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BUREAU OF MINES 
 INFORMATION CIRCULAR/1988 
 
 Characterization of the 1986 
 Stone Mining Workforce 
 
 By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 
CiLfr M^< ■ ^^ 4 rf * J *") 
 
 Information Circular 9202 
 
 Characterization of the 1986 
 Stone Mining Workforce 
 
 By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 Donald Paul Hodel, Secretary 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 T S Ary, Director 
 

 
 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: 
 
 Butani, Shail J. 
 
 Characterization of the 1986 stone mining workforce. 
 
 (Bureau of Mines information circular; 9202) 
 
 Bibliography: p. 7. 
 
 Supt. of Docs, no.: I 28.27: 9202. 
 
 1. Quarries and quarrying— United States— Employees. I. Bartholomew, Ann M. 
 II. Title. III. Title: Stone mining workforce. IV. Series: Information circular (United 
 States. Bureau of Mines); 9202. 
 
 TN295.U4 [HD8039.S72U62] 622 s [331.7'6222'0973] 88-600267 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 
 Abstract 1 
 
 Introduction 2 
 
 Acknowledgments 2 
 
 Survey methodology 2 
 
 Population 2 
 
 Sample 3 
 
 Data collection 3 
 
 Data coding, entering, and editing 3 
 
 Estimation procedures 3 
 
 Grouping of characteristics 4 
 
 Job title and principal equipment operated 4 
 
 Employment size class 4 
 
 Present job, present company, and total mining 
 
 experience 4 
 
 Job-related training during last 2 years 4 
 
 Age 4 
 
 Reliability of estimates 4 
 
 Validation of estimates 5 
 
 Page 
 
 Summary of major findings 5 
 
 Application of data for injury analyses 7 
 
 Recommendations for future work 7 
 
 References 7 
 
 Appendix A.— Stone mining industry job title grouping. . 8 
 Appendix B.— Stone mining industry equipment operated 
 
 grouping 11 
 
 Appendix C— Estimation procedures 13 
 
 Appendix D.— Reliability of estimates: random group 
 
 variance technique 14 
 
 Appendix E.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates . . 15 
 Appendix F.— Mining industry population survey letters 
 
 and questionnaire 37 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 1 . Percentage of 1986 stone mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by age 6 
 
 2. Percentage of 1986 stone mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex 6 
 
 3. Percentage of 1986 stone mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by race 6 
 
 TABLES 
 
 1 . Population and injury statistics for 1986 stone mining sector 2 
 
 Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates— 
 
 E-l. Job title, by employment size class 15 
 
 E-2. Principal equipment operated, by employment size class 15 
 
 E-3. Work location at mine, by employment size class 16 
 
 E-4. Experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 16 
 
 E-5. Training received, by employment size class 17 
 
 E-6. Age distribution, by employment size class 17 
 
 E-7. Sex, race, and education, by employment size class 17 
 
 E-8. Job title, by principal equipment operated 18 
 
 E-9. Job title, by work location at mine 19 
 
 E-10. Job title, by years of experience at job 20 
 
 E-l 1 . Job title, by years of experience at company 20 
 
 E-12. Job title, by years of mining experience 21 
 
 E-13. Job title, by hours of training received in last 2 years 21 
 
 E-14. Job title, by years of age 22 
 
 E-15. Job title, by sex 22 
 
 E-16. Job title, by race 23 
 
 E-17. Job title, by education 23 
 
 E-l 8. Principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 24 
 
 E-19. Principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 years 24 
 
 E-20. Principal equipment operated, by years of age 25 
 
 E-21. Principal equipment operated, by sex 25 
 
 E-22. Principal equipment operated, by race 26 
 
 E-23. Principal equipment operated, by education 26 
 
 E-24. Job, company, and mining experience, by work location 27 
 
 E-25. Training received, by work location 27 
 
 E-26. Age distribution, by work location 28 
 
 E-27. Sex, race, and education, by work location 28 
 
11 
 
 TABLES— Continued 
 
 Page 
 
 E-28. Experience at job, by hours of training received in last 2 years 29 
 
 E-29. Experience at job, by years of age 29 
 
 E-30. Experience at job, by sex 30 
 
 E-3 1 . Experience at job, by race 30 
 
 E-32. Experience at job, by education 30 
 
 E-33. Experience at company, by hours of training received in last 2 years 31 
 
 E-34. Experience at company, by years of age 31 
 
 E-35. Experience at company, by sex 32 
 
 E-36. Experience at company, by race 32 
 
 E-37. Experience at company, by education 32 
 
 E-38. Age, by education 33 
 
 E-39. Age, race, and education, by sex 33 
 
 E-40. Age and education, by race 34 
 
 Number of workers and coefficient of variation— 
 
 E-41 . By employment size class 34 
 
 E-42. By job title 34 
 
 E-43. By principal equipment operated 35 
 
 E-44. By work location 35 
 
 E-45. By experience at job, company, and mining 35 
 
 E-46. By training received 35 
 
 E-47. By age 36 
 
 E-48. By sex, race, and education 36 
 
 UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS REPORT 
 
 h 
 
 hour 
 
 pet 
 
 percent 
 
 yr 
 
 year 
 
 
 
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1986 STONE MINING WORKFORCE 
 
 By Shail J. Butani 1 and Ann M. Bartholomew 2 
 
 ABSTRACT 
 
 In 1986 the Bureau of Mines conducted a probability sample survey, Mining Industry Popula- 
 tion Survey, to measure such employee characteristics as occupation; principal equipment operated; 
 work location at the mine; present job, present company, and total mining experience; job-related 
 training during the last 2 years; age; sex; race; and education. The population estimates are necessary 
 to properly analyze the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) injury (includes illness 
 and fatality data) statistics; that is, to compare and contrast injury rates for various subpopulations 
 in order to identify those groups that are exhibiting higher than average injury rates. 
 
 This report uses the survey's results to characterize the U.S. stone mining workforce from 
 March through September 1986. Similar reports have been published for the metallic, sand and 
 gravel, and nonmetallic mining industries, as well as for the entire metal and nonmetal mining 
 (includes metallic, stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetallic industries) sector and the coal mining 
 sector. 
 
 'Mathematical statistician (now with Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC). 
 
 Statistical assistant. 
 
 Twin Cities Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Minneapolis, MN. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 According to the occupational safety and health (OSH) statistics 
 published annually by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of 
 Labor Statistics, the mining industry (excluding oil and gas extrac- 
 tion) always has had one of the highest injury incidence rates among 
 the major industry divisions. One of the primary objectives of the 
 Bureau of Mines is to conduct research in the area of health and 
 safety of the nation's miners, aimed at reducing the incidence rate 
 of work-related injuries (includes illnesses and fatalities) in the 
 domestic mining industry. In order to reduce the overall incidence 
 rate, the Bureau needs to identify which groups or subpopulations 
 of the workforce are exhibiting higher than average incidence rates. 
 
 To identify the high-risk groups, information about the injured 
 workers and about the entire workforce is required. Present regula- 
 tions permit MSHA to collect information on all mine injuries 
 requiring medical attention. Hence, a data base containing various 
 characteristics on the injured workforce is available. Since similar 
 information about the entire workforce was not available, the Bureau 
 conducted a probability sample survey called the Mining Industry 
 Population Survey (MIPS), also known as the demographics survey, 
 to collect the necessary data. The 1986 survey measured the follow- 
 ing characteristics: job title or occupation, principal equipment 
 operated, work location at mine, experience at present job, 
 experience at present company, total mining experience, job-related 
 training during the last 2 years, age, sex, race, and education. This 
 demographics survey provided information about the population at 
 risk and will aid research in pinpointing the hazardous segments 
 of the population, as illustrated by the following example. 
 
 From MSHA's injury data base, it is known that 4,069 males 
 and 66 females working in the U.S. stone mining industry were 
 injured in 1986. If information about the population at risk (i.e., 
 the number of male and female workers for the stone mining industry 
 in 1986) is not known, then it is not valid to draw the conclusion 
 that male miners are at a much higher injury risk than female miners. 
 The estimates from the demographics survey show that there were 
 a total of 68,649 male workers and 4,142 female workers (table 
 E-15) employed in U.S. sand and gravel mining in 1986. Of these 
 workers, the nonoffice workforce identified by occupation or job 
 
 title consists of 66,326 males and 1,490 females (table E-7). The 
 reason for excluding office workers from the analysis is to account 
 for some of the obvious difference in job risk. It should be noted 
 that in the office worker category only 3 pet are males and 64 pet 
 are females (table E-15). The added information on the population 
 puts the injury statistics in a better perspective, as shown in table 1. 
 
 Table 1 .—Population and injury statistics for 
 1986 stone mining sector 
 
 
 Population 
 statistics 
 
 
 Injury 
 
 statistics 
 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Injuries 
 
 pet 
 
 Lost 
 workdays 
 
 pet 
 
 Male .... 
 Female . . 
 
 66,326 
 1,490 
 
 97.8 
 2.2 
 
 4,069 
 66 
 
 98.4 
 1.6 
 
 61,920 
 576 
 
 99.1 
 .9 
 
 Total . . . 
 
 67,816 
 
 100.0 
 
 4,135 
 
 100.0 
 
 62,496 
 
 100.0 
 
 Since the difference between the distribution of workers and 
 lost workdays is relatively large, it would be interesting to further 
 investigate the source of variation. Could the source of variation 
 be job mix by sex? 
 
 Hence, the present research will aid in finding solutions to 
 reduce the injury incidence rates for the high-risk groups. That is, 
 the collected information will be used to compare and contrast the 
 demographics composition of the hazardous groups with those of 
 the safer groups. Thus, through present research, the differences 
 and similarities between the two groups can be defined. 
 
 The purpose of this report is to provide the U.S. stone mining 
 population estimates for March through September 1986 by various 
 characteristics. This information is essential to performing the injury 
 data analysis that is the ultimate goal of the survey. 
 
 In addition to this report, there are three companion reports 
 (/-J) 3 covering the metallic, sand and gravel, and nonmetallic 
 mining industries. Summary reports have been published for the 
 entire metal and nonmetal mining industry (4) and the coal mining 
 industry (5). 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
 
 The authors thank the officials of the U.S. Department of Labor. 
 MSHA, for submitting the MIPS justification package to the Office 
 of Management and Budget for its clearance to collect the data. 
 Special thanks go to Kathy Snyder, public affairs specialist. Office 
 
 of Information and Public Affairs. MSHA. for initiating the study, 
 and to Edwin Thomasson, research liaison officer. Technical 
 Support, MSHA. for his continuous effort and support. 
 
 SURVEY METHODOLOGY 
 
 POPULATION 
 
 The MIPS covered all workers employed in the anthracite coal 
 (SIC 4 111), bituminous coal (SIC 121), metal (SIC 101-106. 109. 
 281), stone (SIC 141, 142, 324, 327), sand and gravel (SIC 144). 
 and nonmetal (SIC 131, 145, 147, 149, 289, 299) mining industries 
 
 'Italic numbers in parentheses refer to items in the list of references preceding the 
 appendixes at the end of this report. 
 
 4 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) was revised in 1987; the industry group 
 numbers used here are those in effect at the time of the MIPS. 
 
 of the United States during the period March through September 
 1986. This report gives estimates only for the stone mining sector. 
 The information pertaining to the mine employees included in 
 the survey was collected through the mine operators, because a com- 
 prehensive sampling frame (name and address file) of the workers 
 in mine establishments was not available, and cost considerations 
 prohibited the data collection through personal visits. The number 
 of universe units (establishments under MSHA's jurisdiction) 
 covered by the scope of this survey was approximately 18.350. with 
 a total employment level of about 350.000. The number of 
 establishments and employment for the stone mining was about 
 
3,370 and 80,000, respectively. The scope of the data for the 
 employees covered by this survey is the same as that of the data 
 collected by MSHA form 7000-1 for mine accidents, injuries, 
 illnesses, and fatalities, and MSHA form 7000-2 for quarterly mine 
 employment. The collection of the fundamental statistics reported 
 on these two forms is required by law (30 U.S.C. 813; 30 CFR 50). 
 
 SAMPLE 
 
 The principal feature of the survey sample design was its use 
 of two-stage stratified random sampling. The primary sampling units 
 (first stage) were the mine establishments; the secondary sampling 
 units were employees within each of the chosen mine establishments. 
 The characteristics used to stratify the primary units were the 
 industry (anthracite coal, bituminous coal, metal, stone, sand and 
 gravel, nonmetal); mine type (underground, surface, plant or mill); 
 employment size class (1-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 250-499, 
 500-999, 1,000 and above); and status code (active, intermittent). 
 Since the first three stratification characteristics are highly correlated 
 with the characteristics that the survey was to measure, use of 
 stratified sampling increased the efficiency of the sample design 
 and thus resulted in a smaller required sample size. The fourth 
 characteristic, status code, was chosen so that nonresponse adjust- 
 ment could be made within more homogenous groups. This is 
 desirable because proportionately higher numbers of nonmailable, 
 out-of-business, refusal, etc., responses are reported from inter- 
 mittent mine establishments than from active mine establishments. 
 
 The sampling frame used for this survey was the 1985 
 preliminary address and employment file maintained by MSHA. 
 A probability sample of 852 stone mining establishments from a 
 universe of 3,373 stone mining establishments was selected by 
 stratifying the frame as previously described and using a systematic 
 sampling procedure with a random start for each stratum. The 
 employees within an establishment were selected by using a 
 systematic sampling procedure with a common random start for 
 each employment size class. 
 
 A brief description of the sample allocation is as follows. For 
 larger employment size classes, the allocation procedure placed all 
 of the establishments on the frame in the sample as primary sampling 
 units from which the employees were subsampled at a low frequency 
 rate. As employment size class decreased, smaller and smaller 
 proportions of the establishments were included as primary sampling 
 units, but the employees within the establishments were subsampled 
 at a higher frequency rate. The use of this procedure gave each 
 employee, to the extent possible, about the same probability of 
 inclusion in the sample, thus reducing the sampling variability. In 
 order to limit the response burden for any one establishment, a 
 maximum sample of 50 employees per establishment was selected. 
 
 DATA COLLECTION 
 
 The MIPS was conducted from March through September 1986 
 by mail questionnaire through the Bureau's Twin Cities (MN) 
 Research Center. A reproduction of the original letter, followup 
 letter, and the questionnaire bearing the Office of Management and 
 Budget clearance number authorizing collection of the data are 
 included in appendix F. 
 
 The response status for the stone mining sector from the original 
 and followup mailings, as well as from telephone calls to the 
 nonrespondents, is summarized here. From a total population of 
 3,373 stone mining establishments, the survey sampled 852 opera- 
 tions. The overall response and rate were 734 and 86 pet, 
 respectively. There were 58 out-of-scope returns (i.e., out of 
 businesses, nonmailables, duplicates, temporary inactives, and new 
 
 businesses under construction); the remaining 794 returns were 
 within the scope of the survey (i.e., nonrespondents, usables, 
 refusals, and unusables). Of the 794 in-scope records, 627 were 
 usables. Thus, the survey achieved a usable response rate of 79 pet. 
 A brief description of the response terms follows: 
 
 Response code 
 
 Description 
 
 Nonrespondent Received no response from the 
 
 establishment. 
 Usable Establishment provided usable 
 
 data. 
 Refusal Establishment refused to provide 
 
 any data. 
 Unusable Establishment provided data that 
 
 were not in usable format. 
 Nonmailable Establishment's address was 
 
 either insufficient or wrong. 
 Duplicate Data were combined with another 
 
 establishment's data. 
 Out-of-business Establishment was permanently 
 
 closed. 
 New business Establishment was in development 
 
 stage. 
 Temporary inactive. . . . Establishment was temporarily 
 
 not operating. 
 
 As part of the data collection phase, all the returns were 
 reviewed and edited for completeness and reasonableness of the 
 data. Whenever there were inconsistencies, the respondents were 
 called for reconciliation. Also, almost all of the respondents that 
 had initially refused to participate in the survey were contacted by 
 phone. Approximately 80 pet of these respondents ultimately 
 supplied data. Adjustments for those mine establishments that did 
 not supply the data, or supplied partial data, are explained in the 
 "Estimation Procedures" section and in appendix C. 
 
 DATA CODING, ENTERING, AND EDITING 
 
 The returns underwent a very comprehensive review and editing 
 process in order to (1) minimize the reporting differences among 
 the respondents (establishments), (2) ensure consistency of coding 
 among the individual worker entries, (3) ensure the accuracy of 
 the data entry, and (4) ensure compatibility of occupation and equip- 
 ment coding with the MSHA injury data base. 
 
 ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 
 
 In a simple random sampling plan, all units are sampled with 
 the same sampling ratio. To derive the population estimates, the 
 sample units are weighted (replicated) by the inverse of the sampling 
 ratio. Because of efficiency consideration, the data for this 
 demographics study were collected using a complex survey design. 
 Hence, the data for each worker, the ultimate sampling unit, were 
 not equally weighted. Instead, the population estimates were derived 
 by weighting data for each worker with the appropriate final weight 
 of the data, which was the product of the following three factors: 
 (1) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which the primary sampling 
 unit (establishment) was sampled; (2) a nonresponse adjustment 
 factor that was computed separately for each sampling stratum and 
 assigned to all responding establishments in a stratum to account 
 for those establishments in that stratum that did not respond; and 
 (3) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which the secondary 
 sampling units (workers) were selected. A detailed discussion of 
 
the different weights and estimation formulas are given in 
 appendix C. In statistical terms, the survey's estimates of the popula- 
 tion total were based on a Horvitz-Thompson estimator (6). 
 
 No adjustment was made for partial nonresponse. That is, the 
 characteristics that were left blank by the respondents were coded 
 as unspecified and were, naturally, weighted by their appropriate 
 final weight in computing the population estimates. The percentage 
 unspecified for a particular characteristic gives the user an indica- 
 tion of the completeness of the schedules. 
 
 GROUPING OF CHARACTERISTICS 
 
 The original data base has detailed data for the characteristics 
 mentioned below. For purposes of publication, the detailed data 
 were combined into groups. Please contact the authors to obtain 
 detailed data or a different grouping of the data for any or all of 
 the characteristics. 
 
 Job Title and Principal Equipment Operated 
 
 Since the original data base has about 100 codes for each of 
 these two categories (see appendixes A and B), the entries were 
 combined into 20 to 25 groups. Similarities of the job title or prin- 
 cipal equipment operated and number of workers in each entry were 
 two of the main criteria used in forming the groups. 
 
 Employment Size Class 
 
 The classes used for this characteristic are the standard size 
 class definition used by MSHA. Because there were very few mines 
 for the size class having 500 through 999 employees, the estimates 
 for this class were computed separately and then were combined 
 with the estimates for employment size class 250 through 499 in 
 order to protect the confidentiality of the mines as well as the 
 workers. The combined size class is labeled as 250 through 999. 
 
