TilK mm wmWsm BHMJmH WBBm Hi HUH HP IH VflKm HH Wm WBBSi ■■nsn nil HBBraSmS HHraBBlHP! BHBaHB ■MHMlBMBeEH HHranHfiffi ||ffl8BHHi >. f EHE1 , * ADVERTISEMEN T. 1 HE Additions to this Second Edition, afford further Proofs of the Conformity of the Arabic and Perfian with the Eu- ropean Languages. Conformity and Etymology are not ftri&ly the fame Things ; and, therefore, Objections made to the one do not apply to the other. Etymology is the Defcent or Derivation of a Word from its Original ; or, VI ADVERTISEMENT, or, as it is called by Quintilian, origina- tio ejus. Conformity is the refem- blance of one Word to another, having the lame radical Letters in the fame Form. In Etymology you trace a Word to its Source, in Conformity you fee the Likenefs, but cannot always fhow its Defcent. The Perfian Words, how- ever, in the Englilh Language may be accounted for by the Intercourfe between the Goths and the Perfians, and the Ara- bic terms have come to us through the Saxons, ot which wittina gemot is one among many notable inftances. This cannot be denied; and,, therefore, muft reft on a folid foundation. But whe- ther there be any ingenuity in difcover- ing Englrfh Yfords in Oriental Lan- guages ADVERTISEMENT. VII guages is not for an Author to fay when the Queftion is about his own Work ; but fo much he may fay, that the Re- fearch, no doubt, will contribute fome- thing to fhow the Exiftence of an Ori- ginal Language, PREFACE, PREFACE, VV E have long been in poiTeffion of a number of words in the Englifh lan- guage, domefticated among us, without knowing whence we had them, or fuf- pedling that they were not our own ; and if, at any time, we fuppofed, from an ignorance of their origin, that they did not belong to us, we were com- pletely unable to fay how we came by them ; and, although Perfia and Arabia b have VI PREFACE. have greatly contributed to enrich our Vocabulary, we have remained utter iirangers to what people, or country, our acknowledgements have been due for fuch an acceflion of wealth. The appearance of Teutonic words in the Periian language was long ago noticed by Marcus Zuerius Boxhornius, in a letter to Nicholaus Blancardus, in which he is of opinion that the Perfians and Germans are derived from the Scy- thians, as from a common anceftor, and that of courfe their language is one and the fame thing *. Many learned men, fuch * This idea, however, is very different from the opinion of Sir William Jones, who apprehended, that Iraun, or Perfia., was PREFACE. VU fuch as MorhofF, Muhl, Saumaife, Oleari- us, and Braunius, have thought that the German and Perfian languages were much alike. Leibnitz alfo in his Mif- cellanies, p. 152, fays the fame thing, was the country from which all the nations of the earth derived their origin, it being, accord- ing to him, the place whence people firft mi- grated in all directions ; and in which migra- tions they of neceffity carried their language. He fuppofes " that the language of the firft Perfian empire was the mother of the Sanfcrit, and confequently of the Zend and Parfi, as well as of Greek, Latin, and Gothic." — €€ The Saxon chronicle, I prefume, (fays Sir W. Jones), from good authority, brings the firft inhabitants of Britain from Armenia ; while a late very learned writer concludes, after all his laborious refearches, that the Goths or Scythi- ans came from Perfia," &c. Vid. Afiatic Re- fearches, vol. 11. pp. 64, 65 ; and Flowers of Perfian Literature, pp. 46, 47. b 2 Lipfiug V1U PREFACE. Lipfius, in his epiftle to Henry Schott, in Cent. iii. ad Belgas Num. 44, has a lift of thirty-five words whicli are the fame in Perfian and German. See Bur- ton's Remains of the Perfian Tongue, publifhed by Von Seelen, Lubecae, 1720, p. 117. Andrew Muller has written on the fame fubjed. Scaliger fays, in his Epiflle to Pontanus, " One thing cannot be more unlike another, than Teutonifmus linguae Perficae, in which language, ne- verthelefs, I find fader, moder, broder, tochter, but it is by no means necef- fkry that the Perfian fliould be the fame as the Teutonic, becaufe certain words in both are written and pronounced alike ; PREFACE. IX alike ; you may as well fay the Arabic and the Spanifh are the fame, in which latter tongue there are Arabic words enough to make a complete dictionary. See Reinefius, torn. III. Var. Left. c. 17, but particularly Hiller on the origin of the Celtic nations, in his compari- fon of Perfian, Teutonic, Greek, and Latin, in twenty-one inftances, in which he endeavours to overturn the opinion of Boxhornius, and his followers, that the Germans are derived from the Scythians. Tacitus fays, Ipfos Germanos indigenas crediderim, minimeque aliarum gentium, adventibus, hofpitiisque mixtos ; where Leibnitz remarks, that they are indigence ; vel aborigines in no other fenfe than that in which ignotum pro nullo habetur, becaufe b 3 adventus X PREFACE. adventus eorum migrationefque omnem memoriae hiftoriam tranfcendunt. To this maybe added the teftimony of He- rodotus, in his firft book, that there were among the Perfians Germans, who, with the Panthelsei and the Derufisei, were all ploughers of the ground, and not of the tribe of the Pagafardae, or Achaemenides, from whom the Perfian monarchs were defcended, but Germans, (foreigners, who came poflibly to teach the Perfians the arts of agriculture). I thought it neceffary to fay thus much by way of Preface to a fmall tra£t on the Conformity of the Perfian with the En- glish, and other European Languages, in which certain words are not only alike, but exactly fimilar, without pre- tending PREFACE. XI tending in all cafes to determine the queflion of priority : For which he firlt, and which from t'other fpring, (We cite them both) that's quite ano- ther thing. The prelence of the old rough Teu- tonic in the foft modern Perfian, wears at bell but an incongruous appearance, like a rulHc fpeaking the language of the court, or the barbarous names of Ceol- wolf and Tatwallin in the harmonious images of ^Ella. The prefence alio of oriental words in our language has its inconvenience, and is fometimes the oc- calion of one thing being miftaken for another, Xiv PREFACE. another, owing to the pronunciation given to the foreign term agreeing fo exa&ly with that of the native, as to the ear to make them but one, and the fame word. I do not think myfelf under any obligation to fhow, how, or when any Oriental w x ord came into our language, more than buzzard in Arabic, or koofa in Shanfcrit ¥„ * Koofa-grafs held facred by the Bramins. See Mr. Wilkins's Heetopades, p. 14. note 27. In EnglilTi coach-grafs, triticum repens. Cu- fha, pronounced more correcSHy cufa with a palatial /; a grafs held facred by the Brahmens from time immemorial. It is the poa cyno- furoides of Dr. Koenig. See Afiatic Refearches, vol. III. p. 255. or PREFACE, XV or nag, or rava*, or any other of fo- reign extraction, now fettled and do- medicated among us. Conqueft and commerce were the great channels through which the language of the Goths palTed into Perfia, and by which the terms of the Englifh are current all over the world f . It has been the fate of the Eafteru languages to be mifunderftood in Europe. We have more than one infiance of this in Ariftophanes. In the Achar- * Nag is a horfe in Shanfcrit, rava a cry. Nag banee is the fnake's tongue. ^f Mr. Swinburn in his Travels, in 1783, in Sicily, has given a lift of thirty-eight Englifh words in ufe at Bova and Reggio in Magna Graecia. nenfes, XVI PREFACE. nenfes, the name of the Perfian ambafta- dor is fadly mangled and wretchedly in- terpreted, as if Pfeudartabas was fo called, becaufe derived from 'AgTtxSyjV, a Per- fian, and Egyptian meafure : this is the more extraordinary, as the right word is given in the Aldus edition, and the Ve- netian of 1542, and wants only to be written with an omicron, inftead of an omega. The Invernizi manufcript gives Pfeudartaha— ban, v. 91. and 99. and at v. 99. the editio Princeps, and 1542, ■tysvftoigcrwSoc, which laffc is nearer the truth than i\sev$oigTOi€oi, but they are nei- ther of them correct. The ambaflador is called the king's eye*, which his name expreflcs • * nDN in Hebrew is brachium, et ancilla, becaufe ancilla, or hand-maid, is the arm of her PREFACE. XM1 expreltes ; w!} f;lj &L&^ Shah Dara Zab, or as the Greeks pronounced it, ipsyJa^«S«, corrupted into Pfeudartaha. The word means, the eye of the lord, the king, o fiotcriXews op0«tycoff. Zab is a fountain and an eye ; fo ^s is an eye in its firft fenfe, and a fountain in its fecond, becaufe the eye is fons lacrymarum, et rivus ; thus f** 00 ^** chefhm is an eye, and a cup, becaufe it holds the tears. I wifli I could make out the ambaf- fador's words in anfwer, v. loo, to the her miflrefs. See Exodus, cap. ii. v, 5. The diftindlion between the meanings is by the dia- critical point dagefh in mem, for when it is raphated, that is aipirated, it fignifies hand- maid. order XV111 PREFACE. order given by the herald to explain to the citizens, for what purpofe the king of Perfia fent him, as fatisfa&orily, as I have reftored his name. In the third fcene of the firft ad fysv^ct^otgotc having been introduced to the council by the herald opens his com- miffion in the following words : Ictgmy,oiv e%ccgZocv dxiatrovoicroiTPX. Upon which the herald afks Dicaeopolis, if he underftands what the ambaflador fays. " Not I, faith/ 5 replies Dicaeo- polis. He fays, " that the king will fend us money," adds the herald, and turning to Pfeudarzab, bids him lay more llrefs on the word gold. The ambafla- dor fpeaks again, and Dicaeopolis afks, what PREFACE. XIX what he fays now. The herald ex- plains, and Dicasopolis rejoins, " I do not think fo, get you gone, I will alk him myfelf ;" upon which he addrefles the ambaflador : " Will the great king fend us money?" The ambaflador makes a fign, which Diczeopolis interprets " No;" and adds, " then we have been deceived by our legates ?" The ambafla- dor nods aflent, after the manner of the Greeks. Dr. Wahl and Monfieur Anquetil, feem to explain the words of Pfeudarzab, as if the true meaning of them were given in the herald's translation : " He XX PREFACE. " He fays the king will fend us money/' Whereas the ambaflador declares he faid no fuch thing. Dr. Wahl, however, goes on to trans- cribe in Perfian what Pfeudarzab has faid with his own interpretation, " Af- ferent nobis ex arce regia opes ;" and this remark, " Wir werden deutlich gewahr, dafs die Worte Artebans fich noch immer im neuperfichen finden n'am- !ich/* (l ; >!>) )/,> ;£L^ _//;! \, , ; l This is a tranflation into modern Perfian of the Greek words the herald gave to the ambaflador, with additions and va- riations PREFACE. XXI nations, without which, perhaps, they are not to be interpreted at all ; but, be their meaning what it will, it can never be " afferent nobis ex arce regia opes," for the reafon already affigned. Herr. Anquetil, fays Wahl, Wft alfo auf, that is, difengages it, or as the painters fay, brings it out thus, Iarad man atchfchetran afzunatra (chfchetran a rege w'are zendifch), Thefe learned OrientaMs obfervc, that sa in the laft word, and iarta for iarat are miftakes of the tranfcribers, and Mr. Wahl makes the concluding letters to be hh L$\? °P es ^ pecuniam regiam. c I fhall XXli PREFACE. I fhall now give my own reading, and the interpretation of it. larta man e^oc^oc na piflbn as atra. Awurde am men jezer na fizun az dara, I, the ambaffador, have brought no money from the king, Fizun means increafe, abundance., wealth, money ; from t\))}2 fizuden, to increafe and multiply, and hence comes, or vice verfa, , ^* pyfe in the Hindu- wee language. Mafiih, in Arabic, is no money ; whence we have our words at cards / PREFACE. XXlil cards of fifh, and counters *j that is, money and counters. Aur or awur, is reprefented by Iar ; de am, by tam ; d being changed into /, and e am coalefced. A complains in Lucian, of having been robbed by the Athenians, of £v$she , )(6ioiv, for they fay To make men we only repeat the m> E%&g%& is attice for zv&pcrct, or je* zarfa. * Warton fays, vol. II. p. 31 6, that the Arabians invented cards, which they communi- cated to the Conftantinopolitan Greeks, from whom cards came to England, and the Weftern parts of Europe during the Crufades. c 2 Az X&1V PREFACE* A& atra for az dara according to the Chaldean mode, which makes dar nnx, and \j& j\) dar choda, Atergatis. See Reland, p. 142, Differ t. iii. As to the chronology of this tranf- action, it is eafily fettled, as we are in poffeffion of two points, the date of the play, when a&ed, and the death of Ar- taxerxes Longimanus, The former was in the third year of the 88th Olympiad, and the latter in the 424th year before Chrift, or in the 4th year of the 88th Olympiad, and the feyenth of the Pelo- ponnefian war, the year after Ariftophanes brought out the Acharnenfes. During the life-time of the powerful Ardeihir Diras Dolt, the length of whofe hand the PREFACE, XXV the Athenians had felt to their coil in Egypt, the poet was not afraid to raife a loud laugh at the expence of the great king's ambaiTador, by bringing him on the ftage, all eye. There is a Perfian word in the title of Chofroes the Second, which I have feen followed by (Genii) between hooks, as if this was the meaning of it, and it fig- nified Demons. Now there are Genii* the Soors, and Affoors of India for ex- ample, to which, the word in conlidera- tion cmtuvoic has fome refemblance ; but We want a Perfian term. The title of Chofroes before his letter to Bahrain has all the pomp and prodi- gality XXVi PREFACE. gality of the Eallern fublime. Chofroes* King of Kings* Lord of Lords, Prince of, peace, falvation of men ; with God im- mortal, among men a glorious divinity ; an illuftrious conqueror, riling with the fun, giving eyes to the night, of noble defcent, hating war, gracious to all, o tqv$ otcrwvas (/ucrQovfJLSvoe, having the learned in his pay, a preferver of the kingdom of Perfia* To Bahram, the Perfian general, our friend. The word aawvocg is moll pro- bably U^-l afhina, from ^J^J^ fhinas or fhonas, intelligent, knowing, jJj ^l^i^) nukte alhonas, underftanding the moll minute things, and the moll myllical lignilications. ^Li^' ,£*+ mana PREFACE. XXvil mana aihona, fignifies alio learned In meanings, for .