- EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK COMPILED BY Sam C. Stephenson Aurora, Nebraska First Edition, 1921 Price 35 Cents Eighth Grade Examination Question Book All the Questions Issued for Eighth Grade Examinations by the State Superintendents of Public Instruction of Nebraska, since January 1st, 1915 Compiled by Sam C. Stephenson First Edition 1921 This book will be sent to any person, postpaid, upon receipt of thirty-five cents. Address all orders to Sam C. Stephenson 1305 Eleventh St., Aurora, Nebraska L -$30 rf«" S8j Copyright. 1921 SAM C. STEPHENSON Aurora, Nebraska - Sffl&IMI g,E * 62467 * £5 Pref rerace In my school work as a teacher and County Superintendent, the information contained in this book was of great value to me and was continually asked for by teachers and pupils. These questions, in the fourteen different subjects, are a complete list of all the questions issued for Eighth Grade Exami- nations by the State Superintendents of Public Instruction of Nebraska, since January 1, 1915. They made an excellent review in all these fourteen sub- jects required to pass the eighth grade examination. They should be studied carefully by all the pupils desiring to take this examination. They will give the teachers and pupils an idea of what has been expected of the pupils in the past, thus enabling them to make better grades and better students be- cause of the fact that they understood how to answer the questions. You will note this book is right up-to-date, having listed in it a list of the last eighth grade examination questions. In order to obtain the best results, every eighth grade pupil should have a question book for class use so that efficient work may be done. Sam C. Stephenson, Former County Superintendent of Schools Hamilton County Aurora, Nebraska Skillful questions cause the pupil to define his facts; to clarify his ideas; to put facts and ideas together in new relations; to compare; to judge and to draw inferences — mental operations which develop our higher knowledge. —Hindsdale Contents PAOE Our Flag 5 Better Citizenship 7 Choice Selections 11 National, Ftate and County Governments 13 Rules aid Regulations 16 Arithmetic 17 Mental Arithmetic 2T3 Geography 27 Grammar 32 English Composition 37 Reading 38 Bookkeeping 43 Agriculture 44 Physiology 48 Orthography 52 Penmanship 57 Drawing 60 History 63 Civics 88 Our Flag Military Salute I pledge allegiance to the flag and the republic for which it stands; one coun- try; one language; one flag. National Flag Salute Commit to memory I pledge allegiance to my flag and to the republic for which it stands — one nation, indivisible, with liberty and jus- tice for all. The military pledge is the better for school children. A Patriotic Exercise Salute to the Flag At the given hour in the morning the pupils are assembled and in their places in the school. A signal is given by the teacher of the school. Every pupil rises in his place. The flag is brought forward to the teacher. While the flag is being brought' forward from the door to the stand of the teacher every pupil gives to the flag, the military salute, which is as follows: Raise the right hand smartly till the tip of the forefinger touches the fore- head above the right eye, thumb and fingers extended and joined, palm to the left, forearm inclined at about 45 de- gree, hand and wrist straight; while thus standing, with the forefinger touch- ing the forehead in attitude of salute, all the pupils repeat together slowly and distinctly the following pledge: I pledge allegiance to the flag and the republic for which it stands; one coun- try; one language; one flag. At the words, "To the flag," each one extends the right hand gracefully, palm upward, toward the flag, until the end of the pledge or affirmation. Then all hands drop to the side. The pupils, still standing, all sing to- gether in unison the national hymn, America. Etiquette of the Flag There are many citizens who are not familiar with rules governing the use of the Stars and Stripes. Flag etiquette should be taught in school that pupils may not grow up ignorant of these facts. 1. The flag should not be raised be- fore sunrise nor be allowed to remain up after sunset. It should not be raised on stormy days. 2. When the flag is passing on pa- rade, or in review, the onlookers should stand at attention with heads uncov- ered. 3. In no case should the flag be al- lowed to touch the ground. 4. For indoor decorations the flag can only be used as a draping; it cannot be used to cover a bench or table, where anything can be set upon it. 5. When used upon a casket at a funeral, the stars should be placed at the head. 6. In placing the flag at half-mast it should first be hoisted to the top of the staff and then lowered to position. Be- fore lowering the flag from half-mast, it should be raised to the top and then lowered. 7. When the flag is formally raised, all present should stand at attention with hand raised to the forehead for salute. 8. If a foreigner wishes to raise the flag of his nationality, he must raise the Stars and- Stripes above and never below it. 9. When the flag is hung vertically against the wall, the blue should be in the upper right hand corner. When hung horizontally the blue should be at the left, in the position as if attached to a staff. 10. When the flag is used as a ban- ner, that is, suspended across a street, the union, or field, should fly to the north in streets running east and west, and to the east in streets running north and south. 11. When a flag is displayed on a rope, the field should be away from the residence of the one displaying the flag, in the same position as it would be if attached to the staff. The American's Creed Commit to memory I believe in the United States of Amer- ica as a government of the people, by the people, for the people, whose just EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK powers are derived from the consent of the governed; a democracy in a repub- lic; a sovereign nation of many sovereign states; a perfect union, one and in- separable, established upon those prin- ciples of freedom, equality, justice and humanity for which American patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes. I therefore believe it is my duty to my country to love it; to support its Constitution; to obey its laws; to respect its flag; and to defend it against all enemies. Displaying the Flag- at Public Schools The flag should be displayed on • the staff of the public school every day dur- ing which school is in session. It should not be left out during rainy or snowy weather nor when there is an extremely high wind. The Flag- Should be Displayed at Full Staff New Year's Day Jan. 1st Lincoln's Birthday Feb. 12th Washington's Birthday Feb. 22d Nebraska admitted to Union. .. .Mar. 1st Death of Lincoln (half mast).. Apr. 15th Inauguration of first President. .Apr. 19th Arbor Day Apr. 22d Decoration or Memorial Day.... May 30th Flag Day June 14th Battle of Bunker Hill June 17th Independence Day July 4th Labor Day.... First Monday in September Columbus Day Oct. 12th Battle of Saratoga Oct. 17th Surrender of Yorktown Oct. 19th Liberty Day (Armistice) Nov. 11th Evacuation Day Nov. 25th Landing of Pilgrims Dec. 20th On Memorial Day, May 30th, the flag should fly at half staff from sunrise until noon and full staff from noon to sunset. America (Note — Whenever, in a public place, the national hymn, America, is sung or the tune played, all persons in the audience should rise and remain standing during the singing or while the tune is being played.) Men and boys remove hats. Remember An army corps is 60,000 men or more. An infantry division is 19,000 men or more. An infantry brigade is 7,000 men or more. A regiment of infantry is 3,000 men — three battalions. A battalion is 1,000 men — four com- panies. A company is 250 men. A platoon is 60 men or less. A corporal's squad is 8 men or less. A field battery has 195 men. A firing squad is 20 men. A supply train has 283 men. A machine gun battalion has 296 men. An engineer's regiment has 1,098 men. An ambulance company has 66 men. A field hospital has 55 men. A medical detachment has 13 men. A major general heads the field army and also each army corps. A brigadier general heads each infantry brigade. A colonel heads each regiment. A lieutenant colonel is next in rank below a colonel. A major heads a battalion. A captain heads a company — two cap- tains in war time. A lieutenant heads a platoon. A sergeant is next below a lieutenant. A corporal is a squad officer. Your Flag and My Flag Commit to Memory Your flag and my flag, And how it flies today In your land and my land And half a world away! Rose-red and blood-red The stripes forever gleam; Snow-white and soul-white — The good forefathers' dream. Sky-blue and true-blue, with stars to gleam aright — The glorified guidon of the day, a shelter through the night. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK Your flag and my flag! And, Oh, how much it holds — Your land and my land — Secure within its folds. Your heart and my heart Beat quicker at the sight; Sun-kissed and wind-tossed — Red and blue and white. The one flag— the great flag — the flag for me and you — Glorified all else beside — the red and white and blue! Your flag and my flag! To every star and stripe The drums beat as hearts beat And fifers shrilly pipe! Your flag and my flag — A blessing in the sky, Your hope and my hope — It never hid a lie! Home land, and far land and half the world around, Old Glory hears our glad salute and ripples to the sound! — Wilbur D. NesMt The Service Flag Commit to Memory Dear little flag in the window there, Hung with a tear and a woman's prayer; Child of Old Glory, born with a star — Oh, what a wonderful flag you are. Blue is your star in its field of white, Dipped in the red that was born of fight; Born of the blood that our forebears shed To raise your mother, The Flag o'erhead. And now you've come, in this frenzied day, To speak from a window — to speak and say: "I am the voice of a soldier-son Gone to be gone till the victory's won. "I am the flag of The Service, sir, The flag of his mother — I speak for her Who stands by my window and waits and fears, But hides from the others her unwept tears. "I am the flag of the wives who wait For the safe return of a martial mate, A mate gone forth where the war god thrives To save from sacrifice other men's wives. "I am the flag of the sweethearts true; The often unthought of — the sisters, too. I am the flag of a mother's son, And won't come down till the victory's won." Dear little flag in the window there, Hung with a tear and a woman's prayer; Child of Old Glory, born with a star — Oh, what a wonderful flag you are. — William Herschell Better Citizenship The future of the republic depends upon the character of its citizenship. We are not building permanently unless the youth of the land are made fully acquainted with the meaning of American citizenship. We must give patriotism a vitality which will find expression in service. — Thomas R. Marshall George Washington (1732-1799) First President of the United States I hope I shall always possess firmness and virtue enough to maintain what I consider the most enviable of all titles, the character of an "honest man." When Washington's secretary excused himself for the lateness of his attendance and laid the blame upon his watch, his master quietly said, "Then you must get another watch, or I another secretary". It will generally be found that the men who are thus habitually behind time are habitually behind success; and the world casts them aside to swell the ranks of EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK the grumblers and the railers against fortune. "Washington stands among the great- est men of human history, and those in the same rank with him are very few. Whether measured by what he did, or what he was, or by the effect of his work upon the history of mankind, in every aspect he is entitled to the place he holds among the greatest of his race. "Few men in all time have such a record of achievement. Still fewer can show, at the end of a career so crowded with high deeds and memorable victories, a life so free from spot, a character so unselfish and so pure, a fame so void of doubtful points demanding either de- fense or explanation. Eulogy of such a life is needless, but it is always im- portant to recall and freshly to remember just what manner of man he was." — Henry Cabot Lodge Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) Sixteenth President of the United States "A blend of mirth and sadness, smiles and tears; a quaint knight errant of the pioneers, a homely hero born of star and sod; a peasant prince; a master- piece of God." -Walter Malone Commit to Memory GETTYSBURG ADDRESS Abraham Lincoln Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. We are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation — or any nation so conceived and so dedicated — can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as the final resting place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or to detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here; but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK which they have thus far so nobly ad- vanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us; that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall, under God, have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Captain! My Captain! (Walt Whitman, a unique American author and poet, has outstripped all contemporaries in his great lyric tribute to Lincoln. This poem should be read in every schoolroom in the land until every head should bow in sacred appreciation of our country's sacrifice upon the altar of Freedom.) O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done, This ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follows eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring; But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies Fallen cold and dead. O Captain! My Captain! rise up and hear the bells; Rise up — for you the flag is flung — for you the bugle trills. For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths — for you the shores a-crowding, For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; Here Captin! dear father! This arm beneath your head! It is some dream that on the deck You've fallen cold and dead. My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will, The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done. From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won; Exult, O shores! and ring, O bells! But I with mournful tread, Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. — Walt Whitman Theodore Roosevelt "What we have a right to expect from the American boy is that he shall turn out to be a good American man. Now the chances are that he won't be much of a man unless he is a good deal of a boy. He must not be a coward, or a weak- ling, a bully, a shirk, or a prig. He must work hard and play hard. He must be clean-minded and clean-lived, and able to hold his own under all circumstances and against all comers. It is only on these conditions that he will grow into the kind of a man of whom America can really be proud. "A great democracy has got to be pro- gressive, or it will soon cease to be either great or a democracy. "Our effort should be to raise the level of self-respect, self-control, sense of duty 10 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK Our Country in both sexes, and not to push them down to an evil equality of moral turpitude by doing away with the self-restraint and sense of obligation which have been slow- ly built up through the ages. We must bring them to a moral level by raising the lower standard, not by depressing the high. "We Americans are only on the thres- hold of the campaign for a better national life. We have only begun to consider our duty toward the child; to realize that the child-drudge is apt to turn into the shift- less grown-up; to realize that the child growing up in the streets has first-class opportunities for tending toward crimin- ality, and, therefore, that playgrounds may be as necessary as schools. We have only begun to realize that the child's mother, if wise and duty-performing, is the only citizen who deserves even more from the state than does the soldier; and that, if in need, she is entitled to help from the state, so that she may rear and care for her children at home. "No nation can achieve real greatness if its peoples are both essentially moral and essentially manly; both sets of qualities are necessary. "The only value of words uttered or listened to comes when they are trans- muted into deeds. "American society is sound at core and this means that at bottom we, as a peo- ple, accept as the basis of sound morality not slothful ease and soft selfishness and the loud timidity that fears every species of risk and hardship, but the virile strength of manliness which clings to the ideal of stern, unflinching performance of duty, and which follows whithersoever that ideal may lead. "The test of a man's worth to the com- munity is the service he renders to it, and we cannot afford to make this test by material considerations alone. "There never yet was a service worth rendering that did not entail sacrifice; and no man renders the highest service if he thinks over-much of the sacrifice." — Theodore Roosevelt "And for your Country, boy, and for that Fl g, never dream a dream but of serving her as she bids you, even though the ser- vice carry you through a thousand hells. No matter what happens to you, no mat- ter who flatters you or who abuses you, never look at another flag, never let a night pass but you pray God to bless that Flag. Remember, boy, that behind of- ficers and government, and people even, there is the Country Herself; your Coun- try, and you belong to Her as you belong to your own mother. Stand by Her, boy, as you would stand by your mother." — Edward Everett Hale America for Me 'Tis fine to see the Old World, and travel up and down Among the famous palaces and cities of renown, To admire the crumbly castles and the statues of the kings — But now I think I've had enough of anti- quated things. So it's home again, and home again, Amer- ica for me! My heart is turning home again, and there I long to be, In the land of youth and freedom beyond the ocean bars, Where the air is full of sunlight and the flag is full of stars. Oh, London is a man's town, there's power in the air; And Paris is a woman's town, with flow- ers in her hair; And it's sweet to dream in Venice, and it's great to study Rome; But when it comes to living, there is no place like home. I know that Europe's wonderful, yet some- thing seems to lack: The Past is too much with her, and the people looking back. But the glory of the Present is to make the future free — We love our land for what she is and what she is to be. Oh, it's home again, and home again, Amer- ica for me! I want a ship that's westward bound to plough the rolling sea, To the blessed Land of Room Enough be- yond the ocean bars, Where the air is full of sunlight and the flag is full of stars. — Henry Van Dyke EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 11 Choice Selections Stand by Your School If you think your school's the best, Tell 'em so! If you'd have it lead the rest, Help it grow. When there's anything to do, Let the others count on you, You'll feel bully when it's through; Don't you know. If you're used to giving knocks, Change your style; Throw bouquets instead of rocks, For awhile; Let the other person roast, Shun him as you would a ghost, Meet his hammer with a boast, And smile. When a stranger from afar Comes along, Tell who and what we are — Make it strong. Needn't natter, never bluff, Tell the truth, for that's enough; Join the boosters — they're the stuff. We belong. How Do You Tackle Your Work? How do you tackle your work each day? Are you scared of the job you find? Do you grapple the task that comes your way With a confident, easy mind? Do you stand right up to the work ahead Or fearfully pause to view it? Do you start to toil with a sense of dread Or feel that you're going to do it? You can do as much as you think you can, But you'll never accomplish more; If you're afraid of yourself, young man, There's little for you in store. For failure comes from the inside first, It's there if we only knew it, And you can win, though you face the worst, If you feel that you're going to do it. Success! It's found in the soul of you, And not in the realm of luck! The world will furnish the work to do, But you must provide the pluck, You can do whatever you think you can, It's all in the way you view it; It's all in the start you make, young man, You must feel that you're going to do it. How do you tackle your work each day? With confidence clear of dread? What to yourself do you stop and say When a new task lies ahead? What is the thought that is in your mind? Is fear ever running through it? If so, tackle the next you find By thinking you're going to do it. — Edgar A. Guest. It Couldn't Be Done Somebody said that it couldn't be done, But he with a chuckle replied, That "maybe it couldn't," but he would be one Who wouldn't say so until he tried. So he buckled right in, with the trace of a grin On his face. If he worried he hid it. He started to sing as he tackled the thing That couldn't be done — and he did it! Somebody scoffed, "O, you'll never do that— At least, no one ever has done it;" But he took off his coat and he took off his hat, And the first thing we knew he'd begun it. With a lift of his chin and a bit of a grin, Without any doubting or quiddit, He started to sing as he tackled the thing That couldn't be done — and he did it! There are thousands to tell you it cannot be done, There are thousands to prophesy failure; There are thousands to point out to you one, by one, The dangers that wait to assail you. r But just buckle in with a bit of a grin, Then take off your coat and go to it. Just start in to sing as you tackle the thing That "cannot be done" — and you'll do it, — Edgar A. Guest 12 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK I had rather be a "Could-Be" If I couldn't be an "Are," For a "Could-Be" is a "May-Be" With a chance of reaching par. I had rather be a "Has-Been" Than a "Might-Have-Been," by far — For a "Might-Have-Been" has never been, And the "Has-Been" was once an "Are." My Wish If I could make a wish for you, And then could make that wish come true, I'd wish that you might always be A blessing to humanity — That you may have less loss than gain; More days of happiness than pain; That in the years that are to come, You'll always have a happy home; When trials come, as come they must, You'll face them with a steadfast trust, That they who battle for the right, Are sure to conquer in the fight; And may your friend and leader be The Glorious Man of Galilee. — C. W. Wood, Aurora, Nebr. "Hullo!" When you see a man in woe, Walk right up and say "Hullo"! Say "Hullo," an' "How d'ye do;" "How's the world a usin' you?" Slap the fellow on his back, Bring your nan' down with a whack; Waltz right up, and don't go slow, Grin an' shake and say "Hullo." Is he clothed in rags; O sho, Walk right up an' say "Hullo;" Rags is but a cotton roll Jest for wrappin' up a soul; An' a soul is worth a true Hale and hearty "How d'ye do!" Don't wait for the crowd to go, Walk right up and say "Hullo." Wen big vessels meet, they say, They saloot an' sail away. Jest the same are you an' me, Lonesome ship upon a sea. Each one sailing his own jog For a port beyond the fog. Let your speakin' trumpet blow, Lift your horn and cry "Hullo!" Say "Hullo," an' "How d'ye do!" Other folks are as good as you. When you leave your house of clay, Wanderin' in the far away, Wen you travel through the strange Country t'other side the range, Then the souls you've cheered will know Who you be, and say "Hullo!" — Samuel Walter Foss Only a Boy He is only a boy, whom you see every day, With a smile do you greet him, my friend? Or do you pass by as you meet on the way, Never thinking it pays in the end, To give to the boy what is rightly his own, Recognition by you, when you can? Though only a boy, his heart is not stone, You can help him to be a good man. He is only a boy, but deep in his soul Lie slumbering, thoughts full of joy, That will thrill this old world while the years onward roll, Thoughts born in the heart of a boy. Then friend, just give to the boy what you should, And help him whenever you can; For when you are helping a boy to be good, You are helping to build a good man. — C. W. Wood, Aurora, Nebraska EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 13 National, State and County Governments President of the United States — Warren G. Vice-President of the United States — Harding. Term, four years, 1921-25. Calvin Coolridge. Term, four years, Salary, $75,000. 