warn MB s^^.^ tsy^c^C* MEMORIAL OF REV. T. H.. KENASTd. COMPILED BY REV. L. C. PATHIDGE, BY ORDER OF CHAMPLAIN CONFERENCE. " By the thorn-road, and none other, Is the mount of vision won." SYRACUSE, N. Y.: WESLEYAN METHODIST PUBLISHING HOUSE. A. CROOKS, AGENT. 1874. 19 II 7)1 Jiff 4 Iff PKEFACE. Rev. T. H. Kenaston was known, loved, and honored too well and widely to need an introduction to those who will read these pages. The facilities for preparing this Memoir have been limited. An important portion of his Journal was accidentally destroyed before his death. If I have succeeded in embalming in this little book some true thoughts and acts of my very dear friend, which shall arrest the wandering, confirm the weak, cheer the sad, encourage the desponding, and glorify that divine Re- deemer by whose grace and blood alone he will shine in glory, my reward will be ample and abiding. His life motto was : — " CHRIST FIRST, LAST, ALWAYS." To the Wesleyan Methodist Connection which he loved and honored; to his children, of whom he was passion- ately fond; and especially to her whom he loved with a deep, pure, sacred devotion this humble tribute is gratefully dedicated. L. C. P. MEMORIAL O F REV. THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. Thomas Harvey Kenaston was born in Shef- field, Caledonia county, Vermont, January 4th, A. D., 1838, and died in the same town August 10th, A. D., 1872. He was the son of Jesse GL and Bachel T. (Har- vey) Kenaston. They were married in Woodbury, Vermont, September, 1829, but soon took up their residence in Sheffield, where they became the pa- rents of six children ; three sons and three daughters. The father, one son and one daughter only are left, while the rest have safely crossed to the " Better Land." The mother died a few months after the subject of this memoir. She was a woman of ex- cellent character. Her good qualities were many, and very highly appreciated by those who knew her best. She was a model Christian lady ; con- scientious, truthful and benevolent in the highest degree. Her Christian charity was prominent. 6 MEMORIAL OF REV. Her few words were kind, thoughtful, unassuming and valuable. She not only enjoyed, but richly de- served the confidence and good will of all who knew her. Her death was a quiet slumber in the arms of Christ. She lived at peace with men, she died at peace with God. -Her end was tranquil as her life was calm. She was like a good book; read through, closed up, and laid away ; not to be forgotten, but to think of, treasure up, and prac- tice. The poet Landor says, " Children are what the mothers are; No fondest father's fondest care Can fashion so the infant's heart, As those creative beams that dart, With all their hopes and fears, upon The cradle of a sleeping son." Another has well said, " The mother in her office holds the key Of the soul ; and she it is who stamps the coin Of character, and makes the being, who would be a savage But for her gentle cares, a Christian man." A distinguished foreigner once said to John Quincy Adams, — "I have just learned who made you ; for I have been reading your ' mother's letters to her son.' " Mrs. Kenaston left the stamp of her character, faithfulfulness to principle ,love and faithful train- ing upon the heart and life of each of her children. Thomas Harvey inherited from his parents a min- THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. 7 gling of impulse and calmness; ot intense feel" ing and patient thought ; of manifest affection, and quiet reserved love; of skill to plan, and patience to execute ; of determination to do, and willing- ness to suffer. He could perform more than was expected. He knew more than he hasted to tell. He loved more ardently than he usually man- ifested. His attachments were measured, not so fully by the number of tender words, as by the no- ble deeds, the sacrifice and labor he was ever wil- ling to consecrate to the objects of his love. His early home lay in the lap of everlasting green, whose hills and mountain-peaks were clad in wide variety of forest trees ; where pine, spruce, ce- dar, and balsam shed healing odors on the brac- ing air ; where nature prodigal of her charms scat- tered rich beauties with a generous hand. Here is water in all its lovliness ; the placid lake, the rolling river, the tumbling cascade, the dancing brook, the purling streamlet, the springing fountain, sleep- ing in icy stillness, falling in fleecy whiteness, or in the "singing shower." How varied the scenery ; hills, plains, vales, meadows, slopes, crags, rocks. He early loved nature and became her studious pupil, drank at her fountains of knowl- edge, enjoyed her communion, and gathered strength from her embraces. Thus his frail constitution was fortified and energized for the labors of life. When a child he was passionately fond of sport, 8 MEMORIAL OF REV. and this fun led him sometimes to annoy those about him, especially perhaps the hired help which were employed on the farm and in the house. His desire to investigate whatever came in his way was prominent, as sundry unlocked chests, drawers, and cupboards could bear witness. These characteris- tics never deserted him, though they were educated and properly directed in after-life. His mirthful- ness, love of innocent sport, and spirit of thorough investigation will be well remembered by his friends. The early part of his youth was spent at home, where his warm, generous heart, his unceasing ac- tivity, his fertile imagination, his tender sense of right, his intelligent and practical ideas rendered him a general favorite ; not only in the home circle but at school, the Sabbath-school, and among all the neighbors. Being the son of a farmer, he was accustomed to hard work in the fields, and understood the theory and practice of general, successful husbandry. Farming, however, was. not his chosen occupation. His aspirations were toward a commercial educa- tion and practice. He hoped to become a success- ful and wealthy merchant. When about seventeen years of age, the late Rev. Ira Hall was holding a series of meetings at Sheffield Square, when large numbers of young people became serious and gave their hearts to THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. 9 Christ and rejoiced in his love. He, though deep- ly convicted for a long time, resisted the influ- ence of the Divine Spirit, much to the surprise and regret of those who knew and loved him. But he found it hard to fight against God ; hard to resist the pleadings of his love, hard to turn away from those who were anxious for his salvation. Night after night he attended the meetings, interested in what others would do, but determined to do noth- ing himself. One night after getting ready to go, he said to a friend who was to accompany him, " I am sorry we harnessed the team, it is no use for me to attend meeting, I think I will put the horses back into the barn." But after some persua- sion he concluded to go. He entered the house, took a back seat, and looked on. But God's Spirit wrought mightily upon his heart, and near the close of the meeting he arose and made this emphatic declaration. "I have counted the cost, and I am resolved to be a Christian.'' He sat down. That night, yea that hour was the crisis of his life. He had heard the call of God, and respond- ed, "Not my will but Thine be done." None knew the meaning to him of that expression, — " the cost." It meant, I will give up all my selfish ideas, aspirations, and ambitions, my dreams of wealth, and home, and