£*<* ( { is without mean- ing, or unintelligible ¥. It may, perhaps, be more eafy to ac- count for the Arabic words in our lan- guage than the Perfian, if we confider that when the ftar of the great monar- chies was fet, the Arabian luminary arofe, and like Timur, became the lord of the fortunate conjun&ion at its rife. The great empires that have been found- ed on the ruins of the widely extended do- * See Theophyla6t, lib. iv. c. 8. Parifiis, 1647, p. 101. Gibbon, vol. iy. p. 475. And Themiitius, Orat. xxi. Explorator, p. 255. Notis Edit. Harduin. p. 507, de Oculo Regis. Philoftrat. Vit. Apollon. lib. i. c. xv. minions XXVlli PREFACE, minions of the Khalifa, in all which Arabic has been, and is ftill, legally and religioufly cultivated, mull, no doubt, have influenced the ftates of Europe, and mixed their tongues with hers, Notwithstanding the Arabic and Per- flan are fo oppofite in genius, that the one abhors, what delights the other, yet are they fo interwoven as to be worn like patch work draperies on the fame Ihoul- VJers ; and though the greater part of the motley garment be of Arabian texture, yet to know the compofition of the one, you muft be acquainted with the threads of the other. We, whofe language is made up of French and Saxon, are ac- cuftomed to this mixture, and when we fay, PREFACE. XXIX fay, beef, veal, or mutton, fpeak the one, and when ox, calf, or flieep, the other. This fmall Vocabulary has been col- lected from a variety of authors ; many of the words, however, have never been before noticed, with a view to a com- parifon with any European language. Father Angelo has fhewn, in his Ga- zophylacium, the analogy between the modern languages and the Perfian ; and Profeifor Wahl has published a very learned work with xi plates ; the title of which is, * Allgemeine Gefchichte der Morgenla # ndifchen Sprachen, und Lite- ratur ; I have obtained alight of this d work, %XX PREFACE, work, where the author compares the German with the Oriental tongues, by the favour of Mr. Henley, and if I have differed from the author in my interpre- tation of the Periian in Ariiiophanes, I have given my reafons for fuch diilent ; and I {hall be happy, if I fhould have been miftaken, to be fetrigl.t, THE 1 HE Honour aide East India Company has set apart a Suite of Rooms, in headenhall Street, for the Reception of Oriental Books and Manuscripts, and ap- pointed Charles Wilkins, Esq. to le the Keeper of them, ivho is in himself a living Repository of Oriental Learning. LINQVE LIBER CAMPOS UBI NASCERIS, ARVA PATERNA DESERE, NEC TIMEAS ; FELICITER IBIS IN VRBEM, NAMQVE TIBI PLVTEVM CERTVS PROMISIT APOLLO, THE CONFORMITY OF THE *4R>AEIC *AJVJB PERSI^JV WITH THE ENGLISH AND OTHER EUROPEAN LANGUAGES. PERSIAN. ENGLISH. jt! Ahad f Abode. AbAD means a city, or habitation, pv refidence. Shirauz, which has been called the Perfian Athens, was *U (U? Jumal Abad, or the feat of elegance. See Perfian Mifcellanies, p. 26 ; and Flowers of Perfian Literature, p. 24. Likewife A' *^*) Dowlet Abad, or the abode of prosperity, a town in the Eaft Indies, and many others of a Similar nature. ( 2 ) L uJ* ) Ebnus Ehenus, Ebony. An Arabic word. 2jA Alru A brow. To give a brow is to refpe6i. To make a brow, is to honour. And as Swift and Shakfpeare fay, to make a leg, or to bow ; fo the Perfians, to make a brow, or honour by a look, or regard. To incline the brow, ,*uj zeden, is to nod, or approve by a motion of the eye- brow. The Macedonians probably brought the words a£gcv$, (k^ovr^g from Perfia ; See Hefychius, A?GgovT€G. oQpvg. MotKZ$ovz£. afotrzov, which Hefy- chius explains by xvxsoovx, is Mace- donia and Arabic, as thus, ^1, and with a Greek termination, ufocxov, yjxve- ovroc gaping, having a large mouth. Either Hefychius was ignorant of the meaning of the word, or the Macedo- nians ( 3 ) nians gave their own fenfe to it, or the tfanfcriber of the manufcript, of which there is but one copy, wrote xvxswm for Xctveov}%. Suicer in a letter to Web- iler, December 21, 1662, wifhes fome one would explain to him the Scythic, Punic, Laconic, and Macedonic words in Hefychius. As I know of no Periian word like oihtrxov that fignifies xvxswoi, or mixture, I mull conceive that the text has been corrupted, or the Mace- donic term miflnterpreted. We are fometimes told, fays Poller, that the nominative in IWoTa, 'sro/jjTa is Mace- donic, they might as well fay, it was Perfie. F. 78, Accent and Quantity, ill edit. One thing is certain, that the termination is not Greek. ,j~~X I Ellis Devil . Eblis, the Perfians fay, wag fent from Hea- B 2 ven ( 4 > ven to chaflife the genii, whom he rout- ed, and with Gian ben Gian their leader, drove from the face of the earth, and reigned in their Head. His name was Hares, the Guardian, or Protestor , but, proving refractory, and difobedient to the commands of Heaven, he was called Iba the Stubborn; Eblis the Defperate; and Sheitan the Proud. , w^Xj y y Dir eblis makes Deviliih, Devil, &c. &c. ,j£'l Atish Fire. Out of the word atifh, the French feem to have made attifer, to light, or kindle a fire. Titio, in Latin, is an ex- tinguiflied fire brand, and Tirocvog in Greek calx, or lime, which, with TiTtpsQ, Homer's infernal gods, come from Dip Ccenum, lutum, in Hebrews and kit tat in Arabic, aeftuare, which fhews the na- ture of the earth meant, to be effer- vefcent, < 5 ) vefcent, though ufed to fignify earth in general. The French fometimes borrow a word from the Arabic through the Italians ; for in fiance, mefchin ^XL/ ! elmefchin, povero, mefchino, and in He- brew IDdd macfan. id?! Atfhi in Per- fian is a flint-Hone. The French became acquainted with the Arabians when the conquerors of Spain tookNarbonne, and Thouloufe, with great part of Langucdoc ; and when Le Comte de Eudes, in attempting to recover it, was defeated, and the Saracens advanced a confiderable way into France, till they met with Charles Martel, grandfather of Charlemagne, and were forced to retire to Narbonne. /^ \j? \ Ahras Eras . Aera Hifpanica began twenty-eight years before the Chriflian, or the tax- b 3 ing ( 6 ) ing of Auguftus, on the defeat of the Spaniards by Domitius Calvinus in the feventh Julian year, according to Dio Caflius ; therefore it cannot have been fo called, becaufe all the world brought in its contributions in money, or aera to the republic. Moreover it is always fpelt according to Scaliger, Emendat. temp, p. 418,, Era on the old Spanilh monu- ments. Ahras in Arabic means ages, periods, epochs. ,p \jp 1 Aras Areas . Aras, in Arabic, courts, fquares, or open places. Area in Latin is a void fpace. Area quafi exaruerit, a place where nothing grows. Feftus, pefiime. Ct 7 if ft Arizchenk Artichoke. Artz-chenk in Arabic is earth choke, and compounded of artz, earth, and chenk, which means choking, or ftrangling. t 7 ) ilrangling. See the Gazophylacium rjjft A Artichek, under Articiocco. oj! Err eli Serra. Erreh a faw in Per flan, which the Latins have made their own by prefixing the letter s as they ufually have done in forming words from the Greek. ^1 Erma ^E^xog. v EgY)[/.oc, igrifJUTYiG, in Greek, from whence comes hermit, as we now fay, though formerly eremite. wl/^1 Asterlab Aflrolabe. Johnfon derives this word from the Greek occt^ov Aa£sIV, but the Arabic I believe is the oldeft, though our word may have been made up of twp Greek ones. iMjta"J Astaden To Stand. £&>] Asian A Threlhold. B 4 *>ta"l ( 8 ) e>^4 Astanda Stator. Quaii adftans domino, to execute his orders. The Romans had ftanders and runners, letter-carriers. Cic. Epift. ad Famil. 1. ii. Ep. xvii. ineunte. We too have ftanders and runners of another fort, pick-pockets. & **\ Ashim A fcheme. See Ludolphi Commentarium in Hrfto- riam JEthiopicam, p. 625, edit. 1691. klf JM Ascarlati Scarlet, Efcarlate, \f v j** j%) Iter Iter. A circle, a line drawn round another, a procefs, or going about, in Arabic. £*j) Aresh Wrifi, Arefh or erefh is the wrift, bccaufe it joins the hand, and the arm together. (PjS in Arabic is to connect, and the prefix of the iv makes our word. , See Cafiell, p. 18. v- Arflan. ( 9 ) V/t?! Itaret Reiterating. Iterare in Latin is to do a thing a fecond time, in Englifli to iterate, or re- peat. ^IaM Itam Eating, To eat in Saxon is eatan ; in Gothic itan ; in Arabic itam ; eating, feeding, giving victuals or refreshment. "^1 Ahmet Meat. The French derive their word mets, from meto ; miflus, miniftratio, and are evidently in want of an etymology. It is not an uncommon thing for words in palling from one language to another to loofe their firffc fyllable, and fometimes more. Thus latten is tin ; umbilicum bellico, cadavered, davered. ciKoyeVY\Q cockney ; potatoes tatoes ; withdrawing-room drawing-room. ( io ) v^ttM. Atlas Atlas. Atlas is any tiling fmooth, worn, bare, or bald ; and, in commerce, a iilk- fattin, manufactured in the Eaft Indies, of all colours, with gold and lilk, fo admi- rably worked together, that it cannot be imitated in Europe. See Spectator in Johnfon's Dictionary. /Mv^l Afiun Opium. Efiyun, ofiyun, opiun, is Arabic. The Greeks have oitog juice of any kind; the Spaniards opio, juice of poppy ; from whence the French, and the Englifh get the initial o. ♦ ^jy^S Bfitimaiin Epithymon. Efitimoun, a Perfian word, called by Richardfon a kind of weed, is Pliny's Epithymon, and the name of a fpecies of dodder in Englifh botany, cufcuta epi- thymum, lefs dodder, or little devil's guts. r ( 11 ) fZ^\ Iklhn A clime. The Bengal rupee has this infcrip- tion : " Struck on the teven climates* jyiU (Kufhwar) 1202, A. D. 1788." The feven climates are Kafhmeer, Ben- gal, Decan, Gudjraat, Lahore, Poorub, and Paiilioor, which Timur, when he eftablifhed his throne in India, united, and called himfelf " the con- queror of the feven climates." The title has been retained by his fucceflbrs. See Moor's Appendix, p. 472, 4to, to Little's Narrative, 1791. j^^J) Eleniun Helenium. Helenium in Arabic is written eleni- um after the Greek. Si j^JJ Alhet Albeit. Albet in Perfian means like our al- beit, although, certainly, neceflarily, not- withitanding. ( 12 ) fl >} Amrar Amarus, Amere. Amrar in Arabic comes from the nionoiyllable no in Hebrew mar, in French amere, ^f Emma Ma. The Italians out of emma, or ama, have made ma, but, however, notwiths- tanding, nevertbelefs, £J&Z*S Amikhten To Mix. Imper. JU#1 Amiz Mix. , . ♦ f > JL« ) Amiziden To Mix „ jy*\ Amuz Amufe. Amuz, ikilful, learned, teaching. jIj\ Amhar A Barn. ,wT An Annus. An in Arabic means time, an hour, a clay, a year, from whence may have come annus, a year ; or a ring, annul ut. t r 13 > jjj) linked Unked. Enked is avaricious, wretched, from whence we have perhaps a term in En* glifh of linked ; difagreeable, melancholy, tirefome. In Oxfordshire every thing vinpleafant is linked. J^J) Anus Anus. Anus, women, females, in Arabic* The common derivation of anus is from aWQ fenfelefs, without understanding, but this does not fuit all old women. rfi^&\ Inhas Inks. Inkas, writing inks in Arabic. jj>! Endud Endued. Endud, plafter, ointment, wafhing-, gilding, incrufting, from enduden in Per- sian. yjh\ ff j j j zer vu fim endud* clad, covered, incrulted with gold and filver. .. ( 14 . \ L j*^^ Enhelis eyyB'kig. Enkelis in Arabic is an eel, as in Greek. >CJ Ankar or Angar Anchor. In the Moors language, compofed of Arabic, Periian, and Hindoftanee, lungur is both an anchor and a monkey, becaufe a monkey holds by his fore -paws, as fall as an anchor. jj£) Engilin* Angelica. Engiline is angelica, a herb, in Perfian. *)J^ Ordu Hord. Qrdu is a king's court, palace, or camp. A hord (of Tartars) in Perfian. 1 1 Eta ETct Eja. L I is a particle ufed to exhort, and encourage, as in Greek and Latin : Eta vvv y u crvvfoxacfjou U'w^l Bdbu V mandeh Babelmandeb* The gate of tears, or ftraits leading into the Red Sea, commonly called Ba- belmandel. The Arabians confidered it as a paiTage to deftru&ion, on account of the frequent flap wrecks that happened in going through it ; for which reafon they w T ept for all that hazarded a paiTage into the fea of Oman, or the iEthiopie Ocean, at leafi for all their friends. t\))h> ji Baritowi. Father Angelo- has put this in his lift of ( 16 ) of Perfian words that have any relatioii with European. If it be a Perfian term it is obvious enough, that it is 'uregijovouov exprelTed in Perfian letters. ^ U H Bala-khaneli Balcori. ♦ In Hindoftan the upper apartments are called balacony. The Italian words balcone and palco come immediately from palcum (fuggeftus) in low Latin, with balke and balk, pofts or beams, or rafters over out-houfes in German and Englifh. I Pa Pas. Foot, a footftep. (J[ Pal Pie, French. A foot. iffc or /fX Fars or Pars Pferd ger. Paart du. The word tf)\ % pars, which figni- fies ( 17 ) fies a horfe, is exceedingly ancient, and was ufed for the Perfians, at a very early period, Pharfi, Perfians, (horfemen,) is mentioned Dan. v. 28. The Arabians, who have no p in their alphabet, always fub- ftitute f: thus they fay m\^^j\^ far- fiftan inftead of M^L^A parliftan the country of horfes. ■ I Buz Buzzard. A hawk or falcon. The beak of a bird. The firft part of the Englilli word buzzard is found in Perfian, but the whole is made out of the Arabic term for fa!- conarius (i^ljl jL buz adarii by inverting the order of the r ; and dropping the vowels. This inverfion takes place iqL pronunciation, and letters are tranfpofed in words that pafs from one people to another ; thus, , fpicata (TTrixocrr) by the Jews is called t&icttixql, Sykes by the g Hindoos ( is ) Hindoos fkyes. otywvioi, by the Hebrews , afponia, Golgotha by the Syrians Go- goltha, and a variety of others, which every body converfant with various lan- guages mull have obferved, and particu- larly in our own, where the word wafp, that was formerly called wapfe, and had no other pronunciation ; but is now only in ufe in the country. " Atque inficeto eft inficetius rure." )*/" jl Bad nimruz Inbatto. Inbatto is the noon_breeze that blows from the JEgean into Smyrna, regularly at twelve o'clock in the day. Inbatto is made up of in and lad, wind, in Perfian, with an Italian termination. See Dal- laway's Travels, p. 288, 4to, who men- tions the term inbatto. II Papa Papa. U f„j The Pope of Rome. ( 19 ) > Bad Bad. Bad is Perfian, and means wicked, worn out, good for nothing, as > # ^l? a tattered garment, or a bad coat ; jamei bad. ijj? j» of a bad temper* ^> Pader Pater, Father, j, Ber Tmperat. Bear. j}) j, Burader Brother, Brother of faith, brother of poverty, brother of war, brother of fufpicion, of forrow, of foftnefs, and fubmiffion. All thefe forms occur in Perfian and Arabic. j^^ Burader Broeder, Brother. This is another word which the Per- flans have adopted with the Saxons and Germans from one common fource of Scythia and Tartary, from whence ir- ruptions were made into the Eaft and p 2 Weft ( 20 ) Weft, and the inhabitants were taught the language of their invaders. //yl^ B>erhari$ Barberry. The barberry-tree, like the tamarind, crab, and floe, never ripens its fruit to fweetnefs, the berry is fpinae acidse po- mum, or the fruit of a fliarp thorn, the name is of Arabian growth. .