 Present Job, Present Company, and 
 Total Mining Experience 
 
 The data for all three of these characteristics were coded only 
 as the number of years. It was felt that data were not reliable enough 
 to be accurate to the month. The groupings were formed to be as 
 compatible as possible to the groupings used by MSHA for its injury 
 statistics. 
 
 Job-Related Training During Last 2 Years 
 
 The grouping for this characteristic was formed to reflect the 
 definite and logical intervals that various mine operators employ 
 and that meets the need of the mine safety personnel. The most 
 frequently reported number was 16 h for training during the last 
 2 years; this is because MSHA requires a minimum training of 
 8 h/yr. Also, MSHA and safety personnel are interested in know- 
 ing the percent of workers who receive no training. Hence, both 
 and 16 h were categorized separately. 
 
 Age 
 
 The groupings for age were formed to be about the same as 
 what MSHA uses for its injury statistics. 
 
 RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 
 
 As stated in reference 7: 
 
 All estimates derived from a sample survey are subject 
 to sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling errors occur 
 because observations are made on a sample, not on the entire 
 population. Estimates based on the different possible samples 
 of the same size and sample design could differ. Nonsampling 
 errors in the estimates can be attributed to many sources, 
 e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the 
 sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, definitional 
 difficulties, etc. 
 
 Nonsampling errors occur in a census as well as in a sample 
 survey. As mentioned earlier, the completed forms underwent a 
 very comprehensive review and edit process. This was primarily 
 done to minimize the nonsampling errors. 
 
 In a probability sample, the coefficients of variation (CV's), 
 which are a measure of the sampling errors in the estimates, can 
 be estimated from the survey data. CV's were calculated for the 
 basic characteristics as part of the survey estimation process; these 
 CV's as well as the corresponding estimates for number of workers 
 are given in tables E-41 through E^8. The CV's for other estimates 
 can also be derived if requested. The methodology used to com- 
 pute the estimated CV's is given below. 
 
 By definition, the CV of any sample estimate is equal to the 
 standard error of the estimate divided by the value of the estimate 
 (<5). In other words, it is a measure of relative variation. Because 
 the survey data will be used by numerous researchers to measure 
 different statistics (e.g., totals, means, medians, percentages) by 
 various cross-classification categories, it was not feasible to use 
 the exact formula for the standard error estimates. Hence, a 
 generalized formula that approximated the exact formula and that 
 was easy to implement for computing all the standard error estimates 
 was developed. It should be noted that since the survey uses a 
 complex sampling design, the usual variance, standard deviation, 
 and standard error estimates computed by the software packages 
 are no longer valid because they are based on simple random sample 
 design. The reliability measures for this survey were computed by 
 employing a random group variance technique. A brief descrip- 
 tion of it is given in appendix D and a detailed discussion is given 
 in reference 9. 
 
 The purpose of producing a reliability measure for this report 
 is to define the confidence interval or range that would include the 
 comparable complete coverage value. For example, the total number 
 of estimated truck drivers for the 1986 stone mining was 8,808 
 (table E-l and E-42) with a CV of 3.6 pet (table E-*2). Based on 
 this information, the standard error on the total number of truck 
 drivers is 317 (estimate x CV = 8.808 x 0.036) and the 95-pct 
 confidence interval is 8.174 to 9.442 (8.808 ± 2 x 317). This 
 means that with 95 pet confidence, it can be said that the interval 
 8,174 to 9,442 includes the total number of truck drivers in the 
 stone mining industry that would have been obtained from a census 
 of the frame. 
 
 In general, the smaller the subpopulation size, the larger the 
 variability in the estimates. Additionally, the larger the nonresponse. 
 the less reliable the estimate may be. As mentioned earlier, 
 nonresponse error is considered a nonsampling error. This error 
 occurred more frequently for estimates of job-related training during 
 the last 2 years and total mine experience than for other variables 
 because conceptually these variables are harder to report. Moreover, 
 it is possible that the training estimates might be somewhat biased 
 because many respondents filled in 16 h. the minimum number of 
 hours required by MSHA over a 2-year period. 
 
VALIDATION OF ESTIMATES 
 
 Once the estimates were produced, they were validated for 
 accuracy and reasonableness by several mining industry specialists. 
 Additionally, the total employment for each industry was compared 
 to an independent census conducted by MSHA, the results of which 
 are reported in references 10 through 14. The injury experience 
 reports tabulate the injury-illness-fatality data reported to MSHA 
 on form 7000-1 and employment data reported on form 7000-2. 
 While the data base used to compile the statistics for these reports 
 contains detailed information for the injured victims, it does not 
 contain similar information for the entire workforce. The breakdown 
 of total employment is available only by type of ore mined, employ- 
 ment size class, and work location. Hence, the MIPS was conducted 
 so that MSHA injury data could be analyzed in greater detail. 
 
 The data show that the overall employment figures from the 
 two sources differed about 9 pet for the stone mining industry, with 
 the MSHA figures being higher than those of the demographic 
 survey. The difference in the estimates is caused in part by 
 differences in reporting, coverage period, definitions, and 
 methodology as explained below for data comparison by employ- 
 ment size class and by work location. 
 
 When comparing distribution of workers by employment size 
 class, the differences between the data of the total row of table E-l 
 of this report and MSHA data as stated in table 4 of reference 1 1 
 are substantial. This is mainly due to the differences in definition 
 and methodology. The MIPS classification is based on total employ- 
 ment of an establishment as it existed when the respondents filled 
 out the questionnaire. MSHA collects employment on a quarterly 
 basis, and for each quarter it is possible for the employment to be 
 broken into a maximum of four different work locations; hence, 
 each establishment may have up to 16 different employment figures. 
 
 Per MSHA's methodology, the size groups are classified 
 according to the lowest numbered (primary) subunit's average 
 employment of four quarters and not on the total employment of 
 
 an establishment, as is the case with the MIPS. For example, if 
 an establishment's annual average employment is 60, but the 
 employment for the primary subunit, say underground, is 15, then 
 the establishment per MSHA's methodology is classified in size 
 class 1 through 19, whereas according to the MIPS procedure it 
 is in size class 50 through 99. It is for this reason the average 
 employment per operation as stated in table 4 of reference 1 1 is 
 6.7 for size class 1-4. It should be noted that MSHA classification 
 overestimates the employment in smaller size classes. 
 
 In view of the above, the injury data as published in reference 
 1 1 by size class should not be analyzed against the MIPS employ- 
 ment size class data. Instead, the analyst needs to retabulate the 
 MSHA injury data from the original data tapes so that the size class 
 definition corresponds to the MIPS. 
 
 Also, a large difference existed between MIPS and MSHA 
 figures for employment distribution by work location. This is 
 primarily due to differences in reporting. The employment reported 
 to MSHA every quarter is in aggregate numbers for each work loca- 
 tion (maximum of four). Generally, this type of reporting results 
 in gross approximations in the breakdown of variables such as 
 employment. For the MIPS data, the work location was reported 
 for each worker in the sample, in the same manner as it is reported 
 to MSHA on form 7000-1 for each injured worker. It should be 
 noted that the data on work location for individual workers is known 
 with more specificity than for the whole population. Hence, it is 
 appropriate to analyze the survey work location data with MSHA 
 injury statistics. 
 
 Additionally, a small portion of the difference in the two 
 estimates is due to the job title category of office workers. The MIPS 
 underestimated the number of employees in this category because 
 many respondents assumed that these workers very seldom incur 
 injuries and therefore were not to be reported. For the purposes 
 of injury analysis, the office workers are to be excluded because 
 of some of the obvious difference in the injury risk. Hence, the 
 difference in counts of office workers does not make any difference. 
 
 SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 
 
 The findings of the survey by various cross-classifications are 
 given as estimates in tables E-l through E-40; tables E-41 through 
 E-48 give reliability estimates for the basic characteristics and a 
 detailed discussion of their use is given in the "Reliability of 
 Estimates" section. If desired, the estimates by some other 
 classification criteria including more detailed estimates (e.g., 
 distribution of workers by age and experience at present company 
 working at the plant or mill location) can be derived from the original 
 data base. The following findings are based on the data for the entire 
 1986 stone mining workforce. 
 
 • The total estimated workforce for 1986 was approximately 
 73,400 (table E-l). The data in table E-l also indicate that 
 49 pet of the workforce was employed in establishments with 
 49 or less employees, 45 pet in establishments with 50-249 
 employees, and 6 pet in establishments with 250 or more 
 employees. 
 
 • The two largest categories of workers were mechanic-welder- 
 oiler-machinist and plant operator- warehouseman with 16 
 pet of the employment (table E-l). The laborer-miner-utility 
 man, and truck driver categories each made up another 12 
 pet; and each of the remaining occupation groupings had 
 fewer than 10 pet of the employees 
 
 • The distribution of workers by work location was surface 
 mine, 49 pet; plant or mill, 39 pet; office 10 pet; and the 
 locations underground mine and surface at underground mine 
 each consisted of 1 pet (table E-3). The data in table E-3 
 also show that in the smaller establishments there were 
 proportionately more workers at the location surface mine, 
 while in the larger establishments there were proportionately 
 more workers in the plant or mill area. 
 
 • A comparison of the workers by job title and experience at 
 the job (table E-10), experience at company (table E-ll), 
 and total mining experience (table E-l 2) shows that the 
 category manager-foreman-supervisor (general) had the 
 highest median experience with 8, 14, and 17 years, 
 respectively. 
 
 • Of the female employees, 64 pet had the job title category 
 office workers, compared with 3 pet of the males (table 
 E-15). 
 
 • A comparison of education for the two major work locations 
 shows that 74 pet of the plant or mill workers and 64 pet 
 of the surface mine workers had high school or better educa- 
 tion (table E-27). Note: These percentages were based on 
 data entries for which education was specified. 
 
The following findings are based on stone mining data that 
 exclude the job title category of office worker. 
 
 • The largest category of equipment operated was handtools 
 (powered and nonpowered) with 15 pet of the employment, 
 followed closely by the category none with 14 pet, plant 
 equipment and haulage truck each with 13 pet, and front- 
 end loader-forklift with 11 pet (table E-2). 
 
 • The median experience at present job, present company, and 
 total mining were 5, 8, and 9 years, respectively (table E-4). 
 Both median experience at present company and at mining 
 were higher for establishments with 100 or more employees 
 than for establishments with less than 100 employees. 
 
 • Mean job-related training during the last 2 years was 48 h 
 (table E-5). 
 
 • Mean age was 40 years (table E-6). The age group 50 and 
 over had the largest number of workers (16,466) followed 
 closely by the 40-49 age group (15,150); these two groups 
 made up about 46 pet of the workforce. 
 
 • Males made up 98 pet of the workforce (table E-7). Note 
 that the 98-pct figure excludes the unspecified category. 
 
 • Whites, blacks, and Hispanics made up 82, 7, and 8 pet, 
 respectively, of the workforce (table E-7). The remaining 
 3 pet workers belonged either to another race or were 
 unspecified. 
 
 • Of those workers whose education was specified, 69 pet had 
 a high school or better education (table E-7). Note that this 
 figure is obtained by (1) summing the workers in the 
 categories high school diploma, vocational diploma, some 
 college, and college degree, and (2) dividing this sum by 
 the total number of workers minus the workers in the 
 unspecified category. In this case, it is 43,560 divided by 
 62,977. 
 
 76 pet 
 
 77 pet 
 
 80 pet 
 
 80 pet 
 
 77 pet 
 
 66 pet 
 
 52 pet 
 
 15-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ 
 
 AGE, yr 
 
 Figure 1.— Percentage of 1986 stone mining workforce with 
 at least a high school diploma, by age (excluding job title category 
 of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
 unspecified. 
 
 The distribution of workers by equipment operated varied 
 considerably between males and females (table E-21). This 
 was especially true for the principal equipment categories 
 handtools (powered and nonpowered), scale-lab equipment- 
 controls, and none. For example, scale-lab equipment- 
 controls was the principal equipment operated by 37 pet of 
 the females compared with 4 pet for males. Handtools was 
 the largest principal equipment operated category for males 
 (16 pet); for females this category was 3 pet. 
 There was a higher percentage of employees with at least 
 a high school education under the age of 40 than there were 
 of age 40 and over (table E-38 and figure 1); proportion- 
 ately more females had a high school or higher education 
 than males (table E-39 and figure 2); education categorized 
 by race (table E-40) is shown in figure 3. 
 
 
 89 pet 
 
 69 pet 
 
 
 
 
 
 MALE 
 
 'EYA-E 
 
 Figure 2.— Percentage of 1986 stone mining workforce with 
 at least a high school diploma, by sex (excluding job title category 
 of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
 unspecified. 
 
 72 pet 
 
 
 
 
 51 pet 
 
 
 
 
 
 to pec 
 
 
 
 WHITE 
 
 BLACK 
 
 HISPANIC 
 
 Figure 3.— Percentage of 1986 stone mining workforce with 
 at least a high school diploma, by race (excluding job title 
 category of office worker, as well as workers whose education 
 was unspecified. 
 
APPLICATION OF DATA FOR INJURY ANALYSES 
 
 The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a basis for— 
 
 1. Analyzing the 1986 MSHA stone mining injury statistics 
 and identifying those subpopulations exhibiting higher or lower than 
 average injury rates. 
 
 2. Producing some selected estimates by geographic location 
 such as regions (east, central, west), MSHA districts, or States, 
 and performing injury data analyses. 
 
 3. Producing some selected estimates by standard industrial 
 classification (SIC) codes such as crushed stone and dimension stone, 
 and performing injury data analyses. 
 
 4. Developing an easy to use computerized data base that would 
 be available to the researchers to do their own analyses, especially 
 in the area of targeting injury prevention and training efforts. 
 
 The results from these analyses, which encompass all facets 
 of mining operations, can help identify areas where research efforts 
 should be devoted to achieve the greatest safety improvements, thus 
 preventing creation of unnecessary regulations or crash research 
 programs that tend to waste funds. 
 
 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 
 
 1 . After the injury analyses are performed, and the hazardous 
 areas or subpopulations have been identified, it would be desirable 
 to further investigate their problems and needs. This can be 
 accomplished by conducting some special surveys such as an equip- 
 ment use survey, maintenance related work survey, small mines 
 survey, etc. 
 
 2. Repeat the MIPS and perform the injury analyses period- 
 ically, say every 3 to 5 years, in order to study the changing mining 
 
 environment and its impact on mining safety and productivity. When 
 the survey is repeated, it is recommended that modifications be made 
 to the questionnaire to reflect new needs. It is also recommended 
 that the collection of total mine experience and job-related training 
 data be eliminated, since these variables are conceptually very hard 
 to measure. Also, the variables experience on the job and experience 
 with the company should be measured in years only. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 1. Butani, S. J., and A. M. Bartholomew. Characterization of the 1986 
 Metallic Mining Workforce. BuMines IC 9201, 1988, in press. 
 
 2. . Characterization of the 1986 Sand and Gravel Mining 
 
 Workforce. BuMines IC 9203, 1988, in press. 
 
 3. . Characterization of the 1986 Nonmetallic Mining Workforce. 
 
 BuMines IC 9204, 1988, in press. 
 
 4. . Characterization of the 1986 Metal and Nonmetal Mining 
 
 Workforce. BuMines IC 9193, 1988, 60 pp. 
 
 5. . Characterization of the 1986 Coal Mining Workforce. 
 
 BuMines IC 9192, 1988, 67 pp. 
 
 6. Cochran, W. G. Sampling Techniques. Wiley, 3ded., 1977, 429 pp. 
 
 7. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Illnesses in the United 
 States by Industry, 1985. May 1987, 81 pp. 
 
 8. Hansen, M. H., W. N. Hurwitz, and W. G. Madow. Sample Survey 
 Methods and Theory. Wiley, v. 1, 1953, 638 pp. 
 
 9. Wolter, K. M. Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer- Verlag, 
 1985, 440 pp. 
 
 10. U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration. Injury Experience in 
 Metallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1158, 1987, 276 pp. 
 
 11. . Injury Experience in Stone Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1160, 
 
 1987, 450 pp. 
 
 12. . Injury Experience in Sand and Gravel Mining, 1986. Inf. 
 
 Rep. 1161, 1987, 111 pp. 
 
 13. . Injury Experience in Nonmetallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 
 
 1159, 1987, 291 pp. 
 
 14. . Injury Experience in Coal Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1157, 
 
 1987, 390 pp. 
 
