Class Q j /'^^ S- Book o3. Copyright N° COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. Liberty Sub-District Schools MANUAL OF EXERCISES IN Physical Training FOR GRADES I TO VIII INCLUSIVE PREPARED BY E. M. SANDERS, Physical Director 'I i9ii PITTSBURGH: Nicholson Printing Company ^ Copyrighted, 1911 BY E. M. SANDERS ©CLA28()927 V V r PREFACE This System of Physical Training was introduced into the Liberty Sub-District School during the term of nineteen hundred nine and ten, by its author, Mr. Everett M. Sanders, a graduate of the Posse Normal School of Gymnastics, Boston, Mass. The system is especially adapted to public school room exercise, as it does not require the use of wands, dumb-bells, etc. The pupils do not have to be taken to a special room or gymnasium, nor do they need special clothes, but are ready to practice at any time the teacher may wish. The exercises are sufficiently vigorous, and must prove of benefit to all who honestly and thoroughly carry out the instructions. Owing to the little time needed for them, they can be used frequently to advantage, or even to arouse a room when the children have become somewhat lethargic. A few games and plays, to be used as exercises, have also been introduced. That our teachers may have a. complete and convenient manual to guide them, when the physical director is not present, the Board of Directors has authorized this publication, and we commend it to their careful study and faithful use, believing that its course of physical training will be of lasting benefit to their pupils. T. D. Davis, M. D. E. S. Corlett J. M. DouTHETT, M. D. Wm. T. Easton R. C. Clarke, M. D. H. Lee Mason Board of Directors — 5— INTRODUCTION This manual is intended as a . guide for teachers so that they may be enabled to give the gymnastic lesson's in such a manner that the greatest good to the pupils may result. As the conditions under which the work is conducted in the class room are obviously not the most favorable, its success or failure will largely depend upon the attitude of the grade teacher toward this subject. The lessons being of a progressive nature, the degree of perfection attained in the execution of one lesson will determine the ease or difficulty with which the new lessons may be mastered. Attention is called to the fact that the com- mands used in this manual are given accord- ing to two methods: First— Commands given in response time. Second — Commands given in rhythm time. By the first method, movement occurs imme- diately after the command; by the second, simultaneously with the command. This difference will be referred to in the "Sug- gestions for Teachers", found in the manual. At the end of this manual will be found several games for the schoolroom, to be used at the discretion of the teachers. "Games for the playground", suitable for all grades, are also given, and it is hoped that the teachers — 6— will not only find the time but take the oppor- tunity to teach these to their pupils. In the spring and autumn, the gymnastic period may occasionally be taken for this purpose. Recess (which occupies a place upon many school programs) also offers an excellent opportunity for teaching these games. While the writer realizes that the special teacher is always in danger of placing undue emphasis upon the subject of the school curric- ulum which he represents, and so overbur- dening the already heavily-laden grade teacher, nevertheless, he feels that fifteen minutes devoted daily to physical training will decrease rather than increase the teacher's problems. THE PURPOSE OF GYMNASTICS IN SCHOOLS One of the evils of our modern school methods is the long confinement of the pupils. The very nature of our school organization requires that the pupils sit quietly at their desks during the greater part of this long period, and as the desks are often ill-fitting and out of proportion to the size of the pupils, much physical harm may result. The imme- diate result of this sedentary life is the dis- — 7— turbance of many natural functions: diges- tion and nutrition are impaired; the respira- tion becomes shallow; the circulation is re- tarded; soft and rapidly growing bony struc- ture is frequently pressed upon and distorted, and many physical deformities are the result. To counteract these evil tendencies, at least in a measure, gymnastics have become a part of the course of study in almost every large city. They are useful not only in furnishing a slight relaxation from the confinement, but also as a recreation from the mental strain of study. Muscular work stimulates the different organs to action. The heart beats more rapidly and strongly; respirations become more frequent and deeper and the digestion is improved. In addition to all this, well regulated exercise brings about a straighten- ing of the limbs; the muscles of the body are strengthened so that they not only correct bony deformities, but also correct developing abnormalities. Besides the developmental and hygienic functions of gymnastics, their educational value must also be considered. Through daily exercise pupils are led to think more of their physical condition. Their attention is directed to the many things which tend to undermine health, and they are taught to appreciate the value of a strong, well-proportioned body under the direct control of the will. The habit of taking exercise is formed and may continue with them through later life. The direct training of the motor centres insures better co-ordination, resulting in a smaller expenditure of vital energy in '^aimless rompings'^ so characteristic of the elementary school age, besides adding grace to every movement. Of equal importance with the motor training, is the training of the inhibitory powers. To suppress the natural desire for motion is one thing, but to train the will so as to control the movements, is quite another. So much depends upon the enthusiastic manner in which a gymnastic lesson is given, that each teacher should feel it a duty to become familiar with all phases of the work, in order that the greatest possible good may result to the pupils under her care. — 9— SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHERS Before beginning the lessons, be sure that the air in the room is pure or will become so Defore the lesson is far advanced. Insist upon the removal of overshoes and wraps of all kinds. Impress upon the pupils the evil effects of wearing such things indoors, also the wearing of tight-fitting garments of any kind. Ask the boys to unbutton their coats as the movements should be as free as possible. The time for this subject should be fifteen minutes a day. In the first and second grades and even in the third and fourth, the time may be divided so that the lessons will be a part of each session's program. In the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth grades, the full time should be given and preferably the mid- dle of the afternoon session. Each lesson should consist of (a) the march to places (in all grades but the first and second) ; (6) facings and march-steps; (c) the exercises contained in the lesson; (d) the march back to seats. Do not require the pupils to memorize the lessons as this is likely to lead to inattention through mere routine, or inaccuracy while trying to recall. —10— Let the exercises follow each other as quickly as possible; i. e., do not waste time in correcting individual pupils or making lengthy explanations. Remember that the prime object is exercise, and that to show an exercise once is better than several explana- tions. As has been suggested previously, a move- ment executed in response time is one in which the movement takes place immediately after the command or count has been given. This being the case whenever the teacher is exercising with the pupils, care should be taken that her movements do not take place until the children have had time to respond, else the object of the movement (which is to make the pupils think) is defeated. Keep the pupils busy and insist upon proper standing position at all times. The impor- tance of the correct standing and walking position should never be over-looked. For example, take the young man or woman ap- plying for a business position. That neatness and tidiness counts, none will question. Sup- pose, however, that the applicants appear- ance is not questioned. Do you think that the boy who shambles into an office, possibly shuffling his feet and not making the least effort to carry himself well, will have any -11- chance of securing the position, when the next applicant, a manly looking little fellow, enters with that easy, graceful walk so characteris- tic of a well controlled body? Thus to stand erect and walk with ease and grace is not only conducive to health but a financial asset as well. But let us view the matter from another standpoint; that of the boy and girl toward the teacher. No teacher is free from the critical eyes of her pupils. The teacher who stands erect and can do ^'physical things" is sure to win a place in the heart of every boy and girl. A fine well-developed body under good con- trol is so unusual as to attract especial atten- tion, and is something every boy and girl should be taught and encouraged to attain. When an exercise requires a starting posi- tion, give the command for that position be- fore giving the command for any part of the exercise. If the starting position is fatiguing, and if there are several exercises which re- quire the same position, give the command to resume the fundamental position after each exercise, in order that the tired muscles may be momentarily relieved from the strain. Never exercise a muscle to the point of fatigue. —12— As it is impossible to see the movements of all the pupils from the same place, it is ad- visable to move to different parts of the room. A side or a rear view will often reveal faults that are not visible from the front. Pupils who do their work poorly should not stand in front of the class. Since imita- tion is such a large factor in education, pupils should see only good models. In judging a lesson the teacher should ask herself the three following questions: 1. Are pupils interested and is physical training time a happy one? 2. Is every one trying and is obedience prompt and cheerful? 8. Are the exercises correctly executed? '^Cheerfulness is a friend to health.'* —IB- COMMANDS The proper giving of commands is of the utmost importance. The motor activities as well as the inhibitory powers, are developed by the prompt response to well given com- mands. The tone of voice and the emphasis largely determine the amount of vigor and energy the pupils put into their work. Con- sequently each teacher should make it her duty to acquire the habit of giving commands correctly. Every command should consist of two parts, the preparatory and executory, but a cau- tionary command may some times precede. For example: Without moving shoulders (cautionary) J Head backward (preparatory) — bend! (executory) , The preparatory com- mand should be spoken clearly and distinctly so that every one can understand what is to be done and be ready to do it when the execu- tory part is given. A snort pause is made be- fore the executory command is given, and it should correspond to the kind of movement desired. Rapid movements require a sharp, well accented command, while for slow move- ments the commands should have a lingering intonation. The executory part of a command is not always a word. When an exercise is done rhythmically, counts are used. Often —14— for variety counts take the place of words. An example would be: Head to left — turn! Head forward — turn! Head to right — turn! Head forward — turn! For the variation above referred to, the command may be given: The same with counts — 1, 2, 3, 4! In all exercises where counts bring the pupils to fundamental position, never use the command, Position! They are already there and the command is superflous. —15— EXPLANATION OF POSITIONS FUNDAMENTAL OR CORRECT STANDING POSITION. This corresponds to that of a soldier ex- cept that the feet are at right angles. The heels are together; the toes turned out, the feet forming an angle of 90° with each other; the knees straight, without being stiff; the hips drawn slightly backward; the chest well expanded; the shoulders drawn backward and downward; the arms hanging down by their own weight close to the body, with fingers ex- tended and just behind the middle of the thigh; head erect; eyes to the front and the weight of the body carried well forward to the balls of the feet. To have the pupils as- sume this position, give the command. Attention! or, if they are already attentive, but standing in some other position and you wish them to take fundamental position quick- ly, the command is. Position! If it becomes necessary to give the pupils a rest or ex- plain a movement the command, In place — rest! is given. At this command, the pupils assume an easy manner, placing the left foot forward and grasping the hands backward. This prevents "idle hands". This fundamental position should be insisted upon at all times. —16— COMMENCING POSITIONS Many of the exercises are executed from the fundamental position, but in some cases it is necessary or desirable to have the arms or legs in some other position from which to be- gin an exercise. These are called commencing positions for example, standing with hands on hips. From each of these commencing positions, the fundamental position is taken at the command, Position! The following are commands for and an explanation of these various positions. 1. Hands on hips — place! The hands quickly grasp the middle of the waist with the palms resting on the hip bones, fingers together and in front; the elbows drawn back and the shoulders down. 2. Arms upward — bend! The forearms are bent upward with mod- erate speed so that the closed finger tips are in front of the shoulders and well out to the side. The elbows are kept down but not drawn back. 3. Arms forward — bend! The elbows are quickly bent to utmost flexion in front of the chest, drawn well back —17— and raised to a level with the shoulders. The palms are down and the wrists straight, and the hands do not touch the chest or each other. 4. Hands on shoulders— place ! The forearms are quickly bent so that the elbows are on a line with the shoulders and drawn well back. The hands are above and the finger tips touching the shoulders. 5. Hands behind neck — place! The hands are quickly locked behind the neck, with the elbows drawn well back. If it is not possible to retain good posture with the fingers locked, just the tips of the fingers may touch. 6. Hands backward — grasp! The hands are quickly locked behind the hips. In this movement, the elbows are straight and the shoulders drawn well back and down. 7. Arms backward — fold! The arms are quickly folded in the small of the back, the hands grasping the opposite arm. 8. Arms forward — fold! The arms are quickly folded in front of the body so that the left hand is grasping the —18— right arm just above the elbow. This move- ment is generally used in combination with No. 7. 9. Hands for clapping — raise! The left forearm is raised so as to bring the hand in front of the middle of the body, palm up; the right a little higher and above the left, palm down. 10. Arms to thrust — bend! This is the most vigorous of the arm exer- cises and requires that the muscles of the arms be tense. The arms are quickly bent to an acute angle so that the forearms are hori- zontal and the elbows well back. The hands are tightly closed as if gripping a dumb-bell. 11. Arms sideivays — lift! The arms are lifted quickly sideways to a level with the shoulders. At the command, Hands — Turn!, the palms are turned upward, and we have another commencing position. 12. Arms forward — lift! The arms are quickly lifted to shoulder level in front of the body. The elbows are straight and the fingers stretched, the dis-' tance between the hands being equal to that between the shoulders. The palms should be turned toward each other. —19— 13. Feet — close! Feet — open! The balls of the feet are lifted from the floor, and, while rotating on the heels, are quickly brought together, so that the insides of the feet are touching when they are again placed on the floor. On the second part of the above command, the feet are returned to fundamental position. 14. Left (r.) foot forward — place! Either the left or the right foot as com- manded is lifted and moved parallel with itself twice its own length forward, and placed on the floor so that the weight of the body is carried equally by both feet. 15. Left (r.) foot sideways — place! Either foot is placed to the side twice its length. Either foot may also be placed back- ward the same distance by substituting the word backward for sideways in the above command. 16. Feet sideways place — 1! 2! At 1, the left foot is moved its own length to the left; at 2, the right foot is moved in the same manner to the right. This makes an easy way to teach beginners and also corrects in the older pupils the tendency to keep the weight on one foot. —20— EXPLANATION OF EXERCISES HEAD. • The head can be bent forward, backward, and to the left and right. It can also be turned to the left and right. 1. Head forward — bend! Head upward — stretch ! The head is bent forward so that the chin will rest on the chest, at the first command, and returned to position at the second. 2. By substituting the word backward for forward in the above, we have the command for bending the head backward. This movement should occur slowly, and the head should be dropped back as far as possi- ble. While returning to position, the chin should be drawn in, as the purpose of the movement is to correct the posture of the head and chest. 3. Head to the left (r.) — bend! Upward — stretch ! In this exercise, the head is bent toward either shoulder as commanded. This move- ment not only strengthens the muscles of the neck but stretches them. The head is also rotated and bent backward from the rotated position. —21— 4. Head to the left (r.) — turn! For- ward — turn ! Here the head turns in the direction indi- cated as far as good posture of the shoulders will allow. When the head is bent backward from the rotated position; i. e., with the head turned to the left or right, the command for the turning is immediately followed by the one for backward bending; as, 5. Head to the left (r.) — turn! Head backward — bend ! Upward — stretch ! Head forward — turn ! TRUNK. The movements of the trunk are bending forward, half forward, downward, backward, and to the left and right, also the turning to either side. 1. Trunk forward — bend! Upward — stretch! At the first part of the command, the whole body is bent forward at the hips until the trunk is horizontal; the head is up and the back kept flat. At the second part of the command the body is returned to the upright position. This movement follows immediately after the backward bending because it allows the blood which has been forced into the head —22— and chest to flow into the stretched veins of the legs, thus relieving any congestion or tendency to headache. 