^j^ Berber Barber. A barber or furgeon is the fame in Perfian as in Englifh. A barber-fur- geon joins the practice of furgery to the trade of barber, and fuch were all fur- geons formerly, Ly» Barhut (3ocp£iT0£. The Greek word fidig€iTQg is derived from fiocgvpiTOV, fo called on account of the deep tone of its firings. The word is of great antiquity, whatfoever may ( 21 ) may have been its origin; and at leaf! •S00 years older than barbiit according to Hyde's notion, that barbut came from Barbud, muiician to Khofrou, fon of Hormuz, fuf named Parviz, or the Victo- rious. See Hyde's Preface, and extract: from Mu'gjizat Pharfi where there are anecdotes of the famous Decemviri Per - farum, jof which Barbud was the eighth The derivation of (3cic£iTQV is far from being fatisfadiory, as is the cafe with a great many in the book from whence it is taken, the Etymologicon Magnum : neither is the reafoning of Hyde at all conclusive, fince the intlrument might have been called barbut before the mufi- cian or his name exiited, and prior even to the Greek. j*£> ? Berlendid Bind on. Ber and bendid, the fecond pcrfon plural imperative of bitten to bind ; ber er 3 is ( 2 2 . ) is a prefix, and in verfe it is berbendidt- LL^/* mehmelha, bind on your burdens. The line is beautiful, and deferves the tranilation, or paraphrafe, which Jortia has unintentionally given it^ Jeres feryadi midared he berbendidi mehmelha. The bell proclaims, on, on your burdens bind. Hafez, Ode I. The alluflon is to the bell of departure for the caravans, Sarcinas age collige, Ut vita levis exeas, Cum lignum dederit pater. ***& S Birtenk .Bittern. Bittern is derived in general from Butor, quali bos $t taurus, bfecaufe when the bittern plunges his bill in the mud, lie roars like a bull. Bertenk, in fome degree ( 23 ) degree favours this etymology, fince ^A^^ means in mud, where the bittern or ar- dea ftellaris fifties for his food : the let- ters are not indeed exa&ly the fame, or in the fame order ; but I have feen greater changes without deftroying the identity of words. /♦Ny Berden, to Bear. Burden. ^J y Bark Barrack. Bark or barrack, in Spanifh barracca, means with us, as in Periian, provifion, or lodging for foldiers, and travellers, Bark is alfo a leaf, and in Arabic a co- vering, or cingulum, a cloak, rica, that wraps round the head and face, like bark round a tree, and leaves nothing but the eyes uncovered. &*'/ )f Khood Perest, Pfieft of himfelf, or felf-admirer. iM ^/^a Pr ester Khan Prefter J ohn , Prefter Khan : adoratorum princeps fummus. Hence called Prefter John in Englifh. (J j. Peri Fairy. X*S^ Bister Politer. The word is, perhaps, A—"^ pifter flgnifying a bolfter, bed, jnatrafs, or pil- low, in Dutch bolfter, in Saxon boliire. See Richardfon, and the Gazophylachim. , U* Betil Batello. Betil is a boat, if Father Angelo be corred, from whence batello might have come, or betil from batello, iince the root is probably a monofyllable, baot in Flemifh, boat in Englifh. < 25 ) U, Biiffha B • Scortum Sodomiticum. Cinaedus. This word may difpute the precedence with the excellent etymology in the note. The deteftable crimes of the Bulgarians made their name odious, and bugare came to fignify a fodomite. The Bul- garians had adopted the abominations of the Manichreans, and other monftrous errors. See Mofheim and Diet, de Trevoux. «>. Beghel Beagle. Beghel is flow, moving in a particu- lar manner, between the rate of the. anka (long necked dog) and the hemlaj or the animal that paces quietly on the road. See Golius, in ( %0 , \** and V^t. ,vjLX Belesan Balfam. SJ ♦ Balfam is Arabic ; native balfam is an ( 26 ) an oily refinous liquid flowing fpontane- oofiy, or by incifion from certain plants. ^Jj^ Penirek Pennyroyal, Pennywort. Penirek is the name of a fweet fmelling Iberb in Perfian, to which our word penny may have probably fome relationship. tjH Bande, A Slave. ~ Oiie that is bound. V ♦ Bu Fie, eng. Buy (f)tV, (pV y GR. Fi, ITAL. Fai, ESPAGJ*. Fey, ALLEM. Foeci, FLEM. Vah, LATIN. Hughues de Berry, Moine de Saint Germain des Pres dans fa fatire qu'il ap- pelle la Bible de Guyot, ou parlant des medecins, ( 27 ) medecins, qu'on appelloit alors Phyfi- ciens ; il dit, Fificiens font appelles, Sans fi ne font ils point nommes ? De fi doit toute ordure naitre, Et de fi Phifique doit etre. See Pafquier Recherches, L viii. c. 28, Bu in Perfian is a fmell, either good or bad, like i^ in Arabic, either as fweet fmelling odour /♦jLv'l (VI ti in the nofe of time, or a ftink. J I 5^ defran lehu Phy ilium. Vide Lette, p. 123, in Car- men Panegyricum Muhammedis, 4to» Ludg. Bat, 1748. Vide Fabricium, edit, ult. Biblioth. Grace. i;go, p. 88. Nequam, an Englifh poet in the reign of king John, of St. Albans in Hert- fordfhire, and canon of Exeter, made the following epigram on Philip Repington, who ( 23 ) who had punn'd on his name of Nequam t Phi nota faetoris, Lippus malus om- nibus horis, Phi malus et lippus, totus malus ergo Philipptis. See Bifhop Godwin, de Praef. Ang. The Greeks changed the Perfian ba into their own <£>/, and of ^jA abru made $* Turh Turf, Turb is earth, duft, ground, a clod, in Arabic, Saxon, and Dutch. > J Turled Turbitum. Turbed is in Arabic an Indian purga- tive root ; and turbitum, a root much ufed in phyfic to purge phlegm. Ainf- worth's 4th Alphabet. D 4 )?f ( 40 ) 1 'jfs Turtur Turtle dove, Turtur in Arabic ; in Greek rgvyhv. Turtur has no derivation in the Latin language, and is evidently of foreign ex- traction. Turtures, fays Cicero, et curfu et peregrinatione laetantur. V. de Fin. f } Tersem Teg aw. Terfem I fear, or apprehend, is like the future of rgm Tpeato per meta- thefin TSgv®. Thus we have from Tzigtt Tegcrei Theocr. Idyl. 22. v, 63. And from xeipu Kegcoi Mofchus. Id. 2. v. 32. Terfem is the firfl perfon prfefent of terfiden, to fear. Tersem een houmi he her durdi keshan mikhandend. I fear that thofe who mock us as wine-drinkers, &c. &c. Hafez, Ode n. U ( 41 ) ^^JJaT Tetellus Titulus, Title. Tetellus in Arabic is writing, title, defcription. }*£* Tariz Tarrying. Tariz is alighting, and tarrying on a journey. We have this word in the New Teftament and in Shakfpeare, but its origin was not known, ' I will go drink with you, but cannot tarry din- ner ; ff and in Troilus and Crefilda, " Tar- ffd. 9 ' ^ Tas Tafle. Tas in Arabic and Perfian is, as in French, a cup, a plate, alfo a vault, l*p/&H /y^ tas eflak the dome of hea- ven, or a deprefled arch. ( 42 ) , &„j£ Tarys Tarir. Tarys is drying (meat) &c. from whence the Trench have tarir la fource, &c. and the Greeks exprefs dried meat by the fame word nearly {rOLPiyy; Salfa- mentum) as the Arabic. "/ X> Tarif Tarif. An explanation or declaration of du- ties of export and import. S Tefu Pho! Fy! Tefu, fy ! for fliame ! Perfian. j: Tan Tm. A companion, this, that. % ruv in Greek means o amice, for u srocv from stqq ; hence comes ojaostw an equal, and our word coetaneous. See Ariftophanes Nubes, verfe 1270, 'jtti} crxSnrre yf tocv ; and Lucian, p. 727. v. 11. 4to. This, that. In Greek, ? roiv, n smrw, ei- ther, ( 4S ) ther, fays the Spartan mother to her fori, bring back this fhield, or fall upon it. *jy~ Tamloureh Tambour, Tamboureh is Arabic ; tambor in Spa- nilh has its origin in altambor, according to the Diclionaire cle Trevoux Tundur Thunder. y Tu Thou, e. Tu, L. Tutya Tuttj. Tutya is a collyrium for the eyes, ^m^J^ (/W tutiyai dowlet itate-tutty, or a walh for a national eye-fore, jy 1 UZ X UZ. Tuz means the bark of a tree with which the Perfian bows are ornamented, as it were, with a fringe. Tuz in En- glifh fignifies a lock of hair or tuft. With ( 44 ) With odorous oil the head and hair are fleck ; And then thou kemp'ft the Tuzzes on thy cheek ; Of thefe thy barbers take a coftly care, Drypen. My Tun Tun. Tun is the ftove of a bath, the fur- nace of a glafs houfe. \^y Tuma Twin, Thoma. Tuma in Perfian means Thoma in its feco-nd fenfe, and Twin, in its firft, for Thomas was called Didymus. hSv^oi qui urio partu editi funt. Tir Tigris. Tir is an arrow, and the river Tigris from its rapidity. J \S Tirger is an arrow maker, but the Tigris is not the only river named ( 45 ) named from an arrow ; we have Acis in Sicily, that riles in Mount JEtna and falls into the Mare Siculum, fo called becaufe it runs into the fea like a dart ? teli inftar. See Euftathius on Dionyfius, and Probus in Catholicis, who aiferts that Acis does not increafe in the genitive cafe, perhaps not, if you except the pro- per name in Ovid's Metam. lib. xiii. latitans ego rupe, meique Acidis in gremio rcfidens ; Acifculus, it is worth remarking, found on a denarius in the Valeria family with a Siren, on the reverie, fhows that the Sirens and the Acifculi came from the fame country. See Strabo, lib. i. p. 22. fol. Lutet. 1620. and Reland, p. 253, on the word Tiere. rtf^y\ to o%v qregcou. Hefychius, De vetere lingua Perfica. ;fe ( 46 ) ^ L> JaMr Algebra. Jabir or geber is a fetter of broken bones, or reducer of fractions to whole numbers, which may be faid to be the buiinefs of an AlgebraiiL This defini- tion may be illuftrated by an expreffion iri Arabic of drawing from a poet his rhym- ing joints, that is, fome of his rhyming verfes, which are compared to the frame and contexture of the human body fitted ad unguern* See Hariri. AiTembiy, iii. / ry^)& Jalilus Jabble. Jabilus is flattery, impertinent oh- comic in Perfian. Jabble in the Scot* tiCii dialect is to foil, or befpatter in tra* Telling ig. , y)\p Jadis Jadis. Jadis formerly, of ancient times, in French, is derived from jam dm by the French ■< 47 ) French etymologifts ; but is really the Arabic word tf^ worn out, obliterated^, no trace, or veftige of it being left. . ^U Jama A Jam, a Garment, a robe. A jam means in Englifh a child's frock, and is borrowed from the Perfian, fince our frequent intercourfe with India „ l*j\p Jan Giant Jan is the name of a demon, fup- pofed to have been king of a race of creatures which the Arabians called Jinn., the Perfians Jinnian, and of the fairies, who lived before Adam. Jan ben Jam was an hero celebrated in the Eaffc for his buckler compofed by Talifmanic art, fo as to render the bearer proof againit enr chantment, See Wilmet's Dictionary of the Koran, article ,^lp. The J ins or Genii, and the Peris, two fpecies of ideal ( 48 j beings, the one malignant, the other lovely and amiable, are the hinges of Eaftern machinery. The Greeks made the name of Parifatis out of c^lj (j ^ Perizade (born of the Peris,) the fecond daughter of Darius. See more in letter ra and sin. ^Jjy)yL? GeheluV tarek Gibraltar. The mountain of Tarek was the fpot where the General Tarek firft landed in his defcent upon Spain from the oppofite ihore in 710. j& Jad Jad, Dad, The infantine way of faying father is in moil parts of the world very much alike, whether octtoc in Greek, tata in Gothic and Latin, or tad in Wellh, or dad in Engliih, or jad in Perfian, a grand- father, jj?< jg jed bejed, from father to fon. ( 4 9 ) j)jp J error Guerrier. Jerrar, a brave foldier, in Arabic >*-*>? Jerl Zerbus. Fat, thick, grofs, in Perfian. The word is in Apicius, and means omentum, the cavrl in which the inteftines are wrapped. \h Jefa Chafe, Trouble, injury. Fretting. Chafe means a heat, a fume, a fret. " Wolfey fent for Sir Thomas More in a chafe, for having crofled his purpofe in parliament." See Camden's Remains. The etymologifts get no higher than the French in their derivations of this word, chafe, echauffer, but the original exifts in Arabic. ( 50 ) jh Jiger Jecur, Gefier, Heart or Liver. Gizzard. The Perfians ufe jecur juft as the Greeks did r H^«^, and the Latins jecur for either heart or liver. Fervens difBcili bile tumet jecur. Hor. Od. xiii. v. 4. and T&eocritus, Idyl. xi. 15. Kwrgitibe ex (tsyoiXric to ol • HIIATI woUse fietepov. [£ Jemal Camel. Camel in Hebrew is bn* and written with a jim in Arabic ; our word comes from the Hebrew, and the Latin word from the Arabic with the fignification of the Hebrew. Camel in Hebrew means a beaft of burden, as a fubftantive, and as a verb, to make a return of any thing of ( 51 ) of the fame fort and kind, exa$Jy equal ; a gemel, or twin, as in Shakfpeare, a gemel or jimmel ring, that is a ring of the fame fort. There is an Arabic pro- verb, which, becaufe it anfwers to one of our own, I will add to this note. Jernal bemawza jemal bar a hah. Camelus in loco cameli genu fle&it. Canes meiunt, ubi canes minxerunt. And camels kneel, where camel 9 knelt before. °J*>* Jumlet* Jumble. "Jj? Jumletan. Jumlet the whole together ; jumletan univerfally. Jum- ble in Englifh is a mixture of the whole together. " "What a jumble is here made of Ecclefiaftical revenues, as if they E 2 were ( 52 ) were all alienated with equal juftice." Swift. Jumlet kainat hi I kashti Noah. The univerfe jumbled together in Noah's ark. 4 £p Gian, D a mones Giant. £p in Arabic means to cover all over, in the paflive, to be pofleffed with a demon. Genius is Periian, in the fenfe of the word in Latin, Scit genius natale, comes, qui temperat aftrum. ,*iLk^ Jentian Gentiana. ^/ ♦♦ • M ! f Juvan Ju venis . Juven, a boy, or young man- U'/? ( 53 ) General General. General is from the Portuguefe, but the root is in Arabic. , P& Jins Genus. Jins, genus, kind, fort, mode, gene- ration. Nations adopt from one ano- ther the improvements of their own Hock. Pamphlet in Englifli is made up of three French words, par unjilet, by one thread, or a Hitched book, ztne bro- chure, inftead of this the French now ufe pamphlet, and take back their own three made into one. \j? Jua yvx In this word we trace an Englifli term up to the Arabic through the Greek, and Ihow that in the progrefs from Ara- bia to Greece the foft jim is changed into the hard gamma, unlefs the Greeks e 3 pro- ( 54 ) pronounced ju,je,ji, inftead of gu, ge, gi, which is by no means improbable. The Perfians fpell Galilee, Gabriel, and Galen with ajim, and pronounce Jalilee, or Jaleil, Jabriel, and Jaleinus. From yvcc comes yvocXoc plural of yvochov, and gulley with us, Gulley in Englifh is much in ufe for a deep valley, though not in the dictionaries, Vallis in Latin is of the fame family, jy? Jawr Jar, Violence, a ihock. The French have this word in the following fenfes : Jurer fe dit, au figure, des voix et des inftruments de mufique, qui font de faux tons ; mais fur tout quand les fons font rudes et aigres. -^ fon aigre fauffet Scmble un violon faux qui jure fous Farchet Boileau, Les ( 55 ) Les couieurs jurent enfemble qui nc font pas bien aflbrties. On le dit de meme des autres chofes, dont l'union eft choquante. Des airs evapores, et des- cheveux gris jurent enfemble, ^& Juju Joujou. Juju in Perfian is a fparrow, in French a bird of palieboard for children to play Math. * Jehd Jade. Jehd is fatigue, wearinefs from over- labouring, and ftraining every nerve, ap- plied by us chiefly to horfes. The ety- xnologifts prefix a great D for doubtful to this word, which, is to be fought for in Arabic only. E 4 ttjV j^j ( 56 ) jhk Chartar Kfaagx, gr, Cithara, l. Chitarra, ital. Guitar, eng. A word undoubtedly of Perfian origin, fignifying four firings, ciar four, and tar firings, thus, (J^>jb chartak is four co- lumns, that is, a