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A SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND CHARACTER OF Wl.J. 
 
 The American Hero and People's Man; ^ / 
 
 TOGETHER WITH A CONCISE 
 
 HISTORY OF THE MEXICAH WAR 
 
 Storming the Heights of Monterey. See Chip. III. 
 
 Dc.««cri])tioii «>f liae PaUIes— €=Mcui!I Ketairii orKiliecl 
 asul "t"} OBBBuaEcd — ABiccdc^es of 4«<*22. T:ayl®r aied iii- 
 cifk'a&t§ of" tiac l¥aD'— SicBiis^rkaSrle ila'aYcry ancl liii- 
 inaitily of an ABiicrican ^Wofliaasa cobbbbccIc<I ^vitli 
 llic Army — ]Waval C^peralioiBs — Sa^iietclics ot* Ihc 
 IJye.^ ©1* filiijff§-ol«i, IlrowEB, IfSs^yj l¥occls, &e,. 
 
 BY THE ONE-LEGGED SERGEAN' 
 
 ^y NEW YOR K : — N. H. BLANCH ARI)>^^ 
 EOSrON:— .T. B HALL, W rORNIIILL. 
 
 18 47. [Price 1'^'. Cent!^. 
 
 jntered asoording ^^ acl of Congress, in the year 1846, by J. B. HaU, ia the Clerli's Office of th« 
 District Coait of Massaohuseils. 
 
E4^^ 
 
 FIRE AWAY! 
 
 The Song of Ringgold's Artillerists. 
 
 The Mexican bandits 
 
 Have crossed to our shore j 
 Our soil has been dyed 
 
 With our countrymen's gore. 
 The murderer's triumph 
 
 Was theirs for a day — 
 Our triumph is coming — 
 
 So fire — fire away ! 
 
 Fire away ! 
 
 Be steady — be ready — 
 
 And firm every hand — 
 Pour your shot like a storm 
 
 On the murderous band. 
 On their flanks, on their centre, 
 
 Our batteries play — 
 And we sweep them like chaif 
 
 As we fire — fire away ! 
 Fire away ! 
 
 Lo ! the smoke-wreaths uprising. 
 
 The belciiing flames tear 
 Wide gaps through the curtain, 
 
 Revealing despair. 
 Torn flutters their banner — 
 
 No oriflamme gay : 
 They are wavering — sinking — 
 
 So fire — fire away ! 
 
 Fire away ! 
 
 'Tis over — the thunders 
 
 Have died on the gale — 
 Of the wounded and vanquished. 
 
 Hark ! hark to the wail ! 
 Long the foreign invader 
 
 Shall mourn for the day, 
 When Ringgold was summoned 
 
 To fire — fire away ! 
 
 Fire away ! 
 
 Monterey. 
 
 We were not many — we who stood 
 
 Before the iron eleet that day — 
 Yet many a gallant spirit would 
 Give half his years, if he but could 
 
 Have been with us at Monterey. 
 
 Now here, now there, the shot, it hailed 
 
 In deadly drifts of fiery spray, 
 Yet not a single soldier quailed 
 When wounded comrades round them wailed 
 
 Their dying shout at Monterey. 
 
 And on — still on our column kept 
 
 Through walls of flame its withering way : 
 Where fell the dead, the Jiving slept, 
 Still charging on the guns which swept 
 
 The slippery streets of Monterey. 
 
 The foe himself recoiled aghast, 
 
 When, striking where he strongest lay. 
 We swooped his flanking batteries past, 
 And braving full their murderous blasts, 
 Stormed home the towers of Monterey. 
 
 Our banners on those turrets wave, 
 
 Andthere our evening bugles play ; 
 Where orange boughs above their grave 
 Keep green the memory of the brave. 
 Who fought and fell at Monterey. 
 
 We are not many — we who preseed 
 
 Beside the brave who fell that day ; 
 But who of us has not confessed 
 He'd rather share their warrior rest. 
 Than not have been at Monterey ? 
 
:^ 
 
 •^ 
 
 THE MExTcAN WAR. 
 
 ^ya^/' 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 ii^roductien — Sketch of Gen. Taylor — Baith of " Grassy Lake,^^ 
 Florida, Dec. 25, 1837 — Battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la 
 Palma, May 8th and 9th, 1846 — Reflections — Caicses of Gen. Tay- 
 ior^s sncvess — Personal appearance, ^c. 
 
 The following authentic history of this distinguished American hero 
 W€ hav€ taken pains to obtain from the most reliable sources. The 
 
4 GEN. TAYLOR AND THE MEXICAN V/AU. 
 
 facts contained in it we derive directly from officers of the army vfho 
 have long served with General T. ; some of them in his own regiment 
 and at the same posts jvith him, both in the West, in Florida, and in 
 the Army of Occupation in Texas. To these material facts we have 
 also added other matters immediately connected with his life, gathered 
 from various competent sources, and which will be found exceedingly 
 interesting. 
 
 General Zachary Taylor was born, fifty-six years ago, in Orange 
 county, Virginia, and at an early age he removed, with his father's 
 family, to the then wilds of Kentucky. His youthful education was 
 confined to the advantages afforded in those times by Western frontier 
 life, and probably was not superior to that of General Jackson. 
 
 On the 3d of May, 1808, at the early age of eighteen years, young 
 Taylor was appointed a First Lieutenant in the 7th regiment U. S. In- 
 fantry. During the war of 1812-15, he served with great energy and 
 distinction. For gallant conduct in defending Fort Harrison, on the 
 Sih September, 1812, he was honored with the brevet rank of Major, 
 and well did he deserve it. He was then a young Captain, having 
 been but a short time previously promoted, and hardly four years in 
 service. He had been placed in command of this fort, in the then 
 Territory of Indiana, with only a small detachment, to defend it against 
 the attack of the British and Indians. On the evening of the day 
 above named, a little after the sunset roll-call, four guns were heard 
 at a short distance, in a direction which left no doubt that two young 
 men who had gone out a fevv hundred yards to make hay, had been 
 attacked. A portion of the Prophet's party was supposed to be in the 
 neighborhood. Captain Taylor having not more than fifteen or sixteen 
 men fit for service, waited for morning, when he sent out a small party 
 with a Corporal, to learn the facts, cautioning them against an ambus' 
 cade, as he recently did Captain Thornton. 
 
 The bodies of the young men were found, dreadfully mutilated, cold 
 and stiff, and were brought in and buried. 
 
 A communication of a threatening character was then sent in with 
 a white flag, from the Prophet's party, which satisfied Captain Taylor, 
 that he was to be attacked ; he accordingly made his preparations. 
 He personally examined the men's arms to ascertain their condition, 
 distributed sixteen rounds per man, and though just recovered from a 
 severe attack of fever, saw for himself every disposition made that the 
 •mergency required. A non-commissioned officer was ordered to walk 
 around the interior of the fort during the night, to give the alarm, if 
 ihe sentinel should not; and though it was well understood that th« 
 post could not well be defended by its small and enfeebled garrison, 
 Captain Taylor resolved not to surrender it while he lived. 
 
GEN. TA-YLOR's early LIFE, 5 
 
 About eleven o'clock at night the Captain was called from his quar- 
 ters by his orderly, and informed that the Indians had succeeded in 
 firing the lower block house. This building contained, in the lower 
 section, the property of the army contractor, and was used also as an 
 alarm post, in which a corporal and ten men were stationed. The 
 firing commenced at the same lime, and was actively kept up on both 
 sides. Captain Taylor immediately ordered the fire buckets to be 
 made ready, water drawn from the well, and the fire extinguished, 
 and at this moment it had not extended very far. 
 
 In the Captain's despatch to General Harrison, he says, from debility, 
 apprehension or other causes, his men did not obey his order with 
 alacrity, and very soon the fire reached the store room and communi- 
 cated to a quantity of whiskey ; the flames ascended to the roof, and 
 the men gave up all for lost. 
 
 The heavy fire of rifles and musketry, the yelling of hundreds of 
 savages, and above all the screams and wailings of nine or ten womeR 
 and children in the fort, were enough to confuse the bravest soldier. 
 It was also perceived, that if the block-house were burned down, the 
 barracks next to it, which made part of the fortification, would be de- 
 stroyed. 
 
 So completely had the men in the fort become disheartened, that out 
 of fifteen or sixteen who were able to fight, two of the best and stoutest 
 soldiers jumped the picket and ran away. This was a moment which 
 tested the superior qualities of Captain Taylor's mind. Any man may 
 get OR smoothly, when he has no difficulties to meet, but it is only the 
 truly great who know how to overcome them, and to rise above the 
 pressure of adverse circumstances. 
 
 The commander took his measures with promptness. He ordered a 
 party of men to mount the barrack roof, throw off that part of it on fire 
 next to the block house, and keep the gable thoroughly wet. He 
 pointed out to his men, that the building would thus be saved. While" 
 the block house was burning down, a temporary breast work was 
 erected, protecting the entrance over the ruins, which was about twenty 
 feet wide. This able arrangement being made, the destruction of the 
 block-house was of no consequence to the final defence, if attacked. 
 
 These skilful directions gave the soldiers new life; they went to work 
 with desperate energy, and by daylight, under a heavy fire, continuing 
 for eight hours, the fort was in fact safer than before. 
 . When morning came. Captain Taylor returned the enemy's shots 
 with so much spirit and effect, that they drew off, and never made 
 their appearance again while he was there. The whole of the Miamis 
 were present at this siege, and had counted on certain success. But 
 their cunning and their courage were unavailing, and Captain Taylor 
 gallantly maintained his position against a largely superior force. 
 
 It seems as if all his victories were to be won with the odds against 
 him. The communication which the gallant young officer made to 
 General Harrison on the occasion, was written in the most unpretending 
 and modest manner, and is a narrative worthy of being read. 
 
 Subsequently, he was promoted to the Lieutenant Colonelcy of the 
 1st Infantry, in which position he served until the 4th of April, 183S 
 when, by the death of CoK Morgan, he was promoted to the Colonelcy 
 
6 GEN. TAYLOU AND tHE MEXICAN W£t. 
 
 of the same corps. This regiment was serving, at the time, on ifc® 
 Upper Mississippi, and Col. Taylor was employed by the War De- 
 partment, for several years, in the difficult and responsible duties of In*' 
 dian Agent — duties which be discharged with more than ordinary skills- 
 discretion and success. 
 
 With his regiment, Col. Taylor constructed the fine fort at Prairie 
 de Chien — Fort Crawford — and occupied it till the latter part of 1837, 
 when he and his regiment were ordered to the theatre of war in 
 Florida. 
 
 Col. Taylor was assigned to the command of that portion of the army 
 in Florida operating on the westerr> shore of the Peninsula ; and imme* 
 diately on his arrival in the Territory he took up his Hne of march for 
 the swamps and fastnesses of the interior, to seek the enemy. His 
 command consisted of the 1st, 4th, and 6th regiments of infantry-^all' 
 of them reducedif however, in numbers to mere skeleton corps— and a 
 full regiment of Missouri volunteers under the gallant but ill-fated Col.- 
 Gentry. [This regiment of volunteers had been raised at the instance 
 of Corl. Benton, who pledged himself, in his place in the Senate— and 
 in terms somewhat disparaging to the volunteers and regulars who had 
 been serving in the war — that the Missouri regiment should close it ir> 
 one campaign.] After encountering innumerable difficulties, wading 
 through rivers and over miles of inundated prairies, wallowing througlT 
 bogs and morasses, and tearing his way through the closely interwoven 
 hammocks, detentions for building small picket-forts for the sick and 
 broken down men whom he was compelled to leave along his route,- 
 snd for depots of supplies— he finally arrived (about the 1st of Dec.) in- 
 the vicinity of the Grassy Lake — a great hiding place of the Indians- 
 Discovering fresh trails of the enemy, he instantly commenced a vig- 
 orous pursuit, and notwithstanding the reports that the Indians greatly 
 outnumbered his troops, he moved boldly i-nto the midst of their swamps 
 and strongholds. After many days of circuitous and fatiguing marches,, 
 in this worst of all countries ; and, though in midwinter, under a burn-- 
 ing sun,^ he finally learned that the Indians had determined to put atir 
 end to this harassing pursuit, by coming to a bold stand and resolutely 
 disputing his farther advance. To this end, they had concentrated' 
 upon what their prophet had pronounced " lucky ground," on which 
 they believed they could not be beaten ; and their leackrs were thr 
 famous Sam Jones, Alligator, and Co-ah-coo-chee or Wild Gat. 
 