APPENDIX A.— STONE MINING INDUSTRY JOB TITLE GROUPING 
 
 Description Job title code 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 367, 378, 778, 387 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 601, 1012, 996 
 
 Blaster 807 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 372 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 368, 768, 985 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 33, 34, 333, 334, 1056, 46 
 
 Electrician-lampman 402, 602, 603, 385 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 382, 782, 825, 389 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 375, 775, 957 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 616, 53, 316, 36, 38, 39, 45, 57, 58, 59, 158, 216, 224, 327, 
 
 386, 395, 609, 624, 663, 710, 716, 874, 997, 1013, 1055 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 430, 449, 481, 489, 494 
 
 Maintenance 418 
 
 Working 749 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 404, 604, 605, 1019, 1018, 1060, 394, 608 
 
 Mine technical support 320, 393, 396, 414, 423, 456, 464, 495, 593, 594, 920, 921, 
 
 930, 965, 998, 1014 
 
 Office worker 497 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 374, 379, 380, 388, 390, 392, 1022 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 850, 28, 29, 269, 373, 728, 962, 969 
 
 Truck driver 376, 776 
 
 Code Description 
 
 28 Scoop tram operator 
 
 29 Mucking machine operator 
 
 33 Driller helper, underground 
 
 34 Exploration driller, underground 
 
 Longhole driller, underground 
 
 Prospect driller, underground 
 
 Diamond driller, underground 
 
 36 Continuous miner operator 
 
 38 Cutting machine operator 
 
 39 Hand loader 
 
 Trammer 
 45 Hangup man 
 
 Rockman 
 
 Raise blaster 
 
 Chute blaster 
 
 Rock handler 
 46 Pinner 
 
 Truss bolter 
 
 Rock bolter 
 
 Roof trimmer 
 
 Roof man 
 
 Scaler operator 
 
 Roof bolter 
 53 Nipper 
 
 Utility man 
 
 57 Stope miner 
 
 58 DXC miner 
 
 Drift miner 
 
 59 Raise miner 
 
 158 Rock machine operator, underground 
 
 216 Trackman 
 
 224 Trainees, underground 
 
 Code Description 
 
 269 Chute puller, underground 
 
 Locomotive operator 
 
 Car loader underground 
 
 Whistle punk, underground 
 316 Service truck operator 
 
 Laborer 
 
 Track gang, surface 
 
 Surface worker 
 
 Utility man, surface 
 
 Pumper, surface 
 
 Tamping machine operator 
 320 Cage attendant, surface 
 
 Aerial tram— outside only 
 
 327 Surface miner 
 
 333 Driller helper 
 
 334 Carriage-mounted drill operator, surface 
 
 Wagon drill operator, surface 
 
 Churn driller, surface 
 
 Rotary drill operator 
 
 JP drill operator, surface 
 
 Air-track driller, outside only 
 367 Backhoe operator 
 
 Power shovel operator 
 
 Pitman 
 368 Dozer operator 
 
 Track operator helper, surface 
 
 Tractor operator, surface 
 372 Deckhand 
 
 Dredge operator 
 
 Barge attendant 
 
 Barge loader 
 
 Boat operator 
 
Code Description 
 
 373 Car dropper 
 
 374 Storekeeper 
 
 Blunger 
 
 Process operator 
 
 Sandbox operator 
 
 Mill operator 
 
 Reagent operator 
 
 Car loader, surface 
 
 Warehouseman 
 
 Shipping 
 
 Media operator 
 
 Breakerman 
 
 Crusher operator 
 
 Sewing machine operator 
 
 Boney preparation plant operator 
 
 Packaging 
 
 Cleaning plant operator 
 
 Truck loader 
 
 Bagger-baler 
 
 Preparation plant operator 
 
 Cobber 
 
 375 Grader operator, surface 
 
 376 Truck driver, surface 
 
 378 Dragline operator 
 
 Dropball operator 
 
 Crane operator, surface 
 379 Kiln operator 
 
 Calciner 
 
 Dryer operator 
 
 380 Fine coal plant operator 
 
 382 Loader operator 
 
 Front-end loader operator, surface 
 
 Pan operator 
 
 Scraper operator 
 
 Highlift operator 
 
 Payloader operator 
 
 385 Lampman 
 
 386 Refuse truck driver 
 
 387 Rotary bucket excavator operator 
 
 388 Separator operator 
 
 Scalper 
 
 Shaker operator 
 
 Screen operator 
 
 389 Forklift operator 
 
 390 Silo operator 
 
 392 Washery operator 
 
 Topman 
 
 Skip dumper 
 
 Binman 
 
 Scrubber operator 
 
 Tipple operator-attendant 
 393 Scaleperson 
 
 Weighman-weighmaster 
 
 394 Carpenter 
 
 395 Water truck operator 
 
 396 Watchman 
 
 Security guard 
 
 Code Description 
 
 398 Sawyer 
 
 Stone finishing 
 
 399 Dimension stone cutter-polisher 
 
 402 Master electrician 
 
 404 Master mechanic 
 
 414 Laboratory assistant 
 
 Analyst 
 
 Laboratory technician 
 
 Laboratory supervisor 
 
 Quality control 
 
 Dust sampler 
 
 Emission control specialist 
 418 Maintenance supervisor 
 
 Maintenance foreman 
 
 423 Surveyor 
 
 430 Assistant mine manager 
 
 Assistant mine foreman-vice president 
 449 Mine owner 
 
 Assayers 
 
 President 
 
 General foreman 
 
 Mine manager 
 
 Mine foreman 
 456 Engineer 
 
 Metallurgist-geologist 
 
 Chemist 
 
 464 Inspector 
 
 481 Superintendents 
 
 Project managers 
 
 Coordinators 
 
 Supervisors 
 
 489 Outside foreman 
 
 494 Plant manager 
 
 Mill manager 
 
 Plant foreman 
 
 Mill foreman 
 495 Safety coordinator 
 
 Safety manager 
 
 Safety director 
 
 Environmental coordinator 
 
 Safety engineer 
 497 Office help 
 
 Computer operator 
 
 Controller 
 
 Clerk 
 
 593 Nurse 
 
 594 Training specialist 
 
 601 Conveyor man 
 
 Belt walker 
 
 Belt installer 
 
 Tunnel worker 
 
 Tailpiece man 
 
 Belt mover 
 
 Mobile bridge carrierman 
 
 Beltman 
 602 Lineman 
 
 Electrician 
 
10 
 
 Code 
 
 Description 
 
 603 Electrician helper 
 
 604 Fueler 
 
 Boilermaker 
 
 Plumber 
 
 Pipefitter 
 
 Boiler operator 
 
 Pipe man 
 
 Boiler trainee 
 
 Mechanic 
 
 Repairman 
 
 Mill wright 
 
 605 Mechanic helper 
 
 608 Mason 
 
 609 Supplyman 
 
 Material man 
 616 Rock picker 
 
 Parts runner 
 
 Groundman 
 
 Unit helper 
 
 Bathhouse attendant 
 
 Pointman 
 
 Laborer 
 
 Slate picker 
 
 Roustabout 
 
 Extra man 
 624 Trainees 
 
 Apprentice 
 663 Ledgeman 
 
 Quarry man 
 
 Miner, not elsewhere classified 
 
 Shaft miner 
 
 Probeman 
 710 Propman 
 
 Timberman 
 716 Cement man 
 
 Form man 
 
 Grizzly tender 
 728 Gizmo operator 
 
 Load-haul-dump operator, underground 
 749 Shift boss 
 
 Foreman-leadman 
 
 Bullgang foreman 
 
 Labor foreman 
 
 Section boss-foreman 
 
 768 Heavy equipment operator 
 
 775 Grader operator, underground 
 
 776 Truck driver, underground 
 
 778 Cherry picker 
 
 Crane operator, underground 
 
 Dragline operator, underground 
 
 Backhoe operator, underground 
 
 Gradall operator 
 
 Front-end loader operator, underground 
 
 825. 
 850. 
 
 874. 
 920. 
 921. 
 
 930. 
 957. 
 962. 
 
 Code Description 
 
 807 Chargeman 
 
 Shot firer 
 
 Powder man 
 
 Blaster 
 
 Airdox operator 
 
 Loading hole shooter 
 
 Powder monkey 
 .Bobcat operator 
 .Ramcar operator 
 
 Shuttle car operator 
 
 Buggy operator 
 .Mine equipment operator 
 . Cager 
 . Hoist operator 
 
 Hoist engineer 
 
 Shaftman 
 .Skip tender 
 .Scraper operator 
 .Car runner, surface 
 
 Trip rider 
 
 Brakeman 
 
 Flagman 
 
 Car rider 
 
 Conductor 
 . Dispatcher 
 . Swamper 
 
 Motorman 
 
 Switchman 
 .Heavy equipment operator, surface 
 
 Mobile equipment operator, surface 
 . Feeder man 
 
 General or many equipment operator 
 
 Janitor 
 
 Bag stenciler 
 
 Prospector 
 
 Painter 
 
 1012. . . Belt repairman 
 
 Belt vulcanizer 
 
 1013. . . Cleanup man 
 
 1014 Sampler 
 
 1018. . . Lube man 
 
 Greaser-oiler 
 1019.... Welder 
 1022 . . . .Dump man 
 
 Dump operator 
 1055 . . . . Chainman 
 1056. . . Rock driller 
 1060 Machinist 
 
 Shopman 
 
 Shop foreman 
 
 Bit sharpener 
 
 965. 
 969. 
 
 985. 
 
 996. 
 997. 
 998. 
 
11 
 
 APPENDIX B.— STONE MINING INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT OPERATED GROUPING 
 
 Description Equipment code 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 60, 14 
 
 Belt 13, 96 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 8, 85 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 53, 54, 49 
 
 Drill (surface) 9 
 
 Explosives 47 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 24, 23 
 
 Grader-scraper 52, 57 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 28 
 
 Hoist-elevator 30, 19, 38 
 
 Many equipment 97 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 95, 12, 16 
 
 Plant equipment 40, 7, 10, 11, 15, 18, 22, 26, 32, 39, 46, 51, 58, 69, 82, 83 
 
 Pump 48 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 92, 80, 91 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 61, 34, 33, 41, 42, 43, 65 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 17 
 
 Truck (haulage) 44, 45 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 67, 37, 66 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 70, 5 
 
 None 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 98, 68, 71, 81, 88 
 
 Unspecified 99 
 
 Code 
 
 Description 
 
 None 
 
 5 Drill press 
 
 Bench grinder 
 
 Lathe 
 7 Boats 
 
 Barges 
 
 Water transportation 
 8 Bulldozer 
 
 Dozer 
 
 Crawler tractor 
 9 Carriage mounted drill 
 
 Jumbo drill 
 
 Churn drill 
 
 Rotary drill 
 
 Jet piercing drill 
 
 Airtrack compressor drill 
 10 Chute 
 
 Airslide 
 11 Classifier 
 
 Cyclones 
 12 Continuous miner 
 
 Dosco miner 
 13 Belt feeder 
 
 Mobile bridge carrier 
 
 Conveyor 
 
 All types belts 
 14 Cherry picker 
 
 Basket scaler 
 
 Scaling machine 
 
 Rock or dropball 
 
 Boom hoist 
 
 Derrick 
 
 Crane 
 
 Gantry 
 
 Code Description 
 
 15 Breaker 
 
 Crusher 
 16 Cutting machines 
 
 Undercutter 
 
 Chain cutter 
 17 Polishing machinery 
 
 Dimension stone cutting 
 
 18 Dredge 
 
 19 Elevator 
 
 Buckets 
 
 Cage 
 
 Skip 
 22 Precipitator heavy media bath 
 
 Filters 
 
 Flotation machines 
 
 23 Forklift 
 
 24 Highlift 
 
 Skip tender 
 
 Front-end loader 
 
 Payloader 
 
 26 Grizzlies 
 
 28 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 
 
 Ram jack 
 30 Hoist 
 
 Car dropper 
 
 Hydraulic jack 
 
 32 Impactor 
 
 33 Scoop tram 
 
 Unitrac 
 
 Load-haul-dump 
 
 Teletram car 
 
 Bobcat, underground 
 
12 
 
 Code Description 
 
 34 Locomotive 
 
 Trammer 
 
 Tow-motor 
 
 Lorry car 
 
 Rail-mounted locomotive 
 37 Porta bus 
 
 Mancar 
 
 Golf cart 
 
 Mantrip 
 
 Rail runner 
 
 Rail rover 
 
 Personnel carrier 
 
 Boss buggy 
 
 Jeep 
 38 Man lift 
 
 Scaling rig 
 39 Grinding mills 
 
 Ball or rod mills 
 40 Milling machinery 
 
 Block press 
 
 General plant equipment 
 41 Nipper truck, underground 
 
 Mine car, underground 
 
 Underground flatcar 
 
 Timber truck, underground 
 42 Mine car, surface 
 
 Ore-coal car, surface 
 
 Boxcar, surface 
 
 Hopper car, surface 
 43 Mucking machine 
 
 Overshot loader 
 
 44 Ore haulage trucks, offhighway 
 
 45 Pay loader ore haulage, onhighway 
 
 46 Bagger 
 
 Sewing machine 
 
 Packaging machine 
 47 Pneumatic blast agent loader 
 
 Pop shooter 
 
 Driller loader 
 
 Prill loader 
 
 Powder buggy 
 
 Explosives 
 
 48 Pump 
 
 49 Raise borer 
 
 51 Raw coal storage 
 
 Tipple 
 
 Dump bins 
 52 Roadgrader 
 
 Motor grader 
 
 Motor patrol 
 53 Jackleg 
 
 Drifter drill 
 
 Airleg 
 
 Diamond drill 
 
 Track drill 
 
 Jumbo drill 
 
 Rock drill 
 
 Buzzy drill 
 
 Jackhammer 
 
 Hydraulic drill 
 
 Stoper drill 
 
 Code Description 
 
 54 Pinner 
 
 Roof bolting machine 
 57 Pan scraper 
 
 Scoop, surface 
 
 Self-loading scraper 
 
 Tractor scraper 
 
 Scraper loader 
 58 Shaker 
 
 Vibrator 
 
 Screen 
 60 Dragline 
 
 Dragline bucket 
 
 Backhoe 
 
 Power shovel 
 
 Clamshell 
 61 Buggy 
 
 Shuttle car 
 
 Ram car 
 65 Track maintenance 
 
 Track repair equipment 
 66 Tractor, underground 
 
 Elkhorn 
 
 Supply car 
 67 Trash truck 
 
 Service truck 
 
 Utility truck 
 
 Water truck 
 
 Dump truck 
 
 Pickup truck 
 68 Tugger 
 
 Air winch 
 
 69 Washers 
 
 70 Welding machine 
 
 Torch 
 71 Machines, not elsewhere classified 
 
 Rock rake 
 
 Drilling rigs 
 
 Impact roller 
 
 80 Lab equipment 
 
 81 Rigs, not elsewhere classified 
 
 82 Boilers 
 
 83 Furnaces 
 
 Calciners 
 
 Kilns 
 
 Dryers 
 85 Heavy equipment 
 
 Mobile equipment 
 
 88 Diesels 
 
 91 Controls 
 
 Consoles 
 
 92 Scales 
 
 95 Miscellaneous utility equipment 
 
 96 Feeders 
 
 97 Many-all types of equipment 
 
 98 Not elsewhere classified 
 
 99 Not specified 
 
13 
 
 APPENDIX C— ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 
 
 Establishment weight. —Suppose one out of every five mine 
 establishments in a sampling stratum (industry-mine type-employ- 
 ment size class-status) was selected. Then, the sampling ratio is 
 1/5, and the establishment weight (EWT) is 5.00, the inverse of 
 the sampling ratio. 
 
 Nonresponse adjustment factor.— Also suppose in a given 
 sampling stratum, 80 pet of the establishments that were within the 
 scope of the survey responded. Then, the nonresponse adjustment 
 factor (NRAF) is 1.25 (i.e., 100/80). 
 
 Worker weight.— Additionally, there was the sampling ratio 
 with which the workers in the establishment were sampled; the 
 worker weight (WWT) ranged from 1.00 to 30.00 (see the first 
 page of the MIPS questionnaire in appendix F). Theoretically, all 
 the workers in a sampling stratum should have had the same weight. 
 Hence, there would have been no need to assign weight at the worker 
 level, as the worker weight could have been incorporated into the 
 establishment weight. In practice, however, this is seldom the case 
 because for a few establishments the employment level changes from 
 what it was on the sampling frame to the time of the survey data 
 collection. Since all the establishments did not report in the same 
 employment size class that they were sampled in, it was necessary 
 to also assign each worker a weight. 
 
 Final weight. — For the purpose of computing the estimates, 
 each worker was assigned a final weight (FWT) which was the 
 product of establishment weight (EWT), nonresponse adjustment 
 factor (NRAF), and the worker weight (WWT). That is, FWT = 
 EWT X NRAF x WWT. 
 
 Estimates of number of workers. — The estimates of the total 
 number of workers were computed by (1) summing the final weights 
 over the appropriate domain, and (2) rounding the sum to the nearest 
 integer. 
 
 Example: To estimate the total number of truck drivers: 
 
 1 . Compute x = I FWT;. 
 
 itD 
 Where the domain D was the set of all records 
 (workers) that had an occupation code of truck 
 driver. 
 
 2. Compute y = round (x). 
 
 Estimates of mean. —The estimates of mean age (training) were 
 computed by summing over the appropriate domain (1) the product 
 of age (training) and final weight, (2) the final weights, and then 
 (3) dividing the sum of the products by the sum of the weights and 
 rounding the result to the nearest whole number. It should be noted 
 that for each domain only those entries where age (training) was 
 specified were included in the computation. 
 
 Example: To estimate the mean age of the truck drivers: 
 
 1. Compute x = Z (Age ; * FWT S ). 
 kD 
 
 2. Compute y = 
 
 I FWT,, 
 i £ D 
 
 Where domain, D, is the set of all records that 
 had an occupation code of truck driver with age 
 being specified. 
 3. Compute z = round (x/y). 
 
 Estimates of median.— The estimates of median job, company, 
 and mining experience were derived by (1) sorting over the domain 
 the records in ascending order of the experience for which the 
 median statistic was desired, (2) computing the total number of 
 workers (NW) in the domain by summing the final weights, and 
 (3) selecting the experience corresponding to the middle worker(s) 
 in the ordering. That is, if NW is an odd number, then the median 
 experience is the experience corresponding to the (NW/2 + l)th 
 worker in the ordering; if NW is an even number, then the median 
 experience is the midpoint (rounded to the nearest integer) of the 
 experience corresponding to the (NW/2)th and (NW/2 + l)th 
 worker in the ordering. As with the mean estimates, the median 
 estimates also excluded those entries in the domain with unspecified 
 experience. 
 
14 
 
 APPENDIX D.— RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES: RANDOM GROUP VARIANCE TECHNIQUE 
 
 The random group method of variance estimation employed 
 in this study consisted of selecting eight samples using the same 
 sampling scheme for each sample as the parent sample. The primary 
 sampling units (establishments) were divided into two sets. The first 
 set consisted of noncertainty (probability of selection less than 1 .00) 
 primary sampling units sorted by their original industry-mine type- 
 employment size class-status. A random integer, say j, between 1 
 and 8 was generated. The first primary unit in the ordering was 
 assigned to the random group j, the second to the random group 
 j + 1, and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Then, the secondary 
 sampling units (workers) were assigned the same random group 
 number as the primary unit to which they belonged. The second 
 set consisted of all secondary sampling units belonging to the 
 certainty (probability of selection equal to 1.00) primary sampling 
 units. The secondary sampling units were sorted by the same scheme 
 as above, and a random integer, say k, between 1 and 8 was 
 generated. Then, the first secondary unit in the ordering was 
 assigned to the random group k, the second to the random group 
 k + 1, and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Hence, each worker 
 belonged to a random group. For a more detailed discussion of the 
 random group technique, the reader is referred to reference 9 of 
 the main text. 
 
 The following procedure was followed in computing the 
 estimated variance (var), standard error (s), and the coefficient of 
 
 variation (CV) for the estimated number of workers belonging to 
 a particular category. 
 
 1. The domain (i.e., category) was defined. 
 
 2. A separate estimate for total number of workers, 8 r for 
 each of the eight random groups was computed. If any random 
 group was empty, then a zero was assigned to that random 
 group. 
 
 3. Total number of workers, 0, for all eight groups was 
 computed as 
 
 = 0, + 2 + . . . + 8 . 
 
 4. The mean number of workers per group was computed as 
 
 , 5 = 0/8. 
 
 5. The variance for was computed as 
 
 8 
 var (0) = 8 I (0; - 0) 2 . 
 i = l 7 
 
 6. The standard error of was computed as 
 
 s(0) = ^ var (0). 
 
 7. The CV for was computed as 
 
 CV(0) = s(0) x 100.0. 
 