principal room on the top of eaitern houfes, open to the front, and fupported by four pillars. t>j U Chare Chary. Chare in Perlian is a fubftantiye, and lignifies mode, manner, means, care, cau- tion, remedy, cure. £j)h *J^Z r ^° a P" ply a remedy, to fave, to repair. D ; ^ *£ Wh^t mode, by what means. Chary in Englilh is an adje&ive with the fenfe of wary, careful, cautious, fparing, faving, repairing. " Oyer his kindred he held a wary ( 57 ) a wary and chary care/' which was bountifully exprefled when occafion fo required, Carew's Survey of Corn- wall. Jy£ Chera Quare. Why, for what reafon, in Perfian. £ p Cherhh Circus. Cherkh is a globe, a circle, or wheel, in Perfian. j&p Chirghed Cricket. Chirghed pronounced hard is ealily made cricket. The word is Perfian, *? Chi ugh Jugum. Chiugh is Perfian for a yoke. See alfo in its right place ^v Chemen Chemin. Chemen a flowery path, a parterre, a way in a garden, a meadow, &c. &c. ^v /♦/IM^? A green path way. Juo [ y& Chemen fofa, a feat in a garden path. +o I ^ Chuache Chuck. v TV Chuache or chuwache is a chick in Perfian, as if formed from chuck, the noife a hen makes in calling her chickens. From chuck comes chick, as Johnfon has well obferved. w ^f Chop Chip. Chip and chop, fays Johnfon, are the fame. The Perfians call a rod, or flick, /^i w^^ chop defti, a Hick for the hand, and exprefs our, " to kifs the rod," by £)\)f w *2 chop khurden, tq. devour the rod ; o ^stf chop pare, is a chip ( 4$ ) chip lathe, or fhaving of a tree, the pop- lar tree for inftance. i**£jk Chopin Chopine. Chopin in Perfian is wooden, and is ufed by the French for a meafure. Chopinette de pompe is a wooden cy- linder with holes in it, ufed in pumps. The French dictionaries derive chopiu from cupa. t^ Chiz Chofe. Chiz a thing, t^L* nothing, i^J& jgX nachiz fhuden to be nothing. The ety- mologifts bring this word from caufa, and look no farther. o^ Chere Ciera, Italian. Face, air. Cheer. The word cheer for countenance has long been domefticated among us in Spen- cer, ( 6o ) cer, Milton, and Daniel, and derived, like moil other words of uncertain origin, from the Greek ; but fuppofing cheer to come ultimately from yjxipsiv to rejoice, or xeoig the heart, you have in the Per- fian and Italian, the immediate Heps by which it defcended to us from fo great a height, though moft probably the Perfian is the true prototype. *2>^) */t& Chire-dest Dextrous. In this compound we have both Greek and Latin, yeto et dextera to fig^ nify right handed, or dextrous. Chire deft bold, conqueror, ready handed, L U Hahul Cable. Habul is rope for climbing a palm- tree. In Welfh cabl, in Dutch cabel. * or hh of the Arabians is founded like the ( 6i ) the hetli ft of the Hebrews with a ftrong afpirate. jyi^t Hahuha herdm To make havock. Vide Gazophylacium, p. 149. To make havock is to plunder, and live by rapine. " Do not cry, havock, where you fhoiild hunt with modeft warrant," Coriolanus, 3. 1. ..- .— femperque recentes Conve&are juvat praedas, et vivere rapto. Virg. j£n. 7. ■ J-lr Hasil Hazel. Hafil in Arabic is produce, fruits of any kind, fuch as corn, nuts, &c. &c. £)• J ( U(^ hafil kurden, to acquire or colled fruits, profit, advantage, &c. hence comes our word hazel-nut. , > ♦♦ ( 62 ) . hob bi hafyl, fruitlefs, liazellefs, with- out hazel, in Perfian. jj? Huzar Huzan Huzar in Arabic is flxenuous, warlike ; Houifard is a Polifh and Hungarian horfe- man, a great pillager, very daring and more ufeful in prompt expeditions, and detached parties, than pitched battles'. This fort of trooper was perhaps carried into Perfia at the invafion of that country by the Goths. [5 )f Houri Hure, germajst. W -, ENG. The virgins of Paradife are wretchedly degraded out of their own country, and from that diftinguifhed and immaculate ftate, which they are fuppofed to preferve for the faithful believer, are become in name at lcait common, and impure. All pre- tentions to chaftity in title are loll in two places ( 63 I places on earth, and in the language of Paris, Nomine Virginitas faltem eft libata, vel illud Quod falva potuit virginitate rapL if\& Khass Cafa, tf\& (/'/**• Serai khafs, the inner apartments. \f^ "*/? Kfejreti khafs, a fecret retreat. In the inner apart- ments the women in the Eaft are kept out of fight. The Hebrews called their young unmarried women motyn becaufe they were concealed from public view. The Greeks had an upper room ^oCkOi^ov VTTegcpov, where the women dwelt by themfelves. Amralkeis compares vir- gins fitting at home to eggs in a neft. See Reiike, quoted in the notes of Lette, p. 188. A maid in Arabic is called ( 04 ) called alfo j)J\ **&*' beyzetuThezer, the egg of timidity. jZ+)f Khormend Gourmand. Father Angelo afks, whether Gour- mand does not come from this Perlian word. Unhomme d'efprit qui avoit voyage dans Torient envoya cette derivation aux jefuites pour etre inferee dans leur di&io- naire de Trevoux. *f Kherge Charge. Carge is a bag or wallet made with two pockets to lye acrofs the horfe, in Latin hippopera, Anglice faddle-bags, from whence the Englifli word charger may have been derived. "*ja7 Khetwet Gait. Our word comes from the Arabic plu- ral Ja^ khety, through the Portuguefe geyto, ( 65 ) geyto, which they pronounce foft like a jim. )J? Khada God, Goda is God, and good, in Saxon, and palTes through all the Teutonick diale&s in both fenfes with certain variations. ♦ yU 7 Khymer Chimere, Chinjere, now iimar, from the French iimarre, was a veil, or covering. At the bottom of the title page of the fe- cond edition of Richard Jugge's 4to Bi- ble, is reprefented a minifter bare-headed and habited in a fort of chimere, preach- ing to a fmall audience of men and wo- men. ♦ "JJ* Khamlet Camlet, Camlet is filk and camel's hair, or all f filk ( 66 ) filk or velvet. It is now made of wool and filke y w Khenjer Hanger. Khenjer in Perfian is a dagger or a poignard, w^ Khub Chubby, Chub is fair, beautiful, applied by us to a fat-faced child, or infant. Kha is foftened in our pronunciation, of which we have an inftance in rb hherge^ charge* + \/J & Khabhhane, Cabin. Khabgah Khabkhaneh I take to be the origin of our word cabin, or cabane in French, meaning a bed-chamber, or place to fleep in. Hafez, as published by Revizky, and Richardfon, p. 41, 1/74, employs this ( 67 ) this word in two beautiful lines. ♦♦ Herkera khabgahi aJeher ledon mesliti khakest, Gou die hajet he her effiaki keshi eivanra. Every one's laft cabin is two handfuls of earth : Say, what occafion is there, to extendi their palace to the heavens. Horace fays the fame thing. " Molem propinquam nubibns arduis." Odeiii. 2Q. 10. Tu fecanda marmora Locas fubipfum fumis, et fepulchri Immemor, firms domos. Ode iL 17, 18. v 2 )f ( 68 ) j£r Khur Cur. Korre, dutch, Cur is abject, contemptible. Cur in Englifh is a name of reproach for a man* and a worthlefs degenerate dog of fmalj value, 4/^ Khurd Curd. Curd in Perfian means meat or vic- tuals. Coagulated milk was the firft fubfiftence of men in a flate of nature. )j? khurd in Arabic is to fix, or concrete. Lj? Khurdel to divide into fmall parts, jufi as milk is when coagulated, \$*j? \&£? Khosha Khosha Cos! Cosi. Khofha khofha in Perfian is well, very well, juft fo ; which, the Italians have caught by the ear, and made cosi cosi. iff? j) der khofhi in pleafantry, £*£ goodnefse ( 6 9 ) (/£ Khui Cue. Khui, manner, cuftom, mode, hu- mour. Cue in Englifh is humour, tem- per of mind. We fay, " he is not in a good cue." The Persians, " that he is in a bad one," (jjr > bad khui. Here are two Englifh words together. &1& Khelah Clay. Clai is Welfh, and kley Dutch, arid khelah Perfian. The fame word goes all through the four languages. £ I j Dagh Dagger. ^J/Jlis f)) Dagh fhuden, I am wounded. The original word is npn dakar to flab, and transfix ; dagh in Per- fian is a wound, or fear made with a dague, or poniard ; daga, daggerius, da- gardum, in the Latin of the middle ages, F 3 i-h ( 70 ) ?\ % \ $ Dayilih Dark • Dayikh in Arabic is dark (night) ; in Saxon deorc, not light. , h Behl Dell. Dehl is a cavity or hole in the ground dug for colledling water. The Englifh dell or dale is alfo a pit or hole, " dingle or bufhy dell ;" " In dells and dales concealed from human light/* Tickell. Behl is Arabic. :&y Dokhter Daughter. This word ^^ dokht or &^ dokhter is very ancient, but by what channel the Perfians got it may be difficult to deter- mine. Its perfed agreement with the German dochter deferves attention. We find ( n ) find it frequently ufed by Furdoofee^ the father of Periian Poetry, who fays, [&/*&*) <&£> tf -*tyV. Which Sir W. Jones thus elegantly \nd literally translates : " There Manizha, daughter of Afrafiab, Makes the whole garden blaze like the fun. Sitara, his fecond daughter, fits exalt- ed like a queen, Encircled by her damfels, radiant in glory, F4 The C n ) The lovely maid is an ornament to the plains : Her beauty fullies the rofe and the jafmine." See Flowers of Perlian Literature, p. 140. Ty Der Door, Der is a gate, or a door; jy t*J)/ £**S % der bift£ kurden, to fhut the door, or literally, to make the door fall ; £\yj jy der zeden, to knock at the gate ; XJfi kefeli of comfort ; «^ jj^ berou beder, go to the door, depart. Berou is the imperative of ruftun> and beder, as we fay, to doors, out of doors ; \yj*o fudder, is the name of a Pfeffian book ; the word fignifies, a hundred doors or gates, to knowledge. )J> ( 7* ) jyj Durd, Dred Dreg, Dred or dreg, from whence came alfo *rpv%, which is in Greek lees. kousq Tgvycc y/iXo; sgeflwv. Theocr. Id. 7. 70, Drinking to the dregs. Thus from the Chaldee onn we have meturgeman, interpreter, turgeman, Ara- bic ; drogueman, Turkifh ; trucheman, French; and truckfter, Englilh. Dr in dree, and by the infertion of the vowel, derry, comes from tree ; in Greet it is fyvQ. j>j) Derem Dram. Dram is immediately from the Arabic direm, without palling through the Greek vg&xfAYi or the Latin drachma. j &Vj Dasthir Dex t er. ( n ) L>)j <>y Da ed dunya Da. Da is give up, throw away the world ; LUt! ^ we ehmilha and abandon it. Ha- fez, Ode I. The word eddunia is ufed on the Cu- fic coins perpetually ; Soliman the firft, anno 467, Chr. 1074, is called the lhadow of God in the world. /♦/>"j V^' *■** * Ghiyat eddunia weddin, the fuccour of the world and religion. See Adler's Tychfen, p. 8718, Tntrod. in RemNum- mariam, 1794. j$) Difter &i$begoc. Difter a book, or roll, a journal fo named from the fkin on which it was written. The Ionians, Herodotus tells us in his Terpfichore, or 6th book, ac- cording to ancient cuftom, called books, fkins, ( 75 ) fkins, becaufe, for want of papyrus, they were obliged to ufe fheep and goats fkins, and within my memory (adds the hifto- rian) many barbarous people continue the practice, i. e. many foreign nations. The Greeks and Romans gave the name of barbarous to all who were not Greeks and Romans, and the Arabians call all not born Arabians by the name of A that is, Perfian, barbarian ; the word larbara in Sanfcreet means barbarian. Wilkins. ♦^sJj Delfin Dolphin. The Perfian authors of high antiquity fay, that the delfin will take on his back perfons in danger of being drowned, from whence comes the fable of Arion. The word is derived from *]H liillare fluere, delf ; becaufe the dolphin was con- sidered as the king of the fea, and Nep- tune ( 76 ) tune a monarch reprefented under th£ image of this fifh. Dolphins were the fymbols of maritime towns and cities* See Spanheim> 4to. p. 141. ed. 167 1. / ylj Demos ospotg. Demas in Greek is a living body, in Arabic, the clothing of a living body, or man s clothing. Tebrizi explains clothes to mean that which they cover. Khalsani colli men colhekd. €€ Difengage my veftments from your veftments;" that is, Break the veil of friendfhip, or the heart, which we mu- tually wear as a garment. v Cf. Lette, p. 184, in carmen Amralkeis. ' ( 77 ) Deneb Deneb, Deneb or dunub is a tail in Perilan, We are acquainted with this word from the ftar in the tail of the lion, and it is mentioned here to Ihow that the tail of the wolf, ,*/U-J) w^ dhanbo* ferhani in Arabic is the d^i^vxYj vv% and 'hvKQtpteQ of the Greeks ob colons fimili- tudinem, and alio the French proverb* entre chien et loup, that is, infra horam vefpertinam. See Jeremiah, cap. v. 6* For the wolf of the evening. tfh Dendan Dens, Dendan, a tooth in Periian. The laughing tooth is the tooth Ihown in laughing, and the faw made of ferpents* teeth is a very fharp faw. i\)^>) j\$ */ errei mar dendan. " Sharper ( 78 ) Sharper than a ferpent's tooth/* Shakspeare. }) Du Duo. Lj Did Deuil. Dul is a widow. Meninlki. The French may have borrowed their expref- fion of deuil from the Arabic one for wi- dowhood, a ilate of mourning. Widows in France are allowed money for their dole or widowhood. See Trevoux. w#m Dulah Dole. Dulab is a water bucket, and a turna- bout in the walls of monasteries, hofpi- tals, and lazarettos, into which people put, on the outfide, victuals and necefla- ries, and then, turning it on its axis, leave them be carried off by thofe within. Whence we may have had our phrafe of to dole ( 7Q ) dole, and livery-dole at Heavitree, near Exeter, ej Dd Da. Da is the imperative of /♦nJj daden, to give. ^J«) Dik Dyke. Dik in the Perfian language is a pot, or kettle, a veiTel of content. In Saxon die, and Erfe diik ; in Englifh a recepta- cle for water, a fort of earth pot, dik si- faUn, or ditch, „£/f .♦} Dimjat Damietta. Dimjat is the Taft/afl/? of Stephanus Byzantinus, called by the feventy tcc^vocq from tahpanhes in Jeremiah, cap. n. v. 16. Tahpanhes omsnn was a principal city in Egypt, Daphnae Jelufiacce, where Jere- miah was Honed by the Jews, according to ( 80 ) to an ancient tradition mentioned by St Jerom. Here we fee how Tahpanhes was pronounced by the Seventy, the ori-p gin of its prefent form in Latin. Dim- jat got the name of Pelufium from the mud of its foil, which is flill of the fame nature. \fi Dzera Zera. Zera a thing of nothing, a thing fcattered by the wind ; in Italian zero from the Arabic. I j RuIq Robbing, Ruba is the participle of *Mj>~ j rubiden, to rob, or carry off by force ; ty \) dil ruba, robbing the heart : tj /V/^-^ ft" man ruba, robbing the head, or intellect, taking away the wit, or underftanding in Perfian. The ( 81 ) The word ruba is the third Angular of the verb rubar in Italian. Chi ruba un corno, un anello, Un cavallo, e fimil cofe, a qualche difcrezione, Et pud chiaraarli un ladroncello ; Ma chi ruba la riputazione, Et dell' altrui fatiche fi fa bello, Si puo chiamarfi un affaflino e ladrone* I quote this paflage from Berni's Or- lando Inamorato Rifatto, to point out Shakfpeare's imitation, or plagiarifm, without being able to fhow that Berni exifted in Englifh in our poet's time. Who Heals my purfe, fteals trafh,^ Othello, A& iii. Sc. iii. p. 520, Ed. Stevens. \*Sj Rabyt Rabbet, To rabbet is to pare down two pieces of wood fo as to fit one another. Rab- g bet, ( 82 ) bet, a joint made by fb paring two pie- ces ; and is derived from rabot in French, a plane, which is a Periian word that fignifies a ligature, any thing binding, conne&ing, regulating. ^^ U^l J^ ly The cement of friendship. w^ Rah Rob. Johnfon was right when he faid ha believed rob to be Arabic. *-^'; an ^ ^^j in its firffc fenfe means to thicken, fpiiFavit, infpiflavit, and the abftrad: in Englilh infpiflated juices ; for when the infufion is evaporated to a thick con- fluence, it becomes a jelly, rob, or ex- tract , yyuj Rebs Ribes. Rebs is goofeberries in Arabic. ( 83 ) /j^j Ruls Rub*, Rubs is the plural of rebs, and means calamities, uneafinefs, in our fenfe. " ay, there's the rub." SHAKSPEAREo olj Raba Robber. Caftellus refers us to the fifteenth Verfe of thefeventh chapter of St .Matthew for the fenfe of this word where we have Tivzoi OLftwctysQ rapacious wolves. The Germans call a conqueror eroherer, of which, to their coft, they know the French to be the greateft in the worldo ^Jj Ref .