 Battle of Grassy Lake, Florida, Dec. fSS, 1837^ 
 
 On the morning of the 25th of December, 1837, Col. Taylor discov-- 
 ©red that he was in the immediate vicinity of the enemy, who were 
 awaiting his approach, in a position chosen with no ordinary military 
 skill, and fortified by every practicable means. They occupied the 
 point of a dense hammock many miles in extent ; their front and one' 
 flank protected by a saw grass swamp, or quagmire, and the other flank- 
 hj m large lake^ the 0-kee-cho'bee, froto which the battle was raan^dt 
 
BATTLE OF GRASSY LAKE. J 
 
 'C'jI. Taylor had received a challenge, a few days previous, from Al- 
 ligatoi", and was lold by captured Indians that here the foe had resolved 
 to fight him to the death ; he was conscious, therefore, that a bloody 
 battle was before him, under tremendous disadvantages to his own 
 command, but this only nerved him the more resolutely to encounter 
 Jjis daring and presumptuous foe. 
 
 " For courage moanteth with occasion." 
 
 The Missouri regiment being full in numbers and panting for glory, 
 was allowed the courted honor of bringing on the engagement ; the 
 gallant 6th — which, since the war of 1812, has always won, in the 
 army, the soubriquet of" The Bloody Sixth" — was to support the Mis- 
 sourians and a small party of Delaware Indians who had volunteered 
 with them ; to the 4th — " The Old Stone Wall "—was assigned the 
 position on the enemy's flank ^ and the 1st — ^^Col. T.'s own — was held 
 in hand as a reserve, to strike at the important moment, upon the de- 
 cisive points. 
 
 The word viras given, the volunteers dashed boldly forward, with the 
 brave Gentry at their head ; a withering fire from the enemy, who laid 
 concealed among the thick bushes of the hammock, and filled the trees 
 above, greeted them the moment they arrived within rifle range, and 
 the infernal yell, from the whole horde, that accompanied it, struck 
 terror in their midst ; they staggered ; panic seized them ; they broke 
 to the rear, and dashed for dear life through the ranks of the supporting 
 regiment — the 6th. Instantly, the officers of that gallant corps threw 
 themselves in front of their companies, and advanced to the charge as 
 rapidly as the mud and cutting saw grass would permit. In this charge 
 the heroic Lt. Colonel Thompson, Capt. Vanswearinger, Lts. Brook 
 and Walker fell — the latter, the only one not killed, receiving succes- 
 sively no less than five rifle balls through his person. [These were all 
 graduates from West Point, and Walker had but just joined his regi- 
 ment.] The sergeant major of the regiment was killed ; every one of 
 its sergeants, in short, and many of its privates were either killed or 
 wounded, and of Lt. Walker's tommand of twenty men, seventeen were 
 shot down. " Remember to what regiment yozi belong!" responded 
 along the line ; they were the dying words of its chief, the christian 
 patriot and soldier, the lamented Thompson, of the 6th. 
 
 The 1st — Taylor's own — now advanced rapidly to the support ; the 
 4lh gallantly assailed the enemy in flank — the savages could not stand 
 before the steady advance and determined discipline of their adversary; 
 they were driven precipitately from their boasted "lucky ground," and 
 completely dispersed. In this "little skirmish," our troops lort one 
 hundred and twenty-eight, officers and men. Among the sla'n was 
 Col. Gentry, who fell mortally wounded while leading his regiment into 
 action — and they left him on the field ! These were the men, who, ac- 
 cording to Senator Benton's pledge, were to finish the Florida war. 
 The dying request of their gallant leader was, " Col. Taylor, spare my 
 men, in your report of this battle.'' And it was complied with, to the 
 extreme. In his official report Col. T. made every possible excuse and 
 sUowaoce for ihem — their gallant bearing in advancing towards the 
 
g GEN. TAYLOR AND THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 foe — ihe suddenness of the tremendous fire and simultaneous yellmg— 
 the raw, undisciplined condition of these troops — and the almost uni- 
 versal precedent of militia in a first severe engagement — were all dwelt 
 upon in extenuation of their flight — but even this did not satisfy them — 
 indeed, so keen and bitter was their morlificalion, that nothing could 
 have soothed them. They returned forthwith to Missouri, and there 
 held indignation meetings against Colonel Taylor, going so far, even, 
 as to make it a political matter, and got up denunciatory proceedings 
 against him in their State Legislature. But he paid no regard to their 
 impotent and unjust ravings, and the whole stigma of the affair finally 
 settled where it belonged, upon the heads of these politico-military 
 volunteers. 
 
 The battle of the 0-kee-cho-bee was the last determined stand the 
 Seminoles ever made, and it contributed greatly towards closing the 
 war. Col. Taylor used his utmost endeavors to bring them to another 
 action, but his efforts were of no avail ; they had been scattered like 
 chaff before the wind. Many, in consequence of the result of this bat- 
 tle, so unlooked for by them, surrendered themselves to Col. T. for 
 transportation to their new homes beyond " the dirty water," as they 
 call the Mississippi River. 
 
 liife of Gen. Taylor, continued. 
 
 For his gallantry at the 0-kee-cho-bee, the brevet rank of Brigadier 
 General was conferred upon Col. Taylor, and he was ordered to re- 
 lieve Major General Jesup, in the command of the entire forces in 
 Florida. General Taylor prosecuted this harassing war with great 
 rigor and success, until the Spring of 1S40, when his senior in rank. 
 Brevet Brig. Gen..Armistead, was permitted to relieve him, and he 
 was allowed to visit his friends and enjoy some little repose. 
 
 Soon afterwards he was assigned to the command of the 2d Depart- 
 ment, Western Division, and established his head quarters at Fort 
 Smith, in Arkansas, on the Choctaw line. His zeal, impartiality, and 
 energy, in a word, his conduct in the discharge of the manifold re- 
 sponsible duties of this new command, through a term of several years, 
 was so entirely satisfactory to the War Department, that when the 
 great body of the army was ordered to Texas, General Taylor, though 
 a very young general, was placed in command. 
 
 How he has sustained himself in this delicate and important trust 
 the public needs not now to be informed. His admirable discretion, 
 his nice discrimination, his unflinching firmness, his lofty patriotism, 
 his exact sense of justice, his watchfulness, zeal and promptness in the 
 discharge of the high duties assigned to him, all manifested them- 
 selves previous to his crowning glory, the brilliant victories of Palo 
 Alio and Resaca de la Palma. 
 
BATTLES OF PALO ALTO AND RESACA DE LA PALMA. , 9 
 
 Battles of Palo Alto and Reisaca de la Faloia, 
 Maj" Sth and 9th, 1846. 
 
 Of these battles it is really worth while to enter into a somewhat 
 critical examination or analysis. Very minute accounts of them have 
 been furnished to the public, through the various newspapers of the 
 country, and we have had also the official reports of them, from Genera^ 
 Taylor himself, written in his characteristic, peculiarly modest style. 
 Military men, competent to judge, have calmly pronounced these bat- 
 tles of the Sth and 9lh of May, the most gallant affairs on record, and 
 they assert that in modern times such victories have never before been 
 obtained by an army opposed to such fearful odds — both armies con- 
 sisting of disciplined troops! And if any one of those who have 
 shown themselves so disposed to underrate the services of our little 
 army, will undertake to gainsay these assertions, he will find his task 
 a bootless one. 
 
 General Taylor, in one of his reports, says, in his unassuming man- 
 ner : — "It is probable 6000 men were opposed to us, [1700] and in a 
 position selected by themselves and strongly defended with artillery." 
 The whole tenor of the General's despatches proves an anxious desire 
 not to overrate the numbers opposed to him, or the character of his vic- 
 tories; and the concurrent testimony of the officers of both armies, 
 leaves no question that on the 9lh of JVlay, the enemy had actually en- 
 gaged upwards of 7000 troops, or more than four times the number 
 opposed to them ; and it is equally certain, that their loss greatly ex- 
 ceeded in killed, wounded, and missing, 1000. Gen. Taylor accounts 
 for 400 buried by our troops in the two actions, and Col. Twiggs, in a 
 letter now before us, says, " we find in the hospitals at Matamoras 
 382 wounded soldiers and several officers, and very many wounded 
 accompanied the retreating army." This, it must be borne in mind, 
 was on the 18th of May — nine days after the battle ; and an officer 
 writes that the number buried at Matamoras between the 9th and 18th, 
 must have been several hundred. Our conviction is, that in the two 
 engagements, the enemy's loss was nearer tu-o than one thousand ; 
 and this fact is very material, as demonstrating the character of the 
 Mexican troops, and proving that an army seldom fought better. They 
 did not retreat on the night of the Sth, nor even on the 9tb, until at 
 hast one-seventh of their whole army had been either killed or wounded ; 
 or in other words, until our army had rendered kors du combat a num- 
 ber exceeding one-half of our whole army ! , 
 
 These facts prove that the Mexicans fought bravely. It is admitted 
 on all hands, that they were admirably disciplined, the flower of the 
 Mexican army — and composed of officers and men who had been en- 
 gaged in battle after battle, and had nobly earned for themselves the 
 title of Veterans. This army, commanded as has been said, by one of 
 the most gallant and accomplished artillery officers of the age, (Arista,) 
 selected its position and arranged at leisure its line of defence, com- 
 posed of three batteries of artillery, supported by five thousand infantry 
 and two thousand cavalry— whose boast is, that they are the best cavalry 
 
JO GEN. TAYLOR AND THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 in the world ; and that they are brave, daring, and the best horsernen 
 on the continent, is fully admitted. Thus posted, this army is assailed 
 by the American army only one-fourth as strong. General Taylor re- 
 ports that its artillery, with the exception of Ringgold's and Duncan's 
 eight pieces of light artillery, was parked with his immense baggage 
 train and provisions a great distance in the rear, and was only em 
 ployed in pursuing the enemy after he had been completely routed. 
 /Thus, then, the naked fad is presented to the consideration of the coun- 
 try, that our army attacked the Mexicans " strongly posted in a position 
 selected by themselves." The forces thus posted and assailed, were 
 composed of veterans, disciplined troops, four times as numerous as 
 their assailants, with a heavier train of artillery, and nearly five times 
 as many cavalry ! They fought bravely for three hours, lost one- 
 seventh of their whole number, and then were literally dispersed by the 
 bayonets of our troops — throwing their muskets at our men in the 
 spirit of desperation, and swearing that they were devils incarnate! 
 
 Such was the battle of Resaca de la Palma, and such too, was that of 
 Palo Alto on the day preceding it. To judge of this achievement, and 
 compare it with European battles, we need only ask ourselves, on what 
 occasion have 80,000 disciplined troops, strongly posted in a position 
 selected by themselves, been driven from that position, routed, and cut 
 to pieces, by 20,000? When and where, did any army thus conquer, 
 rout and completely disperse four times its number of brave arid dis- 
 eiplined troops, who fought in a manner which, under ordinary circum- 
 stances, entitled them to victory 1 When such affairs can be found in 
 modern history, we will yield to them the palm. But we know that no 
 such battles are on record ; and we desire to impress upon our country- 
 men, that our little army, under Gen. Taylor, has achieved for itself a 
 reputation, such as no other army has ever won in modern times, and 
 the scene of which will hereafter be referred to, as another Thermopyl(R. 
 On the morning following the victory, Gen. Taylor sent word to the 
 Mexicans at Matamoras, for surgeons to come and attend to their 
 wounded, and liberty for men to assist in burying their own dead. It 
 was a sad day to the American troops, — victors though they were,— 
 for the day was occupied in committing to the torn') the bodies of theii 
 brave countrymen who had been slain in battle. Among others, whose 
 loss is deeply deplored, was the lamented Ringgold. The honored dead 
 now quietly repose near the spot where they valiantly fell. Resaca de 
 la Palrna is, therefore, not only associated with the triumph of our 
 arms, but it is, also, hallowed by the graves of the heroes who there 
 met their death at the cannon's mouth. 
 
