i 
 
 
 n 
 
V 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY OF THE TOWN 
 
 OF 
 
 ilrtua vft upon ®vtut f 
 
 In the County of Nottingham, 
 
 COMPRISING 
 AN ACCOUNT OF ITS ANTIQUITIES, 
 EDIFICES, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, CHARITIES, 
 CHARTERS, ETC. 
 
 By RICHARD PHILLIPS SHILTON. 
 
 PART \ 
 
 *SH 
 
 NEWARK. 
 Printed and sold by S, and J. Ridge; 
 
 SOLD ALSO BY 
 
 S. RIDGE, GRANTHAM ; AND BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOV, 
 
 PATERNOSTER-ROW, LONDON. 
 
 1820. 
 

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TO THE 
 
 WORSHIPFUL THE MAYOR, 
 
 THE ALDERMEN, 
 AND INHABITANTS IN GENERAL, 
 
 OF THE 
 BOROUGH OF NEWARK, 
 
 THIS WORK, 
 
 WITH DUE RESPECT, IS INSCRIBED, 
 
 BY 
 
 THE COMPILER. 
 
TO 
 
 THE PUBLIC 
 
 As amongst the numerous excuses which 
 have, at various periods, been pleaded for the 
 writing of a book, 1 cannot discover any one 
 that exactly suits my case, not any one must, 
 by me, be adopted. Every man has his motive 
 and, in course, I had mine. 
 
 I might be foolish enough, gravely to 
 tell my readers (should it happen that I have 
 any) a neat Pocket Edition is far more portable 
 than a cumbrous quarto — well — what would 
 
 be the consequence a smile of contempt, 
 
 and, "We did not stand in need of such 
 information/' therefore, I will not do this. 
 
 I might be impudent enough to say, the 
 greatest pains have been taken in examining 
 
VI TO THE PUBLIC. 
 
 the very best authorities and particular caution 
 used in making extracts therefrom, this would 
 be arrogance. The authors consulted, have, 
 in general been given; it is the province of the 
 Public to determine upon their respective 
 merits, for which reason, I dare not do that. 
 
 With the utmost deference, therefore, I 
 submit the following pages to that Public,, 
 relying in full confidence on its established 
 character for candour and generosity in 
 discrimination* 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 OF PART I. 
 
 mn rxwi 
 
 General History of the Town, .page 9 
 
 Castle, 33 
 
 State of Newark at the commencement 
 
 of the Civil War, in 1642, 55 
 
 Siege the First, 58 
 
 Siege the Second, 64 
 
 Siege the Third, » 80 
 
 Particular Enterprises of the Newarkers, 93 
 
 ■Siege the Fourth, 103 
 
 List of Nohlemen and Gentlemen killed in 
 his Majesty's Service, in or near 
 
 Newark, 119 
 
 Royal Letters, Documents, &;c 122 
 
 Present State of the Castle, 165 
 
 Crateivays, 171 
 
 Church, 1^6 
 
 Knight Templars' Hospital, , 249 
 
Vlll CONTENTS OF PART I. 
 
 Friary, page 250 
 
 Observant Friars, or the Chauntry, .... 251 
 
 Intended Convent, 253 
 
 Beaumond Cross, o ..... . 254 
 
 St. Leonard's Hospital, 263 
 
 Free School, 274 
 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 Bordars, p. 23- Bordars were the immediate servants of 
 the Lord, managing the bord lands, or 
 those retained in the Lord's hands for 
 the maintenance of their board or table. 
 
 Bovate, p. 23. A Bovate of land was as much as an Ox 
 could till in a year, the quantity in 
 each differed very materially, according 
 to the strength or lightness of the soil. 
 
 Carucat, p. 23. A Carucat was as much land as might be 
 tilled in a y tar by one plough. 
 
 Dane- geld, p. 23. A tax levied by Ethelred, and given to 
 the Danes by our Saxon ancestors, to 
 purchase peace, and a departure from 
 the Island. 
 
 Obit, p, 290. A solemn office for the dead, performed 
 annually. 
 
 Paris Garden, p. 46. The house of Richard de Paris, 
 which Richard III. proclaimed a recep- 
 tacle of Butcher's Garbage, afterwards 
 the Bear Garden. (Bailey.) 
 
 Sithence, p. 139. Since. 
 
 Villains, p. 23. Villains were tenants who held small por- 
 tions of land, on the condition of per- 
 forming certain corporal services for the 
 use of the Lord, these were answerable 
 to the present cottagers. A pure Villain, 
 was one whom the Lord might put out 
 of his lands, tenements, goods and chat- 
 tels, at pleasure, and also might take 
 redemption of, to marry his daughter. 
 
 Wapentac, p. 20. A hundred, or divison of a county -, so 
 called, from the inhabitants giving up 
 their arms in token of fealty. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 Page 23, Note, for Warenna's read TVarrenne's. 
 24, line 18, for ducussion, read discussion, 
 
 56, line 20, for vaccilated, read vacilated. 
 
 67 , line 13, for Amunition, read Ammunition 
 
 > ■ 93, line 7, for m/#s, read were, 
 
 116, line 18, for was, read were, 
 
 156, line 16, for Price, read Prince, 
 
 ■ 168, line 24, for harased, read harassed* 
 
 172, line 11, dele but. 
 
 177, line 16, after Church, a comma only 
 
 178, line 17, after Edward III. omit the semicolon. 
 
 261, line 20, for that read the. 
 
 272, line 9, for 5. T. B read S. T. P. 
 
 275 , bottom line, henenef actor, read benefactor, 
 
 287, line 10, for Moeity, read Moiety. 
 
 3 90, Note, for seem, read seems. 
 ■ •■ 1 49, line 6, for Residence, read Residences. 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY OF THE TOWN 
 
 OF 
 
 NEWARK UPON TRENT 
 
 IN order to avoid that species of cavil, of 
 all cavils the most insipid and irksome, name- 
 ly, the rusty cavil of the mole-beamed anti- 
 quary, let it be admitted, for not any human 
 being can disprove it, that the present town 
 of Newark is situated on the space once 
 occupied by the city Eltavona, Eltabora, 
 EltavorL or Eltahoni of Roman memory. 
 That the Fosse-way, one of the military roads 
 of that people lies in the direction of, or passes 
 through this town, and that those bubble hunt* 
 
10 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 
 
 ing interlopers, had regular stations on those 
 roads is beyond contradiction. One of these 
 stations might be fixed at, or near this place ; 
 yet, as nothing but the mere name of Eltavo- 
 na, and that, very confusedly, is transmitted 
 to us, as not one occurrence either of splendor 
 or degradation concerning it, is even upon 
 tradition ; could any place be pitched upon, 
 with certainty, where the horse of Agricola 
 cast a shoe, that spot would boast a far better 
 title to veneration than most of the dubious 
 objects enveloped, as they are, by the mists of 
 obscurity. 
 
 Modern writers have endeavoured to estab- 
 lish the hypothesis, that Newark has arisen 
 out of the ruins of the ancient Sidnacester of 
 the Saxons, by an analyzation of its present 
 name they say New- ark is an abbreviation of 
 New-work* that is, something recent, in con- 
 tradistinction to some older erection ; this is 
 plausible enough, if contradistinction were 
 always pertinent ; but, unluckily for the posi- 
 
 * Wark in the northen dialect, still signifies work. 
 
HISTORY OF NEWARK. 11 
 
 tion, this place is now known by the name of 
 Newark upon Trent, to distinguish it from — ■ 
 what other Newark ? — none — that it could 
 ever possibly be mistaken for. Burton upon 
 Trent, Sutton upon Trent, Stoke upon Trent, 
 and many such like compoundly appellated 
 towns are correctly apposite, there being so 
 great a number of places, similarly denomina- 
 ted in the primitive ; it is therefore, perhaps, 
 not assuming too far to infer, that as one con- 
 tradistinction appears to be groundless, the 
 other rests not, on a much firmer foundation. 
 
 The super-addition of upon Trent seems 
 not to have prevailed, generally, till about the 
 time of Elizabeth, certain it is, that in the 
 reign of Edward the Confessor the title was 
 simply ^ctOCrft as appears by the grant of the 
 Countess Godiva, and similar ones in the time 
 of William the Norman, and King Henry the 
 second. Also in an ancient deed executed the 
 8th day of February, 1484, (2 R. III.) it is 
 merely stiled Nowrk. The distance of the 
 river Trent, as it now runs, is too great to 
 admit the claim, and if it were absolutely 
 
12 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 
 
 necessary that Newark should be honored 
 with an addition, in any wise probable, the 
 phrase, upon Devon ought, in honest modesty, 
 to have been adopted, as that humble stream 
 actually washed, as it still does, under the 
 name of the Cut, the foot of the Castle walls. 
 
 Pride is inherent in the human species, and 
 where it is not the agent of insult or ingrati- 
 tude, is both laudable and necessary ; but it 
 appears in this case to have been tinctured 
 with the latter; the Devon was useful in its 
 ivay, for turning the Mill which supplied the 
 inhabitants with food, but not thought suffi- 
 ciently respectable, as an accompaniment, 
 when a superior was in view. 
 
 It ought to be remarked, the inhabitants 
 have a tradition that the Trent formerly took 
 its course at no great distance from the town, 
 and there is still remaining occular demonstra- 
 tion, in what is called the Trent Dike, that a 
 current of some kind actually meandered 
 between the Devon and the present river at 
 Kelham; the following extracts are said ta 
 
HISTORY OF NEWARK. 13 
 
 have been made from a manuscript belonging 
 to a progenitor of the present family of Heron, 
 who for many years were resident in Newark. 
 
 " Anciently the river Trent passed near the 
 town of Newark, about three hundred and 
 forty Jive yards distant from the Castle, * and 
 opposite to it, where the bed of the old river 
 is very apparent, and is, to this day, called 
 the Old Trent. Where the main stream now 
 runs by Averham, Kelham and Muskham, was 
 a small brook, which not being sufficient for 
 the family of the Suttons, who formerly resided 
 at Averham, a cut was made from the Trent, 
 near Farndon, to the brook, which gave a turn 
 to the whole current, probably aided by the 
 obstruction which the mills at Newark must 
 be supposed to occasion; it then forced its way 
 and formed that channel which is now seen. 
 There were carriage bridges over the brook 
 at Kelham and Muskham, maintained by the 
 respective owners of those estates, and they 
 
 * On admeasurement, this is found to be the distance to, 
 what is now called, the Old Trent Dike, 
 
14 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 
 
 were obliged to build bridges over the new 
 and extended river ; a heavy, but unavoidable 
 burden." 
 
 " An attempt was made by Sutton, of 
 Averham, to throw this burden, as to the 
 bridge at Kelham, upon the Bishop of Lincoln, 
 A prosecution was instituted against the 
 Bishop, which was tried in the court of king's 
 bench, at York. It happened, in evidence, 
 that the Bishop, riding out towards Kelham, 
 and observing workmen repairing the bridge, 
 considered it as a great hardship on private 
 property, and gave thirty shillings, in alms, 
 towards the work. This was the basis of the 
 suit, the cause was dismissed sine die." 
 
 " The bridge at Kelham being in decay, 
 and the owners of the estate refusing to repair 
 it, a prosecution was instituted at the suit of 
 the inhabitants of the county, who being par- 
 ties, the cause was tried at Leicester assizes, 
 by a special jury, who determined that the 
 proprietor of the estate at Kelham was liable 
 to support the bridge, and it has, ever since, 
 
HISTORY OF NEWARK. 15 
 
 been supported by the owners of that estate. 
 This controversy, I believe, was in the time 
 of Charles the second. I have, formerly, seen 
 papers respecting these suits/' 
 
 u The turning the course of the river, in- 
 volved the family at Averham in a suit with 
 the miller and inhabitants of Newark, and 
 by a decree, (or subsequent proceedings in 
 the time of Queen Elizabeth on former suits, 
 as I apprehend) the owners of Averham were 
 obliged to build a weir of certain strength and 
 dimensions across part of the new T river, near 
 Farndon, and for ever maintain the same, to 
 throw some share of the water into the New- 
 ark branch ; which weir is called the Upper 
 Weir. The Newark Mills were a part of the 
 estate of the manor, and the inhabitants were 
 compellable to grind at the Lord's mill. 1 
 have seen old proceedings, in one or more 
 law suits, brought in support of this right/' 
 
 " The river, which at this day runs under 
 the walls of the Castle, improperly called the 
 Trent , is the Snyte or Devon. The Snyte 
 
16 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 
 
 (now called Smite) takes its rise at a spring 
 called Holwell Mouth, in the lordship of Hol- 
 well, in Leicestershire, near the high road 
 from Leicester to the Vale of Belvoir. The 
 river Devon takes its rise above Belvoir Cas- 
 tle. The Snyte is the broader river, the Devon 
 is a more certain current; the Snyte being 
 sometimes, in summer, nearly dry. These 
 two rivers unite at a point adjoining the lord- 
 ships of Shelton, Cotham, and Flawborough, 
 in Nottinghamshire, about half a mile above 
 a bridge, over the Devon, called Wensaw, or 
 Winsaw Bridge. At the conflux, the Snyte 
 loses its name in that of the Devon, From 
 Markham Bridge the Devon divides the pa- 
 rishes of Newark and Farndon, where, at a 
 small distance, meeting the branch of the 
 Trent, from the upper weir near Farndon, 
 they take their course in the old bed of the 
 Devon, by the side of the town of Newark, 
 and under the walls of the castle; till they 
 meet the main stream of the Trent below 
 Newark, at a point in the Island called the 
 CrankleySj where the conflux forms a very 
 fine reach ." 
 
HISTORY OF NEWARK. 1/ 
 
 u The notion of the people of Newark, that 
 the course of the river was turned by the be- 
 siegers, is most extremely erroneous ; an event 
 of such magnitude, and of such consequence 
 to the town of Newark, must have been bet- 
 ter understood, and the extraordinary circum- 
 stances necessarily attending it, by the inha- 
 bitants of the last ages* than is, in the least 
 pretended. The main current having been 
 turned, rendered it more practicable for the 
 besiegers to dam the channel that remained; 
 and it appears by a drawing made by the prin- 
 cipal engineer of the rebels, that such a dam 
 was made by General Pointz ; from whence, 
 it is probable, the story of the course of the 
 river being turned, took its rise; the same 
 drawing shews that the main river then ran, 
 as at present, by the villages ; and that the 
 dam was in the Newark branch, below the 
 upper weir. The dam, probably, served as a 
 bridge of communication from his quarters at 
 Farndon, to the Scot's quarters in the Island, 
 as well as to distress the garrison." 
 
 *This expression points out, nearly, the date of the M. S. 
 
18 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 
 
 The very feeble attempt made by Doctor 
 Stukely, the celebrated antiquarian, although 
 he was well acquainted with Newark, to 
 controvert this opinion concerning the Old 
 Trent, is not worthy of quotation ; as the de- 
 terminations of the suits, at different periods, 
 are fully sufficient to establish it: setting 
 aside these considerations, had the original 
 channel borne the present width, it would not 
 have been surmounted by a timber bridge; 
 but there being one already over the brook, 
 composed of that article, the old materials 
 were a strong temptation to construct another 
 of the same kind over the extended stream.* 
 
 In the year 1772, an act of Parliament was 
 obtained, for rendering navigable the stream 
 
 * If weightier proofs were necessary, it is observable, 
 that in time of flood, a far stronger current sets down the 
 Island, not far from where the old stream is stated to have 
 taken its course, than at Kelham, as though the river ha- 
 ving thrown off all restraint, were seeking its original bed. 
 Which way soever, the question concerning the old channel 
 may turn, is probably not material at this day ; but one 
 point has been clearly demonstrated, namely, that the town, 
 did not anciently, bear the title of Newark upon Trent, 
 
HISTORY OF NEWARK. 19 
 
 of the Devon, but there stiled a branch of the 
 Trent, which passed on the western side of 
 the Castle ; the present Cut was then formed, 
 and in the progress of its execution, many of 
 the cannon balls which had been used in the 
 different sieges, were digged out with the soil 
 of the river. 
 
 From the termination of the civil wars be- 
 tween Charles and his Parliament, there had 
 been a wooden bridge, very meanly construct- 
 ed, over the Devon, a little below the Castle. 
 The keeping of this bridge in repair, was an 
 expense annexed to the lease of the crown lands 
 lying in the borough, ivhich had many years 
 been in possession of the Duke of Newcastle. 
 In the year 1775, his Grace was advised to 
 take dow T n the old ruinous structure, and erect 
 one of more durable materials; accordingly the 
 present one was built of brick, and faced with 
 stone. The demand of toll, for the passage of 
 Carriages and Cattle of certain descriptions is 
 said, by some, not to be very well founded : 
 but perhaps, in this case, the adage is veri- 
 fied, " What is every body's business, is no- 
 body's/' 
 
20 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 
 
 At what period, or at whose expense the 
 place was surrounded by a wall is equally 
 uncertain. During the Saxon Heptarchy, 
 which closed in the year 828, it constituted a 
 part of the kingdom of Mercia, and was, doubt- 
 less, at that time of minor consideration, not 
 being enumerated amongst the fifteen Cities 
 of that division of the Island,* but it is certain, 
 in the time of Alfred, (about 900) Newark 
 must have attained to some consequence, being 
 then deemed worthy of giving name to the 
 WapentaC) which is now stiled Newark 
 Hundred. 
 
 In the time of Edward the Confessor, 
 (between 1041 and 1065,) the manor of New- 
 ark w 7 as the fee of Leofric the great Earl of 
 Mercia, and, according to the Monasticon, 
 was by "him and his pious lady Godiva>f 
 
 * Those were Lincoln, . Nottingham, Warwick, 
 Coventry,, Lichfield, Northampton, Worcester, Gloucester, 
 Derby, Chester, Shrewsbury, Stafford, Oxford, and Bristol. 
 
 f She was sister of Therald de Burgenshall, Sheriff of 
 Lincolnshire. This lady is famous in the annals of Coventry 
 
HISTORY OF NEWARK. 21 
 
 given, with jffarfjtttrf) in this county, (now 
 fhbfiOtOUglj,) to the Monastery of £tOfcO 
 
 from the following incident. Leofric, her husband about 
 the year 1040, having loaded the inhabitants of that City 
 with very heavy taxes ; in revenge, for some provocation 
 they had given him, and being pressingly importuned by 
 Godiva to remit them, after repeated solicitation, proposed 
 an acquiescence to her suit, on the following condition, 
 which from the long tried delicacy of his wife he deemed 
 utterly impossible to be acceded to, namely that she should, 
 in open day light, ride through all the principal streets of 
 the city in a state of nudity. Godiva, who appears to have 
 been actually a good woman, was at first startled at the 
 idea of committing so gross an outrage upon feminine 
 decency, but the quickness of her sex, which seldom fails 
 in a dilemma, suggested an evasory relief, she accordingly 
 closed with the proposal in its strict letter, but at the same 
 time hinted, that the inhabitants might be restrained from 
 viewing her. Leofric, charmed with her sensibility, de- 
 clared himself highly gratified in being so delicately out- 
 witted, and issued a prohibitory proclamation to that pur- 
 pose, on pain of death to its violator. Godiva, being for- 
 tunately possessed of a profusely flowing head of hair, 
 disposed her luxuriant tresses in so admirable a manner, 
 that she effected the emancipation w iihout a shock to her 
 self. Thus «far, history, and the rudeness of the age, bear 
 out the fact. But tradition here mounts her hobby, and 
 relates, that a tailor, whom she calls Tom irresistibly urged 
 by the primeval curiosity of his original grandam, fancied 
 he could slilv steal one single peep (Vom a snugly perched 
 
22 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 
 
 near 3tiltC0lne* The king, with his queen 
 
 and nobles, was present at, and consenting to 
 
 the agreement made between the said earl 
 
 and countess, and the Bishop Wulwi, that 
 
 they should have Priests there, and altogether 
 
 the same service which was at St. Paul's, 
 
 JlOttilOn; and, that the lands they should 
 
 give, should be for the food and raiment of the 
 
 brethren (or Friars) there. And that the 
 
 Bishop might have for his table, all those 
 
 things which Etheric the Bishop and Ednoth 
 
 had, before him, of those things, by right, 
 
 window, when lo, in the very act of voluptuousness, he was 
 stricken blind by lightning. A description of the whole 
 scene, has ever since, (excepting" the cessation of a few 
 years, some time back, when gatherings together of the 
 people, on such occasions, were not deemed expedient, to 
 the present year, when it was revived,) been annually 
 commemorated, by substituting a courtezan arrayed in flesh 
 coloured fine linen, fitting very closely, for the pious Godiva, 
 and a ludicrously painted image of the taylor, peeping Tom, 
 as they say, at the very window, in the attitude of ogling. 
 The procession, which is held on Trinity Friday and called 
 the great show fair, is extremely splendid, all the members 
 of the different guilds, attending the mock lady, in their 
 several habiliments and displaying the ancient insignia of 
 their different professions. 
 
HISTORY OF NEWARK. 23 
 
 belonging to his Bishoprick, to wit, two parts 
 of all things coming to the Monastery, and the 
 Priests the third/' 
 
 The general survey of William the bastard,* 
 called Doomsday Book shews " that Godiva 
 the countess paid the Dane-geld for her manor 
 of IJ^CttJCtftC, with the two Bereus or hamlets 
 
 of 25atoettune and jfarentmne, as seven 
 
 Carucats and two Bovats of land. Yet, the 
 land of it in her own time, in King Edivard 
 the Confessor's survey, was returned twenty- 
 six Carucats. There, after the invasion, 
 Bishop Remigius, of HiUCOllI, had in demesne 
 seven Carucats and fifty-six Burgesses, forty- 
 two Villains, or Bordars, having twenty 
 Carucats (or plow lands) and a half. There 
 were ten Churches and eight Priests, having 
 
 * Should this expression seem coarse to the delicate ear 
 of modern refinement, be it remembered, it is in the style 
 of all our most ancient historians; and that the epithet was 
 familiar, and not in anywise derogatory , as applicable to 
 that person. — Vide Earl Warrenna's speech to the Commis- 
 sioners of Edw. I. A> D. 1276, as quoted by Hume. Also* 
 5ii Richard Baker, Will. I. 
 
24 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 
 
 five Carucats. There were seven Freemen, 
 having five Carucats and a half. There was 
 one Mill 5s. Ad. and one Piscary y or fishery. 
 To I^Ctoatlte lay all the customs of the king, 
 and earl of the Wapentac. In King Edward 
 the Confessor's time, the rent of it was ^£50.; 
 in the latter part of the invader's but ^34. 
 It had &U in 23aI&Crtitne t Balderton; 
 
 tifjeltntone, mMngtan; ^cireaton, Syers- 
 
 ton, €UlCj5t0ne, Elston ; £tCrfje& Stoke; 
 I^OltOn, Hawton ; CottnjtOlie, Coddington ; 
 
 23amrijpe> Bamhy ; IBprnontljocpc, Win- 
 
 thorpe ; ^COtbrfep, Scarle; <&XZtQtl, Girton; 
 
 &paMotli, €otne$jap, Thomey ; 2©ig^ 
 
 pgfep, i^CCtireBpC, Hareby ; and €0tUltl, 
 Cotham." 
 
 Much ducussion, has, at times, taken 
 place as to the number of churches said, 
 formerly, to have been in Newark. Some, 
 by a most niggardly interpretation, allotting 
 only ten churches to the whole hundred, con- 
 sisting of twenty-three towns, the latest wri- 
 ter on the subject hazards a new conjecture, 
 and supposes the word church to be used 
 
HISTORY OF NEWARK. 25 
 
 synonimously with altar. But Thoroton, who 
 was a sedulous copyist, not only gives, from 
 Doomsday, the number ten, but also the 
 Priests and their endowments, namely eight, 
 with five Carucats of land. The before 
 mentioned modern writer, somewhat dicta- 
 torially calls upon those who accede to this 
 statement " to support their opinion with 
 some proof that the place was much larger 
 then, than it is at present/' There does 
 not appear to be the least necessity for an 
 exertion of that description. The Carucat, 
 derived from Caruca, which in the old latin 
 signified a plough, differed, it is true, in 
 quantity according to the nature of the soil, 
 but it was, in every place as much as could be 
 managed, the year round, by one plough- 
 team. The precise quantity of sustenance, 
 absolutely requisite, to keep the body and soul 
 together, of an Anglo-Norman Priest, cannot 
 now be accurately ascertained ; but, if the 
 produce of as much arable as would require 
 five teams to cultivate it, were not quantum 
 snfficit for the maintenance of eight Priests 
 of the present day, there would be no great 
 
 c 
 
26 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 
 
 harm done, if they were put upon short allow- 
 ance. Moreover Southwell, which never 
 was much larger than at present, had five 
 distinct Chapels, those must have had their 
 officiating Priests, and though it be not upon 
 record what kind of remuneration was given 
 for their attendance, yet it may be taken for 
 granted, they, unless times be strangely altered, 
 would not work pro bono publico. Collingham 
 had tivo Churches, and only one Priest. The 
 conclusion to be drawn from these premises is 
 unavoidable, namely that there were formerly 
 ten Churches in Newark, and those not in 
 anywise, slenderly provided for. Newark 
 was anciently divided into the Borough of 
 Newark and Northgate. 
 
 Having, in some degree, cleared off the 
 aerugo, it may be necessary to take a slight 
 general survey of the town, in its present state, 
 and then proceed to particular subjects under 
 their respective heads, 
 
 Newark is situated on a very gentle ascent, 
 in a light gravelly soil ; the water extremely 
 
HISTORY OF NEWARK. 27 
 
 pure, the air, from the proximity of its fre- 
 quently inundated meadows, perhaps, not 
 wholly equal in salubrity with that of South- 
 well, yet, the general temperance of its inhabi- 
 tants acts as a powerful corrective of any nox- 
 ious principle which may be inhaled with it. 
 Newark is justly esteemed the pride of the 
 county, the cleanliness of its streets, the gene- 
 ral symmetry of its buildings, the regularity 
 of its Market-place, except one solitary obtru- 
 sion, and the elegant lightness of its spire, place 
 it out of the reach of neighbouring competi- 
 tion, Nottingham may be magnificently grand, 
 but Newark is peculiarly neat. 
 
 The town was first incorporated by Ed. 
 VI. a new charter was given by Charles I, and 
 the present one by Charles II. who granted it 
 the privilege of returning members to serve 
 in Parliament. This seeming act of genero- 
 sity, according to some historians, was per- 
 formed by the way of evincing his gratitude, 
 for the unshaken loyalty shewn by the inhabi- 
 tants to the cause of his father. But, though 
 perhaps at this period, it may not be discover- 
 ed 
 
28 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 
 
 able, yet there must have been some other 
 reason ; for Charles and gratitude, were per- 
 fectly strangers, excepting by hearsay. The 
 government of the town is vested in a Mayor 
 and twelve Aldermen. 
 
 The island formed by the disjunction of 
 the two streams, is excellent pasture land, 
 and, in the summer season, affords recreation 
 equally beautiful and healthy. Until about 
 the year 1770, access to Newark from the 
 north, was, by reason of the overflowing of 
 the rivers, nearly impracticable.* At that 
 period, a publican, of the name of Joseph 
 Wright, who kept the King's Head, a house 
 noted for good ale, in a thoroughfare, where- 
 on part of the Town Hall now stands, it is 
 said, suggested the idea of forming an elevated 
 road, interspersed with arches ; this was ac- 
 cordingly accomplished under the auspices of 
 Mr, Simpson, at the expense of £ 12,000, 
 
 * At those times a boat was used, at an exorbitant 
 late, from Newark to Muskham: five guineas having, 
 frequently, been paid for conveying a carriage and the 
 passengers. 
 
HISTORY OF NEWARK, 29 
 
 which now bids defiance to the highest floods. 
 Were the inhabitants of Newark to erect a 
 statue to the memory of this knight of the 
 spigot, they would not be paying him an over- 
 strained compliment 
 
 The trade upon the water is very consi- 
 derable, a great number of boats being em- 
 ployed, carrying from 36 to 44 tons each. 
 The principal articles of importation are tim- 
 ber, corn and coal ; the exports are chiefly 
 malt, flour and prepared plaster for flooring. 
 
 Newark lies upon the great north road, 
 from London to York, the distance between 
 which two places is 197 miles; the celerity 
 and regularity with which the mail is con- 
 veyed, being admirable, its limited time 
 allows not more than twenty-seven hours. 
 Seven coaches pass daily through Newark 
 to and from London; and as it may, in a 
 future century, become a matter of curiosity 
 the particular enumeration perhaps will not 
 be irrelevant. 
 
30 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 
 
 UNION. down. up. 
 
 Kingston Arms, Market~ploi.ee , J. Lawton, 2 a.m. 9 p. m. 
 
 ROCKINGHAM. 
 Castle and Falcon, Beamond st. T. Gardner, 3 a.m. 5 p. m. 
 
 NELSON. 
 
 Hotel, Kirkgate, J. Gilstrap, 4 a.m. 5§ p. m. 
 
 HIGHFLYER. 
 
 Hotel, Kirkgate, J. Gilstrap, 4a.m. 5 p.m. 
 
 WELLINGTON. 
 
 Royal Mail Tavern, Beamond st. J '. Woolfit, 8 a.m. 11a. m. 
 
 EDINBURGH MAIL. 
 
 Hotel, Kirkgate, J. Gilstrap, 1p.m. 10 a. m. 
 
 GLASGOW MAI L. 
 Kingston Arms, Marketplace, J. Lawton, 1p.m. 9| a. m. 
 
 The Coaches for the cross roads are 
 
 NOTTINGHAM COACH. 
 From Hotel Kirkgate, J. Gilstrap, to Nottingham, 2 p.m. 
 returns 12J p. m. Sundays excepted. 
 LINCOLN COACH. 
 To Hotel, Kirkgate, J. Gilstrap, from Lincoln, 12J p. m. 
 on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, returns 2 p. m. 
 NOTTINGHAM ACCOMODATION. 
 From Robin Hood, Lombard street, T. Gamble, to Notting- 
 ham, 8 a. m. returns 7§ p. m. 
 LINCOLN ACCOMODATION. 
 From Castle and Falcon, Beamond street, T. Gardner, to 
 Lincoln, 6 a.m. on Tuesdays, Thurdays, and Saturdays, 
 returns the following days. 
 TALLY-HO. 
 From Castle and Falcon, Beamond street, T. Gardner, to 
 Manchester, 6 a.m. on Tuesdays, Thursdays, & Saturdays, 
 returns the following days. 
 
HISTORY OF NEWARK. 31 
 
 The market is holden on Wednesday, and 
 excellently supplied, especially with corn and 
 meat. There is also a Stock-market every 
 fortnight. There are six fairs annually, viz. — 
 Careing Fair. The Friday before Careing 
 Sunday,* which is the Sunday fortnight be- 
 fore Easter. — May 14, Whit-Tuesday, August 
 2, November 1, and Monday before the 11th 
 of December. 
 
 In the year 1804, a Cheese-market was 
 established, which has been hitherto very well 
 attended. It is holden annually on the Wed- 
 nesday before the 2d. of October. 
 
 Newark is situated 124 miles distant from 
 London, by Hatfield, and 120 by the way of 
 Ware ; 76 from York, 16 from Lincoln, 20 
 
 ♦The Sunday which precedes Palm Sunday, was formerly 
 called Careing Sunday, as rites peculiar to Good Friday wert 
 used on this day ; which was called Passion Sunday in the 
 Church of Rome, because they began to advert to the pas- 
 sion of Christ. 
 
32 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 
 
 from Sleaford, 14 from Grantham, 21 from 
 Nottingham, 14 from Tuxford, and 8 from 
 Southwell. 
 
 According to the census, taken in 1811, 
 Newark contained 1483 houses, and 7236 
 inhabitants. 
 
 The town of Newark, in common with 
 the generality of aquatic situations, has rapidly 
 increased within the space of the last century. 
 The canvas of commerce, filled by the gale of 
 prosperity, has poured into the lap of industry 
 its merited reward. And although Newark 
 may, perhaps, have lost somewhat of its for- 
 mer aristocratic grandeur ; yet the suavity of 
 the tradesman, the alertness of the artisan, 
 together with the busy hum of indefatigable 
 diligence, are more than ample remuneration, 
 for that, which may, by some, be thought to 
 be only an imaginary defect. 
 
83 
 
 THE CASTLE. 
 
 This celebrated fortress owes its origin to 
 Alexander bishop of Lincoln, who was conse- 
 crated in the year 1123, (23 H. I.). All the 
 historians of that age concur in extolling the 
 magnificence, hospitality and liberality of this 
 prelate. He was nephew to Roger, bishop of 
 Salisbury who built the three strong and 
 stately Castles of Devizes, Sherburn, and 
 Malmsbury, and whose turbulent disposition, 
 not unfrequently strewed the pillow of royalty 
 with thoms. The reigning monarch Stephen, 
 although a man of intrepid valour and conside- 
 rable prudence, nevertheless held the crown 
 by a precarious title. The haughty barons and 
 factious ecclesiastics were perpetually form- 
 ing conspiracies against him. The fashion 
 in those days, was to build a strong Castle, 
 
34 
 
 THE CASTLE. 
 
 arm the vassals, and upon the slightest either 
 supposed or actual injury, form a combination 
 and set regal authority at defiance. This 
 continued to be the case during the whole 
 time the dynasty of Plantagenet retained pos- 
 session. In the succeeding ones of Tudor, 
 their powers of mischief were somewhat re- 
 bated ; nevertheless, many of the strong holds 
 yet remained, which in the struggle between 
 Charles and the republicans, gave so much 
 trouble, that Cromwell on his gaining com- 
 plete ascendancy, ordered their dismantling, 
 denouncing them, and certainly with the 
 utmost truth, if reference be had to their 
 original foundation, as " nests for rebels."* 
 
 Previous to the year 1138, (3 Stephen) 
 Alexander built the Castle of Newark, not 
 scrupling to declare openly, at the time, 
 
 *In the time of Henry II, the reign succeeding the erec- 
 tion of Newark Castle, there were not fewer than 1115 
 fortresses of that description in England. William of New- 
 berry, a cotemporary writer says, " there were in England, 
 as many kings, or rather tyrants as lords of castles ; and 
 Matthew Paris, who wrote in 1259, styles them " very 
 nests of devils, and dens of thieves." 
 
THE CASTLE. 35 
 
 it was designed as much for the security as 
 the dignity of his church. He was soon made 
 sensible of his miscalculation on that head. 
 Nigel bishop of Ely another of Roger's ne- 
 phews, and consequently cousin to Alexander, 
 strove to outvie his uncle relative in pomp and 
 ostentation. When the three prelates came 
 to court their retinues were armed, and in 
 such numbers as rendered them rather suspi- 
 cious visitants. Stephen watched anxiously 
 for an opportunity to humble their insolence, 
 nor was one long wanting. In a general as- 
 sembly held at Oxford, the retainers of the 
 bishop of Salisbury, quarrelled with those of 
 Alan of Bretagne, Earl of Richmond, one of 
 whose knights was killed in the squabble, 
 and many wounded on both sides. Roger's 
 men had the advantage, being assisted by 
 those of his nephews Alexander and Nigel, and 
 also by the Chancellor's, who passed also for 
 Roger's nephew, though in fact he was his 
 natural son, by Maud of Ramesbury. 
 
 The King seized with avidity, this occasion 
 of humbling the insolence of the Triumvirate, 
 
36 THE CASTLE. 
 
 and immediately summoned them, together 
 with the Chancellor, to appear at court, and 
 answer for the conduct of their domestics. 
 The summons was just and legal; but the satis- 
 faction demanded by the King was, by some, 
 thought excessive. Not content with the 
 penalty enjoined by law in like cases, it was 
 insisted that the Bishops should deliver up all 
 their castles, as security for future allegiance. 
 Being taken unprepared, the holy family 
 requested thne to consider of the matter. Ste- 
 phen perfectly understood the intended const" 
 deration, and seized upon their persons. By 
 some means, Nigel made his escape, and re- 
 paired to his uncle's castle at Devizes. This 
 flight breaking off the negociation, the King, 
 in person, immediately laid siege to the Castle, 
 in which, together with his other valuables, 
 was Maud, the concubine. The place being 
 very strong, Stephen, who foresaw the diffi- 
 culty of the siege, determined to act with 
 decision. He ordered Roger the Bishop, un- 
 bound, and the Chancellor in fetters, with a 
 halter about his neck, to be led up close to the 
 wall, and sent word to Maud, unless she de- 
 
THE CASTLE. 37 
 
 livered up the Castle, the Chancellor, her son, 
 should immediately be hanged, nor should the 
 Bishop, her paramour, eat or drink till it was 
 surrendered. These threats produced the de- 
 sired effect, she delivered up the place ; the 
 nest was amply feathered, forty thousand 
 marks, in ready money, being found therein. 
 Roger's other fortresses soon shared the same 
 fate, Alexander was sent, a captive, to his own 
 Castle at Newark, and finally obliged to pur- 
 chase his liberty by giving up both that Castle, 
 and Sleaford. 
 
 DEATH OF KING JOHN. 
 
 The Castle continued in the hands of the 
 Crown, during the succeeding reigns of Henry 
 II,. Richard I, and John; towards the close of 
 whose sway, it was besieged by the Barons, 
 who were in rebellion against their sovereign, 
 under the command of Gilbert de Gaunt, 
 whom Louis, the Dauphin of France, had cre- 
 ated Earl of Lincoln. The garrison defended 
 themselves. with great bravery, and a rumour 
 being spread, that John was advancing to their 
 
38 
 
 THE CASTLE. 
 
 relief, the besiegers broke up, and thought it 
 prudent to retire. Shortly after, John did ac- 
 tually arrive, but it was in a dying condition, 
 having been harrassed from place to place, not 
 knowing whom to trust ; and being suspicious 
 of his nearest friends. For which reason he 
 carefully avoided fighting, and incessantly 
 marched by devious routes, to break the mea- 
 sures of his enemies. He thought himself 
 safest in the county of Norfolk, where he chose 
 the small town of Lynn to secure his treasures, 
 his crown, sceptre, and other things of value. 
 This place had expressed for him such affec- 
 tion and loyalty, that, as a mark of his grati- 
 tude, he granted it great privileges. Amongst 
 other things, he instituted a mayorality, and 
 presented the first mayor with his own sword, 
 which is still kept in the archives of that place 
 with great care. However as he found him- 
 self pressed by the Barons, and fearing his 
 treasures were not safe at Lynn, he resolved to 
 move into Lincolnshire. In crossing the marsh 
 which divides the counties of Norfolk and 
 Lincoln, having been erroneously informed of 
 the time of high water, the tide set in, he and 
 
THE CASTLE. 39 
 
 his retinue very narrowly escaped drowning; 
 with much difficulty they extricated them- 
 selves from the imminent peril with which 
 they were surrounded; but the baggage, 
 which contained the regalia of England, was 
 irretrievably buried in the waves. He arrived 
 that night at Swineshead Abbey, where he 
 lodged. His vexation for the loss, threw him 
 into a violent fever, which was heightened by 
 inconsiderately eating unripe peaches, and 
 drinking new ale. On the morrow, not being 
 able to ride, he was carried on a litter to Slea- 
 ford Castle, which was still in the hands of the 
 Crown, from whence, the next day, he pro- 
 ceeded to Newark, where finding his illness 
 increase, he made his Will, which appears to 
 have been done in great haste, and at his last 
 extremity. This instrument is without date, 
 and evidently unfinished, by the introduction 
 of the word Imprimis. The original is in latin, 
 of which the following is a translation. — 
 
 " I, John, King of England, Lord of Ire- 
 land, Duke of Normandy, and Aquitaine,. 
 Count of Anjou, being afflicted with a grievous 
 
40 THE CASTLE. 
 
 sickness, which having not sufficient strength 
 to bear, it behoveth me to provide for all mine, 
 by making my Will, concerning my affairs. I 
 commit the lawful administration and distri- 
 bution of my Will to the trust and direction of 
 my faithful counsellors, without whose advice, 
 even when in health, I would in no wise direct, 
 but particularly, at the present instant; and 
 that what they shall honestly direct and order 
 concerning my affairs, may be lawful and bind- 
 ing, as well in jnaking satisfaction to God and 
 Holy Church,for all indignities offered, dama- 
 ges sustained, and injuries brought upon it by 
 my means ; as in giving succour to the land 
 of Jerusalem, in procuring aid to my sons for 
 the purpose of seeking and maintaining their 
 inheritance, and in remunerating those who 
 have faithfully served us; in making distribu- 
 tion to the poor, and to religious houses for 
 the salvation of my soul. And I pray that he 
 who shall give advice and assistance in fulfil- 
 ling my Will, may possess the grace and favor 
 of God; but that he who shall disturb its ad- 
 ministration and order, may incur the curse 
 and indignation of Almighty God, of the bles*^ 
 
THE CASTLE. 41 
 
 ed Mary and of all the Saints. Imprimis, 
 therefore I will that my body shall be buried 
 in the church of Saint Mary and Wulstan of 
 Worcester. And I appoint as such adminis- 
 trators and distributors Lord G. by the grace 
 of God, titular Cardinal of the church of Saint 
 Martin, Legate of the holy church ; Lord 
 Peter, Bishop of Winchester; Lord Richard, 
 Bishop of Chichester; Lord Silvester, Bishop 
 of Worcester ; William Mareshall, Earl of 
 Pembroke; Robert, Earl of West Chester; 
 William, Earl Ferrars, W. Browne, Walter 
 de Lacey, John de Monemut, Savery de 
 Mai eon, Faulk de Brent. ; ' 
 
 The original is in the possession of the 
 Dean and Chapter of Worcester. 
 
 Rapin says, " The care of his salvation 
 employed his thoughts during the rest of his 
 sickness, which put an end to his days on the 
 18th of October, 1216, in the fifty-first year 
 of his age, after an unhappy reign of seventeen 
 years, seven months and ten days." Con- 
 sidering the acuteness and precipitancy of his 
 
 D 
 
42 THE CASTLE. 
 
 disease, the care that was taken of his salva- 
 tion, was, but in a small degree, an act of his 
 own, doubtless the whole round of monkish 
 mummeries was scrupulously and religiously 
 performed; and perhaps there may not be a 
 lack of charity in asserting, they were not 
 entirely devoid of that triumphant malice, 
 with which the sacred order was, more or less 
 infected in those days. John, in full health 
 and the actual possession of his faculties, des- 
 pised and hated, the whole body, from his 
 Holiness on the throne, down to the men- 
 dicant Friar at the cottage gate, nor, was he 
 hypocrite sufficient to suffer an opportunity to 
 escape him of evincing that contempt. It only 
 is the characteristic of great minds, to forbear, 
 the heaping of insult upon a fallen enemy. His 
 bowels were carried to Croxton Abbey, in 
 Staffordshire, and his remains interred in the 
 Cathedral at Worcester, with little ceremony. 
 His body was wrapped in a Monk's cowl, 
 which was accounted a preservative against 
 evil spirits. This extra caution spoke strong- 
 lv to character ! It was fashionable, in those 
 days to attribute the death of distinguished 
 
THE CASTLE. 43 
 
 characters, on either side the question, to 
 almost every other means than the ordinary 
 course of nature, Caxton relates, that the night 
 John was at Swineshead Abbey, it being in 
 discourse how cheap corn then was, the King 
 observed " He would ere long make it so dear, 
 that a penny loaf should be sold for a shilling." 
 At which a Monk, there present, took such 
 indignation, that he went and put the poison 
 of a toad into a cup of wine, and came and 
 drank to the King, which made him pledge 
 more readily. But finding himself very much 
 out of order upon it, he asked for the Monk, 
 and when it was told him he was dead, God 
 havq mercy upon me (said the King) / doubted 
 as much. The first part of the tale is not 
 improbable, for if it be brought to mind, the 
 humour John must necessarily have been in, on 
 the night of his arrival at Swineshead, such a 
 splenetic squib is not to be wondered at. But 
 as to a Monk sacrificing himself at the altar 
 of patriotism, and the poison of a toad, thev 
 are, indeed, out of the ordinary course 
 nature. 
 
 n2 
 
44 THE CASTLE. 
 
 Walter Hemingford, relates the tale a 
 different way. His edition states, that the 
 Abbot persuaded the Monk to poison the King, 
 because he would have lain with his sister; 
 and that he did it by a dish of pears, which 
 he poisoned all but three. On presentation 
 to the King, he was bid to taste them himself, 
 which he did, eating only the three he had 
 marked. That John, being a Plantagenet, 
 would have lain with the Abbot's sister, or 
 any other man's or woman's sister, there is 
 not the least doubt, but if it were so, the 
 attempt had scarcely been made on that even- 
 ing. The plain fact seems to have been, vexa- 
 tion, or his late immersion brought on a fever, 
 and intemperance a dysentery. Be it as it 
 may, the nation was happily rid of a murderer, 
 a tyrant, and as unprincipled a rascal as ever 
 disgraced a throne. 
 
 In consequence of a treaty of peace, be- 
 tween the Earl of Pembroke the Regent, in 
 1218, and the Dauphin Lewis, all the Castles 
 which the rebellious Barons had seized, were 
 to be restored to their former owners ; this, 
 
THE CASTLE. 45 
 
 as is ever the case amongst thieves, was not 
 at all relishing. Opposition attempted to 
 raise a front against authority ; Robert de 
 Gaugy, who had surprised Newark Castle, 
 was the only one who stood a siege, which 
 continued but eight days, when he submitted. 
 It seems to have been a mistake in Matthew 
 Paris, that the Castle and appendages were 
 restored to the See of Lincoln, as Hugh cle 
 Wells, who then filled the episcopal throne, 
 had been in arms on the part of the Barons. 
 
 The Castle still remained a royal fortress, 
 and in some instances, was used as a state pri- 
 son; for in the last year of the reign of Edward 
 III. (1377) according to Matthew Paris, Peter 
 de la Mare, Speaker of the House of Commons, 
 was held in confinement within its walls, at 
 the instigation of the Duke of Lancaster, the 
 King's uncle, whose ambitious views la Mare 
 saw through and exposed. But perhaps the 
 real cause of the Patriot's incarceration, was, 
 his having made very free with the acts and 
 deeds of the immaculate Alice Pierce, who was 
 at that time the favorite of Edward. 
 
46 THE CASTLE. 
 
 At what period, precisely, the Manor, Soc, 
 and Castle of Newark were repossessed by the 
 See of Lincoln, is not ascertained ; but in the 
 year 1547, (1 Ed, VI.) Henry Holbeach, alias 
 Rands, who had been one of the most servile 
 tools of the tyrant Henry VIII, was translated 
 to it, and as slaves, like spaniels, will answer 
 to any whistle, to prove his gratitude, he sur- 
 rendered in one day, all his ecclesiastical pos- 
 sessions into the hands of his new master, and 
 amongst the rest the Castle of Newark. 
 
 Peck, in his Desiderata Curiosa, Lib. 2, p< 
 18, states, under the head of Queen Elizabeth's 
 annual expense, civil and military, 1578. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 Constable of the Castle ; Fee, 6 13 4 
 
 Porter's Fee, 5 00 00 
 
 This seems but a shabby pittance when 
 compared with an item in the preceding co- 
 lumn of the same page, viz. — 
 
 ptrijs? <0ar&cm 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Keeper of the Queen's Beares ; Fee, .... 11 8 1 ob 
 Keeper of the Queen's Mastyfs ; Fee, .... 21 5 10 ob 
 
THE CASTLE. 4/ 
 
 Shewing, at a single glance, the compara- 
 tive excellence of Dogs, Bears, and Castles, 
 in the golden days of good Queen Bess. Some- 
 what derogatory, this, to the keeper of the 
 Key of the North, as Newark has often been 
 emphatically stiled. 
 
 The next royal visitor to the Castle, was 
 James I, who on the twenty-first day of April, 
 1602, arrived at Newark, in his way from 
 Scotland, to take possession of the throne, on 
 the decease of Elizabeth. During his stay he 
 was lodged in the Castle, and entertained by 
 the Corporation, who, amongst other tokens 
 of loyalty presented him with a gilt cup. 
 Newark had the honor of witnessing the first 
 manifestation of the exercise of that darling 
 prerogative, the abuse of which, ultimately, 
 brought his son to the scaffold, and ren- 
 dered his grandson a dependant fugitive. The 
 incident was thus. — A cut purse * (according 
 
 * In those days men wore their purses dangling" at their 
 girdles, breeches pockets not being invented ; in fact that 
 article of dress, in the present cut, was but in its infancy, 
 and held in particular abomination by the puritanical 
 monarch, vid. Basilicon Doron, Lib. 3. P. 83. 
 
48 
 
 THE CASTLE. 
 
 to Echard) being taken in the act of delin- 
 quency, James, by his divine authority, issued 
 a warrant for immediate execution, which, 
 without further process or delay, was duly 
 performed. 
 
 It is recorded in the modem history, 
 " that King James, when he arrived at 
 Newark, was received by the Corporation, 
 and addressed by the Alderman of that day, 
 Mr. John Twentyman in a long Latin speech, 
 with which his Majesty was so well satisfied, 
 that he conferred on the orator, the office of 
 purveyor of wax for the King's household, in 
 the counties of Nottingham, York, Lincoln, 
 and Derby. When the King was preparing 
 to leave the town, he commanded the Alder- 
 man to repeat his speech (which might be 
 supposed by the nature of its reward to have 
 been a candle light one). Upon asking him his 
 name, and being informed it was Twentyman, 
 the King replied somewhat sharply, " Then 
 by my saule mon, thou art a traitor; the 
 Twentymans pulled down the Red Kirk, in 
 Scotland/' Notwithstanding this, the learned 
 
THE CASTLE. « 
 
 Alderman's speech had made such an impres- 
 sion upon the discriminating monarch, that 
 he became a great favorite, and was always 
 near his royal person in the numerous hunting 
 excursions he made to Newstead Abbey, and 
 other places in the forest of Shirewood." 
 There appears to be some mistake, either in 
 the narrating this matter, or the list of Alder- 
 men, for William Parke stands as Alderman 
 at that period; but most probably the learned 
 assistant was appointed spokesman on the mo- 
 mentous occasion from his knowledge of latin, 
 which seems to have been peculiarly gratify- 
 ing to the pedantic James. 
 
 During the several sieges of this town, the 
 garrison of the Castle baffled every effort of 
 the enemy, but after Charles had surrendered 
 himself to the Scots at Southwell, it was, on 
 Thursday the eight day of May, 1646, by his 
 order, though still thought tenable for many 
 months, surrendered to the Covenanters. 
 
 Shortly after, this venerable fortress was 
 dismantled by orders from the parliament, 
 
50 
 
 THE CASTLE, 
 
 since which time it has gradually fallen into 
 its present state of dilapidation. Many vestiges 
 of its former stability greet the eye of the 
 traveller, and excite different sentiments, 
 according to the peculiar temperaments of 
 the observers. 
 
 DISCOVERY OF JOHN'S REMAINS, 
 
 Extracted from a respectable perodical 
 publication of the date of 1797- 
 
 Worcester, July 20th. 
 
 " In beginning the repairs of our Cathedral 
 on Monday last, (July 17,) the tomb which 
 stood in the nave, near the Chancel, to com- 
 memorate the interment of King John, was 
 proposed to be removed to a more convenient 
 place ; but, to the astonishment of the work- 
 men, a stone coffin was discovered at the 
 bottom, * level with the floor, which, on care- 
 fully examining it, was found to contain the 
 remains of the King. From the great length 
 
 * From whence this astonishment arose on finding a 
 coffin in a tomb, will be the subject of a subsequent page. 
 
THE CASTLE. 51 
 
 of time the body had been deposited, nothing 
 but conjectural ideas could be formed as to 
 the vestments, &c. Part of the robe was firm 
 in its texture, but of what colour could not be 
 ascertained. What was discovered of the body 
 appeared to be nearly in the same position as 
 the figure on the top of the tombstone, and, 
 from the length of the coffin, measured five 
 feet six inches and a half; part of a sword was 
 lying by his left side, which time had nearly 
 mouldered ; and the leather sheath was nearly 
 in the same state ; the most perfect part was 
 towards the bottom of the legs and feet, on 
 which appeared a kind of half boot. A quantity 
 of a sort of white paste lay in lumps on and 
 below the belly, which, it may be supposed, 
 had been poured into the body on the heart 
 and bowels being taken out j on breaking a 
 piece of the paste, it was mixed with the 
 skeletons of maggots and flies, of which vast 
 quantities lay on and about the body ; and on 
 the right cheek of the skull there was a sharp 
 point about half an inch long, and some grey 
 hairs appeared under part of the cap, which 
 had fitted the head very tight, and seemed to 
 
52 - THE CASTLE. 
 
 have been buckled under the chin, part of the 
 straps remaining; the robe had the appearance, 
 in some parts, of having been embroidered, 
 particularly on the right knee ; no bones of 
 the fingers were to be found. One point as- 
 certained is, that the body certainly was 
 deposited here, and not in the more eastern 
 part of the Church, as was supposed ; and the 
 extraordinary circumstance of there being no 
 memorandum or record of the place of inter- 
 ment in the archives of the Cathedral is now 
 obviated. It was observed by the masons 
 that the coffin was cut out of Higley stone ; 
 but there was no other top to it than two elm 
 boards, which were perfectly sound." 
 
 Further particulars from the same source 
 dated September 2, 1797- 
 
 "The account of the discovery of King 
 John's body, agrees, in the main, with that 
 just published by Mr. Green, the Worcester, 
 Antiquary. What is there called lumps of 
 white paste, on and below the belly, is there 
 said to be mortar, supposed to have fallen ii 
 
 
THE CASTLE. 53 
 
 when the body was removed from the Lady's 
 Chapel into the present situation, by one 
 Alchirche, a little before the dissolution, as 
 mentioned by Leland, in his Itinerary VIII. 
 129, The maggots were not found in the 
 mortar, but on and about the body. What is 
 here called a cap on the head, Mr. Green, 
 denominates a Monk's Cowl, in which, the 
 King desired to be buried as a passport through 
 purgatory. It may be imagined, in the per- 
 plexed state of that monarch's affairs at the 
 time of his death, there was no time to dress 
 his corpse in the same paraphernalia as his 
 successor, Henry III, was found ; and as Ed- 
 ward III, and others are represented on their 
 tombs, in imitation, probably, of the state of 
 the bodies within them. The skull did not 
 present the face upwards, but the back part, 
 and the upper jaw was fallen on the right arm; 
 all evident marks of a former removal/' 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE TOMB. 
 
 Sandford, in his Genealogy, says, " The 
 tomb, which is of grey marble, is placed be- 
 
54 THE CASTLE. 
 
 tween the choir and the high altar. The figure 
 of the King as big as the life, and the Bishops 
 St. Oswald and St. Wulstan, at his head in 
 little, with their censers in their hands, are 
 carved in stone, which seems to be as ancient 
 as the time of Henry III. but the altar stone on 
 which it is placed, is of a modem fabric. 
 There is no inscription." 
 
 Mr. Green, in his history of Worcester 
 states that " King John's body was conveyed 
 hither, from Newark, by the Earl of Pem- 
 broke. His effigy lies on the tomb, crowned, 
 whereon was written, " Johannes Ilea; Anglia" 
 which is now entirely defaced. In his right 
 hand is part of a sceptre, in his left, a sword 
 lying by him, whose point is received into the 
 mouth of a couchant Lion at his feet. This 
 figure is as large as life. On each side of him 
 are cumbent images of the Bishops St. Oswald 
 and St. Wulstan, censing him. This tomb is a 
 cenotaph." — Current traditionhawmg declared 
 the tomb to be empty, was the cause of the 
 before noticed astonishment in the workmen.. 
 
55 
 
 A BRIEF ACCOUNT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 STATE OF NEWARK, 
 
 AT THE 
 
 Commencement of the Civil War, between King Charles I, 
 
 AND HIS PARLIAMENT, IN 1642 . 
 
 >%^%< 
 
 The town of Newark was considered as a 
 most important pass from the south of England 
 to the north. Its strong Castle defended a 
 bridge over the river Devon, which ran at its 
 foot, and commanded, when garrisoned, the 
 river Trent, passing near the village of Kel- 
 ham. It was then encompassed by a strong 
 wall, three or four gates, a covered way, and 
 bastions for the mounting of cannon. The 
 inhabitants of the place had always been re- 
 markable for their attachment to the cause of 
 royalty ; and in this reign, suffered privations 
 for its support, which, perhaps, are not to be 
 paralleled in the annals of those tumultuous and 
 
56 STATE OF NEWARK, 1642. 
 
 critical times. They declared for his Majesty 
 in the very beginning of the civil war, carried 
 arms to a man ; and there were generally in 
 the place, nearly 4000 foot, and from 500 to 
 1000 horse, who frequently made excursions, 
 and were very troublesome to the parliament- 
 arians at Nottingham, Lincoln, and the parts 
 adjacent. 
 
 The principal nobility and gentry of the 
 county, were staunch loyalists, amongst whom 
 were, the Earl of Newcastle, Lord Chesterfield, 
 Lord Chaworth, Lord Biron, Sir John Savile, 
 Sir Gervas Eyre, Sir John Digby, Sir Matthew 
 Palmer, Sir Thomas Williamson, Sir Roger 
 Cooper, Sir William Hickman, Sir Hugh 
 Cartwright, Sir Thomas Willoughby, Sir 
 Thomas Smith, Sir Thomas Blackwell, Mark- 
 ham, Perkins, Tevery, Pearce, Palme, Wood, 
 Sanderson, Moore, Mellish, Butler, and divers 
 others. The Earl of Kingston vaccilated for 
 a time, but at length loyalty preponderated. 
 The Earl of Clare, changed sides often, and 
 was not eminently serviceable to either party. 
 Mr. Sutton, afterwards Lord Lexington, Sir 
 
STATE OF NEWARK, 1642. 57 
 
 Gervas Clifton, and Mr. William Stanhope 
 forsook the Parliamentary cause and joined the 
 royalists. The family of Hutchinson were the 
 principal adherents to the opposite party. 
 
 It does not appear that Newark was, at 
 this time, garrisoned, although the fortifica- 
 tions were in a state of good repair, but soon 
 after the battle of Edge-hill which was fought 
 on 23rd day of October, 1642, the neighbour- 
 ing counties began every where to associate, 
 for the mutual assistance of each other. The 
 parliament commissioned Major Generals, as 
 commanders in chief, and to issue out com- 
 missions to the respective commanders of 
 regiments. Nottinghamshire was put into 
 association with the counties of Derby, Leices- 
 ter, and Lincoln, of which Lord Grey, of 
 Groby, eldest son to the Earl of Stamford, 
 was commander, and from him the Notting- 
 ham party received their first commission. 
 Newark soon became the head quarters of 
 the Cavaliers, as Nottingham did of the Round- 
 heads, but about the close of the year 1642. 
 the neighbouring parts being in great commo- 
 
 B 
 
58 SIEGE THE FIRST. 
 
 tion, the country gentlemen threw themselves 
 into Newark, as a place of greater security 
 than their own houses, and having procured 
 some regular soldiers, Sir John Henderson 
 who commanded them, was appointed gover* 
 nor of the town. 
 
 SIEGE THE FIRST- 
 
 Newark now began to wear a formidable 
 aspect, ammunitionand provisions were stow- 
 ed, cannon mounted and every necessary pre- 
 caution taken. In order to nip this progress 
 in its bud, about Candlemas, a consultation 
 was held at Nottingham, when it was deter- 
 mined to dispatch agents into Derbyshire and 
 Lincolnshire, to propose the advancing of the 
 Nottingham andDerby troops against Newark 
 on the one side and those of Lincoln on the other, 
 this proposal was acceded unto and immedi- 
 ately acted upon. The Lincolnshire forces 
 
SIEGE THE FIRST. 59 
 
 were commanded by one Ballard, a person of 
 reputable, though decayed, family, who had 
 seen much service abroad, and before his 
 quitting England, had received many favours 
 from numerous of the gentlemen, now cooped 
 up within that place. It rather appears, that 
 in taking part with the parliament " his 
 poverty, but not his will consented " for it 
 was not, till after repeated entreaty, he could 
 be induced to march against the town. Had 
 he relinquished the appointment, his character 
 would have shone conspicuously bright, but 
 unfortunately for his credit, he at length deter- 
 mined to march, with the mental reservation 
 not to ruin his former benefactors. He 
 appointed the forces of Nottingham and Derby 
 to rendezvous within a mile of Newark, on a 
 certain day stated 5 but upon which day the 
 most urgent persuasions could not induce him 
 to march out according to engagement. There 
 is strong ground for suspicion, that he even 
 acted the part of a villain, in this stage of the 
 business, and betrayed the whole to the 
 cavalier party in the town, as an ambuscade 
 was formed to intercept the troops before they 
 
 *2 
 
60 
 
 SIEGE THE FIRST. 
 
 arrived at their place of destination. An 
 extraordinary storm, intervening, protracted 
 their march one day, otherwise, in all proba- 
 bility every man would have been sacrificed. 
 The associated forces, about 1000 horse and 
 foot, having arrived, the commanders in the 
 Lincolnshire troops made communication of 
 the incomprehensible conduct of Ballard, 
 charging him with having played his ordnance 
 at such a distance from the town as to be 
 perfectly non-effective, and also that when the 
 Newark horse made a foraging sally, he 
 would not suffer a man of his people to stir 
 from their post upon Beacon-hill, though far 
 more numerous ; and eager for engagement. 
 When waited upon by the commander of the 
 associated forces, to inform him of their arrival 
 and to receive orders, the only answer to be 
 obtained was, they might take a station and 
 attack when opportunity occurred. They 
 accordingly did so, and drove the enemy from 
 their works with the loss of only four or five 
 men, and entrenching themselves, provided 
 straw, in order to lodge in the trenches all 
 uight. On the opposite side of the town 
 
SIEGE THE FIRST. 61 
 
 Captain King, of the Lincolnshire had advanc- 
 ed into Northgate, cut up a chain and placed a 
 drake, or small piece of cannon in a house, up- 
 on which the Cavaliers in the town were panic 
 stricken, and suggested an instant delivering 
 up of the place, some prepared to flee, and 
 many actually did evacuate it ; but Ballard 
 would not suffer his horse to pursue them. 
 One of his Captains indignant at such shame- 
 less perfidy, advanced towards the gate with 
 50 of his troop and drove back into the town 
 those who were attempting to escape. At 
 length Ballard, firmly persuaded, he could 
 not, by any other means, preserve his old 
 patrons, than by betraying his present em- 
 ployers, peremptorily ordered Captain King 
 to retreat, whereupon the whole force of 
 N ewark sallied out upon the Nottingham and 
 Derby, in their trenches, the resistance was 
 firm and resolute, until a Lincolnshire trooper, 
 sent by Ballard for the immediate purpose of 
 alarm, came at full speed calling out to them 
 to " flee for their lives, or they were all lost 
 men/' Upon this 200 men, whom Ballard 
 had, after much entreaty, sent to their relief, 
 
62 SIEGE THE FIRST. 
 
 gave way, the Derby, under Sir John Gell, 
 followed their example, leaving the Notting- 
 ham to sustain the whole weight of the attack. 
 This they did till their ammunition was 
 expended, and Ballard refusing to supply them 
 with more, they made good their retreat with 
 little loss, taking with them two pieces of 
 cannon which he, as a kind of salvo had 
 presented them with.* Immediately on the 
 departure of his troublesome visitors, the 
 governor, as a matter of cruel prudence, caused 
 the houses in Northgate, and amongst the rest 
 a stately one belonging to the Earl of Exeter, 
 erected on the ancient site of St. Leonard's 
 Hospital, to be burned, in order to avoid a 
 repetition of such close annoyance j but the 
 destruction of the latter was not so complete, 
 as to prevent its being rendered subservient to 
 military purposes in the next siege. 
 
 The country gentlemen, thus emancipated 
 
 * Nothing, excepting the general good of the cause, could 
 palliate the abject meanness of receiving a present from such 
 hands; but the application of the useful has, in all times been 
 found to possess wonderfully balsamic virtues. 
 
 
SIEGE THE FIRST. 63 
 
 from their durance honorable, and determined 
 not again to tempt the danger they had so 
 narrowly escaped, (for had Ballard done his 
 duty, the whole covey would inevitably have 
 been trussed up, at one " fell swoop ") im- 
 mediately proceeded to fortify their several 
 houses. Wiverton-house and Shelford* manor 
 w T ere both garrisoned, as were the Earl of 
 Newcastle's and Sir Roger Cooper's, at Thur- 
 garton Priory; and the parliamentary forces 
 in the neighbourhood, Nottingham the head 
 quarters included, did not exceed 1000 men, 
 but this respite was of short duration ; for 
 another and more severe trial of the fortitude 
 and bravery of the inflexible inhabitants of 
 Newark soon occurred. 
 
 * Shelford-house was stormed October 27th, 1645, bv 
 Pointz, under circumstances of the most savage slaughter. 
 Wiverton-house surrended the next day, and was demolished. 
 A short time previous, Sir Roger Cooper, his brother Cecil, 
 and garrison of 40 men were made prisoners and conveyed 
 to Nottingham, by Colonel Thorney, 
 
64 
 
 SIEGE THE SECOND, 
 
 JBy Meldrum, Hubbard, and Willoughby, 
 
 RAISED BY PRINCE RUPERT, * 
 
 >#^«< 
 
 " Towards the close of the year 1643, 
 Newark had been again, besieged some time, 
 and the brave garrison and townsmen reduced 
 to the greatest distress, when Charles, justly, 
 alarmed at the danger to which a place of such 
 importance was exposed, was resolved, at any 
 hazard, to relieve the town, in order where- 
 unto he sent an express to Prince Rupert, 
 which found him on the 12th of March, at 
 Chester, commanding him to draw w T hat forces 
 
 * He was nephew to Charles, being the son of his sister 
 Elizabeth, who married Frederic, Elector Palatine of the 
 Rhine, from whom the present family on the throne are 
 lineally descended. 
 
SIEGE THE SECOND. 65 
 
 he could together, arid raise the siege of 
 Newark ; * upon this advice he made all 
 haste to Shrewsbury, speeding away Major 
 Legg, (general of the ordnance) before, to 
 chuse out so many commanded Musqueteers 
 of the English (of late come out of Ireland) 
 as might well be spared out of that garrison. 
 These were a thousand Musqueteers of Colonel 
 Broughton's and Colonel Tillier's, regiments, 
 with a hundred and twenty of Colonel Sir 
 Fulk Hunk's. All these, sent down by the 
 Severn, met the Prince at Bridgenorth, on 
 Friday. Of horse he took along, his own 
 troop, and regiment, with twenty of Major 
 General Urrey's ; with these forces he drew 
 along, three field pieces. At Wolverhampton, 
 the next day his army was recruited by 100 
 horse, and 200 foot, of Colonel Leveso?i 9 s. 
 On Monday night he had notice at Ashhy de 
 la Zouch, of 2200 enemies under Sir Edward 
 Hartop, sent out by Meldrum to the pass and 
 bridge over the Soar, a mile from Lough- 
 borough, in Leicestershire. Their purpose 
 
 * Virl. Sir Richard Baker. 
 
66 SIEGE THE SECOND. 
 
 was, either to intercept Major General Porter, 
 or to prevent his joining with my Lord Lough- 
 horow : for thither, with four regiments of 
 horse, and 1000 commanded Musqueteers of 
 my Lord of Newcastle } s men, was Porter now 
 come from about Newark, to hinder the 
 further inroads into Leicestershire. Daily 
 slight skirmishes had passed. For Meldrum 
 not able to force the passage, and hearing of 
 my Lord of Loughborow's drawing out, stole 
 away. Porter, thus disengaged, was, the 
 next day, together with my Lord Loughborow's 
 forces joined to those of the Prince. That 
 night they all quartered in a close by Bingham, 
 eight miles short of Newark. About two of 
 the clock, the moon then well up, the drums 
 beat, and all marched. Hitherto had the 
 marches been so speedy, as fame itself was 
 prevented, for, by Meldrum' s own letter sent 
 to the Lord Fairfax, which was intercepted 
 the night before, they had no more than an 
 unaccredited rumor of Prince Rupert's coming. 
 On this day's march the Prince had notice, by 
 his espials, how the enemy was busied all that 
 morning in sending away their cannon, which 
 
SIEGE THE SECOND. 67 
 
 proved no other, than their drawing them off 
 their batteries into their chief work at the 
 Spittle, or Exeter House a little more than 
 musket shot from the town; for, into that 
 quarter had they, this morning, drawn all their 
 regiments and ammunition. The Prince hav- 
 ing intelligence of their amassing themselves 
 thus, into one body, which he supposed to be 
 a preparation to march off suddenly; advanced 
 his van of horse upon the spur to overtake 
 them : the rest of his horse had orders to keep 
 along with the foot, cannon, and amunition. 
 Coming near the Beacon-hill, a mile short of 
 Newark, he perceived some horses of the ene- 
 my ; who, upon his approach, drew down the 
 other side to their own gross. The Prince 
 thus easily gaining the hill, was earnest to 
 pursue his good fortune, under the apprehen- 
 sion of having many advantages over a retreat- 
 ing enemy : whereupon he gave orders to 
 charge them with all the horse then with him, 
 and engage them till the rear and foot should 
 be marched up to him. Trooping thus to the 
 edge of the hill, he perceived most of the ene- 
 my in Battalia, (horse and foot) near the Spit- 
 
68 SIEGE THE SECOND. 
 
 tie : all except four great bodies of horse, who 
 waited to receive him at the very descent of 
 the hill. 
 