| Reef: Ref in Perfian means a book-prefs, or tablets, fo in Englifh ; a ledge, or fhelf of rocks, a ridge riling higher than the reft ; alfo a fail reduced by drawing the g 2 reefs ; ( 84 ) reefs ; alfo a ruff, or puckered linen. See a Sermon preached at Whitehall, 1607, 4to. 1615, call the Merchant Royal, ^ With plumes, fans, a filken vizard, with a ruffe like a faiL" JSj ReM Rocked. Rekd in Perfian is going to bed, fleep- ing ; rocking is procuring fleep. pi j Eegu Rag* Regu is clout, patch, or piece of old cloth in Perfian ; in Greek pxxoc, a tat- tered garment. [j Runa Runic. Runa is a found, efpccially a muflcal found ; rana is to make a jingling noife ; from ( 85 ) from this word comes £)K/* mirnan, in Arabic, a bow that twangs. II. «. v. 49. The runic poetry was fo called be- caufe it left a vibration on the ear, from its meafured cadence like a bow. (/> j Rindi Brindiii, Of the Periian word rindi, a drink, the Italians have made brindiii, as if brindi-ii, drink, yes drink, your health, to you. O Hafez, drink wine, and be drunk, and be cheerful, but make not, as others do, a falfe fnare of the Koran, The firft verfe ends with the disjunctive J> weli. G 3 w «; ( 86 ) w^y Rub Rubbed. Rub, the contracted participle of ruften, to rub or fweep. w^J U Khakirub is a broom from khak, earth, and rub. Guer chenen jelwe Jmned. If fuch delights he would bellow, &c, KhaMrub der meikhane kunemi mezsh^ ganra* ' I would make a broom of the hair of eye-brows for (his) drinking- room, (Jb^^j Rustai Rufticks. Inhabitants of villages ; \~*}j rufta is a village in Perfian. ft* ( 87 ) U5*£/ Roshana Roxana* Rufhana, light, fplendor, marcafite, or fire-ftone, and the name of one of the queens of Alexander the Great, called by the Greeks Roxana. fjj Rhoom Room. Rhoom in the Ava language has the fame meaning as in ours, and fignifies fpace or a hall in which juftice is admi- niftered. See Svmes's Ava. In the Ma- lay language .^41 rooma alfo fignifies a houfe, room, or apartment. Vid. Howi- fon's Malay Di fecond khalif of the houfe of Abbas, which nobody on entering might touch with their feet. Sul is alfo one thing laid under another, as leaves under fruits to keep them frefh* X*» Sine Sinus . ♦♦ Sine the breaft in Perfian. s^Jj^i^ Sharif Sherif. Sharif in Arabic is noble, or one that is foon to be ennobled. In Saxon fherif is the fhire reeve, or county fteward. ^Li^ Shiar Shirt. Shiar is an inward veil in opposition to y\m dithar, an outward garment. Mohammed ( 95 ) Mohammed called the inhabitants of Me- dina his inward garment, or fhirt, all other men his outward. Thus Tamer- lane addrefles the foldiers of Bajazet, to perfuade them to revolt, you are to me fhiar. Hill. Tamerlane, Arab, p. 242. j^K^y is a poet, from fhaar, to know poefy intimately, as an inward garment. The French fay, Je le connois comme ma poche. AS*£s Shaul Shawl. Shaul in Perlian is a mantle of wool worn by the dervifhes ; a cloak made of lilk and goats -hair. \ / J!is Sherab Syrup, w^ f^bs Shurb Shrub. Shurb is drinking, any thing drank. Dr. Johnfon calls Ihrub a cant word in Englifh, but it is as good Arabic as Sy- rup or Sherbet. ,£^ SjJbs Sherabat Syrups. >*l^ rJiS Shurbet Sherbet. Sherbet in Arabic fignifies a draught of water ; and a fyrup of lemon, or orange ( 97 ) orange juice, mixed with water and fugar. IfeC**" Shehal Jackal. JU^ Sheghal From this word Menage derives cigala in Italian, on account of the piercing cry, common to both animals, and very appli- cable to the Italian infecft, which Ariofto and the poets of his country hold in fuch execration. I have already referred to the Greeks in another article where the eternal chirpings of the cigala are equally detefted. The jackal, in Hebrew tyttf Seol, is a gregarious animal and hunts in troops. It was with three hundred of thefe that Sampfon fet fire to the corn of the Philiftines. Ovid mentions an an- nual cuftom obferved at Rome, which is of the fame fort, and was founded, as he fays, upon an accident. This may at h leaft ( 98 ) leatt ferve to fhow, that the idea of foxes with fire-brands fattened to them is not fo extraordinary as to drive us into a new* explanation of fhocks for foxes, and extremities for tails, which will by no means hold, unlefs the fheaves could be fent, as the foxes were among the corn, rbw>) and he fent. See a writer in the works of the learned, 17 10, April. Carfeoli, where the jackal fet the corn on fire was a fmall town of the Peligni, of which Sulmo, the capital, was Ovid's birth-place ; here he learned this ttory, of which Carefoles in its name perpetu- ates the memory, by® ^? Kara feol, city of the fox* But I by no means think, fays Calmet, that a fingle event of this fort could have been the original of a great feftival in the circus, an event which hap- pened in an obfcure town, recorded in the regitter only of an inconilderable place. ( 99 ) place. Perhaps, the exhibition of the foxes with lighted fire-brands on their backs on the laft day of the Cerealia, was in commemoration of the extirpation of the fox, that had done fo much mif- chief to Ceres in other places, as well as at Carfeoli. Be this however as it may ; Rome was not the only city in which animals on fire were exhibited at a particular feflival of the year. See the defcription of the dJL^ w ^jk^ fhubi faza, nox rogorum, in Arabic, ^^ ) J But Carfeoli was but 50 miles from Rome, and fo great an evil could not be commemorated with too much often- tatiom J£ S finger Sugar. Shuger is Perfian, and fhuker is Ara- bic. Johnfon fays, fomewhere in his works, that fugar is the moft infipid of fweets ; but the Turks are hardly of this opinion, ( 101 ) opinion, when they call their favourite women by the endearing name of fukar birpara, that is, a bit of fugar ; bir one, para piece. See Vaughan's Turkifh Grammar, p. xviii. Preface. The Per- sians, like the Turks, are remarkably fond of fugar, and frequently apply it to their miftrefles : thus they often fpeak of their damfels as being pofiefTed of J^s .♦|U fhuger lebaun fwcet lips, or as having ^/y^J^ ,*h) duhun fheereen fweet mouths. Vid. Jones's Grammar, p. 85. Dorothy, Countefs of Sunderland, one of the head-pieces in the 4 to edition of Waller's Poems was the true SachariiTa ; the one at Windfor is another Countefs of Sunderland, daughter of George Lord Digby, and daughter-in-law to Dorothy, who gave her own portrait by Vandyek to Waller ; Dorothy was daughter of Robert Sidney Earl of Leicefter, wife of Lord Spencer of Wormleighton, a minor, ii 3 ( 102 ) Shemshir Scimitar. Johnfon fays fcimitar is erroneoufly fpelt, and ought to be cimiter from ci- mitarra in Spanifh, Here we have a proof that our word comes ftr^it from Perfia, and not from Spain. »ft^ Shud Should, Shud is the third lingular of the pre-* fent tenfe of the potential mood from the verb $J^&s "to be. It is remarkable that in the compound preterperfe#, the Perfians exprefs our I have been, by I am been ; ^ ts+J^ fhudeh am ; juft as the Italians do by their fono ftato ; in French j'ai ete. The idiofyncrafies of the Perfian and Arabic, compared with other languages, would make a tracft of itfelf: fuch as ^*J&y tugalet, your umbrella, or the umbrella ( 103 ) umbrella of you. Thus in the Greek, TvfiOLVvoe YiV troT, oiXkoc vvv hv7^Y\ *u? ^U^ azaub fad, is extreme pain. \>j£ Zart Crepitus, a pofteriori. Zart is an Arabic word. ^^ Zarafy Zerif Carafe. Zaraf is a fkin to carry water in. The Arabians have alfo ^j5 karaf or keref, a bag to carry pickled meats in. "j^ Zurfet Surfeit. Surfeit in our language is generally derived from fur and fait over done, but furfait in French is an old word, which means another thing, as crime, forfait, &c. Zurfet in Arabic fignifies too much of any thing ; abundance of wealth, em- barras de richefles. - ( io6 ) X^ Suit Subfultus. The Arabic fult is preferred in the compounds fubfultus and infult. Suit is the leap of g, horfe. 3y»a Sqfi Sophift or Soph. Sofi has no derivation but from fof, wool, iri Arabic, or fofa in Perfian. Greek XoQoq implies a philosopher, or wife man. In Turkifh and Perfian, it is a Dervifh, or Fakeer. Several kings of Perfia have afTumed the name of Soil from Ifmael in 1500, who belonged to the order of der- vifhes, or fofis, and founded the dynafty which poffeffed the crown till Nader Shah ufurped it in 1736. It is a vulgar error to fuppofe, that all Perfian monarchs are neceflarily called fofis. /^ fyfr Cypher. Sjfr is Arabic. ( 107 ) ;fU Salata Sallad. Salata is Arabic. This word is or- dinarily brought from fale, et Salgama in Aufonius's Epigram, herbs and fruit drefled with fait and vinegar. Epi- gram, 125. jJb Tas TaiTe. Tas in Arabic and Pcrfian is a cup or goblet, to which the Arabians compare the vault of heaven, that refembles a de- prefled arch. ^ Tele Tapes. The word Tebe, ufed by many nations, is affigned by Henry Stephens, in his Traft de Latinitate falfo fufpecla to the Perfians, c Nonnulla funt vocabuW There are fome words which the Greeks have borrowed from the Perfians, or other foreigners, the Romans from the Greeks, and ( 108 ) and we from the Romans* among which our tapis is allowed to be one* Tebe is a carpet with pile on one fide only, Am- phitaba (not amphitapa, becaufe the Per- sians taba per btapete vocant) ex utraque parte villofa tapeta. We have in Luci- lius, lib. i. p. 25. fol. Pfilae atque amphitapae villis ingentibu' molles. Pfilae carpets with pile on one fide, amphitapa on both. Vid. Reland de Samaritanis, p. 39. y\Ja Tirad Tiring. Tirad is a man who tires the patience of his hearers by a tedious delivery* From the Arabic kterr, fecuit,fc. faccum- burfarn, comes j\Jb terrar a cut-purfe* Jb Signifies alfo compulit, he compelled, or drove together, he infefied, he at- tacked, V 109 ) tacked, which is the meaning of the Greek word rsigu. rj[Jb Tyriak Treacle. In Greek Sngioixa. J& Tylsem Talifman. Talifman is a magical image, on which are engraved letters, and myftical characters, as charms againft enchant- ments in Arabic. fj& Talc Talc. Talc, a fpecies of fofiil arranged under the magnefian earths. The Venetian talc is not fo called becaufe it is found in the Venetian territory, as it is rarely met with in that country, and the Mufcovy talc of which the ancients made their windows inftead of glafs, abounds in the illand of Cyprus. See Seneca, Epift. p. 500. ( no > 500, y* l. 8vo» Yar. 1619* with LipfWs Comment. hjb Tooti Tooting. ♦» Tooti is a parrot, a bird who (peaks by rote. The coxcomb-bird fo talkative and grave, That from his cage calls cuckold, whore, and knave, Tho' many a paffenger he rightly call> You hold him no philofopher at all. Jj ,hy Tooti- var is parrot like* To toot, verb aftive, means to make inarti- culate founds with the mouth like a learner on the flute. This writer fhould wear a tooting-horn. HOWEL. I call ( 111 ) I call to go a fhooting, Long wand'ring up and down the land, With bow and bolts in either hand* For birds and bullies tooting. Johnfon explains it by P r }i n S an( ^ peeping, which can hardly be the mean- ing ; it is true indeed, that a hunter, that is beating the bullies, pries and peeps, but that does not exprefs the action of tooting. , J^ Tul Tall. The Arabic fenfe of tul is the fame as tall in Englilh, or t&l in Welih. 9 /Vp Anik The Neck, Anik comes to us from the Arabic without palling through the Greek, as thus, anik, neck, the ain being dropped. The ( 112 ) The Greeks not liking ocvvrJX tranfpofed the laft letters and made OLvyjf\v. This fort of metathefls is not without example, when foreign words were to be intro- duced into the languages of Europe* Thus dipuc of the Bramins made cupid of the Latins. It cannot be faid here that the miftake is owing to the mode of writing, as in Perfian and Arabic, where V?IX forwards is yr\v backwards ; lince in Shanfcrit they write from left to right like Europeans. CJX/* Urliwi Mufti urhun, fly fungus. I have little doubt but that our word mufhroom has been formed from the Arabic, by prefixing mouche after the French moufcheron, fignifying a knat, or fmall fly, found on fungufes, as well as the fungus itfelf. ( 113 ) JaP Atar Ottar, odour. The moll expenfive perfume in ufe at this time in the Eall, is the pure eflential oil, or thick fubftance called iP J& ottar gul, or odour of rofes, more precious than gold. See Aliatic Refearches, vol. I. p. 332 ; and there Colonel Polier. Alfo Periian Mifcellanies, p. 42. This oil, as I have been informed by Sir Hugh Inglis, and to whom I owe the remark, is of a green colour, and has a greenilh call, for which reafon the epithet pjn virens is given by the Pfalmifl to the oil with which he lays, he lhall be anointed, that is, with the finell perfume ; and fo the word is rendered by Arias Montanus in his interlinear yerlion, oleo viridi, by the Septuagint oleo pingui, sAsw nsriovi. The word green is therefore perfectly correct, and flioiild be underftood' literally, and i not { 114 } not as Harmer propofes to do, metaphor^ cally. See Harmer, voL II. p. 204, 5, 6. Pfalm xciL 10. Bowyer's Conjedures, Appendix, Mark xiv. 3. *"s"J& Afreit A fright. Afreit in Arabic is a giant, or de- mon, or imaginary fpe&re of a horrible appearance* ^yk Amud Humid. Amud is moift, wet ground, in Ara- bic ; which, in Englifh, by afpirating the guttural ain makes humid. Umum Common* r** Umum common, univerfal. & as guttural a frequently takes the found of i, 6, or u, which firongly afpirated makes umum and common found alike. Umum is Arabic, that has borrowed very little from the Latin. ( 115 ) Aik is the fea fhore in Arabic, and the fame thing in Greek. Virgil and Cicero have Latinifed it ; the former in JEn> v. v. 6l 3, At procul in fola fecretae Troades a&a Amiflum Anchifen flebant, itantesqiie profundum Pontum adfpe6tabant flefttes* Here you have flebant and flentes, but the ancients were generally very nice in this particular, as might be eafdy fhewm Horace, however, is fometimes caught in a jingle, which he could hardly have ap* proved. Carmen, Sec. ii. 63. Qui falutari levat arte feflbs Corporis artus* *Xp Yket Thicket* Yket, a grove, or thicket in Arabic, 1 2 becomes ( n6 ) becomes Englifh by prefixing the article the yket, thicket. ♦ ^p Ain Eyne. The original Arabic word is preferved unchanged in eynei the obfolete plural of eye. \^ /^ *#> if* ft Dolt thou fleep unmindful of me, (away from me) whilft the Itars arc awake; whilft the eye of the ftar watches. Najmon of the liars with J I prefixed, denotes the Hyades. f* najama means to appear, and rife, like J? dhahara, and *At? talaa. The verfe is interrogative, but I is omitted before the firll word on account of the metre. The line quoted above is not unlike a palTage in Coluthus de Raptu Helena?, v. 34, ( 117 ) 3 4, who employs the fame fort of imagery. 