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REFERENCES 
 
 AVa 
 
 IWmh.Cnhvrlt 
 
 2 Hciidrrson Hou.\r 
 
 .'iJoftii Kidifley 
 
 'iJ.U.lnti'ohr 
 
 .'>('0./lowhnff 
 
 (i.LW7iini 
 
 ].IB<>\ia])(irtc 
 
 !i<"I.Pri(h' 
 
 'J\Ji'f>:Hnrrisoii 
 
 l(>Jii(UjcFerkins 
 
 II tWs Borne 
 
 l2Mi:Rut}v 
 
 130)1 Tftqqart 
 
 liiCrtiy^'Mnnnimi 
 lOGailJiobtKlee 
 17 Mnj.Sniherlm 
 IHMrEyers- 
 l9Mv.SUnighln- 
 'lOCol.MoiiotJ 
 'ilMr.DniiH}eiiidi\ 
 22.JBjiire 
 MJfMooniKtn^ 
 (h'fict 
 21* S'foir 
 15 Fost Office 
 
 i 
 
 SCALE 
 
 WHITE 
 
Vivw oV tJir 
 'HUR SPRINGS. 
 
 
 
 
VIRGINIA 
 
 WITH THE 
 
 ANALYSIS OF ITS WATERS, 
 
 THE DISEASES TO WHICH THEY ARE APPLICABLE. 
 
 AND SOME ACCOUNT OP 
 
 SOCIEH Ai ITS AMUSEMENTS AT THE SPIIIIIGS 
 
 BY 
 
 J^^ 
 
 f. J. MOORMAN, M. D. 
 
 PHYSICIAN TO THE WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS; 
 
 Professor of Medical Jurisprudence and Hygiene in the Washington 
 
 University y Baltimore ; Member of the Baltimore 
 
 Medical Association, ^c. 
 
 BALTIMORE : 
 
 KELLY, PIET & COMPANY, 
 
 174 Baltimobk Street, 
 
 1869. 
 
IN EX.CHANUK C 
 
 llfl^ 
 
 f "JL^^ ; J'C^.^^,.^ 
 
 IISTDEX 
 
 <Xx-<^ 
 
 Preliminary Rkmarks 3 
 
 Locality of the Springs 4 
 
 Routes by which they are Reached 5 
 
 Extent and Character of Accommodations : 6 
 
 Analysis of the Waters 7 
 
 Medicinal Character and Curative Powers 9 
 
 Popular Errors in the Use of Mineral Waters 11 
 
 Diseases to which the White Sulphuu is Applicable 14 
 
 Chalybeate Sprin(5 at the White Sulphur 23 
 
 Bathing Establishment at.the White Sulphur 23 
 
 Society and its Amusements 24 
 
White Sttlptar Spri 
 
 GREENBRIER COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA. 
 
 CT" 
 
 IfOc A PAMPHLET for general circulation, adapted for a Hand-book, to 
 r." guide the distant stranger as to the location and extent of accommo- 
 - J dations of the White Sulphur Springs, — to point out the different 
 5 jS routes hy which they may be reached, — and, at the same time, indi- 
 {.s^ivCating in a concise manner the various diseases for which their 
 5^ waters have been advantageously used, has long been a desideratum 
 J.- ^with the Spring-going public. 
 
 I ^ In attempting to supply this want by the issue of this pamphlet, I 
 V '-^ shall not insert general certificates in proof of the value and medici- 
 nal adaptations of the waters to the various diseases for which they 
 have been so long successfully used. The publication of such cer- 
 tificates, while they might be serviceable in some cases, would^ 
 nevertheless, be liable to mislead from the want of proper and scien- 
 tific discrimination as to the precise nature of the cases given. 
 
 Mineral waters, to establish and perpetuate a valuable reputation, 
 must be carefully kept icithin the clear houndary of their power over 
 disease, and within their true adaptations as curative agents. To be 
 efficiently employed, whatever be the name of the disease for which 
 they are used^ the state of the system at the time, and a proper is so 
 in administration, so as to secure desired effects, are important 
 points that cannot be safely ignored. 
 
 There are biasing partialities and prejudices in the whole certifi- 
 cate system that are sure to intrude, in despite of every effort to keep 
 them out ; and hence it is, that conclusions in such cases are apt to 
 be too sweepingly made to be realized by those who rely upon them. 
 
4 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 I have had abundant reason to know that great injustice is often 
 done to suffering humanity, however unintentionally, — and ultimately 
 too to mineral waters, by having them placed, through vague and 
 extravagant certificates, upon a common platform with patent medi- 
 cines. In this way, hopes are often created in the minds of invalids 
 that are destined to sad disappointment; while the failure of the 
 waters to accomplish all that had been injudiciously promised for 
 them, causes their reputation unduly to suffer in public estimation. 
 
 Mineral waters possess great and valuable powers, and are in 
 many cases superior to the medicines of the apothecary's shop ; and 
 when used under proper and judicious discrimination, are well quali- 
 fied to assume a place in the great medical mind of the world, and, 
 like well defined articles of the Materia Medica, stand prominently 
 forth as most valuable resources of the healing art. 
 
 These views, are sanctioned by a sufiicient amount of truth and 
 importance, to influence me against the commOn practice of publishing 
 certificates of cases of disease, unless such cases had been carefully 
 diagnosed by a party competent to such duty, and so clearly described 
 as to give them a fair claim to an intelligent public reliance. Upon 
 this branch of the subject, therefore, I propose to rely upon the gen- 
 eral results of public opinion formed from the use of the water for 
 more than ninety years, and from my own professional experience in 
 their administration for upwards of thirty years in cases, the precise 
 pathology and nature of which were carefully investigated in connec- 
 tion with the use of the waters in each case. 
 
 LOCALITY OF THE SmiNGS, 
 
 The Various Routes by which they may he reached. 
 
 The White Sulphur Springs are situated on Howard's Creek, in 
 Greenbrier County, West Virginia, and upon the western slope of the 
 great Apalachian chain of mountains which separate the waters that 
 flow into Chesapeake Bay from those that run into the Gulf of 
 Mexico. 
 
 The situation of the Spring is elevated and beautifully picturesque, 
 surrounded by mountains on every side. Kates Mountain ;s in full 
 view, and about two miles to the south ; to the west, and distant 
 about one mile, are the Grcenlmer Mo^intains, while the towering 
 
LOCALITY AND ROUTES. O 
 
 AUegJiany, in its magnificent proportionp, is found five miles to the 
 north and east. 
 
 The Spring is in the midst of the celebrated " Spring Region, " 
 having the ''Hot,'" " Warm,'" and Eealing Springs fiom thirty to 
 thirty-five miles to the north; the " Sweet" and the Siccet Chaly- 
 beate, sixteen miles to the east; the " Salt" and the Red Sulphur, 
 the one twenty-four, the other forty-one miles to the south. 
 
 Its latitude is about 371° north, and its longitude 3^ west from 
 Washington. Its elevation above tide-water is 2000 feet. The tem- 
 perature of its waters is 62° Fah., from which they do not vary 
 during the heat of summer or the cold of winter. 
 