1921-25. Salary, $12,000. NOTE In addition to his salary the President is furnished his home, the White House, and approxi- mately $125,000 for expenses. The President's Cabinet Secretary of State . . Charles Evans Hughes Secretary of the Treasury. Andrew Mellon Secretary of War John W. Weeks Attorney General .... Harry M. Daugherty Postmaster General Will H. Hays Secretary of the Navy Edwin Denby Secretary of the Interior A. B. Fall Secretary of Agriculture. . .Henry Wallace Secretary of Commerce. . .Herbert Hoover Secretary of Labor James J. Davis Salary of each, $12,000. Term, four years, 1921-25. U. S. Senators from Nebraska George W. Norris 1919-1925 Gilbert M. Hitchcock 1917-1923 The U. S. Senators receive $7,500 per year and mileage at the rate of 20 cents per mile each session of congress. Representatives in Congress From Nebraska District No. 1 C. F. Reavis District No. 2 A. W. Jeffries District No. 3 Robert E. Evans District No. 4 M. O. McLaughlin District No. 5 W. E. Andrews District No. 6 Moses P. Kinkaid Members of the House of Represen- tatives receive a salary of $7,500 per year; mileage at the rate of 20 cents per mile each way for each session of congress; $125 extra for stationery, etc., and are provided with a clerk at government cost. Term of membership, two years, 1921-23. United States Supreme Court Chief Justice, Fourth Judicial District William Howard Taft Associate Justice, Ninth Judicial Dis- trict Joseph McKenna Associate Justice, First Judicial Dis- trict Oliver W. Holmes Associate Justice, Sixth Judicial Dis- trict. . .' William R. Day Associate Justice, Eighth Judicial Dis- trict .Willis Van Devanter Associate Justice, Third Judicial Dis- trict Mahlon Pitney Associate Justice, Fifth Judicial Dis- trict James C. McReynolds Associate Justice, Second Judicial District Louis D. Brandeis Associate Justice, Seventh Judicial District John H. Clark Clerk James Maher Marshal Frank Key Green Deputy Clerk H. C. McKenney Reporter Ernest Knaebel The salary of the Chief Justice is $15,000 and of each Associate Justice, $14,500. Term, life or during good be- havior. State Officers Term, 1921 to 1923 Governor Samuel R. McKelvie Salary, $7,500 Lieutenant Governor P. A. Barrows Salary, $1,600 for two years. Secretary of State D. M. Amsberry Salary, $5,000 Auditor of Public Accounts George W. Marsh Salary, $5,000 Commissioner of Public Lands and Buildings Dan Swanson Salary, $5,000 Treasurer D. B. Cropsey Salary, $5,000 Superintendent of Public Instruction. . John H. Matzen Salary, $5,000 Attorney General Clarence A. Davis Salary, $5,000 Tax Commissioner Secretary W. H. Osborne Salary, $5,000 Railway Commissioners Harry L. Cook Thorne A. Browne H. G. Taylor Salary, $5,000 per year, each State Supreme Court Chief Justice. Andrew M. Morrisey Associate Justice Charles B. Letton Associate Justice William B. Ross Associate Justice George A. Day Associate Justice C. H. Aldrich Associate Justice James R. Dean Associate Justice Leonard Flansburg Salary, $7,500 per year, each Clerk Harry C. Lindsay Salary, $4,000 Deputy Clerk .P. F. Green Salary, $2,500 Administrative Code Departments Department of Finance — Secretary Philip F. Bross Department of Agriculture — Secretary Leo Stuhr Department of Labor — Secretary F. A. Kennedy 14 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK Department of Trade and Commerce — Secretary J. E. Hart Department of Public Welfare — Secretary H. H. Antles Department of Public Works — Secretary George E. Johnson Department of Education Executive Division State Superintendent John M. Matzen Deputy State Superintendent .John Speedie Assistant Superintendent Cora A. Thompson Rural School Inspector I. N. Clark Normal Training Inspector Archer L. Burnham Assistant Normal Training Inspector Frank R. Beers Head Certification Department • Lulu S. Wolford Assistants Secretary Cecile Snapp Secretary Normal Training Department (Bookkeeper) Ruth E. Wheeler Stenographer Theoda Fox Stenographer Helen M. Stacy Stenographer Eulalia Heinemeyer Clerk and Statistician. . . .Verneda Whitney Clerk of Examinations. Caroline C. Cooper Clerk of Examinations. Mrs. C. D. Wheeler Clerk of Examinations Etta Brown Sixth District Frederic W. Button Fremont Sixth District A. M. Post Columbus Seventh District Ralph D. Brown Crete Eighth District Guy T. Graves Pender Ninth District Anson A. Welch Wayne Ninth District William V. Allen Madison Tenth District William A. Dilworth Fremont Tenth District Lewis H. Blackledge Red Cloud Eleventh District E. P. Clements Ord Eleventh District Bayard H. Paine Grand Island Twelfth District Bruno O. Hostetler Kearney Thirteenth District. .. .J. Leonard Tewell Sidney Fourteenth District E. C. Eldred McCook Fifteenth District Robert R. Dickson O'Neill Sixteenth District. . .William H. Westover Rushville Seventeenth District. .. .Ralph W. Hobart Mitchell Eighteenth District Leonard W. Colby Beatrice District Judges First District John B. Raper Pawnee City Second District James T. Begley Plattsmouth Third District Willard E. Stewart Lincoln Third District Fred Shepherd Lincoln Third District W. M. Morning Lincoln Third District Elliott J. Clements Lincoln Fourth District L .B. Day Omaha Fourth District James M. Fitzgerald Omaha Fourth District Charles Leslie Omaha Fourth District Willis G. Sears Tekamah Fourth District Alexander C. Troup Omaha Fourth District William A. Redick Omaha Fourth District Arthur C. Wakeley Omaha Fifth District George F. Corcoran York Fifth District Edward E. Good Wahoo State Institutions University of Nebraska Lincoln Samuel Avery, Chancellor State Normal School Peru A. L. Caviness, President State Normal School Kearney George E. Martin, President State Normal School Wayne U. S. Conn, President State Normal School Chadron R. I. Elliott, President University of Agriculture Lincoln H. E. Bradford, Principal Nebraska School of Agriculture. .. .Curtis A. P. Davidson, Principal. Hastings Asylum for Insane Hastings Norfolk Asylum for Insane Norfolk Hospital for Insane Lincoln State Penitentiary Lincoln Tuberculosis Hospital Kearney Girls' Industrial School Geneva Clara G. Quimby, Superintendent Boys' Industrial Home Kearney R. V. Clark, Superintendent Industrial Home Milford Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. Grand Island Soldiers' and Sailors' Home Milford School for the Feeble Minded. .. .Beatrice Dr. D. G. Griffiths, Superintendent School for the Deaf and Dumb Omaha F. W. Booth, Superintendent EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 15 School for Blind Nebraska City N. C. Abbott, Superintendent Orthopedic Hospital Lincoln Nebraska Home for Dependent Chil- dren Lincoln Miss Amy V. Stevens, Superintendent State No7-mal Schools Boaed of Education President, T. J. Majors Peru Vice-President, Dan Morris Kearney Secretary, H. E. Reische Chadron Fred S. Berry Wayne E. H. Gerhart Newman Grove Ella May Young Omaha John M. Matzen Lincoln Indian Schools U. S. Indian School Genoa Sam B. Davis, Superintendent Santee Normal Training School. .. .Santee Frederick B. Riggs, Principal Winnebago Indian Agency. . . .Winnebago F. T. Mann, Superintendent Omaha Indian Agency Macy E. J. Bost, Superintendent All Saint's Mission School Winnebago Rev. Elias Wilson, Superintendent St. Augustine Mis.sion School. .Winnebago Sister M. Liguori, Superintendent University of Nebraska, Lincoln Board of Regents F. W. Judson term expires, Jan. 1925 J. R. Webster. term expires Jan. 1925 William L. Bates.. term expires Jan. 1927 George N. Seymour. term expires Jan. 1927 P. L. Hall term expires Jan. 1923 H. D. Landis term expires Jan. 1923 Secretary of the Board of Regents. . . . James Stewart Chancellor Samuel Avery Principal, School of Agriculture '. H. E. Bradford Executive Dean C. C. Engberg New State Capitol Building 16 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK Rules and Regulations Following are the rules and regulations as set forth by State Superintendent Matzen for the eighth grade examinations held in 1921: To the County Superintendents: The dates are set for the final eighth grade examinations each year by the State Superintendent. A suggested program schedule follows. It is not required that this program be followed rigidly; county superintendents may use their discretion in mak- ing minor changes to meet situations that arise if they deem it advisable. It is desired, however, that the program be followed as uniformly as possible throughout the state in order that the secrecy of the questions may be protected. EXAMINATION PROGRAM THURSDAY FRIDAY Forenoon Afternoon Forenoon Afternoon Grammar History Mental Arithmetic Orthography English Composition Civics Arithmetic Reading Writing Physiology Bookkeeping Geography Drawing Agriculture These examinations may be held by teachers, or other competent persons appointed by the county superintendents, at convenient places throughout the county to be designated by the county superintendent. At no time should they be held by a teacher, any of whose pupils are taking the examinations. Examination questions will be furnished by this department, and will be printed in four separate sets, one set for each half-day. Kindly notify this department at an early date on the inclosed blank of the number of complete sets you will need for both examinations. Envelopes containing questions should not be opened until the beginning of the half-day for which they are scheduled to be given. The board of examiners may or may not be composed of teachers, but in any case they must be persons with qualifications at least equal to those required for the second grade county certificate. This does not mean that they must hold a certificate. How- ever, great care should be exercised in the selection of very competent examiners. The county superintendent at the close of each examination, after ascertaining that the name of the pupil is not written on the examination paper, shall record each set of papers by name and number, after which papers should be turned over to the examin- ing board who shall consider them by number only. Pupils should write answers in clear, concise terms; the questions need not be written. Complete solution of all problems in arithmetic should be given. Credit should be deducted from carelessly written or illegible papers. The general average in the fourteen required subjects must be at least seventy-five per cent with no grade below sixty per cent in any subject. It' is recommended that teachers plan the exami- nations for their pupils, advising them as to the subjects in which they should write, urging them to take the full time allowed for each subject, and to write every paper as neatly and carefully as possible. All papers should be written in pen and ink. Drawings may be made with pencil. When pupils re-take a subject to raise their grade they may retain the former grade if it is higher. Passing grades earned in either the April or May examinations are valid. Pupils should pin the pages of each subject together with all edges even. No whispering or collusion of any kind should be permitted;" grades of pupils violating this rule should be cancelled. Conductors are not to explain the meaning of any questions given in the lists or give any informa- tion relating to their answers. These examination questions are stated plainly enough for one who knows the subject. All pupils wishing to avail themselves of the free high school law must pass these examinations; this applies to all who desire these privileges regardless of the school they are attending. The parents of pupils entitled to free high school certificates should make written application to their county superintendent within the forty days preced- ing the second Monday in June. Please see that the parents of your eighth grade pupils passing these examinations are fully advised of this requirement. Yours very truly, State Superintendent. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION .QUESTION BOOK 17 Arithmetic Lesson I ARITHMETIC 4-9-15 (Answer ten) 1. Add: 13 ft. 4 in and 15 ft. 10 in. Sub- tract 486789 from 563412. 2. Multiply 8.09 by .14; divide 1.69 by .0013. 3. At 37 cents a bushel how many bush- els of potatoes can be bought for $4.81? 4. From an alfalfa field of 15 acres three crops were harvested in one season. The average yield per acre for each crop was 2850 lbs. How much was the season's yield worth at $14.50 per ton? 5. How many acres are there in a farm 134 rods long and 52.5 rods wide? 6. How many feet of lumber are there in ten boards 14 ft. long, 6 in. wide and 2 in. thick? 7. A farmer bought 40 acres of land at $40 an acre and spent $600 for improve- ments. For how much must he sell it to gain 20% 8. Martha used for a cake 2 cups of sugar at 2y 2 cents each, *4 lb. butter at 30 cents a pound, % pint of milk at 8 cents a quart, 2 cups flour at 3 cents each and baking powder and salt worth % cent. How much did the cake cost? 9. Find the interest on $5320 for 1 yr. 4 mo. 10 da. at 5%. 10. If 90% of the seed corn planted in a certain field germinates and the yield is 36 bushels per acre, what would have been the yield had all the seed corn germinated. 11. A freight train runs 20 miles an hour, and a passenger train on the same road runs 35 miles an hour. If a passenger train makes a trip between two points in 4 hours, how many hours will it require for the freight train to make the same trip? Lesson II ARITHMETIC 5-7-15 (Answer ten) 1. How many minutes in 5 da., 15 hr., 20 min.? 2. A pile of 2-foot wood is 10 ft. long, 4 ft. high. How many cubic feet are there in that pile? 3. A side of bacon weighs 8 lbs. 12 oz. A ham weighs 13 lbs. 4 oz. What is the cost of both if bacon is worth 24 cents per pound and ham 20 cents per pound? 4. What is the cost of the following coal bill at $7.50 per ton: 3650 lb., 2720 lb., 5000 lb., 1960 lb., 2750 lb.? 5. A room is 18 ft. long, 15 ft. wide and 9 ft. high. How many square yards are there in the walls, floor and ceiling? 6. Shingles laid 4 in. to the weather will cover 16 sq. in. of space. How many shingles will cover the two sides of a roof, each side being 40 ft. by 20 ft.? 7. Hogs lose about 1/5 of the live weight in dressing. A 380-lb. live hog, purchased at $6.75 a hundred is retailed at an average price of 15 cents a pound. What is the profit? 8. A man walked 5/12 of his journey the first day, % of it the next day and then had 20 miles to travel. How long was the journey? 9. What principal will yield an interest of $600 in 5 yr. at 6%? 10. Mr. Smith sold his farm for $6360, thereby gaining 20%. Would he have gained or lost and what per cent, if he had sold it at $5500? 11. If 8 lbs. of corn will plant one acre, how many bushels will it require to plant a field of 70 acres? 12. The following is an estimated cost of 100 sq. yd. of lath and plaster for two coat work: 1500 lath at $4.75 per M. 10 lb. nails at $3.20 per cwt. Labor putting on lath $4.50 10 bu. lime at 45c per bushel. 6 lb. hair at 4c per pound. 1 load of sand $1.75 Plasterer, 2% da. at $5.00 Find the cost per square yard. Lesson III ARITHMETIC 3-10-16 (Answer ten) 1. In the working days of a week a man works 9% hrs., 10% hrs., 8% hrs., 9% hrs., 8*4 hrs. What are his wages for the week at 30c an hour? 2. A farmer having gathered 120 bush- els of potatoes lost % of them. What per cent did he save? 3. The terms of a sale are: Sums under ten dollars, cash. Amounts over that, one year's time at 6% interest, or 2% off for cash. A man buys a team of horses for $360. What will he have to pay at the end of a year's time, including the inter- est? How much if he pays cash? 4. At 5c a bushel, what will it cost to 18 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK thresh 50 acres of wheat averaging 30% bu. per A.? 5. A round silo has a diameter of 20 feet (Pi equals 3 1/7) and is 35 ft. high. How many tons of silage will it hold if 50 cu. ft. of space is required for each ton? 6. A school district whose valuation is $45,000 desires to raise $540 tax. How many mills must they levy? 7. If a landlady receives $60 for board- ing 3 men 5 weeks, how much should she receive for boarding 7 men 4 weeks? 8. A and B form a partnership, A putting in $300 and B $500. They gain $320. What is each man's share of the gain? 9. A field 120 rods long and 45 rods wide yields 15 bu. of wheat per acre. What is the entire yield? 10. James Wilson gives his note to Charles Rice for $600, for 3 years, interest at 6%. This note was dated March 1, 1913, at Fort Wayne, Ind. Write this as a negotiable note in regular form. When will it be due? 11. A merchant sold a house for $3680, losing 8%. For how much should the buyer sell it to gain 12%%? 12. A farmer has 80 fat steers to mar- ket. Their average weight is 1200 lbs. The market price is $8.25 per cwt. He de- cides to hold them for a better market. Two weeks later he sells at $8.75 per cwt. During the two weeks the steers have gained an average of 4 lbs. each, and it has cost $24.50 for feed for the period. Did he lose or gain by holding them, and how much? 13. A road runs on two sides of a square 40-acre field. In going from one corner to the diagonally opposite corner, how much will be saved by going in a straight line, rather than by following the road? Lesson IV ARITHMETIC 4-14-16 (Answer ten) 1. Add: da. hr. min. 4 20 40 16 30 1 40 2. A salesman receives $100 per month and a commission of lVk% of his sales. What does he receive for the year in which his sales amount to $108,000? 3. If $105 is paid for the rent of a field, $35 for plowing, $48 for planting and har- rowing, $54 for seed corn, $37.50 for culti- vating, $90 for husking and $85 for shell- ing and marketing, how much profit is there on 2250 bu. of corn selling at 57c per bushel? 4. (a) Divide 16700 by 695, (b) Multi- ply 76.43 by 98.2. 5. A man has an income of $1825 a year. He spends 1/5 of it for groceries, $200 for rent, $437 for clothing and $443 for sundries. How much will he have left at the end of the year? What is his average net income per month? What is the meaning of "net income"? Of "sun- dries"? 6. The valuation of a school district is $150,000. The school tax of 5 mills on the dollar, maintains a school of 20 pupils. What is the cost per pupil? 7. Furniture catalogued at $60 is bought by a dealer at 40% discount. If he sells it at the catalogue price, what is his per cent of profit? 8. Fire is discovered on the roof of a building 48 ft. high. A ladder resting 13 feet from the bottom of the building just reaches the roof. How long is the ladder? 9. A bin 12 ft. long and 8 ft. wide con- tains a quantity of wheat sloping from 6 ft. in depth at one end to 3 ft. in depth at the other. How many bushels (approxi- mately) of wheat in the bin, allowing 1% cu. ft. to the bushel? 10. A dealer buys 150 barrels of flour. He sells one-third of it at $4.50 per bbl., losing 10 per cent. The remainder he sells at a profit of 6 per cent. What is his net gain or loss? 11. Mrs. Burns buys 40 yds. of carpet % of a yard wide. She uses 1/10 of it for a rug and the remainder to carpet a floor. How many sq. yds. does she use for the floor? 12. On April 1, 1916, R. M. Cook of Chi- cago borrowed from J. G. Ager $560 for 6 months at 8%. Write a negotiable note covering this transaction. Lesson V ARITHMETIC 5-5-16 (Answer ten) 1. (a) How many acres in a section? Sections in a township or precinct? Pre- cincts in your county? (b) Carefully made estimates show that good roads increase the value of land $6.48 per acre. How much does this increase the value of a farm of 160 acres? 2. Find the L. C. M. of 60-15-8-120-12-30. Find the G. C. D. of 9-24-1260-1684. 3. A and B engaged in business as part- ners. A furnished $400, B $600. They gained $420. What was each man's per cent of the gain? 4. The owner of a house worth $3760 in- EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 19 sures it for 80% of its value, (a) What is the face of his policy? (b) What is the annual premium at 30c per $100? 5. (a) What is the difference between 3 sq. ft., and a 3 ft. square? (b) Multiply 2 yds., 1 ft., 4 in. by 8. 6. Reduce 778 pints to bushels. 7. At $3 a day how much does a man earn in three weeks if he works 4 1/5 days the first week, 5% the second week and 5 2/3 the third week? 8. What is the cost at 7c per sq. yd. of tinting the walls and ceiling of a school- room 18 ft. wide, 27 ft. long, 10 ft. high, deducting 54 sq. yards for windows, doors and blackboard? 9. A note of $600 dated Nov. 20, 1912, was paid Aug. 9, 1915, interest at 6%. Find the amount. 10. A man whose property is valued at $5400 has to pay the following taxes: state and county, 10 mills; road district, 2 mills; school tax, 13 mills; and $2.50 poll tax. What does his tax amount to? 11. 8y 2 X 7/13 y 3 1/12 of 3y 2 % of 7 7/11 % 12. If telegraph poles are 88 yds. apart, and a passenger on a train counts 23 every 3 minutes, at what rate is the train travel- ling per hour? Lesson VI ARITHMETIC 3-23-17 (Answer ten) 1. What must you know and what must you do to find the area of a square? Of a triangle? 2. If you have the dimensions of a square, how can you find its perimeter? 3. B owns a triangular plot of ground; he knows the length, in rods, of its base, altitude and hypothenuse. How shall he find the number of acres it contains? 4. A farmer had 26 acres planted to potatoes. The crop from 7 acres yielded 1260 bushels. At the same rate, how many bushels did he receive from the whole field? 5. If the valuation of your school dis- trict is $50,000 and it costs $1250 to run the school for a year, how many mills are levied? 6. What effect has the placing of zeroes to the right of a decimal? To the left of a decimal? 7. A horse was sold for $200, which was 20% less than the buying price. What must the buyer sell the horse for in order to gain 25%? What was the first buying price? 8. A cow was purchased for $75.00. She gave 4 gallons of milk a day for the months of May, June, July and August. Two-thirds of the milk each day was sold at 8c a quart and the cow was sold for $95.00. How much was gained on this transaction considering that the $75.00 might have been 'drawing interest at the rate of 7% for this length of time? 9. I paid an agent $55.80 for buying wheat on a commission of 3%. Find amount spent for wheat. 10. Originate problems to demonstrate the solutions of the following and solve them by analysis: (a) You have given the cost and rate per cent of profit, or loss, to find profit, or loss, and the selling price. (b) You have given the selling price and the rate per cent of profit or loss to find cost. 11. Write the 45 combinations. 12. A boy who has been working this year at $30.00 a month is offered an in- crease of 25% for next year or a salary of $9.00 per week. Which will bring the larger income, a^d how much more per year (use 52 weeks) ? Lesson VII ARITHMETIC 4-20-17 1. Divide 5625 by .00005; 5 by .25; .255 by 25. 2. Two men charter a boat to carry some freight to a certain city. One ships 75 tons and the other 135 tons. How much should each pay? 3. Find the prime factors of 7007, 7644. 4. How many cubic yards of dirt are re- moved in excavating for a cellar 30 ft. long, 30 ft. wide and 6 feet deep? 5. A pole is Y5 in the mud, y± in the water and 44 feet in the air. How long is the pole? 6. Find the contents in bushels of a box 3 ft. long 2 ft. wide and 2% ft. high. 7. What is the rate per cent when the interest of $480 for 2 years, 3 months is 8. A man paid $60 for insuring his $6000> house at 80% of its value. Find the rate- of insurance. 9. How many bricks will be contained in a wall 6 feet long, 40 feet high and 12' inches thick, if 22 bricks with mortar will make one cubic foot. 10. If the railway fare for a journey of 75 miles is $1.50, what will be the fare for 275 miles? 20 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK Lesson VIII ARITHMETIC 5-11-17 (Answer ten) (a) Add: (b) 48 rods 5 yd. 6 ft. 33 rods 4 yd. ft. 3 in. 4 in. ) Subtract: 37 gal. 3 qt. 1 25 gal. 5 qt. 3 pt. pt. 2. Change 9 weeks, 7 da., 15 min., 35 sec, to seconds. Multiply: 38 bu. 7 pk. 5 qt. 3 pt. by 8. 3. If an agent charges 5% for collecting and thus earns $150 per month, how much does he collect in a month? 4. A ladder is placed at a window; the ladder is 45 ft. long. If the foot of the ladder is 20 ft. from the building, how high is the window? 5. A farmer had 110 acres of wheat which made 25 bushels to the acre. He paid 4c a bushel to have it threshed, $4.00 a day for 10 days to have it stacked and other expenses amounted to $500. If he received $1.50 a bushel for it, how much was netted? 6. Define: promissory note, net pro- ceeds, commission, tax, insurance. 7. If your house which is worth $5,000 is insured for % of its value at 2y 2 %, what is the premium? 8. How many acres of land in a section? How many rods of wire will be required to fence it if it is in the form of a square? 9. How many bushels of wheat in a bin 25 ft. long, 20 ft. wide, 12 ft. high? 10. Find the number of gallons of water in a circular cistern 12 ft. deep and 6 ft. in diameter. 11. How many cubic feet of silage in a silo 15 feet in diameter and 30 feet high? 12. A clothier bought suits at $12.00 each and marked them to sell at 25% profit. He afterwards reduced the marked price 10%. What percent did he finally gain upon the cost? Lesson IX ARITHMETIC 4-12-18 1. (a) Give definitions for the follow- ing: sum, quotient, product, dividend, dif- ference, (b) Subtract and prove: 964,971 — 346,782. 2. (a) What is a fraction? (b) What are the terms of a fraction? (c) What is a proper fraction? (d) What is an im- proper fraction? 3. (a) Change the following fractions to their lowest terms: 182 125 196 325 (b) Change the following mixed num- bers to improper fractions: 75 15/28, 305 3/7. 4. (a) A farmer sold % of his farm for $1521. At that rate, what is the value of % of the farm? (b) 9/5 of 20 is 4/3 of what number? (c) What per cent of 208 is 96? 5. (a) Find the quotient of 85.75 di- vided by .0049. (b) How many minutes in the month of April? 6. (a) I sold two horses at $150 each. On the first I gained 25%, and on the sec- ond I lost 25%. Did I gain or lose? How much? (b) Find the interest and amount of $560 at 6% for four years and seven months. 7. Find the cost of 50 boards, 16 feet long, 12 inches wide, and 1 inch thick, at $35 per M. 8. How many gallons of water in a tank 12 feet long, 18 inches deep and 2 feet wide? 9. Find the area of a triangle whose base is 12 inches and whose altitude is 9 inches. 10. The U. S. Government paid $30,076 for 10,000 steel helmets. A certain society made a drive last January to sell enough "Baby Bonds" at $4.12 each to pay for these helmets. How many "Baby Bonds" were sold? Lesson X ARITHMETIC 5-9-18 1. Write in words: (a) 304,025,343.3; (b) 4.00576; (c) CXCIV. 2. (a) Add, 346 4/9, 25%, 4259 5/12, 5006; (b) Subtract 43.65308 from 3406.7. 3. A man's salary was increased 21% and it is now $1,766.60. How much did he receive before obtaining the increase? 4. (a) A farmer marketed 11 hogs, if each hog weighed 315 pounds and he re- ceived $16.30 per hundred, how much did he receive for his hogs? (b) What is 1460 pounds of coal worth at $11.25 per ton? 5. (a) A farmer has a rectangular field of wheat which is 64 rods long and 24% rods wide. If the wheat yields 23 bushels to the acre and he receives $2.20 per bushel, what will be his total receipts from his wheat crop? (b) If his expenses are $9.50 per acre, on the above wheat crop, what will be his net receipts? 6. (a) How many pounds in a bushel of w r heat; of shelled corn; of ear corn well EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 21 dried; of potatoes; of oats? (b) How many rods in a mile; square rods in an acre; acres in a section? (c) How many quarts in a peck; units in a score; gallons in a barrel; cubic inches in a cubic foot; years in a century? 7. (a) What part of a rod is 12% inches? (b) Reduce 21 bushels, 1 peck and 5 quarts to pints. 8. (a) Write out a negotiable note drawn to your teacher. Face value $312.25, time 2 years and 5 months, rate of interest 7%. (b) Find the amount of interest you would pay on this note for the given time. 9. What will be the cost at $1.25 per square yard, of a rug for a floor 12 by 16 feet if there is a margin 18 inches wide, extending around the room, which is not covered by the rug? (b) How many cubic feet in a circular tank which is 10 feet in diameter and 2% feet deep? 10. (a) If each of the 100,000,000 per- sons in the United States would save one lump of sugar each day, how many tons of sugar would be saved in a common year, counting 80 lumps of sugar to the pound? (b) What would be the value of the sugar in the preceding problem at $9.25 per hun- dred pounds? Lesson XI ARITHMETIC 4-11-19 1. (a) What is a unit, integer, fraction? (b) Define the following: product, quo- tient, dividend, sum. 2. (a) Write the following in FIGURES: One hundred five and sixty-five thou- sandths; twenty-seven and one hundred four hundred thousandths, (b) Write the following in WORDS: .067563, 967.307. 3. If a team of horses eats 1 pk. 6 qt. of oats a day, and oats are worth 70c per bushel, what is the cost of oats fed to a team of horses during the month of De- cember? 4. If you buy eggs at 3 for 5c and sell them at 3 for 10c, how much would you gain on 10 dozen of eggs? 5. A field 80 rods long and 60 rods wide yields 15 bushels of wheat to the acre. If wheat is sold at $2.00 per bushel, what is the value of the crop? 6. Find the commission at 2% for sell- ing a car load of hogs weighing 18,000 pounds at 16c per lb. What was received for the hogs after the commission was paid? 7. What tax does a man pay whose prop- erty is valued at $95000 when the tax levy is 3 mills on the valuation? What is a poll tax? 8. 35% of a regiment being sick, only 637 men were able to enter battle. How many men in all in the entire regiment? 9. Find the interest and amount of for two years, 6 mo., at 6%. 10. Write a promissory note face of which is $500, interest 6%, making John Smith the maker and Charles Stone the payee. Lesson XII ARITHMETIC 5-9-19 1. (a) If a boy spends y 2 of % of his money for a ball and has 35c left, how much money had he at first? (b) How many feet in % of a mile? 2. (a) Write in words: 24.304. 2,013,- 016.06. $306.04. (b) Write in figures— Seventy-five ten-thousandths. Four hundred four and fourteen millionths. (c) Write in Roman Notation — 36, 19, 94. 3. The cost of turning 4% bushels of wheat into 196 lbs. of flour and marketing the flour is $1.80. If wheat is $1.76 per bushel what is the actual cost of a 49 lb. sack of flour? 4. A soldier's ration is 3% ounces of sugar per day. What will it cost to supply a soldier with sugar for ten days if the sugar costs the government $7.50 per hun- dred pounds? 5. (a) Write a promissory note, correct in form, for $360.50. Dated April 1st, 1919. Time 1 year, 4 months and 15 days. Rate of interest 8%. (b) Find amount to be paid at maturity. 6. A storekeeper bought 30 cases of eggs in one day. Each case contained 30 dozen eggs at 26c per dozen. He shipped these to Omaha paying 50c per case freight and sold the whole lot for $271.50. What was his net gain per dozen? 7. An auctioneer contracted to cry a sale for $20.00 and y 2 % commission on the total amount of the sale. If the sale a- mounted to $7650.00 what did the auc- tioneer receive for his services? 8. A man owning property valued at $21,000.00 had this property insured for 80% of its value at 1%% premium, (a) What was the amount of the premium? (b) What would be the total loss to the owner if the property should be totally destroyed? 9. (a) How many rods of fence will it require to fence 20 acres in the form of a square? (Carry the length of a side to one decimal place only), (b) Find the area of a circle the radius of which is 15 inches. 10. A man sold -two houses for $1200.00 each. On one he gained 20% and on the other he lost 20%. How much money did he lose by the two transactions? 22 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK Lesson XIII ARITHMETIC 3-26-20 1. Place in a column and add: 6842, 9367, 8524, 3179, 6245, 7628, 8403, 3009. 2. Perform the operations indicated: (a) 7485X2963=? (b) 2093218—754209 = ? (c) 470932h-628=? 3. Write in words: 4628, CLIX, 29.012, 3/16, 12%%. 4. Write table for avoirdupois weight and name five things whose quantity is de- termined by it. Same for liquid measure. 5. How many feet in a mile; sq. rds. in an acre; ounces in a pound; seconds in a minute? 6. If % of a number is 15, what is 2% times the number? Explain fully. 7. A load of wheat, wagon and all, weighs 4126 pounds. The wagon alone weighs 1114 pounds. What is the grain worth at $2.15 per bushel? 8. To what will $480.00 amount when put out on interest from January 1, 1918, to April 1, 1920, at 8% per annum? 9. The valuation of the property in a consolidated school district is $275,365.00. If the school levy is 27 mills on the dollar, what amount of money will be raised for school purposes? 10. How would you find the number of acres in a field? If given the distance that a train moves in a given time, how would you find the rate per hour? Lesson XIV ARITHMETIC 5-7-20 1. Define: unit, fraction, sum, quotient, discount. 2. Write out fully the solution of the following problem: How many square feet in a surface 8 feet long and 6 feet wide? 3. A farmer sold a team for $440, but did not receive his pay for them until 1 year and 6 months after the sale. He had at the same time a cash offer of $400 for them. Did he gain or lose by the transac- tion, money being worth 8% per annum? 4. The premium paid for insuring a building at 1%% was $600. For what was the building insured? 5. A house was sold for $1,800 which was 20% less than it cost. What was the cost of the house? 