E178 .K395 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 0000570^737 r^r<* .^^^ '^bp^ ^* /jife\ %/ .-M^". ^^r,.^'^ '^ !«' ' o » - ,0 ^ * * , 1 • ^^^ .V .o"* A ; ^^0^ ^^.^^ • « ■» CATECHISM (f)r THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES: WITH A CBEOMlSGICAl TABLE OF AMEIllCAN HISTOEJ, From its Discovery in 1492 to iJie year 1854. ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS. »U10ITXD TO ACCOMPANY IRTINO'S SERIES OP CATECHXSMa Adapted to the use of Schools in the United States. Vj M. J. KERNEY, Esq, AtMtor of n>mpenditim of Ancient and Modem History, Ac, <0e., Ae, ••'l.*^ f« nothing that can better deserve onr patronage than the promc jjof. tf "C««nce and literature. Knowledge 1b in every country the siunn feM^a ^ public happiness: and In one in which the measares of goTon> Hi Third Enlarged and Revised Edition iiALTIMOKS: KliLLY, PIET & CO., PUBLISHERS, 174 Baltimore Street. EL\78 wTWiBD, according to the Act of CJongrwB, in t^ ftm ftijfhteen huadred and fifty-four, bj J. Mdbpht? h. Co, tB the OJerk's Office cf tha DiBtrict Court of Mxryiaa* APR 181^9 Army and Nary Oln1» ADVERTISEMENT a f THE THTKD REVISED EDITION IHE peculiar merits of this little History afe to Ix ftinnd in the accuracy of its details, and in tlie adap- tation of its style and arrangement to the capacity of that class of learners for which it was designed. In these Darticulars it is lar superior to any work ot the kind now before the public. But the favor with which it has been received, and its extensive circula tion, are the tiest comments on its merits. Ten thou sand copies hiy^e been disposed of witliin two years. Tlicse indications of public approbation have in duced the publishers to spare neither labor nor expense to render the work still more deserving of that hberal patronage which has been already ex- teaded to it. The present edition has been carefully revised and considerably enlarged ; and in order to render the work more interestmg and attractive, a aumber of appropriate and instructive engra-ving have been introduced. These improvements ^vill ad niuch to its merits, and render the present far sape nor tc) the previous editions. Baltimore Febmary 10, 1864. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDlTiOH The following little work is designed for childres about to commence the study of History. It has bee* cjompiled at the request of the publishers, to be w^ed ji connexion with Irving's highly popular series of catechisms. The plan of the work is similar to that adopted by Dr. Irring. The catechetical form of instruction is now admitted by the most experienced teachers to be the best adapted to the nature and capacity of children — a system by which they will acquire a knowledge of a science in les% time than hj any other. As an introductory work, the following catechisu will be found to possess many advantages, particularlj for that class of learners for wliich it is designed. Il presents to the minds of the young a clear and con- cise view of the most interesting and important event* of the history of their own country. The chronolo- gical table will render them familiar with tb«) datei irf the most important transactiona, and servr^ »*> f « oxTQll^t iP«ib«d o' ex^*cisiiif ^iisi* j)»ii^o^*^ CONTENTS. AbVKBTisBMENT to Third Edition PuKPACB to First Edition Intbodcction Chap. J. Discovery and Antiquities of America 11 II. The Settlement of Virginia 17 fil. The Settlement of the New England States. . 20 IV The Settlement of the Middle and Southerc States 24 V. The French War, and Conquest of Canada. , . 28 VI. The Causes of the Revolution 32 VII. The Revolutionary War .^B O'lII. The Rey^olutionary War — Continued 40 IX. The Revolutionary War — Continued 48 X. The Revolution^ Concluded 51 iXI. Adoption of the Constitution of the United States — Difficulties with France, &c 56 ZII. The Late War with England 63 Xni. The Late War with England— Concluded .. . 68 ilV. The National Bank, &c 71 XV, War with Mexico — Causes of the War — The Battle of Palo Alto — Battle of Resaca de la Palma — Battle of Monterey — Battle of Baena Vista Tt £V1. War with Mexico, Continued — General Scott — Surrender of Vera Cruz — Battle of Cerro <»ordo — Battle of Contreras — Battle of Chn- ibubod- Sunencier of ti.u uty of Mexico. . ii4 8 CONTENTS. Tag* General Qaestioiis on tbo Constitution of the United St»ence their settlement in America ? A. In 1584, Sir Walter Ealeigh sent out a company of adventurers, who landed on an island in Pamlico Sound, and then proceeded to he Isle of Roanoke, where they commenced a ettlcment. Q. What was the fate of this party? A. They were in a short time reduced to th^ ••most distress by famine, and by hostilities with dio nativi38, and returned again to England. Q. Wha.t did Raleigh do in 1585 ? A fh 1585, Raleigh sent out another 0012- l^atiy of one hundred acd fifry uicu 18 HISTORY OP Q. Where did they land? A. This party also landed on the Islo of Ro- anoke, but they were soon reduced to great dis- tress, and returned to England with Sir Francis Drake. Q. When was the first permanent settlement made in Virginia ? A. The first permanent settlement wag made in Virginia in 1607, at Jamestown, under the direction of the London Company. Q. What have you to observe of the first se^ tiers ? A. They were men of dissipated habits, and Jestitute of industry and economy. They were soon involved in war with the Indians : and in six months after they landed, half their numboi died of famine and disease. Q. What distinguished man was among th« first settlers ? A. Captain John Smith. Q. What have you to relate of Smith? A. He was taken prisoner by the Indians who carried him to Powhatan, their king, Q. What sentence was pronounced on ynaith 1 A. He was condemned to death, and imme- diately led forth to execution. Q What happened as they were about t€ execute him? A. His head was laid upon a stone, and the savages with uplifted clubs were about to kill him ; but just at this moment, Pocahontas, the favorite daughter of Powhatan, rushed between the executioners and the prisoiier, and by her rilE UNITED STAPES. 19 »€ars and entreaties prevailed on her father to ^pare the life of Smith. Q. Was her prayer heard ? A. Yes ; Smith obtained his liberty, and re- urned in safety to Jamestown. Q. What is related of Pocahontas ? A. Powhatan had secretly planned ihe tniction of the Colony, but Pocahontas w Jamestown on a dark and stormy night, and dit^jlosed to Smith the designs of her father, and th»i.s saved the Colony from destruction. Q. ^Vhat happened to her on another visit to Tamestown ? 4. She was detained a prisoner. ^. Whom did she marry ? 4. She was married to a young man named John Kolfc, with whom she sailed to England, and was there instructed in the Christian reli* gi-'in, and publicly baptized. Q, Where did she die? A She died at Gravesend, leaving one son, from whom some of the most eminent families in Virginia are descended. Q. When and by whom was slavery introduced? A. In the year 1620, a Dutch vessel from tho oast of Guinea, sailed up the James River, hav ng on board about twenty negroes, who wer old to the planters. Q "What happened on the 22d of March, IG23? A. The colony was attacked l-y the Indiana, ind in one fatal hour, 347 of tlio colonists, fell ^-icUiii? to iJiclr cruoity. 20 HISTORY OF Q. By what was this followed 1 A. By a war of extermination againpt tli» Indians. Q. What took place in 1676 V A. An insurrection broke out, called Bacon i Icbellion, from the name of its leader. Q. During this rebellion, what happened? A. The country was laid waste, and Jamc» town burned to the ground ; but it Was tcrmi Dated by the death of Bacon. CHAPTER III. Tfic Settlement of the New England Stotes. Q. Plow did these States get the name of New England ? A. In 1614 this section of the country was visited by the celebrated Captain Smith, who explored the coast, and on his return to Europe made a map of the country and called it Neit England. Q. By whom was Massachusetts settled ? A. By a company of persons from England called Puritans. Q. Where had the Puritans gone before thc^ removed to America ? A. They had gone to Holland. Q. Why did they resolve to remove to Ame riea? A To avoid the persecution carried oii agaiu.^' THE UNITED STATES. 