 The Spring yields about thirtij gallons a minute ; and it is a re- 
 markable fact that this quantity is not perceptibly varied during the 
 longest spells of wet or dry weather. The quantity and temperature 
 of the Spring being uniform under all circumstances, give a confi- 
 dence, which experience has verified, of its uniform strength and 
 efficiency. 
 
 The Spring is surrounded by mountain scenery of great beauty, 
 and blessed with a most delightful summer and fall climate. Inde- 
 pendently of the benefit to be derived from the waters, a better situa- 
 tion for the residence of invalids and delicate persons, during the 
 summer and fall months, can scarcely be imagined. They have here 
 the advantage of a most salubrious and invigorating air, and the 
 most agreeable temperature — cool at morning and evening, and at 
 no time oppressively warm. The thermometer ranges here, during 
 the summer, between 55° and 65°, and rarely attains a greater 
 height than 80° at any time of the day, while the atmosphere is so 
 elastic and invigorating as to enable invalids to take exercise in the 
 open air without inconvenience or fatigue. 
 
 liOUTES TO THE Sr RINGS, 
 
 The White Sulphur Sjyrings may now be properly designated as 
 the present Terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad in its 
 progress west, as it is now certain that this road will be completed 
 to this point during the present summer. 
 
 The completion of the road to the Springs renders them, directly 
 or indirectly, approachable by rail from every quarter of the country 
 
6 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 For the convenience^ however, of those who are not acquainted with 
 the localities and course of the Railroads in Virginia, I state — that 
 the traveler by rail to the White Sulphur, from any quarter of iJie 
 country, must necessarily make the town of Staunton, in Augusta 
 County, Va., a point in his travel From this place the distance to 
 the White Sulphur, is about 100 miles. Staunton, is 120 miles north- 
 west from Richmond, and immediately on the Chesapeake and Ohio 
 Railroad. 
 
 ,5®^ Travelers from any portion of the East, North, or West, 
 make Baltimore, and Washington, points in the travel to the Springs. 
 At Washington, they take the Orange and Alexandria road to Gor- 
 donsville : there they intersect the Chesapeake and Ohio road run- 
 ning to the White Sulphur, by way of Staunton. 
 
 MW Those who wish to reach the Springs from the South, or 
 Southwest, have a continuous chain of railroad to the springs, either 
 by the way of Richmond, Ya., or by the way of Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 If the Knoxville route is taken, the Spring visitant comes on the 
 Virginia and Tennesse Railroad to Lynchburg ; there changing cars 
 takes the Orange and Alexandria Railroad to Charlottesville, a dis- 
 tance of 70 miles, where he reaches the Chesapeake and Ohio road 
 about 40 miles east of Staunton. 
 
 J^'' Persons visiting the Springs on the Knoxville route, will find 
 a daily line <^f Stagc-Coaches at the " Montgomery White" that run 
 to the White Sulphur Springs, 65 miles distant, passing by the 
 celebrated Salt Pond, the Red and the Salt >S«/pAi<r Springs, and 
 spending the night at the latter place. 
 
 ^^ The time from Washington to the White Snlphnr will bo 
 about 15 hours. 
 
 EXTENT and CHABACTER of ACCOMMODATIONS, 
 
 In the spring of 1857 this property was purchased by a company 
 of gentlemen, residing principally in Virginia, who, in virtue of an 
 act of the Legislature, associated themselves in a Joint Stock Com- 
 pany, under the name of the ''White Sulphur Spring Company.^- 
 
 In conformity with the public demand for a large extension of ac- 
 commodations, the Company immediately entered upon a liberal and 
 extensive system of improvement, designed alike to increase the 
 
ACCOMMODATIONS, AND ANALYSIS OF THE WATERS. T 
 
 ■capacit}' of the property for the accommodation of visitors and at 
 the same time to beautify and adorn the grounds. To these ends 
 they have erected the largest building in the Southern country — its 
 dimensions being 400 feet in. length by a corresponding width, and 
 • covering more than an acre of ground. This building is appropri- 
 ated for Receiving rooms, Dining room, Ball room, Parlors, Lodg- 
 ing rooms, etc. The Parlor is one of the most elegant and spacious 
 saloons in America, being half as large again as the celebrated East 
 ii^ofwi in Washington. The Dining room, ia one of the largest in 
 the world, being upwards of 300 feet long by a corresponding width, 
 and conveniently seating 1200 persohs'. ' 
 
 The Company has also built a large number of handsome Cottager 
 for families. 
 
 In several respects the grounds have 'been greatly improved, par- 
 ticularly by the construction of broad Serpentine walks in various 
 directions through the lawns, and by widening and extending the 
 romantic and popular '' StroU^l known as the " Lover's Walk." 
 With these improvements, together with a new and capacious Bath- 
 ing Establishment, and the removal of mliny of the old buildings to 
 new locations, by which the i/azt'ns are enlarged and adorned, the 
 property, alike in capacity, in bonv^e'nierloe, and in the elegance of 
 its arrangements, exhibits a new and greatly improved appearance. 
 
 . ANALYSIS OJf TJI[fE, WATERS. 
 
 The White Sulphur was analyzed in the winter of 1842 by Pro- 
 fessor Hayes, of Boston, from a few bottles of the water sent to his 
 laboratory the preceding fall. From his repo'rt, 50,000 grains (about 
 seven piiits^ of this water contains' in solution 3-633 water srrain 
 measure of: gaseous matter, or about 1.14 of its volume, consist- 
 ing of 
 
 Nitrogen' gas........,; ......:..............: 1-013 
 
 Oxygen gas.. ...........,.,................:...,.;.... -108 
 
 Carbonic acid, .......:. 2" 244 
 
 Hydro-sulph.acid*-.. -068 
 
 One gallon, or two hundred and thirty-seven cubic inches of the 
 
 * It must be borne in mind that this water was examined by Prof. Hayes several 
 months after its removal from the spring, and consequently after it had parted with » 
 large portion of its free hydro-3ulph. acid gas. 
 
8 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 water, contains 19-739-1000 cubic inches of gas, having the propor- 
 tion of 
 
 Nitrogen gas 4' 680 
 
 Oxygen gas "498 
 
 Caibonic acid 11-290 
 
 Hydro-sulph. acid -211 
 
 Fifty thousand grains of this water contain 115-735-1000 grains 
 
 of saline matter, consisting of 
 
 Sulphate of lime 6V-168 
 
 Sulpliate cf maguesia 30*364 
 
 Chloride of magnesium '859 
 
 Carbonate of lime 6-060 
 
 Organic matter, (dried at 212%)... 3-740 
 
 Carbonic acid , 4*584 
 
 Silicates, (silica 1-34, potash '18, soda -63, magnesia, and a trace 
 
 of oxide of iron,) 2.960 
 
 Professor Hayes remarks that the organic matter of the water, in ite 
 physical and chemical character, differs essentially from the organic 
 matter of some thermal waters — in contact with earthy sulphrates at a 
 moderate temperature^ it produces hydro-suphuric acid, " and to this 
 source that acid contained in the water may he traced.''^ He adds : 
 
 " The medicinal properties of the water is probably due to the ac- 
 tion of this organic substance. The hydro-sulphuric acid resulting 
 from its natural action, is one of the most active substances within 
 the reach of physicians, and there are chemical reasons for supposing 
 that after the water has reached the stomach, similar changes, accom- 
 panied hy the product of hydro-suljyh. acid, take jilace.^^^ 
 
 Professor Wm. B. Rogers also analyzed this water, with the fol- 
 lowing results : 
 
 Solid matter procured from 100 cubic inches, dried at 212° Fah., 
 consisting 65-54 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of lime 31-680 gra 
 
 Sulphate of magnesia 8-241 
 
 Sulphate of soda 4-050 
 
 Carbonate of lime 1530 
 
 Carbonate of magnesia 0-506 
 
 Chloride of magnesium O'O'Zl 
 
 Chloride of calcium 0-010 
 
 Chloride of sodium 0-226 
 
 Proto-sulpbate of iron 0-069 
 
 Sulphate of Alurainye 0-012 
 
 Earthy phosphates, a trace. 
 