 Causes of iiJcn. Taylor's Success. 
 
 Now a few words as to the causes which produced these two vic- 
 ories. We said, when apprehensions were very general for the fate 
 of our army, we felt very certain, that Gen. Taylor had met and dis- 
 persed the entire force of the enemv, if it was not more than four times 
 at great as his oion I We knew that every officer in that little army. 
 
CAUSES OF GEN. TAYLOr's SUCCESS. II 
 
 was prepared for victory or death ; and that such being the case, and 
 knowing their men were disciplined and would certainly stand by 
 them, victory was inevitable, unless the opposing force was so great as 
 to forbid its possibility ; in which case our whole army would be cut to 
 pieces — selling their lives dearly, but never yielding. And such, too, 
 would have been their conduct, and such the result of this afifair, if the 
 opposing force had been English instead of Mexican. 
 
 To this gallantry and determination on the part of our officers, we 
 are indebted for the glorious achievements of the 8ih and 9th of May ; 
 and an examination into the killed and wounded, very certainly 
 demonstrates this fact. When in order of battle, the officers are always 
 posted with a view to their greater security, as they are required to 
 conduct the battle. Thus the company officers are immediately in the 
 rear of their men in line of battle, and the field and staff, still further 
 in the rear ; and it is admitted to be a sound calculation, that when the 
 proportion of officers to the rank and file is as one to twenty, the pro- 
 portion of killed and wounded should be one officer to every forty of 
 the rank and file, owing to the greater security of their position, in- 
 tended to preserve their lives. Now let us apply this calculation to the 
 battle of Resaca de la Palma. 
 
 In that memorable affair, the proportion of officers to the rank and 
 file, was as one to thirteen', and, therefore, according to European cal- 
 culation, the proportion of killed and wounded, should have been one 
 to twenty-six. Now what are the facts ? The total of killed and 
 wounded is one hundred and tvventy-two, of whom fifteen were com- 
 missioned officers, or one out of every eight. 
 
 Here, in a few words, the country has the means of determining 
 how it was, that 1700 American troops, drove from their selected posi- 
 tion, defeated and utterly routed, four times their number of disciplined 
 Mexican cavalry, artillery and infantry ! Here is the true cause of the 
 victories of the Sih and 9ih of May, being the most wonderfu? in the 
 history of modern warfare. Our officers fought in front of their men. 
 They literally led them to the cannon's mouth ; and as the history of 
 these battles proves, when their swords were useless, threw them away, 
 picked up the muskets and accoutrements of those who had fallen, and 
 with these, set their men an example of coolness and daring which 
 made every private in that little army feel himself a hero. When 
 officers thus lead their men up to the very mouths of the enemy's can- 
 non ; when, sword in hand, or with the bayonet, they drive the enemy 
 from their guns, and then themselves perform the work of gunners ; 
 when for hours, as was the case in our flying artillery, the officers 
 helped work the guns, and in some cases, did the duty of three pri- 
 vates — victory is certain — inevitable. Such was the character of the 
 battles of the 8lh and 9th of May — such the manner in which they 
 were won — and such the conduct of our officers. Under such circum- 
 stances, our whole army might have been destroyed ; but if not, then 
 was victory absolutely certain. We care not how exalted the character 
 of the troops opposed to them, or to what nation they belonged, in this, 
 their first fight after years of peace and the taunts of members of Con- 
 gress, it was morally and physically impossible to resist them. Hon= 
 or — unfading and perpetual honor — to General Taylor, the gallant 
 
12 GEN. TAYLOR AND THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 officers who so nobly sustained him, and to the army of heroes they 
 led to victory on the 8th and 9th of May, 1846 ; and most fortunate for 
 them and for the country was it, that we had no undisciplined volun- 
 teers or militia in those battles. We doubt not their conrage ; but no 
 undisciplined troops could have fought those fights. It would have 
 been morally impossible for any such, to have withstood the fire of the 
 enemy on those days and do what was required of our soldiers and 
 officers; and had there been any faltering — had a single battalioa 
 given way, as they most assuredly would — the enemy would have 
 been encouraged to persevere, and our whole army might have been 
 annihilated and cut to pieces. Never was the value of disciplined men 
 more triumphantly demonstrated than on these glorious occasions; and 
 since we have learned that General Taylor compels the volunteers with 
 him to receive six hours' drilling per day, and relieves them from all 
 other duties to make soldiers of them, we venture to predict that they, 
 too, when they meet the enemy, will add to the reputation of our arms. 
 " Rough and Ready " will first make them soldiers, and then win vic- 
 tories with tliem. 
 
 For his gallant conduct in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la 
 Palma, Brigadier General Taylor was honored with the brevet rank of 
 Major General, and also the thanks of Congress. He has since been 
 appointed a full Major General, under the supplemental war bill. 
 
 Gen. Taylor'!^ Personal Appcaranee. 
 
 In person, General Taylor is short and stout — (not corpulent, but 
 compact and muscular) — his complexion is very dark, with black hair 
 and eyes. He is simple in his habits, and, though always tidy, care- 
 less in his dress. He almost invariably wears citizens' apparel, with 
 very few of the military insignia,, and about a garrison would pass 
 with most strangers for a farmer of the neighborhood who had pos- 
 sessed himself of a soldier's fatigue cap. 
 
 Every thing we hear from the seat of war, seems to add interest to 
 the character of the distinguished officer in command. There is a 
 thorough republicanism in his sentiments and habits, which eminently 
 qualifies him for the responsible duties in which he is engaged ; and 
 every day seems to increase the public confidence in his military genius, 
 and sufficiency for the arduous and intricate labors which may attend 
 the campaign. ^ 
 
.a*w, «A 13 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Proclamation by the General commanding the Army of the United 
 States, to the People of Mexico — War waged only against the Mili- 
 tary Despots of Mexico — Neutrality of Citizens respected — Obliga- 
 tions of Religion and endoioment of Churches protected — List of the 
 Killed in the Battles of Palo Alto and Eesaca de la Palma. 
 
 Proclamation by Gen. Taylor, to the Mexicans. 
 
 We subjoin a proclamation issued by General Taylor to the Mex- 
 icans, announcing the war, but declaring that it is only waged against 
 the military despots who have so long trampled on the liberties of their 
 country, offering protection to the persons and property of all who are 
 neutral, and respecting the obligations of religion and the rights and 
 endowments of the churches. 
 
 Causes of the War explained. 
 
 After many years of patient endurance, the United States are at 
 length constrained to acknowledge, that a war now exists between our 
 Government and the Government of Mexico. For many years our 
 citizens have been subjected to repeated insults and injuries ; our ves- 
 sels and cargoes have been seized and confiscated, our merchants have 
 been plundered, maimed, imprisoned, without cause and without 
 reparation. At length your government acknowledged the justice of 
 our claims, and agreed by treaty to make satisfaction, by payment of 
 several millions of dollars ; but this treaty has been violated by your 
 rulers, and the stipulated payments have been withheld. Our late 
 effort to terminate all difficulties by peaceful negotiation has been re- 
 jected by the dictator Paredes, and our Minister of peace, whom your 
 rulers had agreed to receive, has been refused a hearing. He has been 
 treated with indignity and insult, and Paredes has announced that war 
 exists against us. 
 
 Neutrality of Citizens respected. 
 
 This war, thus first proclaimed by him, has been acknowledged as an 
 existing fact by our President and Congress, with perfect unanimity, and 
 will be prosecuted with vigor and energy against your army and rulers ; 
 those of the Mexican people who remain neutral will not be molested. 
 Your government is in the hands of tyrants and usurpers. They have 
 abolished your State Governments ; they have overthrown your federal 
 ponstiiution ; they have deprived you of the right of suffrage ; de- 
 stroyed the liberty of the press ; despoiled you of your arms ; and 
 reduced you to a slate of absolute dependence upon the power of a 
 
14 GEN. TATLOR AND THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 military dictator. Your army and rulers extort from the people, by 
 grievous taxation, by forced loans and military seizures, the very 
 money which sustains the usurpers in power. Being disarmed, you 
 were left defenceless, an easy prey to the savage Camanches, who not 
 only destroy your lives and property, but drive into a captivity more 
 horrible than death itself, your wives and children. It is your military 
 rulers who have reduced you to this deplorable condition. It is these 
 tyrants and their corrupt and cruel satelites, gorged with the people's 
 treasure, by whom yoa are thus oppressed and impoverished, some of 
 whom have boldly advocated a monarchical Government, and would 
 place a European prince upon the throne of Mexico. We come to ob- 
 tain a reparation for repeated wrongs and injuries — we come to obtain 
 indemnity for the past, and security for the future — we come to over- 
 throw the tyrants who have destroyed your liberties — but we come to 
 make no war upon the people of Mexico, nor upon any form of free 
 government they may choose to select for themselves. It is our wish 
 to see you liberated from despots, to drive back the savage Camanches, 
 to prevent the renewal of their assaults, and to compel them to restore 
 to you from captivity your long lost wives and children. Your religion, 
 your altars and churches, the property of your churches and citizens, 
 the emblems of your faith and its ministers, shall be protected and re- 
 main inviolate. Hundreds of our army and hundreds of thousands of 
 our people are Catholic. In every state, and in nearly every city 
 and village of our Union, Catholic churches exist and the priests per- 
 form their holy functions, in peace and security, under the sacred 
 guaranty of our constitution. We come among the people of Mexico 
 as friends and republican brethren, and all who receive us as such 
 shall be protected, whilst all who are seduced into the army of your 
 dictator shall be treated as enemies. We shall want nothing from you 
 but food for our army, and for this you shall always be paid in cash 
 the full value. It is the settled policy of your tyrants to deceive you 
 in regard to the policy and character of our government and people. 
 These tyrants fear the example of our free institutions, and constantly 
 endeavor to misrepresent our purposes, and inspire you with hatred for 
 your republican brethren of the American Union. Give us but the 
 opportunity to undeceive you, and you will soon learn that all the rep- 
 resentations of Paredes were false, and that they were only made to 
 induce you to consent to a despotic Government, 
 
 In your struggle for liberty with the Spanish monarchy, thousands 
 of our countrymen risked their own lives and shed blood in your de- 
 fence. Our own Commodore, the gallant Porter, maintained in triumph 
 your flag upon the ocean, and our Government was the first to ac- 
 knowledge your independence. With pride and pleasure we enrolled 
 your name on the list of independent republics, and sincerely desired 
 that you might in peace and prosperity enjoy all the blessings of free 
 government. Success on the part of your tyrants against the army of 
 the Union is impossible ; but if they could succeed, it would only be 
 to enable them to fill your towns with their soldiers, eating out your 
 substance and harassing you with still more grievous taxation. Ai 
 ready have they abolished the liberty of the press, as the first step 
 towards the introduction of that monarchy, which it is their real pur* 
 
LIST 05* KILLED At PALO ALTO AND RESACl.DE l/A PALMA, 15 
 
 pose to proclaim and establish. Mexicans, we must treat as enemies 
 and overthrow the tyrants who, while they have wronged and insulted 
 us, have deprived you of liberty, but the Mexican people who remain 
 neutral during the contest shall be protected against their military dea- 
 pota by the republican army of the tJnion. 
 
 Zachary Tai?loe, Major General, 
 
 U. S. A. Commanding. 
 
 ISeturns of the Killed at the Battles of Palo Alto 
 and Resaea de la Palma. 
 