ease, of worldly honor, and personal independence, and at God's call I will enter a life 10 MEMORIAL OP REV. of toil, a servant to others,, with no home on earth, no wealth — only in the Cross and ministry of Jesus Christ. But he counted the cost only,-— not the reward, thank God that cannot be counted ; and he was resolved to be a Christian. From that decision there was no turning back. T. H. Ken aston never turned back ! So clear, defi- nite and full were the evidences of his conversion that he never entertained a doubt upon the subject. He entered earnestly and joyfully into the exercises of religious worship and work ; and with all the warmth of pure Christian love he entreated his companions and friends to give their hearts to Christ. His most intimate associates testify to his unshrinking faithfulness in every duty which God laid before him. He was baptized and received into the Wesleyan Methodist Church, by brother Hall. His whole course and purpose of life were now changed ; his plans for study and labor were turned into another channel. The whole community seemed at once to recog- nize the fact that God had called him to be an am- bassador for Christ; and not only his own people but others, and especially ministers of other de- nominations took pleasure in giving him a public opportunity of exhorting the people to come to Christ. No man who feels in his soul that God has laid his hand upon him and set him -apart as a " chosen vessel for his service" can regard the voca- THOMAS HARVEY RENASTON. 11 fcion as either trifling or optional ; nor will he feel like putting himself hastily forward in this holy and responsible calling. He spent days and nights in prayer, self-examination and consecration of himself to God's holy service. Conscientious, mod- est and retiring as he was, this was a subject of in- finite importance. He viewed it as both the grand- est and most difficult work ever entrusted to man. Grand in its relation to God ; its grasp of truth ; its revelation of an incarnate Deity ; its atonement for sin and salvation of penitent believers, and its fearful condemnation of the finally incorrigible; and difficult, as it exhibits mortal man grappling with immortal truth — a heavenly treasure in an earthen vessel ; man under a Divine obligation to beseech men in Christ's stead to be reconciled to God. If an inspired Apostle of great learning and experience, viewing this important office, was con- strained to ask, "Who is sufficient for these things?" what must have been the feelings of a bashful boy, when the holy responsibility was rest- ing on his soul ? Like the same Apostle he was able to feel " I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me." His preparatory academical course was begun at the Newbury Seminary in the year 1856 and continued in 1857. While there a circumstance occurred which excited his self-respect, his attach- ment to the Church and people of his choice, and 12 MEMORIAL OF KEY. shows the boy a man. The Newbury School was established and sustained by the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and at that time, when the anti-slavery contest was ripening for its harvest of liberty, it was quite common for those connected with the Seminary to refer to the Wesleyan Methodists in terms of derision and bitter contempt. Young Kenaston was no coward ; and though the odds were so much against him in numbers, he nev- er permitted a good opportunity to teach the truth upon this important subject, to pass unimproved. His testimony was plain, earnest, in a Christian spirit, and such as the verdict of history has fully sustained. When he became satisfied that to re- main there longer was to dishonor himself, and re- tard his intellectual and spiritual qualifications for the ministry, he quietly packed his trunks and left the school, to become a student of the Orleans In- stitute at Glover, Vt., and a boarder in the family of Rev. Dyar Willis, by whom he was very highly prized as an excellent young man, a growing Christian, and a fine scholar. The intimacy here began never waned, but increased in richness and strength to the time of his death. While in Glover, an effort was made to persuade him to change his plan, and enter the ministry in the Congregational Church, But though the in- ducement was somewhat flattering, and presented by a sincere friend, yet so firm and conscientious 1H0MAS HARVEY KEN ASTON. 13 were his attachments to the principles of the Wes- leyan Methodist Connection, that he politely, but positively rejected the proposal. His first effort to preach was made in Salem, Yt., accompanied by a young exhorter — Alva Gray. Both looked forward to long, useful lives in the cause of Christ. But alas both have fallen. Fal- lenein body, but promoted in spirit. Young Gray was cut down in an assault upon the rebel works before Petersbugh. After completing his course at Glover, brother Kenaston returned home for a few weeks. But upon consulting with Rev. John Croker, then pas- tor of the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Sheffield, he decided to enter the Wesleyan Methodist Semi- nary at Leoni, Mich., under the Presidency of Rev. John McEldowney. This institution was then struggling to attain the status of a college. At the beginning of the Fall term of 1858, he began his collegiate course. His entire school-life after his conversion was characterized by an earnest activity in all the religious interests of the school. He of- ten took the lead of inquiry, class, and prayer- meetings, and he was an excellent leader ; sound- ing a key-note which would draw the whole company to a higher tone, and richer, deeper har- mony with the Spirit of the Master. He remained at Leoni until that Institution was removed to Adrian, Mich., and became Adrian College, While this re- 14 MEMORIAL OP REV. moval was being completed and suitable buildings finished for the reception of the students, he with some others spent one term in the Methodist Epis- copal College at AlbioD, Michigan. There he formed the acquaintance of Miss Effie G-. Anderson, a student in the College, daughter of Col. John Anderson, of Parma, Mich. In Miss Anderson he realized his ideal of female excellence, and he became very much interested in her, and that interest increased as their acquaint- ance ripened, until he determined to do what Mrs. Browning so beautifully recommends. a Learn to win a lady's faith Nobly, as the thing is high ; Bravely, as for life and death — With loyal gravity. >7 His feelings at this time are best expressed in his own words in a record made during his wife's visit to her maiden home, while he occupied a pastorate in Lisbon, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. " Saturday Eve, Oct. 20, 1866. It is a splendid evening. It makes me think of some evenings I spent in Albion, when my heart yearned so much to be with one absent to night, — when it longed for an opportunity to whisper in the ear of one who was only too worthy to hear it, that little word which has eased so many hearts, and been listened to so many times with pleasure, because it touched a similar feeling. Oh, how great THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. 