 Azottzed organic matter blended wiih a large proportioa 
 
 of sulphur, about 0*005 
 
 Iodine, combined with sodium or magnesium. 
 
 ns. 
 
 * 8ee Chapter III., on the '^Relative virtues of the saline and gaseous contents of the White 
 i^ulj.liur ^ater,"' in the "■Mineral Waters of ilie United States and Canada." 
 
ANALYSIS OF THE WATERS, AND MEDICINAL CHARACTER. 9 
 
 Volume of each of the gases in a free state, estimated in 100 cubic 
 
 inches:* 
 
 Sulphuretted hydrogen 0-66 
 
 Nitrogen 1'88 
 
 Oxygen 0*19 
 
 Carbonate acid S'GT 
 
 MEDICINAL CHARACTER OP THE WATER. 
 
 The distinctive medicinal influences of this water upon the system 
 are Cathartic, Diuretic, Sudorific, and Alterative. 
 
 Some cathartic and diuretic effect, as well as a distinct determina- 
 tion to the shin by sweating, is easily induced under its use, in the 
 great majority who drink it. But the most decidedly controlling 
 effect of the water over diseased action, and that which, more than 
 every other, gives to it its highest and most valuable character as a 
 remedy, is its Alterative Power, or that peculiar action by which 
 it effects salutary changes or alterations in the blood, in the various 
 secrelions, and upon the various tissues of the body. 
 
 The certain effects of the water in stimulating glandular secretions, 
 desolving chronic infiummations, overcoming obstructions, and throw- 
 ing off offensive debris from the diseased system, leave no doubt of 
 its distinctive and active alterative powers. Indeed, no article of the 
 Materia Medica has more decided alterative effects. 
 
 I desire, especially, to call the attention of physicians, and the 
 intelligent public generally, to this distinctive and remarkaUc 
 qimlity of the water. In this, more than in anything else, it differs 
 from other mineral waters. Many other waters are found to possess 
 valuable alterative power, and with an equal or greater cathartic or 
 diuretic action, but none liavo yet been shown to be so certainly, 
 promptly, smd j^owcrfidly alterative upon the human system. 
 
 Some of my unprofessional readers may desire to know the precise 
 meaning that is attached to the term Alterative^, in a medical sense. 
 This term simply means to alter or change; that is to alter or change 
 the chemical composition of the blood, the secretions of the glands 
 and the various secretory organs and surfaces, the removal of ob- 
 structions from the glands or minute vessels which occur in conges- 
 
 100 cubic inches amount to about three and a half pints. 
 
10 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 tions^ irritations, and inflammations; thus restoring the blood and' 
 the general organism to their natural condition, and to the perform- 
 ance of their natural functions. 
 
 I claim that the water has these effects by being absorbed, or, in 
 other words, entering into the great circuit of the circulation, and 
 thus exercising the specific or peculiar action of its constituents in 
 promoting the various secretory and excretory processes, and thereby 
 restoring the diseased system to a physiological condition. 
 
 Such effects and changes, wrought in the sick body, are obviously 
 an alteration, and the remedy that produces them is an alterative. 
 
 This is but a part of a medicinal alterative, but it conveys a suffi- 
 cient idea of its nature. 
 
 The water is also remarkable for its power in reducing the force 
 and frequency of the pidse, when unduly excited. Its influence in 
 this respect should be regarded, not as a direct sedative effect of the 
 agent, but as the result of its potency in abating general excitement, 
 resolving inflammations, and removing obstructions, thus bringing 
 back the system to its normal condition. 
 
 Experience in the administration of these waters, has abundantly 
 established the fact of their direct, and positive influence in controlling 
 and eradicating many diseases. Their effects, when properly used, 
 are to revive the languishing circulation, to give a new direction to 
 the vital energies, re-establish the perspiratory action of the skin^ 
 bring back to their physiological type the vitiated or suppressed 
 secretions, provoke salutary evacuations either by urine or stool, or 
 by transpiration ; they bring about in the animal economy an internal 
 transmutation^ a profound cliange. Entering the circulation, they 
 course through the system, and apply the medicinal materials which 
 they hold in solution, in the most minute form of sub-division that 
 can be conceived of, to the diseased surfaces and tissues; they reach, 
 and search the most minute ramifications of the capillaries, and 
 remove the morbid condition of these vessels which are so commonly 
 the primary seats of disease. 
 
 It is thus that they relieve chronic disordered action, and impart 
 natural energy and elasticity to vessels that have been distended 
 either by inflammation or congestion, while they communicate an: 
 energy to the muscular fibre and to the animal tissues generally,. 
 
MEDICINAL CHARACTER. 11 
 
 ^?vliicli is not witnessed from the administration of ordinary remedies. 
 It is thus that they produce the alterative effect, the ''-profound 
 change'' upon the system, of which I have been speaking. 
 
 It may be well to remark, that all mineral waters, to a greater or 
 less degree, are stimulants, and consequently are inapplicable to the 
 treatment of acute or higlily injkimmatory diseases. This is especially 
 true of the White Sulphur, particularly when drunk fresh at the 
 ^spring and abounding in its stimulating gas. It is true that when its 
 volatile gas has flown off, it becomes /«r less stimulating, and may be 
 -rased with safety and success in cases to which in ii^, perfectly fresh 
 state it would be unadapted. But even in its least stimulating form, 
 it is inadmissible for excited or febrile conditions of the system, and 
 -especially, in high inflammatory action, at least until the violence of 
 such action has been subdued by other agents. 
 
 POPULAR ERRORS m the USE of MINERAL WATERS. 
 
 Before entering upon the consideration of the diseases for which 
 tthe White Sulphur Water may be beneficially employed, I desire for 
 the benefit of invalids who may visit these, or other Mineral Waters, 
 to make a few remarks with the view of correcting some, at least, 
 of the popular errors that exist in connection with the use of such 
 waters. And I trust that a life devoted to the investigation of this 
 general subject, will relieve me from any appearance of egotism in 
 ■doing so. 
 
 I regret that the limited space within which I desire to confine 
 this publication, will not allow me to say as much upon the subject as 
 I could wish to do. 
 