6. What will it cost to seed a 15 acre field in wheat pt $1.90 a bushel if it takes 75 pounds to the acre? 7. In a certain rural school there are 30 pupils enrolled. If the average daily attendance has been 24, what was the per cent of attendance? 8. Write in words: .0173, 69%%, 2(4+3), CXIX, 75309. 9. Write the table for square measure. In what two ways would a knowledge of it be beneficial? 10. Divide 74.7 by .083. Multiply .031 by 2%. Lesson XV ARITHMETIC 4-8-21 1. Suppose a 40 acre field planted to corn for five years in succession produces 60 bushels per acre the first year, 55 the second, 43 the third, 33 the fourth, and 50 the fifth, what will be the value of the corn grown in the 5 years at 40 cents per bushel? 2. If a landlady receives $60 for board- ing 3 men 5 weeks, how much should she receive for boarding 7 men 4 weeks? 3. A field is 80 rods wide and 100 rods long, how many acres does it contain? 4. A wheat field is 86 rods by 80 rods. It yields 860 bushels. What is the yield per acre? What would the owner receive for it at $1.58 per bushel? 5. How many cubic inches in a tank 5 feet in diameter and 4 feet deep? 6. What is the amount on $500 at 6% for 3 years, 6 months and 10 days? 7. A man has property valued at $24,- 000. What will be his tax on % valuation if the levy is 36 mills? 8. A commission merchant sells for a factory 6700 pounds of cheese at 27 cents a pound. He charges 3% commission. What sum should he remit to his prin- cipal? 9. A tank is 6% feet long, 4% feet wide, and 2% feet deep. How many gallons of water does it contain? 10. An automobile is found to run 180 miles on 16 gallons of gasoline. At this rate how much does it cost for gasoline for a season's run of 7650 miles, if gaso- line cost 26% cents per gallon? Lesson XVI ARITHMETIC 5-6-21 1. Draw a township and number the sections. Locate the southeast quarter of section 7. 2. What are a man's school taxes on a farm with an assessed valuation of $5,235, if the general school levy is 35 mills, and the bond levy is 5 mills? EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 23 3. What is the cost of running an auto- mobile for a year when the original cost of the machine is $900, license $10, insur- ance $20, depreciation 30%, garage rent $7.00 per month, oil, repairs, etc., $50, and gasoline $104? 4. From the product of 2987 and 78, take their sum. 5. Divide 916875 by 894. 6. Multiply .0045 by .098. 7. Define: unit, fraction, sum, divisor, product. 8. Find the simple interest on $750 for two years, three months, and fifteen days at 6%. 9. A clerk receives $25 per week and he pays $7 per week for his board, $250 per year for clothes, and $125 per year for other expenses. How much does he save in a year? 10. What will it cost to plaster the walls and ceiling of a room 14 feet square and 10 feet high at 55c per square yard, making no allowance for openings? Mental Arithmetic Lesson I MENTAL ARITHMETIC 4-8-15 (Conductor will read problems, giving pupils two minutes for each. Write answers only.) 1. If breakfast costs 20 cents, dinner 45 cents and supper 45 cents, what is the cost of food for the day? 2. A box of soil when wet weighs 54 ounces and when dry 36 ounces. How much water did it lose in drying? 3. Allowing 15 minutes for each pound, how many hours will it take to roast a 10-pound turkey? ■ 4. A farmer sold 5 loads of wheat of 60 bushels each at $1 a bushel. How much did he get for the wheat? 5. If a boy feeds his chickens 7 pecks of corn in 14 days, how many quarts does he feed them per day? 6. If three men can husk a field of corn in 12 days, how long will it take 4 men to do the work? 7. In an examination a pupil missed 3 out of 10 questions. What per cent were right? 8. How many sevenths in four and one- seventh? 9. I buy 7 oranges for 5 cents each. How much change should I receive from $1? 10. I buy lace at 15c a yard and sell it at 20 cents a yard. Find the gain on 5 yards. Lesson II MENTAL ARITHMETIC 5-7-15 (Conductor will read problems, giving pupils two minutes for each. Write answers only.) 1. In a certain school there are 24 boys and 16 girls. How many pupils in the school? 2. At noon the temperature was 88° and at midnight 69°. How many degrees had it fallen? 3. How much change should I receive out of 50 cents after paying for 3 pounds of beef at 15 cents a pound? 4. Edith paid 15 cents a yard for 6 yards of gingham and 5 cents for a spool of thread. Find the cost of her dress. 5. If apples cost $1.20 per bushel and are sold at 40 cents per peck, what is the gain on 1 bushel? 6. A farmer sells one-half dozen eggs to one man and three-fourths dozen to another. How many eggs does he sell? 7. A dealer pays $15 apiece for over- coats, and sells them at a gain of 20%. What is the selling price? 8. A farmer can build a fence in 5 days. What part of it can he build in 3 days? 9. If apples sell at the rate of 2 for 5 cents, what will 1 dozen cost? 10. A man is 48 years old. In how many years will he be three score and ten? Lesson III MENTAL ARITHMETIC 3-9-16 1. How many weeks in two and a half years? 2. Seventy-two is how many times 4? 3. What is the cost of 30 oranges at 40c a dozen? 4. How many rods in 2% miles? 5. If 9 desks cost $225, what will 15 desks cost? 6. What is the interest on $400 for 3 months at 6%? 7. Two-fifths of 25 is five-sixths of what number? 8. Increase 18 by 33y 3 % of itself. 9. y 2 plus % plus V 6 equal what? 24 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 10. Find 66% of $1200. Write analyses for the following prob- lems: 11. I paid $9 for a cord of wood, and % as much for a ton of coal: At that rate find the cost of 10 tons of coal. 12. A barrel of syrup contained 42 gal- lons; five-sevenths of it was sold at 60 cents a gallon. How much was received for what was sold? and 9 ft. long. How many sq. ft. of ground does it roll in one revolution? 7. If a boy walks 2% miles in 35 min- utes, how many miles will he walk in an hour, at the same rate? 8. A room is 3 ft. 8 in. longer than it is wide. It is 17 ft. long. How wide is it? 9. Write all the prime factors of 120. 10. What is the total number of days in the first three months of the present year? Lesson IV MENTAL ARITHMETIC 4-14-16 All results are to be secured mentally. Use pen or pencil only in writing answers. 1. How many days in seven and two- sevenths weeks? 2. Three-fourths of S per cent is what per cent, of 30%? 3. Paid 70 dollars for a horse, which was seven-fifths of the value. What is the value of the horse? 4. How many fourths in seven? 5. What is the interest on one dollar at 6% for six months? 6. y 2 Plus % plus Vi equal? 7. What is the cost of 21 bananas at 20 cents a dozen? 8. How many feet in three and one- half yards? 9. How many pints in three and one- half gallons? 10. In a list of 80 words, a boy mis- spelled 16. What per cent did he spell correctly? Lesson V MENTAL ARITHMETIC 5-5-16 (Conductor will read problems, giving pupils two minutes for each. Write answers only. ) 1. A man spends 25% of his annual income of $1600 for rent. How much rent does he pay? 2. Give the cost of the berries in a dozen qt. cans when iy 2 qts. of fresh berries @ 10c per qt. are required for 1 qt. of canned berries. 3. After giving away 33y 3 % of her cherries, Ruth had 20 left, (a) How many had she at first? (b) How many did she give away? 4. If a street is a mile long and 60 ft. wide, how many miles must a watering cart travel to sprinkle it, if the cart sprinkles 15 ft. wide? 5. What is the interest on $484 for 2 mo. @ 6%? 6. A roller is 22 ft. in circumference Lesson VI MENTAL ARITHMETIC 3-22-17 ( Conductor will read problems, giving pupils two minutes for each. Write answers only.) 1. In an orchard there are 36 apple trees, 19 pear trees and 40 peach trees. How many trees in the orchard? 2. To a man I owe $16 I gave $4 in money and a ton of hay. What was the value of the hay? 3. At the rate of 18 miles per hour, how far will an automobile travel in 3 hours? 4. At what time must a 5 pound chicken be put into the oven in order to serve it at 12 o'clock, if each pound requires 15 minutes for roasting? 5. At $12 a ton how many tons of hay can I buy for $168? 6. Three-eighths of a yard of cloth costs 30 cents. Find the cost of three-fourths of a yard. 7. What per cent of 12 is 6? Of 25 is 20? 8. I buy sugar for three-fifths of a dol- lar, cloth for four-fifths and ribbon for two-fifths. How much change do I get if I pay with a $2 bill? 9. If 3 men can build a fence in 6 days, how long will it take 2 men to build it? 10. How many sixths in three and five- sixths? Lesson VII MENTAL ARITHMETIC 4-20-17 (Write answers only on paper.) 1. A man sold a horse for $63 and gained 2/7 of the cost. How much did he gain? 2. A trader having $80, gave 9/16 of it for sheep, at $3 each. How many sheep did he buy? 3. A stick of timber stands 1/12 in the earth, % in the water and the rest in the air. What part is in the air? 4. A lady bought 10 5/9 yards of mus- lin. After using 6% yards, how many yards remained? EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 25 5. At 6I/4 cents a pound, how many pounds of starch can be bought for $1%? 6. A teamster hauled 9 loads of hay, each weighing % of a ton. What was the total weight? 7. If 7 horses require 84 bushels of oats for a certain time, how many bushels would 12 horses require? 8. The product of two numbers is 156. If 12 is one of them, what is the other? 9. Bought lemons at 4 for 5 cents and sold them at 5 for 4 cents. What did I lose on each lemon? 10. A and B rented a pasture for $30. A pastured 6 cows and B, 9 cows. What should each pay? Lesson VIII MENTAL ARITHMETIC 5-11-17 (Conductor will read problems; pupils write re- sults only.) 1. Find interest on $500 at 5% for 1 yr., 6 mo. 2. James lost 12% of his money. He lost $60. How much did he have at first? 3. How many square feet in a triangu- lar plot of ground which is 40 feet wide and 120 feet long? 4. Mary is sent to the store with $5.00. She buys a collar for 50c, a pair of hose for 50c, an apron for 95c. How much change should the merchant give her? 5. At 16%c each, how many spellers can be bought for $6.00. Lesson IX MENTAL ARITHMETIC 4-12-18 (Conductor will read problems, giving pupils two minutes for each. Write answers only.) 1. 15 plus 6, divided by 3, times 7, plus 6, divided by 11, plus 5, times 8, minus 2, divided by 8, equal? 2. When eggs are 40 cents per dozen, what will 30 eggs cost? 3. At what time must I get up to take a train at 7:30, if it takes 20 minutes to get breakfast, 30 minutes to eat, 25 min- utes to dress and 30 minutes to drive to the station? 4. It rained %-inch on Monday, %-inch on Tuesday, and J4-inch on Wednesday. How much did it rain altogether. 5. If three men can build a fence in 6 days, how long will it take two men to build it? 6. John paid $40 for a bicycle which was 2 /7 of the price he would pay for a motorcycle. What did the motorcycle cost? 7. At $2% per dozen for photographs, what is the cost of each? 8. What is the interest on $500 for 5 1 /. years at 6%? 9. If you own $5.00 of stock in a base- ball club and the stock goes 10% above par, how much is it then worth? 10. In a list of 150 words, Henry missed 15. What per cent did he spell correctly? Lesson X MENTAL ARITHMETIC ' 5-9-18 (Conductor will read problems, giving pupils two minutes for each. Write answers only.) 1. If four men can build a fence in eight days, ho x w long will it take two men to build it? 2. What is the interest on $400 for four years and six months at 6%? 3. At $100 per acre, what will a quarter section of land cost? 4. Twelve plus fifteen, divided by nine, plus four, times five, minus seven, divided by four, times seven, plus one, divided by five, plus two, plus nine, divided by three, equal? 5. Find the cost of 10 barrels of apples, when two barrels cost $4.50. 6. 3/7 of 21 is 3/10 of what number? 7. A man's salary is $150 per month. He spends % of it for clothing and other expenses. How much does he save in a year? 8. A grocer sold flour last week at $1.50 per sack and this week at 10% advance on last week's selling price. Find the price of flour per sack this week. 9. What is the difference between % of V 2 and % of 1? 10. If apples sell at the rate of three for five cents, what will one dozen cost? Lesson XI MENTAL ARITHMETIC 4-11-19 (All results are to be secured mentally. Fif- teen minutes for entire list.) 1. What will 6y 2 gallons of milk cost at lie per quart? 2. How many apples can be purchased for 35c if one apple costs 3%c? 3. James sold his house for $1500.00, which was % of what he paid for it, what per cent did he lose? 4. Frank is 16 years old and Jane is % as old. The sum of their ages is equal to % of their father's age. How old is the father? 5. John lost 4/9 of his money and had 50c left. How much had he at first? 26 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 6. I have 210 bushels of wheat and sell 20% of it. How many bushels have I left? 7. What is the interest of $300.00 for 3y 2 years at 6%? 8. How many square rods in 6 acres? 9. % of 15 is % of what number? 10. How many minutes are 15 thirds of an hour? Lesson XII MENTAL ARITHMETIC 5-9-19 (Conductor of examination to read question, answers only required. Time allowed, 3 minutes to each problem.) 1. What is the interest of $500 for iy 2 years at 6%? 2. What will six dozen of oranges cost at the rate of three oranges for five cents? 3. In an examination a pupil missed four out of ten questions. What per cent were right? 4. How much change should I receive out of 75 cents after paying for three pounds of sugar at 15 cents per pound? 5. A farmer sold % of his horses and then had 30 horses remaining; how many had he at first? 6. How many forties in a section of land? 7. A farmer sells one-sixth of his sheep to one person and three-fourths to another. How many sheep does he sell? 8. Three-fourths of 80 is % of what number? 9. Find the cost of nine barrels of apples at $3.40 per barrel. 10. If apples cost $1.25 per bushel and are sold at the rate of 40 cents per peck, what is the gain on one bushel? Lesson XIII MENTAL ARITHMETIC 3-26-20 Write out complete analyses of: 1. 80 is % of what number? 2. If 2 men can husk a field of corn in 12 days, how long will it take 4 men to do the work? 3. A boy spent $12, which was 16%% of his money. How much had he at first? 4. If a merchant buys an article for $60 and sells it for $75 what per cent does he gain? 5. What will it cost to excavate for a cellar 12 feet long, 10 feet wide and 6 feet deep at 70c per cu. yard? (Write answers only. Do all work mentally. Examiner should hand each pupil a list of ques- tions and allow ten minutes for the answers.) 1. How many sq. rds. in 10 acres? 2. Write the equivalent fractions for the following per cents: 20, 12y 2 , 66%, S7V 2 , 8%. 3. Take the sq. root of 64, and multiply it by 2 times 3. From the result take the difference between 9 and 17, and to this result add the product of 4 and 6. 4. If milk sells at 12c a quart, what will 1 gallon, 1 quart, 1 pint cost? 5. What will be the interest on $500 at 6% for 2 years and 6 months. Lesson XIV MENTAL ARITHMETIC 5-7-20 Write out the solution in full: 1. What is the interest on $400 for 2 years, six months, and 15 days, at 6% per annum? 2. What will be the cost of 2 pecks, 3 quarts of beans at 20 cents a quart? 3. If 2 men can do a piece of work in 12 days how long will it take 3 men to do the same work? 4. How many board feet of lumber in a plank 6 feet long, 6 inches wide, and 2 inches thick? 5. If % of a number is 16 what is iy 2 times the number? (Write answers only. Do all work mentally. Examiner should hand each pupil a list of ques- tions and allow ten minutes for the answers.) 1. How many square rods in 4% acres? 2. % + %+l^=? 3. y 2 xv 3 = ? %^3=? 4. If 25% of a man's money is $40, what is 12 1 / 2 >% of his money? 5. What will 60 apples cost if bought at 5 for 2 cents? Lesson XV MENTAL ARITHMETIC Examiners will detach PART II before handing out this list. PART I Write complete analyses of the follow- ing: 1. If a nock of 42 Plymouth Rock chick- ens average 72 eggs a year each and the average price per dozen is 21 cents, what is the value of the eggs? 2. James White shipped a can of cream each day during the month of September. If the can and cream weighed 72 pounds, EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 27 the can alone weighing 12 pounds, what was Mr. White's cream check at the end of the month, cream being worth 32 cents per pound? 3. If % of a pound of coffee costs 24 cents how many eggs at 2 cents each will pay for a pound of coffee? 4. A steer on .foot weighs 1325 pounds, when dressed it weighed 795 pounds. The dressed beef was what per cent or what part of the live weight? 5. Find the cost of insuring a house worth $6400 at % of its value, premium being one per cent. PART II (Write answers only. Do all work mentally. Examiner should hand each pupil a list of ques- tions and allow ten minutes for the answers.) 1. How many acres of land in a field 80 rods long and 20 rods wide? 2. A quart of water weighs 2 pounds. What is the weight of 25 gallons of water? 3. If hail damages a corn field to the extent of $8 per acre, what is the damage to a quarter section of land? 4. A farmer employs a boy to pull cockle burrs from his field. If the boy works 4 days of ten hours each at 15 cents per hour, what does he receive at the end of the time? 5. What is the value of two pounds and eight ounces of butter at 40 cents per pound? Lesson XVI MENTAL ARITHMETIC 5-6-21 Examiners will detach PART II before handing out this list. PART I Write a complete analysis of the follow- ing: 1. If land is worth $160 per A., what will 1% A. cost? 2. A town has a population of 24,000 which is a gain of 20% in ten years. What was the population ten years ago? 3. A merchant bought tablets at $2.50 per hundred and sold them at 5c each. Find the gain per cent. 4. Add y 2 , %, %. 5. Frank earns $45 and board while John earns $60 and pays $25 board. Which has the most net return? PART II (Write answers only. Do all work mentally. Examiner should hand each pupil a list of ques- tions and allow ten minutes for the answers.) 1. What is the interest on $300 for 3 years at 6%? 2. A farmer harvested 800 bushels of grain. He sold one-eighth of his crop. How many bushels did he have left? 3. A man's yearly income is $2,000. His expenses amount to $1,650. How much does he save in a year? 4. What is % of 9 times 8? 5. Frank has 4 dimes, 4 nickles and 4 cents in his bank. His sister has J4 as much in her bank. How much has his sister? Geography Lesson I GEOGRAPHY 4-8-15 (Answer ten) 1. Name and locate the mountain sys- tems of each continent and give the direc- tions in which they extend. 2. Name four of the greatest wheat raising countries of the world. Which of these do not export wheat largely? Why? 3. What, where and for what noted is each of the following: London, Pekin, Mediterranean, Niagara, Panama? 4. Define the following: cape, bay, es- tuary, promontory. 5. Draw outline map of Nebraska, lo- cating capital and largest city. 6. Name the three principal railroad systems of Nebraska. Locate. 7. Give three ways in which Western Nebraska can be made more productive. 8. Name three plains of South Amer- ica and tell for what each is noted. 9. (a) Name two leading exports of the United States. Tell from what city each is exported, (b) Name two imports and from where imported. 10. What are the principal occupations of the people of Australia? 11. Give the reason why so much of northern Africa is desert. 12. Draw a map of your county, locat- ing towns and villages. Lesson II GEOGRAPHY 5-7-15 1. What is a resource? An industry? 2. Why were cattlemen opposed to the settlement of Nebraska? 28 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 3. Why are cattle raised in one part of Nebraska and fitted for market in another part? 4. Give four reasons why western and central Nebraska should increase in popu- lation. Would such development benefit Omaha and Lincoln? If so, how? 5. Give location and purpose of the Panama Canal. 6. Name five important exports of the United States. 7. Write ten lines describing the prin- cipal industries and products of Australia. 8. Define: island, peninsula, cape, promontory, strait. 9. Name the leading exports of South America. 10. Name countries leading in the pro- duction of cotton, coffee, tea, silk, wool Lesson III GEOGRAPHY 3-9-16 1. Define latitude and longitude, and explain their uses. 2. Locate a delta, a volcano, a penin- sula, a glacier, a desert. 3. How does the Dominion of Canada compare with the United States as to size, climate, natural resources and products? 4. What are the chief river systems of South America? 5. Where are the following cities: Madrid, Manila, Moscow, Chattanooga, Honolulu? 6. What are the great waterways for internal navigation in the United States? 7. Prom what localities of the United States are the following products ob- tained: wheat, copper, lumber, cotton, iron, corn, tobacco? 8. Locate the principal grain regions of Europe. 9. Give location and extent of the Him- alaya Mountains. 10. Draw an outline map of Nebraska, showing the principal river, largest city, the capital, the sand hills, and the three principal railroads. 3. Name and locate four important navigable rivers of the world. 4. Name five important cities in Eurasia and tell in what country each is located. 5. What country competes with the United Sates in the production of wheat? Of iron? Of butter? Of eggs? Of cotton? 6. In what direction does the Panama Canal run? What cities at the ends of the canal? 7. In what part of Nebraska do we find artesian wells? Springs? Clear streams? 8. Lo.cate five of the following: Dis- trict of Columbia, Philippines, Mexico, Cuba, London, Argentina, Volga. 9. What and where are any five of the following: Lisbon, Alps, Rhine, Rio Grande, Omaha, Chili, Arctic. 10. Draw a hemisphere and on it name and locate the five zones. Lesson V GEOGRAPHY 5-5-16 1. Compare rainfall and production of eastern and western Nebraska. 2. Name the two chief industries of Ne- braska.' Name our chief products. 3. Name an important product of each of the following countries: Brazil, China, France, Ceylon, the West Indies. 4. What is the form of government in the United States? In France? In Ger- many? In England? In Russia? In Mexico? In Japan? In China? In Bel- gium? In India? 5. Write ten lines on position, size, shape, drainage and surface of Africa. 6. Where are the following found: dia- monds, coal, gold, silver, iron? 7. What three things give rise to manu- facturing in New England states? 8. What and where are these: Omaha, Greece, Congo, Nile, Sahara, Pekin, Petro- grad, Fujiyama, Chili, Siberia? 9. Write ten lines on Egypt and the Nile Valley. 10. Compare Africa and South America in regard to extent, coast line, mountains, climate, rivers and productions. Lesson IV GEOGRAPHY 4-14-16 1. Draw a map of Nebraska, locating only the following: Platte River, Repub- lican River, Lincoln, Omaha. Give the location of your county in this map. 2. Why is geography an important study? Lesson VI GEOGRAPHY 3-22-17 1. Define great circle and small circle with reference to the earth's surface, and give an illustration of each. 2. (a) What is the latitude of the North Pole? (b) Where would a place having zero longitude be located? EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 29 3. What are ocean currents, and how do they affect climate? Give one illus- tration. 4. Give location and one fact of inter- est about each of the following: Liver- pool, _ Yukon, Himalaya, Manila, Amazon. 5. (a) What is a river basin? (b) A river system? 6. (a) Name five important cities lo- cated on the Mississippi, (b) Five on the Great Lakes. 7. (a) Locate the five largest cities of Nebraska, (b) Name the five most im- portant interior rivers of Nebraska. 8. Bound your county. 9. Name one of the principal products of each of the following: California, Bra- zil, Michigan, France, China, Japan, Ha- waii, Persia, Arabia, Pennsylvania. 10. (a) Give reasons for the rapid growth of San Francisco since 1849. (b) Tell of its present condition and its future prospects. Lesson VII GEOGRAPHY 4-20-17 1. Why do not the people of the Philip- pine Islands have cellars under their houses as we do? Describe their houses and explain why they are built so differ- ently from ours, not taking into considera- tion the class of people there. 2. Discuss the Philippines as to cli- mate, soil, productions, forests, character of the people. 3. Draw a map of your county, locating township, towns, R. R., streams. 4. Draw a map of Nebraska, putting in streams, capital, metropolis and your own county seat. 5. Name and locate the different divis- ions of time in the U. S. 6. Discuss the reasons for the present prices of wheat and corn as compared with the prices five years ago. 7. Make a list of farm products com- mon to S. A. and U. S. Name some prod- ucts that are extensively raised in one and not in the other. 8. Give several reasons why South America has not developed as rapidly as the United States. 9. Is it an advantage or a disadvantage to South America that it is divided into so many more countries than the United States? Why? 10. Locate the arid sections of both North America and South America and give reasons for lack of rain. Lesson VIII GEOGRAPHY 5-11-17 (Answer ten) 1. What generally is the surface of Ne- braska? Where are the highest and low- est sections? 2. What is the chief product of the southern states? The chief industry? (Discuss these two topics.) 3. What is Eurasia? Name four riv- ers in Eurasia and tell in what direction they flow. 4. Name the largest city in Europe; in the United States. Tell two things of im- portance about each of these cities. 5. What form of government has Ger- many, England, France, Sweden, Russia? 6. Why do the people of Europe come to the United States and become citizens of this country? What nations are repre- sented in our country? 7. Name two things we eat or drink which we import from Asia. What do we export to Europe? What do we import from Europe? 8. What are exports? Imports? 9. What constitutes a good harbor? Tell where some good harbors are found in America. Why has Australia so few good harbors? 10. The Middle Atlantic States do a great deal of manufacturing. Why do they not farm? Name five articles manu- factured. 11. Name and locate the important riv- ers of Nebraska in the order of their size. 12. Where is the loess region in Ne- braska? The sandhill region? Lesson IX GEOGRAPHY 4-12-18 1. Name the five leading countries of Europe and give the capital of each. 2. How has the present war affected the industries of the United States? 3. Define and give example of (a) Peninsula; (b) Strait; (c) Cape; (d) Is- land. 4. Name and locate three important mountain systems in the world. 5. Name the zones and give reasons for their boundaries. 6. What are ocean currents, and how do they affect climate? Give one illustration. 7. Name three types of government. Give an example of each. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION' QUESTION' BOOK 8. Into what topographic regions is the surface of Nebraska divided? 9. Bound Nebraska by States. By Lati- tude. By Longitude. 10. Draw an outline map of Nebraska, locating principal rivers, five largest cities, indicating the metropolis and capital and locating your county and county seat. Lesson X GEOGRAPHY 5-10-18 1. Draw a map of Nebraska and locate the following therein: a. Platte, Republican, Niobrara rivers. b. Omaha, Lincoln, Grand Island, Mc- Cook, Alliance. c. Bound Nebraska by states, by lati- tude, by longitude. d. How many counties are in the state of Nebraska? e. Name three railroads in Nebraska. 2. Describe the climate of Nebraska, the soil, the surface slope. 3. Name one or more natural resources of Nebraska. 4. Name the leading industry of Nebras- ka. Name three other industries. Name the main products of the industries you have named. 5. State definitely what causes the dif- ferent seasons of the year. 6. What is a glacier, canyon, geyser, desert, an iceberg, a mountain, river, val- ley, lake, gulf, cape, an island? 7. Locate and describe as fully as you can the Panama canal. 8. How many states in the United States of America? Name ten and give the cap- ital city of each. 9. Name and locate three important mountain systems of the world. 10. Why is a study of geography im- portant? Lesson XI GEOGRAPHY 4-11-19 1. Why is the study of geography im- portant? 2. Compare South America and North America in production and commerce. 3. Name the form of government in the following: United States, England, France, Japan, Mexico. Which is the better and why? 4. Where are the following found in the United States: coal, wheat, iron, gold and lumber? 5. Why do the New England states have manufacture and we agriculture? 6. Name two products of the United States we export in large quantities and two products we import in large quantities. 7. Why have so many people come from foreign countries to the United States to live and so few leave the United States? Give two or more reasons. 