 " The Prince thus ordered his own few 
 forces 5 first, himself with his own troop of 
 life guards, undertook to attack that body on 
 the left hand, appointing my Lord Lough- 
 horow's troop to second him, and Colonel 
 Charles Gerard's to be as a reserve, a little on 
 my Lord's right hand. The Prince's regiment 
 was cast into five divisions, two troops to each 
 division : in the first and very right hand of 
 all, were Captain Gardner and Captain Rich- 
 ardson; then the Lord Grandison and Sir 
 Thomas Dallison, next them, the troops of 
 Sir Lewis Dives, Major Legge, and Lieutenant 
 Colonel O' Neil's troops, being next unto the 
 life guards; this regiment was seconded by 
 Major General Porter's regiment : the field- 
 word was King and Queen, their opponent's 
 Religion. The fight began about nine o'clock 
 in the morning, March the 21st, 1643, and af- 
 ter some time grew very warm, especially 
 on the Prince's right wing, the other doubling 
 
SIEGE THE SECOND, 
 
 69 
 
 their files from three to six deep, and charged 
 the two outermost troops upon the flanks with 
 such violence, that they must have been broken, 
 had not Captain Martin rendered timely as- 
 sistance and beat them off: the Prince, himself, 
 having pierced deeply into the enemies line, 
 and being known, was dangerously assaulted 
 by three sturdy persons, whereof one fell by 
 his own sword, a second being pistolled by 
 Master Montaign, one of his gentlemen, the 
 third, in the act of laying his hand on the 
 Prince's collar, had it nearly chopped off by 
 Sir William Neal. Prince Rupert being thus 
 disengaged, without any other injury than a 
 shot in his gauntlet, with Sir Richard Crane's 
 own troop, charged quite through the enemy, 
 pursuing them in rout home to their works at 
 the Spittle. Shortly after this, his regiment, 
 with their seconds, likewise routed the three 
 other bodies, four of the troops charging even 
 into the work, and bringing aw T ay a captain, pri- 
 soner. hordLoughborow, in this action, deport- 
 ed him self most honorably ; some of his troop 
 shrinking at the second charge, he rode back, 
 rallied and brought them up again. Colonel 
 
70 SIEGE THE SECOND. 
 
 Gerard was shot in the arm, in this encounter, 
 and being, by the fail of his horse, much 
 bruised, was taken prisoner. 
 
 " After some pause, both sides began to 
 make ready for another charge, the Prince to 
 make impression, and they to receive it ; and 
 though, for a good while, it was disputed 
 tough ly, yet, by mere force were the enemy 
 driven quite out of the field and far beyond 
 their own work, foot, and cannon at the 
 Spittle ; divers of them hasting by a bridge of 
 boats over the Devon into the Island ; four 
 other troops, with as many companies of foot 
 hurried up to Muskham-hridge on the opposite 
 side of the Island, and on the river Trent 
 about three quarters of a mile from Newark, 
 and the Spittle; here they remained till towards 
 evening, when, breaking the bridge behind 
 them, and throwing one piece of cannon into 
 the Trent, they hasted to Nottingham. 
 
 " In both these stiff bouts, the Prince took 
 five Cornets and ninety prisoners, whereof 
 three were Captains, some Gentlemen, 
 
SIEGE THE SECOND. 71 
 
 besides other officers, and two cannoniers. 
 And now, as if a universal truce had been 
 agreed upon, there was some half an hour's 
 silence, excepting, at times, disturbed by the 
 enemy's cannon. The Prince now waited for 
 his foot, and the rear of his horse, both of 
 which had been left behind at the distance of 
 two miles: the van be^an to double their 
 march to come up to the enemy, anon came 
 up the foot, all that day commanded by 
 Colonel Tillier, these, after halting awhile 
 upon the hill, the first division being part of 
 those who came from Shrewsbury ^ were led 
 on by the Colonel, and marched down in the 
 face of the enemy, hooting, in derision, at 
 their cannon, and being flanked by some horse, 
 thev were wheeled to the ri^ht into a meadow. 
 On their arrival, the enemy drew all their 
 horse and foot within their Spittle work, and 
 both sides saluted each other, though at too 
 great a distance, with a short volley. Colonel 
 Tilliers orders were to march up to the river's 
 side, in order to take the boat-bridge from the 
 enemy ; but this being strongly guarded, he 
 was glad to retire, and take ground out of the 
 
72 SIEGE THE SECOND. 
 
 reach of the cannon. In the mean time divers 
 other bodies were brought into the field, who, 
 charging up to the enemies work, killed many; 
 Loughborow's men being left upon the hill as 
 a reserve. Thus was the valley bespread with 
 the Prince's battalions, Sir Richard Byron, 
 Governor of Newark, having previously sent 
 a part of his garrison, both horse and foot, into 
 another ground on the south-east side of the 
 town. By this time the Prince had notice 
 given him, by a prisoner, and also by a deser- 
 ter, how much the enemy were distressed for 
 want of victuals, and that they were not able 
 to live there two days. Whereupon he began 
 to resolve upon other counsels, esteeming it 
 cheaper to block up their trenches, than to 
 storm them. And blocked up already were 
 they in a very narrow space, no more being 
 free than the rear of the Spittle towards the 
 river. Besides which, they were on all sides, 
 by this time surrounded by the royal forces. 
 On the south side by the town; on the east 
 by the Prince ; and on the north by Colonel 
 Tillier. Into the Island on the west, the Prince 
 had detached 500 horse, besides 200 of the 
 
SIEGE THE SECOND. 73 
 
 Newark troopers. Thus, the late blockers 
 found themselves besieged, and without much 
 hope of sudden relief, or safe means for sally j 
 for so well had the Prince ordered them, that, 
 had they sallied forwards, he had fallen upon 
 them on their first issuing out, both in front, 
 and flanks, with his army, and the town had 
 charged them upon their rear. Had they 
 attempted to escape over their boat-bridge, 
 those in the isle had disturbed their passage, 
 and others entertained them on coming over. 
 
 " By this time had the Prince commanded 
 Sir Richard Byron with his own, and Sir 
 Gervas Eyre's horse regiment, with 800 of 
 Sir John Dighy's foot, to advance so high into 
 the Island, as to put in betwixt the enemy's 
 two bridges; by which interposition was all 
 intercourse cut off betwixt their greater 
 body at the Spittle, and those at Maskham 
 bridge : upon this, those eight colours at the 
 bridge retreated as aforesaid. Under favour 
 of those town forces too, was the Prince resol- 
 ved to cast up a redoubt that night betwixt the 
 bridges, but going to view r the ground, the 
 
74 SIEGE THE SECOND. 
 
 enemy sent out a trumpet, to desire a parley. 
 To make way for this, and the more to sweeten 
 and oblige the Prince, had Sir John Meldrum, 
 some hours before, sent home Colonel Gerard, 
 but, upon the parole of a soldier and a gentle- 
 man, to return himself a prisoner whenever he 
 should be called. They having sent to parley, 
 quitted their bridge, which the Prince present- 
 ly possessed by 100 Musqueteers. For the 
 mrley^ on the Prince's side were appointed 
 Sir Richard Crane, captain of his life guards, 
 Sir William Neale, scout master general, the 
 other sending Sir Miles Hobard, and Sir John 
 Palgrave, two Colonels of Norfolk, on their 
 part. The Prince's horse were so overmarch- 
 ed, and the foot so beaten off their legs by long 
 marches, that he found his men not very able 
 to engage anew, and the enemy were more 
 than was believed ; so that he was willing to 
 give them good conditions, and the rather, 
 for that, by an intercepted letter it appeared, 
 the Lord Fairfax and his son Sir Thomas, 
 being commanded by the council of state, to 
 march, to other places, might, ere long, have 
 need of his presence, so that, at length, he 
 condescended to these articles. 
 
SIEGE THE SECOND; 7& 
 
 1. That all match, bullet, powder, cannon 
 and all other fire arms belonging to the artillery 
 be delivered.* 
 
 2. That all soldiers march away with their 
 swords by their sides, and colours and drums. 
 
 3. That all officers march without molesta- 
 tion, with their arms and horses for themselves 
 and servants, and all bag, baggage, money and 
 whatsoever doth truly belong to themselves. 
 
 4. That all troopers and dragoons march 
 with their swords, horses and colours. 
 
 5. That his Highness send a convoy to 
 protect us from any injury two miles from the 
 utmost of his Highness quarters. 
 
 Dated March 22nd, 1643. 
 
 Although only one of the besieging com- 
 manders is particularly mentioned in the 
 engagement, yet it is certain Sir Michael 
 
 * By this victory above 4000 stand of arms, 11 pieces 
 of brass cannon, and 60 barrels of powder fell into the 
 hands of the Prince. The arms were left behind as the 
 brave inhabitants of the town wished to form themselves 
 into Volunteer companies in order to assist the garrison. 
 The muster roll of those heroes would have been invaluable* 
 
 v2 
 
 
76 SIEGE THE SECOND. 
 
 Hubbard had his quarters at Balderton and 
 Lord Willoughby of Parham occupied Bea- 
 con-hill at the time of the Prince's arrival. 
 
 There is an apparent inconsistency on the 
 face of this account, yet by a little attention 
 to situation and circumstance the involving 
 doubts are easily cleared. It may excite some 
 surprise to hear of Prince Rupert marching 
 from Bingham, south-west of Newark at 
 two o'clock in the morning of the 21st, and 
 find him, between eight and nine making an 
 attack on Willoughby's division on Beacon- 
 hill, which is due east ; but it must be 
 recollected that Hubbard lay at Balderton, 
 and probably, the Prince fearing to alarm that 
 quarter if he passed between him and Newark, 
 took a circuitous rout at the back of Balderton 
 and from thence fell into the line of the Cod- 
 dington road ; otherwise how can upwards of 
 six hours march be accounted for, in travers- 
 ing so short a distance. This well contested 
 battle was fought near to the north gate ; and so 
 great was the panic occasioned by the exploit,, 
 that Hubbard and Willoughby immediately 
 
SIEGE THE SECOND. 77 
 
 broke up, and the garrisons of Gainsborough, 
 Lincoln and Sleaford were abandoned by the 
 parliamentary forces. It was an occurrence 
 during this relief which gave rise to the 
 traditional anecdote of the 
 
 OLD DRUM. 
 
 The garrison being nearly starved out, the 
 governor was under hourly apprehensions 
 that the brave townsmen would commit some 
 act of desperation in order to relieve their 
 distresses. Since the rumour of the expecta- 
 tion of the Prince's army in the neighbourhood, 
 the lines of the enemy were so much contract- 
 ed, that it was almost impracticable to 
 acquaint him with the extent of their priva- 
 tions, without danger of the intelligence being 
 intercepted. The Prince wished to concert 
 with the governor the most feasible means of 
 attacking the enemy with a prospect of success, 
 and had communicated a character under 
 which they were to correspond for that pur- 
 pose; but after sending two messengers with 
 this, and notice of his arrival, and only one of 
 
78 SIEGE THE SECOND. 
 
 them having gained the town, the governor 
 justly apprehended the other had been inter- 
 cepted by the enemy, and the secret thereby 
 discovered. He at length dispatched the 
 following message, which he trusted would 
 not be understood, even if the character in 
 which it was written should be, by any one 
 excepting those to whom it was directed. For 
 as numbers deserted daily, he durst not entrust 
 any individual with the nature of the dispatch 
 he carried. The words of the letter were 
 these— " Let the OLD DRUM on the north 
 side be beaten early on the morrow morning." 
 — By the Old Drum was intended to be meant 
 Sir John Meldrum.* 
 
 During this siege Mr. Clay, a tradesman of 
 eminence, whose dwelling stood in the Market 
 place, dreamed three times successively in 
 the same night that his house was in flames, 
 ^he arose on the third w T aming, exceedingly 
 terrified and in extreme agitation, alarmed 
 
 * This able commander was killed at the siege of 
 Scarborough Castle between two and three years after. 
 
SIEGE THE SECOND. 79 
 
 the whole family, and caused them to quit the 
 premises ; though, at that time, all was in 
 perfect safety, and not the least appearance of 
 fire. Soon after, a bomb from a battery on 
 Beacon-hill, intended, as was supposed for the 
 governor's habitation, fell upon the roof of his 
 house, and penetrated through all the floors, 
 but, happily, did • but little execution. In 
 memory of this very extraordinary escape , a 
 sermon is preached every year on the 11th of 
 March, the anniversary of the event, and a 
 penny laof given to every poor inhabitant 
 of the town. 
 
 In the same siege a cannon ball perforated 
 the north-east cant of the spire of the Church, 
 a little below the bottom window, the aperture 
 remains visible. 
 
 The subsequent part of this year, the war 
 was carried on, chiefly, in the western coun- 
 ties; but, early in the spring 1644, it was deter- 
 mined by the parliament, to endeavour to shut 
 out Charles entirely from the northern parts 
 of the kingdom. Newark was the only strong- 
 
80 SIEGE THE THIRD, 
 
 place which presented a serious obstacle to 
 this design, accordingly a numerous army, un- 
 der the command of Lord Fairfax was ordered 
 to form the third siege. 
 
 SIEGE THE THIRD. 
 
 This was carried on during the whole of 
 the year with great vigour; yet, notwithstand- 
 ing the strict beleaguer, the brave Newarkers 
 did not let slip any opportunity, that offered, 
 of evincing their enterprising spirit, for on the 
 22nd day of December, they surprised two 
 troops of the Nottingham horse at Upton, and 
 brought them off prisoners. In the beginning 
 of 1645, the blockade was so strict that the 
 miseries of famine made dreadful havoc a- 
 mongst the garrison. Desperate sallies were 
 made to obtain, even a temporary suspension 
 of the pangs of hunger, nevertheless, the most 
 tremendous cannonades were borne with 
 
SIEGE THE THIRD. 81 
 
 undaunted firmness ; when Prince Rupert 
 being made sensible of the dangerous state of 
 the place, determined on an attempt being 
 made for its immediate relief. 
 
 The command of this expedition was en- 
 trusted to Sir Marmaduke Langdale, an 
 able and experienced officer. It was, perhaps, 
 the most arduous service which occurred in 
 the course of the Avar. An account, taken 
 from the Manuscript copy of a gentleman who 
 was of the party, was printed in the year 17S2, 
 and as the book is now growing rather out of 
 memory, it may not be irrelevant to present 
 it to the reader in the Author's own words. 
 
 " I was quartered all this winter at Ban- 
 bury, and went little abroad ; nor had we any 
 action till towards the end of February, when 
 I was ordered to march to Leicester with Sir 
 Marmaduke Langdale, in order, as we thought, 
 to raise a body of men in that county, and 
 Staffordshire, to join the King." 
 
 " We lay at Daventry one night, and con- 
 
82 SIEGE THE THIRD. 
 
 tinned our march to cross the river Nen, 
 above Northampton, that town being in pos- 
 sesion of the enemy ; we understood a party of 
 the Northampton forces were abroad, and in- 
 tended to attack us. Accordingly, in the 
 afternoon, our scouts brought us word, the 
 enemy were quartered in some villages on the 
 road to Coventry ; our commander thinking 
 it much better to set upon them in their quar- 
 ters, than to wait for them in the field, resolved 
 to attack them early in the morning, before 
 they were aware of it. We refreshed ourselves 
 in the field for that day, and getting into a 
 great wood near the enemy, we stayed there 
 all night, till almost break of day, without be- 
 ing discovered. 
 
 " In the morning, veiy early, we heard the 
 enemy's trumpet sound, to horse ; this roused 
 us to look abroad ; and sending out a scout, 
 he brought us word that a party of the enemy 
 was at hand. We were vexed to be so disap- 
 pointed, but, finding their party small enough 
 to be dealt with, Sir Marmaduke ordered me 
 to charge them with 300 horse and 200 dra- 
 
SIEGE THE THIRD. 83 
 
 goons, while he, at the same time, entered the 
 town. Accordingly I lay still till they came to 
 the very skirt of the wood where I was posted, 
 when I saluted them with a volley from my 
 dragoons, out of the wood, and immediately 
 shewed myself with my horse in their front, 
 ready to charge them ; they appeared not to 
 be surprised, but received our charge with 
 great resolution; and, being above 400 men, 
 they pushed me vigorously in their turn, put- 
 ting my men into some disorder. In this 
 extremity, I sent to order the dragoons to 
 charge them in the flank, which they did with 
 great bravery, and the other still maintained 
 the fight with desperate resolution. There 
 was no want of courage in the men on both 
 sides; but our dragoons had the advantage, 
 and at last routed and drove them back to the 
 village. 
 
 " Here Sir Marmaduke Langdale had his 
 hands full too ; for my firing had alarmed the 
 places adjacent, that when he came into the 
 town he found them all in arms; and, contrary 
 to his expectation, two regiments of foot, with 
 
84 SIEGE THE THIRD. 
 
 about 500 horse more. As Sir Marmaduke 
 had no foot, only horse and dragoons, this was 
 surprise to him; but he caused his dragoons 
 to enter the town and charge the foot, while 
 his horse secured the avenues." 
 
 " The dragoons bravely attacked the foot, 
 and Sir Marmaduke falling in with his horse, 
 the fight was obstinate and very bloody, when 
 the horse that I had routed came flying into 
 the street of the village, and my men at their 
 heels. Immediately I left the pursuit, and 
 fell in with all my force to the assistance of 
 my friends, and after an obstinate resistance, 
 we routed the whole party; killed about 700 
 men, took 350, 27 officers, 100 arms, all their 
 baggage, and 200 horses, we then continued 
 our march to Harhorough and halted to re- 
 fresh ourselves." 
 
 " Betw r een Harhorough and Leicester, we 
 met with a party of 800 dragoons of the Par- 
 liamentary forces. They found themselves too 
 lew to attack, and therefore to avoid us, had 
 got into a small wood j but perceiving them- 
 
SIEGE THE THIRD. 
 
 selves discovered, came boldly out, and placed 
 themselves at the entrance, of a lane, lining 
 both sides of the hedges with their shot. We 
 immediately attacked, and beat them from the 
 hedges into the wood, and out of it, forcing 
 them at last to a downright runaway, on foot, 
 among the inclosures, where we could not 
 follow them, killed about 100, and took 250 
 prisoners, with all their horses, and came that 
 night to Leicester. When we came there, and 
 had taken up our quarters, Sir Marmaduke 
 Langdale sent for me to sup with him, and 
 told me, that he had a secret commission in 
 his pocket, which his Majesty had commanded 
 him not to open till he came to Leicester ; 
 that now, he had sent for me, to open it to- 
 gether, that we might know what it was we 
 were to do, and to consider how to do t it; so pull- 
 ing out his sealed orders, we found we were ta 
 get what force we could together, and a cer- 
 tain number of carriages with ammunition^ 
 which the Governor of Leicester was to de- 
 liver us, together with a certain quantity of 
 provision, especially corn and salt, in order to* 
 relieve Newa.uk.." 
 
86 SIEGE THE THIRD. 
 
 " This town had long been besieged ; the for- 
 tifications of the place, together with its situa- 
 tion, had rendered it one of the strongest in 
 England ; and as it was the greatest pass in 
 the kingdom, so it was of vast consequence to 
 the King's affairs. There was in it a garrison 
 of brave old rugged boys, fellows, that like 
 Count Tilly's* Germans, had iron faces, and 
 they had defended themselves with extraordi- 
 nary bravery a great while, but were reduced 
 to an exceeding strait for want of provisions." 
 
 " Accordingly we received the ammunition 
 and provision, and away we went for Newark; 
 about Melton Mowbray f Colonel Roseter set 
 upon us, with above 3000 men; we were about 
 the same number, having 2500 horse, and 800 
 dragoons. We had some foot, but they were 
 still at Harhorough y and were ordered to come 
 after us, 
 
 " Roseter, like a brave officer, as he was, 
 charged us with great fury, and rather outdid 
 
 * A celebrated Austrian general of that time. 
 f February 25, 1645. Wharton. 
 
SIEGE THE THIRD. 87 
 
 us in number, while we defended ourselves 
 with all the eagerness we could, and withal 
 gave him to understand we were not to be 
 beaten so soon as he expected. While the 
 fight continued doubtful, especially on our 
 side, our people, who had charge of the car- 
 riages and provisions, began to enclose our 
 flanks with them, as if we had been marching; 
 which, though it was done without orders, had 
 two very good effects, and which did us extra- 
 ordinary service. First it secured us from 
 being charged in the flank, which Roseter 
 had twice attempted; and secondly, it secured 
 our carriages from being plundered, which 
 had spoiled our expedition. Being thus en- 
 closed, we fought with great security; and 
 though Roseter made three desperate charges 
 upon us, he could never break us. Our men 
 received him with so much courage, and 
 kept their order so well, that the enemy find- 
 ing it impossible to force us, gave over and 
 left us to pursue our orders. We did not offer 
 to chase them, but were contented enough to 
 have repulsed and beaten them off, and our 
 business being to relieve Newark, we pro- 
 ceeded. 
 
88 SIEGE THE THIRD, 
 
 If we are to reckon by the enemy's usual 
 method, we gained the victory, because we 
 kept the field, and had the pillage of their 
 dead; but otherwise, neither side had any 
 great cause to boast. We lost about 150 men 
 and nearly as many hurt ; they left 170 on the 
 spot and carried off some. How many they 
 had wounded we could not tell; we got 70 or 
 80 horses, which helped to remount some of 
 our men who had lost theirs in the fight. 
 We had however, this disadvantage, that 
 we were to march on immediately after this 
 service ; the enemy only having to retire to 
 their quarters, which were but hard by. This 
 was an injury to our wounded men, who were 
 afterwards obliged to be left at Belvoir Castle, 
 and from thence we advanced to Newark." 
 
 " Our business at Newark was to relieve 
 the place, and this we resolved to do, what- 
 ever it might cost, though, at the same time, 
 we resolved not to fight, unless we were forced 
 to it. The town was rather blocked up, than 
 besieged; the garrison was strong, but ill 
 provided; we had sent them word of our com- 
 
 
SIEGE THE THIRD. 89 
 
 ing, and our orders to relieve them, and they 
 proposed some measures for our doing it. The 
 chief strengtli of the enemy lay on the other 
 side of the river; but they having also some 
 notice of our design, had sent over forces to 
 strengthen their leaguer on the other side. 
 The garrison had often surprised them by sal- 
 lies, and indeed had chiefly subsisted for some 
 time by what they brought in on this manner.' ' 
 
 " Sir Marmaduke Langdale, who was our 
 general for the expedition, was for a general 
 attempt to raise the siege; but I dissuaded 
 him from it; first, " because if we should be 
 beaten, as might be probable, we should then 
 lose the town," Sir Marmaduke briskly re- 
 plied, " a soldier never ought to suppose he 
 should be beaten/' " but Sir, (says I) you will 
 get more honour by relieving the town, than 
 by beating them ; one will be a credit to your 
 conduct, as the other will be to your courage ; 
 and, if you think you can beat them, you may 
 do it afterwards, and then if you are mistaken, 
 the town is, nevertheless secured, and half 
 your victory gained." 
 
 G 
 
90 SIEGE THE THIRD. 
 
 " He was prevailed with to adhere to this 
 advice, and accordingly we appeared before 
 the town, about two hours before night. The 
 horse drew up before the enemy's works ; the 
 enemy drew up within their works, and seeing 
 no foot, expected our dragoons would dismount 
 and attack them. They were in the right to 
 let us attack, because of the advantage of their 
 batteries and works, if that had been our 
 design ; but, as we intended only to amuse 
 them, this caution of theirs effected our intent; 
 for while we thus faced with our horse, two 
 regiments of foot> which came up to us but 
 the night before, and w r ere all the infantry we 
 had, with the waggons of provisions, and 500 
 dragoons, taking a compass clean round the 
 town, posted themselves on the lower side, by 
 the river. Upon a signal, the garrison agreed 
 on before, they sallied out at this very juncture, 
 with all the men they could spare, and divi- 
 ding themselves into two parties, whilst one 
 party moved to the left to meet our relief, the 
 other fell upon that body which faced us. We 
 kept in motion, and upon this signal advanced 
 to their works, our dragoons fired upon them, 
 
 
SIEGE THE THIRD. 91 
 
 and the horse wheeling and countermarching 
 often, kept them in continual expectation of 
 an attack. By these means the enemy were 
 kept employed, and our foot, with the waggons, 
 appearing on that quarter where they were 
 the least expected, easily defeated the advanced 
 guards, and forced that post ; where, entering 
 the leaguer, the other part of the garrison, 
 Avho had sallied that way, came up to them, 
 received the waggons, and the dragoons enter- 
 ed with them into the town. That party 
 which we faced on the other side of the works ; 
 knew nothing of what was done till it was 
 over; the garrison retreated to the town in 
 good order, and we drew off, having finished 
 what we came for, with little fighting. Thus 
 we plentifully stored the town with all things 
 wanting, and with the addition of 500 dragoons 
 to their garrison; after which we marched 
 away." 
 
 All hope of reducing the town by famine, 
 being for the present extinguished ; early in 
 March, the besieging forces broke up, and the 
 brave garrison were once more set at liberty. 
 
 g2 
 
92 SIEGE THE THIRD. 
 
 The gallant use they made of that liberty, will 
 furnish brilliant matter for the ensuing pages. 
 
 The parliament, besides their head quarters 
 at Nottingham, had a strong garrison at Gran- 
 tham, and considerable forces at Southwell, 
 Shelford, Belvoir Castle, Torksey and Wel- 
 beck. The garrison of Newark attacked all 
 these places at different times, and generally, 
 with more success than their numbers might 
 seem to warrant. 
 
93 
 
 PARTICULAR 
 
 ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS, 
 
 Surprize and Plunder of Nottingham. 
 
 About the beginning of September, 1642, 
 all the horse being drawn out of Nottingham, 
 and the troops in Newark apprised that the 
 garrison was in a destitute state, issued out in 
 detached parties, and swept the whole country 
 up to the walls of that place. The alarm 
 occasioned by these proceedings was very con- 
 siderable; at length on Tuesday the 18th of 
 September, the brave Sir Richard Biron, with 
 600 of his men effected an entry, and during 
 the space of five days lived upon free quarter. 
 Finding however, that not the least impres- 
 sion was to be made upon the Castle; on 
 Saturday the 23d, being about to evacuate 
 the town, they were assaulted by Captain 
 
94 ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 
 
 White, who had under him about 400 men ; 
 the affair was warmly agitated for some time, 
 and Sir Richard Biron in imminent danger, 
 he was stricken dowp, but escaped with the 
 loss of his hat; his horse was mortally wounded 
 and fell dead in the adjacent street. 
 
 The Cavaliers nevertheless, made good their 
 retreat, to the Trent bridge, which was in their 
 possession, and where they had erected a small 
 fort, leaving behind 25 of their men besides some 
 killed ; but the booty and prisoners they car- 
 ried off was considerable, and which they sent 
 down the water in boats to Newark. Not a 
 few of the townsmen accompanied them, 
 amongst whom was Dr. Plumptre, one of the 
 Nottingham committee. In this instance 
 many of the seceders took pattern by an exam- 
 ple of high antiquity ; for, they not only re- 
 moved their own chattels, but borrowed of 
 their neighbours whatever seemed eligibly 
 portable. The Newark forces now threw 
 themselves into the fort, which thev had ren- 
 dered as strong, as the time and circumstances 
 would permit; here they remained till the 
 
ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEVVARKERS. 95 
 
 Friday morning following, when having receiv- 
 ed certain information that greatly superior 
 numbers were collected to attack them, they 
 silently marched out, and gained their own 
 garrison without loss. This step without 
 doubt was dictated by prudence, for though 
 there does not appear to have been any lack of 
 provisions, and necessaries, they leaving behind 
 them 80 sheep, 100 loads of coal, 20 quarters 
 of oats, and much hay, yet as all the parlia- 
 mentary garrisons in the neighbourhood were 
 in full alarm, they, probably, must have been, 
 in a short time, under the disagreeable necessi- 
 ty of surrendering. All the works they left 
 standing; but broke up two of the arches of 
 the Trent bridge, to hinder a pursuit. The 
 Republicans immediately manned the fort. 
 
 SECOND ENTRY INTO NOTTINGHAM. 
 
 In the month of December ensuing, several 
 conferences were held amongst the leaders of 
 the Cavalier party in and about the neighbour- 
 hood of Newark, the result of which was a 
 resolution to again endeavour to gain posses- 
 
96 ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 
 
 sion of the Castle of Nottingham. Many of 
 the principal inhabitants were favorable to the 
 cause, the garrison not very numerous, and the 
 walls, in some places, easily attainable. Ac- 
 cordingly on Monday evening, the fifteenth 
 day of January, 1643, in a severe frost 
 and very deep snow, all the Newark forces 
 were marched out, and by way of feint, on the 
 road to Sleaford. They soon, however, by 
 wheeling to the right unmasked this, and early 
 on the Tuesday morning, intelligence arrived 
 at Nottingham, that the enemy were at hand. 
 All was bustle in the garrison, a company of 
 foot was sent to man the works, and a party 
 of horse dispatched to dispute the passage into 
 the town ; but they, perceiving the assailants 
 to be numerous, and not any of the inhabitants 
 turning out to their assistance, hastily retreat- 
 ed to the Castle in which safe plan they were 
 soon joined by the foot. 
 
 The first party that entered the gates was 
 commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Cartwright, 
 who had laboured under so much indecision, 
 that only a few days before, he had applied to 
 
ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 97 
 
 the Governor for a protection, as a preliminary 
 to coming in and laying down his arms. 
 
 The Governor having upbraided the re- 
 creant horse, in very severe terms, on their 
 pusillanimous conduct, they instantly dis- 
 mounted, and took muskets, for the purpose 
 of serving as foot, when, being joined by the 
 remainder of the garrison, about noon, they 
 sallied out of the Castle, and several smart 
 skirmishes ensued. The Governor recalled 
 his men into the Castle, this seems only to have 
 been a lull, for whether from ill adopted 
 security arising from dependance on auxili- 
 aries without, or perhaps, from the too general 
 complexion of those times, a thirst afterplunder, 
 remissness ensued ; which being noticed from 
 the fortress, a general sally was made, on the 
 rather unprepared troops; but having at length 
 in some degree, recovered regularity, they 
 disputed the ground street by street, till being 
 overwhelmed by superior numbers, they were 
 obliged to evacuate the place. The loss was 
 about 40 killed and 80 made prisoners. 
 
98 ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 
 
 Although the attempt was thus rendered 
 abortive, yet this affair reflected the highest 
 honor on the Newarkers, in point of bravery, 
 for notwithstanding there were upwards of 
 1000 men, on the west side of the town, under 
 the command of Sir Charles Lucas, drawn up 
 to keep the Derby and Leicester forces in 
 check, who did not make their appearance; 
 and a considerable body under Mr. Hastings, 
 selected from the garrisons^of Belvoir and Wi- 
 verton; yet were these intrepid men suffered 
 to abide singly the brunt of the conflict : and 
 even to rely on their own horse, which they 
 had stationed on the outside of the walls as a 
 reserve to cover their retreat. 
 
 CAPTURE of the FORT at the TRENT-BRIDGE. 
 
 On Sunday the 19th of April, 1645, the 
 Governor of Newark having received private 
 information that the fort at the Trent bridge 
 was but negligently kept, detached a party for 
 the purpose of surprising it. This they perform- 
 ed with very trifling loss, killing about 30 men 
 who guarded it, with their ensign. It was 
 evacuated four days after. 
 
ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 99 
 GOVERNORS SUPERSEDED. 
 
 About this time, disputes ran so high, be- 
 tween Sir Richard Biron, and the King's 
 commissioners at Newark, that in the end he 
 was displaced, and Sir Richard Willis ap- 
 pointed in his stead. This man was an un- 
 worthy substitute for the loyal Biron, as he 
 afterwards became one of Cromwell's principal 
 spies. On the defeat at Naseby, the King 
 retired into Wales, and the broken forces of 
 his party threw themselves into Newark, as 
 the strongest and best fortified hold the royal- 
 ists retained. Here, by a circuitous rout 
 Charles joined them, with a body of 3000 men. 
 Discontent reigning amongst his commanders, 
 Willis was dismissed and the Lord Beliasis 
 appointed Governor. The King continued 
 here until apprehensive of being besieged by 
 the Scots who were approaching, and then 
 in the night of the 6th of November, 1645, 
 quitted it for Oxford. Whilst he was at 
 Newark, Prince Rupert waited upon him to 
 shew cause for the most unexpected surrender 
 L.oFC. 
 
100 ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 
 
 of Bristol, and remained here till he obtained 
 a pass from the Parliament to retire out of the 
 Kingdom. 
 
 ANOTHER DRUM. 
 
 In the year 1644, a party of the King's 
 forces from Newark left the town to collect 
 contributions, and took into custody some 
 countrymen who were in arrear ; the com- 
 mittee of Nottingham, receiving notice there- 
 of, detached a party for the purpose of rescuing 
 them ; the Newarkers perceiving themselves 
 likely to be overmatched, retreated in haste, 
 leaving their prisoners and five or six of their 
 own men behind. Elated at this success, the 
 republicans pushing rapidly and incautiously 
 forward, fell in with a fresh body of troops, 
 that, in the mean time, had issued from New- 
 ark, who quickly routed them, retook the 
 prisoners and captured of the parliamentary 
 party Major MELDRUM, Lieutenant Smith, 
 and about 28 soldiers with their arms and 
 horses. 
 
ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 101 
 
 STORMING OF LEICESTER. 
 
 At this time Leicester, was a place of the 
 greatest importance the parliament possessed 
 in these parts, it was strongly garrisoned, and 
 ably commanded by a governor of the name of 
 Pye. General Fairfax was now closely besieg- 
 ing Oxford, and not any thing appeared more 
 likely to draw him from thence, than the fur- 
 nishing a necessity for relieving some other for- 
 tress. Accordingly towards the close of May, 
 1645, Leicester was completely invested by 
 Prince Rupert, and Sir Marmaduke Langdale, 
 with their horse. The governor evinced such 
 masterly skill in defending the place, that, al- 
 though the heavy artillery of the royal army 
 soon effected a breach in the walls, yet the as- 
 sailants began to despair of success ; when a 
 large party of horse being sent off, by the go- 
 vernor of Newark to their assistance, their 
 arrival decided the fate of Leicester, for these 
 troops being in full vigour, w r ere dismounted,, 
 and immediately attacked in breach, while the 
 remainder of the royal forces, by a feint on the 
 
102 ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 
 
 contrary side, deceived the garrison so com- 
 pletely, that the Newark heroes entered the 
 town by storm. This occurred on the 31st 
 of May, 1645 ; the town was sacked, under the 
 eye of the Monarch ;*■ and 1200 men made 
 prisoners, the loss on the royal side was incon- 
 siderable. It was, however, regained by the 
 parliamentary on the 18th of June following, 
 four days after the fatal battle of Naseby. 
 
 Welbeck house was surprised by a party 
 from Newark, July 16th, 1645, where they 
 made 200 prisoners, and took three pieces of 
 cannon. 
 
 August 1st, 1645, Torksey Castle was taken 
 by the Newarkers. 
 
 * Charles repaired thither from Newark, for the espe- 
 cial purpose of being present at the assault. 
 
103 
 
 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 
 
 The Scots army entered England on the 
 16th of January, 1644. After having been 
 employed in many arduous undertakings, and 
 according to their idea, but indifferently remu- 
 nerated, they began to be much out of humour. 
 Their forces had been before the city of Here- 
 ford some time, when, on a sudden, the 2nd 
 of September, 1645, they raised the siege, and 
 retired into Yorkshire; openly complaining of 
 entire neglect. 
 
 The Parliament alarmed at such prompt 
 procedure, dispatched Commissioners to them, 
 with orders, if possible to allay the ferment. 
 On the close of much debating, it was finally 
 agreed, that the sum of thirty thousand pounds 
 should be paid to them, on condition they ap- 
 
104 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 
 
 peared before Newark, upon the 1st of Nov, 
 1645; and the eastern associated counties of 
 Nottingham, Derby, Leicester and Lincoln 
 should discharge the same, at the rate of four- 
 teen thousand pounds per week. Matters 
 being thus accommodated, the siege of New- 
 ark commenced about the end of October, 
 for the Scots were certain not to be behind 
 hand in attendance, where money was stirring. 
 
 Newark was now invested in form, by a 
 numerous army of Scots and English, admira- 
 bly commanded and well supplied with stores 
 and implements of destruction fitted to the 
 purpose. The head quarters of the Scots, un- 
 der the Earl of Leven, were at Kelham, their 
 encampment, a few years since was appar- 
 ently perfect, but the plough has made some 
 encroachments, yet sufficient vestiges are re- 
 maining to point out its magnitude and regu- 
 larity. Poyntz, who had brought a large 
 force out of Cheshire, was stationed at Farn- 
 don. On the 1st of January, 1646, the 
 
 garrison made a furious sally upon his works, 
 by way of a new year's gift, and did much 
 
SIEGE THE FOURTH. 105 
 
 damage, killing above 200 men; and on the 1st 
 of April a far more effectual one. * Colonel 
 Roseter's quarters were at Balderton, Colonel 
 Henry Grey's at Winthorpe, and Colonel Tho- 
 mas Grey's at Coddington. 
 
 To this formidable array, the works sur- 
 rounding the town exhibited a bold and surly 
 defiance, whilst the Castle, frowning in super- 
 eminence, hurled destruction at pleasure, on its 
 daring opponents. Added to this gigantic struc- 
 ture, two minor fortifications were of consi- 
 derable service in annoying the approach of 
 the enemy; one of them called 
 
 THE KING'S SCONCE. 
 
 This was a very strong work raised at the 
 Spittle, a lofty house was built in its centre, 
 and the whole garrisoned by the loyal towns- 
 men, they were forn^d into a regiment, of 
 which Mr, Edward Twentyman was the first 
 Captain. This work not only keut the forces 
 
 * January 1st, and April 1st, two remarkable days. 
 
 H 
 
i06 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 
 
 under the Grey's, at Winthorpe and Codding- 
 ton, upon the alert, but occasionally played 
 upon the Scots quarter in the island, it was 
 situated on a rising ground, near to the edge 
 of the water, and a short distance from the 
 present St. Leonard's Hospital. The buildings 
 have, long since, been taken away, but the 
 remains of the fortification are still apparent 
 in two adjoining closes, the property of William 
 Handley, Esq. A wind-mill occupied by a 
 person of the name of John Clark, stands on 
 the western angle. 
 
 THE QUEEN'S SCONCE. 
 
 This remarkably bold work presents itself 
 to view, in a close adjoining the road leading 
 to Nottingham, and nearly opposite to a long 
 well known public place of resort, called the 
 Spring House \ somewhat more than half a 
 mile from the Church. Every part of the 
 fortification remains perfect. It is impossible 
 to conceive a more imposing aspect than this 
 mark of determined resistance and annoyance, 
 even now* assumes. The trench is of amazing 
 
SIEGE THE FOURTH. 17 
 
 depth, and the ascent to the works, in every 
 part, so extremely abrupt, as to bid defiance 
 if duly manned, to any attempt at dislodgment. 
 There is not the slightest tradition of it ever 
 having been carried by assault, or of the pre- 
 cise time of its formation. It completely 
 commanded the head quarters both of Poyntz, 
 at Farndon, and Roseter, at Balderton, as 
 likewise their field positions ; that of the former 
 being within a very short distance. At certain 
 times the situations of those two able generals 
 were not, by any means, enviable. Long may 
 it remain a testimony of Newark tenacity ; 
 may no avaricious, improving hand, e'er wound 
 its summit, or tear the moss grown trophy 
 from its frowning brow ! 
 
 Charles having escaped in disguise from 
 Oxford, arrived at the Kings Arms,* in South- 
 well, on Wednesday morning, May 6th, 1646. 
 Sending for the Scotch Commissioners, who 
 were then at the Palace, before dinner, they 
 dined in company at the Inn ; and in the after- 
 noon he delivered himself up to them. He 
 
 * See History of Southwell, P. 1$|. 
 
 h2 
 
108 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 
 
 was then conducted under an escort of their 
 army to Kelham, and from thence to a part of 
 the works called Edinburgh, the Earl of 
 Leven's quarters, situate a little to the eastward 
 of that village, and over apart of which lies the 
 present foot path to Newark. On the King 
 discovering himself to the Earl, he, with the 
 most flagrant hypocrisy expressed much sur- 
 prise. The King was then conducted to 
 Kelham house, under pretence of better ac- 
 comodating, and doing him the more honor, 
 but in fact to keep him close prisoner. That 
 night he was induced to sign an order to Lord 
 Bellasis for the surrender of Newark.* The 
 articles of capitulation were executed on the 
 7th, and on the same day, the Scots marched 
 
 * The letter was in the following words, 
 " Bellasis, 
 
 Such is the condition of affairs, at present, 
 that I can give no hope at all of relief, nor of better condi- 
 tions than those I sent you last night, therefore the best for 
 my service will be that you conclude upon them with all 
 expedition, the chief reason being that according to my 
 design, I am necessitated to march with the Scots army 
 this day northward, but cannot move till the agreement i* 
 
 consented to by you. 
 
 Charles Rex.** 
 
SIEGE THE FOURTH. 109 
 
 off for the north, with the King in their train j 
 they arrived at Newcastle on the Wednesday 
 following. 
 
 Nothing could equal the grief and conster- 
 nation which reigned throughout Newark, 
 when Lord Bellasis promulgated his orders, 
 the Castle was in a condition to have held out 
 several months, the loyal inhabitants were 
 chagrined beyond measure, and as Thoroton 
 reports, " the valiant Mayor, Mr. Smith * 
 urged the Governor with tears to trust God 
 and sally, rather than think of yielding the 
 town," though at that time the plague raged 
 violentlv amongst its inhabitants. It is even 
 said, the townsmen conducted by the Mayor, 
 presented themselves three several times be- 
 
 * The author of the Modern History of Newark, states 
 this circumstance to have happened during the Mayoralty of 
 Mr. Baker ; which appears to be erroneous from his own 
 list of those officers. The name of William Baker, does 
 indeed stand against the date 1646 ; but then it should be 
 recollected, that he did^not enter upon his office till Michael- 
 mas in that year, in consequence of which the surrender 
 must have taken place in the time of his predecessor Smith, 
 as Tharoto7i 9 who was a living evidence testifies. 
 
110 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 
 
 fore the Governor, assured him of their strength 
 both in provisions and ammunition, and urged 
 him on their knees, to disobey his Majesty's 
 commands. The Lord Bellasis sent the King 
 word of the resolution shewn by the loyal N^w- 
 arkers, but his Majesty commanded him, on 
 his allegiance, to obey the order. 
 
 The Articles of Capitulation ran as fol- 
 lows, — 
 
 1. That the garrison, with all the ord- 
 nance, arms and ammunition, shall be delivered 
 up to the Commissioners for the Parliament of 
 England. 
 
 2. That the Lord Bellasis, Governor, with 
 all officers, gentlemen, and clergy, shall march 
 away with their horses and swords unto any 
 garrison of the King's, not besieged, or to their 
 own houses. 
 
 3. The soldiers to have staves in their 
 hands, and their own goods, and all of them to 
 have three months time to make their peace 
 with the Parliament, or failing, to be allowed 
 passes to go beyond sea, 
 
SIEGE THE FOURTH. Ill 
 
 These articles were signed by the under- 
 named Commissioners :— • 
 
 Commissioners of both Commissioners of Lord 
 Kingdoms. Bellasis* 
 
 Alex. Popham, Marm. Darcye, 
 
 Fr. Thornhaigh, Thos. Ingram, 
 
 John Hutchinson, Ger. Neville, 
 
 Hen. Grey, Brian Palmer, 
 
 John Scott, Ant. Eyre, 
 
 Rich. Thornton, Sam. Fanshaw, 
 
 Arch. Douglas, Jonathan Atkins, 
 
 Gilb. Carr, Hugh Cartwright, 
 
 Phil. Twisleton, Ant. Gilbye, 
 
 Job. Archer. Edw. Standish. 
 
 Confirmed this 7th day of May, 1646. 
 
 J. BELLASIS. 
 
 On the very day the articles were signed, 
 the Scots marched off towards the north, 
 carrying the King with them j* they arrived 
 at Newcastle on the Wednesday following. 
 A violent clamour has been raised, about 
 duplicity practised by the Scots, in the course 
 
 * The great road to the north from London, lay at that 
 time, through Southwell. James I, on his accession, came 
 through that place. Monck in 1659 — 60, took the same 
 route. 
 
112 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 
 
 of their negociations with both parties, and 
 such expressions used, as might induce a 
 foreigner to harbour an idea, that vice, of 
 that description, was endemial only to soil 
 north of the Tweed. The Scots, are, in gene- 
 ral, a sober, steady people ; their enterprizes, 
 for the most part, are succesiful, because they 
 do not, like their wiser southern brethren, 
 arrogantly claim achievement as a right, but 
 sedulously endeavour to attain it as a reward. 
 As almost every man in the kingdom of Eng- 
 land was, at that time, a proclaimed rogue, by 
 one tongue or other, how could the Scots, who 
 certainly were applied to by both parties, act, 
 but by dealing with them as such. That they 
 lied is manifest \ but that they did it adroitly is 
 perhaps somewhat to their credit. The Par- 
 liament was greatly in arrear to them, in the 
 item of pay, they wanted a tangible pledge, 
 and well knew if they could gain possession of 
 the King's person, there was a chance of clo- 
 sing the accomptj they angled dexterously, 
 and to appearance on the surface, but it was by 
 diving underneath, the prize was obtained. 
 When taken, it was to appear the work of ac- 
 
SIEGE THE FOURTH. 113 
 
 cident, hence the affected surprise that Leven 
 expressed on Charles' discovering himself at 
 Kelham. The Parliament, when too late, dis- 
 covered they were outwitted, and were silly 
 enough to shew airs of superiority, in demand- 
 ing an account of the manner by which the 
 King came amongst them. Inw r ardly sneer- 
 ing at such blustering impotence, the Scots 
 coolly returned an answer, which, perhaps, 
 has not its equal to be found throughout the 
 rascally annals of diplomacy. They averred, 
 " That the earnest desire they had to keep a 
 right understanding between the kingdoms, 
 moved them to acquaint them with the strange 
 providence wherewith they were surprised, 
 together with their carriage and desire there- 
 upon. That the King came yesterday into 
 their army in so private a way, that after they 
 had made some search for him, upon the sur- 
 mises of some persons who pretended to know 
 his face, yet they could not find him in sundry 
 houses. That they believed their lordships 
 would think it a matter of much astonishment 
 to them, seeing they did not expect him to 
 come into any place under their power. They 
 
114 * SIEGE THE FOURTH. 
 
 conceived it not fit to enquire into the causes, 
 but to endeavour that his being here might be 
 improved for the procuring the work of uni- 
 formity, for settling religion, and attaining of 
 peace, according to the league and covenant, 
 and treaty, by the advice of the Parliaments of 
 both kingdoms, and their Commissioners au- 
 thorised to this effect. That, trusting to their 
 integrity, they were persuaded that none 
 would so far miscontrue them, as that they in- 
 tended to make use of this seeming advantage, 
 for promoting any other ends than were ex- 
 pressed in the covenant ; and had hitherto been 
 pursued by them with no less conscience than 
 care. That for further satisfaction, they did 
 ingenuously declare, that there had been no 
 treaty or capitulation betwixt his Majesty and 
 them, nor any in their names ; but that they 
 left the ways and means of peace to the Parlia- 
 ments of both kingdoms, and so far as con- 
 cerned them, as they had a witness in Heaven, 
 they were confident to make it appear, that 
 there was nothing more in their device, than 
 in all their resolutions and proceedings to ad- 
 here to the covenant and treaty. That their 
 
SIEGE THE FOURTH. 115 
 
 greatest thought should be taken up in study- 
 ing, and their utmost abilities be employed in 
 acting those things which most advanced the 
 public good and common happiness of both 
 kingdoms, wherein by the help of God, they 
 should labour to use so much tenderness and 
 care, that they hope it shall soon appear, their 
 actions were the result of honest and single in- 
 tentions. That they could not, in a matter of 
 so deep consequence, and common interest, 
 but seek their lordship's advice; for which 
 effect they had also written to the committee 
 of affairs in Scotland, with intentions to move 
 joint consent, and resolutions, that after a seed 
 time of afflictions, we might reap the sweet 
 fruits of truth and peace. 
 
 
 s 
 
 igned by 
 
 Leven, 
 
 
 • Glendowyn, 
 
 Belcarris, 
 
 
 Lothian, 
 
 Freeland, 
 
 
 Sir T. Carre, 
 
 DUMFERLING, 
 
 
 John Johnstone." 
 
 Hume, 
 
 
 
 
 Notwithstanding all this pious cant, it came 
 to pass, that on the receival of the sum of 
 
1 16 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 
 
 ^400,000, they delivered their countryman 
 into the hands of his enemies. It is true the 
 money was really their due, and credit was 
 given upon a somewhat obsolete security, as 
 England had not had a King in pawn since 
 the days of Richard I, when the time's price 
 appears to have been 100,000 marks of silver, 
 about one-sixth part of the latter sum. What 
 particular circumstances enhanced the value 
 of the commodity, is not precisely known ; but 
 about 450 years had made the difference sur- 
 prisingly great. 
 
 There were about 1800 men in the gar- 
 rison at the time of its surrender, the greater 
 part of whom disbanded themselves on march- 
 ing out; not relishing any further service. 
 
 On Monday 12th of May, 1646, the neigh- 
 bouring country was summoned to attend 
 with spades, pickaxes, shovels, hammers, and 
 other instruments of demolition ; and some of 
 the works were rendered untenable, others 
 totally levelled. Not any vestiges of the line 
 of Forts are now discoverable. 
 
SIEGE THE FOURTH. 117 
 
 LIST OF ORDNANCE, STORES, 8{c. 
 
 TAKEN IN NEWARK. 
 
 One large piece of ordnance called Sweet 
 Lips. 
 
 Eleven pieces more of large calibre. Two 
 mortars. 
 
 Several drakes and small pieces. 4000 
 stand of arms. 40 barrels of powder. 
 
 Many thousand pounds weight of bullets 
 and lead. Match and other ammunition pro- 
 portionally plentiful. 
 
 Abundance of salted provisions, in tolerable 
 preservation. Fresh meat and poultry some- 
 what scarce. 
 
 Plenty of corn, beer and wine many barrels, 
 some butter and cheese, a small quantity of 
 fuel. 
 
 The following Noblemen, Gentry and 
 others, marched out of Newark to their own 
 houses, on promise of submission to the ordi- 
 nances of parliament. 
 
118 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 
 
 NOBLEMEN. 
 
 Lord Bellasis, Governor, Lord. Lexington. 
 Davencourt. 
 
 KNIGHTS. 
 
 Sir John Burrell, Sir Philip Constable, 
 
 — Guy Palms, — Thomas Ingram, 
 
 — Charles Dallison, — Bryan Balmes, 
 
 — George Hennings, — Jarvis Neville, 
 
 — Robert Fredway — Simon Fanshaw, 
 
 — Jarvis Skroop, And some others. 
 
 DIGNIFIED CLERGYMEN. 
 
 Doctor Farmer, Chancellor of Lincoln, 
 Dean of York, 
 
 Hurst, &c. 
 
 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. 
 
 Major General Eyre, Colonel Herne, 
 
 Colonel Gilby, ■■ Darsey, 
 
 . , — Trollop, * Atkins. 
 
119 
 
 A LIST OF 
 
 NOBLEMEN AND GENTLEMEN, 
 
 Slain m his Majesty's service, 
 
 IN OR NEAR NEWARK. 
 
 Earl of Kingston * between Newark and 
 Gainsborough ; also Colonels Beton and Heme. 
 
 * The manner of this man's death was singularly re- 
 markable, and although the description borders on the 
 genteelly exploded doctrine of fatalism, is nevertheless 
 avouched by several historians of reputed veracity ; one of 
 whom writes thus " The Earle of Kingston a few months 
 stood neuter, and would not declare himselfe of either party, 
 and being a man of greate wealth and dependancies, many 
 people hung in suspence, by his example ; whereupon the 
 gentlemen of Nottingham often spoke to his sonne, to per* 
 swade his father to declare himselfe ; but he told them, he 
 knew his father's affections were firme to the parliament, 
 that he had encouraged him to join them, and promised 
 him monie to carry it on, and such like things, which he 
 continually assured them, till the collonelTs cold behaviour, 
 
120 NOBLEMEN & GENTLEMEN KILLED. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Markham of Allerton, 
 and at the same time Colonel Cavendish, near 
 Gainsborough. 
 
 and some other passages, made them at length, jealous both 
 of the father and the Sonne. Hereupon when the danger 
 grew more eminent, and my lord lay out a brave prey to the 
 enemie, they sent Captain Lomax, one of the committee, to 
 understand his affections, from himselfe, and to presse him 
 to declare for the parliament, in that so needfull season. 
 My lord professing himselfe to him rather desirous of peace, 
 and fully resolved not to act on either side, made a serious 
 imprecation on himselfe in these words ; " When," said he, 
 " I take armes with the king against the parliament, or 
 with the parliament against the king, let a cannon bullet 
 devidemebetweene them, ,, which God was pleased to bring 
 to passe a few months after; for he going into Gainsborough, 
 and there taking up armes for the king, was surprised by 
 my Lord Willoughby, and, after a handsome defence of 
 himselfe, yielded, and was put prisoner into a pinnace, and 
 sent downe the river to Hull, when my Lord Newcastle's 
 armie marching allongthe shore, shot at the pinnace, and 
 being in danger, the Earle of Kingston went up upon the 
 decks to shew himselfe, and to prevaile with them to for- 
 beare shooting ; but as soone as he appeared a cannon 
 bullett flew from the king's armie and devided him in the 
 middle, being then in the parliament's pinnace, who perished 
 according to his owne unhappie imprecation." 
 
 One account says, he was beneath the deck, when the 
 •ection was made ! 
 
NOBLEMEN & GENTLEMAN KILLED. 121 
 
 Colonel Leake, son to Lord Deyncourt, 
 who was afterwards created Lord Scarsdale. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Pavier, between New- 
 ark and Lincoln. 
 
 Colonel Stanhope, son to the Earl of Ches- 
 terfield, Governor of Shelford House, who 
 with Major Clifton, Captain John Clifton, and 
 200 others, were put to the sword on the storm- 
 ing of the place. 
 
 Colonel Ferdinando Stanhope, slain at 
 Bridgeford. 
 
 Mr. Carey, Mr. Jennings and Mr. Latham, 
 all persons of some note killed near Newark. 
 
 Captains Anthony Ord, Thomas Cole, and 
 -— Pelham, fell in the last siege. 
 
 Baron Done, allied to the Prince of Orange, 
 slain near Newark, and buried in the vault of 
 the Church. 
 
 Sir Thomas Turbtirville, Captain of the 
 King's life guards ; Sir Ingram Hopton, Sir 
 Charles Bowles, Major Thomas Whitmore, 
 Sir John Ramsey, and Captain Smith, all be- 
 longing to the garrison, were killed in differ- 
 ent engagements in the neighbourhood. 
 
122 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 A remarkable circumstance occurred in 
 the person of Mr. Gawen Rutherford, who, 
 having had 30 children by one wife, trooped 
 under his 27th child, a commander in the 
 King's forces at Newark. 
 
 " Co fjy of a Letter from the Commissioner's 
 Quarters at Newarke, relating the manner of 
 the surrender thereof to the Parliament, on 
 Friday, May VIII, 1646. 
 
 Worthy Sir, 
 
 You had in my last the copy 
 of the articles of the surrender of Newarke, 
 since which I give you this further accompte 
 of the performing what was there agreed to, it 
 being ours one day sooner than w 7 as expected 
 from them. For whereas the agreement was 
 by the Commissioners of both kingdoms for 
 the Parliament of England, the governor hath 
 bin so ready to hasten it, that yesterday (May 
 ■8,) the Lord Bellasis went to Major General 
 Poyntz to have it then surrendered, which by 
 reason of the sicknesse being so hot in New- 
 arke, he desired to hasten, as also the other 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 123 
 
 Lords and Gentlemen did much desire to be 
 speeded as much as could be, longing for their 
 enlargement, which occasioned the surrender 
 a day sooner than by the articles was agreed. 
 And truely it is become a miserable, stinking, 
 infected towne. I pray God they doe not in- 
 fect the counties and townes adjacent, which 
 is the care of the Commissioners that way be 
 taken to prevent. Yesterday the Commission- 
 ers came up to see them march out of New- 
 arke. They carryed not much out of the 
 towne, for they had but very few carriages. 
 We have gathered together four thousand 
 arms already, and there are many more, which 
 by reason of the sicknesse in divers places, the 
 officers dare not yet venter to fetch out, nor 
 make that diligent search which will afterward 
 be made, so soon as with safetie we may." 
 
 "We have taken Sweet-lips, the great gunne 
 which they much esteemed of, and eleven 
 more great pieces, two mortar pieces and divers 
 drakes and other small pieces, and forty barrels 
 of gun powder, with great store of match,* 
 bullets, and all sorts of ammunition." 
 
 i2 
 
124 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 " Those of Newarke garrison, from the 
 greatest to the least doe all of them generally 
 seem to be much discontented at their hearing 
 that the King had delivered himself up to the 
 Scots, and are much troubled at the hearing 
 of it thereof; which makes many of them to 
 repent that ever they were engaged in the 
 service, being like men in amaze at the hear- 
 ing of it. And when 800 of them had march- 
 ed out with the Lord Bellasis the Governor, 
 and it was expected that they should name to 
 what garrison, they would not nominate any 
 garrison to march to for the further service of 
 the King in the design against the Parliament." 
 
 " But as all the rest that came out of New- 
 arke, who were above one thousand more, so 
 they went away every one to their own homes; 
 so that I confess I know not where they could 
 have easily found out any garrison not besieg- 
 ed to march to, according to the articles ; so 
 they did not care to put themselves into 
 any other prison in that service in which they 
 have received so little satisfaction. The go- 
 vernour hath been very punctual and the 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 125 
 
 conditions very exactly observed. They labour 
 much to compound with the Parliament/' 
 
 "The countrie thereabouts are all summoned 
 to come in with spades, pickaxes, and other 
 necessaries on Monday next, to assist in demo- 
 lishing of the workes of Newarke, which are 
 very many, strong and formidable.* I believe 
 
 * These consisted of bastions about twenty in num- 
 ber, each connected by a curtain, they commenced at 
 the River Devon three furlongs and one perch north and 
 south from the Castle, and completely surrounded the town 
 from those points. The whole line of defence was 17 fur- 
 longs and a half, or nearly two miles and a quarter ; its 
 distance from the Queen's Sconce, was 330 yards, from the 
 centre of the Market-place to the extent towards Balderton 
 500 yards. A deep ditch ran parallel to those works, which 
 the besieged had generally the opportunity of having filled 
 with water. 
 
 The bridge over the Devon was defended by what was 
 called an iron turnpike, or kind of chevaux defrize, besides 
 which there was a strong redoubt, at the distance of a fur- 
 long, in front, on the road leading to Kelham. This, to- 
 gether with the King's and Queen's Sconces, formed the 
 whole of their out works. There had been a fort at the 
 Crankleys ; but that was now within the enemy's line of 
 circumvallation. Muskham bridge was broken down at 
 Prince Rupert's relief ; and that at Kelham was in the 
 same state, the passage being occupied by a bridge of boa^ s 
 
126 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 they will come in very joyfully to that worke 
 which tends to so much and great an ease to 
 all those parts, as they have found by wofiill 
 experience, since they felt the oppression of 
 that garrison and others, of all which they are 
 now cleare, and all will be buryed in the ruins 
 of this, which they are forthwith to levell." 
 
 " Doctor Deane, Doctor Hurst, Doctor 
 March, and divers other malignant* Clergy- 
 men were in Newarke, who with the gentrie, 
 as Alderman Atkinson, and the rest of the 
 malignant townsmen and others, are very sad 
 in the towne, so they walk away in a mourn- 
 full posture, the troublers of those parts being 
 now most troubled in their own thoughts." 
 
 "The Scots are marched northward with all 
 their whole body of horse and foot, the horse 
 march before with the King, and with them 
 Lieutenant General David Lesley. They 
 march along with great rejoycing that they 
 
 * This word is not to be understood in its literal sense ; 
 but merely as an opprobrious nickname of the time, much 
 of the same genus as the bloodites of the present day. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 12^ 
 
 have the King with them. I believe that a 
 party of horse will goe before with the King 
 toward Newcastle. They say they have dealt 
 plainly with the King since he came into their 
 army/' 
 
 " We have taken great care to prevent the 
 souldiers from plundering, though some of 
 them did very well remember how they were 
 stripped at Spittle. The Governour hath had 
 very great care of all things in Newarke, to 
 see that nothing should be embezzled, and 
 hath shewed himself very noble ; there is a 
 great change by which God hath given us 
 experience of his great power in bringing 
 down the hearts of the proud and haughty. 
 Our Commissioners have endeavoured to con- 
 tinue all unity and loving accord with the 
 Scots, who I believe will grant to have his 
 Majesty disposed of as both Kingdoms shall 
 agree, and in the mean time to remain with 
 General Leven's army, where he shall dispose 
 of him, and General Leven hath carried on all 
 things since he came to the army with great 
 wisdom and moderation, and it is said that 
 
128 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 he is much troubled what to do to please both 
 kingdoms in the matter of giving account 
 about the King/' 
 
 " Newarke is now open and free againe, 
 and the tradesmen are preparing to furnish 
 their shops, our souldiers have already bought 
 divers things of them, and the country have 
 a free market, but it cannot be expected to be 
 much whilst the sicknesse is in the towne, but 
 to God be the praise, who hath done this 
 greate work for us, to deliver this strong hold 
 of the enemies into our hands. I pray God that 
 others (so oppressed) may have the like mer- 
 cey, and peace and truth be settled among us, 
 which is the prayer of your humble servant!" 
 
 Previously to the final closing of the nar- 
 ration of those intestine commotions which 
 were extended, in a great measure, through- 
 out the Kingdom, and particularly in this 
 oounty, and also to demonstrate that the 
 numerous charges of duplicity urged against 
 the King, were not, in some instances, destitute 
 of foundation, it may not be improper to pre- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 129 
 
 sent to the view of the reader a state docu- 
 ment, which bears on its front convincing 
 proof, that power illegally exerted, will stoop 
 to any meanness whatsoever to perpetuate its 
 sway. 
 
 Upon the dissolution of Charles' second 
 Parliament in the year 1626, supplies being 
 withheld, a royal proclamation was had re- 
 course to, whereby all his subjects were requi- 
 red to contribute towards the exigencies of the 
 state, as they were called, according to the 
 same proportion, in which the former Parlia- 
 ment had granted subsidies. In order to raise 
 these contributions, commisssoners were ap- 
 pointed under the privy seal for every county, 
 to whom public instructions were dispatched 
 for the levying the different quotas, which 
 levies were declared to be " not the subsidies 
 intended to be given by parliament ; but a free 
 gift from the subject to the sovereign, upon 
 weighty and pressing occasions of the state." 
 Coupled with these public instructions, which 
 were very generally distributed, there were as 
 many private ones issued, as there were com- 
 
130 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 missioners in England ; every commissioner of 
 a county receiving a copy of each. 
 
 The following is a transcript of the Private 
 Instructions, addressed to the commissioners 
 for the County of Nottingham, entituled 
 " Instructions which his Majestie's commis- 
 sioners for the loan of money to his Majestie 
 throughout the kingdom are exactly and 
 effectually to observe and follow. 
 
 LONDON . 
 
 Printed by Bouham Norton and John Bill, Printers to 
 the King's most excellent Majestie, 1626. 
 
 Instructions which our commissioners for 
 the loan of money unto us, in our town of Not- 
 tingham, are exactly and effectually to observe 
 and follow. 
 
 CHARLES R. 
 
 First. With all speed, after the receit of 
 this our commission, yee shall assemble your- 
 selves together, and upon conference and 
 advice between yourselves, yee shall determine 
 in what manner yee will proceed to the ex- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 131 
 
 ecution of this our commission in the several 
 parts and divisions of this our towne. And 
 before your parting from this first place and 
 time of your meeting, yee shall yourselves, 
 for a good example to others, lend unto us 
 these several summes of money which are 
 hereby required of you to be lent, testified by 
 the writing of your names with oure hands, 
 that when yee shall in oure name require 
 others to lend, they shall discern your own 
 forwardnes, and that yee doe not moove others 
 to that which yee forbeare to doe yourselves ; 
 the Lords and others of our privie councell 
 attending our person having already done the 
 same, by the subscription of every of their 
 names. And, before your parting, yee shall 
 cause so many of those of that town to appear 
 before yee, and proceed with them according 
 to these our commissions and instructions. 
 
 Secondly. And because we would ex- 
 pedite this service, and ease yee of importu- 
 nitie, and leave no way to the partiall informa- 
 tion of others, in the under or over valuation 
 of men's estates (which is often subject to 
 
132 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c 
 
 much errour) we have thought this to be the 
 most indifferent and equall way of conjectu- 
 ring at every man's ability to lend, by taking 
 those rates for our guide, at which they were 
 assessed in the books of the last subsidie, and 
 to require the loane of so much money only, 
 as the entire rate and value comes unto, at 
 which they are there rated and set; as namely, 
 hee that is set at one hundred pounds in lands, 
 to lend us one hundred pounds in money ; and 
 so after that rate for a more or lesse sum me ; 
 and hee that is set at one hundred pounds in 
 goods to lend us one hundred markes; * and 
 he that is set at ten pounds in goods to lend us 
 twenty nobles ; f and so pro rata for a greater 
 or lesser summe. And where there are two 
 bearers or contributors, they shall assist the 
 subsidie man. 
 
 Thirdly. When yee shall have agreed 
 betweene yourselves of the several daies and 
 places of your sittings, and which of yee shall 
 attend it at every place of your meetings in 
 
 * £ 66. 13s, 4d. f £ 6. 13*. 4d. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 133 
 
 the several parts of the towne (which wee 
 would have you to appoint as speedily as may 
 be, and to attend without intermission) yee 
 shall send your warrants under your hands, or 
 under the hands of two of yee at the least, to 
 the high constables, petty constables, and 
 other officers, of and in those several divisions, 
 personally to warne all such persons who were 
 assessed for the last subsidie, or to leave each 
 warning in writing at their dwelling houses, 
 that they fail not to give yee the meeting at 
 the times and places appointed by yee, and 
 that those officers to whom your warrants are 
 directed, fail not to give an account to yee of 
 their service therein. And such as have been 
 warned, and do not appear before yee at the 
 time and place appointed, yee shall send for by 
 warrant, and bind them over to appear before 
 the Lords and others of our privie councell. 
 
 Fourthly. That at every of those meet- 
 ings, when there is a convenient number as- 
 sembled, yee shall use all possible endeavours 
 to cause every of them willingly and cheerfully 
 to lend these summesunto us, opening to them 
 
134 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 the necessitie and unavoidablenesse of this 
 course, and setting before them, that our 
 honour, the reputation of the nation, the true 
 religion, and common safety of us and oure 
 people, and oure friends and allies, are all en- 
 gaged in the common cause; that there is now 
 no time for disputing but of acting that which 
 concerns oure common defence, and assuring 
 them, that this course which is at this time 
 enforced by necessitie, and to which no ordi- 
 narie rules of law can be prescribed, shall not 
 be drawn into example or precedent. 
 
 Fifthly. That if yee shall meete with any 
 objections or scruples raised, which may be 
 impediments to this our service, that yee use all 
 diligence to remove them, and satisfie them ; 
 and if any shall object or whisper, that if this 
 way of raysing money take place, then no Par- 
 liament shall hereafter be called; then ye satis- 
 fie such, that the suddeness and importance of 
 the occasions are such, as cannot possibly admit 
 of that delay, which the summoning, assem- 
 bling, and resolutions of a parliament do neces- 
 sarily draw with it; and that it is farre from 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 135 
 
 <mre heart to make any such use of the love of 
 oure people; but wee are fully purposed to call 
 a parliament as soon as Jitly wee may, and as 
 often as the commonwealth and state occasions 
 shall require it ; and that by their affections 
 shewed unto us in this way of necessitie, they 
 shall sooner invite us to the frequent use of 
 parliaments, being confident in the hearts of 
 oure people. 
 