 The first of the popular errors to which I call attention has refer- 
 ence to the Ti7ne invalids should use mineral waters. 
 
 There is an opinion in the minds of not a few, that such waters 
 should not be drunk longer than a given number of days, and, that 
 after such time, they are prejudicial rather than beneficial. This is 
 an error. There is no specific time during which invalids, speaking 
 generally, should use this or any other mineral water. The time 
 during which all such waters should be used, depends upon the 
 nature of the case, the manner in which they are used, the susceptabili- 
 ies of the system, and their effects upon the organism and the disease. 
 
12 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 There are periods, but uncertain periods, in the use of the Whii€ 
 Sidphur Water, when it ought to be suspended, or discontinued ; but 
 such periods can only be judged of by effects, and not from any num- 
 ber of days during which it may have been drunk. 
 
 If the water be not adapted to the disease, and to the existing 
 state of the system, of course it ought not to be used at all; but if 
 it be adapted, it ought to be persisted in, until it produces its altera- 
 Uve or proper curative effects. 
 
 It happens in many cases, that some appropriate management is 
 essential to prevent the water from having vagrant and undesirable 
 operations, and to hasten its speedy and good effects ; but it would 
 be in vain to expect its use to result in a cure, until it has bean pro- 
 perly employed for a sufficient length of time, (and this irrespective 
 of the number of days,) to produc^^ the desired effects. 
 
 From two to eight weeks is the range of time, within which it 
 may be made to produce ail its good effects, or bring the system into 
 such a condition as insures a return to health. 
 
 The second jjojndar error, is that of hastily changing from spring 
 to spring, without staying sufficiently long at any one, to produce 
 lasting or permanent good impressions upon the disease. 
 
 A restless disposition often causes invalids to fly from one spring 
 to another, in the vain hope of greater good, when very probably 
 the time they fruitlessly spent at several different springs, would 
 have been sufficient to cure them at any one of them, that might be 
 even tolerably adapted to their condition. 
 
 This criticism does not apply to mere pleasure seekers. They may 
 properly go from spring to spring, and spend their time just where 
 they are the happiest. 
 
 But it is not so with invalids, who have something for the waters 
 to do. They should wisely select the waters best adapted to their 
 cases, and use them properly and perseveringly, until their unadapt- 
 edness is shown, or until they have produced such effects as the nature 
 of the case demands. This being done, they can then with pro- 
 priety resort to such other waters, or baths, as may be best adapted 
 to their new condition. 
 
 The popular errors manifested in the hap-hazwd and experimental 
 methods of using mineral waters, are too numerous to be particularly 
 
POPULAR ERRORS IN THE USE OF MINERAL WATERS. 13 
 
 considered in the space allotted to this subject, but they are too 
 important to be entirely overlooked. 
 
 Potent mineral waters, that have been extensively used for many 
 years, have, it is reasonable to suppose, established with those who 
 have experienced or long observed their effects, definite, and well defined 
 laws of operation upon the human system ; or, in other words, have 
 established certain hygienic and tlierajnitic laws, by the observance of 
 which, they may be taken understandingly, safely, and in such man- 
 ner as to secure their sanative effects without incurring unnecessary 
 delay, or risk, from improper administration. 
 
 Nevertheless, many serious invalids, and those too who are desir- 
 ous of speedy relief, will, with the utmost uncertainty of the correct- 
 ness of such a course, enter upon the use of such waters entirely in 
 an experimental way, and with as much disregard of the known laws 
 of their administration, as if no such laws existed. 
 
 Such experimentalists , by inefficient or untimely dosing, or far 
 more common, by overdosing , sometimes, by using the remedy when 
 they are under a temporary excitement, or other influences that pre- 
 vent its good effect, (and which by a little precaution might 
 speedily be removed,) or by using it too fresh when it ought to be 
 used stale, allow themselves either to be positively injured, or at least 
 deprived of the benefits that might have resulted from its proper 
 administration. 
 
 Such tentative drinkers, may now and then adopt the best course 
 that could have been pursued, and all will go well; but in no few 
 instances it happens, that grave mistakes are made, and real injury 
 effected. But if no absolute injury shall have been done, it very 
 commonly results that such experimentalists waste much time with- 
 out deriving compensating advantages; and often, after a week or 
 two of profitless experimenting, perceive the necessity of ceasing 
 such a course, and begin the use of the agent de novo as it were, 
 and as if they had never before taken it at all, and without having 
 derived any advantage from the week or two it may be, that they had 
 been improperly using it. 
 
 Invalids intending to use mineral waters for the treatment of their 
 diseases, should first satisfactorily ascertain what particular water is 
 best calculated to cure their maladies, and before entering upon its? 
 2 
 
14 M^HITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 use, acquaint themselves with the proper wa}-^ of using it, and with 
 the general management and precautions necessary to he observed 
 while under its use, not only in reference to the quantity, and times, 
 of drinking, but also in reference to Baths, the manner and periods 
 of taking them, together with a proper general rule of living as 
 relates to diet, exercise, and exposures, while they are under agencies, 
 and in a climate, to which they have not been accustomed. Thus 
 properly informed, and prudently conforming to judicious instruc- 
 tions, they may reasonably hope to secure all the advantages that 
 can be derived from such agents. 
 
 The strength of the natural appetite for the good things of 
 this world, and the dicta of fashion, but too commonly override the 
 most judicious medical advice at a ftishionable watering place, in 
 reference to Diet and Dress. Still, I cannot conscientiously withhold 
 this well meant warning to the serious invalid at such places, to e-at 
 prudently, irrespective of the inducement which an active appetite 
 may offer, and to clothe warmly and avoid night exposure, whatever 
 fashion may demand or temptation crave. 
 
 DISEASES TO WHICH THE WHITE SULPHUR WATER IS 
 
 APPLICABLE. 
 
 For want of space, I can only give a mere synopsis of the diseases 
 for the cure of which the White Sulphur waters have been long and 
 successfully employed, referring my readers who desire more particu- 
 lar information upon this subject, as well as for the propter method of 
 using the waters in the various diseases, to my recent volume on the 
 " Mlnercd Waters of the United States and Canada.''^ 
 
 DYSPEPSIA. 
 
 This very common and annoying disease, the especial scourge of 
 the sedentary and the thoughtful, whether existing under the form of 
 irritation of the mucous surface of the stomach, vitiation of the gas- 
 tric juice — or under the somewhat anomalous characteristic of Gas- 
 tralgia, is treated with much success by a proper course of the White 
 Sulphur water. 
 
 The apprehensive and dejected spirit that finds no comfort in the 
 present, and forbodes evil only in the future ; the hesitating will that 
 
CURATIVE POWER. 15 
 
 matures no purpose, and desponds even in success ; the emaciation 
 of frame and liaggardness of visage ; the ever present indurance, 
 and all the imaginary and real ills that torture the hapless dyspeptic, 
 are often made to yield to alterative and invigorating influences that 
 that a few weeks judicious use of the waters establish. 
 