8. Why are cattle raised in one part of Nebraska and fitted for market in another part? Tell in which part they are raised and in which part they are fitted for mar- ket. 9. Name three possessions of the United States and give one product of each of two of them. 10. Name and locate two mountain sys- tems in the U. S. Name three products of each system. Lesson XII GEOGRAPHY 5-9-19 1. Bound Nebraska. Name and locate three cities, two rivers, and two railroads in Nebraska. 2. Name and locate three main topo- graphical regions of Nebraska and give products of each. Name three important industries of this state. 3. Give latitude and longitude of the United States. Name the waters that touch it and describe its climate. 4. Locate the wheat, corn, cotton, to- bacco, sugar, lumber, coal, iron and cattle producing regions of the United States. 5. Name four important seaports in United States, two in South America, one in Australia, three in Asia and five in Europe. 6. Define: axis of earth, the poles, lati- tude, longitude, equator, tropics, arctic cir- cle, and prime meridian. 7. Name the seasons of the year and tell what causes them. What causes day and night? 8. Name the oceans and continents in the order of their size. 9. Name three principal products in the torrid zone, five in the temperate and three in the frigid zone. 10. Name and locate four great moun- tain systems and six important river sys- tems of {he world. 11. Name and locate four cantonments of the United States and tell how the men were selected and cared for in these camps. 12. Name and locate three cities, two rivers and two battle grounds of impor- tance in the war which is just closing. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 31 Lesson XIII GEOGRAPHY 3-26-20 1. Draw a map of Nebraska. Indicate and name four important rivers. 2. Name the chief industry of Nebraska. Name five products of this industry. 3. Locate the following regions in Ne- braska: Sand Hills, Loess, High Plains, Bad Lands. 4. Name three important resources and three important industries of Nebraska. 5. Define: cape, plateau, erosion, longi- tude, import. 6. Where in the United States are the great oil wells? What are the principal products made from petroleum? 7. Name and locate five large seaports. 8. Name and locate the zones and give the general climate of each. 9. Name two wheat producing states; two cotton producing states; two manufac- turing states; two lumber producing states; two ore producing states. 10. Name and locate three groups of islands owned by the United States. Of what value are they to us? Lesson XIV GEOGRAPHY 5-7-20 1. Draw an outline map of Nebraska showing the location of four important rivers. 2. Briefly describe the different seasons in Nebraska. 3. Name and locate five great river systems of the world. 4. Name the six continents or grand di- visions in order of their size. 5. Locate two great mining regions of the world; two farming regions; two fish- ing regions; two manufacturing regions. 6. What is the leading industry of the New England States? The Southern States? The Central States? The Rocky Mountain States? The Pacific Coast States? 7. Name and locate five great distribut- ing centers of the United States. 8. What products are received from South American countries? What are sent to South American countries? 9. Define: oasis, source, ore, sediment, glacier. 10. What and where are the following: Canal Zone, Gibraltar, Vancouver, Duluth, Yosemite? Lesson XV GEOGRAPHY 4-8-21 1. Draw an outline map of Nebraska and locate four important rivers, and three cities. 2. Compare the rainfall and production of eastern and western Nebraska. 3. (a) Name two leading exports of the United States. From what parts of the United States do they come? (b) Name two imports of the United States and tell from what countries they come. 4. Locate the following and tell what it is: London, Pekin, Mediterranean, Ni- agara, Alps, Amazon, Manila, Suez, Sahara, Nile. 5. Name the five chief countries of Europe and some of the principal indus- tries of each. 6. Draw an outline map of your county locating and naming the principal towns and cities, streams, and railroads. 7. Name six New England states. Why is there so much manufacturing carried on in New England? 8. Mention on« state of the United States producing large quantities of each of the following articles: copper, oil, cane sugar, coal, wheat. 9. Make a drawing of the earth, show- ing the different zones and naming the circles that form their boundaries. 10. Bound the United States. Lesson XVI GEOGRAPHY 5-6-21 1. Name and locate five state institu- tions in Nebraska. 2. Draw an outline map of Nebraska. Bound it and locate the capital, the me- tropolis, the town in which you live, and the two important rivers. 3. Name the continents in order of their size. Name the oceans in order of their size. 4. Name five leading industries and tell in what part of the United States each one is carried on. 5. Locate the following and tell what each is: New York, Panama, Andes, Miss- issippi, Paris, Hawaii, Washington, D. C, Ontario, Lincoln, Madrid. 6. What is geography? Why is the study of geography important? 7. Write definitions for the following: axis of the earth, latitude, longitude, trop- ics, prime meridian. 32 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 8. Locate the following: the Bad Lands, climate of Canada with that of the United the Niagara Falls, one oil region, one cop- per region, one lumber region of the United States. 9. Compare the climate of Mexico with that of the United States. Compare the States. 10. Name two large rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean; two that flow into the Atlantic Ocean, and two that flow into the Pacific Ocean. G rammar Lesson I GRAMMAR 4-8-15 (Answer ten) 1. Define adjective, adverb, verb. 2. What is a transitive verb? A regular verb? 3. What is a clause? Write a sentence containing a noun clause in the objective case. 4. What is a phrase? Write a sentence containing an infinitive phrase. 5. Define simple, complex and compound sentences. 6. Mary attends school. Write this sentence in the (a) present perfect tense, active voice, indicative mode; (b) future tense, active voice, indicative mode; (o) past tense, active voice, indicative mode; (d) future tense, active voice, subjunctive mode. 7. Parse nouns and pronouns in the fol- lowing stanza: "The roses are a regal troop, And modest folk the daisies; But bluebells of New England, To you I give my praises." S. Write the feminine form of man, Mr., prince, king, lion. 9. Write the possessive singular and the possessive plural of these: child, ox, man, lady, boy. 10. Diagram or analyze: "He most lives who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best." 11. Parse verbs in the above sentence. 12. Choose the correct words and re- write these sentences: (a) Every leaf and every flower (look, looks), as fresh as if (it, they) (was, were) growing in June instead of August. (b) My brother (lay, laid) his books on the table and then (lay, laid) down on the lounge. Lesson II GRAMMAR 5-6-15 (Answer ten) 1. Having saddled our horses, we mounted and continued our journey across the trackless plain with only the north star to guide us. Diagram or analyze. 2. Classify the words in above sentence as to parts of speech. 3. Parse the verbs and participles. 4. What is the construction of "Having saddled our horses"? 5. What kind of a phrase is "to guide us"? What kind is "across the trackless plain"? 6. Parse all nouns and pronouns in sentence under question 1. 7. Use the following correctly in sen- tences: lie, lay, lain; sit, set; done, did. 8. What is mode? Name and define three modes. 9. Write three collective nouns. Three abstract nouns. 10. What is a personal pronoun? A relative pronoun? An interrogative pro- noun? 11. Give the principal parts: sell, make, cost, find, write. 12. Write a brief review of one selec- tion you have had in eighth grade reading, being careful in the. use of capitals, punc- tuation, correct words, spelling, paragraph- ing, and stating your ideas clearly. Lesson III GRAMMAR 3-9-16 (Answer ten) 1. Capitalize and punctuate: Mary was the daughter of king henrys first wife Catherine and was a devout catholic. 2. Write a sentence containing (a) noun clause used as the subject, (b) as the ob- ject. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 33 3. Write a complex sentence containing an adverb clause and underscore the clause. 4. Give the principal parts of blow, lie, do, see, show. 5. Write the possessive singular and the possessive plural of these: mother-in-law, child, ox, fox, woman. 6. Name five parts of speech and write sentences illustrating each. 7. Name the different degrees of com- parison. What parts of speech admit of comparison? 8. The infinitive in the following sen- tences is used as what part of speech: "To go to school is a privilege." "Mary wishes to borrow a pencil." "To save in youth is to provide in old age." 9. Write sentences showing the use of lie and lay, see, seen and saw, sit and set, may and can, shall and will. 10. What is a clause? A phrase? 11. Diagram this sentence and parse the words in italic type: Such a pleasant cottage it was with a shiny clean stone floor, and curious old prints on the walls, and brass dishes, and a cuckoo clock in the corner which began shouting as soon as Tom appeared." Lesson IV GRAMMAR 4-13-16 (Answer ten) 1. Why do we study grammar? How may we derive the most benefit from this study? 2. Name and use in sentences, three classes of pronouns, two classes of ad- verbs. 3. What is a clause? Classify clauses as to form. Classify as to use. 4. Write plurals: quail, lady, man, buf- falo, wolf, money, sister-in-law, sheep, herd, ox. 5. Diagram the following sentence and name the part of speech of each word: "They that seek me early shall find me." 6. Give the feminine form of the follow- ing nouns: king, master, lad, lion, Mr. 7. Write a sentence containing (a) a noun clause, (b) an adjective clause, (c) an adverb clause. 8. Write a sentence containing a col- lective noun. An abstract noun. A proper noun. 9. Give the principal parts: buy, lose, paid, blow, ring. 10. Capitalize and punctuate: "I found the line in lowells vision of sir launfal said mary it reads now the heart is so full that a drop o'erfills it." 11. Parse verbs: "He assisted the farmers occasionally in the lighter work of their farms; helped to make hay; mended the fences; took the horses to water; drove the cows to pasture and cut wood for the winter fire." Lesson V GRAMMAR 5-5-16 (Answer ten) 1. Diagram: "The two young Cratchits crammed spoons into their mouths, lest they should shriek for goose before their turn came to be helped." 2. Parse the verbs in the above sen- tence. 3. Name and use in sentences three" classes of pronouns. 4. Give the principal parts: work, hear, know, play, try. 5. Classify the words in the following sentence as to parts of speech: "Ichabod prided himself as much upon his dancing as upon his vocal powers." 6. Write a sentence containing an in- finitive phrase. A participial phrase. An adjective phrase. 7. Define simple, complex and compound sentences. 8. Classify sentences as to use. 9. When is a verb transitive? When regular? 10. Give past tense of each of these words: sing, run, help, fly, call, read, move, carry, fix, control. 11. Name and define three classes of pronouns. Lesson VI GRAMMAR 3-22-17 (Answer ten) 1. Write a letter ordering several ar- ticles from a business firm. Speak of money enclosed in payment. State how goods are to be shipped. 2. Use correctly in sentences: eaten, gone, lie, blown, chose, drunk, knew, laid, seen, went. 3. (a) Write three sentences illustrat- ing the different cases of pronouns; (b) three illustrating the different cases of nouns. Underline word and give case. 4. (a) Name the modifications of nouns; (b) of verbs, (c) What modifica- tions are the same? 5. Diagram: He who receives a good turn should never forget it; he who does one should never remember it. 34 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 6. Define sentence, clause, phrase. 7. Underline verbs and tell whether active or passive voice: 1. The man was offered a good po- sition by his employer. 2. An old settler guided the soldiers along the field. 3. The Savior healed the sick, com- forted the poor and lowly. 4. All our fears were swept away by the cheering news. 5. Will you lay your book on the table? 8. Illustrate by sentences: present tense, past tense, future tense. 9. Define complex sentence, compound sentence. Give an example of each. 10. Use in sentences and tell the part of speech: fourth, east, or, that, soon. 11. Write a sentence illustrating the use of the comma, the exclamation point, the interrogation point, the semi-colon, the colon. 12. Give five rules for capital letters. Lesson VII GRAMMAR 4-19-17 1. Classify as to form, also as to use. Copy sentences: 1. What was he? 1 2. "Words are not dead; they are liv- ing things." 3. "Hurry to school, or you'll rue it." 4. " 'The very image of the Great Stone Pace!' shouted the people." 2. Write sentences using correctly as subjects: committee, flock, crowd, con- gress, army. 3. Define a verb and illustrate each part of your definition by a sentence. 4. Classify the parts of speech under the following heads: substantives, assert- ing elements, modifying elements, connect- ing elements, independent elements. How is the preposition used? 5. Use a collective noun in a sentence; use a noun as a subject; as an object, as nominative of address; nominative abso- lute; direct object; adjunct accusative; adverbial accusative; accusative with prep- osition; indirect object; in apposition; genitive of possession, genitive of connec- tion. 6. What is the difference between the noun used as nominative, accusative and dative or as the genitive? 7. Illustrate "antecedent" in a sentence. What are the demonstrative pronouns? What are the relative pronouns? 8. Compose a sentence containing the verb "whistled" used as a transitive verb; change it to an intransitive verb in an- other sentence. 9. Diagram on your paper and write out the analysis in full for the following sentence: You pupils whose lives are now so filled with joy, will be the tillers of the soil; the men and women of tomor- row; the citizens of the future. 10. (a) Give the author of a poem you have learned this year. Name the poem and quote two or more stanzas of it. What other poems have you studied this year? (b) Name the pictures you have studied this year. Give the names of the artists of these pictures, (c) What picture did you like best? Why do you like it best? Lesson VIII GRAMMAR 5-10-17 1. Use the following verbs in sentences with both the direct and indirect object: (a) bought, (b) showed, (c) found, (d) gave, (e) offered. 2. Write a letter ordering several ar- ticles from a store. State whether goods are to come by parcel post, express or freight, and whether you are sending money order, check or draft. 3. Write a sentence containing a rela- tive pronoun; conjunctive pronoun; noun in possessive case; noun in nominative case by apposition. 4. Classify sentences as to use; as to form. (Illustrate each). 5. Give principle parts of the following verbs: go, pass, ride, sing, run. 6. Insert correct pronouns: It is not it is - — . • - is going to tell a story. and are going to see 7. Define "clause," "phrase," and "sen- tence." (Illustrate each.) 8. Write a sentence containing a verb in the active voice. Change the sentence so as to make the verb passive. 9. Make a check, draft or money order to pay for goods bought in queston No. 2. Illustrate in sentences present, past and future tense. 10. Diagram sentence and parse the words in italic: Washington, the father. of 7m country, was one of our greatest statesmen. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 35 Lesson IX GRAMMAR 4-11-18 1. Give two good reasons why we should study language and grammar. 2. Name the parts of speech and give an example of each. 3. What is the function of the subject of a sentence? Of the predicate? Of the object? 4. What is voice? What does active voice show? Passive voice? Write a sen- tence having a verb in active voice. One having verb in passive voice. 5. Name the classes of sentences as to use. As to form. Illustrate each by giving a sentence. 6. What is a participle? An infinitive? Write a sentence containing a participle. An infinitive. 7. Analyze or diagram: The man who buys Liberty Bonds is helping Ms country to win the war. 8. Parse words in italic in No. 7. 9. Give three rules for formation of plurals, and give a word to illustrate each rule. 10. Write a ten-line essay on "Thrift." Make it practical and up-to-date, to meet conditions in the United States today. Lesson X GRAMMAR 5-10-18 1. Give the principal parts of the fol- lowing verbs: come, let, give, rode, tell, walk, sing, fly, drink, leave. 2. Write sentences, using the word run as a transtive and as an intransitive verb. Use the word eat the same way. 3. Write a sentence in which a clause is used as subject. As object. 4. Define simple, complex and com- pound sentences. Give an example of each. 5. What are the modifications of the noun, verb, pronoun? 6. Give the definition for a regular or weak verb, for an irregular or strong verb. Give an example of each. 7. Write a letter to a friend inviting him or her to visit you after school is out for vacation. 8. John studies grammar. Write this sentence in the (a) present perfect tense, active voice, indicative mode; (b) future tense, active voice, indicative mode; (c) past tense, active voice, indicative mode; (d) future tense, active voice, imperative mode. 9. Give the comparison of the following adjectives: good, beautiful, plain, good- natured, honest. 10. Give the rules for the use of shall and will. Lesson XI GRAMMAR 4-10-19 1. Define a simple sentence, a complex sentence, a compound sentence. Give an example of each. 2. Write a sentence having a clause used as the subject. As the object. (Under- line the examples given.) 3. Name the parts of speech and give examples of each used in a sentence. 4. What are the modifications of the noun, pronoun, verb? 5. Define the transitive verb, intransi- tive verb. Give an example of each. 6. Parse the nouns and verbs in the following sentence: Washington, who was born in Virginia, was our first president. 7. Give the comparison of the following adjectives: honest, narrow, good, large, valuable. 8. Give the rules for the formation of plurals and give a word to illustrate each rule. 9. Define infinitive, participle. Give an example of each. 10. Write a letter ordering several ar- ticles from a business firm. State amount enclosed. Also how goods are to be shipped. Lesson XII GRAMMAR 5-8-19 1. Give the principal parts of the fol- lowing verbs: see, begin, come, eat, swim, drink, choose, arose. 2. Give five rules for capital letters. Give an example of each. 3. Write a letter ordering several ar- ticles from a business firm. State how goods are to be shipped and speak of money enclosed in payment. 4. What is a personal pronoun? A relative pronoun? An interrogative pro- noun? 5. Compare the following adjectives: many, little, good, bad, much, handsome. 6. Name the classes of sentences as to form; as to use. Illustrate each by giving a sentence. 7. Use the following correctly in sen- tences: lie, lay, lain, sit, set, done, did, seen. 8. What is the opposite of quick, brief, 36 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK correct, excellent, hopeful, clean, honest, deep, long, wide. 9. Define each: gender, case, voice, mode, tense. 10. Write a brief review of one selection you had in the eighth grade reading, being careful in the use of capital, punctuation, correct words, spelling, paragraphing, and stating your ideas clearly. Lesson XIII GRAMMAR 3-25-20 1. Define: subject, predicate, object. Point them out in the following sentences: This young man had never seen an aeroplane. Without metal tools he could not cut the stone. 2. Give the principal parts of thess verbs: go, see, have, walk, wash. 3. What is a clause? Write a sentence containing a noun clause, an adjective clause. 4. What is a transitive verb, an intran- sitive verb? Illustrate each by a sentence. 5. Name the part of speech of each word in the following: Where we now live the Indians roamed in the days of our ancestors. 6. Write the following sentences with the correct word in place of the two in parentheses: Neither of these stories (is, are) very interesting. The garrison with three regiments of soldiers (was, were) captured. Either you or my sister (has, have) done this. 7. Write sentences containing: 1. A noun in the nominative case. 2. A noun in the objective case. 3. A noun in the possessive case. 8. Diagram or analyze the following sentence: "Give to the world the best you have and the best will come back to you." 9. Write the sentences given below using I, me, he, him, she, or her in place of the blank spaces: 1. It was he and who went (I. me) down to the river. 2. What were you and read- (he, him) ing? 3. You said it was that wanted (he, him) to see me. 4. I should not do it if I were (she, her) 5. Is John taller than ? (I. me) 10. Parse each word in the following sentence: The sun shines very brightly. Lesson XIV GRAMMAR 5-6-20 1. Classify sentences according to use and form. Illustrate with sentences. 2. Use these words in sentences cor- rectly: come, came, saw, seen, has, have, had, go, went, gone. 3. Give part of speech of each word in the following sentence: Lincoln's ability to meet an emergency was often tested. 4. Write out the conjugation of the verb go in the present perfect tense. 5. Give two uses for each of the words appearing in italic type: The man whom you saw is my father. Can you tell where she lives? I know ichose book that is. 6. Diagram or analyze the following sentence: "Whenever he went about the village he was followed by a group of children." 7. Why should one study grammar? 8. What is a common noun, a proper noun? 9. Define: voice, number, antecedent, clause, pronoun. 10. Write a sentence with each of the following: a. Noun — plural number, possessive case. b. Pronoun — personal, singular, first person, objective case. c. "Verb — indicative mood, transitive, passive voice. Lesson XV GRAMMAR 4-7-21 1. What is a transitive verb, an intrans- itive verb? Illustrate each by a sentence. 2. What are the modifications of the noun, verb? 3. Write a sentence containing a direct quotation, and punctuate correctly. 4. Diagram, or analyze, the following sentence and parse the words in italic type: u She came up the lane, with a pail in her hand." 5. Write a simple sentence, a complex sentence, a compound sentence. 6. Compare good, bad, late, polite, pretty. 7. Write the plural of each of the fol- EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 37 lowing nouns: lady, potato, piano, calf, loaf, sheep, couple, deer, attorney, ax. 8. Use the noun pumpkin as follows: As the subject of a sentence. As the object of a transitive verb in a sentence. As the object of a preposition in a sentence. As a possessive in a sentence. 9. Give the principal parts of the fol- lowing verbs: do, come, ring, drink, go. 10. Classify sentences: (a) with regard to use; (b) with regard to form; (c) illus- trate each. Lesson XVI GRAMMAR 5-5-21 1. Name the kinds of sentences as to use and give an example of each. Name the kinds of sentences as to form and give an example of each. 2. Give the principal parts of the fol- lowing verbs: catch, do, know, see, froze, give, ride, dream, swim, teach. 3. Name the tenses of the indicative mood. 4. What is the difference between a phrase and a clause? Illustrate. 5. What is the difference between a transitive and intransitive verb? Illus- trate. 6. Write the plural: child, family, knife, man, turkey, tax, lady, tooth, mouse, and deer. 7. Use these words in sentences: come, came, has, have, do, did, go, went, had, and set. 8. Here are six verbs: lie, lay; sit, set; rise, raise. Use these words correctly in sentences. 9. Explain the proper uses of "can" and "may." Explain the proper uses of "shall" and "will." 10. Give the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives: good, bad, high, low, beautiful. English Composition Lesson I ENGLISH COMPOSITION 3-26-20 1. Write a short description of an in- teresting place you have seen. 2. Relate briefly an incident that has come within your own experience. 3. Pill the blank spaces with who, whose, or whom. 1. The boy studies will learn. 2. The girl book was lost is here. 3. Jack is a young man can be trusted. 4. Jack is a young man I can trust. 5. The man we saw yesterday is waiting in the hall. 4. Properly capitalize and punctuate the following: i found these lines in longfellows evan- geline said Mary it reads silently one by one in the infinite' meadows of heaven blossomed the silent stars the forgetme- nots of the angels. 5. Imagine that school is out. Write a letter to your teacher. Be careful that you do not sign your name to the letter. Just sign it "Name." Lesson II ENGLISH COMPOSITION 5-7-20 1. Briefly tell an imaginary story hav- ing the following beginning: As I was walking through the fields one morning I saw a few feet from the path .;.... 2. Write a letter to a seed house order- ing garden seeds. 3. Write the plurals for the following words: lady, man, potato, wolf, money, brother-in-law, herd, ox, sheep, quail. 4. Briefly describe a meeting you have attended. 5. Of what value to you is the work in English Composition? Lesson III ENGLISH COMPOSITION 4-7-21 1. Write a letter to Messrs. Brandin and Company, Chicago, Illinois, ordering six pairs of shoes and eight pairs of rubber boots, and write the word, "Signature," instead of signing your name to the letter. 2. Write five lines of poetry you have committed from some author you have 38 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK studied. Use care in punctuation and capi- talization. 3. Use correctly in sentences the fol- lowing words: done, seen, wrote, written, came. 4. Explain three uses of the dictionary. 5. Give the principal parts of the fol- lowing verbs: eat, take, fly, teach, learn. 6. Give three rules for the use of cap- ital letters. 7. Address an envelope properly to State Superintendent John M. Matzen, Lincoln, Nebraska, and show where the stamp should be placed on the envelope. 8. Fill in the blank spaces with who, whose or whom: (a) The boy studies will learn. (b) The girl book was lost is here. (c) Jack is a young man can be trusted. (d) Jack is a young man I can trust. (e) The man we saw yester- day is waiting in the hall. 9-10. Tell an original or imaginary story. (90 to 120 words.) Lesson IV ENGLISH COMPOSITION 5-5-21 1. Draw an envelope and address it cor- rectly to Mrs. James E. Johnson who lives at 3892 Pierce street, Baltimore, Maryland. Outline stamp. 2. Use the following words correctly: were, say, gone, buy, catch. 3. Of what value to one is English Com- position? 4. Briefly tell an imaginary story. Punctuate it properly. 5. Write the singular possessive and the plural possessive of man, sheep, country, child, city. 6. Give three rules for the use of the period; two for the use of the comma. 7. Write a letter to the superintendent of the high school you wish to attend, tell- ing him that you expect to enter next fall, asking when school will begin and what subjects will be offered in the ninth grade. Give him your age and home address. Sign "signature." 8. Select the correct pronouns for each of the following sentences: 1. You and (he, him) may go. 2. It was he and (I, me) who went. 3. I should go with you and (he, him). 4. This is (I, me). 5. Are you laughing at him and (I, me)? 9. Arrange, punctuate and capitalize the following: brokenbow nebraska may 5 1921 dear friend i shall be very glad to have you visit our school friday May 5 1921 yours truly 10. Write a business letter to Messrs. Ellis and Wade, at Chicago, ordering the following articles of merchandise: Two pairs of men's shoes, sizes seven and eight, one lady's spring hat number 567A89, 10 yards silk number 55234. Tell them that you are inclosing the money to pay for the goods. Reading Lesson I READING 4-9-15 1. Name five selections you have read this year and give the author of each. 2. Who is your favorite author? Name two selections he has written. Give a quo- tation from one of them. 3. Name three characters in the poem, Evangeline, and write a statement about each. 4. Tell all you can about the author of Evangeline. 5. Why should we read daily papers? 6-10. Read a selection to the examiner. Lesson II READING 5-7-15 1. Why is reading such an important subject? 2. What is meant by emphasis? How would you emphasize a word when read- ing? 3. Tell in your own words the story of some poem you have read. 4. Give three reasons for reading the daily papers. 5. Name a selection written by Long- fellow, Whittier, Poe, Abraham Lincoln, Bryant. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 39 6-10. Read a selection to the examiner. (May be omitted at option of examiner.) Lesson III READING 3-10-16 1. How may the dictionary be of use in studying your reading lesson? 2. Why should everyone strive to read well? How may you become a good reader? 3. What is a "memory gem"? Give one. 4. Name five selections arid give author of each. 5. Give three reasons for reading daily newspapers. Name one thing that is at- tracting much attention at present. 