 
 
15 
 
 APPENDIX E.— STONE MINING 1986 WORKFORCE ESTIMATES 
 
 Table E-1.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by employment size class 1 
 
 1^19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 
 
 Job title grouping 2 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator. . 694 4 566 3 381 4 420 2 55 1 2,118 3 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 81 56 6 123 1 53 1 319 
 
 Blaster 113 1 145 1 18 59 336 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator .. . 26 134 1 10 171 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 
 
 operator 484 3 435 3 207 2 597 3 53 1 1,775 2 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 926 5 660 4 156 2 266 1 50 1 2,058 3 
 
 Electrician-lampman 13 108 1 187 2 893 4 232 5 1,433 2 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 2,863 15 1,654 10 646 6 843 4 89 2 6,095 8 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 121 1 95 1 105 1 94 415 1 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 1,776 10 1,795 10 1,184 12 3,274 14 742 17 8,771 12 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 1,817 10 1,211 7 502 5 895 4 119 3 4,543 6 
 
 Maintenance 18 135 1 102 1 363 2 89 2 708 1 
 
 Working 113 1 396 2 590 6 1 ,035 4 228 5 2,362 3 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,335 7 2,471 14 1,917 19 4,762 21 973 23 11,458 16 
 
 Mine technical support 629 3 874 5 669 7 1,998 9 354 8 4,524 6 
 
 Office worker 1,354 7 967 6 805 8 1,510 7 374 9 5,010 7 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 2,173 12 2,551 15 1,571 15 4,457 19 625 15 11,377 16 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 13 22 58 1 96 24 1 213 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 253 1 364 2 248 1 864 1 
 
 Truck driver 3,734 20 2,685 16 1,043 10 1,153 5 194 5 8,808 12 
 
 Total 18,511 100 17,215 100 10,145 100 23,219 100 4,266 100 73,357 100 
 
 'MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-2.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by employment size class 2 
 
 ~. " ! " VI9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 3 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 706 4 586 4 389 4 464 2 83 2 2,228 3 
 
 Belt 74 56 31 168 1 74 2 404 1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 476 3 454 3 178 2 440 2 68 2 1,616 2 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 238 1 147 1 34 66 485 1 
 
 Drill (surface) 834 5 607 4 139 1 268 1 50 1 1,898 3 
 
 Explosives 120 1 145 1 20 47 332 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 3,079 18 1,887 12 802 9 1,488 7 282 7 7,538 11 
 
 Grader-scraper 127 1 95 1 105 1 100 427 1 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) .. . 1,052 6 2,004 12 1,581 17 4,799 22 934 24 10,370 15 
 
 Hoist-elevator 6 30 36 
 
 Many equipment 345 2 179 1 59 1 81 20 1 684 1 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 998 6 986 6 841 9 2,307 11 290 7 5,423 8 
 
 Plant equipment 2,268 13 2,362 15 1,208 13 2,815 13 452 12 9,105 13 
 
 Pump 74 34 61 168 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 489 3 609 4 473 5 1,567 7 178 5 3,316 5 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 13 48 71 1 154 1 26 1 312 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 291 2 330 2 248 1 868 1 
 
 Truck (haulage) 3,813 22 2,745 17 1,059 11 1,238 6 263 7 9,119 13 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 145 1 146 1 45 294 1 360 9 989 1 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 381 2 581 4 603 6 1,058 5 281 7 2,904 4 
 
 None 1,663 10 2,019 12 1,572 17 3,517 16 464 12 9,235 14 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 13 53 40 87 193 
 
 Unspecified 31 138 1 51 1 411 2 65 2 695 1 
 
 Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9,341 100 21,709 100 3,891 100 68,347 100 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 3 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
16 
 
 Table E-3.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by employment size class 1 
 
 ,„, , , " Tl9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 
 
 Work location 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Underground mine 333 2 273 2 165 2 324 1 1,094 1 
 
 Surface at underground mine 182 1 253 1 140 1 83 658 1 
 
 Surface mine 12,852 69 9,949 58 4,315 43 7,519 32 1,106 26 35.742 49 
 
 Plant or mill 3,247 18 5,053 29 4,343 43 13,210 57 2,694 63 28,546 39 
 
 Office 1,897 10 1,688 10 1,182 12 2,083 9 465 11 7,316 10 
 
 Total 18,511 100 17,215 100 10,145 100 23,219 100 4,266 IOC) 73,357 100 
 
 1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-4.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 2 
 
 ~ ] Tl9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 
 
 Experience, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0< to <1 3,731 22 3,367 21 1,929 21 3,306 15 733 19 13,067 19 
 
 1< to <2 2,114 12 1,959 12 1,292 14 2,580 12 420 11 8.365 12 
 
 2< to <3 1,626 9 1,218 7 832 9 2,051 9 458 12 6.185 9 
 
 3< to <5 2,007 12 1,765 11 1,200 13 3,044 14 375 10 8.392 12 
 
 5<to«10 2,901 17 3,238 20 1,912 20 5.190 24 971 25 14.212 21 
 
 10< to «20 2,375 14 2,689 17 951 10 2,971 14 716 18 9,702 14 
 
 20< 1,098 6 1,241 8 532 6 789 4 153 4 3,814 6 
 
 Unspecified 1 ,304 8 770 5 692 7 1,778 8 67 2 4,611 7 
 
 Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9,341 100 21,709 100 3,891 100 68,347 100 
 
 Median yr. . 4 NAp 5 NAp 4 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0<to<1 3,221 19 2,847 18 1,247 13 1,294 6 132 3 8,741 13 
 
 1< to <5 5,600 33 4,187 26 2,823 30 3,615 17 276 7 16,500 24 
 
 5<to<10 3,194 19 3,091 19 2,069 22 5.103 24 824 21 14.282 21 
 
 10<to«15 1,883 11 2,116 13 902 10 3,784 17 584 15 9.269 14 
 
 15<tO<20 1,093 6 1,573 10 758 8 2.593 12 654 17 6,670 10 
 
 20< to <25 571 3 682 4 471 5 1,278 6 549 14 3,550 5 
 
 25< to <30 377 2 666 4 316 3 1.217 6 291 7 2.867 4 
 
 30< 558 3 665 4 536 6 1.828 8 538 14 4.126 6 
 
 Unspecified 661 4 422 3 218 2 997 5 44 1 2.343 3 
 
 Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9.341 100 21.709 100 3.891 100 68.347 TOO 
 
 Median yr.. 5 NAp 7 NAp 6 NAp 11 NAp 16 NAp 8 NAp 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0< to <1 2,331 14 2,230 14 864 9 1.051 5 102 3 6.577 10 
 
 1< to <5 4,232 25 3,312 20 1,910 20 2,687 12 195 5 12.337 18 
 
 5< to <10 3,150 18 2,892 18 2,190 23 4.938 23 781 20 13.951 20 
 
 10<to<15 2,008 12 2,164 13 1,095 12 3.720 17 513 13 9.500 14 
 
 15<to<20 1,243 7 1,634 10 790 8 2,704 12 624 16 6.994 10 
 
 20< to <25 718 4- 718 4 632 7 1.369 6 519 13 3.955 6 
 
 25<to«30 452 3 809 5 355 4 1.159 5 261 7 3.037 4 
 
 30< 664 4 709 4 547 6 1,816 8 534 14 4.269 6 
 
 Unspecified 2,360 14 1,781 11 958 10 2,265 10 363 9 7,727 11 
 
 Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9,341 100 21,709 100 3.891 100 68.347 100 
 
 Median yr. . 7 NAp 8 NAp 8 NAp 12 NAp 17 NAp 9 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment: hence. MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
17 
 
 Table E-5.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by employment size class 2 
 
 Tig 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 
 
 Job training for last 2 yr, h — — : rr. — ; rr. — : 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 1,519 9 990 6 994 11 1,650 8 21 1 5,175 8 
 
 1-8 1,269 7 1,407 9 999 1 1 1,595 7 609 16 5,879 9 
 
 9-15 714 4 297 2 246 3 1,788 8 183 5 3,230 5 
 
 16 2,483 14 3,425 21 1,239 13 3,663 17 823 21 11,632 17 
 
 17-40 2,263 13 2,730 17 1,540 16 2,811 13 640 16 9,985 15 
 
 41-80 1,781 10 1,327 8 578 6 1,501 7 367 9 5,554 8 
 
 81-160 871 5 588 4 207 2 1,692 8 163 4 3,522 5 
 
 161 + 500 3 440 3 384 4 1,118 5 46 1 2,488 4 
 
 Unspecified 5,758 34 5,044 31 3,153 34 5,889 27 1,039 27 20,883 31 
 
 Total 17,157 100 16,248 IOC) 9,341 100 21,709 100 3,891 100 68,347 100 
 
 Mean job training h . . 46 NAp 41 NAp 54 NAp 56 NAp 33 NAp 48 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-6.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by employment size class 2 
 
 ~ VI9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 
 
 Age, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 15-20 486 3 320 2 222 2 192 1 1 ,220 2 
 
 21-23 1,129 7 1,020 6 519 6 520 2 26 1 3,214 5 
 
 24-26 1,571 9 1,394 9 785 8 1,090 5 151 4 4,992 7 
 
 27-29 1,505 9 1,556 10 990 11 1,639 8 314 8 6,005 9 
 
 30-34 2,503 15 2,433 15 1,404 15 3,219 15 428 11 9,988 15 
 
 35-39 1,941 11 1,923 12 1,377 15 3,686 17 532 14 9,458 14 
 
 40-49 3,260 19 3,352 21 1,970 21 5,458 25 1,209 31 15,250 22 
 
 50+ 3,709 22 3,926 24 1,996 21 5,619 26 1,216 31 16,466 24 
 
 Unspecified 1 ,053 6 323 2 77 1 286 1 15 1 ,754 3 
 
 Total 17,157 T65 16,248 100 9,341 10C) 21,709 10C) 3,891 100 68,347 100 
 
 Mean age yr . . 39 NAp 39 NAp 39 NAp 41 NAp 43 NAp 40 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-7.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by employment size class 2 
 
 1-19 ~ 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Sex' 
 
 Male 16,644 97 15,664 96 9,104 97 21,088 97 3,825 98 66,326 97 
 
 Female 321 2 359 2 220 2 556 3 34 1 1 ,490 2 
 
 Unspecified 192 1 225 1 16 65 32 1 531 1 
 
 Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9,341 10(3 21,709 10C) 3,891 100 68,347 100 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 14,906 87 13,526 83 7,458 80 17,066 79 3,214 83 56,171 82 
 
 Black 683 4 1,144 7 927 10 2,191 10 174 4 5,119 7 
 
 Hispanic 981 6 1,061 7 732 8 2,143 10 436 11 5,353 8 
 
 Other 404 2 213 1 216 2 222 1 46 1 1,101 2 
 
 Unspecified 183 1 303 2 8 88 21 1 603 1 
 
 Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9,341 100 21,709 100 3,891 100 68,347 100 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 1,981 12 1,774 11 790 8 1,606 7 198 5 6,349 9 
 
 Some high school 3,671 21 3,638 22 1,744 19 3,388 16 628 16 13,068 19 
 
 High school diploma 8,324 49 7,219 44 3,912 42 9,992 46 1,924 49 31,371 46 
 
 Vocational diploma 938 5 908 6 723 8 1,785 8 165 4 4,520 7 
 
 Some college 840 5 821 5 735 8 2,220 10 504 13 5,120 7 
 
 College degree 283 2 376 2 417 4 1,236 6 237 6 2,549 4 
 
 Unspecified 1,121 7 1,512 9 1,020 11 1,482 7 235 6 5,370 8 
 
 Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9,341 100 21,709 100 3,891 100 68,347 100 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
18 
 
 Table E-8.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated 1 , number of workers 
 
 Job title grouping 2 
 
 Backhoe 
 crane 
 
 dragline 
 shovel 
 
 Belt 
 
 Dozer 
 heavy 
 and 
 mobile 
 equip- 
 ment 
 
 Drill 
 (under- 
 ground) 
 rock 
 bolter 
 
 Drill 
 (surface) 
 
 Explo- 
 sives 
 
 Front-end 
 loader 
 forklift 
 
 Grader 
 scraper 
 
 Hoist 
 elevator 
 
 Many 
 equip- 
 ment 
 
 Miscel- 
 laneous 
 utility 
 equip- 
 ment 
 
 Plant 
 equip- 
 ment 
 
 Pump 
 
 Scale-lab 
 equip- 
 ment 
 
 controls 
 
 Shuttle 
 car 
 loco- 
 motive 
 
 Stone 
 cutting 
 finishing 
 machine 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator .... 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 
 
 Blaster 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 
 
 Electrician-lampman 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 
 
 Maintenance 
 
 Working 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 
 
 Mine technical support 
 
 Office worker 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 
 
 Truck driver 
 
 Total 36 
 
 See explanatory notes at end of table. 
 
 684 
 
 5,423 
 
 9,105 
 
 168 
 
 3,328 
 
 312 
 
 868 
 
 Handtools 
 (powered 
 
 and 
 
 non- 
 powered) 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 2,089 00 00 150 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 300 
 
 Blaster 303 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 26 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 32 1,422 8 224 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 295 1,702 17 8 6 
 
 Electrician-lampman 00 00 00 00 1,433 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 25 6,044 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 415 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 28 23 101 168 164 6 661 7 254 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 25 18 6 74 6 
 
 Maintenance 
 
 Working 38 7 6 66 7 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 8,530 
 
 Mine technical support 15 6 52 
 
 Office worker 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 39 82 12 20 433 62 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 13 6 
 
 Truck driver 
 
 Total 2,228 404 1,616 485 1,898 332 7,538 427 10,370 
 
 Truck 
 (haulage) 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 63 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 89 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 428 
 
 5,423 
 
 317 
 
 122 
 
 15 
 
 59 
 
 51 
 
 197 
 
 
 
 194 
 
 
 
 104 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 17 
 
 2,872 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 8,503 
 
 24 
 
 401 
 
 76 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 171 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 804 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,801 
 
 9,119 
 
19 
 
 Table E-8.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated, 1 number of workers— Con. 
 
 Job title grouping* personnel W h eldi " g .^ None Not elsewhere unspecified Total 
 
 M r M carrier machine-lathe classified 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 7 2,118 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 319 
 
 Blaster 32 336 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 82 171 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 1,775 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 10 13 7 2,058 
 
 Electrician-lampman 1 ,433 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 6,095 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 415 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 402 233 48 61 8,771 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 84 4,021 4,543 
 
 Maintenance 93 615 708 
 
 Working 124 1,976 2,362 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 20 2,898 11,458 
 
 Mine technical support 147 1 ,298 40 46 4,524 
 
 Office worker 60 4,935 3 5,010 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 98 7 996 86 507 1 1 ,377 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 11 5 13 213 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 40 864 
 
 Truck driver 8,808 
 
 Total 1,049 2,904 14,170 196 695 73,357 
 
 'See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-9.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by work location at mine, number of workers 
 
 CiiffQCG at 
 
 Job title grouping 1 Underground underground Surface mine 
 
 mine mine 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 10 23 1,814 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 8 87 
 
 Blaster 85 244 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 124 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 55 1,506 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 244 13 1 ,767 
 
 Electrician-lampman 13 7 383 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 98 72 4,796 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 18 7 370 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 106 70 4,823 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 72 50 2,900 
 
 Maintenance 25 227 
 
 Working 50 15 802 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 126 123 5,265 
 
 Mine technical support 5 73 849 
 
 Office worker 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 35 56 1,721 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 8 109 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 329 
 
 Truck driver 198 87 7,624 
 
 Total 1,094 658 35,742 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Plant or mil 
 
 Office 
 
 Total 
 
 270 
 
 
 
 2,118 
 
 223 
 
 
 
 319 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 336 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 171 
 
 215 
 
 
 
 1,775 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 2,058 
 
 1,030 
 
 
 
 1,433 
 
 1,129 
 
 
 
 6,095 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 415 
 
 3,771 
 
 
 
 8,771 
 
 1,291 
 
 231 
 
 4,543 
 
 439 
 
 18 
 
 708 
 
 1,461 
 
 34 
 
 2,362 
 
 5,944 
 
 
 
 11,458 
 
 1,840 
 
 1,757 
 
 4,524 
 
 
 
 5,010 
 
 5,010 
 
 9,298 
 
 267 
 
 1 1 ,377 
 
 96 
 
 
 
 213 
 
 535 
 
 
 
 864 
 
 899 
 
 
 
 8,808 
 
 28,546 
 
 7,316 
 
 73,357 
 
20 
 
 Table E-10.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at job 
 
 J°b title groupingi toll to<2 to% tols 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 318 257 244 234 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 121 18 41 12 
 
 Blaster 37 38 47 32 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 46 32 28 49 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 256 255 148 251 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 413 270 150 194 
 
 Electrician-lampman 206 131 176 203 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 988 687 591 757 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 144 20 64 63 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 2,672 1,287 710 989 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 366 403 278 456 
 
 Maintenance 158 72 57 87 
 
 Working 372 211 179 258 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,828 1,371 1,118 1,272 
 
 Mine technical support 783 507 494 671 
 
 Office worker 785 548 439 513 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 2,272 1 ,553 1 ,041 1 ,657 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 26 43 42 26 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 156 45 38 113 
 
 Truck driver 1,906 1,164 740 1,068 
 
 Total 13,852 8,913 6,624 8,904 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 5< 
 to <10 
 
 10< 
 to <20 
 
 20< 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Median, 
 
 434 
 
 338 
 
 203 
 
 89 
 
 2,118 
 
 5 
 
 71 
 
 37 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 319 
 
 3 
 
 113 
 
 46 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 336 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 171 
 
 3 
 
 348 
 
 252 
 
 108 
 
 158 
 
 1,775 
 
 5 
 
 491 
 
 299 
 
 88 
 
 154 
 
 2,058 
 
 4 
 
 354 
 
 193 
 
 123 
 
 47 
 
 1,433 
 
 5 
 
 1,254 
 
 935 
 
 496 
 
 387 
 
 6,095 
 
 5 
 
 79 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 415 
 
 3 
 
 1,402 
 
 844 
 
 277 
 
 591 
 
 8,771 
 
 3 
 
 1,012 
 
 1,087 
 
 591 
 
 349 
 
 4,543 
 
 8 
 
 239 
 
 59 
 
 11 
 
 24 
 
 708 
 
 5 
 
 564 
 
 499 
 
 171 
 
 109 
 
 2,362 
 
 6 
 
 2,914 
 
 1,658 
 
 564 
 
 733 
 
 1 1 ,458 
 
 5 
 
 1,056 
 
 603 
 
 191 
 
 219 
 
 4,524 
 
 5 
 
 1,139 
 
 818 
 
 442 
 
 325 
 
 5,010 
 
 6 
 
 2,174 
 
 1,457 
 
 481 
 
 741 
 
 11,377 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 35 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 213 
 
 3 
 
 141 
 
 110 
 
 72 
 
 189 
 
 864 
 
 5 
 
 1,524 
 
 1.216 
 
 397 
 
 794 
 
 8,808 
 
 4 
 
 15,351 
 
 10,521 
 
 4,255 
 
 4,936 73.357 
 
 Table E-11.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at company 
 
 Job title groupingi 0< 1< 5 < 1 °< 
 
 M r a to <1 to <5 to «S10 to <15 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 204 607 447 195 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 62 43 62 92 
 
 Blaster 31 109 95 56 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 13 38 33 31 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 170 436 290 293 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 339 555 496 240 
 
 Electrician-lampman 107 307 316 173 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 734 1 ,609 1 ,285 781 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 119 129 86 12 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 1 ,930 2,297 1 ,824 1 ,004 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 175 717 770 882 
 