15 would have been the satisfaction on some of those beautiful nights if I could have strolled away with her who was in my thoughts almost constantly night and day and told her all ! Well, time gave me the coveted privilege, though it was delayed. I feel to-night a little of the same desire to be in the presence of my absent one." It seems then, that while Greek, Latin, Philoso- phy and Mathematics were imparting strength and culture to his intellect, Cupid was busy expanding, enriching and ennobling his heart with love. Which of these influences is the most important we need not attempt to decide, as both are eminently necessary to the full development of the man, and each is largely dependent upon the other for its worth and beauty. Both should be sanctified by the Divine Spirit and consecrated to the glory of God. With the opening of the Winter term he re- moved to Adrian College, where he remained till the Summer of 1861, when his school-days closed? though not his education ; for he was a careful stu- dent to the end of life. While in Adrian he was honored by the presidency of a literary society, which he filled with satisfaction and credit. At the close of his College life he returned to Vermont. He was ordained by the Champlain Annual Conference, at West Chazy, N. Y., Sunday, May 12,1861. He immediately undertook the pas. 16 MEMORIAL OP REV. toral work of the Sheffield Church, which he con- tinued for a year with acceptance and success. In the Fall he made a short visit to Michigan, the main object of which can be gathered from a notice which appeared in the Wesleyan soon after his re- turn. , " Married in Parma, Mich., Oct. 22, 1861, by Rev. S. Fassett, Rev. T. H. Kenaston of Sheffield, Vt., and Misa Effie Gr., daughter of Col. John Anderson, of Parma." In personal appearance he was tall and slight, graceful and dignified ; fine regular features ; clear, warm, keen eyes ; his countenance expressed frank- ness, gentleness, decision ; his firm rapid motion indicated an important present purpose j his voice, distinct, smooth and musical ; his manner earnest, thoughtful, impressive. As was said of a noble Englishman, " He ap- peared outwardly the express type of what he in- wardly was — a courageous Christian soldier, a fearless fighter of the good fight, a powerful leader, strong to command, to exhort and to encourage ; whose daily life was war to the death with every base and evil thing, and whose preaching was like a clarion call to duty, to devotedness, to all that was holy, lovely, noble, and of good report." In the Spring of 1862 he became pastor of the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Weybridge, Addison Co., Yt. Here he remained four years. As a minister of Christ he possessed many rare THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. 17 qualifications. Not only in his active earnestness and never flagging zeal, but in that intelligent ap- prehension of truth, and that happy manner of ex- pressing it which rendered his public ministrations always acceptable. His sermons were full of thought, and that thought having for its central point, its crowning attraction, Jesus Christ as the crucified Savior of lost men. He made every one believe that he was in earnest for their salvation. He realized intensely the richness of the truth as it is in Jesus ; and the blessed fullness of that life of Christ which may be enjoyed in every Christian soul. He felt that he had a message from God, and he was anxious to deliver it to the people. He knew that true ministerial success consisted not in popular applause, in large salaries, or in smiling congregations; but in the changed heart and the new life of those who heard his words. He left no means untried, he let no opportuni- ties pass for overcoming stubborn hearts, and winning them to the love and faith of Christ. He was gentle and kind as a woman ; but as in- flexibly determined and courageous as a lion. He was willing, yea, anxious to work earnestly and ex- haustively to accomplish the great results of his mission. The 22nd of October, 1863- — the second anniver- sary of their marriage — was made very sad to them by death. Miss Jennie Anderson, a younger sister 18 MEMORIAL OP REV. of Mrs. Kenaston, a beautiful and amiable young lady, had come from her Western home to stay a time with her sister. She had won many friends in Wey bridge, and was hoping for many bright years, when suddenly she was taken sick, and after a short but very painful illness she escaped the ter- rible sufferings of earth for the glorious joys of heaven. Concerning this brother Kenaston wrote : " I shall never forget this — her fearful suffering, and her triumph. How blessed to die feeling saved, saved by Jesus. How blessed too to live saved — saved every day and all the while. This is the sal- vation we want ; nothing else should satisfy us." Her death made a deep impression, not only up- on brother and sister Kenaston, who felt it so keen- ly, but upon the kind friends who did all that human love could prompt, and then witnessed her death which was at last as serene and lovely as her brief illness had been disturbed and agonizing. While in Weybridge they became the parents of two children, a daughter and a son. As these cares multiplied the parents' hearts were enriched and strengthened for every good and noble under- taking. In the Spring of 1864, a fearful sickness broke out in Weybridge by which fourteen persons, some the most healthy in town, died in a very short time. Brother Kenaston was deeply impressed with the importance of his work in trying to win THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. 19 men to Christ. He labored more earnestly than ever before to persuade men to live prepared for death and eternity. I remember very well how the subject seemed to fill his whole mind at the Conference, held just after these deaths in Wey- bridge. That Spring the Conference was held in Lisbon, N. Y., and he had been elected to preach the opening sermon which he did on Wednesday, April 27, 1864, at 10 o'clock, from 2 Cor. ii : 16. " And who is sufficient for these things ?" The ser- mon was carefully prepared, written out in full dur- ing those fearful days and nights when funerals were nearly every day and death every night. He delivered it without the manuscript, having commit- ted it to memory. It was, I believe, one of the ablest and most spiritual sermons I ever heard in our Conference. His own soul was deeply inter- ested in the theme, and he made every minister present feel that it was a solemn thing to preach the truth of God to men ; that they must be in- spired with the love of God to do it successfully. Cawdray says : " As one candle cannot light anoth- er unless itself be lighted, no more can a minister inflame others with the love of God if he be void of it." His ministry in Weybridge was attended with good ; many found Christ through his labors and instruction, and he left many warm and earnest friends when in the Spring of 1866, he moved to Lisbon, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. 20 MEMORIAL OF REV. The principal reason for his removal from Wey- bridge to Lisbon, as he told me, was, that he might have a broader field of labor. How few men there are in this age of the world who are searching for more duties and weariness in the cause of Christ. But his eye of faith saw not so much the pain and warfare, as the glorious rest and victory which lay just beyond, and shed mellow rays of golden light over all his years of toil. There are few men of so frail constitution who have worked as hard and as constantly as he. His heart was so large, and his zeal so ardent, that he was ready to undertake all the work he could perform. One element in his character, and contributing largely to his ministerial success, was his deep spirituality. He lived and labored as one who had a rich experience in the things of God ; one who enjoyed day by day a foretaste of that heaven which he offered to others. And without this, all other qualifications must be in vain. Pro- found learning, brilliant intellect, polished manners, eloquent delivery, popular applause altogether cannot make amends for a want of earnest piety and intimate and continued communion with God. He realized that all the lustre of Christian charac- ter ; all the beauty of a holy life ; all the power for Christian usefulness is but the reflection of the glory of that Savior who dwells in the hearts of his ser- vants. His study of the Word of God was not to THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. 