 We are indebted to the politeness of the surgeon general of the army, 
 says the Union, for the following explanation and returns. The public 
 prints have been impatient, and even importunate for the information. 
 It gives us satisfaction to be able to supply it. 
 
 Perhaps it may reach the families of the deceased, who may still be 
 ignorant of his destiny. At all events, it is a respectful tribute due to 
 the memory of the brave soldiers who have fallen in the service of their 
 country. 
 
 Surgeon General's Office, ) 
 July 18, 1846. ( 
 To the editor of the Union :— 
 
 Dear Sir, — I am enabled, from the returns in this office, to comply 
 but partially with the request contained in your note of this day's date. 
 Inclosed herewith I send you a list of the private soldiers who were 
 mortally wounded in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, 
 and who expired on the days of the battles, or have since died of their 
 wounds. 
 
 The names of the men who were killed outright, or who did not 
 come under the observation of the surgeons, have not been reported to 
 the Surgeon General's Office. 
 
 I have the honor to be, tery respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 Thomas Lawson. 
 
 LIST 
 
 Of the private soldiers who were mortally wounded and expired on the days of the 
 Battles of Palo Alto and Reseca de la Palma—or died of their wounds soon 
 thtreafter. 
 
 Names. 
 William Atherton, 
 Lewis H. Tucker, 
 George Bates, 
 Charles Wilson, 
 Frederick Papae, 
 James Manning, 
 Thomas Cantwell, 
 
 Martin, 
 
 . Eichler, 
 
 Owen Hawkins, 
 James Morgan, 
 William B. Fuller, 
 ^br Forsyth, 
 
 Rank. 
 Private, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Sergeant, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Private, 
 
 Regiment. 
 2d Dragoons, 
 do. 
 do, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 1st Artillery, 
 2d do. 
 2d do. 
 3d do. 
 4th do. 
 do. 
 
 Diedi 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 May 9, At R. de la Palma. 
 
 do. do 
 
 do. do. 
 
 do. dOi 
 
 do. do. 
 
 do. do. 
 
 do. At Palo Alto. 
 
 May 19, At Point Isabel. 
 June 5, do. 
 
 March 10, At R. de la Palms. 
 March 8, At Palo Alto. 
 March 9, do, 
 
 do. do, 
 
16 
 
 GEN. TAYLOR AND THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 Matthew Nldy, 
 Charles Marsland, 
 George Chisholra, 
 Phillip Lee, 
 Orlando Pierce, 
 Robert Matthews, 
 Daniel McDardie, 
 . Eldridge, 
 
 James Stockley, 
 Weigart Horace, 
 
 Francis, 
 
 . Anthony, 
 
 Fisher, 
 
 Mullen, 
 
 Hunt, 
 
 Hart, 
 
 Wallace, 
 
 Farrell, 
 
 Haddox, 
 
 Lewis, 
 
 Murray, 
 
 . Waldron, 
 
 ■ Patton, 
 
 . Albertson, 
 
 ' ■ ■ ■ Shermaker, 
 
 Artificer, 
 
 Serg't Maj. 
 
 Private, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Sergeant, 
 
 Private, 
 
 do. 
 Musician, 
 Sergeant, 
 Corporal, 
 Private, 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 3d Infantry, 
 
 do. 
 4th Infantry, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 5th Infantry, 
 7th Infantry, 
 8th Infantry, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 March 8, 
 March 9, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 June 10, 
 May 10, 
 May 8, 
 
 do. 
 May 9, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 May 10, 
 
 do. 
 May 21, 
 June 6, 
 June 11, 
 June 14, 
 June 15, 
 June 24, 
 June 12, 
 June 27, 
 
 At R. de la Palma. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 At Palo Alto. 
 At R. de la Palma 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 At Point Isabel. 
 At R. de la Palma 
 At Fort Brown. 
 At Palo Alto. 
 At R. de la Palma. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 At Point Isabel. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 The Storming of Monterey — The Forts taken — Mexicans repjilsed and 
 driven back toith great loss ; their own guns being turned against 
 ikem — Particulars of the Fighting — Desperate resistance of the 
 Mexica?iSy a7id extraordinary courage of the American troops. 
 
 The Battles at ITIonterey. 
 
 The gallant assault and capture of Monterey, by General Taylor'* 
 forces, will relieve the anxiety felt for the result, and give high satis- 
 faction to the country. It was bravely done — and is a more brilliant 
 achievement than either of the victories of May. A city with so many 
 natural advantages for defence, and so thoroughly fortified, garrisoned 
 by 10,000 troops, to be stormed and carried by 6,000, is an instance of 
 daring and success, of which we know no parallel in modern warfare. 
 It appears, too, that the volunteers showed all the steadiness of veterans, 
 and proved that we can rely with security upon the citizen as well as 
 the regular soldier, in time of need. The fights must have been severe, 
 or the liberal terms allowed would not have been granted ; and the ex- 
 traordinary average of killed and wounded — one twelfth, shows that 
 it was no child's play, to storm and carry so many and so well fortified 
 points. 
 
 The several battles at Monterey were fought between the 19th and 
 94th of September. 
 
BATTLES AT BIONTEREIT. 17 
 
 We give below a very full and accurate account of the whole aflair. 
 
 After reconnoitering the city at about 1500 or 1600 yards from the 
 Cathedral Fort, during which time he was fired upon from the bat- 
 teries, his force was encamped at the Walnut Springs, three miles 
 short of the city. 
 
 This was the nearest position at which the army could obtain a 
 supply of water, and beyond the enemy's batteries. , 
 
 The reniainder of the 19ih was occupied by the engineers in making 
 reconnoisances of the city batteries commanding the heights. 
 
 On the 20lh, General Worth was ordered with his division to move 
 by a circuitous route to the right, to gain the Saltillo road, beyond the 
 west of the town, and to storm the heights above the bishop's palace — < 
 which vital point to the enemy appeared to have been strangely neg" 
 lected. 
 
 Circumstances caused his halt on the night of the 20th, short of the 
 intended position. On the morning of the 21st he continued his route, 
 and after encountering a large body of the enemy's cavalry and infantry 
 supported by artillery from the heights, he repulsed them with loss, 
 and finally encamped, covering the passage of the Saltillo road. 
 
 It was then discovered, that besides the fort at the bishop's palace, 
 and the occupation of the heights above it, two forts on commanding' 
 eminences on the opposite side of the San Juan River, had been forti- 
 fled and occupied. 
 
 These two latter heights were fhen stormed and carried ; the guns 
 of the last fort that was carried being immediately turned with a plung- 
 ing fire upon the bishop's palace. 
 
 On the same morning, (the 21st,) the first division of regular troops 
 under General Worth, and the volunteer division under General Butler, 
 were ordered underarms to make a diversion to the left of the town in 
 favor of the important operations of General Worth. The 10 inch mor- 
 tars and two 24 pound howitzers had been put in battery the night of 
 the 20th, on a ravine 1400 yards distant from the cathedral fort or 
 citadel, and were supported by the fourth regiment of infantry. 
 
 At 8, A. M. on the 21st. the order was given for battery to open on 
 the citadel and town. And immediately after the first division, with the 
 third and fourth infantry in advance, under Colonel Garland, was or* 
 dered to reconnoitre and skirmish with the enemy on the extreme left 
 of the city, and should prospect of success ofTer, to carry the most ad- 
 vanced battery. 
 
 A heavy fire from the first battery was immediately opened upon 
 the advance, but the troops soon turned it, entering and engaging with 
 the enemy in the streets from the city, having passed through an inces* 
 sant cross fire from the citadel and the first and second batteries, and from 
 the infantry who lined the parapets, streets and house tops of the city. 
 
 The rear of the first battery was soo-n turned, and the reverse fire of 
 the troops through the gorge of the works, killed or dislodged the artil- 
 lery and infantry, and the building occupied.by the infantry immediately 
 in its rear. 
 
 The first division was followed and supported by the Mississippi, 
 Tennessee and Ohio regiments. 
 
 The two former regiments being the first to scale and occupy the fort, 
 the operations of the day stopped. 
 
18 GEN. TATLOB and THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 The Mississippi, Tennessee and Ohio regiments, though warmly en* 
 gaged in the city for some time after the capture of the first battery and 
 its adjoining defences, were unable, from exhaustion and the loss they 
 had sustained, to gain more advantage. 
 
 A heavy shower of rain also came up to eause a suspension of hos« 
 tilities before the close of the day. 
 
 Two 12 pounders, one 4 pounder, and one howitzer were captured in 
 this fort, three officers, and some twenty or thirty men taken prisoners. 
 One of the 12 pounders was served against the second fort, and de» 
 fended with captured ammunition during the remainder of the day by 
 Captain Ridgley. 
 
 The storming parties of General Worth's division also captured twro 
 9 pounders, which were also immediately turned against their former 
 owners. 
 
 On the morning of the 22d, General Worth continued his operations, 
 and portions of his division stormed and carried successfully the heights 
 above the bishop's palace. Both were carried by a command under 
 Captain Vinton, 2d Artillery. 
 
 In these operations the compaay of Louisiana troops, under Captain 
 Blanchard, performed effective and gallant service, and a part of Cap* 
 tain Vinton's command. 
 
 Four pieces of artillery, with a good supply of ammunition, were 
 captured in the bishop's palace this day, some of which were imme- 
 diately turned upon the enemy's defeTices in the city. 
 
 On the evening of the 22d, Colonel Garland and his command was 
 relieved as the garrison of the captured forts, by General Quitman, 
 with the Mississippi and Tennessee regiments and five companies of 
 the Kentucky regiment. 
 
 Early on the morning of the 23d, General Quitman from his posi* 
 lion discovered that the second and third forts and defences east of the 
 city had been entirely abandoned by the enemy, who, apprehending 
 another assault on the night of the 22d, had retired from all their de^ 
 fences to the main palace and its immediate vicinity. 
 
 A command of two companies of Mississippi and two of Tennessee 
 troops were then thrown into the streets to reconnoitre, and soon be* 
 came hotly engaged with the enemy. 
 
 These were soon supported by Colonel Wood's regiment of Texas 
 Kangers, dismounted; by Bragg's light battery and third infantry, who 
 kept upon the enemy's fort a constant and uninterrupted fire from the 
 streets, house tops, barricades, &c., &c., in the vicinity of the palace. 
 The pieces of Bragg's battery were also used with much effect far into 
 the heart of the city. 
 
 This engagement lasted the best part of the day. Our troops hav* 
 ing driven the scattered parties of the enemy, and penetrated quite to 
 the defences of the main Placea, the advantage thus gained it was not 
 considered necessary to hold, as the enemy had permanently abandoned 
 the city and its defences, except the main Placea, its' immediate vicin* 
 , ity, and the cathedral fort or citadel. 
 
 Early in the afternoon of the same day. General Worth assaulted 
 from the bishop's palace, west side of the city, and succeeded in drir* 
 
Illlll,?.".!,, 
 
20 GEN. TAYLOR AND THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 ing the enemy and maintaining his position within a short distance of 
 the mail) Placea on that side of the city, toward evening. 
 
 The mortar had also been planted in ihe cemetery enclosure, and 
 during the night did great execution in the circumscribed camp of the 
 Placea. Thus ended the operations of the 23d. 
 
 Early on the morning of the 24lh, a communication was received by 
 General Taylor from General Ampudia, under a flag, making an offer 
 of capitulation, to which the former refused to accede, as it asked more 
 than he could grant, under any circumstances. At the same lime 
 Generdli Taylor demanded a surrender of the town and the Mexican 
 troops, and gave General Ampudia till 12 o'clock, to consider of it. 
 After several other offers by Ampudia, and refusals by General Taylor, 
 the latter broke off ihe conference, saying that he would give the Mex- 
 ican commander one hour to accept or refuse. 
 
 Before the expiration of the hour, however, an officer was sent by 
 Geneial Ampudia to inform General Taylor that, to prevent a furiher 
 effusion of blood, the national honor being satisfied by the exertions of 
 the Mexicans in defending the place, he had, after consulting with his 
 general officers, decided to capitulate. 
 