 Administered alone, in every form of this disease, (for under the 
 name Dyspepsia we have several /orms of stomach cZisease essentially 
 differing from each other, and requiring different modes of treatment,) 
 its curative powers may not always be so marked ; but in several 
 varieties of the disease, and those indeed which we most often wit- 
 ness, it deserves the very highest praise that can be conferred upon any 
 remedy. In cases of this disease in which the Liver is implicated, 
 occasioning slow or unhealthy biliary secretions, a state of things 
 that often exists, the water may be used with especial advantage. To 
 effect permanent or lasting cures in Dyspepsia the waters should al- 
 ways be pressed to their complete alterative effects upon the system. 
 
 CHRONIC IRRITATION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE 
 OF THE STOMACH AND BOWELS. 
 
 The largest class of invalids that resort to our mineral fountains 
 for relief are those afflicted with abdominal irrations, and especially 
 with Irritation of the Mucous Coat of the Stomach and Bowels. 
 
 These irritations are occasionally so masked by a super-added 
 nervous mobility as to conceal their true character from the sufferer, 
 and sometimes from his medical advisor. The disease is far more 
 common in late than in former years. The number of cases at the 
 White Sulphur has been, I am sure, more than triplicated within the 
 last few years. It may be induced by any of the numerous causes 
 whose tendency is to derange the digestive, assimilative, and nerv- 
 ous functions ; and is often connected with some indigestion, irregular, 
 or costic bowels, with restlessness and unhappy forebodings of impend- 
 ing evils, I have much confidence in the waters in such cases when 
 prudently and cautiously used until they produce their alterative effects. 
 
 LIVER DISEASE. 
 
 Chronic disease of the liver, in some form or other, is a very com- 
 mon disease of our country, especially in the warm latitudes and 
 
16 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 miasmatic districts. Very many affected with this complaint, have 
 annually visited the White Sulphur for the last fifty or sixty years. 
 In no class of cases have the effects of the waters been more fully 
 and satisfactorily tested than in chronic derangements of the liver. 
 
 I cannot better serve the end I have in view of imparting informa- 
 tion of the remedial powers of these waters in this class of disease, 
 than by quoting a few paragraphs from my volume on the " Mineral 
 Springs of the United States and Canada.'^ 
 
 ' ' The modus operandi of sulphur water upon the liver is dissimilar 
 to that of mercury, and yet the effects of the two agents are strik- 
 ingly analogous. The potent and controlling influence of the water 
 over the secretory function of the liver must be regarded as a spe- 
 cific quality of the agent, and as constituting an important theraputic 
 feature in the value of the article for diseases of this organ. Its in- 
 fluence upon the liver is gradually, but surely to unload it when en- 
 gorged, and to stimulate it to a healthy performance of its functions 
 when torpid. 
 
 *• The control which this water may be made to exercise over the 
 liver in correcting and restoring its energies, is often as astonishing as 
 it is gratifying — establishing a copious flow of healthy bile, and a con- 
 sequent activity of the bowels, imparting a vigor to the whole diges- 
 ' live and assimilative functions, and consequently, energy and strength 
 to the body, and life and elasticity to the spirits. 
 
 " For many years I have kept a ' Case hook ' at the White Sul- 
 phur, and have carefully noted the influences of the water upon such 
 cases as have been submitted to my management. Among the num- 
 ber, are several hundred cases of chronic affections of the liver, 
 embracing diseases of simple excitement, chronic inflammation, en- 
 gorgement, and obstructions of the biliary ducts, etc. These cases 
 were treated either with the White Sulphur alone, or aided by some 
 appropriate adjunctive remedy ; and, in looking at the results, I 
 must be permitted to express a doubt, whether a larger relative amount 
 of amendments and cures, have ever been efl'^^-cted by the usual rem- 
 edies of the medical shop. This I know is high eulogy of the water 
 in such diseases. It is considerately made, and is not higher than 
 its merits justify." 
 
 When Schirrhosity of the liver is suspected, the water, if used at 
 
CURATIVE POWER. 17 
 
 all, should be used under the guards of a well-informed medical 
 judgment ; for in actual Schirrhosity, if it be pressed beyond its 
 primary effects upon the stomach and bowels, it is very decidedly 
 injurious. 
 
 JAUNDICE. 
 
 This is a form of liver disease in which obstructions prevent the 
 free egress of the bile from the gall bladder along its natural chan- 
 nels, and hence occasions its absorbtion into the general circulation. 
 
 In cases of jaundice, in which the obstructing cause is inspissated 
 bile, or very small calculi, or when occasioned by inflammation or 
 spasm of the gall-ducts themselves, the White Sulphur water, as 
 might be expected from its influence over the liver, is used with the 
 happiest results. 
 
 Indeed, the individuals afi"ected with incipient or confirmed jaun- 
 dice, and when the liver is free from Schirrhus, cannot place too 
 much confidence in the use of the White Sulphur water and Baths, 
 with the occasional use of mild adjunctive means to aid in its speedy 
 action upon the liver and skin. Thus judiciously employed, and 
 for a sufficient length of time, it invariably proves successful, either 
 in curing the case, or in bringing the system into the condition under 
 which a cure speedily results. 
 
 CHRONIC DIARRHCEA. 
 
 In Chronic Diarrhcea, especially where the mucous coat of the 
 bowels is principally implicated, and, still more, when the case is 
 complicated with derangement of the stomach and liver, the water is 
 often employed with very gratifying effects. 
 
 While the water, properly taken, is a most invaluable remedy in 
 Chronic Mucous Diarrhoea, in no other disease is prudence and cau- 
 tion more eminently demanded in its administration, and especially 
 for the few first days of using it. When prudently and cautiously 
 prescribed in such cases, it is not only a perfectly safe remedy but 
 also eminently curative in its effects. Many of the most satisfactory 
 results that I have ever accomplished by the prescription of the 
 White Sulphur water, have been in cases of Chronic Mucous Diar- 
 rhcea. t, 
 2^ 
 
18 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 Serous Diariukea of chronic character, requires still greater cau- 
 tion in the early use of the water than the mucous form to which I 
 have been referring ; and while the waters, when carefully intro- 
 duced, constitute a valuable remedy in such cases, they will, if too 
 largely taken, aggravate the worst symptoms of the disease.* 
 
 COSTIVENESS. 
 
 Habitual costiveness is a state of the system in which the water 
 has been extensively employed. When the case depends upon 
 depraved or deficient biliary secretions, much reliance may be placed 
 upon the efficiency of this remedy if it be carried to the extent of 
 fully alterating the system. 
 
 PILES. 
 
 The use of mild laxatives in hcrmorrhoids has long been a favorite 
 practice for their relief. The beneficial efiiects of the water in thiB 
 disease, is probably to some extent due to its laxative power, but still 
 more, I apprehend, to its alterative effect upon the liver through 
 which the hasmorrhoidal vessels are favorably impressed. 
 
 DISEASES OP THE URINARY ORGANS. 
 
 Th^ White Sulphur waters are used with very good effects in 
 Gravel; indeed^ they almost invariably palliate such cases, and fre- 
 quently, in their early stages, entirely cure them. 
 