21 build up any favorite theory, or to find weapons for carnal combat j but to find the deepest, purest springs of Divine truth, and not only drink thereof himself, but to be able to lead other thirsting souls to the same fountain. He remained in Lisbon four years, doing noble service for the Master in every department of Chris- tian usefulness. The labor and exposure of this circuit was more than his slender frame and deli- cate constitution could endure. He held long se- ries of evening meetings several miles from home, and was obliged to return to his family through the cold winds and deep snows after the exhaustive labors of the evening. It would be hardly pos- sible to escape colds and coughs and weak lungs under such circumstances. He resisted the en- croachments of disease long and nobly, but at last his cheerful, hopeful, determined mind yielded to the stubborn fact that his health was seriously im- paired. While in Lisbon he was offered a good position and salary in the ministry of the Congregational Church, but deemed it his duty and privilege to continue the conflict for truth in what he considered to be the "advance guard of the Lord.'s grand army." He was a member of the Union Convention at Cleveland, June 21st, 1865, and was the only man of one hundred and fifty who voted not for the 22 MEMORIAL OP REV. Union. The unhappy results of this movement prove that he was wiser than his associates. He was Secretary of the Champlain Conference four years, and would have been chosen President then had he not removed to Syracuse. He attended three General Conferences; at Fulton, N. Y., Cleveland, 0., and Syracuse, N. Y., though he was a delegate only at Cleveland. Brother Kenaston was in its high and true sense a Christian Refoimer. He was clear in his views and bold in his defense of truth. What he knew to be right he shrunk not from maintaining. He was, however, careful and thorough in his examina- tion of principles and practices ; therefore when he reached a conclusion, he was able to give a reason for it which was sound and defensible ; and if he did not always convince his opposers, he at least compelled them to acknowledge that he was an in- telligent and consistent opponent. He was a pro- gressive reformer, dwelling- not upon the dead issues of the past, but pushing vigorously to the front rank of the grand army of to-day. He frank- ly and successfully met the advocates of the domi- nant systems of evil, whether in the boldness and impudence of open daylight, or in the shrinking cowardice of secret darkness. He was able — un- like Diogenes — to find a man at mid-day without a lantern ; but he was suspicious of those who needed curtained mid-night to prove their manhood. Yet THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. 23 he was no Cynic, or misanthrope, searching only for faults and excrescences in his fellow-men. He was a lover of mankind, and sought by correct teaching, friendly association, and a consistent life to do them good. He was more than a spectator in the great conflicts of the present age. His sword was unsheathed and bright and keen from exercise and care. He believed that truth like the golden sun would at last break through the darkness and clouds of error's night, and shine over all the hills and plains ; and his ambition was to stand and work where the first glintings of its glory would beautify his soul ; not merely for his own good, but for the better service and higher glory of the Master. He was willing to bear the present pain of truth's thorny crown, knowing that in the end each thorn would be changed to a gem of diamond-worth and radiance. Ah ! the cowards will be sorry then that they refused truth's strange regality. Though he courted not the reformer's unjust censure, yet he expected it all, and was prepared to meet it. The storms beat upon him in vain ; for he had chosen his position, and approved by his conscience and his God he was as firm as a Spartan hero. " Where'er he went This lesson still he taught, to fear no ill But sin ; — no being but Almighty God." None who knew him say he was ambitious for the honors of the world. If God was glorified, 24 MEMORIAL OP REV. truth victorious and men were saved, he "was satis- fied. And may I not add that he loved truth just as truly when she was bleeding from the dagger- wounds of her enemies, as when crowned with the laurel- wreath of victory. Like Diogenes he could not be beaten from the door where truth was taught and worshiped. He never allowed that false notion — that ministers are exempt from political responsi- bility — to deter him from the true and ennobling duties of an American freeman. He realized that he was a man, as well as a minister, and was as accountable for his manhood as for his ministry. He felt a deep interest in every effort to secure just laws and good and wise rulers. His earnest, conscientious, intelligent opposition to all secret societies began in early life and con- tinued to his death. He was a member of three National Conventions of Christians opposed to Secret Societies held in Pittsburgh, Penn., .Chi- cago, 111., and Worcester, Mass., besides numerous conventions and meetings of a less extended char- acter, in all of which he was ever honored and ap- preciated as a prudent and wise counselor, an earn- est advocate — prompt, modest and capable. The following from his pen explains his position and expectations upon the question of Secretism, and the organized opposition to it on the part of Christian men. " In this movement I think I see the life and salvation of the Church; the Church which has to an alarming extent THOMAS HARVEY KEN ASTON. 25 been in the wilderness of combined and organized secrecy. My soul rejoices — yea greatly rejoices in this up-rising of a few of God's elect to meet the enemies of our Christ— those who have taken away our Lord and tell us of another way to heaven. 7 my Father, lead them out of their darkness ; expose their corruption ; bring all their wicked counsels to naught ! Christ, let not Thine enemies prevail against Thee, nor Thy blood-bought Church! Help Thy professed people to see to it that they build upon The©!' "We should never array ourselves against any cause be- cause it is unpopular — nor on the side of any cause because it is popular. We should be cautious about that which is generally received. Truth generally has but few friends. We should seek to know what is true and what is false, and always be on the side of truth. If we oppose we should know why. If we favor we should be able to give a good reason for that favor. 