 Sixthly. That yee appoint the daies of 
 payment of the summes of money to be lent 
 unto us, to be within fourteen daies, and per- 
 suade such as shall bee able, to pay it at one 
 entire payment, the better to accommodate 
 oure great occasions, which are present and 
 pressing; but to such as in your good dis- 
 cretion yee shall thinke it more convenient, 
 yee may accept of one half at fourteen daies, 
 and the other half to be payed within three 
 months after the fourteen daies. 
 
 Seventhly. That yee treat apart with 
 
 every one of those who are to lend unto us, and 
 
 ot in the presence or hearing of any others. 
 
136 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 unlesse yee see cause to the contrary in your 
 good discressions; and as every one giveth 
 consent, that yee cause him or her to set his 
 or her name or mark to a booke, roll, or liste 
 to bee made by yee, testyfying their assent 
 with a marke or distinction for the times of 
 payment accorded unto; and if yee shall find 
 any , who either shall denie to lend unto us, or 
 shall make delays or excuses, let them know 
 they thereby incur oure high displeasure ; and if 
 they persist in their obstinacie notwithstanding 
 that, then yee shall examine such person upon 
 oath, whether he hath been dealt withall, per- 
 suaded or practised with, to denie or refuse to 
 lend, or to make excuse for his not lending, 
 who hath so dealt with him, and what speeches 
 or persuasions he or they have used, tending to 
 that purpose : and yee shall also charge every 
 such person in oure name, upon his allegiance 
 not to disclose to any one ivhat his answer was : 
 and if any shall refuse to lend, or refuse to take 
 this oath, yee shall bind him over to appear 
 before us, or oure privie councell, to answer 
 his contempt. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 137 
 
 Eighthly. Yee shall shew your own affec- 
 tions and zeal to this businesse and to oure 
 service, in your ejfectuall dealing with all men 
 freely and cheerfully to runne in this course, 
 and in using your powers, favors and credits 
 which every of yee have in the town, amongst 
 the gentlemen, freeholders and others, * to 
 advance this businesse, that it may come off 
 cheerfully and roundly. And that yee your- 
 selves by any means discover not any coldnesse 
 or unwillingnesse to the service, whereby any 
 others to their discouragement may gather 
 that you have no hearte to the worke, although 
 for form's sake you must take it upon you, 
 being employed therein : but that in your own 
 persons yee heartily and really intended it as 
 a worke of infinite importance to oure service, 
 and the service and safety of the common- 
 wealth. 
 
 * How happened it, that the Clergy were not attended 
 to in this momentous business ? it is certain they could not 
 be overlooked by reason of their poverty or insignificance, 
 even in those days ; nor must it be supposed, for the 
 honor of the cloth, it was intended to wrap them up in the 
 tailpiece of an order, with the " others." 
 
138 DOCILWENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 Ninthly. That in your treating with your 
 neighbours, about this businesse, yee shew 
 your own discretions and affections, by making 
 choice of such to begin with, who are likely to 
 give the best examples ; and when yee have a 
 competente number of hands to the roll or liste 
 of the lenders, that yee shew the same to others 
 as they come before yee, to lead them to lend in 
 like manner. 
 
 Tenthly. Yee shall observe and discover 
 by all good wayes and means, whether any, 
 publiquely or underhand, be workers or per- 
 swaders of other's dissent or dislike to this 
 course, or to hinder the good disposition of 
 others to lend to us ; and as much as yee may 
 yee shall hinder all discourses about it : and 
 yee shall certifie oure privie councell in wri- 
 ting of the names, qualities and dwelling places 
 of all such refractory persons with all speed, 
 and especially if yee shall discover any combi- 
 nation or confederacie against these oure 
 proceedings. 
 
 Eleventhly. Yee shall let all men know 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 139 
 
 whom it shall concern, that we are well pleas- 
 ed upon lending- of these summes required, 
 to remit all that, which by letter in oure name 
 was desired, upon the late benevolence, as a 
 free gift ; and if any have already payd to oure 
 use any such summe, that the same be accept- 
 ed for so much, as in part of this loane ; and if 
 it exceed that summe desired to be lent, that 
 the overplus shall be repaid unto them with- 
 out fee or charge ; and in like sort, where it 
 shall be equall, no further summe shall then 
 be required. 
 
 Twelfthly. Likewise if, sithence the 
 last parliament, any have received privie seales, 
 oure pleasure is, that if they have not yet payd 
 any moneies thereupon, that they, agreeing to 
 the loane of the summe required, be excused 
 of the payment of the privie seales ; and if they 
 have already payd into oure exchequer, or to 
 \ any collector, or to oure use, any such summes 
 of money upon those privie seales ; if the same 
 be lesse than the money now desired to be 
 lent, it shall be accepted in part of payment 
 thereof, if it be more, that the surplussage 
 
 k2 
 
 li 
 
140 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 thereof, upon demaund shall be repayd with- 
 out fee or other charge ; and in like sort, where 
 the privie seale shall be equall with the sum me 
 hereby desired to be lent, then the privie seale 
 to be accepted for the loane ; and these oure 
 instructions, together with your certificate 
 thereof, shall be a sufficient warrant for the 
 same. 
 
 Thirteenthly. If yee either know or find 
 any able person not set in the last subsidie, 
 that yee deal with every such inhabitant in the 
 same manner, and according to the same pro- 
 portion, as is held with other subsidie men, 
 according to your judgments and best discre- 
 tions ; and insert their names and summes in 
 the said booke, roll, or liste, amongst the others 
 of them ; but you are not to admit of any suit 
 to be made , or any reasons to be given for the 
 abating of any summes, the time and the instant 
 occasions not admitting of any such dispute, 
 which would disturb and protract the service ; 
 but where you shall find povertie and disa- 
 bilitie, there to use a discretion when it comes 
 to be collected, 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 141 
 
 Folrteenthly. That yee appoint such 
 and so many fit and able persons to be collect- 
 ors of the summes of money within this towne 
 as yee shall think e fit, and of whom yee shall 
 take good bonds for the true paiement of the 
 summes they shall receive, the collectors are 
 to pay the moneys into the receit of oure ex- 
 chequer, tvithont fee or reward, to be paid by 
 them within fourteen daies after the receit 
 thereof; and as soone as yee shall have finish- 
 ed this service (which we require yee to per- 
 forate with all possible diligence and speed) 
 yee are to certifie unto our privie councell the 
 names of the collectors (who shall have such 
 allowance made unto them by the Lord Trea- 
 surer as shall be fit) and the names and summes 
 of the several persons who thus shall lend unto 
 us, together with the said booke, roll, or liste 
 thereof. 
 
 Fifteenthly. Yee shall deliver to every 
 collector, nominated by yee, a perfect tran- 
 script under your hands, or under the hands of 
 two of yee, of the names and summes of every 
 person promising and undertaking to lend unto 
 
142 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, Ac. 
 
 us, and the collector who receiveth the moneys, 
 shall upon the receit thereof, deliver an acquit- 
 tance for the same, or so much as he receiveth, 
 which shall be a sufficient warrant for the re- 
 payment thereof unto the lender,* and a suffici- 
 ent testimonie that he hath paid the same 5 
 and every such collector, within the fourteene 
 daies before limited, is to pay in the moneys 
 within his collection as aforesaid, or return in 
 under his hand, in writing, the names of all 
 such as refused, or neglected to pay unto him 
 the summes expressed, f 
 
 Sixteenthly. And if any of the commis- 
 sioners shall be absent from the execution of 
 this service (which we hope will not be) that 
 the rest of yee the commissioners certijie their 
 names ivho shall make such default ; as also 
 the names of all such who upon these summons 
 doe not come and attend yee. 
 
 * By whom, at what time, or from what source ? A 
 kind of Falstaff security. 
 
 •j* Schedules of defaulters are not quite so modern, as 
 may have been imagined. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 143 
 
 Seventeenth ly And we do hereby ex- 
 plane and declare that the charge given by 
 the said commission, or by these oure instruc- 
 tions upon faith and allegiance, to attend this 
 service, be not meant or extended to any of 
 oure privie councell, for that they are dailie 
 employed otherwise in oure service. Nor to 
 any Peere of the realme not resident in the 
 county where he is named a commissioner : 
 nor to any other, that by oure special direction 
 is otherwise employed in oure service. And 
 that oure instructions wee require and com- 
 mand yee upon your faith and allegiance to 
 us, to keep secret to yourselves, and not impart 
 or disclose the same to any others. 
 
 These instructions for the ease of transcri- 
 bing, and the speedier dispatch are ordered to 
 be printed, but no more copies to be made or 
 taken than shall be delivered to the commission- 
 ers, upon dividing themselves into several 
 parts of the county for execution of the com- 
 mission." 
 
 The date of these precious directions is 
 
144 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 sixteen years previous to Charles erecting his 
 standard at Nottingham, (August 22nd, 1642,) 
 during which interval every artifice that fraud 
 could suggest was practised, for the purpose 
 of obtaining money, without the trouble of a 
 Parliament. Arms were, at length, resorted 
 to, the result of which is well known. 
 
 A short time before the civil war actually 
 commenced, the Monarch made a progress 
 through a great part of the Kingdom, and at 
 the county towns and other principal places, 
 appealed to the feelings and loyalty of his peo- 
 ple. The following specimen is extracted 
 from Reliquiae Sacrce Carolina, printed at 
 the Hague in 1648. 
 
 " His Majesties Speech to the Knights, 
 Gentlemen, and Freeholders of the County of 
 Nottingham, at Newark, July 4th, 1642. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Your honest resolutions and 
 affections to me and your Countrey, for the 
 defence of my person and the Laws of the 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 145 
 
 land, have been, and are so notable, that they 
 have drawn me hither onely to thank you : 
 I go to other places to confirm and undeceive 
 my subjects, but am come here onely to thank 
 and encourage you. You have made the best 
 judgement of happiness, by relying on that 
 foundation, which the experience of so many 
 hundred years hath given such proof of. The 
 assurance and security of the law : and assure 
 yourselves, when laws shall be 'altered by any 
 other authority, than that by w T hich they were 
 made, your foundations are destroyed : and 
 though it seems, at first, but to take away my 
 power, it will quickly swallow all your inter- 
 est ; I ask nothing of you, (though your de- 
 meanor gives me good evidence that you are 
 not willing to deny) but to preserve your own 
 affection to the religion and laws established ; 
 I will justify and protect those affections, and 
 will live and die with you in that quarrel." 
 

 146 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 LETTER. 
 
 " The Queen to the King, June 17, 1643, 
 Newark.* 
 
 My dear heart, 
 
 I received, just now, yours by my 
 Lord Savile, who found me ready to go away, 
 staying but for one thing, for which you will 
 well pardon one day's stop, it is to have Hull 
 and Lincoln ; young Hotham having been put 
 in prison by order of Parliament, is escaped, 
 and has sent to 260 f that he will cast himself 
 into his arms, and that Hull and Lincoln should 
 be rendred; he is gone to his father, and 260 
 writes for your answer, so that I shall go hence 
 Friday or Saturday, and shall go lie at Wer- 
 ton % and from thence to Ashby, where we 
 wili resolve which way to take, and I will stay 
 there a day, because the march of the day be- 
 fore, will have been somewhat great, and also 
 to know how the enemy marches ; all their 
 forces of Nottingham at present, being gone to 
 
 * Vid. Reliquiae Sacrae. 
 
 f Some person designated by that number. 
 
 X Wiverton house. 
 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 147 
 
 Leicester and Darhy, which makes us believe, 
 that it is to intercept our passage ; as soon as 
 we have resolved, I will send you word, at this 
 present, I think it fit to let you know the state 
 in which we march, and what I leave behind 
 me for the safety of Lincolnshire and Notting- 
 hamshire ; I leave 2000 foot, and wherewithal! 
 to arm 500 more ; 20 companies of horse, all 
 this to be under Charles Cavendish, whom the 
 gentlemen of the country have desired me not to 
 carry ivith me, against his will, for he desired 
 extreamely not to go. The enemies have left 
 within Nottingham, 1000. I carry with me 
 3000 foot, 30 companies of horse and dragoons, 
 6 pieces of cannon, and 2 morters. Harry 
 Jermin commands the forces which go with 
 me, as Colonell of my Guard, and Sir Alexan- 
 der Lesley the foot, under him, and Gerard the 
 horse, and Robin Legge the artillery ; and her 
 She-Majesty Generalissima, and extreamely 
 diligent with 150 wagons of baggage to govern 
 in case of battle, have a care that no troop of 
 Essex his army incommodate us ; for I hope 
 that for the rest we shall be strong enough, for 
 at Nottingham we have had the experience. 
 
148 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 one of our troops having beaten six of theirs, 
 and made them fly. I have received your pro- 
 clamation or declaration, which I wish had not 
 been made, being extreamly disadvantageous 
 for you, for you shew too much feare and do 
 not what you had resolved upon. Farewell 
 my dear Heart. 
 
 The Queen to the King, 17th June, 1643." 
 
 As to the speech, it certainly reflects very 
 high honour on the inhabitants of the county 
 of Nottingham, whether it was given for value 
 received or not. 
 
 A vein of pleasantry is displayed in the let- 
 ter, which shews the queen, notwithstanding 
 her dissipated education, had not an over por- 
 tion of fear mixed up in her composition.* 
 
 * An anecdote is related of her Majesty, which clearly 
 shews, that she could be very agreeable, very polite and 
 very sarcastic. During her stay at Newark, she treated the 
 ladies of the place and neighbourhood in the most courteous 
 and affable manner. When an express arrived containing 
 orders for an immediate change of situation, being about 
 to quit the town, the females pressed her strongly to continue 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 149 
 
 There appears to have been a striking resem- 
 blance in disposition between Henrietta of 
 France and Margaret of Anjon, making- some 
 allowance for the progress of civilization. Had 
 the former lived a couple of centuries before, 
 no doubt she would have been found reeking 
 in the field of carnage. Both had complete as- 
 cendancy over their husbands, and both, if not 
 woefully slandered, similarly rewarded them ; 
 both husbands died miserably, and both widow T s 
 were thrown back upon their own country 
 
 in the place till her forces had taken Nottingham. The 
 Queen replied, that she was under the command of the 
 King, and must, forthwith, march according to his direc- 
 tions, to another place ; hut although she could not, con- 
 sistently with her duty, comply with their request, she, by 
 her obedience, would set them an example, to obey their 
 husbands. 
 
 There is not the least doubt but great would be the 
 store of pouting, amongst these septuple-ruff'd ladies, on 
 their receiving this high seasoned repartee ; unquestionably, 
 Henrietta had discovered symptoms of lurking resistance 
 to connubial authority, otherwise, it could not have been 
 considered in any other light than point blank insult. How 
 different are the present times, to those of yore; the idea is 
 now totally obsolete. Who, in these days, presumes to 
 think of such a thing as disobedience, in Newark wives, 
 
 '■\ to the bare requests of their husbands ? 
 
150 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 for a maintenance. An inference may be 
 drawn from these premises, that it is not quite 
 so ivell for ladies to step beyond the orbit of 
 their sphere, as the precinct of its periphery, 
 like that of the magic circle, is studded with 
 fiends, who anxiously watch the moment of 
 aberration, to whirl them to destruction. The 
 influence of foreign tuition may be advanced 
 in extenuation of apparent levity in both the 
 Queens, as is admitted in the case of Anna 
 Boleyn, for English decorum sometimes bor- 
 ders too closely upon prudery; but Henri- 
 etta must either have been an audacious 
 character, or wholly innocent. If she had ac- 
 tually been an adultress, would she have men- 
 tioned Charles Cavendish, in her letter to her 
 husband, in the way she did ? No, hen-pecked 
 as Charles was, he never could have pocketed 
 that insult. It is therefore charitable to con- 
 clude, bringing the stupid acerbity of the times 
 fairly into the accompt, that " trifles light as 
 air" were condensed into gross and palpable 
 guilt. Peace to her manes, be is as it may; 
 she is gone to her audit long since; and if 
 she really did covet her husband's servant, 
 a parallel case may be found upon record. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 151 
 
 The character of Charles has, perhaps, been 
 as variously delineated as any monarch what- 
 soever ; political enthusiasm has, on one side, 
 exalted him to the throne of martyrdom, whilst 
 the like prejudice has, on the other, degraded 
 him below a demon. As a man he was liable 
 to the frailties of human nature. As a king, 
 he lived in a time, and under circumstances, 
 peculiarly trying. Had Henrietta and himself 
 been placed in the middle, or even knver class 
 of society, they would have experienced do- 
 mestic comfort. He was chaste, temperate, 
 and religious; his personal courage is not to 
 be doubted; but he was deficient in that bold- 
 ness, that promptitude of decision, requisite to 
 secure success in exigency. The lofty ideas 
 of prerogative, and that sneaking political 
 meanness, stiled by his driveling father, king- 
 craft, were the innate causes of his grosser 
 errors. He has been charged with duplicity, 
 and incontrovertible proofs adduced in support 
 of that charge ; but every man, who has had 
 much intercourse with the world, knows but 
 too truly, that cases may occur, wherein sheer 
 honesty is not, by any means, a match for 
 
152 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 fraud; and, however repugnant it may be to 
 the honest heart, to swerve from the strict line 
 of rectitude, yet, as a matter of pure self de- 
 fence, a slight deviation becomes, in some 
 degree, unavoidable. That Charles stooped 
 to acts, as a monarch, which he would in- 
 dignantly have spurned at as a man, is fairly to 
 be presumed, by his general mode of conduct. 
 As to the querulous whining about evil court- 
 sellors, in matters of mere moral honesty, such 
 trumpery is derogatory to a man in any station, 
 much more so in the dignified one held by 
 Charles. The hackneyed court axiom that " a 
 king can do no wrong/ 9 is not an enviable com- 
 pliment paid to royalty; the human being w T ho 
 is incapable of doing wrong, ranks very low 
 indeed in the scale of his species. It may 
 be said, the meaning is, that the ministers of a 
 king are answerable in their own persons for 
 the consequences of whatever ill advice they 
 may give to their master, then why not fairly 
 say so at the first, why thus endeavour to raise 
 a man above human nature, or level him with 
 an idiot. It will ever be found, in violent 
 quarrels of any description j blame, to some 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 153 
 
 extent, attaches to either party; in fine, al- 
 though the fate of the son of James is much 
 to be pitied ; yet the punishment of the King 
 of England cannot honestly be deplored. 
 
 Having, in a former page given a specimen 
 of the Queen's ability in epistolary correspond- 
 ence, and, as a proof of the sincere affection, 
 and implicit confidence placed in her by her 
 husband, it may not be displeasing to the 
 reader on the close of this subject, to be put 
 into possession of a copy of a letter from the 
 King to his Consort, and that too after a courtly 
 union of eighteen years had subsisted. 
 
 At the fatal battle of Naseby, where the 
 royal army was irremediably defeated, amongst 
 the opima spolia, the King's cabinet fell into 
 the hands of his enemies, this contained, besides 
 other things of higher importance, the private 
 letters which had passed between him and the 
 Queen, these, to their eternal disgrace a com- 
 mittee of parliament made public. 
 
 ?, 
 
154 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 " To the Queen, February 13th, 1643. 
 
 Dear Heart, 
 
 1 never till now knew the good 
 of ignorance, for I did not know the danger 
 thou wert in by the storm, before I had certain 
 assurance of thy happy escape ; we have had a 
 pleasing false report, of thy safe landing at 
 Newcastle ; which thine of the 19th of Jan. so 
 confirmed us in, that we, at least were not 
 undeceived of that hope, till we knew certainly 
 how great a danger thou hast past, of which 
 I shall not be out of apprehension, until I may 
 have the happiness of thy company, for indeed 
 I think it not the least of my misfortunes, that 
 for my sake thou hast runne so much hazard ; 
 in which thou hast exprest so much love to me, 
 that I confesse it is impossible to repay, by any 
 thing I can do, much less by words ; but my 
 heart being full of affection for thee, and im- 
 patient passion of gratitude to thee, I could 
 not but say something, leaving the rest to be 
 read by thee, out of thine own noble heart. 
 The intercepting of mine to thee of the 23rd of 
 January, has bred great discourse in several 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 155 
 
 persons, and of several kinds, as my saying I 
 was persecuted for places, is applyed to all, 
 and not only those that I there name to be 
 suitors ; whereas the truth is, I meant thereby 
 the importunity of others, whom at that time 
 I had not time to name, as well as some there 
 mentioned : for I confess 174 * and 133 are 
 not guilty of that fault ; some find fault with 
 too much kindness to thee (thou mayst easily 
 vote from what constellation that comes) but 
 I assure such that I want expression, not will, 
 to do it ten times more to thee on all occasions; 
 others presse me as being brought upon the 
 stage; but I answer, that having profest to have 
 thy advice, it were a wrong to thee to do any 
 thing before I had it. As for our treaty 
 (leaving the particulars to this inclosed) I am 
 confident thou wilt be content with it, as con- 
 cerning my part in it, for all the souldiers are 
 well pleased with what I have done, but expect 
 no cessation of arms, for the lower house will 
 have none without a disbanding, and I will not 
 disband till all be agreed: Lastly, for our 
 
 * See, Letter P. 14(i, 
 
 l2 
 
156 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 Military affairs, I thank God that here, and in 
 the west, they prosper well ; as for the north, 
 I refer thee to 226. 140. information; so dayly 
 expecting and praying for good news from 
 thee, &c. A true copy. 
 
 Zouche Tate. 
 
 Copy to my Wife \Ztti Feb. 1643. 
 
 Oxford, 13th Feb. 1643." 
 
 As not any document whatsoever which 
 reflects honor on the town of Newark, ought 
 to be omitted, in a work of this kind, the 
 following letter, though perhaps somewhat 
 deficient in point of chronological order may 
 be deemed^ in some degree, a curiosity. It 
 appears to have been written soon after the 
 relief of the town by Price Rupert, as before 
 reported. 
 
 "King Charles the Jirst of blessed and glori- 
 ous memory, his gracious letter to the Corpora- 
 tion, promising a neiu Charter for the increase 
 of the privileges of the town. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 157 
 
 Charles R. 
 
 Trustie and well beloved wee 
 greet you, as wee must acknowledge the great 
 blessing of God in the reliefe and preservation 
 of that our towne from the Rebells, by the 
 seasonable arrivall of our forces under the 
 prosperous command of our deare Nephew 
 Prince Rupert, so wee are very sensible of your 
 singular care and courage in the defence of 
 that place till your succour came, which wee 
 assure you wee shall alwaies remember to your 
 advantage. And wee require you to let all those 
 officers and gentlemen who with industry and 
 courage have assisted you in this great service 
 know that wee shall take very particular 
 notice of their severall affections, and hope in 
 due time, in some degree, to reward them. 
 And for that corporation itself which did so 
 early and hath so constantly given such eminent 
 testimony of their affection and loyalty to us in 
 this so general a defection, you shall let our 
 Maior, Aldermen and Inhabitants of that our 
 good towne know, that wee will give them 
 some such signall of our extraordinary accept- 
 ance and value of their duty as may be an 
 
158 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 evidence to the whole kingdom thereof. In 
 the meane time wee would have them send 
 us a copie of their Charter, * that wee may 
 upon view thereof make such additions of 
 grace, favour, and advantage to them, as may 
 be most convenient for them : And in the pre- 
 amble of the same leave a monument to pos- 
 terity of their faithful and loyall demeanour, 
 wee having a greater sense of their merritt 
 towards us than we can express. And so wee 
 bid you farewell. Given at our court at 
 Oxford, the 26th day of March, 1644. 
 
 By his Majesty's command, 
 George Digby. 
 To our trustie and well beloved 
 Sir Richard Biron, Knight Go- 
 vernor of ourTowne of Newarke." 
 
 It so happened that the promising Monarch 
 found not an opportunity of redeeming his 
 pledge ; his son Charles II. not in the least 
 moved thereunto by gratitude, for the numer- 
 ous and severe hardships the place had under- 
 
 * Granted by Charles in the second year of his reign. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 159 
 
 gone, on behalf of the royal cause j but at the 
 humble petition of the Mayor and Aldermen, 
 did renew the charter of his father, and made 
 several additions thereunto ; yet even this was 
 not done till the year 1677? seventeen years 
 after his restoration, and not a single word 
 contained in the preamble thereof, to stand " as 
 a monument to posterity of their faithful and 
 loyal demeanour. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 A difference of opinion has prevailed as to 
 the day on which the Town and Castle of New- 
 ark surrendered to the Scots, some holding 
 the 8th, and others the 9th of May. The let- 
 ter from the Commissioner's quarters, seems 
 decidedly in favor of the former, it is dated 
 the 8th and goes so far as to particularize the 
 day of the week (Friday) ; but if Friday were 
 the 8th, what is stated in Doctor Hudson's 
 confessions, and Doctor Stukely's letter to 
 Noah Wood, concerning the arrival of Charles 
 at Southwell, on Tuesday May 6th, must be 
 erroneous; and, probably, from thisjrregularity 
 
160 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 the two above mentioned opinions have been 
 formed. 
 
 It appears evident, from all accounts the 
 public are in possession of, that the busi- 
 ness was very much hurried, greatly more so 
 than could rationally be supposed had Charles 
 remained three days at Kelham ; but the real 
 fact is, he came there on the evening of one 
 day and left it on the next. 
 
 The 6th of May, 1646, did not fall on 
 Tuesday 9 but Wednesday, (as may be proved 
 by running down the intermediate Cycles to 
 the present time) Charles, therefore, after 
 dining with the Commissioners at the King's 
 Arms, at Southwell, went on the Wednesday 
 evening with them to Kelham ; an order was 
 obtained that night for the surrender of the 
 Castle; the capitulation was confirmed by 
 Lord Bellasis on Thursday the 7th, and im- 
 mediately after, the Scots broke up for the 
 north ; so that Charles returned to Southwell, 
 on the Thursday evening. That he was there 
 on Friday the 8th, is manifest from a message 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 161 
 
 sent by him to the parliament, inserted in 
 Beliquice Sacrce, which runs as follows; — 
 
 " His Majesties Messuage of May \§th 9 * 
 1646, from Southwell; concerning his fur- 
 ther concessions for the obtaining of Peace." 
 
 C. R. 
 
 His Majesty having understood from both 
 his houses of Parliament, that it was not safe 
 for him to come to London (whither he had 
 purposed to repair, if so he might, by their 
 advice to do whatsoever may be best for the 
 good and peace of these Kingdoms) until he 
 shall first give his consent to such propositions 
 as were to be presented to him from them : 
 And being certainly informed, that the armies 
 were marching so fast up to Oxford, and made 
 that no fit place for treating, did resolve to 
 withdraw himself hither, onely to secure his 
 own person, and with no intention to continue 
 this War any longer, or to make any division 
 
 * This book was printed at the Hague, where the New 
 Style then obtained, which accounts for the difference of 
 ten day?. 
 
162 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 
 
 between his two Kingdoms, but to give such 
 contentment to both, as, by the blessing of 
 God, he might see a happy and well grounded 
 peace, thereby to bring prosperity to these 
 Kingdoms, answerable to the best times of his 
 progenitors." 
 
 " And since the settling of Religion ought 
 to be the chiefest care of all councels, his 
 Majesty most earnestly and heartily recom- 
 mends to his two houses of Parliament, all the 
 ways and means possible for speedy finishing 
 this pious and necessary work; and particular- 
 ly, that they take the advice of the divines of 
 both Kingdoms, assembled at Westminster" 
 
 "Likewise concerning the Militiaoi England, 
 for securing his people against all pretensions 
 of danger, his Majesty is pleased to have it 
 settled as it was offered at the Treaty at Ux- 
 bridge, all the persons being to be named for 
 the trust by the two houses of the Parliament 
 of England, for the space of seven years ; and 
 after the expiring of that term, that it be re- 
 gulated as shall be agreed upon by his Majesty 
 and his two houses of Parliament." 
 
DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 163 
 
 '* And the like for the Kingdom of Scotland." 
 
 " Concerning the Wars in Ireland, his Majesty 
 will do whatsoever is possible for him, to give 
 full satisfaction therein. " 
 
 " And if these be not satisfactory, his Majesty 
 then desires that all such of the propositions 
 as are already agreed upon by both Kingdoms, 
 may be speedily sent unto him ; his Majesty 
 being resolved to comply with his Parliament 
 in every thing that shall be for the happiness 
 of his subjects, and for the removing of all 
 unhappy differences, which have produced so 
 many sad effects," 
 
 "His Majesty having made these offers, he 
 will neither question the thankful acceptance 
 of them ; nor doth he doubt but his two King- 
 doms will be careful to maintain him in his 
 honour, and in his just and lawful rights, which 
 is the onely way to make a happy composure 
 of these unnatural divisions. And likewise will 
 think upon a solid way of conserving the peace 
 between the two Kingdoms for the time t# 
 
164 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &e. 
 
 come. And will take a speedy course for 
 easing and quieting his afflicted people, by 
 satisfying the publlck debts, by disbanding of 
 all armies, and whatsoever else shall be judged 
 conducible to that end ; that so all hinderance 
 being removed, he may return to his Parliament 
 with mutual comfort. 
 
 Southwell, May 18th, 1646. 
 
 POSTSCRIPT. 
 
 His Majesty being desirous to shun the 
 further effusion of blood, and to evidence his 
 real intentions to Peace, is willing that his 
 forces in and about Oxford be disbanded, and 
 the fortifications of the city dismantled, they 
 receiving honorable conditions. Which being 
 granted to the town and forces there, his Ma- 
 jesty will give the like order to the rest of the 
 garrisons. 
 
 For the Speaker of the House 
 of Peers, pro tempore, to be 
 communicated to the two houses 
 of Parliament at Westminster, 
 and the Commissioners of the 
 Parliament of Scotland. 
 
 
165 
 
 PRESENT STATE OF THE CASTLE, 
 
 The only parts remaining of this once stu- 
 pendous edifice, are the whole of the western 
 side and part of the northern. Any attempt 
 to carry its antiquity higher than the time 
 of Stephen is fruitless; as will be fully demon- 
 strated. It is not improbable that the erection. 
 was begun in the reign of Henry I. for in 1138, 
 (3 Steph.) Alexander " had built the Castle of 
 Newark/' and this was only nine years pre- 
 vious to the death of that Prelate, which 
 happened in 1147. Not much above half a 
 century had elapsed since the Norman advent,, 
 and the innovations, in architecture, introduced 
 by those depredators could, as yet be only in 
 their infancy. That they obtained not here 
 is certain, unless the groinings may be admitted 
 to belong exclusively to that people; instead 
 of the gewgaw, zig zag fascia, the plain, the 
 
166 PRESENT STATE OF THE CASTLE. 
 
 bold torus of the Saxon is in excellent preser- 
 vation in many parts. The inner side of the 
 western wall, facing the bowling green exhibits 
 several specimens of circular headed windows 
 and doorways, notoriously of Saxon origin. 
 But the noble entrance to the north, is deci- 
 dedly in point, as to the style in which the 
 Castle was at first finished. This was the 
 principal gate way, the greater part whereof 
 is now wailed up. The Saxon arch still remains 
 entire, and on the east, west and south sides of 
 the upper story are windows in the same mode 
 as those in the oldest part of the ante- choir of 
 Southwell Collegiate Church, and by their 
 having been more shielded from the inclemency 
 of the weather, are astonishingly perfect. It 
 must be allowed, there are two distinct species 
 of gothic, in the flank adjoining the water, 
 but these windows are discernibly interpola- 
 tions ; there are also mullioned windows, pro- 
 bably of the time of James I. or Charles I. 
 Nearly level with the ground, and within a 
 few feet of the north west tower is a doorway, 
 leading into the lower or subterranean parte 
 of the Castle. After proceeding a few paces, 
 
PRESENT STATE OF THE CASTLE. 167 
 
 an opening on the right discovers a large room, 
 which has been called a Crypt; and there is 
 reason to believe not improperly. This apart- 
 ment is 46 feet in length, 23 feet 4 inches in 
 width, and 11 feet in height. Along the central 
 line of the floor, at equal distances, are ranged 
 hexagonal columns, of freestone, whose shafts 
 and capitals have not suffered, in the least from 
 time. From column to column length-wise, 
 spring semi-circular arches, as also from the 
 columns to the opposite walls, transversely. 
 The ceiling is groined, by thin stones, laid 
 edge-wise with the greatest exactness. What 
 is somewhat singular, the pointing of this- 
 work is perished, it never having been 
 coated, which is the only evident token of 
 decay in the room. The floor is in its original 
 state of earth. Light is admitted through 
 loop holes, in the western wall. This place 
 was used as a Chapel, of which further notice 
 will be taken hereafter. 
 
 The difficulty of forcing a passage into 
 this fortress is evident from the construction of 
 i(< main entrance, the outer gate of which 
 

 168 PRESENT STATE OF THE CASTLE. 
 
 opened immediately into a hold Y]\ feet by 10 
 feet, the surrounding walls being 5 ft. in thick- 
 ness; adjoining to this and opposite the outer 
 opening was another gateway, equally strong, 
 beyond which another hold, 16 feet by 15| 
 feet, and before a lodgment in the area could 
 be completed was another barrier equal in 
 strength to the first and second. 
 
 Through these portals, the munifieent 
 founder was conveyed, as a prisoner, to one of 
 its dungeons, by command of the usurper 
 Stephen, nor suffered to enjoy the sweets of 
 liberty until he had surrendered his Castle at 
 Sleaford; and through them was brought in a 
 litter, the bloated, death stricken, licentious 
 John. This path was often trodden by the 
 gay, equivocally charactered Henrietta \ and 
 here the shouldered sentry often recognized 
 the irresolute and vacillating Charles. Here 
 entered the magnanimous Smith, with a de- 
 putation of his heroic townsmen, and invoked 
 Lord Bellasis, with tears, to disobey the man- 
 date of his soul harased master, for surrender- 
 ing the place; u trust God and sally/ 9 cried 
 
PRESENT STATE OF THE CASTLE. 169 
 
 the high spirited Mayor. Armed with every 
 instrument of demolition, on Monday morning 
 the 11th of May, 1646, in rushed the summon- 
 ed neighbourhood — havoc was the order of the 
 day — and here at this present writing are 
 lodged and fed a number of pigs ! 
 
 From what has been advanced, it is clearly 
 deducible that the Bishop of Lincoln was the 
 sole founder of this Castle. Alexander was not 
 of Norman extraction, being born at Blois in 
 France, the birth place also of Stephen : he 
 embraced with avidity the cause of Maud, the 
 mother of Henry the second, in whom the 
 Saxon line was restored. He was a Prelate 
 whose ideas were grand, and his taste exquisite. 
 His popularity was extensive, and, without 
 doubt, adherence to the ancient mode of build- 
 ing would greatly strengthen it ; he well knew 
 the essential difference between a Castle and a 
 Church ; stability was his aim, and he attained 
 it. During the lapse of nearly seven centuries 
 has this venerable structure braved the storms 
 of war, the fury of tempest and the hand 
 of time, and it is highly questionable if at this 
 
 M 
 
170 PRESENT STATE OF THE CASTLE. 
 
 day there are to be found, specimens of 
 Saxon architecture, in the whole kingdom 
 less imperfect than those displayed amongst the 
 ruins of Newark Castle. These remains with 
 their appurtenances are in the Parish of Stoke, 
 four miles distant. The inhabitants of the site 
 of the Castle, vote at Elections for Members of 
 Parliament, as belonging to the Borough, but 
 have not a voice in the choice of churchwardens, 
 not being parishioner*. 
 
171 
 
 GATEWAYS. 
 
 Doctor Stukely says in his Itinerary, 
 speaking of Newark, " I am satisfied it has 
 been surrounded by a wall fc of Roman construc- 
 tion, at least on three sides, the Castle and the 
 river guarding the fourth. There were three 
 gates, two whereof still remain. The arches 
 are not perhaps in their present state to be 
 pronounced Roman original, but they appear 
 to be composed in a great measure of Roman 
 materials. Buildings and modern improve- 
 ments have in a great measure obliterated the 
 ditch, but a street contiguous to that which 
 guarded the south side of the town still retains 
 the name of Potter's Ditch/ 1 It is an old say- 
 ing, " when a man's name is up, he may take 
 himself to bed/' the learned author says, he is 
 satisfied there has been a wall of Roman con- 
 struction, now the only evidence that there 
 
 m 2 
 
172 GATEWAYS, 
 
 ever had been a wall of any construction what- 
 soever, was the two remaining gates, which 
 said gates, though bearing undisputable marks 
 of high antiquity, the Doctor cannot pronounce 
 to be of Roman original, yet in part composed 
 of Roman materials ; this is certainly tanta- 
 mount to asserting they were built with old 
 stuff, which very few who beheld them would 
 believe. Doctor Stukely speaks decidedly to 
 three gates, but does not give the least hint 
 where the third was situated, but it is not 
 unreasonable to suppose it at the top of Carter- 
 gate, which lies on the ancient fosse-way. 11 
 Potter dike were the boundary of the fortifica- 
 tion to the south, and the two gates, remaining 
 some years since, made a part of the wall, the 
 enclosed space, without very considerable 
 irregularity would not have included Mdlgate, 
 Appletongate, Baldertongate and Barnbygate, 
 not to mention Northgate, which was anciently 
 held distinct from Newark. It may not, 
 perhaps be assuming too much to pronounce 
 the gate adjoining to the Market-place, not to 
 have been an aperture in the town wall, but a 
 portal for some other purpose, on which it 
 
GATEWAYS. 173 
 
 would be vain to hazard a conjecture; but 
 that it was an internal pass may be inferred 
 from the name of Dry -bridge, which certainly 
 cannot be a corruption of Draw-bridge, for if 
 the ditch ran in the front of this gate, though 
 there would most likely be a draw-dridge over 
 it; yet would there not at the same time be the 
 like constructions at the north and south gates, 
 nor would it have been wanting of a name 
 from its horizontal bearing, the claim being 
 full as strong to a cardinal point as that of its 
 neighbour. The appellation of Dry-bridge or 
 Dry Passage, may then be understood to have 
 obtained in contradistinction to those over the 
 ditch surrounding the wall, which was occa- 
 sionally filled with water. That there was 
 considerable difference in the architecture of 
 the north and east gates will appear by their 
 description. 
 
 NORTH GATE, OR NORTH BAR GATE, 
 
 Was situated at the junction of Castlegate 
 and the ancient adjunct called Northgate, the 
 abutments occupied the site of a dwelling 
 
174 GATEWAYS. 
 
 house the property of Mrs. Guthrie, now in 
 the occupation of Mr. Craven, and the entrance 
 to the premises belonging to Mr. Huggins, in 
 the occupation of Mr. Talbot. This archway 
 consisted of two semicircular heads, the ex- 
 ternal one had its springing considerably 
 wider than the opening and took off two thirds 
 of half the thickness of the wall by a very bold 
 ovolo, and pointed fillet, the inner one, finished 
 with an ovolo also, had for its diameter the 
 width of the opening, which was very narrow 
 in proportion to its height upon the square, 
 being only one half thereof. This gate had a 
 much greater appearance of remote antiquity 
 than the eastern one, and had suffered consider- 
 ably more from the inclemency of the weather, 
 but perhaps that may be ascribed in part to 
 situation. It w r as removed in the year 1762. 
 
 THE EAST GATE, OR DRY-BRIDGE. 
 
 This archway stood in the small street * 
 connecting the Market-place with Cartergate 
 
 * Called the Brigge, A. D. 1556, Vid. Schedule of 
 Phillipotfs endowment. 
 
GATEWAYS. 175 
 
 and 68 feet from the line of the former. The 
 face of this piece of architecture presented a 
 very different appearance to that of the North 
 gate, the arch, which was semicircular sprang 
 from the upright of its own architrave, which 
 continued to the ground, there was not any 
 impost. The front of the stones composing the 
 architrave, about six inches in thickness, was 
 cut into a fillet and cima recta, these formed 
 an indented moulding in the thickness of the 
 wall, the fillet being level with its face, bounding 
 the whole of the aperture in the manner of a 
 heading course. The opening of this w r ay was 
 much better proportioned than the other; there 
 was not an inner head, the soffit lying horizon- 
 tally from the western to the eastern crown. 
 The gate remained till the year 1784; the 
 width of the abutments are still visible on the 
 walls of the street ; the northern one, separating 
 the premises of Mr. Thomas Stansall, and Mr. 
 John Ridge, was digged up by the latter in 
 1810. 
 
176 
 
 THE CHURCH. 
 
 It has been premised, in the former part of 
 this work, upon the authority of Doomsday, 
 that at the time of the Norman spoliation, the 
 town of Newark contained several Churches, 
 and some pains bestowed to stamp that account 
 with the seal of probability. And, as a further 
 strengthening of the position there advanced, 
 an extract made by Thoroton from the Mo* 
 nasticon, may not be deemed a feeble auxiliary. 
 In particularizing the confirmation, by Henry 
 the II. of some endowments bestowed on the 
 Priory of Saint Katharine, near to the city of 
 Lincoln it states, " Amongst which were the 
 
 Churches of $etec, Cotton, Attune, 
 
 and jPcitJtOnr , and two Messuages and Dwell- 
 ing houses in the Borough of $t\tottt, and the 
 Houses, with the Land on the north east part 
 of the Mother Church, and four Bovats of Land 
 
X, /•/// 
 

 
THE CHURCH. 177 
 
 in the fields of l^tftferC, with the Dwelling 
 houses, and twenty acres in the Heath, and a 
 Dwelling house which the Church of 0t\Httt 
 had before, with two Bovats of Land in the 
 field. And the Chapel of the Apostles, Philip 
 and James, founded in the Castle of the said 
 Toicn" (of which more particular notice has 
 been already taken) " and anciently given to 
 the Mother Church, with the tenth penny of 
 the whole Toll of the Borough of ^ItWtts 
 except the Fairs." It is evident from these 
 expressions the places of worship were numer- 
 ous, otherwise, so strong a term as Mother 
 Church would not have been applicable. 
 
 The present edifice, as a parish Church; is, 
 perhaps, scarcely to be equalled in the King- 
 dom ; it is composed externally as well as 
 internally of the very latest species of gothic 
 architecture, used in the time of Henry the 
 VII. f viz. from 1485 to 1509, some have fixed 
 its origin in the reign of Henry the VI.; but 
 that Monarch was much too pious to have 
 Buffered such exuberant lapses of fancy as are 
 to be found about this structure. The sym- 
 
178 THE CHURCH. 
 
 metry of its lofty spire is beautifully visible at 
 the distance of many miles. The windows 
 are unusually large, especially the principal 
 one to the east, but in general, elegantly pro- 
 portioned, the quickness of sweep in their heads 
 having apeculiarly pleasingeffect; the majority 
 of them, are, to a certainty, not originals, as 
 is clearly observable by evident tokens of 
 posterior insertion. 
 
 It is somewhat remarkable that all the 
 writers, hitherto employed on this subject, 
 should have omitted to state, demonstrably, 
 that the present tower is only a superstructure 
 on one far more ancient. The western end 
 for several yards in height exhibits the gothic 
 of Edward the III. ; and the two preceding 
 reigns, here is seen in the capitals and archi- 
 traves, the pointed rosette ; the columns are 
 filletted peculiar to the taste of that era, and 
 in which the choir part of the Collegiate 
 Church of Southwell, so superfluously abounds. 
 A window in the same mode, formerly sur- 
 mounted the grand west entrance, of which 
 some feet of each springing of the head is still 
 
THE CHURCH. 1/9 
 
 apparent, and decidedly corresponding. There 
 are several niches with statues, understood to 
 be given as representations of the Apostles. 
 The crockets and frets are elegantly conceived 
 and executed in a manner highly creditable to 
 the workmen. One compartment of the cir- 
 cumference of the tower is imitative of the 
 embellishment in the tympan at the ends of 
 the transept at Southwell. The altitude from 
 the base to the vane is 240 feet, and the pin- 
 nacles are ascended to by a flight of one hun- 
 dred and ninety stone steps. 
 
 ANCIENT CHAUNTRIES AND ALTARS, 
 
 IN THE CHURCH OF NEWARK. 
 
 According to Thoroton there were 
 
 One Chauntry at the Altar of All Saints. 
 
 Two .. of the Holy Trinity. 
 
 One of St. Nicholas. 
 
 One of Corpus Christi. 
 
 One of Mary Magdalene. 
 
 One, called William Saucemers. 
 One, called William de Newarke. 
 
 These were endowed with divers parcels 
 of land and several houses for the reception 
 and maintenance of their respective Priests. 
 
180 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Mr. Torre's MSS. enumerate as follows; — 
 
 1. St. Trinity's. 8. Surflet's. 
 
 2. Caldwell's. 9. Bosco's. 
 
 3. Ferror's. 10. Wareslyck's. 
 
 4. Forster's. 11. Duraut's. 
 
 5. Flemyng's. 12. William Saucemer's. 
 
 6. Isabel Caldwell's. 13. St. Peter's. 
 
 7. Robert Caldwell's. 
 
 THE BELFRY. 
 
 On entering the great western door, into 
 the Belfry, the same species of ancient archi- 
 tecture meets the eye, as on the outside, the 
 columns are massive, clustered and filleted or 
 ribbed, not any thing similar is to be found in 
 other parts of the fabric ; but if this were 
 not conclusive, it is upon record that "Fleming, 
 bishop of Lincoln, consecrated the Church of 
 Newark in the year 1303, (31 Ed. I.) And 
 also a licence granted to the parishioners of 
 Newark, A. D. 1312, (5 Ed. II.) " to remove 
 the Chapel which stood in the church-yard 
 and was built by Henry Murdac, Archbishop 
 of York," who was consecrated in 1140, anc 
 
THE CHURCH. 181 
 
 died 1154, (18 Step.*) (" forasmuch as it had 
 no endowment for to sustain the same or the 
 Chauntry therein assigned,) to enlarge the 
 church-yard for a place of sepulture, and to 
 convert the timber, lead, stone, glass and other 
 materials of that Chapel, to the use of the 
 Church, and that part of the fabrick thereof 
 lately erected in a certain alley, by the said 
 parishioners ; that every Priest celebrating in 
 the perpetual Chauntry there, be ordained in 
 the name of the parishioners, for the souls of 
 the said Henry and others his predecessors ; 
 especially, for the finding a special masse to 
 be made for him." There cannot, therefore 
 remain a doubt, that the lower part of the 
 tower belonging to the Church of Newark, 
 has been standing upwards of 515 years ; and 
 also that the Chapel taken down in 1312, had 
 continued upwards of 160 years, the erection 
 thereof being nearly coeval with that of the 
 Castle. 
 
 Against the north wall is affixed the brass 
 effigy of Phillipott, in his robes of office as 
 
 ' Vfd. History of Southwell. 
 
182 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Alderman, under which is the following- 
 inscription ; 
 
 This plate was removed A. D. 1811, 
 to perpetuate the memory of 
 WILLIAM PHILPOT, 
 At whose death in May 1557, it was placed on his Grave- 
 stone in the south transept of this Church. 
 
 Amongst other liberal benefactions to this Town, he founded 
 the Almshouse in Barnby Gate. 
 
 On the western wall an inscription states, that 
 
 RICHARD SUTTON, ESQ. 
 
 The Honorable Brigadier General of her 
 Majesty's forces, gave ^200 for the new cast- 
 ing of six Bells, and metal for two new Bells 
 in this steeple, as also the branch candlesticks 
 in the Church and Chancel. 
 
 The present Organ was formerly placed 
 underneath where this inscription now stands, 
 
 THE FONT. 
 
 This is a beautiful antique, but the materi- 
 al out of which it was formed, is now rendered 
 
THE CHURCH. 183 
 
 doubtful, by the repeated coatings of paint : 
 tradition proclaims it grey marble. The shaft 
 carries evident tokens of high antiquity, it 
 is divided into six compartments, wherein, 
 niche-wise, are represented the twelve apos- 
 tles, in pairs ; the sculpture is remarkably 
 bold, but by the accumulation of oil and co- 
 lour, injudiciously applied, appears coarse to 
 the eye. On the basin is seen, in different 
 places, a single cherub head between two 
 wings, very boldly executed : round its base is 
 inscribed — 
 
 £®3(£. 3W3I- *®$C. EX&©. l$<®€- 
 
 $<&$€<&. &&$%%% €&W&Z. 
 
 The cover, which is nicely proportioned, bears 
 not any traces of antiquity. The ascent to the 
 Font is by two broad easy steps. 
 
 On a small tablet, affixed to an adjoining 
 pillar, is the following inscription, — 
 
 This font was demolished by the Rebels, May 9th, 1646, 
 and rebuilt by the charity of Nicholas Ridley, 1660. 
 
184 THE CHURCH. 
 
 This piece of fanatical malevolence was 
 exhibited the very next day after the round- 
 heads took possession ; but that the Font it- 
 self was demolished, or even injured, no one 
 can believe. It is possible that one of Poyntz's 
 drunken ruffians might be moved to strike off 
 its cap, which would probably break by the 
 fall ; so, that somewhat less of ostentation in 
 Master Ridley's charitably rebuilding would 
 have been rather more christian like. 
 
 On a plain brass plate affixed to a column 
 towards the south door, is a long epitaph to 
 the memory of John Taylor, written by his 
 son, the celebrated Doctor Taylor, who at the 
 time of his own decease, was erecting the ele- 
 gant house atWinthorpe, afterwards purchased 
 by Roger Pocklington, Esq. and in the year 
 1809, by John Elliott, Esq. of Nottingham, in 
 whose possession it now remains. 
 
 h. o. s. 
 
 JOHANNIS TAYLOR 
 
 Viri probi atq pii, 
 Quern Senio languidum, morboq gravi languidiorem, 
 Praefecti hujus oppidi munere bis functum* 
 
THE CHURCH. 185 
 
 Idemq tertio jam suscepturum, 
 
 Suorum lacrymis lieu' frustra deprecantibus, 
 
 Mors abstulit inexorabilis 
 
 XXVII Calendas Octobris, 
 
 MDCCXXXK. 
 
 Humanae Salutis 
 
 Anno. 
 
 Liceat Viator ! filio lugenti 
 
 (Verba enim, qua? negat Luctus, ministrabit pietas) 
 
 Liceat de tali parente pauca praedicare : 
 
 Scias itaq ilium patrimouium modicum 
 
 Iuculpatissima auctum industria, 
 
 Honestissimo etiamnum dum augebat Usui dicare ausum esse 
 
 Familise scilicet Suae 
 
 Quippe qui suis beuefacere vivus quam mortuns, 
 
 Suosqbeare quam seipsum ditare, 
 
 Nunquam imo ne senescens quidem non mallet 
 
 Exemplum sane non quotidianum 
 
 Quod imitabuntur pauci, laudabunt onmes. 
 
 Veneratur autem films Supcrstes 
 
 ROBERTUS TAYLOR, M. D. 
 
 Qui tabulam banc yEream 
 
 Virtutum Patris lere perenniorum 
 
 Memoriae. 
 
 D. D. Q. 
 
 The subject of this inscription was a pub- 
 lican, residing in a street called Kirkgate, in 
 Newark, and master of the Turk's Head there; 
 the old house was purchased by Mr. William 
 
 N 
 
186 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Thompson, and handsomely rebuilt in 1794, it 
 is now called the Hotel, and in the occupation 
 of Mr. Joseph Gilstrap. 
 
 Near to the great south door, a handsome 
 monument commemorates the virtues of a per- 
 son whose family is now extinct in Newark. 
 The inscription is thought, by some, to be 
 rather too highly tinctured with the superla- 
 tive ; but it appears, Mr. Broughton was, in 
 reality, a very worthy man : this memorial 
 was erected at the expense, and embellished 
 from the pen of his disconsolate relict. Sacred 
 ought to be held the tribute of widowed esteem, 
 the heart there dictates from the tablet of re- 
 trospection. 
 
 To the memory of 
 GUSTAVUS BROUGHTON, A. M. 
 
 Who died Nov. 17th, 1760, and in the 47th year of his age. 
 
 He finished his education in St. John's College in Cambridge^ 
 
 In which place he acquired as much learning as was 
 
 required either for a Divine or a Gentleman. 
 
 As a worthy man in the former character few were his superiors? 
 
 And to be his equal in the latter would not be a disgrace 
 
 even to the most accomplished. 
 He was for some time Vicar of St. Martin's in Leicester, 
 
THE CHURCH. 187 
 
 Where he did the duties of his function in such a manner 
 
 That he gave satisfaction to all, as well as instruction to many 
 
 of his numerous parishioners. 
 
 In his private life, whether as a christian, a husband, or a 
 
 friend, no man could be more truly pious, 
 
 affectionate, or sincere. 
 
 His charities were as extensive as his income would allow ; 
 
 but had it been as large as the benevolence of his heart, 
 
 Few would have left greater monuments of true generosity than he . 
 
 The concern of his disconsolate widow plainly testifies to the 
 
 world, the loss she has sustained in the best of husbands 
 
 and the best of friends. 
 And to pay the last duties to his remains has caused this 
 
 Monument to be erected ; 
 
 Tho' his virtues are sufficiently known and revered by his 
 
 surviving friends, yet it is hoped the latest posterity may profit, 
 
 should they copy after this just character of sp worthy a man. 
 
 On a stone underneath. 
 
 Mrs. MARY BROUGHTON, 
 
 Relict of the Rev. Gustavus Broughton, 
 
 Died March 17th, 1763, 
 
 In the 43rd year of her age. 
 
 On contiguous stones in the pavement. 
 
 Here lieth the body of the 
 
 Rev. Edward Broughton, M. A. 
 
 Who departed this life the sixth day of January, 
 
 In the year of our Lord 1745, 
 
 In the sixtieth year of his age. 
 
188 THE CHURCH. 
 
 AND 
 
 Near to this place lieth the body of 
 
 EDMUND BROUGHTON, 
 
 His second son, 
 
 Who departed this life the fifth day of February, 
 
 In the year of our Lord 1735, 
 
 In the twenty first year of his age. 
 
 The first of this family, residing at New- 
 ark, was a Clergyman named Gustavus, 
 Schoolmaster on Magnus 5 foundation and 
 Curate of the Church. 
 
 Near to the foregoing on a neat mural 
 Monument. 
 
 This tribute of filial affection is dedicated to the memory of 
 JOHN HILL, and JANE his wife, 
 The former died Feb. 18th, 1759, Aged 53. 
 The latter December 7th, 1751, Aged 38. 
 
 FAMILY OF LINTHWAITE, 
 
 On another of similar construction, 
 
 Sacred to the memory of 
 
 Mrs. MARY LINTHWAITE, 
 
 Relict of the late Mr. Wm. LINTHWAITE, 
 
 Who died August 16th, 1786, Aged 74 years, 
 
 And lies 33 feet north of this place. 
 This monument is dedicated to her memory 
 
THE CHURCH. 189 
 
 By F. B. Spilsbury, 
 As a token of gratitude and respect. 
 
 Also the memory of TRYPHENA Daughter of 
 
 F. B. & MARIA SPILSBURY, 
 
 Who died in London 18th December, 1803, 
 
 Aged 17 years. 
 
 On the Pavement, 
 
 William Linthwaite, ob. 1762. 
 
 Mary Linthwaite, ob. 1771. 
 
 William Linthwaite, ob. 1780. 
 
 Robert Linthwaite, ob. 1784. 
 
 Mary Linthwaite, ob. 1786. 
 
 The family is now extinct. 
 
 Other memorials on the floor of this part 
 of the Church. 
 
 FAMILY OF SPRAGGING. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Robert Spragging, .... ob. 1748. 
 Elizabeth, wife of the Rev. Robert Lock, .... ob. 1764. 
 
 Millicent Sampson, ob. 1765. 
 
 Mr. Robert Spragging, ob. 1776. 
 
 Ann, daughter of Mr. Robert Spragging, and wife 
 
 of Mr. John Godfrey, ob. 1784. 
 
 Mr. John Godfrey, ob. 1788. 
 
 Mary, relict of Mr. Henry Milnes, formerly widow 
 
 of Mr. Robert Spragging, ob. 1807. 
 
190 THE CHURCH. 
 
 In the south west corner, on the floor, 
 decorated with arms. 
 
 Mr. JOHN CLOUGH, * 
 
 Who departed this life Sep. 29th, 1766, Aged 71. 
 
 Mrs. ELIZABETH CLOUGH, 
 
 Relict of Mr. John Clough, 
 
 Who departed this life April 28th, 1780, Aged 81. 
 
 Mr. HENRY CLOUGH, 
 Who departed this life June 27th, 1783, Aged 58. 
 Here lie the remains of 
 Mrs. SARAH CLOUGH, 
 Who departed this life Jan. 6th, 1812, Aged 78. 
 
 A mural Monument was erected, on the 
 death of the latter, to the whole family. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Richard Hough, ob. 1791. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Edwards, ob. 1795. 
 
 Mr. John Midgley, ob. 1797. 
 
 Anne, wife of Samuel Peverell, .... ob. 1800, 
 Jfrs. Lucy Rebecca Sutton, .... ob. 1801. 
 
 Mr. Richard Wagstaff, ob. 1801. 
 
 Jane, his wife, ob. 1803. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Richard Bailiff, ob. 1805. 
 
 Mr. Bettinson Cooke, ob. 1806. 
 
 Ann Jepson, ... ob. 1806. 
 
 * This John Clough was twice Mayor of Newark, 1741 
 and 1754. The family is now extinct in the male branch. 
 
 
THE CHURCH. 191 
 
 Mrs, Mary Milnes, ob. 1807. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Peverell, ob. 1807. 
 
 Rev. Robert Lock, ob. 1808. 
 
 Mr. James Guthrie, Alderman,. . . . ob. 1810. 
 Mr. John Spragging Godfrey, .... ob. 1811. 
 
 In this part of the edifice, the Charity 
 Estates are let by Auction, and the Church- 
 wardens chosen. 
 
 NORTH AISLE. 
 FAMILY OF MARTIN. 
 
 One of the most ancient in the town, of 
 whom not any are remaining; they lie interred 
 in various parts of this aisle. Their deaths 
 are generally commemorated on brass plates. 
 
 JOHANNIS MARTINII 
 
 Quod reliquum est, et claudi potuit, 
 Hie jacet. 
 Qui 
 Laboribus Patriae, amicis, oppidique 
 Hujus Senatui, feliciter datis, 
 Post sexaginta tres Annos 
 Confectos, occubuit. 
 Hunc 
 GratiNepoles jactabunt olim, 
 Et mentis impar praemium tuliss« 
 Dolebunt frustra. 
 
192 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Mr. Bartholomew Martin, ob . — * 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. William Martin, ob. 1699. 
 Mr. Wm. Martin, Alderman, four times Mayor 
 
 of Newark, viz. 1658, 1670, 1684, 1698, ob. 1702. 
 
 Mr. Henry Martin, ob. 1736. 
 
 Mrs. Ann Martin, ob. 1752. 
 
 Sarah Martin, relict of Henry Martin, Gent. ob. 1758. 
 
 Mr. William Martin, ob. 1760. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Martin, ... ob. 1763. 
 
 Ann, daughter of Thomas and Ann Martin, ob. 1769. 
 Elizabeth Martin, relict of Mr. Wm. Martin, ob. 1776. 
 
 Mrs. Ann Martin, ob. 1779. 
 
 Martha, wife of the Rev. Henry Martin, .... ob. 1795. 
 
 Robert Martin, Esq. ... ob. 1801. 
 
 William Martin, Esq ob. 1803. 
 
 Williamson of Thomas and Ann Martin,. .„ . ob. 1804. 
 Rev. Henry Martin, ob. 1805. 
 
 This family is now extinct in the male line. 
 
 A large brass plate bears the following 
 inscription. 
 
 E. M. s. 
 
 J OH AN T WELLS Scholae Novarcensis per triginta 
 
 Circiter et novem annos Moderatoris. 
 
 Qualis quantusquevir fuerat 
 
 Aliunde queer as Lector. , 
 
 Ejus quippe fuit, quae prascipua est laus maximorum viroruni 
 
 Laudes nee desiderare, nee ferre potuisse. 
 
 * Alderman in 1610. 
 
 
THE CHURCH. 193 
 
 Post infinites paene lahores 
 
 Ad promovendam rem grammaticam exactos. 
 
 Post scripta multifaria 
 
 Ad eandeni artem reformandam 
 
 Et iliustrandam exaucta, 
 
 Euthanasiam, quam sibi semper optaverat, 
 
 Deo auspice feliciter tandem obtinuit. 
 
 Quarto Kal. Januarii A. D, 1713. 
 
 /Etat suas Sexag essimo Primo. 
 
 FAMILY OF RIDGHILL. 
 
 On the entrance into the north aisle, on 
 the pavement. 
 
 Mr. John Ridghill, Alderman, ob. 1783. 
 
 Rachel Ridghill, his wife, ob. 1793. 
 
 Rachel Itidghill, their daughter, , ob. 1750. 
 
 Sarah, their daughter, wife of Mr. J. Jessop, ob. 1790. 
 
 FAMILY OF SWIFT. 
 
 Now extinct, but formerly one of the first 
 respectability in Newark. 
 
 John Swift, ob. 1623. 
 
 Jane Swift, ob. 
 
 Swift, ob. 1714. 
 
 Elizabeth, relict of John Swift, ob. 1726. 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Christopher Swift, ob. 1728. 
 
 Christopher Swift, ob. 1742. 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife, ob. 1742. 
 
 Jane, daughter of Christopher Swift, ob. 1752. 
 
194 THE CHURCH. 
 
 FAMILY OF HANDLEY, 
 
 (On brass plates) 
 
 Mr. William Handley, Alderman, - - - - ob. 1788. 
 
 Sarah, his wife, --------- ob. 1788. 
 
 William Handley, their son, ----- ob. 1798. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Handley, ob. 1803. 
 
 Mrs. Ann Handley, ob. 1806. 
 
 Near to these, 
 Mr. Thomas Bland, Alderman, who married 
 
 Miss Jane Handley, ------ ob. 1802. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of William Handley, Esq. ob. 1803. 
 William Handley, Esq. ob. 1810. 
 
 On various brass plates. 
 
 Here lieth the body of Mr. JOHN MILNES, 
 
 Thrice Mayor of this town,* 
 
 Who died Jan, 1st, 1739, Aged 77. 
 
 And also the body of HANNAH, 
 
 The wife of Mr. John Milnes, 
 
 Who died 17th July, 1753, Aged 73 years. 
 
 Affixed to one of the columns. 
 
 $rap fist tije gottfe of €i|^ft@3l$ 
 <&ft # 3f f&GQ, gentleman, top$ Hece#s?e& 
 pe n bap of marcl) 3Co tuxu mvxix on 
 to$o£ goule ilju* fjafce maecpe* 
 
 » 1704, 1715, 1728. 
 
THE CHURCH. 195 
 
 EFFIGIES, WITH INSCRIPTIONS. 
 
 To the memory of Mr, JOHN JOHNSON, Alderman, 
 
 and twice Mayor * of this loyal and unanimous f 
 
 corporation of Newarke, who deceased the 
 
 24th day of January, Anno Dom. 1649, and lies interred 
 
 near this place, and hopes of a joyful resurrection. 
 
 Hoc grati animi ergo triste monumentum posuit 
 
 Johannes Johnsonus cognatus ejus. 
 
 On a small mural Monument. 
 
 Sacred to the memory 
 
 ©f an affectionate Brother, a pleasant and chearful 
 
 Companion, a sincere and steady Friend. 
 
 Josias Jessop, Esq. 
 
 died 24th Dec. 1808, aged 62 years. 
 
 GRAVESTONES ON THE PAVEMENT. 
 
 Here lyeth the bodys of 
 
 Mr. WILLIAM SNELL, 
 
 An Attorney at Law, and once Mayor of this corporation, 
 
 and MARY his wife, 
 
 She was the daughter of Mr Mason, an Attorney at Law, 
 
 She departed this life September 9th, 1710, Aged 60 years* 
 
 He was buried, January 30th, A. D. 1724, Aged 77. 
 
 * 1639, Q. John Jennison in 1657; Vid. List of 
 Mayors. 
 
 f This may allude to the restoration of Charles II. as 
 it occurred in May following. 
 
196 THE CHURCH. 
 
 John Cheetham, --------- ob. 1653. 
 
 John Cheetham, --------- ob. 168- . 
 
 Ann, wife of John Cheetham, - - - - - ob. 1714, 
 
 John Cheetham, --------- ob. 1742, 
 
 Dorothy, wife of Mr. Richard Hawden, - - ob. 1711. 
 Mr. Richard Hawden, ------- ob. 1726. 
 
 Mr. Richard Hawden, ------- ob.. 1751. 
 
 Ann Hawden, his sister, ------ ob. 1782. 
 
 Mr. William Killinger, Alderman, - - - ob. 1716. 
 Sarah, his daughter, wife of Mr. J. Milnes, oh. 1751. 
 Mr. Thomas Killinger, mayor of the corpora- 
 
 Hon in the rebellion in 1746, - - - - ob. 1756. 
 
 Mr. Charles Dranfield, ob. 1743. 
 
 Mrs. Helen Dranfield, his relict, - - - - ob. 1766. 
 Mary, their daughter, wife of Henry Snart, ob. 1781. 
 Henry Snart, ---------- ob. 1786. 
 
 William Broadhurst, ob. 1768. 
 
 William Broadhurst, ob. 1772. 
 
 Mary Broadhurst, ,------- ob. 1774. 
 
 John Broadhurst, -------- ob. 1781. 
 
 Ann Johnson, ---------- ob. 1656. 
 
 Mr. John Whitteaker, - - - - - - - ob. 171- . 
 
 Mrs. Dodsworth, - - - - ob. 17 — . 
 
 Sarah, wife of John Whitteaker, - - - - ob. 1737. 
 
 Mrs. Annis, ---------- ob. 1746. 
 
 Ralph Mossom, --------- ob. 1746. 
 
 Richard Harrison, -------- ob. 1755. 
 
 M ary, wife of John Lambert, ----- ob. 1762; 
 
 Catharine Avery, --------- ob. 1770. 
 
 Dorothy, wife of Richard Harrison, - - - ob. 1772. 
 
THE CHURCH. ^7 
 
 Elizabeth Allen, ob. 1776. 
 
 Catharine Green, ob. 1778. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of William Webster, - - ob,- 1785. 
 
 Martha Bienasy, ob. 1786. 
 
 William Webster, ob. 1789. 
 
 Philip Tallents, ob 1789. 
 
 Garrat Ordoyno, --------- ob. 1795. 
 
 William, son of Elizabeth Allen, - - - - ob. 1795. 
 
 Jane Calcroft, ob. 1798. 
 
 Henry Job, ----ob. 1799. 
 
 Ann HuddlestoDe, ----.---ob 1802. 
 Frances, wife of Richard Tenny, - - - ob. 1804. 
 
 William Calcroft, ob. 1805. 
 
 Hardwick Taylor, ob. 1805. 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife, ob. 1806. 
 
 Albinia, wife of Richard Fisher, - - - - ob. 1806. 
 
 MARY, the wife of The Rev. Davies Pennell, 
 Who died Jan. 8th, 1803. 
 Also of the Rev. DAVIES PENNELL, 
 Who died the 15th of June, 1814, Aged 90 years. 
 
 By the north east corner, upon a marble, 
 on the wall : 
 
 m. s. 
 
 HENRICO TREWMANNO viro faeliciter docto &hujua 
 
 Ecclesiae praesuli vigilantissimo 
 
 Quis hunc quaesivit augulum quaeris ? 
 
 Veritatis Angelus 
 Quis hie Conditus est, viator rogas ? 
 
198 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Sale & Melle conditus ipse & Sal & Meto 
 
 Verus homo veri Dei AtETAHS ArrEAlHTHS : 
 
 Absit venalis gloria, & Colossis mendax Marmor. 
 
 Non adblandiente verborum, lapidumve strue 
 
 Ilium, velvivum, velmortuum ementiemur, 
 
 Cum sibi sculpta laus, 
 
 Etdaetum existit Monumentum Hen. Trewman, 
 
 Hie Sydus eluxit inter sydera jam coronatus 
 Dum desideriis syderatos relinquens nes 
 Coelicolis triumphant sacer mysta, 
 Insanis populi turbis 
 Saeculorum faevis turbinibus inturbatus 
 Irisolitus mundi, & procellosis fluctibus 
 Non minus solito serenus ; 
 Sic cautus ipsius Gubernator 
 In tranquillo fatalis naufragii speculator tutus, 
 Et clarior in obscuritate temporum factus, 
 Stelliferi claritate Olympi gaudes 
 O lampas fulgens 
 Quid quaeris amplius ? 
 Regi a Sacris, ccelestis orator, & Capellanus : 
 
 Populo a Mysteriis ventatis Assertor, & minister : 
 
 Amicis a sacro fcedere sanctissimus cultor, 
 Coeli jam municeps . 
 In eloquio casti sermonis, joci 
 Jn consuetudine, Generosi-honesti. 
 Flores & fructus : 
 Et rerum veritate, & verborum varietate 
 Facundus omnibus, & faecundus-mellinuus Artife*. 
 Sic lucidissimis elegantiarum gemmis ornatum, 
 Et divino Entbeatum pectus fervore 
 Plusquam Humana sapuit : 
 
THE CHURCH. 199 
 
 Mirantesq, omnes attonuit audientium Choros . 
 