 Incipient calculus affections are relieved by the water pretty much 
 in proportions as it corrects the digestive and assimilating functions, 
 improves the blood, and brings the general economy into a natura 
 type, preparing the kidneys to resist foreign encroachments upon 
 their functions, and to elaborate from healthy blood, proper and 
 healthy secretions. f 
 
 Chronic injiammation of the kidneys, as well as similar aflections 
 of the bladder, and uretha, are often successfully treated by a judi- 
 cious use of the waters. 
 
 Diabetes is a form of disease in which the waters have occasionally 
 been used with excellent effect. 
 
 * See the details of several interesting cases in the " Mineral. Waters of the Unitstl 
 States and Canada." ^ 
 
 t See " Mineral Waters of the United States and Canada.'^ 
 
CURATIVE POWER. 19 
 
 Spermatorrhoea, often painfully implicating the nervous system^ 
 and producing extreme debility not only of the sexual organs but also 
 of the general system, is often greatly benefitted at these springs. 
 
 This disease is generally found complicated with a condition of the 
 »kin and glandular organs, and not unfrequently of the mucous sur- 
 faces, that eminently require the aid of alterative remedies. In all 
 such complications the waters are found very valuable as a primary 
 means, preceding and preparing the system for the use of more 
 decided tonic remedies. 
 
 FEMALE DISEASES. 
 
 In female diseases, in their various chronic forms of amenorrhaea, 
 JOT suppressed menstruation, dysmenorrhoea, or painful menstruation, 
 chlorosis and leucorrhcea, the waters of the White Sulphur have been 
 much employed. When the cases have been judiciously discriminated ^ 
 and were free from the combinations and states of the system that 
 contra-indicate the use of the waters, they have been employed with 
 beneficial results. 
 
 CHROlfIC AFFECTIONS OF THE BRAIN. 
 
 It is only since the introduction of the custom of using the water 
 in its ungaseous form, (near thirty years ago,) that it has been taken 
 successfully, or even tolerated by the system in chronic inflammation 
 of the brain. I need, therefore, scarcely apprise my readers that it 
 is only in its strictly ungaseous form that it should be used in such 
 cases, and then in a careful and guarded manner. Thus prescibed 
 I have, in several instances, found it beneficial. 
 
 NERVOUS DISEASES. 
 
 Neuralgia, in some form or other, has become a very common 
 disease in every part of our country ; and the number that visit the 
 White Sulphur suffering with this protean and painful malady is very 
 considerable. 
 
 Sometimes, this disease exists as a primary or independent affection, 
 but far more frequently^ as a consequence of visceral or organic de- 
 rangements. Where such is found to be the case, the White Sulphur 
 waters are used with the very best results. As an alterative, to pre- 
 
20 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 pare the neuralgic for receiving the more tonic waters to advantage, 
 it deserves the largest confidence by those afflicted with this annoying 
 malady. 
 
 PAKALYSIS. 
 
 The number of paralytics that resort to the White Sulphur is- 
 large, and their success in the use of the waters various. Cases re- 
 sulting from dyspeptic depravities are oftener benefited than those 
 that have resulted from other causes. In almost every case, how- 
 ever, some benefit to the general health takes place^ and sometimes 
 an abatement of the paralysis itself. 
 
 BREAST COMPLAINTS. 
 
 In tubercular consumption, whether the tubercles be incipient or 
 fully developed, the White Sulphur water should not be used. Ite 
 effects in such cases would bo prejudicial. 
 
 But there are other forms of breast coviplaints in which the waters 
 have been found valuable, particularly in that form described as 
 
 SYMPATHETIC CONSUMPTION. 
 
 * This form of breast complaint is the result of morbid sympa- 
 thies extended from some other parts of the body, and more com- 
 monly from a diseased stomach or liver. The great par vagum nerve, 
 common to both the stomach and lungs, afibrds a ready medium 
 of sympathy between these two organs. In protracted cases of dys- 
 pepsia, the stomach often throws out morbid influences to the wind- 
 pipe and surfaces of the lungs, occasioning cough, expectoration, pain 
 in the breast, and many other usual symptoms of genuine consump- 
 tion. So completely, indeed, does this translated affection wear the 
 livery of the genuine disease, that it is often mistaken for it. 
 
 This form of disease comes often under my notice at the Springs, 
 and I frequently witness the happiest results from the employment of 
 the water in such cases; and the more so, because its beneficial effects 
 resolve a painful doubt that often exists in the mind of the patient a.B 
 to the true character of the disease. 
 
 * See " Miiwral Waters of tlu United States and Canada." 
 
CTRATIVE POWER. 21 
 
 BEONCHITIS. 
 
 This affection is often met with at the Springs, sometimes as a 
 primary affection of the bronchia, and often as a result of other affec- 
 tions, and especially, of derangements of the digestive and assimila- 
 tive organs. In such translated cases, we frequently find the hron- 
 cJdtis relieved in the same degree that the originally diseased organs 
 are benefited. 
 
 CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 
 
 The various chronic diseases of the skin are treated with much 
 success by a full course of the White Sulphur waters, in connection 
 with a liberal course of warm or hot sulphur baths. 
 
 There is a chronic form of erysipelas, occurring at irregular inter- 
 vals, and most commonly attacking the face or the extremities, that 
 I have treated with very good success by the White Sulphur water. 
 
 BHEUMATISM AND GOUT. 
 
 The rheumatic and the gouty, are habitues of the White Sulphur. 
 Tlie well established reputation of the waters in such cases, attract* 
 BO small number of persons laboring under one or the other of these 
 affections. 
 
 The primitive reputation of the water, and that which at an early 
 day directed public attention to its potency, was derived from ite 
 successful employment in rheumatism. The reputation thus early 
 acquired, has not been lost, but, on the contrary, established and 
 confirmed by its successful use for three quarters of a century. 
 
 In most rheumatic cases, the employment of warm or hot sulphur 
 baths constitutes a very valuable adjunct in their treatment. 
 
 With the sulphur water as a drink, and the use of the hot tuh, 
 douche and sweating baths of the same water, this place offers the 
 strongest inducements for the resort of persons afflicted with chronic 
 rheumatism that can anywhere be found. 
 
 In proportion as the waters impress the digestive and assimilative 
 organs they benefit gout. As palliative in this disease, they are 
 always employed with benefit. 
 
22 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 CHRONIC POISONING PROM LEAD 
 
 Is very advantageously treated by a full course of the water and 
 baths. Used with sufficient persistency, they may well be regarded as 
 the most reliable remedy to which persons thus afflicted can have 
 recourse, and to such I earnestly recommend a trial of them, the 
 more especially, because the ordinary remedies in such cases are 
 admittedly very unreliable. 
 
 SCROFULA. 
 
 Sulphur waters have long been held in reputation in the treatment 
 of scrofula. Some of the English physicians have thought such 
 waters superior to any other remedy in scrofula. Dr. Salisbury, of 
 Avon, New York, speaks favorably of his experience of their use in 
 such diseases. In the early stages of scrofula the White Sulphur 
 has often been used with decided advantage, but in the confirmed 
 stages of the disease I do not consider them at all equal in curative 
 power to some other mineral waters in this region. 
 