55 » them in I'heir own country on account of their religion. Q. What was the name of the vessel in which they sailed ? A. The Mayflower. Q. Where did they intend to land ? A. They intended to land at the mouth of th Hudson river, but they were carried much fur ther to the north. Q. When and where did they land ? A. They landed on the 22d of December 1620, at a place called by the natives Patuxet, but to which they gave the name of Plymouth. Q. Why did they call the place Plymouth ? A. In honor of Plymouth, in England, the Dort fi'om which they sailed. Q. What was the number of the Pilgrims ? A. They numbered 101. Q. What was their condition ? A. They suffered greatly from famine and sickness, so that half their number died before spring. Q. What regulation did they establish shortly after their landing ? A. With a desire of conforming to the sim- Dlicity 0f the early Christians, they held all theif property in common. Q. By whom were they visited in 1621 ? A. They were visited by Massasoit, a distin- ruished Indian chief, from whom the State of Massachusetts derives its name. Q. When and by whom was Connecticut set- kled? 22 UISTOKY CF A. In 1636, by a company of persons froa Massachusetts, with their minister, Mr. Hooker Q. Where did they commence their first set tlements ? A. At Windsor, Hartford, and Weathersfield Q. V)j whom was Rhode Island settled? A. Rhode Island was settled in 1636, by Ro- ger Williams, a clergyman, who was expelloTt, he destroyed a valuable young apple tree. His father, being very angry, asked who had destroyed the tree. Young George, hearing it, ran to his father and said, " Father, you know that I cannot tell a lie ; I did it with my hatchet." Q. How far were the French forts on the Ohio from the Virginia colony ? A. The distance was abojit 400 miles, 200 of «7hich were through a wilderness inhabited by totile tribes of Indians. Q. How did Washington travel ? A. fie started on horseback, but before h had provieoded ftir his horse failed. He then proceeded on foot, with a musket in his hand and A pack on his back. He reached the French Bctllement, delivered tiie njosb.ige to tnc com- mander, and returned safely to t'irgicla. so iitsroiiv OF Q. What Iiavc 3'ou to observe of the reply 0^ fhc French coniniaiidcr ? A. The reply did not give satisfaction, asd the Governor of Virginia immediately organized a regiment to support the claims of Great Britain Q. AVho "tvas appointed commander of thi cgiment ? ^-1. Mr. Fry was appointed colonel, and yoanje; Washington lieutenant-colonel ; but on the death cf Fry, which happened shortly afterwards, the command devolved upon Washington. Q- Where did Washington proceed? A. He marched forward to attack the French at Fort Duquesne, near the place where PittS" burg now stands. Q. What happened before he reached that place ? A. Before he reached the fort, he was informed that the French had been strongly reinforced, Q. What did he do? A. He fell back to a fort which he had re- cently thrown up. <^>. What took place there ? A. He was there attacked by the French, and made a brave resistance, but he was at last com- elled to capitulate. Q. What happened in 1754? A. General Braddock arrived in A'^irginia witb authority of commander-in-chief of the English forces in America. Q. What did Braddock do? A. Despising the^irudent advice of Yv^aslin^tf <-oir, ho pushed forwird to Fort l)u^ije THE UNITED SfArES. 81 Q. What was the consequence ? A. Before he .recached the fort, he was sud- lonlv attacked by a body of French and Indians ^r What followed? A. After making a brave resistance, the Eng- t«h were totally defeated. Q. What is said of Braddock ? A He did all that a brave general could dn out after having three horses shot under him, he fell mortally wounded. Q. What is said of Washington ? A. Washington had two horses shot under him, and four balls passed through his coat, yet he escaped unhurt. Q. How many of the British were killed in this battle ? Q. About seven hundred ; and out of eighty- five officers, only twenty-one survived. Q. About the same time, what took place iL the eastern colonies ? A. General Shirley, of Massachusetts, led an expedition against Canada ; but it was unsuc- etissful ; and Oswego was taken by the French. Q. What took place in 1759 ? A Niagara was tak'^n by Sir William John- son, and Quebec by General Wolfe. Q. What is related of Wolfe ? A. He received a mortal wound in the m(v- oicnt of victory, and was carried to the roar of the army. When in the agcmies of death, he Ueurd the sliout : - They fly, tliey fly !" "Who Sy*r" a?:kcd the d^nng hero, and being to]'] that tjZ HISTORY OF it was the French, he replied : " I die hap|-\ " and immediately expired. Q. What is related of Montcalm, the French commander? A. Montcalm also fell mortally wounded ; and being told that he could survive only a few mo- monts, he replied : " So much the better ; I shall not then live to see the surrender of Quebec." Q. \VTiat took place the following year? A. Canada was reduced to a British province CHAPTER VI The Causes of the Revolution. Q. What may be observed of the eolonics ap to this period? A. Up to this period the (wlonies expressed a warm attachment hr England, and felt proud of their connection with one of the most pow- erful nations of Europe. Q. What were some of the causes which led to the American Revolution ? A. Shortly after the French war, the British government began to encroach upon the rights of the colonies, and wished to raise a revenue Oy taxing them without their consent. Q. What was the first act of oppression, passed by the British parliament towarda the American colonies? THE UNITED STATES. A, It was the fa.mous Stamp Act, passed in iSie year 1765. Q. What was the nature of this act ? A. By this act, the Americans were compelled oo use stamjied paper for all notes, bonds, and other legal instruments, on which paper a heavy •iaty was to be paid to the British government. Q. What did the Americans do, when they heard of the passage of this act? A. They shut up the courts of justice, and the people settled their disputes by arbitration ; they then formed an association against import- ing or using British goods. Q. What took place in 1766 ? A. The opposition to the stamp act was so great, that it was repealed in 1766. Q. What was the next act of oppression on the part of the British parliament ? A. In 1767, a duty was laid on tea, glass, pa- per, and several other articles, imported to the colonies. Q. What followed the passage of this act ? A. The flame of opposition increased in Ame- rica to such a degree, that in 1770, the British parliament repealed the duties on all articles, xcept three pence per pound on tea. Q. In 1773 how did the people of Boston ex- press their opposition to the duty on tea? A. A party of men, disguised as Indians, went on board the ships, during the night, and threw the tea, consisting of 342 chests, into th« harbor. 64 HISTORY oy Q. When the news of this actio» «eaeh€.»> England, what did the parliament do ? A An act was passed, by which the pert o^ Boston was closed, and the government tranp- ferred to Salem. Q. How did the people of Maryland c:ijpreF« ^icir opposition to the duty on teaV A. They assembled in several places, and compelled the persons, who paid the duty, to burn the tea publicly. On one occasion, at Annapolis, they burned not only the tea, but also the vessel in which it was imported. Q. What ether tyrannical act was passed about this time ? A. An act was passed by the British parliH- ment, by which, all persons indicted for capita! offences, were to be sent to England for trial. Q. When and where did the first ContinentaJ Congress meet? A. At Philadelphia, in the yeai 1774. Q. What agreement was entered into ? A. An agreement was entered into, called th<» Solemn League and Covenant, by which th** members detfermined to suspend all intercourse with Grreat Britain until their rights should >)o estored. Q. Who was the first President of the (^jh^. Dental 'Congress? A. Peyton Randolph, of Virginia. Q. What was commenced about thii» *»!»«» 1 A. A regular enlistment of soldier.s THE UNITED STATES. '% i«),feJ S5 Battle of Bunker Hill. CHAPTER VII. The Revolutionary War. Q. WiiEiiE was the first battle fought in the Kovoliition V A. At Lexington, in the year 1775. Q. What occasK-^ned the battle of Lexington ? A. On the 19th of April, a body of British troops was sent to destroy some military stores collected at Concord; but in passing through iioxington they were met by a small party cf Americans who had assembled to oppose their progress. Q. 'SVhat was the issue of the battle V A. The Americans were dispersed, and the British troops proceeded to Concord. rfO HISTORY Olf 0. What followed this event ? A. The Americans, roused by the report (A the muskets, assembled by hundreds, and thi British were obliged to retreat to Boston. Q What happened to them in their retreat ? A. They were attacked by the Americans nd sixty-five of their number killed, and on undred and eighty wounded. Q. What did Congress do immediately attei this event ? A. It voted that thirty thousand men should be raised in the New England colonies. Q. In the mean tirae what was done ? A. Crown Point and several other forts and magazines in the possession of the E'^glish weie seized by the Americans. Q. Wliat did the Americans resolvo ? A. They resolved, if possible, to drive the British from Boston. Q. For this purpose, what did thev df> ? A. They directed Colonel Prescott, with » Dody of one thousand men, to throw up an id trenchraent on Bunker's Hill. Q. What mistake took place? A. Prescott took possession of Breed's Hill va. eminence much nearer Boston. Q. When did Prescott gain possession of th.. ill? A. He reached the place during the night of the 1 6th of June, and worked so silently that the Rnglish had no intimation of his design until the sun, on the return of day, beaiftcd upon tfeo American works THE DN'ITED STATES. 