 The terms of capitulation were in effect as follows : That the Mex- 
 ican officers should be allowed to march out with their side arms ; that 
 the cavalry and infantry.be allowed to march out with their arms and 
 accoutrements; that the artillery should be allowed to march out with 
 one battery of six pieces and iwenty-one rounds of ammunition ; that 
 all other munitions of war and supplies should be turned over to a 
 board of American officers appointed to receive them ; that the Mexican 
 army should be allowed seven days to evacuate the city; and that the 
 American troops should not occupy it until evacuated ; that the cathe-- 
 dral fort, or citadel, should be evacuated at 10, A. M., next day, the 
 25th ; the Mexicans then marching out, the American garrison march- 
 ing in; that the Mexicans should be allowed to salute their flag, when 
 hauled down ; that there should be an armistice of eight weeks, during 
 which time neither army should pass a line running from the Ran- 
 conada through Linares and San Fernando. This lenient offer of the 
 American General was dictated with the concurrence of his generals^ 
 and by motives of good policy. This consideration was due to the 
 good defence of their city by the Mexican army. 
 
 [Among the arms and munitions captured at Montorey wrre the following :-" 
 Park of Artillery, (Division of the North,) 25 piecea of artillery, 'J unserviceable. 
 Arms for Infantry and Cavalry — 778 fire arms, and 43 lances. Munitions for In- 
 fantry and Artillery — 1211 cannon balls (in pile), 444 twelve-pound cartridire and 
 eight-pound cannister shot, and 40 rounds common shot, besides a considerablff 
 list of every variety of ammunition for this branch of service ; consiating of 4223 
 pieces, and 1!»,200 lbs. of powder, with a long list of tools, «tc. The Park of Ar- 
 tillery, (Post of the Citadel,)— 60,000 musket cartridges with ball, 15 portfires, 
 6 Arobas slow matches, (150 lbs.,) 8 pieces of ordnance, ,5400 articles of Arlillery 
 ammunition, balls, cartridges, cannister shot, &c. &c. The above were formally 
 delivered up by the enemy ; since then, immense quantities have been found 
 eoncealed. There were provisions enough in the city to supply its inhabitant* 
 and the army a whole month.] 
 
 y' 
 
BATTLES or MONTEREY. 21 
 
 Ante of Ihc McAicans,^Aiiicmaii toiirag^e. 
 
 Bishop's Palace, Monterey, ) 
 
 f. ^, ^, . . Mexico, September 24. J 
 
 Oenflemen,--Th,s is the fourth day since the battle of Monterev 
 ^on.nc-nced. On the 20th, at noon, General Worth march d from hi 
 .amp east of the tovvn in the direction of the heights ue of theTown 
 McCullo.gh s and 0-'..esp,e's companies of rangers f„rmin<r the recon ' 
 «o,termg party. At night the division bivonaAed ain.o l^tith^^he 
 range of the guns stationed upon the highest point of theTill on ,^hich 
 the bishops palace ts situated. At dajlight on the 2111 the conn 
 was agam tn motion, and in a few moments was turnfn. the no n o a 
 mige which protruded out toward the enemy's guns, brinainjusa^ 
 
 t,ut of Thfr'"'"' '"T^ •'" '"^^'"'"^^ " S''S'' ^"^ "«^ far enough to be 
 ^ut of the range of their guns, which still played upon us Another 
 ndge lay about three-fourths of a mile beyond the first around the ter 
 T r u \^"u '^" '"^^ ^^«""'^' bringing it under the lofty urn r 
 
 th^ X a bod! of M • ^^'" ^'r ^''^ '^ '^' ^«J"'"" approached 
 xnis ndge a body of Mexican cavalry came dashing around he noint 
 to charge upon our advance. Captain Gillespie inTmediatelv oXed 
 
 evidT:,'! Y:'^'''"' =^"^ I^'^^^ ^h^-^^'^'<^^ in^mbuTh The enemy 
 «D he VpI "'' ^'''T' 'K' •^«"<^-re. but the tr.oment they came 
 
 num r of them'^'M r'u ''l? ^ "^^^ ^^^^^'^^ ^^'^ unsaddling a 
 €antain V F i McCollough's company now dashed into them - 
 l^aptam C. F. Smith's camp, and Captain Scott's camp of artillerv 
 (acting as infantry) and Lieutenant Longstreet's company of the rTk 
 
 ^"pon'tifj :;! ;""'^^ ^^^^-^ °^ ^'^ --^ re,i.ej:fz:i 'iii^, 
 
 finmf tn'^r'"? ^'■^^^.'r". '"^'^ ^^on engaged with them, in a sort of 
 tiand to hand skirmish, m which a number of the enemy fell and on. 
 
 Ion th ''^•^"l-'T ""'"'^^'^- C°'°"^J I>""^-" now^op ned upon 
 «pon them wnh h.s battery of light artillery, pouring a few^discharoe" 
 of grape among them, and scattering them like chaff X.lr I ^ 
 and horses fell under this destructive^fire I aw one^horl a d rTer 
 
 stTp' "tTo tt'"^° ^'^ "■^' ?"' ^"^'^ ^^" ^-^ -"t-b^d down he 
 steep. The foo companies above named then rushed up the steeo and 
 
 IhomlZer' "'^fr '^' "'^^'^^'"^^ ^"^-y- - considlable b?dy of 
 
 ATouTthirrTl'^ ^'''" '" ^'^^^ "^°""^ '^' P°'""' of t!^« hill. ^ 
 
 them a antai 1 'T'^ ^'^^ .^'"^^ '" ^^'^ ^^'^'^"^'^f^' -"^ a"^-"& 
 mem a captain, who, with two or three others, fell in the road Thl 
 
 fo?erad""H:7"'t ^" ,^? P^^^f' '^« ^-^ ^hot 'hUting him 'in^': 
 le rn ht name Ih ^r"^"^^ '' '^'^'''' ^"^ ^ ^'^ ^^^^^ ^I^«^ I <^«'^"o 
 Lieutenant Macki ^^ ''';"'' °"' °' ^^'^'^*^ '^ commanded by 
 .nTthr K ^^'*'^"' ^^''e "ow drawn up, on the slope of the ridee 
 and the howitzers opened upon the heights of Pala/e Hill A ffw 
 
22 OEN. TAYLOR AND THE MEXICAN WaK, 
 
 shells only were thrown before the enemy commenced firing witTi s 
 9 pounder from the height immediately over the right of the columnr 
 aiming at Duncan's batteries. The several regiments took position, 
 and a few more shells were thrown towards Palace Hill, but did noex" 
 ecution. 
 
 The 9 pounder continued to throw its shot, with great precision, at 
 our batteries, one ball falling directly in the midst of the pieces, but 
 fortunately hitting neither men nor guns. Finding his batteries thus 
 exposed, and unable to effect anything, Colonel Duncan removed his 
 command to a ranche about a half a mile furtlier up the Salirllo road, 
 where General Worth took up his position, after ordering the foot 
 regiments to form along the fence, near the point of the ridge. The 
 artillery battalion, 5ih, 7ih and 8th infantry, the Louisiana volunteers 
 remained in this position about two hours, directly under the fire of the 
 enemy's guns, (now two.) The balls fell directly in their midst alJ 
 this time without wounding a man T 
 
 To begin with, the Mexicans manage their artillery in battery a» 
 well as the Americans do — this I believe is now conceded by every 
 officer. At half-past ten the column moved toward's the General's po- 
 sition. At this time, Captain McKavett, of the 8th infantry, was shot 
 through the heart by a nine pound ball, and a private of the 5ih infan* 
 try was so severely wounded in the thigh, that he died the next morn" 
 ing. About fifty Mexicans now appeared upon the hill side, over the 
 moving column, and fired at our troops some hundred musket shot, 
 without doing any harm. 
 
 The division deployed into the positions pointed out^ and remained 
 an hour or two, when Captain C. F. Smith, of the artillery battalion^ 
 with two companies, (his own and Captain Scott's.) and four com-- 
 panies Texan Rangers on foot, were ordered to storm the second heights 
 This the gallant officer cheerfully undertook, and was followed with 
 enthusiasm by the officers and men of his command. It was consid' 
 ered on all sides to be a most dangerous undertaking, and this pari 
 was considered most emphatically a forlorn hope. That the height 
 would be taken no one doubted, but that many brave fellows would fall" 
 in the attempt, seemed inevitable. The distance to be climbed after 
 reaching the foot of the hill, was about a quarter of a mile ; a part of 
 the way was almost perpendicular and through thorn bu?hes and over 
 sharp pointed rocks and loose sliding stones. 
 
 The 7lh infantry, commanded by Captain Miles, was ordered to sup- 
 port Captain Smith's parly, and by marching directly to the foot of the 
 height, arrived before Captain Smith, who had been ordered to take a 
 circuitous route. Captain Miles sent up Lieutenant Gantl with a de- 
 tachment of men, upon the hill side, to divert the attention of the enemy, 
 from Captain Smith's command, which could not yet be seen. The 
 7th had already siislainnd a heavy fire of grape and round shot, as they 
 forded the San Juan, ivlilch winds around the fool of the height, which 
 fell like a shower of hail in their ranks, without killing a man. Lieu- 
 tenant Gantl's parly were greeted with grape and round shot, whicb 
 cut the shrubs and tore up the loose stones in the ranks without killing 
 any one ; but the gallant young officer came within an inch of being 
 killed by a cannon ball; which raked down the steep and filled bi» 
 &ice with fragments of rock, dust and grarel 
 
BATTLES or MONTEREY. 
 
 Storming of the Heights at Monterey. 
 
 The i.re was accompanied by a constant discharge of musketry, the 
 enemy covering the upper pari of the hill side, but the detachment con- 
 tinned to move up, driving the Mexicans back, until they were recalled. 
 Captain Smith's party now arrived and moved up the hill, the Rangers 
 in advance, and did not hall for an instant until the Mexicans were 
 driven from the summit. Whilst this was going on, Colonel Persifor 
 F. Smith, who commanded the 5ih and 7ih infantry — the 5ih, with 
 Blanchard's Louisiana boys, under Major Martin Scott, had been or- 
 dered to support the whole — gave orders for these commands to pass 
 around on each side and storm the fort which was situated about half a 
 mile back of the sunnmit on the same ridge and commanded the bishop's 
 palace. 
 
 Such a foot race as now ensued has seldom if ever been seen; the 
 Louisiana boys making the tallest kind of strides to be in with the fore- 
 most. Captain Smith had the gmi, which he took upon the height, run 
 down towards the breastworks and fired into it. Then came Colonel 
 P. F. Smith's men, with a perfect rush, firing and cheering— the 5ik 
 and 7ih and Louisianians reaching the ridge above nearly at the same 
 time. The Mexicans fired at ihem with grape, but it did not save 
 
214 GEN. TAYLOR AND THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 f'A 
 
 ihem, or caiipe an instant's hesitation in our ranks. Our men run nnd 
 fired, and cheered, until ihey reached the work, the foremost entering 
 at one end, whilst the Mexicans, about 1,000 in number, left the other 
 in retreat. 
 
 The colors of the 5lh infantry were instantly raised, and scarcely 
 were they up before those of the 7th were alongside. The three com- 
 mands entered the fort altogether, so close was the race — the 5lh, 
 however, getting an advance in first. J. W. Miller, of Blanchard'u 
 con)pany, was among the first four or five who entered. The three 
 commands may be said to have come out even in the race, for the 7ih 
 was not five seconds behind. In less than five minutes the gun found 
 n the fort was thundering away at the bishop's palace ! More ammu 
 nition was found than our troops will use with the three guns that 
 were captured. One of the guns was found concealed. They are 9 
 wound brass pieces. 
 
 Bishop's Palace, Monterey, 
 
 September 24, 1846. 
 
