American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association TS •<4f INSPECTION RULES ON HARDWOOD LUMBER AND SALES CODE OF American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association Bank of Commerce & Trust Co. Building MEMPHIS, TENN. EFFECTIVE FEBRUARY 1,1919 Copyright 1919 By American Hardwood Manufacturers- Association American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association INSPECTION RULES ON HARDWOOD LUMBER AND SALES CODE OF American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association Bank of Commerce & Trust Co. Building MEMPHIS, TENN. / ' I EFFECTIVE FEBRUARY 1,1919 INDEX M GENERAL Page Definitions 12 General Instructions 9- 11 Reinspection 7 Sales Code 6- 8 Special Inspection 131-132 Standard Weights 133-134 Standard Thicknesses 13 WOODS Ash 14- 16 Basswood 17- 20 Bay Poplar (Tupelo) 21- 23 Beech 24- 26 Birch, Red 27 Birch, White 27- 29 Buckeye 30- 32 Butternut 33- 34 Cherry 35- 37 Chestnut 38- 40 Cottonwood 41- 44 Cypress 45- 51 Elm, Rock 52- 53 Elm, Soft 54- 55 Gum, Black 56- 57 Gum, Black Quarter Sawn 58- 59 Gum, Red Plain Sawn 60- 62 Gum, Red Plain Sawn, Figured Wood... 62 Gum, Red Quarter Sawn 63- Gum, Red Quarter Sawn, Figured Wood. 65 Gum, Quarter Sawn, Sap No Defect 66 Gum, Sap 66- 69 Hackberry 70- 72 Hickory 73- 74 Locust 75- 76 Magnolia 77- 80 Mahogany, Cuban 81- 82 Mahogany, Mexican and African 83- 85 Mahogany, Philippine 86- 88 Maple, Hard 89- yi ,Ma))Ie, Soft 92- 94 n Mkn 22 iota CU513714 t INDEX — Continued WOODS— Continued Page Oak, Plain Sawn Red and White 95-101 Oak, Quarter Sawn Red and White .102-105 Pecan 106-107 Poplar, Plain Sawn 108-115 Poplar, Quarter Sawn 116 Sycamore, Plain 117-119 Sycamore, Quarter Sawn 120-122 Tupelo 21- 23 Vehicle Lumber and Dimension 99-100 Walnut 123-124 Wagon Stock 127-130 Willow 125-126 Terms, regulations and inspec- tion rules were adopted by the American Hardwood Manu- facturers' Association on Feb- ruary 1, 1919, and are known as the "Inspection Rules and Sales Code of the American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association." The Sales Code contemplates that quotations, orders and contracts cov- ering the sale of Forest Products in which the members of this Associa- tion deal, contain the clause: "Subject to the Inspection Rules and Sales Code of the American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association," and that all transactions shall be governed and controlled (with such exceptions as are specifically made in writing) by said Inspection Rules and Sales Code. A. H. M. A. SALES CODE QUOTATIONS 1. All Quotations are made subject to prior sale, immediate acceptance, and cnange without notice. ORDERS, CONTRACTS, ACKNOWLEDG- MENTS 1. All orders or contracts should be sub- mitted to the Home Office of the Seller, in writ- ing - , but whether in writing- or otherwise they shall not be considered binding until accepted by the Seller in writing from his Home Office. Such acceptance or acknowledgment of orders shall state fully and in detail the Seller's un- derstanding of the transaction, and omissions, errors or misunderstandings should be cor- rected by Purchaser by return mail. DELIVERED PRICE, FREIGHT RATES, SWITCHING CHARGES, GOVERNMENT TAX OR DUTY, DAMAGE, ETC. 1. The delivered price (F. O. B. destination) includes only the usual freight charges to point of delivery mentioned, based upon published freight rates in effect at time of quotation; switching or other terminal charges at destina- tion, any advance in freight rates, and any tax or duty assessed by the Government on freight, or the goods to be borne by the buyer. 2. The Seller does not guarantee safe delivery, nor insure against breakage, loss or damage to material while in transit. INVOICES 1. Promptly upon acceptance of shipment by initial line of Railroad, the Seller shall mail to the Purchaser an invoice giving full informa- tion in connection with shipment, and in all instances bearing date coincident with date of Bill of Lading. Omissions, clerical errors, etc., subject to correction. TERMS OF PAYMENT 1. Prompt payment for each shipment is a substantial requirement of each transaction. Freight due upon arrival of shipment at desti- nation to be paid by the Purchaser; original Expense Bill (or certified copy thereof) to be sent promptly to the Seller. 2. A discount of two (2%) per cent, will be allowed upon cash payment of ninety (90%) A. H. M. A. per cent, of invoice, less estimated freight, on receipt of invoice; balance to be remitted upon receipt and inspection of lumber. 3. Or a discount of one (17c) per cent, will be allowed for settlement by trade acceptance, due thirty (30) days from date of invoice for ninety (90%) per cent, of invoice, less esti- mated freight; balance to be remitted upon re- ceipt and inspection of lumber. 4. Or settlement by Trade Acceptance, due ninety (90) days from date of invoice for ninety (90%) per cent, of invoice, less estimated freight; balance to be remitted net upon re- ceipt and inspection of lumber. 5. No discount allowed on freight, whether or not prepaid. 6. All cash payments to be made in funds at par in Federal Reserve Bank Region in which Seller is located. GENERAL CONTINGENCY CLAUSE 1. Quotations are based upon and orders and contracts accepted under a "General Contin- gency Clause" which recognizes that in case of strikes, floods, fire, epidemics, inability to se- cure cars, delays of carriers, or any other causes whatsoever beyond the control of the Seller, shipments and deliveries may be delayed until such causes and their effects have been removed. REINSPECTION OR REM EASUREMENT 1. In the event of complaint by the Pur- chaser on the quality or inspection of material shipped, purchaser shall pay freight, unload shipment and hold rejected or disputed mater- ial intact, properly protected, and shall file complaint with Seller within five (5) days from receipt of shipment. If complaint is on meas- urement, or both inspection and measurement, the entire contents of car must be held intact. Payment of freight or invoice shall not be con- sidered as an acceptance of the shipment nor shall such payment work a forfeiture of the right to enter complaint and have adjustment of same. 2. Upon receipt of complaint from the Pur- chaser, the Seller shall immediately request the American Hardwood Manufacturers' Asso- ciation to provide reinspection or remeasure- ment, as the case may be, by one of its li- censed inspectors, according to the inspection rules of that Association in effect at the time of execution of contract. The Purchaser shall lend all reasonable assistance to facilitate the reinspection, or remeasurement. A. H. M. A. 3^ Certificates to be issued by the said Asso- ciation, showing the name of the Seller and Pur- chaser, and the results of the reinspection or remeasurement; the original to be mailed to the Seller, the duplicate to the Purchaser. 4. In the event either the Purchaser or Seller is not satisfied with the result of a reinspec- tion, he shall nave the right to demand that a reinspection be made by the chief inspector. All requests for reinspection by the chief in- spector must be made within five days from the receipt of the inspection certificate. SETTLEMENT BASED ON REINSPECTION OR REMEASUREMENT 1. Such reinspection or remeasurement, when had, shall be final and be binding upon both Seller and Purchaser. 2. The Purchaser shall accept all material of the grade and kind purchased, and all of the next lower grade not in excess of five (5%) per cent, of the total quantity involved, and shall pay for said degrade at the current propor- tionate price. All degrades in excess of five (5%) per cent, shall be the property of the Seller. A. H. M. A. 9 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS For the Manufacture, Inspection and Measurement of Hardwood Lumber 1. Lumber must be inspected and measured as the inspector finds it, of full length and width. He shall make no allowance for the purpose of raising - the grade. 2. Exceptions to the general rules are stated under the caption of the respective woods. 3. Inspection must be made from the poor side of the piece, except as otherwise sDecified. 4. These rules define the poorest piece in any given grade, but the respective grades must contain all pieces up to the next higher grade. 5. In the following rules all widths and lengths mentioned are inclusive. MANUFACTURE 1. Lumber should be properly manufactured, trimmed and edged, of good average widths and lengths. It must be of standard thick- ness when shipping dry, with the exception that in the grades of Common, the percent- age not included in the cutting may be scant in thickness, provided the cuttings are of standard thickness and that there is no greater variation in the thickness of the board than is allowed in the rule describing missawn lumber. 2. Lumber showing greater variation in thickness than 1/16" at any point in stock cut. 1/2" thick or less, or 1/8" in 5/8" and 3/4" stock, or 1/4" in 1" to 2" stock, or 3/8" in 2 1 /2" and thicker stock, must be measured at the thinnest part and classed as missawn, and graded and reported as such. MINIMUM WIDTHS 1. OOOr of the minimum widths mentioned in all grades of lumber must be full width; the remaining 10% may be 1/4" scant in width. MEASUREMENT 1. In the measurement of lumber of random widths, fractions of over 1/2', as shown on the board rule, must be counted up to the next higher figure: fractions of exactly 1/2' and less, as shown on the board rule, must be counted back to the next lower figure. 2. A board rule on which the 1/2" is clearly marked should be used. 10 A. H. M. A. 3. Tapering lumber in standard lengths must be measured one-third the length of the piece from the narrow end. TALLY 1. A piece tally in feet must be made of all lumber. All lumber of standard grades and thicknesses must be tallied face or surface measure, and this tally must be the number of feet, board measure, of 1" lumber. If the lum- ber is thicker than 1", then the tally so ob- tained must be ' multiplied by the thickness as expressed in inches and fractions of an inch. All lumber less than 1" must be counted face measure. When strips or stock widths are measured, a tally showing widths and lengths must be made. HEART 1. Heart, where the extent or damage does not exceed the equivalent of standard defects allowed, will be admitted in the grade of Firsts and Seconds. 2. In the grade of No. 1 Common, no piece shall contain heart to exceed one-half its length in the aggregate. SEASON CHECKS 1. Ordinary season checks are not to be con- sidered defects, but if of so serious a character as to damage the lumber they are to be con- sidered by the inspector. SPLITS 1. Six inches of straight split in one end, or its equivalent in both ends, will not be con- sidered a defect in the grade of Firsts and Seconds. SAP 1. Bright sap is no defect unless so stated under caption of the respective woods. STAIN 1. Stain that will surface off in dressing to the standard thickness must not be considered a defect. BURLS 1. Burls that do not contain knots or un- sound centers shall not be considered defects. WANE 1. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds, wane along the edge not exceeding one- sixth the A. H. M. A. 11 length of the piece, or its equivalent at one end or both ends, not exceeding in thickness one-half the thickness of the piece, and not exceeding in width, as shown in the follow- ing table, is not a defect: 1/2" in width in 1/2", 5/8" and 3/4" lumber. 3/4" in width in 1", 1 1/4", 1 1/2", 1 3/4" and 2" lumber. 1" in width in 2 1/2" and thicker lumber. STANDARD DEFECTS 1. One Knot 1 1/4" in diameter. 2. Two Knots not exceeding in extent or damage one 1 1/4" knot. 3. Splits — In lumber of random widths, one split not diverging more than 1" to a foot, and not exceeding in length in inches the surface measure of the piece in feet; but not more than two defects of this character are ad- mitted in a piece of the grade of Firsts and Seconds. Firsts and Seconds sold in any ser- ies of special widths 10" or wider will not allow more than one standard defect of this character in any piece. 4. Wane in excess of free wane allowed in Firsts and Seconds grade must be considered as standard defects in the proportion of 1" in width, one-sixth the length of the board, extending parallel with the edge, or its equiva- lent at one or both ends, as one standard de- fect. 5. Worm, Grub, Knot, and Rafting Pin Holes, not exceeding in extent or damage one 1 1/4" knot. 6. Heart and other defects not enumerated as standard defects that do not damage the piece more than the standard defects allowed, are equivalent defects and must be so consid- ered by the inspector. 12 A. H. M. A. DEFINITIONS CUTTINGS 1. The word Cutting as used in these rules means a portion of a board or plank obtained by cross cutting, by ripping, or by both. 2. The term Clear Face Cutting, as used in these rules, means a cutting having one face clear and the reverse face sound. 3. The term Sound Cutting, as used in these rules, means a cutting free from rot and shake and other defects which materially impair the strength of the piece. GOOD EDGE 1. The term Good Edge, as used in these rules, will admit no unsound defects, excepting a slight amount of wane, not to exceed one- third the length and one-third the thickness of the piece, or its equivalent in other defects. STANDARD GRADES 1. The standard grades of hardwood lumber are found under the caption of the respective woods. Firsts and Seconds are combined as one grade. 2. The percentage of Firsts in the combined grade of Firsts and Seconds to be as follows: 3. Poplar, not less than 50%. 4. African and Mexican Mahogany, not less than 35%. 5. Tupelo, Plain and Quartered Svcamore, White Ash, Plain Oak, Chestnut, Red Gum. Sap Gum, Cottonwood, Black Gum, Magnolia. Locust, Hackberry, and Willow, not less than 33 1/3%. 6. Cherry. Beech, Soft Elm, Buckeye, Quar- tered Oak, Quartered Red Gum, and Quartered Red Gum sap no defect, not less than 25%. STANDARD LENGTHS 1. Standard lengths are 4', 5'. 6', 7', 8'. 9'. 10'. 11', 12', 13', 14', 15' and 16', but not over 15% of odd lengths are admitted. 2. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds the lengths are 8' to 16', but there must not be more than 20% under 12' and not to exceed 10% of 8' and 9' lengths, except as otherwise specified. A. H. M. A. 13 STANDARD THICKNESSES 1. The standard thicknesses of hardwood lum- ber are: 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 3/4", 1", 1 1/4", 1 1/2", 1 3/4", 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2" 5", 5 1/2", and 6". 2. The standard thicknesses for surfaced lumber are as follows: Rough Surfaced 3/8" surfaced two sides to 3/16" 1/2" surfaced two sides to 5/16" 5/8" surfaced two sides to 7/16" 3/4" surfaced two sides to 9/16" 1" surfaced two sides to 13/16" 1 1/4" surfaced two sides to 1 3/32" 1 1/2" surfaced two sides to 1 11/32" 1 3/4" surfaced two sides to 1 1/2" 2" surfaced two sides to 1 3/4" 2 1/2" surfaced two sides to 2 1/4" 3" surfaced two sides to 2 3/4" 3 1/2" surfaced two sides to 3 1/4" 4" surfaced two sides" to 3 3/4" 3. Lumber surfaced on one side only must be 1/16" full of the above thickness. 14 A. H. M. A. ASH 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long - . Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have. one standard defect or its equiva- lent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equivalent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard., defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over "wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. A. H. M. A. 15 No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. C Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3 » clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. S. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least 50% sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square inches. No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered de- fects, and unsound lumber with sufficient sub- stance to hold nails admitted. 16 A. H. M. A. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5", 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: S' to 16'. 2. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good 6d£f6S. 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be. considered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4". 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4". 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. A. H. M. A. 17 BASSWOOD 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. , SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than . those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter; two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length. of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10' and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and V long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 18 A. H. M. A. :k •s. pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3.% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and .over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must bf> 3" and over wide. 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. % 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least 50 sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square inches. No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered detects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. A. H. M. A. 19 STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66' 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, nrmst work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 4. Pieces 3 i '2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. WAGON BOX BOARDS 1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" to 12". 