 MERCURIAL DISEASE AND SECONDARY SYMPTOMS 
 
 OP LUES. 
 
 In that enfeebled, susceptible, and very peculiar condition of the 
 system, often found, to exist as the result of a long-continued or inju- 
 dicious use of mercury, and in what is commonly known as the 
 secondary form of lues, the White Sulphur water, when carried to 
 its full alterative effects, displays its highest curative powers. After 
 long experience of the use of the waters in the peculiar forms of 
 disease under consideration, I have no hesitation in saying, that if 
 called upon to designate the particular affection or state of the system 
 in which the White Sulphur water is most certainly efficacious, I 
 would not hesitate to Xitima mercurial diseases and secondary syphilis ; 
 because the water in such cases exerts a specific agency, and more 
 certainly brings relief to the sufferer than any other known remedy. 
 This is strong praise of the remedy in these diseases, and nothing 
 but long and successful experience of its value in such cases could 
 induce me to award it. 
 
 I have no hesitation in saying to those who are so unfortunate as 
 to be the subjects of the diseases embraced under this head, that they 
 may have in these waters, when properly and fully used, in connec- 
 tion with warm sulphur bathing, a reasonable hope of a permanent 
 
CHALYBEATE SPRINGS, BATH 
 
 <;ure, that they cannot have from the use of any other remedy known 
 to the profession. 
 
 I have heretofore alluded to some diseases and states of the systere 
 in which these waters should not he used. In addition to what I have 
 already said upon that subject, I now remark that they should not be 
 used in scirrhns or cancerous affections^ whether internal or external, 
 nor in hypertrophy , or nwrhid enlargements of the heart. In either 
 of the cases supposed, their effects, especially their full effects, would 
 be prejudicial. 
 
 CHALYBEATE SPRING. 
 
 About forty rods from the White Sulphur, is a Chalybeate Spring 
 in which the iron exists in the form of a carbonate of iron, the 
 mildest, least offensive, and ordinarily the most valuable form in 
 which ferruginous waters are found. 
 
 For the last fifteen years this water has been considerably used by 
 the class of visitors whose diseases required an iron tonic, and its 
 effects have realized the rational hopes that were indulged in it. 
 
 BATHS AT THE WHITE SULPHUR. 
 
 Warm and hot bathing, especially in highly medicated waters, is a 
 remedy of leading importance in a large number of the cases that 
 resort to mineral waters for relief. 
 
 The water used for bathing at the White Sulphur flows from the 
 Sulphur Spring of which the visitors drink. When we look at the 
 analysis of this water and find it to contain about one hundred and 
 fifty grains of active medicinal salts to the gallon, we cannot fail to see 
 that, so far as the medication of waters can favorably affect the baih 
 for which they are used, that the White Sulphur baths have the 
 strongest claim to confidence, inasmuch as no other waters in America 
 that are used for bathing, except the Washita Springs, in Arkansas, 
 are so highly impregnated with mineral salts. 
 
 These baths, in connection with the drinking of the sulphur waters, 
 although not required in every case, are a matter of the utmost 
 importance in a large number of cases in aiding to produce the best 
 effects of the waters. 
 
 Impressed with the great value, in fact the absolute necessity to 
 some invalids, of using such baths in connection with the drinking 
 of the water, the proprietors of the Springs have recently greatly 
 
24 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 enlarged and so remodeled their bathing estahlishment as to make i\ 
 in every respect satisfactory, it is believed, to those who may desire 
 to avail themselves of its use. 
 
 The bathing-Jiouse is large, aflording ample accommodations for 
 the bathers. The bathing-rooms are spacious, airy, and comfortable, 
 and in addition to the usual tub baths, they have erected douche 
 baths for the application of streams of hot or loarm water to local 
 parts of the body, and have set apart rooms arranged for receiving 
 sweating baths. 
 
 The construction of douche and sweating baths of sulphur water, 
 to be employed under proper circumstances, in connection with 
 the internal use of the water, is a matter of the utmost importance 
 to the successful treatment of numerous cases that resort here for 
 relief. 
 
 The new and improved method of heating the water for bathing, 
 deserves to be especially noted. This is effected by steam in the 
 vessel in which it is used, and is a great improvement over the old 
 method of heating mineral waters for bathing. Under the old plan 
 of heating in a boiler and thence conveying the water to the bathing 
 tub, much of its valuable saline matter was precipitated and lost. 
 By this improved method of applying steam to the water in the tub, 
 the heat is never so great in raising the water to the bathing point, 
 as to cause any important precipitation of its salts; hence, they are 
 left in their natural suspension in the water to exert their specific 
 effect upon the bather. Not only so, by this improved method hot 
 steam may be let into the tub from time to time, as the water cools, 
 so as to keep it essentially of the same temperature during the entire 
 period of bathing, a consideration often of no small importance. 
 This method of heating mineral waters in the tub in which they are 
 used, in connection with the douche and sweating baths, brings hot 
 and warm bathing at this place in favorable competition with bathing 
 at naturally hot and warm fountains, and promises to be productive 
 of the same good effects that are experienced from bathing in such 
 
 fountains. 
 
 SOCIETY AND ITS AMUSEMENTS. 
 Next to the medicinal value of the water of the White Sulphur, 
 and the invigorating climate of the place, the company, that annually 
 assembles there is most worthy of notice. 
 
SOCIETY AND ITS AMUSEMENTS. 25 
 
 The prestige of the White Sulphur for all that is elegant and 
 refined in society is coeval with its early history. For many years 
 it has been the great central point of reunion for the best society of 
 the South, North, East, and West, that here mingle together under 
 circumstances well calculated to promote social intercourse and to 
 call out the kindliest feelings of our nature. 
 
 The Cottage system that has been introduced, although new to 
 American watering places, has proved a complete success, and greatly 
 contributes to the home-like comforts and the sociality of the numer- 
 ous families assembled here. 
 
 Society seems here to meet on common ground, and the different 
 shades of feeling influencing it at home are laid aside, while each 
 individual promotes his own happiness by contributing to the happi- 
 ness of others. 
 
 Here is to be found the statesman who, worn down with labor, 
 and his mind unstrung by the cares of office, seeks from the bracing 
 air, the picturesque scenery and the genial company, not less than 
 from the health-giving waters, that recuperation of his wasted ener- 
 gies in vain sought for elsewhere. Here, too, is found the man of 
 letters, seeking rest from thought, and strength for future effort.- 
 The poet, too, is here to quafi" vigor from the sparkling fountain, 
 and new images of beauty from nature's lavish stores that are spread 
 around him ; and here, too, come in crowds those who have ever 
 plumed the poet's fancy to its sublimest flights — beauteous woman — 
 by her presence brightening every prospect, and gracing every scene. 
 Following naturally in her train, come those who ever love to bask 
 in beauty's smiles, and find in such scenes the happiest of their 
 youthful hours. Here, too, congregate the reverend clergy, the 
 doctor^ the lawyer, the judge, wearied with the burdens of the bench ; 
 the man of commerce, the financier, the thrifty planter, the sturdy 
 farmer, and the retired man of wealth and ease. These, reckoned 
 by thousands, make up the company that annually give tone and 
 character to the White Sulphur, and make it at once the Athens and 
 the Paris of America. 
 