 Gentlemen, — I date both my letters on the same day, because I am 
 obliged to foot up the news of the last four days, having had no writing 
 materials along. Even now, though I write in a palace, I am obliged 
 to hold the sheet of paper in one hand on my knee, for want of a desk. 
 But I have no time for extra remarks — a chance ofTers to send you 
 the news, and I must hurry to give you a glance at what has been 
 done here, before the express goes off. 
 
 On the morning of the 21st, Colonel Childs, of the artillery battalion, 
 with three of his companies — one commanded by Captain Vinton, 
 another by Captain J. B. Scott, and the third by Lieutenant Ayers — 
 and three companies of the 8th infantry — company A, commanded^by 
 Lieutenant Longstreet and Lieutenant Wainwright ; B company, 
 Lieutenant Holloway, commanding, and Lieutenant Merchant; D 
 company, Captain Scrivner and Lieutenant Montgomery — was ordered 
 lo take the summit of Palace Hill. 
 
 The Colonel left camp at 3 o'clock, A. M. and climbed the mountain 
 through the chaparal and up the steep rocks, with such secrecy that, 
 at daybreak, he was within one hundred yards of the breast-work of 
 sand-bags before he was discovered. The Mexicans poured their mus- 
 ketry into them, but they rushed up the precipice, and soon had the 
 place. Three of the artillery men, having rushed ahead too fast, found 
 themselves in the hands of the Mexicans. They surrendered ; the 
 Mexicans took their muskets, and shot them down with the very pieces 
 ihey had given up. I saw the poor fellows lying there. 
 
 I have but a few moments left to write in, and must therefore defer 
 the particulars of the storming of the palace until I have more time. 
 Colonel Stamford went up at daylight with the balance of the Sih, and 
 Major Scott led up the 5ih. The Louisiana boys were on the hill with 
 the 5ih, at 8 o'clock A. M. One of Duncan's howitzers, in charge of 
 Lieutenant Kowland, was dragged up, or rather lifted up, and opened 
 on the palace, which was filled with troops. The Mexicans charged 
 on the howitzer, but were driven back. A constant firing was kept up 
 for several hours, particularly by Blanchard's men, who left a dozea 
 Mexicans dead upon the hill side. 
 
MONTEREY. •«^"*'^ '^'^ 2S 
 
 At length a charge was ordered, and our men rushed down upon the 
 palace, entered a hole in a door that had been blocked up but opentd by 
 the howitzer, and soon cleared llie work of the few Mexicans v tio re- 
 mained. Lieutenant Ayers was the lucky one who first reached the 
 halyards and lowered the flag. One 18 lb. brass piece, a beautiful 
 article, manufactured in Liverpool in 1842, and a short brass \?. pound 
 howitzer, were captured, with a large quantity of anitnuniiion, and 
 some muskets and lances. 
 
 The fort adjoining the palace walls is not completed, but is very 
 neatly constructed as far as it is built. The killed on our side in tak- 
 ing the palace is seven — wounded twelve. Lieutenant VVainwrighl 
 was wounded in the side and arm by a musket ball, but will soon re- 
 cover, it is hoped. Mr. John Francis, of New Orleans, belonging to 
 Blanchard's company, was killed. I will give a full account of this 
 affair at another time. Colonel Childs, Captain Vinton, Captain 
 Blanchard, Lieutenant Longslreet, Lieutenant Clark, (Adjutant of the 
 8th,) Lieutenant Ayers, Lieutenant McCown, and the two NicoUs seera 
 to have been the heroes of the day. 
 
 The two latter " did the thing up brown," and not only Judge 
 Nicholls, but Louisiana, may well be proud of such sons. The Mexicans 
 lost at least thirty killed — twenty-one had been buried this morning, 
 and I have seen a number lying on the hill side, that were not discov- 
 ered by our men when they brought in the dead. 
 
 Yesterday the whole division under General Worth entered the town 
 on this side, and have been fighting ever since. The heart of the city 
 is nothing but one continued fortification, the thick walls being pierced 
 for muskets, and cannon being placed so as to rake the principal streets. 
 The roofs being flat, and the front walls three or four feet above the 
 roof, of course every street has a line of breastworks on each side. A 
 ten inch mortar came around from General Taylor last evening, and it 
 is now placed in the largest plaza, to which our troops have fought step 
 by step, and from house to house. 
 
 Duncan's batteries are in town, and the present impression is that 
 the place will soon be taken. General Worth has gained all the 
 strong-holds that command the city, and has pushed the enemy as far 
 as they can go without falling into General Taylor's hands on the other 
 side of the city. All this has been done with the loss of only about 
 seventy killed and wounded! The achievement is a glorious one — 
 fiufiiciently so to satisfy the ambition of any man on earth. 
 
 Monterey, the city which has just been captured by our arms, 
 is the capital of the State of New Leon. It is on the Fernando river, 
 about 220 miles from its mouth. It has well paved streets, and mostly 
 one story stone buildings. The population is about 12,000, and ih 
 city is situated on the main travelling route from the Rio Grande to the 
 eity of Mexico. 
 
 [From the best information to be obtained, we give the number of American 
 soldiers killed, wounded and missing during the three days' fighting at Monterey. 
 Gen. Twio-g's division, 59 killed and 120 wounded ; Gen. Butler s division, 56 
 killed and"l65 wounded; Worth's division, 15 killed and 40 wounded; Hays s 
 3-egiment, 7 killed and 17 wounded; Wood's Texan Rangers, 2 killed and ^ 
 i^ounded. Total,— killed, 13!); wounded, 346.] 
 
26 ©EN. TAYLOR AND THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Heroine of Fort Brown, or remarJcaUe instance of the Courage 
 and Humanity of a Female connected ivith the American Army in 
 Mexico. 
 
 The Great Western. 
 
 The Heroine of Fort Brown — more familiarly known in the 
 Army of Occupation as " The Great Western," was first brought to 
 the notice of the public in a few remarks by Lieutenant Brag"^, at 
 the collation given by the army to the Louisiana delegation, at Gen- 
 eral Arista's head quarters, in Matan)oras. He mentioned her gal' 
 lant conduct and noble bearing during the whole of the bombardment. 
 A few of the incidents of the life of this extraordinary woman, which 
 I have been able to pick up in camp, will be read with some interest; 
 ihey prove that the sex has not been unrepresented in the soul-stirring 
 and bloody scenes on the Rio Grande. 
 
 The Great Western belongs to a class known and recognized in 
 the organization of the army as " Laundresses," three of whom are 
 allowed to draw rations in each company, and are required to wash 
 for the soldiers thereof, at a price regulated by a council of officers. 
 She arrived at Corpus Christi last autumn, with the 7th infantry, to 
 one of the companies of which her husband was attached. Up to 
 the time the army marched for the Rio Grande, she performed all 
 appropriate duties, and in addition, kept a "mess" for the young 
 officers of the regiment. 
 
 When the army took up the line of march for the Rio Grande^ 
 ihe women, with a, few exceptions, were left behind to come by sea. 
 A very few procured ponies and followed their husbands on their 
 tedious and arduous march. Not so with " The Great Western." 
 Her husband was sent by water, whether on duty or for disability I 
 am unable to learn, but she, true to her character, declaring that "the 
 boys " (young officers of the mess) " must have some body to take 
 care of them," purchased a mule and cart, packed her lugL'age, cook- 
 mg utensils and supplies, mounted behind her donkey, with whip in 
 hand, and displayed upon the whole route qualities and attainments 
 which the best teamster in the train might have envied. During the 
 whole journey she kept up the " mess," a relief from the burdens of 
 which is the greatest boon to an officer on the march. 
 
 The brigade to which she was attached arrived upon the banks of 
 ihe San Colorado as General Taylor was preparing to cross with the 
 dragoons and the 1st brigade of infantry. The Mexicans upon the 
 opposite bank were making great demonstrations by blow ing bugles, 
 etc, etc. After calmly surveying the scene from her cart, she re- 
 
THE HEROINE OF FORT BROWX. 
 
 2T 
 
 marked with great coolness and determinaiion, tliat *' if the General 
 would give her a good strong j)air of tovgs, she would wade thai 
 river and whip every scoundrel that dare show himself!" It may 
 be imagined that the men were not backward in crossing, after that. 
 
 When General Taylor marched for Point Isabel, with his army, 
 on the 1st of May, the 7th infantry, and of course, the Great Western, 
 remained to garrison Fort Brown. How that noble regiment and 
 the two companies of artillery left in this work, sustained themselves, 
 is already known, but nothing will more gratify them than to have 
 justice done their gallant heroine, of whom they speak in the warmest 
 terms. She, with all other women left behind, some eight or ten, 
 moved into the fort, where her mess was soon put in operation ; the 
 position of her tent and fire being near the centre of the fort. The 
 enemy's fire opened on the 3d inst., just as she was commencing 
 her arrangements for the " boys' " breakfast. Every security that 
 could possibly be provided was offered the women, to whom the gal- 
 lant soldier gives his first attention. The magazines were the only 
 ** bomb-proofs " in the fort, and as the Government has sent no am- 
 munition to fill them, the next most inflanimable material — the wo- 
 men — found perfect security in them. Most nobly did they ply the 
 needle in preparing sand-bags out of the officers' and soldiers' tents, 
 wherewith to strengthen the works and protect the artillerymen when 
 serving their guns. The Great Western, true to herself, aijain de- 
 clined participating in this protection or sewing, and continued her 
 labors at the fire, in the open air. 
 
 From the fire of tl)e first gun all hands were at their posts, Lowd's 
 and Bragg's artillery speaking, in the tones of tl)under, the indignation 
 they felt on being thus saluted on a bright May morning. When 
 the hour arrived for breakfast, but few expected the luxury which 
 awaited them. The mess was as well attended to as if nothing but 
 a morning drill with blank cartridges bad come ofl', and a supply of 
 delicious hot coffee was awaiting the thirsty, who had but to call and 
 partake, without distinction of rank. 
 
 To some of the artillerymen, who were unable to leave their guns, 
 the beverage was carried by this " ministering angel," and as may 
 readily be believed, no " belle of Orleans," much as she might be ad- 
 mired and beloved, ever met a more gracious reception. The fire of 
 the artillery was kept up almost incessantly until dinner hour — a sol- 
 dier's dinner hour is 1 o'clock — vvhen the good and generous wo- 
 man again provided for those who were almost utterly exhausted and 
 worn out, a delicious dish of bean soup — this bean soup is declared 
 by the Mexicans to be the foundation of that invincible spirit which 
 they have seen so strikingly displayed by the Yankee soldiers. This 
 she distributed again without money and without price. Thus did 
 she continue to discharge her duties during the seven days that the 
 enemy kept up an incessant cannonade and bombardment. She was 
 ever to be found at her post; her meals were always ready at the 
 hour, " and always the best the market aflx)rded." 
 
28 
 
 GEN. TAYLOR AND THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 When the despatches were made up for General Taylor on the 
 evenin^r of the 5ih, a number of officers and others had written to 
 their friends at Point Isabel, and among them " the Great Western " 
 had found time to communicate with her husband, and I have fre- 
 quently heard it said by those who saw her letter, for it was loudly 
 called for and made public, tjiat her description, if not the most ac- 
 curate, was certainly the most i^raphic, which was f^iven of the events 
 of the 3d and 4th of May. She expressed her full confidence in the 
 ability of the garrison to sustain itself, and only regretted the absence 
 of her husband. To supply his place, however, I am told that she 
 applied, early in the action, for a musket and ammunition, which she 
 received and put in a secure place, expressing her determination to 
 have full satisfiction whenever the enemy should dare approach 
 within range of her piece. This they never did, and our heroine 
 must rest contented with the reflection that she nobly performed her 
 own duty and will long be remembered by the besieged garrison of 
 Fort Brown. 
 
 She is probably as celebrated for her personal appearance as she 
 is for her deeds. With an erect and majestic carriage, she glories in 
 a height — six feet — which fully entitles her to a place in the gren- 
 adiers, any soldier of which might well envy her athletic but graceful 
 form. 
 