 Maintenance 34 130 169 115 
 
 Working 139 334 460 373 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,230 2,363 2,648 1,700 
 
 Mine technical support 466 1,198 1,032 551 
 
 Office worker 605 1,284 1,172 723 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 1,211 2,562 2,407 1,692 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 26 32 44 62 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 123 198 172 92 
 
 Truck driver 1 ,627 2,837 1 ,646 924 
 
 Total 9,346 17,785 15,454 9,992 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 15< 
 to <20 
 
 20< 
 to «25 
 
 25< 
 to «=30 
 
 30< 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Median. 
 
 yr 
 
 257 
 
 103 
 
 80 
 
 189 
 
 35 
 
 2,118 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 319 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 336 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 171 
 
 8 
 
 128 
 
 153 
 
 63 
 
 108 
 
 135 
 
 1,775 
 
 9 
 
 211 
 
 74 
 
 52 
 
 35 
 
 56 
 
 2.058 
 
 7 
 
 187 
 
 147 
 
 31 
 
 123 
 
 42 
 
 1,433 
 
 10 
 
 551 
 
 292 
 
 237 
 
 404 
 
 201 
 
 6.095 
 
 7 
 
 46 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 415 
 
 4 
 
 501 
 
 347 
 
 199 
 
 287 
 
 383 
 
 8,771 
 
 5 
 
 619 
 
 348 
 
 306 
 
 582 
 
 144 
 
 4,543 
 
 14 
 
 78 
 
 31 
 
 87 
 
 53 
 
 11 
 
 708 
 
 11 
 
 323 
 
 255 
 
 168 
 
 258 
 
 52 
 
 2.362 
 
 13 
 
 1.254 
 
 606 
 
 485 
 
 685 
 
 488 
 
 1 1 .458 
 
 9 
 
 457 
 
 260 
 
 185 
 
 286 
 
 88 
 
 4.524 
 
 8 
 
 322 
 
 286 
 
 224 
 
 236 
 
 156 
 
 5,010 
 
 7 
 
 1.287 
 
 642 
 
 493 
 
 742 
 
 341 
 
 1 1 .377 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 213 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 39 
 
 96 
 
 68 
 
 63 
 
 864 
 
 7 
 
 683 
 
 238 
 
 329 
 
 270 
 
 254 
 
 8.808 
 
 5 
 
 6.992 3,837 3,091 
 
 4.362 
 
 2,499 
 
 73.357 
 
Table E-12.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of mining experience 
 
 21 
 
 Job title grouping' , °< , 1 <_ , 5 < . , 1 °< 
 
 3 K M to <1 to <5 to ^10 to <15 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 160 380 448 249 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 56 25 62 92 
 
 Blaster 25 75 69 63 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 7 38 57 53 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 62 418 302 273 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 226 430 433 294 
 
 Electrician-lampman 71 240 350 160 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 457 1,139 1,364 878 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 100 72 82 20 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 1,523 1,928 1,814 964 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 75 291 653 839 
 
 Maintenance 6 76 129 125 
 
 Working 64 133 444 407 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 956 1,860 2,598 1,793 
 
 Mine technical support 380 919 951 573 
 
 Office worker 426 970 1 ,084 707 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 884 1,866 2,472 1,658 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 13 32 51 55 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 105 122 72 89 
 
 Truck driver 1 ,408 2,292 1 ,600 91 5 
 
 Total ~7,003 13,307 15,035 10,207 
 
 'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 15< 
 to <20 
 
 20< 
 to <25 
 
 25< 
 
 to <30 
 
 30< 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Median, 
 
 265 
 
 146 
 
 96 
 
 190 
 
 183 
 
 2,118 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 13 
 
 36 
 
 319 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 336 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 171 
 
 8 
 
 183 
 
 184 
 
 82 
 
 120 
 
 152 
 
 1,775 
 
 11 
 
 211 
 
 99 
 
 90 
 
 47 
 
 228 
 
 2,058 
 
 8 
 
 199 
 
 141 
 
 31 
 
 123 
 
 117 
 
 1,433 
 
 10 
 
 639 
 
 308 
 
 243 
 
 455 
 
 612 
 
 6,095 
 
 9 
 
 46 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 64 
 
 415 
 
 6 
 
 534 
 
 369 
 
 196 
 
 290 
 
 1,154 
 
 8,771 
 
 7 
 
 631 
 
 431 
 
 391 
 
 682 
 
 550 
 
 4,543 
 
 17 
 
 86 
 
 54 
 
 76 
 
 46 
 
 110 
 
 708 
 
 14 
 
 336 
 
 271 
 
 183 
 
 258 
 
 265 
 
 2,362 
 
 15 
 
 1,305 
 
 653 
 
 519 
 
 695 
 
 1,079 
 
 11,458 
 
 10 
 
 470 
 
 285 
 
 207 
 
 291 
 
 449 
 
 4,524 
 
 9 
 
 348 
 
 292 
 
 214 
 
 286 
 
 683 
 
 5,010 
 
 9 
 
 1,299 
 
 700 
 
 485 
 
 744 
 
 1,267 
 
 1 1 ,377 
 
 10 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 17 
 
 7 
 
 213 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 39 
 
 26 
 
 20 
 
 384 
 
 864 
 
 6 
 
 710 
 
 251 
 
 356 
 
 270 
 
 1,006 
 
 8,808 
 
 6 
 
 7,342 4,247 3,250 4,555 
 
 8,409 73,357 
 
 Table E-13.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by hours of training received in last 2 years 
 
 Job title grouping' 
 
 1-8 
 
 9-15 
 
 16 
 
 17-40 41-80 81-160 161 + 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 hr 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 157 145 103 354 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 32 58 12 87 
 
 Blaster 13 24 6 1 06 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 13 5 23 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 106 138 99 463 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 184 123 73 471 
 
 Electrician-lampman 160 127 92 212 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 425 503 208 1 ,007 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 61 58 10 60 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 618 786 529 1,354 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 428 236 137 795 
 
 Maintenance 27 104 12 79 
 
 Working 183 171 60 373 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 677 880 705 2,062 
 
 Mine technical support 423 295 219 599 
 
 Office worker 782 374 1 46 307 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 933 1,088 576 1,901 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 13 38 58 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 139 184 30 13 
 
 Truck driver 581 917 358 1,616 
 
 Total 5,957 6,252 3,376 1 1 ,939 
 
 'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 287 
 
 172 
 
 89 
 
 63 
 
 747 
 
 2,118 
 
 49 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 100 
 
 319 
 
 22 
 
 41 
 
 31 
 
 30 
 
 19 
 
 65 
 
 336 
 
 65 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 59 
 
 171 
 
 54 
 
 218 
 
 93 
 
 56 
 
 63 
 
 540 
 
 1,775 
 
 39 
 
 221 
 
 230 
 
 82 
 
 65 
 
 611 
 
 2,058 
 
 47 
 
 171 
 
 69 
 
 125 
 
 105 
 
 371 
 
 1,433 
 
 82 
 
 958 
 
 523 
 
 342 
 
 161 
 
 1,968 
 
 6,095 
 
 47 
 
 36 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 136 
 
 415 
 
 41 
 
 1,183 
 
 710 
 
 403 
 
 360 
 
 2,828 
 
 8,771 
 
 44 
 
 536 
 
 406 
 
 316 
 
 145 
 
 1,544 
 
 4,543 
 
 51 
 
 123 
 
 124 
 
 43 
 
 15 
 
 182 
 
 708 
 
 47 
 
 469 
 
 277 
 
 103 
 
 100 
 
 626 
 
 2,362 
 
 59 
 
 1,917 
 
 729 
 
 529 
 
 579 
 
 3,381 
 
 1 1 ,458 
 
 60 
 
 678 
 
 365 
 
 322 
 
 154 
 
 1,469 
 
 4,524 
 
 48 
 
 495 
 
 333 
 
 225 
 
 177 
 
 2,172 
 
 5,010 
 
 53 
 
 1,712 
 
 973 
 
 661 
 
 365 
 
 3,169 
 
 11,377 
 
 43 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 52 
 
 213 
 
 74 
 
 51 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 389 
 
 864 
 
 24 
 
 1,313 
 
 743 
 
 390 
 
 243 
 
 2,647 
 
 8,808 
 
 39 
 
 10,480 5,887 3,746 2,665 23,055 73,357 
 
 49 
 
22 
 
 Table E-14.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of age 
 
 Job title grouping 1 
 
 15-20 
 
 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 
 
 40-49 
 
 50- 
 
 Unspeci- 
 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 
 yr 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 37 75 207 151 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 13 7 12 69 
 
 Blaster 7 18 24 33 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 7 18 13 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 7 31 62 97 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 56 79 159 219 
 
 Electrician-lampman 44 23 116 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 148 237 410 509 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 40 32 40 66 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 333 828 1 ,022 1 ,021 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 6 22 95 177 
 
 Maintenance 6 7 
 
 Working 6 17 59 98 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 134 288 656 1,060 
 
 Mine technical support 35 217 290 370 
 
 Office worker 47 175 264 425 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 158 493 920 1,089 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 7 6 13 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 13 66 56 96 
 
 Truck driver 230 742 927 809 
 
 Total ~~1 ,267 3,389 5,255 6,430 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 250 
 
 198 
 
 449 
 
 713 
 
 38 
 
 2,118 
 
 42 
 
 33 
 
 41 
 
 59 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 319 
 
 39 
 
 83 
 
 17 
 
 66 
 
 75 
 
 13 
 
 336 
 
 39 
 
 35 
 
 44 
 
 38 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 171 
 
 36 
 
 321 
 
 246 
 
 443 
 
 537 
 
 31 
 
 1,775 
 
 43 
 
 345 
 
 211 
 
 398 
 
 502 
 
 89 
 
 2,058 
 
 39 
 
 237 
 
 309 
 
 400 
 
 294 
 
 11 
 
 1,433 
 
 41 
 
 875 
 
 858 
 
 1,247 
 
 1,519 
 
 292 
 
 6,095 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 79 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 415 
 
 36 
 
 1,478 
 
 1,070 
 
 1,482 
 
 1,285 
 
 252 
 
 8,771 
 
 36 
 
 418 
 
 605 
 
 1,393 
 
 1,718 
 
 110 
 
 4,543 
 
 46 
 
 79 
 
 108 
 
 258 
 
 229 
 
 21 
 
 708 
 
 45 
 
 289 
 
 401 
 
 708 
 
 762 
 
 21 
 
 2,362 
 
 44 
 
 1,656 
 
 1,916 
 
 2,886 
 
 2,622 
 
 240 
 
 11,458 
 
 41 
 
 625 
 
 691 
 
 1,068 
 
 1,136 
 
 92 
 
 4,524 
 
 41 
 
 709 
 
 719 
 
 1,211 
 
 1,346 
 
 115 
 
 5,010 
 
 41 
 
 1,705 
 
 1,582 
 
 2,379 
 
 2,817 
 
 234 
 
 11,377 
 
 40 
 
 31 
 
 29 
 
 74 
 
 40 
 
 13 
 
 213 
 
 41 
 
 108 
 
 100 
 
 212 
 
 213 
 
 
 
 864 
 
 40 
 
 1,380 
 
 988 
 
 1,609 
 
 1,828 
 
 295 
 
 8,808 
 
 38 
 
 10,697 10,177 16,461 17,812 
 
 1 ,869 73,357 
 
 40 
 
 Table E-15. — Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by sex 
 
 Male Female 
 
 Job title grouping 1 —rr. — ; ; —rr. — ; 
 
 3 r 3 Workers pet Workers 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 2,105 3 6 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 302 17 
 
 Blaster 336 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 155 15 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 1,761 3 8 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 1 ,998 3 8 
 
 Electrician-lampman 1 ,433 2 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 6,030 9 13 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 415 1 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 8,433 12 206 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 4,500 7 18 
 
 Maintenance 708 1 
 
 Working 2,344 3 12 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 11 ,347 17 55 
 
 Mine technical support 3,715 5 802 
 
 Office worker 2,323 . 3 2,652 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 11,100 16 200 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 191 22 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 858 1 6 
 
 Truck driver 8,597 13 102 
 
 Total ~68,649 100 4,142 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 19 
 64 
 5 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 51 
 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 132 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 
 57 
 7 
 
 35 
 
 78 
 
 
 
 
 
 109 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 1 
 6 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 100 
 
 565 
 
 100 
 
 2,118 
 319 
 336 
 171 
 
 1.775 
 2.058 
 1.433 
 6.095 
 415 
 8,771 
 
 4,543 
 708 
 
 2.362 
 11.458 
 
 4,524 
 
 5.010 
 
 11.377 
 
 213 
 
 864 
 
 8.808 
 
 73.357 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 8 
 1 
 12 
 
 6 
 1 
 3 
 
 16 
 6 
 7 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 100 
 
Table E-16.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by race 
 
 23 
 
 White Black Hispanic 
 Job title grouping1 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 1,762 3 174 3 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 289 18 
 
 Blaster 301 6 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 112 59 1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 1,451 2 155 3 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 1,699 3 182 4 
 
 Electrician-lampman 1 ,247 2 43 1 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 5,057 8 425 8 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 329 1 12 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 6,025 10 1,256 24 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 4,265 7 103 2 
 
 Maintenance 638 1 21 
 
 Working 2,201 4 98 2 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 9,617 16 579 11 
 
 Mine technical support 3,997 7 129 2 
 
 Office worker 4,677 8 88 2 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 9,1 18 15 1 ,059 20 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 146 34 1 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 648 1 186 4 
 
 Truck driver 7,269 12 581 11 
 
 Total 60,848 nXJ 5,207 100 5,460 
 
 'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 133 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 2,118 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 319 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 336 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 171 
 
 
 
 104 
 
 2 
 
 59 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 1,775 
 
 2 
 
 79 
 
 1 
 
 40 
 
 3 
 
 58 
 
 9 
 
 2,058 
 
 3 
 
 137 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,433 
 
 2 
 
 458 
 
 8 
 
 108 
 
 9 
 
 46 
 
 7 
 
 6,095 
 
 8 
 
 73 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 415 
 
 1 
 
 1,207 
 
 22 
 
 169 
 
 14 
 
 114 
 
 17 
 
 8,771 
 
 12 
 
 97 
 
 2 
 
 60 
 
 5 
 
 19 
 
 3 
 
 4,543 
 
 6 
 
 36 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 708 
 
 1 
 
 44 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 2,362 
 
 3 
 
 923 
 
 17 
 
 269 
 
 23 
 
 71 
 
 11 
 
 1 1 ,458 
 
 16 
 
 337 
 
 6 
 
 36 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 4 
 
 4,524 
 
 6 
 
 107 
 
 2 
 
 82 
 
 7 
 
 56 
 
 9 
 
 5,010 
 
 7 
 
 945 
 
 17 
 
 163 
 
 14 
 
 92 
 
 14 
 
 1 1 ,377 
 
 16 
 
 33 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 213 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 864 
 
 1 
 
 697 
 
 13 
 
 133 
 
 11 
 
 128 
 
 19 
 
 8,808 
 
 12 
 
 100 
 
 1,183 
 
 100 
 
 659 
 
 100 
 
 73,357 
 
 100 
 
 Table E-17.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College UnsDecified Total 
 
 Job title arouoina 1 elementary school diploma diploma college degree v 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 
 
 operator 308 15 661 31 876 41 84 4 58 3 15 1 117 6 2,118 3 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 13 4 115 36 136 43 8 3 34 11 13 4 319 
 
 Blaster 56 17 56 17 155 46 25 7 42 13 336 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge 
 
 operator 7 4 15 9 114 67 20 1 1 15 9 171 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile 
 
 equipment operator 228 13 448 25 829 47 73 4 73 4 125 7 1,775 2 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 227 11 570 28 811 39 158 8 106 5 3 184 9 2,058 3 
 
 Electrician-lampman 14 1 91 6 480 33 451 31 204 14 79 5 116 8 1,433 2 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 
 
 operator 707 12 1,424 23 2,979 49 254 4 194 3 44 1 494 8 6,095 8 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 37 9 94 23 169 41 14 3 15 4 86 21 415 1 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 1,047 12 1,629 19 4,141 47 438 5 540 6 156 2 820 9 8,771 12 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 260 6 450 10 1,878 41 253 6 637 14 695 15 370 8 4,543 6 
 
 Maintenance 52 7 51 7 261 37 42 6 140 20 126 18 36 5 708 1 
 
 Working 147 6 244 10 1,081 46 154 7 369 16 249 11 120 5 2,362 3 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler- 
 machinist 975 9 1,945 17 5,163 45 1,439 13 812 7 98 1 1,026 9 11,458 16 
 
 Mine technical support 164 4 425 9 1,940 43 238 5 707 16 786 17 264 6 4,524 6 
 
 Office worker 12 109 2 1,899 38 325 6 1,361 27 1,086 22 217 4 5,010 7 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman . 1,036 9 2,261 20 5,633 50 528 5 944 8 219 2 757 7 11,377 16 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 8 4 42 20 121 57 7 3 13 6 7 3 15 7 213 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 120 14 315 36 374 43 6 1 19 2 6 1 24 3 864 1 
 
 Truck driver 945 11 2,234 25 4,232 48 328 4 213 2 53 1 803 9 8,808 12 
 
 Total 6,362 9 13,177 18 33,269 45 4,845 7 6,481 9 3,635 5 5,587 8 73,357 100 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
24 
 
 Table E-18.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 
 
 0< 
 
 to <1 
 
 1< 
 to <2 
 
 2< 
 
 to <3 
 
 3< 
 
 to <5 
 
 5< 
 
 to <10 
 
 10< 
 to «20 
 
 20< 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Median, 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 341 264 249 
 
 Belt 146 25 47 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment ... . 269 211 139 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 134 116 19 
 
 Drill (surface) 391 218 134 
 
 Explosives 48 38 47 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 1,280 876 713 
 
 Grader-scraper 144 20 64 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 1,639 1,187 1,081 
 
 Hoist-elevator 6 
 
 Many equipment 73 73 71 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 1,692 752 445 
 
 Plant equipment 1 ,947 1 ,239 790 
 
 Pump 57 28 22 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 538 336 383 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 41 78 33 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 180 51 44 
 
 Truck (haulage) 1 ,992 1 ,240 796 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 198 106 99 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 476 386 240 
 
 None 1 ,244 1 ,025 704 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 77 7 
 
 Unspecified 1 53 90 66 
 
 Total 13,067 8,365 6,185 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown 
 