6-10. Read selection to examine! (May be omitted at option of examiner.) Lesson IV READING 4-13-16 1. Why do we study reading? 2. Why is reading our most important subject? Give three reasons. 3. Would you read this selection slowly or rapidly, and why? "Slowly and sadly we laid him down, From the field of his fame fresh and gory; We carved not a line, we raised not a stone But we left him alone with his glory." 4. Name five poets and one selection from each. 5. Tell the story of some poem you have read. 6-10. Read a selection to the examiner. (May be omitted at option of examiner.) Lesson V READING 5-5-16 1. Why should we read daily papers? 2. Who is your favorite author? Tell in your own words the story of some selection from his pen. 3. Give two quotations and name the author of each. 4. Tell all you can about Longfellow. 5. What is emphasis? Poetry? Prose? 6-10. Read a selection to the examiner. (May be omitted at option of examiner.) Lesson VI READING 3-23-17 1. Mention three things that will help you to become a good reader. 2. What is the most important topic now discussed in the newspapers? Name two others of interest. 3. Write a stanza of some poem (not less than four lines). Name author. 4. Name a selection written by any five: Lincoln, Whittier, Jefferson, Holmes. Longfellow, Lowell, Tennyson. 5. Mark words to be emphasized: "Now, in building chaises, I tell you what, There is always somewhere a weakest spot; And that's the reason, beyond a doubt, A chaise breaks down, but doesn't wear out." Lesson VII READING 4-20-17 1. (a) What constitutes good reading? (b) Name some of the advantages derived from good reading. 2. Write a favorite quotation and give the name of the author. 3. Name four books you have read and the author of each. Which do you like best, and why? 4. What are the differences between good and bad literature? 5. Of what use are punctuation marks? 6. Copy the following stanza and under- line the words which should be empha- sized: "The rich man's son inherits land and piles of brick and stone, And he inherits soft, white hands and tender flesh which fears the cold, Nor dares to wear a garment old, A heritage, it seems to me, one scarce would wish to hold in fee." 7. What is the meaning of "piles of brick and stone"? 8. What is the meaning of the second and third lines? 9. What is the meaning of the last line? 10. Rewrite the stanza in your own words. 40 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK Lesson VIII READING 5-11-17 (Answer eight) "I know a place where the sun is like gold, And the cherry blossoms burst with snow; And underneath is the loveliest nook Where the four-leaf clovers grow. "One leaf is for hope and one is for faith, And one is for love you know. But God put another one in for luck — If you search — you will find where they grow. "But you must have hope, and you must have faith, You must love and be strong, and so, If you work, if you wait, you will find the place "Where the four-leaf clovers grow." 1-5. Write the thoughts expressed in this poem in your own words. 6. Give three good reasons why you should be a good reader. 7. Mark diacritically, syllabify, cross out silent letters and mark accent in the following words: magnify, deplorable, car- dinal, lawless, definition. 8. Draw a line under the words which should be emphasized in the following sen- tences: (a) Did you pick the strawberries? (b) Yes, I picked them last night. (c) "Give me liberty or give me death!" (d) "Oh for boyhood's days in June!" 9. What should you have in mind in preparing a reading lesson? (Give at least three things.) 10. Define emphasis and accent. Illus- trate. Lesson IX READING 4-11-18 1. Mention three important things to do in studying a reading lesson. 2. What are three important things to do in oral reading? 3. Name two American writers of prose and a selection of each. 4. Name two American writers of poetry, and a poem of each. 5. (a) What is a paragraph? (b) What is a stanza? G. Of what use are punctuation marks? 7. (a) Would you read Lincoln's Gettys- burg address slowly or rapidly? Why? (b) Would you read Mother Goose rhymes slowly or rapidly? Why? 8. After each of the following, write a word that means almost the same: be- neath, ancient, dominion, vision. 9. Draw a line under the important words: "Reading without purpose is saun- tering, not exercise. More is got from one book on which the thought settles, for a definite end in knowledge, than from libraries skimmed over by a wandering eye." 10. Write a quotation and give the author. Lesson X READING 5-9-18 1. How may the dictionary be of use in studying your reading lesson? 2. Name five poets and one selection written by each. 3. Name and illustrate the use of four punctuation marks. 4. Give three reasons for reading daily newspapers. 5. Write ten lines on the poem "Evan- geline," telling briefly on what historical event the story of Evangeline is based, a summary of the story, and the best thought in the story. 6. Define: articulation, accent, emph asis, paragraph, stanza. 7. What is oral reading? Silent read- ing? 8. What are phonics? Name five phono- grams. 9. Who is your favorite author? Name two selections by him. 10. Give your favorite quotation and name its author. Lesson XI READING 4-10-19 1. Give name, author and synopsis of your favorite poem. 2. Why is a poor reader apt to be a poor scholar in school? 3. How does the dictionary help in studying your reading lesson? 4. Name five authors represented by se- lections in your reading book. From memory, write extracts from any one of them. 5. What is meant by emphasis? Write a sentence indicating the words which should be emphasized. 6. What was your greatest difficulty in learning to read well? How have you over- come this difficulty? 7. On what historical event is Evange- EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 41 line based? Name four characters in the poem. Who wrote this poem? Describe Evangeline. 8. Give authors of five of the following selections: Snow Bound, Vision of Sir Launfal, Thanatopsis, Great Stone Face, Star Spangled Banner, America, and the Children's Hour. 9. Read any three questions aloud as assigned by examiner. 10. Read as you are called upon, giving spirit of the occasion: It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they, who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the ' great task remaining before us; — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. — Abraham Lincoln. Lesson XII READING 5-9-19 1. (a) What is reading? (b) What do you understand the phrase "a good reader" to mean? 2. Give reasons why one must become a good reader in order to become a good scholar. 3. (a) Who is your favorite poet? (b) Name one of his poems and write a stanza from this poem. 4. Tell how you prepare a reading les- son that has been assigned. 5. Give the author of each of the fol- lowing: Home Sweet Home, Rip van Winkle, Old Ironsides, Snow-Bound, The Death of the Flowers, The Village Black- smith, Oh Captain My Captain, The Brook, School Days, Annabel Lee. 6. Give the meaning of the following in regard to reading: emphasis, prose, poetry, synonyms, synopsis. 7. Name five good books that you have read and give the author of each. 8. (a) Name three patriotic selections that you have read this year, (b) Three humorous selections, (c) Three descrip- tive selections. 9. What selection in reading have you enjoyed most this year? Give your rea- sons for enjoying it. 10. Copy the following stanza. Under- line the words to be emphasized. Read from your paper as you have marked it, when called upon to do so. 'An hour passed on — the Turk awoke; That bright dream was his last; He awoke — to hear his sentries shriek, 'To arms they come! the Greek! the Greek!' He awoke — to die 'mid flame and smoke, And shout, and groan, and saber-stroke, And death shots falling thick and fast As lightnings from the mountain-cloud; And heard, with voice as trumpet loud, Bozzaris cheer his band: 'Strike — till the last armed foe expires! Strike — for your altars and your fires! Strike — for the green graves of your sires, God, and your native land!'" Lesson XIII READING 3-26-20 1. Name five books you have read and the author of each. 2. How do you prepare your reading lesson? 3. What does the teacher mean when she says, "You read well"? 4. Quote 6 to 10 lines from some poem. 5. What is the main object in silent reading? Oral reading? 6. In what way is reading important in all of your work? 7. Explain the meaning. "He was a lion in the fight." "His hands dangled a mile out of his coat sleeves." "Her cheek was like a rose in the snow." "He kept the wolf from the" door." "He was snowed under at the election." 8. What is the use of punctuation marks? 9. What are some of the things that make a selection a good piece of litera- ture? 10. Underline all words in the following passage which should receive emphasis: "Aye, tear her. tattered ensign down! Long has it waved on high. And many an eye has danced to see That banner in the sky; Beneath it rung the battle shout, And burst the canon's roar; The meteor of the ocean air Shall sweep the clouds no more." Lesson XIV READING 5-7-20 1. Who is your favorite author? Tell the story of some selection he has written. 42 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 2. What does the author mean in these lines? "Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And departing leave behind us Foot prints in the sands of time." 3. Why should you use the dictionary? 4. Name five authors, giving one selec- tion from each. 5. What is a word picture, a memory gem, a patriotic selection? 6. Write a short biographical sketch of some author you have studied. 7. Name a daily newspaper, a maga- zine. 8. Define: story, biography, sketch. 9. Distinguish between prose and poetry. 10. Write a favorite quotation. Lesson XV READING 4-8-21 1. Name some selection you have read this year. Give author and tell what les- son you learned from studying it. 2. Write a memory gem and give the author. 3. What are three important things to do in oral reading? 4. Why is a poor reader apt to do poor work in other subjects? 5. Write about a five line biography of some author you have studied. 6. What benefit is derived from read ing the daily papers? 7. Use the following words in sentences: receipt, loess, constitution, contagious, zones. 8. Who wrote Evangeline, Old Ironsides, Star Spangled Banner, Snowbound, Vision of Sir Launfal? 9. Name a selection written by Poe, Abraham Lincoln, Bryant, Tennyson, Washington Irving. 10. What are three important things to do in studying a reading lesson? Lesson XVI READING 5-6-21 1. State two reasons why reading is such an important subject. 2. Name one selection by each of the following authors: Longfellow, Bryant, Lowell, Whittier, and Holmes. 3. Who wrote Great Stone Face, Snow- bound, Rip Van Winkle, Thanatopsis and the Chambered Nautilus? 4. What selection in reading have you enjoyed most this year? Give two reasons for enjoying it. 5. What three things should be kept in mind in the preparation of a reading les- son? 6. What benefit is derived from the reading of daily papers? 7. Write your favorite memory gem. 8. How does the dictionary aid you in reading? 9. Name three patriotic selections you have read. 10. On what historical event is Evange- line based? Name some of the principal characters, in the poem. Who wrote the poem? Reading Before completing the eighth grade every pupil should be familiar with the biography of each of the following authors and be able to give a brief resume of each selection. Would suggest memorizing one of the best stanzas of each poem. (Practically all selections can be found in Elson's or Searson & Martin's Readers.) Great American Authors Washington Irving Page 111 Rip van Winkle " 113 The Voyage " 132 Nathaniel Hawthorne " 139 The Great Stone Face " 141 My Visit to Niagara " 163 Edgar Allen Poe " 170 A Decent Into the Maelstrom.. " 172 The Raven " 190 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow... " 194 Evangeline: A Tale of Arcadia " 197 The Building of the Ship " 251 John Greenleaf Whittier " 263 Snow-Bound " 265 The Ship Builders " 2S-5 Oliver Wendell Holmes " 289 The Chambered Nautilus " 291 The Wonderful "One-Hoss Shay" " 292' Old Ironsides " 292 The Boys " 298 The Last Leaf " 300 James Russsell Lowell " 302 The Vision of Sir Launfal " 303 Yussouf " 215 Sidney Lanier " 319 The Marshes of the Glynn " 319 (The above selections may be found in Elson's Grammar School Reader, Book IV. The numbers refer to pages in text.) Memorize America Star Spangled Banner The Flag Goes By The Name of Old Glory EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 43 Lincoln's Gettysburg Speech Love of Country — Scott Abou Ben Adhem A Song for Flag Day — Wilbur Nesbit (The last twenty pages of Searson & Martin's Eighth Grade Eeader contain excellent memory gems.) Additional Suggestions of Selections to be Memorized Page The Bugle Song 43 To a Waterfowl (50 Love of Country 355 Dedication Speech at Gettysburg. ... 374 Reputation — Othello 104 Wolsey and Cromwell — Lines 38 to 43 104 Charge of the Light Brigade 22 Destruction of Sennacherib 74 Burial of Sir John Moore 85 Paul Revere's Ride — "A hurry of hoofs in a village street" (8 lines) or last stanza ' 15 To a Skylark — Seventh and last stan- zas 64 Marco Bozzaris — Last stanza 82 The Building of the Ship — Last stanza 251 Snow-Bound — Lines 31 to 53 or 155 to 175 265 The Chambered Nautilus — Last stanza 291 The "Vision of Sir Launfal — Lines 33 to 95 303, 304 Speech of Patrick Henry — Lines 82 to end 350 Supposed Speech of John Adams- Lines 50 to 60 367 The American Flag — First and last stanzas 385 Recessional — First and last stanzas.. 390 (The above selections may be found in Elson's Grammar School Reader, Book IV. The numbers refer to pages. Also see Searson & Martin's Eighth Grade Reader.) British Authors Alfred Tennyson Robt. Browning William Shakespeare Walter Scott Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Burns William Wadsworth Felecia Hemans (Study briefly biographies and selections. May be found in Elson's Grammar School Readers, III and IV.) Bookkeeping Lesson I BOOKKEEPING 3-26-20 1. What is bookkeeping? Why should a person know how to keep books? 2. What is a note, a check, a draft, a money order, a receipt? 3. George W. Cummings orders 12 Breasted Maps of the United States from the University Society of Chicago at $10 each. Write the letter ordering the maps. 4. Write the bill for the maps sent Mr. Cummings. 5. Write the check of Mr. Cummings in payment of the bill. The check is on the Farmers State Bank. Lesson II BOOKKEEPING 5-7-20 1. Make an inventory of the following articles found in the desk of a pupil: 1 Reader 85 cents, 1 Arithmetic 90 cents, 1 Speller 35 cents, 1 Gram- mar 65 cents, 1 Physiology 75 cents, 1 Geography $1.20, 1 compass 35 cents, 2 note books each 20 cents, 1 ruler 10 cents, and 1 Pro- tractor 15 cents. 2. Horace Billings borrows $250 of Samuel Kent. He is to have the money for 90 days and is to pay 8% interest. Write the note. 3. John Lawson has money deposited in the Farmers' State Bank of Pawnee City. He owes • Sawyer, Barclay & Co of the same place an account amounting to 62 dollars. He pays the amount by check. Write the check. 4. Write the receipt for the account given in the third question. 5. Which is the best way to send money through the mails; by check, draft, money order, or currency? Why? Lesson III BOOKKEEPING 4-8-21 1. You purchased a bill of goods from C. F. Williams and Company amounting to $25.40. You paid for the goods by check. Write the check. 2. Mr. R. E. James owed you $40.50. He paid you today. Write a receipt for him. 3. Why is a knowledge of bookkeeping valuable? 4. Define or draw a note. Check. Re- ceipt. 44 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 5. James Smith borrows $10,000 from 2. Write an order to your home grocer Charles Brown for two years at 6%. Write for a half dozen grocery supplies. the note. 3. Write a grocer's statement of account 6. How is a check, draft, or a note for above order. Receipt the bill showing endorsed? that payment has been made. 7. Of what advantage is it to a person 4. Write John Jones' note to the Smith- to be able to write a good business letter? field National Bank for $150, payable in 6 8. Write a business letter. months at 10% interest. 9. Write a check for twelve dollars in 5 - Make a check from Jonn Smith to payment for thirty bushels of corn. (Use y° u for fifteen dollars. the word "Signature" instead of your name 6. Why should a person know how to in signing the check.) keep books? 10. Mark Twain bought the following 7. Define each of the following: a note, of Johnson and Company: a draft, a check, a receipt, and a bill. 1 sack Flour, @ $3.25 $3.25 g. Explain how a check, draft, or note, 3 bu. Apples, @ 2.75 8.25 i s endorsed. 10 lb Sugar ;••••,• : ' " ' A." 1,00 9. Make an inventory of the following Make out an itemized bill for the ac- proper ty: 2 cows, each worth $95, 1 team count, of horses worth $250, 1 wagon worth $85, 1 set of harness worth $65, 1 binder worth Lesson IV $ 200 - BOOKKEEPING ^- ^ ake ou t a cash account from the following data: Received $25 salary and $10 interest on investment and you paid 1. Answer a letter to a business man out the following: $6.50 for a pair of shoes, who has advertised for an office boy or $2.50 for a pair of gloves, $1.50 for a pair girl. of hose, and gave $2.00 for charity. Agriculture Lesson I AGRICULTURE 4-8-15 1. How does a weed differ from a use- ful plant? 2. Name one bad weed the farmer has to contend with and tell what character- istics make it a bad weed, and how it can be kept down. 3. Name one disease which attacks po- tatoes, and tell how it should be treated. 4. Name three useful insects, and tell why they are useful. 5. Are birds useful enough to make it wise to protect them. Give reasons for your answer. 6. What is meant by fertile soil? What is meant by soil "wearing out"? 7. How does a roadster, or light horse, differ from a draft horse? 8. Name two beef breeds and two dairy breeds of cattle. 9. How may the school grounds of your district be beautified? 10. What experience have you had in growing and caring for plants or animals? Lesson II AGRICULTURE 5-7-15 1. What are agriculture bulletins? Of what use are they? 2. Name two breeds of horses, hogs, sheep, cattle, chickens. 3. What conditions of Nebraska climate do you regard as healthful? Unhealthful? 4. How is humus of the soil formed? 5. (a) Give the essentials of a good ear of corn. (b) Name five corn products. Lesson III AGRICULTURE 3-9-16 1. What advantages rise from testing seed corn ? 2. Why does Nebraska emphasize the teaching of agriculture? 3. Give five points by which you would judge an ear of corn. 4. Name four breeds of cattle, four of horses, four of poultry and three of swine. 5. Discuss the advantages of raising thoroughbred or purebred stock. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 45 6. Name five song birds and describe one of them, giving its appearance, habits, food. Lesson IV AGRICULTURE 4-14-16 1. How do the terms "weather" and "climate" differ in meaning? 2. What is forage? Name three kinds of forage crops. 3. Give a simple way of testing seed corn. 4. What is meant by rotation of crops? Why should crops be rotated? 5. What is meant by "dry farming?" By "irrigation"? Where is each practiced in Nebraska? 6. Why is agricultural education so prominent in Nebraska? Lesson V AGRICULTURE 5-5-16 1. Give three ways of starting or propo- gating plants. 2. How does barnyard manure lose its value when not properly cared for? 3. Which is best, a very little rain every day or a heavy rain once a week? Why? 4. Give, an effective way of controlling any one of these: mosquitoes, potato bug, chinch bug* 5. Give three ways of fighting weeds. Are weeds a benefit or a detriment? Give three reasons for your answer. 6. What is the difference between in- tensive and extensive farming? Which is generally practiced in Nebraska? Why? Lesson VI AGRICULTURE 3-22-17 1. What would you consider in buying an unimproved farm? An improved farm? 2. Why do people talk so much about the weather? 3. How does hot, dry air injure crops? 4. During which months do crops grow most, and why? 5. (a) Name three insects injurious to crops, (b) Name six song birds and de- scribe one of them. 6. Why are good roads of especial im- portance in Nebraska? Lesson VII AGRICULTURE 4-20-17 1. Of what use to a plant are the stems? What does a plant gain by a long stem? How do stems grow? 2„ What are commercial fertilizers? How are they used? 3. What is the function of roots? Name two kinds and give example of each. 4. Who is Luther Burbank? Tell at least two definite things he has done. 5. Plan a flower scheme for a window box. 6. Plan a garden plot as you should like to have your own, writing the names of the different plants in the several sec- tions. 7. What are the essential points in a desirable school site? 8. Explain budding, grafting. Why is one of these processes better for planting a peach tree than planting the seed or getting a seedling from the nursery? 9. Name kinds of chickens that belong to each of the four general classes: (a) egg breed; (b) meat breed; (c) general purpose breed; (d) fancy breed. 10. About how many eggs should a good hen lay in a year? Name three general classes of foods a hen should have regu- larly in order to be healthy and be a good layer. Lesson VIII AGRICULTURE 5-11-17 (Answer ten) 1. What would you plant in your gar- den and how would you arrange it? (Draw plot and label divisions as you would ar- range your garden.) 2. How would you prepare the soil for your garden? (Explain what time of year you would plow it; what kind of fertilizer you would use and how; how deep you would plow and any other points that enter into the preparation.) 3. What time in the day is best for watering the garden? How would you plant lettuce or radish seed differently from corn or beans? 4. How can you plan so you may have many of the vegetables from early in the summer to late in the fall? 5. What is. rotation of crops? Why should you rotate crops? 6. Name two insects injurious to gar- 46 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK dens and two that are injurious to field crops. 7. Why should flies be exterminated? Tell at least three ways we can utilize to help at least to exterminate them. 8. Explain how to build a fly trap; how to make a seed tester. 9. Why should you not plant pumpkins and watermelons or cantaloupes side by side? Why not plant white and yellow corn side by side? 10. What functions have leaves? Name four things needed for the growth of plants. 11. How is pollen carried? Name some forage and fodder plants. 12. Name two fiber crops, three root crops, three vegetable crops. Lesson IX AGRICULTURE 4-12-18 1. Between the soil particles in all soils are small air spaces called pores. Which will retain moisture better for the use of crops, a soil with large pores or a soil with small pores? In which kind of soil will moisture rise more readily? 2. Give as many ways as you can to improve soil. Why do farmers cultivate their corn soon after a rain? 3. The most useful plant foods are ni- trates, phosphoric acid, carbon dioxide and water. Which kinds come from the soil and enter the plant thru the root? Which come from the air and enter the plant thru the leaves? 4. Tell briefly how you would test seed corn. Why is it important to test seed corn? 5. Tell how to make a graft. Name one plant that is propagated by cuttings. 6. In transplating a plant, why do we water it and compress the soil firmly about the roots? 7. Why is it important that pollination take place? What insects aid in pollina- tion? 8. Name eight insects telling which are harmful and which are beneficial? 9. Write the names of the following breeds of cattle on your paper and tell which are good for beef and which are good for milk and butter: Jersey, Short- horn, Guernsey, Polled Durham. Ayrshire, Holstein, Friesian and Hereford. 10. Mention some ways in which Junior Red Cross boys and girls may help win the war. Lesson X AGRICULTURE 5-9-18 1. (a) Of what special importance is agriculture just now? Why? (b) Mention three or more crops that farmers are espe- cially urged to raise. 2. (a) When should seed corn be se- lected? (b) What points should you give attention to in the selection? 3. About what time should potatoes be planted? When would you sow spring wheat? Fall wheat? Oats? When would you plant corn? 4. (a) What is the present market price of three things a farmer has to sell? (b) Of three articles of food he must buy? 5. In what ways are birds useful to farmers? Name five useful birds. Name two harmful. How are they harmful? 6. Tell how you would get rid of weeds. 7. As to industry, to what group of states does Nebraska belong? What is the greatest crop raised in Nebraska? 8. Write a paragraph on "Why Every Family Should Raise a Garden." 9. Name two breeds of each: cattle, horses, sheep, hogs, chickens. 10. What is meant by Food Adminis- trator? Coal Administrator? Who is the Food Administrator for the United States? Coal Administrator? Lesson XI AGRICULTURE 4-11-19 1. Give two ways to improve a worn- out soil. 2. Name three important crops raised in Nebraska and tell when each should be planted. Also tell how to prepare the soil for planting each of them. 3. When should seed corn be selected? Why should seed corn be tested before planting? 4. Name three birds that are beneficial to the farmer and two that are harmful. Are toads harmful or beneficial? How? 5. Of what use to the plant are root hairs? How does sunshine help a plant to grow? 6. Of what use to the plant is the flower? 7. Name three important breeds of beef cattle. Name three important breeds of dairy cattle. 8. How would you go about it to get rid of weeds on a farm? 9. Of the following insects tell which are useful and which are harmful: silk- EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 47 worm moth, tick, cotton boll weevil, spider, gypsy moth, ichneumon fly, mosquito, lady beetle, dragon fly. 10. Write a paragraph on how to beau- tify the grounds surrounding a farm house. 1. Beautifying the farm home. 2. The ideal farm house. 3. The value of club work. 4. The value of farm accounting. 5. The value of testing seeds before planting. Lesson XII AGRICULTURE 5-9-19 1. What is meant by "rotation of crops"? By "irrigation"? What is the purpose of each? 2. Name the three most important grains raised in Nebraska. Name three grasses that are suitable for the meadows. 3. Name a breed of dairy cow that ex- cels in the amount of milk, and one that excels in the quality. 4. Tell why and how you test seed corn. 5. Tell three ways that birds, and two ways that insects help the farmer. 6. What is meant by "dry farming"? Is it practiced in your community? Why? 7. Name three kinds of poultry, and tell why each is profitable. 8. Why are weeds harmful in the soil? Name three kinds common in your neigh- borhood. 9. How may waste be prevented on a farm? Name three things that cause loss to growing crops. 10. Give some of the advantages of liv- ing on a farm. Lesson XIII AGRICULTURE 3-26-20 1. What is soil? How is it formed? 2. How may soil be improved? 3. Name the three common weeds in your locality. Tell how they spread. 4. Give a practical method of testing seed corn. 5. Give two reasons for protecting birds. Name two ways of protecting them. 6. Name the different kinds of farm ani- mals in your neighborhood. Tell the pur- pose for which each is kept. 7. Name two breeds of beef cattle. Name two breeds of dairy cattle. 8. Name the leading breeds of poultry in your community. Tell whether they are meat breeds or egg breeds. 9. What is meant by "rotation" of crops? What is the purpose of rotation? 10. Write a few lines on one of the fol- lowing: Lesson XIV AGRICULTURE 5-7-20 1. Briefly tell how to select seed corn. 2. Give three reasons for cultivating the soil. 3. What is the particular value to the soil of such plants as alfalfa and clover? 4. How does drainage improve the soil? 5. Briefly describe the dairy cow. 6. How should the farmer care for the working horse? 7. Briefly describe the breeds of hogs that are kept in your locality. 8. How can a farmer get rid of smut in small grain? 9. How can a farmer improve the va- rieties of plants? 10. How has the use of gasoline im- proved conditions on the farm? Lesson XV AGRICULTURE 4-8-21 1. Where is dry farming carried on in Nebraska? What crops are adapted to this kind of farming? 2. Name four kinds of farm machinery and state the use of each. 3. In what way has the study of agri- culture been helpful to you in your work on the farm or in the home? 4. Name five insects telling which are harmful and which are useful. 5. Tell briefly how you would test seed corn and why it is important to do so. 6. Why are good roads of especial im- portance in Nebraska? 7. Name four fiber or hay crops, three root crops, three vegetable crops. 8. What is meant by the "rotation of crops?" By "irrigation?" What is the purpose of each? 9. What things are necessary for plants to have so as to provide food for their own growth? 10. Name two breeds of horses, sheep, cattle, hogs, poultry. 