2. Trunk half forward — bend! Upward — stretch ! At the first command, the body is bent for- ward as in No. 1, but to only half the dis- tance between the forward and the upright positions of the trunk. At the second com- mand, the body is returned to fundamental position. This movement is really one of the commencing positions, because it is never used by itself, as an exercise. It forms one of the easiest means of correcting round shoulders for, if the chest is well forward and the head erect, a strong contraction of the shoulder blade muscles is felt. 3. Trunk forward downward — bend! Up- ward — stretch ! The downward bending is a continuation of the forward and is executed in the same man- ner. Here the head is lower than the hips but holding the same relation to the trunk as before. Like the first, this movement follows immediately after the backward bending, and for the same reasons. 4. Trunk backward — bend! Upward — stretch ! -23- This is a true bending of the trunk. At the first command the body is arched backward. The head should begin the movement, the chest follow well expanded. Movement below the hips should be entirely avoided as this com- presses rather than expands the chest, through the effort required to keep the bal- ance, thus defeating the purpose of the exer- cise, which is to expand the chest. At the second command the trunk is returned to the upright position. 5. Trunk to the left (r.) — bend! Up- ward — stretch ! In this exercise, as in No. 4, the head should begin the movement and a complete arching of the spine to the side follow, at the first com- mand. Here, also, the bending must take place above the hips. A common fault is raising the foot on the opposite side to that of the bending. At the second command the trunk resumes fundamental position. This exercise, through its effect upon the liver and the large veins of the trunk, is a great help to digestion. 6. Trunk to the left (r.) turn! For- ward — turn ! At the first command the body is turned from the hips, in the direction indicated. The —24— most common fault is to let the opposite shoulder go too far forward. At the second command the body is turned back to the fundamental position. This exercise aside from its effect on digestion, is very important in chest expansion, because of the tendency to draw the ribs apart. 7. Trunk to the left (r.) — Trunk back- ward — bend! Upward — stretch! Trunk for- ward — turn ! This is the command for bending the trunk backward from the rotated position. - All of the trunk movements may be varied by changing the commencing positions of the feet and arms. ARMS. The exercises for the arms are varied and numerous. These movements may be classi- fied as raising, flinging, stretching, thrusting, circling, and rotating. A. The arms may be raised forward, side- ways, sideways left and right, forward up- ward, and sideways upward. 1. Raise arms forward — 1! Position — 2! or. Arms forward — lift! Position! This means that the arms at full extension are raised in front of the body to shoulder —25— level, and the distance between the palms, which must face each other, equal to that be- tween the shoulders. This exercise, is often used as the commencing position for other movements, but may be used as an exercise in combination with a leg movement. 2. Raise arms sideways — 1 ! Position — 2 ! or. Arms sideways — lift! Position! I'his means that the arms at full extension with the palms downward, are raised out from the sides to the level of the shoulders. It is also used as a commencing position. • 3. Raise arms sideways left (r.) — 1 ! Position — 2 ! In this exercise, one arm is at full extention sideways, the other bent to a right angle, with its hand in front of the opposite shoulder. Both hands have the palms down and pointed to the side designated by the command. This movement teaches a position of the arms that is used in exercising with wands. 4. Raise arms forward (sideways) up- ward — 1 ! Position — 2 ! or. Arms forward (sideways) upward — raise! Sideways (for- ward) downward — lower! This command explains itself, but care should be taken that the arms are fully ex- tended throughout the movement, and in the —26— motion sideways upward or downward, that the hands turn gradually, so that when they are overhead, the palms are facing each other and shoulder width apart. B. The arm flinging is a much more vigor- ous movement and has a marked effect in ex- panding the chest. The arms may be flung sideways, upward, and alternately in either of these directions. 1. Arm flinging sideways — 1! 2! This movement takes place from commencing posi- tion No. 3 and 11. When from No. 3, the exercise consists of quickly and forcibly fling- ing the arms to the side. When occurring from No. 11, the effect is stronger because of the longer lever, and the hands are gradually turned so that the palms are down when the position at the side is reached. 2. Alternate arm flinging sideways — 1 ! 2! This movement takes place from com- mencing position No. 3. and is executed so that one arm is returning to this position while the other is leaving it. 3. Arm flinging upward — 1 ! 2 ! At this command, both arms are flung upward as forcibly as possible. The arms should be straight and parallel throughout the move- ment and the hands facing each other when overhead. —27— 4. Alternate arm flinging upward — 1 ! 2! or, Left (r.) arm upward-fling! Change arms — 1 ! 2 ! This exercise, like No. 2 of the arm fling- ings, has one arm going over the head while the other is returning to position. In all of these movements, the object is to stretch the anterior muscles of the chest, and that the chest is in proper position when they take place, is very essential. C. Stretching the arms is also a vigorous movement and takes place from commencing positions No. 2 and 4. The arms may be stretched forward, upward, sideways, back- ward, and downward, or alternately in any of the above directions. 1. Stretch arms forward (upward, side- ways, backward or downward) — 1! 2! At 1, the arms are stretched quickly forward at shoulder level. The arms are parallel and the palms turned toward each other. At 2, the arms are returned to commencing position. By using one of the words enclosed in parenthesis, in the above command instead of forward, we have the command for stretching the arms in any direction. 2. From these commencing positions the arms may also be stretched alternately in any —28- of the above directions. The alternate move ments most commonly used are sideways and upward. Alternate arm stretching sideways (upward) — 1! 2! At 1, the left (r.) arm is stretched to the side palm down and at shoulder level; at 2, the left (r.) returns to the starting point and the right (1.) arm is stretched to the side. The same thing takes place when the arms are stretched alternately upward. 3. Arm stretching may take place from fundamental position at the command, Arm stretching forward (upward, sideways, back- ward, or downward) — 1! 2! At 1 in this exercise, the arms take commencing position No. 2; at 2, the arms are stretched in the direction indicated, complying with the rules for arm stretching when taken from a commencing position. After the second com- mand is executed the command Position! may be taken with two counts or immediately. 4. Stretch the left (r.) arm upward, the right (1.) arm sideways — 1! 2! Change arms — 1! 2! This movement is simply a combination of the arm stretching, and like the above move- ment, may be taken from commencing position No. 2 or the fundamental position. It illus- trates one of the many combinations of arm ■ m —29— stretchings, which are excellent as exercises to awaken a class and make them think. D. Thrusting is the most vigorous of the arm exercises and is taken from commencing position No. 10. Thrust arms forward (upward, sideways, or downw^ard — 1 ! 2 ! At 1, the arms are forcibly extended for- ward, and at 2, as forcibly returned to posi- tion. As the arms go foi^ward, the forearms are turned so that the hands are in prona- tion. This applies to each direction as the forearms turn in each case. This exercise, besides teaching the boys and girls a position used in dumb-bell drills, has a very strong influence toward chest development, as it brings into play all of the upper chest mus- cles as well as those of the arms. E. Arm circling or rotating is taken from commencing position No. 11. For the cir- cling, the command is : Arm circling — 1 ! 2 ! In this movement, the arms describe the sur- face of an imaginary cone with the apex at the shoulder joint. The motion should be up- ward and backward on the first count, down- ward and forward to the starting point, on the second. This exercise is used as a shoulder blade movement, also as an arm movement- to go with the breathing exercises. —30— The arm rotation is also a shoulder blade exercise. After the arms assume commenc- ing position No. 11, the command is: Hands — turn ! Turn — back ! or, Arm rotation — 1 ! 2 ! At 1, the hands are turned backward so that the palms are in supination; at 2, the hands are turned back to the position from which they started. LEG. Leg movements, like those of the arms, are numerous and varied. They may be classified as follows: (a) raising heels; (b) bending knees; (c) raising legs; (d) touchsteps; (e) bending knee — steps; (/) lunges; and (g) the foot placings. A. Heels— lift! Sink! This is the com- mand most commonly used for raising the heels. Often, when in combination with some other movement, the command is: Raise heels — 1 ! 2 ! In either case, the lifting of the heels should be done quickly, and the effort made to get as high on the toes as pos- sible. The body should not sway either for- ward or backward, and the heels are lowered noiselessly, so as to prevent a jarring of the spinal column. B. 1. The knee bending may be done in two ways. The command for bending the —31— knees alone is given as follows: Heels — lift! Knees — bend ! Knees — stretch ! Heels — Sink! The first and the last part of this command are explained above. At the com- mand Knees — bend!, the knees are bent to right angles and are pointing outward in the direction of the toes. The body should be held erect with the chest expanded. At the com- mand Knees — stretch!, the knees are straightened and the weight of the body car- ried on the toes until the command Heels — Sink!, is given. When in combination with an arm exercise, the command is: Raise arms sideways and bend knees — 1 ! 2 ! In this movement, the arms are raised sideways at the same time that the knees are bent, and the heels will rise naturally, so that the weight of the body rests on the toes. In the knee bending, besides bringing the muscles of the legs into active contraction, the effect required to keep the body erect is very strong, and the muscles of the chest and back are brought into play to maintain equilibrium. Balance movements teach control of the mus- cles better than any other class of exercises and are a very important factor in develop- ing self-control. —32— 2. Left (r.) knee upward — bend! Down- ward — stretch! At the first command the left (r.) knee is bent to a right angle and raised upward until the thigh forms a right angle with the body. The left (r.) ankle should be stretched with the toes pointing downward. On the second command, the leg is quietly returned to position. This move- ment may be used as a commencing position for stretching the leg forward or backward, and the command, after the above position is assumed, would be: Knee forward (backward) — stretch! Bend! In either direction, the leg is stretched so that the knee and foot are fully extended. This makes a very strong balance movement as the body is supported by only one leg. C. Leg raising is where the extended leg is raised either forward, sideways, or back- ward the supporting leg being unbent. Here the whole limb should be straight and lifted as high as a good posture of the rest of the body will permit. The command is: Left (r.) leg backward (sideways or forward) — lift! Sink !, or, when in combination with an arm movement, the command would be: Raise arms and left (r.) leg forward (sideways, or backward)—!! 2! D. The touch-steps are movements of either leg forward, sideways or backward, —33— with the points of the toes touching the floor. The command is: Touch-step forward (side- ways or backward) left (r.) — 1! 2! or, when an arm movement occurs with the touch- step, the command is: Raise arms sideways and touch-step forward (sideways or back- ward), left and right — 1, 2, 3, 4! At this command the left (r.) leg fully extended is moved forward, its toes lightly touching the floor; the foot keeping its turned-out position, and the supporting leg unbent. There must be no movement of the body, and in the touch-step backward, the teacher must guard against the tendency to place only the edge of the shoe on the floor. Another very com- mon fault is to bend the knee of the leg that is not moving. E. Bend-knee-steps. This exercise differs from the touch-step only in bending the knee of the leg that is not moved. The step is longer and the whole foot is lightly placed on the floor. In this movement as in the touch- step, the rest of the body is still and erect. Like the touch-step, the directions are for- ward, sideways, and backward. Bend-knee- step forward (sideways or backward) left and right — 1, 2, 3, 4! This command is most commonly used, but when the movement oc- curs in connection with an arm movement, —34— the command is: Raise arms forward and bend-knee-step forw^ard (sideways or back- ward), left and right — 1, 2, 3, 4! F. The lunges, are movements where one foot is in advance of the other a distance of tnree foot-lengths, with the forward knee bent. The backward knee is straight, and both feet are fiat on the floor. The body is bent for- ward in line with the backward leg, unless otherwise ordered. An instance where the body is erect, is when the lunge is used as a commencing position for a breathing exercise. A good way to fix this exercise in the minds of the boys and girls is to tell them to let the body fall in the direction given in the com- mand and just at the last minute put the foot out to prevent falling. The ball of the foot should always touch first, the heel coming down a trifle later. Lunge forward (sideways) left (r.) — 1 ! Position — 2! is the command commonly used. —35— MARCHING Marching in the school-room is necessarily limited, nevertheless, it should form a part of every gymnastic lesson. Not only is it a help in dismission, but it teaches the boys and girls to walk correctly. Children should know how to walk with a quick, light, and elastic step, and marching properly taught will ac- complish all this. That marching is important and should be a part of every lesson, none will question when they think of the old proverb, '*As we stand and walk, so shall we act.*^ Before any marching is done, the class must learn to "mark-time". This may be defined as marching without gaining ground. The feet are alternately raised forward and re- placed immediately, the knees slightly bent and the ankles extended. The object of the marking time is twofold. It gives the class the speed and rhythm with which they are to march, and is the means of starting every pupil at the same time when marching is at- tempted. The command, Mark-time — March!, or In place — March! is used, and to stop the movement, as in all of the marching exercises, the command is, Class — Halt! 1! 2! is often made a part of this command, as it helps the class to stop together. However, it should be understood that the halting always —36— requires two counts, and they should be ob- served whether given or not. After the marking time has been accom- plished, the command Forward — March! is given, and every pupil begins to march with the left foot. The speed should be 116 to 120 steps to the minute. In marching, the chest should be carried well forward and the head erect. The arms should oscillate from the elbows in even rhythm with the legs, the lirubs of the opposite sides moving simultan- eously. As the foot touches the ground, knee and instep should be extended so that the ball of the foot and the heel touch the floor to- gether. If the heel is allowed to strike first, the step loses its elasticity. There are a great many ways to vary the marching and make it more interesting. One very simple method is to give the command, Class — Halt! in the middle of the marching. This keeps the boys and girls attentive and teaches them to stop quickly. Other variations are: 1. Mark-time and clap hands on every other step. 2. Mark-time and clap hands on the 1st. of 4, 6, or 8 steps. 3. Mark-time and clap hands during 4 steps, then 4 steps without clapping. —37— 4. Mark-time and clap hands on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th steps. This re- sembles the drum beat. 5. Mark-time and turn to the left or right on a given count, as the 1st or 4th. As another form of variation, we have the marching from place. In this, we should re- member that no matter what the number of steps taken, it requires one more count to complete the movement. For example: One step forward (sideways or backward) — march! 1! 2! The left foot begins the movement, taking one step in the direction indicated to make the first count, and the right foot placed beside the left for the second. Three steps backward (forward) — inarch! 1, 2, 3, 4! At 1, the left foot moves back- ward; 2, the right follows; 3, the left takes a second step; and 4, the right foot is placed beside the left. There is one exception to this rule and that in the step sideways. When but one step is taken this rule applies, but with more than one step it does not apply. Three steps to the left (r.)— march! 1-2, 3-4, 5-6! This re- quires two counts for each step as the right (1.) foot has to be brought to the left (r.) —38— each time, not being able to pass it as in the movement forward or backward. Running and skipping may be considered a form of marching. They are used especially in the first and second grades. FACING The facings are true introductory move- ments and form one of the best means of awakening a sleepy class. They afford a drill in direction that comes from no other class of movements and are invaluable in developing quickness and response. From the first days of school, pupils need to know the difference between their left and right hands, also, the difference between forward and backward. This they must know in terms re- lating to their own bodies, and not in abstract terms with reference to the different walls of the room. The facings teach them this difference, for in order to execute them prop- erly, they must think. The commands for the facings are: 1. Left (r.)