'Prove all things.' There is much blind favor, and much ignorant opposition. Every cause and truth which are a part of Christianity can not be over- thrown, while all error must come to naught. Truth and right are immortal. Error and wrong are perishable. Light will triumph over darkness, and truth over error. Many a cause has thought itself strong when it was just ready to be brought to naught. As regards myself I have reached this point in my faith. Tell me what is right and I will tell you what will triumph. Secretism is one of the great agencies^elied on by many at the present time for re- forming and saving men. But this is only one of the lingering forms or branches of the ' Age of Reason,' and will as surely give way to the Divine plan of saving men by light, as that Christianity succeeds. I regard these ef- forts to save men by this means as simply and purely, Be- lial against Christ. It will fail and Christ will triumph." In the Spring of 1867 he was urged to unite with 2 26 MEMORIAL OF REV. the Methodist Episcopal Church, as slavery was no longer in the way. He replied : — " I believe that Masonry will produce as severe a conflict as sla- very. No !— the Wesleyan Methodist Connection is a moral necessity ; and it would be sinful and offen- sive in the sight of God to leave a pure Church and enter one in " fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness/' He was told he could fight Masonry just as well inside of that Church. He replied: — " Depend upon it ; to oppose Masonry or any evil that has a foot-hold in that Church, will brand you as one causing division ; a disturber of the peace of the Church. Besides, I consider the government of the Methodist Episcopal Church despotic, and in direct opposition to the commands of the Son of God as recorded in Matt, xx : 25, 26. He was told that if the Wesleyans went as a body he would have to go with them or stand alone. His reply was, " 1 do not anticipate such an issue. I have confidence in our people, and in the principles we have embraced ; but if what you predict should oc- cur, I could not with my present views enter the Methodist Episcopal Church. I should much pre- fer a home among the Free Baptists or Congrega- tionalists. A Church which discards the rights oi the laity can never have my sanction or support.' 7 Brother Kenaston was an earnest, consistent, persevering advocate of total abstinence from all intoxicating beverages. He not only lectured and THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. 27 preached on the subject repeatedly, but he was foremost and constant in his effort to search out and bring to deserved punishment the illicit dealer in the deadly poison. His views upon this reform may be understood from the following extracts, " With this as with all other important subjects we must have agitation — « preach.' "Arrived at Ogdensburgh about 12 M., and at Lisbon a little before 2 P. M. The next train Would have been too late for the promised lecture* Here four years of hard labor Were spent among a kind and appreciative people. Many are here who are very dear to nie-^rendered so by many acts of kindness deceived, and by laboring together in the Vineyard of the Master. May God bless them all and bring them to heaven at last " In the evening lectured on Temperance at the Church, according to previous engagement. Though the traveling Was rough, the night dark and cold, THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. 35 and the church in a country place, yet there was a full house. It was really .gratifying to look upon so many familiar faces, and I felt that I shook hands with them all in my heart as I arose to speak. It really seemed like home. The full house was to me as good a welcome into that pulpit where I had so many times tried to preach the word of life, as I desired. " At the close of the lecture the speaker said to the audience that he had become a sort of a book- peddler, and could furnish them with ' Finney on Masonry,' ' Broken Seal,' or ' Masonic Conspiracy;' also had some 'Rathbun Outrage' tracts for sale, and other tracts for gratuitous distribution. Brother Foster, the present pastor of the Church, consented to act as the speaker's agent for the time, and he had the great pleasure of spending a short time in friendly greetings. That Brother Foster has a warm place in the hearts of his people, hardly need be said. It certainly need not be to the brethren of the Champlain Conference. He has labored on this Charge several years before. His congrega- tions are large, and I trust the Lord will crown his labors with abundant success, ere this Conference year shall close. il After meeting, found a home for the night, with Brother John Martin. Was very sorry to find Brother Aiken so poorly. Tuesday morning, hav- ing taken cold the previous evening, for the first 36 MEMORIAL OP KEV. time in my life raised considerable blood. Whether this was from the throat or lungs, do not know. " Tuesday forenoon, went to Brother Dawley's to see about my horse which he had been keeping for me during my stay in Syracuse, calling on my way out and return on brethren Norway, William and George Boice, Robison, Clements, Robinson, and Spafford. Took dinner at Brother Dawley's, after which made an attempt to pay him for keep- ing my horse six months, when I was met with this — shall I say strange rebuff — ' I shall not take anything,' assigning this as a reason, Much of the suffering of earth is in consequence of a defective body. Every nerve is full of capa- city to receive pain, and how often this capacity is 78 MEMORIAL OF REV. tested to its utmost. The heart is subject to in- tense agony, and often this agony is experienced until each drop of blood the heart contains seems changed to a blistering coal of fire. Sorrow is not a stranger to the human heart which sometimes stops to tarry for the night ; it is a resident who claims possession and authority. It is not an over- shot thread which may be picked out and leave the fabric still complete ; it is the very woof in the full web of our existence. Our brother whom we mourn to-day knew some- thing of this suffering. He has felt the cutting, crushing pains in brain and lungs and heart. His entire physical structure, like a broad thorough- fare, has been run over and trodden hard by a host of iron-hoofed pangs which seemed to vie with each other in producing the most intense mis- ery. But this has all ended now, and he has en- tered into the enjoyment of that spiritual, "house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens." The Apostle teaches that such is the state of the Christian whose earthly house of this tabernacle is dissolved, and he declares that " we who are in this tabernacle do groan being burdened," ear- nestly " desiring to be clothed upon with our house which is from heaven." Of the saint's hea- venly body the word of God is explicit. It is, celestial, spiritual, incorruptible, immortal; pos- sessing power and glory. It is like unto Christ's THOMAS HARVEY KEN ASTON. 