48 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK Lesson XVI AGRICULTURE 5-6-21 1. Name three ways of propogating plants. Name five plants and tell how each is propagated. 2. Give three reasons for cultivating corn. 3. Name five birds and tell whether they are useful or harmful. 4. How may the fertility of the soil be injured? How may the fertility of the soil be improved? 5. What is meant by rotation of crops? Why is rotation of crops necessary? 6. What parts of Nebraska are best adapted to the erowing of the following crops: Corn? Why? Wheat? Why? Al- falfa? Why? Potatoes? Why? Fruits? Why? 7. Why are good roads very important? Whom do you think are the most benefited by good roads, people living in town or those living in the country? 8. Name three breeds of chickens. One of ducks. One of turkeys, two of cattle, two of hogs, one of horses. 9. Give three reasons why agriculture should be taught. 10. If you were to buy a farm, what are some of the necessary advantages to be considered? Physiology Lesson I PHYSIOLOGY 4-8-15 1. Name two uses of the bones. 2. What is the danger of the public drinking cup? How does water in wells sometimes become impure? 3. Why is it important to keep food away from flies? Why should the mer- chant keep his store clean and as free as possible from flies? 4. Tell about two of the following: (a) aorta, (b) retina; (c) bacteria; (d) cere- brum. 5. What is the effect of tobacco upon the nervous system? 6. Tell about and name each of the layers of skin. 7. Why do we cook most of our food? 8. Describe the process of digestion. 9. What is color blindness? Near sight- edness? 10. What is necessary in the care of the ears? Lesson II PHYSIOLOGY 5-6-15 1. Give two ways of ventilating your school room. 2. What is the nervous system? How does a continued use of alcohol affect the nerves? 3. What is the function of the lungs? 4. What is meant by (a) epidemic? (b) fumigation? 5. Tell about two of the following: (a) pericardium, (b) esophagus, (c) dia- phragm, (d) eustachian tube. 6. Name the organs of respiration. 7. Are colds serious? How wooild you treat a cold? What diseases may result from colds? 8. Describe the care of the eyes when reading. 9. Why should not a child sit at a desk that is too high? On a high seat? 10. How would you treat a burn? Frost- bite? Fainting? Sunstroke? Drowning? Lesson III PHYSIOLOGY 3-9-16 1. Why should food be well chewed? 2. Name three contagious diseases. 3. What is meant by quarantine? Fumi- gation? 4. Are colds contagious? Give reasons for your answer. 5. Are colds serious? Name two di- seases that may develop from colds. 6. How should a cold be treated? 7. Write ten lines on dangers from house flies and how to get rid of them. 8. Why should we drink plenty of water? 9. How would you treat a sprain? A burn? A frost bite? A pin scratch? A cut? 10. Describe a good cold weather exer- cise. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 49 Lesson IV PHYSIOLOGY 4-13-16 1. How many bones in the human body? Describe the structure of a bone. 2. What do we mean by anatomy? 3. What is a sprain? A dislocation? A fracture? 4. Describe the effects of alcohol upon the heart. 5. Give the affects of tobacco- upon a growing boy. 6. How can you determine whether bleeding is from an artery or vein? 7. If from a vein, how would you bandage? If from an artery? 8. What would you do in case of faint- ing? Drowning? Sunstroke? 9. Write ten lines on ventilating a schoolhouse. 10. What kind of exercise is best? Lesson V PHYSIOLOGY 5-5-16 1. Describe the structure and work of the skin. 2. Where are the kidneys? What is their work? 3. How does alcohol affect the blood? 4. Name the special senses and their organs. 5. What is the use of the blood? 6. Name the organs of digestion. 7. What is food? Why do we need a mixed diet? 8. Name two kinds of muscles. 9. Write five lines on the use of tea and coffee. 10. Give three reasons why boys should not use tobacco. Lesson VI PHYSIOLOGY 3-22-17 1. Name three things to be done in properly caring for the teeth. 2. How may school children help in keeping school houses and grounds in a sanitary condition? 3. What is meant by the nervous sys- tem? What habits may injuriously affect the nervous system? 4. Give two uses of the blood. 5. Name two organs that remove bodily waste. What can we do to assist these organs in their work? 6. Name the organs of digestion and tell how to keep them in a healthy con- dition. 7. What are two of the following: ' (a) salivary glands, (b) enamel, (c) patella, (d) eustachian tube? 8. How should a burn be treated? 9. When and how often should a per- son bathe? 10. What is meant by (a) quarantine, (b) fumigation? Lesson VII PHYSIOLOGY 4-19-17 1. What is a narcotic? Name four. 2. Is alcohol a food? If so, why? If not, why? 3. How does the use of tobacco affect scholarship? 4. What is the testimony of the athletic word against drink? What makes a drunk- ard's nose red? His eyes bloodshot? 5. What are the cilia and of what use are they? 6. Name four juices of the body. Tell what food they affect and state their ac- tion upon this food. 7. Give examples of ball and socket joint, hinge joint, sliding joint. What is the purpose of joints? 8. Define ligament, vertebrae, sinew, periosteum, ganglion, tonsils, capillary, diaphragm, larynx, trachea? Explain fully. 9. Show what happens to- a breath of air, from the time it enters the mouth until it comes out of the body. What or- gans does it pass through? What does it do in the body and what changes come to it? 10. What are adenoids? How do they affect a person who has them? What should this person do to get relief? Lesson VIII PHYSIOLOGY 5-10-17 (Answer ten) 1. What is a quarantine? Where and why is it established? 2. What diseases should be quaran- tined ? 3. What do you understand by "The Pure Food Law"? Name some foods which might become impure when exposed to dust and air. 4. Name four of the chief organs of circulation. Of what use are they to you? 50 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 5. Of what does the nervous system consist? How is it like a telephone or telegraph system? 6. What is meant by contagious dis- ease? Name three contagious diseases. What is the duty of the Board of Healtn in time of contagious diseases? 7. What objection should you have to using the same drinking cup as the other members of the school use? How can this be avoided? 8. Name the special senses. How should the eye and ear be protected? (Ex- plain fully.) 9. What do you think is the purpose of physical training? 10. Name some effects of overeating; of too rapid eating; of not chewing the food. 11. What are adenoids? How should we breathe naturally? How do many people breathe, unnaturally? Why? wheat and meat? Why should we use such substitutes freely at this time? 3. Name the organs of the digestive ap- paratus. 4. Why is it not best to tell exciting or distressing news at meal-time? 5. What are some of the causes of the decay of the teeth? 6. What care should be given to the eyes while in school? Name three parts of the eye. 7. How may children help to keep the schoolhouse and the grounds in a sani- tary condition? What are some of the things that should be looked after? 8. What poison is found in tobacco? Name some organs of the body that it weakens. 9. Describe the use of each of the five senses. 10. How is the heat of the body kept up? How is it regulated? Lesson IX PHYSIOLOGY 4-11-18 1. (a) What can you say of the food value of milk? (b) Of alcohol? 2. What kind of food is necessary in a cold climate? In a warm climate? 3. What are the effects of good exer- cise? 4. How would you ventilate a school room? 5. Name the chief organs of circula- tion, and describe the structure and use of each. 6. How may contagious diseases be spread in the school room? 7. Tell how to care for the teeth, and give three things that are injurious to the teeth. 8. What are the two general classes of muscles? Define and give an example of each. 9. How many hours of sleep are neces- sary each day for a young person from 13 to 15 years of age? 10. Name five habits that would be conducive to health. Which of the five do you consider most important? Lesson X PHYSIOLOGY 5-9-18 1. Name three classes of foods. What is each class used for in the body? 2. What are the chief substitutes for Lesson XI PHYSIOLOGY 4-10-19 1. How much sleep is necessary for boys and girls 13 to 15 years of age? What care should be used in regard to sleeping rooms? What care in regard to bedding? Why should every one use different cloth- ing for sleeping than for wearing during the day? 2. How should the eyes be protected while one is reading? What care must be taken in their use after illness? How can one determine when glasses are needed? What danger to the eyes is the use of a public towel? 3. What is the purpose of quarantine? Of what value is it? Why is it necessary? Should we obey quarantine laws carefully and cheerfully? Why or why not? 4. Describe a good sitting posture? Tell how to stand correctly. What effect does a good position have on (a) appearance? (b) growth? (c) health? 5. How may flies prove dangerous to health? What can boys and girls do to help get rid of flies at home? At school? 6. Tell how teeth help to keep the body in good condition. How often should they be cleaned? What may cause the teeth to decay? How can decay be prevented? 7. Name three forms and three uses of bones. Locate the following: patella, femur, humerus, frontal, tibia. 8. If a playmate should fall and break his leg, what should be done? In case of accident resulting in a severe cut on EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 51 the arm, causing blood to spurt from the wound, how would you proceed? 9. What do the lungs do for the body? Give three things that we should do in order that they may perform their work in the best way. 10. Distinguish between voluntary and involutary muscles. Give an example of each. Lesson XII PHYSIOLOGY 5-8-19 1. Nearly all soldiers who have re- turned from service in the army have gained in weight. What is the reason? 2. What does it mean to disinfect a room? Is it necessary to disinfect school- rooms? How may this be done? 3. What is the danger in the use of a common drinking cup? What is the impor- tance of frequent bathing in combatting disease? 4. Describe the changes that occur in bones with advancing age. How does this effect the mending of a broken bone? Why is a severe strain worse than a broken bone? 5. What is a tendon? Of what use is it? Why does an injured tendon heal more slowly than an injured J bone or muscle? 6. What is a gland? Name and locate the glands that secrete the various di- gestive fluids? 7. Define diaphragm, tonsils, adenoids, corpuscles, larynx. 8. Why do we have more colds in win- ter than in summer? Is there any danger in having a. cold? How may one avoid colds? 9. Give two reasons why the food should be well chewed before it is swal- lowed. What generally results from a habit of swallowing food before it is prop- erly chewed? 10. What changes does the air undergo in the lungs? Why is it necessary to breathe pure air? Lesson XIII PHYSIOLOGY 3-25-20 1. What is the importance of daily exer- cise? 2. What are the uses of the skin? How may it be kept in good condition? 3. Why should individual towels and drinking cups be used in school? 4. Are the following beneficial or harm- ful and in what way? Drinking coffee, wearing high heeled shoes, eating slowly, sleeping with win- dow open, brushing the teeth, playing out of doors. 5. What is the blood? How does it be- come impure? How is it made pure? 6. How can the medical inspection of school pupils be made beneficial? 7. What are contagious diseases? Name three. What should be done with a per- son who has a contagious disease? 8. The other morning I had for my breakfast the following: a baked apple, corn flakes and cream, a piece of buttered toast, a poached egg and a glass of milk. Why o.r why not was it a good breakfast? 9. Name the organs of the body that aid in digestion. How? 10. Tell what and where each of the following is: biceps, aorta, iris, cerebrum, corpuscles. Lesson XIV PHYSIOLOGY 5-6-20 1. Of what use to the body are fruits, water, salt, butter, vegetables? 2. Should dust be removed from school room desks by means of a damp cloth or a feather duster? Explain* 3. Where should a well be located with reference to the buildings on the farm? 4. Why is open air exercise better than indoor exercise? 5. Name and briefly describe the or- gans of circulation. 6. Name five good health habits. 7. Plan a school lunch, naming the articles of food and give reasons for their selection. 8. Write a few lines about '"Fresh Air." 9. Name the parts of the tooth, tell of what it is composed, and describe a good method of caring for teeth. 10. Define physiology, hygiene. Lesson XV PHYSIOLOGY 1. Name the system, stating each. 2. Name the system, stating each. 3. Name the system, stating each. 4-7-21 organs of the digestive the work performed by organs of the respiratory the work performed by organs of the circulatory the work performed by 52 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 4. Why is it necessary that food be well chewed? 5. Write a brief paragraph on the care of the teeth. 6. Why is a good supply of fresh air necessary? 7. Write a brief paragraph on the venti- lation of a sleeping room. 8. What is meant by the wo-rd "conta- gious" when used in reference to a dis- ease? Give some ways of preventing the spread of contagious diseases. 9. How is circulation affected by pos- ture and carriage? 10. How much sleep should an eighth grade pupil have? Why? Lesson XVI PHYSIOLOGY 5-5-21 1. Why should our food be well chewed? What are the bad effects of rapid eating? 2. Name the organs of circulation. Give a brief description of the heart. 3. Name the special senses. Give rules for the care of the eyes. 4. Name three contagious diseases. Mention two ways by which these diseases may be controlled. 5. What are the general effects of the use of alcohol upon the body? Why is the use of tobacco especially harmful to a growing boy? 6. Give a full explanation of how each of the following accidents should be treated: drowning, clothing on fire. 7. Distinguish between voluntary and involuntary muscles. Give an example of each. 8. What is meant by epidemic? Fumi- gation? 9. Tell what and where each of the following is: pericardium, esophagus, cere- brum, eustachian tube, aorta. 10. What is the danger in the use of the common drinking cup? Common towel? Orthography Lesson I ORTHOGRAPHY 4-8-15 1. Write and define words containing the following prefixes: pre, re, semi, anti, fore. 2. Indicate the pronunciation of the following by the use of diacritical marks: relief, oak, chestnut, cartoon, wagons. 3. Use the following words in sentences: presence, presents, profits, prophets, scent, cent, pare, pear, gilt, guilt. 4. When and for what purpose should the dictionary be used? 5-10. Examiner pronounce these words: Lesson II ORTHOGRAPHY 5-6-15 1. Mark diacritically the following words: honesty, obey, queer, acre, janitor. 2. Write and define words containing the following prefixes: peri, anti, pro, non, in. 3. Give two rules for spelling and an appropriate word for each rule given. 4. Define any two: monosyllable, vowel, diphthong, macron, suffix. 5. Why are words divided into syllables? spelling official acreage description 6-10. Spell from dictation: agriculture elevator label lettuce anticipate embarrass palate chaos bronchitis incredible nerve design injurious jewelry woolly diploma offence lymph salary singular campaign obstacle census confess camera fascinate remodel medicine cartridge forfeiture fragile balsam convenience habitual alas Russian decorate hypnotize camphor umbrella imperative industrious museum dandelion invincible mercenary celery excel lieutenant occasional vacate EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 53 Lesson III ORTHOGRAPHY 3-9-16 1. Mark diacritically: omelet, righteous- ly, pamphlets, veteran, pioneer. 2. Write and define words having the following prefixes: syn, tile, peri, mono, non. 3. Write and define words having the following suffixes: ate, ary, an, able, ness. 4. Define any two: monosyllable, poly- syllable, macron, caret, synonym. 5. Abbreviate: Nebraska, secretary, merchandise, bushel. 6-10. Spell from dictation: accord neighborhood boistrous observance capable parcel delegate qualify excuse receipt family secede government traitor humanity undertaking immediate venerable Jerusalem witness kindred youthful language zenith menace Lesson V ORTHOGRAPHY 5-5-16 1. Write ten lines on the value and use of the dictionary. 2. Define and illustrate five rules in spelling. 3. Define orthography, consonant, diph- thong. 4. Underscore suffix, and give meaning of words: biped, subway, transport, semi- annual, antecedent. 5. Divide into syllables and mark ac- cent: aggregate, peaceably, permanent, cancellation, content. 6-10. Spell from dictation: abode nauseous beginning obedient calm pallid deceit question esteem rebel forcible scholarship generous tiresome homage uncertain ignorant vague judicial wanton Kentucky yield laborer zealous masculine Lesson IV ORTHOGRAPHY 4-13-16 1. Use these words correctly in sen- tences: right, write, rite; pale, pail; tear, tare. 2. Use in sentences in such a way that the differences in meaning will be clearly shown, the following pairs of words: pro- tection and shelter; study and consider; site and residence; partnership and com- pany; proceed and advance. 3. Define synonyms and give example. 4. Mark diacritically: argue, character- istic, dishonor, ghost, neighborhood. 5. Give two rules for use of capitals. 6-10. Spell from dictation: advise neutral bountiful paragraph changeable option debt quotation expel receive farming significant grateful triumph . humble unique incentive vengeance John worship knowledge yearly luxury zero minister Lesson VI ORTHOGRAPHY 3-23-17 1. Give meanings of the following words and prefixes and use each correctly in a word: per, inter, circum, bene, anti, tri, semi, super, non, re. 2. Indicate by diacritical markings, the pronunciation of the following words: in- sect, liable, all, they, moon, half, such, cow, live, control. 3. Write two rules for forming the plural from singular forms of words. 4. Use correctly in sentences the fol- lowing words: aisles, isles, clime, climb, flue, flew, pare, pair, pear. 5-10. Spell correctly when pronounced: autumn business bicycle government recognize justice believe mutually apology pursuit January sincere February circle island education receive orchestra banana scientific vegetable canal separate choir humor 54 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK Lesson VII ORTHOGRAPHY 4-19-17 1. Define: orthography, elementary- sound, vocal, sub-vocal, aspirate. 2. When should you double the con- sonant on taking a suffix beginning with a vowel? - 3. Write and define words containing the following prefixes: syn, in, peri, mono, con. 4. Illustrate in words, all sounds repre- sented by the following a,e, i, c, g,oi, ch, th, ou, oy. 5. Analyze the following words: recog- nize, community, indelible, officiate, maint- enance. 6. Use synonyms of the following: rich, becoming, gayly, somber, efficient. 7. Define derivative, prefix, suffix. 8. Give eight rules for the use of cap- itals and illustrate. 9-10. Conductor will detach and have all write these words at the same time. Then collect immediately. fatigue association nervous philanthropist insanity tuberculosis entente benefactor paralyze separate foreigners revenue religion geyser meridian Christianity Caucasian Guiana resemblance temp?rature Lesson VI 7 I ORTHOGRAPHY 5-10-17 Conductor will pronounce words. Pupils will write words and papers will be col- lected at once: which their there separate don't meant business many friend some been used always where women done hear here guess says having just doctor whether believe knew laid tear choose grammar minute any much beginning blue though write writing heard does once would since can't sure loose lose Wednesday country February know could seems Tuesday answer two too ready forty hour trouble among busy built color making dear wear coming early instead easy through every tired they hair break buy again very none weak often whole won't piece raise ache read said hoarse shoes tonight wrote enough truly sugar straight cough Lesson IX ORTHOGRAPHY 4-11-18 1. Write the word instead of the abbre- viation of the following: Sec, Supt., Atty., P.M., Co. 2. Define: word, sylable, accent, primi- tive word, derivative word. 3. Mark diacritically the following words: creek, suggest, majestic, genuine, frightful. 4. Name, give example, and give the meaning of two prefixes and two suffixes. 5. Give rules for retaining and drop- ping final "y" when a suffix is added. 6-10. Spell from dictation: ambulance knife potatoes index thrift conservation American separate government service information patriotic savings flagstaff truly resource accident ninety quorum similar EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 55 Lesson X ORTHOGRAPHY 5-10-18 1. Give two rules for spelling and illus- trate each rule by appropriate words. 2. Define: elementary sound, vocal, sub- vocal, aspirate, word analysis. 3. Illustrate, by using in words, five sounds of the letter "a". 4. Mark diacritically the following words: rigid, evolution, army, government, remainder. 5. Divide into syllables and mark the accent: caterpillar, museum, hospital, tomato, hemisphere. 6-10. Spell from dictation: indication training public private citizen narcotic straight community conservation manicure preamble immediate monarch recruit saliva volcano Democracy superintendent college vinegar aeroplane ideal grammar aviator construct auxiliary misspell separate organization memorize oration goldenrod score promote Lesson XI ORTHOGRAPHY 4-10-19 1. Give three rules in spelling and illus- trate each rule by appropriate words. 2. Use the following words in sen- tences: right, there, stake, fore, pale. 3. Explain how to use the dictionary. (a) What are the diacritical markings? (b) Why are words divided into syl- lables? (c) What is meant by primary accent? (d) What is a derivative word? 4. Write the words instead of the fol- lowing abbreviations: Dr., Feb., Gen., cwt., P. M., C. O. D., Rev., U. S. N., rec'd, Lieut. 5. (a) Write two words containing pre- fixes and tell the meaning of each prefix used. (b) Write two words containing suffixes and tell the meaning of each suffix used. 6-10. Detach and pronounce to class: legislature resident representative # American armistice operation language financial suffrage government determined recommend soldier detriment sacred statement Lesson XII ORTHOGRAPHY 5-8-19 1. Define the following and give exam- ples: synonyms, antonyms, paronyms, homonyms. 2. Write the abbreviation of the follow- ing words: postscript, take notice, mer- chandise, gentleman, professor, present month, mister, for example, foot, gallon. 3. Write words containing the following prefixes and give meaning of each prefix: mis, un, non, sub, anti. 4. Write words containing the following suffixes and give meaning of each suffix: less, en, hood, ate, able. 5. Distinguish between a primitive and a derivative word. Give five derivative words and the root from which each is de- rived. 6-10. Spell the following words: believe siege referee necessary beginning armistice specimen cerebellum court-martial granary criticise mileage oriole dairy graduation Clemmons principal engage agreeably usury tying sacred occurrence immediate feminine McKelvie Woodrow burglar curiosity apparel perilous bouquet incubator cannibal calcimine cartilage cancer cabinet irksome innocent relieve permanence bronchitis liable cocoanut enrollment possession constable Lesson XIII ORTHOGRAPHY 3-25-20 1. Of what use is the dictionary? 2. Give two rules for forming the plurals of nouns ending in "y." 3. Write words illustrating the long and short sounds of each word. Mark the vowel. 56 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 4. Use correctly in sentences the follow- ing words: to, too, two; pear, pare, pair; sight, site, new, knew. 5. Tell how you prepare your spelling lesson. 6-10. The examiner will detach and pro- nounce the following list of words, giving the meaning of the word when necessary. which again doctor daily across sincerely friend dollar American color premium triangle does separate wear minute circle always bushel wood says service remember seems geography hour grammar league adverb history write their feeble believe principal piece forty much treaty soldier hygiene armistice language citizen until election thrift busy woman census Lesson XIV ORTHOGRAPHY 5-6-20 1. Divide into syllables and mark ac- cent: calendar, library, automobile, geogra- phy, advertise. 2. Explain how to use the dictionary. 3. Define orthography, accent, prefix, hyphen, monosyllable. 4. Which is the easier for you: oral spelling or written spelling? Why? 5. What are synonyms? Antonyms? Homonyms? Illustrate each. 6-10. Examiner will detach and pro- nounce the list of words, giving the mean- ings when necessary: business typhoid many damage women missionary principle southern writing reign February acid Wednesday badge making decimal coming plural buy season arithmetic isle course oceanic whole sewing often president piece exhibit raise beneath enough diary sugar receive tonight mileage truly debit tarry absence section pistil scene capitol pursue unit itself independence Lesson XV ORTHOGRAPHY 4-8-21 1. Give two rules for spelling and write words to illustrate after each rule you have written. 2. What is a prefix? A suffix? Give an example of each and give meaning of the whole word in which each is used. 3. Define: synonyms, antonyms, homo- nyms. Give examples after each definition. 4. Write the words for the following abbreviations: acct., B.C., ft., Dr., Jan. 5. Mark diacritically: swallow, pneu- monia, visible, irrigate, janitor. 6-10. Examiner will detach and. pro- nounce the list of words, giving the mean- ing when necessary: afraid which would night thank sincerely every yesterday receive Sunday oblige because though friend business several remember women February company together obtain unfortunate character separate evidence arrive distribute pleasure necessary salary direction request mention absence general government beautiful express wonderful factory attention neighbor consider foreign important celebration famous population treasure EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 57 Lesson XVI ORTHOGRAPHY 5-6-21 Examiner will detach Part II before giving out this list of questions. PART I 1. Name the vowels and give two mark- ings of each. 2. Use these words correctly in sen- tences: rain, reign; right, write; pare, pear; stake, steak. 3. Give three rules for capitals. 4. Write the word instead of the ab- breviation for the following: Gen., P. M., Co., Supt., Dr. 5. Give the feminine for the following words: lion, man, drake, brother, nephew, husband, host, king, hero, son. PART II 6-10. Examiner will nounce very plainly the doctor minute ache business grammar believe guess beginning writing instead Wednesday coming whether detach and pro- following words: autumn grammar separate forty prairie calendar pigeon committee furniture liberty France agriculture Penmanship Lesson I PENMANSHIP 4-8-15 1. Name two requisites of a good pen- man. 2. Name two things that have helped you to improve your penmanship. 3. Describe the proper manner of hold- ing the pen, the proper position of the body while writing, and the proper posi- tion of the paper. 4. Write the letters of the alphabet, grouping them according to the number of spaces above or below the base line. 5. Copy the following stanza: "Consider The birds that have no barn nor har- vest-weeks ; God gives them food — Much more our Father seeks To do us good." Lesson II PENMANSHIP 5-6-15 1. Write all the small letters in alpha- betical order. 2. Write all the capital letters in alpha- betical order. 3. Write the figures from one to ten. 4. Name the requisites of a good pen- man. 5. Write a neat, carefully worded letter to the Secretary of Agriculture at Wash- ington asking him to send you a copy of Farmers Bulletin No. 513, Fifty Common Birds. Lesson III PENMANSHIP 3-9-16 1. What is good writing? How ac- quired? 2. Give three reasons for good writing. 3. Why are good materials important? Write one line each of three exercises for muscular penmanship. 4. Describe the correct position in writ- ing of (a) the body, (b) arm, (c) hand, (d) pen, (e) paper. 5. Write these fractions: 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8, 9/10. Lesson IV PENMANSHIP 4-13-16 1. Distinguish between arm and finger movement. Which is the better? Why? 2. What has rate of speed to do with good writing? 3. Write the following commercial ab- breviations and tell what each means: c, $, %, @, &c, c/o, a/c. 4. How can you improve your writing? 5. Name the points to be observed in writing a letter. Lesson V PENMANSHIP 5-5-16 1. How may muscular movement in writing be acquired? 2. Write all the capital letters in alpha- betical order. 58 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 3. Write all the small letters in alpha- betical order. 4. Copy this problem: No. 1. 