37 Q. What did the British do when they beheld Breed's Hill occupied by the Americans ? A. After firing upon the works from the ships in the harbor, without effect, General Gage sent General Howe and General Pigot, with three housand men to drive the Americans from th ill. Q. What followed? A. 3'he memorable battle of Bunker's Hill, during which the British troops were twice re- pulsed, with a heavy loss ; but being reinforced, they finally succeeded in carrying the fortifica- tion. Q. How did the Americans fight ? A. They fought with determined bravery when all their ammunition was exhausted, they continued the battle with the butt-end of their muskets, and were only driven from their work? at the point of the bayonet. Q. What was the loss on both sides ? A. The British lost one thousand and fifty- .TDur, in killed and wounded, and the Americans thirty-nine killed and two hundred and twenty- sight wounded. Q. What American officers were engaged in his action ? A. Generals Warren, Putnam, and Starke; he former of whom was killed. Q. During the battle of Bunker's Hill, what oown was set on fire ? A. Charlestown ; a few bombs were thrown mto it, and the place soon enveloped in flames 38 HISTORY UP Q. After this battle, who was chosen aa Con*- manderrin-chief of the American forces ? A Greorge "Washington, then in the fortv fourth year of his age. Q When and where did Washington taki command of the army ? A. On the 2d of July, 1775, at Cambridge near Boston. Q. What was the number of the army at thi? time ? A. About foui'teen thousand men. Q. Who were sent to invade Canada ? A. Generals Schuyler and Montgomery ; but the former being unable to proceed on account of sickness, the whole command devolved on Montgomery. Q. What place did Montgomery capture ? A. Montreal: November 13th, 1775. Q. Who was sent to aid Montgomery? A. General Arnold. Q. What place did they attempt to take by storm ? A. The city of Quebec. Q. What was the result ? A. The attempt proved unsuccessful and fatal *o the heroic Montgomery, who fell in the act of caxing the walls. Q. Of what country was Montgomery a na- tive? A. Of Ireland, which he left in order to aid the Americans in gaining tneir liberty. Q. What was tho first operation of Generai W.ashxDgton ? fHE UNITED STATl.S. 39 i. The expulsion of the British from Boston Q. How did he effect this ? A. He erected a battery on Dorcliester Point, ffhich soon obliged General Howe to abandon he city. Q When did the British leave 13oston ? A. Ou the J 7th of March they embarked foi lalifax. Q. By whom was the city of Charleston, the capital of South Carolina, attacked ? A. By Sir Peter Parker, with several British vessels of war. Q. What was the result ? A. After a violent assault, which lasted for ten hours, they were compelled to retire. Q. Who defended the city ? A. Colonel Moultrie. Q. On the 7th of June what motion was made m Congress ? A. A motion was made by Bichard Henry Lee, of Virginia, and seconded by John Adams, af Massachusetts, declaring the colonies free and independent. Q. When did the Declaration of Indepen- ionce take place ? A. On the fourth of July, in the year 1776 Q. Who wi'ote the Declaration of Tndepen- itnce ? A. Thomas Jefferson. Q. How many colonies were there at that I'Qe? A. Thiixeen. " ^ Q. Want wore ther declared to be? 40 HISTORY C^ A. They were declared to be F7'ec, Soveretgv and Independent States. Q. "Where was Congress then assembled? A. In Philadelphia. Q. Who was then President of the Congress A. John Hancock. Q. How did the signers pledge themselves fe« Bupport this declaration ? A. They pledged their lives, their fortune*, and their sacred honor. Q. What was the effect of the Declaration of Independence ? A. By it all connection with Great Britain was for ever dissolved. CHAPTER VIII„ TJie Revolutionary War — continued. Q. When and where was the first battle fought after the Declaration of Independence! A. On the 27th of August, on Long Island. Q. Which party was victorious ? A. The British. Q. Who commanded the Americans? A. Grcncral Sullivan. Q. By whom were the British commanded A. Sir Henry Clinton, Percy, and Lord Corn wallis. Q. Can you tell the loss on both sides ? A. The British lost four hundred, but ih* rilE UNITED STATES. 41 Americans lost about one thousand in killed, wounded and prisoners, Q. What incident occurred about this time, that exhibits the noble and indepeident spirit of General Washington ? A. Letters were addressed to him by General Howe, comm-ander of the British ; but as these etters were directed to George Washington, and not to him in his official capacity, Washington refused to receive them. Q. When he was told that they contained grants of pardon, &c., what did he reply ? A. He replied, that the Americans had com- mitted no wrong, and therefore wanted no par- don : they were only contending for their rights and liberties. Q. After the battle of Long Island, what did the British do ? A. They took possession of New York, Sep- tember 15th, Q. Where did the Americans retire ? A. They retired to White Plains, where, on Afie 28th of October, a severe action took place, m which several hundred were killed and wound- d on bo^i sides ; yet neither party could qlain) he victory. Q. After this battle where did Washin.ct^: fttire ? A. He retiied to Newark ; from thence i\^ pa.'^sed through New Brunswick, Princeton, t'-'jntoii, and finally crossed the Delaware, beinf i'X- eely pursued by the British under Lord Corn »■ ills 42 HISTORY OP Q. Where was General Lee taken prisoner 1 A. At Baskenridge, near New Brunswick. Q. During the winter of this year, what darit ; enterprise did Washington accomplish ? A. On the 25th of December he recrosscd the Delaware, and surprissed a large body of Hessian troops at Trenton, and took them pri- iBoners. Q. What was the number of the prisoners A. About one thousand and forty-eight. Q. Who were the Hessians ? A. TJicy were German soldiers, hired by Eng- land to fight against the Americans. Q. What did Washington then do ? A. Taking with him a great quantity of arms and ammunition that fell into his hands, he re- crossed the Delaware the same day. Q. What was Washington's next exploit ? A. On the 3d of January, 1777, he proceeded to Princeton, defeated a party of British, with a loss of three hundred men, and compelled the remainder, about three hundred in number, to surrender themselves as prisoners of war. Q. In this action who was killed ? A. General Mercer, of Virginia. Q. What is said of these achievements? A. They diffused universal joy among th Americans, and inspired them with fresh ardo in the cause of freedom. Q. During this spring, what took place in vjonnecticut ? .4. Governor Tryon was sent by the Bn'tis' 10 destroy some military stores at Danbury llliJ UNITED STATES. 4i) 9 Did lie succeed in his design ? A. i'xtf Qebtroyed the stores, and partly burai f .10 town. (^. What happened on his return? A. He "was attacked and defeated by the 'Yinericans under General Wooster, who unfor ijiiiately lost his life. Q, What was the object of General Howe , A To gain possession of Philadelphia. Q. For this purpose what did he do ? A. He embarked his troops at New York, sailed up the Chesapeake Bay, and landing at the head of Elk River, he commenced his march to Philadelphia. Q. When and where was he opposed ? A On the 11th of September, on the banks .)f the river Brandywine, not far from AYilming- bon. Q. What was the result of the battle ? A. The Amei leans, under General Washing- ton, were repulsed. Q. What two distinguished foreigners serred under the American banners, in the battle ? A. Lafayette, of France, and Pulaski, of Po- and; the former of whom was wounded. Q. Who was Lafayette ? A. He was a French nobleman, who came his country to assist the Americans in gaining heir independence. Q Who was Pulaski ? A. He was a native of Poland ; he came to fh\a country in order to assist the countrymen ii WHshin;rton in maintainiaj' ihf-ir rights, and ^4 HISTOEY OF h\ obtaining dieir iibertiee. He v,tis killed m tho American cause, at Savannah. Q. When did the British take possession CHAPTER IX The Revdidioiuify War— continued. Q. What took place in the early part of tb ear 1778 ? A. A treaty of alliance was concluded Ix tween France and the United States. Q. Can you name the American commission ers with whom the treaty was negotiated ? A. Dr. Franklin, Silas Dean, and Arthur Lt-r Q. Who was then King of France? A. Louis the Sixteenth. Q. When the news of this treaty reached England, what was done by the British govern- ment? A. War was immediately declared agai«st France, and commissioners were sent to Ame rica to settle the difficulties with the colonies Q. Were these commissioners successful ? A. No ; their offers were rejected. Q. What took place on the 22d of June, 177*'' A. The British evacuated Philadelphia. Q. What occurred on the 28th of June? A The battle of Monmouth took place. Q. Can you describe the battle ? A. The battle was conducted for some tim« frith great bravery on both sides; at lengtl General Lee retreated^ and threw the Americai lines into disorder ; but Washington coming uji at this moment, order was afjrain restored Th» niE UNITKP «TATK6. 