2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- ping dry. 4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 5. 11' lengths will admit 3" splits in one end, or their equivalent in one or both ends. 6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or both ends. 20 A. H. M. A. 7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, or their equivalent in both ends; other- wise each piece in 11' to 13' lengths may con- tain defects that do not prevent the piece from cutting one side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side and one end; sides to work 10' 6" long, ends to work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. Each side and end may contain one sound standard defect, or its equiv- alent, showing on one side. 8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- ment that can be reduced in measurement by cutting the end or edge or both to a size ordered must be accepted and measured as box boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, showing reduction in measurement. 9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so warped that it cannot be used for box boards must be excluded from this grade. A. H. M. A. 21 BAY POPLAR (TUPELO) Jointly Adopted by American Hardwood Manu- facturers' Association and The Southern Cypress Manufacturers' Association. 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8'. 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and V long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to S" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide. 7' to 11' long, must "ork 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5 1 " to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide. 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide. 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 22 A. H. M. A. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' Ion No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide. 4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% sound in not over four cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3 "wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered which contains less than 36 square inches. WAGON BOX BOARDS 1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" to 12". 2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- ping dry. 4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 5. 11' lengths will admit 3" splits in one end, or their equivalent in one or both ends. 6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or both ends. 7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, or their equivalent in both ends; otherwise each piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects that do not prevent the piece from cutting one side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side and one end: sides to work 10' 6" long, ends to work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. Each, side and end may contain one sound standard defect, of its equivalent, showing on one side. 8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- ment that can be reduced in measurement by cutting the end or edge or both to a size or- dered must be accepted and measured as box boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, showing reduction in measurement. !S3 A. H. M. A. 23 9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so warped that it cannot be used for box boards must be excluded from this grade. B AND BETTER 1. Thicknesses: 1" to 2". 2. Widths: Shall be specified, 4", 5", 6", 8". 10" and 12", and may be furnished in assorted widths 4" to 12", admitting- 20% of '<", y" an.l 11" widths. May also be furnished In random widths, 13" and wider. 3. Lengths: S' to 20'. 4. Shall be graded from the better side. Slightly discolored sap is no defect. 5. Pieces 4" and 5" wide shall be free from defects. 6. Pieces 6" to 8" wide may have one stand- ard knot or an equivalent defect. 7. Pieces 10" wide may have one standard knot and one other equivalent defect. 8. Pieces 12" wide may have two standard knots and one other equivalent defect. 9. Pieces wider than 12" will admit addi- tional defects in proportion as width increases. 1. Thicknesses: 1" to 2". 2. Widths: Shall be specified, 4", 5", 6", 8", 10" and 12", and may be furnished in assorted widths 4" to 12" admitting 20% 7", 9" and 11" widths. 3. Lengths: 6' to 20'. 4. Shall be graded from the better side. Sound discolored sap is no defect. Standard '•not'"-, pin worm holes, and other defects will be admitted, but none that will prevent the use of each piece in its full length and width as a paint grade. 24 A. H. M. A. BEECH 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long-. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface measure may have one standard defect or its equivalent. Pieces 1C and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equivalent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30 '/o under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. G. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3" The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide. 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work A. H. M. A. 25 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, V to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least 50 % sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square inches. No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. 26 A. H. M. A. STRIPS 1. .Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1 2", 4", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on hall and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Must have one clear face and two gooc edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. A. H. M. A. 27 SELECTED RED BIRCH 1. Selected Red Birch must grade the same as Birch except as follows: 2. Pieces 5" wide must show one face all red. 3. Pieces 6" and over wide must show at least 75% red on one face. BIRCH 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' xnd 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. 28 A. H. M. A. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30 shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear lace in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide. 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" w T ide, 11' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least 50% sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square Inches. A. H. M. A. 29 No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2". 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and V long, must have one clear face and two good 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over- three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Rot' 1 edges of the cutting in this grade must be good nnd the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 30 A. H. M. A. BUCKEYE 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide. 8' and over long. Pieces. 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wjde. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must woik 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings: pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work A. H. M. A. 31 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting- to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to l long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. . 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must, work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least 50% sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square inches. No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not \ip to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. 32 A. H. M. A. WAGON BOX BOARDS 1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" to 12". 2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- ping dry. 4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 5. 11' lengths will admit 3" splits in one end, or their equivalent in one or both ends. 6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or both ends. 7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, or their equivalent in both ends; otherwise each piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects that do not prevent the piece from cutting one side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side and one end; sides to work 10' 6" long, ends to work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. Each side and end may contain one sound standard defect, or its equivalent, showing on one side. 8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- ment that can be reduced in measurement by cutting the end or edge or both to a size or- dered must be accepted and measured as box boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, showing reduction in measurement. 9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so warped that it cannot be vised for box boo ids must be excluded from this grade. A. H. M. A. 33 BUTTERNUT 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. All odd lengths must be measured. FIRSTS AND SECONDS 1. Firsts and Seconds are a combined grade and must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, and not to exceed 45% under 10' long. 2. Pieces 8' and over long, 6" and 7" wide, may have one standard defect or its equivalent. 3. Pieces 8' and over long, 8" and 9" wide, may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. 4. Pieces 8' and 9' long. 10" and over wide, may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. 5. Pieces 10' and over long, 10" and over wide, may have three standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Selects must be 4" and over wide, 6' and over long, admitting 50% under 10' long and 10% may be 6' and 7' long. 2. Pieces 6' and over long. 4" and 5" wide, must have one clear face and two good edges, and the reverse side not below grade of No. 1 Common. 3. Pieces 6' and 7' long, 6" and over wide, must have one. clear face and two good edges, and the reverse side not below the grade of No. 1 Common. 4. Pieces 8' and over long. 6" and over wide, must not grade below seconds on best face and not below No. 1 Common on poor side. 5. Will admit pieces 8' and over long with one clear face, the reverse side sound but not below the grade of No. 2 Common. 6. In lumber 5/4" and less in thickness 20% of the quantity may grade not below No. 2 Common on the poor side, provided it will work 80% sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 4' and over long. 2. Pieces 4" and over wide must work 66 2/3% clear face; no cutting to be considered which does not contain 144 square inches. 3. The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". the minimum length of any cutting to be 24". Each cutting in this grade must have one clear face and the reverse side must be sound. 34 A. H. M. A. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common will admit all lumber below the grade of No. 1 Common that will cut 50% clear face in pieces containing 72 or more square inches. The reverse face of all cuttings must be sound. The minimum width of any cutting to be 2". No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% of sound cuttings. 2. Minimum width of cutting 1 1/2", and no cutting considered which contains less .than 3( square inches. A. H. M. A. 35 CHERRY 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. "Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. One inch of bright sap in the aggregate is a standard defect in the grades of Firsts and Seconds and Selects. 4. Gum spots, if excessive, will reduce a piece one or more grades. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: F'. 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 1"'. 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 4" and over wide. R. Inspection to be made from the good side of th^ piece. 4. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear red one face and sound on the reverse side. 5. Pieces 4" and 5" wide, 8' and over long. must have one clear red face and be sound on the reverse side. 6. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over loner, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side must work at least 80% sound. 7. This grade may also include nieces other than those described above below the ;?rade of seconds ihpt will work at least 80% clear red face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings. 13' and longer, three cuttings. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, V and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' to 7' lengths. 2. In the common grades color shall be de- termined from the red face. 36 A. H. M. A. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear red face. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3 % clear red face in not over three cut- tings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. Pieces 6' long must have one red face 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over two cuttings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide bv 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. Gum spots are no defect. 2. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide. 4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' j lengths. 3. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear red face in not over three cut- tings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% clear red face in not over four cuttings. 4. Pieecs 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear red face in not over three cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear red face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear red face in not over five cuttings. 5. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long and must contain at least 25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings 1%". and no cutting considered which contains less than 36 square inches. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common, No. 2 Common. A. H. M. A. 37 2. Thickness: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches. All fractions of less than %" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: S' to 16'. 2. No sap is admitted on face side of piece. 3. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Cuttings must be free of sap on face side. 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. 4. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/'A r 'r clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2" 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 5. Pieces 3 1/2". 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Bright or sound discolored sap is no de- fect in this grade. 3. No. 2 Common Strips must work 50% clear face; no cutting to be considered which is less than 2" wide by 2' long. The reverse face of cuttings must be sound. 38 A. II. M. A. CHESTNUT 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surfa.ce measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8'. 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, ! must grade not below seconds on the best face, i The reverse side of pieces S' and over long must I work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80 <% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30 7c shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work A. H. M. A. 39 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12'' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over fovir cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% sound in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings l 1 /^", and no cutting considered which contains less than 36 square inches. FIRSTS AND SECONDS WORMY 1. Lengths: 6' and over long. 25% may be 6', 7' and 8', and not to exceed 5% under 8\ 2. Widths: 6" and over wide. FIRSTS "1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 40 A. H. M. A. alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measur« may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 3. In addition to the above, the grade of Firsts and Seconds Wormy will admit worm holes without limit. No. 1 COMMON WORMY 1. Lengths: 4' and over long; 20% may be 4', 5', 6', 7' and 8', and not to exceed 5% under 8'. 2. Widths: 4" and over wide. 3. Other widths and lengths must work 66 2/3% clear face as follows: Widths Lengths No. Pieces 4" to 11" 6' to 11' 2 4" to 11" 12' to 16' 3 4" to 11" 17' to 20' 4 12" to 15" 6' to 11' 3 12" to 15" 12' to 16' 4 12" to 15" 17' to 20' 5 16" and over 6' to 11' 4 '16" and over 12' to 16' 5 16" and over 17' to 20' 6 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 4". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. 5. In addition to above will admit worm holes without limit. A. H. M. A. 41 COTTONWOOD 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other Than those described above, below the graac of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear- face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 307' shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 42 A. H. M. A. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide. V to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces_ 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50"% sound in not over four cuttings. 3. ' Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide. 10' to 13' long, must work 50% sound in not over four cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide. 4' and over long, and must contain at least 25^ of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered which contains less than 36 square inches. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear. No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on hajf and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. A. H. M. A. 43 CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces l". 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, mvist have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4". 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. PANEL AND WIDE No. 1 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Widths: 18" and over. 3. Thicknesses: 3/8" to 2". 4. Sound discolored sap is no defect. 5. Splits not exceeding 6" in length in one end of the piece are not to be considered as defects. 6. Panel and Wide No. 1 is a combined grade and must contain at least 50% panel. PANEL 1. Lengths: 8' to 16', admitting of not to exceed 20% of 8', 9' and 10' lengths. 2. 50% of the total quantity must be clear on both sides. The balance of the quantity may contain defects, provided 90% of the piece can be used for panels in cuttings 4' or over long by the full width of the piece. WIDE No. 1 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 6' and 7' long must be clear. 3. Pieces 8' and over long will admit defects provided 75% of the piece can be used for panels in cuttings 4' or over long by the full width of the piece. 44 A. H. M. A. WAGON BOX BOARDS 1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" to 12". 2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- ping- dry. 4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 5. 11' lengths will admit 3" splits in one end, or their equivalent in one or both ends. 6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or both ends. 7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, or their equivalent in both ends; otherwise each piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects that do not prevent the piece from cutting one side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side and one en.d; sides to work 10' 6" long, ends to work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. Each side and end may contain one sound standard defect, or its equivalent, showing on one side. 8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- ment that can be reduced in measurement by cutting the end or edge or both to a size or- dered must be accepted and measured as box boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, showing reduction in measurement. 9. Inspectors are cautioned that woolly cot- tonwood and lumber so warped that it cannot be used for box boards must be excluded from this grade. A. H. M. A. 45 CYPRESS Copyrighted by The Southern Cypress Manu- facturers' Association and Jointly Adopted by the Southern Cypress Manufacturers' Associ- ation and American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 1. The aim of these grading rules is to har- monize the natural differences which exist in the timber sawed at the various mills in this Asso- ciation, in an effort to make the shipments of lumber from the different mills uniform and of equal intrinsic value, grade for grade. 2. To that end cypress lumber shall be graded according to the following rules and specifica- tions bearing in mind that as no arbitrary set of rules and specifications can be maintained in every case, much must be left to the common sense and best judgment of the inspector. 3. In considering these grading rules it should be borne in mind that the lower line pieces are described and a series of defects are ad- mitted in some grades, the very nature of which will prevent all of them from appearing in the same piece. The grade will include all pieces up to the next higher grade, and the material will be of a better average quality than the permitted defects would indicate. 4. Lumber shall be manufactured and shipped in standard lengths and thicknesses. 5. All lumber shall be tallied surface or face measure, the tally counted up, and the one- quarter or one-half added to the total where the lumber is one and one- quarter or one and one-half inches thick, and two inches and thicker to be multiplied by the thickness. 6. In the measurement of all random length lumber, fractions exactly on the one-half foot are to be given alternately to the buyer and the seller; the fractions below the one-half foot are to be dropped, and all fractions above the one-half foot are to be counted to the next higher figure on the board rule. 7. In "line boards," pieces 14' and longer shall be given the advantage in grade; pieces 12' and shorter shall be reduced in grade. 8. Recognized defects in cypress are knots, knot holes, shakes, splits, wane, worm holes, stained sap and peck. STANDARD DEFECTS 1. A standard knot is sound and not to exceed 1 1/4" in diameter. 2. A small sound knot is one not exceeding 3/4" in diameter. 46 A. H. M. A. 3. Two small knots not to exceed in extent or damage one 1 1/4" knot. 4. One straight split not to exceed in length the width of the piece. 5. Worm holes not exceeding in damage one standard knot. 6. Ordinary season checks shall not be con- sidered a defect in any grade. 7. Ordinary season checks are such as occur in lumber properly covered on yard, or season checks of equal size in kiln dried lumber. STANDARD LENGTHS 1. Tank, factory select, shop, select common, heart select common, No. 1 common, flooring, ceiling, partition, bevel siding, bungalow bevel siding and drop siding shall be 8' and longer. 2. A, B and C shall be 10' to 20'. 3. No. 2 common, box, peck, mouldings, panel stock and battens shall be 6' to 20'. 3. Mouldings, panel stock and battens of all sizes, bevel siding, bungalow bevel siding, floor- ing, ceiling and partition will admit odd lengths below 10'. STANDARD FINISHED SIZES OF CYPRESS 1. All lumber shipped in the rough shall be of sufficient thickness or width to S2S or S2E to standard thickness or width, as follows: THICKNESSES 4/4 lumber SIS or S2S shall be 13/16" thick. 5/4 lumber SIS or S2S shall be 1 1/8" thick. 6/4 lumber SIS or S2S shall be 1 3/8" thick. 8/4 lumber SIS or S2S shall be 1 3/4" thick. 10/4 lumber SIS or S2S shall be 2 1/4" thick. 12/4 lumber SIS or S2S shall be 2 3/4" thick. All flooring and partition shall be S2S and C. M. 4/4 flooring shall be 13/16" thick. 5/4 flooring shall be 1 1/8" thick. 6/4 flooring shall be 1 3/8" thick. 3/8 ceiling shall be worked 5/16", SIS only. 1/2 ceiling shall be worked 7/16", SIS only. 5/8 ceiling shall be worked 9/16", SIS onlv. 3/4 ceiling shall be worked 11/16", SIS only. 3/8 panel stock S2S shall be 7/32". 1/2 panel stock S2S shall be 5/16". 5/8 panel stock S2S shall be 7/16". 3/4 panel stock S2S shall be 9/16". 2. 5/4", 6/4" and 8/4" Baluster stock shall be worked to same finished thickness as lumber. 3. 3x3" to 8x8" Turning Squares S4S shall be 1/4" less than the rough sizes. A. H. M. A. 47 4. Ceiling up to 3 1/4" face to have one bead on one edge and ceiling wider than 3 1/4" face to be beaded center and edge. " 5. Drop Siding, either D. & M. or Shiplap, shall be 13/16" thick. 6. Shiplap, or D. & M., shall be 13/16" thick. 7. Grooved Roofing shall be 13/16" thick. WIDTHS 1. All lumber S1E takes off 3/8". S2E, 1/2". 2. 4/4" and thicker'flooring, ceiling and parti- tion shall be 2 1/4", 3 1/4", 4 1/4", 5 1/4" face. 3. 5/4". 6/4" and 8/4" baluster stock shall be same width as finished thickness. 4. Drop Siding, D. & M., shall be 3 1/4" and 5 1/4" face. When worked shiplap it shall be 5 1/2" over all, allowing 1/2" for lap. 5. 8", 10" and 12" ^lplap shall be worked 7", 9" and 11" face, 1/2" lap. 6. 8". 10" and 12" D. & M. shall be worked 7 1/4", 9 1/4" and 11 1/4" face. 7. Grooved roofing shall be worked 9 1/2" anH 11 1/2" face, size of groove 1/2" wide, 1/4" deep, located 1 3/16" from outer edge of groove to edge of board. 8. Bevel siding or bevel cribbing shall be worked 1/2" less in width than the rough strip measure. TANK 1. Thicknesses: 1 1/2", 2", 2 1/2", 3" and 4". 2. Width: Shall be random widths, 5" and over wide. 3. Length: 8' and longer. 4. Shall be graded from the poorer side. Shall be free from sap. 5. Sound knots that do not impair the use- fulness of the piece for tank purposes will be admitted. A 1. Thickness: 1" to 4". 2. Width: Shall be specified widths. 4", 5", 6". 8". 10", 12", 14", 16". 18", 20" and wider and 24" and wider, and may be furnished in as- sorted widths 4" to 12", admitting 20% of 7", 9" and 11" widths, and may also be furnished in random widths 13" and wider. 3. Length: 10' to 20'. 4. Shall have a perfect face, free from sap. knots or other defects. The reverse side shall not be poorer than "B." 4S A. H. M. A. 1. Thickness:- 1" to 4". 2. Width: Shall be specified widths, 4", 5", 6". 8", 10", 12", 14", 16", 18", 20" and wider and 24" and wider, and may be furnished in as- sorted widths 4" to 12" admitting 20% of 7", 9" and 11" widths, and may also be furnished in random widths 13" and wider. 3. Length: 10' to 20'. 4. Shall be graded from the better side, the reverse side shall not be poorer than C. 5. Pieces 4" and 5" wide will admit 1" of bright sap and shall be free from knots and other defects. 6. Pieces 6" wide may have 1" of bright sap and one small sound knot. 7. Pieces 8" wide may have 2" of bright sap and one standard knot, or in lieu of one stand- ard knot, two .small sound knots. 8. Pieces 10" wide may have 3" of bright sap, and one standard knot, or in lieu of one stan- dard knot, three small sound knots. 9. Pieces 12" wide may have 4" of bright sap and one standard knot, or in lieu of one stan- dard knot, four small sound knots. 10. Pieces wider than 12" will admit any amount of bright sap and will admit other de- fects in proportion as width increases. 1. Thickness: 1" to 4". 2. Width: Shall be specified widths, 4", 5", 6", 8". 10", 12". 14", 16", 18", 20" and wider and 24" and wider, and may be furnished in as- sorted widths 4 to 12" admitting 20% of 7", 9" and 11" widths, and may also be furnished in random widths 13" and wider. 3. Pieces wider than 12" will admit defects in proportion as width increases. 4. Length: 10' to 20'. 5. Shall be graded from the better side but the reverse side shall not be poorer than No. 1 Common. 6. Small sound knots, sound sap. bright or stained, a reasonable amount of pin worm holes and other defects will be admitted, but none that will prevent the use of each piece in its full width and length as a paint grade. 7. Pieces 8" to 12" wide will also admit one standard knot. FACTORY SELECTS 1. Thickness: 1" to 4". 2. Width: 1" thickness shall be 5" wide or wider. 1 1/4" and thicker shall not be less than 5 1/4" wide. 3. Length: 8' to 20'. 4. Shall be graded from the poorer side. A. H. M. A. 49 5. In the cuttings bright sap shall be ad- mitted. The cuttings shall otherwise be free from defects. Parts not included in the stipu- lated percentage of good cuttings may be thin and may be of any grade. 6. 1" thickness shall cut at least 80% of cuttings or rippings or both, 5" wide or wider, by 3' long or longer, and 9 1/2" wide or wider, by 18" long or longer, and strips 2" wide or wider, ripped the entire length of the piece, from pieces 8' to 12' long, and 2" wide or wider, 12' long or longer, ripped from pieces 14' and longer. 7. 1 1/4" and thicker shall cut at least 80% of cuttings and rippings or both, as follows: 5 1/4" wide or wider, by 3' long or longer; 9" wide or wider, by 2' 4" long or longer, and strips 2" wide or wider, ripped the entire length of the .piece from pieces 8' to 12' long, and strips 2" wide or wider 12' or longer ripped from pieces 14' or longer. SHOP 1. Thickness: 1" to 4". 2. Width: 1" thickness shall be 5" wide or wider. 1 1/4" and thicker shall not be less than 5 1/4" wide. 3. Length: 8' to 20'. 4. Shall be graded from the poorer side. 5. This grade shall cut for factory use 50% to 80% of the same size cuttings or rippings or both as the corresponding thickness in the grade of Factory Selects. 6. Bright sap shall be admitted in the cut- tings, which shall otherwise be free from defects. 7. Parts not included in the stipulated per- centage of good cuttings may be thin ana may be of any grade. SELECT COMMON 1. Thickness: 1" and thicker. 2. Width: Shall be specified widths, 3", 4", 5", 6", 8", 10" and 12" wide. 3. Length: 8' to 20'. 4. Will admit sound sap, bright or stained, sound knots, a small amount of tight shake, season checks, also end checks not over 6" in length, and a reasonable amount of pin worm holes well scattered over the piece. 5. Pieces 3" to 6" wide will not admit knots over 1 1/2" in diameter. 6. Pieces 8" to 12" wide will not admit knots over 2" in diameter. 7. Shall be graded from the better side. On the reverse side the knots may be larger and coarser and a slight amount of peck will be 50 A. H. M. A. admitted, but such defects shall not be coarse enough to materially impair the strength of the piece. HEART SELECT COMMON 1. This grade shall be the same as Select Common, except that sap and pin worm holes will not be admitted. No. 1 COMMON 1. Thickness: 1" and thicker. 2. Width: Shall be specified 3", 4", 5", 6", 8", 10" and 12" wide. 3. Length: 8' to 20'. 4. Shall be graded from the better side. Will admit sound sap, bright or stained, shake, sea- son checks, pin worm holes, tight knots, straight end splits not exceeding in length the width of the piece, a slight amount of peck on one or both sides of pieces comparatively free from other defects, slight wane on one or both edges, not to exceed one-third the length of the piece, and other defects which will not prevent its use in the rough for common purposes in its full length and width. No. 2 COMMON 1. Thickness: 1" and thicker. 2. Width: Shall be specified widths, 3", 4", 5", 6", 8", 10" and 12" wide. 0. Length: 6' to 20'. 4. Shall be graded from the better side. Will admit all defects allowed in No. 1 Common and will also admit unsound knots and slight peck on both sides. The defects shall not, however, be sufficient to prevent the use of each piece in its full length and width for common sheathing and fencing purposes. BOX 1. Thickness: 1" to 2". 2. Width: Shall be random width 3" and wider. 3. Length: 6' to 20'. 4. Each piece shall contain 66 2/3% or more of sound cuttings, no single cutting to contain less than 72 square inches. No piece of cutting can be shorter than 2', nor narrower than 3". Sound cuttings will admit all the de- fects allowed in No. 1 Common. The waste material may be thin or absolutely worthless. PECK 1. Thickness: 1" and thicker. 2. Width: Shall be random or specified, 3" and wider. A. H. M. A. 51 3. Length: 6' to 20'. 4. Shall admit the product of that part of the log known as pecky. Each piece shall have sufficient strength to permit its use as a low- grade sheathing, fencing, or foundation ma- terial. SWITCH TIES 1. Shall be cut to size and length specified. 2. Ends of ties shall be sawed square, and a variation of 1/2" longer or shorter than the length ordered will be allowed. 6. Shall be practically all heart, free from damaging knots, shake and splits. 4. Slight peck shall not be considered a defect. CROSS TIES STANDARD No. 1 PECK 1. Shall be cut to size and length specified. 2. A variation of 1" longer or shorter than the length ordered will be allowed. Shall be practically all heart, free from damaging knots, shake and splits. Peck will be admitted, but there must be enough of sound wood in the ties to permit of proper spiking. PANEL STOCK 1. Thickness: 3/8", 1/2", 5/8" and 3/4". 2. Widths: Shall be random width, 8" and wider. 3. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting not over 15% of 6' to 10', and not to exceed 5% under 10'. Odd lengths admitted. 4. Shall be graded from the poorer side, B and better, except that bright sap will not be considered a defect. 52 A. H. M. A. ELM— ROCK 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds 30% of 8' to 10' lengths will be admitted. FIRSTS AND SECONDS 1. Firsts and Seconds are combined as one grade. 2. Bird pecks not exceeding 1/2" in length, 1/4" in width, admitted if sound, but if exces sive must be considered by the inspector. 3. Widths: 4" and over wide. 4. Pieces 4" wide must be clear. 5. Standard defects admitted in pieces 5" and over wide, according to surface measure, as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 18', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 4' and over long, not to exceed 5% of 4" widths. 2. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 3. Pieces 4" to 7" wide, 6' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 4" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 4. Pieces 8" and over wide, 6' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 5. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long, or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long, admitting 25 of 4', 5' and 6' lengths, but not more than 10% may be under 6'. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Pieces 4' long must be clear one face. 4. Pieces 5' and longer must work at least 50% clear faee cutting. 5. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18"; the minimum width of any cutting to be 3"; the smallest cutting allowed must contain 72 square inches. A. H. M. A. 53 No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least b0% sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18"; the minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 72 square inches. No. 4 COMMON 1 No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. 