79 glorious body. When such facts are before the mind, how triumphantly we may look beyond our short-lived bodily pains to the immortal glory of our spiritual body and exclaim, " I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us." 2. The reward of heaven will include a mind complete, active, capable of extended research, and untiring application. Many sufferings of this life are of the mind. There exist care, anxiety, mental weakness and pain. It is often obliged to act through a frail, decaying body and cannot manifest its real power. Then, its powers are shut in by all its material surroundings, and cannot secure a complete devel- opment till freed from earth's prison-walls and clay-born fetters. How often we are told, espe- cially by the sick, I cannot control my mind, I can not meditate as I wish ; my mind wanders, grows weary, and if I press it too far it becomes to some extent deranged. But when it shall be re- leased from its connection with the body and enters its spiritual tenement, the mind will become a complete faculty of unceasing activity, capable of extending its researches indefinitely ; to labor and enjoy without limits of fear or fatigue. How often in this life we find ourself unable to express the deepest and richest thoughts and feelings of 80 MEMORIAL OF REY. our mind. But in the future life, mind will be able to communicate with mind without a veil be- tween, and the clearest ideas of the mind will be just as clear to each communing mind. " Now we see through a glass darkly ; but then face to face ; now I know in part, but then shall I know even as also I am known." 3. The souls of the saints in heaven rejoice in the highest freedom, and in the rich and near union with God, and are able to drink large draughts from the infinite fountains of divine pleasure. Herein consists much of the glory referred to in our text, " Glory revealed in us ;" that is, in the glorified state of the Christian's soul. Here happiness unalloyed wells up and overflows the ransomed spirit. Here the depth and purity and holiness of the Christian religion is seen in the clear light of eternal truth. In this world men often deceive themselves by thinking they are grateful to God, when they are only happy in their own temporal surroundings, and were these bless- ings withdrawn would become discontented and rebellious. That state of good feeling which is only warmed into existence and kept alive by continual supplies of joy is not the religion of Jesus Christ. For when sorrow comes, in its drenching shower, it is chilled and dies ; when the hot sun of trial pours its scorching rays upoD it, how soon it withers away. This will not cause THOMAS HARVEY KEN ASTON. 81 " glory to be revealed in us" in the future world. The religion of Christ emits a soft and mellow light even in the darkest hours ; and sheds a com- forting influence upon sorrow which robs it of its sting, and imparts a sweet and holy joy, which like an under-current, quietly and yet surely bears the soul of its possessor toward the haven of rest, where infinite happiness and glory are sure to be revealed. The richest point in human nature is the immor- tality of the soul, and its consequent capacity for receiving the permanent polish of heavenly glory. If this point is rejected, there is nothing left in man worthy the price of human redemption. But thank God, nature, the character of the soul, and divine revelation harmoniously attest the truth of this important doctrine. How striking the words of the poet Addison : " Whence this pleasing hope, this fond desire, This longing after immortality ? Or, whence this secret dread and inward horror Of falling into naught. Why shrinks the soul Back on herself and startles at destruction ? ' Tis the Divinity that stirs within us — * Tis heaven itself that points out an hereafter, And intimates Eternity to man. ******** The soul, secure in her existence, smiles At the drawn dagger, and defies its point. The stars shall fade away, the sun himself 4* 82 MEMORIAL OF REY. Grow dim with age, and Nature sink in years j But thou shalt flourish in immortal youth, Unhurt amid the war of elements, The wreck of matter, and the crash of worlds. " Robertson says " We are not conscious of the mighty cravings of our half divine humanity ; we are not aware of the God within us, till some chasm yawns which must be filled, or till the rend- ing asunder of our affections forces us to become fearfully conscious of a need." And we can safe- ly add that there is nothing which can fill this yawning chasm, and satisfy these mighty cravings, like the reception of Jesus Christ as the conscious need of the human soul. He is the divine remedy furnished by Infinite Wisdom as a sufficient anti- dote for all the ills of human existence, in time and in eternity. And the lustre he imparts to human character in its darkest hours is as distinct and precious, and even more indestructible than that of the richest diamond compared with an ordinary pebble. Well might the inspired Apos- tle exclaim " Thanks be to God, which giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ" — vic- tory which crowns eternity with ceaseless and in- creasing glory. 4. The rewards of heaven include farther, the excellence and splendor of the eternal city as the glorious home of the child of God. History informs us that the idolatrous temple of THOMAS HARVEY KENASTOtf. 83 Diana at Ephesus was so bright and dazzling that the doorkeeper always cried to all that entered it, " Take heed to your eyes." But even Diana in her highest glory when compared with the magnifi- cence and grandeur of the city of God dwindles into insignificance and meanness. Its walls are of jasper, and its gates of solid pearl. The streets of the city are pure gold, transparent as glass ; we have no such gold in this world j it is the gold of heaven. Its foundations are garnished with all manner of precious stones. There is no need of the sun, for the glory of God and the Lamb is the light thereof. There is no temple there, for the Lord God Almighty is the temple of it. The river of life, clear as crystal, proceed- ing out of the throne of God, waters the city. But why do we enumerate its beauties, for human language must forever fail in describing the glory of God and his holy habitation. And yet we shall not be oppressed with its brilliancy as were the Ephesian worshipers; for immortal vision is never pained or weary. As to the scenery of heaven— the mountains, the valleys, the rivers, the groves — plains dressed in beauty, and hills of de- light, the seas, lakes, and fountains, the arbors, the lawns, the flowers, and the fruits ; we may be sure that whatever human or angelic conception could grasp of beauty or loveliness is far excelled in 84 MEMORIAL OF REV. in the divine fullness, variety, unity and grace of that celestial country. 5. A further reward will consist in the blissful associations of heaven. When we think that all the good, the noble, the pure will there be our constant companions, we cannot wonder that the wasting, dying ones of earth often sigh and exclaim, u I long, Oh ! I long to be there." There is a way which God has of calling our at- tention to the realities of the spiritual world. And that is by transplanting our brighest and sweetest flowers to bloom in his own Elysian fields. The rich fragrance of a holy life will sometimes linger around our hearts and tempt us to turn away from the muddy pools of earth, and long to fill a golden goblet from the crystal fount of life. The attrac- tions of heaven are sometimes seen more clearly through the mists that arise from a new-made grave. The closing coffin lid may be to us the opening door of heaven. The heart rent with anguish will sometimes admit the beaten oil of peace. A sad and desolate home on earth may suggest to the mind that joyful home of com- panionship" on high. That vacant chair at our table may remind 113 that another seat is occupied in the family above. 1H0MAS HARVEY KEN ASTON, 85 As Brother Kenaston said in a letter of condo- lence to me, on the death of our little son : — ■ " May that Jesus whom yon preach and recom- mend to others in affliction, as 'The Balm of Gilead,' be your own Kedeemer and Comforter, Jesus said to Peter, 'What I do thou knowest not now, but thou shalt know hereafter.' 