47 Saitlc ended with the day ; and during tlio night he British silently withdrew and continvcd their oarch to New York. Q What have you to observe of Lee ? A Lee was tried for disobedience of orders, nd disrespect to the commander-in-chief, and appended from the service. He never joined he army again. He died in the fall of 1782 in Philadelphia. Q What assistimce arrived about this tiuic ? A. In July a fleet under the command of Count d'Estaign, sent over by the king of France, arrived on the coast of the United States, bring mg aid to the Americans. Q. What was done by the fleet ^ A. Nothing of any particular importance ; a* the close of the season it sailed to the West In dies, where it remained during the winter. Q. What settlement was destroyed about thi time? A. The settlement of Wyoming. Q. Where was Wyoming ? A. It was situated near the banks of the Sus- aiiehanna, in the present county of Luzerne Pennsylvania. Q. Can you describe its destruction ? A. It was j-^tacked by a party of tories an Indians ; the men were butchered and the woanei* md children locked up in the houses, which were then set on fire, and the unfortunate mmatea VfQVQ o^jsumed in the flames. Q. Where did Washington pass the winter of 1778 and 1.779? »f» IIISXORY 0? A. At Middlebrook, in New Jprso^ Q. What took place in July ? A. Stony Point, on the Hudson, was captured 6y General Wayne. Q. In the mean time, what took place in th< outh? A. The British took possession of Savannafc <»ud Sunbury, in Georgia. Q. Yf hat took place at Savannah ? A. The Americans, under General Lincoln, in connection with the French fleet, attempted to retake it, but the attempt was unsuccessful. Q. What distinguished personage was killed during this attack ? A. The brave and patriotic Pulaski, a native of Poland, who had come to this country to aid the Americans to gain their independence. Q. How was the campaign of 1780 com- menced ? A. The British laid siege to Charleston, the capital of South Carolina. Q. What was the result ? A. The city was bravely defended for some time, but was at length compelled to surrender, Muy 11th. Q. What took place on the 16th of August , A. The battle of Camden, in which Genera! Gates was defeated by the British, under Lord Cornwallis. Q. What troops distinguished themselves in this battle ? A. The regular troops of Maryland and Dele ware. THE UNITED STiiTKS. 49 ^. WVrt) commanded these troops ? A. The brave and illustrious Baron De Kalh. ' bo maintained his position until overpowered Dy numbers and taken prisoner. Q. Who was De K^lb ? A. He was a Prussian Genwal, who, like liatayette and Pulaski, left his home and can« x> this country to assist the Americans in gain- ing their independence. Q. What was his fate ? A. He died of the wounds he received in thi* battle ^. What did he say to a British officer be- fore his death ? A. He said : " I die the death I have always .•rayed for ; the death of a soldier fighting for be lights of man." Q. Where was the next battle fought? A. At King's Mountain, North Carolina. Q. What party gained the victory? A, The Americans, under Colonel Campbell. Q. What took place in July ? A. A French fleet, under the command of Do Tcrnay, arrived at Rhode Island. Q. What was the number of troops on board bis fleet ? A. About 6,000, under the command of Coun Ac Rochambeau. Q. What naval victory have you to record luring this year ? A. In September of this year, Paul Jones, sailing under the American flag, gained an im- portant victory over a British frigate, on the 50 iiiSTOiiY or ecast of Scotland. The Order of Merit was sonferred on liim by Louis XVI, of France, an'^ Congress gave him a vote of thanks and pre- »*auted him with a gol<^ medal. vj>. For what was this year distinguished ? A. For the treachery of General Arnold. Q. What did Arnold intend to do? A. He intended to betray West Point into the hands of the British. Q. Who was the agent with whom Arnold had an interview ? A. A British Major, named John Andre. Q. How were the designs of Arnold prevented' A. Andre was detected on his return to New York. Q. Can you relate the particulars of his cap- ture ? A. He was returning to New York in the dress of a private citizen, when he was stopped by three American soldiers, who searched him, and found a drawing of West Point, and other papers concealed in one of his boots. Q. When did this take place ? A. On the 23d of September, 1780. Q. What did Andre do to obtain his release? A. He offered his captors a purse of gold, and a valuable watch, if they would let him go : but these noble-hearted patriots valued their country above gold ; they refused to release him, and immediately led him to the American camp Q. What was the fate of Andre ? A. He was tried and executed as a spy. Q What became of Arnold ? THE UNITED STATES. 51 A. He made his escape to New York, and received, as the reward of his treachery, the ap- pointment of General in the British army. Surrender of Comwallis, CHAPTER X. The Revolution — concluded. Q. After the defeat of General Gates, who W'AH appointed to the comn^and of the Southern irmy? ^4. General Greene, in 1781. Q. What took place on the 17th of January, ihis year? 52 IIISTORI OP A, The Americans, under General Morgan gained a signal victory over the British, con' manded by Tarlton, in the battle of the Cow pens. Q. Which party gained the victory in th attle of Hobkirk's Hill ? A. The British, under Lord Bawdon. Q. "Who commanded the Americans ? A. Greneral Greene. Q. What occurred at Eutaw Springs, in South Carolina ? A. General Greene completely routed the main body of the British army. Q.. After this battle, where did Lord Corn- wallis fortify himself? A. Yorktown, in Virginia. Q. When General Washington hea.rd of the position of Cornwallis what did he do ? A. He left his camp at White Plains, crossed the Hudson with his army, and passing rapidly through New Jersey and Pennsylvania, he ar- rived at the head of Elk Biver, on his way to Yorktown. Q. By whom was he joined ? A. Marquis de Lafayette, with reinforcements. Q. While Washington was on his march, grhat pleasing intelligence did he receive ? A, He heard of the arrival of a French fleet under the command of Count de Grasse. Q. At the same time, what fleet appeared ofl the Capes? A. A British fleet under the command o' Admiral Greaves. THE UNITED STATER 53 Q What action took place r A. A slight action took place between the '•wo fleets, in which the French .had the advan- tn|?e, Jind remained in possession of the Bay. Q In the mean time, what did General Wash- in ^rtoii do? A. He embarked his forces, and arrived a iforktown. Q. What was now commenced ? .4. A close siege was now commenced, and carried on with so much vigor, that Lord Corn wallis wa& obliged to surrender himself and his whole arraj to General Washington, as prisoners of war. . Q. When did this event take place 'I A. On the 19th of October, 1781. Q. What was the number of the l^rttish troops that surrendered ? A. They exceeded seven thousand. Q. What amount of military stores were taken? A. Seventy-five brass, and 169 iron cannon, 7,794 muskets, 28 standari^s, besides many other Taluable articles, Q. What did General Washington do imme- diately after the surrender ../ Clornwallis ? A. lie ordered divine f^v.i-vm^p jo be performed ID the different brigades of tne army. Q. When the news of tnis glorious even reached Congress, what did liij^L body recom- mend ? .4. It recomiiiended a day of general thanks- giving throughout the United 8tatrs. 54 UISTORY OF Q. After the surr.ender of Oornwallis, whal became of the British forces in the south ? A. They evacuated all their posts in Soutk Carolina and Georgia, and joined the main arnij in New York. Q. After this, what did Great Britain do ? A. She resolved to discontinue a war which had already exhausted the nation_, and reflected 60 much discredit on her arms. Q. When were pacific overtures made to the American people ? A. Early in the spring of 1782, when both nations ceased from hostilities. Q. Who were the American commissioncra with whom the treaty of peace was negotiated? A. John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Henry Larurens, and John Jay. Q. Where did they meet ? A. In the city of Paris. Q. When was the treaty concluded and signed ? * A. On the 30th of November, 1782, in which the United Colonies were admitted to bo '^Free Sovereign, and Independent States." Q. When was it ratified by the United States A, On the-3d of September, 1783. Q Where was Congress in session at that timt A. At Annapolis, in Maryland. Q. How long had the war lasted ? ^4. About eight years. Q. What did the war cost Great Britain ? A. The sum of one hundred million pound* storting and 50,000 of licr sul^jocts. filE UNITED STATES &8 Q. What took place on the 25th of No rem' r.er, 1783? A The British evacuated Now York, and •loneral Washington, accompanied hy Governor 'JHnton, entered that city in triumph. Q. After peace was concluded, what did Gen ral Washington do? A. He resigned his military commission, and itired to his peaceful home at Mount Vernon, in Virginia. Q. About this time what society was formed ? A. The officers of the American army, before they separated, formed themselves into a society which they called Cincinnati, after CincinnatuSj tbe celebrated Roman General, who, after he had vanquished the enemies of his country, re- tired to his farm. CHAPTER XI. Adoption of the Constitution of the United States — Difficulties