54 A. H. M. A. ELM— SOFT 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and V. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. A. H. M. A. 55 No cutting- to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must "work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50^ sound in not over four cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered which contains less than 36 square inches. 56 A. H. M. A. BLACK GUM 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3<% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Piece§ 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide. 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' an- over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. A. H. M. A. 57 No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long - , must work 50% sovind in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% sound in not over four cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered which contains less than 36 square Inches. A. H. M. A. QUARTER SAWN BLACK GUM i. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. 80% of the width of each piece must have the radial grain running 45% or less with one surface of the piece. 4. 10% of Quarter Sawn Black Gum may be 1/16" scant on one edge provided the other edge is full standard thickness when shipping dry. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface measure may have one standard defect or its equivalent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equivalent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 5" and over wide. 2. Pieces 5" wide must be clear. 3. Standard defects are admitted in widths 6" and over according to surface measure, as fol- lows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20' and over, 5 standard defects or their equiv- alent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. fi. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. A. H. M. A. 59 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must woik 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. 60 A. H. M. A. PLAIN SAWN RED GUM . 1. In Firsts and Seconds pieces 6" and 7' wide may have 1/2", and pieces 8" and wider 1" of bright or sound discolored sap on one fac; and not to exceed one-fifth in the aggregate or the reverse face. 2. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 3. Widths: 3" and over. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' am: over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their eauiv alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not to exceed] 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 61 and 7\ 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side; of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear red! one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long., must grade not below seconds on the best; face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces otheij than those described above, below the grade of; seconds, that will work at least 80% clear red face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings;! 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting tol be IS". The minimum width of any cutting tol be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must con- 1 tain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. In the common grades color shall be deter- mined from the red face. 2. Widths: 4" and over wide. 3. Lengths: 4' and over long, but not more than 10% may be 4', 5', 6' and V lengths. A. H. M. A. 61 4. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear red ace. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be :lear red face. 6. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 16' long, must work 16 2/3% clear red face in not over two pieces n cuttings 2' and over long by the full width )f the piece. 7. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have me standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over vide, may have two standard defects. Pieces V long must have one red face. i 8. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over two cuttings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, nmust work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over three cuttings. 9. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over four cuttings. 10. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" by 2' long, or 3" wide by 3'. long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear red face in not over three cut- tings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and longer, must work 50% clear red face in not over four cut- tings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide. 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear red face in not over three cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, mvist work 50% clear red face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear red face in not over five cuttingg. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches, all fractions of less than *£" dropped. 62 A. H. M. A. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. No sap is admitted on face side of piece.j 3. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Cuttings must be free of sap on face side. 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and V long, must have one clear face and two good edsres. 4. Pieces 2" 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 10' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two; cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' andi over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not] over three cuttings. No cutting to be consid-; ered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2' wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not. over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. PLAIN SAWN RED GUM FIGURED WOOD 1. Figure is required in these grades and each piece shall be especially selected for markings and color tones producing a variegated effect. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds 90% of one face of each piece, and in the Common grades the face side of each cutting to show such markings. Otherwise the regular rules for grading Plain Sawed Red Gum shall apply. A. H. M. A. 63 QUARTER SAWN RED GUM 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. No figure is required in Quarter Sawn ! ted Gum in any grade. 4. 80% of the width of each piece must have he radial grain running 45 degrees or less with me surface of the piece. a 5. 10% of Quarter Sawn Gum may be 1/16" I;cant on one edge provided the other edge is bull standard thickness when shipping dry. 6. In the grades of Firsts and Seconds and Selects, pieces 5" wide must be free of sap, Pieces 6" and 7" wide may have 3/4" of sound ►nap in the aggregate, and pieces 8" and over wide may have 1" of sound sap in the aggre- gate. FIRSTS n 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and >ver long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must >e clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface measure may lave one standard defect or its equivalent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have wo standard defects or their equivalent. SECONDS I 1. Seconds must be 5" and over wide. I 2. Pieces 5" wide must be clear. 5 3. Standard defects are admitted in widths !" and over according to surface measure, as ollows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20' and over, 5 standard defects or their equiv- alent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not to exceed 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side Df the piece. 4. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear red one face and sound on the reverse side. 5. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 6. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear red face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cut- tings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 7. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 64 A. H. M. A. 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contaii 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. In the common grades color shall be dej termined from the red face. 2. Widths: 4" and over wide. 3. Lengths: 4' and over long, but not moi«, than 10% may be 4', 5', 6' and 7' lengths. 4. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear re^ face. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and V long, must b« clear red face. 6. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 16' long, must wori 66 2/3% clear red face in not over two piects in cuttings 2' and over long by the full width of the piece. 7. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have orw standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and ovei wide, may have two standard defects. Piece; 6' long must have one red face. 8. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, mupl work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over twd ; cuttings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over lon^i must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not ov< three cuttings. 9. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, muH 1 work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over twng, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over ivo cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' nd over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in bt over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- idered which is less than 2' long by the full -idth of the piece. ; 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" ride, 6' and V long, must have one clear face nd two good edges. The reverse face must e sound. I 6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" ride, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear a,ce in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", ■ 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, lust work 66 2/3% clear face in not over hree cuttings. No cutting to be considered ,rhich is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both dges of the cutting in this grade must be good nd the reverse face of cutting must be sound. JUARTER SAWN RED GUM FIGURED WOOD 1. Figure is required in these grades and each >iece shall be especially selected for markings ind color tones producing a variegated effect, n the grades of Firsts and Seconds 90% of one ace of each piece, and in the Common grades he face side of each cutting to show such narkings. Otherwise the regular rules for grad- ng Quarter Sawn Red Gum shall "apply. 66 A. H. M. A. QUARTER SAWN RED GUM SAP NO DEFECT The same rules apply as on Quarter Sawn Red Gum, except that bright or sound discol- ored sap shall not be considered a defect. SAP GUM 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Bright or sound discolored sap is no de- fect in any grade. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide. 8' and over long-. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may "have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according! to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. t SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% ! under 12' and not to. exceed 5% of 6' and 7\ 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade, may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and. longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. A. H. M. A. 67 No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 '2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7' Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3^> clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face In not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% sound in. not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50*% sound in not over four cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered which contains less than 36 square Inches. 68 A. H. M. A. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edtres. 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. PANEL AND WIDE No. 1 i. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Widths: 18" and over wide. 3. Thicknesses: 3/8" to 2". 4. Sound discolored sap is no defect. 5. Splits not exceeding 6" in length in one end of the piece are not to be considered as defects. 6. Panel and Wide No. 1 is a combined grade and must contain at least 50% panel. PANEL 1. Lengths: 8' to 16', admitting not to exceed 20% of 8', 9' and 10' lengths. A. H. M. A. 69 2. 50% of the total quantity must be clear both sides. The balance of the quantity may contain defects, provided 90% of the piece can be used for panels in cuttings 4' or over long by the full width of the piece. WIDE No. 1 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 6' and 7' long must be clear. 3. Pieces 8' and over long will admit defects provided 75% of the piece can be used for panels in cuttings 4' or over long by the full width of the piece. WAGON BOX BOARDS 1. Widths: Wide, 13" to. 17". Narrow, 9" to 12". 2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- ping dry. 4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 5. 11' lengths will admit 3" splits in one end, or their equivalent in one or both ends. 6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or both ends. 7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, or their equivalent in both ends; otherwise each piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects that do not prevent the piece from cutting one side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side and one end; sides to work 10' 6" long, ends to work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. Each side and end may contain one sound standard defect, or its equivalent, showing on one side. 8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- ment that can be reduced in measurement by cutting the end or edge or both to a size or- dered must be accepted and measured as box- boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, showing reduction in measurement. 9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so warped that it cannot be vised for box boards must be excluded from this grade. 70 A. H. M. A. HACKBERRY 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' ancl over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be IS". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work A. H. M. A. 71 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting- to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 'J' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least 50% sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square inches. No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. 72 A. H. M. A. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2". 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow; part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two goodl 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over o cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12< and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. , 4. Pieces 3 1/2". 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear fac»5 and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. , _ 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2'1 wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% cleatj face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 l/2"j 4" 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and oveij long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not ovej three cuttings. Mo cutting to be considere- which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Bot 1 edges of the cutting in this grade must be goo. and the reverse face of cutting must be sound A. H. M. A. 73 HICKORY 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds 30% of 8' to 10' lengths will be admitted. FIRSTS AND SECONDS 1. Firsts and Seconds are combined as one grade. 2. Bird pecks not exceeding 1/2" in length, 1/4" in width, admitted if sound, but if exces- sive must be considered by the inspector. 3. Widths: 4" and over wide. 4. Pieces 4" wide must be clear. 5. Standard defects admitted in pieces 5" and over wide, according to surface measure, as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 1 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 18', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 4' and over long, not to exceed 5% of 4" widths. 2. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 3. Pieces 4" to 7" wide, 6' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 4" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, f must work 66 2/3%. clear face in not over three 'cuttings. 4. Pieces 8" and over wide, 6' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must. work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three •cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 5. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long, or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long, admitting 25 '-% of 4', 5' and 6' lengths, but not more than 10% may be under 6'. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Pieces 4' long must be clear one face. 4. Pieces 5' and longer must work at least 50% clear face cutting. 5. The minimum length of any cutting to be :i8"; the minimum width of any cutting to be V ; the smallest cutting allowed must contain ! 