 But her reputation, the dearest of all things to a woman, is what 
 she prides herself on. The tongue of slander has never yet dared 
 to attack her well earned and well sustained character. With virtue 
 as a basis, and such iieroic conduct to build with, she never need 
 fear the necessity of exercising her extraordinary physical ability in 
 defence of that reputation. But if attacked, the gallant defenders of 
 Fort Brown will, I doubt not, be found pressing forward in her de- 
 fence, but woe be to the dastard who receives a discharge of artillery 
 from such gunners. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 ccdotcs or General Taylor. 
 
 The following anecdotes, illustrative of the simple tastes of Gen. Tay- 
 lor, we find going the rounds of the papers; they must close our some- 
 what length sketch of liiis heroic, unassuming and excellent man — 
 this true republican soldier, whose moral worth is not exceeded, in de- 
 gree, by the valor and discretion which have won for him the highest 
 rank in the American Army, and an imperishable renown. 
 
 " We presented ourself at the opening of one of the tents, before 
 which was standing a dragoon's horse, much used by hard service. 
 Upon a camp stool at our left, sat General , in busy conversation 
 
ANECDOTES OF GEN. TAYLOR. 29 
 
 with a hearty loold'ng old gentleman, sitting on a box, cushioned with 
 aa AiKansas blanket, dressed in Attakapas pantaloons and a linen 
 roundabout, and remarkable for a bright flashing eye, a high forehead, 
 a farmer look, and "rough and ready" appearance. It is hardly 
 necessary for us to say that this personage was General Taylor, the 
 commanding hero of two of the most remarkable battles on record, and 
 the man who, by his firmness and decisiom of character, has shed lustre 
 upon the Americah arms. 
 
 There was no pomp about his tent ; a couple of rough blue chests 
 served for his table, on which was strown in masterly confusion a 
 variety of official looking documents j a quiet looking citizen-dressed 
 personage made his appearance upon hearing the significant call of 
 "Ben," bearing on a tin salver, a couple of black bottles and shining 
 tumblers, arranged around an earthen pitcher of Rio Grande water. 
 These refreshments were deposited upon a stool, and " we helped our- 
 selves," by invitation. We bore to the General a complimentary gift 
 from some of his fellow citizens of New Orleans, which he declined 
 receiving for the present, giving at the same time a short but " hard 
 sense" lecture on the impropriety of naming children and places after 
 men before they were dead, or of his receiving a present for his services 
 " before the campaign, so far as he was concerned, was finished." 
 
 With the highest possible admiration of the republican simplicity of 
 the manners and character of General Taylor, we bade him good day, 
 with a higher appreciation of our native land, for possessing such a 
 man as a citizen, and of its institutions for moulding such a character." 
 
 Anecdote of General Taylor. — A correspondent of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Inquirer relates the following anecdote of the commander of the 
 Army. 
 
 "This morning I heard a little incident respecting General Taylor, 
 which, at the present time, will be interesting. During the Florida 
 campaign, a certain young officer, after receiving his cominission, was 
 ordered to join the army in that quarter. His first duty was, of course, 
 to report himself to General Taylor. After a very tedious journey, 
 however, through the woods, our officer arrived at a small shanty 
 called a tavern, about fifty miles from head quarters, where he thought 
 proper to stay three days. There were only two visitors there besides 
 himself. One of them, an oldish, shabby looking man, with a black 
 hat, nninus part of the crown, and a piece of twine for a riband, was 
 very inquisitive, and among other things asked our officer what excuse 
 he intended to inake for his delay in reporting himself to the General, 
 
 " Oh," said the officer, " they say Taylor is a very easy old soul, 
 and I can easily make up an excuse." 
 
 On going to bed that night, the officer asked the landlord who that 
 impudent, inquisitive old fellow was? " Why," said the host, " dau't^ 
 you know General Taylor? " 
 
 About an hour afterwards, at midnight, the tramp of a horse's feet 
 was heard, making large tracks towards head quarters. 
 
 A^ Soft Bed. — The southern papers are very full of anecdotes con- 
 cerning the state of things at the seat of war. Not the worst of these 
 trifles is the following. It is peculiarly ludicrous : 
 
'30 ANECDOTES OF GEN. TAYLOR. 
 
 Among the volunteers was a " gentleman's son " — a full private, 
 who, heartily sick of rainy weather, mud, and no shelter, first went to 
 his captain with his complaints, but meeting with no particular sym- 
 pathy, resolved to have a talk with General Taylor himself. Arrived 
 at the commander's quarters, the General was pointed out to him, but 
 he was rather incredulous. •' That old fellow General Taylor ? Non- 
 sense ! " Satisfied, howevef, that such was even the case, he marched 
 up, and rather patronizingly opened his business. 
 
 " General Taylor, I believe." 
 
 " Yes, sir." 
 
 '• Well, General, I'm devlish glad to see you — am, indeed." The 
 General returned the civility. 
 
 "General, you'll excuse me, but since I've been here I've been doing 
 all I could for you — have, indeed; but the fact is, the accommodations 
 are very bad — they are, indeed ; mud, sir ! bleeged to lie down in it, 
 actually; and the fact is, General, I'm a. ge7itleman's son, and not used 
 to it ! " 
 
 The General, no doubt deeply impressed with the fact of having a 
 gentlemavi's son in his army, expressed his regret tnat such annoyance 
 should ever exist, under any circumstances, in a civilized army. 
 
 " Well — but, General, what am I to do ? " 
 
 " Why, really, I don't know, unless you take my place." 
 
 "Well, now, that's civil — 'tis, indeed. Of course don't mean to 
 turn you out, but a few hours' sleep — a cot, or a bunk, or anything — 
 would be so refreshing ! You're place — where is it. General 1 " 
 
 " 0, just drop down — anyiohere about here — any place about camp 
 will answer ! " 
 
 The look which the" gentleman's son " gave the General was rather 
 peculiar. 
 
 "Well, no wonder they call you 'Rough and Ready,*" said he; 
 and, amid the smiles of all, but ''Rough and Ready" himself, the 
 " gentleman's son " returned to take his chance of the weather. 
 
 Economy. — During the battle of the 9th, an officer of infantry, 
 perceiving his men were firing with great rapidity, but not with suffi- 
 ciently good aim, as he thought, called out to them : " Be careful 
 and not waste your amnniniiion. Take good aim, and never miss 
 your man. Remember, I have given a receipt for every one of these 
 cartridges." Pretty soon they charged into the chapparel, when 
 they met the enemy face lo face. One of tliem charged upon a 
 Mexican, and as he run him throtigh with his bayonet, he roared out, 
 " Ix)ok here, captain I've saved one cartridge ! " 
 
 One of the B'Hoys. — Lieutenant Colonel Duncan, of the bat- 
 talion of artillery, as at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, signalized 
 himself for his bravery at the battle of Monterey. Colonel Duncan 
 is known not to be very fastidious in his dress — rather negligent in 
 matters of the toilet — and this led to a rather ludicrous error at the 
 interview or parley between Generals Taylor and Ampudia, at which 
 many of the officers of both armies were present, and Lieutenant 
 
ANECDOTES OF GEN. TAYLOB. 
 
 u 
 
32 AVECftOTES OE GEN. TAYLOR. 
 
 Colonel Duncan, by the invitation of General Taylor. He v^'as un» 
 shaven ; wore a shocking bad pahnetto liat, and seemed to have 
 much niore of the " I-do-as-I-d — d-please" air of the Texan ranger 
 than he liad of an officer of high rank among the regulars. As he 
 entered the audience chamber, with his usual air of abandon^ the 
 Mexican officers seem to have been suddenly and simultaneously 
 operated on by an electrifying machine. They would look at Dun- 
 can and whisper to one another, and then look and whisper again. 
 At length, Don Jose Maria Negriti, a busy little Mark Meddle of a 
 fellow, one of Ampudia's aids, who spoke English passing well, step- 
 ped up to one of General Taylor's staff, and pointing to Lieutenant 
 Colonel Duncan, begged to be informed " if that was not Captain 
 Walker?" "No." "Nor Hays?" "No." " Nor McCulloch?" 
 " No." " Then he is not at least a Texan ? " " No." The little 
 aid, having got this particular and this general assurance, that the 
 gallant Duncan was not a Texan, " no how," he breathed freer, and 
 returned to his general and comrade officers, to whom he, in an un- 
 der tone, communicated this gratifying information. 
 
 To account for the trepidation which the presence of the brave 
 Duncan occasioned, it is necessary to state that General Ampudia 
 has received positive information, from his spies, that the first oppor- 
 tunity which may present itself, the Texans are, to a man, determined 
 to take his life. 
 
 A CORRESPONDENT of the New Orleans Tropic, having met Capt. 
 May, the gallant dragoon, asked him to describe the charge he made 
 on ilie enemy, when he took Gen. Vega prisoner. The brave Captain, 
 a little disconcerted, twisted his fingers in his long beard and said; 
 •' Why, you see, the fact is, any of the boys would have given their 
 lives, to \^AVQ bad the chance to have charged the batteries, only I was 
 the lucky one in getting the order. After the old man gave the order, 
 I rode down the road, my men following of course, where we met 
 Ridu^ely ; he blazed away, and let me pass, and we just rode over the 
 guns, and that is all about it." 
 
 Samuel W. Chambers, one of the Rangers, or " the Delaware hero," 
 as they call him, got over the breast-works, obtained a foot-hold on the 
 top of an ei<i;hteen pounder, and deliberately took aim with his " fire- 
 shoot. t," fiiini: with effect, and crushing the Mexicans, until the piece 
 was t.iken by Gen. Worth and turned on the city. Chambers escaped 
 without a wound. 
 
 Col. McChing, of Mississippi, the great duellist, got upon the breast- 
 works, waved his hat, and was in the art of giving three cheers, when 
 a bail .-truck him, from the effects of which he has since died. 
 
 Cnpt Cillpspy, of the Texan Rangers, was killed whilst pouring 
 water into the tube of a cannon, with the Mexicans all around him. 
 
BIOGRAPHlr. 88 
 
 «« Young Rough and Ready." — By a letter from Seralvo, Mexico, dated on 
 the 20th of September, two days before the battle of Monterey, we learn that 
 Lieut. M. K. Taylor, of the Baltimore Volunteers, had been highly compli-' 
 ttiented by Gen. Taylor, and Gen. Twiggs, for the energy displayed by him, 
 in the performance of the various duties assigned him, and had received the 
 title of " young Rough and Ready " from the army. He had been placed in 
 command of the pioneer force, numbering 90 picked men, who accompanied 
 the advance guard, clearing the roads, building bridges, &c., for the army to 
 pass. We may therefore presume that he was originator of the novel bridge, 
 on which the army crossed over a branch of the shallow and muddy creek of 
 San Juan, a short distance west of Monterey, which was made eniirely of corn 
 etalks. The Mexicans had cut the bridge away, to prevent the army from 
 crossing, and there being a large cornfield near by, the pioneers were ordered 
 to cut the stalks and make a bridge with them, which was promptly done, 
 under a galling fire, and in a short time a solid foothold was formed, over 
 which the army with its artillery soon obtained an entrance into the streets of 
 Monterey. The letter alluded to furnishes a copy of the order received by 
 Lieut. Taylor, on the evening of the 20ih of September, to proceed wiih his 
 command to Monterey, and states that he left expressing the determination to 
 have a clear road for the army into the very heart of the city. It may there- 
 fore be safely inferred that his command were the constructors, and he the 
 projector of the cornstalk bridge. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Biog^raphical Sketches* 
 
 MAJOR RINGGOLD. 
 
 SaMdel Ringgold was born in Washington county, Maryland, in 1800^ 
 He was the eldest son of General Samuel Ringgold, and his mother was a 
 daughter of General John Cadwallader, a distinguished citizen of Philadel-* 
 phia, and renowned in the annals of the American revolution. Ringgold was 
 sent to the Military Academy at West Point, in 1814, and graduated at the 
 head of his class in 1818. He entered the army as a lieutenant, and was at 
 once selected by Gen. Scott as one of his aids. He was attached to the third 
 regiment as lieutenant by brevet. In 1831, he accompanied his company to 
 Fort Moultrie, South Carolina, where he remained until the difficulties occa- 
 sioned by the question of " nullification " were ended in 1833. 
 