 Feelicitatem, quam vivendo dedit, abstulit abeundo : 
 
 Sic utilis terris, sic dulcis ccelo, 
 
 Nusquam non integer 
 
 I1ANAAH0H2. 
 
 Charissimi Soceri memoriae pie consulens, triste hoc sui 
 
 obsequii ministerium posuit 
 L. Jenison. ^Etatis Quinquagesimo quinto obiit 2 Decemb* 
 Anno Restituto Mundo, 1665. 
 
 BEHIND THE ALTAR. 
 
 On a small monument, under an effigies, 
 at the back of the screen. 
 
 This monument represents the person of JOHN JOYCE, 
 of Belvoir, Esq deceased in Lent, 1608, who served a long" 
 time the house of Rutland, first secretary to the Right 
 Honourable and worthy Lords Edward and John, Earls of 
 Rutland in their several times, and lastly steward of the 
 household to the Right Honourable and noble Lord Roger, 
 now Earl of Rutland, &c. He was about the age of 60, and 
 in his declining time made choyce to end his dayes in this 
 town, and to leave his body here enterred, whose love and 
 charitable affection, he hath by his last Will expressed to 
 this church and poor of the town. Et sic in vita & morte 
 gaudet in Domino. 
 
 FAMILY OF MILNES, 
 
 (part of whom lie interred in the Church yard.) 
 
 SAMUEL, son of Mr, Francis Milnks, 
 Buried June 9th, 1117. 
 
200 THE CFIURCH. 
 
 In memory of ANNE, late wife of Mr. John Milnes, 
 Who departed this life January 6th, J 746, aged 33 years. 
 
 Also of Hannah, Richard, Francis, John, John and Ann, 
 Their children, who died in infancy. 
 
 Herelieth the body of JOHN MILNES, Gent. 
 
 Who departed this life the 20th day of February, 1772, 
 
 In the 60th year of his age. 
 
 FAMILY OF TOMLINSON. 
 
 Pavement. 
 
 3V?r. John Tomlinson, ob. 1722. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Mr. James Tomlinson, ... ob. 1736. 
 Barbara, wife of Mr. John Tomlinson, aged 100 ob. 1746. 
 
 Mr. James Tomlinson, ob. 1767. 
 
 Anne, his wife, ob. 1 769. 
 
 Mr. James Tomlinson, Bookseller, ob. 1789. 
 
 James Tomlinson, J un ob. 1790. 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife, ob. 1791. 
 
 Mary, daughter of James & Anne Tomlinson, ob. 1796. 
 George, son of Wm. & Elizabeth Tomlinson, ob. 1796* 
 
 Charles, their son, ob. 1799. 
 
 Anne, daughter of .lames & Anne Tomlinson, ob. 1802. 
 Mr. William Tomlinson,... ob. 1807. 
 
 And, on a neat mural monument, 
 
 Sacred to the memory of 
 
 GEORGE TOMLINSON, Gent. 
 
 Who died a bachelor 9th March, 1808, aged 65 years. 
 
 This monument is erected as a token of gratitude 
 
 By his affectionate Nephew Reuben Terrewest. 
 
THE CHURCH. 201 
 
 PAVEMENT CONTINUED. 
 
 George Talar, ob. 165- • 
 
 John Clark, ob. 1701. 
 
 Anne, wife of Edward Callis, ob. 1717. 
 
 Mary, wife of William Shackles, of Hull, ob. 1747. 
 
 Mrs. Jane Derry, wife of Mr. John Derry, ob. 1750. 
 
 Stephen, son of William Shackles, ob. 17*56. 
 
 Sarah, wife of William Lang, ob. 1767. 
 
 Matthew Ward, officer of Excise, ob. 1771. 
 
 Ann, wife of John Brown, .... ob. 1772. 
 
 Thomas Harper, ob. 1774. 
 
 John Twelch, Jun ob. 1775. 
 
 William Lang, ob. 1775. 
 
 Rebecca, wife of Thomas Harper, ob. 1779. 
 
 William Barnard, ob. 1780. 
 
 Ruth, his wife, ob. 1781. 
 
 William, son of John Twelch, . . . . f ob. 1786. 
 
 John Pudsey, late of Eaden, Yorkshire, .... ob. 1787. 
 
 Mr. John Derry, ob. 1790. 
 
 John Twelch, Sen. ob. 1793; 
 
 Ann, his relict, ob. 1804. 
 
 Lawrence Staples, ob. 1805. 
 
 William Crampern, ob. 1808. 
 
 A neat mural Monument. 
 
 SACRED TO THE MEMORY OP 
 
 GARRETT ORDOYNO, 
 
 Who departed this life Nov. 29th, 1195, Aged 72 year*. 
 
202 
 
 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Also of JACOB ORDOYNO, 
 
 WHO DIED A BACHELOR, 
 
 Jan. 9th, 1812, in his 78 year. 
 
 This Monument is erected as a tribute of Gratitude, by 
 
 Garrett Ordoyno, of Coddington, Son and 
 
 Nephew of the above. 
 
 Brass plate on a mural Monument. 
 
 To the memory of THOMAS BLAND, 
 Who died on the 23rd of January, 1802, Aged 60 years. 
 
 Also of his Son WILLIAM, 
 
 Who died on the 19th of January, 1811, Aged 32 yean. 
 
 And of his Daughter JANE, 
 
 The wife of JOHN HALL, Esq. 
 
 of East Bridgeford, in this County, 
 
 Who died on the 5th of March, 1812, Aged 37 year*. 
 
 Felices nimium placida qui morte quiescunt 
 
 Sic dicit Jesus mundi melioris origo. 
 
 Brass plates on the Pavement. 
 
 Beneath this stone are interred the remains of 
 
 EDWARD CLARKE, 
 
 Who died the 20th of Nov. 1786, Aged 84 years. 
 
 ELIZABETH, wife of Edward Clarke, 
 
 Who died 18th of May, 1786, Aged 74 years. 
 
 CATHARINE GREEN, 
 Daughter of John and Catharine Clarke, 
 Who died 31st Octoher, 1798, aged 30 years. 
 JOHN CLARKE, 
 Who died 1st September, 1806, Aged 69 years* 
 And THOMAS CLARKE, 
 Who died 14th July, 1816, Aged 44 year*. 
 
THE CHURCH. 203 
 
 In remembrance of SARAH NORTON, 
 Who died 5th May, 1816, in the 18th year of her age. 
 
 Farewell, on Earth, too promising to dwell, 
 O well beloved, lamented Girl, farewell. 
 
 To the memory of 
 
 JAMES WILSON BLAND, 
 
 Son of William and Mary Bland, 
 
 Who died 23rd July, 1811, aged 6 years. 
 
 GRAVESTONES ON THE PAVEMENT. 
 
 Josiah Jackson, son of John Jackson, ... ob. 1790. 
 
 Frederic Charles Jackson, ob. 1811. 
 
 John Jackson, , ob. 1812. 
 
 Ann Huddlestone, Sen ob. 1802. 
 
 Algernon Huddlestone, "\ Children of ob. 1800. 
 Mary Anne Huddlestone, f John and Anne ob. 1805. 
 John William Huddlestone, C Huddlestone, ob. 1809. 
 Elizabeth Huddlestone, J ob. 1809. 
 
 Arabella, wife of John Ridge, ob. 1802. 
 
 William Allen Ridge, their son, ob. 1797. 
 
 George Lawrence Ridge, son of John and 
 
 Mary Ridge, ob. 1813. 
 
 Elizabeth Allen, 8 , . • . ob. 1776. 
 
 William Allen, „ ob. 1795. 
 
 Judith Allen, „ ob. 1814. 
 
 Robert Heppenstall, ob. 1811. 
 
 Jane, his wife, ob. 1778. 
 
 Elizabeth Pointall, her daughter, ob. 1784. 
 
 Richard Pointall, ob. 1786. 
 
 o2 
 
204 THE CHURCH. 
 
 John Hinton, Organist, - - - - ob. 1668. 
 Green Smith Job, - - - - - ob. 1784. 
 Elizabeth, wife of Hardwick Taylor, - - ob. 1786. 
 
 Henry Job, Sen. ob. 1799. 
 
 Hardwick Taylor, ob. 1805. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Buck, of the City of Chester, ob. 181 1. 
 
 SOUTH AISLE. 
 
 MONUMENTS. 
 
 Quod Fui Sum. 
 HERCULIS CLAY Senatoris Novercensis anno 
 Praeturae suae morientis primo Januarii 1644 
 Qui anno Domini 1643, 5to Idus Martias abhorrendi 
 Pyroboli fulmine in domum ab obsidentibus 
 Collimato et penitus evertente ipse cum suis 
 Dei favore servatus hunc diem gratitudinis 
 Ergo et in perpetuam rei istius memoriam 
 Eleemosina et sacra concione 
 Celebrandum curavit. 
 Hoc pacto 
 Sibi monumentum conficiens 
 Marmore ant aere perennius. 
 Expuit ignivomum sulphur Balista cruenta 
 Inque lares nostros, inque Novarca, tuos. 
 Occidit ipsa domus ; cecidit sic missile fulgur, 
 
 Caelitus admonitus numine tutus eram. 
 Herculeis plus raptus ego quam viribus alto 
 
 Et luto ejectus, sydera summa colo. 
 Ignes jam fatuos in cesium tende rebellis 
 Qio/Aaxsiy metuis qui haofons eras. 
 
THE CHURCH. 205 
 
 Non audes ignave tuas dispergere flammas 
 Dum Carolus terras Carolus astra tenet. 
 
 Nee non uxoris suae dilectissimae 
 
 Mari#: ejusdem faelicitatfc 
 
 (Dei munere) participis. 
 
 Wee two made one by his decree 
 
 That is but one in Trinity 
 
 Did live as one till death came in 
 
 And made us two of one agen 
 
 Death was much blam'd for our divorce 
 
 But striving how he might doe worse 
 
 By killing th* one as well as th* other 
 
 He fairely brought us both togeather 
 
 Our soules togeather where death dare not come 
 
 Our bodyes lye interr'd beneath this tomb 
 
 Way ting the resurrection of the just 
 
 O know thy selfe (O man) thou art but dust. 
 
 Another mural Monument commemorates, 
 
 Quod reliquum est. 
 
 GULIELMI HOBMAN, praefecti hujus oppidi 
 
 Novarchiencis, spe resurrectionis 
 
 Hie requiescit, qui postquam fere 
 
 Semiannum temporibus procellocis, 
 
 Lancem justiciar aequo libramine, 
 
 Et intemerata fidelitate, sustinuisset, 
 
 Tandem, relictis matre, uxore, 
 
 Tribus filiis et una filia, 
 
 Regimen successori, 
 
 Corpus terras, 
 
206 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Animam Deo, 
 
 Pie resignavit 
 
 8 Die Mensis Martii, anno Salutis 
 
 Humanae 1659 . 
 
 On a brass plate affixed to the north wall 
 of this transept. 
 
 Si sit in pretio, Hospes ! 
 
 Aut virtus aut doctrina, 
 
 Siste ; et libato cineri vicino 
 
 R : V : Gulielmi Warburton, A : M » 
 
 Joannis supers : sancti senis fil : 
 
 Ex agro cistrensi 
 
 Genorosa stirpe atque antquissima 
 
 Profecti. 
 
 Ore trilinqui, ac animo omnis capaci 
 
 Antiquis Uteris consignatae, supientia 
 
 Plurimum pollebat 
 
 Criticus sine faustu, 
 
 Sine pertinacia theologus. 
 
 Sed apage naenias, 
 Apage vos prostibulas 
 
 Justitiae prudential castimoniae &c. 
 
 Super omnem tumulum quotidie cons tupratas 
 
 Magnificas voces 
 
 Virtutem tarn synceram inimico ; 
 
 Tarn absolutam, immo etiam temerario amies 
 
 Enarrandam 
 
 Ausim relinquere. 
 
 Huius amplitudinis, si quseras, 
 
 Qualis data est merces ? 
 
THE CHURCH. 20J 
 
 Pudet dicere. Sileo. 
 Si tandem quaeras, 
 Qualem merebet ilia ? 
 Dicam : 
 Tempora feliciora. 
 Vix: ann: XLI ob. A: R: N: MDCCXXIX. 
 
 FAMILY OF HERON. 
 
 Near this place lie interred, the bodies of JOHN HERON, 
 Esq. and of JANE, his wife, the former of whom died on 
 the 8th of December, J 727, aged 63, and the latter on th« 
 14th of November, aged 71. 
 
 He was son of Robert Heron, who died on the 16th of 
 May, 1709, aged 63, and whose body is also interred near 
 this place ; they were both men of unblemished integrity, 
 Robert was the son of Thomas Heron, fifth son of John 
 Heron, Esq. of Bockenfield, in the County of Northumber- 
 land, a younger branch of the ancient barony of Heron, in 
 that county ; whose sons and family were eminently loyal to 
 King Charles the First, in whose service the above men- 
 tioned Thomas, was major of the regiment of horse com- 
 manded by Colonel Robert Dalyson, and also captain of a 
 troop therein. 
 
 She was youngest sister and executrix of Mr Daniel Crayle, 
 whose monument she erected in the south aisle of this church, 
 and was a woman who not only manifested a pious and cha- 
 ritable disposition throughout her life, but did extend the 
 influence of it to posterity, by settling an annual charity for 
 ever. 
 
208 THE CHURCH. 
 
 This monument was erected to the memory of the above 
 said John and Jane Heron, by Robert Heron, their only 
 surviving son and heir. 
 
 The next monument commemorates an 
 unusual assemblage of virtues, in a female 
 branch of the same family, 
 
 oyx ns Era ©eah 
 
 Near this place lyeth interred, the body of Mrs. ANNE 
 TAYLOR, (youngest daughter of John Heron, Esq. and 
 Jane his wife, of this parish) the wife of Dr. Robert Tay- 
 lor, physician extraordinary to the King, and likewise phy- 
 sician to his Majesty's household, a woman of consummate 
 virtue and prudence ; in whom a discernment and fortitude 
 above her sex were happily united with that sweetness of 
 manners, which is the characteristic of it, and with a piety 
 void of all superstition, which rendered her one of its great- 
 est ornaments. 
 
 
 These uncommon virtues, christian reader, which were the 
 daily admiration of her friends, and made the constant hap- 
 piness of her husband, whilst the Almighty indulged her 
 example to this world, have, through the merits of our 
 blessed Redeemer, most assuredly obtained her eternal re- 
 ward in the next ; to which it pleased God to call her on the 
 xnth day of November, in the year of our Lord mdcclvii, 
 and in the LVinth of her age ; after she had sustained, with 
 the most exemplary patience and resignation to his will, the 
 misery of a long and painful sickness, which had eluded the 
 medical endeavours of her husband's friends, as well as hie 
 own ; whose affectionate regard to so excellent a wife, hath 
 consecrated this marble to her memory. 
 
THE CHURCH. 209 
 
 DR. WILSON. 
 
 Sacred to the memory of BARNARD WILSON, D. D. 
 
 Upwards of forty years vicar of this place ; 
 
 A man of sense, politeness and learning, 
 
 without Pride, reserve or pedantry. 
 
 Possessed of an affluent fortune, 
 
 His hand was ever open to relieve the necessitous. 
 
 His extensive charities when living, 
 
 and ample henefactions at his decease, 
 
 have raised him a living monument in the hearts of the poor. 
 
 He departed this life on the 30th of April, 1772, 
 
 Aged 83 years. 
 
 Robert Wilson Cracroft, Esq. his nephew, 
 
 has with gratitude and affection, inscribed this to his memory. 
 
 PAVEMENT. 
 
 List from Thoroton, now obliterated. 
 
 Beatrix Lawe, ------ ob. 1450. 
 
 Henry Folconer, and Margaret his wife, - ob. 1480. 
 John Bekc, - - - - - - ob. 1512. 
 
 William Grenc, Baker, - - - - ob. 1529. 
 
 William Hodgckyson, Barber, - - ob. 1529. 
 
 Lambert Watson, Draper, - ob. 1530. 
 
 Agnes Beke, wife of John Beke, - - ob. 1533. 
 Robert Eurion, with Catharine, Agnes, and 
 
 Johanna, his wives, with Robert, - ob. 1539. 
 Alice, wife of Hugh Kelstern, Alderman, - ob. 1539. 
 Alice, wife of Nicholas Tomson, - - ob. 1540. 
 William Saympson, Upholster, - - - ob. 1546. 
 
210 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Hugh Kelstem, Draper, Alderman,* • - ob. 1563. 
 Edward Saynton, Gent, twice Alderman, + 
 
 and J. P. ob. 1573. 
 
 WUliam Robinson, Glover, thrice Alderman, £ ob. 1575. 
 Edward Kelstern, son to the Alderman, - ob. 1583. 
 Elizabeth his daughter, wife of 
 
 Christopher Jenison, - - - - ob. 1589. 
 
 Robert Webb, ob. 1610. 
 
 Jane Bethell, of Riddinge Grange, Yorkshire, ob. 1610. 
 Gervas Bowman, - - - - - ob. 1619. 
 
 Ann, wife of John Shaw, Gent. - ob. 1619. 
 
 Thomas Hobman, Ironmonger, - - ob. 1640. 
 
 Nicholas Pennythorne, - - - - ob. — •♦ 
 
 In memory of Mr. JOHN HERON, 
 
 Who was buried Feb. 17th, 1731, aged 42 years. 
 
 FAMILY OF TWENTYMAN. 
 
 Also of MARY, the wife of Samuel Twentymanj 
 And daughter of the said Mr. John Heron, 
 Who died 26th, of June 17 — , aged 31 years. 
 
 Mr. JOHN TWENTYMAN, 
 
 Who died 1735. 
 
 The last of the male branch of this respect- 
 able family, Mr. JohnTwentyman, died on the 
 21st day of July, 1799, at Southwell, aged 52 
 years ; and was interred in the ante-choir of 
 the Collegiate Church in that place. 
 
 • 1552. f 1553, 1567. 
 
 J 1564, aone other date in the List* 
 
THE CHURCH. 211 
 
 FAMILY OF LUND. 
 
 (On a brass plate.) 
 
 Here lieth the body of Mr. THOMAS LUND, 
 once Mayor, * ob. 1715. 
 
 Here lieth the body of Mrs. ALDRESS LUND, 
 ob. 1750. aBtat. 57. 
 
 Near this place 
 Lies the hody of Mr. JOSEPH DEATH LUND, 
 
 Alderman, and thrice Mayor of Newark, f 
 ob. 1756. aetat. 67. 
 
 FAMILY OF CLARKE. 
 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Mr. Alexander Clarke, ob. 1686. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Clarke, - - - - ob. 1722. 
 
 Elizabeth, relict of Richard Garnon, late rector 
 of North Withara, County of Lincoln, and 
 only daughter of Mr. Alexander Clarke, ob. 1728. 
 
 FAMILY OF CUMBERLAND. 
 
 Mattbias Cumberland, - - - - ob. 1739. 
 Mrs Dorothy Cumberland, his mother, - ob. 17-8. 
 Mr. Bryan Cumberland, - ob. 1761. 
 Matthias Cumberland, grandson of Matthias, ob. 1777. 
 Ann Cumberland, relict of Matthias Cumber- 
 land, ob. 1784. 
 
 tamily of gascoyne, dates obliterated. 
 
 • 1707. f 1725, 1738, 1751. 
 
212 THE CHURCH. 
 
 FAMILY OF HAWDING. 
 
 Mr. William Hawding, - - - - ob. 1742. 
 
 Mrs. Lucy Hawding, his relict, - - ob. 1768. 
 
 Elizabeth Hawding, - ob, 1770. 
 
 Lucy Hawding, ob. 1788. 
 
 FAMILY OF SPRAGGING. 
 
 Samuel Spragging, ob. 1716. 
 
 Mrs. Hannah Spragging, - ob, 1745. 
 
 Samuel, son of Mr. Samuel Spragging, - ob. 1749. 
 
 Francis Spragging, ob. . 
 
 Anne, wife of Samuel Spragging, - - ob. 1 760. 
 
 Susannah, wife of Samuel Spragging, - ob. 1768. 
 
 Samuel Spragging, - - - - - ob.- 1780. 
 
 FAMILY OF CRAMPERN. 
 
 Mr. William Crampern, - ob. 1748. 
 
 Anne, wife of John Crampern, - - ob. 1768. 
 
 Mary, wife of William Crampern, - - ob. 1784. 
 
 John Callis Crampern, - - - - ob. 1792. 
 
 Mary Crampern, his wife, - - - ob. 1795. 
 Susannah, daughter of William and Mary 
 
 Crampern, ----- ob. 1796. 
 
 FAMILY OF BERRY. 
 
 Mr. Matthew Derry, - ob. 1727. 
 
 Sarah, wife of Matthew Derry, - - ob. 1750. 
 
 Mrs. Anne Derry, ----- ob. 1777. 
 
 Mrs. Susannah Derry, <» ob. 1785. 
 
THE CHURCH. 213 
 
 William Deny, sen. - ob. 1788. 
 
 Jane, wife of William Deny, jun. - - ob. 1788. 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Matthew Deny, relict 
 
 of William Elliot, .... ob. 1795. 
 
 FAMILY OF SMITH. 
 
 Mr. Edward Smith, Alderman, - - ob. 1 759. 
 
 Mary Godfrey, his niece, • ob. 1759. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, his wife, - - ob. 1761. 
 
 FAMILY OF SKETCHLEY. 
 
 William Sketchley , late of Burton upon Trent, ob. 1 775. 
 Isabella, daughter of Samuel Sketchley, - ob. 1777. 
 Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Sketchley, Esq. 
 
 Alderman, - ob. 1808. 
 
 Beneath this stone are deposited the remains of 
 MARGARET BURDON, 
 Wife of Rowland Burdon, Esq. of Castle Eden, in the 
 County of Durham, ob. Feb. 17, 1791 ;Etat 31.» 
 
 Mr. John Death, once Alderman,f - - ob. 1590. 
 
 Nathaniel Newham, - - - - ob. 1683. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Caparne, - - - - ob. 1686. 
 
 Anne Lloyd, - ob. 1707. 
 
 Mrs. Catharine Wilmot, - ob. 1714. 
 Mr. John, and Mr. James Metford, sons of 
 
 James Metford, M. D. late of Becking. 
 
 ham, in the County of Lincoln, ob. 1731 & 1732. 
 
 * This Lady died on a Journey through Newark, 
 thward. f 1582. 
 
214 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Mr. Richard Powel, - ob. 1732. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Daniel Caparne, - ob. 1734. 
 Mr. Anne Powel, relict of Mr. John Powel, ob. 1741. 
 Mr. John Herring, twice Mayor of Newark, ob. 1741. 
 John Herring, jun. ----- ob. 1741. 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Longbotham, relict of Thomas 
 
 Longbotham, of Barnet, - ob. 1746. 
 
 Anne, wife of James Wilcockson, - - ob. 1748. 
 
 Mr. John Wood, ob. 1756. 
 
 James, son of James Wilcockson, - - ob. 1759. 
 Martha, wife Mr. John Herring, - * ob. 1759. 
 Susannah Rawson, - - - - - ob. 1762. 
 Richard Came, Esq. - - - - ob. 1762. 
 
 Catharine Rawson, • -'•••- ob. 1763. 
 Mrs. Alice Stowe, ----- ob. 1769. 
 Barbara Gibson, ----- ob. 1770. 
 Mrs. M.Sturtevant, relict of Leek Sturtevant, ob. 1771. 
 Catharine Came, relict of Richard Came, Esq. ob. 1771. 
 Mr. Thomas Jackson, Organist of this Church, ob. 1772. 
 
 Sarah, wife of Newham, - - - ob. 1773. 
 
 Samuel Cornwallis, - * - - ob. 1778. 
 
 Catharine, relict of John Wood, - - ob. 1779. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Cayborne, - - - - ob. 1789. 
 Mary Cam, --..-- ob. 1790. 
 Thomas Groves, Esq. - - - - ob. 1790. 
 Catharine Clack, - - - - - ob. 1791. 
 Anne Wilcockson, ----- ob. 179U 
 Jane, the wife of George Lawrence, daughter 
 
 of Francis Appleyard, of Beverley, Esq. ob. 1793. 
 Mr. Thomas Haslam Parnel, - ob. 1794. 
 
 Mary Beatniffe, - - - - - ob. 1795. 
 
THE CHURCH. 215 
 
 Catharine H olden, her sister, - - - ob. 1795. 
 
 John, son of Isaac Barber, - - - ob. 1798, 
 
 Richard Rawson Cam, - - - - ob. 1801. 
 
 Mr. George Lawrence, Alderman, - - ob. 1802. 
 
 Christian, relict of Thomas Groves, - - ob. 1804. 
 
 Arabella, wife of John Herring, jun. - ob. 1805. 
 
 Arabella Ridghill, daughter of John and 
 
 Arabella Ridghill, - - - ob. 1806. 
 
 William Brydges, son of William and Lucy 
 
 Brydges, ob. 1806. 
 
 Frances Anne Brydges, daughter of ditto, ob. 1808. 
 
 Thomas Hazledine, - - - - ob. 1812. 
 
 On two very handsome mural Monuments. 
 
 Sacred to the memory of 
 
 MARGARET, the wife of Mr. Thomas Spragging, 
 
 Who died on the 26th of October, 1803, aged 72 years. 
 
 After enduring a long and painful illness with Christian 
 
 Fortitude and Resignation. 
 
 Also of Mrs. TOMAZIN TATTERSALL, her Mother, 
 Who died on the 26th of December, 1786, aged 92 years* 
 
 On the Chancel 
 
 lie interred the remains of 
 
 THOMAS SPRAGGING, Esq. 
 
 Senior Alderman of this Borough, 
 
 Who died 5th March, 1814, aged 82 years. 
 
 This Monument 
 
 k erected to perpetuate the memory of aa 
 
 upright and benevolent man. 
 
I 
 
 216 THE CHURCH. 
 
 On a neat mural Monument. 
 
 Sacred to the memory of 
 
 WILLIAM TOMLINSON, Gent. 
 
 Who died the 25th of June, 1807, aged 66. 
 
 Also of six of his children (viz :) 
 
 George, who died 5th January, 1796, aged 14. 
 
 Charles, the 11th June, 1799, aged 5. 
 
 James, William, Mary, and Elizabeth, in their infancy. 
 
 Neat mural Monument. 
 
 ALICE BRAY, 
 
 died 5th July, 1814, aged 94 years, 
 
 CROSS A ISLE. 
 MONUMENTS. 
 
 The first point of antiquity commemorates 
 
 one of the great benefactors to the town of 
 
 Newark, who will be more largely treated of 
 
 hereafter. 
 
 ALTAR TOMB. 
 
 Hie jacet 
 
 ROBERTUS BROWNE, Armiger, cS: AGNES uxor ejug. 
 
 Nuper Aldermannus Gildae S. Trinitatis 
 
 Hujus ecclesiae, 
 
 Constabularius Castelli, 
 
 Et principalis Senescallus libertatis hujus villa, 
 
 Ac etiam Receptor tarn Toms Wolsy, Cardinalis Chort 
 
THE CHURCH. 217 
 
 Quam Domini Johannis Longland's Episcope Lincoln : 
 
 Praeterea Vice-Comes Com : Nottingham & Derby. 
 
 Et insuper 
 
 Custos Rotulorum tarn in Com : Nottingham : 
 
 Quam in partibus de Kesteven in Com : Lincoln : 
 
 Qui quidem Robertus 
 
 Obiit 10 die mensis Dccembris, anno Dom : 1532. 
 
 Cujus animae propitietur Deus. 
 
 In a framed tablet on the wall adjoining, 
 
 The Right Honorable Thomas, 
 
 Lord Middleton, gave to the beautifying of this Church, 
 
 100/. Anno Domini, 1713. 
 
 Almost contiguous, in the mural style, with 
 effigies attached. 
 
 Near this place 
 
 Lies interred the body of DANIEL CRAYLE, gent. 
 
 Who, through the alone merits of his blessed Redeemer, 
 
 Jesus Christ, waits for a joyfull resurrection at the last day. 
 
 He departed this life on the fourth day of July, 
 
 Anno Dom. 1727, 
 
 In the sixty-first year of his age ; 
 
 And was the son of 
 
 Mr. Richard and Mrs. Jane Crayle, of this town, 
 
 Who both lie interred near this place. 
 
 FAMILY OF GIRTON. 
 
 FRANCES, the wife of John Girton, 
 Who died November 30th, 1752, Aged 39 years 
 
 P 
 
218 THE CHURCH. 
 
 SAMUEL HEATHCOTE GIRTON, their son, 
 
 Died Nov. 27th, 1752, aged 7 days. 
 
 Also, MARY, the wife of Captain John Girton, 
 
 Died Nov. 26th, 1780. 
 
 Also, Captain JOHN GIRTON, 
 
 Died 19th of July, 1780, aged 65 years. 
 
 PAVEMENT. 
 
 On a very large marble slab, most profusely 
 inlaid with brass, and in its centre the 
 portraiture of an ecclesiastic, of some descrip- 
 tion, in his sacerdotal habiliments, is a latin 
 inscription, in part obliterated, and the stone 
 now, nearly pewed over. The following 
 portions remain tolerably legible on its margin. 
 
 Hie jacet 
 
 AL ANUS FLEMING qui obiit anno Domini 1373— 
 
 in die sanctae Helenae. Cui anima per Dei misericordiam 
 
 requiescat in pace. Amen. 
 
 Credo quod Redemptor meus vivit et in novissimo die 
 
 de terra surget bor pelle mea. 
 
 In carne mea videbo Deum Salvatorem meum, quern 
 
 visurus sum ego ipse, et oculi mei conspecturi sunt, et 
 
 non alius. Reposita hie spes mea in somno meo. 
 
 From the magnificence and peculiarity of 
 the memorial, there cannot be a doubt but he 
 
THE CHURCH. 219 
 
 was a person of consequence^ and there are 
 ancient documents in the archives of the 
 Corporation, which prove, a family of that 
 name resided at Newark, but do not ascertain 
 their particular station. Possibly Alan might 
 be attached to some of the religious houses in 
 Newark ; but this is merely conjecture, 
 
 FAMILY OF PHILLIPOTT. 
 
 Several slabs in this part of the Church are 
 inscribed to the members of this house. 
 
 Here under this stone lyeth buried 
 
 The body of WILLIAM PHILLIPOTT, Marchant, 
 
 and ELIZABETH his wyffe, 
 
 Which William decessyed the VIII day of May, 
 
 Anno. Dom. M.CCCCC.L VII. 
 
 Whose dethe desyrying youe all to have in rememberans, 
 
 Calling to God for mercy. 
 
 On the same stone. 
 
 The eight day of July, 1514, was buried the body of 
 John Phillipott, Grandfather to this William PhilHpott. 
 
 On a stone at the Vestry door. 
 
 Hie jacet 
 JOHANNES PHILLIPOTT, Junior, Draper, 
 
 and Margareta, uxor ejus, qui quidem 
 Johannes obiit 23 Augusti, Anno. Dom. 1519. 
 Quorum animabus propitietur Deus. Amen. 
 
 p2 
 
220 THE CHURCH. 
 
 FAMILY OP HASLAM, 
 
 Near this place lie 
 
 WILLIAM HASLAM, who died 1597. 
 
 ELIZABETH HASLAM, & ELEANOR HASLAM. 
 
 THOMAS HASLAM, Alderman, four times Mayor, * 
 
 ob. 1775, in the 83rd year of his age. 
 
 FAMILY OF MILLNES. 
 
 MARY, the wife of Mr. Thomas Millnes, 
 Who died August 24th, 1723, aetat. 25. 
 Also her son, Mr. JOHN MILLNES, 
 
 Late Alderman of this Corporation, 
 
 Who died August 30th, 1769, aetat. 49, 
 
 Mors sola fatetur, 
 
 Quantula sunt hominum corpuscula, 
 
 Neque ulla est, aut magno, aut parvo, lethi fuga. 
 
 FAMILY OF EASTLAND. 
 
 Mr. Edward Eastland, ob. 1755. 
 
 Eleanor, his wife, ob. 1766. 
 
 Eleanor, their daughter, «...*... *.*..., ob. 1772. 
 Mr. Richard Eastland, Alderman, ob. 1778. 
 
 Peter Smith, Mayor* f ob. 1642. 
 
 Garton, * ob. 1666. 
 
 William Stell, ob. 168- . 
 
 Mr. John Cole, ob. 1707. 
 
 * 1736, 1749, 1762, and 1775, in the latter of which 
 he laid the first stone of the Town Hall. 
 
 f 1633, 
 
THE CHURCH. 221 
 
 Thomas Summers, ob. 1708. 
 
 Mrs. Jane Burnell, ob. 1714. 
 
 Mr. John Cliff, , ob. 1722. 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Mr, Roger") Vide 
 
 Pocklington, VNave and ob. 1728. 
 
 Mr. William Pocklington, J Vault ob. 1736. 
 
 Edward Thorpe, . . ob. 1738. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Farnsworth, ob. 1738. 
 
 Samuel Peete, ob. 1749. 
 
 Mrs. Anne Bradley, ob. 1758. 
 
 Catharine Doubleday, ob. 1767. 
 
 Elizabeth Bucklow, ob. 1770. 
 
 Sarah, daughter of Thomas Bland, ob. 1772. 
 
 Elizabeth Kerr, ob. 1776. 
 
 Mr. William Bradley, ob. 1776. 
 
 Henry, son of Thomas Bland, ob. 1783. 
 
 CHOIR. 
 THE ALTAR. 
 
 Is bounded on the north and south by two 
 enclosures of most elegant Gothic workman- 
 ship, one of these apartments is considerably 
 larger than the other; both are much elevated 
 from the floor of the aisle, the latter is thus 
 described by Thoroton, 
 
222 TfHE CHURCH. 
 
 a At the south east corner of the Quire 
 there is a Chantry Chapel, and in it a Monu- 
 ment of ... . Markham, over which there is 
 an Arch of Free-stone and on the side of that, 
 
 4£rate pro animator ftofcerti ft^atfifjam, 
 %nrtiQtti & €Ii5afotf}e urorig eju& 
 
 On the outside of it are several Arms 
 coarsely cut, Markham impaling Merir/g, 
 Bozome, Markham, &c." (this is now obli- 
 terated.) 
 
 An Altar tomb originally occupied this 
 place, but has been, many years, removed ; 
 and the sepulture possessed by the family of 
 Herring as appears by the following inscrip- 
 tions 5 — 
 
 Richard Herring, gent ob. 1771. 
 
 Arabella, relict of Richard Herring, ob. 1782. 
 
 On two contiguous pannels, to the east, of 
 this beautiful Gothic structure, are paintings, 
 the one representing a person attired in gor- 
 geous apparel, somewhat in the regal style, 
 
THE CHURCH. 223 
 
 a head dress adorned with jewels and a large 
 plume. The other describes a whole length 
 skeleton, supposed to be intended for death, 
 in the attitude of dancing, and bearing in his 
 hand a red rose. He appears to be menacing 
 or ridiculing his companion, and referring at 
 the same time to the rose, byway of appeal. 
 
 The precise occurrence typified under this 
 flight of the pencil, cannot now be ascertained. 
 That some event during the contest between 
 the factions of York and Lancaster is here 
 alluded to, is highly probable ; the red rose 
 being the symbol of the latter. Sir John 
 Markham, who raised this Chapel and tomb 
 to the memory of his father Sir Robert, was a 
 Captain in the battle of Stoke, near this place: 
 and the king-like figure has been conjectured 
 aburlesque upon Lambert Simnel the pretend- 
 ed Earl of Warwick, at that place defeated 
 and made prisoner. Sir John, as will here- 
 after be shewn, was an eccentric character, 
 and in the warmth of whim or gratitude, for 
 royal clemency extended, might have thus 
 allegorically indulged in both. 
 
224 THE CHURCH. 
 
 On the east side, nearly at the external 
 angle, and several feet from the floor are two 
 small apertures almost contiguous, about an 
 inch in width perhaps six inches in length, cut 
 through the walling; what use they were 
 appropriated to, is not definable. 
 
 In the enclosure to the north, an Altar 
 tomb now remains, which nearly takes up the 
 whole space ; so that if this ever were a 
 Chapel no one could, with justice, in this 
 instance, declaim against clerical dimensions. 
 Thoroton who has particularized the other, 
 does not even notice this. The tomb is held 
 to contain the remains of the before mentioned 
 Sir John Markham, of whom the last named 
 author speaks thus, under the article Cottam. 
 
 " The family of Markham made this their 
 principal seat, and were of great note. Sir 
 John Markham was a Captain at &tOkt Field, 
 Anno 1488, but as the Tradition goes, an 
 unruly spirited man, and striving with the 
 
 people of 25emngton in flincofae£p:e, about 
 
 the Boundaries of their Lordships, which are 
 
 
THE CHURCH. 225 
 
 contiguous, he killed some or other of them, 
 (some have it that he hanged the Priest) for 
 which, retiring, he lay hid at a place in 
 XmCOlltt0t)tte, which the elder Sir John 
 Marhham, his great Grandfather, had by his 
 wife Elizabeth, the sister and co-heir of Hugh, 
 and daughter of Sir John Cressey, of l^0t)£ul&, 
 from thence called 4ttt$$p Hall* where, as 
 saith my author Francis Marhham, it was his 
 good fortune to entertain the Lady Margaret, 
 mother to King Henry the seventh, who not 
 only begged his pardon, but married her 
 Kinswoman Anne, the daughter of Sir George 
 Neville to his son." 
 
 It has been insinuated that Sir John's 
 concealment was in consequence of the ill will 
 borne him by the reigning monarch in con- 
 sequence of the attachment of his progenitors 
 to the house of York, his grandfather having 
 been chief justice to Edward the IV, but Sir 
 John had, in person, made the amende honor- 
 
 * In Thoroton's time this was the property of Sir Henry 
 Heron. 
 
226 THE CHURCH. 
 
 able for that mistake ; although Thoroton 
 does not specify in aid of which party he bare 
 arms at Stoke, yet Grafton in his continuation 
 of Hardynge, has given, in a list of the 
 numerous country gentlemen who joined 
 Henry at Nottingham, previous to the engage- 
 ment, the name of J hon Markham. Besides, 
 the fact is sufficiently clear that, in a squabble, 
 he either knocked some of the Benington 
 folk on the head, or hanged the parson, most 
 probably the latter, as a knight, in those days, 
 would scarcely have absconded for the venial 
 offence of murdering a common mortal. 
 
 FAMILY OF ATKINSON. 
 
 In the south west corner, a handsome 
 mural monument, with an effigies, commemo- 
 rates the virtues of the first of that house who 
 appears to have been interred here. 
 
 Memoriae aeternae 
 Arce potiti lucida inter ordines 
 Coelestium quietos THOMiE ATKINSONI, 
 Sanguine qui cretus prisco Imagines 
 Patrum sepwltas, secundis eruit 
 Xiaboriuus, &recenti cingit Adorea. 
 
THE CHURCH. 227 
 
 Amoribus nexus castis & fcedere 
 Certo, tuetur pignora genialis tori 
 Pariter avorum ipse, ac nepotum decus, 
 Rerum aestimator prudens & recti tenax, 
 Vtramque passus fortunam, stabilis & juris sui. 
 Norunt Catervae obstantes perduelliuin 
 (Piissimorum hominum impiissimum genus) 
 Quid Marte posset, volantes si explicuerit 
 Ignes, & Iras victricis dexterae. 
 Lasti repetimus revocatum ordinem, 
 Vindicias sceleris, & culpas exules, 
 Nomen Novarce, & invidendas civium 
 Vires, illo Custode, rerum & arbitro. 
 Demptum dolemus, orbi hunc urbis patrem 
 Subscribimus Statuae, hunc urbis Genium 
 Obiit 10 Calend. Sextilis, anno a partu virgineo M.DCLXI. 
 Materno LX. 
 
 It is highly probable this was the person 
 alluded to as malignant in the list of surrender 
 in 1646. 
 
 On a brass plate in the floor. 
 
 Quod reliquum est ELIZABETHS fin® 
 
 Robeti Atkinson, gent. & unius Aldermanorum hujus 
 
 burgi, & Sarar uxorus ejus hie jacet deposit. A. D. 1675. 
 
 On stones in the pavement. 
 
 Mrs Sarah Atkinson, relict of Mr. Robert Atkinson, ob. 1713. 
 Ann, eldest daughter of Robert & Mary Atkinson, ob. 1702. 
 
228 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Mary Atkinson, relict of Mr. Robert Atkinson, 
 
 departed this life April 15th, 1723, leaving one daughter, 
 
 Mary, married to Alexander Holden of this town, esquire. 
 
 In the north west corner, immediately 
 opposite to the other, is a mural monument, 
 with an effigies and the following inscription, 
 
 Here lyeth e body of ROBART RAMSEY, esq, 
 Servant to his mastie, 
 
 Who died e 9 day of April, 1639. 
 j 
 This dvst is his, who past his yeares, 
 
 As voyd of crymes, as now of feares, 
 
 Trve to his God, and to his friend, 
 
 Himself in neither, his own end. 
 
 One of a chaste and constant life, 
 
 An husband only, to his wife ; 
 
 His actions svch, as if that hee 
 
 Lived not to *th tyme, but memory j 
 
 All manag'd still with that intent 
 
 To make his name his Monvment. 
 
 Ridiynge secvre, God, on the way, 
 
 Spake from a clovd and bid him stay, 
 
 His vertves kept that eqvall gvard 
 
 He covld not be, calTd vnprepard. 
 
 So well composed, still so advised 
 
 That he, thovgh siez'd, was not svrprised. 
 
 Thvs, good men are by no chance harm'd, 
 
 Ready to yeild, bvt alwaies arm'd. 
 
THE CHURCH. 229 
 
 This person, it is said was killed by light- 
 ning. He has also been designated under the 
 character of a renowned warrior ; but of that 
 there is not any token upon his monument, 
 being represented in a court dress with slashed 
 sleeves, a flaccid dandy shirt collar, &c. 
 
 On brass plates and stones in the floor. 
 
 Hie jacet, 
 
 ROBERTUS WHITCOUMBE, quondam Mercator villas 
 
 Calasie Qui obiit iii November, 
 
 Anno Dmi. M.CCCC.XL.VII. 
 
 Hie jacet 
 
 Majister JOHANNES BURTON, Doctor Sacrse 
 
 Theologiae, quondam vicari us istius ecclesiae, qui obiit tertio 
 
 die Februarii, A. D. 1475. 
 
 Hie jacet 
 
 JOHANNES SMITH, in fegibu* Baccalaurius, 
 
 quondam vicarius de Newark, et vicariatus sui XV. I II I 
 
 Prebendarius de Lynchester, ac Rector Kelbam, 
 
 qui obiit 14 die mensis AuguUi, Anno Dmi. 1.021. 
 
 Orate pro animabus S1MONIS BENTLEY, Capellani 
 beati Nicola, & Domini STEPHANI BENTLEY, Capellani 
 Sanctae Trinitatis fratrum quicscentium ; qui quidem 
 Simon obiit 21 die Jun. A D. 1530. 
 
230 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Here lyeth buried the bodye of ROBERT KIRKEBYE, 
 
 the first Maister of the Song-School of this Towne of Newarke, 
 
 in which rowme he was plast by Maister Thomas Magnus, 
 
 the Founder thereof, and continued a worthy teacher 
 
 therein the space of xlii years, who departed this life the 
 
 19th of Mar. in the year of our Lord God 1573. 
 
 And here lyeth also ELIZABETH his wife 
 
 Who died before him the 17th Novemb. anno 1566, 
 
 to whom God send a joyfull resurrection. 
 
 Ann. Dmi. 1579, Mar. 17, aetat. 68, Here lyethe buried 
 
 the body of Mr. WILLIAM LEVERET, Physician, 
 
 thrice Alderman of this town,* who increased by the good 
 
 help of the right hon. Hen. Earl of Rutland, his Patron, 
 
 the Corporation of the same town. 
 
 EDOVARDUS GREAVESUS, 
 
 O raemorande mihi post nullos (Smythe) ministros ! 
 Quam cito te (verbi gladeo) peccata prementem, 
 Quam cito to (Domini recte sacra verba secantem,) 
 Sasva falce sua mors importuna secavit ? 
 Angelicam nisi certus eram te vivire vitum, 
 Perpetuos tristi resonarem carmine luctus, 
 
 GULIELMUS SMYTHUS obiit Pastor de Newark. 
 O mihi (Gravese) satis duris spectate periclis, 
 Mitte procor gemitus, lachrymas effundere mitte 
 Nam mihi Mors lacrum, mihi Christus vita perennis, 
 Corpus in hoc tumulo est, animam super aethera vexit 
 
 * 1558, 1563, 1574. 
 
THE CHURCH. 231 
 
 Rex, Deus omnipotens, Arx, Corus, Petra, Piorum : 
 Det Deus Astriferum mecum te scandere ccelum. 
 Obiit 2 Novemb. An. Dom. 1585, aetatis suae 36 
 Edovardus Greausus quondam verbi Domini praeco in 
 
 Ecclesia Novarcensi, 
 Me quoque terra tegit tandem (suavissime Smythe) 
 Ossa sub hoc tumulo recubant, super aethera fertur 
 Spiritus, ut tecum ccelesti pace fruatur. 
 Etque tibi fuerim sincero junctus amore 
 Tam tibi vicimum placuit mihi (Smythe) sepulcrum. 
 At mi Seele vale ne sim tibi causa doloris. 
 
 JOHANNES SEELUS. 
 
 Quis mihi fraBna dabit luctus compescere tantos 
 Quantos quam Chari Mors dira ministrat amici ? 
 Si quicquam posset pietas aut gratia vulgi, 
 Mors nondum Greausum prostrasset funere tristi. 
 At quia stelliferi voluit te Rector Olympi 
 In ccelos tolli, non restat causa doloris 
 
 Obiit Dec. 21, An. Dom. 1586, astatis suae 28. 
 
 Here lieth the Body of ROBERT SMITH, Esq. 
 Who departed this life Ap. 8, 1690. 
 
 HENRICUS SMITH, 
 
 Ver vere venerabilis, nuper hujus ecclesiae 
 
 Eruditus perquam & fidelis Pastor 
 
 Bridgefordiae pius Rector, nee non 
 
 Ecclesiae Collegiatae de Southwell 
 
 Prebendarius dignissimus, 
 
 Ille tandem 
 
232 
 
 THE CHURCH, 
 
 Annis & operibus bonus abundans 
 
 A laboribus hie requiescit. 
 
 Cal. 18 Maii Anno Salutis J 702, Mtat i 86. 
 
 Here lyeth the body of LENOX, the wife of 
 Mr. Richard Snell. She was one of the daughters of 
 
 Mr. John Bolt, of Boston, in Lincolnshire, 
 
 She resigned her soul to God the twenty-second Day of 
 
 November, Anno Domini 1706. 
 
 SARAH, daughter of Mr. Richard Snell, 
 Buried December 24th, 1706. 
 
 Here lye the remains of BERNARD WILSON, Sen. 
 
 Who lived with a sense of Religion unfeigned, 
 
 And with a Character for Integrity unblemished, 
 
 But died March 31st, 1748, aged 84, 
 
 Not with a Confidence in his own Merits, 
 
 But in the all-sufficient Merits of Jesus Christ. 
 
 NAVE. 
 
 
 Here lyeth the body of Mr. ROGER POCKLINGTON, jun. 
 
 Son of Mr. Roger PocKLtNGTON, sen. 
 
 Who died Feb. 22d, 1730, aetat. 29. 
 
 Here lyeth the body of Mr. ROGER POCKLINGTON, 
 
 Who died July 13, 1737, aetat. 53. 
 
 Here lyeth Mrs. Mildred Pocklington, 
 
 Who died Jan. 20, 1738, aetat. 72. 
 
 Also the body of Mrs. SARAH LAWSON, 
 
 Who died Feb. 1, 1738, aetat. 66. 
 
 Here lyeth Mary, the wife of Mr. JOSEPH POCKLINGTON 
 Who died Oct 11, 1750, aetat. 70. 
 
THE CHURCH. 233 
 
 THE VAULT. 
 
 Within the railing of the Altar is a trap- 
 door, covering a flight of steps which lead 
 into a small subterranean apartment, twenty 
 two feet one inch in length and nineteen feet 
 eight inches in width, appropriated as a place 
 of sepulture to the higher orders of the place. 
 It contains the remains of the following persons. 
 
 The skeletons of two bodies enclosed in lead, 
 and soldered up ; not any outer shell or inner 
 coffin, as the rib bones are visible through the 
 fractures. The bodies appear to have been 
 wrapped in a kind of cere cloth, which now in 
 colour resembles a scorched rag. Moisture is 
 still remaining, but from what cause is doubt- 
 ful. Tradition is silent as to identity : a Baron 
 Done is recorded to have been slain near 
 Newark, in the civil wars and buried in the 
 vault. 
 
 Obiit. yEtat. 
 
 Mrs. Anne Taylor, - - Nov. 12, 1757, 58. 
 
 Mrs. Jane Stowe, - Jan. 14, 1769, — . 
 
 Rev. Bernard Wilson, D. D. - - April 30, 1772, 83. 
 Elizabeth his wife, - - - June 13, 1772, 72. 
 
July 26, 
 
 1784, 
 
 24. 
 
 July 4, 
 
 1786, 
 
 60. 
 
 Feb. 13, 
 
 1788, 
 
 *• 
 
 Nov. 19, 
 
 1796, 
 
 22. 
 
 Jan. 29, 
 
 1798, 
 
 24. 
 
 Mar. 30, 
 
 1799, 
 
 77. 
 
 Sep. 12, 
 
 1802, 
 
 58. 
 
 June 5, 
 
 1803, 
 
 88. 
 
 Mar. 8, 
 
 1809, 
 
 70. 
 
 234 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Obiit. JEtnt. 
 
 Captain Handyside Chartres, - - June 20, 1775, 63. 
 Miss Catharine Gordon, - - Oct. 24, 1776, 31. 
 
 Sir Samuel Gordon, Bart. - - April 23, 1780, 75. 
 Caroline, wife of Captain Chartres, Sept. 19, 1780, 61. 
 Peter Warren, Esq.- 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Bradford, 
 Mrs. Anne Hynde, 
 Mrs. Frances Fisher, 
 Mrs. Mary Norton, 
 Mrs. Gordon, - 
 
 Miss Elizabeth Gordon, - 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Pocklington, - 
 
 Mrs. Mary Pocklington, her daughter, Mar. 8, 1809, 
 Fredrica, infant daughter of Mr. 
 
 Thomas Bland, Alderman, - Sep. 13, 1814, 18 M. 
 Edward Godfrey, infant son of Rev. 
 
 William Bartlett, Vicar, - Sep. 23, 1814, 3 W. 
 
 Mrs. PriscillaWareon, - - Mar. 9,1815, 81 Y. 
 
 Joseph Pocklington, Esq. - - May 31, 1817, 81. 
 
 THE ORGAN. 
 
 The old instrument, which long exhibited 
 a miserable burlesque upon harmony, was 
 situated where the new one now stands. In 
 the year 1804, a very handsome, well toned 
 Organ, built by England, was placed at the 
 
THE CHURCH. 235 
 
 west end of the Church, as before observed. 
 And in 1814, it was re-erected over the en- 
 trance of the Choir, where it at present 
 remains. At the same time a cast-iron skreen 
 in the Gothic style was raised, as an accom- 
 paniment to the ornamental part of the Choir, 
 surmounting the stalls. This truly elegant 
 piece of art was manufactured in the town of 
 Newark, at the foundery of Messrs. Wilson 
 and Midworth, and reflects infinite credit on 
 both the projector and artisan. 
 
 BELLS. 
 
 In the tower are eight Bells bearing the 
 following inscriptions : — 
 
 Weight. 
 c. q. l. o. 
 1st. Ex dono Hon. Brigadier Sutton, A. R. 
 
 1713, 7 10 
 
 2nd. Ditto, - 7 26 
 
 3rd. Pack and Chapman, London, fecit 1775, 
 4th. Brave Sutton rais'd us to declare 
 
 The joys of Peace, the end of War. - 10 1 
 5th. If Sutton's praises we could speak, 
 
 Much sweeter Echoes we should make. 13 3 110 
 
 q2 
 
236 THE CHURCH. 
 
 Weight. 
 
 C. Q. L. O. 
 
 6 th. Whilst here we're loud in Sutton's fame, 
 What place rings not, of his bright name. 
 
 Ely Stansaeld, Vicar, 1713. 15 1 11 10 
 
 7th. Arma virumq. Cano.* 
 
 Richard Read, Richard Hawding, Church- 
 wardens, 
 Abraham Rudhall, of Gloucester, cast us 
 
 all, Anno Domini. 1713. - 20 1 7 7 
 
 8th. Multi cum fuimus nos resonare fecit, 
 Honor lis Brigadier Sutton, 1713. 
 Solomon Bettinson, Mayor, Joseph 
 
 Marris, Church-warden. - 28 1 7 7 
 
 ALTAR PIECE fy COMMUNION PLATE. 
 
 Neither the donor or artist of the former 
 are on record, nor is it much to be regretted, 
 as the piece is a miserable production and 
 totally unworthy of the situation it occupies. 
 
 Lady Frances Leake, in the year 1705, 
 presented for the use of the Altar ; 
 
 One large Paten, or dish for the Bread, 22 inches in diameter. 
 Two large Flagons, each 15 J inches in height and 5 J inches 
 in diameter. Four less ones. 
 
 * This is, perhaps, the most out of time Crotchet record- 
 ed in the history of singing* 
 
THE CHURCH. 237 
 
 Two large Cups, each 12 inches in height and 5§ inches in 
 
 diameter. 
 Two Bread Plates. 
 Two Candlesticks, each 20 inches in height, and 9 inches 
 
 on the bottom square. 
 
 Robert Palmer, Clerk, and Susanna Anfield, 
 jointly gave above sixty years since, two pieces 
 of plate in the form of ladles for the purpose 
 of collecting the alms. 
 
 Richard Jackson and Robert Beck, a small 
 salver. 
 
 The whole of the articles are of massy silver. 
 
 ACT OF SACRILEGE. 
 
 About 40 years since three villains con- 
 certed a plan to plunder the Church of New- 
 ark, of its valuable deposits. One of them 
 by attending a funeral, found the means of 
 secreting himself amongst the pews and re- 
 mained after the ceremony was ended for the 
 purpose of introducing his companions in the 
 dead of the night. This he effected, and by 
 the help of some powerful engine they forced 
 
238 THE CHURCH. 
 
 open an amazingly strong iron chest, in which 
 the communion plate was placed for security. 
 They also penetrated the case of another chest 
 of the same metal which contained the title 
 deeds of the estates belonging to the town, 
 and in which the Trustees kept the monies 
 arising therefrom ; but the inner receptacle 
 baffled every effortof their diabolical apparatus. 
 Cash appeared to have been their principal 
 object, as the communion plate was left un- 
 molested. All the booty the robbers obtained 
 by this atrocious act was an inconsiderable 
 sum of money which at that time was lodged 
 in the Poor's Box. One of the offenders, 
 whom it appeared afterward had broken out 
 of Newgate the night previous to the sacrilege, 
 was transported from the following Assize, for 
 robbing a house at Nottingham. 
 
 
THE CHURCH. 
 
 LIST OF 
 
 THE VICARS OF NEWARK. 
 
 239 
 
 Walter de Coddington 3 
 
 , 1301. 
 
 Robert Chapman, 
 
 154- . 
 
 William de Lincoln, 
 
 1320. 
 
 Christopher Sugden, 
 
 1550. 
 
 Francis Roscelin, 
 
 1322. 
 
 Nicholas Clayton, 
 
 1573. 
 
 John de Leverton, 
 
 1333. 
 
 William Smyth, 
 
 1581. 
 
 Thomas de Sikleston, 
 
 1349. 
 
 Lawrence Staunton, 
 
 158- . 
 
 Thomas de Westburgh 
 
 , 1359. 
 
 Edward Holden, 
 
 1588. 
 
 Roger de Leverton, 
 
 1361. 
 
 William Pell, 
 
 1596, 
 
 William de Vesse, 
 
 1367. 
 
 Bryan Vincent, 
 
 1597. 
 
 Roger de Leverton, 
 
 1371. 
 
 Joseph Beck, 
 
 1601. 
 
 John de Seggefield, 
 
 1375. 
 
 Simon Jacks, 
 
 1612. 
 
 John Sharp, 
 
 1378. 
 
 Edward Mason, 
 
 1617. 
 
 John Mare, 
 
 1421. 
 
 Samuel Keemel, 
 
 1628. 
 
 Thomas Marshe, 
 
 1423. 
 
 Thomas White, 
 
 16—. 
 
 Robert Crossland, 
 
 1425. 
 
 Richard Pearson, 
 
 1666. 
 
 Nicholas Feriby, 
 
 1425. 
 
 Henry Smith, 
 
 1668. 
 
 John Buxton, 
 
 1445. 
 
 Ely Stansfield, 
 
 1702. 
 
 Nicholas Langton, 
 
 1475. 
 
 Bernard Wilson, 
 
 1719. 
 
 John Tristrop, 
 
 1477. 
 
 Hugh Wade, 
 
 1772. 
 
 John Smyth, 
 
 1479. 
 
 Charles Fynes, 
 
 1776. 
 
 Edward Fowke, 
 
 1521. 
 
 Davies Pennell, 
 
 1788. 
 
 Sampson Lorde, 
 
 152-. 
 
 William Bartlett, 
 
 1814. 
 
 H enry Leatherhead, 
 
 1532. 
 
 the present Incumbent. 
 
 The Prior of St. Catharine's, Line: ex- 
 ercised the right of presentation from 1301 to 
 1371, inclusively, at which time the value was 
 
240 TH$ CHURCH. 
 
 £ 18. The Archbishop of York presented 
 John de Seggefield, in 1375, and his successors 
 until the nomination of Christopher Sugden, 
 by Edward the VI, in 1550, since which the 
 Vicarage has been invariably in the gift of the 
 Crown. 
 
 Value in the King's book £2\. 5s, 2d, yearly. 
 The Church is dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene. 
 
 CHURCH-WARDENS, 
 
 The office of Church- ward en at Newark 
 is a function of considerable importance, great 
 authority in the disposal of the proceeds of the 
 Charity Estates, being by the Deeds and Wills 
 of the several Benefactors, vested in that body. 
 Their number is four, one appointed by the 
 Vicar, anciently stiled the principal Church- 
 warden, and the three others elected by the 
 Parishioners at large. The day of election is 
 Easter Tuesday. Some years since, when the 
 spirit of party raged violently in the town, 
 these contests were carried on with the utmost 
 virulence, and the usual means largely resorted 
 
THE CHURCH. 241 
 
 to. The successful candidates were generally 
 returned secundem artem. 
 
 The present Church-wardens. 
 
 Mr. William Smithy Confectioner, 
 
 Mr. William Smith, Grocer. 
 
 Mr. Robert Wilkinson, Saddler. 
 
 Mr. Robert Gibson, Grocer. 
 
 Parish Clerk, Mr. Thomas Caparn. 
 Sexton, Mr. John Corby. 
 
 On Magnus' Foundation. 
 
 Organist, Mr. William Brydges. 
 
 Singing Men, Mr. Thomas Bugg, & Mr. Samuel Brown. 
 
 Singing Boys, 
 William Brown, William Brown, 
 
 William Clark, Edward Ellis, 
 
 John Hibbert, George Proctor. 
 
 THE LIBRARY, 
 
 Is situated over the south porch, and con- 
 tains a large collection of valuable books, 
 bequeathed by White, Bishop of Peterborough, 
 and sundry other persons. The volumes are 
 chiefly Theological, and not very modern. 
 
242 THE CHURCH. 
 
 DECORATED WINDOWS. 
 
 The great window in the south transept 
 seems to have been the gift of William Philli- 
 pott, wherein were emblazoned the Arms of 
 England and France, and also those of Deyn- 
 court. 
 
 Thoroton records the following inscription, 
 " at the bottom of the great south window of 
 the Cross He : — 
 
 <®rate pro tiono gtatu IMMmi Pjelppot, 
 & Sl^ratc ujeotte eju£ & omnium.... 
 gotoum . . . .& fienetactomm . . • nunciatorig 
 Beat, a^arie fcirgini£ qui i£tam fene^tram 
 fieri taunt. Sfinno SDomini 2®. €€€€€. 
 tticegimo nono. 
 
 In the great window of the north transept, 
 are the arms of Cromwell, Tateshal, Rempston, 
 Chaworth, Caltoft, Plump ton, Folejambe, 
 Bozome, Leek of Kirton, Barry of Torlaston, 
 Harthill; and others. 
 
THE CHURCH. 243 
 
 Also from the same author, " In another 
 window, which Thomas Mering, and Mary 
 his wife caused to be made, were the Arms of 
 Mering, Nevill, Leek, Babington, &c. 
 
 Sir Thomas Brough, Knight, built another 
 window which was adorned with the bearings 
 of Burgh, Lord Ros, Badlesmere, and Lord 
 Fitz-Hugh. 
 
 In another window were the Arms of 
 Pierpont, Maun vers, Heritz, and Fitz-William. 
 
 At the bottom of the great east window, — ? 
 
 . . . .€fjom* &£mng, & <£It$afi0t, ujc. ejug 
 Jjanc fenegttam fieri caugatoerunt....$?. 
 CCCC : - •••S^iitto^ 
 
 Were the interior of this fabric divested of 
 its ill adapted galleries and multiplied trans- 
 verse obstructions the expectation raised by a 
 view of its exterior would be gratified to a 
 pleasing degree. The arcades are expansively 
 lofty and the sweeps of the arches eminently 
 
244 the church. 
 
 elegant ; the shafts of the columns are not 
 clustered but, consist of, what is rarely to be 
 found, the ovolo and cavetto with separating 
 fillet introduced alternately. 
 
 The junction of the ancient and modern 
 columns in the Belfry presents an enormous 
 mass of durable workmanship. Over the 
 lower arcades are corresponding ones, into 
 which ramified windows are introduced. 
 Many portions of the antique oaken ceiling 
 still remain, they are divided into compart- 
 ments lozenge-wise and each centre is enriched 
 with a flower : as the ancient parts have fallen 
 into decay it has been judged expedient to 
 replace them by a finishing in stucco, still 
 however adhering to the original design ; but 
 the reverence inspiring sombriety of the re- 
 mains forms a striking and eye-distressing 
 contrast to the glare of the improvement. 
 The stalls and ancient seats in the Choir are 
 in excellent preservation, and the view from 
 the communion westward, though upon a 
 diminutive scale, is strikingly elegant. The 
 portion allotted for the administering the 
 
THE CHURCH. 245 
 
 eucharist appears very scanty, and the trap 
 door in one of its angles an object creative of 
 extreme disgust. There is little doubt but 
 the Altar was, originally, placed at the eastern 
 extremity of the Choir, an elevated platform 
 of one step in height, extending from the 
 window to the first columns westward being 
 in memory. It is not unlikely, but that by 
 dint of local preponderance, one of the family 
 of Markham sacrificed the interior beauty of 
 this edifice to the gratification of ostentation, 
 vanity, or perhaps malignity, for the most 
 venemous spite could not have suggested a 
 more violent outrage against accommodating 
 conveniency than the erection of those monu- 
 ments in their present situation, twenty three 
 feet in width are thereby cut off from the 
 Choir and rendered useless, excepting for the 
 purpose of sepulture. 
 
 When that violent inveteracy which the 
 parliamentarians entertained against the 
 Hierarchy, and the pertinacious obstinacy 
 with which Newark was defended against 
 their troops, are brought into consideration, 
 
246 THE CHURCH. 
 
 it is really wonderful that the Church of New- 
 ark exhibits so comparatively few tokens of 
 fanatic violence. Many statues may have 
 been removed, but mutilation, which is a 
 higher degree of contempt, has but in few 
 instances taken place. Southwell, a part of 
 whose inhabitants, went so far, as to send a 
 deputation to the Governor of Nottingham, 
 requesting him to detach a body of troops to 
 prevent the town being garrisoned by the 
 royalists, had the greater part of its venerable 
 Collegiate doomed to destruction.* There 
 seems to be a feature of left-handed justice 
 exhibited in these instances, some private 
 reasons must have operated to the prejudice 
 of the latter place, which cannot now be 
 developed ; although a tolerable guess may be 
 hazarded as to the actual state of the town 
 at that period, for the motto of Southwell 
 is semper-eadem. 
 
 There is not, perhaps, a situation in the 
 kingdom where the inhabitants have a fairer 
 
 • Vid. History of Southwell, P. 273. 
 
 
THE CHURCH. 247 
 
 opportunity of attending divine worship under 
 more accommodating circumstances than at 
 Newark. The Church is in the Cathedral 
 style consisting of nave, transepts, side aisles 
 and choir, lofty somewhat to a fault, and yet 
 the room is disposed of in so immathematical 
 a manner, that one third of the parishioners are 
 unavoidably excluded. The granting of per- 
 mission for the erection of a pew is lodged 
 solely with the Vicar; but when built, it 
 becomes the freehold property of the grantee : 
 in some instances a pew has been sold for 
 ^70. 
 
 It is highly to be lamented that the spirit 
 of refinement for which the inhabitants of 
 Newark are so justly celebrated, does not by 
 one simultaneous effort sweep away the whole 
 existing mass of heterogeneous deformity, 
 diffuse systematic order throughout the rege- 
 nerated space, restore to Gothic grandeur its 
 primeval lustre, and, as in externals the 
 Church of Newark is confessedly the pride of 
 the county, so would then, its internal appear- 
 ance be its envy. 
 
248 THE CHURCH. 
 
 In the summer of 1818, the Vicarage house, 
 situated about fifty yards north from the choir 
 door was taken down, and its site together 
 with the appurtenances, extending to Parson's- 
 mount, attached to the Church-yard, this is a 
 very great improvement, as the burial ground 
 had become extremely crouded. The present 
 residence allotted to the Vicar is in Appleton- 
 gate, nearly opposite to the great east window 
 of the Church. This property was many 
 vears in the familv of Martin, from whence it 
 devolved to the late Richard Forster, Esq. of 
 whose Executors it was purchased for the 
 present purpose. 
 
 At the same period the upper part of the 
 spire, to the extent of 15 feet, being deemed 
 in a ruinous and consequently dangerous state, 
 the courses of stones, constituting the dilapidat- 
 ed portion were carefully lowered to the ground, 
 a firm basis acquired, and the elegant pyramid 
 re-constructed, under the direction of Messrs. 
 Wallis and Marshall, Masons, in a manner 
 which seems to bid defiance to further con- 
 cussion. 
 
249 
 
 KNIGHTS TEMPLAR'S, HOSPITAL. 
 
 According to Tanner, this was in possession 
 of that order previous to the yeaf 1185, (31 
 H. IL) Its situation is supposed to have been 
 on the north side of Stodman-street, as a 
 Chapel was standing behind the site of Her- 
 cules Clay's house, in tolerable preservation 
 some years since. Tradition attributes the 
 destruction of the principal part of this build- 
 ing to the fire of the besiegers in the civil wars. 
 The remains were gradually converted into 
 appendages to the neighbouring dwelling 
 houses : its last vestige was removed in the 
 summer of 1818. The plumbing shop of Mr. 
 William Lang, once constituted a part of the 
 Chapel. 
 
 R 
 
250 
 
 THE FRIARY. 
 
 Thoroton says " Here was also a certain 
 great House of Friars of the Order of St. 
 Augustine^ which was granted from the Crown 
 35 H. VIII. (1544) to Richard Andrews and 
 Nicholas Temple s and their heirs. Sir John 
 Markham had it, and since, it was Sir Francis 
 Leek's dwelling house and also the Lord 
 Deyncourt his son's ; but his son the present 
 Earl of J>tat££)afe sold it lately to Sir Matthew 
 Jenison the present owner." Thoroton's 
 History was published in 1677- From Mr. 
 Jenison it passed to Sir Thomas Willoughby, 
 the first Baron Middleton, in whose family it 
 still continues. The premises are extensive 
 and encompassed by a wall. The house, now 
 in good repair, is situated at the north west 
 extremity of Appleton-gate. The Reverend 
 William Rastall, being the present occupier. 
 
251 
 
 OBSERVANT FRIARS, 
 
 OR THE 
 
 GHAUNTRY. 
 