72 iquare inchee. 74 A. H. M. A. No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least 50% sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be IS"; the minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 72 square inches. No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. A. H. M. A. 75 LOCUST 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces. 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may ~have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 76 A. H. M. A. fi6 2/3'% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide. 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and Over wide, V to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' anu over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide. 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this' grade. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4" and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least 50% sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square inches. No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. A. H. M. A. 77 MAGNOLIA 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long-. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard uefect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8'. 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths : 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting fo be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' find 5' lGrifrtlis. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide. 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 78 A. H. M. A. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No. cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces, 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over- wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, V to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1 No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% sound in not over four cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered which contains less than 36 square inches. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2". 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2' b" and 5 1/2". A. H. M. A. 79 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 172" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' Jong, must have one clear face and two good edsres. 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4". 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4". 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. WAGON BOX BOARDS 1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" to 12". 2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- ping dry. 4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 5. 11' length will admit 3" splits in one end, or their equivalent in one or both ends. 6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or both ends. 7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, or their enuivalent in both ends; otherwise each piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects 80 A. H. M. A. that do not prevent the piece from cutting one side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side and one end; sides to work 10' 6" long, ends to work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. Each side and end may contain one sound standard defect, or its equivalent, show- ing on one side. 8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- ment that can be reduced in measurement by cutting the end or edge or both to a size ordered must be accepted and measured as box boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, show- ing reduction in measurement. 9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so warped that it cannot be used for box boards must be excluded from this grade. A. H. M. A. 81 MAHOGANY— CUBAN 1. Prime, Selects, Rejects, Shorts, Wormy, Counters, and Clear Strips. 2. Lengths: 2' and over long-. 3. Widths: 3" and over wide. 4. Thicknesses: Standard. 5. All odd lengths must be measured, and fractions of over 1/2' in length must be counted up, and fractions of 1/2' and less in length must be dropped. PRIME 1. Prime must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, not to exceed 25% of 8' and 9' lengths. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to widths as follows: 3. 6" and 7", 1 standard defect or its equiva- lent. 4. 8" and 9", 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 5. 10" and 11", 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 6. 12" and over, 4 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Selects must be 4" and over wide, 6' and over long, and must work two-thirds clear, with no cutting less than 4" wide and 3' long, or 3" wide and 4' long. REJECTS 1. There shall be no restrictions to heart in this grade. 2. Rejects must be 3" and over wide, 6' and over long, and must work 50% clear. No piece considered which is less than 4" wide and 2' long, or 3" wide and 3' long. SHORTS 1. Shorts must be 3" and over wide, 2' to 7' long, and must be Prime in quality. 2. Pieces 3", 4" and 5" wide must be clear. 3. Pieces 6" and over wide must be graded as Prime. WORMY 1. This grade is to be the same as Selects, excepting that worm holes are admitted with- out limit. COUNTERS 1. Counters must be 12' to 40' long, 18" to 24" wide, and must be free from all defects one face; the reverse face must not grade below Prime. Splits measured out. 82 A. H. M. A. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common, No. 2 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. G. Measurement must be made at narrow part of strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. No sap is admitted on face side of piece. 3. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Cutting must be free of sap on face side. 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and V long, must have one clear face and two good 4. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide. 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Bright or sound discolored sap is no de- fect in this grade. 3. No. 2 Common Strips must work 50% clear face; no cutting to be considered which is less than 2" wide by 2' long. The reverse face of cutting must be sound. A. H. M. A. 83 MAHOGANY— MEXICAN AND AFRICAN 1. Honduras, Nicaraguan, Guatemalan and other Central and South American Mahoganies. 2. Firsts, Seconds, Selects, No. 1 Common, No. 2 Common, No. 1 Wormy, No. 2 Wormy, Shorts and Counters. 3. Lengths: 2' and over long. 4. Widths: 3" and over wide. 5. Thicknesses: Standard. 6. All odd lengths must be measured, and fractions of over 1/2' in length must be counted up, and fractions of 1/2' and less in length must be dropped. This does not apply to the grade of shorts. 7. 1" of bright sap in the aggregate is a standard defect in the Grade of Firsts and Seconds. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 7" and over wide, 10' and over long, and free from all defects, excepting that pieces 10' and over surface measure may have one standard defect or its equivalent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 6', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 9', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 13', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 18' and over, 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 3. For each additional 5' surface measure, one additional standard defect will be admitted. SELECTS 1. Selects must be 6" and over wide and must grade Firsts and Seconds on one face. The reverse face must not be below the grade of No. 1 Common. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 6' and over long. 2. Pieces 4" wide, 6' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear in not over three cuttings. No piece to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 3. Pieces 5" and over wide, 6' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% 84 A. H. M. A. clear face in not over three cuttings. Bach ad- ditional 4' in length in pieces over 16' long will admit one additional cutting. No eutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide and 2' long, or 3" wide and 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. There shall be no restriction to heart in this grade. 2. No. "2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 2' and over long, and must work 50% clear face. No cutting considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. No. 1 WORMY 1. No. 1 Wormy must be 4" and over wide, 6' and over long. Worm holes are admitted with- out limit, otherwise to grade not below No. 1 Common. No. 2 WORMY 1. No. 2 Wormy must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long. Worm holes are admitted with- out limit, otherwise to grade not below No. 2 Common. SHORTS 1. Shorts must be 4" and over wide, 2' to 5' long. 2. Pieces 4" and 5" wide must be clear. 3. In pieces 6" and over wide standard de- fects are admitted according to surface meas- ure, as follows: 2', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 4', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 5%', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 6%' and over, 4 standard defects or their equivalent. COUNTERS 1. Counters must be 12' to 40' long, 18" to 24" wide, and must be free from all defects one face; the reverse face must not grade below Firsts and Seconds. Splits measured out. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common, No. 2 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of strip inside of beveled edges. A. H. M. A. 85 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2 dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. . 2 No sap is admitted on face side of piece. 3. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Cutting must be free of sap on face side 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face, and two good ed f eS 'pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full ^^P ^ Tl^", 4", 4/12", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and V long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be 6 S °Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2 , 4 , 4 1/2" 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three Sittings No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. No. 2 COMMON 2'. Bright S or sound d'iscolored sap is no de- fe f No th 2 Common Strips must work .50% clear face- no cutting to be considered which is less than 2" wide by 2' long. The reverse face of cuttings must be sound. 86 A. H. M. A. MAHOGANY— PHILIPPINE 1. All odd lengths must be measured, and fractions of over 1/2' in length must be counted up, and fractions of 1/2' and less must be dropped. This does not apply to the grade of shorts. 1" of bright sap in the aggregate in the grade of Firsts and Seconds is a standard defect. 2. Pin worm holes not to be considered a de- fect in any of the grades, excepting boards showing pin worm holes, in the rough, follow- ing and tracking with the face, will be consid- ered a defect in Firsts and Seconds and Selects, and will be estimated on a basis of standard defects or their equivalents. 3. Firsts and Seconds are combined as one grade, and are to contain not less than 40 l /r Firsts. 4. Firsts and Seconds shall not contain less than 40% figured stock. 5. Firsts and Seconds and Selects Figured Mahogany must show figure on one face, not less than 90% in the aggregate. 6. In the common grades the cuttings must show figure one face. 7. All grades to admit between 30% and 40% of the White or Light Red Woods. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide. 8' and over long, and free from all defects, excepting that pieces 10' and over surface measure may have one standard defect or its equivalent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure, as follows: 6', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 9', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 13', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 18' and over, 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 3. For each aditional 5' surface measure, one additional standard defect will be ad- mitted. SELECTS 1. Selects must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, and must grade Firsts and Seconds on one face. The reverse face must not be below the grade of No. 1 Common. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 6' and over long. A. H. M. A. 87 2. Pieces 4" wide, 6' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 12' and over long must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 3. No piece of cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 4. Pieces 5" and over wide, 6' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; 12' and over long must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 5. Each additional 4' in length in pieces over 16' long will admit one additional cutting. 6. No piece to be considered which is less than 4" wide and 2' long, or 3" wide and 3' long. Bright sap is no defect in this grade. No. 2 COMMON 1. There shall be no restriction to heart in this grade. 2. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, and must work 50% clear face. No piece considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. SHORTS 1. Shorts must be 4" and over wide, 4' to 7' long. 2. Pieces 4" and 5" wide must be clear; 6" to 8" wide will admit one standard defect, and 9" and over wide will admit of two standard defects. COUNTERS 1. Counters must be 12' to 40' long, 18" to 24" wide, and must be free from all defects on one face; the reverse face must not grade below Firsts and Seconds. Splits measured out. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common, No. 2 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches, all fractions of less than y%" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. No sap is admitted on face side of piece. A. H. M. A. 3. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Cutting must be free of sap on face side. 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edsres. 4. Pieces 2" 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 5. Pieces 3 1 2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Bright or sound discolored sap is no de- fect in this grade. 3. No. 2 Common Strips must work 50% clear face; no cutting to be considered which is less than 2" wide by 2' long. The reverse face of cuttings must be sound. A. H. M. A. 89 MAPLE— HARD 1. Thicknesses and lengths*. Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surrace meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7\ 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear 5. 'Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 90 A. H. M. A. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3'/,, clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by V long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" \vide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each, piece must contain at least 50' sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square inches. No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. A. H. M. A. 91 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 '1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and. two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. STEP PLANK 1. Grades: Firsts and Seconds and Common. 2. Widths: 11" to 15". 3. Thicknesses: 1 1/4", 1 1/2" and 2". 4. Lengths: 10' to 16'. FIRSTS AND SECONDS 1. Firsts and Seconds must be clear one face and one edge. The reverse side and one edge must be sound. Firsts and Seconds may have a split not exceeding in length the surface measure of the piece. COMMON 1. Must work 66 2/3% in cuttings 4' or over long by the full width of the piece. Each cut- ting must have one face and one edge clear; the reverse face and edge must be sound. 92 A. H. M. A. MAPLE— SOFT 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1.. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv alent. SECONDS : 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted accordin to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and V 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square feet. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work A. H. M. A. 93 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces '5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3' '-> clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long> must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide. 4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% sound in not over four cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide. 4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered which contains less than 36 square inches. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. 94 A. H. M. A. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. -No cutting to be con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good, edges. The reverse face must be sound. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be goo<3 and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. A. H. M. A. 95 PLAIN SAWN RED AND WHITE OAK 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds 1" of bright sap in the aggregate on the face side is no defect; each additional 1" of bright sap in the aggregate is one standard defect. 4. On the reverse side of 6" and 7" pieces, bright sap up to one-third the width of the piece in the aggregate is no defect; each additional 1" of bright sap in the aggregate is one standard defect. 