0, how unsearchable are some of the ways of Jesus to us 1 now? — -but in the revelations of eternity r s morning, we shall see wisdom in them all. He is our best Friend, and will not allow one unnecessary drop to be added to our cup of affliction. " There is a new light in the window of heaven for you ; new little feet walking heaven's golden pave- ments ; a new shining one among the infant choir that makes heaven's arches ring, ' We cannot tell what form is his, What look he weareth now ; Nor guess how bright a glory crowns His shining seraph browj The thoughts that fill bis sinless soul ? The bliss he there doth feel ; Are numbered with the secret things Which God doth not reveal. But this we know- -for He told ua this — That he is now at rest, Where other blessed children be On their Savior's loving breast. We know the angels fold him safe Beneath their glittering wings, M MEMORIAL OP REV. And soothe him with a song that breathes Of heaven's divinest things.'" I love to think of the associations of the better land ; for I know that whatsoever is pleasant, and profitable, and holy in human society on earth will be intensified and magnified beyond our high- est ideas in the society of heaven. " I love to think of heaven. The saints' eternal home, Where palms, and robes, and crowns ne'er fade And all their joys are one. I love to think of heaven — The greetings there we'll meet, The harps, the songs forever onrs, The walks — the golden streets." *' Yes, we'll meet, in yonder mansions, Where our wanderings all shall cease, There we'll meet our dear companions, And be crowned with perfect peace." We sometimes sing u Friends fondly cherished have passed on before, Waiting they watch me approaching the shore." And the poet's words are founded upon the truth of God, and may be sung with faith and comfort in our days of watching for the shadowy outline of the distant shore. Do you think we shall spend our time there in mourning over the sorrows of earth ? When we were children, a broken toy, or a slight bruise was a sad thing to us. But do we THOMAS HARVEY KENASTOtf> 87 ever mention such things in comparison with the mature happiness of manhood ? No ! nor shall we think by and by that the heaviest blows of earth are worth treasuring up with the joys of the golden Gity, In fact, the sufferings of earth are valuable only as educators, to develope and disci- pline and purify ; and when their purpose is ac- complished they may, like the stagings to a house, be taken away and not left to mar the beauty of the finished mansion. But the associations of heaven will not be con- fined to our friends, or to humanity. There will be angelic and divine perfection with which our companionship will be intimate and satisfying; which will tend still deeper to bury the memory of our past sorrow. " For the Lord God will wipe away tears from off all faces," a,nd thus leave no traces of sadness to mix our joy. But one may ask if our loved ones in heaven remember their friends who are still on earth. Most certainly they do. Even the rich man in hell remembered his brethren on earth. And Abraham told him to remember his earthly privi- leges and comforts. And further, Abraham knew that his brethren had the writings of Moses and the prophets, all of which had transpired cen- turies after Abraham went to heaven; so it ap- pears that the Patriarch kept well-informed about earthly affairs. And if Abraham, why not others ? 88 MEMORIAL OF RET. la fact Luke tells us that Moses and Elias talked with Christ at the transfiguration about his ap- proaching death at Jerusalem, showing their knowl- edge of earthly events. I have no doubt that our friends in heaven love us more truly and purely than they ever did on earth. Some have supposed that a knowledge of earth- ly woes would produce unhappiness in those who are in the spirit world. This cannot be true, for Abraham and Lazarus had a knowledge of the woes of hell ; the angels know the wickedness of men; the saints at the Judgment will know of the departure to their deserved punishment; but this knowledge cannot make them unhappy. The truth is, heaven is an antidote for all sorrow ; and starting from this fact every true theory will har- monize with it. Man takes with him to the hea- venly world all his intelligence and all his love, and he will never know less or love less than he did on earth. Every longing of the heart will there be satisfied. Our noblest, grandest aspirations will there find fullest development. Do we love music, beauty, art, science, culture, friendship, eloquence, truth, holiness, mercy ? We shall there find them all and infinitely more in their richest perfection, and may drink our fill from every spring of joy which God has opened. " I shall be satisfied when I awake with thy likeness." 6. Another element of heavenly reward will THOMAS HARVEY KEN ASTON. 89 be the opportunity and capacity for studying the character of God, in his goodness, wisdom, power and love, and all the infinite expansion of his ex- cellence which he shall reveal to his redeemed children. This revelation will have a transforming influ- ence upon the human soul. " We all, with open face beholding, as in a glass, the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory." u It doth not yet appear what we shall be ; but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him ,* for we shall see him as he is." The great English philanthropist, Wm. Wilber- force, once asked Robert Hall, " What is your idea of heaven ?" The eminent preacher, who had for twenty years been an intense sufferer, replied, " My chief conception of heaven, is, that it is a rest." " And mine," said the amiable statesman " is, that it is a place of love.'''' Others regard it as a home. May we not blend these three ideas and think of heaven as a lovely home of glorious rest. Well might Bro. Kenaston say, as he did in his letter to the Champlain Conference, in April 29th, 1872:— " Brethren : — I am not afraid to die, if I under- stand myself. When my work is done, I ask not to stay longer. The grave has no gloom to me ; I look to it as a place of sweet, quiet rest for poor weary pilgrims. It never looked so good to me as 90 MEMORIAL OP REV. now. My life, my home, my hopes, my heaven, are all beyond it." Truly that rest is glorious which follows faith- ful Christian labor. The world is full of men who never need to rest, because they never weary themselves by labor. Too many such are in the Church of Christ, and they seem more anxious to spare themselves, than to rescue perishing souls. He who never endured the toil of the Christian can hardly expect to enjoy their repose. After Israel had toiled and fought and conquered, it is written, " The Lord God of Israel hath given rest unto his people." And the Prophet Isaiah says, u This is the rest wherewith ye may cause the weary to rest." And the Apostle Paul says, " Let us labor therefore to enter into that rest" No soldier expects victory till after the conflict. The battle first, the victory last. It was after years of severely contested warfare; years of toil, sacrifice, and exposure that St. Paul wrote to Tim- othy, u I am now ready to be offered, and the time of my departure is at hand. I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith; henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the right- eous Judge, shall give me at that day ; and not to me only, but unto all them also that love his ap- pearing." And he urged Timothy to imitate him, "Fight the good fight of faith." "Preach the THOMAS HARVEY KEN ASTON. 