 261 
 
 447 
 
 361 
 
 219 
 
 86 
 
 2,228 
 
 5 
 
 19 
 
 78 
 
 64 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 404 
 
 3 
 
 196 
 
 317 
 
 221 
 
 100 
 
 163 
 
 1,616 
 
 5 
 
 91 
 
 49 
 
 51 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 485 
 
 2 
 
 153 
 
 479 
 
 279 
 
 103 
 
 141 
 
 1.898 
 
 5 
 
 37 
 
 100 
 
 39 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 332 
 
 5 
 
 1,041 
 
 1,596 
 
 1,099 
 
 529 
 
 404 
 
 7,538 
 
 5 
 
 63 
 
 85 
 
 36 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 427 
 
 3 
 
 1,190 
 
 2,647 
 
 1,403 
 
 550 
 
 673 
 
 10,370 
 
 5 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 5 
 
 38 
 
 107 
 
 154 
 
 41 
 
 127 
 
 684 
 
 7 
 
 633 
 
 890 
 
 388 
 
 199 
 
 424 
 
 5,423 
 
 3 
 
 1,280 
 
 1,614 
 
 1,258 
 
 380 
 
 597 
 
 9,105 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 30 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 
 
 168 
 
 2 
 
 460 
 
 746 
 
 489 
 
 152 
 
 211 
 
 3,316 
 
 5 
 
 47 
 
 58 
 
 41 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 312 
 
 4 
 
 106 
 
 134 
 
 104 
 
 52 
 
 195 
 
 868 
 
 5 
 
 1,094 
 
 1,547 
 
 1,234 
 
 415 
 
 800 
 
 9,119 
 
 4 
 
 86 
 
 287 
 
 127 
 
 53 
 
 34 
 
 989 
 
 5 
 
 336 
 
 718 
 
 497 
 
 132 
 
 119 
 
 2,904 
 
 5 
 
 1,099 
 
 2,120 
 
 1,744 
 
 812 
 
 487 
 
 9,235 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 54 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 193 
 
 4 
 
 94 
 
 110 
 
 72 
 
 12 
 
 99 
 
 695 
 
 3 
 
 8,392 
 
 14,212 
 
 9,702 
 
 3,814 
 
 4,611 
 
 68,347 
 
 Table E-19.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 years 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 
 
 1-8 
 
 9-15 
 
 16 
 
 17-40 
 
 41-80 
 
 81-160 
 
 161- 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 h 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 157 153 125 394 
 
 Belt 39 65 18 105 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 78 130 72 366 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 126 .22 78 
 
 Drill (surface) 136 108 67 411 
 
 Explosives 7 19 13 106 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 530 651 324 1 ,287 
 
 Grader-scraper 61 58 17 60 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 660 825 592 1,816 
 
 Hoist-elevator 30 
 
 Many equipment 50 95 46 144 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 381 479 314 789 
 
 Plant equipment 695 897 414 1 .535 
 
 Pump 14 83 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 310 175 187 428 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 13 38 84 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 132 144 30 13 
 
 Truck (haulage) 616 953 381 1,702 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 73 107 55 155 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 215 205 217 498 
 
 None 808 691 314 1 ,425 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 43 7 5 18 
 
 Unspecified 31 58 31 1 04 
 
 Total 5,175 5,879 3,230 11.632 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 299 
 
 171 
 
 89 
 
 63 
 
 776 
 
 2.228 
 
 47 
 
 40 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 26 
 
 87 
 
 404 
 
 44 
 
 244 
 
 96 
 
 44 
 
 37 
 
 548 
 
 1,616 
 
 36 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 137 
 
 485 
 
 57 
 
 166 
 
 228 
 
 82 
 
 50 
 
 650 
 
 1.898 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 36 
 
 24 
 
 19 
 
 65 
 
 332 
 
 67 
 
 1,201 
 
 665 
 
 358 
 
 299 
 
 2,224 
 
 7,538 
 
 49 
 
 36 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 142 
 
 427 
 
 40 
 
 1,693 
 
 587 
 
 621 
 
 643 
 
 2.933 
 
 10.370 
 
 67 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 87 
 
 84 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 6 
 
 142 
 
 684 
 
 38 
 
 631 
 
 364 
 
 278 
 
 161 
 
 2,026 
 
 5.423 
 
 41 
 
 1,416 
 
 863 
 
 553 
 
 262 
 
 2,470 
 
 9.105 
 
 44 
 
 59 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 168 
 
 18 
 
 537 
 
 291 
 
 220 
 
 88 
 
 1.080 
 
 3.316 
 
 43 
 
 56 
 
 26 
 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 51 
 
 312 
 
 54 
 
 44 
 
 46 
 
 25 
 
 44 
 
 389 
 
 868 
 
 53 
 
 1,346 
 
 743 
 
 397 
 
 243 
 
 2.737 
 
 9.119 
 
 38 
 
 204 
 
 153 
 
 49 
 
 46 
 
 148 
 
 989 
 
 48 
 
 453 
 
 237 
 
 94 
 
 88 
 
 898 
 
 2,904 
 
 47 
 
 1,292 
 
 816 
 
 562 
 
 332 
 
 2.994 
 
 9.235 
 
 52 
 
 31 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 63 
 
 193 
 
 33 
 
 61 
 
 46 
 
 30 
 
 18 
 
 317 
 
 695 
 
 39 
 
 9.985 
 
 5.554 
 
 3.522 
 
 2.488 
 
 20.883 68.347 
 
 48 
 
25 
 
 Table E-20.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of age 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 
 
 15-20 
 
 21-23 
 
 24-26 
 
 27-29 
 
 30-34 
 
 35-39 
 
 40-49 
 
 50 + 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 V 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 37 81 207 187 
 
 Belt 13 7 12 64 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 7 31 57 99 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 23 13 30 43 
 
 Drill (surface) 34 104 143 185 
 
 Explosives 12 13 24 24 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 186 286 488 690 
 
 Grader-scraper 40 32 40 66 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 80 305 483 971 
 
 Hoist-elevator 6 14 
 
 Many equipment 13 26 59 57 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 210 485 725 711 
 
 Plant equipment 125 451 764 931 
 
 Pump 13 13 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 26 156 249 254 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 7 13 13 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 32 72 63 90 
 
 Truck (haulage) 230 780 955 822 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 63 68 42 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 54 53 229 259 
 
 None 73 202 286 369 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 13 13 35 18 
 
 Unspecified 12 22 57 80 
 
 Total 1,220 3,214 4,992 6,005 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 253 
 
 191 
 
 468 
 
 759 
 
 43 
 
 2,228 
 
 42 
 
 33 
 
 65 
 
 94 
 
 117 
 
 
 
 404 
 
 41 
 
 287 
 
 215 
 
 445 
 
 461 
 
 15 
 
 1,616 
 
 42 
 
 172 
 
 57 
 
 80 
 
 67 
 
 
 
 485 
 
 36 
 
 268 
 
 175 
 
 394 
 
 500 
 
 95 
 
 1,898 
 
 40 
 
 76 
 
 22 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 26 
 
 332 
 
 39 
 
 1,218 
 
 1,045 
 
 1,515 
 
 1,806 
 
 303 
 
 7,538 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 79 
 
 87 
 
 
 
 427 
 
 37 
 
 1,637 
 
 1,804 
 
 2,625 
 
 2,268 
 
 196 
 
 10,370 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 38 
 
 105 
 
 91 
 
 136 
 
 122 
 
 74 
 
 684 
 
 39 
 
 912 
 
 644 
 
 858 
 
 718 
 
 159 
 
 5,423 
 
 35 
 
 1,378 
 
 1,311 
 
 1,865 
 
 2,083 
 
 198 
 
 9,105 
 
 39 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 168 
 
 39 
 
 421 
 
 555 
 
 804 
 
 790 
 
 60 
 
 3,316 
 
 40 
 
 51 
 
 50 
 
 93 
 
 86 
 
 
 
 312 
 
 42 
 
 114 
 
 93 
 
 212 
 
 192 
 
 
 
 868 
 
 39 
 
 1,427 
 
 1,048 
 
 1,675 
 
 1,881 
 
 302 
 
 9,119 
 
 38 
 
 105 
 
 112 
 
 284 
 
 289 
 
 27 
 
 989 
 
 43 
 
 301 
 
 493 
 
 754 
 
 694 
 
 66 
 
 2,904 
 
 41 
 
 1,011 
 
 1,320 
 
 2,573 
 
 3,237 
 
 165 
 
 9,235 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 64 
 
 19 
 
 13 
 
 193 
 
 35 
 
 132 
 
 80 
 
 122 
 
 179 
 
 11 
 
 695 
 
 39 
 
 9,988 
 
 9,458 
 
 15,250 16,466 
 
 1,754 
 
 68,347 
 
 40 
 
 Table E-21.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by sex 
 
 _ . . „ Male 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 — 
 
 H K H a k a Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 2,216 3 
 
 Belt 388 1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment ... . 1,616 2 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 470 1 
 
 Drill (surface) .'. 1 ,834 3 
 
 Explosives 332 1 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 7,429 1 1 
 
 Grader-scraper 427 1 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 10,281 16 
 
 Hoist-elevator 36 
 
 Many equipment 684 1 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 5,172 8 
 
 Plant equipment 8,935 13 
 
 Pump 168 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 2,771 4 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 304 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 862 1 
 
 Truck (haulage) 8,892 13 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 981 1 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 2,875 4 
 
 None 8,834 13 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 173 
 
 Unspecified 644 1 
 
 Total 66,326 100 1,490 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Female 
 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 2,228 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 404 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,616 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 485 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 63 
 
 12 
 
 1,898 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 332 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 3 
 
 72 
 
 13 
 
 7,538 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 427 
 
 1 
 
 38 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 
 9 
 
 10,370 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 684 
 
 1 
 
 173 
 
 12 
 
 77 
 
 15 
 
 5,423 
 
 8 
 
 81 
 
 5 
 
 89 
 
 17 
 
 9,105 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 168 
 
 
 
 544 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,316 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 312 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 868 
 
 1 
 
 110 
 
 7 
 
 116 
 
 22 
 
 9,119 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 989 
 
 1 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 2,904 
 
 4 
 
 369 
 
 25 
 
 32 
 
 6 
 
 9,235 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 193 
 
 
 
 39 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 695 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 531 
 
 100 
 
 68,347 
 
 100 
 
26 
 
 Table E-22.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by race 
 
 White Black 
 
 Equipment operated grouping* Wprkers ^ Workers ^ 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 1,861 3 180 4 
 
 Belt 357 1 18 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment ... . 1,323 2 151 3 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 416 1 44 1 
 
 Drill (surface) 1,514 3 214 4 
 
 Explosives 300 1 6 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 6,180 11 565 11 
 
 Grader-scraper 342 1 12 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 8,679 15 590 12 
 
 Hoist-elevator 36 
 
 Many equipment 572 1 13 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 3,558 6 900 18 
 
 Plant equipment 7,319 13 812 16 
 
 Pump 156 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 2,958 5 90 2 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 183 52 1 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 686 1 146 3 
 
 Truck (haulage) 7,497 13 602 12 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 777 1 68 1 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 2,483 4 100 2 
 
 None 8,354 15 390 8 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 162 13 
 
 Unspecified 458 1 155 3 
 
 Total 56,171 100 5,119 100 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Hispanic 
 
 
 Other 
 
 
 Unspecified 
 Workers pet 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 138 
 
 3 
 
 29 
 
 3 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 2,228 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 404 
 
 1 
 
 82 
 
 2 
 
 59 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,616 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 485 
 
 1 
 
 85 
 
 2 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 45 
 
 7 
 
 1,898 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 332 
 
 
 
 633 
 
 12 
 
 95 
 
 9 
 
 66 
 
 11 
 
 7,538 
 
 11 
 
 73 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 427 
 
 1 
 
 839 
 
 16 
 
 191 
 
 17 
 
 71 
 
 12 
 
 10,370 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 59 
 
 1 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 684 
 
 1 
 
 794 
 
 15 
 
 98 
 
 9 
 
 73 
 
 12 
 
 5,423 
 
 8 
 
 702 
 
 13 
 
 165 
 
 15 
 
 108 
 
 18 
 
 9,105 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 168 
 
 
 
 225 
 
 4 
 
 31 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 3,316 
 
 5 
 
 65 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 312 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 868 
 
 1 
 
 758 
 
 14 
 
 133 
 
 12 
 
 128 
 
 21 
 
 9,119 
 
 13 
 
 138 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 989 
 
 1 
 
 232 
 
 4 
 
 90 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,904 
 
 4 
 
 355 
 
 7 
 
 87 
 
 8 
 
 50 
 
 8 
 
 9,235 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 193 
 
 
 
 64 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 695 
 
 1 
 
 5,353 
 
 100 
 
 1,101 
 
 100 
 
 603 
 
 100 
 
 68,347 
 
 100 
 
 Table E-23.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College i in<snprifipri Total 
 
 Equipment operated elementary school diploma diploma college degree uMapeuneu 
 
 grouping 2 — — - — - — 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 314 14 681 31 921 41 92 4 86 4 15 1 120 5 2,228 3 
 
 Belt 19 5 115 28 198 49 25 6 34 9 13 3 404 1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile 
 
 equipment 203 13 406 25 767 47 72 4 48 3 120 7 1,616 2 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter .. . 43 9 161 33 222 46 38 8 15 3 7 1 485 1 
 
 Drill (surface) 233 12 518 27 713 38 138 7 97 5 3 196 10 1,898 3 
 
 Explosives 50 15 68 20 147 44 25 8 42 13 332 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 790 10 1,639 22 3,776 50 324 4 358 5 69 1 583 8 7,538 11 
 
 Grader-scraper 44 10 94 22 175 41 14 3 15 3 86 20 427 1 
 
 Handtools (powered and 
 
 nonpowered) 738 7 1,620 16 4,661 45 1,438 14 833 8 174 2 905 9 10,370 15 
 
 Hoist-elevator 8 23 12 32 8 23 8 23 36 
 
 Many equipment 28 4 120" 18 269 39 31 4 63 9 30 4 144 21 684 1 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment . 805 15 893 16 2,653 49 265 5 297 5 90 2 419 8 5,423 8 
 
 Plant equipment 892 10 2,020 22 4,347 48 394 4 636 7 146 2 670 7 9.105 13 
 
 Pump 19 11 58 35 51 31 7 4 27 16 7 4 168 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls .. . 99 3 291 9 1,591 48 204 6 573 17 333 10 225 7 3.316 5 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 21 7 70 22 187 60 7 2 7 2 22 7 312 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine . 120 14 288 33 393 45 6 1 25 3 6 1 30 3 868 1 
 
 Truck (haulage) 979 11 2,330 26 4,353 48 349 4 239 3 53 1 816 9 9.119 13 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 106 11 157 16 508 51 28 3 75 8 78 8 38 4 989 1 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 260 9 455 16 1,182 41 473 16 243 8 22 1 270 9 2,904 4 
 
 None 533 6 928 10 3,785 41 523 6 1,338 14 1,490 16 639 7 9.235 14 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 6 3 47 24 77 40 26 14 37 19 193 
 
 Unspecified 48 7 102 15 385 55 33 5 31 5 28 4 69 10 695 1 
 
 Total 6,349 9 13,068 19 31,371 46 4,520 7 5.120 7 2.549 4 5.370 8 68.347 100 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
Table E-24.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job, company, and mining experience, by work location 
 
 27 
 
 Underground mine Surface at Surface mine 
 
 Experience, yr underground mine 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0< to <1 223 20 67 10 7,167 20 
 
 1< to «2 201 18 133 20 4,296 12 
 
 2<to«3 128 12 58 9 3,107 9 
 
 3<to<5 135 12 98 15 3,990 11 
 
 5<tO«10 175 16 122 18 7,114 20 
 
 10<to<20 136 12 141 21 5,220 15 
 
 20< 23 2 20 3 2,346 7 
 
 Unspecified 73 7 20 3 2,502 7 
 
 Total 1,094 100 658 TotT 35,742 i00~ 
 
 Median yr. . 3 NAp 4 NAp 5 NAp 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0< to <1 126 12 52 8 5,393 15 
 
 1< to <5 313 29 193 29 9,394 26 
 
 5<to<10 294 27 215 33 6,929 19 
 
 10<to«15 175 16 64 10 4,541 13 
 
 15<tO<20 101 9 92 14 3,130 9 
 
 20< to <25 55 5 28 4 1 ,548 4 
 
 25< to <30 20 2 5 1 1 ,420 4 
 
 30< 10 1 10 2 1,976 6 
 
 Unspecified 1,411 4 
 
 Total 1,094 T55 658 100 35,742 Too" 
 
 Median yr . . 7 NAp 7 NAp 7 NAp 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0<to«1 88 8 47 7 4,017 11 
 
 1< to <5 253 23 150 23 7,154 20 
 
 5<to<10 263 24 171 26 6,886 19 
 
 10< to <15 205 19 53 8 4,783 13 
 
 15<tO<20 98 9 70 11 3,488 10 
 
 20< to <25 48 4 23 4 1 ,860 5 
 
 25< to <30 20 2 1 ,624 5 
 
 30< 27 2 10 2 2,151 6 
 
 Unspecified 93 9 134 20 3,778 11 
 
 Total 1,094 100 658 100 35,742 10Cf 
 
 Median yr. . 8 NAp 7 NAp 9 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Plant or mill 
 
 Office 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 5,195 
 
 18 
 
 1,201 
 
 16 
 
 13,852 
 
 19 
 
 3,514 
 
 12 
 
 769 
 
 11 
 
 8,913 
 
 12 
 
 2,649 
 
 9 
 
 682 
 
 9 
 
 6,624 
 
 9 
 
 3,879 
 
 14 
 
 803 
 
 11 
 
 8,904 
 
 12 
 
 6,351 
 
 22 
 
 1,590 
 
 22 
 
 15,351 
 
 21 
 
 3,792 
 
 13 
 
 1,231 
 
 17 
 
 10,521 
 
 14 
 
 1,258 
 
 4 
 
 608 
 
 8 
 
 4,255 
 
 6 
 
 1,909 
 
 7 
 
 431 
 
 6 
 
 4,936 
 
 7 
 
 28,546 
 5 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 7,316 
 5 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 28,546 
 9 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 7,316 
 8 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 73,357 
 
 5 
 
 73,357 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 2,858 
 
 10 
 
 917 
 
 13 
 
 9,346 
 
 13 
 
 5,954 
 
 21 
 
 1,932 
 
 26 
 
 17,785 
 
 24 
 
 6,413 
 
 22 
 
 1,602 
 
 22 
 
 15,454 
 
 21 
 
 4,194 
 
 15 
 
 1,018 
 
 14 
 
 9,992 
 
 14 
 
 3,124 
 
 11 
 
 544 
 
 7 
 
 6,992 
 
 10 
 
 1,817 
 
 6 
 
 389 
 
 5 
 
 3,837 
 
 5 
 
 1,335 
 
 5 
 
 311 
 
 4 
 
 3,091 
 
 4 
 
 1,951 
 
 7 
 
 415 
 
 6 
 
 4,362 
 
 6 
 
 899 
 
 3 
 
 189 
 
 3 
 
 2,499 
 
 3 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 2,175 
 
 8 
 
 676 
 
 9 
 
 7,003 
 
 10 
 
 4,215 
 
 15 
 
 1,535 
 
 21 
 
 13,307 
 
 18 
 
 6,218 
 
 22 
 
 1,496 
 
 20 
 
 15,035 
 
 20 
 
 4,171 
 
 15 
 
 995 
 
 14 
 
 10,207 
 
 14 
 
 3,134 
 
 11 
 
 553 
 
 8 
 
 7,342 
 
 10 
 
 1,902 
 
 7 
 
 413 
 
 6 
 
 4,247 
 
 6 
 
 1,301 
 
 5 
 
 306 
 
 4 
 
 3,250 
 
 4 
 
 1,890 
 
 7 
 
 477 
 
 7 
 
 4,555 
 
 6 
 
 3,539 
 
 12 
 
 866 
 
 12 
 
 8,409 
 
 11 
 
 28,546 
 
 100 
 
 7,316 
 
 100 
 
 73,357 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 NAp 
 
 9 
 
 NAp 
 
 9 
 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-25.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: training received, by work location 
 