5. On pieces 8" and wider, bright sap is no defect on the reverse side. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best side. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' a.nd shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. 96 A. H. M. A. No. 1 COMMON 1. Bright sap is no defect in the Common grades. 2. Widths: 4" and over wide. 3. Lengths: 4' and over long, but not more than 10% may be 4', 5', 6' and 7' lengths. 4. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 6. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two pieces in cuttings 2' and over long by the full width of the piece. 7. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 8. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, mus\ work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 9. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 10. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide. 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work '50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least 50% sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square inches. A. H. M. A. 97 No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. SOUND WORMY 1. Must grade not below No. 1 Common, ex- cepting that worm holes, bird pecks, streaks, small sound knots not exceeding 3/4" in diam- eter and other sound defects which do not ex- ceed in extent or damage the defects described, may be admitted in the cuttings. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common, No. 2 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from J;he good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Bright sap is no defect in this grade. 3. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Bright sap is no defect in this grade. 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edsres 4. Pieces 2". 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3 % clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; piece* 3 1/2", 4", 98 A. H. M. A. 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Bright or sound discolored sap is no de- fect in this grade. 3. No. 2 Common Strips must work 50% clear face; no cutting to be considered which is less than 2" wide by 2' long. The reverse face of cuttings must be sound. STEP PLANK 1. Grades: Firsts and Seconds and Common. 2. Widths: 11" to 15". 3. Thicknesses: 1 1/4", 1 1/2" and 2". 4. Lengths: 10' to 16'. FIRSTS AND SECONDS 1. Firsts and Seconds must be clear one face and one edge. The reverse side and one edge must be sound. Firsts and Seconds may have a split not exceeding 12" in length. Bright sap admitted on the face side up to one-third the width of the piece. COMMON 1. Must work 66 2/3% in cuttings 4' or over long by the full width of the piece. Each cut- ting must have one face and one edge clear; the reverse face and edge must be sound. 2. Bright sap is no defect in this grade. BRIDGE PLANK No. 1 BRIDGE PLANK 1. Must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. 2. 2" and thicker may be one- fourth of an inch scant in thickness except when otherwise specified. One face and two edges must be sound, excepting that slight wane, sound heart and an occasional grub or knot hole will be accepted. 3. The reverse face may contain defects that do not seriously impair the strength of the piece in working its full width and length. No. 2 BRIDGE PLANK 1. May contain all pieces not up to the grade of No. 1 Bridge Plank, but there must not b« more than 25% waste in any piece. A. H. M A 99 SOUND SQUARE EDGED PLANKS AND TIMBERS 1. Sound square edged plank and timbers shall be sawed to specified sizes and free from un- sound defects which prevent the working of the piece in the full width and length for the pvirpose intended. Sound heart boxed or show- ing: on the surface, worm holes, an occasional grub or knot hole (not extending through the piece), or slight wane on one or two corners may be admitted. PLAIN SAWN FLITCH 1. Lumber shall be graded according to the general rule applying to the kind of lumber in- spected, with the exception that it must be measured on the narrow or sap side in the cen- ter of the piece inside the wane or bark, and graded into any of the grades of No. 3 Common and Better to which its quality entitles It. There is no restriction to heart in the grades of Common. 2. THIS RULE DOES NOT APPLY TO VE- NEER FLITCH. VEHICLE LUMBER AND DIMENSION 1. Scattered pin worms, spot or flag worm holes in not more than three to a cluster, not less than 12" apart, sound bird peck, sound small knots not over 1/4" in diameter, sap and streaks shall not be considered defects in the grade of Firsts and Seconds or in the cuttings of the Common grades. There shall be no re- strictions as to heart in the common grades. FIRSTS AND SECONDS 1. Firsts and Seconds are a combined grade and must be 4" and over wide, 8' and over long. 2. Pieces 4" wide must be free from defects. Standard defects admitted in pieces 5" and over wide, according to the surface measure, as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8'. 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 17', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 4' and over long; not to exceed 5% of 4" widths, or 10% of 4" and 5" widths. 2. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be free of defects. 3. Pieces 4" to 7" wide, 6' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% in not over two cuttings; 100 A. H. M. A. pieces 4" to 7" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% in not over three cuttings. 4. Pieces 8" and over wide, 6' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% in not over four cuttings. 5. Each cutting to be not less than 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% in not over three cuttings; 11' to 16' long must work 50% in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% in not over three cuttings; 10' to 13' long, must work 50% in not over four cuttings; 14' and over long, must work 50% in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. SELECT CAR STOCK For Passenger, Refrigerator and Locomotive Work 1. Thickness cut to order, widths cut to order, lengths cut to order. Unless otherwise noted, must be cut from White Oak. This stock, wherever practical, should be cut outside of the heart and must be free of heart shake in pieces under 6" square. No attempt should be made to box the heart in pieces smaller than 5" by 7" unless heart is very small and tight. When heart is well boxed it must be firm and tight, and the center of the heart must not be nearer than 2" from any face; must be sawed full to sizes with square edges, and cut from sound timber and free from worm holes, with the exception of a few small pin worm holes well scattered, and an occasional spot worm. None of these defects, however, to affect the serviceability of the piece for the purpose in- tended. Must be free from split, rot or dote, large, loose, or unsound knots, or in other words, free of all defects affecting the strength and durability of the piece. Sound standard knots, well scattered, not considered a defect. FREIGHT CAR STOCK 1. Freight car dimensions, including all cars other than refrigerator and passenger cars. Sizes cut to order. Unless otherwise ordered, must be sawed from grood merchantable White or Red Oak timber. This stock must be free of rot, shake and splits, large, loose, rotten or A H. M. A. 101 unsound knots, any of which will materially im- pair the strength and durability of the piece for the purpose intended. This stock is in- tended to work full size and length without waste for side posts, braces, and end sills and plates, drafting timbers, cross ties, etc., used in the construction of ordinary freight or stock cars. On pieces 3" by 4" or equivalent girth measurement and larger (nothing under 2" thick), heart check showing on one corner or side admitted on 20% of the pieces in each car shipment. Well boxed sound hearts admitted in this material in pieces 5" by 6" and larger. 2. On pieces 3" by 4" to 6" by 6", inclusive, or equivalent girth measurement and larger (nothing under 2" thick), in absence of heart defects, wane on one corner, 3/4" side measure- ment, admitted on not to exceed 20% of the number of pieces in each car shipment. 3. Pieces over 6" by 6" square may contain 1" wane, side measurement, on one corner with other conditions same as 3" by 4" to 6" by 6" sizes. SWITCH TIES 1. Sawed switch ties shall be 6x8", 7x9", 8x10", or other standard sizes as specified, in lengths varying 1' or 6", as the case may be, and should be trimmed not to exceed 1" and under, or 3" and over, lengths specified. Must be sound timber. 2. As with other material under these rules, stock should be cut substantially full size, but to cover the necessary variation in the manu- facture a reasonable percentage not to exceed 1/4" scant green, or 1/2" scant when dry will be accepted. 3. Reasonably sound tight heart will be ad- mitted on one side, edge or corner, provided other faces are solid. Large sound knots, pin or spot worm holes, or occasional knot or grub holes are no defect. "Wane allowed on one or more corners, part or full length, provided that in the aggregate it does not reduce the bearing face to an average of more than 1%" under the width specified. CROSSING PLANK 1. Must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. 2. 2" and thicker may be 1/4" scant in thick- ness, except when otherwise specified. One face and two edges must be sound, excepting that slight wane, sound heart and an occa- sional grub or knot hole will be accepted. 3. The reverse face may contain defects that do not seriously impair the strength of the piece in working its full width and length. 102 A. H. M. A. QUARTER SAWN RED AND WHITE OAK 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds 1" of bright sap in the aggregate is no defect; each additional 1" of bright sap in the aggregate must be considered as one standard defect. 4. Bright sap is no defect in Selects and Com- mon grades. 5. 10% of Quartered Oak may be 1/16" scant on one edge provided the other side Is full standard thickness when shipping dry. G. Firsts and Seconds and Selects in Quarter Sawn Oak must show figure on one face not less than 90% in the aggregate. The cuttings in No. 1 Common and No. 2 Common must show figure on one face. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16'. 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and wider. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of tbe piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one fnce and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 5" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. A. H. M. A. 103 6. Trie minimum length of any cutting to Pe 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. Widths: 3" and wider. 2. Lengths: 4' and longer, but not more than 10% may be 4', 5', 6' and 7' lengths, not exceed- ing 5% of 3." widths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 3" and 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 3" and 4" wide, 8' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two pieces in cuttings 2' and over long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must Avork 66 2/3% clear face In not over two cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3%. clear face In not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long, or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide. 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. Nq. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4" and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least 50% sound cutting. 104 A. H. M. A. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square inches. No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common, No. 2 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. 1/2" sap on 2" to 3 1/2", 1" sap on 4" to 5 1/2" strips in the aggregate allowed on face side. 3. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Bright sap is no defect in this grade. 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edR*es 4. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three A. H. M. A. 105 cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Bright or sound discolored sap is no de- fect in this grade. 3. No. 2 Common Strips must work 50% clear face; no cutting to be considered which is less than 2" wide by 2' long. The reverse face of cuttings must be sound. 106 A. H. M. A. PECAN 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds 30 '/<■ of S' to 10' lengths will be admitted. FIRSTS AND SECONDS 1. Firsts and Seconds are combined as one grade. 2. Bird pecks not exceeding 1/2" in length, 1/4" in width, admitted if sound, but if exces- sive must be considered by the inspector. 3. Widths: 4" and over wide. 4. Pieces 4" wide must be clear. 5. Standard defects admitted in pieces 5" and over wide, according to surface measure, as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. IS', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 4' and over long, not to exceed 5% of 4" widths. 2. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 3. Pieces 4" to 7" wide, 6' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 4" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 4. Pieces 8" and over wide, 6' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 5. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long, or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long, admitting 25% of 4', 5' and 6' lengths, but not more than 10% mav be under 6'. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Pieces 4' long must be clear one face. 4. Pieces 5' and longer must work at least 50% clear face cutting. 5. The minimum length of any cutting to be IS"; the minimum width of any cutting to be 3"; the smallest cutting allowed must contain 72 square inches. A. H. M. A. 107 No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least 50% sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18"; the minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 72 square inches. No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. 108 A. H. M. A. POPLAR •1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Sound gum spots are no defect in any grade. Open gum spots are to be considered by the inspector. 4. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds pieces 10" and wider, bright sap up to one-third the width of the piece in the aggregate on one face, is no defect; each additional 1" of bright sap in the aggregate is one standard defect; 1" of bright sap in the aggregate on the re- verse face is no defect; each additional 1" of bright sap in the aggregate is one standard defect. 5. In the grades of Firsts and Seconds and Selects, mineral stain not exceeding one-sixth the surface measure of the piece in the aggre- gate will be admitted. In the grades of Sap and Common mineral stain is no defect. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 8" and over wide, 10' and over long. 2. Pieces 8" and 9" wide must be free of sap on one face. The reverse face may have 2" of bright sap in the aggregate. 3. Pieces 13' to 16' surface measure will ad- mit one standard defect or its equivalent. 4. Pieces 17' and over surface measure will admit two standard defects or their equivalent. SECONDS 1. Must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. 2. Pieces 6" wide must be free from defects, including sap. 3. Pieces 7" wide will admit 1" of bright sap in the aggregate. 4. Pieces 8" and 9" wide, 5' to 7' surface measure, will admit 1" of bright sap in the 5. Pieces 8" and 9" wide, 8' and over surface measure, will admit one standard defect and 1" of bright sap in the aggregate, or 2" of bright sap in the aggregate, if there is no other defect. 6. Pieces 10" and over wide, 6' to 9' surface measure, may have one standard defect or its eauivalent. 7. Pieces 10" and over wide, 10' to 14' surface measure, may have two standard defects or their equivalent. 8. Pieces 15' to 20' surface measure may have three standard defects or their equivalent. 9. Pieces 21' and over surface measure may have four standard defects or their equivalent. A. H. M. A. 109 SELECTS 1. Lengths: 8' and over; 20% may be 8', 9' and 10' and not to exceed 5% under 10'. 2. Widths: 6" and over wide. 3. Selects shall include the following differ- ent kinds of boards: (1) A board having a face side as good as a First, the other side must be as good as a No. 2 Common. Sun checks admitted on the poor side of this board. (2) A board having a face side as good as a Second, the other side must be as good as a No. 1 Common. (3) A board that has one more standard defect than would admit it to a Second. Ex- amples: (a) A board 6" to 7" wide with one standard defect. (b) A board 8" wide with 1" of bright sap and one standard defect. (c) Boards 9" to 11" wide, with 2" of bright sap and two standard defects, and accordingly as widths increase. 4. Splits not to exceed the width of the board up to 10" are admitted. Board over 10" in width will admit a split one-sixth the length of the board. SAPS 1. Saps must be 5" and wider, 8' and longer. 2. Pieces 5" to 8" wide must be clear, except- ing one straight split not exceeding in length the width of the piece. 3. On pieces 6" and over wide, wane along the edge or its equivalent at one end or both ends, not exceeding one-sixth the length of the piece, not exceeding in thickness one-half the thickness of the piece, and not exceeding 1" in width, shall not be considered a defect. 4. Pieces 9" and over wide may have one standard defect. 5. Bright sap is no defect in this grade. 