 Resuming Thoroton, " Next it, southward, 
 stands another great House called the Chauntry 
 in which dwelt William Leek, half brother to 
 the said Lord Deyncourt, and Father of Sir 
 Frances Leek, who made it also his principal 
 residence/' From the Leek's it passed, by the 
 marriage of the heiress of this branch, with 
 William Snell, Mayor of Newark, in 1701, 
 into his family. On the death of Mrs. Snell, 
 this old religious house was purchased by 
 Samuel Forster, of Woodbough, Esq. some- 
 what related to the last proprietor and through 
 him, descended to his son Robert Forster. This 
 gentleman very greatly improved and embel- 
 lished the house, in fact the two generations 
 
 11 2 
 
252 CHAUNTRY. 
 
 of this name had bestowed a completely new 
 aspect on the venerable edifice, very few, if 
 any of the ancient buildings now remain, 
 excepting, perhaps, some foundations. 
 
 In the year 1783, Robert Forster conveyed 
 the premises to Joseph Sikes, Esq. an Alder- 
 man of the Corporation, whose son the Rev. 
 Joseph Sikes, the present possessor, has, by 
 ruralizing them to the north, stocking the 
 spacious paddock with deer, and introducing 
 numerous elegant picturesque devices, render- 
 ed it a most enviable and delightful habitation. 
 
253 
 
 INTENDED CONVENT. 
 
 Within memory, a long stone building in 
 the Chapel style, was standing near the road 
 connecting Northgate and Appletongate, and 
 about mid-way between the two streets. 
 In the west end was a large Gothic window 5 
 not any record is extant, as to its having been 
 used as a place of public worship ; though its 
 contiguity to the before mentioned religious 
 houses, seems to indicate affinity to them. 
 
 In a codicil to the Will of Henry VII. 
 appears the following Item. 
 
 " To the convent that by his socour and 
 ayde teas newly begon in the towne of Netvark* 
 com. Notthigh. 2$c. As all the foundations 
 of this description were dissolved in the 
 succeeding reign, and this edifice having been 
 only " newly begun" it was, probably, never 
 finished; and the conjecture is not unreason- 
 able in fixing upon this place as its site. 
 
 * The term Newark upon Trent, was not in use at this era. 
 
254 
 
 BEAUMOND CROSS. 
 
 At the intersection of Cartergate by the 
 street formerly called Potterdike, stands, on 
 an ascent of ill proportioned, heavy steps, a 
 remarkably light shaft, of the latest species of 
 Gothic Architecture. This erection has been 
 erroneously classed with the Crosses, built in 
 commemoration of Queen Eleanor the beloved 
 consort of Edward L* who died on the 2Sth 
 
 * A reciprocal affection appears to have existed between 
 this royal pair during the whole course of their union, which 
 continued thirty- six years. Whilst Edward was Prince of 
 Wales, Eleanor, in the prime of youth, forsook the alluring 
 gaieties of a court, to accompany her husband in his expe- 
 dition to Palestine, where, on his being dangerously wound- 
 ed in the arm, by one Amzazem, a desperate Saracen, with 
 a poisoned dagger, she is said to have preserved his life by 
 sucking out the venom from the wound. Some modern au- 
 thors have squeamishly rejected this account, yet, as Sir 
 Richard Baker emphatically exclaims on the occasion, " It 
 is no wonder that love should do wonders, which is in itself 
 
BEAUMOND CROSS. 255 
 
 of November, 1291, at the house of Richard 
 de Weston, Hardeby, 6 miles from Lincoln, 
 being then on a journey into Scotland with 
 the King. On each place where the carriage 
 which conveyed the body rested, in the way 
 to London, was erected a stone Cross of the 
 most exquisite workmanship of the time, 
 namely at Lincoln, Grantham, Stamford, Ged- 
 dington, Northampton, Stony Stratford, Dun- 
 stable, St. Albans, Waltham, and Charing. 
 If the circumstance of Newark not being 
 mentioned in the above stations, were out of 
 the question, the mode of execution stamps a 
 decisive negative on the assertion. 
 
 The author of the Modern History of 
 Newark, very properly rejecting this hypo- 
 thesis, has endeavoured to establish one, 
 perhaps, even less tenable, he proceeds — 
 
 a wonder." Be it, however, as it may, these last tokens of 
 Edward's esteem, do him infinitely more honour as a Man 
 than all his blood-stained laurels, as a King. The Cros? 
 at Northampton still remains, and considering its exposed 
 situation, is in an excellent state. 
 
256 
 
 BEAUMOND CROSS. 
 
 " A more probable conjecture concerning 
 the origin, arises out of events in a subsequent 
 reign, to which the size, situation and style of 
 this cross are much more appropriate, than to 
 the commemoration of our first Edward's 
 Queen. The battle of Towton, the last between 
 the houses of York and Lancaster, the issue of 
 which placed King Edward IV. on the throne 
 of England, has been too often celebrated to 
 require a repetition here. It is enough to say 
 that more than one hundred thousand men 
 were engaged in it, and that thirty-six thousand 
 were slain, among whom were many of the 
 first nobility. Of this rank we may reckon 
 the Earls of Northumberland and Westmore- 
 land, and the Lords Gray, Scales, D'acres, 
 Wells and Beaumont. For this last mentioned 
 nobleman I conjecture this Cross to have been 
 erected : and the opinion seems to be support- 
 ed, not less by the natural probability of the 
 thing, than by particular facts, and local tradi- 
 tion. Doctor Stukely says, " the tradition of 
 the place is, that this Cross was built by the 
 Puchess of Norfolk," but without any mention 
 
BEAUMOND CROSS. 257 
 
 of the person for whom it was intended, or 
 any other reason for its being* erected." 
 
 " Now it appears that this very John Lord 
 Beaumont did marry to his second wife a 
 Duchess of Norfolk, his first being Elizabeth 
 the daughter and sole heiress of the Lord 
 Bardolph, by whom his issue was William 
 Lord Beaumont. The burying place of this 
 family was Dunnington, in the County of 
 Suffolk, the road, to which from Towton, in 
 the west riding of Yorkshire, must necessarily 
 be through Newark." 
 
 It is certain that Thoroton, in his genealo- 
 gical table, under the article Stoke Bardolph, 
 states that John Viscount Beaumont had to 
 his second wife Katharine Duchess of Norfolk, 
 and that his son William Beaumont was 
 attainted by Parliament the 4th of November, 
 1461, (1 Ed. IV.) the consequent effect of the 
 battle of Towton which was fought on the 
 preceding Palm Sunday.* 
 
 * This action took place in an open field between Towton 
 and Saxton, about two miles from Tadcaster. Before its 
 
258 BEAUMOND CROSS. 
 
 There seems to be some error attached to 
 this insertion of the Duchess of Norfolk, in the 
 pedigree; the title, at the time of Towton 
 fight was enjoyed by the family of Mowbray, 
 and there does not appear, according to Collins, 
 and others, to have been any Duchess of that 
 name near to the period assigned.* It is highly 
 
 commencement, Edward made proclamation that all who 
 were afraid to fight, should at their pleasure depart ; but to 
 those that would stay he promised good reward : adding, 
 that if any who remained should attempt to flee, whosoever 
 killed him should have double pay. And, by a second 
 proclamation, no quarter was to be given or received. Not 
 any prisoner was taken but the Earl of Devonshire, and he 
 was almost instantly beheaded. 
 
 * In order to clear up this point, it is necessary to refer 
 to the ancient title of Norfolk. Edward the third, eight 
 years after the death of his consort Eleanor, married 
 Margaret the daughter of Philip the Hardy, King of France. 
 By her he had issue two sons and daughter, the eldest of 
 whom, Thomas de Brotherton, from the place of his birth, 
 a small village 3 miles from Pontefract, in Yorkshire. The 
 young Queen, then only 19, being on a hunting party, 
 June 1st, 1300, was seized with travail and immediately 
 conveyed to the nearest dwelling, it was situated near the 
 church, and the place is now surrounded by a wall and 
 trench. This Thomas, on the extinction of the Bigod 
 
BEAUMOND CROSS. 
 
 259 
 
 probable, from the termination of this most 
 sanguinary conflict, that the body of Lord 
 Beaumont was buried in the field of battle, 
 for as he was of the defeated party, it would 
 have been highly dangerous to have attempted 
 crossing the kingdom with his remains, con- 
 sidering the infuriated and ferocious state of 
 mind the triumphant party then displayed. 
 
 family, was created Earl of Norfolk ; his issue being two 
 daughters the title again became dormant. Margaret, the 
 eldest married John, Lord Segrave, whose daughter Eliza- 
 beth became the wife of John, Lord Mowbray : his son 
 Thomas was created Duke of Norfolk by Richard II. ; he 
 had a daughter named Margaret, married to Sir Robert 
 Howard, who dying before his father Sir John, left issue 
 a son John, who at the battle of Towton, where Lord 
 Beaumont lost his life, was titular Duke of Norfolk, and 
 appointed to lead the van of Edward's army, but prevented 
 by sickness. On the 28th of June 1483, he was created 
 Duke of Norfolk by Richard III. and lost his life at Bos- 
 worth field, August 22nd, 1465. His first wife was Catharine, 
 daughter to Lord Molins, by whom he had Thomas his 
 successor, after her death he married Margaret, daughter 
 of Sir John Chetworth, by whom he had issue a daughter 
 Catharine married to John Bourchier, Lord Berners. It is 
 obvious, from this statement, that John, Lord Beaumont, 
 slain at Towton, could not have had to wife Catharine, 
 Duchess of Norfolk. 
 
260 
 
 BEAUMOND CROSS. 
 
 Had the Cross possessed any thing symbolic 
 of so tragical an event, any funereal token 
 whatsoever, or could it easily be conceived, 
 admitting the fact, why such a memento should 
 be raised at Newark only — at a place where 
 neither the Mowbrays nor the Beaumonts had 
 any interest, somewhat might be conceded to 
 tradition; but this pillar, by its extreme light- 
 ness and the delicacy of its Architecture, seems 
 rather adapted to a festive than a serious 
 occasion. It is not hazarding much to assert, 
 that this column was not standing in Newark 
 at the time Henry VII. passed through that 
 place with his victorious army after the battle 
 of Stoke ; for, although Lord Beaumont lost 
 his life in the cause of Lancaster, yet, his 
 daughter Jane married John, Lord Lovell, the 
 father of that Lovell who appeared there in 
 arms against him, and who was supposed to 
 have perished in crossing the Trent after the 
 defeat. This object, the first, in any- wise 
 striking, on entering the town, must have been 
 peculiarly grating to his jealous disposition ; 
 the loyalty of the grandfather would instantly 
 have vanished at the treason of his descendant^ 
 
BEAUMOND CROSS. 261 
 
 avarice and liberality of sentiment must for 
 ever be at variance : Henry never remembered 
 the past — but to rob or revenge, and in that 
 ferment of blood, heated by the flush of con- 
 quest, demolition would have been its unavoid- 
 able portion. 
 
 As to the natural probability of the thing, 
 one conjecture, in the absence of demonstra- 
 tion, is nearly equal in authority to another ; 
 and, as the trifling incident of opening a 
 Banking-house in Potterdike was the cause of 
 its being metamorphosed into Lombard-street 3 
 so might a few flashy inhabitants of this part, 
 stiling themselves the Beau 3£onde, in a fit of 
 puerile ostentation, and at little expense, erect 
 this elegant morceau in commemoration of 
 their taste. 
 
 It appears in a Schedule of Brown's pro- 
 perty, who died in the year 1532, (24 H. 
 that VIII.) this quarter of the town was called 
 Beamond. 
 
262 BEAUMOND CROSS. 
 
 On two sides of the die of the pedestal are 
 borne, engraven on brass plates, the following 
 inscriptions ; — 
 
 Repaired and ornamented 1778, at the expense of 
 Charles Mellish, esquire, Recorder. 
 
 This Cross erected in the reign of Edward the IV., 
 Was repaired and beautified from the Town Estates, 
 A. D. MDCCCI. 
 
 
 The beautifying, above mentioned, was 
 effected by loading its elegant termination 
 with a ponderous stone for the purpose of 
 erecting a Vane : but a real improvement 
 was achieved through inclosing the whole 
 with iron palisades. 
 
 
263 
 
 ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL, 
 
 Between the years 1123 and 1147, Alex- 
 ander bishop of Lincoln is said to have founded 
 the Hospital dedicated to St. Leonard,* what 
 were its original endowments, or where the 
 exact place of situation cannot, at this period, 
 be ascertained. 
 
 On the 14th of June 1350, (23 Ed. III.) a 
 licence was dated at Nettleham, from John 
 
 * Leo?iard\\as born in France, and instructed in divinity 
 under Remigius, Bishop of Rheims. He obtained of King 
 Chodoveus a favor, that all prisoners whom he went to see, 
 should be set at liberty. And therefore, whenever he heard 
 of any persons, being prisoners for the sake of religion, or 
 other good cause, he procured their freedom. He died 
 in the year 500, and has always been implored by prisoners 
 as their Saint. Vid. Audley. 
 
 Query. Was it after Alexander had, himself, tasted 
 the bitter fruit of incarceration, that he erected this 
 foundation ? 
 
264 ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Synwell, bishop of Lincoln, to Thomas de 
 Sibthorpe, parson of Beckingham, of one mes- 
 suage in Middlegate, Nkwark, held of the 
 said bishop, as of the Hospital of St. Leonard 
 extra Northgate, unto Robert de Aryngton, 
 Robert Leef, and Robert de Stokum, per- 
 petual chauntry priests, in the Church of 
 Newarke, to pray for the souls of William 
 Sancimer, and Matilda his wife," and Master 
 William de Glenham, and also for the souls 
 of the said Thomas de Sibthorpe, and Isabella 
 Durant. This was to be for the habitation of 
 the said priests, non obstante Mortmain Act, 
 saving to the Hospital ot St. Leonard, the ac- 
 customed rent and services. 
 
 This grant of the before mentioned premi- 
 ses, for the purposes specified, was confirmed 
 on the feast of St. Bartholomew following, in 
 
 the presence of 
 
 Thomas Adam, Constable of the Castle of Newark, 
 Alan Fleming,* Robert de Caldwell, 
 
 Johan de Staunton, Johan Grym. 
 
 * This Alan Fleming lies buried in the cross aisle, under 
 a date of 1373, which was 70 years after the consecration of 
 the old Church; if not any removal had taken place, this 
 part also must have been a portion of it. 
 
 i 
 
ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 265 
 
 This foundation was further confirmed by 
 Philip de Repingdon, Bishop of Lincoln, from 
 1405 (6 Hen, IV.) to 1420 (7 Hen. V.) In the 
 6th of Henry VIII. (1515) it consisted of a 
 Master^ one Chaplain, and three poor persons. 
 The valuation then stood at ^27. 13s. A\d. 
 per annum. 
 
 Thoroton, treating of Newark, says "This 
 place was usually divided into the Borough of 
 Neivark, and Northgate, at the further end 
 whereof, from the town, stood a fair house 
 belonging to the Hospital of St. Leonard of 
 Stoke * commonly called the Spittle, which 
 Sir Robert Constable had, by lease ; the in- 
 terest whereof his son Henry Constable had, 
 and from him it came to William Cecil, Esq, 
 late Earl of Exeter, who built a goodly house 
 there, which, after his decease, was, by Act 
 
 * It is remarkable that Thoroton, who lived at so short 
 a distance from Newark as Car Colston should commit such 
 an error. There was an Hospital at Stoke dedicated to the 
 same Saint ; but not, in the least connected with that now 
 treated upon. 
 
 8 
 
266 ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 of Parliament, (17 Ch. I.) 1642* exchanged 
 from the Hospital for lands of better value, and 
 estated upon his widow Elizabeth, Countess 
 Dowager of Exeter and her heirs." The lands 
 which were taken in exchange for the site of 
 the hospital, are enumerated in the statute it- 
 self, the preamble to which runs thus : — 
 
 ** An Act for settling and estating upon 
 the Right Honorable the Lady Elizabeth, 
 Countess Dowager of Exeter, her heirs and 
 assigns for ever, the scite of the Hospital of 
 St. Leonard, without the Town of Newark 
 upon Trent, in the county of Nottingham, 
 with the dwelling-house and other buildings 
 thereupon built, and of certain closes and 
 grounds, parcel of the possessions of the said 
 Hospital, and for the annexing of divers lands 
 and tenements of better value, being the in* 
 heritance of the said Countess, unto the pos- 
 
 * The principal batteries of the republicans were form- 
 ed here at the battle of the Spittle, fought March 21, 1643, 
 at which time it was totally demolished, not a vestige now 
 remains, *tnd even its site is unknown. 
 
ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 267 
 
 sessions of the said Hospital for ever, in lieu of 
 the same/' 
 
 RECITATION OF THE FOUNDATION. 
 
 " And whereas, Philip, Lord Bishop of 
 Lincoln, in the year of our Lord, 1417, by an 
 instrument under his episcopal seal, confirmed 
 by the then Dean and Chapter of Lincoln, un- 
 der the Chapter Seal, desiring to provide for 
 future times, and to remove all doubt which 
 in following ages might arise concerning the 
 said Hospital, first calling before him all par- 
 ties whom it did concern, and by and with 
 their assents and consents, did for him and his 
 Successors ordain and decree that there was and 
 should be one Master of the said Hospital, 
 who should have the government, rule and 
 custody of the same ; and should order and 
 dispose of the fruits, rents and profits thereof, 
 to the use of the^oor, and about the affairs of 
 t\e said Hospital ; and that there should be 
 two pojr Men in the said Hospital, and one 
 Chaplain, to perform divine service to them, 
 which Chaplain and poor Men should be n> 
 
 s2 
 
268 ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 ceived into the said Hospital by the Master 
 thereof, for the time being, and be maintained 
 with the fruits, rents and profits of the same, 
 and the residue to be converted and disposed 
 towards the sustentation and use of the Master 
 to the supporting of other charges to the said 
 Hospital, the defending of the rights and pri- 
 vileges of the same, and towards the repairing 
 and building of the said Hospital and other 
 places to the same belonging, with a provision 
 in the same instrument contained, that what- 
 soever should at any time be given to the said 
 Hospital, should be employed by the Master 
 thereof for the time being to the uses afore- 
 said, all which should be observed by the 
 Master then being, and his successors for ever." 
 
 Premises belonging to the Hospital ex- 
 changed with the Countess of Exeter. 
 
 A. R. P. 
 
 The Hospital of St. Leonard's and its site. 
 
 One Close of Pasture adjoining to the said site"} 
 
 lying at the back of the new Stables, called > 8 
 High Close y containing by estimation, J 
 
 One other Close on the North of High Close, called 
 
 Coney Grey Close, - - - - -300 
 
ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 269 
 
 A. R. P. 
 
 One other Close of Pasture, on the south oA 
 
 High Close, called Smith's Forge Close alias \ 2 
 Fleer Close, containing J 
 
 The above lands, with the new erections, 
 were demised to the Earl of Exeter during the 
 lives of his three daughters Elizabeth, Diana 
 and Anne, at the yearly rent of ^13. 6s. 8</. 
 which was by the said Act advanced to ^20. 
 determinable on the decease of the survivor 
 of them. 
 
 Premises belonging to the Countess of 
 Exeter, enacted to be annexed to the endow- 
 ment of the Hospital, by way of exchange. 
 
 ELSTON AND STOKE, A. R. P. 
 
 One ancient Messuage, with Meadow and Pasture 
 
 Lands, containing - - - - 40 
 
 ELSTON. 
 
 Pasture Land, called Gallow-forth Close, by 
 
 estimation ------300 
 
 Arable Lands in the open Fields, - - - 6 
 
 NEWARK. 
 
 One Messuage, in Castlegate, in the occupation of 
 
 John Jackson. 
 One ditto called White Hall. 
 
270 ST. LEONARDS HOSPITAL. 
 
 NORTHGATE. 
 
 One Messuage, in the occupation of Widow Evans. 
 One ditto, - - . John Ragby. 
 
 One ditto, - - - - Richard Lambe. 
 One ditto, - Widow Andrew. 
 
 All which said premises in Newark and 
 Northgate, were heretofore purchased of the 
 Right Honourable late Lord Roos deceased. 
 
 FURTHER ENDOWMENTS. 
 
 NEWARK. A. R. P. 
 
 Lands, of which his Grace the Duke of Newcastle,^ 
 
 Roger Pocklington and Edward Smith V0 
 Godfrey, Esquires, are lessees, by estimation J 
 
 Houses, in number, between 30 and 40, of divers 
 dimensions. 
 
 BALDERTON. 
 
 A House, called Grange Farm, with Lands con- 
 tiguous thereto, ----- 230 
 Four other small Closes and a Cottage. 
 
 GIRTON* 
 
 A Piece of enclosed Land, called Girton Dam, by 
 
 estimation - - - - - -12 00 
 
 CLAYPOLE. 
 
 One ditto, - - - - - - - 200 
 
ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 271 
 
 ENACTMENT 
 FOH BUILDING THE PRESENT HOSPITAL. 
 
 " And that the said Countess, her heirs, 
 executors, administrators or assigns, should 
 within the space of three years, next ensuing, 
 at her and their own charges, build a house of 
 brick or stone to be covered with tile or slate, 
 consisting of eight rooms, viz, four low rooms 
 and four chambers over the same for the receipt 
 of the Master, Chaplain, and tivo poor Men, in 
 or near Newark aforesaid, together with the 
 enclosing of one acre of ground with a brick 
 or stone wall to make them an orchard and 
 garden, which house so built should be called 
 and reputed to be the Hospital house of St. 
 Leonard's aforesaid? 9 
 
 Patron and Visitor, the Lord Bishop of 
 Lincoln, who has the appointment of the 
 Master. 
 
 The Master has the appointment of the 
 Chaplain and the two poor men. 
 
 
2/2 ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Succession of all the Masters on record. 
 
 Edward Jermyn, S. T. P. in the reign of James I. 
 
 Richard Dukeson, S. T. P Charles I. 
 
 Henry Smith, A. M . Charles II. 
 
 Charles Hall, A. M , William & Mary. 
 
 Bernard Wilson, S. T. P ob. 1772. 
 
 William Rastall, S. T. P ob. 1788. 
 
 Joshua Brooke, S. T. B. the present Master. 
 
 In the absence of such statutes, as must 
 originally have been in force, for the regula- 
 tion of this Charity, reference should be had 
 to the existing Act of Parliament, from which 
 the present transcript has been made. 
 
 This ordains that the four lower and upper 
 rooms shall be occupied by the Master, Chap- 
 lain and the two poor men. The poor, in 
 general, seem to have some claim upon and 
 interest in the distribution of the revenues 
 arising from the endowments. 
 
 PRESENT STATE OF 
 ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 The house erected by the Countess of 
 Exeter is yet standing and in good repair, on 
 
ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 2/3 
 
 the west side at the bottom of Northgate. 
 There are three poor men on the foundation, 
 one of whom is nominally a Chaplain. A 
 veiy small chamber is fitted up as a Chapel, 
 with reading desk and pews. Prayers are 
 read alternately, by these ephemeral priests, 
 not in a cold Chapel ; but, far more comfort- 
 ably, by the Jire side ; a few yards, not being 
 supposed to make much difference as to their 
 efficacy. They have each a calendar monthly 
 allowance of 20s. 8d. and a pound over in the 
 year, a good garden, coal, coat, waistcoat and 
 gow r n annually. This appears to be all that 
 can be spared, at the present day, either for 
 the Chaplain, the poor men or the poor in ge- 
 neral, out of the fruits, rents and profits of the 
 before recited premises. 
 

 274 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 Thoroton's description is as follows, " The 
 Free-School, which together w T ith the Song- 
 School, is situated on the north-west point of 
 the Church-yard, for an organist and six que- 
 risters, was founded by Thomas Magnus, Arch- 
 deacon of the East flitting of § QtftgfjtW, 
 and warden of the college of 4&tfttf)0tp£> in 
 this County,* which after the dissolution he 
 had for life, it being granted to him and 
 Richard Walley, Esquire, and the heirs of 
 Richard. (37 H. VIII. 1546.)" 
 
 This building is situated immediately south 
 of the Chauntry, before described. Its whole 
 length is about 80 feet, 42 of which were al- 
 lotted to the original School; the breadth 30 
 
 * Of which he was the founder. 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 275 
 
 feet. The apartments are spacious and adapted 
 with propriety to the purposes for which they 
 were intended. The door and window frames 
 are stone, and the windows mullioned accord- 
 ing to the taste of the age. Over the entrance 
 is the following inscription. 
 
 THIS GRAMMAR SCHOOL, 
 
 WAS FOUNDED BY 
 
 THE REV. THOMAS MAGNUS, 
 
 1529. 
 
 The tradition which states this munificent 
 donor, to have been an exposure, found in the 
 Church porch, should be received with much 
 caution, as appears by his deed of settlement, 
 wherein mention is made of his father, mother, 
 and sisters. Such benevolent characters as 
 the worthy Archdeacon not being over fre- 
 quent, it would be an unpardonable omission, 
 in a History of Newark, not to lay before its 
 inhabitants, any information, tending to throw 
 light on the actions of their amiable, and with- 
 out doubt revered benenefactor. 
 
276 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 THOMAS MAGNUS. 
 
 Dr. Fuller author of the History oi Worthies 
 who died in the year 1622, was the first who 
 attempted a detail of the remarkable events in 
 the life of this good man. From what sources 
 the Doctor derived his information is not 
 known, but he states " Thomas Magnus was 
 an exposed child, left by his mother in the 
 parish Church of Newark, and being found, 
 in the way, by some Yorkshire clothiers in the 
 dark of the morning, they had compassion 
 upon the babe, and being unwilling to leave it 
 yet exposed, agreed among themselves to pay 
 for its nursing and education (which would 
 come to little among many of them) and first 
 of all had him baptized at Newark by the 
 name of Thomas, giving his surname Amang- 
 us* i. e. to be maintained among us." 
 
 Were it not for the deed of settlement, 
 there is not any thing in this statement which 
 militates against credibility, as too many in* 
 
 * This, certainly, is a Yorkshire term even now. 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 277 
 
 fants from poverty or a worse motive in their 
 parents, have been subjected to a like fate, and 
 experienced similar benevolent deliverances. 
 
 The author of the Modern History of 
 Newark, descanting upon this subject, re- 
 marks, " Next in chronological order, after 
 Fuller, who takes notice of our divine, is the 
 Nottinghamshire historian, Thoroton ; who 
 implicitly credits, and ig?iora?itly adopts, with- 
 out examination, the quaint conceit of his 
 biographical predecessor. 
 
 Half the truth, is often as arrant a lie as 
 can possibly be spoken. What could be the 
 motive, for taxing Thoroton with implicitly 
 crediting and ignorantly adopting Fuller's re- 
 lation, it is difficult to determine, but that the 
 Nottinghamshire historian did not either, is 
 evident, had the quotation been candidly ta- 
 ken. Thoroton's account is as follows, — 
 
 " By an old tradition in the town, printed 
 by Dr. Thomas Fuller, in his English Wor- 
 thies, he (Magnus) is said to have been found 
 
278 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 in the church porch of IJ^Ciltotftc, and having 
 neither father nor mother, was by the people 
 called Thomas Amatig-us ; but it appears to 
 be otherwise in his Deed of Settlement, wherein 
 he mentions John Magnus his father, and 
 Alice his wife, his mother, and Joane, Eliza- 
 beth and Katharine, his sisters." Comment, 
 here, is unnecessary. 
 
 An anonymous author who wrote in the 
 year 1724, proceeds " The clothiers who dis- 
 covered the child, being very careful in breed- 
 ing him, and giving him school education, he 
 became an excellent scholar and statesman, 
 being sent on embassies. On this account he 
 took on him the title of Doctor Magnus, and 
 became famous both at home and abroad ; and 
 not forgetting this town, where he was born to 
 his foster fathers, he erected and endowed the 
 aforesaid Free School here, and was, other- 
 wise, a considerable benefactor to it. Dr. 
 Thoroton, indeed, says that in his deed of 
 settlement of a revenue on the School, he 
 mentions John Magnus his father, and Joan, 
 Elizabeth and Catharine his sisters j but this 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 2/9 
 
 account need be no prejudice against Dr. 
 Fuller's relation, since 'tis probable though 
 his relations were poor, and unable to maintain 
 him in his childhood, which was the only rea- 
 son why they exposed him, yet they doubtless, 
 had an eye to his education, and when they 
 saw him to prosper so much in the world, did 
 discover themselves to him, which made them 
 take his name, and 'tis likely he was a bene- 
 factor to them. But that which may render 
 Dr. Fuller's account the more credible is, that 
 Mr. H. Wood saw the Doctor's Will, and gives 
 us no particulars of any legacies left to either 
 his parents, or his sisters, or their children, 
 which it is probable he would have devised, 
 had he known of any near kindred. In this 
 Will he ordered his burial to be at Newark, 
 if he died in these parts." 
 
 It is much to be regretted, that this author 
 omitted the giving of some local reference to 
 the situation of Mr. Wood ; but his so doing 
 may reasonably be taken as an inference of his 
 being a man of notoriety at that time. There 
 
 iot any necessity for bolstering up the sup- 
 
280 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 position that Magnus was without relations by 
 the non-appearance of legacies bequeathed to 
 them by his Will, for in fact, they were all 
 dead, and, without doubt, issueless, long before 
 that instrument was drawn. A little more 
 attention to the ordinances of the foundation 
 of the Grammar School would have discovered 
 an injunction for daily prayers to be offered for 
 their souls. 
 
 The most probable account of this munifi- 
 cent donor, is given by Dr. Stukely, in his 
 Miscellaneous Observations. 
 
 " What Fuller, and after him Thoroton 
 and some others, tell us about the origin and 
 name of Dr. Magnus, seems a badly invented 
 fable. It does not agree with the account of 
 his family which he himself gives, nor is it 
 easy to imagine how Dr. Fuller came by it, 
 for it is not according to the tradition of the 
 place, as he vouches it to be. I have seen a 
 very different account of the matter, reduced 
 into writing by an ancestor of my friend, Mr. 
 Milnes, and lately in the possession of my 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 281 
 
 cousin Herring, which was to this effect, 
 wherewith agreeth all the tradition I have ever 
 heard. " Some Yorkshire clothiers returning 
 into the north from Boston in Lincolnshire, 
 which was then the chief mart for wool, and 
 where resided many chief merchants of th£ 
 staple, were stayed at Newark, by reason of 
 the waters with which that place aboundeth. 
 They lodged at a publican's of the name of 
 Magnus, where the sense and sprightliness of 
 his son, then a child, so won upon them, 
 that they agreed to carry him home with 
 them, and give him a good education; to 
 which his parents consenting, they faithfully 
 performed their engagement; and being 
 somewhat like in sound, instead of Magnus, 
 used, in a jocular way, to call him Amang us, 
 signifying that he was maintained among 
 them. When he had sufficiently advanced in 
 stature and learning, he returned to his native 
 place, and there being thought a youth of for- 
 ward parts, he was much caressed by Alder- 
 man Robert Brown,* who being Receiver to 
 
 * This was the same person who afterward became so 
 eminent a benefactor to the town of Newark. It is plcaMii;; 
 
 T 
 
282 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 Cardinal Wolsey, and to Longland, Bishop of 
 Lincoln, Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Der- 
 byshire, and Gustos Rotulorum of the County 
 of Nottingham, and parts of Kesteven, in the 
 county of Lincoln, was a person of great inter- 
 est and authority; and being much taken 
 with young Magnus, recommended him to the 
 Cardinal, in whose confidence he ever after 
 remained, being sent by hijn on divers em- 
 bassies, especially to the Emperor, when 
 
 to observe the congeniality of sentiment, that excited those 
 three worthy men, Magnus, Brown, and Phillipott, the two 
 latter of whom seem to have been neighbours in Castlegate. 
 It was the original intention of Magnus to give his charities 
 by his will, and consequently not to take effect till after his 
 decease ; yet by his last deed, February 21st, 1531, which 
 was a year after the date of his last feoffment, he declares 
 the uses of his feoffments, gives away the estates from him- 
 self, and settles them in immediate possession for the benefit 
 of his charities. In the next year, his former patron Brown, 
 executed his Will, and died about two months after. 
 In the year 1556, Phillipott's Testament is dated, he dying 
 in May, 1557. William Phillipott was a feoffee under both 
 the trusts of Magnus and Brown. Hence it may reason- 
 ably be inferred, that the inhabitants of Newark are not only 
 indebted to Magnus for his own particular benevolence, but 
 also to his example and influence over his two friends for 
 tiie addition of theirs. 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 283 
 
 Wolsey was soliciting his interest to obtain 
 the papacy. In this service Magnus got great 
 preferment and was high in esteem at court, 
 but either being deprived of his influence by 
 the fall of his patron, or wishing to retire to a 
 private life in his old age, he quitted the court 
 and came to live in his college at Sibthorpe, 
 where he died well stricken in years, and rich 
 in good works/' 
 
 This relation is well worthy of credence 
 and upon the whole, tradition has frequently 
 made more absurd aberrations, than in the 
 instance before us; though the concluding 
 sentence is not strictly correct, as Mr. Magnus 
 died at Seassy, near Thirsk, in the North Ri- 
 ding of the County of York. 
 
 In the middle of the chancel of that parish 
 Church, upon a gravestone, is inscribed in brass 
 the following 
 
 EPITAPH. 
 
 Here lyttfi Mr. Thomas Magnus, Archdea- 
 con of the East rydeing in the Metropolitan 
 
 1 Jml 
 
284 THE FREB SCHOOL. 
 
 Church of York, and Parson of this Churchy 
 which died the \Sth Day of August, Anno 
 Domini 1550, whose soule God pardon. 
 
 As a perfect copy of the Deeds, relating to 
 this noble charity, would be somewhat too 
 redundant to transcribe into a work of this 
 kind, an abridgement only is given, not merely 
 as matter of information, but also, from the 
 orthography and nice distinctions on some 
 points, as a curiosity. But, firstly, it may not 
 be improper to recite, in plain English, the 
 quantity, nature, and situation of the several 
 premises demised. 
 
 June 20th, 1530, (22 Hen. VIII.) 
 
 THOMAS MAGNUS, Archdeacon of the 
 East Riding in the Metropolitan Church of 
 ff 0tft> by Deed-Poll, gives, &c. to William 
 Hoolgyll, Clerk, Robert Chaloner, Edmund 
 Molyneux, William Burdon, Clerk, Peter 
 Langefelowe, Clerk, Adam Langley, Richard 
 Bevercotes, Richard Lucas, Thomas Clerke, 
 Lambert Watson, Nicholas Thompson, Thomas 
 Adwyn, otherwise called Thomas Lancastre, 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 285 
 
 Bartholomew JEykington, Robert Curson, 
 Hugh Gelston, Andrew Jackson, John Thak- 
 kei % , John Fulwood, William Hochekynson, 
 Robert Howes, William Phyllipot, William 
 Brynkley, and William Shawe. 
 
 148 Acres Pasture, ( in Sandwath near Bilbrught, in the 
 12 Ditto Wood, J County of the City of York, 
 
 21 Messuages, 3 Cottages, 
 200 Acres Land, 160 Ditto Meadow, 
 100 Ditto Pasture, 100 Ditto Heath, 
 240 Ditto Moor, 250 Ditto Marsh, 
 A Rent of 15d. A Fishery. 
 A Moiety of the Manor of Harwell. 
 
 In Harwell and Everton, in the County of Nottingham, 
 
 2 Messuages, 6 Cottages, 
 200 Acres Land, 40 Ditto Meadow, 100 Ditto Wood. 
 
 In Folkyngham, IValcottys, Boylby and Aslowby, in the 
 County of Lincoln, 
 
 To have and to hold to them and their 
 heirs to the use of the said Thomas Magnus 
 and his heirs, and to perform his last Will 
 thereof declared. 
 
 Also a letter of Attorney in the Deed to 
 deliver possession and seisin, which it appears 
 
286 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 by the Indorsements was done at Sandwath 
 the same day viz. June 20th, 1530, at Everton 
 the 21st, and at Folkyngham the 27th, of the 
 same month. 
 
 December 5th, 1530. 
 
 THOMA£ MAGNUS, Clerk, Archdeacon 
 of the East Riding in the Metropolitan Church 
 of York, by Deed-Poll, gives, &c. to the said 
 William Hoolgyll, &c. {Lambert Watson 
 excepted). 
 
 3 Messuages, 2 Cottages, 
 60 Acres Land, 40 Ditto Pasture, 200 Ditto Moor, 
 A Rent of Id, 
 
 In Mattersay, Mattersay Thorp, Barriby and Ranby, in the 
 County of Nottingham. 
 
 To have and to hold to them and their 
 heirs to the use of the said Thomas Magnus, 
 and his heirs, and to perform his last Will 
 thereof made. 
 
 Also a letter of Attorney in the Deed to 
 deliver possession, which it appears by the 
 Indorsement was done at Barnby upon the 
 same day. 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 287 
 
 February 24th, 1531. 
 
 THOMAS MAGNUS, Clerk, Archdeacon 
 of the East Riding, &c. by Deed-Poll, &c. &c. 
 
 2 Messuages, "^ In Newark upon Trent, in the 
 
 2 Gardens, > County of Nottingham. 
 
 One Acre of Pasture, J 
 
 Possession given the same day. 
 
 Total 1851 Acres, 28 Messuages, 11 Cottages, 
 2 Gardens, 1 Fishery, 2 Rent Charges, 1 Moeity of a Manor, 
 
 ABSTRACT 
 Of the Ordinances and Foundation 
 
 OF THE SCHOOLS OF 
 
 Grammar & Song, at Newark upon Trent, 
 
 AJfD OTHER CHARITABLE ACTS, 
 
 BY MR. THOMAS MAGNUS. 
 
 Recital of jf COfflllCllt to the use of his Will. 
 
 11 €t)i£ ^NttntUte made the xxj day of 
 
 February, in the xxiij yere of the Reigne of 
 our Soverayne Lord King Henry the VHIth, 
 betweene Thomas Magnus, Archdeacon of 
 Estridyng in the Cathedrall Churche of Yorke, 
 
288 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 on that one partie, and William Hoolgyll, 
 Clerk, and Edmonde Molyneux, Gentylman 
 on the other partye, !©ittene££ttfj that 
 whereas the saide Thomas Magnus hath 
 infeoffed the said William Hoolgyll and 
 Edmonde Molyneux, and also Robert Chaloner, 
 &c. &c. (as before recited) of and in all the 
 Landys, Tenements, and Heredytaments of the 
 sayde Thomas Magnus, in Sandwathe, nere 
 unto Bilburgh, with the appurtenances in the 
 Countie of the Citie of Yorke, Folkyngham, 
 Walcotys, Boulby, and Aslahie, in the Countie 
 of Lincoln ; Harwell, Everton, Matersay, 
 Matersay Thorp, Barnby, Ranby, and New- 
 ark xvpon Trent, in the Countie of Nottingham, 
 and elsewhere in the saide Counties of the 
 saide Citie of York, Lincoln, and Nottingham. 
 And the saide whiche Landys and Tenements 
 with the Appurtenances be of the clere yerely 
 value of xlii/. viiis, ivrf. or thereupon. The 
 same Landys and Tenements with the Appur- 
 tenances to be had unto the said William 
 Hoolgyll, &e*&c. &c. and to their Heyers and 
 Assignes to the use of the said Thomas Magnus 
 and of his Heyers for ever. And to thentent 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 289 
 
 thereof to accomplyshe and fulfyll the last 
 Will by the same Thomas Magnus declared, 
 or to be declared as by theyre several Dedys 
 thereof by the said Thomas Magnus to the said 
 Willm Hoolgyll, &c. (Then follows a power 
 to receive the rents and profits and the applica- 
 tion thereof appointed) 'Cfjat ys to saye xviiiZ. 
 Parcell of the Yssues, Revenues and Profitts of 
 the sayde Landys, Tenements and Heredyta- 
 ments shall yerely be payde and ymployde to 
 and for the Esetubition and fyndying of two 
 seculer honest Prests, whereof one Prest shall 
 have sufficient Connyng and Lernyng to teche 
 the Gramer, and the other Prest Connyng and 
 Lernyng to teche playne Song,* pryk Song,f 
 descant J: and to play at the Organs, and the 
 sayde two Prests frely shall teche and instruct 
 all Persons and Chyldren that will at Newarke 
 aforesaide come to Schole with them, and shall 
 be desposed to lerne."§ Thus far in the original 
 style. 
 
 * Song without notes. + Song by notes. 
 
 X Musical composition. 
 
 § The first song-schoolmaster, was Robert Kirkehye. Vid. 
 Choir. 
 
290 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 The masters were prohibited from making* 
 any charge ; but might receive presents for 
 teaching to play on the organ. The salary of 
 the Grammar-master, ^10. that of the Mu- 
 sician, ^8. Not to be absent without lawful 
 cause. To pray daily for the souls of King 
 Henry VII. and his Queen Elizabeth, the said 
 Thomas Magnus, John his father, Alice, his 
 mother, Johanne, Elizabeth and Katerina, his 
 sisters; and for all his other benefactors, fami- 
 liars, and for the estate of the inhabitants of 
 the town and parish of Newark. To be allow- 
 ed 30 days yearly for recreation and business, 
 the time or times optional. Two laymen may, 
 in a scarcity of honest Priests, be appointed. 
 Six children to be taught the organ, gratui- 
 tously, to sing at the celebration of mass at 
 the altar of the Virgin, six days in every 
 week, and on Friday at the mass of Jesus. 
 Their salaries, 26s. 8c?. yearly, by quarterly 
 payments. To be chosen by the Song- 
 schoolmaster. 40s. to be paid yearly for the 
 performance of an obit in the church, at the 
 altar of the Holy Trinity y for the souls of 
 Thomas Magnus, on the anniversary of his. 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 291 
 
 death, his father, mother, and benefactors. 
 The 40s. to be distributed in the following 
 manner : — 
 
 s. d. 
 To the Vicar, if he execute the dirge, and sing 
 
 the requiem, 2 4 
 
 If not, 1 
 
 Offering, 2 
 
 To each of the Parish Priests and Chauntry Priests, 6 
 To every other Priest present, not exceeding 21, ... 6 
 
 To the two Parish Clerks, each, 4 
 
 To each of the six Choristers, 2 
 
 To the Alderman of Trinity Guild, if present, and 
 
 offering, 2d 2 
 
 To his wife, subject to the said offering, 16 
 
 To the Alderman of Magdalen's Guild, offering \d. 16 
 
 To his Wife, offering Id. 12 
 
 To the Alderman of the Virgin's Guild, offering Id. 16 
 
 To his Wife, offering Id. 12 
 
 To the Alderman of Corpus Christ Guild, off. Id. 16 
 
 TohisWife, offering Id. 12 
 
 For Wax, burnt about the Herse, 2 4 
 
 To the Bellman, for ringing the Bells, what is customary. 
 
 The remainder to be given to the Poor. 
 
 Forty shillings to be paid yearly to the 
 Alderman of Trinity Guild, otherwise called 
 the Alderman of the Town. 
 
292 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 Forty shillings a year to the Chauntry 
 Priests, to pray at their dinner and supper 
 graces, for the souls of Thomas Magnus and 
 all christian souls, to be paid at Martinmas. 
 
 The Aldermen of Trinity and Mary Guilds, 
 taking to them six of the eldest and saddest 
 feoffees, with the advice of the church mas- 
 ters, shall let the premises for any term not 
 exceeding 21 years. The lease to be under 
 the Seal of the Vicar, two Aldermen, and six 
 feoffees. 
 
 If this indenture shall be frustrate by any 
 law or statute, the lands to be sold, and ap- 
 plied tb the same uses. 
 
 If the Guilds decay, then the Vicar, the 
 Bailiff* of the town, the church masters, and 
 other two the eldest of the feoffees, to have the 
 ordering of the premises in manner as afore* 
 said. 
 
 The profits yearly remaining over all the 
 aforesaid charges, to be put into a chest in the 
 
 
±riE FREE SCHOOL. 293 
 
 treasure house, under the keeping of the 
 church masters, with three locks and keys, to 
 he kept by the two Aldermen of Trinity and 
 Magdalen Guilds and Vicar. 
 
 Application of the remainder and accumula- 
 tion of the profits. 
 
 Defence of the title. 
 Reparation of the premises. 
 Renewal of the feoffments. 
 
 If the amount is above ^40. then the 
 surplus to be applied to putting the said lands 
 and tenements in mortmain. Or to the works 
 of the Church of Newark, or to some other 
 commonweal, as need shall require, if thought 
 necessary by the said Vicar, the two said 
 Aldermen and the church masters who are 
 appointed executors. 
 
 And that the Intents of the said covenants, 
 agreements and grants, may not hereafter be 
 put into oblivion, it is required, that upon 
 Trinity Sunday or the Monday next, after the 
 
294 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 finishing of their feasts there used, that the 
 Vicar, the two Aldermen, and Church masters, 
 do cause to be read, the names of the feoffees 
 for the time being, and to fill up the vacancies 
 if any are dead : and for so doing they shall 
 receive ten shillings towards the providing of 
 bread and wine. 
 
 The two school masters, with the consent 
 
 of the feoffees, to be chosen by the Vicar, and 
 
 the Aldermen of the four Guilds, namely, — 
 
 Trinity Guild, \ 
 
 Corpus Christi Guild, ^ in the Church of 
 Our Lady's Guild, ( Newark. 
 
 Mary Magdalen Guild. / 
 
 That upon the nomination of the Grammar 
 School-Master* he shall be, by the Vicar and 
 Aldermen, or two of them, presented to the 
 warden of the Friars Observant at Newark, 
 for the time being. And in case the said 
 warden shall find him sufficiently able in 
 vertue and connyng to teach the said gram- 
 mar, then shall his charge be delivered unto 
 him ; to which if he agree, his oath of office 
 shall be forthwith administered. 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 295 
 
 THE OATH, 
 
 I, C. D. being appointed master of the 
 'Grammar School in the parish of Newark 
 upon Trent, (and built by Master Thomas 
 Magnus, late Archdeacon of the East Riding 
 in the Metropolitan Church of York,) as Mas- 
 ter and instructor of scholars there, in honor 
 of the name of Jesus and of the Blessed Virgin 
 Mary, his Mother, swear to these things, by 
 the holy Gospel of God ; that, when I shall 
 have been inducted into this school for the 
 instruction and learning of scholars; from that 
 time I will not receive or partake of any 
 salary for my service, except the annual one 
 limited and assigned to me by the direction of 
 the said Master Thomas Magnus. The orders 
 and rules of this foundation declared to me 
 before, or to be declared hereafter and with 
 all and every of which being content, I w r ill 
 keep as far as lies in my power as a mortal 
 being ; nor will I fraudulently or maliciously 
 break them or any part thereof. So help me 
 < rod and the holy Gospel of God. 
 
296 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 Possession shall then be given by placing 
 him in his chair, and repeating to him as 
 fellows ; — 
 
 Ye be chosyn to be Maister, Instruct- 
 our, and Preceptour of this Scoole, and to 
 teche Chylder repayryng to the same, not 
 onely good Literature, Gramer and other 
 vertuous Doctrine, but also good Maners, 
 accordyng to the Ordynance of Maister Tho- 
 mas Magnus. Wherfore we doe ascertayne 
 you, that this is a perpetual Roome of Contynu- 
 ance upon your good Demeanour and Dutie 
 to be done in this Scoole. And at all suche 
 Tymes as the Vicare of Newark, and the 
 Alderman of the Trynitie Gilde, with the other 
 the Aldermen of Corpus Christi Gilde, Our 
 Ladyes Gilde, and Mary Mawdeleynes Gilde, 
 the Church Wardeyns and Maisters, and the 
 moore parte of the Feoffees of the said Laridys, 
 Tenements and other Heredytaments, wherof 
 ye shall have your Stypend, shall requyre you 
 to come afore theym, or three of theym, in the 
 Vestrye within the Parysshe Church of this the 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 297 
 
 Towne of Newark, or any other honest and 
 secret place, ye shall not onely be redy ther- 
 unto, but also ye shall applye you to reforme 
 yourself, and to amende suche thyngs whereof 
 perchaunce ye shall be then admonyshed and 
 warned, or ells ye shall submytte yourself to 
 the Correction and Reformation of the Arche- 
 deacon of Notyngham, or of his official ; and 
 so doyng your duete, ye shall contynue Maister 
 of this Scoole with Love and Favour, and 
 otherwise ye beyng resonably warned and 
 monysshed once, twyes, or thres of your evil 
 Demeanours, and not amendyng, nor submvt- 
 tyng yourself, as ys aforsaid, shall content and 
 dispose you to departe from this Roome. And 
 in case hereafter ye shall be determyned of 
 your owne Mynde and mere mocyon at any 
 tyme to departe from the same Roome, and to 
 refuse the Roome of Scool-Maister, ye shall 
 then gyve unto the Vicare of the Churche of 
 Newarke, to the Churche Maisters or Churche 
 Warndeyns there, and to the said Aldermen, 
 or to three of theyiii, special Warnyng and 
 Monvcyon at the least by the space of vj 
 Monthes or moe, oueless that in a moore brev r o 
 
 T 
 
298 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 tyme one other able and apte Person for that 
 Roome shall or may be well provided/' 
 
 " The said Vicare, Church Maisters, and 
 Aldermen, or three of theym, shall also say* 
 unto the said Person so admyttyd to be Scoole 
 Maisterof the said Gramer Scoole that he shall 
 not absent hymselfe fro the saide Scoole by 
 any longger Tyme then ys assigned by the 
 Ordynance> nor to have suche Libertie but 
 upon Licence askyd and optaynede of the saide 
 Vicare, yf he shall be present, and of the saide 
 Alderman of the Trinitie Gilde, and of the 
 other three Aldermen aforenaymd. And if any 
 Controversy^ Dyscorde or Debate shall fortune 
 to be betweene the saide Scool-maister any of 
 his Scoolers, or betweene the saide Scool-mai- 
 ster and any other Persone of the Towne or 
 Parietie of Newarke aforesaid, that then the 
 saide Scool-maister shall, for the peasing and 
 Reformation thereof, abyde to the order and 
 Dyrectyon of the saide Vicare of Newarke for 
 the tyme beyng, yf he be there present, and 
 of the Alderman of the Trinitie Gilde, and of 
 the other three Aldermen aforesaid for the 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 299 
 
 tyme beyng, or of three of them ; and that the 
 same Scool-maister in all other things shall 
 conforme hymselfe to the Ordynance made by 
 the said Maister Thomas Magnus; and fynally, 
 the said Vicare, Aldermen and Feoffees, shall 
 save to the saide Scool-maister, That in his so 
 doying God gyv hym Grace long with muche 
 Goodnes to contynue, and many Scoolers to 
 bryng forth in Vertue and good Lernyng. 
 Amen." 
 
 The Song Schoolmaster to be chosen by 
 the Vicar, the Church masters or wardens, 
 and the Aldermen of the four Guilds. 
 
 If either of the Schoolmasters misdemean 
 himself, and shall not use and order themselves 
 well and virtuously in every behalf according 
 to their diligence, and the said ordinances, 
 and diligently apply themselves to the teach- 
 ing of their scholars; it shall then be lawful 
 for the said Vicar and the said Aldermen, after 
 three monitions given to the said masters, or 
 to one of them, (so misusing or demeaning 
 himself) to shew to the above Arch-deacon of 
 
 t2 
 
300 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 Nottingham, for the time being, or his official, 
 for reformation or correction of the default of 
 the said masters, or such one of them as shall 
 so misuse himself, and in case the faults are 
 neither reformed or punished, the Vicar and 
 Aldermen aforesaid to detain the salary, till 
 submission is made. 
 
 But if the said Schoolmasters or either of 
 them, remain pertinaciously obstinate, then he 
 or they to be expelled the school. 
 
 And if the said Schoolmasters shall find 
 themselves aggrieved, either by non-payment 
 of the salaries, or otherwise, the case to be laid 
 before the said Arch-deacon, or his official, for 
 his determination. 
 
 ANCIENT 
 REGULATIONS OF THE SCHOOL. 
 
 " The said School-maisters, and either of 
 theym for the tyme b&yng, shall cause and 
 compell their Scoolers, every Worke-day in 
 the whiche the said Scoolers lerne or be taught, 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 301 
 
 to be in the Scoole by syx of the cloke in the 
 Mornyng, or soone after that Houre, and there 
 to remayne til it shal be nyne of the Cloke, 
 and then to goe to their Brekfast or Drynkyng j 
 and to be in the Scoole ageyn at tenne of the 
 Cloke, or nere unto that Houre, and then to 
 goe to theyr Dyners, and to be in the Scoole 
 ageyn at one of the Cloke, or within haife an 
 honre after, and there to remayne and tary 
 tyll yt shall be six of the Cloke, except tymes 
 lymyttyd for the said Scooters to be present at 
 Masses, and the Day in the whiche the saide 
 Obit shal be kept. And also except the After- 
 noons of such days wherein they shall have 
 licensed holidays. That there shall be Psalms 
 and Prayers every day at six in the morning 
 and six at the evening." 
 
 That the said Masters shall not be allowed 
 to grant Holidays to their Scholars, except on 
 a Tuesday or Thursday, or unless it be required 
 by any honorable or worshipful person, or other 
 of good fame, in which case the granting or 
 refusing shall be at the option of the Masters. 
 
302 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 Any of the Scholars either for disobedience, 
 obstinacy, or insolence, may, after being thrice 
 admonished, be expelled the School. 
 
 The above Indenture, examined and con- 
 firmed by the said Thomas Magnus, February 
 27th, 1531. 
 
 Feoffment renewed January 6th, 155 J, 
 (5 Ed. VI.) February, 1571, (14 Eliz.) 
 
 Mr. Magnus lived above 18 years after the 
 settlement of these great donations, a circum- 
 stance which much recommends and endears 
 his memory to the inhabitants of the town of 
 Newark, 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Many and great alterations have taken 
 place since the time of the original donor; 
 Altars, Masses, Requiems, Obits, with their 
 numerous train of attendants were swept away 
 at the reformation by that pious Monarch 
 Henry VIII. though, it is highly probable, had 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 303 
 
 not the tyrant been thwarted in his views of 
 cutting out one wife, and shuffling in another, 
 the sway of his Holiness would have continued 
 unimpeded to this day. The religious reform- 
 ists of those times, notwithstanding the nu- 
 merous errors they professed to have discovered 
 in Popery, prevailed upon themselves without 
 the least reluctance to take possession of 
 Popish Churches, and Popish Endowments; 
 nor, is it much doubted their regenerated 
 descendants, would be found squeamish about 
 "pushing from their stools" the present 
 possessors, if opportunity occurred. The 
 statute against superstitious uses, would have 
 rendered nugatory many of Mr. Magnus' 
 liberalities ; but that gentleman shrewdly 
 suspected, and consequently was provident 
 enough to guard against such an innovation. 
 The Guilds vanished, but Magnus' prescience 
 had ordered a remedy. 
 
 Matters however were, by the lapse of two 
 centuries, involved in such perplexity that in 
 the year 1738, a decree was obtained in Chan 
 eery which it may not be imnroDer to tran- 
 
304 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 scribe for the information of the inhabitants in 
 general. The Decree is dated January 13th, 
 1738. 
 
 This suit was instituted 
 Between, His Majesty's Attorney General, 
 at the relation of William Handley and John 
 Potter, Church-wardens of the Parish of 
 Newark upon Trent, and Parishioners and 
 Inhabitants there, and of Samuel Fisher, gent, 
 one of the Land-owners and Inhabitants there, 
 on behalf of the Parishioners and Inhabitants 
 of the said Town, Plaintiffs : 
 
 AttD, The Mayor and Aldermen of Newark 
 aforesaid, in their Corporate capacity, Henry 
 Martin, John Milnes, Samuel Rastall, Robert 
 Marris, John Herring, John Taylor, Christo- 
 pher Buckley, Edward Eastland, Benjamin 
 Farnsworth, Joseph Lund, William Hoyes, 
 Thomas Wilson, and Edivard Smith, the then 
 Mayor and Aldermen, and Bernard Wilson, 
 clerk, Vicar of the same place, Defendants. 
 
 This cause was heard on the 26th and 28th 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 305 
 
 days of June, 1736, before the Lord Chancel- 
 lor Talbot, who declared that the charities, in 
 the pleadings mentioned, given by Thomas 
 Magnus, clerk ; Robert Brown of Newark, 
 aforesaid, Esq. and William Philpott of New- 
 ark aforesaid merchant, should be established, 
 except what were given to superstitious uses. 
 
 The Mayor and Aldermen took exceptions 
 to this report, which were argued before the 
 Lord Chancellor Hardwick, on the 13th, and 
 15th days of December, 1/38, when the fol- 
 lowing Particulars or Articles were decreed. 
 
 EDecwe. 
 
 ORDER AS TO THE MANAGEMENT 
 OF MAGNUS' CHARITY. 
 
 a 
 
 HIS LORDSHIP doth Order, Adjudge 
 and Decree, that the first Article be, That a 
 Receiver be appointed on Monday in Whit- 
 sun-week next ensuing, between the hours of 
 one and two of the clock in the afternoon of 
 the same day, in the body of the Church of 
 Newark aforesaid : And that such Receiver be 
 
306 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 chosen and appointed at a meeting of the 
 Vicar of the Church of Newark aforesaid, the 
 Mayor, and next senior Alderman, and the 
 four Church-wardens, for the time being, of 
 the said Church of Newark, or the major part 
 of them, whereof the Vicar or Mayor to be 
 one, and the majority of those present to bind 
 the rest: And that such Receiver be removeable 
 at the pleasure of the said Vicar, Mayor, and 
 next senior Alderman and four Church-ward- 
 ens, or the major part of them, whereof the 
 Vicar or Mayor to be one, and the majority to 
 bind the rest; but such motion, and the ap- 
 pointment of a new Receiver, to be made only 
 at such meeting on the Monday in tFhitsun 
 week for that purpose, whereof public notice 
 is to be given in the Church, on the Sunday 
 fortnight before, immediately after Divine 
 Service. 
 
 1L And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
 and Decreed, that the second Article be, That 
 such Receiver do pay what he shall so receive 
 into the hands of the said four Church -wardens, 
 within eight days after the receipt thereof. 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 307 
 
 III. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
 and Decreed, that the third Article be : That 
 such Receiver do annually, on the 7th day of 
 January, between the hours of twelve and two 
 in the afternoon of the same day, unless the 
 said 7th day of January happen to be on a 
 Sunday, and then on the Monday following, 
 between the same hour-, in the body of the 
 Church of Newark aforesaid, pass his accompts 
 before the Vicar, the Mayor, the first senior 
 Alderman, and the four Church-wardens for 
 the time being, or the major part of them then 
 present, whereof the Vicar or Mayor to be one, 
 and the majority of those present to bind the 
 rest. And that after such accompts are passed, 
 the same, together with the Rental of the 
 Premises, be fairly transcribed into a book to 
 be provided for that purpose, and signed by 
 the Persons present at the allowance thereof. 
 
 IV. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged, 
 and Decreed, that the fourth Article be, That 
 the four Church-w T ardens do, until the several 
 Charity Estates be increased by the falling in 
 of Leases or otherwise, by the oversight and 
 
308 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 with the privity and consent of the Vicar, the 
 Mayor, and the first three senior Aldermen of 
 Newark aforesaid, for the time being, pay the 
 several sums of money, and at the several times, 
 and to the respective Persons herein after 
 mentioned and named ; that is to say, To the 
 Schoolmaster of the Grammar School twenty 
 pounds a year by equal payments at Michaelmas, 
 Christmas, Lady-day, and Midsummer. To 
 the Song School-master seventeen pounds a 
 year, quarterly by equal payments as aforesaid. 
 To the six Singing Boys eight pounds a year; 
 (that is to say) d'6. \3s. Ad. part thereof 
 towards their Maintenance, andj^l. 6s. Sd. 
 residue thereof, to be laid out in Gowns, or 
 Surplices; the ^6. 13s. 4d.to be paid quarter- 
 ly by equal payments as aforesaid. To the 
 Mayor of Newark, for the time being, two 
 pounds on Michaelmas day. To the Town 
 Clerk of the said town two pounds on Michael- 
 mas day, in consideration of the trouble he 
 will have, by reason of the directions hereby 
 given. And to the Receiver, on the day of 
 passing his Accompts, 13s. Ad. besides his 
 reasonable expenses. And to the Vicar, Mayor, 
 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 309 
 
 first senior Alderman, and four Churchwardens, 
 or to such of them as shall be present at the 
 passing of the Accompts two shillings a piece, 
 to be paid at the time of passing the said 
 Accompts, which said several payments do 
 amount together to the sum of ^50. 7$« 4rf. 
 
 V. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
 and Decreed, that the fifth Article be, That, 
 after paying of the several sums of money be- 
 fore mentioned, the residue of the Rents and 
 Profits of the said Premises be put into an iron 
 chest to be provided for that purpose, w r ith 
 three locks and three keys, to be kept in the 
 Treasury house in the Vestry of the Church of 
 Newark aforesaid, and the same to remain in 
 the same chest until the same shall amount to 
 the sum of forty pounds ; one key of the said 
 chest to be kept by the Mayor, another by the 
 ! Vicar, and the other key by the head Church- 
 warden, chosen by the town of Newark, for 
 the time being, 
 
 VI. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
 and Decreed, that the sixth Article be, That 
 
310 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 when the Surplus or Residue of the Rents and 
 Profits of the said Premises, after the Payments 
 aforesaid are made, shall amount to the sum of 
 Forty Pounds, that then the Town Clerk of 
 Newark aforesaid do cause public notice to 
 be given on a Sunday immediately after divine 
 service, of a meeting to be had by the Vicar, 
 Mayor, first senior Alderman, and four Church- 
 wardens of Newark aforesaid for the time 
 being, or the major part of them then present, 
 whereof the Vicar or Mayor to be one, and the 
 majority of those present to bind the rest, for 
 the disposition of such surplus or residue, which 
 meeting shall always be some day within a 
 fortnight after such surplus shall amount to 
 the said sum of forty pounds, in the body of the 
 Church of Newark, between the hours of 
 nine and ten of the clock in the morning of the 
 same day ; at which meeting, the Vicar, Mayor, 
 first senior Alderman and four Churchwardens, 
 or the major part of them then present, where- 
 of the Vicar or Mayor to be one, and the ma- 
 jority of those present to bind the rest, are, by 
 writing under their hands to direct and appoint 
 the payment and application of such residue 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 311 
 
 M surplus in repairing or beautifying the 
 Church of Newark aforesaid, or some other 
 good work or works for the common good and 
 weal of the said tow r n, as they shall think most 
 necessary and convenient, and most agreeable 
 to the donation and intention of the said 
 Thomas Magnus. And that they do cause 
 such order and direction to be fairly transcribed 
 into a book to be provided for that purpose, 
 and to be signed by them, and kept in the said 
 chest, 
 
 VII. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
 and Decreed, that the seventh Article be : 
 That when any Leases of the said Premises 
 shall expire or any part of the said Premises 
 shall be untenanted, that the same be let at 
 the full improved value, without any fine to 
 be taken in any respect thereof. And that no 
 Lease or Leases be granted for any longer time 
 than twenty-one years, nor any Lease or Leases 
 granted of the said Premises, or any part there- 
 ; of, without the privity and consent of the 
 Mayor, and first three senior Aldermen, the 
 Vicar and four Cliurrh-wardcns, for the time 
 
312 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 being, of the town and Church of Newark, or 
 the major part of them, whereof the Vicar or 
 Mayor to be one. 
 
 VIII. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
 and Decreed, that the eighth Article be: That 
 before any part of the said Estate shall be let 
 on Lease, or otherwise, the Tow r n Clerk of 
 Newark aforesaid for the time being, shall 
 cause public notice to be given by the Parish 
 Clerk on a Sunday, in the Church of Newark 
 aforesaid, immediately after Divine Evening 
 Service, of the time and place of letting such 
 Estates, at least ten days before the letting of 
 the same. And that the said Estates shall 
 always be let in the body of the Church at 
 Newark aforesaid, between the hours of twelve 
 and two of the clock of the day appointed for 
 letting the same to the person or persons that 
 will give the most Rent for the same. Provided 
 such person or persons shall be esteemed by 
 the Mayor, three senior Aldermen, the Vicar, 
 and four Church-w r ardens of Newark afore- 
 said, for the time being, or the major part of 
 them present, whereof the Mayor or Vicar to 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 313 
 
 be one, to be capable of paying, or giving good 
 security to pay the Rent of the same. 
 
 IX. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
 and Decreed, that the ninth Article be, That 
 in case any Lease or Leases is, or are agreed 
 upon at the time aforesaid, that such Lease 
 or Leases shall pass under the common seal of 
 the Corporation of Newark, and under the 
 hands and seals of the Mayor, three senior 
 Aldermen, Vicar, and four Church-wardens 
 for the time being, of the said Town and 
 Church of Newark, or the major part of them. 
 And that they take a counterpart of such 
 Lease or Leases from the Lessee or Lessees of 
 the said premises, executed by him, her, or 
 them, and shall deposit the same in the said 
 iron chest. 
 
 X. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
 and Decreed, that the tenth Article be : That 
 the Grammar Schoolmaster and Song School- 
 master upon any future vacancy, to be chosen 
 by the Vicar and the Mayor, and twelve Alder- 
 men of Newark aforesaid, or the major part 
 
 x 
 
*-> 
 
 14 THE FREE SCHOOL, 
 
 of them present, whereof the Mayor or Vicar 
 to be one, at a meeting to be had for that pur- 
 pose ; of which meeting, the Town Clerk of 
 Newark aforesaid is to cause public notice to 
 be given by the parish clerk of the Church of 
 Newark aforesaid, in the Church of Newark 
 aforesaid, immediately after evening divine 
 service, at the least ten days before such 
 meeting, which is to be in the body of the 
 Church of Newark aforesaid* 
 
 XL And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
 and Decreed, that the eleventh article be, 
 That the master of the said Song-school dd, 
 from time to time, chuse at his discretion, 
 out of the boys, inhabitants of the said Town of 
 Newark, being scholars at the said Grammar 
 School of Newark aforesaid, such a number 
 of boys, in case of a vacancy of the present 
 boys, as shall be wanting to fill up the present 
 number of six, such as he shall judge to be apt 
 for singing and playing on the organ; but none 
 of them to be chosen without the consent of 
 their Parents or Guardians, nor under the age 
 of ten years, nor to continue in the said Song- 
 
 i 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 315 
 
 school any longer than until they have attain- 
 ed respectively their ages of eighteen years. 
 But in ca«e boys proper for that purpose shall 
 not be found in the Grammar School, then 
 such vacancies to be filled up out of the chil- 
 dren of the Town of Newark. 
 
 XII. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
 and Decreed, that the twelfth Article be, 
 That when any of the Leases now subsisting 
 shall expire or drop in, that the increase of the 
 Rents and Profits which shall arise thereby, be 
 divided into twelve equal parts, and be dis- 
 posed of as followeth (that is to say) That six- 
 parts of the said twelve parts be paid and ap- 
 plied to the augmenting and advancing the 
 salary of the said Grammar School-master, un- 
 til the same shall be augmented and increased 
 to the sum of forty pounds a year : That one 
 part of the said twelve parts of the said increase 
 of the said Revenues of the said Estates, to be 
 applied and paid to the said Song Schoolmaster, 
 until the said Song Schoolmaster's salary shall 
 be increased and augmented to the sum of 
 Twenty Pounds a year ; And that four parti of 
 
 x2 
 
316 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 the said twelve parts of the said increase of the 
 said Revenues of the said Estates, be applied 
 and paid to the said singing Boys, until their 
 salary or allowance shall amount to the sum 
 of Twenty-four Pounds a year in the whole ; 
 And that the remaining one-twelfth part of the 
 increase of the Revenues of the said Estates be 
 applied and paid to the Receiver of the said 
 Estates, until his salary or allowance amount 
 to the sum of Three Pounds a year, besides his 
 reasonable expenses. And that after the seve- 
 ral augmentations and increases of the salaries 
 or allowances aforesaid are made and paid, the 
 residue of said increased Rents and Profits, if 
 any shall be, shall from time to time, be put 
 into the aforesaid iron chest, with three locks 
 and three keys, and the same to remain in the 
 same chest, until the same shall amount to the 
 sum of Twenty Pounds. 
 