'AffTSgSC VXVUQVGl XOti €V CKOZeXOKTIV !&V£t * 'Acrrs^f oLvTsXhovai, xoct ov tarrtXwogcroG ix&vet. Coluthus lived at the end of the fifth Century and the beginning of the lixth, under Analialius, at Lycopolis in Egypt, and Hofain with the title of ,^/^ was yizir or counfellor to Mafud"Ebn Mo- hammed of the Seljucidae at Maulil in Mefopotamia, in the year 5 1 5 of the He- jira. The fecond verfe of the Arabic is, ■ Thou art changed, but the colour of the night is the fame." See Pococke's note. The Greek is, " The liars are fet, and he Hill loiters among the rocks ; the liars are rifen, and he is not vet come back/' The refemblance of Arabic to Greek and Latin occurs in a variety of inliances, i 3 of ( 118 ) of which the following are worthy of remark : " I approached him that I might requefi of him a torch, or fire to fupply v$y focus, or kindle mine from his fire," Aflembly i. of Ebno'l Hariri, the fon of a filk merchant. See his name at length in Schultens and Chappelow. Homo qui Erranti comiter monflrat viam, Quafi de fuo lumine lumen accendat,, facit, Ennius, p. 297, 4to. Cicero prp Balbo, lib. de OiF. 3. Al-Bafri Al-Hariri lived from 446 to 516 of theHejira, of A. D. 1122. Aflembly at Sanaa, Trtegalon, orations or verfes delivered extempore from ra- gala pedibus aftitit, — — - in hora faepe ducentos Vt magnum, verfus di&abat Stans pede in uno. See ( H9 ) See Schultens, 4to, Franequer, 1731. Hor. S. 1.4. v. lo. The Arabians fay, penetrating through the Zend, never fails, in allufion to the pra&ice of rubbing fire out of an inftru- ment, called the Zend, viz. one piece of wood put into the hollow of another, which, by chafing is made fo hot as to emit fire. Zeradufht wrote a book, to which he gave the name of Zend, on the principles of the Pcrflan religion, inti- mating that the Zend or fire kindler was the true divine light, which defcended to him from heaven. Mohammed did the fame, and called the Koran, the I >X* tanzil, or heaven-defcended Kitab. Ghirhal Cribellum, j* Ghirbal a fieve in Arabic. Cribrum, cribellum. The diminutive firft appears to have been ufed by Palladius in the 3d i 4 Century. ( 120 ) Century. The Chaldee for fieve is *6:ny arbala afpirated gharbala. An Arabic poet, Caab Ben Zoheir, p, 9, 4to. Lugd. Batav. 1748. fays, that his njiftrefs Soad will not keep her word, but as a sieve does water. Kama temsoliVrnaTghirbal, j^ Gazaul Gazaul is an Arabian deer. See John- fon and Spanheim, p. 156, 4to. 1671. de Nummis. J* Ghell Gall, guile. Ghell in Arabic is hatred, envy, ma~ levolence, fraud, and treacherv. In Per- Man we have ip > without guile. cfi ( 121 ) ks> Ghelehken Jalousie, Ghelebken a latticed window ; called in French architecture jalousie, formed by a vicious pronunciation of the Persian word making that foft which fhould be hard, as geleley, jalousie. Le maitre voit par line jalousie tout ce qui fe paflc dans fon ecole, le grand feigneur dans fon Divan. Diet, de Trevoux. Ip^p GJutgfta Gewgaw, A Persian word and equally an Ara~ bic, for noife, contefi, cry, fquabble, of little import, for trifles. y^p Gulu Gullet, gula. Ghul in Arabic is an imaginary 1} Ivan god or demon very ravenous, fuppofed to devour men and animals, appearing under the form of a ferpent, a dragon, or a wolf, ( 122 ) a wolf, and cheating and deceiving iq all ; hence, to gull or cheat. j, ^ Ghavier Cavern . Ghuweir in Arabic is a little cavern, from whence caverna may have ori- ginated. *£•& Fat Fate. (*)%. Faris, a Hoy^se Haras. Haras in French is a receptacle for brood-mares, a breeding-ftable ; and a horfe, or mare ; whence we derive our word for that animal. Fars in Arabic means Perfia, becaufe, after the time of Cyrus they became great horfernen, and their names terminated in afp, which fignifies horfe, as, for inftance, Darius, fon of Hyftafpes. See more in a curious note of Sir William Oufeley's on this fubject. Hyde, Relig. Vet. Perf. p. 303. Ed. ( 123 ) Ed. 1/00, de voce Ghefhtafp fignificante Fa£ius equo. ♦ v £ Fani Vain, ♦ ♦ Frail, tranfitory ; in Perfian we have £}\? ,J\b /^l this vainjihan, or world. ♦♦ Zyh Fortuneh Fortuna. Fortuna in Italian means a fea-lquall, burrafca di mare, after the Perfian for- tuneh. See Angel o's Gazophylacium. //*•)} Ferdaws Paradifus. Firdaws is a pure Perfian word. -r 3 Fereh Freuen fich, fich freuen. Fereh or freh in Arabic is gladnefs, cheerfulnefs, &c. and the Perfians have alio ^SsjJSs * ( 125 ) 3y Fuz Phyz* Fuz or fuzh with a J zha is the ori- ginal of phyz, a contraction of The Perfian word means the contour of the mouth, and is not fo infignificant as it has been reprefented. See Johnfom 2& Kazz Satan. Kazz is an Arabic word fignifying Satan, or the Devil, {iJ^J^ fheitan, and an Italian interjection. £)J% Kalan xotXov. Kalun means in Perfian fair, beauti- ful, as xaXov in Greek. It is alfo a fa- bulous ifland, where there is a caftle of {even metals, into which, whofoever en- ters, is immortal, and the firft planted tree in the world, with leaves as large as fhields, and bright as mirrors. ( 126 ) ^,15 Kohah Alcoba, Aicove. ♦ ♦ Kobab in Arabic is a vault, or cupolat, alcoba in Spaftifh, in Englifh alcove. It is alfo a tent, or recefs, as in Numbers, c. xxv. y. 8. And he went after the man of Ifrael into the tent, and thruft both of them through the man of Ifrael, and the ■woman through her tent. Where nnp and nrnp mean the chamber of the tent, and the chamber of the woman. The oriental languages delight much in this figure of paronoma(ia> when words of like endings have oppofite fenfes* Hi- mam, death; and hummam, bath. Kalad, Paradife ; and kalud, eternity. We do not find this play upon words often in Greek and Roman authors, though here and there an example will occur, as in Homer, Od. T. v. 565. Twv ( 127 ) T&v biph xehfaari Jia urgtarrov EAE Kyrym Crimea. The Tauric or Cimmerian Cherfonefe, J\p f-3 The Khan of the Crim. Tartars* +J$) ] f. The Euxine fea in Arabic. Kashish Cafcus. Cafcus in Latin is vetus, and the fame in the Chaldee, awp, the Arabic, and Of- k 2 can ( 132 ) can languages, rA^ j&$> Afl Athena afhara kafhifh, Mark appointed twelve Prefhyters with Hanania. See Eutychii Origines Ecclef. Alexandrine p. 2g> 4to> Londini, 1642. y Ket Cat. Ket is from the Arabic \£ ferving Well, as a domeftic, which is the chara&er of a cat. cP Cotton Cottofh US Kyfd Coif. Coif is the covering of the back part of the head, which in Arabic is kyfa, and in Englifh cuff through the French coeffe. Caftell has given cuff (coeffe, Johnfon) with cuff a blow, and in his dictionary writes \& pars cervicis, a cuffe colaphus* ( 133 ) ^few Kaftan Caftan. A robe of honour which Eaftern princes prefent to ambaffadors. ? Kelem Calamus, Kelem a pen, a reed, an Arabic word, the original probably of the Greek and Latin. ^_5 Kumin Chimney, Caminum. Koipuvog. Cammino. wU5 Kunab Cannabis, kennep. A tent- rope, a cord, a bow- firing, a name given to the plant which the Ro- mans twilled into ropes, borrowed evi- dently by the termination from a fo- reign language. Kunab is Arabic, k3 tfjd ( 134 ) (Jj3 Kandi Candy. Kaftdi, made of fugar. Sugared. John- fon fancies this word may come from candare, quafi candidare, to whiten, but the fweetefi fugar is not the whitefi but the browneft. lj$ Kendil Candle. Candil a lamp, lanthern, chandelier, or branched candlefiick ; Arabic. /^yiy Kuamin, A Canon, Kanun A Harp. Kanun a canon, rule, regulation, fta-* tute, or ordinance, in Arabic, Kawaniu harps, canons. tj^y Kiiknus Kvxvqq. Cygnus. Kuknus is the phoenix. In the Eaft this bird is faid to have fifty orifices in his bill, ( 135 ) bill, which are continued to his tail ; that after a thoufand years he builds himfelf a funeral pile, lings a melodious air of dif- ferent harmonies through his fifty organ- pipes, flaps himfelf with his wings till he fets fire to the pile, and confumes, in or- der to give birth to a young phoenix, which rifes from his afhes. The Greeks applied the mufical virtues of this bird to their favourite fwan, that is feen on a coin of Delos. As to his vocal powers, I fay, with ./Elian ; 'Eyw, Se ol^qvtoq xvzvov ovk rimcra,, ¥(, ( 150 ) J I Maned Manebat. Maned, the third perfon lingular of the imperfect of manden to remain. ifheFJiJcPr Nih&tt liei maned an razz How could that fecret remain con- cealed. Ode of Hafez, i. 1. 8, Mehejur der kulhehe ahzan az dar vu deyar mandeh. From family and friends remaining, feparated in the cottage of care, Anvar Soheili. >A Mahin Mainada, Mefnada. Mefnie. Menial. Mahin is a domeftic fervant in Arabic, from ( 151 ) from whence come the low Latin^ the French, and Englifli, terms for the fame thing. , j* { Mayis Mains. The month of May. Meninfki. See Father Angelo. \}f I Malenhholia Melancholly . An Arabic word from the Greek pjf* Mured Myrtle. Mourt. Myrthe. ^s^fS )j* Merdust Mor tuns eft j\)f* Merdar Merda, Merda in Latin means filth, dung, or- dure ; and merdar in Perfian fignifies im- pure, dirty, filthy, and is in all probabi- l 4 lity ( 152 ) lity the fame word* either carried into Ferfia* or brought out of it. J*** Mermer Marmor. Mermer is marble in Arabic, and '/*/* ijlrm^ fumak marmor is porphyry, or the hardeft fpecies of marble. The Greeks perhaps had their jua^fl^Of from the Arabians, and the Latins their marmor from the Greeks. C^^* Mest Muft. Muflum. Heft, one drunk with wine, in Englifh mull is new wine, '* About the wine-prefs where fweet mult is pour'd." Milton. ( 153 ) Zerandan mest purs. Afk of the drunken crew for the myf- tery behind the curtain ; of the toping drunkards. Hafez. ^> Mutir Mutire. Mutter. Mutir in Arabic is repeating often, > j J jj4 Merwarid Margarite . Merwarid in Perfian is a pearl found in an oyfter, J?UJJ >;'^v* Pearls of words. wXi^ Mushk Mufk. Mulk of Tartary, mufk of Thibet, a mulk of fuperior quality ; a Perfiah word, Feridun ( 154 ) Feridun was not formed of mufk and ambergris, but juftice and liberality : tLx* M/ta Extendit. From this word in Arabic comes 'Uk* ♦♦ a beaft of burden that is drawn along, or driven, and firetched out, as is a camel, in moving forwards. To Hale in Engliih lignifies the fame thing, s'etaler, to ftale, and is faid only of a horfe, qui ut urinam reddat, fe extendit, v. Hale in Shak- fpeare, ubi eft proftibulum. Jjl* Meant/ Meaning. Meany in Arabic lignifies idea, fenle, lignification. £\y Makhazen Magazine. Makhazen is a fliop with drawers, and fhelves. yl^UU! Mf A repository of fe- crets. ( 153 ) . w**J?lX*« Myglinatis Magnet. In Greek [xxyvririC' The magnet was faid to be firft found in Magnefia. Plin. 36. 16. Nicander reports that it had its- name from Magnes, who firft found it in Mount Ida. , ^J> Meles MsA#£. Meles the mixture of darknefs and light, the twilight. MsAa£ in Greek an- fwers to the Arabic word, and means black, dark, obfcure, ljk+ Malakon MocXccxov. Malakon is amor, blanditiae, love, footh- J ng, flattery ; any thing very foft, from rjb laevigare complanare, £* Milkha means pap for infants, or the fofteft food in Arabic, from whence comes the Greek, ( 156 ) Cj\:—}f* Mejusian Magicians. Mejjufi in Arabic is an adorer of fire, in opposition to> f ™* or mufulman, the true believer in the Mohammedan faith. )j* Muz Mufa. The plantain-tree is called mufa, of which the moft remarkable forts are mufa paradifiaca, or plantain, and mufa fapi- entum, or banana. lUp* Musa Mufe. A companion ; an eafy agreeable work ; monthly pay, in Perfian, The Englilh word mufe may mean all this, or not, as it fhall happen. ^J>^y+ Musif Mufing. Mufif making melancholy, in Engliili ftudying in filence. j^^y ( 157 ) j K&y* Musyhar Mufician . 3^y Musyky Mufic. j * J I a la mi re. f s-0 £) w ^ fa & e m ^ 2 ^J ^p Mush Moufe. Kirba sheer ust dur guriften mush; IAh mush ust dur musafpulung. The ( 158 ) The lion is a cat in catching a moufe ; But the moufe is a tiger in battle. See Sadi's Preface to Rofarium Politic cum, p. 34. Iff* Mamiya Mummy. Mummy is derived from *y* mum wax, which may lead us to the know- ledge of the compofition of a mummy* Mum is both Arabic and Periian. ■ ) / y+ Mihra Mira. Mihra is feeing, or he fees, in Perfian, as mira is in Italian. , L< Mil Mile. Mil in Arabic is milliare, or an inter- val of a thoufand paces* C ( 159 ) C Na He. Na in Perfian is a negative prefixed to verbs, and often incorporated with them. Thus in the fixth verfe of the fecond chapter of St. Matthew's gofpel, we have JL # y > tC^J a ^° thou, O Bethlehem of Judea; art not fmall in the kingdom of Juda. f Gum means abjecia, parva, perdita. The word t J*~+? is compounded of I and ju na and heitey a defective verb, to be, ufed now and then in a dig- nified way for buden. The particle ne is employed by Chaucer, and others ilngly, and by contraction in compound words as n'ifte for ne wifte, knew not, lingular. The Frankeleines Tale, 11340* Ed. Tyrwhitt. N'ifien for ne wiften, plural. 