6. NOTE — Stain covered by general instruc- tions. No. 1 COMMON 1. Sound discolored sap is no defect in this grade. 2. Widths: 4" and wider, but not more than 5% may be under 5". 3. Lengths: 6' to 16', but not more than 20% may be under 10', and not to exceed 10% of 6' and V. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear; pieces 4" wide, 8' to 16' long, may have one standard defect. 5. Pieces 5" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear: pieces 5" wide, 8' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings. 110 A. H. M. A. 6. Pieces 6" and over wide, 6' and 7' long, may have one standard defect. 7. Pieces 6" to 9" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings'; pieces 6" to 9" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 10" and over wide, 8' and 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings. 9. Pieces 10" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 10" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 10. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long, or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. Sound discolored sap is no defect in this grade. 2. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and longer, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear .face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over; 25% may be 4', 5' and 6', and not to exceed 10% under 6'. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. No. 3 Common must contain at least 50% sound cuttings. 4. No cutting to be less than 3" wide and 2' long. No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. PANEL AND WIDE No. 1 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Widths: 18" and over wide. A. H. M. A. Ill 3. Thicknesses: 3/8" to 2". 4. Bright sap is no defect and not to exceed 3" sound discolored sap on each edge in the aggregate may be admitted on any piece. 5. Splits not exceeding 6" in length in one end of the piece are not to be considered as defects. 6. Panel and Wide No. 1 is a combined grade and must contain at least 50% panel. PANEL 1. Lengths: 8' to 16', admiting not to exceed 20% of 8', 9' and 10' lengths. 2. 50% of the total quantity must be clear on both sides. The balance of the quantity may contain defects, provided 90% of the piece can be used for panels in cuttings 4' or over long by the full width of the piece. WIDE No. 1 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 6' and 7' long must be clear. 3. Pieces 8' and over long will admit defects provided 75% of the piece can be used for panels in cuttings 4' or over long by the full width of the piece. WIDE No. 2 1. Lengths: 6' and over long; 20% may be 6' 7', 8', 9' and 10', not to exceed 10% under 10'. 2. Widths: 18" to 23", 24" to 27" and 28" and over. 3. Thicknesses: 3/8" to 2". 4. Bright sap is no defect and not to exceed 3" sound discolored sap on each edge in the aggregate may be admitted on any piece. 5. Pieces 6' and 7' long will admit one stand- ard defect. 6. 8' lengths will admit two standard defects. 7. 18" wide, except 8' lengths, may contain Ave standard defects and one additional defect for each 2" of additional width. 8. Splits equal in length to the width of the board are admitted in not to exceed 10% of the boards, and are counted as a standard defect. WAGON BOX BOARDS 1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" to 12". 2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 3. Thicknesses: Must be 1" thick when ship- ping dry. 4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 5. 11' length will admit 3" splits in one end, or their equivalent in one or both ends. 6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or both ends. 112 A. H. M. A. 7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, or their equivalent in both ends; otherwise each piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects that do not prevent the piece from cutting one side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side and one end: sides to work 10' 6" long, ends to work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. Each side and end may contain one sound standard defect, or its equivalent, showing on one side. 8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- ment that can be reduced in measurement by cutting the end or edge or both to a size or- dered must be accepted and measured as box boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, showing reduction in measurement. 9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so warped that it cannot be used for box boards must be excluded from this grade. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, Select, No. 1 Common, No. 2 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: S' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5", 5 1J2". 5. Measurement must be made at narrow part of strip inside of beveled edges. 6. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and eveh inches, all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Must be clear both faces excepting 1" of bright sap showing on one side only. SELECTS 1. Will admit bright sap without limit. In absence of sap will admit two sound knots not to exceed 3/4" in diameter, or one sound standard knot. No. 1 COMMON 1. Bright or sound discolored sap is no defect. 2. 8' to 12' lengths will admit 2 standard defects 3. 14' to 16' lengths will admit 3 standard defects. No. 2 COMMON 1. Must work 66 2/3% of its length by full width of piece, sound; pin worms, bright or sound discolored sap, sound tight knots ad- mitted, A. H. M. A. 113 POPLAR— DRESSED OR WORKED General Instructions 1. Dressed Poplar shall be inspected from the best or face side. The reverse side may contain defective dressing but no other defects that would not go in the grade. 2. Slightly chipped grain on face side ad- mitted, provided it does not exceed 6" square in Firsts and Seconds, 12" square in Saps and Selects, and 18" square in No. 1 Common in the aggregate. 3. Imperfect manufacture in dressed or worked stock, such as torn grain, broken knois, mis-matched, insufficient tongue or groove, shall be considered defects and will reduce the grade accordingly. 4. Partition, Ceiling, Flooring or Drop Sid- ing, having less than three-sixteenths of an inch tongue, shall not be admitted in any grade above No. 2 Common. 5. Wane on the reverse side, not exceeding one-third the width, and running not to ex- ceed one-sixth the length of any piece, pro- vided the wane does not extend into the tongue, or over one-half the thickness below the groove, will be admitted. Bevel Siding 1. Bevel Siding is made from 1x4" 5" and 6" strips. S4S to 27/32x3 3/8", 4 3/8" and 5 3/8" and resawed on a bevel. No. 1 1. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting 15% of odd lengths. Must be practically free of defects ex- cept 1" of sap or two knots on thin edge that will cover by lap. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting 15% of odd lengths. "Will admit two sound knots 3/4" in diameter, or one standard defect. Sap admitted without limit. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' to 20', admitting 15% of odd lengths. Sound discolored sap and scattering pin-worm holes not to be considered defects in this grade. In addition thereto boards may con- tain standard defects or their equivalent as follows •• 4' lengths, one. 5' to 9' lengths, two. 10' to 14' lengths, three. 15' to 20' lengths, four. 114 A. H. M. A. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' to 20', admitting 15% of odd lengths. Will admit all pieces that will not come up to the grade of No. 1 Common which can be vised for cheap siding without waste of more than one-third the length of any one piece. Pin-worm holes admitted. Drop Siding 1. Made from 1x4", 5" and 6" strips. 2. Widths: 3 1/4", 4 1/4", 5 1/4" net face, counted as 4", 5" and 6", respectively. 3. Thickness: 3/4" net after surfacing. 4. The above covers all grades. No. 1 1. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting 15% of odd lengths. Must be practically free of defects on face side. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting 15% of odd lengths. Will admit two sound knots 3/4" in diameter, or one standard defect. Sap ad- mitted without limit. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' to 20', admitting 15% of odd lengths. Sound discolored sap and scattering pin-worm holes not to be considered defects in this grade. In addition thereto boards may con- tain standard defects or their equivalent as follows: 4' lengths, one. 5' to 9' lengths, two. 10' to 14' lengths, three. 15' to 20' lengths, four. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' to 20', admitting 15% of odd lengths. Will admit all pieces that will not come up to the grade of No. 1 Common which can be used for cheap siding without waste of more than one-third the length of any one piece. Pin-worm holes admitted. Dressed Dimension Strips 1. Widths: 3" and over; stock S2S 1/4" scant in width; stock S4S 1/2" scant in width. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. A. H. M. A. 115 No. 1 1. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting 15% of odd lengths. Each piece must be practically clear on one face, V" to 9" widths, 1'*' ot bright sap admitted on one edge showing on face side, 10" to 12" widths, 1 1/2" of brignt sap admitted on one edge showing on face side. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting 15% of odd lengths. Bright sap admitted without limit, and in addition thereto one standard defect or its equivalent admitted in boards 8" and under wide, and two standard defects or their equiva- lent admitted in boards 9" to 12", inclusive. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' to 20', admitting 15% of odd lengths. Shall admit of any number of sound knots that paint will cover, the board to work full length and width. Bright or sound dis- colored sap and scattered pin-worm holes not to be considered defects in this grade. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' to 20', admitting 15% of odd lengths. Shall include all boards that will work two-thirds or more of the same grade as No. 1 Common, in not to exceed three cuts the full width of the boards, no cutting to be shorter than 3'. Casing and Base 1. Lengths: 8' and over, admitting 15% of odd lengths. 2. Widths: Net, 3 1/2", 4 1/2", 5 1/2", 6 1/2", 7 1/2", 8 1/2" and 9 1/2", counted 1/2" wider than net face. 3. Thickness: 13/16" after surfacing. 4. The above refers to and covers all grades. FIRSTS AND SECONDS 1. Each piece must be practically clear on 2. 7" to 10" widths, 1" of bright sap admitted on one edge, showing on face side. SAP AND SELECTS 1. . Bright sap admitted without limit, and in addition one standard defect or its equivalent to be admitted in boards 8" and under, and two standard defects or their equivalent in boards 9" to 10" wide. 116 A. H. M. A. No. 1 COMMON 1. This grade will include all stock that will not come up to the grade of Saps and Selects, that will work two-thirds of its length clear face in pieces 3' long and longer, regardless of sap. Stained sap, without limit, where there are no other defects, admitted in this grade. POPLAR—QUARTER SAWN 1. Grades. Firsts and Seconds and No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 3. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS^ AND SECONDS 1. Firsts and Seconds are a combined grade and must be 5" and over wide. Standard de- fects are admitted according to surface meas- ure as follows: 6', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 9', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 13', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 18' and over, 4 standard defects or their equivalent. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 8' and over long, not to exceed 5% of 4" widths. 2. Pieces 4" wide must work 75% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 5" and over wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 75% clear face in not over two cuttings; 12' and over long must work 75% clear face in not over three cuttings. 3. No piece or cutting considered which is less than 4" wide and 2' long, or 3" wide and 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' and over, admitting 10% of odd lengths; 25% may be 6', 7' and 8', and not to exceed 10% under 8'. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Thicknesses: Standard. 4. Bright or slightly discolored sap no defect. 5. No. 2 Common shall include all lumber that will not come up to the grade of No. 1 Common that will work at least 50% into clear face quartered cuttings. No piece or cutting to be less than 3" wide and 2' long. A. H. M. A. 117 SYCAMORE— PLAIN 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- alent. 2. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equivalent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted acording to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 1 44 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30*^ shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 118 A. H. M. A. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long-, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces . 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5 7 ' to 7" wide. 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50 % sound in not over four cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered which contains less than 36 square inches. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. A. H. M. A. 119 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches, all fractions of less than 1 / £" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to De con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 120 A. II. M. A. SYCAMORE— QUARTER SAWN 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Firsts and Seconds and Selects Quarter Sawn Sycamore must show figure on one face not less than 90% in the aggregate. The cut- tings in No. 1 Common and No. 2 Common must show figure on one face. 4. Ten per cent, of quartered .Sycamore may be 1/16" scant on one edge, provided the other edge is full standard thickness when shipping dry. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface measure may have one standard defect or its equivalent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equivalent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 2. "Widths: 5" and over wide. 3. Inspection to be made from the good side of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one face and sound on the reverse side. 4. Pieces 6" find over wirle, 8' and over long, must grade not below seconds on the best face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must work at least 80% sound. 5. This grade may also include pieces other than those described above, below the grade of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 8". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 144 square inches. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. A. H. M. A. 121 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide. 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No, cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 ?'3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3^ clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over Avide. 4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% clear face in not over five cuttings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. Each piece must contain at least 50% sound cutting. 4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square inches. No. 4 COMMON 1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 122 A. H. M. A. Worm holes are not to be considered defects, and unsound lumber with sufficient substance to hold nails admitted. STRIPS 1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 2. Thicknesses: Standard. 3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2". 5. Inspection on all grades must be made from the good side of the piece. 6. Measurement must be made at narrow part of strip inside of beveled edges. 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" dropped. CLEAR 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Must have one clear face and two good edges; the reverse face must be sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. '2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. 3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- sidered which is less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face and two good edges. The reverse face must be sound. 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of the cutting in this grade must be good and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. A. H. M. A. 123 WALNUT 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 3. All odd lengths must be measured. 4. Steamed sap is no defect. 5. These rules apply only to steam treated lumber, if lumber is not so treated, Sap is a defect and special contract should be made between buyer and seller, outlining to what extent the Sap is to be considered a defect. FIRSTS AND SECONDS 1. Firsts and Seconds are a combined grade and must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, and not to exceed 45% under 10' long. 2. Pieces 8' and longer, 6" and 7" wide, may have one standard defect or its equivalent. 3. Pieces 8' and longer, 8" and 9" wide, may have two standard defects or their equivalent. 4. Pieces 8' and 9' long, 10" and over wide, may have two standard defects or their equiv- alent. 