91 word; be instant in season, out of season; re- prove, rebuke, exhort with all long suffering and doctrine." And writing to the Corinthians he mentions as worthy of record that he had been more abundant in labors than other ministers of Christ. I have been thus particular to bring out this point because our dear brother Kenaston had been abundant and unremitting in his labors for Christ. His active soul longed for Christian work, and knew no limit but that of ability to do. And when that ability is intensified by an enthusi- astic love for the employment, the amount of work accomplished can hardly be estimated. He removed from Weybridge to Lisbon, and from Lis- bon to Syracuse, not to secure a larger salary, or greater confidence and love from the people, but to extend his usefulness by having more people to labor for, and more work to perform. And dur- ing his sickness, his desire to live was always associated with a desire to labor for Christ. a I wish not," said he, " to live after my work is done." How like the words of the poet : " My body with my charge lay down And cease at once to work and live." He was an excellent type of a Christian minis- ter. His early training, his Christian experience, and his theological studies all conspired to deeply impress him with the exalted and holy character necessary in a minister of Jesus Christ. And he 92 MEMORIAL OF REV. set himself studiously and prayerfully to acquire all the mental, moral, and spiritual culture de- manded in his important and sacred calling. He was zealous and earnest, but his zeal was guided by knowledge, and his earnestness was the off- shoot of intense love for Christ and perishing sin- ners. He made his hearers feel that he had Christ's spirit in his own soul and was anxious that they should partake of the same precious salvation. His brethren in the ministry will miss him, Oh, so much ! No one in our Conference was loved more sincerely, honored more highly, or will be missed more severely. In the Confer- ence business he was prompt, capable, and judi- cious. His pastoral charges were ever anxious to retain him as their teacher and guide. He was an excellent pastor, gathering about him the hearts of the aged and the youth, and leading all with his strong faith and tender love to the cross of Christ. He was a firm and consistent advocate of the distinctive reformatory principles of the Wes- leyan Methodist Connection. He was well ac- quainted with the different views upon Church Government, Slavery, Temperance, and Secret So- cieties ; and his own opinions were based not upon policy, popularity, or finance, but upon his deliber- ate conviction of the truth of God's Word. The desertion of friends, and the combination of ene- THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. 93 mies never abated his zeal, lessened his courage, or weakened his faith in the sacred truth and ulti- mate triumph of these principles. As a friend, he was true, valuable, and appre- ciated by all who understood his real worth. And yet he had no select few who alone shared the rich and generous fruits of his friendship. His warm and liberal heart took in circle after circle in the various relations and circumstances of life. As a son and brother, he was kind, affectionate, confiding; never allowing the many other things which occupied his mind to displace the loved and true of early years. How often I have heard him speak of his friends at home. His home visits were much prized by the entire family-circle j and the neighbors were made glad by his hearty presence in all their homes with a cordial hand- shake, and kind words of cheer for each and all. As a father he was tender, patient, loving, anx- ious to secure the highest good of those whom God had intrusted to his care and training. May we not hope that all his prayers for his dear chil- dren will be richly answered ? As a husband — I would not touch this nearest, holiest tie of manhood, only that I have spoken of other relations and would not seem to shrink from this. As a husband, he was all that could be de- sired in this holy relationship, which is mucli to say, as I believe there is nothing in this world 94 MEMORIAL OF REV. more pure and holy than that love which, emanat- ing from God, fills the hearts of two persons who have chosen each other as life companions; and have vowed to share the joy and sorrow, labor and repose, conflict and . victory incident to a life of active, noble, Christian usefulness. I need not say that to sever such hearts is like cutting one heart in two and leaving it crushed, trembling, bleeding. But He who wounds can heal; He who created the human heart can answer all its throbbings. When you think of the painful sufferings he has so long endured, you will almost rejoice that he has passed it all now, and entered upon that glori- ous rest which God has prepared for his children. How beautiful are the words of Carl Spencer upon " THE VICTOR'S REST." " His rest shall be glorious."— Isa. xi : 10. w Heart, that so low doth beat, Striving and tiring, Oft in the battle's heat Night's cool desiring, Look beyond life and death, Hear what the Master saith, ' To him that conquereth The rest shall be glorious." " * Stay' saith the world, * delight Lives in my bowers ; Sleep on your arms to-night Through the watch-hours.' Here is no lawful rest, THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. 95 Cease the ignoble quest, God giveth last the best j His rest shall be glorious. " l . Come/ saith the quiet grave, ' Have done with living j Rest such as mortals crave Is of my giving.' Not here, O earth of woes I Not such the saints' repose } Joy like a river flows ; His rest shall be glorious ! ." Not to the vanquished, Heaven Opens its portals ; Eest is the glory given, To crowned immortals. Where never foes surprise, Where never storms arise, Past all uncertainties, The rest shall be glorious. " Look not for mere release, Welcomed victorious I God giveth more than peace ; His rest is glorious ! Endless when once begun, Fadeless the laurels won, — Oh ! after God's < Well done,' The rest will be glorious !" My mourning friends, the sorrow through which you are passing will not be an injury to you if you keep your eye fixed on Christ, and remember that he " will never leave you nor forsake you." 96 MEMORIAL OP REV. THOMAS HARVEY KENASTON. No one ever watched by a death-bed, as you have watched, without opportunties for learning impor- tant lessons. Treasure them carefully; wisely heed them. You cannot reasonably doubt that your loved one in his spiritual life is safe in the Paradise of God. His conquering faith has met his object. Prepare to follow him and enjoy with him the glorious rewards of heaven which are incomparably greater than all the sufferings of earth. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. wmmmmmm LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 888 mm m8N8tx?AW< wmm wbhnBBSBb Mmem fflsBB&m ■ ■ ■ mffl W#mmm im m && w§mmmm m wBEBSm mnGNm mm raHHKNaHl mmmm WSBmvmWBm m m mmBSBBL. WmmWRL wKmmm^m M&K&Rvav HHB Si «j»ffi3s @gj®l«sa®BK k&sbIShSj Romas msm w&mssmBmJi WBSBWBSBBBtt mm mm SW38S ass MSG nOBMHHB MUggP HP StSBraSn OTB8 sRBBlBgttfflf #%K8S»ffl&a M£$M 9H@g& wmnmmmm, 8?kB®8sBBS ttSBSSE Issa _JHB1 &83$ffi H SftM&araffi&iK^s M&; KB M2 £BSHS mmm® m mmimmm ffiBHKSHS mmMem vssasssssm w& m G-mWBB wmmam wm 1 WR m®m$®mBmm& HHHKffiBHK mm jtgtaBnBPfEm Wm£m m WBHtmffi mm ma& mm mm mm mBBBBBm HP m m vtmnum Mm ■■■1 %mM® H HH »iiMs