luitli France, &c. Q. Previous to the formation of the present V>nstitution, by what had the United States been CTorned ? A. By the Articles of Confederation. Q. "What have you to observe of them ? A, After the dangers of the war had passed .,vfay^ they were found whollj'. inyufllcicnt for the d6 history of Q What was determined on 1? A. The formation of a constitution, ^vhich might supply the deficiencies of the old one. Q Where did delegates assemble for thai purpose ? A. In the city of Philadelphia, on the 2ol f May, 1787. Q. Who was chosen president of this assembly A. General Washington. Q. How long did the delegates deliberate ? A. About four months. Q. After the delegates had agreed on the form of the constitution, what did they do ? A. Th(;y sent it to Congress, and by this body it was sent to the different States for their con* Bideration. Q. Was it accepted by all the States V A. No ; North Carolina and Rhode Island at first rejected it, but they afterwards adopted it. Q. By the constitution, in whom is the legis- lative power vested ? A. In a Congress, consisting of a Senate and House of Ecpresentatives. Q. Where did the first Congress meet V A. In the city of New York, in April, 1788 Q. Who was elected the first President of th United States ? A.. General Washington, who was then in tht 57th year of his age. Q. Who was chosen Vice President V A. John Adams, of Massachusetts. Q. Who were the other prominent officerH of iho '^overnmen^- ' THE UNITED STATES. 57 A Alexander Hamilton was appointed Sec- retary of the Treasury ; Henry Knox, Secretary .3f War ; Edmund Randolph, Attorney General ; &nd John Jay, Chief Justice of the United States. Q. What were some of the first acts of Con- gress? A. They laid a duty on the importation Oi merchandise, and on the tonnage of vessels. Q. When was the United States Bank estab- lished ? A. In the year 1790, and was chartered for twenty years. , Q. What distinguished man died at this pe- riod? A. Doctor Franklin died at Philadelphia, while Governor of Pennsylvania, at the age of 84 years. Q Wliat may be observed of Franklin ? A. He was a poor boy, and apprenticed to learn the art of printing, but by applying himself to study during his hours of leisure, he arose to eminence in science, and filled many positions jf honor and distinction among his countrymen. Q. Of what was he the discoverer ? A. He was the discoverer of the electrical ^Tlality of lightning. Q. What useful invention followed this disco- fery? A. The lightning-rod. Q. What di«turbance took place about thia time? ^4. The iphnbitants of the western part of Pcnnsylvanis '»"3rc highly incensed by certain 68 HISTORY OP measures of Congress, for raising a revcuui; bj imposing a tax upon distilled spirits. Q. What did the President do ? A. Washington sent a military force into thai section of the State, but the difficulty was set led without bloodshed. Q. What troubles arose on the north -wosterf ontier ? A. War with the Indians. Q. What was the result of this war ? A. General Hamer was defeated by the In- iians, near Chilicothe, in Ohio ; after this, Gen- eral St. Clair, was sent against them with addi- tional forces, but he also was defeated near the Miami, leaving nearly 600 of his men dead upon the field. Q. What took place in 1794? A. The Indians were finally defeated by Gen* eral Wayne, who succeeded St. Clair, and com- pelled to sign a treaty of peace. Q. In what were the United States involved ! A. They were involved in difficulties, grow- ing out of the convulsion of Europe. Q. What did the French do ? A. They put their king to death, then abol shed the regal government, and established t lepublic on its ruins. Q. What did they look for from America ? A. They expected that the people of the United States would assist them, and sent oxe? w America Mr. Genet, as their agent. Q. What is said of the conduct of Genet? A. He conducted kunsclf with great haught) TUB tjnited states. 59 ess, and treated the American Ilepublie like a ributary country ; his conduct was disavowed uy the French government, ancl Mr. Fauchct was sent over in his place. Q. "What course did Washington determine to ursue, during the distracting wars of Europe A. Ho determined to observe a strict iicu rality. Q,. How long was "Washington President of the United States? A. He served two terms, or eight years. Q. At the end of his second term, what did he do? A. He declined a re-election, issued a fare- well address to the American people, and re- tired from public life. Q, Who succeeded him in the office of Presi- Jent? A. John Adams, of Massachusetts. Q. Who was chosen "Vice President ? A. Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia. Q. During the administration of Mr, Adams,, what is said of France ? A, The French Directory made, with much Dsolence, certain unreasonable demands of the Jnited States, and assumed a hostile attitude. Q What did the United States do ? A They immediately took measures of de- 'enee ; General Washington was appointed Com- mander-in-chief of the Army, and orders were given for the capture of French vessels. Q. What followed? A Commodore Truxton, commanded the 60 UISTOBJf il9 Oonstellation, American bhip-of-war, captured two French vessels. Q. What was the effect of these measures ? A. The French government was soon induced to make overtures of peace. Q. What happened about :his period.? A. The Republic was destined to mourn ths dca^h of General Washington. Q. When and where did Washington die ? A. On tie 14th of December, 1799, at Mouns Vernon, in the 68th year of his ago. Q. Of what disease did he die 'i A. He died of an inflammation of the throat, after an illness of only two days. Q. When and by whom was the city of Wash- ington laid out ? A. In 1791, by the distinguished man whose name it bears ? Q. When was the seat of government re moved to Washington ? A. In the year 1800. Q. What city had previously been the seat of government? A. The city of Philadelphia, for the space of ten years. Q. Who succeeded Mr. Adams as Prcsidonl ©f the United States ? A. Thomas Jeffsrson, in 1801. Q. Who, at the same time, was choseii Vic<»" President ? A. Aaron Burr. Q. About this time, what new iource of vei ation arose? TIIK UNITED STATKb. tit A The piracies of the Barbary States. Q,. What did Tripoli demand? A. Certain tributes, which the United States refused to pay. Q. What followed ? A. Several vessels belonging to the Unite fcates were captured Q. In 1803, what took place? A. The American frigate F^hilaJcIphia. run aground near Tripoli, and all her officers and men were taken prisoners, and the vessel seized 'by the Tripolitans. Q. How were the American prisoners treated ? A. The officers were treated as prisoners of ^ Q. After the uattJt'., what took place ? A. The BritisL jiiarched forward and took (XJssession of the city of Washington. Q. What buildings were ordered to be bur oy General lloss? A. The capitol, the treasury, war, and navy iffices. Q. What city was next attacked? A. The city of Baltimore. Q What took place on the 12th of September? rO HISTORi- OF A. The British landed at North Point, beivrvt the city, but were repulsed by the American.' under the command of General Strieker. Q What was the fate of General Ross 'r A. As he advanced at the head of his ariM_y e was killed by an American rifleman. Q. What was done by the British fleet ? A. It bombarded Fort McHenry for abou cwonty-four hours, without doing any i>iateria. injury. Q. What became of the British after the death of General Ross ? A. They abandoned their attempts on Balti- more ; and embarking on board their fleet, they moved down the bay. Q. Previous to this time, what took place ? A. Overtures of peace were made by the Prince Regent of England. Q. Who were the American commissioners appointed to negotiate a peace ? * A. They were Henry Clay, Jonathan Russell, John Quincy Adams, James A. Bayard, and Albert Gallatin. Q Where did they meet "? A. They met at Gh-ent. Q While negotiations were in progress, wha ook place in the South ? 4 A large British force under General Pack enliam, made an attack upon the city of New )rlean3. Q. Who commanded the Americans? A. General Jackson. Q Of wliat did Jackson make a bre»siwo*Ji THE UNITED STATE?. 71 A. Of bales of cotton. Q. When did the battle of New Orleans take p^ace? A. On the 8th of January, 1815. Q. What was the loss of the British ? A. They lost 700 killed, 1,400 wounded, an 00 prisoners. Q. What was the loss of the Americans ? A. They lost only 7 killed and G wounded. Q. What was the fate of Generals Packcn- bam and Gribbs? A. They were both mortally wounded. Q. When was the treaty of peace concluded t A On the 24th of December, 1814. CHAPTER XIV. TJie National Bank, (^f Q. When was the National Bank re-chartered? A. In the year 1816, for twenty years, with capital of $35,000,000. Q. Who succeeded Mr. Madison ? A. Mr. Monroe, of Virginia, in 1817. Q. How long had Mr. Madison been Pregident A. Eight years. Q Where did Mr. Madison retire 'i A. lie retired to his residence in Vrrgmia, whert he died in 1836, at the age of 85 years. Q. When and by whom was Peco.tur killed in 5 dnnl '^ 72 HISTORY OP A. By Commodore Barron, in 1820. Q. "V\Tien and by what nation was Flori^o ceded to the United States ? A. In the year 1820, by Spain. Q. What sum was paid for it ? A. Five millions of dollars. Q. When was a territorial government cstab ished over Florida? A. In the year 1822. Q. What is the difference between States and t A. It was terminated in the year 1840. Q. What was the population of the Uniteo States in 1840 ? A. It amounted to ^7 068,666 inhabitants. THE UNITED STATES. 