5. Pieces 10' and over long, 10" and over wide, may have three standard defects or their equivalent. SELECTS 1. Selects must be 4" and over wide, 6' and over long, admitting 50% under 10' long and 10% may be 6' and 7' long. 2. Pieces 6' and longer, 4" and 5" wide, must have one clear face and two good edges, an-i the reverse side not below grade of No. 1 Common. 3. Pieces 6' and 7' long, 6" and over wide, must have one clear face and two good edges, and the reverse side not below grade of No. 1 Common. 4. Pieces 8' and over long, 6" and over wide, must not grade below seconds on best face and not below No. 1 Common on poor side. 5. Will admit pieces 8' and over long with one clear face, the reverse side sound but not be- low the grade of No. 2 Common. 6. In lumber 5/4" and less in thickness, 20% of the quantity may grade not below No. 2 Common on the poor side, provided it will work 80 7c sound. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 4' and over long. 2. Pieces 4" and over wide must work 66 2/3% clear face, no cutting to be considered which does not contain 144 square inches. 124 A. H. M. A. 3. The minimum width of any cutting to b« 3", the minimum length of any cutting to be 24". Each cutting in this grade must have one clear face and the reverse side must be sound. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common will admit all lumber below the grade of No. 1 Common that will cut 50% clear face in pieces containing 72 or more^ square inches. The reverse face of all cuttings 1 must be sound. The minimum width of any cutting to be 2". No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide. 4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% of sound cuttings. 2. Minimum width of cutting 1 1/2", and no! cutting considered which contains less than 36' square inches. A. H. M. A. 125 WILLOW 1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 2. Widths: 3" and over wide. FIRSTS 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface measure may have one standard defect or its equivalent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have two standard defects or their equivalent. SECONDS 1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 2. Standard defects are admitted according to surface measure as follows: 5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. No. 1 COMMON 1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30 % shorter than 10' and not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be clear. 5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 66 2/3'% clear face in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over wide, may have two standard defects. 7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over four cuttings. 9. No cutting to be considered which is less than 4" wide bv 2' long, or 3" wide by 3' long. 126 A. H. M. A. No. 2 COMMON 1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' lengths. 2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and longer, must work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 50% sound in not over four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, must work 50% sound in not over five cut- tings. 4. No cutting to be considered which is less than 3" wide by 2' long. No. 3 COMMON 1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings iy 2 ", and no cutting considered which contains less than 36 square inches. WAGON BOX BOARDS 1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" to 12". 2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- ping dry. 4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 5. 11' lengths will admit 3" splits in one end, or their equivalent in one or both ends. 6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or both ends. 7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end or their equivalent in both ends; otherwise each piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects that do not prevent the piece from cutting one side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side and one end; side to work 10' 6" long, ends to work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. Each side and end may contain one sound standard defect, or its equivalent, showing on one side. 8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a shipment that can be reduced in measurement by cutting the end or edge or both to a size ordered must be accepted and measured as box boards; sep- arate tally to be kept of such boards, show- ing reduction in measurement. 9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so warped that it cannot be used for box boards must be excluded from this grade. A. H. M. A. 127 WAGON STOCK No. 1 AXLES 1. To be cut from live tough black or shell bark hickory, cut 6' in length, to include all the clear and perfect stock. Defects as fol- lows admissible: 2. Stain, penetrating not more than 1/16" and which has not developed into a rotting condi- tion. 3. Four sound pin knots, not exceeding 1/4" in diameter, or two sound knots 3/4'^ in diam- eter, near the center lines longitudinally on top or side, and not over 12" of center or more than 6" of ends. Knots (except pin knots) not to be closer than 12" apart. . 4. Splits, on either end, extending not more than 6" in axle or 3" on both ends. 5. Season checks, not more than 1/2" deep and not more than 12" long. 6. Hearts or Heart Rings, none. 7. Shakes, that will plane out with 1/8" cut. 8. Not more than two pin worm holes not nearer than 6" to each other. Not more than two grub holes that will penetrate more than 6" of either end of the piece. 9. Bird pecks allowed if sound, or if unsound part is not to exceed 1/2" in diameter and not over 1/4" in depth. 10. Axles with wane will be measured exclud- ing the wane. 11. Bright sap considered no defect. 12. Grain can cross 3" in entire length of axle. 13. If defects not admitted can be cut out so as to reduce axle to a smaller size used and ordered by the buyer, it shall be so inspected. 14. Hewn axles shall be measured to square to the size they are ordered. 15. Defects at ends of axles that will admit of piece working 5' 6" long will be admitted. BOLSTERS 1. To be cut from good, tough, straight- grained Oak or Hickory (when Oak is specified it will be understod as being "White or Red Oak) suitable for wagon material. To be clear and perfect stock, excepting the following de- fects, which will be admissible: 2. Stain, penetrating not more than 1/16", and which shows no sign of rot. 3. One sound knot not over 1/2" in diam- eter, not more than 12" from the center of the piece, or three sound pin knots not exceeding 1/4" in diameter located in same manner. 4. Splits, none. 5. Season Checks, not more than 1/2" deep, nor more than 12" long. 128 A. H. M. A. G. Heart Rings, none. 7. Shakes, if they can be planed out with 1/8" cut. 8. Not more than six pin worm holes in a bolster, these holes not to be in clusters of more than three holes 6" apart. 9. Bird pecks, allowed if sound. 10. Will be measured excluding the wane. 11. Bright sap accepted. 12. Grain can cross 2" in length of Bolster as maximum. 13. If defects not admitted can be cut out so as to reduce Bolster to a smaller size used and ordered by the buyer, it shall be so inspected. No. 1 SANDBOARDS 1. To be cut from good, tough, straight- grained Oak or Hickory (when Oak is specified it will be understood as being White or Red Oak) suitable for wagon material. To be clear and perfect stock, excepting the following de- fects, which will be admissible: 2. Stain, penetrating not more than 1/16", and which shows no signs of rot. 3. One sound knot not over 1/2" in diameter, not more than 12" from the center of the piece, or three sound pin knots not exceeding 1/4" diameter located in same manner. 4. Splits, none. 5. Season checks, not more than 1/2" deep nor more than 12" long. 6. Heart rings, none. 7. Shakes, if they can be planed out with 1/8" cut. 8. Not more than six pin worm holes in a Sandboard, these holes not to be in clusters of more than three holes 6" apart. 9. Bird pecks, allowed, if sound. 10. Will be measured excluding the wane. 11. Bright sap accepted. 12. Grain can cross 2" in length of Sand- board as maximum. 13. If defects not admitted can be cut out so as to reduce Sandboard to a smaller size used and ordered by the buyer, it shall be so inspected. No. 1 REACHES 1. To be cut from good, tough, straight- grained Oak or Hickory (when Oak is specified it will be understod as being White or Red Oak) suitable for wagon material. To be clear and perfect stock, free from knots, splits, hearts, grub holes, heart rings, shakes, or bird pecks. Bright sap accepted. The following de- fects will be admitted: 2. Stain, pentrating not more than 1/16", and which shows no signs of rot. 3. Season checks, not over 1/4" deep or 12" long. A. H. M. A. 129 4. Not more than six pin worm holes in a Reach, these holes not to be in clusters of more than three holes 6" apart. POLES 1. To be cut from good, tough, straight- grained Oak or Ash (when Oak is specified it will be understood as being White or Red Oak) suitable for wagon material. To be clear and perfect stock, free from knots, splits, hearts, grub holes, heart rings, shakes, or bird pecks. Bright sap accepted. The following defects will be admitted: 2. Stain, penetrating not more than 1/16", and which shows no signs of rot. 3. Season checks, not over 1/4" deep or 12" long, 4. Not more than six pin worm holes -in a pole, these holes not to be in clusters of more than three holes 6" apart. EVENERS 1. To be cut from good, tough, straight- grained Hickory, suitable for wagon material. To be clear and perfect stock, free from knots, splits, hearts, grub holes, heart rings, shakes, worm holes or wane. The following defects are admissible: 2. Stain, penetrating not more than 1/16", and which shows no signs of rot. 3. Season checks, not over 1/4" deep or 12" long. 4. Worm holes, none. 5. Bright sap no objection. 6. Sound bird pecks admitted. No. T SAWED FELLOES 1. To be cut from sound White or Red Oak, free from knots, and all other defects, except- ing that 1/16" stain will be allowed if said stain shows no signs of rot. Must be manufac- tured so that grain will run straight through center of each piece. Cut full sizes and proper circles. No. 2 WAGON STOCK 1. Defects which will be removed in working the piece for the purpose intended shall not be considered. Sound stain, sound bird pecks, season checks well inside the edges of the piece, scattered pin worm holes, spot worm holes in clusters not less than six inches apart and not more than five holes to a cluster, and 1/2" of wane on one corner that will not work off will be admitted in the No. 2 grade, unless otherwise specified. Defects described in these rules, combined or located in such a manner as seriously to impair the utility of the piece 130 A. H. M. A. for the purpose intended, shall not be ad- mitted. 2. Any defect not admitted that can be cut out so as to reduce the piece to a smaller size used and ordered by the buyer, it shall be so inspected. No. 2 AXLES 1. No. 2 Axles will admit 3/4" sound knots, i 1 1/4" sound knots not less than 12" apart, j two 1 1/4" unsound knots showing on one face only, or their equivalent in smaller de- j fects; season checks 1" deep and 24" long, end splits not exceeding 8" in length, grain crossing in not less than half the length of the piece, one inch of wane, two grub holes show- ing on one or two sides, or other defects equiva- lent to the above. 2. Hewn axles shall be measured to square to the size they are ordered. 3. Defects at ends of axles that will admit working 5' 6" to be accepted. No. 2 BOLSTERS AND SANDBOARDS 1. (Same as No. 2 Axles except that no splits are admissible.) No. 2 POLES AND REACHES 1. No. 2 Poles and Reaches will admit 3/4" sound knots that do not show through the piece and three 1/2" unsound knots that do not extend more than half through the piece, two grub holes showing on bottom or sides, splits 6" long in one end or the equivalent In both ends, grain crossing in not less than one-third the length of the piece, a vertical or lateral bend diverging not more than 1 1/2" from a straight line the length of the piece, or other defects equivalent to the above. No. 2 EVENERS, SINGLETREES, BRAKE- BEAMS AND NECK YOKES 1. No. 2 Eveners. Singletrees. Brakebeams and Neck Yokes will admit two 1/2" knots not to be less than 6" from the center of the piece, or their equivalent In other defects. Un- sound knots shall not extend more than half through the piece. No. 2 SAWED FELLOES 1. No. 2 Sawed Felloes will admit two 1 /'>" sound knots or their equivalent, two 3/4" knots or their equivalent, well inside the edges of the piece on the tread side; grain diverging two inches from the center line of the piece, in three-fourths its length. A. H. M. A. 131 SPECIAL INSPECTION LOG RUN 1. "Log Run" means the full run of the logs, with all grades below No. 2 Common excluded. No. 1 COMMON AND BETTER 1. No. 1 Common and Better means the full run of the log with all grades below No. 1 Com- mon excluded. MILL RUN 1. "Mill Run" means the full run of the log, No. 4 Common and Better. No. 1 COMMON FACE 1. No. 1 Common Face to be inspected from the good side of the piece in the same size and number of cuttings allowed in the present rules for No. 1 Common. One face of the cuttings to be clear, the reverse side sound. No. 2 COMMON FACE 1. No. 2 Common Face to be inspected from the good side of the piece in the same size and number of cuttings allowed in the present rules for No. 2 Common. One face of the cuttings to be clear, the reverse side sound. Squares 1. Grades: Firsts and Seconds, Sound, No. 1 Common and No. 2 Common. 2. Sizes: 3x3", 4x4", 5x5", 6x6", 7x7", 8x8", 9x9", 10x10" and 12x12". 3. Lengths: Standard. 4. In the grades of Firsts and Seconds and Sound, one-third of the pieces may have wane on one corner that will be removed in turning the square to its working size. 5. Splits not exceeding 6" in length in one end in the grades of Firsts and Seconds and Sound are not to be considered defects; splits longer than 6" not to be admitted in these grades. 6. Walnut, Cherry and Red Gum Squares will not admit more sap than will be removed in turning the square to its working size. Squares in other woods will admit any amount of bright sap. 7. Boxed Hearts not allowed in the grades of Firsts and Seconds and Sound, nor in the cut- tings of No. 1 Common and No. 2 Common Squares. 132 A. H. M. A. FIRSTS AND SECONDS 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Sound standard defects are admitted ac- cording to the size of the square, as follows: 3x3", 4x4" and 5x5", 1 sound standard defect. 6x 6" and 7x 7", 2 sound standard defects. Sx 8" and 9x 9", 3 sound standard defects. 10x10" and 12x12", 4 sound standard defects. SOUND 1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 2. Sound discolored sap is no defect in this grade. 3. Sound squares must work sound full length. No. 1 COMMON 1. Slightly discolored sap is no defect in this 2. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 3. No. 1 Common Squares must work 66 2/3% in cuttings 2' or over long by the full size of the square; three sides of each cutting must be clear; the fourth side may have one sound standard defect or its equivalent. No. 2 COMMON 1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 2. No. 2 Common Squares must work 50% sound in cuttings 2' or over long, by the full size of the square. Kiln Dried Lumber 1. Measurement and inspection on lumber to be kiln dried shall be made befor,e same is placed in the kiln. No inspection or measure- ment shall be made on kiln dried lumber after same has been kiln dried except by mutual agreement. A. H. M. A 133 OFFICIAL STANDARD WEIGHTS OF HARDWOOD LUMBER Rough Dry Ash 3/8" 1500 1/2" 2000 5/8" 2500 3/4" 3000 4/4" 3800 5/4" 6/4" 3900 o/i" 4000 Basswood 4/4" 2600 Beech 4/4" 4000 Birch 4/4" 4000 Black Gum 4/4" 3400 Butternut 4/4" 2800 Buckeye 4/4" 2600 Cherry 4/4" 4000 Chestnut 4/4" 2800 Cottonwood 1/4" 1050 3/8" 1050 1/2" 1400 5/8" 1750 3/4" 2000 4/4" 2800 5/4" 6/4" 2900 8/4" 3000 Cypress 1/4" . 1200 3/8" 1200 1/2" 1500 5/8" 1900 4/4" 5/4" 6/4" 3000 8/4" 3200 10/4" 12/4" 16/4" 3500 Elm (Soft) 4/4" 3200 5/4" 6/4" 3300 8/4" 3500 10/4" 12/4" 3600 Elm (Rock) . . 4/4" 3800 Gum (Red) 1/4" 850 3/8" "1300 1/2" 1750 5/8" 2200 3/4" 2700 4/4" 3500 5/4" 6/4" 3600 8/4" 3800 Gum (Sap) 1/4" 800 3/8" 1250 1/2" 1700 5/8" 2100 3/4" 2500 4/4" 3300 5/4" 6/4" 3400 8/4" 3600 Hickory 4/4" 5000 Axles and Reaches r >000 Rim Strips 5000 134 A. H. M. A. Rough Dry Holly 4/4" 3500 Locust 4/4" 4200 Magnolia 4/4" 3500 Maple (Soft) 4/4" 3250 5/4" 6/4" 3350 8/4" 3500 Maple (Hard) 4/4" 4000 Oak (Eastern) 3/8" 2000 1/2" 2200 5/8" 2700 3/4" 3200 4/4" 3900 5/4" 6/4" 4000 8/4" 4200 Chair and Furniture Stock 4200 Squares 4200 Wagon Stock and Felloes 4500 Plow Handle Strips... 4250 Oak (Memphis Ter.)..*. .. 1/4" 1100 3/8" 1700 1/2" 2150 5/8" 2700 3/4" 3250 4/4" 4200 5/4" 6/4" 4300 8/4" 4500 Chair and Furniture Stock 4200 Squares 4200 Wagon Stock and Felloes 4500 Plow Handle Strips... 4250 Oak (La. and Tex.) 3/8" 1750 1/2" 2200 5/8" 2750 3/4" 3400 4/4" 4400 5/4" 6/4" 4500 8/4" 4800 Pecan 4/4" 4800 Poplar 3/8" 1050 1/2" 1400 5/8" 1600 3/4" 2100 4/4" 2800 Sycamore 4/4" 3200 Tupelo 4/4" 3000 5/4" 6/4" 3100 8/4" 3200 Walnut 4/4" 4000 Willow 4/4" 2800 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 017 110 99 8 ft $ Additional copies may be had by applying to the AMERICAN HARDWOOD MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION BANK OF COMMERCE & TRUST CO. BLDG. MEMPHIS KINDLY REMIT 10 CENTS PER COPY WITH ORDER FOR DELIVERY