2X8-H- 4—3 + 5X6 + 7—9=? 5. Copy neatly: The year's at the spring And day's at the morn, Morning's at seven. The hillside's dew pearled; The lark's on the wing; The snail's on the thorn; God's in His heaven; All's right with the world. —Browning Lesson VI PENMANSHIP 3-22-17 1. Make a list of the one space letters. 2. What are movement exercises and of what use are they? 3. Give directions for holding the pen and for placing the practice paper or the copy book. 4. Name three essentials of a good pen- man. 5. Write a short letter of friendship as a specimen of your hand writing. Lesson VII PENMANSHIP 4-19-17 1. Write the letters of three spaces, five spaces, two spaces, one space in height. 2. Analyze: a, c, i, b, 1, m, t, w, h, p. 3. Write a letter ordering three articles from a dry goods merchant. Make out the bill he should enclose with the order. Note: — This letter should state whether the goods are to come by express, par- cel post, etc. 4. Write a clieck to pay for these goods. 5. You might wish to pay for this order of goods with a bank draft. Write the draft which your banker would probably make in this case. 6-10. The last five questions will be graded on your manuscript. Conductors or readers of papers will be guided by the following rules: 1. General neatness. 2. Slant of letters. 3. Height of letters. 4. How nearly your writing on all manuscripts reaches the standard of the county (By standard is meant Palmer or other system em- ployed or advocated by county su- perintendent.) Lesson VIII PENMANSHIP 5-10-17 1. What system of penmanship is taught in your county? What are some of its good points? 2. How would you show the pupil how to overcome the natural tendency to mus- cular rigidity? 3. (a) What is the object of counting in penmanship drills? (b) Explain how you would start first grade children in writing. 4. What use do you make of the black- board; (a) by the teacher; (b) by the pupil? 5-10. Write a stanza from some poem. Lesson IX PENMANSHIP 4-11-18 1. What have you and your teachers done during the past two years in the way of making you a good "muscular move- ment" writer? 2. What constitutes good writing? 3. Describe definitely how the pen should be held in writing. 4. Write the figures from 1 to 10. 5. Write all of the capital letters in alphabetical order. 6. Write two lines of the one-space let- ters. 7. What two things should be in the heading of a letter? Write heading cor- rectly. 8 Draw a space for an envelope and address it correctly. 9. Write a receipt from James Brown to William Smtih for a month's rent for a house. 10. Write the first stanza of 'America." Lesson X PENMANSHIP 5-9-18 1. What system of penmanship is taught in your county? Name at least three of its good points. 2. Write a check in favor of your teacher for nine dollars in full payment for supplies she has furnished during the school year. 3. Write one line each of three differ- ent muscular movement drills. 4. Of what benefit are movement exer- cises? 5. Write a letter ordering a bill of goods. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 59 6. Write the capital letters; the small letters; the nine digits as you would pre- sent each for a copy. 7. What is the difference between mus- cular and finger movement? 8. Write your favorite "Memory Gem" as a specimen of your best writing. 9. (a) How many lessons in penman- ship have you been having each week? (b) How much time is devoted to the pen- manship lesson each day? (c) Do you think this a sufficient amount to make you a good penman? 10. Give the correct position of the body, paper and pen in order to secure the best results when writing. Lesson XI PENMANSHIP 4-10-19 1. What system of penmanship have you been taught during the past year or two? Name some of its good points. 2. Write one line each of three different muscular movement exercises. 3. Write the figures from 1 to 10. 4. Write all the capital letters. 5. Write the one space letters. 6. Write the correct heading of a letter to John Smith at Lincoln. 7. Draw a space for an envelope and address it correctly. 8. What do you understand "good writ- ing" to be? 9. Put down for addition a column of five numbers each of three places. Do not add. 10. Write the first stanza of "America" as a specimen of your best penmanship. Lesson XII PENMANSHIP 5-8-19 1. Tell what you have been taught in regard to the proper position of the pen, the paper, and the body while writing, (b) Does a correct knowledge of the above help to make your writing better? 2. Write one line of any good muscu- lar movement exercise, (b) Of what bene- fit is such an exercise? 3. Write the proper form for the head- ing and salutation of a business letter. 4. How much time has been devoted each day to penmanship in your school, and at what time has it been taught during the day? (b) Do you think this enough to make you a good penman? 5. Write the small letters and the fig- ures as a specimen of your best writing. Now try to make the rest of your paper compare with this, your best writing. 6. What are three of the good points in the system of penmanship taught in your county? 7. You are a poor writer. How may you improve your writing? 8. Should speed have anything to do with good writing? If so, why? 9. Write the capital letters. 10. I wish you to look over your paper in a careful manner. If you were to grade it, what grade do you think you should have? Be honest and careful in your judgment. Lesson XIII PENMANSHIP 3-25-20 1. Tell briefly what you have been taught about position, pen holding and movement. 2. Write a line of direct ovals, making them compact. 3. Write a line of the push and pall exercise. 4. Write the figures from 1 to 10. 5. Of what value is good penmanship? 6-10. Write: "Whichever way the wind doth blow, Some heart is glad to have it so; Then blow it east or blow it w^st, The wind that blows, that wind is best." Lesson XIV • PENMANSHIP 5-6-20 1. What is good penmanship? 2. Write a line of the oval drill. 3. What advantages has the muscular movement over the finger movement? 4. Write a line of the push and pull exercise. 5. Write the figures from 1 to 10. 6-10. Write: "Happy is the individual who is at peace with God, who looks the busy world in the face with that rich tone of char- acter that subdues evil, who carries not malice, envy, hate, revenge — but whose soul is an open book of frankness, justice and good-will." Lesson XV PENMANSHIP 4-7-21 1. What are movement exercises and of what value are they? 2. Write one line of each of two move- ment exercises. 60 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 3. Why is muscular movement better than finger movement? 4. Make a list of the one space letters. 5. Write all the capital letters. 6. Write all the figures. 7. What constitutes good writing? 8. What do you consider the best way to improve your penmanship? 9. Write your favorite memory gem. 10. Write a letter ordering a bill of goods. Lesson XVI PENMANSHIP 5-5-21 1. Write two lines of direct ovals. 2. Write the alphabet in small letters. 3. Write the alphabet in capitals. 4. Give three advantages of muscular movement writing over finger writing. 5. What is the correct position for writ- ing? 6-10. Copy in your best writing: "Hats off! Along the street there comes A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums.. A flash of color beneath the sky: Hats off! The flag is passing by!" D rawing Lesson I DRAWING 4-8-15 1. Draw a circle; a square, a triangle; a rectangle; an oval. 2. Make a drawing of a leaf of the "CORN" which is "KING" in Nebraska. Draw a "Feb. 1912" calendar, originating the ornamental part. 3. Draw a cube above and to the right of the eye. 4. Draw a leaf, using a triangle as its type shape. 5. Draw a winter scene four inches by five inches, showing a tree in the fore- ground, distance house and trees. Lesson II DRAWING 5-6-15 1. Show by a drawing what is meant by "center of vision." 2. Draw a border design one inch in width across your page. 3. Using a cylinder for your base, draw as many objects as you can think of, as a tin cup, basket, barrel, etc. 4. What is a free hand drawing? A working drawing? 5. Name some pictures you have studied this year. Give the names of the painters. Lesson III DRAWING 3-9-16 (Answer five) 1. Make drawing showing how to set the table for one person with the following silver and china: salad fork, dinner fork, dinner knife, dessert spoon, coffee spoon, soup spoon, dinner plate, bread and butter plate, glass and napkin. (Girls.) 2. Show by drawings some good method of testing seed corn. (Boys.) 3. Name the spectrum colors. 4. Name a flower or plant in each of which a different one of the spectrum colors prevails. Sketch one of the flowers you have named. 5. What is meant by "center of vision"? 6. Make a sketch of your schoolhouse. Lesson IV DRAWING 4-14-16 1. Why do we study pictures? Name three pictures you like and tell why you like them. 2. Draw an open book. A closed book. 3. Draw a bushel basket filled with potatoes. 4. Make a drawing that will indicate spring of the year. 5. What is meant by free-hand draw- ing? Lesson V DRAWING 5-5-16 1. Write a "Mother Goose Rhyme" and illustrate it. 2. What is a perspective drawing? 3. Name two pictures you have studied. Describe them and name the artists who painted them. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 61 4. Draw a poster appropriate to the month of May. 5. Draw three flowers which bloom dur- ing the month of May. Lesson VI DRAWING 3-21-17 1. Draw a box showing perspective. 2. Draw an inch border, using a leaf as a design. 3. Draw a box without a lid, below and to the left of the eye. 4. Make a drawing of a jar or a bottle. 5. Define horizon line and draw a land- scape illustrating. Lesson VII DRAWING 4-19-17 1. What do you understand by per- spective, vanishing point, primary and secondary colors, center of vision? 2. Draw a valentine and decorate as you like. 3. Draw a cylinder below the level of the eye; a cube above the level of the eye; a sphere. 4. Make a drawing containing a collec- tion of vegetables; a collection of fruits. (Each pupil may make his own selection of fruits and vegetables, not less than five of each.) 5. Name two or more reasons why you should learn to draw. 6. Make a poster to illustrate some special day as Christmas, Thanksgiving, Arbor Day, etc., etc., etc. 7-10. Draw a cylinder and from that develop as many objects as you can as cup, glass, box, barrel, etc. Lesson VIII DRAWING 5-10-17 1. Draw a pester for some special day as Christmas, Valentine Day, Washington's Birthday. 2. Draw a vase with your favorite flower in it. 3. Draw an apple on the branch of a tree. 4. Make a sketch of a wigwam and pine trees. 5. Draw any two of the following: Bunch of grapes, potato, pumpkin, beet, carrot, cabbage, lemon, orange, onion, to- mato. Lesson IX DRAWING 4-11-18 1. Draw a circle and a triangle. 2. Draw a cylinder. 3. Using a cylinder for your base, draw a teacup and a waste paper basket. 4. Name two pictures you have studied in school, giving the name of the artists. 5. What is your favorite picture, and why? 6. Draw any two of the following: a pumpkin, a pear, a banana, an onion, a lemon. 7. Draw an American flag. 8. Draw a bird or a spring flower. 9. Draw a shock of wheat. 10. Draw an Easter border across your page. Lesson X DRAWING 5-10-18 1. Draw an open box standing below the eye. 2. Define (a) horizon line, (b) converg- ence, (c) foreshortening, (d) construction lines, (e) shade. 3. Draw a border an inch wide, using as a design a leaf. 4. Draw a railroad scene, showing the rails, telegraph poles and other objects in the distance. 5. Draw a bushel basket filled witb apples. 6. Name three reasons why you should study drawing. 7. Mention four plants you can find for drawing lessons in the month of May. 8. Name two pictures that you know and the artists that painted them. 9. What is a free-hand drawing? 10. Name the seven primary colors. Lesson XI DRAWING 4-10-19 1. Show by drawing some good method of testing seed corn. 2. Make an outline drawing of one of the following: mail box, chicken coop. 3. Name two pictures you have studied in school. Which is your favorite and why? 4. What is meant by free-hand draw- ing? 5. Draw a poster for the month of May, 62 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK making the design appropriate for the month. 6. Draw a cube; a triangle; a rectangle. 7. Tell in your own words why you like the study of drawing. 8. Make a drawing of a potato, apple, pumpkin. 9. Draw a pint cup and a quart cup. 10. Draw a box 3 inches long and a box y 2 foot long. Lesson XII DRAWING 5-8-19 1. Name three great pictures, and the artist of each. 2. What is your favorite picture? Write a paragraph telling why you like it, or what you like in it. 3. Tell simply and clearly what yon understand by horizon line; construction line; convergence. Illustrate these by drawings. 4. Draw a design for a book mark which shall be a gift for: (1) a friend who is fond of reading; or (2)/ a friend who likes skating; or (3) a friend who is fond of Boys' and Girls' Club Work. 5. Draw (1) a cube; (2) a square; (3) a rectangle; (4) a pyramid and (5) a cyl- inder. Lesson XIII DRAWING 3-25-20 1. Draw a vertical line, a horizontal line, an oblique line. 2. Name your favorite picture. Why is it your favorite? 3. Draw an orange, apple or potato. 4. Draw a rectangle, square, triangle. 5. Draw a fence by a roadside, vanish- ing in the distance. Lesson XIV DRAWING 5-6-20 1. Draw a cube so as to show the top, front, and right side. 2. Draw a cylinder in an upright posi- tion, showing the top. 3. Draw a scene showing a level stretch of country with a tree near and one in the distance. 4. Letter neatly the following title for a booklet cover: "Spring Flowers." 5. What value may be derived from the study of drawing? Lesson XV DRAWING 4-7-21 ' 1. Name three things that drawing teaches you. 2. Make a drawing of a vase contain- ing flowers. 3. Make a drawing expressing early spring. 4. Illustrate. "The moon rose over the city behind the dark church tower." 5. Name a picture you have studied and tell briefly what message it brings to you. 6. What were the favorite subjects of the following artists: Rosa Bonheur, Mil- let, Landseer? 7. Give the names of the rainbow colors. 8. Draw a cube, a square, a cylinder. 9. What is a free hand drawing? 10. What are vertical lines? Horizontal lines? Parallel lines? Lesson XVI DRAWING 5-5-21 1. Of what value is drawing? 2. Name the six spectrum colors. 3. Make a drawing of potatoes, beets, and apples. 4. Make a calendar design appropriate for May. 5. Draw (1) a cube; (2) a square; (3) a cylinder. 6. What is meant by free hand draw- ing? 7. Draw a border design one inch wide halfway across the page. 8. Name two pictures you have studied and name the artists who painted them. 9. Make a calendar design for any month you may choose. 10. Illustrate vertical lines, parallel lines. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 63 History Lesson I HISTORY AND CIVICS 4-8-15 (Answer ten) 1. Who is (a) President of the United States? (b) Secretary of state? (c) Gov- ernor of Nebraska? (d) State superin- tendent of schools? (e) Your County Su- perintendent? 2. Name an early English explorer and tell something of him. When and where was the first permanent English settle- ment made? 3. Tell something of conditions in Eu- rope which led people to come to America to settle. What condition in Europe at present? How will it probably affect emi- gration from Europe to America? 4. Name the thirteen original colonies. 5. Tell something of the improvements in navigation since Columbus made his voyage to America. 6. Make a statement about two of these: Zeppelin, Marconi, Wilbur Wright. 7. What is meant by International Peace? By the Monroe Doctrine? 8. What is meant by woman's suffrage? 9. Name three generals in the Revolu- tionary War. The Civil War. 10. What led to the settlement of Mary- land? Georgia? Pennsylvania? 11. What is meant by the recall of pub- lic officers? 12. Why do people pay taxes? Lesson II HISTORY AND CIVICS 5-6-15 (Answer ten) 1. Tell of the making of the first Amer- ican flag. Who made it? What does each part represent. How many stars and stripes now? Who wrote the "Star Spangled Banner"? 2. What is civil service? Do you think it is a good thing? Why? 3. What is meant by Equal Suffrage? By Neutrality? 4. What was the Emancipation Procla- mation? 5. Tell of the Panama Exposition — its place and purpose. 6. What is a labor union? 7. Why is our country interested in watching Mexico at present? 8. How many wars has the United States participated in? 9. What was the Kansas-Nebraska bill? 10. Select five of the following and make one statement about each: Poca- hontas, John Smith, Roger Williams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Pulton, Wil- liam Penn, Benedict Arnold, Jane Addams, Frances E. Willard, Harriet Beecher Stowe. 11. What must a person do in order to be a good citizen? 12. Name your county officers. Lesson III HISTORY AND CIVICS 3-9-16 (Answer ten) 1. Name the president you most ad- mire. Give reasons for your answer. Name the chief event of his administra- tion. 2. Tell something of each of the follow- ing: Washington, Lewis and Clark, Zebu- Ion Pike, Aaron Burr, Fulton. 3. What was the "Era of Good Feel- ing"? The Missouri Compromise? 4. What is meant by the "Monroe Doc- trine"? Give account of some instance in which its principles have been used effectively. 5. Discuss Andrew Jackson's adminis- tration touching upon his personality, idea of government, and events of his adminis- tration such as rapid immigration, cheap lands, invention of sewing machine, threshing machine, telegraph, etc. 6. What is meant by the "Spoils Sys- tem"? By civil service? Is the latter a good thing? Give reasons for your answer. 7. Discuss briefly the growth of slavery from its beginning up to the beginning of the Civil War. 8. When did the Civil War begin? When did it close? Name three northern and three southern commanders. 9. What war marked McKinley's ad- ministration? 10. What is the effect of any two of these on rural life: Rural mail service, telephone, automobile? 11. Name the three departments of government. How many members in the president's cabinet? How chosen? Name one and give his duties. 12. What are the sources ' of national revenue and the chief items of national expense? 64 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 13. What is meant by "income tax"? Is it a good thing? Why? What is its purpose? Lesson IV HISTORY AND CIVICS 4-13-16 (Answer ten) 1. Name the original thirteen colonies and describe the settlement of one of them. 2. Write a statement about each of these: Paul Jones, Patrick Henry, Corn- wallis, Tecumseh, Benjamin Franklin, La Fayette, Benedict Arnold, LaSalle, Henry Hudson, Pocahontas. 3. What was the "Alien Law"? The "Sedition Law"? 4. What trouble had the United States with England during Madison's adminis- tration (1812)? 5. To what events do any three of the following quotations refer? "Fifty-four forty or fight." "Don't give up the ship." "Millions for defense but not one cent for tribute." "We'll fight it out on this line if it takes all summer." "Give me liberty or give me death." "We have met the enemy and they are ours." 6. What occasioned the Civil War? Why did South Carolina secede? 7. Write ten lines on any one of the following: Sherman's march to the sea. The Monitor and Merrimac. Surrender of Lee. 8. What were the Christian and Sani- tary commissions? What organization is now doing this work on the battlefields? 9. Name our living ex-presidents. 10. Name five weaknesses of the Ar- ticles of Confederation. 11. Tell about one of these: The Mis- souri Compromise. The Kansas-Nebraska bill. Squatter sovereignty. 12. What is meant by equal suffrage? 13. What is reform legislation? What reform issue is now before the people of Nebraska. Lesson V HISTORY AND CIVICS 5-5-16 (Answer ten) 1. What is an ambassador? 2. What is the right of Eminent Do- main? Give an example. 3. Name four great Americans living today. Name two noted women and tell what they have done. 4. Describe how we acquired any one of these territories: Louisiana Purchase, Texas, Alaska, Florida. 5. What great engineering feat was completed during Wilson's administra- tion? What great exposition was held during the past year? Where? Why? 6. Name five presidents and give one event under each administration. 7. Name three nations now engaged in war. What is meant by preparedness? 8. Name two recent great inventions. 9. Discuss the discovery of gold in Cali- fornia. 10. When did Nebraska become a state? 11. Name your county officers. 12. How are our public schools sup- ported? Name some duties of the school board. Lesson VI HISTORY AND CIVICS 3-22-17 (Answer ten) 1. Write a five line sketch of your best loved American. 2. Name five noted explorers and that part of the country with which their names are associated. 3. Distinguish between Separatist, Pur- itan and Pilgrim. 4. Name the original thirteen colonies, with dates of settlement. 5. Name the inter-colonial wars, with dates and the treaties that settled each. 6. For what was the Revolutionary War fought? Name some prominent men of the time. 7. Give date of the Declaration of Inde- pendence; of the present constitution. 8. Name the wars in which the United States has been engaged, and tell for what each one was fought. 9. What are the departments of the government of the United States? 10. What constitutes the Congress of the United States? 11. How are congressmen chosen? How many representatives has the state of Ne- braska in the National Congress at Wash- ington? 12. Name four prominent men of Ne- braska of national reputation. Lesson VII HISTORY AND CIVICS 4-19-17 (Answer ten) 1. What was the difference between the Articles of Confederation and the Con- stitution of the United States? Compare. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 65 2. What are the qualifications for a voter in Nebraska? How can an immi- grant become a voter? 3. Name three inventions that have been influential in the progress of our country? Which one has been the means of absolutely changing industrial condi- tions in the United States? 4. What effect did the Erie 'Canal have upon industrial and commercial conditions in America? Locate it. 5. When, where, and by whom was the first locomotive built in America? The first steamboat? How did they change conditions in America? 6. State the conditions that developed into the panic of 1837. How did this panic affect the county? 7. What is a protective tariff? Name some articles you use that are protected by tariff. 8. Name the thirteen colonies: give reasons why any five of them were formed and tell where and by whom the first settlement was made in each one of the five. 9. State the qualifications for a United States Representative; a United States Senator; President of the United States. 10. What is the law in Nebraska re- garding compulsory attendance at school? What is the legislative body that governs your county called? 11. Who are the following: W. H. Clemmons, Keith Neville, Charles W. Poole, Grant G. Martin, your State Sen- ator, your State Representative, Edgar Howard, the most distinguished man in Nebraska, Samuel Avery, Moses Kinkaid? Lesson VIII HISTORY AND CIVICS 5-10-17 (Answer ten) 1. What do you understand by the Emancipation Proclamation? The Consti- tution of the United States? 2. How does a bill become a law in the state legislature? What is meant by veto? Who holds the power of veto in the state? 3. What effect did the Erie Canal have upon the development of our country. Where is the Erie Canal? 4. Who is the United State Congress- man from your district? Why did the population increase so rapidly in the west about 1849? 5. What is meant by The Spoils Sys- tem? Name four of our possessions which are not a part of the United States. 6. Tell something of importance in the lives of five of the following: J. C. Cal- houn, Daniel Webster, Abraham Lincoln, U. S. Grant, General Sherman, Daniel Boone, Benjamin Franklin, Frances Wil- lard, "Mad" Anthony Wayne, George Washington. 7. What form of government has Cuba? How did Cuba acquire this form of govern- ment? Of what consequence was the Declaration of Independence? 8. Name 5 of the 13 colonies and tell where and by whom they were made? 9. Tell something of importance con- cerning Lewis and Clark expedition. What effect did this expedition have upon. the country west of the Mississippi river? 10. Name 5 men who have been presi- dent of the United States other than those mentioned in other questions and tell two events in their administrations which ap- peal to you as being important. 11. What was the cause of the Civil War? What was Lincoln's attitude and what was his policy toward the abolition of slavery? 12. Who is the Governor of Nebraska; the President of the United States? What were the Alien and Sedition Laws? Lesson IX HISTORY 4-11-18 1. What colonies were settled on ac- count of religious difficulties? On account of seeking wealth? To escape punishment for debt? For other reasons, and give reasons? 2. Give the cause for which we fought in each of the following wars: Revolu- tion, Civil, Spanish-American; and for which we are fighting in the present war. 3. What were the Articles of Confed- eration? Name three of their weaknesses. 4. Name the first five presidents and an important event which happened dur- ing each administration. 5. What effect had the Erie Canal upon the growth and development of the West? 6. Name five inventions that have in- fluenced the development of our country, and tell how each has been influential. 7. What is meant by civil service and of what did it take the place? 8. Make a comparison of the resources and preparation of the United States for the Civil War with those of the war of today. 9. Name three of the greatest men of today. Why do you consider them so great? 10. Who are the Allies? What coun- tries are fighting with Germany? 66 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK Lesson X HISTORY 5-10-18 1. What three nations were most active in the exploration of America? What motive actuated each? 2. Name five of the thirteen colonies and tell where and by whom they were made. 3. Name five wars the United States has engaged in and with whom each has been fought. 4. Name five presidents and give an event under each administration. 5. Name four acquisitions of territory made by the United States and tell from what country each was acquired. 6. Give the names of two American inventors living now and something each has invented. 7. Why is it necessary to amend the Constitution of the United States? How many amendments has the Constitution? 8. Give the different ways in which the United States is raising money to carry on the present war. State three ways in which it is spent. 9. Tell something of the work of the Red Cross and the Y. M. C. A. in the United States at the present time. 10. When was Nebraska admitted as a state, who was president at that time? Lesson XI HISTORY 4-10-19 1. Name four early, explorers and tell something of the voyages of each. 2. When and where was the first permanent English colony made in Amer- ica? 3. What caused the Revolutionary War? The War of 1812? The Civil War? The Spanish-American War? 4. What are the war aims of the United States in the present world war? 5. What is the meaning of the follow- ing: Democracy? Armistice? Sedition? Alien? Peace Conference? 6. State how negro slavery was intro- duced into the United States, and how it was abolished. 7. Name five great American states- men and tell something of each. 8. Name four measures considered by the Nebraska legislature of 1919. Name two that became laws. 9. Explain briefly the purpose of the War Savings Societies; Junior Red Cross; Boys' Working Reserve; Fourth Liberty Loan. 10. Name the governor of Nebraska; state superintendent, U. S. senators from Nebraska, county superintendent of your county. Lesson XII HISTORY 5-8-19 (Answer ten) 1. Give the native country of and the special thing done by any of the follow- ing: J. Sterling Morton, DeSoto, Susan B. Anthony, Raleigh, Hudson, LaSalle, Sir Francis Drake, Pocohontas, Lafayette, and R. E. Peary. 2. Name the martyred presidents. Name all the presidents that were elected for more than one term. 3. State causes, two battles and the re- sults of the Revolutionary War. 4. Name five presidents and state one important event that took place during each administration. 5. What is meant by the Monroe Doc- trine? What can you tell about the League of Nations? 6. Discuss the Emancipation Proclama- tion. What is meant by the Spoils Sys- tem? 7. Name two early' Spanish explorers, two French, one Dutch and one English. 8. Name and describe briefly the three branches of our government. 9. Give the names and dates of all the wars in which the U. S. has engaged. 10. Name two discoveries and three in- ventions which have greatly aided the U. S. during the past fifty years. 11. Name five prominent men in the U. S. and state for what each is noted. Name the governor, U. S. senators, con- gressman from your district, and the speaker of the present House of Repre- sentatives from Nebraska. 