75 Q. By whom was Martin Van Buren suo- tfoeded ? A. By General Harrison, in 1841. Q Who, at the same time, was elected Vice- President? A John Tyler, of Virginia. Q. How long had Van Buren been President A. Only four years. Q. How long did General Harrison occupy the Presidential office ? A. Only one month. Q. When was he inaugurated? A. On the 4th of March, 1841. Q. When and where did he die ? A. On the 4th of the following April, in the presidential mansion at Washington. Q. On whom did the duties of President de- volve ? A. On the Vice-President, Mr. Tyler, who served out the remainder of the term. Q. In 1842, what important treaty was con- cluded hetween the United States and Great Britain V A. A treaty determining the boundary of Maine. Q. By whom was it negotiated ? A By Daniel Webster, Secretary of th Uniiod States, and Lord Ashburton, the British AJinister. Q. In 1848, what distm'bance occurred in the «?tate of Rhode Island ? A. An attem.pt was made by the people to 76 HISTORY OP abolish the ancient charter, and to establish a constitution like the other States. Q. Had Rhode Island no constitution previous to this time ? A. No ; she was governed by the charter of "Charles TI, granted in the year 1663. Q Whart was the result? A. The constitutional party was unsuccessful and Thomas W. Dorr, whom they had elected governor, was tried, and condemned to imprison- ment for life. Q. Was this sentence carried into execution 1 A. It was ; but Dorr was pardoned after lan- guishing in prison for several months. Q. By whom was Mr. Tyler succeeded in the office of President? A. By James K. Polk, of Tennessee, in I K4i> Q. Who was elected Vice-President? A George M Dallas, of Pennsylv&mA THE L'NITKD STATBB. Battle of Buona Vista. CHAPTER XV. tVAIl WITH MEXICO. Causes of the War — The Battle of Falo Alto — Battle of Resaca de la Fahna — Battle of Mon- icreif — Battle of Biiena Vista. Q. What was one of the principal causes of he war witli Mexico ? A. The admission of the Republic of Texa« r.to the Union. i> ttie 23d of September, 1846. Q. Where was the next battle fought *? A. At a place called Buena Vista. Q. Who commanded the Mexicans »^ thi* battle ? A. General Santa Anna. Q. What was the number of the fc>vf(?s on each side? A. The Mexicans amounted to about 20 000 men, while the forces under Gei^eral T^iylor amounted only to 5,000. Q. What was the issue of the battle ? A. The Mexicans were defeated witl ^ I.-^<«# •if nearly 2,000 in killed and wounded. Q. What was General Taylor's loss ? A. He lost 267 killed, and 456 wound'-** THli; UNITED STATKS. 88 Q. Can you mention the names of some of ur officers who fell ? A. Yes : among them were Colonels McKee, larden, Fell, Davis, and Clay. Q. When did this battle take place ? A. It took place on the morning of the 23 )f February, 1847. Q. Can you relate any incident of this battle. A. While the battle raged in all its fury, xMr. Crittenden was sent with some message to the Mexican camp ; while there, GenoKal Santa Anna told him if General Taylor would surrender, he irould be protected. Crittenden coolly replied. '* General Taylor never surrenders.^^ Q. While these things were going on, what ither achievements were accomplished ? A. General Kearney, after a march of nearly one thousand miles through the wilderness, en- tered the city of Santa Fe, and took formal po»« ^ssioQ of Nsw Mexico, without opposition. 84 AISTOEX Jtt Batde of Oerro Gordo. CHAPTER XVI. WAR WITH MEXICO— CONTINUED. General Scott — Surrender of Vera Cruz — BaitU of Cerro Gordo — Battle of Contreras — Batd4 of Churuhnsco — Surrendei' of the City of Mexico. Q. In the mean time what took place ? A. In the mean time General Scott was or dered to take command of the forces of the Lni ted States in Mexico Q. When and where was General Scott born * A. General Winfield Scott was born in the year 1786, near Petersburg, in Virginia. THE UNITED STATES. 85 Q. Wlien did he receive a commission in the irmy ? A. In the year 1808, he received a captain's consmission, and by his bravery and talents he has risen to his present distinguished post of comraander-in-chief of the United States forces. Q. What was the first operation of General Bcott after he arrived in Mexico ? A. His first operations were directed a-gainst the city of Vera Cruz. Q. When and oy whom was the city of Vera Cruz founded ? A. It was founded in the year 1519 by Her- nando Cortez, the early conqueror of Mexico. Q. By what celebrated fortress was the city defended ? A. By the castle of San Juan de Ulloa, situ- ated on a small island opposite the city. Q. How did General Scott efiect the reduc- tion of the city ? A. He landed his troops below the city and placed his batteries in such a position that the place was soon compelled to surrender. Q. Before commencing operations, what did he do? A. He sent a summons to the Mexican com jaander to surrender the city, at the same tim permitting all the inhabitants who desired it to retire with their property. Q. When did the city surrender V A. On the 27th of March, 1847. Q. After the capture of Vera Cruz, where did ft Q. How are the members chosen ^ CONSTITUTIONS OP THK STATES. 107 A. Each county, elects one senator and two representatives, who must be freeholders, and have a residence of one year. Q In whom is the executive power vested ? A. In a council of seven, and in a governor, f \9 must be a freeholder, thirty years of a^e w 'I resident of five years. . Q. "What is said of the judges? A. The judges are elected by the legislature, nd hold their office during good behaviour. Q. What may be said of the right of suffrage? A. This right extends to all white male citi- zens. Those who pay taxes, are entitled to vote for members of the house of commons; but it requires a man to possess a freehold of 50 acres of land to entitle him to vote for senators. SOUTH CAllOLINA. Q. "What is the nature of the constitution of this State ? A. The constitution of this State is very simi- lar to that of North Carolina. The governor eione, is the executive officer; a lieutenant gov- •^rnor is also elected, but he has no power unloss »he office of Governor becomes vacant. GEORGIA. . Q. What may be said of the legislature oi fhis State? A. The mei?ibers of the senate and house an? elected from the counties^ according to the whito population, and adding thereto, two-6fths of th-e people of en] 0.1 108 GENERAL QUESTIONS ON THE Q. What are the qualifications of representa- feives and senators ? A. Representatives must be 21 years of age, 7 years a eitizen of the United States, 3 of the State of Georgia, and possess a freehold of $200 or taxable property worth $500; Senators mua be 25 years of age, 9 years citizens of the United States, and possess a freehold of $500, or $2,000 worth of taxable property. Q. What are the qualifications of the governor? A. He must be 30 years of age, and a free- holder of 600 acres of land, or other property tc the amount of $4,000. Q. How are the judges chosen ? A. They are elected by the legislature for > term of three years. Q. What is said of the right of suffrage ? A. This right extends to all white male citi zens of 21 years and upwards, who pay taxes KENTUCKY. Q. How is the legislature divided V A. Into two houses, styled the General As temhly of the Gommonweath of Kentucky. Q. Who are the executive officers ? A. The governor and lieutenant governor, tb atter of whom is president of the senate. Q. What is said of the judiciary? A. The judiciary is the same as in Massachu setts. Q. To whom does the right of suffrage extend. A. This right extends to all white male cjtj zens of legal ago CONSTITUTIONS OP TUB STATES. 109 Q. What State has a constitution similar to Kentucky? A. Tennessee ; only the judges are elected by the legislature. OHIO. Q In what is the legislative authority of thi i&tQ vested ? A. In a General Assembly, which consists of a BCD ate and house of representatives. Q. What are the necessary qualifications of a senator or representative ? A. A senator must be 35 years of age, two years within the county from which he is elected, and have paid a state or county tax. A repre- sentative must be 25 years of age, a resident of thft county from which he is chosen, and have paiQ a state or county tax. Q. In whom is the executive power vested ? 