 Job training for Underground mine undlrground^ine Surface mine Plant or mill Office 
 
 yr ' Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 2,528 7 2,354 8 1,075 15 
 
 1-8 95 9 63 10 3,011 8 2,533 9 550 8 
 
 9-15 7 1 1,321 4 1,814 6 235 3 
 
 16 454 41 181 27 6,534 18 4,253 15 518 7 
 
 17-40 223 20 143 22 4,904 14 4,405 15 805 11 
 
 41-80 77 7 68 10 3,143 9 2,128 7 471 6 
 
 81-160 17 2 15 2 1,777 5 1,617 6 321 4 
 
 161+ 55 5 40 6 1,068 3 1,292 5 210 3 
 
 Unspecified 175 16 141 21 11,457 32 8,150 29 3,131 43 
 
 Total 1,094 100 658 100 35,742 100 28,546 100 7,316 100 
 
 Mean training . . h . . 55 NAp 47 NAp 44 NAp 55 NAp 47 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 5,957 
 
 6,252 
 
 3,376 
 
 11,939 
 
 10,480 
 
 5,887 
 
 3,746 
 
 2,665 
 
 23,055 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 31 
 
 73,357 100 
 49 NAp 
 
 MH 
 
28 
 
 
 Table E-26.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: age distribution, by work location 
 
 Underground mine ^ Sur * ace ^ a *- Surface mine Plant or mill Office 
 
 Age yr underground mine 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 15-20 28 3 7 1 739 2 411 1 81 1 
 
 21-23 40 4 7 1 2,022 6 999 4 321 4 
 
 24-26 45 4 62 9 2,897 8 1,816 6 435 6 
 
 27-29 130 12 53 8 3,080 9 2,564 9 603 8 
 
 30-34 266 24 94 14 4,857 14 4,477 16 1,003 14 
 
 35-39 181 17 90 14 4,568 13 4,335 15 1,003 14 
 
 40-49 191 17 210 32 7,570 21 6,803 24 1,687 23 
 
 50+ 213 19 136 21 8,748 24 6,693 23 2,022 28 
 
 Unspecified 1,261 4 449 2 160 2 
 
 Total 1,094 TOO 658 100 35,742 T6~0 28,546 100 7,316 10CT 
 
 Mean age yr. . 38 NAp 40 NAp 40 NAp 40 NAp 41 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 1,267 
 
 3,389 
 
 5,255 
 
 6,430 
 
 10,697 
 
 10,177 
 
 16,461 
 
 17,812 
 
 1,869 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 3 
 
 73,357 100 
 40 NAp 
 
 Table E-27.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: sex, race, and education, by work location 
 
 Underground mine 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Sex: 
 
 Male 1 ,073 98 
 
 Female 8 1 
 
 Unspecified 13 1 
 
 Total 1,094 Too" 
 
 White 1 ,058 97 
 
 Black 10 1 
 
 Hispanic 7 1 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 20 2 
 
 Total 1,094 100 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary .... 150 14 
 
 Some high school .... 283 26 
 
 High school diploma. . 471 43 
 
 Vocational diploma ... 103 9 
 
 Some college 55 5 
 
 College degree 20 2 
 
 Unspecified 13 1 
 
 Total 1,094 100 
 
 Surface at 
 underground mine 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Surface mine 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Plant or mill 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Office 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 630 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 658 
 
 645 
 8 
 
 
 5 
 
 658 
 
 52 
 
 108 
 
 369 
 
 83 
 
 32 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 658 
 
 96 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 34,986 98 
 384 1 
 
 372 1 
 
 27,969 
 437 
 140 
 
 98 
 2 
 
 
 3,992 55 
 
 3,289 45 
 
 35 
 
 100 
 
 35,742 100 
 
 28.546 100 
 
 7,316 
 
 100 
 
 98 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 28,993 
 
 2,563 
 
 3,094 
 
 691 
 
 402 
 
 81 
 7 
 9 
 2 
 1 
 
 23.297 
 2,518 
 
 2,157 
 404 
 170 
 
 82 
 9 
 8 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 6.855 
 
 108 
 
 202 
 
 88 
 
 63 
 
 94 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 35,742 100 
 
 28,546 100 
 
 7,316 
 
 100 
 
 16 
 
 56 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3,964 
 7,711 
 15.948 
 2,093 
 1,926 
 826 
 3,274 
 
 11 
 22 
 45 
 6 
 5 
 2 
 9 
 
 2.129 
 4,761 
 13,493 
 2,170 
 2,769 
 1.274 
 1,951 
 
 7 
 17 
 47 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 68 
 
 314 
 
 2.989 
 
 396 
 
 1.700 
 
 1,505 
 
 344 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 41 
 
 5 
 23 
 21 
 
 5 
 
 100 
 
 35,742 100 
 
 28.546 100 
 
 7,316 
 
 100 
 
 68,649 
 
 4,142 
 
 565 
 
 60,848 
 
 5,207 
 
 5,460 
 
 1.183 
 
 659 
 
 6,362 
 13,177 
 33.269 
 4,845 
 6,481 
 3,635 
 5,587 
 
 94 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 73.357 100 
 
 83 
 
 7 
 7 
 2 
 1 
 
 73,357 100 
 
 9 
 
 18 
 45 
 7 
 9 
 5 
 8 
 
 73.357 100 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
29 
 
 Table E-28.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, 
 
 Experience at .,_ 8 915 16 17 . 40 41 . 80 
 present job, yr 
 
 0< to «1: 
 
 Workers 635 1 ,595 596 998 2,661 1 ,364 
 
 pet 5 12 5 8 20 10 
 
 1< to «2: 
 
 Workers 373 646 333 1 ,474 1 ,243 884 
 
 pet 4 8 4 18 15 11 
 
 2< to <3: 
 
 Workers 531 495 255 1,165 774 467 
 
 pet 9 8 4 19 13 8 
 
 3< to <5: 
 
 Workers 808 565 456 1 ,633 1 ,061 699 
 
 pet 10 7 5 19 13 8 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 1,288 1,318 790 2,997 2,019 1,054 
 
 pet 9 9 6 21 14 7 
 
 10< to <20: 
 
 Workers 1,054 809 563 2,102 1,276 773 
 
 pet 11 8 6 22 13 8 
 
 20<: 
 
 Workers 363 303 136 999 487 248 
 
 pet 10 8 4 26 13 7 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 123 148 101 265 464 65 
 
 pet 3 3 2 6 10 1 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 5,175 5,879 3,230 11,632 9,985 5,554 
 
 pet 8 9 5 V7 ^5 8 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 by hours of training received in last 2 years 
 
 81-160 
 
 161 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 h 
 
 808 
 6 
 
 704 
 5 
 
 3,705 
 28 
 
 13,067 
 100 
 
 62 
 NAp 
 
 598 
 
 7 
 
 442 
 5 
 
 2,372 
 28 
 
 8,365 
 100 
 
 60 
 
 NAp 
 
 395 
 6 
 
 312 
 5 
 
 1,791 
 29 
 
 6,185 
 100 
 
 64 
 NAp 
 
 399 
 5 
 
 282 
 3 
 
 2,489 
 30 
 
 8,392 
 100 
 
 44 
 NAp 
 
 676 
 5 
 
 233 
 2 
 
 3,837 
 27 
 
 14,212 
 100 
 
 34 
 NAp 
 
 487 
 5 
 
 222 
 2 
 
 2,415 
 25 
 
 9,702 
 100 
 
 36 
 
 NAp 
 
 102 
 3 
 
 121 
 3 
 
 1,054 
 28 
 
 3,814 
 100 
 
 37 
 NAp 
 
 56 
 
 1 
 
 170 
 
 4 
 
 3,219 
 70 
 
 4,611 
 100 
 
 62 
 NAp 
 
 3,522 
 5 
 
 2,488 
 4 
 
 20,883 
 
 31 
 
 68,347 
 100 
 
 48 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-29.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by years of age 
 
 Experience at 15 . 20 21 _ 23 24 . 26 27 . 2g 30 . 34 35 _ 39 40 _ 49 50+ Un ,?f"f CI " 
 
 present job, yr fied 
 
 0< to <1: 
 
 Workers 826 1,539 1,788 1,615 2,299 1,571 1,980 1,088 431 
 
 pet 6 12 14 12 17 12 15 8 3 
 
 1< to <2: 
 
 Workers 211 679 920 988 1,348 1,282 1,515 1,226 195 
 
 pet 3 8 11 12 16 15 18 15 2 
 
 2< to <3: 
 
 Workers 91 376 620 753 1 ,070 995 1 ,327 875 79 
 
 pet 1 6 10 12 17 16 21 14 1 
 
 3< to <5: 
 
 Workers 30 294 757 853 1,400 1,352 1,833 1,692 181 
 
 pet 4 9 10 17 16 22 20 2 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 93 637 1,303 2,495 2,313 3,780 3,369 222 
 
 pet 1 4 9 18 16 27 24 2 
 
 10< to <20: 
 
 Workers 78 797 1,349 3,140 4,065 274 
 
 pet 1 8 14 32 42 3 
 
 20<: 
 
 Workers 19 720 3,015 61 
 
 pet 19 79 2 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 62 232 270 414 650 578 957 1,138 311 
 
 pet 1 5 6 9 14 13 21 25 7 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 1,220 3,214 4,992 6,005 9,988 9,458 15,250 16,466 1,754 
 
 pet 2 5 7 J) 15 14 22 24 3 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 
 y 
 
 13,067 
 100 
 
 33 
 
 NAp 
 
 8,365 
 100 
 
 36 
 
 NAp 
 
 6,185 
 100 
 
 37 
 NAp 
 
 8,392 
 100 
 
 39 
 NAp 
 
 14,212 
 100 
 
 41 
 NAp 
 
 9,702 
 100 
 
 48 
 NAp 
 
 3,814 
 100 
 
 55 
 NAp 
 
 4,611 
 100 
 
 40 
 NAp 
 
 68,347 
 100 
 
 40 
 NAp 
 
30 
 
 Table E-30.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
 
 _ Male Female 
 
 Experience at present job, yr — — ■ — 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 0< to <1 12,587 19 345 23 
 
 1< to «2 8,113 12 196 13 
 
 2< to <3 5,940 9 175 12 
 
 3< to <5 8,178 12 188 13 
 
 5<to«10 13,767 21 392 26 
 
 10<to«20 9,496 14 110 7 
 
 20< 3,763 6 26 2 
 
 Unspecified 4,482 7 59 4 
 
 Total 66,326 100 1,490 100 
 
 Median yr. . 5 NAp 4 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 experience at job, by sex 
 
 Un 
 
 specified 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 134 
 
 25 
 
 13,067 
 
 19 
 
 56 
 
 11 
 
 8,365 
 
 12 
 
 70 
 
 13 
 
 6,185 
 
 9 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 8,392 
 
 12 
 
 53 
 
 10 
 
 14,212 
 
 21 
 
 96 
 
 18 
 
 9,702 
 
 14 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 3,814 
 
 6 
 
 70 
 
 13 
 
 4,611 
 
 7 
 
 531 
 
 100 
 
 68,347 
 
 100 
 
 3 
 
 NAp 
 
 5 
 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-31.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by race 
 
 White Black Hispanic 
 
 Experience at present job, yr Workers pc) Worker£ pc) Workers 
 
 0<to«1 10,567 19 1,089 21 1,072 
 
 1< to <2 6,788 12 572 11 743 
 
 2< to <3 5,1 14 9 337 7 530 
 
 3<to<5 6,968 12 634 12 665 
 
 5< to *S10 11,645 21 972 19 1,284 
 
 10<to«20 8,027 14 747 15 641 
 
 20< 3,370 6 228 4 144 
 
 Unspecified 3,692 7 539 11 273 
 
 Total 56,171 10C) 5,119 100 5,353 
 
 Median yr.. 5 NAp 4 NAp 4 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 20 
 14 
 10 
 12 
 24 
 12 
 3 
 5 
 
 190 
 
 168 
 
 153 
 
 92 
 
 234 
 
 159 
 
 40 
 
 66 
 
 17 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 148 
 93 
 52 
 32 
 77 
 
 128 
 32 
 41 
 
 25 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 21 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 1,101 
 4 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 603 
 3 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 13,067 
 8.365 
 6,185 
 8.392 
 
 14,212 
 9,702 
 3,814 
 4,611 
 
 68,347 
 5 
 
 19 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-32. — Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College Unsoecified 
 
 Experience at elementary school diploma diploma college degree 
 
 present job, yr — 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 0< to <1 689 11 2,534 19 6,434 21 1,043 23 1,204 24 483 19 680 13 
 
 1< to <2 573 9 1,333 10 4,190 13 578 13 621 12 420 16 649 12 
 
 2< to <3 447 7 1,162 9 2,971 9 465 10 528 10 286 11 327 6 
 
 3< to «5 684 11 1,506 12 3,958 13 738 16 756 15 322 13 426 8 
 
 5< to <10 1,506 24 2,659 20 6,916 22 967 21 1,048 20 524 21 592 11 
 
 10<to«20 1,298 20 2,262 17 4,144 13 479 11 641 13 318 12 561 10 
 
 20< 627 10 1,009 8 1,504 5 138 3 197 4 137 5 201 4 
 
 Unspecified 526 8 603 5 1,254 4 112 2 125 2 58 2 1.933 36 
 
 Total 6,349 100 13,068 100 31,371 100 4,520 100 5.120 10C) 2.549 100 5,370 T00~ 
 
 Median, yr.. 7 NAp 5 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 13.067 
 8.365 
 6.185 
 8.392 
 
 14.212 
 9.702 
 3.814 
 4,611 
 
 19 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 68.347 100 
 5 NAp 
 
31 
 
 Table E-33.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, 
 
 Experience at ,.3 9 . 15 16 17 . 40 41 . 80 
 present company, yr 
 
 0< to <1: 
 
 Workers 485 1,223 414 328 1,716 800 
 
 pet 6 14 5 4 20 9 
 
 1< to <5: 
 
 Workers 1,211 1,022 608 2,241 2,307 1,619 
 
 pet 7 6 4 14 14 10 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 1,162 1,215 716 3,179 2,009 1,186 
 
 pet 8 9 5 22 14 8 
 
 10< to <15: 
 
 Workers 746 930 433 2,100 1,118 810 
 
 pet 8 10 5 23 12 9 
 
 15< to <20: 
 
 Workers 588 642 414 1,364 1,185 491 
 
 pet 9 10 6 20 18 7 
 
 20< to «25: 
 
 Workers 243 296 226 754 607 263 
 
 pet 7 8 6 21 17 7 
 
 25< to <30: 
 
 Workers 249 184 206 719 306 174 
 
 pet 9 6 7 25 11 6 
 
 30<: 
 
 Workers 425 353 157 848 476 198 
 
 pet 10 9 4 21 12 5 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 67 13 56 100 260 13 
 
 pet 3 1 2 4 11 1 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 5,175 5,879 3,230 11,632 9,985 5,554 
 
 pet 8 S3 5 17 15 8 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 by hours of training received in last 2 years 
 
 81-160 
 
 161 + 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 h 
 
 389 
 
 4 
 
 344 
 4 
 
 3,042 
 35 
 
 8,741 
 100 
 
 51 
 NAp 
 
 876 
 5 
 
 906 
 5 
 
 5,709 
 35 
 
 16,500 
 100 
 
 71 
 NAp 
 
 806 
 6 
 
 306 
 2 
 
 3,703 
 26 
 
 14,282 
 100 
 
 38 
 
 NAp 
 
 704 
 8 
 
 279 
 
 3 
 
 2,146 
 23 
 
 9,269 
 100 
 
 42 
 NAp 
 
 392 
 6 
 
 152 
 2 
 
 1,443 
 22 
 
 6,670 
 100 
 
 35 
 NAp 
 
 99 
 3 
 
 106 
 3 
 
 958 
 27 
 
 3,550 
 100 
 
 34 
 NAp 
 
 106 
 
 4 
 
 109 
 4 
 
 815 
 28 
 
 2,867 
 100 
 
 39 
 NAp 
 
 144 
 3 
 
 118 
 3 
 
 1,407 
 34 
 
 4,126 
 100 
 
 35 
 NAp 
 
 5 
 
 
 169 
 
 7 
 
 1,659 
 71 
 
 2,343 
 100 
 
 131 
 NAp 
 
 3,522 
 5 
 
 2,488 
 4 
 
 20,883 
 31 
 
 68,347 
 100 
 
 48 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-34.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
 
 Experience at 15 . 20 21 . 23 24 . 26 27 . 29 30 . 34 
 present company, yr 
 
 0< to <1: 
 
 Workers 805 1,442 1,368 1,046 1,315 
 
 pet 9 16 16 12 15 
 
 1< to<5: 
 
 Workers 400 1,592 2,401 2,208 2,523 
 
 pet 2 10 15 13 15 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 112 1,098 2,341 3,383 
 
 pet 1 8 16 24 
 
 10< to <15: 
 
 Workers 234 2,366 
 
 pet 3 26 
 
 15< to <20: 
 
 Workers 125 
 
 pet 2 
 
 20< to <25: 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 25< to <30: 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 30<: 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 15 68 125 177 277 
 
 pet 1 3 5 8 12 
 
 Total: " 
 
 Workers 1,220 3,214 4,992 6,005 9,988 
 
 pet 2 5 7 9 15 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 experience at company, by years of age 
 
 35-39 
 
 40-49 
 
 50 + 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 
 yr 
 
 886 
 10 
 
 946 
 
 11 
 
 545 
 6 
 
 388 
 4 
 
 8,741 
 100 
 
 31 
 NAp 
 
 2,015 
 12 
 
 2,877 
 17 
 
 1,988 
 12 
 
 496 
 3 
 
 16,500 
 100 
 
 35 
 NAp 
 
 2,528 
 18 
 
 2,683 
 19 
 
 1,945 
 14 
 
 193 
 1 
 
 14,282 
 100 
 
 37 
 NAp 
 
 2,344 
 25 
 
 2,482 
 27 
 
 1,723 
 19 
 
 119 
 1 
 
 9,269 
 100 
 
 41 
 NAp 
 
 1,412 
 
 21 
 
 3,026 
 45 
 
 2,063 
 31 
 
 43 
 1 
 
 6,670 
 100 
 
 46 
 NAp 
 
 83 
 2 
 
 1,912 
 54 
 
 1,522 
 43 
 
 34 
 1 
 
 3,550 
 100 
 
 50 
 NAp 
 
 
 