— face! 1, 2! 2. Left (r.) about— face! 1, 2! 3. Half left (r.)— face! 1, 2! —39— Exactly the same movement of the feet takes place in each one of these facings. In the first command, the turn is equal to a quarter of a circle in the direction indicated; in the second, a half circle; and in third, only an eighth of a circle. At 1, the ball of the left (r.) foot and the heel of the right (1.) foot are raised, simultaneously the body is turned on the heel of the left (r.) foot and the ball of the right (1.) foot a quarter turn to the left, and the ball of the left (r.) foot low- ered to the floor. At the second count, the right (1.) foot is brought to the left (r.) and the feet are in fundamental position. In the lower grades, the word turn may be substi- tuted for face in the above commands. In the facings, care should be taken that the chest is well forward and the head erect, also, that the arms do not hang loosely at the sides, but are active and close to the sides. Facings like the marching, form a very neces- sary part of every lesson and are best placed at the beginning. —40— ROUTINE FOR OPENING AND CLOSING LESSON 1. Ventilate. 2. Ready for exercise. Pupils clear desks, remove superfluous cloth- ing, and sit erect. The feet should be flat on the floor; the hands folded on the edge of the desk and the back resting against the back of the seat. 3. Class stand— 1! 2! At 1, the pupils grasp the sides of their desks and slide to the right of the seat, plac- ing the right foot in the aisle. At 2, they stand in the middle of the aisle in correct standing position. When seats can be raised the next command is: 4. Raise seats — 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! At 1, the pupils bend forward and grasp the seats; at 2, the seats are quickly lifted; at 3, the body is returned to position. 5. Hands backward — grasp! Alternats rows (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, etc.) for marching, left about — face! 1, 2! The hands are quickly grasped behind the hips at the first command. At the second, the alternate rows face the back of the room. 6. Mark-time — inarch! To ycur places — inarch ! At the command To your places — march!, the pupils march around the various sections of seats to places previously assigned them. They should be arranged so that the boys are in one aisle, the girls in another, with the smaller pupils in front. As they arrive at the places assigned them, if the seats are up, they step in between the desks. When the seats are stationary, they stand between the desks with their backs to the chairs. In each case, this allows the other pupils to pass by to their respective positions. 7. In aisle — stand! When this command has been carried out, the pupils are standing in the middle of the aisle and are ready for work. When the lesson is over, the commands of No. 5 above are given. Command No. 6 is also repeated, substituting seats for places in the second part. The pupils then march back to their own seats in the same manner as when they took their places for exercise. Command No. 7 is then repeated. 8. Lower seats — 1 ! 2 ! 3 I At 1, the pupils grasp the seats; at 2, they bend forward and push the seats down; at —42— 3, they straighten up and stand erect. 9. Class be seated — 1! 2! At the first count, the pupils step towards their seats and grasp the desks; at the second count, they reseat themselves in their chairs as when the lesson commenced. —43- GRADES I AND II In these grades, the pupils stand beside their own seats, only changing when abso- lutely necessary. Lesson I. 1. Teach correct standing position. 2. Hands for clapping — raise! Clap! Stop! Pos! 3. Hands on hips — place! Head backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 5. Hands on hips — place! Heels — lift! Sink! Pos! 6. Arms upw. — bend! Sidew. str. — breathe in; bend — breathe out! Pos! Note. Refer to correct standing position frequently during these first lessons. Lesson II. 1. Arms forw.^ — lift! Hands — shake! Stop! Pos! —44— 2. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — shake! Stop! Pos! 3. Hands on hips — place! Hands to L — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — Upw. — sir! Pos! 5. Hands on hips — place! Heels — lift Knees — bend! Knees — str! Heels — sink Pos! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson III. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Sidew. — str! Bend! 1, 2! Pos! 2. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew.— 1! 2! Pos! 3. Arms to circle overhead — raise! Head to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 5. Hands backward — grasp! Heels lift! Knees — bend! Knees — str! Heels — sink! Pos! 6. Arms sidew. raise — breathe in; Low- er — breathe out! Lesson IV. 1. Hands on hips — place! Hands for clapping* — raise! Pos! 2. Left arm s'dew. — raise! Hand — shake! Stop! Arms — change! Repeat exercise. Pos! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! Head backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 5. Prepare to jump — 1, 2, 3, 4! Note. At 1, the heels raise; 2, the knees bend; 3, the knees stretch; and 4, the heels are lowered. This is a rapid movement and made very interesting by varying the counts as, 1 2, 3, 4! or, 1, 2 3, 4! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. deep breathing. — 1! 2! Pos! Arms upw. Hands — close! Head backw. — Lesson V. 1. Arms — bend! Pos forw. — bend! Pos! 2. Open Arms ! 1,2! forw. — lift ! ] Pos! 3. bend! Hands Upw. on hips — place! B —str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. hend! Upw. — str! PosI 5. Run lightly around room on toes. 6. Arms sidew. raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson VI. 1. Hands for clapping — raise! Clap! Stop! Pos! 2. Arms sidew. — lift! Rands— close! Open! 1, 2! Pos! 3. Arms to circle overhead — raise! Head to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 4. Skip around room. 5. Hands on hips^ — place! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. deep breathing — 1! 2! Pos! Lesson VH. 1. Hands on hips — place! Feet — close! Feet— Open! 1, 2! Pos! 2. Arms forw. — lift! Pos! Arms sidew. —lift! Pos! —47— 3. Hands on hips — place! Head to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! Heels — lift! Knees — bend! Knees — str! - Heels — sink! Pos! 5. Hands on hips — place! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — st7\f Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms upw. — bend! Sidew. str. palms up — breathe in; bend — breathe out! Pos! Lesson VIII. 1. Hands on hips — place! Head to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 2. Left arm upw. — fig! Change arms — 1, 2! Pos! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! Head backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 5. Skipping. 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson IX. 1. Hands on hips and feet — close! Hands down and feet — open! 1, 2! —48— 2. Arms upw. — hend! Upw. — str! Bend! 1, 2! Pqs! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! Head to L. — hend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 4. Running. 5. Prep, to jump — 1, 2 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — turn! Arms raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson X. 1. Arm raising sidew. and forw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Arms forw. — str! Bend! 1, 2! Pos! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! H. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 4. Rowing in seats. Note. The command Take oars! is given, and the children lift their arms forward as if grasping oars. They are then told to Bend forward! At this command they bend over their desks reaching as far forward as possi- ble. Pull back! is the next command, and they pull back bending their arms, as far as the backs of their chairs will permit. The —49— most common fault is getting out of the seats. 5. Hands on hips — place! T. to left — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 6. Repeat the breathing exercises of last lesson. Lesson XI. 1. Hands on hips — place! Head forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Alternate arm stretching sideways, beginning with L. — 1! 2! R. arm — bend! Pos! 3. Arm flinging upward — 1! 2! 4. Running. 5. Hands on hips — place! Trunk to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. with breathing — 1! 2! Pos! Lesson XII. 1. Raise arms sideways upward and clap hands overhead — 1! 2! 2. Hands backward — grasp! Head to L. turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! -50- 3. Hands on hips — place! T. backw,— 6enc?/ Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Vpw.—Str! Pos! 5. Hands on hips — place! L. knee upw. — bend! Downw. — sir! Same w. R. Pos! 6. Arms sidew. raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson XIII. 1. Arms forw. — fold! Arms back. — fold! Note. Use several times as an exercise stopping with arms behind then — - 2. Head to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 3. Hands on hips — place! T. backw. — bend!. Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 5. Arms backw. — fold! T. to .L. — turn! Forw. — tur7i! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — turn! Arms raise — breathe in; Lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos! —si- Lesson XIV. 1. Left arm upw. — fig! Change arms — 1! 2! Posl 2. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms upw. and raise heels — 1! 2! Pos! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! Head backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! Left knee upw. bend! Change feet — 1! 2! Foot downw. — place! Pos! 5. Arms backw. — fold! T. to L. bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 6. Repeat breathing exercise of last lesson. Lesson XV. 1. Raise arms sidew. upw. and clap hands overhead — 1 ! 2 ! 2. Arms backw. — fold! Arms forw. — fold! Note. Use several times as an exercise. Stop with arms behind then — 3. Head backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Rowing. 5. Arms backw. — fold! T. to L. turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. — Pos! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. breathing — 1! 2! —52— Lesson XVI. 1. Arms upw. — hend! Str. arms upw. and raise heels — 1! 2! Pos! 2. Arms forw. — lift! Arm flinging sidew. — 1! 2! Pos! 3. Arms backw. — fold! T. backw. — hend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. — bend! Upv/. — str! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. and bend knees — 1! 2! 6. Arms sidew. raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson XVII. 1. Hands on hips — place! L. foot sidew. — place! Change feet — 1! 2! Pos! 2. Arms forw, — lift! Arm flinging sidew. — 1! 2! Pos! 3. Arms backw. — fold! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 5. Hands on hips — place! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms sidew. and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! -53- Lesson XVIII. 1. Hands on hips — place! L. foot forw. — place! Change feet — 1! 2! Pos! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Alt. arm stretching upw. L. first — 1! 2! R. arm — bend! Pos! 3. Hands on hips — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. and bend knees — 1 ! 2 ! 6. Arms forw. upw. raise — breathe in; sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! Lesson XIX. 1. Arms forw. — lift! Arm flinging upw. — 1! 2! Pos! 2. Arms forw. — bend! Fling arms sidew. and turn head to L. — 1! 2! Same to R. Pos! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! Head backw. bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Raise arms forw. and bend knees — 1 ! 2! 5. Hands on hips — place! T. to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 6. Repeat the breathing exercise of last lesson. —54— Lesson XX. 1. Raise arms sidew. upw. and clap hands overhead — II 2! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Str. L. arm sidew. and turn head to L. — 1! 2! Same to R. Pos! 3. Hands on hips — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str, Pos! 5. Raise arms forw. and bend knees — 1 ! 2! 6. Arms upw.— bend! Arm stretching sidew. w. breathing — 1! 2! Pos! Lesson XXI. 1. To the L. turn— 1, 2! To the L. turn— 1, 2! To the L. turn— 1, 2! To the L. turn -1, 2! Note. This is the beginning of the facings, and it may be necessary to make a distinct pause between the counts 1, 2. 2. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms sidew. and raise heels — 1! 2! Pos! 3. Arms backw. — fold! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! —55— 4. Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 5. Bend knees and make a circle overhead — 1! 2! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands^ — turn! Arms and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos. Lesson XXIL 1. Repeat the facing and teach marking time. Mark-time — march! Class — halt! 1, 2! 1,2! 2. Arms sidew. lift and feet close — 1! Pos! 2! 1, 2! 3. Arms forw. — bend! Fling arms sidew. and turn head to L. — 1! 2! Same to R. Pos! 4. Rowing. Skipping. 5. Hands on hips — place! T. to L. turn! Forw. — tur7i! Same to R. Pos! 6. Repeat the breathing exercise. Lesson XXIII. 1. Repeat facings. Hands for clapping — raise! Mark-time and clap hands — march! Class— halt! 1, 2! Pos! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Str. L. arm sidew. —56— and turn head to L. — 1! 2! Same with R. Pos! 3. Hands on hips — place! T. backw. — - bend! Upw. str! Pos! 4. Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. bend! Upw. — str. Pos! 5. Hands on hips— place! L. knee upw. — bend! Change feet — 1! 2! Foot downw. — place! Pos! 6. Arms forw. upw. raise — breathe in; sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! Lesson XXIV. 1. Repeat facings. Hands for clapping — raise! Mark-time and clap on every other count — march! Class — halt! 1, 2! Pos! 2. Arm flinging upw. — 1! 2! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! Head to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! L. leg backw. — lift! Change feet— 1! 2! F. downw.— place! Pos! 5. Arms backw. — fold! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str. Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms sidew. upw. raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! —57— Lesson XXV. 1. To the R. turn— 1,2! R. turn— 1, 2! R. turn— 1, 2! R. turn 1, 2! Mark-time and clap hands on the 1st of 4 counts — inarch! Class— halt! 1, 2! 2. Arms forw. — bend! Fling arms sidew. and turn head to L. — 1! 2! Same to R. Pos! 3. Arms backw. — fold! T. backw. — beiid! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 5. Hands on hips — place! L. leg backw. — lift! Change feet— 1! 2! F. downw.— place! Pos! 6. Repeat the breathing exercise. Lesson XXVI. 1. Repeat facings. Hands for clapping — raise! Mark-time and clap 4 counts, then 4 counts without clapping — march! Class — halt! 1, 2! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Alt. arm stretching upw. L. first — 1! 2! R. arm — bend! Pos! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! Bend head forw. and backw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! —58— 4. Skip sidew. around the room. 5. Arms backw. — fold! T. to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms upw. — bend! Sidew. str. palms up — breathe in; hon^— breathe out! Pos! Lesson XXVIL 1. Repeat facings. 2. Arms upw. — ^bend! Str. arms upw. and downw.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 3. Arms backw. — fold! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str ! Pos ! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — - bend! Upw. — str. Pos! 5. Rowing. Skipping, sideways. 6. Repeat last week's. Lesson XXVIII. To the L. turn— 1, 2! To the front turn— 1, 2! Same to R. Hands for clapping — raise! Mark time and clap to drum beat — march! Class — halt! 1,2! Pos! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms upw. and sidew.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! Bend head forw. and backw.— 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! —59— 4. Bend knees and clap hands over head — 1! 2! 5. Hands on hips — place! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str. Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms sidew. and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson XXIX. 1. Repeat facings. 2. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching upw. and forw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 3. Hands on hips — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. — bend! U p w. — s tr! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. and bend knees — 1! 2! 6. Hands on hips — place! T. to L. — turii! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! Note. Hereafter breathing exercises will not appear in each lesson. Use any of those in the first 28 lessons. —go- Lesson XXX. 1. Repeat facings. 2. Raise arms sidew.^ — 1! Upw. — 2! Lower sidew.— 3! Downw.— 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Arms upw. — bend! Alt. arm stretch- ing upw. L. first — 1! 2! R. arm — bend! Pos! 4. Hands backw. — grasp! Head to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 5. Hands on hips— place! L. leg backw.— lift! Change feet— 1! 2! F. downw.— place! Pos! 6. March around room clapping hands to drum-beat ! Lesson XXXI. 1. Left about — turn! 1, 2! Left about — turn! 1, 2! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms upw. and backw.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 3. Raise L. arm sidew. and turn head to L.— 1, 2! Same w. R.— 3, 4! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. backw.— - bend! Upw. — sir! Pos! Same bending T. forw. 5. Bend knees and make a circle overhead ^1! 2! 6. Arms backw. — fold! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str. Same to R. Pos! —61— Lesson XXXII. 1. Repeat facings. 2. Arms upw. — bend! Alt. arm stretch- ing forw. L. first — 1 ! 2 ! R. arm — hend! Pos! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! H. to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. H. backw. — hend! U p w. — s tr! Pos! 4. Rowing. 5. Hands on hips — place! L. knee upw. — bend! Change feet — 1! 2! R. foot downw. — place! Pos! 6. March around room clapping hands for 4 counts and resting 4 counts. Lesson XXXIII. 1. R. about — turn! 1, 2! R. about — turn! 1, 2! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms sidew. and turn head to L. — 1, 2! Some to R. — —3, 4! Pos! 3. Arms backw. — fold! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Raise arms forw. and bend knees — 1! 2! 