 XIII. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
 and Decreed, that the thirteenth Article be : 
 That when the surplus or residue of the Rents 
 and profits of the said premises, after the pay- 
 ments aforesaid are made, shall amount to the 
 
THE FR^E SCHOOL. 317 
 
 sum of Twenty Pounds, that then the Town 
 Clerk of Newark aforesaid, do cause public 
 notice to be given on a Sunday, immediately 
 after divine service, of a meeting to be had by 
 the Vicar, Mayor, first senior Alderman, and 
 four Churchwardens of the Church of Newark 
 aforesaid, for the time being, or the major 
 part of them, whereof the Vicar or Mayor for 
 the time being, to be one of them, for the dis- 
 position of such surplus or residue ; which 
 meeting shall always be on some day within a 
 fortnight after such surplus shall amount to the 
 said sum of Twenty Pounds, in the body of the 
 Church of Newark aforesaid, between the 
 hours of nine and ten of the clock in the morn- 
 ing of the same day ; at which meeting, the 
 Vicar, Mayor, first senior Alderman, and four 
 Churchwardens, or the major part of them 
 then present, whereof the Vicar or Mayor to 
 be one, are, by writing, under their hands, to 
 direct and appoint the payment and applica- 
 tion of such residue or surplus in repairing or 
 beautifying the Church, or some other good 
 work or works for the common good and weal 
 of the said town of Newark, as thev shall 
 
318 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 think most necessary and convenient, and most 
 agreeable to the donation and intention of the 
 said Thomas Magnus. And that they do cause 
 such order and directions to be fairly tran- 
 scribed into a book, to be provided for that 
 purpose, and to be signed by them, and kept 
 in the said chest. And in case there shall be 
 an equal division of the said persons present at 
 such meeting, then they are to take unto them 
 the two Masters of the said Grammar and Song 
 Schools for the time being, and the two Alder- 
 men of the said town next in seniority, who, 
 together with the persons that shall be so pre- 
 sent as aforesaid, or the major part of them, 
 shall determine the same. * 
 
 £. $. d. 
 The original Rental of Mr. Magnus* Estates, 
 
 in 1531, 42 8 4 
 
 The Rental of ditto, inl768,.... 396 17 8 
 
 The Everton&Mattersey Estates,.. 1818,.... 2097 4 
 
 The Sandwath Estate, 1818,.... 385 
 
 The Barnby Estate, . 1818,.... 42 
 
 The Lincolnshire Estates are lost. 
 
 * The addition of an even number to an even number, 
 seems to be an odd method of providing for a determination 
 by majority j but Law and Mathematics are two distinct 
 things. 
 
THE FREE SCHOOL. 319 
 
 PRESENT STATE OF THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 On the decease of the Rev. Davies Pennell, 
 in 1814, the Rev. J. B. Wittenoom, from 
 Brazen Nose College, Cambridge, was appoint- 
 ed Grammar School Master, who in the year 
 1818, made numerous additions to the original 
 building, by erecting a very large and com- 
 modious school room, converting the late one 
 into a habitable dwelling, and raising an entire- 
 ly new suite of rooms in front, with many other 
 contiguous improvements. 
 
 Mr. Wittenoom's success in his most arduous 
 undertaking, of applying Dr. Bell's mode of 
 tuition to the classics, has hitherto been, 
 deservedly, unequalled; and clearly evinces 
 that the clouds of ignorance and bigotry, which 
 have too long shrouded the horizon of educa- 
 tion, are at length diverberated and dispersing 
 before the all powerful sun of reason. The 
 discerning public are entitled to the highest 
 honor through cherishing this attempt to 
 emancipate the youthful mind from those 
 sombrous shackles by which, for centuries it 
 
320 THE FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 has been enthralled. Mr. Wittenoom has pass- 
 ed the Rubicon, every succeeding hour is his 
 powerful auxiliary and conviction with decided 
 aspect brings up his rear. Man is no longer 
 to be fooled out of the operative evidence of 
 his senses, the day is past and never to return.* 
 
 * In the year 1757, on a dispute arising concerning an 
 election of the two Commoners, a case was drawn, and laid 
 before George Perrott, Esq. of the Inner Temple, for his 
 opinion upon the several allegations therein contained. 
 Numerous, and as it appeared to Mr. Perrott, frivolous in 
 some instances, were the queries in this application; one 
 however seems to deserve particular notice, as it tends to 
 fehew the strange difference between man and man. — " That 
 the said Master doth now not only receive the said salary 
 of £40 a year as Grammar Schoolmaster, with a good house 
 to live in, but also a further salary of £20 a year paid out of 
 the saidPhillipott's estate, as Usher of the said School, though 
 he so shamefully neglects the said School, that he has now 
 only about ten scholars out of the whole parish of Newark" 
 
 The Seminary now consists of 30 day scholars, besides 
 92 boarders. 
 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY OF THE TOWN 
 
 OF 
 
 Uetoavft upon ftvtuU 
 
 In the County of Nottingham , 
 
 COMPRISING 
 
 AN ACCOUNT OF ITS ANTIQUITIES, 
 
 EDIFICES, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, CHARITIES, 
 
 CHARTERS, ETC. 
 
 BY RICHARD PHILLIPS S HILTON 
 
 PART II. 
 
 NEWARK: 
 Printed and sold by S. and J 4 Ridge; 
 
 SOLD ALSO BY 
 S. RIDGE, GRANTHAM ; AND BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY 
 PATERNOSTER-ROW, LONDON. 
 
 1820. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 OF PART II. 
 
 page 
 Extract from the Will of Robert Brown, 321 
 
 William Phillipott, 332 
 
 Sales of Brown's and Phillipott 9 s Estates, 363 
 
 Town Hall, 367 
 
 Charitable Donations, 377 
 
 Address to the Parishioners of Newark 
 
 upon Trent, 1748, 437 
 
 Guilds or Ancient Corporations, 488 
 
 Incorporation of the Town of Newark, . . 443 
 
 Representatives in Parliament, t . . . 456 
 
 Ancient Topography of Newark, ...... 461 
 
 Ancient Inns, 466 
 
 — Paving, # 486 
 
 Workhouse, 489 
 
 Present State of Newark, 499 
 
 Troop of Cavalry, 504 
 
 Volunteers, 507 
 
IV CONTENTS OP PART II. 
 
 Hercules Clay, page 515 
 
 Coincidental Fatalities, 517 
 
 Ordination concerning the Vicarage, .... 527 
 
 Dissenting Chapels, 536 
 
 Associated Schools, 536 
 
 Banks, 539 
 
 Increase of Commerce at Newark, 540 
 
 Brewery, 542 
 
 Theatre, 543 
 
 Old Bowling Green, 544 
 
 New Bowling Green, 545 
 
 Haling-path Bridge, 545 
 
 Brown's Tomh, 547 
 
 Taxes, 548 
 
 Index. 
 
321 
 
 EXTRACT FROM THE WILL Of 
 
 ROBERT ttROWN, OF NEWARK UPON TRENT, 
 In the County of Nottingham, Esq. 
 
 TOUCHING HIS DONATION TO THE SAID TOWN, 
 Bearing date Sept. 4th, 1532, and 24 Hen. VIII. 
 
 Whereas, I have enfeoffed by my Deed 
 indented tripartite, Robert Markham, Esq. 
 Henry Sutton, of Averham, in the County of 
 Nottingham, Esq. William Molyneux, of Hal- 
 ton, in the said County, Gentleman ; Richard 
 Bever cotes and Richard Lucas, of Neivark 
 aforesaid, Gentlemen ; Lambert Watson, Ro- 
 bert Curson, Thomas Lewyn, William Philipot, 
 William Brynkeley, Hugh Gelston, Robert 
 Jackson, William Younge, John Fulwood, 
 Nicholson Tyxton, Hemy Wise, John Th/tck- 
 er, and Thomas Spa?iyng, of Newark afore- 
 said, Yeomen ; of and in all my Lands and 
 Tenements, Rents, Reversions, Services and 
 
322 BROWN'S DONATION. 
 
 Hereditaments, with their Appurtenances, as 
 well in use as in possession, being Freehold or 
 Charterhold, in the Town and Fields of New- 
 ark, Northgate, nigh Newark , Balder ton and 
 Codyngton ; to have and to hold the same un- 
 to him the said Robert Markham, and his 
 said Cofeoffees, and their Heirs, to and for 
 the performance of my last Will and Testa- 
 ment, J^Q it is now by these presents I will 
 that the said Robert Markham, and his said 
 Cofeoffees, their Heirs and Assigns, shall stand 
 and be seized of and in the premises to the 
 use of me the said Robert Brown, for the 
 term of my natural life, without impeachment 
 of waste; and immediately after my decease, 
 of all the said Lands Tenements, and Heredi- 
 taments, (except one Tenement called the 
 Boore, in Castillgate, with a Garden or Gar- 
 den-stead, and one Tenement in Milnegate) to 
 the use and intent that my said Feoffees, their 
 Heirs and Assigns, shall yearly, for the space 
 of nineteen years next after my decease,* con- 
 
 * The devise of Mr. Brown, that his Feoffees, should, 
 yearly, for the space of nineteen years, &c. seem?, at first 
 view, some what singular, but the reason of it is evident, 
 
BROWN'S DONATION. 323 
 
 tent and pay to th$ Vicar of Newark aforesaid 
 for the time being", and of his successors Vicars 
 of Newark aforesaid ; or, in his or their 
 default, to him that shall have the name of 
 the Alderman of Trinity Gild there for the 
 time being, all sums of money as shall be 
 levied, perceived, or gathered of the Rents, 
 Issues and Profits of the same Lands, Tene- 
 ments and Hereditaments (except before ex- 
 cepted) or else for the same nineteen years 
 suffer the said Vicar and his successors, and 
 Aldermen for the time being, to perceive, take, 
 and have the same; to the intent that the same 
 shall be employed, bestowed, and spent to the 
 us$ of the commonwealth of the town of 
 
 upon consideration had of the statute against supertitiouc 
 uses, 23 Hen. VIII. Mr. Brown's Will bears date not six 
 months after the commencement of that statute, which avoids 
 certain uses if made to endure above the term of 20 years. 
 
 Mr. Brown (as appears l>y his Epitaph; died December 
 10th, 1532. Consequently the term of nineteen years would 
 have expired by lapse of time in December, 1551. But the 
 Lands were conveyed to the Alderman and Assistants, and 
 their successors, within the term (viz. in the last year) as 
 was agreeable to Mr. Brown's Will, if it should appear his 
 Donation could be established by the Law. * 
 
324 BROWN'S DONATION. 
 
 Newark aforesaid, whether it shall be to the 
 reparation of the Church there, or any good 
 works to be done in the said town of Newark, 
 as mending of Highways, as it shall be thought 
 most expedient from time to time by the 
 direction of my Executors, or the Survivors 
 of them; or by the Vicar of Newark aforesaid, 
 or his successors Vicars there, and Aldermen 
 of the Trinity Gild of Newark aforesaid for 
 the time being. And in case my present Will 
 and Testament may not by the law be made 
 sure for ever within the said nineteen years 
 for the continuance of my said Will, Intent 
 and Purpose in the same ; then I Will that 
 the next heir, immediately after the said 
 nineteen years be passed, or as soon after the 
 end of the said nineteen years as conveniently 
 may be, my Executors, or the survivors or 
 survivor of them ; or the Executors or Admi- 
 nistrators of the survivor of them, or the Vicar 
 of Newark for the time being, or the Prior of 
 the Monastery of the Holy Trinity of Bevall 
 in the County of Nottingham for the time 
 being, shall bargain and sell all the said Lands, 
 Tenements and Hereditaments (except before 
 
BROWNS DONATION. 325 
 
 excepted) and the money thereof coming, to 
 distribute and dispose for the benefit of my 
 soul, and for the commonwealth of the 6aid 
 town of Newark. 
 
 April 30th, 1551, (5 Ed. VI.) 
 
 By Deed Poll Robert Robinson, Iron- 
 monger, and John Wilson, Mercer, both of 
 Newark, for certain considerations them mo- 
 ving, enfeoff William Blank, Robert Baxter, 
 and John Key, of Newark, of and in all and 
 singular the Messuages, Cottages, Lands, 
 Tenements and Hereditaments following ; 
 that is to say, 
 
 Situation, 
 One Tenement with a Garden and Selion, Barnby-gate. 
 
 Twoditto, ditto. 
 
 One ditto, „ Middle-gate. 
 
 One ditto, Balderton-gate, 
 
 Three Cottages and Garden, ditto. 
 
 One Tenement and Croft, Carter-gate. 
 
 One ditto, ditto. 
 
 One Barn with a Croft, Beamond. 
 
 One Barn, ditto. 
 
 Lands, Tenements, Bam and Croft, in the 
 
 Tenure of Richard Caluey, Milne-gat. 
 
 One Tenement and Garden, ditto. 
 
326 
 
 BROWN'S DONATION 
 
 Situation. 
 
 One Tenement and Garden, Castle-gate. 
 
 One ditto, . . Coke-row. 
 
 One ditto with a Shop, Garden and Barn, Stodmer-street, 
 
 One ditto, ditto, ditto. 
 
 Two Gardens called Saffern yard, ditto. 
 
 Moiety of one Toft, called Cont Croft, Potter-dike. 
 
 Three Tenements with each a Garden, . . . Kirk-gate. 
 Two Messuages in the Tenure of John 
 
 Corbridge, 
 
 Land in Newark field, in the Tenure of 
 
 John Corhridge, I Acre, 
 
 One Tenement and Croft, North-gate. 
 
 Land, lin the open fields and f 30 Acres, ditto. 
 Meadow, {territories of the same, f 3 Acres, ditto. 
 
 Three Cow Gates, in the Cow pasture,. . . ditto. 
 
 One Tenement and Croft, ditto. 
 
 Meadow and Pasture, 27 Acres, ditto. 
 
 Two Cow Gates and a half, ditto. 
 
 One Tenement with a Garden and Barn, ditto. 
 
 One Tenement ........ ditto, ..... . . ditto. 
 
 One Cottage with a Garden and one Selion 
 
 of arable land, ditto. 
 
 One Tenement, «... . . ditto. 
 
 Meadow and Pasture, 40 Acres, ditto. 
 
 Two Cow Gates, ditto. 
 
 One Close of Pasture, by estimation 2 Acres ditto. 
 
 Moiety of one Tenement, ditto. 
 
 All which said Lands, Tenements and 
 Hereditaments are situate and being in New- 
 
BROWN'S DONATION, 327 
 
 Ark aforesaid, and in the territories and pre- 
 cincts thereof. 
 
 also, Situation, 
 
 One Tenement and Croft, Coddington. 
 
 Land and Meadow, 8 Acres, ditto. 
 
 Land in the open Field, 10 Acres, .... Balderton. 
 
 Moiety of a Tenement, ditto. 
 
 Land, ditto. 
 
 Total 2 Messuages, 4 Cottages, 22 Tenements, 5 Barns, 
 1 Shop, 121 Acres of Land, besides others not specified, 
 6 Crofts, 7f Cow Gates, 2 Selions and J a Toft. 
 
 To have and to hold to them and their heirs 
 to the use of them and their heirs. Livery of 
 seisin was made the same day, as appears by 
 the Indorsement. 
 
 September 2nd, 1551, (5 Ed. VI.) 
 
 By Deed Poll, Henry Sutton of Averham, 
 Knt. Robert Markham of Spanby, in the 
 County of Lincoln, Esq. William Phillpot of 
 Newark, Merchant; Hugh Gelston of Newark, 
 Draper; and John Thacker of Hull, Merchant; 
 remise, release, and quit-claim to William 
 
328 BROWN'S DONATION. 
 
 Blank, Robert Baxter, and John Key, and 
 their heirs, all their right, &c. in Newark, 
 Northgate, Coddington and Balderton, or else- 
 where, in the County of Nottingham, formerly 
 Robert Brown's, Esq. 
 
 September 28, 1551, (5 Ed. VL) 
 
 By Deed Poll William Blank, Tallow 
 Chandler, Robert Baxter, School-master, and 
 John Key, Ironmonger ; all of Newark, for 
 certain considerations them moving {by the 
 King's Licence first obtained) give, grant, and 
 confirm to the Alderman and assistants, inhabit- 
 ants of the town of Newark upon Trent, in 
 the County of Nottingham, and to their suc- 
 cessors, all &c. (being exactly the same 
 Messuages, Cottages, Lands, &c. as were 
 before given to Blank, Baxter and Key, by 
 Robinson and Wilson, and described in their 
 Deed) to have and to hold the same to the 
 aforesaid Alderman and Assistants, inhabitants 
 of the town of Newark aforesaid, and to their 
 successors for ever. 
 
BROWN'S DONATION. 329 
 
 REMARKS, 
 BY AN ANONYMOUS AUTHOR WHO WROTE 
 
 In the year 1748. 
 
 " Robinson and Watson who enfeoffed 
 Blank, Baxter and Key, stood not in any 
 relation to Mr. Brown, either as his feoffees, 
 heirs at law, or executors. Some of the 
 surviving feoffees lived at a distance from 
 Brown's lands; and to them it might have 
 been inconvenient to make livery of seisin, 
 which, at that time, was the usual method of 
 conveyance. So Robinson and Watson, by 
 advice, enter into the lands, as claiming title, 
 and disseize the feoffees, whereby they gain a 
 tortious and wrongful estate to them and their 
 heirs; they then convey by feoffment to Blank, 
 Baxter and Key, who being thus in seizin and 
 possession, the surviving feoffees release to 
 them all their right, &c. After which Blank, 
 &c. convey to and settle the estate in the 
 Corporation/' 
 
 The yearly rent roll, a* it stood in 1768, 
 
 was ^178. ISs. 6ct. 
 
 v 
 
330 BROWN'S DONATION. 
 
 DECREE. 
 
 January 13th, 1738. 
 
 His Lordship by a decree consisting of nine 
 articles confirmed the Will of Robert Brown y 
 against the Corporation, with full costs of suit. 
 
 Art. 1. The receiver to be chosen by the 
 Vicar and Mayor, but if they shall not agree, 
 or one of them be absent, the senior Alderman 
 and two of the Churchwardens chosen by the 
 parishioners shall be called in. 
 
 Art. 2. The receiver to deposit the money 
 in an iron chest, with three locks and three 
 keys. 
 
 Art. 3. To account the first of January 
 yearly, before the Vicar and Mayor, and if 
 they shall not agree, or either be absent, the 
 senior Alderman and two of the Church- 
 wardens, chosen by the parishioners to be 
 called in. The accompt to be signed by the 
 Trustees, and kept in the chest. 
 
 Art. 4. The money to be applied towards 
 the repairs of the Church, or such othfer good 
 
 
BROWN'S DONATION. 331 
 
 works for the common weal of the town as 
 shall be more agreeable to Brown's donation. 
 
 Art. 5. The directions touching the 
 application of such Money to be transcribed 
 into a book, signed, and deposited in the chest. 
 
 Art. 6. Leases of any part of the property 
 not to exceed 21 years, and to be let at the 
 best value. 
 
 Art. 7. Ten days notice to be given of 
 such letting, which shall be in the body of 
 the Church, and to the best bidder; provided 
 the security for the payment of rent is approved 
 by the Vicar and Mayor. 
 
 Art. 8. Leases to pass under the Corpora- 
 tion Seal, and the hands and seals of the Mayor 
 or Vicar. Counter parts of such Leases to be 
 kept in the chest. 
 
 Art. 9. The Receiver's salary to be 40*. 
 a year. 
 
 y2 
 
332 
 
 EXTRACT FROM THE WILL OF 
 
 WILLIAM PHILLIPOT, OF NEWARK UPON TRENT, 
 In the County of Nottingham, Merchant; 
 
 TOUCHING HIS DONATION TO THE SAID TOWN, 
 
 Bearing* date March 18, 1556, 
 And 3rd and 4th Philip and Mary. 
 
 I do give to Elizabeth Phillipot my wife, 
 for her dowry and thirds of my Lands, all 
 these Lands, Rents and Tenements, with their 
 Appurtenances, as hereafter shall appear, du- 
 ring her life natural. First, 
 
 Yearly Rent. 
 £. 5. d. 
 
 e. 
 
 6 13 4 
 
 One Tenement wherein I do dwell, some time. 
 
 called the Ram, with all the edifications and 
 
 buildings in as ample and large manner as 
 
 do now occupy the same, 
 One other Tenement in Middlegate, in the^ 
 
 occupation of Harry Houghton, J 2 
 
 One Cottage in ditto, William Modie, 6 8 
 
 One other Tenement in ditto, Chist. Braforth, 6 
 One great Garden in ditto, Self, 13 
 
 One Cottage in Cdstlegate, John Blacktoft, 6 
 
PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 333 
 
 Yearly Rent. 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Three Leys & Headland in ditto, (Barbor Closures) 10 
 
 Two ditto open, in ditto, Roger Batheline, 
 
 One Cottage in Middlegate, John Herringham, 4 
 
 One other ditto in ditto, John Heithcote, 4 
 
 One ditto ditto, in ditto, George Golland, 10 
 
 In all by the year 11 14 
 
 2fin& fUttfjer, I will that all the aforesaid 
 Lands, Tenements, and Closures, with all 
 their Appurtenances, immediately after the 
 decease of the said Elizabeth Phillipot my 
 wife, do remain, wholly to the Alderman and 
 the twelve Assistants, inhabitants of the town 
 of Newark upon Trent aforesaid, and to their 
 successors for ever, in such sort as I shall fur- 
 ther declare hereafter by this my present last 
 Will and Testament. 
 
 THE BEAD HOUSE. 
 
 3filtiJ tof)£tta& of late I have at my proper 
 costs and charges made, erected, builded, 
 finished and set up, one House, with a Chapel 
 in the same, in Coddington-lane> within the 
 
334 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 
 
 town of Newark aforesaid ; which House and 
 Chapel I made to be an Alms-house, for the 
 continual ease, finding and lodging of jive 
 poor men to be therein lodged, found and 
 eased from time to time, and from age to 
 age for ever : to the intent that such jive poor 
 men, for the time being, shall and may con- 
 tinually for ever pray for the good and prosper- 
 ous estate of the King and Queen's Majesties 
 that now be, and of the heirs and successors 
 of the same Queen, for the prosperity, tran- 
 quillity and peace of this realm of England ; 
 and for the souls of our late Sovereign Lords 
 King Henry the Eighth, and King Edward the 
 Sixth; and for our said Sovereign Lady the 
 Queen, after her departure out of this transi- 
 tory life ; for my soul and my wife's soul, and 
 all Christian souls ; which my purpose, as I 
 assuredly trust it doth stand with the pleasure 
 of Almighty God, so minding to have the same 
 established and provided to have continuance 
 for ever. 
 
THILLIPOT'S DONATION. 335 
 
 ENDOWMENT. 
 
 Qfytttfott I Will and Devise, Give and 
 Bequeath by these Presents, unto the Alder- 
 man and the twelve Assistants, inhabitants of 
 the town of Newark upon Trent aforesaid, 
 and to their successors for ever, all and singu- 
 lar the said House and Chapel last above 
 rehearsed, together with all easements back- 
 sides, profits, commodities, and pleasures, 
 thereunto appertaining with the appurtenan- 
 ces. SfiltJ) also, all and singular these other 
 Messuages, Cottages, Lands, Tenements, 
 Rents, and other Hereditaments, hereafter 
 ensuing, that is to say, — 
 
 Yearly Rent. 
 £. s. d. 
 One Tenement in Newark aforesaid in the Pave-\ 
 
 ment, in the occupation of Robert Ho wesse, \ 2 10 
 
 One Garden i n Coddington-lane, J 
 
 One Tenement in the Pavement , in the occupa-^ 
 
 tion of Robert Chambers, Smith, > 2 13 i 
 
 One Garden in Balderton-gate y ditto, J 
 
 One Tenement on the Brigge, in the occupation 1 
 
 of Robert Thornton, Corvysser, > 14 
 
 One Tenement in Balder tong ate, in the occupa- 1 
 
 tion of Robert Claic, Tyler, . . . . ^ £ 2 
 
 >2 
 
7 
 8 
 
 336 FHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 
 
 Yearly Rent. 
 £. s. d. 
 
 One Tenement adjoining ditto, John Auclaie, 4 
 One piece of Ground in North gate, John Parker, 4 
 One ditto, ditto, ditto, 6 
 
 One Chief Rent out of a Tenement ditto, John 
 
 Leminge, Pewterer, 
 One ditto ditto, Stodmer-street, Robert Ringe- 
 
 stone, Corvysser, 
 One Cottage in Barnby-gate, Richard Crabtree, '030 
 One Cottage in ditto, Richard Aumbrie, 4 
 
 One Cottage ditto, Christ. Shaklocks, 7 
 
 One Cottage ditto, Roger Langton, 3 
 
 One Cottage ditto, William Sawtree, 4 
 
 One Chief Rent out of a Tenement ditto, William 
 
 Townshend, 
 One ditto or obit rent ditto, ditto, Roger Hogen, 3 2 
 One Tenement in Stoke, William Ellat, 19 8 
 
 Certain Land and Meadow (Copyhold) Farndon, ") 
 
 John Arnale, f 
 
 One Tenement, North Muskham, Robert Sibson, 6 
 One Cottage ditto, John Coll, 5 
 
 One Manor House ditto, John Bradlaie, "J 
 
 Four Cottages ditto, ditto, > 3 7 
 
 One Tenement ditto, William Holmes, 15 4 
 
 } 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 In all by the year 17 6 
 
 3Qnb ai$0, where heretofore I have given 
 to Elizabeth my wife, during her life natural, 
 
PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 337 
 
 nine acres of meadow and one rood, lying in 
 the meadows of Holme aforesaid, now in mine 
 own occupation, which was purchased of 
 Gregory Barton, and is of the yearly rent of 
 Forty Shillings ; I will that immediately after 
 the decease of the said Elizabeth my wife, the 
 said nine acres of meadow and one rood re- 
 main unto the Alderman and the twelve 
 Assistants, inhabitants of Newark, and their 
 successors for ever, towards the maintenance 
 of the Alms-house, and the lands and other 
 charges belonging to the said Alms-house. In 
 all, the rents appertaining to the Alms-house, 
 with the said Forty Shillings in reversion. 
 £ 19 Os. 6d. 
 
 CO f)a\JC and to hold all and singular the 
 said Messuages, Cottages, Lands, Tenements, 
 Rents and other Hereditaments, with ali and 
 singular the Appurtenances, immediately and 
 forthwith after my death, of the yearly rent as 
 is aforesaid ; and also the aforesaid reversion 
 of Forty Shillings yearly, immediately after 
 the death of Elizabeth Phillipot my vvih, to 
 the aforesaid Alderman and twelve Assistants 
 
338 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 
 
 inhabitants of Newark aforesaid, and to their 
 successors for ever, upon 
 
 Contrition : 
 
 That they the said Alderman and Assist- 
 ants, their successors, and every one of them, 
 shall yearly for ever use, order, rule and govern 
 all and singular the said five poor men, and the 
 said Messuages, Cottages, Lands, Tenements, 
 Rents and Hereditaments, with their Ap- 
 purtenances. And also shall yearly for ever 
 dispose, employ, and bestow all and singular 
 the Rents, Issues and Profits of all the said 
 Messuages, Lands, Tenements, and other Pre- 
 mises, to and for such uses, intents and pur- 
 poses ; and in such manner, form and order, 
 as I have hereafter, in this my present last 
 Will and Testament, devised, willed, ordained 
 and declared, that is to say, jpM$t, I will and 
 declare, that the said Messuage and Chapel 
 by me late erected, builded and set up in Cod- 
 dington-lane aforesaid, within Newarke, with 
 all and singular the Appurtenances shall from 
 henceforth for ever continue and be an Alms- 
 
PHILLrPOTS DONATION. 339 
 
 HoasB for five poor men, there to have their 
 ease, lodging and finding, as I have hereafter 
 in these Presents willed and declared. 
 
 Item, I Will that Robert Spicer, John Hart- 
 late, -f" -f- -j- now being within the said 
 Alms-house, of my nomination and putting 
 in, shall there have their continual ease for 
 and during their natural lives. And if all or 
 any of them shall happen to die or decease, or 
 from any notable crime or fault, shall be re- 
 moved or evoided from the said Alms-house, 
 during my said wife her life then I Will, and 
 my mind is, that my said wife, during her 
 natural life, shall from time to time nominate, 
 and have the nomination and putting in of so 
 many other poor men as shall and may suffice 
 to supply the room or rooms of such of the said 
 five poor men, as shall so happen to die, or be 
 removed from the said Alms-house. 
 
 2filtb after the decease of my said w T ife, I 
 Will that the Alderman of Newarke for that 
 time being, by and with advice of his brethren 
 the Assistants, of the twelve Coadjutors, of the 
 
340 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 
 
 Vicar of Newarke, for the time being, and of 
 tivo other honest persons of the Commons of 
 the said town, to be elected and chosen by the 
 said Alderman and Assistants, and their Suc- 
 cessors, shall from time to time for ever have 
 the nomination, election, putting in and re- 
 moving of the said Jive poor men into, and 
 from the said Alms-house. And I will it 
 that the said Alms-house shall at no time 
 hereafter lack the said full and whole number 
 oi five poor men by the space of one month 
 together. 
 
 RELIGIOUS DUTIES. 
 
 &lj?0 I will and ordain, that every of the 
 said^e poor men shall daily, within the 
 Chapel of the said Alms-house, devoutly 
 kneeling, say together with audible voices, 
 three Paternosters, three Ave Marias, and one 
 Creed in the honour of the most holy and 
 blessed Trinity, three persons and one God, 
 And after that forthwith shall also say with 
 like audible voices, five Paternosters, five 
 Ave Marias, and one Creed, in the worship 
 
PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 341 
 
 and reverence of the five wounds of our Savi- 
 our Jesus Christ, humbly praying and devout- 
 ly beseeching Almighty God, by the merits of 
 the dear passion of his Son, our blessed Saviour 
 and Redeemer, to keep this Realm of England 
 in prosperity and peace, to preserve the King's 
 and Queen's Majesties, and the Successors of 
 the said Queen, in his faith, fear and love, 
 and to have mercy upon my soul, my wife's 
 soul, and all christian souls. 
 
 REQUISITES FOR ADMISSION. 
 
 3&tQtUi)Ctl always, and be it foreseen, that 
 there be none admitted unto the rooms of the 
 saidyfoe poor men, unto my said Alms-house, 
 but such poor men as be very aged, impotent, 
 blind or lame ; or such as be in no kind other- 
 ways able to labour for their living. 
 
 RECEIVERS. 
 
 3Uij$Q I will and ordain, that the two 
 Cliamberlains of Newarke, for the time being, 
 shall collect and gather up yearly, as well all 
 the Rents and Revenues of all and singular the 
 
342 PHlLLlPOT'S DONATION. 
 
 aforesaid Lands, Messuages, Cottages, and all 
 other the Premises appointed unto the said 
 Alms-house, but also make such yearly pay- 
 ments, and do such Charges, as hereafter I 
 shall appoint to be paid and done ; as also to 
 see that the Reparations he yearly done forever, 
 both upon the said Alms-house, and also of 
 all other Lands, Cottages and Tenements, ap- 
 pertaining to the same. 
 
 TO ACCOUNT YEARLY. 
 
 ^JltCOt, I will that the said Chamberlains 
 for the time being, the next morrow after that 
 they do accompt for the Town's Lands of New- 
 arke, shall make and bring in a just accompt 
 within the said council chamber of the School- 
 house, before the Alderman, his Brethren, 
 and as many of the Coadjutors as will come, 
 the Vicar of the same town, (if he be present 
 within the town) and also before two wise and 
 discreet Men of the Commoners of the same 
 town, such as shall be elected and named, as 
 well by me before my departure from this 
 transitory world, during their lives, and also 
 
PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 343 
 
 such as $t)atf be elected, nominated, and ap- 
 pointed after my departure, by the ivhole of 
 the Commoners of the same town yearly for 
 ever, with the full consent of the Alderman 
 for the time being, and the most part of his 
 Brethren. &Q that the said two Commoners 
 be neither of the twelve Assistants, nor neither 
 of the twelve Coadjutors. And also being elect 
 and chosen, I will that the said two Com- 
 moners be made privy, yearly with the Alder- 
 man and his Brethren for the time being for 
 ever, of the yearly Accompts made by the said 
 Chamberlain, as well of all the Receipts of the 
 aforesaid Lands, Rents and Tenements, and 
 other Hereditaments ; and of all other Lands 
 and Tenements given by me to any use within 
 the said town of Newarke aforesaid ; as pay- 
 ments going out of the same ; and likewise to 
 be made privy, and of Council of all such sums 
 of money as shall be left and spared in the end 
 of their said Accompts." 
 
 SURPLUS. 
 
 The surplus money arising from the Ae- 
 compt to be put into a Chest in the Council- 
 
344 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 
 
 Chamber, with four Locks and Keys; the 
 Alderman, the Vicar, and the two Common- 
 ers, each keeping one Key. 
 
 APPLICATION OF SURPLUS. 
 s. d. 
 
 20 A year, to be paid quarterly, to each of 
 of the said five poor men. 
 6 8 A year, for the purchase of black cloth, 
 to make a gown or frock, for each 
 of the said poor men, large and wide 
 to keep them warm; the making also 
 to be paid for. 
 
 26 8 Yearly to be laid out in Coal and 
 
 Fire-wood, to be burned by the said 
 
 five poor men, in the common hall of 
 
 the said Alms-house. To be brought 
 
 in free of carriage. 
 
 40 Yearly, by quarterly payments, Co. the 
 Usher of the Grammar-school, for his 
 extra trouble in teaching the Pettits, 
 or minor Scholars. 
 
 20 Yearly to the Alderman, at the making 
 up of his Accompt, for his trouble, 
 3 4 Yearly to the Vicar, if present. 
 
PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 345 
 
 5. d . 
 
 13 4 Yearly to each of the two Commoners. 
 13 4 to be detained by the two Cham- 
 berlains, for the payment of chief 
 rent, and casual expenses. 
 3 4 Yearly to the Auditor. 
 6 8 (and no more) for an honest Breakfast* 
 upon the accompt day. 
 
 DISPOSAL OF THE RESIDUE. 
 
 The money so remaining to be applied only 
 to the uses of and maintenance and good repair 
 
 * Without doubt Mr. Phillipot was a discreet and sober 
 man, and well knew the adage, that "one hour in the morn- 
 ing is worth two in the afternoon,'* Here are 1 Alderman, 
 12 Assistants, 12 Coadjutors, 2 Commoners, 2 Chamberlains 
 and others, between 30 and 40 people, ordered to do busi- 
 ness on a morning, over a paltry, limited, honest six and 
 eight penny breakfast. Oh fie Mr. Phillipot ! Neverthe- 
 less it may fairly be presumed, that whilst the honest break- 
 fast continued, the houses continued in good repair; and 
 that it was not till after " rumps and dozens" "haunches 
 and saddles" with business doing dinners, came into vogue, 
 that " the premises had become ruinous in the hands of 
 the lessees," and the Mayor and Aldermen, as says a 
 certain author, wisely determined to sell them. Oh what a 
 luss to the town of Newark was the discontinuance of that 
 Iwfcst bieak/)(\/ ' 
 
 I 
 
346 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 
 
 of the said Alms-house, and of the other 
 Lands and Tenements belonging to the same, 
 when, and as often as need shall require. 
 
 NEWARK ESTATES IN REMAINDER. 
 (Yearly Value ^11 Us.) 
 
 The Aldermen, three of his most sober and 
 discreet brethren, the Vicar, and the two 
 Commoners, directed, in one year from the 
 death of the said Elizabeth Phillipot, to expend 
 the sum of Five Pounds, part of the said rents, 
 every year unto the world's end, in paving 
 within the town of Newark, in the most need- 
 ful Places and Stedes. 
 
 The stones to be used for such paving not 
 to be taken from Beacon- hill, but from Cod- 
 dingtonjield. 
 
 The surplus of £Q. 14s. directed to be 
 applied towards the maintenance of the Alms- 
 house, and reparation of the other premises.. 
 And if there shall be any thing spared, them 
 whatever is so spared, it shall be taken and 
 
PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 347 
 
 employed towards the fifteenth and tenths, or 
 other like charges of the said toivn, as the most 
 need shall require. 
 
 The Meadow at Holme to be laid to the 
 Manor-house at North Muskham, and the 
 yearly rent applied to the use of the Alms- 
 house and other premises. 
 
 Mr. Phillipot, died soon after the making 
 of his Will, and was buried at Newark in the 
 same aisle as Mr. Brown. 
 
 DECREE, Jan. 13, 1738. 
 
 His Lordship by a Decree consisting of 
 Twenty Articles, confirmed the Will of 
 William Phillipot, against the Corporation, 
 with full costs of suit. 
 
 The Decree was comprehended under 20 
 Articles ; an Abridgment of which is as 
 follows. 
 
 Art. 1. Alms-men to be chosen by the 
 Mayor and Aldermen, 12 Persons, in lieu of 
 
 z2 
 
348 PHlLLtPOT'S DONATION. 
 
 the 12 Coadjutors, the Vicar and two Com- 
 moners. 
 
 Art. 2. A Reader to be chosen, from the 
 Alms-men, and if not any of them are capable 
 of performing that Office, then some poor man 
 of Newark to be chosen. 
 
 Art. 3* Notice of the choice of Alms-men 
 or Reader, to be given the first Sunday after 
 the vacancy, and the choice to be made on the 
 Friday following in the body of the Church. 
 
 Art. 4. Choice of the 12 persons, who 
 must be skilful and honest men, paying to the 
 Church and poor of Newark, in lieu of the 12 
 Coadjutors mentioned in the Will, to be made 
 by the Mayor and Aldermen, in the body of 
 the Church. 
 
 In case of vacancy by death, removal, or 
 leaving the town, four days' notice, at least, 
 must be given, on a Sunday , as to replacing 
 the same. 
 
 Art. 5. The Mayor and Aldermen to elect 
 two Commoners out of four, to be nominated 
 by the town, as assistants in the management 
 of the charity; this appointment to be during 
 life, instead of annually as heretofore. 
 
PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 349 
 
 Art. 6. No Fines to be taken on any 
 Leases granted of the said Estates. No Leases 
 nor any part of the Estate to let, without the 
 consent of the Mayor and Aldermen. 
 
 Ten days' notice to be given on a Sunday, 
 of such letting*. 
 
 Art. 7. Estate to be let in the body of the 
 Church, to the best bidder 3 provided the 
 Mayor and Aldermen approve the security for 
 payment of rent. 
 
 Art. 8. In the report, to be entirely omit- 
 ted. 
 
 Art. 9. The sum of £0 to be ordered 
 yearly on Easter Tuesday by the Mayor, three 
 senior Aldermen, the Vicar, and two Com- 
 moners ; or if they neglect to attend, to be 
 applied by the Surveyors of the Highways, for 
 paving the streets. 
 
 Art. 10. The Chamberlains to pay as after 
 mentioned, until the leases now subsisting 
 shall expire. 
 
 Art. 11. Is. 6d. weekly, on a Saturday 
 to each Alms-man. 6d. weekly, on a Saturday 
 to the Reader. 
 
 Art. 12. 20s. annually on Christmas-day, 
 
350 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 
 
 to be expended in the purchase of a black 
 gown and other apparel to each Bead-man. 
 
 Art, 13. 40s. annually, between Midsum- 
 mer and Michaelmas to be expended in Coal 
 for the use of the Bead-men. 
 
 Art. 14. 20s. annually to the Mayor on 
 Michaelmas-day (Sep. 29). 40s. annually to 
 the Usher of the Grammar School. 3s. 4d. 
 annually to the Vicar, if present at the passing 
 the accompts. 6s. 8d. annually to each of the 
 two Commoners. 
 
 Art. 15. 13s. 4d. annually to be retained 
 by the Chamberlains. 
 
 6s. 8d. annually for a breakfast* upon the 
 accompt day. 
 
 Art. 16. £ 5. annually on Easter Tuesday 
 to the Surveyors of the Highways for paving. 
 
 Art. 17. The Chamberlains, after a week's 
 notice to put the surplus, in the presence of 
 the Mayor, Vicar and senior Church-wardens 
 into an Iron Chest. 
 
 * It is not unworthy of remark that the words " no 
 more" and "hones?* are omitted in the Decree. Mr. 
 Phillipot was a Merchant, Chancellor Yorke a Lwd \ 
 
PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 351 
 
 Art. 18. The said Iron Chest to have four 
 Locks and four Keys. 
 
 Art. 19. To be wholly omitted. 
 
 Art. 20. The Chamberlains to account on 
 the 8th of January, yearly, before the Mayor, 
 Aldermen, Vicar, two Commoners and the 
 twelve persons chosen in lieu of the Coadjutors. 
 
 The present skilful and honest men in 
 authority, are 
 
 Mr. James Thorp, Wharfinger, 
 
 — James Wilson, Gent, 
 
 — Thomas Wilson, Brazier. 
 
 — William Caparn, Malster. 
 
 — Samuel Ridge, Bookseller. 
 
 — John Hole, Draper. 
 
 — Robert Hilton, Merchant. 
 
 — John Lawton, Innholder. 
 
 — Thomas Becket, Draper, 
 
 — Walter Hare, Maltster. 
 
 — Isaac Barber, Gunsmith. 
 
 Vacant — (Edward Salmon, Miller, deceased.) 
 
 The present, two tvise and discreet men, 
 acting as Commoners, are 
 
 Mr. John Wilkinson, Saddler. 
 
 — William Smith, Confectioner. 
 
352 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 
 
 His Lordship also made a further ORDER 
 as to the Augmentation and Increase of the 
 said Phillipot's Charity. 
 
 Art. 1. Surplus to be kept for rebuilding, 
 enlarging and further endowing the Alms- 
 house. 
 
 Art. 2. Improvement in the Rents to be 
 disposed of as follows, viz. — to be laid up 
 until the same, with the surplus, amount to 
 ^250. for rebuilding and enlarging the Alms- 
 house to contain 15 poor persons. The build- 
 ing to be directed by the Mayor and Aldermen 
 and two Commoners. 
 
 Art. 3. Notice to be given of meeting to 
 direct the rebuilding and enlarging the Alms- 
 house. 
 
 Art. 4. •— parts to be applied to increase 
 each Alms or Beads-man's salary to ^6. 
 
 Art. 5. -- parts to be applied to increase 
 
 1 jJ 
 
 the Usher's salary to ^20. 
 
 Town Clerk to be Auditor of the accompts, 
 and his salary to be increased from 3s. 4d. to 
 20s. 
 
PHILLIPOTS DONATION. 35o 
 
 Art. G. Ten poor persons to be added and 
 to be allowed yearly as the others. 
 
 Art. 7 Fi ye of the additional persons to 
 be poor old women, to live separate in the said 
 Alms-house from the said poor men, and for 
 preventing any improper and irregular inter- 
 course between them* 
 
 Art. 8. The Chamberlain's salary to be 
 increased to £ 4. 
 
 A meeting on the 2nd of January, yearly, 
 by the Mayor and Aldermen and two Com- 
 moners for disposing of the surplus, as is most 
 agreeable to Phillipot's intent for the common 
 good of the town. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE SUIT IN CHANCERY, 
 
 In the preface to a pamphlet published in 
 the year 1768, entitled, " A Discourse addressed 
 to the Inhabitants of Newark against the 
 misapplication of Public Charities, By the 
 Reverend Bernard Wilson, D. D. Vicar of 
 Newark, and Prebendary of Worcester." 
 The Writer makes the following statement. 
 
 * Vide. Requisites for Admission. 
 
354 PHILLIPOTS DONATION. 
 
 " I have been strongly and frequently 
 solicited by the Inhabitants of Newark to 
 preach a Sermon against the misapplication of 
 the Public Charities, which have been left to 
 this Town ; but being incapacitated by an ill 
 state of health from complying with their 
 requests, I persuaded myself, that I should 
 answer their charitable designs more effectual- 
 ly by a plain discourse from the Press, than 
 by the most elaborate one from the Pulpit, 
 which might make a short impression upon 
 the auditors, and help to furnish out a little 
 conversation for a day or two, and then (con- 
 formably to the fate, which I fear too often 
 attends upon the most important Truths 
 delivered in that place) might become in a 
 short time, either obliterated by dissipation, or 
 overwhelmed by self-interest. But a Discourse 
 in Print will always be ready for their perusal 
 and attention, whenever they are most disposed, 
 or have the most occasion to turn to it ; and 
 particularly at those appointed times, when the 
 Trustees of the several Charity estates are 
 directed by the Decrees and by the Benefactors 
 fco apply the Rents to such and such Purposes \ 
 
PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 355 
 
 and in case of any misapplication, they may 
 with all decent expostulations be publicly 
 reminded of their Duties, which many of them 
 are bound by their Oaths to discharge with all 
 Fidelity." 
 
 " I must own, that the said Inhabitants in 
 their applications to me on so important an 
 occasion, might well expect to find me 
 zealously inclined to come into their proposal, 
 as I had been, through the Providence of God, 
 a most happy instrument above Thirty Years 
 ago in making a full a clear Discovery of three 
 very considerable Charity Estates, which had 
 been left by Messrs. Magnus and Broivn, in 
 the Reign of Henry VIIL, and by Mr. Phil- 
 lipot in that of Philip and Mary, towards the 
 Repairs of the Church of Newark (which has 
 all the spaciousness and grandeur of a 
 Cathedral) towards mending the High-ways 
 in the Streets, towards the Maintenance of an 
 Alms-house, and other good Works for the 
 Common Good and Weal of the said Town ; 
 but all the Rents of the said Estates, which 
 now (1768) amount to upwards of seven him- 
 
856 PHILLIPOTS DONATION. 
 
 dred pounds a year, by some means or other, 
 accidentally or artfully, I cannot say, had got 
 into the hands of the then Mayor and Aldermen 
 of Newark, who applied them as their own 
 lawful Properties, in support of their own 
 dignity, in sumptuous entertainments, and 
 other purposes, according to their own will 
 and pleasure. But I had no sooner discovered 
 the rights of the Parish to the said three 
 Estates, than I laid before the said Mayor und 
 Aldermen, the copies of the Indenture of Mr. 
 Magnus, and the two Wills of Messrs. Brown 
 and Phillipot, which they had hid in a chest 
 in their own eustody, amidst a vast heap of use- 
 less papers ; and being unwilling to come to an 
 open rupture with them, I entreated them for 
 a whole year together to deliver up the Rents 
 of the said Estates to the Trustees directed by 
 the said Benefactors, for the common good of 
 the Town ; but they could not be prevailed upon 
 to part with their beloved power and treasure : 
 whereupon I thought it incumbent upon me 
 to join with a number of very worthy Inhabi- 
 tants in bringing the Cause into Chancery, 
 which was heard before the Right Honorable 
 
PHILLIPOT'8 DONATION. 357 
 
 Lord Talbot, at that time Lord High Chancel- 
 lor, a personage distinguished by his noble 
 spirit, unbiassed integrity, and quick appre- 
 hension ; who examined me very closely upon 
 several points in open Court, and having put 
 other questions of importance to the Counsel 
 on both sides, in less than six hours decreed 
 the validity of Mr. Magnus' Indenture, and the 
 Wills of Messrs. Brown and Phillipot, in fa- 
 vour of the Parish of Newark against the said 
 Corporation, with full Costs of Suit. This De- 
 cree was afterwards confirmed, and several 
 very useful Regulations added to it by his suc- 
 cessor the Earl of Hardwicke, who was re- 
 markable for his calmness of temper, his exact 
 judgment, and the singular pains which he 
 took to determine all Causes, which were 
 brought before him, with the strictest equity 
 and impartiality." 
 
 "The very sincere regard, which I shall al- 
 ways preserve for the welfare of the Inhabit- 
 ants of Newark, has induced me to lay open 
 in the fullest manner, the re-establishment of 
 their just Rights to the said Three Estates: 
 
358 PHILLIPOTS DONATION. 
 
 And in this work I engaged the more readily ^ 
 that, if ever it shall appear, that the said Wills 
 and Decrees are violated, the Parishioners may 
 find a certain remedy by an application to the 
 Court of Chancery, which will take the pro- 
 perest measures to correct such insults and 
 abuses, especially as they are the more auda- 
 cious and the more criminal, when committed 
 in contempt of the above-mentioned Decrees, 
 grounded upon the clearest intentions of the 
 Benefactors." 
 
 The Reverend Author, at the close of his 
 particularization of Mr. Phillipot's Charity, 
 makes the following remarks. " Here it may 
 be necessary to set forth, what was the Intent 
 of Mr. Phillipot, and what Adjudged to be the 
 most conducive to the Common Good, which I 
 shall explain to you from the words of his own 
 Will. " If there shall be any thing spared, I 
 Will, that the said Money so spared and left, 
 shall be employed and taken towards the 
 Tenths and Fifteenths, or other like Charges of 
 the said Town, as the most need shall require" 
 " By the words Tenths and Fifteenths used in 
 
PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 359 
 
 former days, we are either to understand the 
 Tenth and Fifteenth part of the value, which 
 had been anciently fixed upon any City, Hun- 
 dred, Town and Village, or, as others appre- 
 hend, the Tenths and Fifteenths of every man's 
 personal Estate, according to a reasonable 
 valuation : But in what sense soever we take 
 the words, the plain meaning of Mr. Phillipot 
 seems to be this ; that the Taxes, Assessments, 
 and other like Charges * with which the Town 
 of Newark may be burthened, should, by the 
 application of his Rents be lessened or taken 
 off, especially in those Articles, where the Load 
 lies the heaviest on the Inhabitants ; or, in his 
 own w r ords, " as the most need shall require." 
 
 The Drift of this publication seems to have 
 been a prevention of the Sales of Brown's and 
 Phillipot's Estates, which, about this time 
 began to be agitated. Evident it is, the in- 
 tentions of the Testator's were not so ; but the 
 wisdom of a British Parliament decreed other- 
 tvise. 
 
 * It is proper the Reader should bear in mind, the Poor'? 
 Rates could not be under Mr. Phillipot's contemplation in 
 the above, as not any such Assessment was made till many 
 years afterwards. 
 
360 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 
 
 PRESENT STATE OF THE BEAD-HOUSE. 
 
 Not any of the original building remains, 
 excepting the Chapel, which is substantially 
 pewed and sufficiently commodious for the 
 number of its attendants. A thorough repair 
 seems to have taken place about 60 years since, 
 by an inscription at the upper end, 
 
 Joseph Sikes, Mayor* 
 
 Mr. Edward Smith, 
 Mr. Thomas Haslam, 
 Mr. John Clough, 
 Mr. John Twentyman, 
 Rev. Bernard Wilson, D. D 
 Mr. William Wells, 
 
 Aldermen, 1757. 
 
 Mr. Timothy Rastall, 
 Mr. Robert Spragging, 
 Mr. Thomas Milnes, 
 Mr. William Handler, 
 Mr. John Smith, 
 
 The Lord's Prayer, the Creed, and the ten 
 Commandments, are inscribed on the walls : 
 as also the following account of a benefactor. 
 
 Mr. THOMAS SUMMERS, 
 
 Who died August the seventh, 1708, in the 57th year of his 
 age, leaving to the poor of this corporation, five hundred 
 pounds, to be paid after the decease of his mother, accord- 
 ing to his Will, out of his lands at Carlton upon Trent, to 
 five Beadmen five shillings per week, and the other part re- 
 maining to he given to the use of the other poor of the said 
 corporation, upon Candlemas in every year for ever. 
 
PHILLIPOTS DONATION. 361 
 
 The habitations, with the Chapel, enclose 
 a quadrangular yard, which is kept in very 
 neat condition. 
 
 Over the central entrance, on stone tablets 
 is cut, 
 
 This Alms house was founded and endowed by William Phil- 
 lipot, Merchant, and Alderman of this town, in his life-time, 
 in the year 1556, for five poor men, and was afterwards re- 
 built and further endowed by an increase of the rents of the 
 said Mr. Phillipot's estate, for five additional poor men, and 
 rive poor women, in the year 1756. 
 
 GEORGE LAWRENCE, 
 
 An Alderman of this Borough, by his Will dated 5th Decem- 
 ber, 1797, bequeathed one thousand pounds to the Mayor 
 and Aldermen, to be laid out in Government security, for the 
 benefit of this charity. 
 
 In front of the left wing. 
 
 This Alms-house was enlarged and further endowed by an 
 increase of rents of Mr. Phillpot's estate for five additional 
 poor women, in the year 1783. 
 
 Attendance in the Chapel every day in the 
 week, excepting Wednesday. 
 
 Present Reader, .... John Winne. 
 A A 
 
362 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 
 
 Allowance to the five Senior Beads-men 
 5 shillings each, weekly. To the Juniors and 
 Women 3 shillings each, weekly. 
 
 A few years since the outside of the Chapel 
 was coated with stucco. 
 

Rental, Valuation, &c. &c. ofrliament 
 
 Names of Occupiers and Premises, 
 
 Mr. Edward Cole, for a House and Tenements 
 
 Elizabeth Wright, for a Stable, - 
 
 John Farlby, for a House and Tenements, -Hall). 
 
 Widow Page, for a House, - .upier, 
 
 Mr. Couzins, for a piece of Ground, 
 
 Widow Girton, for a Tenement, - 
 
 John Wilkinson, for a Tenement, 
 
 Mr. Alderman Handley, for a Tenement, 
 
 Ditto, for a piece of Ground, 
 
 Miss Broadhurst, for a House, 
 
 Ditto, for two Tenements, - 
 
 Ditto, for a piece of Ground, 
 
 The Rev. M. Tomlinson, for a House, 
 
 Mr. Richard Eastland, for a Garden, - 
 
 Joseph Smaller, for a Close in the 
 
 Matthew Hudson, for a Close near . 
 
 A Tenement used as a Gaol for the said Borou 
 
; of Parliament^ passed in the Year 1773* 
 
 iv tiers and Occupiers. 1819. 
 
 iandley, Esq. Mr. .!• A. Jackson. 
 
 Mlckhill, Mr. Brickhill, (Boar's Head). 
 
 Efarker, Esq. W. Parker, Esq. 
 
 M^hley, Esq. Mr Clover. 
 
 Stttlfrey, Esq. Douse, Porter, & Burton. 
 
 E^ nsdale, Bamsdale and two others. 
 
 Mpdlebrookc, Mr. Peart and others. 
 
 &is, Mr. Evison, (Duke of Wellington). 
 
 Wsinson Corden, Mr. Robinson Corden, 
 
 Mtthew Ha^e, Mr. Matthew Hage. 
 
 W Barber and others. 
 M w kwe!l, 
 
 M { New castle, John Matlock and others. 
 
 Mklinson's Execu Mr flaywood. 
 
 Tluthrie, Mr. Huddleston and Mrs. Manners. 
 
 Mjomas Derry, Mr. Thomas Derry. 
 
 Jp)3> Brooke, Mr. rt'illiarn Thompson. 
 
 jguBranston, Mr. J. Branston. 
 
 Woadhurst, and Mr. T. A. Jackson, Owners & Occupiers.. 
 
 EJradJey, Mr Page. 
 
 Ridson, 
 
 Rlstali, 
 
 Jc 
 
 M 
 
 JC) & Kare, Mr. Wells and Mr. Cooke. 
 
 Jc 
 
 RiNall, Several Tenements. 
 
 Mferrewest, Esq. Mr. Hunt, (Marquis of Granby). 
 
 kild, Blundell, & Knap ton, Owners and Occupiers. 
 
 Mbf Newcastle, Mr. Gask. 
 
 Hf id diet on, Mr. J. A. Jackson. 
 
 Lof Newcastle, Mr. Robert Peet. 
 
 M 
 
 Mof Newcastle, Miss House, Mr. Slater, & Mr. Chapman. 
 
 Mfcodfrej , Ei q. Bell and others. 
 
 M l a renements. 
 
 Mc.»f N\ wcastle, J, Parnham and oth 
 
 E: 
 
 M 
 
Rental, Valuation, &c. 
 
 , of Mr. PHILLIPOTT'S Estates in Newark, proposed to be sold by an Act of Parliament 
 passed in the Year 1773. 
 
 Names of Occupiers and Premises. 
 
 Situation. Annual Rent. Val. 
 
 Mr. Edward Cole, for a House and Tenements, - - Market place, 
 
 2ti 
 
 5 
 
 Elizabeth Wright, for a Stable, - 
 
 - Middlegat'e,.. 
 
 . :s 
 
 0. 
 
 John Parlby, for a House and Tenements, 
 
 - Market place, 
 
 .. 5 
 
 10 
 
 Widow Page, for a House, - 
 
 - Baldcrtongate 
 
 . 7 
 
 0. 
 
 Mr. Couzins, for a piece of Ground, 
 
 - Ditto, 
 
 . 1 
 
 
 Widow Girton. for a Tenement, - 
 
 - Barnbygate,. 
 
 .. 1 
 
 6. 
 
 John Wilkinson, for a Tenement, 
 
 - Ditto, 
 
 . 
 
 
 Mr. Alderman Haudley, for a Tenement, 
 
 - Ditto, 
 
 . 3 
 
 10. 
 
 Ditto, for a piece of Ground, 
 
 - Northgate, . . 
 
 . 
 
 7. 
 
 Miss Broadhurst, for a House, 
 
 - Castlegate, . . 
 
 500 
 
 0. 
 
 Ditto, for two Tenements, - 
 
 - Middlegate, . 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 Ditto, for a piece of Ground, 
 
 
 .10 
 
 5 
 
 The Rev. M. Tomlinson, for a House, 
 
 - Ditto 
 
 
 Mr. Richard Eastland, for a Garden, - 
 
 - Ditto, 
 
 10. 
 
 Joseph Smalley, for a Close in the 
 
 - Lower Toney, 
 
 .. 
 
 10. 
 
 Matthew Hudson, for a Close near . 
 
 - Liucnln Line, . 
 
 .. 3 
 
 11. 
 
 X Tenement used as a Gaol for the said Boro 
 
 ugh, Dry Bridge, . . 
 
 ..0 
 
 0. 
 
 Purcltase. Owners 
 £■ 
 
 W. HUtou, Esq. 
 
 nd Occupiers, 1819. 
 Mr. Thomas Rumley. 
 
 Corporation, Messrs. Moor & Betts, (Town Hall). 
 
 .460 Mr. W. Smith, (Old King's Head) owner & occupio, 
 
 Mr. James Wilson, Owner and Occupier, 
 . 68 Mr. Abraham, Mr. Tenney. 
 
 Ditto, Miss Watson. 
 
 .170 Mr. Clay, 
 
 W. F.Handley, Esq. Owner and Occupier. 
 
 S. Sketchley, Esq, Owner and Occupier. 
 
 Ditto, Ditto, Ditto 
 
 Ditto, Ditto, Ditto 
 
 Ditto, Ditto, Ditto 
 
 Corporation, Part of Town Hall. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle, Mr. Isaac Barber. 
 
 Sir Jeuison Gorden, Mr. Matthew Hudson. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle, Mr. James Barber, (Shop) 
 
Rental, Valuation, &c. &e. oi Mr. BROWN's Estate in Newark, proposed to be 
 
 Navies of Occupiers < 
 
 Mrs. Brecknock, 
 
 Executors of the I 
 Mr. Alderman Mi 
 Stephen Bradshat 
 
 ExClOt 
 
 House and Yard, - 
 
 Esq. for House and Garden, ■ 
 
 ■ and Garden 
 Mr. Guthrie, for House aud Garden, - 
 v. fid, m I ickett, for Huose, &c. 
 
 Mr. WiIIkuii A-l'iiKill. for ilnu c an, I Gaul,',,, 
 
 Mr. Wdliani Parry, for House and Yard, - 
 
 Ejeeulors of the late George Toinliuson, for 3 Tenements, Garden, &C. 
 
 Mr. AHemia,, Spragging, for Land adjoining his House, - 
 
 Thomas Taylor, for two Tenements, fitc. - 
 
 Mr. Thomas Toder, for three Tenements, outhouses and Yard, 
 
 John Derrv, for a House and Paddock, - 
 
 Rev. J. Ridghill, for Land in 
 
 Executors of the late George Tomlinson, Esq. for Ground Rent of a House, 
 
 Interest of Money for building the said House, - 
 
 Elizabeth Herring, for a Piece of Ground, - 
 
 Richard Herring, for a House, fitc. .... 
 
 Robert Milliugton, for two Tenements, 
 
 John Stephenson, for a House and Yard, - 
 
 Mr. Hoyes, for Land in ... 
 
 John Stephenson, for three Tenements and a Garden, 
 
 Joseph i irtvkwell, for a House, ore. - 
 
 : Kiliingley'j, - 
 
 Exec, 
 
 for a Ho 
 
 
 Barnbyga 
 
 Bailor,.':,,, 
 Ditto, ... 
 
 Mr. Crarroft, for a Land in ...... 
 
 L„r,l Miiloluton, for a Laud in - 
 
 Mr. Alderman ftastall, for a Stable, &c. ..... 
 
 Mr. Alderniati Hanilley, for a House, fitc 
 
 Mr. John Marshall, for a Stable and Yard, - 
 
 Mr. Thomas Hardy, for a House and Yard, .... 
 
 Mr. Johu Marshall, (lnnholder) for four Tenements and Garden, 
 
 Executors of the late James Tomlinson, for four Teuemeuts, Barn fit Garden, 
 
 Mr. Joba Lacy, for a House, -...«.-.. 
 
 sold by Act of Parliament, passed in the Year 1773, 
 
 Purchase. Owners and Occupiers. 1819. 
 
 . .460 W. V. Kandley, Esq. Mr. J- A. Jackson. 
 
 Mr Brfckhill, Mr. Brit khill, (Boar's Head). 
 
 Win. Parker, Esq, W. Parker, Esq. 
 
 . .:'..;:, S. SUetchlcy, Esq. Mr Clover. 
 
 . ■oil P.. s. Godfrey, E.q. Douse, Porter, fit Burton. 
 
 ...HI Mr. Itarusiiale, Barnsdale and two others. 
 
 ..120 Mr. Kili., Mr. Evisou, (Duke of Wellington). 
 
 Mr.Rol.iiiM.n ( onion, Mr. I;,,l,n,;„n Corden. 
 
 Mr. Malihew Hage, Mr. Matthew Hage. 
 Barber and others. 
 
 Mr. Cttwl well, 
 
 Duke ,,f Mewi astle, John Matlock and others. 
 . . 35 Mr. Wright, 
 
 ..;u.-> Mrs. Guthrie, Mi Huddleaton sndMrs. Manners. 
 
 ..ill) Mr. Hi,, ui is Hens Mr. Thomas Deny. 
 
 Bev. Jos, Brooke, Mr. ivilliam Thompson. 
 
 '■ j Mr. J. Ilrauston, Mr. J. Branston. 
 
 .. oj Mr. l.r„a<l!i,nst, au-l Mr. I A .' at ksoo, Owners fit Oceanic; 
 
 am St Hare, Mr. Welis ..nil Mr. 
 
 .'. Nail, Sei eral Tenements. 
 
 '. Terrewest, Esc,. Mr. Hunt, (Marquis of Granby). 
 sfi .!<!, BluudeU, fit Kuapton, Owners aud Occupiers. 
 ;e of Newcastle, Mr. Gask. 
 
 Middlcgato, 
 Northgalt, 
 
 Ditto, 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Ualderl-i'ga 
 
 e, Mr. Slater, fit Mr. Clio 
 n and others. 
 
363 
 
 SALES OF 
 
 BROWN & PHILLIPOTs ESTATES, 
 
 In the Year 1773, an Act of Parliament 
 was obtained for the Sale of certain parts of 
 these several Estates ; and for applying the 
 Money arising therefrom, to the erecting a 
 Town-Hall and Shambles in the Town of 
 Newark: to the purchasing of Lands and 
 Tenements, for the purpose of taking down the 
 then occupied erections and levelling the site 
 of the same, for enlarging the Church-yard, 
 and for opening the avenues thereto, and other 
 improvements. The Statute recites the Devises, 
 the Reports of the Masters in Chancery, and 
 the Decrees of the Chancellors thereupon. It 
 then proceeds to state the great increase of 
 Rents arising from the said Estates, the addi- 
 tions made to the Alms-house, so as render it 
 capable of admitting ten poor persons, and to 
 state the decay into which many of the Trust 
 Houses were falling, and enacts, in substance, as 
 
 follows : 
 
 aa2 
 
364 SALES of BROWN & PHlLLIPOTs ESTATE* 
 
 That the Mayor and Aldermen, the Vicar 
 and Churchwardens for the time being, toge- 
 ther with twelve other persons, Inhabitants of 
 the Town of Newark, viz. Robert Wilson 
 Cracroft, Robert Forster, John Broadhurst, 
 and Henry Cook, Esquires, The Rev. William 
 Rastall, D. D. Rev. Henry Martin, William 
 Martin, Edmund Hynd, William Linthwaite, 
 Richard Eastland, William Handley, jun. and 
 Job Brough, Gentlemen, shall be Commis- 
 sioners for ordering and directing the Sale of 
 the several Houses and Estates mentioned, par- 
 ticularized and described in the first and third 
 Schedules thereunto annexed ; and for build- 
 ing a Town-Hall, Shambles, Shops and Stalls : 
 and also for purchasing Lands and Tenements, 
 for the purpose of enlarging the Church-yard, 
 and improving the avenues to the same ; and 
 for investing the residue of the money arising 
 from such Sales, in the purchase of other Lands 
 to be settled to the charitable uses therein 
 mentioned. 
 
 It further enacts, that the Estates mentioned 
 and described in the said first and third Sche- 
 
sALES or BROWN & PHILLIFOT's ESTATES. 365 
 
 dule*, with all reversions and remainders, &c. 
 shall be vested in the honorable George Sut- 
 ton, commonly called Lord George Sutton, of 
 Kelham ; Charles Mellish, ofBlyth ; and Roger 
 Pocklington, of Winthorpc, Esquires, upon 
 the Trusts therein mentioned, which Trusts 
 are to sell the same in Lots, under certain re- 
 strictions and limitations; and to apply the 
 monies arising therefrom according to the 
 direction of any five or more of the Commis 
 sioners therein appointed, to the purposes ot 
 the said Act. 
 
 In pursuance of this Statute, the premises 
 were sold, and the several buildings and pro- 
 jected improvements were erected and |com 
 pleted : and further, considerable additions 
 were made to the Vicarage House. 
 
 The latest sale of charitable property made 
 by the Mayor and Corporation, was for the 
 purpose of redeeming the Land Tax on the dif- 
 ferent Estates, under the authority of the Sta- 
 tute of 1798, enabling corporate bodies to 
 alienate certain portions of their Lands for that 
 purpose. 
 
366 
 
 THE TOWN-HALL. 
 
 As the erection of the Town-Hall has been 
 so recently treated upon, this may be deemed 
 a proper period to attempt a description of that 
 noble building. 
 
 Few, indeed, are the Boroughs that can 
 boast so enviable an ornament. Its majestic 
 appearance strikes every traveller, whether an 
 adept in the science of Architecture, or other- 
 wise ; it is one of those peculiar objects, whose 
 imposing attitude rivets the attention, and ex- 
 torts, even from the snarler, tribute of unwil- 
 ling praise. This edifice stands in the centre 
 of the west side of the Market-place, and occu- 
 pies the site of several houses, which were 
 taken down for its reception. 
 
 The northern wing was in the occupation 
 
THE TOWN-HALL. 367 
 
 of Richard Eastland, Alderman, Draper ; the 
 main body of the Hall stands on the site of 
 houses which were in the tenure of John 
 Doubleday, Ironmonger ; Joseph Wright, 
 Innholder, William Bradshaw, Saddler; and 
 Robert Clay, Butcher. A public house known 
 by the sign of the Green Dragon, and the 
 dwelling-house of John Newzam, Silversmith, 
 occupied the ground on which the southern 
 wing is now situated. The first stone of 
 this magnificent structure was laid in the 
 year 1773, during the mayorality of Thomas 
 Haslam, Esq. The front is composed of Mans- 
 field stone. The basement story exhibits a 
 beautiful specimen of rusticated masonry. A 
 perfect doric entablature forms the completion 
 of the two other stories,* the centre of which 
 is supported by columns of that order, whose 
 
 * Inthetympan of the pediment are placed the armorial 
 bearings of the town ; these were granted by patent A. D. 
 1561, (3 Eliz.) A peacock proper, between a fleur de lis 
 and a lion passant gardant occupy the upper part of the 
 shield. The supporters are a beaver and an otter, animals 
 pertinently allusive to the former state of the greater part of 
 the surrounding country, which was little better than a fen. 
 The crest, a gull or sea-mew, holding in its beak, an eel. 
 
368 THE TOWN HALL, 
 
 symmetry will bear the most critical inspec- 
 tion : behind these columns is a commodious 
 recess, technically termed a Loggia, with a 
 balustrade in front. This species of false 
 taste, was at that time very current ; in the 
 serene climate of Italy, from whence it was 
 imported, without doubt, a construction of 
 this kind is highly gratifying ; but amidst the 
 glooms and storm > of our dreary months of 
 November and December, it is a complete 
 burlesque on rationality. A very few seasons 
 stamped the idea with absurdity, and the fo- 
 reign title being, to the generality of people, 
 equally difficult to remember or pronounce, 
 they hit upon a more apt term to designate it 
 by, and very properly, though perhaps some- 
 what coarsely , dubbed it a Snow-trap. 
 