 
 681 
 24 
 
 2,175 
 76 
 
 12 
 
 
 2,867 
 100 
 
 54 
 NAp 
 
 
 
 
 131 
 3 
 
 3,957 
 96 
 
 37 
 
 1 
 
 4,126 
 100 
 
 57 
 NAp 
 
 190 
 8 
 
 512 
 22 
 
 546 
 23 
 
 434 
 19 
 
 2,343 
 100 
 
 41 
 NAp 
 
 9,458 
 14 
 
 15,250 
 22 
 
 16,466 
 24 
 
 1,754 
 3 
 
 68,347 
 100 
 
 40 
 
 NAp 
 
32 
 
 Table E-35.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by sex 
 
 Experience at Male Female 
 
 present company, yr Workers pet Workers 
 
 0< to <1 8,412 13 225 
 
 1< to <5 15,916 24 451 
 
 5< to <10 13,623 21 588 
 
 10< to <15 9,039 14 150 
 
 15< to <20 6,574 10 36 
 
 20< to <25 3,500 5 13 
 
 25< to <30 2,848 4 6 
 
 30< 4,126 6 
 
 Unspecified 2,288 3 22 
 
 Total 66,326 100 1,490 
 
 Median yr. . 8 NAp 6 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown.. 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 39 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 104 
 133 
 71 
 79 
 60 
 37 
 13 
 
 34 
 
 20 
 25 
 13 
 15 
 
 11 
 7 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 531 
 6 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 8,741 
 16,500 
 14,282 
 9,269 
 6,670 
 3,550 
 2,867 
 4,126 
 2,343 
 
 68,347 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-36.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by race 
 
 Experience at White Black Hispanic 
 
 present company, yr Workers ~pc7 "WoFkers pet Workers 
 
 0<to<1 6,929 12 751 15 807 
 
 1< to <5 13,726 24 951 19 1,449 
 
 5< to <10 11,518 21 1,154 23 1,307 
 
 10<to«15 7,547 13 792 15 578 
 
 15<to«20 5,679 10 479 9 338 
 
 20to<25 3,140 6 236 5 111 
 
 25 to < 30 2,424 4 226 4 157 
 
 30 3,512 6 268 5 289 
 
 Unspecified 1,695 3 263 5 316 
 
 Total 56,171 100 5,119 100 5,353 
 
 Median yr. . 8 NAp 9 NAp 6 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 15 
 
 27 
 
 24 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 149 
 
 225 
 
 212 
 
 238 
 
 101 
 
 30 
 
 48 
 
 43 
 
 55 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 19 
 
 22 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 106 
 149 
 90 
 115 
 73 
 33 
 12 
 13 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 15 
 
 19 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 1,101 
 9 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 603 
 
 7 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 8,741 
 16.500 
 14.282 
 9.269 
 6.670 
 3,550 
 2.867 
 4,126 
 2,343 
 
 68.347 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-37.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by education 
 
 Experience at Some Some high High school Vocational 
 
 present company, elementary scho01 di P loma di P loma 
 
 y Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 0< to <1 587 9 1,869 14 4,002 13 665 15 
 
 1< to <5 1,304 21 2,983 23 7,767 25 1,304 29 
 
 5< to <10 1,102 17 2,530 19 6,726 21 1,101 24 
 
 10< to <15 839 13 1,434 11 4,642 15 604 13 
 
 15< to <20 815 13 1,516 12 3,028 10 383 8 
 
 20< to «S25 393 6 730 6 1.715 5 209 5 
 
 25< to <30 436 7 766 6 1 ,201 4 88 2 
 
 30< 778 12 863 7 1 .587 5 97 2 
 
 Unspecified 95 2 377 3 703 2 70 2 
 
 Total 6,349 100 13,068 100 31,371 100 4,520 100~ 
 
 Median. . .yr. . 11 NAp 8 NAp 8 NAp 7 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Some 
 college 
 
 College 
 degree 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 690 
 1.214 
 1.262 
 856 
 389 
 210 
 162 
 166 
 171 
 
 13 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 297 
 
 642 
 
 682 
 
 404 
 
 200 
 
 89 
 
 52 
 
 105 
 
 77 
 
 12 
 
 25 
 
 27 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 630 
 1.286 
 879 
 491 
 338 
 205 
 162 
 530 
 849 
 
 12 
 
 24 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 8,741 
 16.500 
 14.282 
 9.269 
 6.670 
 3.550 
 2.867 
 4,126 
 2.343 
 
 5.120 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 2.549 
 
 7 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 5.370 
 
 7 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 68.347 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
33 
 
 Table E-38.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College 
 
 elementary school diploma diploma college degree 
 
 Age, yr — 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 15-20 13 1 254 21 679 56 88 7 86 7 
 
 21-23 96 3 604 19 1,671 52 244 8 225 7 44 1 
 
 24-26 182 4 886 18 2,755 55 419 8 328 7 97 2 
 
 27-29 217 4 905 15 3,164 53 638 11 447 7 199 3 
 
 30-34 439 4 1,407 14 5,363 54 733 7 946 9 476 5 
 
 35-39 504 5 1,569 17 4,370 46 744 8 1,106 12 591 6 
 
 40-49 1,596 10 3,267 21 6,833 45 893 6 1,212 8 626 4 
 
 50+ 3,240 20 3,924 24 6,059 37 621 4 716 4 450 3 
 
 Unspecified 63 4 251 14 477 27 141 8 53 3 66 4 
 
 Total 6,349 9 13,068 19 31,371 46 4,520 7 5,120 7 2,549 4 
 
 Mean age. . yr. . 48 NAp 42 NAp 38 NAp 37 NAp 38 NAp 40 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Tota 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 100 
 
 8 
 
 1,220 
 
 100 
 
 329 
 
 10 
 
 3,214 
 
 100 
 
 325 
 
 7 
 
 4,992 
 
 100 
 
 435 
 
 7 
 
 6,005 
 
 100 
 
 625 
 
 6 
 
 9,988 
 
 100 
 
 574 
 
 6 
 
 9,458 
 
 100 
 
 822 
 
 5 
 
 15,250 
 
 100 
 
 1,457 
 
 9 
 
 16,466 
 
 100 
 
 703 
 
 40 
 
 1,754 
 
 100 
 
 5,370 
 
 8 68,347 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 40 NAp 
 
 Table E-39.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, race, and education, by sex 
 
 Male Female Unspecified 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers 
 
 Age, yr: 
 
 15-20 1,186 2 28 2 6 1 1,220 
 
 21-23 3,084 5 66 4 64 12 3,214 
 
 24-26 4,853 7 101 7 37 7 4,992 
 
 27-29 5,724 9 223 15 57 11 6,005 
 
 30-34 9,667 15 268 18 54 10 9,988 
 
 35-39 9,118 14 285 19 55 10 9,458 
 
 40-49 14,845 22 325 22 80 15 15,250 
 
 50+ 16,216 24 168 11 82 16 16,466 
 
 Unspecified 1,633 2 26 2 95 18 1,754 
 
 Total 66,326 100 1,490 100 531 100 68,347 
 
 Mean age yr. . 40 NAp 36 NAp 36 NAp 40 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 54,694 82 1,316 88 160 30 56,171 
 
 Black 4,981 8 118 8 20 4 5,119 
 
 Hispanic 5,297 8 43 3 13 2 5,353 
 
 Other 1,058 2 13 1 30 6 1,101 
 
 Unspecified 295 308 58 603 
 
 Total 66,326 100 1,490 100 531 10(5 68,347 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 6,324 10 19 1 7 1 6,349 
 
 Some high school 12,840 19 134 9 94 18 13,068 
 
 High school diploma . . 30,327 46 876 59 168 32 31,371 
 
 Vocational diploma ... 4,333 7 86 6 101 19 4,520 
 
 Some college 4,894 7 203 14 23 4 5,120 
 
 College degree 2,440 4 108 7 2,549 
 
 Unspecified 5,169 8 64 4 138 26 5,370 
 
 Total 66,326 100 1,490 100 531 100 68,347 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 3 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 82 
 7 
 8 
 2 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 9 
 19 
 46 
 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 8 
 
 100 
 
34 
 
 Table E-40. — Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age and education, by race 
 
 White Black Hispanic Other Unspecified 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Age, yr: 
 
 15-20 1,049 2 61 1 91 2 7 1 
 
 21-23 2,679 5 194 4 264 5 38 3 
 
 24-26 3,999 7 268 5 549 10 114 10 
 
 27-29 4,932 9 417 8 439 8 138 13 
 
 30-34 8,283 15 702 14 750 14 167 15 
 
 35-39 7,810 14 692 14 747 14 118 11 
 
 40-49 12,402 22 1,482 29 1,050 20 247 22 
 
 50+ 13,826 25 1,259 25 1,059 20 218 20 
 
 Unspecified 1,192 2 44 1 404 8 56 5 
 
 Total 56,171 100 5,119 100 5,353 100 1,101 100 603 
 
 Mean age yr. . 40 NAp 41 NAp 39 NAp 39 NAp 37 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 4,306 8 782 15 1,218 23 31 3 13 
 
 Some high school 9,943 18 1,487 29 1,294 24 235 21 109 
 
 High school diploma . . 27,144 48 1,906 37 1,628 30 451 41 242 
 
 Vocational diploma . 3,910 7 145 3 214 4 162 15 89 
 
 Some college 4,513 8 226 4 249 5 117 11 15 
 
 College degree 2,343 4 95 2 54 1 33 3 24 
 
 Unspecified 4,012 7 479 9 696 13 73 7 110 
 
 Total 56,171 100 5,119 100 5,353 100 1,101 100 603 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 1,220 
 
 2 
 
 39 
 
 6 
 
 3,214 
 
 5 
 
 63 
 
 10 
 
 4,992 
 
 7 
 
 79 
 
 13 
 
 6.005 
 
 9 
 
 86 
 
 14 
 
 9,988 
 
 15 
 
 91 
 
 15 
 
 9,458 
 
 14 
 
 69 
 
 11 
 
 15,250 
 
 22 
 
 105 
 
 17 
 
 16,466 
 
 24 
 
 59 
 
 10 
 
 1.754 
 
 3 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 100 
 
 68.347 
 40 
 
 68,347 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 2 
 
 6.349 
 
 9 
 
 18 
 
 13,068 
 
 19 
 
 40 
 
 31.371 
 
 46 
 
 15 
 
 4.520 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 5.120 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 2.549 
 
 4 
 
 18 
 
 5,370 
 
 8 
 
 100 
 
 Table E-41.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, by 
 
 employment size class 
 
 Employment size class 1 Workers CV, pet 
 
 1-19 18,511 4~4 
 
 20-49 17,215 7.8 
 
 50-99 10,145 6.0 
 
 100-249 23,219 3.4 
 
 250-499 3,726 .8 
 
 500+ 540 5.4 
 
 All groupings 73,357 1.1 
 
 'MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the 
 primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published 
 injury statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-42.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, by job title 
 
 Job title grouping 1 Workers CV, pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ... . 2.118 7.4 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 319 11.0 
 
 Blaster 336 11.7 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 171 37.3 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 1 ,775 7.2 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 2.058 2.8 
 
 Electrician-lampman 1 .433 4.3 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 6,095 4.2 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 415 20.4 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 8.771 3.9 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 4.543 3.2 
 
 Maintenance 708 8.1 
 
 Working 2.362 5.8 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 11 ,458 2.8 
 
 Mine technical support 4.524 3.9 
 
 Office worker 5.010 5.6 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 11 ,377 1 .9 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 213 26.5 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 864 21 .2 
 
 Truck driver 8.808 3.6 
 
 All groupings 73.357 1.1 
 
 'As defined by MSHA: see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title 
 grouping. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
35 
 
 Table E-43.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, by principal 
 
 equipment operated 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 Workers CV, pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 2,228 6.6 
 
 Belt 404 9.8 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 1,616 9.7 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 485 25.8 
 
 Drill (surface) 1 ,898 4.3 
 
 Explosives 332 1 1 .4 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 7,538 4.0 
 
 Grader-scraper 427 19.8 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 10,370 3.8 
 
 Hoist-elevator 36 62.1 
 
 Many equipment 684 14.5 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 5,423 6.5 
 
 Plant equipment 9,105 1.8 
 
 Pump 168 23.9 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 3,316 4.9 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 312 18.9 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 868 20.7 
 
 Truck (haulage) 9,119 3.6 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 989 7.4 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 2,904 5.9 
 
 None 9,235 3.1 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 193 33.5 
 
 Unspecified 695 14.0 
 
 All groupings 68,347 1 .3 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-44.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, 
 
 by work location 
 
 Work location Workers CV, pet 
 
 Underground mine 1 ,094 1 1 .7 
 
 Surface at underground mine 658 16.0 
 
 Surface mine 35,742 1 .7 
 
 Plant or mill 28,546 3.1 
 
 Office 7,316 4.0 
 
 All groupings 73,357 1.1 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-45.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, by 
 
 experience at job, company, and mining 
 
 Experience, yr Workers CV, pet 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0< to <1 13,067 4.7 
 
 1< to <2 8,365 3.7 
 
 2< to <3 6,185 4.9 
 
 3< to <5 8,392 5.9 
 
 5< to«10 14,212 3.8 
 
 10< to <20 9,702 6.0 
 
 20< 3,814 8.9 
 
 Unspecified 4,61 1 15.2 
 
 All groupings 68,347 1 .3 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0< to <1 8,741 4.1 
 
 1< to <5 16,500 3.5 
 
 5< to <10 14,282 2.6 
 
 10< to <15 9,269 3.8 
 
 15<to<20 6,670 5.4 
 
 20< to <25 3,550 4.8 
 
 25< to <30 2,867 9.0 
 
 30< 4,126 9.3 
 
 Unspecified 2,343 19.2 
 
 All groupings 68,347 1.3 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0< to <1 6,577 4.3 
 
 1< to <5 12,337 3.2 
 
 5< to <10 13,951 3.6 
 
 10< to <15 9,500 3.6 
 
 15<tO<20 6,994 3.7 
 
 20< to <25 3,955 4.0 
 
 25< to <30 3,037 7.5 
 
 30< 4,269 6.6 
 
 Unspecified 7,727 8.0 
 
 All groupings 68,347 1 .3 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-46.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, 
 
 by training received 
 
 Job training for last 2 yr, h Workers CV, pet 
 
 5,175 151 
 
 1-8 5,879 12.2 
 
 9-15 3,230 9.0 
 
 16 11,632 6.3 
 
 17-40 9,985 7.1 
 
 41-80 5,554 6.5 
 
 81-160 3,522 6.6 
 
 161+ 2,488 14.2 
 
 Unspecified 20,883 7.3 
 
 All groupings 68,347 TIT 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
36 
 
 Table E-47.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, by age 
 
 Age, yr Workers CV, pet 
 
 15-20 1,220 To 
 
 21-23 3,214 3.1 
 
 24-26 4,992 4.0 
 
 27-29 6,005 4.7 
 
 30-34 9,988 2.7 
 
 35-39 9,458 3.6 
 
 40-49 15,250 2.6 
 
 50+ 16,466 4.0 
 
 Unspecified 1 ,754 19.0 
 
 All groupings 68,347 1 .3 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-48.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, 
 
 by sex, race, and education 
 
 Workers CV, pet 
 Sbx - 
 
 Male 66,326 1 .4 
 
 Female 1 ,490 6.9 
 
 Unspecified 531 25.3 
 
 All groupings 68,347 1 .3 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 56,171 1.4 
 
 Black 5,119 14.1 
 
 Hispanic 5,353 7.1 
 
 Other 1,101 15.5 
 
 Unspecified 603 31 .3 
 
 All groupings 68,347 1 .3 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 6,349 8.5 
 
 Some high school 13,068 4.0 
 
 High school diploma 31 ,371 4.1 
 
 Vocational diploma 4,520 9.7 
 
 Some college 5,120 7.7 
 
 College degree 2,549 3.9 
 
 Unspecified 5,370 15.1 
 
 All groupings 68,347 1 .3 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
37 
 
 APPENDIX F.— MINING INDUSTRY POPULATION SURVEY LETTERS 
 
 AND QUESTIONNAIRE 
 
United States Department of the Interior 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 
 2401 E STREET, NW. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 
 
 Dear Mine Manager: 
 
 The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, is requesting your help 
 in conducting a survey of the mining industry. The survey is designed to char- 
 acterize the nation's mine-worker population "by occupation, job experience, 
 training, age, and other factors. These data are necessary to accurately ana- 
 lyze the nation's mine accidents. At this time, the information sought "by 
 this survey cannot be obtained from any other source. 
 
 Your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size in your 
 industry. Although your response to this survey is voluntary, the validity of 
 the results depends upon a very high response rate. We urge you, therefore, 
 to respond as completely and accurately as possible based upon information 
 from your personnel files, management records, or direct response from indi- 
 vidual workers at your mine. 
 
 Under no circumstances will the information you provide be identified by 
 individual mine, company, or worker. The data will be used for statistical 
 purposes only and the results of the survey when analyzed with accident statis- 
 tics will be made available to the public in the form of official publications. 
 
 Instructions for completing the survey questionnaire are on the enclosed survey 
 form. Questions regarding the survey should be directed to: 
 
 Ms. Shail Butani 
 
 Bureau of Mines 
 
 5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 
 
 Minneapolis, MN 55417 
 
 Telephone: (612) 725-4500 
 
 Thank you for your time and effort. 
 
 (Note: Collect calls regarding 
 this survey will be accepted during 
 regular business hours, 8:00 a.m. to 
 4:00 p.m., Central Time.) 
 
 Sincerely, 
 
 Jrri, 
 
 Director 
 
 Enclosure 
 
United States Department of the Interior 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 
 2401 E STREET, NW. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 
 
 Dear Employer: 
 
 Recently, we wrote to you requesting your help in obtaining data for a survey 
 for the raining industry. This information will he used to produce the 
 characteristics of the nation's mine-worker population in order to analyze the 
 nation's mine accident data more accurately. We have not yet received your 
 response and have enclosed an additional survey questionnaire in case the 
 original was misplaced or did not reach you. 
 
 Because your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size 
 in your industry, we are making every effort to obtain your response to ensure 
 a true representation of those firms. Your response is strictly confidential 
 and will be used for statistical purposes only. 
 
 If you have any questions, please refer to the instructions on the first page 
 of the questionnaire or call collect, Ms. Shail Butani at 612-725-4500. If 
 you prefer, you may report your information directly by telephone. A response 
 during the next 2 weeks would be great assistance to the survey. 
 
 Thank you for your help and support in the Bureau's effort to characterize the 
 mine-worker population. 
 
 Sincerely, 
 
 / ' Director 
 
 Enclosure 
 
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