1. In a governor, who must be 30 years of age. Q. What is said of the judiciary V A. The judiciary of this State is vested in a tupreme court and courts of common pleas, the fudges of which are elected by the legislature Q. What is said of the light of suffrage ? A. This right extends to all white male citi ens of legal age, who have paid a State o ounty tax. INDIANA. Q What is said of the legislature ? A. It is styled the General Assembly, the mtimbers of which are elected from the countietr 110 GENERAL QUESTIONS ON THB according to the number of white male innabl tants of twenty-one years of age. Q What are the qualifications of the governor^ A. He must be thirty years of age, and four years a resident of the State. Q. What is said of the judiciary ? A. The judiciary consists of a supreme court f three judges, and circuit courts of two judgcr* all the judges hold their office for seven yeats. Q. How are they appointed ? A. The judges of the supreme court are dp- pointed by the governor and senate ; those of the circuit courts are elected by the people. Q. What is said of the right of suffrage T A. It is the same as in Ohio. Q. What State has a constitution nearly the same as Indiana ? A.. Louisiana.* ■ MISSISSIPPI. Q Of what does the legislature consist ? A. It consists of a senate and house of repre- jentatives, styled the General Assembly. Q. What are the qualifications of the menibers? A. The senators must be twenty-six years of age, have resided in the State four years, and possess a freehold or other taxable property worth $1,000. The representatives must be twenty two years of age, have resided two years in ths State, and possess a freehold of $500. Q. What are the qualifications of governor ^ -1. T\e must be thirty years of age, a eitj^gp CONSTITUTIONS 0^ THE STATES. Ill twenty, a resident in the State five years, and have a freehold worth $2,000. Q. What is said of the judicial power ? A. The judicial power is vested in a court of ippeals, and superior courts, and circuit courts. Q. How are the judges appointed? A. The judges are elected by the people fo. A term of six years. Q. What may be observed of the right of suf- frage ? A. This right extends to all njale citizens of the age of 21 years and upwards, who have re- sided in the State one year, and six months in the county or city in which they intend to vote. Q. What States have constitutions similar tc Mississippi ? A. The States of Illinois, Arkansas, Michigan, A-labama, Missouri, and Texas. The govern- ment of the other States is similar to that of Ohio. Q. What States have abolished imprisonment X)rdebt? A. The States of New York, New Jersey, ^Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Ohio. Q. What persons are generally excluded fronr oting in the United States ? 4. Paupers, convicts, persons of insane mind Indians not taxed, and colored persons generally. f.S:cept xu some few States. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE In Conorbss, July 4th, 1778. HE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE TniRTEWr UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessarj' foj one people to dissolve tlie political bands vehich have connected them vi'ith another, and to assume among the powers of the eartlj the separate and equal station to which tlie laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions ofmaiv kind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal ; that tliey are endowed by their Creator with cer- tain inalienable rights ; tliat among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these riglits, govern- ments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed ; that whenever any form of government becomes destiuctive of tliese ends, It is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new government laying its fountiation on such principles, and organiising its power* ui such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safet) and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that government* long established should not be changed for li^ht and tiansiem causes ; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankinr the accommodation of large districts of people, unless tJiost pecrpit vtouKl relinquish tJie right of representation in the legicla tare — a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrant* only. He lias called together legislative bodies at places uniiKial, incomfoitable, and distant from the repository of iheir pnblic re fords, f'lr tlie sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with is measures. He has difisoIve,d representative houses repeatedly, for opposin with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the pr» vroteetiori, <«nil wagin;; w;u i ] Francis Lewis, . Z [ Lewis Morris, . . r Richard Stockton, . John Witherspooii, Francis Hoplunson, John Hart, Abraham Clarke, . C Robert Morris, . . , ' Benjamin Rush, . . Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, . . . George Clymer. . . Jamea Smith, . . . George Taylor, . . . Jamea Wilson, . George Ross, . . • C Casar Rodney, . . M < Geo'-ge Read, . . '- ( Tbomas McKean, Born. 1737 1729 1730 1714 1729 17a'> 1731 1744 1707 1727 1721 1732 1731 1736 1734 1716 1713 1726 1730 17-2i 1737 , 1714 1 1726 1733 1745 1706 1724 1739 1720 1716 1 742 1730 1730 1734 1734 Died. 1793 1795 17&5 1803 1803 1826 1814 1814 1785 1820 1793 1796 1811 1797 1821 1778 1803 1798 1781 1794 1791 1780 1794 1813 1790 1777 1813 1806 1781 1798 1780 1783 1798 1817 Native of Massachui-ettH, Massachusetts Maine. Ireland. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Rhode Island. lUiode Island. Massachusetts Connecticut. Connecticut. Connecticut New York. New York. England. New York. New Jersey. Scotland. Pennsylvania. New Jersey. New Jeisey. England. Pennsylvanfc. Massachusetts Pennsylvania. Pennsylvama. Ireland. Ireland. Scotland Delaware Delaware Maryland. Penn.sylvajH«. t). SIGNEES OF DECLARATION. State and Name. B C Sninuel Chase, . g I VViJIiam Paca, . . y 1 Thomas Stone, . ?, [ Charles Carroll, . I George Wythe, . Richard H. Lee, . Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, . Francis L. Lee, . . Carter Braxton, . 'J C William Hooper, < Joseph Hevves, . . IE, ( John Penn, .... K r Edward Rutledge, < I Thomas Heyward, I Thomas Lynch, . p" I Arthur Middleton, • C Burton Gwimtet, . H < L3rman Hall, . . . i George Waitctn, . Bom. Died. Age 1741 1740 1743 1737 1726 1132 1743 1736 1TO8 1734 1736 1742 1730 1741 1749 1746 1749 1743 1732 1721 1740 1811 1799 1787 1833 1800 1794 1896 1791 1789 1797 1797 1790 1779 1788 1800 1809 1779 1788 1777 1784 1804 Native ot Maryland. Maryland. Maryland. Maryland. Virginia. Virginia. Virginia, Virginia. Virginia. Virginia. Virginia. Massachusettt New Jersey Virginia South Carolina South Carolina. South Carolina South Carolina England. Connecticm. Virgiaia. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE ''y tht Preeidenta and other Principal Offiewt of tke Unii^ iSVate*, since the adoption of the Coneiitntion. PRESIDENTS ypoRGK WASHiNotON, of Virginia, inaugurated .... < ITSk fohn Ailams, of Massachusetts, .1797 riiomas Jefferson, of Virginiaf ....1801 lames Madison, of Virginia, 1809 James Monroe, of Virginia, 1817 John Q,. Adams, of Massachusetts, 1823 Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, ISiiV Martin Van Buren, of New York, iS37 William Henry Harrison, of Ohio, 1841 John Tyler, of Virginia...... ..1841 James K. Polk, o*" Tennessee, 1845 Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana, 1849 Willard Filhuore, of New York, laW franklin Pierce, of Vew Hampshire, < . . < lt.63 VICE-rRESIDENTS. /•ihn Adams, of Massachusetts, *.....-•• I78a Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia 1797 Aaron Burr, of New York, .- 1801 Oeorge Clinton, of New York • 1805 Elbridge Gerrv, of Massachusetts, • 1819 Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York, 1817 John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, 1825 Martin Van Buren, of New York, 18,^3 Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, 1837 John Tyler, of Virginia, 1841 George M. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, 1845 Millard Fillmore, of New York, 184 William R, King, of Georgia, 185 SECRETARIES OF STATE rh;)ma3 Jefferson, of Virginia, appointed ..1783 3dm-und Randolph, of Virginia, 1794 rimothy Pickering, of Virgmia, 1795 lohn Marshall, of Virginia, 1800 lames Madison, of Virginia, .1801 Robert SmiOi, of Maryland, 18W 118 nilUONOLOGICAL TABLE. lames Monroe, of Virginia, iSli iolm Q,. Ailains, of Massachusetts, 1817 Henry Clay, of Kentiicity, 1821 Mariin Van Burcn, of New Yorlt, \SQ*i Edward Livingston, of Louisiana, 1831 Louis McLane, of Delaware, 1832 John Forsyth, of Georgia, 18iM Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts, 1841 Hugh S. Legarc, of South Caroluia, 184? Abel P. Upsher, of Virginia, 1842 John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, iS-l* James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania ..184^ John M. Clayton, of Detaware, 184!) Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts, IS-tO William L Marcy, of New York,*. !8.').5 SECRETARJES OF THE TREASURY. Aiexander Hamilton, of New York, 1785! Oliver Wolcoit, of Connecticut, ... ......1795 Samuel Dexter, of Massachusetts, 1800 Albert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania, 1803 George H. Campbell, of Tennessee, 1814 Alexander J. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, 1814 William H. Crawford, of Georgia, 1817 Richird Rush, of Pennsylvania 18-25 Samuel D. Ingham, of Penn.sylvania, latJ? Louis McLane, of Delaware, 1^3. William J. Duane, of Pennsylvania, 1833 R. B. Taney, of Maryland, 183J Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire, 183i Thomas Ewing, of Ohio, 1841 Walter Forward, of Pennsylvania, , 1841 John C. Spencer, of New York, 1843 Geo. M. Bibb, of Kentucky, 1 844 Robert J. Walker, of Mississippi, 184; William M. Meredith, of Pennsylvania, 18-18 Tliomas Corwin, of Ohio 18;)0 James Guthrie, of Kentucky, IS-^ SECRETARI8S OF WAR. Henry Knox, of Massachusetts, I7«8 Tjmotliy Pickering, of Massachusettfl, 1795 James McHenry, of Maryland, 1796 *>iamael Dexter, of Massachusetts, 180(i Roger G/isvvold, of Connecticut, 1 801 Henry Dearborn, of Massachusetts. 1801 William Uustis, of Massachusetts,. .' 1809 Jnhn Armyirong, of New York, 1«?3 'ai!'<-s Monroe, of Virgini.'i, I*^l< CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. I l9 IVllliam H. Crawford, of Georgia, 181S .saac Shelby, of Kentucky, 1816 ,'olui C. Calhoun, of Soutli Carolina, ISP James Barbour, of Virginia, 1825 Peter B. Porter, of New York, 1826 John Eaton, of Tennessee, 1829 Hugh L. VVliitc, of Tennessee, 1831 Lewis Cass, of Michigan, 1831 loel R. Poijisctt, of Soutli Carolina, 1837 Joliu Bell, of Tennessee, 1841 fohn C. S|)encer, of New York, I84L lames M. Porter, of Pennsylvania, 1848 William Wilkins, of Pennsylvania, 18-14 William L. Marcy, of New York 18-15 George W. Crawford, of Geoigia, 1849 Charles M. Conrad, of Louisiana, 1850 U'flerson Davis, of Mississippi, 1853 SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY. ^VoJe.— Tliis Department was eetablishal in 1796— previoa-s lo llinl period it waa ■ Uuiich of the Wax Depariment. George Cabot, of Massachusetts. 1798 Betijumin Stoddart, of Marylana, 1799 Robert Smith, of Maryland, 1802 Jacob Crowninshield, of Massachusetts 1805 Paul Hamilton, of North Carolina, 1809 William Jones, of Pennsylvania, 1812 Benjamui W. Crowninshield, of Massachusetts 1814 Smith Thompson, of New York, 1818 5amuel L. Southland, of New Jersey, 1822 /i)hn Branch, of North Carolina 1829 ^iCvi Woodbury, of New Hampshire 1831 riahlon Dickerson, of New Jersey, 1834 Barnes K. Paulding, of New !York, 183b Jeorge E. Badger, of North Carolina, 1841 Abel P. Upshur, of Virginia, 1841 Javid Henshaw, of Massachasetts, 1843 Thomas W. Gilmer, of Virginia, 1844 John Y. Mason, of Virginia, 1844 George Bancroft, of Massachusetts, 184& William Ballard Preston, of Virginia, 18411 William A. Graham, of North Carolina, 1850 James C. Dobbin, or Nortli Cara Una, 1853 SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR. riiomas Ewing, of Ohio, 849 Thomas M. T. McKennan, of Pennsylvania, 1850 Alexande*- H. H. Stewart, of Virginia, 1850 Robert McClelland, of Michigan 185a 120 CURONOLOOICaL tabll POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. Samuel Oswood, of Massachusetts, I7ifc Timothy Pickering, of Massachusetts, jTjH Joseph Habersham, of Georgia, IT95 Gideon Granger, of Connecticut, ISffi Return J. Meigs, of Ohio, 1814 John McLean, of Ohio, , I*i1 ilham T. Barry, of Kentucky, 'b'JS nios Kendall, of Kentucky, 1«3« fhn M. N lies, of Connecticut, !»-k FruJicis Granger, of New York, 1841 Charles A. Wickliffe, of Kentucky .1841 Cave jDhnson, of Tennessee, 1845 Jacob Collamer, of Vermont, 1W13 N. K. Hall, of New York, lur>ti lames Campbell, of Pennsylvania, lo&3 ATTORN'EYS-GENERAL. E Miw? i>ec. 26— Battle of Trenton. 177^ Jan. 2— Battle of Prmceton. Arrival of Lafayette. Aig. 16 — Battle of Bennington. fc.^pt. 11 — Battle of Brandvwine. 18 — Congress leaves ^Philadelphia. 19— Battle of Stillwater. 25 — Philadelphia occupied by the British Oct, 4 — Battle of Germantown. 12— Surrender of Burgoyne. 22— Battle of Redbank. Ncv. V> — Articles of Conlederation of the Dnitod 8t*to ratified. Dec. 11 —Washington retires to Valley Forge. ;T78 Treaty between France an4 the Uni*«d States. Jxuie 18 -The Dritish evacuate Philadelphia. OF AMERICAN lUSTORY 123 •778 Jane 28~Battle of Monmouth. (778 July — Arrival of the French fleet. (779 July 15— Storming of Stony Point. 19 — Storming of Paulus Hook. Sept. — Arrival of the French fleet at Savannah. 780 May 12 — Charleston capitulates. July 12 — British defeated at Williamson's PlantaUoa, Aug. 16 — Battle of Camden. Sept. — Arnold's treason at West Point. Oct. ? -Battle of King's Mountain, f 81 Jan. 17— Battle of Cowpens. March 15 — Battle of Guilford 8— Battle of Eutaw. Oct. 19 — Siege and surrender of Yorktown. T82 Feb. 27 — Gen. Conway makes a motion in the Parha- ment for discontinuing the American war. Wov. — Treaty of Peace between the United States and Great Britain signed. /783 April 19— Cessation of hostilities between the United States and Great Britain proclaimed. Dec. 4 — Washington takes teave of the officers of the army. Dec. 23 — Washington resigns his commission. <787 May — Convention meets at Philadelphia for framing the Federal Constitution. Sept. 17 — Constitution made public. J788 The new Constitution ratified. 1789 March 4 — Washington's Administration coromences. 1790 First Census of the United States taken : populatioc 3,929,326. 1791 The city of Washington laid out. Nov — l!)efeat of General St. Clair. 1791 Aug. 20 — General Wayne defeats the Indians on the Miami. 797 John Adams elected President, and Thomas JeflTeraCH Vice-President of the United States. March 4 — Commencement of John Adams' Adminis* tration. J 99 Dec. 14 — Death of General Washington. 800 Second Census of the U. States : population 5, 30^,485. Nov — Congress first sits at Washington. 1801 March 4— Commencement of Jefferson's Administra- tion. 1807 Dec — Erabarjjo Law passed. Burr's Conspiracy and Trial. (R'*« Harofc 4 — ^^'^ram^-ncementofMadisiou's AdministratiPiL t*24 CHRONOLOGICAL TA«mi 1809 Embargo Law repealed. ISll Nor. 7— Battle of Tippecanoe. 1812 June 18 — Wai declared against Great BritAin by tat United States. Jul J 12 — General Hull invades Canada. Aug. 19 — Guerriere, British frigate, taken by the Con stitution. Oct. 17 —British ship Frolic captured by Americai ship Wasp. Oct. 25 — Macedonian frij^ate taken by the U. State?. Dec. 29 — Java, British frigate, taken by the Coneti tution. IS13 Jan. 13 — General Winchester surprised and defeated March 4 — James Madison inaugurated President. May 27 — Fort George taken by the American troops. 29 — British defeated in an attempt on Sackett' Harbor. June 1 — Chesapeake taken by the Shannon. Sept. 4 — British brig Boxer taken by the United Statei brig Enterprize. 10 — British squadi'on on Lake Erie taken by tht Americans. Oct. 5 — British defeated bv General Harrison. 1814 Feb. 23— Mission to Gottenburg. Mar. 20 — Frigate Essex taken oy two British vessete April 21 — Umted States' ship Frolic taken. July 6 — Battle of Chippewa. 25— Battle of Bridgewater. Aug. 15 — Battle of Fort Erie. 24 — Battle of Bladensburg, Wasliingtou taken; the Capitol and otner public building burned by the British. Sept. 11— British squadron on Lake Champlain cap tured by the American squadron undw Commodore McDonough. Defeat of th» British at Plattsburg. 24 — Treaty of Peace si^iea at Ghent. 815 Jan. 8 — Signal defeat of the British, by Gen. .IAck^K^lO Feb. 17 — Treaty of peace ratified. Feb. 20 — War declared against the Algeriuos. May — Commodore Decatur sails to Algiers. June IS — An Algerine frigate of 44 guns, captured b^ the Guerriere. Aug. — Treaty of peace with the Dey of Algiers. 1816 April- The National Bank established by Congrear with a capital of thirty-five millions. . OF AMERICAN HISTORY, , 125 1817 March 4 — James Monroe inaugurated President. 1818 War with the Seminole Indians commenced. April — The Seminoles defeated by Gen. Jackson, May 28 — General Jackson takes Pensacola. Nov. — Pensacola restored to the Spaniards. 1820 Population of the United States, 9,625,734. American Colonization Society sent out their first colonists to Liberia. 1C24 The Marquis de Lafayette visited the United States 1825 March 4 — John Quincy Adams inausrurated. 1826 July 4— The Ex-Presidents John Adams undThos. Jefferson died. 1829 March 4 — Andrew Jackson inaugurated President. 1830 Population of the United States, 12,866,020. 1832 The United States visited with the cholera. 1833 Andrew Jackson commences his second term. 1837 Michigan admitted into the Union. March 4 — Van Buren inaugurated. Dec. 31— Gen. Clinch's battle of the Withlacoocheo 1838 Canadians revolt, and are aided by the Americans. 1841 March 4 — Wm. H. Harrison inaugurated. April 4— Death of President Harrison. 1845 March 4 — James K. Polk inaugurated. June 8 — General Jackson dies. Dec. 29 — Texas admitted into the Union. 184G May 3 — Hostilities commenced between Mexico and the United States. Battle of Palo Alto. 1847 Feb. 23— Battle of Buena Vista. March 26 — Vera Cruz surrenders to General Scott. Sept. 15 — The city of Mexico surrenders. 1848 John Q. Adams dies in the House of Congress. Feb. 2 — A treaty of peace concluded at Guada- loupe Hidalgo, between the U. States and Mexico 1849 March 4— General Zachary Taylor inaugurated. June 15 — Ex-President Polk died. 1850 March 31— Death of John C. Calhoun. July 9 — Death of President Zachary Taylor. Millard Fillmore becomes President. California admitted into the Union. Population of the United States, 23,267,498. iSS3 Franklin Pierce inaugurated. William R. King, Vice-President, dies. H 33 89 ^1 V: HECKMAN BINDERY INC. |§ ^ APR 89 N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA 46962