 The Sub-Loggia, originally proposed to be 
 used as a Corn-market, and also the Sub-hall 
 as a Butter-market, are well paved, and now 
 rendered sufficiently light, it is divided into 
 colonades by columns of the compound Tuscan 
 order, the ceiling is divided into rather small 
 square compartments, which by encreasing the 
 
THE TOWN-HALL. 369 
 
 firmness of the superincumbent floor, already 
 under the influence of its massive supporters, 
 entirely destroys its elasticity; the " light fan- 
 tastic toe" in vain pants for reciprocity, and 
 the old proverb " strength will be served/' is 
 here exemplified in the most capacious sense 
 of the word. 
 
 A handsome geometrical staircase of stonc ; 
 leads to the 
 
 ASSEMBLY ROOM. 
 
 Which is 80 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 30 
 feet in height. Its most glaring deficiency 
 has been already described. Both the ends are 
 circular, and finished domically in the ceiling 
 part. A screen of Corinthian fluted columns 
 at each chord, reduce the body of the room 
 into an oblong of 50 feet by 30. In the centre 
 of each side, is a handsome chimney piece of 
 Italian marble. Surmounting that on the 
 north east, upon the sole of the window, is 
 placed a highly finished bust of his present 
 Majesty, presented to the Corporation in the 
 
370 THE TOWN-HALL. 
 
 year 1818, by his Grace the Duke of New- 
 castle. The room is extremely well lighted by 
 six lofty circular headed windows in the sides, 
 and one at the upper end. There are also three 
 superb lustres dependent from the ceiling. In 
 the piers between the windows, and likewise 
 at intervals in the bow ends, are double pilas- 
 ters, corresponding with the columns before 
 described. In many parts of the ceiling, which 
 has a six feet quadrant cove, much taste is 
 displayed, especially in the centre and spandrils, 
 but the efficacy of elegance from that point is 
 materially weakened, by the clumsy paneling 
 in its vicinity, plenty of specimens of which 
 may be selected from wainscoting of the 
 sixteenth century. 
 
 The western end is fitted up as a Court of 
 Justice, where the Borough Sessions are 
 holden twice in each year. 
 
 The body of the room is appropriated to 
 select Assemblies of the principal inhabitants 
 of the town and neighbourhood. 
 
THE TOWN-HALL. 371 
 
 Fronting the Market-place is a truly sym- 
 metrical apartment, stiled the Committee 
 Room; its length is 35 feet, breadth 20 feet 
 8 inches, and height 16 feet ; from the centre 
 of the ceiling depends an elegant lustre. 
 
 Here the municipality hold their judicial 
 consultations, and on festive occasions it is dedi- 
 cated to cards and tea. The body corporate have 
 condescendingly granted, pro tempore, the 
 use of this room for the occasional recreations 
 of their respectable neighbours in Music, &c. 
 
 In an old chest are preserved many detach- 
 ed pieces of ancient armour, probably, once 
 worn by the brave defenders of the town; if 
 so, it is much to be regretted they were not 
 labeled. 
 
 The following Artisans were employed in 
 erecting and finishing the Town-Hall and its 
 adjacent wings. 
 
 Architect, John Carr, Esq. York. 
 
 Superintendant, .... Mr, WiUiam Matthews, Newark. 
 Mason, Mr. < Mew, Mansfield. 
 
372 THE TOWN-HALL. 
 
 Bricklayer, Mr. Matthew Palmer Sheppard, Newark , 
 
 Carpenter & Joiner, Mr. Baker, Retford. 
 
 Slater, , . . . Mr. William Lewis, Nottingham. 
 
 Plasterer, .. Mr. Moses Kilmister, Derby. 
 
 Carvers / ^ r ' ^eoige Barrett, Newark. 
 
 <- Mr. Thickstone, Doncaster, 
 
 Plumber & Glazier, (Hall) Mr. Joseph Smalley, Newark. 
 
 Ditto, (the Wings){ Mr - Samwd Watsm > Newark - 
 v. Mr. James Holmes, ditto. 
 
 Painter, • Mr. John Smith, Newark. 
 
 Upwards of £ 17,000 are said to have been 
 expended in the erection and completion of 
 these edifices, 
 
 THE SHAMBLES. 
 
 Adjoining to the western side of the Town- 
 Hall, and communicating therewith, are the 
 Shambles, whose extent is bounded by Mid- 
 dlegate. Their situation is perfectly adapted 
 to the purpose, and much ingenuity was dis- 
 played in attention to convenience and cleanli- 
 ness ; nevertheless, when finished, the butchers 
 refused to occupy them. Whether it were 
 sheer obstinacy in the Knights of the Steel, or 
 the discovery of a loop-hole in the statute is not 
 of material consequence ; mandate after man- 
 
THE TOWN-HALL. 373 
 
 elate were repeatedly slighted, and at times, 
 disobedience was tagged with that sting of 
 facetious acumen so peculiar to the knife. 
 
 Twenty long years the desultory warfare 
 continued, the butchers, like their cavalier 
 ancestors, would not budge one foot, nor, un- 
 til the potent auxiliaries of King, Lords and 
 Commons, in British Parliament assembled, 
 were brought to bear upon them, could they 
 be dislodged from the Market-place : an Act 
 of Parliament being passed for that and some 
 other purposes in the year 1798. 
 
 Scarcely had the removal taken place, 
 when, by the rapid influx of butchers from the 
 country, the Shambles were found insufficient 
 in point of number; the Sub-hall was, there- 
 fore appropriated to the use of moveable stalls, 
 as it now continues. 
 
 THE DISPENSARY, 
 
 Works of magnificence may arrest atten- 
 tion, a display of elegance captivates genius; 
 
374 THE TOWN-HALL. 
 
 but institutions of benevolence H warm the 
 heart, and soften it to receive the fairest im- 
 pressions/' 
 
 At the commencement of the year 1813, a 
 subscription was set on foot by the Mayor, 
 Corporation, and several of the principal In- 
 habitants, in order to establish a Dispen- 
 sary for the relief of the sick poor, resident in 
 Newark, which readily met with the concur- 
 rence of the gentlemen of the faculty. Two 
 rooms belonging to the Town Hall, at the 
 west end of the sub-hall being found suitable 
 for the purpose, a sufficient sum was soon 
 raised to carry the design into effect. The 
 charity was placed under the direction of 
 governors, consisting of the Mayor, first senior 
 Alderman, Vicar, four Church-wardens, the 
 Physician, and Surgeons, (except during the 
 times of their attendance) as permanent 
 members, and of thirteen other gentlemen, to 
 be annually chosen by the subscribers at large. 
 
 The subscribers of two Guineas each and 
 upwards, are entitled to six, and subscribers 
 
THE TOWN-HALL. 375 
 
 of one Guinea to three tickets per annum, each 
 ticket to admit one patient on the Book for 
 two months, with power to the Surgeon to 
 renew it, exclusive of the right of recommen- 
 dation in cases of midwifery and vaccine ino- 
 culation. In midwifery, a recommendation 
 of five subscribers is required to shew that the 
 applicants are proper objects of the charity; 
 and persons applying for vaccine inoculation, 
 must bring a written note of recommendation 
 from some one of the subscribers. The medi- 
 cal gentlemen resident in the town, attend in 
 rotation at the Dispensary every Tuesday, 
 Thursday, and Saturday mornings at nine, for 
 which an allowance of sixty pounds per annum 
 is made in lieu of a resident Dispenser of the 
 medicines. Persons unable to attend at the 
 Dispensary, are visited at their own houses on 
 sending their recommendation to the Surgeon 
 in attendance, before nine in the morning. 
 Accidents requiring immediate assistance, are 
 admitted without the form of a recommenda- 
 tion, providing the patients are proper objects. 
 
 The utility of this praise-worthy Institution 
 
376 THE TOWN-HALL. 
 
 is experienced daily by the poor and labouring 
 classes, and blessings are deservedly bestowed 
 on the promoters, by all who are so unfortu- 
 nate as to require its assistance. In order to 
 extend the benefits more largely, a sum of 
 money from the Estates of Mr. Magnus, left 
 for the good weal of the town, has been annu- 
 ally applied. It appears from the Register of 
 the Patients kept at the Dispensary, that the 
 number admitted has been 
 
 admitted. 
 1st Year, ending February, 1814, 278 
 
 2nd, 1815, 275 
 
 3rd, 1816, ...,,.. 420 
 
 4th, 1817, . 260 
 
 5th, 1818, i 340 
 
 Total 1573 
 
 In this number are included, two hundred 
 and sixteen poor married women, who have 
 been attended in midwifery at their own homes, 
 
 
377 
 
 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 
 
 The Mayor and Aldermen being called 
 upon to answer in the Court of Chancery, 
 touching other Estates bequeathed for divers 
 purposes, to the said Town, on the 23th of 
 May, 1733, they put in the following affidavits. 
 
 SIR JOHN LONDE. (1553.) 
 
 That Sir John Londe, Clerk, did, in 
 the sixth year of King Edward the sixth, by 
 Deed or Will, give unto the Alderman and 
 Assistants of Neivark, and their Successors, 
 two Tenements with the Appurtenances in 
 Milne Gate, of 20 shillings a year, and j£20. 
 in gold, for the use of the said Town : And 
 apprehend the said two Tenements were given 
 to the sole use of the said Alderman and As- 
 sistants. 
 
 * B 
 
3/8 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 
 
 ANTHONY FOSTER. (1558.) 
 
 The Mayor and Aldermen by their answer, 
 ^flp. They believe that Anthony Foster by 
 his Will, dated February 23, 1 Queen Eliz. 
 devised all his lands in Meryn Close in New- 
 ark, to the then Alderman and Assistants, and 
 their successors, upon trust, to apply the 
 Rents thereof for the assistance of such poor 
 persons as should be visited with the plague, 
 which said Rents the defendant's predecessors, 
 in their corporate capacity, have as often as 
 need required, expended for such uses, and 
 they, in their corporate capacity, are willing 
 to lay out the same, when any such affliction 
 shall happen. 
 
 WILLIAM BETHELL, (1612.) 
 
 J^ap, That William Bethell, by indenture 
 dated the 23rd of October, in the ninth year 
 of king James, gave Ten Pounds to the Al- 
 derman and Assistants, to be paid at interest; 
 and out of the interest thereof, six shillings 
 
CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 3J9 
 
 and eight pence yearly to be paid to the Vicar 
 of the said town, for preaching a sermon once 
 a year, and thirteen shillings and four-pence 
 to be distributed yearly amongst the poor of 
 the said town; and that they have constantly 
 paid thirteen and four-pence yearly to the 
 poor, and ^1. 65. 8d. to the Vicar for 
 preaching a sermon on the Epiphany, and 
 apprehend that the said 6s. 8d. mentioned in 
 this charity is included in the ^1. 6s. 8d. and 
 that money being ten pounds per cent per 
 annum, when this charity was founded, they 
 have paid the like interest ever since; but 
 submit, whether they ought for the future, to 
 pay more than legal interest, and in what pro- 
 portion the said Vicar and Poor ought to make 
 iin abatement of the said charity. 
 
 CHAPMAN, (16 James I.) 
 
 £ap, That in the year 1619. Chapman 
 
 by his Will gave to the Alderman and Assist- 
 ants, and the Vicar of Newark, and their 
 successors, one House in dppleton-gate, upon 
 Trust, that two Bays of Stone Building next 
 
 B B 2 
 
380 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 
 
 the Church-yard, being part of the said House, 
 should be repaired out of the Rents arising 
 from other part of the said House ; and after the 
 said two Bays were repaired and divided into 
 convenient Rooms, four poor Widows should 
 be placed therein, and the Rents, after such 
 repairs from other part of said House, should 
 be paid towards their Maintenance : And 
 #ap> That the Rents of the said House were 
 not sufficient to keep the said two Bays, and 
 the rest of the said House in repair ; and that 
 about fifteen years ago the same became wholly 
 ruinous, and rather than sink the said Charity 
 by rebuilding, they have, since the decay there- 
 of, placed four poor Widows in other Houses 
 belonging to the said Mayor and Aldermen in 
 their corporate capacity, and have always paid, 
 weekly, to two of the said poor Widows six- 
 pence a piece, being more than the annual 
 Rents of the said decayed Houses ; and that 
 they have since rebuilt a House on the ground, 
 where the said decayed premises stood, which 
 has cost them above two hundred pounds. 
 
CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 381 
 
 JOHN LILLY. (20 James I.) 
 
 d&ap, That John Lilly by Indenture of 
 Feoffment, dated 19th of December, 1623, 
 enfeoffed Robert Outram and Lancelot Thomp- 
 son in a messuage called Bathley Grange, in 
 Bathley, in trust for the said Alderman and 
 Assistants and their successors, to be disposed 
 of amongst the poor children working in the 
 Jersey School, and in default of such school 
 to be applied towards the relief of the poor of 
 the said town; and that the said rents are dis- 
 posed of accordingly, either amongst the poor 
 children in the said school, or poor in the said, 
 town. 
 
 HERCULES CLAY.* (1661.) 
 
 £ap, That Hercules Clay by his Will 
 dated the 1 1th of December, 1644, gave to the 
 
 * The author of the modem history of Newark, stiles 
 Hercules Clay " the miraculous dreamer!" speaking, it is 
 much to be feared contemptuously. Harassed and dis- 
 tressed in mind as Clay must, from his situation, have been, 
 
382 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 
 
 Mayor and Aldermen, one hundred pounds, 
 to be placed at interest by the Vicar's consent, 
 for the said Vicar's benefit, to preach a sermon 
 on the 11th of March; and gave one hundred 
 pounds, to be out at interest by the said Mayor 
 and Aldermen, for the benefit of the Poor of 
 the said Town, to be paid yearly on the said 
 1 1th of March, which has been constantly paid, 
 and till of late at the rate of six pounds per 
 cent. 
 
 for some time, the dream in itself, and even its recurrence 
 is not much to be wondered at ; but why might not an 
 honest industrious tradesman of Newark, be warned by 
 God in a dream ? There is not the least evidence that 
 Hercules Clay was not as deserving an object of Divine in- 
 terposition, to the full, as many who are on record. We 
 are taught to believe that the eye of Providence over- 
 looks us — that the hand of Providence guides us ; and yet 
 sneered at, if we acknowledge that hand to have been 
 particularly extended to ward off impending danger. 
 Monstrous absurdity, generated between Ignorance and 
 Envy ! Talk of an Omnipotent God— and limit his power ! 
 Check the rising divinity that stirs within us, merely because 
 its avowal is unfashionable! Let the appeal lie to any 
 unprejudiced man, and he will confess, if he dare, that he 
 has oft felt the uninvited admonition of presentiment ; but 
 that too, is become a ridiculous term, 
 
 " We think our fathers fools, so wise we grow. 
 Our wiser sons, no doubt, will think us so." 
 
CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 383 
 
 JOHN JOHNSON, (2 Protector.) 
 
 d&flp, That John Johnson by his Will, 
 dated the 22nd of October, 1655, gave a rent- 
 charge of Five Pounds per Annum, for the use 
 of fifty of the poorest and most ancient widows 
 and widowers of Newark, to be paid yearly to 
 the Mayor or Church-wardens on the 20th of 
 December, and distributed the day after. And 
 gave four cottages in Parish-Lane,* in New- 
 ark, to be for ever enjoyed by four old widows, 
 to be therein placed in succession by the ap- 
 pointment of the said Mayor and Aldermen; 
 and willed, that John Johnson, his Heirs and 
 Assigns, should for ever after, out of certain 
 Lands devised to him by the said Will, uphold 
 and repair the said four Cottages ; and gave 
 forty pounds to be bestowed in Plate for the 
 public use and credit of the said Corporation ; 
 and fifty pounds, the interest whereof was 
 yearly to be employed towards the most neces- 
 sary repairs of the Church Windows; and that 
 although they cannot find the Lands mentioned 
 
 ♦ Now called Guildhall Street. 
 
384 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 
 
 in the said Will, to repair the said four Cotta- 
 ges, yet they have for several years repaired 
 the same out of the profits of the Corporation 
 Estates. 
 
 WILLIAM WATSON and EMMA his wife, (4 Protector.) 
 
 ^9p> That William Watson and Emma 
 his wife, by Indenture, dated the 21st of May 
 1657, granted a rent-charge of Twenty shil- 
 lings per annum, to the said Mayor and Alder- 
 men, and their successors, for the Vicar to 
 preach a Sermon on the 25th of December, 
 which the Vicar has always received of the 
 owner of the said Estate. 
 
 JOHN MARTIN, (3 C. II.) 
 
 t, That John Martin, by Deed or Will 
 bearing date the 14th of March, 1663, gave 
 the use of Fifty Pounds to be paid to the said 
 Mayor and Aldermen, to be laid out in Coal, 
 and distributed by them yearly at Christmas 
 and for many years they have added Fifty 
 Shillings thereto. 
 
CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 385 
 
 EMMA WATSON. (15 C. II.) 
 
 j§ap> That Emma Watson by her Will, 
 dated the 8th of December 1675, gave to the 
 Mayor and Aldermen Fifty Pounds, to be put 
 out at interest, to be disposed of in buying 
 Coal or Corn for the poor people, at their 
 discretion, which they have yearly laid out 
 at the rate of six pounds per cent. 
 
 RICHARD LAMB. 
 
 £ap, That Richard Lamb by his Will, 
 gave the poor Twenty-five Shillings per an- 
 num, to be paid to the Mayor, Churchwardens 
 and Overseers on the 20th of December to be 
 distributed in Coal amongst the housekeepers, 
 and which they have yearly received and paid 
 accordingly. 
 
 ANTHONY COLLINGWOOD. (18 C. II.) 
 
 That Anthony Collingwood by his 
 Will, dated the 8th of March, 1678, devised 
 unto the said Mayor and Aldermen, his Land- 
 
386 CHARITABLE DONATIONS, 
 
 at Farndon and Allington, in Trust for the 
 said Vicar, to maintain Prayers in the Church 
 twice every day ; and gave his House in Stod- 
 man-street to the said Mayor and Aldermen, 
 for ever y for the use of the Corporation, [Here 
 says the Author, Dr. Wilson, the Writer of the 
 Extract^ or the Corporation, were mistaken, for 
 according to the account which I had fromY ork, 
 the said House in Stodman-street, was only 
 given in Trust to the Mayor and Aldermen for 
 the use of the Poor] and his House in Carter- 
 gate to the said Mayor and Aldermen to sup- 
 port the Fabrick of the Church ; and Say they 
 have always applied the Rents of the Lands to 
 the Charities founded by the said Wftli J '< 
 
 NICHOLAS, EARL OF SCARSDALE. (19 C. II.) 
 
 4&8{I» That Nicholas, Earl of Scarsdale, 
 by Indenture, dated 26th of August, 1679, 
 in confirmation of his Grandfather's Gift, 
 granted to the Alderman and Assistants £\0 
 per annual for ever, in Trust to be paid to the 
 Vicar, for preaching two Sermons yearly on 
 the Feast days of St. Thomas and Good Friday, 
 
CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 387 
 
 which, they say, the Vicar has constantly re- 
 ceived. 
 
 HENRY STONES, (3 James II.) 
 
 £ap, That Henry Stones by his Will, 
 dated the 6th of July, 1688, gave to several 
 Trustees, Fourteen Hundred Pounds to be laid 
 out in Lands for the use of the Corporations 
 of Newark and Lincoln, for the employment 
 of the poor Inhabitants of the said Corpora- 
 tions; one Moiety of the said Fourteen Hun- 
 dred Pounds to be settled for the use of the 
 Jersey School, in Newark, and the first five 
 years profits of the same to be employed in 
 building a Work-house in Newark, and if the 
 said Moiety, being Seven Hundred Pounds, 
 was not settled, and always employed to the 
 use of the said Work-house or Jersey School, 
 that then the Corporation of Lincoln, should 
 enter upon the said Lands, and hold the same 
 to the use of their Jersey School; and the said 
 Defendants say, they have always received 
 and paid the yearly profits of the said Seven 
 Hundred Pounds towards the building and 
 employing a Jersey School as aforesaid. 
 
388 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 
 
 LADY FRANCES LEAK, (2 Will. & Mary.) 
 
 £ap, That Lady Frances Leak by her 
 Will, dated the 23rd of December, 1690, gave 
 One Hundred Pounds to the use of the Poor, 
 and Two Hundred Pounds to be expended 
 in Plate for the Communion Table; and say 
 they have received the said £ 100, and distri- 
 buted the Interest accordingly, and laid out 
 the said £ 200. in Communion Plate. 
 
 THOMAS WHITE, 
 
 Lord Bishop of Peterborough, (2 Will. & Mary.) 
 
 £ap, That Thomas White, late Lord 
 Bishop of Peterborough, by his Will, dated 
 some time in the year 1690, gave to the Poor 
 oi Newark, Two Hundred and Forty Pounds, 
 to be laid out in Lands, and Ten Pounds yearly 
 to be paid out of the Rents thereof to the said 
 Poor for ever, and the remainder to the Vicar, 
 for his pains in distributing of the same, which 
 he directed should be made once every year 
 on the 14th of December, by the said Vicar 
 in the Church Porch, in the presence of the 
 
CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 389 
 
 Church-wardens and Overseers of the Poor, 
 among twenty poor families, or persons of 
 forty years of age, equally Husband and Wife 
 one person, who should before the receiving 
 distinctly repeat the Lord's Prayer, the Apo- 
 stle's Creed and the Ten Commandments, with- 
 out missing one word ; * and no one should 
 receive the said Charity twice, till all the Poor 
 of the said Parish had received it once, that 
 the advantage thereby might spread as far as 
 possible, and desired the Vicar to distribute 
 the same, and the said Defendants admit, that 
 the Mayor and Aldermen have received, and 
 laid out the Two Hundred and Forty Pounds in 
 a purchase of Lands at Besthorpe and Girton, 
 and have always paid the Charity, exclusively 
 of the Tatfes, into the Vicar's Hands, to be 
 disposed of by him accordingly.! 
 
 * This repetition is annually performed, though perhaps 
 not exactly conformable to the strict letter of the good 
 Bishop's injunction. Yet in such a novel exhibition as 
 twenty persons of forty years of age publicly going through 
 such a ceremony in the nineteeth century — a little lip room 
 ought certainly to be granted. 
 
 f The Charity Estates at Besthorpe and Girton, consist- 
 ing of 161 A. 1 R. 19 P. were Let on a Lease for tin term 
 
390 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 
 
 THOMAS SUMMERS, (3 Anne) 
 
 &&#, That Thomas Summers by his Will, 
 dated the 1st of August, 1705, charged his 
 Lands at Carlton, and the Messuage he then 
 lived in at Newark, with Five Hundred 
 Pounds, to the said Mayor and Aldermen, to 
 purchase Lands, and out of the produce to pay, 
 weekly, to the Five Bead-men in Newark one 
 shilling each for ever, and the surplus to be 
 given among the poor on every second of Fe- 
 bruary; and Say, that they have laid out the 
 said Five Hundred Pounds in Lands at West 
 
 of 14 years, to commence on old Lady day, 1817, at the 
 annual rent of ,£256. 
 
 Whether it were the Right Reverend Donor's intention, 
 that the poor of the parish of Newark or its Vicar should 
 he most materially benefitted by his bequest, may be a 
 question at haw ; but will scarcely admit of a doubt in 
 moral equity, the words "the remainder to the Vicar for 
 his pains" seem to imply a remuneration for trouble, which 
 seldom is of more value than the thing given. Besides had 
 that been the purpose of the Bishop, would he not have 
 devised the Lands to the Vicar, chargeable with the sum of 
 Ten Pounds annually to the Poor, out of the rents and 
 profits arising therefrom ? 
 
CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 391 
 
 and East Laughton, formerly fifty -five pounds 
 per annum ; but now (1733) only forty seven 
 pounds ten shillings per annum, and have added 
 thereto five hundred and fifty pounds of their 
 own money in the said purchase, and duly dis- 
 tributed one shilling a week among the said 
 Bead-men ; and the surplus proportionable to 
 the said Five Hundred Pounds, in clothing 
 thirty-four boys yearly, who are educated at 
 the Charity School, which the said Defend- 
 ants do not apprehend to be any misapplication 
 of the said Charity.* 
 
 HOBMAN, (2 G. II.) 
 
 Mr* Hobman, formerly Town Clerk of 
 Newark, left by his Will, executed in the 
 year 1/29, the sum of Fifty Pounds, in Trust 
 to the Mayor and Aldermen, the Interest 
 whereof was to be distributed for the use of 
 the poor*" 
 
 * The above Lands at East and West Laughton consist* 
 ing of 96 A. 1 R. 4 P. were Let by Auction, at the Town 
 Hall, in Newark, on the 25th day of September, 1817, on 
 Lease for the term of 14 years to commence the 6th day of 
 April, 1818, for the annual rent of £ 130. 
 
392 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 
 
 ELEANOR DOUGLAS. (12 G. II.) 
 
 Mrs. Eleanor Douglas by her Will, ex- 
 ecuted in the year 1739, left One Hundred 
 Pounds to the Mayor and Aldermen, in Trust, 
 that the Interest thereof should be employed 
 in the same Charity with the Legacy given to 
 the said Corporation by her late Brother 
 Thomas Summers, as an Augmentation there- 
 unto. 
 
 Dr. WILSON, Vicar of Newark. (9 & 10 G. III.) 
 
 By a Codicil to his last Will, dated the 31st 
 of May, 1769, bequeathed the sum of Forty 
 Pounds, to be distributed in two equal portions 
 every year, viz. on the 11th of January and 
 the 2 1st of August, respectively, by the Vicar 
 of Newark for the time being, to such indigent 
 families of Newark as he shall approve : and 
 other Ten Pounds he gave to the Vicar, for 
 preaching a Sermon on each of those days, and 
 for his care and trouble in distributing the 
 aforesaid alms. Also, by a subsequent Codicil, 
 dated the 7th of June, 1770, he further gave 
 
CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 393 
 
 One Hundred Pounds per annum to be distri- 
 buted by his nephew, Robert Cracroft, and 
 his heirs, in manner following: Forty Pounds 
 on the 21st of August, and Sixty Pounds on 
 the 31st of December, among fifty poor families 
 residing in the said Town of Newark, in such 
 shares and proportions as he the said Robert 
 Cracroft or his heirs shall think proper. Also 
 Ten Pounds per annum to be distributed by 
 the same persons, at the same seasons, in equal 
 portions among twenty poor Widow r s living at 
 the said Town of Newark. Also other Ten 
 Pounds per aunum to the Vicar of Newark, 
 so long as he shall behave himself with decency 
 and respect to the said Robert Cracroft his 
 heirs and assigns.* 
 
 GEORGE LAWRENCE, Esq. Alderman of Newark. 
 (37 G. III.) 
 
 By his Will, dated the 5th day of December, 
 1797 > gave One Thousand Pounds to the Mavor 
 
 * A tolerably tempting inducement to outward civility 
 at the least. 
 
 C C 
 
394 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 
 
 and Aldermen of Newark, in Trust, to be 
 placed on Government Securities, for the 
 benefit of the objects of Phillipot's Charity. 
 
 It seems the Court was not fully satisfied 
 with some of these answers, as appears by an 
 " EXTRACT from the Answer of the Mayor 
 and Aldermen, to the amended Bill of Inform- 
 ation touching the other Charities" 
 
 HENRY STONES. 
 
 The Mayor and Aldermen say, that the 
 said Henry Stones, had devised, if need should 
 be, that the first five years profits of ^700. 
 being a Moiety of the j£I400. should be em- 
 ployed in erecting a convenient place in 
 Newark to work in. Also, that he had willed 
 his Trustees should be perpetual Visitors or 
 Supervisors, that his Gifts should not be con- 
 verted to other uses. 
 
 j£>ap, There had been for many years a 
 Jersey School or Work-house, the Master of 
 which had been appointed by them in their 
 
CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 395 
 
 corporate capacity; That such Master sup- 
 plied the poor with Jersey for spinning, and 
 paid them such prices as were allowed by the 
 Master of the Lincoln Jersey School, and also 
 paid women for teaching the poor children, 
 and other poor of the town, the art of spin- 
 ning ; that the annual expenses of the Jersey 
 School laid out by them (the Mayor and Alder- 
 men) had often exceeded, but was never less 
 than the produce of Stone's £ 700., viz. in 
 repairing the School, finding wheels and reels, 
 and allowing a stipend to the Master, in con- 
 sideration of his teaching the poor to spin, and 
 his loss sustained by spoiling and waste of 
 Jersey ; that many poor persons being em- 
 ployed by means of this Charity, were kept 
 off from becoming a charge upon the parish. 
 
 CONSOLIDATED CHARITIES. 
 
 Admit they have received by their Cham- 
 berlains, the sums given by the said Stdne, 
 Bethell, Clay, Johnson, Martin, Watson, 
 Bishop White and Summers, and that part of 
 the said sums, viz. ^1330, was in 1700 laid 
 
 cc 2 
 
396 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 
 
 out in purchase of lands in Girton, Besthorpe, 
 and South Scarle, being Copyhold Lands of 
 the Manor of Newark, and are let at about 
 £bQ. per annum ; and that the said Copyhold 
 was surrendered by Thomas Goodbourn to 
 one Hacker, in trust for the then Mayor and 
 Aldermen : And that ^500. given by Summers 
 was, in conjunction with ^550. of defendant's 
 proper money, in their corporate capacity, 
 laid out in the purchase of lands in East and 
 West Laughton, in the county of Lincoln, and 
 conveyed to them in their corporate capacity, 
 by Lease and Release, dated the 16th and 17th 
 of May, 1715, which said premises are let at 
 j£40. a year. 
 
 Notwithstanding these solemn decisions by 
 the Court, much asperity and malevolence still 
 continued between the late parties in the suitj 
 many of whom lived several years after its de- 
 termination, particularly the principal mover^ 
 Dr. Wilson, who survived the pronouncing ot 
 the Decree 34 years. In the year 1748, disputes 
 ran very high concerning the due number of 
 Churchwardens, some holding that the whole 
 
CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 397 
 
 of the four persons chosen on Easter Tuesday, 
 were actually and severally Churchwardens ; 
 others, that only two of them were competent 
 to that office, and that the remaining two were 
 only capacitated to serve as Sidemen. * Much 
 inkshed ensued, and several documents were 
 published which are, even now, worthy of 
 notice. Amongst the rest, one written by Mr. 
 John Heron, a Churchwarden, in that year, 
 seems to embrace every point in the squabble, 
 the work is now becoming extremely scarce, 
 and from the equity and unanimity which at 
 this time preside over the Counsels at Newark, 
 the subject matter thereof, bordering upon the 
 obsolete ; yet, whatever has once happened, 
 may again recur : had Magnus ever conceived 
 the idea that it would have been found neces- 
 sary to call in the aid of a Lord High Chancel- 
 lor to re-direct the current of his benevolence, 
 from a perverted course, it is highly probable, 
 Newark would not now have had to boast one 
 of the noblest donations in the kingdom : 
 Brown and Phillipot were not deficient in per- 
 
 * Parish Officers who assist the Church-wanlon . 
 
398 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 
 
 spicacity, but, could they have foreseen some 
 occurences which have come to pass, their 
 Wills certainly would not have been so loosely 
 worded as to admit of doubt, cavil or miscon- 
 struction. When this, our very best of gene- 
 rations shall have passed away, there may 
 " a king arise who knew not Joseph.' 9 There- 
 fore as upwards of 70 years have elapsed since 
 Mr. Heron's treatise was ushered into the 
 world, it is hoped that will be a sufficient 
 apology for presenting the public with a new 
 Edition, 
 
399 
 
 AN ADDRESS 
 
 TO THE 
 
 Parishioners of Newark upon Trent. 
 
 ■ 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 The Vicar having of late open- 
 ly declared that two of your three Churchward- 
 ens are hut Sidemen, we think it our duty as 
 your officers, as well as our interest as 
 Parishioners, to put you upon your guard, by 
 representing the affair in its true light ; being 
 of the utmost importance to the peace and 
 welfare of this parish. It is w r ell known to all 
 of you, that during the course of our office, we 
 have insisted upon, and exerted the full rights 
 and powers of Churchwardens, which we had 
 not but from a full conviction that we were 
 really such. The Vicar indeed and his Church- 
 warden affirm we are two of us Sidemen, and 
 
400 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 the Vicar's Churchwarden has, in consequence, 
 refused to act even with the Officer whom he 
 allows to be a Churchwarden, because that 
 Officer would not act with the Vicar's, unless 
 also in conjunction with his fellow Church- 
 warden, chosen by the Parish. A state of the 
 case in print we have judged the most likely to 
 evince the truth, much preferable to all oppor- 
 tunities of public discourse, (though neither do 
 we decline that) every person interested when 
 most at leisure, may now become acquainted 
 with and understand the truth. We are very 
 far from insisting ourselves, or putting the 
 parish to insist upon rights which belong not 
 to them ; being truly sensible the interest of 
 every place is, that all persons entrusted, 
 should exercise their respective powers, not 
 encroach or trample upon the just authorities 
 of each other. 
 
 The method in this Parish of electing 
 Churchwardens, has mostly been to chuse two 
 new together with two old, or in other words 
 the two juniors of the preceding year, who 
 then entered as the seniors ; and for collection 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 401 
 
 of the Church rates, the Parish, being very 
 large, is divided into two districts, one whereof 
 is gathered by the senior and the other by the 
 junior Church-wardens. Also out of the money 
 arising from the whole rates, the practice has 
 generally been for the senior Church-wardens 
 to make the disbursements. This we appre- 
 hend has given birth to the present dispute ; 
 but (as we hope to make it appear) without 
 foundation. 
 
 Upon supposition that all the four are 
 Church- wardens it is easy to imagine how this 
 method came about. The Church-wardens 
 had not, in our memory, to do with the Charity 
 Estates until the late recovery of them from 
 the body corporate, which has doubtless greatly 
 added, as well to the business as to the import- 
 ance of the Church-warden's office. When 
 their only province was the proper affairs of that 
 office, we are sensible, from experience, two of 
 the Church-wardens could execute the office 
 with greater ease than all the four can perform 
 it now; the estates of Magnus and Brotvn (the 
 greatest part whereof lies at a distance) having 
 
402 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 found us more employment than all the 
 branches of our office merely as Church- 
 wardens. The case being thus formerly, it 
 might be very natural, and for their own ease, 
 to leave the chief management to the seniors. 
 It is seldom in public affairs (in which no one 
 is particularly interested) that any will take 
 upon themselves more trouble than they 
 necessarily must ; also the first year of the 
 Church-wardenship might instruct the juniors 
 and better qualify them for the more active 
 part in the year succeeding. 
 
 It appears by Warner's case in Crake's 
 reports, that in the Parish of All-Hallows, 
 London, the Parishioners used every year to 
 elect Church-wardens, and that one who had 
 been elected Church-warden is elected to con- 
 tinue a year longer and to be the upper Church- 
 warden and another is chosen to him who is 
 called the under Church-warden. Now it is 
 very probable from the two year's continuance 
 in office, the different appellations, and rising 
 from the under to be the upper Church-ward- 
 en, that the upper is usually the main acting 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 403 
 
 Church-warden of that Parish. But the under 
 Church-warden, notwithstanding, is the other's 
 fellow, and being such may equally intermeddle 
 (if he see proper) in the affairs of the Church. 
 The practice is now the same in regard to the 
 Overseers of the Poor in our Parish , four per- 
 sons are every Easter nominated to this office, 
 two new are added to the juniors of the former 
 year ; the senior Overseers collect the in book, 
 i. e. of the Parishioners living in the inner 
 parts of the town, and the juniors collect the 
 out book, and the money they have usually 
 delivered over to the seniors, who have made 
 the disbursements. But would any infer from 
 hence that the juniors are not therefore Over- 
 seers of the Poor, or (which is the same thing) 
 have not a right to act with the seniors in 
 every branch of the office? Church-wardens, 
 as such, are as well Overseers as the persons 
 properly so called ; yet how seldom is it that 
 Church-wardens concern themselves in the 
 affairs of the poor ? By the general usage of 
 most parishes the Church-wardens confine 
 themselves to the Church, and the Overseers, 
 only, provide for the poor. Yet if a Church- 
 
404 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 warden will extend his cares into all the parts 
 of his office, and act also on behalf of the poor, 
 his authority cannot be disputed. But the ju- 
 nior Church-wardens of this Parish have not 
 only collected the largest part of the Church 
 rates, but have also done many other acts which 
 belong to the Church- warden's office, and 
 which not any law or canon enjoins or autho- 
 rizes Sidemen to do. They collect through the 
 Church and Parish upon charity briefs, and in 
 the absence of the seniors, certify Poor's settle- 
 ments, &c. It is also apparent from the entries 
 of the spiritual court, that all the four Officers 
 join in presentments; and of such offences 
 which a Sidemen has not a right to meddle 
 with, as, when a Parishioner refuses to pay his 
 rate to the Church repairs. And, if the juniors 
 were but Sidemen, it is very unlikely they 
 would engage in so troublesome an office as 
 that of collecting the Church rates, being part 
 of the Church- warden's duty ; if some were 
 willing to do it, yet others would not, and this 
 by breaking in upon, must necessarily have 
 put and end to that usage. The names like- 
 wise of the seniors and the juniors (being 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 405 
 
 words of relation) imply them to be officers of 
 the same rank with each other. 
 
 The next foundation we shall build upon, 
 to shew we are all Churchwardens and of 
 equal power, is the Coucher, or Parish Book, 
 intitutled, " A Coucher, or remembrance dedi- 
 cated to the Wardens of the Church, for per- 
 petual succession of the Acts of the Guardians 
 thereof." This book begins with the accompt 
 of the Churchwardens of the year 1626, (above 
 six score years ago) and comes down to the 
 present time (1748), We shall lay before you 
 the stiles of every year's accompt, entered in 
 the book. That for 1626, being the first, is 
 taken word for word, from the Coucher, in or- 
 der to make appear the form of these stiles. 
 From the others it was sufficient to present you 
 with the names only, of the four Churchward- 
 ens, except where any thing remarkable oc- 
 curred, and therefore it was judged necessary 
 then to give the whole stile. But first, take 
 the extracts from the Coucher, and then we 
 shall subjoin some remarks naturally arising 
 from the contents of the Coucher-Book. 
 
406 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 A List of the Churchwardens from 1626. 
 
 1626. 
 
 The Accompte of William Birkitt, William Barker, 
 Michael Clipsham, and Henry Gray, Churchwardens for 
 the yeare past made before John Standishe, Maior, and 
 the Aldermen, Inhabitants of the Towne of Newarke upon 
 Trent, this second day of April, in the third yeare of the 
 reign of our Sovereign Lord Charles, by the grace of God, 
 of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, &c. 1627. 
 
 1627. 
 
 Michael Clipsham, ^\ 
 
 William Taylor, and /^Churchwardens. 
 Paul Wilson, J 
 
 1628. 
 Paul Wilson, "} 
 
 William Taylor, ^Churchwardens 
 
 Thomas Tresse, and /^aurtnwardens. 
 
 Thomas Somers, J 
 1629. 
 
 The Accompte of Thomas Tresse, Thomcts Summers, 
 Pfilliam Haslam, and William Ellis, made before Christo- 
 pher Wilson, Maior, and the Aldermen of the Towne of 
 Newark upon Trent, the nine and twentieth of March, &c. 
 1630. 
 
 1630 
 
 William Haslam, 
 William Ellis, 
 William Martin, and 
 William Idle, 
 
 1631. 
 
 William Idle, 
 Richard Dickens, 
 Robert Becke, and 
 John Johnson, 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 407 
 
 1634. 
 
 Robert Buckley, 
 
 John Marris, 
 
 John Shirtevante, & f Churchwardens. 
 
 William Watson, 
 
 dey, "^ 
 
 fante, & p 
 tson, J 
 
 1635. 
 
 John Shirtevante, ^ 
 William Watson, I _, . 
 Thomas Smith, and ^Churchwarden?. 
 William Dallie water, J 
 
 1636. 
 
 Thomas Smith, ^ 
 
 William Dalliewater, ( -,, , 
 Hercules Clay, and >Church wardens. 
 
 William Baker, J 
 
 1637. 
 
 Hercules Clay, "} 
 
 William Baker, I -,, . . 
 
 Jeffery Hebden, and Churchwardens. 
 
 Robert Daintieth, J 
 
 1638. 
 
 Jeffery Hebden, "^ 
 
 Robert Daintieth, (.Churchwardens 
 Henrie Cam and >^&urcnwardens. 
 
 William Martin, J 
 
 1639. 
 
 Henrie Cam, 
 William Martin, 
 Robert Wilson, " J 
 William Barret, 
 
 i, and | 
 
 1640. 
 
 Robert Wilson, 
 
 William Barret, 
 
 Marke Moore, and ^Churchwardens . 
 
 John Hallam, 
 
 >n, "} 
 
 ret, f 
 e, and f 
 
408 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 1641. 
 
 Marke Moore, 
 
 Robert Brownley, 
 
 George Reddish, and f Churchwardens. 
 
 Edward Newton, 
 
 ey > L 
 
 i, and f 
 Q > J 
 
 1642. 
 
 George Read, *} 
 
 Edward Newton, ( « ' , 
 Thomas Hobman, & >Church wardens. 
 John Martin, J 
 
 1643. 
 
 Thomas Hobman, *} 
 
 John Martin, ( _ . 
 
 John Queeingboro' & ^Churchwardens. 
 
 Richard Herring, J 
 
 1644. 
 
 John Queeingborow, "} 
 Riehard Herring, (« . 
 William Reason, & ^Churchwardens. 
 Robert Gonison, J 
 
 1645. 
 
 William Reason, "^ 
 
 Robert Gonison, ( ' 
 
 George Wells, and fChurch wardens. 
 
 Roger Whitton, J 
 
 1646. 
 
 George Wells, "J 
 
 Roger Whitton, I _, . , 
 
 Henry Gill, and ^Churchwardens. 
 
 William Hobman, J 
 
 1647. 
 
 The Accompt of William Hobman and Robert Becke, 
 surviveing Churchwardens, after the death of Henry Gill 
 and William JVombwell 9 made in the parrish church of 
 Newark, the third day of April, Anno Dom. 1648* before 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 409 
 
 Henry Cam, Maior, Henry Truman, Viccar, and the Aid- 
 ermea and other the Inhabitants of the sayd Towne, for 
 the yeare then ended. 
 
 1648. 
 
 Thomas Lambe, ^ 
 
 Thomas Birch, I ~ . . 
 
 Benjamin Wilson, and >Churchwardens. 
 Matthew Jennison, J 
 
 1649. 
 
 Richard Clarke, 
 
 George Wood, ( ~, , 
 
 Christ. H aslam, and >Church W a?iens. 
 
 Hugh Tresse, J 
 
 1650. 
 
 William Thompson, ") 
 
 Robert Hoyse, ( ™ , , 
 
 William Tuftin, and >Church war dens. 
 
 ^ohn Toler, J 
 
 1651. 
 
 The Accompt of John Toler, William PockUngton, 
 and William, Trolove, Churchwardens for the yeare past, 
 made and taken the twentieth day of April, in the yeare ol 
 our Lord one thousande six hundred fifty and two, before 
 Francis Fitzwilliams, Maior, the Aldermen and other In- 
 habitants of the sayde Towne. 
 
 Note, the last Item is in the words following. " They 
 also crave allowance for Moneys which Mr. Wiiham Tuftin 
 late Churchwarden, deceased, had in his hand at the time 
 of his death as by his notes appeareth, 9Z. 2s, 4d. 
 
 1652. 
 
 William Pocklington, 
 
 Nicholas Trolove, I >-« * 
 
 t r :„ji~.. ' j >ChurchwaixWiv 
 
 Jasper Lindley, and 
 Richard Worsdale, 
 
 
 D D 
 
410 HERONS ADDRESS. 
 
 1653. 
 
 Jasper Lindley, "") 
 
 Richard Worsdale, l ~. . . 
 
 John Barber, and ^Churchwardens. 
 
 Richard Parker, J 
 
 1654. 
 
 The Accompt of John Barber, Richard Parker, Thomas 
 Burnet, and John Readyards, Churchwardens for the yeare 
 nowe ended, made the 27th day of Aprill, in the yeare of 
 our Lord, 1655, before Matthew Jennison, Maior of the 
 sayd Town, Christopher Wilson, Jeffrey Hebden, and Ben- 
 jamin Wilson, Justices of Peace within the said Towne ; 
 William Graunt and Robert Collett, new Churchwardens 
 chosen to serve in that place, together with the said Thomas 
 Burnett and John Readyards, and other Inhabitants of the 
 sayd Towne then present, as followeth. 
 
 1655. 
 
 The Accompt of Thomas Burnett, John Readyard, and 
 Robert Collett, Churchwardens, [William Graunt, theire 
 fellowe Churchwarden being absent] for the yeare now 
 ended, made the two and twentieth day of Aprill, in the 
 year of our Lord Christ, 1656, before Christopher Wilson, 
 Maior of the said Towne, Matthew Jennison, Samuel 
 Hawkes, Viccar, William Birkitts and William Basledine; 
 the said William, Brown, William Cooke, William Birkitts- 
 and William Basledine, new Churchwardens, then before 
 chosen to serve in that place for the yeare following, other 
 the Inhabitants of the said Towne then present, in the 
 parish church there. 
 
 1656. 
 
 William Cooke, ^ 
 William Browne, I ~. , , 
 
 William Birkitts, and /"Churchwardens. 
 
 William Basledine, J 
 
 1657. 
 
 William Birkitts, ^ 
 
 William Basledine, ( ~, , , 
 
 Christopher Buckley, & ^Churchwardens. 
 William Parker, J 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 411 
 
 1658. 
 
 Christopher Buckley, "J 
 
 William Parker, ( ~. . 
 
 John Marris, and >Churchwardens. 
 
 Richard Hoys, J 
 
 1659. 
 
 John Marris, 
 
 Richard Hovs, ( _. 
 
 John Girton, and >Churchwardetr.. 
 
 Michael Herring, J 
 
 1660. 
 
 John Girton, ^ 
 
 Michael Herring, t^, 
 
 Edward Armstrong, and ^Churchwardens. 
 
 John Gagge, J 
 
 1661. 
 
 The Accompt of Mr. Leveret Jennison and Mr. Hugh 
 Tresse, Churchwardens, for the yeare ending at Easter last, 
 made the fourteenth daie of October, Anno Dom. 1662, 
 annoq. Regni Regis Caroli Sedi 14. before Christopher Has- 
 lam, Maior, William Martin , Alderman, William Twenty 
 •man, senior, Robert Baley, George Beekbecke, parishioners. 
 
 1662. 
 
 Leveret Jennison, 
 George Beckbecke, 
 William Martin, 
 William Haslam. 
 
 1663. 
 
 Mark Moore, junior, 
 
 John Featley, 
 
 Christopher Wilson, & ^Churchwardens. 
 
 Francis Whitton, 
 
 1UUO. 
 
 e, junior, ^ 
 
 Wilson, & r 
 itton, J 
 
 } 
 
 1664. 
 
 Christopher Wilson 
 
 Francis Whitton, 
 
 William Twentiman, & f Churchwardens 
 
 Dennis Coolinge, 
 
 l> J) Z 
 
412 
 
 HERON'S ADDRESS, 
 
 1665. 
 
 Robert Taylor, 
 Robert Wilson, 
 William Faux, and 
 Samuel Thornton. 
 
 1666. 
 
 William Bayly, 
 Samuel Clarke, 
 Goddard Dye, and 
 Stephen Thorpe. 
 
 1667 
 
 Goddard Dye, 
 Stephen Thorpe, 
 Alexander Clarke, and 
 Edward Smalley, 
 
 1668. 
 
 Alexander Clarke, 
 Edward Smalley, 
 William Glover, and 
 Samuel Harvey, 
 
 1669. 
 
 William Glover, 
 Samuel Harvey, 
 Isaac Sherwin, and 
 Edmund Small, 
 
 1670 
 
 William Fisher, 
 John Arnall, 
 Matthew Alvey, and 
 William Whitton, 
 
 } 
 
 1671, 
 
 Henry Cam, 
 William Whitton, 
 Andrew Kippis, and 
 Richard RawsoH* 
 
 •Churchwardens » 
 
 } 
 
 Churchwardens 
 
 } 
 } 
 
 Churchwardens, 
 
 Churchwardens. 
 
 \ 
 
 Churchwardens 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 1672. 
 
 413 
 
 1 
 
 Richard Rawson, 
 
 Andrew Kippis, 
 
 William Flobman, and >Cnurchwardens. 
 
 Thomas Goddard, J 
 
 1673. 
 
 William Hob man, "J 
 
 Thomas Goddard, ( _, . 
 
 Francis Cheetam, and /Churchwardens. 
 
 Samuel Spragging, J 
 
 1674. 
 Richard Lambe, "\ 
 
 Matthew Cumberland, I ^, , , 
 John Hoyes, and ^Churchwardens. 
 
 Robert Wilson, J 
 
 1675. 
 
 John Hoyes, "\ 
 
 Robert Wilson, l ~. . , 
 
 John Swift, and ^Churchwardens . 
 
 Valentine Draper, J 
 
 1676. 
 
 John Swift, "\ 
 
 Valentine Draper, 1 ~. . , 
 
 John Awfield, and ^Churchwardens. 
 
 George Oats, J 
 
 1678. 
 
 John Cheetam, "") 
 
 John Wh alley, I ~. . . 
 
 William RastaU, and >Churchwardens. 
 
 William Walker, J 
 
 1679. 
 
 William RastaU, 
 
 William Walker, 
 
 William Jackson, and >Churchwardeiii. 
 
 William Barlow, J 
 
 I 
 
414 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 1680. 
 
 William Jackson, "\ 
 
 William Barlow, (_ 
 
 Anthony Markham,and >Churchwarden&. 
 
 Samuel Gold. J 
 
 1681. 
 
 Anthony Markham, 
 Samuel Gold, 
 
 Francis Milnes, and ( Ch 
 
 Solomon Bettison. J 
 
 1 
 
 1682. 
 
 Francis Milnes, 
 Solomon Bettison, 
 William Pocklington, & 
 George Hunt, 
 
 1683. 
 
 William Pocklington, 
 George Hunt, 
 Robert Hoyes, and 
 Francis Whitton. 
 
 1684. 
 
 Rpbert Hoyes, 
 Francis Whitton, 
 Owen Gascoigne, and 
 Joseph Drake.* 
 
 } 
 } 
 
 Churchwarden* 
 
 Churchwardens. 
 
 } 
 
 Churchwardens. 
 
 1689. 
 
 Mr. Robert Marris, *} 
 Mr. Matthew Alvey, I ^ , , 
 Mr. Thomas Newham& >Churchwardens. 
 Mr. Thomas Wilson. J 
 
 1690. 
 
 Mr. Robert Marris, ^ 
 
 Mr. Matthew Alvey, 1 -,, , , 
 
 John Cooke, and ^Churchwardens. 
 
 John Tomlinson. J 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 415 
 
 1691. 
 
 John Cooke, ^ 
 
 John Tomlinson, I nu , . ^- , 
 
 Bernard Wilson/and ^Churchwardens. 
 
 Thomas Summers. J 
 
 1692. 
 
 Mr. Bernard Wilson, "} 
 Thomas Summers, I ^, , . 
 
 Edward Hobson, and ^Churchwardens. 
 Christopher Buckley. J 
 1693. 
 
 Churchwardens. 
 
 Mr. Edward Hobson, "} 
 
 Christopher Buckley, ( 
 
 John Clayton, and j 
 
 Hugh Bernard. J 
 
 1696. 
 
 The Accompt of Mr. John Cole, Mr. Edward Callis, 
 and Mr. Robert Brooke, Churchwardens for the yeare ended 
 at Lady-day last made and taken within the parish Church 
 of Newark upon Trent, the first day of April, Anno. Dom. 
 1697, before Mr. William Pocklington, Mayor, Mr. William 
 Martin, Mr Robert Marris, and Mr. Richard Read, Justices 
 of the peace and other of the Inhabitants of the said Borough. 
 
 1698. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Peete, ^ 
 
 Mr. John Clarke, I ~, _ 
 
 Mr. Samuel Spragging & /Churchwardens. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Gregg. J 
 
 1700. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Legg, *) 
 
 Mr. Gabriel Alvey, (_, _ 
 
 Mr. Richard Shipman,& /Churchwardens. 
 
 Mr. Robert Marris. J 
 
 1704. 
 
 Mr. John Taylor, "} 
 
 Mr. Francis Clay, (_, , 
 
 Mr. William Gascoigne, /Churchwardens. 
 
 and William Twigg. J 
 
416 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 1705. 
 
 William Gascoigne, "} 
 "William Twigg, ( - . . 
 
 Benjamin Thompson, & /Churchwardens, 
 Bryan Cumberland, J 
 
 1706. 
 
 Benjamin Thompson, 
 
 Bryan Cumberland, 
 
 Guido Dickinson, and >Churchwardens 
 
 Richard Tongue, J 
 
 \ 
 
 1109. 
 
 John Bradshaw, \ 
 
 Robert Woggden, f ~, , , 
 
 John Flowtr, and ( Churchwardens. 
 
 Richard Lovett, ) 
 
 1710. 
 
 John Flower, **\ 
 
 Riehard Lovett, ( ~ , - 
 
 Matthew Derry, and > C hurchwardens. 
 
 William Killinger, J 
 
 1711. 
 
 Matthew Derry, • "\ 
 William Killinger, ( ^, , , 
 
 Edmund Mowtr, and ^Churchwardens. 
 
 Joseph M arris, J 
 
 1712. 
 
 Joseph Marris, ") 
 
 Charles Wilson, ( ™ , , 
 
 Richard Reade, and ^Churchwardens . 
 
 Richard Hawding, J 
 
 1713. 
 
 Richard Reade, ^ 
 
 Richard Hawding, !«, , , 
 
 Henry Martin, and Churchwardens. 
 
 loKn AnJjBeld, J 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 417 
 
 1714. 
 
 Francis Spragging 
 Richard Parker, 
 Edward Eastland, and 
 Thomas Wilson, 
 
 1715. 
 
 Edward Eastland, 
 Thomas Wilson, 
 Joseph Lund, and 
 Edward Smith, 
 
 1716. 
 
 Joseph Lund, 
 Edward Smith, 
 John Cheetam, and 
 John Smith, 
 
 1717. 
 
 John Cheetam, 
 John Cliffe, 
 John Harrison, and 
 Daniel Caparne, 
 
 } 
 } 
 
 Churchwardens. 
 
 Churchwardens. 
 
 Churchwardens. 
 
 >Churchwardens, 
 
 1718. 
 
 John Harrison, 
 
 Daniel Caparne, 
 
 William Cooke, and f Ch 
 
 John Twentyman, J 
 
 I 
 
 1719. 
 
 William Cooke, 
 John Twentyman, 
 Mark Bernfather, and ) 
 Thomas Gregg, J 
 
 } 
 
 Churchwardens. 
 
 1720. 
 
 Mark Bernfather, 
 Thomas Gregg, 
 Thomas Johnson, 
 Terwaite Gibson, 
 
 ^Churchwardens, 
 
 i 
 
418 
 
 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 1721. 
 
 Thomas Johnson, 
 Terwaite Gibson, 
 Robert Fisher and 
 John Pocklington, 
 
 1722. 
 
 Robert Fisher, and 
 John Pocklington, 
 Thomas Haslam, and 
 Stephen Bradshaw, 
 
 1723. 
 
 Thomas Haslam, and 
 Stephen Bradshaw, 
 John Twentyman, jun. 
 
 ^Churchwardens. 
 
 > Churchwardens, 
 
 J 
 
 > Churchwardens, 
 
 Richard Wilson, 
 
 J 
 
 1724. 
 
 The Account of John Twentyman, jun. Richard Wilson , 
 Churchwardens, William Hoyes, Robert Spragging, Side- 
 men, for the yeare ending at Easter, 1725, made and taken 
 in the parish of Newarke, June, 1725, before Mr. Benja- 
 min Farnsworth, Mayor, Mr. Rastall and Mr. Marris, 
 Justices of the Peace, and Mr. Bernard Wilson, Vicar, 
 and other Inhabitants of the said Town of Newarke. 
 
 1725. 
 
 Robert Spragging, and 
 William Hoyes, 
 Edward Wilson, and 
 Henry Fisher, 
 
 1726. 
 
 Edward Wilson, and 
 Henry Fisher, 
 Thomas Milnes, and 
 J ames Tomlinson, 
 
 1727. 
 
 Thomas Milnes, and 
 James Thomlinson, 
 John ( lough, and 
 Francis Noble, 
 
 > Churchwardens. 
 >Sidemen. 
 
 Churchwardens. 
 -Sidemen. 
 
 Churchwardens. 
 
 •Sidemen* 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 419 
 
 1728. 
 
 John Clough and ^churchwarden 
 
 Francis Noble, j 
 
 Matthias Cumberland, l sidemen> 
 Francis Marshal, 
 
 >. 
 
 1729. 
 
 ^Zt s «t ng ' and } Sidemen - 
 
 1130. 
 
 &a^fot S,and } ChUrChwarde - 
 Roger Pocklington, and ) Sidempn 
 Charles Dranfteld, j^emen. 
 
 1731. 
 
 The Accompt of Roger Pocklington, and Charles Dran- 
 neld, Churchwardens, lor the year ending at Easter, 1732. 
 
 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736. 
 
 William Handley, and ") „ u u , 
 John Potter, J Churchwardens. 
 
 1737. 
 
 The Accompt of John Potter, Churchwarden for the 
 year ending at Easter 1738. 
 
 1738, 1739. 
 
 William Linthwaite, and 1 pr^,. , 
 Samuel Foster, j Churchwardens. 
 
 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747. 
 
 William Linthwaite, and 1 ^ u u , 
 Thomas Milnes, j Churchwardens. 
 
 We have here given you the stiles, or 
 abstracts thereof, of every year which is enter- 
 
420 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 ed in the parish book from 1626, the accompts 
 of sixteen years having been omitted to be 
 entered, viz. of 1632, 1633, 1685, 1686, 1687, 
 1688, 1694, 1695, 1697, 1699, 1701, 1702, 1703, 
 1707, and 1708 ; but for all these years except 
 1707 blanks are left in the respective places 
 to enter the accompts upon. The accompt 
 for 1707 (as appears by a memorandum) is not 
 entered because of the extravagancies ; but 
 omitted to prevent evil examples to futurity. 
 
 The Church-wardens of the years 1629, 
 1630, 1631, 1662, 1665, 1666 and 1672, though 
 all four named as passing the Church-wardens 
 accompt, yet happen not to be called by their 
 name of office, whereas the four officers of all 
 the other years to 1723, inclusive are expressly 
 stiled Church-wardens. This omission has 
 occasioned a variance of our abstract of the 
 above years from all the rest ; we have given 
 you at large the stile of 1629, being the first 
 of those years, by which the variance appears 
 to arise merely from a negligent omission of 
 the word Church-wardens and not from other 
 cause. These neglects (if to be so called) 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 421 
 
 might reasonably have been more than the 
 few which have happened ; for the Coucher 
 being (as it is truly intituled) a remembrance 
 of the acts of the Church-wardens, it was not 
 necessary to have called them such in any one 
 of the year's accompts, the thing so plainly 
 bespeaks itself. 
 
 In the stile for 1647, it is observable that 
 Robert Becke, though one of the two juniors, 
 whom the Vicar pretends, in this dispute, to 
 be but Sidemen, is expressly named as one of 
 the surviving Church-wardens and appears 
 there as passing his Church-warden accompt. 
 
 The accompt for the year 1651, is passed 
 by only three Church-wardens, but it appears 
 from the last item, that four Church- ward ens 
 were elected, one of the four having died in 
 his office. 
 
 The stile of 1654, is extremely remarkable : 
 it is the accompt of John Barber, Richard 
 Parker, Thomas Burnet and John Readyards, 
 Church-wardens, of whom the two latter 
 
422 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 appear to be the junior Church-wardens, who 
 were elected (according to the usual method) 
 with two others for the year following : Now 
 these two were William Graunt and Robert 
 Collett, who were in 1635, the two juniors. 
 On April 27th, 1655, (before which time the 
 Church-wardens for 1655, were chosen) the 
 Church-wardens, for the year preceding, pass 
 their accompt before the Mayor and others, 
 amongst them William Graunt and Robert 
 Collett; which persons though the juniors 
 are expressly named as new Church-wardens 
 chosen to serve in that place, together with the 
 said Thomas Burnet and John Readyards. 
 Note, William Graunt and Robert Collett, are 
 not only called Church-wardens, but are 
 particularly mentioned, for the very reason 
 that they were the new Church-wardens ; 
 before whom, as such, as well as the parish- 
 ioners in general, the Church-warden accompt 
 ought to be taken. Could any thing be 
 penned stronger in support of the office of the 
 four Church-wardens ? But this is not the 
 only instance, the stiles of 1657, 1658, and 
 1659, are all after the same manner, with thfc 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 423 
 
 weighty addition that for the year 1657, the 
 then Vicar appears to be one of the persons 
 who took the accompt of that year. 
 
 In the stile for 1655, William Graunt though 
 the very junior Church-warden of that year, 
 is singly called a Church-warden (being fellow 
 Church-warden to the other). The accompt 
 likewise appears to have been taken before 
 the Mayor, Vicar, the four new Church-wardens 
 and others. 
 
 It is very remarkable that from the year 
 1626, (with which the toucher begins) unto 
 the year 1723 inclusive, it expressly appears 
 by the stiles of each year there were four 
 Church-wardens, except in 1661 and 1696, 
 for the former whereof but two Church-ward- 
 ens and for the latter but three Church- wardens 
 pass their accompt ; yet we cannot but con- 
 clude, that in those years as well as all 
 others there were four Church-wardens, and 
 that the officers absent were either dead, 
 hindered by sickness or other cause from at- 
 tending the accompt. But thr entry of \6 A )h 
 
424 
 
 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 determines clearly in favour of the parish, 
 three Church-wardens equally contradict the 
 notion of two Sidemen, and perhaps the 
 Church-warden absent from that year's ac- 
 compt might be the Vicar's Church-warden. 
 
 It is a remark vastly material, that the 
 Vicars (betwixt whom only and the parish can 
 arise this dispute) have, as well as the parish- 
 ioners, very much attended at and taken these 
 accompts of the four Church-wardens ; Dr. 
 Mosely, the Vicar allowed them from the year 
 1634, to 1641, both inclusive. Mr. Truman, 
 the Vicar allowed the accompts for the years 
 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1647 and 1648. Mr. 
 Hawkes, the Vicar for 1655, 1656, and 1657. 
 Mr. White, the Vicar (afterwards Lord Bishop 
 of Peterborough) for 1660, 1662, 1663 and 
 1665. Dr. Pearson, the Vicar for 1666. Mr. 
 Smith, the Vicar from 1669 to 1692 both in- 
 clusive, and for 1698 and 1700, Mr. Stanfield y 
 the Vicar allowed the accompts for 1704, 1705, 
 1706 and 1713; and his successor, the present 
 Vicar for 1721, 1722 and 1723. 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 425 
 
 BUT now behold, the stile of the accompt 
 for so late a year as 17*24, (being in the time 
 of our present Vicar) is the very first which 
 takes notice of Sidemen ; but why must we 
 believe the entry of that year against the united 
 testimony of all the preceding years ? Are we 
 more able at this day to discover the truth 
 than those who lived nearest to the time when 
 the four Church-wardens were first con- 
 stituted ? 
 
 If therefore the question must be deter- 
 mined by old forms it is clear beyond dispute 
 we are four Church- war dens. But the altera- 
 tions of ancient forms is commonly attended 
 by inconveniences, and often by absurdities. 
 Consider what the accompt is, it is that of the 
 Church-wardens ; if then two of the four are 
 Sidemen j is it not extremely ridiculous to join 
 them in the matter with the* Church-wardens? 
 The Sidemen's accompt is what neither we 
 nor any of you ever heard of; they have not to 
 do with money affairs. You may see in the 
 90th Canon what the office of a Sidemen is 
 [viz] to observe that the parishioners resort to 
 
 E E 
 
 > 
 
426 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 and behave reverently in the Church. This 
 manner of entering Sidemen in the Church- 
 warden accompt was used seven years and 
 then discontinued; by reason, perhaps, of the 
 impropriety of Sidemen passing that or any 
 other accompt. But instead of restoring the 
 ancient form of the stiles of 1731, the subse- 
 quent years contain the names of only two of 
 the Church- ward ens. Two changes therefore 
 have been made within these few years both 
 contrary to the old received forms. 
 
 In confirmation of the Coucher, we find 
 upon a balk over the middle alley of the 
 Church (conspicuous to the whole parish) the 
 names of Joseph Marris, Charles Wilson, 
 Richard Rende, and Richard Hawding, which 
 have all of them conjointly the addition of 
 Church-warden in the year 1713; Also (which 
 is more strong) upon the great bell are the 
 names of Joseph Marris and Charles Wilson, 
 Church-wardens 1713, and upon the 7th or 
 next bell the names of Richard Reade and 
 Richard Hawding, Church-wardens 1713, for 
 if the two last were no other than Sidemen it 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 427 
 
 had been very easy [being separated from the 
 other two] to have so called them upon the 
 7th bell. But indeed the names of all four 
 being put upon the balk, &c. is an evidence of 
 their office; Sidemen having no more to do 
 with Church repairs than with the accompt 
 concerning those repairs. 
 
 Mr. Magnus makes not any mention in his 
 deed of Ordinances what the number of 
 Churchwardens was; yet from the nature of 
 his trust it must appear there could not at 
 that time have been less than four. This great 
 donor wisely intended a proper balance in the 
 management of his charities; but had the 
 Vicar chose one Churchwarden and the parish 
 only another, the Vicar must, in course, have 
 had the sole power of his estates. The late 
 decree in Chancery [as in Brown's estate] 
 where it directs the calling in of two of the 
 Churchwardens chosen by the parishioners, 
 discovers a very prudent care; the Vicar would 
 naturally have called in his own Churchwarden, 
 therefore had he not been restrained, the 
 balance could not possibly have been preserved. 
 
 kk2 
 
428 HERONS ADDRESS. 
 
 And for this reason, the parishioners ought not 
 to elect as any one of their Churchwardens, 
 a person under the influence of the Vicar. 
 
 Another argument that the Churchward- 
 ens are four in number may be drawn from 
 the like number of Overseers. In the year 
 1601, being the 43d of Queen Elizabeth an act 
 was passed for relief of the poor and also four, 
 three or two substantial householders [to be 
 nominated by two Justices of the Peace] 
 having respect to the proportion and great- 
 ness of each parish. Now could any step be 
 more natural than to follow the number of 
 Churchwardens in each parish? The great- 
 ness of the parish, which made the four 
 Churchwardens necessary or convenient, would 
 equally make so the same number of Overseers. 
 
 We have likewise the opinion of the pre- 
 sent Lord Chancellor in our favour, who in his 
 decree (after hearing the proofs in the cause 
 and the books relating to the parochial affairs) 
 calls us the fot*r Churchwardens, and this not 
 casually but With great advice and delibera 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 429 
 
 tion; the decree, so far as it concerns the 
 estates of Magnus and Brown being wholly 
 founded on the reality of four Churchwardens. 
 The Lord Chancellor's view was to pursue, as 
 near as might be, the directions of the founders. 
 Mr. Magnus, in particular had joined the 
 Churchwardens in trust with others, had 
 therefore two of the four officers been Side- 
 men, the decree had neither stiled them 
 Churchwardens nor made them Trustees. 
 Mr. Brown indeed does not mention the 
 Churchwardens in his will, and yet the Chan- 
 cellor takes notice of the Churchwardens 
 chosen by the parishioners in regard to Mr. 
 Brown's estate. But he added them to the 
 trust, not as primarily concerned, only to be 
 called in if the Mayor and Vicar should disa- 
 gree, or one of them be absent ; in neither of 
 which cases could any thing be done without 
 a provision of some other assistance. It is 
 worth observation that the entry of Sidemen in 
 the stiles of the Churchwardens accompt was 
 begun before that Chancery suit commenced, 
 and that the Vicar was himself a party to the 
 suit. 
 
430 HERONS ADDRESS. 
 
 The customary day of election is Easter 
 Tuesday, the parish clerk notwithstanding has 
 always on Easter Sunday (to remind the parish- 
 ioners) published a notice in the Church; and 
 what is the notice that has been given ? That 
 the parishioners may meet to chuse Church- 
 wardens, not one word of Sidemen having ever 
 been mentioned. The parishioners then have 
 assembled to elect and accordingly have elect- 
 ed persons to be Churchwardens, if so, how 
 can these persons be called Sidemen ? Such 
 was the notice preceding our election, we 
 were all elected and by the Spiritual Court 
 admitted into the office of Churchwardens, 
 We all at the same time laid our hands upon 
 the book and took the Churchwarden^ oath 
 (given us by the Chancellor of the diocese) we 
 took the oath which was offered, nor was it 
 objected to as a new thing. 
 