5. Hands on hips — place! T. to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 6. Skipping. —62— Lesson XXXIV, 1. Repeat facings. 2. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Upw. — 2! Low- er sidew. — 3! Downw. — 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Raise L. arm sidew. and turn head to L.— 1, 2! Same to R.— 3, 4! 4. Arms forw. — bend! Fling arms sidew. and knees — 1! Bend arms and stretch knees —2! 1,2! Pos! 5. Arms backw. — fold! T. to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos. Lesson XXXV. 1. Use any of the facings. 2. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms upw. and raise heels — 1! 2! Pos! 3. Arms forw. — bend! Fling arms sidew. and turn head to L. — 1, 2! Same to R. — 3, 4! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! T. forw. — bend! Upw. str! Pos! 5. Hands on hips — place! L. knee upw. — bend! Knee backw. — str! Bend! Change feet— 1! 2! Same w. R. Pos! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str. Same to R. Pos! —63— Lesson XXXVI. 1. Raise arms forw. — 1! Fling sidew. — 2! Forw.— 3! Pos.— 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Str. L. arm upw. and R. arm sidews. — 1, 2! Change arms — 1, 2! Arms — bend! Pos! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! Head to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Head backw. bend! Upw. — str. Pos! 4. Bend knees and make a circle overhead — 1! 2! 5. Repeat 5 and 6 of last week's lesson. 6. —64— GRADES III AND IV. In the the third and fourth grades we be- gin the changing of seats for exercise. In these grades the different facings should be used as introductions to each lesson. Lesson I. 1. Hands on hips — place! Feet — close! Foot — open! Ij 2! Pos! 2. Arms sidew. — lift! Close and open hands — 1, 2! Pos! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! Head backw.— hend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! Heels — lift! Knees — bend! Knees — str! Heels — sink! Pos! 5. Hands on hips — place! T. to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. w. breathing — 1! 2! Pos! -65- Lesson II. 1. Raise arms forw. — 1 ! Fling arms sidew.— 2! Forw.— 3! Pos!— 4! 1,2,3,4. 2. Arms forw. — bend! Fling L. arm sidew. and turn head to L. — 1, 2! Same to R.— 3, 4! Pos! 3. Hands on hips — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 5. Prep, to jump.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 1, 2 3, 4! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. breathing — 1! 2! Pos! Lesson III. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching upw. and downw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Str. L. arm sidew. and turn head to L. — 1, 2! Same to R. — 3, 4! Pos! 3. Arms backw. — fold! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. and bend knees — 1! 2! 6. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. w. breathing — 1! 2! Pos! —66— Lesson IV. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms upw. and raise heels — 1! 2! Pos! 2. Hands backw. — grasp! Head to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 3. Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 5. Arms backw. — fold! T. to L. — bend! . Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. breathing — 1! 2! Pos! Lesson V. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms sidew. and upw.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Arms forw. — bend! Fling L. arm sidew. and turn head to L. — 1, 2 ! Same w. R. —3, 4! Pos! 3. Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — place! Bend T. backward and downw. touch- ing floor on 3rd. count — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 4. Raise arms sidew. and bend knees — 1! 2! 5. Arms backw. — fold! T. to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arm raising sidew. upw. w. breathing — 1! 2! —67— Lesson VI. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Alt. arm stretching upw. L. first — 1! 2! R. arm — bend!, Pos! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. w. head bending backw. — 1! 2! Pos! 3. Arms backw. fold and L. foot sidew. — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands backw. — grasp! L. knee upw. — bend! Change feet — 1! 2! Foot downw. — place! Pos! 5. Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — place! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands^ — turn! Arms raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson VII. 1. Raise arms forw. — 1! Fling arms lidew.— 2! Forw.— 3! Pos.— 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Arm raising sidew. w. head turning L. and R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Bend arms forw. and T. backw. — 1! Pos. — 2! Bend arms and T. forw. — 3! Pos. —4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Raise arms sidew. and L. leg backw. — 1, 2! Same w. R.— 3, 4! —68— 5. Hands on hips and left foot sidew. — place! T. to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 6. Repeat the breathing exercise of last lesson. Lesson VIII. 1. L. arm upw. — fling! Change arms — 1! 2! Pos! 2. Hands backw. — grasp! Head to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 3. Fold arms backw. — 1! Bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bending forw. on second count. 4. Bend arms forw. and raise heels — 1! Fling arms sidew. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! 5. Arms backw. fold and L. foot sidew. — place! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms forw. upw. raise — breathe in; sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! Lesson IX. 1. Arms upw. — bend! L. arm upw. and R. arm sidew. — str! Change arms — 1! 2! Arms — bend! Pos! —69— 2. Arm raising sidew. w. head bending backw.— 1 ! 2 ! 3. Bend arms forw. and T. backw. — 1! Pos!— 2! Bend arms and T. forw.— 3! Pos. —4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Bend arms upw. and raise heels — 1 ! Str. arms sidew. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Arms backw. fold and L. foot sidew. — place! T. to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to Pw. Pos! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson X. 1. Raise arms sidew. — 1 ! Forw. — 2 ! Fling sidew.— 3! Pos.— 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Hands backw. — grasp! Head bending forw. and backw. — 1^ 2, 3, 4! Pos! 3. Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — place! Bend T. backw. and forw. touching floor on 3rd. count— 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! L. knee upw. — bend! Knee backw. — str! Bend! 1, 2! Same w. R. Foot downw. — place! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. — 1 ! Turn T. to L. and swing R. arm to L. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same to R. 6. Arm raising sidew. upw. w. deep breathing — 1 ! 2 ! —70— Lesson XI. 1. Raise arms forw. — 1! Fling sidew. — 2! Forw.— 3! Pos.— 4! 1,2,3,4! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Alt. arm stretch- ing sidew. w. head turning L. and R. — 1! 2! Head forw. turn and R. arm — bend! Pos! 3. Bend arms forw. — 1 ! Bend T. backw.— 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same, but bend forw. on the second count. 4. Arms sidew. and heels raise — 1! Arm upw. and knees bend — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! 1,2,3,4! 5. Hands on hips — 1! Bend T. to L. and curve R. arm overhead — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4 ! Same bending T. to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4 ! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson XII. 1. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Upw. — 2! Lower sidew.— 3! Pos.— 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. head bending backw. — 1! 2! Pos! 3. Fold arms backw. — 1! Bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bending forw. on second count. 4. Hands on hips — place! L. knee upw. — bend! Knee backw. — str! Bend! 1, 2! —71— Change feet — 1! 2! Same w. R. Foot downw. — place! Post 5. Bend T. to L. and R. and raise arms to circle over head — 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Arm circling w. breathing — 1 ! 2 ! Pos ! Lesson XIII. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching upw. and forw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Raise arms sidew. — 1 ! Make circle over head and bend head backw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Place hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. backw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot, then bend forw. Note. The backward bending should be done with each foot before the forward bend- ing is taken. 4. Bend arnls upw. and raise heels — 1 ! Str. arms sidew. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Raise arms and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Turn T. to L. and swing R. arm to L. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R. 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. —72— Lesson XIV. 1. L. arm upw. — fig! Change arms — 112! Pos! 2. Raise arms f orw. — 1 ! Fling L. arm sidew. and turn head to L. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Raise arms sidew. — 1 ! Bend arms forw. and T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bending T. forw. 4. Hands backw. — grasp! L. foot forw. — place! L. knee — bend! Sir! 1, 2! Change feet— 1! 2! Same w. R. Pos! 5. Place hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. to L. and curve R. arm over head — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bending R. 6. Arms sidew. and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson XV. . 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm scretch"ng sidew. and forw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Arm raising sidew. w. head bending backw.— 1 ! 2 ! 3. Raise arms and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend arms forw. and T. backw. — 2! Ret. to —73— pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R. foot. Same bending T. forw. 4. Hands on hips and L. foot forw. — place! Raise arms forw. — 1! Fling arms sidew. and bend L. knee — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Change feet — 1! 2! Repeat exercise bending R. knee.— 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 5. Place hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. to L. and make circle overhead — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R. Pos! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson XVI. 1. Raise arms forw. — 1! Fling upw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Hands backw. — grasp! Head to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Head backw. bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Bend arms forw. — 1! Fling arms sidew. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3 ! 4 ! Same bending forw. 4. Hands on hips — place! Feet sidew. place— 1! 2! L. knee— 6e7id/ Str! 1, 2! Same w. R. Feet together place — 1! 2! Pos! 5. Turn T. to L. and raise arms forw. — 1! Pos.— 2! Same to R.— 3! 4! 6. Arms sidew,— lift! Hands — turn! —74— Arms and heels raise — breathe in; lower- breathe out! Lesson XVII. 1. Arms upward — bend! L. arm upw. R. arm forw. — str! Change arms — 1! 2! Arms — bend! Pos! 2. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Make circle over head and bend head backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. —3! 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Bend arms forw. and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Fling arms sidew. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R. foot sidew. Same bending forw. 4. Hands on hips — place! Feet sidew. place — 1 ! 2 ! Bend arms upw. — 1 ! Str. arms sidew. and bend L. knee — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bending R. knee. 5. Place hands on hips and L. foot forw. — 1! Bend T. to* L. and curve R. arm over head— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot forw. 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson XVIII. 1. Raise arms forw.— 1! Fling upw. — 2! Lower sidew.— 3! Pos.— 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! —75— 2. Raise arms sidew. and turn head to L. 1! Pos. — 2! Same turning head to R. — 3! Pos.— 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Bend arms forw. and T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot forw. Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Raise arms and place L. foot forw. — 1! Fling arms sidew. and bend L. knee — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R. foot forw. 5. Raise arms to circle overhead — 1 ! Bend T. to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R. 6. Arms forw. upw. and heels raise — breathe in; lower sidew. — breathe out! Lesson XIX. 1. Heads on shoulders — place! Str. arms sidew. and upw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Bend arms and place L. foot forw. — 1 ! Fling arms sidew. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R. foot forw. Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Bend arms upw. and raise heels — 1 1 Str. arms upw. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 1,2,3,4! —76— 4. Arms sidew. — lift! T. half forw. — hend! Hands — turn! Turn back! 1, 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Turn T. to L. and swing R. arm to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot forw.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson XX. 1. Arms upw. — hend! L. arm forw. R. arm sidew. — str! Change arms — 1! 2! Arms — hend! Pos! 2. Bend arms upw. — 1! Str. arms sidew. and bend T. backw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same but bend T. forw.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Bend arms and place L. foot forw. — 1! Fling arms sidew. and bend L. knee — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms sidew. — lift! T. half forw. — hend! Arm circling — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Hands behind neck — place! T. to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms sidew. upw. and heels raise — hreathe in; lower — hreathe out! -77- Lesson XXI. 1. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms forw. and upw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Bend arms upw. and place L. foot sidew. — 1 ! Str. arms sidew. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Repeat w. R. foot sidew. Same bending forw. 3. Raise arms and place L. foot forw. — 1! Fling arms upw. and bend L. knee — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R. foot. 4. Arms forw. — hend! T. half forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Hands behind neck — place! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 6. Repeat last week^s breathing exercise. Lesson XXII. 1. Arm flinging upw. — 1! 2! 2. Hands on shoulders — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Bend arms upw. and raise heels — 1 ! Str. arms forw. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos. —3! 4! 4. Arms upw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! —78— 5. Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — place! Turn T. to L. and raise arms forw. — 1! Turn T. forw. place hands on hips — 2! Same to R.— 3! 4! Pos! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. foot placing forw. and deep breath- ing— 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! Lesson XXIII. 1. Arm swimming — 1, 2 3! Pos! Note. At 1, the arms are bent forward with the fingers touching; at 2, the arms are extended forw. with the backs of the hands facing each other; at 3, the arms are flung to the side. The second and third count are blended together so that the movement will imitate the arm motion of swimming. 2. Place hands on shoulders — 1! Bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bend- ing forw. but place hands on hips. — 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Bend arms and L. knee upw. — 1! Str. arms sidew. and leg backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. —3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms forw. and touch-step forw., L. foot first — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 5. Place hands behind neck — 1! Bend T. —79— to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R. -1,2, 3,4! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson XXIV. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Sir. arms upw. and raise heels — 1! 2! Pos! 2. Hands on hips — place! Str. L. arm upw. — 1, 2! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Change arms — 1! 2! Repeat backw. bending Pos! Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Hands backw. — grasp! Bend-knee-step forw. L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms sidew. and touch-step sidew. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 5. Place hands behind neck — 1! Turn T. to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — turn! Arms and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson XXV. 1. Arms upw. — bend! L. arm forw. R. arm sidew. — str! Change arms — 1! 2! Arms — bend! Pos! —80— 2. Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — - place! Str. R. arm upw. — 1, 2! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Change arms and feet — 1! 2! Repeat backw. bending. Use same forw. flexion as last week. 3. Raise arms forw. and bend-knee-step torw.— 1! Pos.— 2! Same R.— 3! Pos.— 4! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. half forw. — bend! Arm swimming — 1, 2 3! Hands oxi hips — place! T. upw. str! Pos! 5. Bend arms upw. — 1! Str. arms sidew. and bend T. to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4!- Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms forw. bend and feet — close! T. to L. — turn! Arm flinging sidew. w. breath- ing — 1! 2! T. forw. — turn! Repeat, turning T. to R. Pos! Lesson XXVI. 1. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Upw. — 2! Low- er sidew.— 3! Pos!— 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Upw. and bend T. backw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Hands on hips — 1 ! Bend forw. and touch toes— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 3. Bend arms upw. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Str. arms upw. and bend L. knee — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! —81— 4. Arms sidew. — lift! T. half forw. — bend! Arm circling — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Raise arms to circle overhead — 1! Bend T. to L.— 2! Ret. to pos!— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson XXVII. 1. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms upw. and touch-step backw. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Raise arms forw. — 1! Upw. and bend T. backw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Use forw. flexion of last lesson. 3. Hands on hips — place! Bend-knee- step sidew. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Arms upw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Alt. arm stretching upw. L. first — 1! 