 In July, 1834, he received the rank of captain by brevet, to date from May 
 8, 1832. August, 1836, he was promoted to captain, and assigned Company 
 C, third artillery. In the latter part of this month he was sent to Savannah, 
 Georgia, and not long subsequent to this he was sent to Florida. For "mer- 
 ilorious services " in Florida, the rank of Major by brevet was conferred upon 
 him by the department* 
 
34 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 He went to Texas with the Army of Occupation, and after three hoUrs of 
 hard fighting on the field of Palo Alio, he was shot through both thighs by r 
 six pound ball- He was mounted, and the ball came from the right, passing 
 through his right thigh about midway, at right angles through the holsters, 
 tearing away the front part of the saddle and the horse's shoulders, and into 
 the Major's left thigh. An officer came quickly to his aid — " Dofi't stay with 
 me: you have work to do,'^ said the gallant Major; "go ahead.'^ He died at 
 one o'clock on the morning of the 10th May, and was buried on the next day 
 with military honors, lamented by the whole camp. 
 
 MAJOR BROWN. 
 
 Major Brown was a "Green-Mountain boy," a native of Vermont, and 
 tgntered the American army as a common soldier in the 7th infantry, at the 
 commencement of the war of 1812, at the age of twenty-four or twenty-five. 
 He was in nearly all the hard-fought battles on the Niagara during the years 
 18 13 and 1814. Before the close of the war he obtained a lieutenancy, and 
 from that rose by regular gradations to the rank of Major, in which capacity 
 he has served for many years. He was in active service during the whole 
 period of the war in Florida. — Gen. Taylor selected him to command the worke 
 opposite Matamoras. In the attack upon that place, he was wounded in the 
 leer, by the bursting of a shell thrown by tlie enemy, and amputation was per- 
 formed the day he was wounded, — yet he died in three days afterward. 
 
 Gen. Taylor, in his official despatch, says of him: "His loss would be a 
 severe one to the service at any time, but to the army under my orders, it i« 
 indeed irreparable." 
 
 CAPTAIN MAY. 
 
 Captain May is a native of the city of Washington, a son of Doctor May, 
 of that place. On organizing the regiment of Dragoons, during Gen. Jack- 
 xon's administration, he was among those who from civil life received a com* 
 mission as lieutenant in the corps. Capt. May is an officer of intrepid valorv 
 and in the entjagements of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, he rendered 
 valuable service to our cause, in the last of which battles he captured 
 La Vetra, one of the Mexican generals, in almost as hazardous a position as 
 \n secured Philip, a Seminole chief, in the Florida war. On the 9th, when 
 the charge was about to be made on the Mexican battery, General Tayloi, in 
 passing his lines, accosted Captain May. 
 
 " Sir,"' said he, "your command has done nothing yet. You mu.st take 
 that battery." 
 
 " Men," said Captain May, " we must take that battery ! Charge ! " The 
 result is known. 
 
 LIEUTENANT WOODS. 
 
 LiKUT. Woods, who fell at Monterey, was a native of Lewistown, Pcnn* 
 sylvania, where his father, the venerable Congregational clergyman of that 
 place, still resides. His maternal grandfather Avas John Witherspoon, one of 
 the sin'nors of the declaration of Independence, and president of tlie Prince- 
 town College.— In the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, Lieut 
 Wo(»ds distinguisiied liimself as one of tlie bravest of the brave. His gallant 
 conduct on that occasion won the acknowledgments of his commander, and 
 eauscd him lobe breveted by his country. But a few montlis since the " Brady 
 Regiment" of Pennsylvania presented him a sword, as a testimonial of their 
 high regard, and as an acknowledgement of his bravery. He is the individual 
 ir«t named in Gen. Taylor's despaches as having fallen. 
 
NAVAL OPERATION o. 35 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 IVayal Operations. 
 
 The operations of our Squadion in the Gulf of Mexico have not, until very 
 recently, been attended with any great success. Two attempts have been 
 made to capture Alvarado, which have proved unavailing ; whether any blame 
 is to be attributed to Com. Conner, the Commander of the Squadron, or whether 
 his ill fortune is the result of uncontrollable causes, remains to be deterinined. 
 The fact that some of the under officers sent in to the Government their com- 
 missions immediately after their last repulse at Alvarado, is a bad omen, and 
 the refusal of the Government to accept their commissions, would seem to 
 indicate an intention of a change in the command. Certainly Commodore 
 Conner owes it to his own character to demand a Court Martial, for he has not 
 only greatly injured his own high standing before the people, but his conduct 
 has seriously affected the national honor. However, late events seem to indi- 
 cate a decided improvement, and it is to be hoped that the Navy will redeem 
 the misfoVtanes of the past by coming deeds of heroism, and ere long stand 
 out to the world a spectacle of Naval grandeur of which the country may be 
 truly proud. 
 
 Below we g^ve the particulars of the recent bombardment of Tobasco, and 
 of the surrender of Tampico : — 
 
 Tobasco Bombarded — Prizes captured — Flag of Truce violated 
 
 by the Enemy — Severe Retribution — The City nearly destroyed — Foreign 
 
 Consuls Houses only respected — Many of the Inhabitants killed. 
 
 An officer who was engaged in the attack on Tobasco reports that the en- 
 terprise was entirely successful. Its object was to cut out certain prizes an- 
 chored in the river, and they were all taken. 
 
 When the city was summoned to surrender, the people were for yielding, 
 but the Government soldiery opposed it. Time was then given for all place- 
 able people, women and children to get out of harm's way ; but the Governor 
 would not allow any one to leave ; so it is feared most of those killed in the 
 bombardment were others than soldiery. Some of the enemy's regulars, how- 
 ever, were killed. 
 
 Our squadron consisted of the Mississippi, Commodore Perry ; the Vixen , 
 Commodore Sands ; Botina, Lieut. Com. Benham ; Reefer, Lieut. Sterrett ; 
 Nonita, Lieut. Hazard ; the revenue steamer McLane, Capt. Howard ; the 
 revenue cutter Forward, Capt. Jones, (all small craft) two hundred seamen 
 and marines from the Raritan and the Cumberland, under the command of 
 Capt. Forrest, Lieut. Cost, Winslow, Walsh, Hunt, Capt. Edson and Lieut. 
 Adams, of Marines. 
 
 They left Anton Lizardo Oct. 16th, and arrived at Fontera on the 23d, and 
 captured two steamers and several small schooners ; on the 24th and 25th, 
 they ascended the river 72 miles to Tobasco, towed by the Petrel and the 
 Vixen. They passed the Devil's Turn at 2 P. M., landed and spiked four 24 
 pounders. They arrived off Tobasco at 6 P. M., and anchored in line ahead, 
 distant 150 yards from the shore. 
 
 The city v/as summoned to surrender. The Governor refused, when three 
 shots were fired from the Vixen. An officer came off with a request that we 
 would spare the Hospitals, — granted. Skirmishing immediately ensued. 
 
 On Sunday no damage was done. We captured one brig, three schooners, 
 and a large sloop, in all. At the town and below, there were nine vessels and 
 many boats captured. 
 
 On Monday, the 26th, at daylight, there began a sharp fire of musketry 
 from the shore, which was returned by our guns and continued for some time, 
 at intervals. A flag of truce came off, beseeching us to spare the town. 
 
 The Commodore assented, because, as he said, he only wished to frighten 
 the soldiery. The prizes were got under way, and ready for returning. The 
 enemy's white flag was flying all the time. 
 
 W. A. Parker, the Lieutenant, got ashore with his prize vessel, and was 
 
36 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 
 
 attacked by eighty soldiers, whom he beat off with 18 men only, losing one 
 and getting two wounded. 
 
 The action lasted 30 minutes, when Lieut. C. W. Morris was despatched to 
 him with orders, and as he was passing the heavy fire of the enemy, was 
 wounded in the neck by a musket ball. He stood up in his boat and cheered 
 the men on gallantly till he fell in the arms of Midshipman Cheever. The 
 Commodore then commenced cannonading in good earnest from the Vixen, the 
 Botina, the Nonita, and the Forward, and in three-quarters of an hour, he al- 
 most destroyed the city, sparing the houses of the foreign consuls. 
 
 At midday the fleet left, firing up the streets as they passed them. All the 
 prizes were saved except one, which grounded, and she was burned by the 
 Commodore's orders, to prevent her falling into the hands of the enemy. 
 
 SURRENDER OF TAMPICO. 
 Tampico taken — No Fighting— Preparations foi' its Retention. 
 
 By the arrival of U. S. steamer Mississippi, Com. Perry, at the S. W. Pass, 
 news has been received in this city of the capture of Tampico by the U. 
 S. Squadron, on the 14th inst. We announced in our last the departure of 
 the squadron from Anton Lizardo upon this expedition, and before the day was 
 over the success of the enterprise. The fleet sailed under Com. Conner, on 
 the 11th and 12th instants. On the 14th Com. Perry crossed the bar with the 
 Spitfire, Vixen, Petrel, Bonita, and Reefer, reinforced from the ('umberland, 
 Mississippi, Princeton, and St. Mary's. There was no opposition made to 
 the American arms. The town was surrendered unconditionally, the garrison 
 having been previously withdrawn. 
 
 Although the city was taken without the loss of blood, it is manifest that it 
 is not to be surrendered without a struggle before peUce is declared. The 
 town is now in the possession of the marines and sailors of the fleet, who can- 
 not be well spared from their ships. As soon as the place is sufliciently gar- 
 risoned by land forces, the squadron will proceed to other business. A change 
 has come over the fleet, and we doubt not of its future usefulness. Many of 
 our naval officers regret that Tampico was surrendered without a blow. It is 
 well enough as it is. We incline to the opinion that the place will become of 
 the utmost consequence to the intended operations upon the interior. The 
 withdrawal of the Mexican garrison is evidence that Santa Anna is making 
 preparation for a demonstration upon a large scale in the direction of San Luis 
 I'otosi or Saltillo— more probably at the former. 
 
 The steamer Spitfire, Capt. Tatnall, arrived at Anton Lizardo only one day 
 eleven hours from Brazos, having touched at Tampico, and communicated 
 with the Porpoise, which was maintaining the blockade of that port. From 
 the Porpoise they learned that the Mexican troops had marched out of Tampico, 
 retiring towards San Luis Potosi, taking with them the artillery from Tampico. 
 
 The remains of the lamented Lieut. Morris were eichumed and put on board 
 the Raritan, to be taken to Pensacola as soon as the fight at Tampico is over. 
 
 LOSS OF THE U. S. BRIG SOMERS....39 LIVES LOST! 
 The United States Brig Somers, which had been engaged for several 
 months in maintaining the blockade off Vera Cruz, was lost on the 8th of Dec, 
 184G. At the time of the disaster she was in chase of a strange sail, and be- 
 ing struck with a severe squall, was capsized, and in ten minutes went down. 
 Out of 70 persons, composing her crew, 39 were lost, including two officers. 
 
 — ^i©©— 
 FROM THE .^7?Afr. 
 
 Jan. 5lh.— By news received from the Army to-day, it appears that an at- 
 tack was made upon the American forces at Tamimco, numbering about three 
 hundred, by an advance of the Mexican cavalry, nearly snen thousand strong. 
 The American forces opened their park artillery on them,— they speedily fled ! 
 
 IG^ Jan. Tilh.— Information is just received from Tnmpico, that there was 
 great excitement there, owing to a report lliut a large body of Mexicans were 
 approaching. The coniinandunt at Tampico proclaimed the plate under martial 
 law on tlielsth Dec. On the Uitii, arms were distributed to all American citi- 
 zens, including tlie sailors and otlicers of vessels. A considerable amount of 
 arms' and aiiuininition iiad been found at Tampico, secreted by the Mexicans— 
 about 300 of the muskets were loaded. 
 
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