1048. The Squieres Tale. Thus alfo n ill for ne will ; will not. N' is for ne is, is not, is in the fame author, as eui C 160 ) as nift ^^v* in Perfian, non eft. U~ C -Afa &wa No fight. f * Weinet Black grapes. j4y ^ Waywade Waywode, Waywode is a governor in Arabic, a prince Palatine. The Poles call the princes of Wallachia and Moldavia, way- wodes, conlidering them only as go- vernors of Polifh provinces, elfewhere they are called hofpodars* M 4 Ji ( 168 ) Ji Hala Halo. Halo area circa lunam. Gazophy- lacium. ^^ Hebub Hubbub. Hubbub, a violent wind railing the dull ; from hebou in Arabic, a dull raifed and flying in the air. Johnfon fays, he does not know the etymology of hubbub! unlefs it be from up, up hobnob ! ^A Heft 'Effra. Septem. Seven. & Helia Helluo. Helia is a glutton, a greedy wolf, in the Persian language. * ( 169 ) <7 fi Ham Ay.a. Together, X~+A Hempister A boliler fellow, A bed fellow. The word is compounded of fi hem together, and Z^S' pifter a pillow, or bolfter. i\\jA Hemezan Amazon. Hemezan is a compound word, made up of heme all, and zen woman. This word was to the Greeks foolifhnefs, and a Humbling block, iince they looked for it in their own language, where it was not to be found. T owe this Perfiaii word to Mr. Wilkin s. A certain tale relates that the queen of the Amazons was vifited C 170 ) visited by a beautiful young prince (Alexander) whom fhe drew towards her with one hand, and pufhed from her with the other, as Hudibras fays, Cupid does his bow, that is, fhe received him, in other words, fuperciliouily with one eye, and invitingly with the other, altero ad fron- tem fublato, altero ad mentum demilTo fupercilio, JL Huner Honor. Virtue, fcience, knowledge, honor. ))/. ft Huneri perwer, a cultivator of fci~ ence, or foJfterer of virtue in Persian. (J 1, Henri Honor. Henry with the ye in Hafez, p. 65. edit. Richardfon, which has not the re- ftridive power of the article, but is merely paragogic, ( m ) paragogic, or added to make the lafi fyl- lable long, ij/s henri and not ^L Plrane ser behun henri nenl? u namra. Old age, time employed in honor, vir- tue, and probity, jyj Hur Huron. Hur the fun in Persian ; hurron in Arabic, generous warmth, ingenuus j hurron, a man of an ingenuous fpirit, Gjeuharri Lexic. It is a curious coinci- dence that Voltaire fhould have called his ingenu by the name of ingenu in Arabic, without knowing it, since he tells us that his hero came from New France, in North America, de la Huronie. )> %f Huveida Evida Evident. Clear, open, manifeft, confpicuous. ( 172 ) AL, Heikel EweXog, eixav. Heikel is a figure, image, ffcature, re- femblance, as in Greek. Kj Hola. Hola, an exclamation in Arabic; come then, come near, come along. , ♦ r ^l Jasmin Jeflamine. Jeflamin and jafmin are both Persian and Arabic. The Arabian jeflamine is called nyclanthes, becaufe the flowers open in the evening, and fall off, it has been faid, the fucceeding day ; but this is only the cafe with fuch flowers as are immediately under the influence of the folar rays. The arbor triflis, or firft fpecies of the nyclanthes, the pariaticu of the Bramins, grows naturally in the fands of ( 173 ) of Ceylon, and to the height of eighteen feet. > Yed Aid. Yed from T in Hebrew hand, means alMance, help, &c. in Arabic. Johnfon derives aie from adjutare. / m Yekli Ice. ^„ Yekhchi Ice-flone, or hail. A thaw is prettily defcribed in the *&\\ /y Behar Danufh, or Spring of Knowledge, of Einaiut Oolla, translated by Dow, and much better by Mr. Scot. Waters liberated from confinement bv the influence of the fun, ran to the cyprefs to relate the tale of their captivity . Britiili Mufeum, Coll. Hamilton, Plut. xxxvi. 5564. The fame author compares the brightness ( 174 ) brightnefs of ice to the silver of fifh, that is, to its fcales, which fhine like silver A f*^ feemimahi. Hail-itorms are not common in hot countries. During a fall of hail at Mafulipatam, the inhabi- tants gathered it up in their hands, but foon threw it away again, crying out that it burnt them ; and true enough, " The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs th' efFe6fc of fire/* Milton* ■f --- — penetrabile frigus admit.'* Virgil. In Arabic hail-flones are called the berries of a cloud, *} ^^lf hybab term. sZsg^y Yanliit Hyacinthus. Yuakit is a Perfian word, denominat- ing yarious gems, when ufed abfolutely, it ( 175 ) it fignifies the red hyacinth, or the ruby, to pour L,*J1 yjz^\y rubinos of red wine upon topazes of the field. The nymphs of Paradife are compared to Hya- cinths, See Wilmet's Dictionary of the Koran, p. 820. t K Yugk Yoke. This word runs through the Perfian* Creek, Latin, Dutch, Englifh, and Saxon, languages, &c. &c. &c. APPENDIX, APPENDIX, \f^/ % I Aberhahiya 9 A€agxv5i. fjj.) Abark, a rope of different co- loured hairs. ASocgxvoi in Hcfychius, is explained by xo^cc comam nutrit, ac- cording to the fcnie in which the Mace- donians ufe (xMaoxvx. Aberkakiya inPer- fian means a fpider's web, and to a large cob-web a bufhy head of hair may be compared. Ariflotle ufes touq §gl%iv or hairs for the threads of a fpider, p. 578, vol. I. fol. ed. 1590. Lugduni, and Xenophon in Sympos. Ipfte etiam >7PX S G dicuntur xopoiv in Philoftratus Epift. 25. Lycurgus's foldiers had a red n coat, < 178 ) coat, a brazen ihield, and a thick head of f hair, which made the handfome more beautiful, and the ugly more terrible* Xen. Spartan Republick, p. 686. foh 1624. Plutarch, Apothth. ^Jj\ Ark, Erk, Arx. Arok or erk, a caftle and its interior parts in Arabic ; the name of a caftle in Siphanto of Siphno. V&^l Askiyet Skies. Alkiyet in Arabic means watery clouds, from which our words iky and Ikies have probably been taken. Skies in Englifh, as in Arabic, %nify the wea- ther and the climate. We have in the Tempeft, p. 121. ed. Stevens, vol. iii. The queen o' the Iky, Whofe watery arch, and meflengef am L ( 179 ) JA*) Iskeni \ayiw. Ifch-bone. Ifkene in Perfian is the thigh bone, and icryjov in Greek is the fame word, from which ifch-bone, that is the bone next the hip, called edge-bone, each* bone, &c. &c. /> i/;V Alhadi azlem Albadi azlem. The author of mif- chief or evil in Perfian. See p. 4, XC-\ hhd* Echelle. Echelles a fea port in the Levant, fo called by the Turks. Ifkele is a port, or pier, built on piles in the Levant, hence echelle for a port, or harbour. Baron de Tot's Travels, p. 365, n 2 Ifkete ( 180 ) Ifkele is from fcala, or Heps on a pier for the eafe of landing and embarking. See Ancient Geography D'Anville, p. 201, ed.1791. ^UA^f Isfinaj Spinage. Spinage was introduced into this coun- try (Spinacia oleracea) in the year 1568, but it is not known, fay the herbalifts, from what country it was brought. The name, however, now tells the country. L yy«\ Eshwes Afkew. Elhwes is a perfon that fquints, and does not look ftrait, in Arabic* Jjtwf ( 181 ) ^J^l Astahd A liable. Aftabul is Arabic, and borrowed from (TTO&Xiqv in barbarous Greek. Vide Meurlii GlolTar. Graeco-barbar. ts\ Igla Higgle. Haggle. Igla means in Arabic, making dear, railing the price, buying dear, felling dear, Handing out for a better price. f\ Eger Tag. For, if, forafmuch as, in Perlian. The word is frequently contracted into y ger, in which form it perfectly agrees with the Greek. N 3 c>' ( 1*2 ) (♦/T An An. The pronoun an has the effect of the definite article in Perfian ^% ^jl an gul, the particular rofe. j)jf" fi i\fi an bade nimruz the noon day wind, whence comes the Italian word inbatto. The Koraun is called W $/ A *' almyfhef, the hook, by way of eminence. ,mJIH* Anagallis. Anagallis, Pimpernel in Perfiana > J Ens Lens, A lens, or glafs fpherically convex on feoth fides in Perfian* U?J$ ( 183 ) fttfj}) Awurchin Urchin. Urchin in Perfian is a fnail-itaircafe, fcala lumaca, fcala-cochlea ; applied by us to an animal that retires within himfelf. u Bala Papa, I L Papa Father, V V .yl Basun Bafon, Bafun is Hinduwee, Bezz Byflus. Bezz in Arabic is in Hebrew pa fine linen, or a rich garment, n 4 ( 184 ) ijf/ % Bricock Apricot, An apricot or bad yellow plum in Perfian. 4 &^ # Bishinj Bufinefs. Bifhinj bufinefs, employment, ftudy, in Perfian. ffy^ % Bulbas Bulbus. Wild onion. *,* Beia Buying, Selling. M)f **> Beia kurden, to traffic. i\}^) w**?* to : ^ ia ^ e hands on an agree- ment made ; to make liipulation. Arabic. ( 185 ) Best FafL Beft: is, he bound, in Perfian. -^-^ # j) /•N/ To make the door fait. We have our word from the German feft halten, faire ferme, to make faft, and the Ger- man from the Perfian, or vice verfa lis. \y Par Porus. Pur, a king in the dialed: of Hin- doflan ; whence the name King Porus, who was defeated by Alexander, jy oLi^ Shapor, the fon of a king. ){&*> Pishar. Water fhewn to a doctor. wV Peik Page* Peik, a footman, a meflenger, at- tendant in Perfian. J > ( 186 ) ^Jj* Tedac Piittacus. Pfittacus Eois ales mihi miflus ab Indis. Ovid. Vide ^Elian. de Anim. 1. xiii. c. 18. Tedac ihould be written with a fa f and pronounced fedac, fethac, Sittacus. $ee Reland. *y or JC y Tutegi or Tuj Tutenag, Tutegi is a coin once current, and tuj is copper. Tutenag is an ore of zinc containing from 6o to QO parts in a hundred of zinc, the remainder iron, and fame clay. Quaere, If there be a con- nection between thefe words in Perfian f nnd tuteoag ? w^* ( 187 ) S _^U/' Saleh Salop (aroon. ♦ Like wife called (/^ ^^Xx? ialeb Mifre; the falep of Egypt. &. Gel Gelid. £&L # , l? Gel or jul pafh, a fprinkler of water in Hinduwee. Perfundit gelida Hor. Sat. 11. 7. 91. Dedecus hoc fumta diflimulagit aqua. Ovid. The Perfians fay, /M>^; wl >w^; deft baub refaunden ; ventrem exonerare vel li ita dicam, polllavare, manum ad aquam ferre. >j *^t* ( 188 ) >* ^^\t Jema-ati ivited Wittena- gemot. Jema-ati wited, is an aflembly of the chiefs of a nation ; ^y s£s&\j? a Syna- gogue of Jews. "Wited in Arabic is a peg driven or fixed in a wall, keeping the building together like a cramp. u And I will faften him as a nail ( 1JV itad) in a fure place ; and they lhall hang upon him all the glory of his fa- ther's houfe." Ifaiah, ch. xxii. v. 23. >^ In Arabic is firm iter impegit palum. In the Koraun, Pharoah is called the lord and mailer of the nails, Sur. 38. 11. and 89. 3. The nails, that is, the no- bles, or pegs, which bind the building- together. See Harmer, vol. i. p. 191. Wittena-gemot, that is properly wited-gemot, was an aflembly of the whole nation in Saxon times. See Black- ( 189 ) Blackftone's Comment, vol. i. 405. The two words that compofe the Saxon term are Arabic, and have no nun in them, and were there a nunnation, it would make witedon, not witena, fince dal is a radical, and cannot be difpenfed with. C^/U Khaut A Kite. ^'\p Khatiye Perfian for an eagle. "X? Chainlet In the head of a bill draw r n up by Edward VI. with his own hand, 155 l f (though it never became a law) no one worth lefs than 200 or 2o/. in living certain, might w r ear chamblet. j^ Der Qvgot, Door. DeruTkhelafat, the gate or palace of the khalifs; zebani deri, the language of the ( iqo ) the court. Thus in Xenophon we read, Xovtsq S7r) TOtg §vgocc, or the king's gate, the porte, as in Either, ch. iv. v. 2. ft j Zonar Zona. A belt in Arabic worn round the middle by the eaftern Jews and Chriftians to diftinguifh them from the Mahomme- dans, by order of Khalif Motawekkel, A. D. 859. The Perfian Magi alfo wear it. (f\*) Zivas Zsvg. ; " 7j£VQ is the Perfian name for Jupiter. See Lexicon Perficum GoliL ^m^w/ Sablat Sabbath. This word the Perfians, no doubt, received from the Hebrews at a very early period, and not by the medium of the Arabic, ( J 91 ) Arabic, which might, at firft fight, ap- pear to be the cafe. It is common to many languages, as well European as Afiatic ; but all confefledly borrow it from the Hebrew. The Arabs like wife fay ^^J) *y^ yum us fabbat, the fab- bath day. wJ/*_^ Sitrab Sar^azTjf. 2#T£#;njc is a Perfian word now oh- folete. See Hefychius and Reland, p. 233. Diflert. viii. jsM mm0 ' Samander Salamander, In Arabic and Perfian. L* y^ 00 ^ Scamonea Scammony, In Perfian and Arabic, ( 102 ) U_ y Sena Sena (a tree). In Arabic. tffo Taus Tocu£. In Chaldee did. Taus in Persian is a peacock. iElian fays the peacocks came! from the Eaft, and of courfe their name with them. Samos abounded with thefe birds, which were brought hither, where Juno was principally worfhipped. JEl. de Animal, c. 21. lib. v. Li Feel Elephant. Phil, alphil, auphin, dauphin. See Twifs on Chefs. (A^ Kamees Chemife, fr. This word, which is Arabic, is, with- out doubt, the original of the Italian camicia, ( 193 ) vamkid, whence the French had their chemise, a shirt or shift. C amice in Ita- lian, is a priest's white garment. In low Latin we find camisia, a surplice* shirt, or shift. , +\ Ji Kir as Kirfche. Kirfche in German is the Arabic word. Kirfche wafler, cherry brand v. J Ku Who. y Is compounded of ^ J which makes the Englifli ivho *f the Persian re- lative pronoun, Vide Hinckelmannium Le6tori Benevolo before his edition of the Koraun, Ham- o burg, C 194 ) burg, 1694, where there are fome words not in this trad, as, \\p Ala, alere. tfj] Arafa, arare, ariih. y^y Naut, nauta. Sempt femita a ^i/J^ 00 ^ unde Zenith ^jS^s Siccin, fica culter. Taurus, thoor, jy IteiTera.^TI luiit alea. INDEX. INDEX, A. Arabic. p. Perjian. H. Hinduwee* Abode, p./ Aid, a. '''Axtoc, a. Albeit, p. Alcove, a. Algebra, a. A|ua,p. Amazon, p. Amere, a. tJU Amufe, p, 12* An, p. Anchor, p. Ity Angelica, p,/^ v A Annus, a. iz~ Anus, a. /J Area, a. G Apricock, p. Artichoke, a. & Aftrolabe, a, / #& Atlas, a. '0 Away, a. Babifh, a. (f~\ Bad, p. Balcony. Balfam, A. Barber, p. BttpglTQC, P- o 2- Barberry, iq6 Barberry , a. Butt, p. Baritoun, p. )$~ Buy. Bark, p* Buzzard, a. p. Barn, p. tl ByfTus, P, He GR Batello, p. Bear, p. C Beagk, a, Cabin, t* Better, p* Cable, a. Bib, a. Cack, p. Bicker, p. Cabob, a, Bill, p. C^dus, p. Bind, p* Cafe, a. Bittern, p. Coffee, a* Bolfter, p. Caitiff, a. Bound, P. Cak, p. Brindifi, ."p. Calamus, a. Brother, p e Call, A e Brow, p. 2- Calvus, p* Bvas, p. Camel, a* Bv€cc, a. Camlet, a. [tf Bubo, p. Candle, A e Buche, p* Candy, a. Bucket, A. Cannabis, a. Bugare, p. Canon, a, Burg, a. Carafe, a Bufs, p. Carbalus, p. Care, Care, p. Caravan, p. Carthamus, p» Cafa, a. Cafe us, a. Cafino, p. Cat, a. Cavern, a. Cawl, a. Chafe, a. Charge, a. Chary, p. £harta, a. Check-mate, p. Cheer, p, Xeig, p. Chemin, p. Chemiftry, p. A, Cherry, a. Cheft, a, Chick, p. Chimere, A, Chimney, a* Chin, p* Chink, p. Chip, p* ( w ) Chop, p. Chopine, p* Chofe, p. Chubby, p Circus, p.. Cipher, a. Clay, p. Clime, a. // Coif, A, Collis, a. Common, a, Cornu, a. Cotton, a. Cow, p, Cozicosi, p. Cribellum, a» Cricket, p. Crimea, a, Crocum, p. Cuckow, p> Cue, p. Cur, p. Curd, p. Cup, p. Cupping, p, Cygnus. p 9 o 3 Da, ( 198 ) EixeXoe, a. D Endued, p. ^ Da, p. Epithymon, p f /q Dad, p. 'Etttsc, p. Dagger, p. Era, a. $~ Damietta, A, y Egw(Aoe, a. y Dark, a. Evident, p. Daughter, p. Eyne, a. Dell, a, Aepotc, a. F Deneb, p. a. Fairy, p, Dens, p. Fate, a. Devil, a. p* 3 &SVVIS* p< Dexter, p. Fie, p. Aitpbegoc, p- A • Fire, p. if Dole, p. a. Foifon, p. Dolphin, p. Fortuna, p. Door, p. Frey, a. Dyke, p. Fright, a. Furnus, p. E Eating, A. fr G Ebony, A. 2- Gait, a. y E7X 8A/ ^ At tif Gall, a. 