2! R. arm — bend! Pos! 5. Arms upw. — bend! Turn T. to L. and R. and str. arms forw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Arm circling w. breathing — 1! 2! Pos! —82— Lesson XXVIII. 1. Raise arms sidew. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4 ! 2. Hands on hips and L. foot forw. — place! Str. R. arm upw. — 1 2! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Change arms and feet — 1! 2! Repeat backw. bending. Pos! Bend T. forw. and touch toes — 1! Pos. 2! 3. Bend arms to thrust and raise heels- 1! Thrust forw. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! 4. Arms upw. — bend! T. half forw.- hend! L. arm sidew. R. arm upw. — str! Change arms — 1! 2! Arms — bend! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Bend arms forw. — 1! Fling arms sidew. and bend T. to L. — 2! Ret. to pos.- 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — tu'rn! Arms and heels raise — breathe in; lower- breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson XXIX. 1. Raise arms sidew. left — 1! Upw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same raising arms sidew. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Raise arms sidew. — 1 ! Place hands on hips and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bending forw.— 1, 2, 3, 41 -83- 3. Bend arms upw. — 1 ! Str. arms sidew. and bend-knee-step sidew. L. — 2! Ret. to pos. —3! 4! Same R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms upw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Alt. arm stretching sidew. palms up — 1! 2! R. arm — bend! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Place hands behind neck and L. foot sidew.— 1 ! Bend T. to L.— 2 ! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Feet — close! T. to L. — turn! Arms sidew. raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! T. forw. — turn! Repeat to R. side. Feet — open! Lesson XXX. 1. Bend arms to thrust — 1 ! Thrust forw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 2. Place hands on shoulders — 1 ! Bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Arms backw. — fold! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Raise arms sidew. L. and R. and bend- knee-step sidew. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! 4. Raise arms and place L. foot forw. — 1! JBend L. knee and fling arms upw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Place hands behind neck and L. foot sidew.— 1! Turn T. to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! —84— 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. foot placing forw. and deep breathing — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! Lesson XXXI. 1. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Upw. and clap hands overhead — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! 2. Raise arms forw. — 1! Upw. and bend T. backw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Arms backw. fold and L. foot sidew. — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pes! 3. Raise arms sidew. and bend-knee-step sidew. L. — 1 ! Raise arms upw. bring feet to- gether — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same to the R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms forw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. head turning L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! T. upw,— str! Pos! 5. Bend T. to L. and R. and raise arms to circle over head — 1 2, 3 4! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Arm circling w. breathing — 1! 2! Pos! Lesson XXXII. 1. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms sidew. and upw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! —85— 2. Hands on hips and L. foot forw. — place! Str. R. arm upw. — 1 2! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Change arms and feet — 1! 2! Repeat exercise. Pos! Bend T. forw. and touch toes — 1! Pos. — 2! 3. Bend arms to thrust and raise heels — 1! Thrust upw. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! 4. Raise arms and place L. foot sidew. — 1 ! Bend L. knee and raise arms upw. — 2 ! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Place hands behind neck and L. foot f orw.— 1 ! Benci T. to L.— 2 ! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Feet — close! T. to L. — turn! Arms forw. upw. raise — breathe in; sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! T. forw. — turn! Repeat to R. side. Feet — open! Lesson XXXIII. 1. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms forw. and sidew. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Place hands on shoulders — 1! Bend T. backw. and str. arms sidew. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Bend T. downw. and touch toes — 1! Pos.— 2 ! 3. Bend arms and raise L. knee upw. — 1! Str. arms and L. knee forw. — 2! Ret. to pos. —86— —3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms upw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Str. arm.s upw. — 1, 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Turn T. to L. and swing R. arm to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R, -1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms forw. upw. and heels raise— breathe in; lower sidew. downw. — breathe out! Lesson XXXIV. 1. Raise arms sidew. L. — 1! Upw. — 2! Lower sidew. R. — 3! Pos. — 4! 2. Bend arms to thrust — 1! Thrust upw. and bend T. backw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 1,2, 3, 4! 3. Same bending forw. and thrusting downw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms forw. and raise L. and R. leg forw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 5. Place hands behind neck and L. foot forw.— 1! Turn T. to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — turn! Arms and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos J —87— Lesson XXXV. 1. Raise arms forw. upw. — 1! Pos! — 2! Raise arms sidew. upw. — 3! Pos. — 4! 2. Place hands on shoulders and L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. backw. and sir. arms upw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bend- ing forw. and touching floor. 3. Raise arms sidew. L. and bend-knee- step sidew. L. — 1 ! Raise arms upw. and bring feet together — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms sidew. — lift! T. half forw. — bend! Arm circling — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Bend arms to thrust — 1! Turn T. to L. and thrust arms forw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. upw. and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson XXXVL 1. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms sidew. and upw.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Arms to thrust — bend! Bend T. backw. and forw. and thrust upw. and downw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! —88— 3. Place hands on shoulders— 1! Str arms upw. and bend knees_2! Ket. to pos.— 3! 4! 4. Arms sidew. —lift! T. half forw.— bend! Rands—turn! Avms— lift! Sink! II 2! Ua^nds— turn! T. upw.— str! Pos! 5. Arms to thrust— 6e^c^/ Thrust arms sidew. and bend T. to L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4T Pos! / * . ^- Feet— cZose/ T. to L.—tum! Arms sidew. upw. raise— breathe in; lower— breathe out! T. iorw.-turn! Repeat to R. Feet — open! GRADES V. AND VI. Besides the facings and changing seats, in these grades, we have the different march steps added as introductory movements. Lesson I. 1. Hands on hips — place! Foot placing forw. beginning w. L. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Arm raising sidew. with head bending backw.— 1! 2! 3. Hands on hips — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Bend arms forw. and raise heels — 1! Fling arms sidew. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 5. Hands on hips — place! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. breathing — 1! 2! Pos! Lesson II. 1. Raise arms forw. and touch-step forw. L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! 2. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Bend T. backw. —90— and arms forw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 41 Same bending forw. — 1^ 2, 3, 4! 3. Fling arms upw. and raise heels — 1! Pos. — 2! Raise arms sidew. and bend knees — 3! Pos.— 4! 1,2,3,4! 4. Arms sidew. — lift! T. half forw. — hend! Hands— fwn.^ Turn back! 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. — 1 ! Bend T. to L. and make circle overhead — 2! Ret. to>. pos. — 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — turn! Arms raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn ! Pos ! Lesson III. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. w. foot placing forw. L. and R. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 2. Raise arms and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend arms forw. and T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bending forw. 3. Fling arms upw. and raise L. and R. leg backw.— 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 4. Raise arms sidew. upw. w. bend-knee- step sidew. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! 5. Hands behind neck — place! T, to L. — turn! Forw. — turn. Same to R. Pos! -91- 6. Arms forw. upw. raise — breathe in; sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! Lesson IV. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching upw. w. foot placing forw. L. and R. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 2. Bend arms forw. — 1! Fling arms sidew. and bend T. back.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Raise arms sidew. L. and R. and bend- knee-step sidew. L. and R. — 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms sidew. — lift! T. half forw. — bend! Arm circling — 1! 2! T. Upw. — str! Pos! 5. Hands on hips — place! Bend T. to L. and raise R. arm to circle overhead — 1! Pos! —2! Same to R.— 3! 4! Pos! 6. Arms sidew. upw. raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson V. 1. Raise arms sidew. L. and R. and touch- step sidew. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! 2. Bend arms and place L. foot forw. — 1! -92- Fling arms sidew. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot. Bend T. forw. and touch toes — 1! Pos! 2! 3. Arms upw. — hend! Arm stretching sidew. w. bend-knee-step sidew. L. and R. — 1,2,3,4! Pos! 4. Arms /orw. — hend! T. half forw. — hend! Arm flinging sidew. — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Turn T. to L. and swing R. arm to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R. - 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Arm circling w. breathing— 1 ! 2 ! Pos ! Lesson VI. 1. Arms forw. — hend! Arm flinging sidew. w. head bending backw. — 1! 2! Pos! 2. Bend arms upw. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Str. arms sidew. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Fold arms backw. — 1! Bend T. forw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Arm raising sidew. w. Alt. knee bend- ing upw. beginning w. L.- — 1 2, 3 4! 4. Arms upw. — hend! Str. arms upw. and bend-knee-step forw. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! —93— 5. Hands on shoulders and L. foot sidew. — place! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — turn! Arms and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson VII. 1. Arm raising sidew. w. foot placing forw. L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! 2. Hands on hips — place! Str. L. arm upw. — 1 2! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Change arms — 1! 2! Repeat backw. bend- ing. Place hands on hips — 1 ! Bend T. forw. and touch toes — 2 ! Ret. to pos. — 3 ! 4 ! 3. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms upw. and raise L. and R. leg backw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Arms upw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. and backw. — 1 2, 3 4! T. \x^v7,—str! Pos! 5. Place hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. to L. and make circle overhead —2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R. 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. —94— Lesson VIII. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. and upw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Repeat forw. bending of last week. 3. Raise arms sidew. L. and bend-knee- step sidew. L. — 1! Raise arms upw. and bring feet together — 2! Ret. to pos. — :3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. half forw.— bend! Arm swimming — 1, 2 3! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Place hands behind neck and L. foot forw.— 1! Turn T. to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms forw. upw. and heels raise — breathe in; lower sidew. downw. — breathe out! Lesson IX. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. w. head turning L. and R. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 2. Hands on hips and L. foot forw. — place! Str. R. arm upw. — 1 2! T, backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Change arms and feet — 1! 2! Repeat backw. bending Pos! Bend —95— arms upw. — 1! Str. forw. and bend T. downw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4! 3. Arms upw. — hend! Str. arms forw. and bend L. and R. knee upw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Raise arms forw. — 1 ! Fling upw. and raise L. leg backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Place hands on hips and L. foot forw. — 1 ! Bend T. to L. and make circle overhead — 2— Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson X. 1. Arms upw. — hend! Alt. arm stretch- ing upw. beginning w. L. — 1 ! 2 ! R. arm — hend! Pos! 2. Bend arms upw.— 1 ! Str. arms upw. and bend T. backw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same bending forw. and stretching arms, downw. — 1 2, 3, 4! 3. Bend arms upw. and touch-step forw. L. — 1! Str. arms sidew. and raise L. leg backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same rais- ing R. leg— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms forw. — bend! T. half forw. — hend! Arm flinging sidew. w. head turning L. and R.^1 2 3 4! T. Upw.— str .^ Pos! 5. Bend arms upw. — 1! Turn T. to L. —96— and str. arms forw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4!- Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. upw. and heels raise breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson XI. 1. Arm raising sidew. w. head bending backw.— 1 ! 2 ! 2. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Place hands on shoulders and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Fold arms backw. and place L. foot sidew.— 1! Bend T. forw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! 3. Bend arms upw. and touch-step forw. L. — 1! Str. arms sidew. and bend L. knee upw. —2 ! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! Sam^e w. R . knee —1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Raise arms and place L. foot forw. — 1! Bend L. knee and fling arms sidew. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Bend T. to L. and make circle over- head— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R. -1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. —97— Lesson XII. 1. Str. L. arm upw. and R. arm sidew. — 1! 2! Change arms— 1! 2! Pos! 2. Place hands on shoulders and L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. backw. and str. arms sidew. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bend- ing forw., but str. arms downw. and touch toes— 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Arms upw. — hend! Str. arms forw. and touch-step forw. L. — 1 2! Str. arms upw. and touch-step backw. \,. — 3 4! Same R. — 12,3 4! Pos! 4. Bend arms upw. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Str. arms upw. and bend L. knee — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same R. 5. Place hands on shoulders and L. foot forw.— 1! Turn T. to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms forw. — hend! Arm flinging sidew. w. foot placing forw. and deep breath- ing— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! Lesson XIII. 1. Arms forw. — hend! Arm flinging sidew. w. foot placing forw. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Bend arms upw. and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. backw. and str. arms upw. — 2! —98— Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bending forw., but stretch arms downw. 3. Raise arms sidew. and raise heels^ — 1! Raise arms upw. and bend knees^ — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! 4. Arms upw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Alt. arm stretching upw. beginning w. L. — 1! 2! R. arm — bend! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Place hands be- hind neck and bend T. to L. — 2! Ret. to pos. —3! 4! Same bending R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson XIV. 1. Raise arms forw. and touch-step forw. L. — 1! Fling arms upw. and touch-step backw. L. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Hands on hips and L. foot forw. — place! Str. R. arm upw. — 1, 2! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Change arms and feet — l! 2! Repeat backw. bending. Place hands on shoulders — 1! Bend T. forw. and touch toes— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 3. Raise arms forw. and bend-knee-step forw. L. — 1! Fling arms sidew. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! —99— 4. Arms sidew.— lift! T. half forw.— bend! — Arm circling — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Place hands on shoulders — 1! Turn T. to L. and str. arms forw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — turn! Arms and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson XV. 1. Arm raising sidew. w. head turning L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! 2. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Place hands on shoulders and bend T. backw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Raise arms forw. and bend-knee-step forw. L. — 1! Fling arms upw. and bring feet together— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Raise arms forw. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Fling arms upw. and bend L. knee —2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same bending R. knee— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Bend T. to L. —100— and place hands on shoulders — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! ' 6. Arms forw. bend and feet — close! T. to L. — turn! Arm flinging sidew. w. deep breathing — 1! 2! T. forw. — turn! Same to R. Pos! Lesson XVI. 1. Hands on shoulders — place! Arm stretching sidew. and upw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Arms sidew. — lift! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Bend arms and L. knee upw. — 1! Str. arms sidew. and L. knee backw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. knee— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms upw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! AH. arm stretching upw. — 1! 2! R. arm — bend! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Upw. and bend T. to L. 2 ! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! Same to R. -1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson XVIL 1. Raise arms sidew. w. bend-knee-step sidew. L. — 1 ! Pos. — 2 ! Raise arms sidew. —101— upw. and raise heels — 3! Pos. — 4! Same w. bend-knee-step R. — 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Hands on hips — place! Raise heels — 1 2! Bend T. backw.— 3 4! Same but bend T. forw.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 3. Place hands on shoulders and raise heels — 1! Str. arms upw. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 4. Raise arms and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Raise arms upw. and bend L. knee — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R. foot. — 1, 2, 3,4! 5. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Turn T. to L. and place hands behind neck — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Arm circling w. breathing— 1! 2! Pos! Lesson XVIII. 1. Raise arms sidew. L. and touch-step sidew. L. — 1! Raise arms upw. and bring feet together — ^^2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R. foot— 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Hands on shoulders — place! Raise heels— 1 2! Bend T. backw.— 3 4! Pos! Place hands on hips — 1! Bend T. forw. and touch toes— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! —102— 3. Hands on hips — place! Left foot forw. — lunge! Change feet — 1! 2! Pos! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. half forw. — hend! Str. L. arm upw. R. arm sidew. — 1 2! Change arms — 1! 2! Hands on hips — place! T. upw. — str, Pos! 5. Bend T. to L. and make circle overhead —1! Pos. 2! Same to R.— 3! 4! 6. Arms forw. upw. and heels raise— breathe in; sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! Lesson XIX. 1. Str. L. arm sidew. and R. arm forw. — 1! 2! Change arms— 1 ! 2! Pos! 2. Place hands on shoulders — 1! Str. arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bending forw. but stretching arms downw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Raise arms sidew. and touch-step backw. L. — 1! Raise arms upw. and bend L. knee upw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Bend arms forw. — 1! Lunge forw. L. and fling arms sidew. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Bend arms upw. — 1! Str. arms sidew. and bend T. to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! —103— 6. Arms sidew. lift and feet — close! T. to L. — turn! Hands — turn! Arms raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out; T. forw. — turn! Same to R. Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson XX. 1. Raise arms and L. leg forw. — 1! Pos. —2! Same w. R.— 3! 4! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms forw. and touch-step forw. L. — 1 2! Str. arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 3 4! Same w. R. foot. Then, repeat exercise bending forw. and stretching arms downw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 3. Hands behind neck — place! Raise L. and R. leg backw.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Bend arms upw. — 1! Str. arms sidew. and lunge forw.— 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Raise arms and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Upw. and bend T. to the L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson XXI. 1. Arm swimming — 1, 2 3! Pos! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms forw. _104— and bend knees — 1 2; Str. arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 3 4! Same bending forw. but stretching arms downw. — 1 2, 3 4! 3. Raise arms and L. leg forw. — 1 ! Pos. — 2! Fling arms upw. and touch-step backw.— 3! Pos.— 4! Same w. R. leg— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. half forw. — bend! Str. L. arm upw. R. arm sidew. — 1 2! Change arms — 1! 2! Hands on hips — place! Pos! 5. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms upw. and raise heels — 1 2! Str. arms sidew. and bend T. to L.— 3 4! Same to R.— 1 2, 3 4! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. foot placing forw. and deep breath- ing— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! Lesson XXII. 1. Arm stretching upw. w. foot placing forw. L. and R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Arms sidew. lift and L. foot forw. — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw.- — str! Change feet w. arm raising — 1! 2! Repeat backw. bending. Pos! Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms upw. and raise heels — 1 2! Str. arms forw. —105— and bend knees— 3 4! 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Raise arms forw. and touch-step forw. L. — 1! Fling arms upw. and lunge forw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Raise arms upw. and bend T. to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1,2,3,4! 6. Feet — close! T. to L. — turn! Arms forw. upw. raise — breathe in; sidew. downw. lower— breathe out! T. forw. — turn! Same to R. Feet — open! Lesson XXIII. 1. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms forw. and touch-step forw. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms forw. and raise heels — 1 2; thrust arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 3 4! Same but bend T. forw. and thrust arms downw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 3. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms upw. and raise L. and R. leg backw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Bend arms to thrust and place L. foot forw. — 1! Thrust arms upw. and bend L. knee— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! —106— 5. Arm to thrust — bend! Thrust arms upw. and raise heels — 1 2; turn T. to L. and thrust forw.— 3 4! Same to R.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 6. Arms forw. upw. and heels raise — breathe in; sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! bend T. forw. and thrust] arms downw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! Lesson XXIV. 1. Hands backw. — grasp! Head to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Head backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 2. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms forw. and bend knees — 1 2; thrust arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 3 4! Same but i 3. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms sidew. and bend L. and R. knee upw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Str. arms upw.— 1 2! T. half forw.— bend! Arm stretching upw. — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Hands on hips — place! Thrust R. arm to circle overhead and bend T. to L. — 1 2; Same to R.— 3 4! Pos! 6. Arms sidew. lift and feet — close! T. to L. — turn! Hands — turn! Arms raise — -107— breathe in; lower — breathe out! T. forw.- tiirn! Same to R. Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson XXV. 1. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms upw. and touch-step backw. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Bend arms to thrust and L. foot sidew. place! Thrust arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 1 2; thrust downw. and bend T. forw. — 3 4! Pos! 3. Bend arms to thrust and L. knee upw. — 1! Thrust arms upw. and stretch L. leg backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1 2, 3 4! 4. Str. L. arm upw. R. arm backw. and lunge forw. L. — 1 2! Change arms and feet — 1! 2! Pos! 5. Hands on shoulders — placel Turn T. t-^ L. and str. arms upw. — 1 ! 2 ! Same to R. —3! 4! Pos! 6. Arms sidew. upw. and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson XXVL 1. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms —108— forw. and bend-knee-step forw. L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Arms to thrust — hend! Thrust arms forw. and bend knees — 1 2; thrust arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 3 4! Same but bend T. forw. and thrust arms downw. — -1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 3. Raise arms sidew. and touch-step forw. L. — 1! Raise arms upw. and L. leg backw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. leg— 1,2,3,4! 4. Hand on hips — place! T. half forw. — hend! Arm swimming — 1, 2 3! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms sidew. and bend T. to L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 6. Feet — close! T. to L. — turn! Arms sidew. upw. raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! T. forw. — turn! Repeat exer- cise to R. Feet — open! Lesson XXVII. 1. Arm stretching sidew. w. foot placing forw. L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! 2. Hand behind neck — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! Place hands on —109— hips — 1! Bend T. forw. and touch toes — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 3. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms forw. and /bend-knee-step forw. L. — 1 2; thrust arms upw. and bend L. knee upw. — 3 4! Same w. R.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms upw. and lunge forw. L. — 1 2; Same R. — 3 4! Pos! 5. Hands on hips and L. foot forw. — place! Thrust R. arm to circle overhead and bend T. to L.— 1 2! Change feet— 1! 2! Same bending R. Pos! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson XXVIII. 1. Arm stretching sidew. and upw. — 1 2, 3 4! 2. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Place hands be- hind neck and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Repeat forw. bending of last les- son. 3. Bend arms to thrust and raise heels — 1! Thrust arms upw. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 4. Arms upw.^ — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Arm stretching upw. — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! —110— 5. Arms upw. — bend! T. to L. — turn! Arm stretching forw. — 1! 2! T. to R. — turn! Repeat arm stretching. T. forw. — turn! Pos! 6. Arms sidew. lift and feet — close! T. to L. — turn! Arm circling w. breathing — 1! 2! T. to R. — turn! Repeat breathing. T. forw. — turn! Pos! Lesson XXIX. 1. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms upw. and touch-step backw. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Bend arms upw. and place L. foot forw. — 1 ! Str. arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms upw. and raise heels — 1 2; thrust arms sidew. and bend-knee-step sidew. L. — 3 4! Same R. —1 2, 3 4! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. half forw. — bend! Str. L. arm upw. R. arm sidew. — 1! 2! change arms^ — 1! 2! Hands on hips — place! T upw. — str! Pos! 5. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms upw. and raise heels — 1 2; turn T. to L. and thrust arms forw. — 3 4! Same to R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. — Ill— Lesson XXX. 1 . Arm stretching forw., sidew., and upw., — 1 2, 3 4, 5 6 ! 2. Hands on shoulders and L. foot forw. — place! Str. arms forw. and raise heels — 1 2; str. arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 3 4! Pos! Repeat exercise w. R. foot forw. Place hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — 1 ! Bend T. forw. and touch floor — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! 3. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms upw. and bend-knee-step backw. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Raise arms upw. and bend L. knee— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. -1,2,3,4! 5. Bend arms forw. — 1 ! Bend T. to L. and fling arms sidew. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. With T. turning to L. arms forw. upw. raise — breathe in; sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! Same to R. Lesson XXXI. 1. Hands on shoulders and L. foot forw. — place! Str. arms upw. and bend L. knee — 1! 2! Change feet— 1! 2! Same w. R. foot. Pos! -112— 2. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Bend T. backw. and make circle overhead. — 2! Ret. to pos. — l 3! 4! Raise arms sidew. — 1! Bend T. and arms forw. 2! Ret. to pps. — 3! 4! 3. Hands behind neck and L. foot forw. — place! Heels — lift! Knees — bend! Knees — str! Heels — sink! Change feet — 11 2! Re- peat w. R. foot forw. Pos! 4. Fling arms upw. and lunge forw. L.— 1 ! Pos. — 2! Same lunging forw. R.-^3! Pos.— 4! 5. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms upw. and raise heels — 1 2; str. arms sidew.. and bend T. to L.— 3 4! Same to R.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! f ; 6. Repeat last week's breathing exercise. Lesson XXXII. 1. Arms to thrust — hend! Thrust arms upw. and touch-step sidew. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Raise arms to circle overhead and bend T. backw. — 1 2; Same bending forw. — 3 4! 3. Arms to thrust — hend! Thrust arms forw. and touch-step forw. L. — 1 2; thrust arms upw. and lunge forw. L. — 3 4! Same R. Pos! 4. Arms to thrust — hend! Thrust L. arm —113— upw. R. arm backw. and lunge forw. L. — 1 2; Same R.— 3 4! Pos! 5. Hands behind neck and L. foot forw. — place! T. to R. — turn! Forw. — turn! Change feet — 1! 2! Same turning L. Pos! 6. With T. turning L. and R. arms sidew. upw. raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson XXXIII. 1. Raise arms sidew. L. and touch-step sidew. L, — 1 ! Raise arms upw. and bring heels together — 2! Lower sidew. R. — 3! Pos. 4! Same starting R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Raise arms and place L. foot sidew. — 1 ! Make circle overhead and bend T. backw. — 2 ! Ret. to pos. — 3 ! 4 ! Same bending forw. -1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms upw. and raise L. and R. leg forw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Hands on shoulders — place! T. half forw. — bend! arm stretching upw. — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Str. arms upw. — 1 2! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! T. to R — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 6. Repeat last week^s breathing exercise. —114— Lesson XXXIV. 1. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms forw. and bend-knee-step forw. L. — 1 2; str. arms upw. and lunge forw. L. — 3 4! Same R.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 1 2; str. arms downw. and bend T. forw. — 3 4! Pos! 3. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms sidew. and lunge forw. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Raise arms and place L. foot forw. — 1! Fling arms upw. and lunge forw. L,- — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Bend T. to L. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same bending R.— 1,2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. lift and feet — close! T. to L. — turn! Arm circling w. breathing — 1! 2! T. to R. — turn! Repeat breathing T. forw. — turn! Pos! Lesson XXXV. 1. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms sidew. w. bend-knee-step sidew. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Hands on shoulders and L. foot sidew. — place! Str. arms upw. and bend T. backw. —115— 1 2; str. arms upw. and bend T. forw. — 3 4! Pos! 3. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms upw. and raise heels — 1 2; str. arms forw. and bend knees — 3 4! Pos! 4. Fling arms upw. and raise heels — 1 2; Fling arms upw. and lunge forw. L. — 3 4! 5. Hands on shoulders and L. foot sidew. — place! Str. arms upw. and bend T. to L. and R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 6. Repeat last week^s breathing exercise. Lesson XXXVI. 1. Raise arms sidew. upw. and bend knees — 1! 2! 2. Raise arms forw. upw. and bend T. backw. — 1, 2; raise arms forw. upw. and bend T. forw.— 3 4! 3. Raise arms forw. and bend-knee-step forw. L. — 1 2! Fling arms upw. and lunge forw. L.— 3 4! Same R.— 1 2, 3 4! 4. Raise arms sidew. upw. and bend-knee- step backw. L. — 1 2; fling arms upw. and lunge forw. R. — 3 4! Same starting w. R. foot.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Raise arms sidew. upw. and bend T. to L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! 6. Arm raising sidew. w. knee bending and deep breathing — 1! 2! —116— GRADES VII AND VIII. In these grades the facings and march steps are combined as: Left about face and one step forw. — march! 1 2, 3 4! The about face is executed on the first two counts and the step forward on the last two. There are a great many of these combinations and they are added to the changing of seats as intro- ductions. Lesson I. 1. Hands on hips — place! Foot placing forw. w. heel raising beginning w. L. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. and upw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 3. Hands on hips — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Bend arms upw. and raise heels — 1! Str. arms sidew. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! 5. Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — place! T. to L. — turn! T. forw. — turn! T. to R. — turn! T. forw. — turn! Pos! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — turn! arms raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos! —1 it- Lesson II. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. w. foot placing forw. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Arm raising sidew. w. head bending backw.— 1 ! 2 ! 3. Arms forw. — bend! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Raise arms sidew. and raise heels — 1! Raise arms upw. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Place hands on hips and feet — close! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! T. to R. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 6. Arms forw. upw. raise — breathe in; sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! Lesson III. 1. Arm raising sidew. w. foot placing forw. beginning w. L. — 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. head bending backw. — 1! 2! Pos! 3. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend arms forw. and T. backw. —2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same bending T. forw.— 1, 2, a, 4! -118- 4. Bend arms upw. and raise heels — 1! Str. arms forw. and bend knees— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! 5. Bend arms upw. and feet — close! Turn T. to L. and R. and str. arms forw. — 1 2, 3 4 ! Pos! 6 Arms sidew. upw. raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! ';! Lesson IV. 1. Arm raising sidew. w. foot placing sidew. and heel raising beginning w. L. foot — 1 2, 3 4! 2. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. and upw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 3. Bend arms forw. and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Fling arms sidew. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 4. Hands on hips and L. foot forw. — place! Heels — lift! Knees — bend! Knees — str! Heels — sink! Change feet — 1! 2! Re- peat exercise. Pos! 5. Place hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. to L. and make circle over- head with R. arm — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! —119— 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Arm circling w. breathing— 1! 2! Pos! Lesson V. 1. Arms forw. — hend! Arm flinging sidew. w. foot placing forw. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Arms sidew. — lift! T. backw. — hend! Upw. — str! Pos! Repeat forw. bending of last week. 3. Fling arms upw. and raise L. and R. leg backw.— 1 2, 3 4! 4. Arms sidew. — lift! T. half forw. — bend! Arm rotation — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. to L. and make circle overhead — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — tur7i! Arms and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson VI. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. w. foot placing forw. and heel raising, —120— beginning w. L. foot — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Arms si dew. lift and L. foot forw.— place! T. backw. — bend! Upw — sir! With arm raising, change feet — 1! 2! Repeat backw. bending. Pos! Place hands on hips — 1! Bend T. forw. and touch toes — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 3. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. w. bend-knee-step sidew. L. and R. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 4. Arms forw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Hands behind neck — place! T. to L. — turn! Forw. — turn! T. to R. — turn! Forw.— turn! Pos! 6. Arms forw. upw. and heels raise — breathe in, sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! Lesson VII. 1. Arm raising sidew. w. foot placing forw. and heel raising, beginning w. L. foot — 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Bend arms upw. and place L. foot forw. — 1 ! Str. arms sidew. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Repeat forw. bending of last lesson. -121- 3. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms upw. and raise L. and R. leg backw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Raise arm.s and place L. foot forw. — 1! Bend L. knee and fling arms sidew. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Place hand on hips and L. foot forw. — 1 ! Bend T. to L. and make circle overhead — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. upw. and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson VIII. 1. Str. L. arm upw. R. arm sidew. — 1! 2! Change arms — 1! 2! Pos! 2 Place hands on shoulders and L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. —3! 4! Arms hsickw.— fold! T. forw.— bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Arms sidew. and heels raise — 1! Arms upw. and knees bend — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms upw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Alt. arm stretching upw. — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Hands behind neck and L. foot, sidew. — place! T. to L. — turn! T. forw. — turn! —122— Change feet— 1! 2! T. to R.—turn! T. f orw. — turn ! Pos ! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands^ — turn! Arms and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos! i Lesson IX. 1. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging' sidew. w. foot placing sidew. and heel raising beginning w. L. foot — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 3. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Place hands on shoulders and bend T. backw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot forw. Repeat forw. bend- ing of last lesson. 3. Bend arms and L. knee upw. — 1! Str. arms sidew. and L. knee backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Raise arms and place L. foot forw. — 1! Fling arms upw. and bend L. knee — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Raise arms and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Place hands behind neck and bend T. to L. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms forw. upw. and heels raise — breathe in; sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! —123— Lesson X. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching upw. w. foot placing forw. and heel raising — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 2. Place hands on shoulders — 1! Str. arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bending forw. but stretch- ing arms downw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Raise arms sidew. and touch-step forw. — 1! Raise arms upw. and bend L. knee upw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R. -1,2, 3,4! 4. Bend arms forw. — 1! Lunge forw. L. and fling arms sidew. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Place hands behind neck and turn T. to L.— 2! Retr to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. upw. and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson XL 1. Str. L. arm sidew. and R. arm forw. — 1! 2! Change arms— 1! 2! Pos! 2. Hands on hips and L. foot forw. — place! Str. R. arm upw. — 1 2! T. backw. — -124- bend! Upw. — str! With arm stretching upw. change feet — 1! 2! Repeat backw. bending w. R. foot forw. Pos! Hands on hips — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Hands behind neck— place! L. leg backw. — lift! Change feet — 1! 21 Pos! . 4. Bend arms upw. — 1! Str. arms sidew. and lunge — forw. L. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Raise arms upw. and bend T. to L. —2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. foot placing forw. and deep breath- ing— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! Lesson XII. 1. Arm stretching forw. and upw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Raise arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 2 ! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! Arms backw. — fold! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms —125— upw. and raise heels — 1 2! Str. arms forw. and bend knees — 3 4! Pos! 4. Raise arms forw. and touch-step forw. L. — 1! Fling arms upw. and lunge forw. L. —2 ! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! Same^ R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Place hands on shoulders and turn T. to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms forw. bend and feet — close! T. to L. — turn! Arm flinging sidew. w. deep breathing — 1! 2! T. forw. — turn! Repeat breathing on R. side. Pos! Lesson XIII. 1. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. foot placing forw. and heel-raising — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 2. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms forw. and raise heels — 1 2; thrust arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 3 4! Same bending forw. but thrusting downw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 3. Bend arms and L. knee upw.— 1! Str. arms sidew. and L. knee backw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Hands on hips — place! T. half forw. — bend! Str. L. arm upw. R. arm sidew. — 1! —126— 2! Change arms — 1! 2! Hands on hips — place! T. upw. — str! Post 5. Hands on hips and L. foot forw. — place! btr. arm upw. — 1 2! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! With arm stretching change feet — 1! 2! Repeat bending to R. Pos! 6. Arm sidew. — lift! Arm circling w. breathing — 1! 2! Pos! Lesson XIV. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching forw. upw. and sidew. — 1 2, 3 4, 5 6! Pos! 2. Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — place! Str. R. arm upw. — 1 2! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! With arm stretching upw. change feet — 1! 2! Repeat backw. bending w. R. foot forw. Pos! Place hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. forw. and touch floor — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! 3. Arms to thrust-^bend! Thrust arms upw. and raise L. and R. leg backw. — 1 2, 3 4 ! Pos! 4. Bend arms to thrust and place L. foot forw. — 1 ! Thrust arms upw. and bend L. knee— 2 ! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same R.— 1, 2,3,4! —127— 5. Hands on shoulders — place! Turn T. to L. and str. arms upw. — 1 2; same to R. — 3 4! Pos! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — turn! Arms and heels raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson XV. 1. Arm raising sidew. w. foot placing baekw. beginning w. L. — 1 2, 3 4! 2. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms forw. and bend knees — 1 2; thrust arms upw. and bend T. backw — 3 4! Same, bending forw. and thrusting downw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 3. Bend arms to thrust and L. knee upw. — 1! Thrust arms upw. and str. L. leg backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Str. arms upw. — 1 2! T. half forw. — bend! Arm stretching upw. — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Bend arms and place L. foot forw. — 1! Fling arms sidew. and bend T. to L. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. lift and feet — close! T. to L. — turn! Hands — turn! Arms lift — breathe in; sink — breathe out! T. forw. — turn! Repeat to R. Hands — turn! Pos! —128— Lesson XVI. 1. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms forw. and touch-step forw. L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Arms to thrust and L. foot sidew. — place! Thrust arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 1 2; thrust arms downw. and bend T. forw. —3 4! Pos! 3. Place hands on shoulders and bend L. knee upw. — 1! Str. arms upw. and leg forw. —2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Str. L. arm upw. R. arm backw. and lunge forw. L. — 1 ! 2 ! Change arms and feet— 1! 2! Pos! 5. Hands on shoulders and L. foot forw. — place! T. to L. — turn! T. forw. — turn! Str. arms upw. and change feet — 1! 2! T. to R. — turn! Forw. — turn! Pos! 6. Arms forw. upw. and heels raise — breathe in; lower sidew. downw. — breathe out! Lesson XVII. 1. Arm flinging upw. w. foot placing forw. L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! 2. Hands behind neck and L. foot forw. — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw.— sfr. —129— Change feet — 1! 2! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! Place hands on hips — 1! Bend T. forw. and touch toes — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! 3. Bend arms to thrust and raise heels — 1! Thrust arms upw. and bend knees — 21 Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 4. Arms upw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Arm stretching upw. — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Hands on hips and L. foot forw. — place! Thrust R. arm to circle over head and bend T. to L.— 1! 2! Change feet— 1! 2! Same bending T. to R.— 1 2! Pos! 6. Arms sidew. lift and feet — close! T. to L. — tu7m! Arm circling w. breathing — 1! 2! T. to R. — turn! Repeat breathing T. forw. — turn ! Pos ! Lesson XVIII. 1. Raise arms and L. leg forw. — 1! Fling arms upw. and touch-step backw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1 2, 3 4! 2. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Bend T. backw. and place hands behind neck — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same bending forw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Raise arms forw. and raise heels — 1 ! Fling arms upw. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! I —130- 4. Arms to thrust— bend! Thrust L. arm upw. R. arm backw. and lunge forw. L. and I R.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! ^ 5. Str. arms upw. — 1 2! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! Same to R. Pos! 6. With T. turning L. and R., arms sidew. upw. raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson XIX. 1. Hands on shoulders — place! Str. arms upw. and touch-step backw. L. and R. — 1 2, 8 4! Pos! 2. Arms upw. — bend! T. backw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! Arms backw. fold and L. foot forw. — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Change feet — 1! 2! Repeat forw. bending. Pos! 3. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms upw. and raise L. and R. leg forw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos. 4. Raise arms and place L. foot forw. — 1! Fling arms upw. and lunge forw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms upw. and raise heels — 1 2; turn T. to L. and thrust arms forw. — 3 4! Same to R.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! —131— 6. Arms forw. bend and L. foot sidew. — place! Arm flinging sidew. with T. turning L. and R. and deep breathing — 1! 2! 3! 4! Pos! Lesson XX. 1. Hands on shoulders — place! Arm stretching upw. w. foot placing forw. L. and R. and heel raising — 1, 2, 3, 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 2. Str. arms upw. — 1 2! T. baekw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Place hands on shoulders and raise heels — 1! Str. arms upw. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! 4. Fling arms upw. and raise heels — 1 2! Fling arms upw. and lunge forw. L. — 3 4! Same lunging R.— 1 2, 3 4! 5. Hands on shoulders and L. foot sidew. — place! Str. arms upw. and bend T. to L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 6. Arm raising sidew. w. knee bending and deep breathing — 1! 2! —132— Lesson XXI. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching forw. upw. sidew. and downw. — 1 2, 3 4, 5 6, 7 8! Pos! 2. Raise arms forw. upw. and bend T. backw. — 1 2; same bending forw. — ^3 4! 3. Hands on shoulders and L. knee upw. — bend! Arm stretching upw. w. leg stretch- ing backw. — 1! 2! With arm stretching upw. change feet — 1! 2! Repeat exercise w. R. leg.— 1 2! Pos! 4. Raise arms sidew. upw. and bend-knee- step backw. — L. — 1 2; fling arms upw. and lunge forw. R. — 3 4! Same reversed — 1 2, 3 4! 5. Place L. foot sidew. and bend arms forw. — 1! Fling arms sidew. and bend T. to L.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R. -1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. foot placing forw. L. and R., and deep breathing^l 2, 3 4! Pos! Lesson XXII. 1. Raise arms and L. leg forw. — 1! Fling arms sidew. and touch-step side. L. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Arms upw. bend and L. foot sidew. — • —133— place! T. backw. — bend! Arm stretching sidew. — 1! 2! T. upw. — sir! Pos! Raise arms sidew. — 1! Bend arms and T. forw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3, 4! 3. Hands behind neck — place! Leg rais- ing backw. L. and R.— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Raise arms forw. and bend-knee-step forw. L. — 1! Fling arms upw. and touch- step backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3, 4! Same R. —12 3 4! 5. Raise arms sidew. — 1! Bend T. to L. —21 Ret. to pos.— 3, 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4 ! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! HRnds— turn! With T. turning L. and R. arms raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson XXIII. 1. Hands behind neck — place! Foot plac- ing forw. w. heel-raising beginning w. L. — 1, 2, 3, 4! 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 2. Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — place! Str. R. arm upw. — 1 2! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str. Change arms and feet — 1 2! Repeat backw. bending. Pos! Place hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. forw. and touch floor — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3, 4! —134— 3. Raise arms and L. leg forw. — 1! Fling j arms upw. and touch-step backw. — 2! Ret. i; to pos.— 3, 4! Same w. R.— 1 2, 3 4! 4. Str. arms upw. — 1 2! T. half forw. — bend! Arm flinging upw. — 1 2! T. upw. — ; str! Pos! 5. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Turn T. to L. and place hands be- 1 hind neck — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same to I R.-l, 2, 3, 4! I 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — turn! ' Arm raising w. knee bending and deep breathing — 1! 2! Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson XXIV. 1. Arm raising sidew. w. foot placing forw. and heel raising — 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Bend arms to thrust and place L. foot * sidew. — 1! Thrust arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same but thrust arms downw. and bend T. forw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! 3. Raise arms forw. and bend-knee-step forw. L. — 1! Fling arms upw. and touch- step backw. — 2 ! Ret. to pos. — 3 ! 4 ! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Bend arms to thrust — 1! Thrust arms upw. and bend-knee-step backw. L. — 2 ! ^ Ret. —135— to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Bend arms to thrust — 1! Thrust arms sidew. and bend T. to L. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms upw. bend and L. foot sidew. — place! T. to h.^turn! Arm stretching sidew. palms up, w. deep breathing — 1! 2! T. forw. — turn! Repeat exercise to R. Pos! Lesson XXV. 1. Hands on shoulders — place! Arm stretching sidew. w. foot placing forw. and heel-raising — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 2. Str. arms upw. and place L. foot forw. —12! T. hsiQkw,— bend! Upw.— sfr.' With arm stretching change feet — 1 2! Repeat backw. bending. Pos! Arms backw. fold and L. foot sidew. — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Bend arms to thrust — 1 ! Thrust arms forw. and bend-knee-step forw. L. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms sidew. — lift! T. half forw. — bend! Hands — turn! Arm raising — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Hands — turn! Pos! 5. Hands on shoulders and L. foot forw. — place! T. to L. — turn! Arm stretching upw. — 1 2! T. forw. — turn! With arm stretching —136— upw. change feet — 1 2! Repeat arm stretch- ing to R. Pos! 6. Arms forw. upw. and heels raise — breathe in; sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! Lesson XXVI. 1. Bend arms to thrust — 1! Thrust forw. and touch-step forw. L. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Bend arms upw. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Str. arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot forw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Hands behind neck — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Bend arms upw. and touch-step forw. L. — 1! Str. arms upw. and raise L. leg backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R. -1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms upw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Slow arm stretching sidew. palms up —1! 2! T. upw.— s^r.