 The amusements are various in kind and degree. No sketch can 
 give more than a faint shadowing of the pleasures of a visit to the 
 Springs. The freedom from care, the relaxation from bonds which' 
 
26 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 have fettered us to tlie treadmill of business ; the pure mountain 
 air, every breath of which swells the veins and makes the blood 
 tingle with delight ; the wild mountain scenery awakening new 
 thoughts of the grandeur of creation, and the mighty power of God ; 
 the amenities of social intercourse, relieved from those necessary but 
 vexatious rules of etiquette which hem in fashionable life at home ; 
 all these combine to render a visit to the White Sulphur an epoch in 
 life to be looked forward to. and back upon, with pleasurable 
 emotions. 
 
 The weary pilgrim, coursing over the burning sands of the East, 
 does not hail the sight of an ©asis in mid-desert with more joy than 
 the habitues of the " White," worn down by cares or trouble, wel- 
 come the first glimpse of the sparkling fountain, and the verdant 
 lawns encircled by cottage homes ; to him they promise rest, com- 
 fort, health ; while to others they tell of pleasures past and joys to 
 come. And why ? For answer, let us briefly sketch the scenes of 
 a single day at the Springs. 
 
 The morning has dawned, the forest songster, in saluting the open- 
 ing day, has softly wakened the sleeper ; the full round face of the 
 sun soon appears above the neighboring mountain peak ; the silvery 
 vapor glides upward from the vale beneath, the fleecy clouds are 
 gone, and the dewy fragrance of the morning air invites to active 
 exercise. The visitors now gather around the health-giving foun- 
 tain, and after quaffing its waters, wend their way to the morning 
 meal. This over, the business of active enjoyment for the day begins. 
 
 The pleasant walks that penetrate the lawns and environ the 
 grounds invite many to healthful exercise. The billiard saloon, 
 with its numerous tables, entices many votaries ; the bowling alleys 
 soon resound with the merry laugh of youth and beauty, and thus 
 the hours glide swiftly . away ; while from another portion of the 
 grounds is heard the clear, keen report from the pistol gallery, telling 
 how promptly Young America is preparing to avenge his insulted honor. 
 
 The beautiful rides and drives, with their glorious mountain and 
 intervale scenery, attract some, while the quiet game, the alluring 
 book, or the pleasant companion solace many others. Thus theyf 
 take no note of time, save from its loss, until the warning sound o 
 the dinner bell rings forth the noontide hour, calling to prepare for 
 
SOCIETY AND ITS AMUSEMENTS. 2*7 
 
 the mid-day meal. Again the fountain is thronged, and then to the 
 sound of rich-toned music, discoursed by a well-trained band, the 
 crowd, after the hour of preparation has elapsed, assemble in the 
 immense and well-furnished drawing-room for a brief social reunion, 
 before partaking of the great meal of the day. Dinner over, the 
 drawing-room again becomes the centre of attraction. In this room, 
 during the crowded season, are each day brought pleasantly together 
 a gay and richly-dressed assembly, excelled in beauty, manliness 
 and dignity by no other crowd ever assembled within the broad 
 limits of our common country. Here congregate the fairest of the 
 fair from every State, and one can gaze, and gaze on beauty unti^ 
 the heart reels in its very fullness. 
 
 The company, wearied with converse or the promenade, retire to 
 their cottage homes, or to the inviting shade of the wide-spread 
 oaks, underneath which, in by-gone years^ the savage danced or the 
 antlered monarch of the forest tossed his crest^ now given up to the 
 happy crowd who in genial converse while the hours away until the 
 lengthened shadows and the fragrant air again invite to the walk, 
 the ride, the drive, or other active exercise. Then is heard the 
 summons to a social reunion at the tea table, after which the spirit- 
 stirring music calls the young and the gay to the giddy whirl of the 
 ball-room. Here pleasure reigns supreme, the heart-toned laugh, 
 the witty word, the amiable repartee, all tell that those assembled 
 here are just sipping the bubbles from the overflowing cup of joy. 
 
 Nowhere else can such a scene be witnessed ; nowhere else can 
 such a scene be more innocent than here. Thus flit away the glad 
 hours until the waning night bids to calm repose. 
 
 Such is, as it were, a shadowy outline of a day at the White 
 Sulphur. 
 
 But I cannot close this sketch without mentioning another phase 
 of society at the Springs, and one that must commend itself to every 
 well-ordered mind. I allude to the respectful observance, by the 
 company generally, of the Sabbath day. Throughout this entire 
 day a profound quiet pervades the grounds ; and the places of wor- 
 ship are thronged by full and attentive congregations. Nothing 
 could better evidence the conservative influence of society here than 
 the respectful and reverential attention with which the vast concourse 
 honor the sacred claims of the Sabbath. 
 
ANNOUNCEMENT. A -'^J^ 
 
 Vi 
 
 THE UNDERSIGNED, LESSEES OF THE 
 
 HITE SULPHUR SPRINGS 
 
 Announce to the public that the SPKINGS will be open for the reception 
 of Visitors, for the season of 1869, on the 
 
 FIB ST DAY OF MAi 
 
 With the extensive Improvements already completed and n progress, we 
 will be prepared to accommodate at least fifteen hundred gutests. 
 
 HOT AND WARM SULPHUR BATHS, 
 
 So eminently eflficacious in many cases, will always be at the command of 
 the Visitor. 
 
 One of the best City BANDS OF MUSIC will be in atteAi'ance to en- 
 liven the Lawns and Ball Koom. 
 
 An extensive LIVERY, for the accommodation of Guests, wil; be kept on 
 the premises. 
 
 The public may be assured that neither efforts nor expense will be spared 
 to make these Springs merit a patronage as liberal as they have heretofore 
 80 constantly received. 
 
 ]^^° The Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, now in rapid process of 
 completion, will be running to CALLAGHANS, sixteen miles distant from 
 the Springs, by the first of May, and will be finished to the Springs by the 
 first of July ; so that travelers from any part of the United States can 
 reach this place by continuous railroad lines. 
 
 Jg@° A Telegraph Lino will be extended to the Springs with the comple- 
 tion of the Railroad. 
 
 15^^ We have the pleasure to inform those who design to visit the Springs 
 that Prof. J. J. MOORMAN, well known as the author of several valu- 
 able books on the Mineral Waters, and of the late work on the " Mineral 
 Springs of the United States and Canada,^' and for upwards of ihiriy 
 years the Physician to the White Sulphur, will bo found at the 
 Springs in that capacity, and that he has associated with him in the practice , 
 Dr. F. B. FUQUA, formerly of Staunton, Va. 
 
 PEYTONS & CO/' 
 
 White Sulphur Springs, W. Virginia, 
 MarcJi Ut, 1869. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 ] HMi mil mil "111 mil •"•'""^ """"""' |sr 
 014 417 680 7 ^ Pj 
 
 >-^^ 
 
 V-x I 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 014 417 680 7