12. State something concerning each of the following: Eli Whitney, Henry Clay, Nathan Hale, Daniel Webster, W. J. Bryan, Wm. H. Taft, Lloyd George, Benedict Arn- old, Walt Mason, and Patrick Henry. Lesson XIII HISTORY 3-25-20 1. Why did the English come to Amer- ica? The French? The Spanish? 2. Who were the Pilgrims? 3. Briefly describe the life of the Am erican Indian at the time of the settle- ment of our country. 4. Name and locate the territory ac- quired by the United States since we be- came a nation. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 67 5. Make a statement about each of the following: Alexander Hamilton, J. Ster- ling Morton, William McKinley, John J. Pershing, Robert Lansing. 6. Explain what is meant by one of the following: League of Nations, Mis- souri Compromise, Civil Service. 7. Name the event in connection with each of the following dates: July 4, 1776; November 11, 1918. 8. Name five states that belonged to the Union when we began our national existence. Name five states that have been added within the last fifty years. 9. Briefly describe the historical im- portance of one of the following: Decla- ration of Independence; Monroe Doctrine; Panama Canal. 10. Name five important inventions that have contributed to the rapid develop- ment of the United States. 3. What is meant by the Monroe Doc- trine ? 4. Tell something of the life of Colum- bus; education, occupation and voyages. 5. Name the thirteen original colonies. 6. What was the cause of the Revolu- tionary War? Result? Name two battles of the war and the leading generals in the last battle. 7. What wars has the United States been engaged in since the Revolutionary War? What was the result of each war? 8. Name five presidents of the United States and the principal events in each administration. 9. Why did the United States enter the world war? 10. Tell about one of these: Missouri Compromise, The Kansas-Nebraska Bill, Emancipation Proclamation. Lesson XIV HISTORY 5-6-20 1. Name the thirteen original colonies. 2. Name one English, one French, and one Spanish explorer. Tell what each explored. 3. For what reasons have the people of Europe come to America? From what countries have they come? 4. Where were the early English col- onies made? The early French? The early Spanish? 5. Make a statement about each of the following: Robert Fulton, Thomas A. Edison, J. Sterling Morton, Henry Clay, Ulysses S. Grant. 6. Name five presidents and give an important event during the administration of each. 7. Tell about one of the following: Squatter Sovereignty, Missouri Compro- mise. 8. Write the name of a great American statesman, an inventor, a soldier, an edu- cator, and a business man. Do not men- tion names already used in this examina- tion. 9. What is the Monroe Doctrine. 10. Why did the United States enter the world war? Lesson XV HISTORY 4-7-21 1. Is a knowledge of geography impor- tant to those studying history? Why? 2. What were the Articles of Confedera- tion? . Lesson XVI HISTORY 5-5-21 1. Name four acquisitions of territory made by the United States and tell from what country each was acquired. 2. Name four presidents and give an important event under each administra- tion. 3. Name a noted explorer of America from each of the following countries: Spain, England, France, and Holland. Tell what each of these four explorers accom- plished. 4. What was the cause of the Revolu- tionary War? Name two generals on each side. Name five important battles. What were the results of the Revolutionary War? 5. Write one statement about any five of the following: La Fayette, Benedict Arnold, William Penn, Hamilton, J. Ster- ling Morton, William McKinley, Patrick Henry. 6. Tell the indirect cause and the direct cause of the Civil War. What question was settled by the Civil War? Who was president at the time? 7. Why should the following dates be remembered? Select five: 1492, 1607, 1620, 1776, 1812, 1867, Nov. 11, 1918. 8. Give provisions of the Monroe Doc- trine; the Missouri Compromise, and the Kansas-Nebraska Bill. 9. Why did the United States enter the World War? 10. Give a list of ten public officials and their offices. This list may include either county, state, or national officials. 68 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK Civi ivies A Brief Outline of Civics for Grade Pupils (By County Supt. L. H. Currier) There is no subject more neglected in the work of rural or village schools than the study of civics. If the citizenship of the future shall intelligently meet its issues and solve its problems, it will be as a result of a thorough acquaintance with the fundamental prin- ciples of our government. There is a greater need than ever before for a study of political and economic questions on the part of the voter. This cannot be left to the high schools, colleges and universities entirely. The majority of the youth of the present get no education beyond the grade "schools. The high school sees only a small propor- tion of those who enter the grades. It is hoped that this brief outline may serve as a starting point in the study of the facts of our government. Since time is a very important factor in our rural and village schools, civics should be supplemented with history and should be taught in every grade above the primary, with more and more fullness as the pupil advances. This outline is not intended to be exhaustive. The intelligent teacher can easily add to as may be needed. SOCIETY. VI. 1. Definition. 2. Man a social being. 3. Rights. a. Civil. 1. Industrial. 2. Social. 3. Religious. yjj b. Political. Statements relating to. 1. Reasons for its issue. 2. Rights of all men. 3. Conditions which justify revolu- tion. 4. Grievances of colonists. 5. Authority for action. Signing of document. 4. Duties. 5. Source of authority. GOVERNMENT 1 2 3 4 Definition. Define civil. Origin. Object. a. See Preamble of constitution. b. See Declaration of Independ- ence. 5. Necessity. 6. Kinds. a. Monarchial (define). b. Aristocratic (define). c. Democratic (define). EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL GOVERN- MENT. I. Colonial Governments. 1. Provincial. 2. Proprietary. 3. Charter. II. First Colonial Assembly. III. First Continental Congress. IV. Second Continental Congress. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. I. Resolution of Richard Henry Lee. II. Committee. III. Authority. IV. Adoption. V. Importance. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. I. History. II. Important Provisions. 1. Nature of Government. 2. Composition of Congress. 3. Representatives. III. Cause of these peculiar provisions. IV. Their defects. V. Their good results. ORIGIN OF THE CONSTITUTION. I. Failure of the Articles of Confed- eration. II. Action of Congress. III. Constitutional Convention. IV. Constitution Submitted to States. V. Its Adoption and Ratification. VI. Expiration of the Confederation. VII. Sources of the Constitution. 1. American experience. 2. State experience. 3. The British Constitution. 4. Other sources. VIII. The Dual Government Provided. IX. Growth of the Constitution. CONSTITUTION. I. Constitution (define). 1. Kinds. a. Written. b. Unwritten. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 69 II. U. S. Constitution (define). 1. Preamble (Memorize). III. Branches of Government. 1. Legislative (Congress). a. Composition. b. Duties and Powers. c. Sessions. 1. Regular 2. Special. 3. Length. d. House of Representatives. 1. How composed. 2. Eligibility. a. Age. b. Citizenship. c. Inhabitancy. 3. Members. a. How apportioned. b. Election. c. Salary. d. Vacancies. e. Length of term. f. Name representatives from your state. 4. Enumeration. a. When made. b. How made. 5. By whom elected. 6. Qualifications of voters. 7. How vacancies are filled. 8. House Powers. a. Concurrent. b. Exclusive. c. Inquisitorial. d. Elective. 1. House officers. 2. President of U. S. e. Senate. 1. How composed. 2. Eligibility. a. Age. b. Citizenship. c. Inhabitancy. 3. Term. 4. Salary. 5. Election. 6. Vacancies, how filled. 7. Officers. a. Vice-President U. S. b. President pro-tempore. c. Chief Justice. ■ 7. Powers of. a. Legislative. b. Executive. 1. Appointments. 2. Treaties. c. Elective. 1. Senate Officers. 2. Vice-President of U. S. d. Judicial. 2. Executive Department. a. In whom vested. b. How elected. c. Term. d. Salary. e. Qualifications. 1. Citizenship. 2. Residence. 3. Age. f. How elected. 1. Electors. 2. Number. 3. Proceedings. g. Duties and Powers. 1. Executive. 2. Legislative. 3. Judicial, h. Vacancy. 1. How it may occur. 2. How filled. i. Vice-President (outline). 3. Judicial Department (U. S. Courts). a. How vested. 1. Supreme Court. 2. Inferior Courts. b. Judges. 1. How appointed. a. President. b. Senate. 2. Number. 3. Term. 4. Salary. 5. Oath of Office. 6. How removed. 7. Jurisdiction. a. Limitation. b. Original. c. Appellate. 8. Powers. a. Judicial. b. Legislative (constitution- ality of U. S. laws). State Government. 1. State Constitution (Preamble). a. Origin. b. Amendments. c. Constitutional Convention to revise in 1919. d. New Constitution. 2. Legislative Department. a. Senate and House of Represen- tatives. 1. Number of members. a. Senate. b. House. 2. Sessions. 3. Term. 4. Salary. 5. Qualifications. 6. Presiding Officer. 7. Committees. 8. Powers and Duties. 9. Name your Senator and Representative. 10. What is a law? 11. What is a bill? 12. Name all steps required for a bill to become a law. 3. Executive Department. a. Executive Officers. 1. Governor. 2. Lieutenant-Governor. 70 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK b. Administrative Officers. 1. Secretary of State. 2. Auditor. 3. Treasurer. 4. Attorney General. 5. Other Officers. 6. Administrative Code Depart- ments. I The secretary of each of the following departments is ap- pointed by the Governor.) Department of Finance. Department of Agriculture. Department of Labor. Department of Trade and Commerce. Department of Public Wel- fare. Department of Public Works. 7. Department of Education. a. State Superintendent. b. Deputy State Superintend ent. c. Assistants. 4. Judicial Department. a. Supreme Court. 1. Jurisdiction. 2. Judges. a. Election. b. Term. c. Salary. b. District Court. c. County Court. d. Justice Court. e. Police Court. f. Juvenile Court. g. Probate Court. County Government. 1. Officers. a. Supervisors or Commissioners. 1. Number. 2. Qualifications. 3. Powers and Duties. 4. Election. 5. Term. 6. Salary. b. Treasurer. c. Judge. d. Register of Deeds. e. County Superintendent. f. Sheriff. g. Clerk. h. Surveyor, i. Coroner, j. Attorney, k. Assessor. 1. Give duties of officers, m. Give names and salary of pres- ent county officers. Township and Precinct (define). 1. Size. 2. Officers. a. Three Judges of Election. b. Two Clerks of Election. c. One Assessor. d. Two Justices of the Peace. e. Two Constables. f. One Clerk. g. One Treasurer. School District (define). 1. Size. 2. Officers. a. Duties and Powers. b. Members. 3. School Meetings. 4. Electors. a. Qualifications. b. Powers. District Organizations. 1. Rural School District. 2. High School District. 3. City District. 4. Metropolitan District. 5. Consolidated District. Few Facts Worth Knowing' in Civics (The following outline prepared by Marjorie Par- minter. Superintendent Pierce County, Nebraska.) The Constitution of the United States is the fundamental law which creates the several branches of the government and defines the powers entrusted to each. The United States has a republican form of government. A republican form of gov- ernment is one in which the people rule. The people rule through their chosen representatives: The President, the Vice- President, Delegates to Congress called Senators and Representatives; and others. Our government consists of three branches (1) Legislative, (2) Executive, (3) Judicial. In the Legislative branch is vested the power of making the laws of the United States. Congress, the body of men making the laws. Congress consists of two parts: The Senate and House of Representatives. Laws are made by Congress in this manner: After a bill is passed by both Houses of Congress, it is submitted to the Presi- dent for his approval. If he signs it, it becomes a law; if he takes no action upon it, it becomes a law after ten days without his signature; if he disapproves it, he re- turns it to'the house in which it originated with his objections. If the bill is then passed by two-thirds of the members of each house, it becomes a law over the President's veto. This is called passing a law over President's head or over his veto. Congress meets the first Monday in De- cember of each year at Washington, D. C. The Senate The Senate consists of two Senators from each state. They are elected by the people for a term of six years. The names of the two Senators from Nebraska are Geo. W. Norris and Gilbert M. Hitchcock. EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 71 The Vice President of the United States is the presiding officer or president of the Senate. Calvin Coolidge is Vice President. Lower House of Congress — Representatives The House of Representatives consists of representatives from each state. These representatives are elected by a direct vote of the people for a term of two years. The number of representatives from each state is according to the population of the state. Each state is divided into Congressional districts, from each of which there is one representative. The population is determ- ined by Congress after each national census. Executive In the executive branch is vested the power of enforcing the laws through the civil officers of the courts and different de- partments of the government and if neces- sary, through the army and navy. The President is chief of the executive branch. In order to become President the re- quirements are as follows: He shall be a native born citizen of the United States, shall have attained the age of 35 and been 14 years a resident of this country. The President is elected for a term of four years by a number of electors from each state, who are chosen by the people. There are as many electors as there are members in Congress which includes Sen- ators and Representatives. Nebraska then would have eight. The President is Commander-in-Chief of the army and navy. Next in office to the President is Vice- President, who is elected for the same time in the same manner as the Presi- dent. The Judicial Department Interprets and applies the laws. It is vested in a Supreme Court consisting of Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices and Inferior Courts established by Con- gress. There are 48 states which are united under the national government at Wash- ington. This country is called the United States because it is made up of certain territories or communities called states. We have learned the names of the states and cap- itals. The names of the territories, possessions and dependencies and capital city of each are as follows: Alaska — Juneau Porto Rico — San Juan Hawaii — Honolulu Philippine — Manila Panama — (Canal Zone) State Government Each state has a government based upon a constitution of its own, which must not conflict in any way with the Constitution of the United States. The State consists of three branches of government: (1) Legislative, (2) Exec- utive, (3) Judicial. The State Legislature makes the laws for the state, and consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. The number of Senators and Representa- tives in each State depends upon the popu- lation. Nebraska has 33 Senators and 100 Rep- resentatives. Laws are made by the State Legislature for the State in a manner very similar to those made by Congress for the United States. The Governor and members of the State Legislature are elected by a direct vote of the people. City Government The City government is a government entirely by the people acting through a Mayor and City Council chosen by the voters. The chief officer of the city is the Mayor. The laws of the city are called Ordinances. The law makers are called Aldermen or Councilmen. The Councilmen with the Mayor of a city constitute the City Council. Lesson I CIVICS 4-8-15 1. Why is government necessary? 2. What is an absolute monarchy? A democracy? What dangers might arise in each form of government? 3. (a) Why is Congress composed of two houses? (b) What determines the num- ber of senators in Congress? The number of representatives? 4. What is the chief function of Con- gress? What restriction on this chief power? 5. How are vacancies in the National Senate filled? In the National House of Representatives ? 6. What are the qualifications for presi- dent of the United States? 7. Of what does the judicial department of the United States consist? 8. What is the length of the term of office of a judge of the United States Su- preme Court? Why was this arrangement made? 9. What is a tax? What kind of tax does the national government levy? The state? 72 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 10. Name three county officers and the duties of each. Lesson II CIVICS 5-6-15 1. What is Civics? What is the im- portance of a course in Civics? 2. (a) What is contempt of court? (b) Describe the writ of habeas corpus; state under what circumstances it is used. 3. What is a municipality and state briefly its duties. 4. What protects a citizen's personal and property rights? What are the two main divisions of the constitution of the United States? 5. What are the powers of Congress? How do congressmen secure their positions and how long do they serve? 6. State briefly some of the business transacted in the state legislature. Tell the difference between federal and state authority. Which has original jurisdic- tion? 7. What law-making body determines the constitutionality of laws? How many men make up this body? 8. Who is our president? What are his duties? 9. What system of voting is generally used throughout the United States? What are its advantages? 10. How many courts are found in a state? Name them. Lesson III CIVICS 4-14-16 1. (a) Define taxes, (b) Mention two kinds of taxes. 2. What is an ex post facto law? 3. Give arguments for or against choos- ing a president direct by popular vote. 4. Give one reason why a legislature should consist of two bodies. 5. Define "slander," "libel." 6. How do the two houses of Congress differ as to the way in which the presid- ing officer is chosen? 7. Into what three departments are the powers of the United States Government divided, and why is this division made? 8. Define: caucus, convention, primary. 9. Name one Democratic and one Re- publican candidate for Governor at yester- day's primary. 10. Show why the education of the masses is important in a republic. Lesson IV CIVICS 5-5-16 1. What are the suffrage qualifications in the state of Nebraska? 2. What are the sources of revenue of the national government? 3. How are United States senators elected? 4. What provision does the United States constitution make for federal courts? 5. Discuss the president's cabinet as to function, method of choosing, and admin- istrative departments under each. 6. Name and give duties of three state executive officers. 7. What two kinds ot county govern- ment are found in Nebraska? How do they differ? 8. Who is the chief executive in the city government? What court forms the judi- cial department of city government? 9. What is meant by school land? 10. Discuss the attitude taken by Presi- dent Wilson on the Mexican question. Lesson V CIVICS 3-21-17 1. What do you understand by govern- ment? 2. Why did the government the colonies started under the Articles of Confedera- tion prove unsatisfactory? 3. How is the law-making body of the United States composed? 4. What body of men is most closely as- sociated with the president ia his execu- tive duties? How many of them and how do they get into that position? 5. People dread law-suits and trials, yet our courts are said to be excellent insti- tutions. Explain why. 6. Define: tariff, internal revenue, aris- tocracy. 7. State the two channels through which the federal government receives most of its revenue for paying its ex- penses. 8. When will the State Legislature next convene? How long will the session prob- ably continue and what compensation will its members receive? 9. Give the provision for free public- school libraries in Nebraska. 10. What is the importance of the study of Civil Government? EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 73 Lesson VI CIVICS 4-19-17 1. Name the objects of the Constitution of the United States as set forth in the preamble. 2. What is meant by "the long session" and "the short session" of Congress? 3. If a vacancy occur in the United States Senate, how is such vaeancy filled? If in the House of Representatives, how is it filled? 4. Tell the different methods by which a bill may become a law in the United States Congress. 5. In case of disputes concerning legal questions, who shall interpret the law? 6. Give a clear illustration of direct taxation and one of indirect taxation. 7. Name five of our State Institutions in five different towns and tell purpose of each. 8. From what sources do our schools receive revenue for their support? 9. What provision is made for libraries in our public schools? 10. What is: martial law, maratime law, a writ of habeas corpus? Lesson VIII CIVICS 4-11-18 1. What is the form of government in Germany? What is there about it to which the United States objects? 2. Who is Congressman from your dis- trict? How does he secure his office? 3. What do we mean by Civil Service? Do you believe it the proper thing? Why? 4. Name: President of United States; Governor of Nebraska; Commander of American Forces in France. 5. What are Liberty Bonds? Thrift Stamps? Name three purposes for which the United States needs money. 6. Name two of the National Army can- tonments. What is meant by a canton- ment? At which are most of the Nebraska boys? 7. Suppose there is a law in Nebraska of which I do not approve. Need I obey it? Why? 8. Name your county officers and give one duty of each. 9. What is meant by a representative government? Give example. 10. Write ten lines on why you prefer living in the United States to Germany. Lesson VII CIVICS 5-10-17 1. What is the purpose of government? What is our motive for teaching civics? 2. How long is the term of a repre- sentative in Congress? Of a senator? Of a judge of the supreme court of the U. S.? 3. What is meant by civil service? By diplomatic service. 4. Describe the ordinary proceedings in the passage of a law in Nebraska. 5. What classes of cities are there in Nebraska? Name a city of each class. 6. What relation has the discipline of your school to the end to be obtained by teaching civics? Explain. 7. What are the legal qualifications of a voter in Nebraska ? How often are state elections held in Nebraska? 8. What are the qualifications for a voter at a school election in Nebraska? 9. Name four state officers and define the duties of each. 10. What should be the plan of teaching civics in the lower grades? Lesson IX CIVICS 5-11-18 1. What are some of the things that a citizen receives from his community? In what ways may a citizen contribute to the welfare of his community? 2. Why is the state legislature com- posed of two houses? Why was a special meeting held in the spring of 1918? 3. Who are the two United States Sen- ators from this state? 4. In what way are voters responsible for the government of the country? 5. Why does the constitution of the United States require that the President shall be a native of the U. S.? Who is president and of what state is he a citizen? 6. What are the advantages of having our representatives live in our own local- ity? Who is the representative from this district? 7. What is the law in Nebraska regard- ing compulsory attendance at school? 8. Who are the following: W. H. Clem- mons, Keith Neville, John J. Pershing, Herbert Hoover? 9. What great drive is on to raise money to carry on the war? What was the income tax? What is its purpose? 74 EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 10. Write ten lines on why we should buy Liberty Bonds and Thrift Stamps. Lesson X CIVICS 4-10-19 1. Who is our president and what are his duties? 2. In the state of Nebraska, what branches of the government exercise the following powers: (a) executive, (b) leg- islative, (c) judicial? Who is the head of the executive branch of the state gov- ernment? 3. For what purpose are taxes collected? To what county official are taxes of your county paid? 4. Name four county officers and the chief duties of each. 5. Name two kinds of government and give an example of each? 6. Name the congressman from your district. How does he get his office? For how long a term is he elected? 7. When will the next United States census be taken? What is the purpose of the census? 8. The law provides the president of the United States with a cabinet. How many members constitute this cabinet? Name three of them and the chief duties of each. 9. A recent amendment to the Nebraska State Constitution requires a person to be a citizen of the United States before he can vote. Why is this desirable? 10. Write not less than ten lines on "Why Government is Necessary." Lesson XI CIVICS 5-8-19 1. Make a list of your county officers. State their duties. 2. (a) What are some of the ways in which you are wasteful? (b) What are some of the ways in which we can prevent waste in the home and in business? (c) What are some of the farmers doing to conserve the soil? 3. How are the expenses of the govern- ment met? 4. What is a Democracy? What is a Republic? What form of government have we? 5. What advantage in having the repre- sentatives live in the locality they repre- sent? Who is the representative from this district? 6. How are jurymen selected? What will debar a man from serving on the jury? 7. What are the great political parties of today? What are some of the questions on which they are opposed to each other? Which party is in power now? 8. Name three bills that have passed during this session of the Legislature. 9. Where has our president been for the last few months? What part has he been taking in this conference? 10. Do you think suffrage should be extended further? Give three reasons for your answer. Lesson XII CIVICS 3-25-20 1. Write the "Flag Salute." 2. What is a patriotic citizen? 3. What are some of the best ways to secure good government? 4. Where has the constitutional conven- tion been meeting this winter? For what purpose? 5. What is an amendment? Name two amendments to the United States Consti- tution recently ratified. 6. What are the duties of the rural school board? 7. What are "taxes"? Name three pub- lic services or institutions supported by taxes. 8. Name your county offices. 9. What is the chief duty of the presi- dent of the United States? Of the gov- ernor of Nebraska? Name these officials. 10. How often is the census taken? Why is it taken? Lesson XIII CIVICS 5-6-20 1. Why is government necessary? 2. Name four state offices and give one duty of each. 3. How are voters responsible for good government? 4. Name three public positions that are secured through civil service appointment. 5. What are the duties of the state legis- lature? Who is the representative from your county? 6. Name two rights guaranteed to the people by the constitution of the United States. 7. What is "Mob Law"? Is it wrong? How may it be prevented? 8. What do we mean by "candidate" for EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK 75 office? Name four men talked of as can-, didates for president of the United States. 9. When will the next general election occur? 10. Make a diagram showing the sec- tions of a township. Write in the num- bers of the sections. Lesson XIV CIVICS 4-7-21 1. In what county, state, township, and school district do you live? 2. Give the names of three of your county officers and the duties of each. 3. What is the American Legion and who may belong to it? 4. Give three reasons for the necessity of good roads. 5. Give reasons why the school house in your district should be used outside of school hours for programmes, farmers' meetings and social affairs. 6. Name and locate three institutions of learning in Nebraska. 7. Give three or more duties of the school board of your district. 8. Give the three divisions of our gov- ernment and the duties of each. 9. Give three things that a good citizen will do; three that he will not do. 10. What is a jury, poll tax, veto, asses- sor, ailen? Lesson XV CIVICS 5-5-21 1. What are the duties of the school board? Name the school officers of your district and give their official title. 2. What must a person do in order to be a good citizen? Who are citizens of the United States? 3. What are the three departments of the government of the United States? 4. Name five prominent men in the United States and state for what each is noted. 5. Who may be president of the United States? Who is president? When did he take office? 5. What is the chief executive of the state called? Who holds this position in Nebraska? 7. Explain how the laws of Nebraska are made. 8. Name four county officers and duties of each. 9. Name two branches of the state legis- lature. Which is the larger house? 10. Why are taxes necessary? What benefits do we derive from the money that we pay out as taxes? Notes Notes Notes Notes LIBRARY OF CONGRESS