^ Pos! 5. Hands on hi^ps— place! Bend T. to L. and raise R. arm to semi-circle overhead — 1! Bend T. to R. and raise L. arm to semi-circle over head — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same starting R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. —137— w. foot — placing forw. L. and R. and deep breathing— 1 2, 3 4! Pos! Note. — At 2nd count in 5th exercise both arms are overhead, as the one first raised re- mains in that pos. Lesson XXVII. 1. Bend arms upw. — 1 ! Str. arms upw. and raise heels — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! 2. Hands behind neck and L. foot sidew. — place! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! Arms backw. fold and L. foot sidew. — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Bend arms upw. and touch-step forw. L. — 1! Str. arms forw. and raise L. leg forw. —2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot -1,2,3, 4! 4. Bend arms to thrust and touch-step forw. L. — 1! Thrust arms upw. and lunge forw. L. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Raise arms and place L. foot sidew. — 1 ! Raise arms upw. and turn T. to L. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arm raising sidew. w. knee — bending and deep breathing — 1! 2! —138— Lesson XXVIII. 1. Bend arms upw. and raise heels— 1! Str. arms sidew. and bend knees — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! 2. Place hands on hips and L. foot backw. • — 1 ! Raise arms sidew. and bend T. backw. —2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— foot backw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Place hands on hips — 1! Bend T. forw. and touch toes — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! 3. Arms sidew. lift and L. foot forw. — place! Heels — lift! Knees — bend! Knees — str! Heels — sink! With arm raising change feet — 1, 2! Repeat exercise w. R. foot forw. Pos! 4. Str. L. arm upw. R. arm sidew. w. palm up — 1 2! T. half forw. — bend! Arm raising —1! 2! T upw.— s^r.' Pos! 5. Place hands on shoulders and L. foot sidew. — 1 ! Bend T. to L. and stretch arms upw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same to R. — 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. lift and L. foot sidew. — place! T. to L. — turn! Hands — turn! Arms raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! T. forw. — turn! Repeat to R. side. Hands — turn! Pos! —139— Lesson XXIX. 1. Arms upw. — bend! Arm stretching forw. upw. sidew. and downw. — 1 2! 3 4! 5 6! 7 8! Pos! 2. Hands on hips and L. foot forw. — place! Str, R. arm upw. — 1 2! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — Str! With arm stretching upw. change feet. — 1 2! Repeat backw. bend- ing. Pos! Hands behind neck — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Raise arms sidew. and bend L. knee upw. — 1! Raise arms upw. and stretch L. leg backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Bend arms to thrust — 1! Thrust L. arm upw. R. arm backw. and lunge forw. L. —2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Arms upw. bend and L. foot forw. — place! Str. arms upw. and turn T. to L. — 1 2! With arm stretching upw. change feet — 1 2! Repeat exercise w. R. foot forw. Pos! 6. With T. turning L. and R., arms sidew. upw. raise — breathe in; lower — breathe out! Lesson XXX. 1. Raise arms sidew. and place L. foot forw. — 1 ! Raise arms upw. and raise heels — —140— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot forw.— 1 2 3 4! 2. Hands behind neck and L. foot sidew. — place! Bend T. backw. and forw. — 1 2! 3 4! Pos! 3. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms upw. and lunge forw. L. — 1! Lower arms forw., straighten L. knee and bend R. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same lunging forw. R. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 4. Arms sidew. — lift! T. half forw.— bend! Arm c'.rcling — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Pos! 5. Fling arms upw. and raise heels — 1! Bend T. to L. and lower heels — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — turn! Arm raising w. knee bending and deep breathing — 1! 2! Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson XXXI. 1. Raise arms forw. and place L. foot sidew. — 1! Raise arms upw. and raise heels 2 ! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! Same w. R.— 1 2 3 4! 2. Hands on shoulders and L. foot sidew. — place! Bend T. backw. and forw. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 3. Arms upw. — bend! Str. arms upw. and —141— bend-knee-step forw. L. and R. — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Arms sidew. — lift! T. half forw. — bend! Hands — turn! Arm raising — 1 2! T. upw. — str! Hands — turn! Pos! 5. Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — place! Str. R. arm upw. — 1 2! T. to L. — turn! T. to L. — bend! Upw. — str! T. forw. — turri! With arm stretching, change feet — 12! T. to R.—turn! Repeat bending. T. forw. — turii ! Pos ! 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew., half a step forw. beginning w. L. and deep breathing — 1 2, 3 4! Pos! Lesson XXXII. 1. Raise arms and L. leg forw. — 1 2! Fling arms upw. and touch-step backw. L. — 3 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Hands on hips and L. foot forw. — place! Str. R. arm upw.— 1 2! T. to L.— turn! T. backw. — bend! Upw. — str! T. forw. — turn! With arm stretching upw. change feet — 1 2! T. to R. — turn! Repeat backw. bending. T. forw. — turn! Pos! Fold arms backw. and place L. foot sidew. — 1 ! Bend T. forw.— 2 ! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! 3. Raise arms forw. and bend L. knee upw. —142— — 1! Fling arms upw. and str. L. knee backw. — 2! Return to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Hands on shoulders — "place! T. half forw,— bend! Slow arm stretching upw. — 1! 2! T. upw.— str/ Pos! 5. Arms upw. — bend! T. to L. — turn! Arm stretching forw. and upw. — 1 2, 3 4! T. forw. — turn! T. to R. — turn! Repeat arm stretching. T. forw. — turn! Pos I 6. Arm raising sidew. upw. with knee bending and deep breathing — 1! 2! Lesson XXXIII. 1. Arm stretching upw. w. foot placing forw. and heel raising — 1 2, 3 4! 2. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms forw. and bend knees — 1 2; thrust arms upw. and bend T. backw. — 3 4! Pos! Same thrusting downw. and bending downw. — 1,2, 3,4! 3. Arms to thrust — bend! Thrust arms forw. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Fig. arms upw. and bend L. knee — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R. 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 4. Hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — place! T. half forw. — bend! Arm swimming —1, 2 3! T. upw.— sir.' Pos! -143- 5. Hands behind neck and L. foot sidew. — place! T. to L. — turn! T. to L. — bend! Upw. str! T. forw. — turn! T. to R. — turn! Re- peat bending. T. forw. — turn! Pos! 6. Arms sidew. — lift! Hands — turn! Arm raising w. T. turning L. and R. and deep breathing — 1 2, 3 4! Hands — turn! Pos! Lesson. XXXIV. 1. Hands on shoulders — place! Arm stretching sidew. w. foot placing forw. and heel raising— 1 2, 3 4! 1 2, 3 4! Pos! 2. Bend arms upw. and place L. foot forw. — 1! Str. arms upw. and hend T. backw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. foot forw. — 1, 2, 3, 4! Hands behind neck — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Bend arms to thrust — 1 ! Thrust arms forw. and bend-knee-step forw. L. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms upw. — bend! T. half forw. — bend! Slow arm stretching sidew. palms up —1! 2! T. upw.— sir.' Pos! 5. Hands on shoulders and L. foot forw. — place! T. to L. — turn! Arm stretching upw. — 1 2! T. forw. — turn! With arm stretching upw. change feet — 1 2! Repeat arm stretching to R. Pos! —144— 6. Arms forw. — bend! Arm flinging sidew. w. foot placing forw. L. and R. and deep breathing — 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! Lesson XXXV. 1. Bend arms to thrust — 1! Thrust arms forw. and touch-step forw. L. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Str. arms upw. and place L. foot forw. —12! T. hsickw.— bend! Upw— str! With arm stretching change feet — 1 2! Repeat backw. bending. Pos! Arms backw. fold and L. foot sidew. — place! T. forw. — bend! Upw. — str! Pos! 3. Bend arms upw. and touch-step forw. L. — 1! Str. arms upw. and raise L. leg backw. — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same w. R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Arms sidew. — lift! T. half forw.—- - bend! Hands — turn! Arm raising — 1! 2! T. upw. — str! Hands — tur^! Pos! 5. Hands on hips — place! Bend T. to L. and raise R. arm to semi-c'rcle overhead — 1! Bend T. to R. and raise L. arm to semi-circle overhead — 2! Ret. to pos. — 3! 4! Same starting R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! Pos! 6. Arms forw. upw. and heels raise — breathe in; sidew. downw. lower — breathe out! —145— Lesson XXXVI. i. Arm flinging upw. w. foot placing forw. and heel raising — 1, 2, 3, 4! 2. Hands behind neck and L. foot sidew. — place! T. to L. — turn! T. backw, — bend! Upw. — sir! T. forw. — turn! T. to R. — turn! Repeat backw. bending. T. forw. — turn! Pos! Place hands on hips and L. foot sidew. — 1! Bend T. forw. and touch floor — 2 ! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4 ! 3. Raise arms sidew. and bend L. knee upw. — 1! Raise arms upw. and stretch L. leg backw.— 2! Ret. to pos.— 3! 4! Same w. R. -1, 2, 3, 4! 4. Bend arms to thrust — 1! Thrust L. arm upw. R. arm backw. and lunge forw. L. — 2! Ret. to pos.— 3 ! 4! Same to R.— 1, 2, 3, 4! 5. Arms upw. bend and L. foot forw. — place! Str. arms upw. and turn T. to L. — 1 2! With arm stretching upw. change feet — 1 2! Repeat exercise w. R. foot forw. Pos! 6. Arm raising sidew. upw. w. knee bend- ing and deep breathing — 1! 2! —146— GAMES FOR THE SCHOOL ROOM BEAN-BAG A bean-bag is placed on the first of each row of desks. At a signal the bag is handed back to the next pupil, who in turn hands it back. When the bag has reached the last pupil in the row, it is returned to the front seat in the same manner. The row returning the bag first is the winner. The above game may also be played by hav- ing pupils face the side of the room and pass the bags sideways. i Another way is to have pupils face the front and pass the bags overhead, using both hands. 4. This third game is also played by having the last pupil in the row run to the front of the room vdth the bag instead of passing it. After placing the bag on the front desk he runs back to his seat and the row whose run- ner gets to his seat first, wins. I —147— 5. Place as many bags on each front desk as there are desks in the row. The first child in each section stands. At the signal to begin, they place one bag on each desk, taking only one at a time. The first one through is the winner. The second pupil of each row stands. At a signal, each begins to collect the bags, going to the last desk first and bringing that bag to the front desk. The third pupil dis- tributes them, and so on. This game is played also by having the first child of each row carry all the bags, one at a time to the last desk. The second pupil brings them all to the front desk, and the third does as the first did, until each one in the row has had his turn! RUNNING AND JUMPING 1. Each row is given the name of a bird. As the name of each bird is called, the row repre- senting that bird runs quietly around the room imitating the birds flying, and returning -148- to their places. This continues until each row has had a turn. CIRCLE RELAY RACE The last pupil of each alternate row runs to the front of the room in lihe right hand aisle, returning to his seat in the left hand aisle. As soon as the runner reaches his seat, he touches the one in front of him on the shoulder. This is a signal for that pupil to run. This continues, each runner doing as the first did, until the pupil in the front seat is reached. When this pupil returns to his seat he raises his hand. The row finish- ing first is the winner. 3. At a command from the teacher the first pupil of each row leaves his seat on the right side and returns to it on the left. At the second command, the second pupil in each row does the same; and so on. The object is to see which one can return to his seat first. Each row across the room must wait for the teacher's command else there will be confusion in the aisles. —149— 4. The above game may be varied by having each pupil make a complete circuit of the seats in his row, returning to his seat by the same aisle in which he started. 5. All the seats are turned down, including the front one. At a signal, the last pupil runs to the front seat, the first one to be seated being the winner. At another signal, all move back one seat. The pupil then occupying the last seat runs to the front. This continues until all have had a turn and are back in their own seats. 6. Here, again, all the seats are turned down. As many rows of seats are filled as possible. The alternate rows stand; the front, or any seat in these rows, is raised; thus there is one more child in each section than there are seats. At a signal the lines walk or run around their sections, continuing to do so until signaled to stop, when each pupil sits quickly in any seat that is turned down. Some one in each row is left without a seat. These pass to the front of the room and the remaining rows continue the game, one additional seat being —ISO- raised. At the end of the game the losers may play alone to find the least alert. The game may be ended also when about the same number are standing as are seated, and by having those seated pass to the back of the room. A pupil from each side takes a place in the front of the room. They stand so that the right foot of one touches the right foot of the other, and grasping each other's right hand. At a signal each pulls, trying to dis- lodge the other. The successful one takes the, looser to his side and two more contest. This^ continues until one side has a greater number than the other. Have pupils face the side of the room and have each place a hand on the desk at either | side of him. At a sigi^al all jump over their seats alighting in the opposite aisle on the balls of their feet. At another signal they face about and the game continues. MISCELLANEOUS "Stoop" In this game the pupils follow commands,! not what the teacher does. At the command 1 —151— *'stoop'*, the children bend their knees; at the command ^^ Stand", they straighten them. If the teacher does the opposite movement to the one commanded and any imitate her move- ment they are out of the game. Failure to obey the commands in any way puts a pupil out of the game. "Simon Says" These two words a,re placed^ before the com- mand for an exercise when the teacher expects the class to take the movement, catching them by giving a command without these two words. This affords a good game for reviewing posi- tions and exercises and makes the pupils think. When a pupil is caught he takes his seat, be- ing out of the game. Follow My Leader This game may be played by the whole room, or by one row at a time. The class marches around the room imitating a wide awake pupil who has been chosen leader. He may take arm movements, hop, clap, sing or do any- thing that is likely to catch the inattentive people. Failure to imitate the movements puts a pupil out of the game. —152— GAMES FOR THE PLAYGROUND BLACK MAN The "Black Man'' stands in the middle of the yard, facing the others, who are arranged in a line on one side of the school yard. When the centre player calls, "Who is afraid of the blackman?'' the others answer, "Not I!" and run across to the opposite side of the yard. The centre player tries to catch as many of the others as possible. All who are tagged must assist in tagging the others, until all are caught. The last one caught starts the next game. CAT AND MOUSE Arrange players in a circle with hands grasped. Two players are chosen; one the cat, the other the mouse. The cat tries to catch the mouse. The players forming the circle protect the mouse by letting it in and out of the circle and keeping the cat away by means of the grasped hands. When the cat is too slow for the mouse, the players raise their hands and the cat may run in and out until the mouse is caught. Breaking the ring must not be permitted. When^the mouse is caught two more players are chosen. —153— STATUES The leader stands at one side of the play- ground, on a line marking the goal on that side, with his back toward the other players who are at the opposite goal. While the leader is counting ten the other players try to get as near the goal as possible. As soon as the leader has counted ten he turns around quickly and sends any player who is moving, back to the starting point. This continues until one player has succeeded in crossing the line. This player then becomes the leader. THREE DEEP Form a circle, facing inward; alternate players step in front of those standing to their right, facing the same way. A runner and catcher are chosen; the former runs around the outside of the circle and steps in front of two players; this makes a group three deep . The last one of these must then become the runner. The catcher must try to catch the runner on the rear one of the three, where- upon he becomes runner and the other catcher. The success of the game depends upon the frequent changing of places. No runner should pass more than half way around —154— the circle before stepping in front of some one. Running through the circle is not allowed. CHASE BALL A circle is formed with the pupils facing in- ward. A "chaser" is stationed outside the circle. A basket ball is passed back and forth, from one player to the other, pursued by the "chaser" who tries to tag the one holding the ball at that instant. If he succeeds in tagging one of the players, that player changes places with the one who tagged him and becomes the chaser. DODGE BALL Draw a large circle, placing a half of the players inside, the other half outside. The outside players throw a basket ball at those in the circle trying to hit them. The centre players run and dodge when they see the ball coming. If a centre player is hit, he is out of the game. The game continues until all are put out; then the sides change places. Those in the centre must not handle the ball. The object is to see how quickly one side can put the other out. —155- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN GRADE LESSONS A. — arm H.— head T.— trunk F.— foot L.— left R.— right W.— with St. — standing Fund. — fundamental Pos. — position Forw. — forward Upw. — upward Sidew. — sideways Backw. — backward Downw. — downward Fig. — fling or flinging Str. — stretch Alt. — alternate chg. — change prep. — prepare ret. to pos. — return to position kn. — knee «AY 15 19H ;t.v^j>ip^i One copy del to Cat, Div 'j/'Y i^ \9\\