'Elx, a. ty Toivgoc, p. GazeL Gazel, A, Gcmel, a. General, p. Gentian, A, Genus, A. Gewgaw, p. a. Trj, p. Giant, p. a. Gibraltar, a. God, p. Tow, p. Gourmand, p. Gout, p. TVOCy A. Guerdon, p. Guerrier, a. Guile, a. Guitar, p. Gullet, a. H Halo, p. Hanger, p, Havock, p.. Hazel, a, Helenium, a>11 199 ) Hola, a. Honor, p. Hord, p. /if Horfe, p. Houri, a. Hubbub, A, Humid, A. Huron, a. Huzar, p. Hyacinth, p. I Jabble, p. Jackal, p. Jade, A. Jadis, a, Jaloufie, p. Jam, p Jar, a. Ice, p. Jecur, p, Jerb, p, Jeflamin, p. a, Incubus, A. Inks, A, /3 4 Joujou, ( 200 ) Joujou, P. Iter, a. Iterate, a. Jugum, p. Jumble, a c Juvenis, p« K Kalendas, p. KocXov, p. Kazz, A* Kermes, a. Kid, a, L Ladanum, .p. Lake, p. AZHUVYI, A. Lemon, p. Lethum, A. Lip, p. Liftlefs, A* Looby, A, M Ma, A. p. j%. Magazine, a. Magician, a. Magnet, a. Maid, p. MotTiOCKOh A, Mam, p. Manebat, p. Margarita, p. Marmor, a. Maund, a. May, p, Meaning, A. p, Meat, a. f Melancholly, A. MsA«ff, a. Merda, p. Mefnie, A. Mill, A. Mira, p. Mix, p. /2- Mortuus.eft, p. Mother^.?. Moufe, a. Mummy, ( 201 ) Mummy, p. a. Mufa, p. P Mufic, p. Muiician, p. Paart, p. Papa, p. Muling, a*. Paradife, i\ Mufk, p. Pas, p. Mull, p. Pater, v. Mutter, a. Paeonia, p. Myrtle. Pedlar, p. Peer, p. N Na, p. HzXot^yog, a. Pellet, p. Nar, a. Peniroyal, p. Narciffiis, p. Perifhed, p. Nard, a* Phial, v. Name, p. Nave, p. Phyz, p. Pie, p. Naulum, A. Piftachio, p. Ner, p. ttiog, p. Nefs, a. Prefter John, a. p Noxun, p, o Prieft, p. Pufs, II. Opium, A. /0 a Orange, a. vJ(o() .Quare.. Ottar, p* Tlaba. ( 202 ) Shawl, p. R Sherbet, a, Raba, f. Sherif, A Rabbet, p. Shirt, a. Rag, f. Should, p Reef, F, Ivhoom, AVA. MALAY. Shrub, a, Sigil, A, Rib.es, a. Sinus, p. Rob, A. p. Silk, a. Rocked, p* Smaragd, ?« Roxana, p* Soap, a. Rub, p.. Sol, p. Rubs, a. Sole, p. Runic, a, 2o Ionians, 72* Jugge, 64. K 1 Khofru, 21, Knight, 166. Koraun, 103- Lettc, 27. 74* Letter carriers, 8. Linnean Botany, 93. Lion and Moufe, 157« Little, 11. Lucian, 42. Lucilius, 108. Ludolph, 8. Jablonfki, 91. Jeremiah, 77. Jews, 17. Inglis, Sir H. 113. M Macedonians, 2. Malay language, 87- Manichasans. 25. Martel, < 208 ) Mattel, Charles, 5. Othello, 81. MarcianusCapella, 90. Oufeley, 96. 122* Matthew, St. 15Q. Ovid, 45, 98. Mecca, 94. Oxfordfhire, 13-, Medina, 95. Menage, 38. 91. Meninfki, 78. Milk, 155. Milton, 59. Minucius Felix, 124 e Mofchus, 40. Moor, 11. More, 49. Mofheim, 25. N Nader Shah, 106. Nequam, 2. 7. 8. New Teftamentj 41. Newton, 130. Nicander, 155* Ny&anthes, 172. O Oman, Sea of, 15. Palladius, 11 9. Parifatis, 48. Paronomafia, 126. Pafquier, 27. PerfianMifcellanies, 1* Petronius, 45. Pharfy, 17. Philiftines, 98* Phoenix, 135. Pliny, 10. Pococke, 117. 127. Pollier, Col. 113. Pope, ill. Portuguefe, 32. 64. Praeadamites, 47. Prifcian, 145. Probus, 45. Reland, R Reland, 38. 45. Repington, 27. Revifky, 6Q. Richardfon, 10. 170. Rubruquis, 93. Runic, Poetry, 85 . Rupee, 11. 34. 209 ) Soliman I. 72. Sophi, 106. Spanheim, 74. Spartan mother, 43. Speflator, 10. Stale s'etaler, 153. Stephanus Byzant, 79. Stephens, Henry ; 107» Strabo, 45. Sykes, 18, Sachariffa, 101. Salmafius, 161. Sampfon, 98, Saxons, 20, Scaliger, 6. 3cot, 173. Scots dialed, 46. Seventy LXX. 79, ghakfpeare, 32.41. 76, 78. 83. 88. Shirauz, ]., Skinner, 146. Smyrna, 18. Tamerlane, 95. Tartary, 20. Tavern ier, 93. Tebrizi, 76. Theocritus, 40. 71. Theognis, 115. Thibet, 153. Tickell, 70. Tigranes, 147« Timour, 37- Twelfth Night, 89. Tychfen, 7 A. C 210 ) Welfh, 36. 40. u Welfh, Cymric, 14Q. 'TsTS^OV, 03, Whitehall Sermon, 84 Wilkins, 73. 169. V Wilmet, 47. Virgil, 14, 31. 92. Wolfey, 49. Vitruvius, l6l. Voltaire, 130, Z Zend, 119. W Zerbus, 49, Webfter, 3, Additions Additions and Corrections* ^Jlz^S) Istorah Storax, Since ftorax is brought from the Eaft, the name which it bears came with it, The word is Arabic. .f^" - / Isfunj Sponge, Isfunj is an Arabic word. *y I Enjam End. >U' I , )j) Dured bi enjam, falu- tations without end, Perfian* p 2 wi^ULS/ ( 212 ) &\$j/ TehkiJrat Tickets. Tehkikat are truths, certainties. Things that have marks upon them are faid to be ticketed, that they may not be miftaken. The French bring their eti- quette from eft hie quaeftio, not being acquainted with this Arabic plurah ♦♦ ^Jl3/ is truth in the lingular, m\& Jaun John. This word is ufed by the natives as a fubftitute for the Englifh Chriftian name, which purpofe it anfwers exceedingly well. The original fignification of the word is, a foul. ( 213 ) w^IL? Julab Julep. Julep is a mixture of water and fyrup ^ Xjf w-^tt^ julab fhekrein, fugared julep in Perfian. M J yf Heyivan Hyaena. VCCWCL. An animal, a brute- ^JJs KhyJc Keg. Khyk in Perfian is a bottle-bag, or hide* j£j Deghl Dingle. Deghl, like dingle, means a hollow 6 place to lurk in, Arabic. fj Retm Rutting. Retm in Arabic is coiens. Cjy^i lean camels, becaufe all animals are lean poll coitum. ♦ { \ ij* ( 214 ) My& Zezen Seizing. Snatching a thing out of another's hand, and taking it away < forcibly. Arabic. "Jtib? Talihtehhet Tacked together. Takhtekhet in Arabic is equally join- ing one another. ^up Ghunk Junk. Ghunk is a itrong piece of hard wood in Perfian. In Englifh a Chinefe vefTel> and an ejid of old rope. Ijjf Guvernor Governor. L^y Counsil Council. ^J Kumpanee Company. Thefe three words have been introduced by the Englifli into the various countries of the Eaft where they have factories. ( 215 ) >) Lad Loud, Lud or lodd, i$ Englilli loud, is noily in altercation, or legal difpute. * J Lnj Louche. Luj in Perfian is fquint-eyed. The French fav louche, and in Latin lufcus means blind of one eye. The order is Perfian, Latin, and French, f—0>^ Mister Mailer. This is likewife an Englifh word ufed before proper names, which the natives of the Eaft Indies have adopted, Page xii Preface, for Stevens, readStee- vens. xiii for nju read nk:. 3, line 14. Moorhata is foolifh- nefs in Sanfcreet, and in Greek Page Q. ( 216 ) Page 9. Add after oixoyevrie, 1 odSMJTMOf WgV* OIXU. The Copts, a fedl of Chris- tians, fo called from Jacob al Barda'i, an apoftle of the Eutychians ; firft Jacobites, then Cobites or Copts. 29. line 10. for 7£ read ds, 26. Hughues read Hugues. 41. for It read t* See p. 107, 42. read ■— * — pa tocv. 45. Acifculus. See Morell, Afcif- culus, from the Afcia, in the coins of the Valeria family, 50. read — tog — — — /\«f. Dele the full flop after cl 67. Subipfum read fub ipfum. 17. 18. read 18. 17. 72. laft line. Confult the Bhagvat Geeta for the nine gates of the body. Page 97. ( 217 ) Page 97. Confult p. Ixxi. toL i. Leland's Colle&anea, for a brick found in Mark Lane, on which is Hercules driving a fox girt with fire-brands into the Handing corn. The brick is in the Britifh Mufeum. 115. Dele ii after Carmen. 116. For v. 34, ready. 341. 127. For v. 761, ready. 7Q2. 135. See Dr. Combe, Num. Vet. pi. 6(5. and pi. 25. No. iv. Line 12. Dele the comma af- ter 'Ryu. Line 17. read cantio. 143. line 3. read Kogxvgot. 146. read Fellus. 155. reat/Lcevigare, with a comma. 160. read European, 161. read Umbillicus. q Page 178. ( 218 ) Page 173. line 6. for ail read aid. 178. read Apopth. 180. read Straight. 187. -•* read -— Yitfor git* INDEX. Apricock is right, and not apricot, as it is generally writteft, and fometimes pronounced. SECOND. SECOND APPENDIX. >*y Li) Ofsanus Oceanus. The Ocean Hercules fays, tov Jg Vid. Diod. Sic. p. 22. note. [pjj] Eddua Adieu, farewell. The conclufion of an Arabic letter is kyJJ .2U\ elbaki eddua, may all the reft be well. Farewell. Q 2 A Am r ( 220 ) *\ Am I am, English. iC\ El 'Etui, r ^ri gr. Lf Ahl All, a. The people, or inhabitants. XA "**X$ Calati ehli, all the inhabitants of the caftle. The garrifon. EhluTdar, all of the houfe ; ehluTkebur, all of the grave. (/I Ei Ay, Certainly, yes indeed. L 1 Babil Babylon . A houfe of ill fame. Bordello, hence Babylon the whore. ^l Banu ( 221 ) yt Banu Boivfc. A princefs, lady, woman. The Greeks derive fioivoc from fixiyu* And Bochart from nn eedificavit. ( ujj, ^^% 11 ^^ ify\ Nerkis banui Ihehla chelhm,the lady Narcifla with black eyes. Lw. Bisima Billbn. "♦♦ ♦♦ ♦ Blind, without fight. Skinner, Shakf- peare. ly Tuma Thorn a. Caeterurn toto oriente nomen o*m ufi> tatum, Sy ri ace tomo fonat, unde Thomas Grsecis formatum ell nomen, quod ver- naculo illorum fermone redditur, $i$v[/,o$ La tine gemellus, ut omnibus ell notiffi-- mum* ( 222 ) mum. Akerblad, p, 21; de Infcriptionc Phoenicia Oxonienii, p. 21; Parifiis, 1802. 1L* Jela Jelly. Clear. rj7 Hehh AechL True. ,j? Hukk Huckle-bone. Coxendix. Hollow, in the middle of a bone. y^Je Hack Hacking. Fricuit Rubbing* Scalit Scraping. Rasit Chopping. \S f Hmai ( 223 ) *+\& Hami Ami. Friend and protedlor, hami din Mu- hammed Bengal rupee. Defender of the faith. { ^f Hawli Hall. Court. Area. s^U Khat Kite. In praedam fe dimifit accipiter milvus. See Kennicot, in Pfalm 74 — 19^ and Mi- chaelis in Lexico Hebra^o, voce mn. f)2j) Durudger Drudger. A labourer in mean offices, a carpen- ter, and hard working man. j^s Dustar ( 224 ) jb^p Dustar Duller. A cloth ufed in rubbing furniture, &c. Alfo a table cloth. fcj Deh Aexcc. Ten. „i> } Dk Dis, a. Invincible hatred. Dis diis invifus, u invifus coeleftibus," ov re GTvyezcri Geoiftsg, Whom the gods themfelyes de- left. ~*ly*^ Sername Sirname. A title at the beginning of a letter, gi- ven to the perfon addrefled. , &&*< Sigalish ( 225 ) . fj&J&< Sigalish XiyxTiOSig. Thought, contrivance, invention, de- vice. "EifJLtXTOt aiyoLXievTOt. Horn. Curioufly wrought garments. Vide Hefych, ;fj s^s^s Shut dar Shut door, fr/"^ Shamrach Shamroc; A date-branch divided into fingers, or da&yls, a mountain with two or more forks ; reprefented by the Irifli under the figure of a three-leaved plant. Here is a proof L -ef Arabic's being found in the Irifh language, as well as Phoenician ; and Sanfcrit in the word Ogham, « 9 so Sera ( 226 ) & f& Sera Sera, a, Italian evening, The part of the day from noon to fun-fet. Isjso Sofa Sofa, A well-known reclining feat. wyi Zerh Drub, The pronunciation of this word makes it the fame as our drub, to beat. ^Jfi J wy? he beat you, or drubbed you. Dad ^ is founded dh, dd, or dz, d$. Smm ^)3 >mm0// *> drub kelp, beat the dog, i. e. the Chriftian, or uncircumcifed dog. w/^ Is of the third conjugation, and ( 227 ) and conveys the idea of a recipro- cal action, ufed a&ively, it is , *Jy //7^, w';^ Yanl beat Peter, or drubbed Peter. George the Second, who did not underftand the Gazette, which fpoke of Sir Edward Hawke having given the French a good drubbing, alked Lord Chefterfield what it meant, upon which his lordfhip referred his majefty to the Duke of Bedford, who, at that moment, was coming into the drawing room, and knew from fad experience the full extent qf the term, &* AM Ail, Alel, difeale* Alii, a fick perfon, r 2 (J& Fetes ( 228 ) ijr £ Fetes Fetiche. A glafs-bead, or any thing of the fort, with which men or animals are fafcinated. Fetiche is an idol, fuch as the people of Guinea or the Illinois worfhip. See Dapper, and a voyage to the kingdom of Iiliny, by a Jacobin. Did:, de Trevoux. Camk Shirt. Camicia. Vide Roufieau's Perfian Vocabulary. jfy Ruad ( 229 ) ^ ! y Knad Alcay de, A Spanifh governor, ;tf Kk Sciflors. Cizars. j# Shears, fciflor, or nearer to the Arabic cizars. / i£z//a Cujas, Where ? whither ? , ,, U Where are you? Kuja comes from'keh what, and U cujus in Latin is faid of the perfon, Cujatis unde fit, fignificat, b 3 Sfor ijf ( 230 ) Sj or (Jjf Keri Koi^og. Kotgos in Greek is fomnolency, lethar- gy, as in Arabic. Kago? $&fuv dfJLfpsxuTiV^s. Apoll. Rhod. lib. 11. v. 203. V «■/ EV XOCPCp XSlfJLSVOl KOU VKVU. Strabo, p. fill. fol. y^smf Cab Cube. Kv€o£ Teflera. Caaba the fquare temple at Mecca, hence. a geometrical cube. ^j/' Keff Cuff. A hand, the palm, hence a flap, or blow with it. The voluptuous Perfians fay, Gul der ber u mye ber kuf, u mafh- uka ( 231 y uka bekamufl ; A rofe in the bofom, wine in the hand, and a mifirefs to my defire. "JW Kefalet Ks(puxl Kefalet is from kefal a fponfor, fecu- rity, a principal or head of an affair, who anfwers for the confequence of an event. See Wilmet; and (UJ kyfal, the cephalic vein, in Meninfki. s> )y+ Mordecai w^/* A little man, a diminutive of yy a man* ^M* Mekleb Mahaleb, A fpecies of grain like cherry-ftones in Azerbijan in Armenia. The Maba- ■r 4 leb ( 232 ) leb cherry tree is an inhabitant of the South of France, and of it furniture is made to imitate rofe-wood. .♦it* My an Moyen, Mean. My Nlin VYjV SR. Now. s^JJ)))) Wadilkebir Guadalquivir, j ♦♦♦ The great river Baetis, now the Gua- dalquivir, rifes in New Caftile, falls into the Gulph of Cadiz, near St. Lucar, by a mouth about a league broad, but choaked with fand. The diredt line from its head to its mouth is twenty- two. miles and ( 233 ) and a half, and its courfc about two hun- dred and feventy. " Decorent vireta Ba^tin, Tagus intumeicat auro." CJaudian, p. 160. Ed. Van Lj Webil Weevil. A beetle ufed by bleachers of linen, and wafher women. ^ Fejih Wedge, ♦♦ Thick, clofe-compa<5ted. j& * Veiled Void. Sole, unique, feparated, folitary, {/ ') Jc S hl: ( 334 > '}?) Veghi Vague* A rumour of uncertain news* .j$j WeUd Wicked, Deliberation, thought, ftudy to do what one is defirous, or folicitous about* with a bad defign. Jj Wane Waned. ♦♦ Torpuit languitque— He waned and languished. See Wilmet's Di&ionary of the Koran. This comes to us from the Arabic through the Saxon. » « I fir A) ( 235 ) Wir Vir. A friend, reafon, recolle&ion, intel- lect. An old word in Perlian. Ut Huja Huge. High, great, violent. yj -/♦♦♦ sj4 * ♦ ♦ i '/I sJ» ) ^^uJ' * im «^ K Interprctatio Latine verhum verba. Non eft Deus nifi Deus Muhammed eft Dei legatus Silices albicantes condonationis Terendo advenit mulier iEdem magnam, velut rupes Daraturam ( 237 ) Duraturam, anno ineuntc Undecies centefimo nono Et nonagefimo,, UQQ- Translation. There is no God but God, Mahomet is fent bj God. A woman has trod the flinty path of forgivenefs, and viiited the great houfe, that endures like the rocks which fur- round it, in the beginning of the year one thoufand one hundred and ninety nine. This infcription is copied from a fmall co- lumn lately brought from Egypt, now in the poffeffion of Sir Jofeph Banks. The type of the Arabic is very elegant, and top of the pil- lar, or columella, which is of Parian marble, enriched with feme elegant antique foliage. M ( 238 ) m h **f ' Almerwet. There is no type to print this word, and fome others exadtly as they are on the ftone ; it means, however, the fhining, or polifl-ied flints of the holy mountain, which have acquired the epithet from the trightnefs given them by the inceffant treading of tne pil- grims between this mountain and the mountain of Sapha, in the road to Mecca. The date is both in letters and figures, and whe$ the Era of the Hejira is added to it, and the difference between lunar years and folar ac- counted for, the monument will appear to have been but very lately erefted. Had there been no infcription, or had the word banat, filia, or daughter, been illegible on this monument, it would have been fufficieotly clear that it was intended for a woman, becaufe it has no turban, which always appears on the grave-ftones of the Turks. The infeription is not twenty years old, but the marble and the flowers round the head of the column are an- tique. The town of Mecca, or as it is written on a coin of Mcfrur in the margin, in the name of God this coin was ftruck ' **~\ Beccae, A, 209. Chr. 824. Vid. Alder. 1. c. Mum. 84. FINIS* \V V V %$- ^ % W , v* N tP J " * *** \ V x * * 8 1 \ > x . -O0 x ^ v* ',- / ^ V < + '^ HP '- \RmtnmyaBaaaiiWaK HaHS LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 003 033 000 6