 But, (for argument's sake) let us suppose 
 a parish where more than two Churchwardens 
 were never elected or heard of; yet if the 
 parishioners shall find the largeness of concerns 
 to require (and accordingly shall elect) four 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 431 
 
 Churchwardens, the Spiritual Court (we ap- 
 prehend) has a discretionary power to admit 
 and swear all of them into the office. An 
 increase of inhabitants, addition of new trusts, 
 &c. may render an augmentation necessary of 
 the number of Churchwardens. 
 
 If reason tell us that in every parish the 
 Churchwardens should be as many as the 
 Overseers of the poor (the Churchwardens 
 being also entrusted w T ith the Overseer's office) 
 how unwarrantable must all endeavours be to 
 deprive this parish of two of the four Church- 
 wardens ? Officers, who have the care not only 
 of the Church and Poor (as in other parishes) 
 but also of the Charity estates. 
 
 But this fancy that two of your officers 
 are Sidemen will be found upon a review to 
 contradict the very sense of mankind. Can we 
 imagine the two juniors were elected and 
 sworn Sidemen, and at the same time remem- 
 ber that in the Churchwarden's accompt they 
 are constantly stiled Churchwardens, that as 
 such they pass and before them the same 
 
432 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 accompt is passed, that the Vicars have suc- 
 cessively signed the accompts of the four 
 Churchwardens, that the names of the juniors 
 are set up in the Church as Churchwardens, 
 that as such they have collected the Church- 
 rate and money upon charity briefs, sign certi- 
 ficates, &c. that bills are presented by them 
 with the other Churchwardens for not paying 
 to the Church-rate, that notice has ever been 
 given to elect Churchwardens, &c. ? All these 
 things are inconsistent with the notion of 
 Sidemen ; had the juniors been truly such, so 
 known to be or esteented, these usages and 
 forms could never obtained or been so invari- 
 ably continued. 
 
 Thus far in defence of that right which the 
 parishioners have always exercised of electing 
 three Churchwardens; but let us now consider 
 what has been done by and what has been the 
 power of all the preceding Vicars. It does not 
 appear nor can any inference be drawn from 
 the Coucher that the Vicars of the parish have 
 anciently nominated even one of the four 
 Churchwardens neither (as we believe) from 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 433 
 
 the record? of the Ecclesiastical Court. But 
 if the former Vicars really have nominated a 
 Churchwarden, it is evident by the Coucker, 
 the person named was one of the juniors elected 
 by the parish the year preceding. Even the 
 present Vicar himself (inducted in the year 
 1719) followed the old custom many years of 
 nominating out of the junior Churchwardens 
 (chosen by the parishioners the year before) as 
 is manifest by the succession of those officers. 
 Hence it appears that Vicars could have little 
 or no power from their nomination ; >for, if the 
 Vicars, for form's sake, did nominate it was 
 ever one whom the parish had chosen the year 
 before. But the present Vicar is the first that 
 has made it his practice to nominate a person 
 not before elected by the parishioners ; con- 
 stantly the same person; who professes (as 
 from a principle of duty) not to join in any one 
 thing but as approved of by the Vicar. This 
 innovation is attended with a very great acqui- 
 sition to the Vicar's power beyond what any 
 of his predecessors ever enjoyed. But we are 
 far from stopping here; have not applications 
 been made to several of you to elect likewise 
 
434 
 
 HERON'S ADDRESS, 
 
 all the other persons under his influence ? But 
 if the Vicars refuse to nominate as heretofore, 
 one of the juniors first elected by the parish, 
 or to trust any gentleman or tradesman from 
 amongst yourselves (except the same person 
 perpetually nominated) what confidence can 
 induce you to elect such your Churchwardens 
 as are dependant upon the Vicar, or to trust 
 him more than he pleases to trust any of you? 
 Nay, at the very time when he disputes your 
 right of electing Churchwardens, and would 
 reduce even two of your three Churchwardens 
 into Sidemen. Ponder these things, consider 
 the consequence and beware; think yearly of 
 Easter Tuesday, and attend upon the interest- 
 ing business of that day. Be jealous of your 
 rights, be vigilant, and chuse them your 
 officers who are willing and know how to 
 serve you, and will have a frugal care of the 
 Monies you shall entrust with them. 
 
 We have now gentlemen proved from the 
 Coucher, and by other arguments, that you 
 have a right to elect three Churchwardens 
 agreeably to the ancient practice of this parish; 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 435 
 
 and that until late you have in effect elected 
 all four. We must now beg your patience to 
 offer an observation or two of another kind, 
 which may be of some use to the parish. In 
 passing the Churchwarden accompts, the 
 parishioners, till of late, have used to sign the 
 accompt not in the Coucher, but upon a sheet 
 of paper, which being signed, was the Church- 
 warden's discharge, and delivered to and kept 
 by them as such; and a copy thereof was en- 
 tered in the parish book to be a guide and 
 direction to future Churchwardens. But the 
 five last year's accompts have been allowed 
 and signed by the parishioners in the Coitcher, 
 a method not at all proper or convenient, for 
 if any articles be objected to, and disallowed, 
 this must needs make great confusion in the 
 entries. Neither is it safe for the Church- 
 warden who is to be discharged. Besides as 
 the Coucher is in the custody only of the 
 Churchwardens for the time being, if former 
 officers have not their accompts but only in 
 that Coucher, the parishioners may be often 
 imposed upon in passing the Churchwarden 
 accompt. Innovations and abuses are more 
 
436 
 
 HERON'S ADDRESS. 
 
 easily discovered by comparison of present 
 accompts with former. It is observable by 
 the stiles that until of late years the Mayor, 
 Justices and Vicar, as such as well as the 
 parishioners attended at the taking the ac- 
 compts; settled the form and items thereof 
 and after the same were allowed, transcribed 
 them into the Coucher book; for this the 
 ancient fee was 3$. Ad. but afterwards encreased 
 to 6s. 8d. The Town Clerk's settling- and 
 entering the accompts was of great use to the 
 parish, the items were better distinguished 
 than of late, it is now frequently entered 
 Paid to A. B. as per bill — which is not in the 
 least instructive to succeeding officers ; not 
 only the name should appear, but also where 
 and upon what account the same was laid out 
 together with the workmen's wages and prices, 
 as formerly was always done. This method 
 of entry lays also a proper restraint upon the 
 Churchwardens, should extravagancies escape 
 observation upon passing the accompt, which 
 is some times done negligently and in a hurry; 
 vet the severer scrutiny of succeeding officers 
 might make a discovery. Then for entering 
 
HERON'S ADDRESS. 437 
 
 records, men of the law are more used to the 
 proper hands, it must be imagined that gene- 
 rally a Town Clerk would write a stronger 
 and more legible character and in a less com- 
 pass than a succession of persons chosen into 
 the Churchwarden's office. The Town Clerk 
 likewise being to settle the form of each item 
 may check even the very first thoughts of en- 
 gaging in exorbitances. They cannot then 
 be concealed from the Town Clerk, he is 
 interested as a parishioner and may urge the 
 proper objections upon passing the accompt. 
 
 We are 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Your most faithful servants, 
 
 »?™™ R hI!; d .^ 1 Churchwardens chosen bv 
 
 Richard Herring, > .. . ._■_, 
 
 William Martin, J the pansh.oners. 
 
 Newark upon Trent, 
 March 9tk, 1743. 
 
438 
 
 GUILDS, 
 
 OR 
 
 ANCIENT CORPORATIONS. 
 
 The word Guild is a Saxon term, signify- 
 ing company or fraternity. Man is a grega- 
 rious animal, not a whit the more harmless 
 for his congregating. Sheep flock together for 
 the purpose of procuring food : Wolves herd 
 together for the purpose of procuring food 
 also, usually called prey. Why sustenance 
 of the canine animal should be stigmatized 
 by the epithet of prey, would perhaps puzzle 
 a wiser head than that attached to the body of 
 the present reader. Wolves were created, 
 therefore, in order to preserve existence. 
 Wolves must eat; it is rather more than 
 suspected, were the flesh of those said Wolves 
 adapted to our taste, they would then be 
 
GUILDS, OR ANCIENT CORPORATIONS. 439 
 
 complimented by the terms, congregating, 
 flocking, nay, to serve at a pinch associating, 
 for people, in general, are wonderfully civil 
 to any thing they are in the contemplation of 
 biting. Interest, curiosity, or fear, will draw 
 to the same focus the most discordant atoms 
 in the homo genus. Hume, speaking of the 
 Anglo-Saxons, perhaps points out as clearly 
 the origin of combination as can possibly be 
 conceived. " Among that military and turbu- 
 lent people, so averse to commerce and the 
 arts, and so little enured to industry, justice 
 was commonly very ill administered, and great 
 oppression and violence seem to have prevailed. 
 These disorders would be increased by the 
 exorbitant power of the aristocracy; and 
 in their turn contribute to encrease it. Men, 
 not daring to rely on the guardianship of the 
 laws, were obliged to devote themselves to the 
 service of some chieftain, whose orders they 
 followed, even to the disturbance of the govern- 
 ment, or the injury of their fellow citizens, 
 and who afforded them, in return, protection 
 from any insult or injustice by strangers. 
 Hence we find, by the extfatets which Dr. 
 
440 GUILDS, OR ANCIENT CORPORATIONS. 
 
 Brady has given us from Domesday, that 
 almost all the inhabitants, even of towns, had 
 placed themselves under the clientship of some 
 particular nobleman, whose patronage they 
 purchased by annual payments, and whom 
 they were obliged to consider as their sove- 
 reign, more than the king himself, or even the 
 legislature. A client, though a free man, was 
 supposed so much to belong to his patron, 
 that his murderer was obliged by law to pay 
 a fine to the latter, as a compensation for his 
 loss ; in the like manner as he paid a fine to 
 the master for the murder of his slave. 
 
 Men who were of a more considerable 
 rank, but not powerful enough, each to support 
 himself by his own independent authority, 
 entered into formal confederacies with each 
 other, and composed a kind of separate com- 
 munity, which rendered itself formidable to 
 all agressors." 
 
 In process of time, men of still minor rank 
 formed associations of this nature, and, after 
 the coming in of the Normans it became cus- 
 
GUILDS, OR ANCIENT CORPORATIONS. 441 
 
 tomary for the crown to grant incorporative 
 charters to cities and towns for the purpose of 
 the principal merchants and traders forming 
 themselves into certain fraternities called 
 guilds or gilds ; these soon began to assume 
 an aspect of higher authority, and, like 
 churches and religious houses, each had its 
 patron Saint. The principal at Newark, on 
 record, were 
 
 The Guild of the Holy Trinity. 
 
 of the Virgin Mary. 
 
 — — — of the Holy Richard de Newark. 
 
 of St. Peter. 
 
 of Mary Magdalene. 
 
 of Corpus Christi. 
 
 Whether the number of Guilds was such 
 as to admit of an Alderman to be placed at 
 the head of each, is uncertain ; but in the 
 Feoffment made by Magnus, the Alderman of 
 the Town is stated, to be the Alderman of the 
 Guild of the Holy Trinity, and the Aldermen 
 of Mary Maivdelyn, Our Ladie and Corpus 
 Christi Guilds are particularly specified. 
 
 k w 
 
442 GUILDS, OR ANCIENT CORPORATIONS. 
 
 The Alderman of Trinity Guild is also 
 mentioned in Brown's Will. The Guilds were 
 extinguished before the time of Phillipot 
 executing his Testament. 
 
 All the incorporated companies in London 
 were formerly styled Guilds, from whence the 
 Hall denominated Guild-hall. 
 
 The term is now nearly obsolete, yet, at 
 Preston, in Lancashire, every twentieth year 
 a very grand jubilee is celebrated, called 
 Preston Guild, whereon are artisan proces- 
 sions, somewhat resembling those at Coventry* 
 It commences with the last week in August 
 and continues one month. The regular period 
 of return will be in 1822. 
 
 * Vide P, 22, 
 
443 
 
 INCORPORATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TOWN OF NEWARK 
 
 In the third year of the reign of Edward 
 the sixth, (1559) a Charter of incorporation 
 was granted by that Monarch, under which it 
 was governed by an Alderman and twelve As- 
 sistants. 
 
 LIST OF THE 4LDERMEN. 
 
 Anth. Forster, 1549, 3E.6.William Leverit, 1558, 1 El. 
 
 William Phillipot, 1550, 4 Edward Kelsterne, 1559, 2 
 
 William Riggs, 1551, 5 John Brignell, 1560, 3 
 
 Hugh Kelsterne, 1552, 6 ' John Key, 1561, 4 
 
 Edward Sainton, 1553,1 Mar.Humphrey Taylor, 1562, 5 
 
 Robert Howes, 1554, 2 William Leverit, 1563, 6 
 
 Phillip Robinson, 1555, 3 William Robinson, 1564, 7 
 
 John Corbridge, 1556, 4 William Blank, 1565, 8 
 
 Richard Leverton, 1557, 5 Christopher Stow, 1566, 9 
 
 v k 2 
 
444 
 
 INCORPORATION. 
 
 Edward Sainton, 1567, 10 El. 
 Edward Kelsterne, 1568, 11 
 William Harrison, 1569, 12 
 William Standley, 1570, 13 
 John Brignell, 1571, 14 
 
 Thomas Bate, 1572, 15 
 
 George Bridges, 1573, 16 
 William Leverit, 1574, 17 
 Christopher Stow, 1575, 18 
 Thomas Parker, 1576, 19 
 George Thexton, 1577, 20 
 Edward Kelsterne, 1578, 21 
 William Harrison, 1579, 22 
 Christ. Jenison, 1580, 23 
 Edward Brown, 1581, 24 
 John Death, 1582, 25 
 
 Thomas Bate, 1583, 26 
 
 Anthony Haslam, 1584, 27 
 George Bridges, 1585, 28 
 Ed. Metheringham, 1586, 29 
 Nicholas Goddard, 1587, 30 
 Thomas Cross, 1588,31 
 
 Thomas Herring, 1589, 32 
 Brian Houlston, 1590, 33 
 William Harrison, 1591, 34 
 William Parker, 1592, 35 
 Christopher Jenison, 1593, 36 
 John Burton, 1594, 37 
 
 William Standley, 1595,38 
 
 Anthony Haslam, 1596, 39 EL 
 Thomas Hartley, 1597, 40 
 Ed. Metheringham, 1598, 41 
 Thomas Hobman, 1599,42 
 Christ. Thompson, 1600, 43 
 William Parke, 1601, 44 
 Edward Death, 1602, 45 
 Henry Webster, 1603, 1 J. L 
 Robert Brignell, 1604, 2 
 Christ. Jenison, 1605, 3 
 Robert Webb, 1606, 4 
 
 Peter King, 1607, 5 
 
 Ed. Metheringham, 1608, 6 
 John Twentyman, 1609, 1 
 Bar thol. Martin, 1610, 8 
 Thomas Taylor, 1611, 9 
 John Brownlow, 1612, 10 
 Henry Webster, 1613, 11 
 John Noble, 1614, 12 
 
 Richard Burkitts, 1615, 13 
 Thomas Jenison, 1616, 14 
 Robert Good, 1617, 15 
 
 Christ. Haslam, 1618, 16 
 Richard Herring, 1619, 17 
 Jn. Metheringham, 1620, 18 
 Peter Smith, 1621, 19 
 
 John Jenison, 1622, 20 
 
 Thomas Hobman, 1623, 21 
 John Brownlow, 1624, 22 
 
INCORPORATION. 445 
 
 1625. 
 King Charles I. granted a new Charter to 
 the Town of Newark, and instituted a body 
 corporate by the name of the Mayor and 
 Aldermen of Newark upon Trent, in the 
 County of Nottingham. Henry Gill was 
 appointed the first and original Mayor ; the 
 first twelve Aldermen were as under 
 
 John Brownlow, Peter Smith, John Standish, 
 
 John Noble, John Jenison, Henry Clifton, 
 
 Thomas J enison, Thomas Hobman, Christ. Wilson, 
 Christopher Haslam, Wm. Middlebrook, Robert Outrara. 
 
 They were empowered to have " a good 
 and discreet man, learned in the laws of 
 England, to be Recorder." 
 
 A LIST OF THE MAYORS OF NEWARK. 
 
 ..Peter Smith, 1C33, 9 C. I 
 
 Anthony Hobman, 1634, 10 
 John Jenison, 1635,11 
 
 Matthew Mercer, 1636, 12 
 Lancelet Thompson, 1637, 13 
 Thomas Greece, 1638, 14 
 John Johnson, 1639, 15 
 
 John Standish, . 16 
 
 Henry Gill, 
 
 1625, 
 
 1C 
 
 John Standish, 
 
 1626, 
 
 2 
 
 Henry Clifton, 
 
 1627, 
 
 3 
 
 Thomas Jenison, 
 
 1628, 
 
 4 
 
 Christ. Wilson, 
 
 1629, 
 
 5 
 
 Christ. Haslam, 
 
 1630, 
 
 6 
 
 John Noble, 
 
 1631, 
 
 7 
 
 Edward Standish, 
 
 1632, 
 
 8 
 
446 
 
 INCORPORATION, 
 
 Thomas Atkinson, 1641, 17 C.l George Birkbank, 
 
 Christ. Wilson, 
 
 Thomas Arnold, 
 
 Hercules Clay, 
 
 Thomas Smith, 
 
 William Baker, 
 
 Henry Camm, 
 
 Lancelet Thompson 1648, 24 
 
 William Wilson, 1649, 25 
 
 1642, 18 
 
 1643, 19 
 
 1644, 20 
 1645,21 
 
 1646, 22 
 
 1647, 23 
 
 1673, 14C.2 
 
 1674, 15 
 
 1675, 16 
 
 1676, 17 
 167T, 18 
 
 Robert Wilson, 1650, 
 
 FrancisFitzwilliams, 1 65 1 , 
 
 n 
 
 ►■s 
 
 Jeffery Htbdon, 
 
 1652, 
 
 B 
 
 Benjamin Wilson, 
 
 1653, 
 
 
 Matthew Jenison, 
 
 1654, 
 
 O 
 
 Christ. Wilson, 
 
 1655, 
 
 
 Matthew Newham, 
 
 1656, 
 
 ft 
 
 John Jenison, 
 
 1657, 
 
 
 William Martin, 
 
 1658, 
 
 c 
 B 
 
 William Hobman, 
 
 Charles Dennis, 
 
 Robert Atkinson, 
 
 Christ. Haslam, 
 
 Richard Herring', 
 
 Leonard Jenison, 
 
 Hugh Treece, 
 
 Edward Newton, 
 
 Robert Hoyes, 
 
 William Brown, 
 
 John M arris, 
 
 William Martin, 
 
 William Basledine, 1671,12 
 
 Robert Gregg, 1672, 13 
 
 Thomas Hodson, 
 Robert iMartin, 
 Isaac Sherwin, 
 Dennis Cooling, 
 William Twentymanl678, 19 
 
 William Hobman, 1679, 20 
 
 John Girton, 1680, 21 
 
 John M arris, 1681,22 
 
 Richard Read, 168?, 23 
 
 William Martin, 1683, 24 
 
 William Martin, 1 684, 25 
 
 William Rastall, 1685, 1 J. 2. 
 
 George Birkbank, 1686, 2 
 
 Robert Marris, 1687, 3 
 
 Alexander Clark, 1688, 4 
 
 Isaac Sherwin, 1 689, 1 w.m. 
 
 JohnWhaley, 1690, 2 
 1659, R.C.William Twentymanl691, 3 
 1660, 1 C. 2 Matthew Alvey, 1692^ 4 
 
 1661, 2 William Hobman, 1693, 5 
 
 Richard Rawson, 1694, 6 
 
 Hichard Read, 1695, 1 W.3. 
 William Pocklingtonl 696, 2 
 
 Edward Hobson, 1697, 
 
 William Martin, 1698, 
 Solomon Bettinson, 1 699, 
 
 1662, 
 1663, 
 1664, 
 1665, 
 1666, 
 1667, 
 1668, 
 
 1669, 10 
 
 1670, 11 
 
 Robert Marris, 
 William Snell, 
 Timothy Ellis, 
 John Cooke, 
 John Milnes, 
 
 1700, 
 1701, 
 
 1702, I Ann 
 
 1703, 2 
 
 1704, 3 
 
INCORPORATION. 
 
 447 
 
 Matthew Alvey, 
 
 Samuel Rastall, 
 
 Thomas Lunde, 
 
 Samuel Peete, 
 
 Robert Marris, 
 
 John Herring, 
 
 Roger Pocklington, 
 
 Solomon Bettinson, 
 
 J ohn Taylor, 
 
 John Cooke, 
 
 John Milnes, 
 
 Thomas Clark, 
 
 Edward Moore, 
 
 Samuel Rastall, 
 
 Henry Martin, 
 
 Christ Buckley, 
 
 Edward Eastland, 
 
 Robert Marris, 
 
 John Herring, 
 
 Benj. Farnsworth, 
 
 J oseph Lund, 
 
 John Taylor, 
 
 William Hoyes, 
 
 John Milnes, 
 
 Thomas Wilson, 
 
 Edward Smith, 
 
 Samuel Rastall, 
 
 Henry Martin, 
 
 Christ Buckley, & 
 Joseph Lund, 
 
 Edward Eastland, 
 Robert Marris, 
 
 1705, 4 AnnThomas Haslam, 1736, 10G.2 
 
 1706, 
 1707, 
 1708, 
 1709, 
 1710, 
 1711, 10 
 1112, 11 
 1713, 12 
 
 17UJ, 
 
 1717, 
 
 1718, 
 
 1719, 
 
 1720, 
 
 1721, 
 
 1722, 
 
 1723, 10 
 
 1724, 11 
 
 1725. 12 
 
 1726. 13 
 
 Benj. Far ns worth, 1737, 11 
 Joseph Lund, 1738, 12 
 
 Francis Noble, 1739, 13 
 
 William Hoyes, 1740, 14 
 
 John Clough, 1741, 15 
 
 John Pocklington, 1742, 16 
 
 1743, 17 
 
 1744, 18 
 
 1745, 19 
 
 1746, 20 
 
 1747, 21 
 
 Edward Smith, 
 Samuel Rastall, 
 
 17! 4, 1 G. I Thomas Killinger, 
 
 1715, 2 William Hoyes, 
 Edward Eastland, 
 
 Richard Harrison, 1748, 22 
 
 Thomas Haslam, 1749, 23 
 
 John Twentyman, 1750, 24 
 
 Joseph Lund, 1751, 25 
 
 Francis Noble, 1752, 26 
 
 William Wells, 1753, 27 
 
 John Clough, 1754,28 
 
 Timothy Rastall, 1755, 29 
 
 Joseph Sikes, 1756, 30 
 
 Robert Spragging, 1757, 31 
 
 1727,1 G. 2 Samuel Twentyman, 1758, 32 
 
 1728, 2 Thomas Milnes, 1759,33 
 
 William Handley, 1760, 34 
 
 John Smith, 1761, 1 G, 
 
 Thomas Hiislam, 1762, 2 
 
 John Twentyman, 1763, 3 
 
 John Milnes, 1764, 4 
 
 Henry Milnes, 1765, 5 
 
 Timothy Rastall, 1766, 6 
 
 Joseph Sikes, 1767, 7 
 
 1729, 
 1730, 
 1731, 
 
 1732, 
 
 •1733, 
 
 1731, 
 1735, 
 
448 
 
 INCORPORATION 
 
 The Earl of Lincoln, I 17 _ .Thomas Bland, 1793, 33G.3 
 and R. Spragging, J i/0 *>°^David Stephenson, 1794,34 
 
 SamuelTwentyman,1769, 9 
 Thomas Spragging, 1770, 10 
 William Handley, 1771, 11 
 Samuel Brooksby, 1772, 12 
 Thomas Haslam, 1773, 13 
 Richard Eastland, 1774, 14 
 John Ridgill, 1775, 15 
 
 Henry Milties, 1776, 16 
 
 Robert Foster, 1777, 17 
 
 Samuel Sketchley, 1778, 18 
 William Martin, 1779, 19 
 Joseph Sikes, 1780, 20 
 
 David Stephenson, 1781,21 
 Samuel Twentyman,1782, 22 
 Thomas Spragging, 1783, 23 
 William Handley, 1784, 24 
 Samuel Brooksby, 1785, 25 
 John Godfrey, 1786, 26 
 
 George Lawrence, 1787, 27 
 J ames Guthrie, 1 788, 28 
 
 Henry Miines, 1789,29 
 
 William Jessop, 1790, 30 
 Samuel Sketchley, 1791, 31 
 William Martin, 1792, 32 
 
 Robert Buck, M. D.1795, 35 
 Thomas Spragging, 1796, 36 
 William Ffarmerie, 1797, 37 
 John Godfrey, 1798, 3« 
 
 Charles Moor, 1799, 39 
 
 George Lawrence, 1800, 40 
 J ames Guthrie, 1801, 41 
 John Youle, 1802, 42 
 
 William Jessop, 1803, 43 
 Samuel Sketchley, 1804, 44 
 Thomas Stansall, 1805, 45 
 Thomas Bland, 1806,46 
 
 William Parker, 1807, 47 
 Robert Buck, M. D. 1808, 48 
 Richard Fisher, 1809, 49 
 William Ffarmerie, 1810, 50 
 Charles Moor, 1811, 51 
 
 Ed. Smith Godfrey, 1812,52 
 James Dyson, 1813,53 
 
 William Hilton, 1814, 54 
 William Fillingham,18l5, 55 
 William Readett, 1816, 56 
 Thomas Bland, 1817, 57 
 William Parker, 1818, 58 
 
 The Mayor is chosen annually on the 29th 
 of September, and acts as a Justice of the 
 Peace within the Borough, during his May- 
 
INCORPORATION. 449 
 
 orality, and retains the power the succeeding 
 year. The senior Alderman, for the time 
 being, has similar authority. 
 
 The present Charter was granted by 
 Charles II. April 4th, 1677- 
 
 NAMES 8[ RESIDENCE OF THE ALDERMEN, 
 IN 1819. 
 
 Samuel Sketchley, Castle-gate, opposite the Trent Bridge 
 Robert Buck, M. D. Wilson-street, east corner house. 
 William Ffarmerie, Appleton-gate, the bottom house but one. 
 Charles Moor, Balderton-gate, south-west side, centre of 
 
 the house built by the late Rev. Dr. Wilson. 
 Thomas Stansall, Vid. Market-place. 
 
 Thomas Bland, Kirk-gate, north side opposite Middle-gate. 
 William Parker, Mayor, Middle- gate, first house, west side 
 
 north corner. 
 Richard Fisher, Balderton-gate, west wing of the house 
 
 occupied by Mr. Moor, Alderman. 
 Edward Smith Godfrey, North gate, a large house on the 
 
 east side. 
 James Dyson, Vid. Market-place. 
 William Hilton, Middle-gate, second house, west side, 
 
 south end. 
 William Fillingham, Vid, Market-place. 
 William Readett, ditto. 
 
450 INCORPORATION. 
 
 RECORDERS. 
 
 1627, John Wood, of Woodborough. 
 
 1645, Gilbert Boun, of Normanton, near Southwell, Ser- 
 jeant at Law. 
 1654, Phillip Laycock, of Woodborough. 
 1680, William Rastall, of Newark. 
 1686, Robert Lord Lexington, of Kelham. 
 1693, George Cartwright, of Ossington. 
 1723, William Cartwright, of Normanton, near Southwell. 
 1743, John Heron, of Newark. 
 
 1753, Robert Heron, of Newark. 
 
 1754, Thomas Heron, of Newark. 
 1770, Charles Mellish, of Blyth. 
 
 1777, Sir Richard Sutton, Bart, of Norwood Park. 
 1779, Charles Mellish, on his return from abroad. 
 1794, Thomas Manners Sutton, of Kelham. 
 
 1805, Job Charlton Brough, of Newark. 
 
 1806, D'Ewes Coke, Esq. 
 
 1811, John Balguy, Esq. Jun. of Nottingham. 
 
 PRESENT OFFICERS of the CORPORATION. 
 
 Reocrder, John Balguy, Esq. J un . 
 
 Town Clerk, . . . William Edward Tallents, Esq. 
 
 Constable, John Cartledge. 
 
 Chamberlain, .... Robert Holmes. 
 
 Sergeants at Mace, Joseph Cropper and Robert Palmer. 
 
 Bellman, .... * . . John Armstrong. 
 
INCORPORATION. 451 
 
 It may not be improper, in this place, to 
 make the reader acquainted with the very 
 honorable means by which Newark became 
 possessed of its right honorable Recorder in 
 the foregoing list. 
 
 James II. not having the fear of the scaf- 
 fold before his eyes, committed more acts of 
 despotism, in his short reign, than any of his 
 predecessors in double the time; amongst other 
 royal amusements of that day, he was an adept 
 at the knack of what he called " new model- 
 ling Corporations, viz. turning those members 
 out who were not exactly subservient to his 
 vile designs, and appointing in their place, 
 men more adapted to the complexion of the times. 
 
 Accordingly, in the fourth year of his reign, 
 taking advantage of a Charter he had previous- 
 ly been graciously pleased to impose upon 
 them, the following emanation of royal pren - 
 gative w r as forthwith issued. 
 
 " At the Court at Whitehall * the 24th of 
 February, 1687- 
 
 * His father was executed before this house only fortj 
 years before. 
 
452 INCORPORATION. 
 
 By the King's most excellent Ma tie and the 
 Lords of his Ma ties most hono We privy Councel. 
 
 Whereas by the Charter lately granted to 
 the towne of Newarke upon Trent in the 
 countie of Nottingham, a power is rsserved to 
 his Ma tie by his order in councell to remove 
 from their employments anie officers in the 
 said town, his Ma tie in councell is pleased to 
 order and it is hereby ordered that Robert 
 Harris Mayor and Alderman William Martin, 
 George Berkett, William Twentyman, William 
 Hobman, and John Girton, be and they are 
 hereby removed and displaced from their a- 
 foresaid offices and places in the said towne of 
 Newarke upon Trent. 
 
 John Nicholas. 
 
 THE KING'S LETTER. 
 
 James R. 
 
 Trustie and well beloved wee greet you 
 well. Whereas wee have by order in councell 
 thought fitt to remove Robert Marris from 
 being Mayor of Newarke, William Martin, 
 
INCORPORATION. 453 
 
 George Berkett, William Twenty man, Wil- 
 liam Hobman and John Girton, from being 
 Aldermen of our said Borough. Wee have 
 thought fitt hereby to will and require you, 
 forthwith to elect and admit our trustie and 
 well beloved Samuel Fdlis to be Mayor and 
 one of the Aldermen, Robert Heron, Gilbert 
 Standishy William Welby, Timothy Ellis and 
 William Haslum, to be Aldermen of our 
 Borough in the room of the persons above- 
 mentioned, without administering unto them 
 anie oath or oaths but the usual oath for the 
 execution of their respective places, with 
 which wee are pleased to dispense in their 
 behalfe, and for so doing this shall be your 
 warrant, and so wee bid you farewell. Given 
 at our Court at Whitehall the 25th day of 
 February 1687 — 8 in the fourth year of our 
 reign. 
 
 By his Ma ties command, 
 
 Sunderland/' 
 
 To whom this letter was addressed does 
 not appear; but in all probability the noble 
 Lord was the " trustie and well beloved" al- 
 
154 
 
 INCORPORATION. 
 
 luded to, as he had been previously appointed 
 by the infamous charter before mentioned. 
 At the revolution the dispossessed Aldermen 
 were restored to their rank. 
 
 It is not unworthy of remark, that the 
 persons mentioned in the letter had their 
 appointment limited to the feast of St. Michael 
 then next ensuing. The charter then named 
 Henry Saville, Esq. John Marris, William 
 Baseldine, George Burbeck, Robert Marris, 
 Isaac Sherwin, William Twentyman, William 
 Hobman, John Girton, Richard Read, William 
 Rastall, and Alexander Clark, Aldermen for 
 life, unless removed for ill behaviour, or any 
 reasonable cause. It is not difficult to conceive 
 who were to be the judges of that ill beha- 
 viour and reasonable cause. Robert Lord 
 Lexington was appointed Recorder for life, 
 also John Hobman, Town Clerk during good 
 behaviour j a power was likewise given to the 
 Recorder to appoint a deputy for the time 
 being. Then follows a provision that any or 
 all of these corporators and their successors, 
 shall be at all times immoveable at the King's 
 
INCORPORATION. 455 
 
 pleasure under the privy seal. A power is then 
 given of chusing two representatives to par- 
 liament to the Mayor, Aldermen, Freemen, 
 and Freeholders of forty shillings per annum. 
 The reason for James' determination to a- 
 bridge the right of election in the borough of 
 Newark, and for his solely appointing to all 
 the offices of the Corporation, without leaving 
 any option to the Mayor, and Aldermen, was 
 to procure the return of such persons only to 
 parliament, as he imagined most likely to 
 concur in the measures he had in contempla- 
 tion to pursue. And that the preference 
 given to Robert Lord Lexington by the court 
 assay ers to the prejudice of the Marquis of 
 Newcastle, appeared to be that the latter, as 
 afterwards proved to be fact, wat suspected of 
 being composed of Prince's Metal. 
 
456 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 BOROUGH OF NEWARK. 
 
 It is conjectured that previous to the reign 
 of Charles the first, Newark returned only 
 one member, for it is upon record, so early as 
 1592, (33 Eliz.) Mr. Hollis and Sir Gervas 
 Markham were candidates in opposition. The 
 family of Markham, from its influence, by 
 property, generally supplied the borough, 
 with that, then expensive commodity, each 
 place being obliged to pay their representa- 
 tives, generally at the rate of five shillings 
 per day:* the regular series opens as follows. 
 
 * Wages of this description do not appear to have been 
 absolutely stationary, as in 14 Ed. III. (1341) Robert de 
 Manners, ancestor of the present Duke of Rutland, and Sir 
 William Felton received 23$. 4d. for 58 days attendance 
 
REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT. 457 
 
 1661. Being the first Parliament of Charles 
 the second, Sir Richard Rothwell and 
 Sir George Markham were elected, 
 
 1689. The first Parliament of William and 
 Mary, George Saville, of Rufford, and 
 the Honorable Conyers Darcey. 
 
 1700. John Raynor and James Sanderson 
 were declared by a vote of the House 
 of Commons to be the sitting mem- 
 bers; and Sir Francis Molineux, who 
 had been returned by the Mayor, not 
 to have been duly elected. 
 
 1707. James Sanderson and John Digby. 
 
 1710. Sir Thomas Willoughby, of Woollaton, 
 
 and Richard Newdigate, of Newark. 
 
 1711. Sir Thomas Willoughby being called 
 
 up to the House of Peers, by the title 
 of Baron Middleton of Middleton, in 
 the county of Warwick; he was suc- 
 ceeded by the Honorable Brigadier 
 General Sutton. 
 
 each as representatives of the County of Northumberland ; 
 this was somewhat below the usual rates ; but perhaps labour 
 was then, as now, cheaper in the north than the south. 
 
 G G 
 
458 REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT. 
 
 1713. Brigadier General Sutton and Richard 
 
 Newdigate. 
 
 1714. The first Parliament of George the 
 
 first, Brigadier General Sutton and 
 the Honorable Conyers Darcey, who 
 appear to have continued till 
 
 1723. When Brigadier General Sutton and Sir 
 Mathew Jenison were returned. 
 
 I727. Brigadier General Sutton and the Ho- 
 norable James Pelham. 
 
 I734. The same persons re-elected. 
 
 1737. Brigadier General Sutton dying he was 
 succeeded by Lord William Manners, 
 
 1741. Lord William Manners and Job Staun- 
 ton Charlton of Staunton were elected 
 and served in this and the ensuing 
 Parliament. 
 
 1754. John Manners, the eldest son of Lord 
 William, and Job Staunton Charlton. 
 
 1761. The latter retired, and John Manners 
 and Thomas Thoroton were returned. 
 
 1768. John Manners and the Right Honorable 
 John Shelley. 
 
 1774. George Sutton, the eldest son of Lord 
 George Sutton and Major General Sir 
 Henry Clinton. 
 
REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT. 459 
 
 1780. George Sutton, gave place to his father 
 the Right Honorable Lord George 
 Sutton, who, with Major General, then 
 Sir Henry Clinton, Knight of the 
 Bath, was returned. 
 
 1783. John Manners Sutton, the second son of 
 
 Lord George, on the decease of his 
 father was elected. 
 
 1784. John Manners Sutton and the Right 
 
 Honorable Constantine John Lord 
 Mulgrave. 
 1/90. John Manners Sutton and Lieutenant 
 Colonel William Crosbie. 
 
 1796. John Manners Sutton declined in favour 
 
 of his younger brother Thomas Man- 
 ners Sutton, who, with Colonel Mark 
 Wood, was returned. 
 
 1797. Thomas Manners Sutton re-elected, on 
 
 vacancy by accepting an office under 
 the Crown. 
 
 1802. Thomas Manners Sutton re-elected on 
 the same occasion. 
 
 1802. At the general election, Thomas Man- 
 ners Sutton and Admiral Sir Charles 
 Morris Pole. 
 
 G <; 2 
 
460 REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT. 
 
 1805. Thomas Manners Sutton again vacated^ 
 
 and Henry Willoughby was elected, 
 
 1806. General Cotton and Henry Willoughby. 
 1812* General Cotton and Henry Willoughby, 
 1814. General Cotton being called to the 
 
 House of Peers, by the title of Lord 
 Combermere, George Hay Dawkins 
 Pennant was elected. 
 1818. Henry Willoughby and General Sir 
 William Henry Clinton. 
 
461 
 
 ANCIENT 
 TOPOGRAPHY OF NEWARK. 
 
 It has been before hinted that Newark, 
 during the Saxon Heptarchy, was not a place 
 of much consequence or extent and it may be 
 collected from Doomsday Book, that at the 
 Norman invasion some English cities appear 
 to be little better than villages of the present 
 day. Even York, although it was always the 
 second, or at least the third, city in England, 
 and the capital of a great province, contained 
 but 1418 families. In Norwich were 738 
 houses, Exeter 315, Ipswich 538, Northamp- 
 ton 60, Hertford 146, Canterbury 262, Bath 
 64, Southampton 84, Warwick 225. As New- 
 ark did not hold rank with these places, it 
 may be fairly inferred the size and population 
 was inferior to most if not all of them. It is 
 
462 ANCIENT TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 observable that although the number of inhabit- 
 ants and of course of dwellings, has prodi- 
 giously increased within the last century, 
 nevertheless the ichnography has been much 
 the same for the six last centuries, till within 
 a few years past, the greater part of the 
 present streets still retaining or nearly, their 
 original names. 
 
 POTTER-J)IKE, NOW LOMBARD-STREET. 
 
 Called by Docter Stukely, Pottor's-ditch, 
 and supposed by him to be even of Roman 
 extraction; but the reader may attach what- 
 ever degree of credit to the idea he thinks 
 proper. 
 
 BALDERTON-GATE. 
 
 A Messuage in this street was given by 
 John Durant, of Newark, to Hugh de Shelton, 
 son of Robert de Flintham, by deed dated 26 
 Ed. I. A. D. 1298. 
 
 BARN BY-GATE. 
 
 In the same year, Roger de Montford and 
 Margaret his wife received a grant from 
 William de Scampton, of all his right in a 
 Messuage in Barnby-gate. 
 
ANCIENT TOPOGRAPHY. 463 
 
 STODEMERE-STRBET. 
 
 The Procurator of the Guild of St. Peter, 
 Simon de Botisford, with the consent of his 
 brethren, granted to Robert de Morton, a 
 Messuage in Stodemere-street, in Newark, 
 9 Ed. III. A. D. 1335. 
 
 MIDDLE-GATE. 
 
 Richard Brown, of Newark, released by 
 deed to William de Storkum, a Messuage and 
 two Shops in this Street, 31 Ed. III. A. D. 
 1357. 
 
 CARTER-GATE. 
 
 Robert de Burton, Vicar of Wigtoft, Line, 
 granted to William Ansell, Vicar of Stoke, one 
 Messuage in Newark, in the Carter-gate, 
 1 R. II. A. D. 1377- 
 
 CASTLE-GATE. 
 
 This Street is probably nearly as ancient as 
 the edifice from which it takes its name, it is 
 however on record that Richard Hallam, of 
 Retford, and others did grant unco Robert 
 Brown, a Messuage in Castle-gate, lying 
 between the Castle of the Lord Bishop of 
 Lincoln, and aMessuage of the Holy Trinty to 
 the south, the King's highway, called Castle- 
 
464 ANCIENT TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 gate, to the east, and the River Trent on the 
 west, 13 Hen, VIII. A. D. 1522. 
 
 This Estate in the year 1532, was devised 
 by the grantee, in conjuction with numerous 
 others, to Trustees, for charitable uses and sold 
 under the Act of Parliament of 1773. 
 
 BEAMOND. 
 
 Vid. Brown's Schedule, A. D. 1532. 
 
 NORTH-GATE. 
 
 Thomas Wheatley, of South Scarle, released 
 to Robert Markham and others, a Messuage 
 in Newark, in a street called North-gate, 
 25 H. VIII. A. D. 1534. 
 
 MILN-GATE. 
 
 William Molyneax, of Hawton purchased 
 of Richard Whalley of Shelford, one messuage 
 in Milne-gate Newark, 32 H. VIII. A. D. 1651. 
 
 PARISH-LANE. 
 
 Vid. Johnson's Donation, 1655. 
 
 KIRK-GATE, 
 
 Vid. St. Leonard's Hospital Chief Rents, 
 A, D. 1605. 
 
 APPLETON-GATE. 
 
 Vid. Chapman's Donation, A. D. 1619. 
 
ANCIENT TOPOGRAPHY. 465 
 
 Although not any documents of higher 
 antiquity have been obtainted on behalf of the 
 two last mentioned streets nevertheless the 
 former in respect of situation, and the latter 
 from the circumstance of the religious houses, 
 claim considerable observation. 
 
 CODDINGTON-LANE. 
 
 Vid. Phillipott's Schedule. 
 
 OBLITERATED SITUATIONS 
 
 Coke- 
 Saffern 
 
 Cont- 
 
 OIS .LIU 
 
 -rowe, 1 
 rn-yard, S. 
 -croft, \ 
 
 Pavement, Vid. Phillipott's Schedule. 
 
466 
 
 ANCIENT INNS. 
 
 SARACEN'S HEAD, MARKET-PLACE. 
 
 1341. (14 Ed. III.) A release by William 
 Burnack of the whole of the said Inn. 
 
 1399. (22 R. II.) Feoffment of part of the 
 said Inn, by William de Leek, Simon 
 de Leek, John de Leek, and Richard 
 de Wakefield, to Thurlby and Aylston. 
 
 1399. Feoffment by Thurlston and Aylston, 
 to Sir John Leek and Richard de 
 Wakefield. 
 
 1399. Release from Roger de Bildesthorpe to 
 Richard de Wakefield, of his right in 
 part of the said premises. 
 
 1404. (5 Hen. IV.) Feoffment by John de 
 Bildesthorpe and Emma his wife, to 
 Sir John Leek, John de Wakefield, 
 and Richard de Wakefield of the said 
 Inn. 
 
ANCIENT INNS. 467 
 
 1405. (6 Hen. IV.) Lease from Sir John Bur- 
 nack to John Greene of his greate inne, 
 from the Market Stede to Potterdyke, 
 rent eleven Marks sterling. 
 
 1442. (20 Hen. VI.) Feoffment by Richard 
 Wakefield, to certain persons of his 
 part of the Saracen's Head Inn. 
 
 1461. (1 Ed. IV.) Grant by Thomas Wake- 
 field to the Lord Abbot of Welbeck, 
 of forty shillings rent out of his part of 
 the Saracen's Head Inn, and other 
 Messuages in Newark. 
 
 1485, (1 Hen. VII) Lease by A. Frecheville 
 to Richard Botteral of the Saracen's 
 Head, at the yearly rent of ten pounds. 
 
 (— Hen. VII.) Conveyance by Ann 
 
 Frecheville to Revel, of Oggston, 
 
 of the Saracen's Head Inn. 
 
 1538. (29 Hen. VIII.) Conveyance by Martin 
 Richardson to Richard Lucas, of one 
 third part the said premises. 
 
 1564. (6 Eliz.) Lease from John Revell of 
 Shirland Lodge, to Hugh Byrkit and 
 Elizabeth his wife, of two parts of the 
 Saracen's Head Inn, together with 
 
468 ANCIENT INNS. 
 
 some land for the term of twenty-one 
 years, excepting a certain shop, part 
 of the said premises, in the possession 
 of John Twentyman. 
 
 1584. (26 Eliz.) Conveyance of two parts of 
 the Saracen's Head Inn, by John 
 Revell of Mansfield, to Peter Lucas, 
 eldest son of the before mentioned 
 Richard Lucas. 
 
 1590. (32 Eliz.) Conveyance of a part of the 
 Saracen's Head Inn, adjoining the 
 Market-place, by Bryan Lucas, son of 
 Peter Lucas, to John Twentyman. 
 
 1592. (34 Eliz.) Conveyance of the remain- 
 der by the same to the same. 
 
 The Saracen's Head Inn continued in dif- 
 ferent branches of the family, till the year 1720, 
 when it was sold by John Twentyman to John 
 Herring, who in the succeeding year rebuilt 
 and devised it to his second son John Herring, 
 from whose widow it devolved to her only 
 daughter Arabella, the wife of the Rev. John 
 Ridghill, by whom it was conveyed to James- 
 Clark, the then occupier, in 1784 ; soon after 
 
ANCIENT INNS. 469 
 
 which it was sold to the Duke of Newcastle, 
 in whose family the proprietorship now re- 
 mains. 
 
 On the retiring of Mr. Clark in 1784, Mr. 
 William Thompson, who had for some years 
 occupied the Saracen's Head at Southwell, 
 became tenant to these premises, which he 
 continued to hold much to the satisfaction of 
 the public, until Lady-day, 1819, when he 
 quitted the bustle of an active life in Newark 
 for the rural scenes of Winthorpe. It was to 
 this place Colonel John Hutchinson was re- 
 moved subsequent to the brutal treatment re- 
 ceived by him at the Talbot. 
 
 A modern writer, transcribing from the 
 Harleam Miscellany, and speaking of this cir- 
 cumstance, says, u Sir Francis Leek and Cecil 
 Cooper, were the active agents of government in 
 this disgraceful imprisonment, though the latter 
 of the two mixed the humanity of a gentle- 
 man in his treatment of the prisoner, with the 
 violence of a determined courtier" If credit 
 may be allowed to the Colonel's widow, Mrs. 
 
470 ANCIENT INNS. 
 
 Lucy Hutchinson, who wrote the life of her 
 husband, whilst the transaction was still clear 
 in memory, this charge of active agency against 
 Mr. Cooper is not strictly correct ; as the mat- 
 ter particularly attaches to Newark, it is pre- 
 sented to the reader verbatim. " While these 
 poore people (speaking- of some nonconform- 
 ists) were in prison, the collonell sent them 
 some mony, and as soon as their time was ex- 
 pired, Mr. Palmer came to Owthorpe to give 
 him thanks, and preacht there one Lord's day. 
 Whether this were taken notice of is not evi- 
 dent, but within a short time after, upon the 
 Lord's day, the 11th of October, 1663, the 
 collonell having that day finisht the expound- 
 ing of the Epistle to the Romans to his house- 
 hold, and the servants being gone out of the 
 parlour from him, one of them came in and 
 told him souldiers were come to the towne. 
 He was not at all surprised, but stay'd in the 
 roome till they came in, who were conducted 
 by Atkinson, one of those Newark men, who 
 had so violently before prosecuted him at the 
 parliament, and he told the collonell he must 
 goe^ along with them, after they had search* 
 
ANCIENT INNS. 471 
 
 the house; for which the collonell required 
 their commission, which at the first they say'd 
 they need not shew, but after they shewM him 
 an order from Mr. Francis Leke, one of the 
 deputy lieftenants, forthwith to repayre to his 
 house, to search for and bring away what 
 armes they could find, and to seize his person. 
 All which they did, and found no armes in the 
 house, but four birding gunns, that hong open 
 in the kitchen, which being the young gentle- 
 men' s, at that time they left. It was after 
 sunsett when they came, and they were at least 
 two howers searching every corner and all 
 about the house, and the collonell was not at 
 that time very well in health, and not having 
 been for six months before on horseback, had 
 neither horses nor saddles at that time in the 
 house; the coachman was also gone away, 
 and the coach horses turned out, and it was as 
 bitter, a stormie, pitchie, dark, blacke raynie 
 night, as anie that ceme that yeare; all which 
 consid^r'd, the collonell desir'd that they would 
 but stay for the morning light, that he misjht 
 accommodate himself: but they would not, bur 
 tbrc'd him to goe then allong with them, his 
 
472 ANCIENT INNS. 
 
 eldest sonne lending him a horse, and also 
 voluntarily accompanying him to Newark, 
 where, about foure of the clock in the morning, 
 he was brought into the Talbott, and put into 
 a most vile roome, and two souldiers kept guard 
 upon him in that roome. 
 
 And now what thy ayl'd wee knew not, 
 but they were all seiz'd with a panick feare, 
 and the whole country fiercely allarum'd, and 
 kept at Newark many dayes at intollerable 
 charges, and I thinke they never yett knew 
 what they were sent for in to doe, but to guard 
 Coll. Hutchinson ; who being at first put into 
 a/roome that look'd into the streete, was re- 
 moov'd after into a back roome, worse, if worse 
 could be, and so bad that they would not lett 
 the Duke of Buckingham's footemen lodge in 
 it : and here he continued, no man comming 
 at him nor letting him know why he was 
 brought in. The next day Mrs. Hutchinson 
 sent him some linnen, and as soone as the man 
 came, Tomson, the host of the inne, would not 
 suffer him to see his master, but seizM him 
 and kept him prisoner two days. Mr. Thomas 
 
ANCIENT INNS, 473 
 
 Hutchinson had a mare which the inn-keeper 
 had a desire to buy, and his father persuaded 
 him to lett him have her worth mony, who 
 thereupon agreed on the price, only Tomson 
 deslr'd him to lett him trie the mare six miles, 
 which he condescended to, upon condition 
 that if Tomson ridd the mare above six miles 
 he should pay the mony for her, and furnish 
 Mr Hutchinson with a horse home, or to my 
 Lord of Newcastle's, or any other occasion he 
 had while he was^t Newark. Upon this bar- 
 gaine Tomson had the mare, but instead of 
 going but six miles, led a greater partie of 
 horse than those who first seized the colonell, 
 to Owthorpe, and coming in after sunsett, to 
 the affright of Mrs. Hutchinson and her chil- 
 dren, againe searcht their house more narrowly 
 if possible than at first, with much more inso- 
 lent behaviour, although they found no more 
 than at first; but they tooke away the birding 
 gunns they had left before, and from Owthorpe 
 they went to Nottingham, where they tooke 
 one captain Wright and lieftenant Franck, 
 who had bene Lambert's agitant-generall, and 
 brought the poore men to Newark, where 
 
 H H 
 
474 ANCIENT INNS. 
 
 they are yett prisoners, and to this day they 
 know not why."* 
 
 " When Tomson came back, Mr. Hutchin- 
 son, out of the window, spied his owne gunne, 
 which some of the men had brought in, and 
 soone understood that this rogue had made use 
 of his owne horse to plunder him. At night 
 Tomson, the host, came up into the colonell's 
 chamber, and behaved himself most insolently, 
 whereupon the colonell snajphed up a candle* 
 stick and lay'd him over the chaps with it, 
 whereupon Mr. Leke, being in the house, and 
 hearing the bustle, with others, came in with 
 drawne swords, and the collonell tooke that 
 opportunity to tell him, that he stood upon 
 iustification, and desired to know his crime 
 and his accusers, and that till then he was 
 content to be kept as safe as they would have 
 him, but desired to be delivered out of the 
 hands of that insolent fellow, and to have 
 accommodation fitt for gentleman; which 
 
 * This shews the history was written while the events 
 jwere recent. 
 
ANCIENT INNS. 475 
 
 when they saw lie would not be without, for 
 hfe would eat no more meat in that house, they 
 after two days removed him to the next inne, 
 where he was civilly treated, with guards still 
 remaining upon him/ 1 
 
 " The 19th of October Mr. Leke, with a 
 party of horse, carried the collonell to the 
 Marquesse of Newcastle's, who treated him 
 very honorably; and then falling into discourse 
 with him, " Collonell," sayth he " they say 
 you desire to know your accusers, which is 
 more than I know." And thereupon very 
 freely shew'd him the Duke of Buckingham's 
 letter commanding him to imprison the col- 
 lonell and others, upon suspition of a plott, 
 which my lord was so fully satisfied the col- 
 lonell was innocent of, that he dismist him 
 without a guard to his owne house, only 
 engaging him to stay there one weeke, till he 
 gave an account to the counsell, upon which 
 he was confident of his liberty." 
 
 " The collonell thus dismist, came home, 
 and upon the 22nd day of October, a party of 
 
 hh2 
 
4-76 ANCIENT INNS. 
 
 horse, sent only with a wretched corpora!^ 
 came about 11 of the clock with a warrant 
 from Mr. Leke, and fetched him back to New- 
 ark, to the inne where he was before, Mr. 
 Twentyman's, who being still civill to him, 
 whisper' d him as soone as he allighted, that 
 it was determined he should be close prisoner; 
 whereupon the collonell say'd he would no 
 more pay any centinells that they sett upon 
 him, yett they sett two hired souldiers, having 
 now dismist the county, but the collonell for- 
 bade, the inne to give them anie drinke, or 
 anie thing elce upon his account. The next 
 day, being the 23d, Mr. Leke came to him 
 and shew'd him a letter from my lord New- 
 castle, wherein my lord writ that he was sorry 
 he could not persue that kindnesse he intend- 
 ed the collonell, believing him innocent, for 
 that he had received a command from Buck- 
 ingham to keepe him close prisoner, without 
 pen, inke, or paper ; and to shew the reallity 
 of this, with the order he sent a copie of the 
 duke's letter, which was also shew'd the col- 
 lonell; and in it was this expression, " that 
 though he could not make it out as yett, he hop'd 
 
ANCIENT INNS. 4// 
 
 he should bring Mr. Hutchinson into the plott" 
 Mr. Leke having communicated these orders 
 to Mr. Hutchinson, told him he was to goe to 
 London, and should leave him in charge of 
 the maior of Newark/' 
 
 " After Mr. Leke was gone, the maior, 
 one Herring, of Newark, a rich, but simple 
 fellow, sent the iayler to Mr. Hutchinson, to 
 tell him he must goe to his house ; which the 
 collonell refusing to doe voluntarily, without 
 a mittimus from some magistrate, the maior 
 sent five constables and two souldiers, who by 
 violence, both forc'd the collonell out of his 
 quarters, and into the iayle without any legall 
 committment, although the collonell warn'd 
 both the iayler and the men of the danger of 
 the law, by this illegall imprisonment. The 
 collonell would not advance at all into the 
 prison ; into which the men would faine have 
 entreated him ; but when they saw they could 
 not perswade, they violently thrust him in,* 
 
 * This prison and Butter Cross, stood about ten yard; 
 from the end of the house now occupied by Mr. Andrew-;, 
 towards the Kington Arms, on its removal, a house on the 
 
478 ANCIENT INNS. 
 
 
 where the iayler afterwards used him pretty 
 civilly; but the roome being unfitt for him, 
 he gott cold and fell very sick, when, upon 
 the 27th of October, Mr. Leke, with the 
 marquesses secretary came to him, arid found 
 him soe, and acquainted him, that the mar- 
 quesse had receivM expresse orders from the 
 king, to send him up in safe custody to Lon- 
 don. Mr. Leke finding him so ill, was so 
 civill to permitt him to goe by his owne house, 
 which was as neare a road, that he might 
 there take accommodations for his iourney, 
 and be carried up at more ease, in his owne 
 coach. The same 27th day, att night, his 
 house at Owthorpe was againe searcht, and 
 he and his wife being abroad, all their boxes 
 and cabinetts broken open, and all their papers 
 rifled, but yett for all this they could find 
 nothing to colour their iniustice to him." 
 
 " Having been falsely and illegally impri- 
 son'd, from six of the clock on friday night 
 
 Dry-bridge was used for that purpose. Vid. Phillipott's 
 
 valuation. This continued till the erection of the new gaol, 
 in 1786. 
 
ANCIENT INNS. 1J9 
 
 the 23d of October, till ten of the clock in the 
 morning October the 28th, he was then, in 
 order to his going to London, brought by 
 Beck the iayler to Twentyman's the inne, from 
 whence he was hal'd, to stay there till a com- 
 manded party of the county horse came to 
 guard him to London. But one devision of 
 the county who had warrants sent them, not 
 comming in, Atkinson sent into that part 
 where the collonell liv'd, and his owne neigh- 
 bours comming slowly and unwillingly to that 
 service, he was forc'd to stay there all that 
 day till night in the custody of the iayler. At 
 night, when he was in bed, the maior being 
 ilrunke commanded him to be carried back 
 to the iayle, but the iayler, weary of his 
 drunken commands, sat up with two souldiers, 
 and guarded him in the inne/' 
 
 "The next day the partie not being come 
 in, a meane fellow, that was appointed to 
 command the collonell's guard, one corporal I 
 Wilson, came and told him that he must not 
 goe by his owne house, nor have the privil- 
 ledge of his coach, but be carried up another 
 
480 ANCIENT INNS. 
 
 way, whereupon the collonell sent to Atkinson 
 to desire fyim he might not be denied that 
 civillity Mf. Leke had allowed him, but he 
 was so peevish and obstinate that the collonell 
 was sending his sonne post to the Marquesse 
 of Newcastle, to complain of his mallitious 
 inhumanity, who would have forc'd him on 
 horseback without any accoindation, when he 
 was so ill that he could not have ridden one 
 stage without manifest hazard of his life ; and 
 yett Mr. Cecil Cooper and Mr. Whalley, 
 though iustices and deputy lieftenants, could 
 not prevaile with him, till he saw the collonell 
 as resolute as himselfe ; and then at last, by 
 their mediation (wherein Mr. Cecil Cooper 
 did something redeeme his former causeless 
 hatred, which made him plunder the house, 
 and deteine the plunder when it was ordered 
 back).* The collonell, about sunsett was sent 
 out of Newark, with those horse that were 
 
 * This occurrence happened in December 1660, but it 
 is not to be understood that Captain Cooper was present at 
 the transaction ; though it must be confessed Lieutenant 
 Broughton and Cornet Andrews, with the company were 
 under his orders. 
 
ANCIENT INNS' 
 
 181 
 
 
 
 * in, to stay for the rest at his own house. 
 Thus the collonell tooke his last leave of 
 Newark." 
 
 The treatment Colonel Hutchinson received 
 during his confinement at Newark has cer- 
 tainly the appearance of harshness in the 
 extreme; but it must be recollected, the 
 virulence ot party spirit was, by revulsion, at 
 this time in its full operative malignity : the 
 powers of Newark had now in their hands 
 ihe man who once was the very life and soul 
 of ther neighbouring opponents, he who 
 baffled their repeated attempts upon the Castle 
 at Nottingham, whose name was to be found 
 prominent on the list of those who sat in 
 judgment upon their favorite Charles and who 
 was one of the actual Commissioners under 
 whom the articles of capitulation were drawn 
 up, which submitted to an enemy their native 
 town and maiden castle, and though, without 
 the least doubt, they were as Men, humane, 
 hospitable and benevolent, as Christians chari- 
 table and forgiving and as Soldiers generous 
 and bv nevertheless to the eye ot the 
 
482 ANCIENT INNS. 
 
 partizan magnanimity ever appears arrayed 
 in the garb of folly. 
 
 THE TALBOT, IN CARTER-GATE. 
 
 1341, (14 Ed. III.) Henry deEdwinstowe and 
 Robert his brother did grant, by the 
 king's licence, unto the Prior and 
 religious men of the priory of Newsted 
 in Shire wood, the manor North Musk- 
 ham, together with the appurtenances 
 of all kinds, including villains, &c. 
 also two tofts in the parish of Newerck, 
 and a certain inn there known by the 
 name of Vertagus, to support two 
 priests in the said religious house. 
 
 Although it is highly probable the present 
 house of entertainment in Carter-gate known 
 by the name of the Talbot stands on the site of 
 the old inn, yet at that time it could not have 
 obtained such appellation, as the family of 
 Talbot was not ennobled till the 20 Hen. VI. 
 (1442) and of course not entitled to use those 
 heraldic supporters, from which the animal 
 
ANCIENT INNS. 483 
 
 usually called Talbot took its rise : besides 
 Vertagus, or the Tumbler, is of a very different 
 genus, being of the greyhound tribe, and now 
 degenerated into what is called the lurcher, 
 nevertheless the front of the ancient inn might 
 have exhibited that sign, as they were, in those 
 days, dogs of the highest notoriety. 
 
 The above recited gift of the premises in 
 Newark is liable to some doubt, for, the 
 Rufford Register which contains the grant of 
 Muskham by the Edwinstowe's and fifteen 
 other deeds of the like nature to the priory, is 
 entirely silent on that head. 
 
 WHITE HART, IN THE MARKET-PLACE. 
 
 1413, (14 Hen. IV.) By Deed, Adam Crey- 
 mars de Newark, and Amicia his wife, 
 gave to Walter their son and Johanna 
 his wife, daughter of Roger de Myster- 
 ton and Johanna his wife, all that 
 house known by the name of the 
 White Hart, in the Market Stede of 
 Newark, and pausing backward to the 
 
484 ANCIENT INNS. 
 
 street called 'Carter-gate in the same, 
 abutting, on the north, upon the house 
 of Gregory Barton, and on the west 
 on the shop of Robert Scuffin. 
 
 The original house is still standing, though 
 probably reduced by sales at different times; 
 the shop adjoining, to the west, now in the 
 occupation of Messrs. Hilton and Chambers, 
 is in the same style of building and may be 
 held as a part of the dissevered premises. The 
 inn is now the property of Lord Middleton, 
 and occupied by Mr. Robert Crampern. 
 
 SWAN AND SALMON, IN CASTLE GATE. 
 
 1521, (12 Hen. VIII.) It is said an inn known 
 by the same name and on the site of 
 the present house, was specified to be 
 the southern boundary of a Messuage 
 conveyed, under a deed bearing this 
 date, by Richard Haslam, with Agnes 
 his wife and Agnes Moisley,* to Robert 
 
 * Vid. page 29 and 35. 
 
ANCIENT INNS, 485 
 
 Browney, Esq. If Mr. Browney re- 
 ceived Livery of Seisin in the literal 
 sense, perhaps the premises, whatever 
 might have been the pecuniary con- 
 sideration, would not be found too 
 cheap; but this seems to be recapitula- 
 tion of the conveyance to Robert 
 Brown. 
 
486 
 
 ANCIENT PAVING. 
 
 In common, with most of the towns in 
 England, Newark appears to have been 
 immersed in mud or enveloped by dust till the 
 27th year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
 A. D. 1585, when an act of parliament was 
 passed for paving the streets of this place. 
 Perhaps cleanliness, in those days, might have 
 been looked upon as a dangerous innovation, 
 for the work went on so very slowly that in 
 the 18th of James I. thirty-six years afterward?, 
 the paving of the Market-place was only 
 begun, and at last but partially effected, there 
 not being any more than a causeway, six feet 
 in breadth, from the house at the west corner 
 of the Market-place, afterwards occupied by 
 Hercules Clay, to the south porch of the 
 Church.* At that time there was a Cross in 
 
 * If the encroachment upon the north side of the 
 
ANCIENT PAVING. 487 
 
 the Market-place, near to which the pavement 
 passed, and opposite to it, in the work, was 
 inserted the initials of Henry Webster, the 
 workman's name together with the date. 
 H. W. 1619. 
 
 The place called the Pavement recited in 
 Brown's Schedule 1532, wheresoever it might 
 be situated, was 87 years previous to this last 
 mentioned work. 
 
 Market-place had been made previously to this event, would 
 not the causeway have been described as extending to 
 Church-lane instead of to the south porch? 
 
488 
 
 Inhabitants of various parts of Newark, at 
 the commencement of the seventeenth century, 
 transcribed from a terrier of "Chief Rents 
 due unto the Right Honorable William Lord 
 Burghley, in right of the Hospital of Saint 
 Leonard, by Newarke, at Michaelmas, 1605. 
 
 MARKET-STEAD. 
 
 Gilbert Francis, iiii^. ob. Matthewe Wilson, xd. 
 
 William Tailor, iiiie?. William Shipman, vid. 
 
 Andrewe Ellis, vid, Joshua Noble, vid. 
 
 Matthewe Bloncke, iiis. William Standi ey, vid. 
 
 Joseph Holland, viiid. ob. Christopher Jenneson, vid, 
 
 Henry Webster, xd. Widowe Lightfoote, vid, 
 
 Edward Brathericke, iis.iiii^. Christopher Thompson, vid* 
 William Standish, vd, John Simonds for the 1 ., , 
 Edward Kelsterne, ra. xrf. GuiUe of our Ladie J ' 
 
 Jos. Twentyman, his. Hid. ob, Christopher Jenneson, vid, 
 
 KIRKE-GATE. 
 
 Richard Webster, vd, Richard Mercer, xiic?. ob, 
 
 Widowe Dove, vd, Widowe Marston, xd. 
 
 Francis Jacksonne, vd, Mitchell Hutley, viftd. 
 
 Widowe Meller, vid. Sir Francis Leeke, iiisiid. 
 
 Jeffray Bracebridge, vid. Robert Butcher, viiid. 
 
 Edward Yoxall, xvitf. Edward Rixton, xliiirf. 
 
 William Wand, xiitf. Gervase Bowman, xid. 
 
 Robert Cooke, xiirf. Robert Butcher, vid. 
 
 Henry Guill, Us, 
 
 MIDDLE-GATE. 
 
 Christ. Jenneson, for 1 ~ a Mr. Cane, virf." 
 
 the Tanners and all J 
 
489 
 
 THE WORKHOUSE. 
 
 >§§!< 
 
 By the dissolution of monastic and other 
 religious foundations in the time of Henry the 
 Eighth, the poor of England were deprived of 
 the principal source of their subsistence. For- 
 merly the maintenance of the Poor was, in a 
 great measure, an ecclesiastical concern, one 
 fourth part of the tithes in every parish being 
 set apart for that purpose. The Minister, un- 
 der the Bishop, had the principal direction in 
 the disposal thereof, assisted by the church- 
 wardens and other principal inhabitants. In 
 process of time, when the tithes of many 
 parishes, collectively, became appropriated to 
 the monasteries, those societies contributed 
 very largely towards the relief of the poor, 
 who were, in many instances daily fed at the 
 gates of the convents. Voluntary alms sup- 
 plied the remainder. 
 
 i i 
 
490 THE WORKHOUSE. 
 
 Although the lives of some of the holy 
 brother and sisterhood within many of the 
 Abbies and other religious walls were very far 
 from being exemplary patterns, yet it is highly 
 probable their vices were magnified by the 
 journeymen robbers of the rapacious Henry. 
 Vile were they indeed, if they merited a halter 
 in a greater degree than that tyrant. 
 
 PROGRESSIVE 
 MODES OF MANAGING THE POOR. 
 
 By the statute of 27 H. VIII. (1536) The 
 churchwardens, or two other of every parish, 
 were to make collections for the poor, on 
 Sundays. 
 
 By 5 and 6 Ed. VI. (1552 and 3). The 
 Minister and Churchwardens, were annually to 
 appoint two able persons or more to be gather- 
 ers and collectors of alms for the poor. 
 
 By 5 Eliz. (1563) The parishioners were 
 to chuse the said collectors and gatherers for 
 the poor. 
 
 By 14 Eliz. (1572) The Justices were to 
 appoint collectors for the poor within every 
 parish | and were also to appoint the 4&\itt$ttt 
 
THE WORKHOUSE. 491 
 
 of the poor, whose office was nearly the same 
 as at present, except only for collecting the 
 money, which was done by the aforesaid 
 gatherers or collectors. 
 
 By 18Eliz. (15/6) The Justices were to 
 appoint collectors and 430toCttlQC3» of the poor. 
 
 By39Eliz. (1597) The churchwardens of 
 every parish, and four substantial householders 
 there, being subsidy men* or for want of sub- 
 sidy men, four other substantial householders, 
 to be nominated in Easter week by two 
 Justices, one of whom to be of the quommfi 
 were to be called Oversee / rs of the Poor of the 
 same parish. 
 
 And by 43Eliz. (1601) The churchwardens 
 of every parish, and four, three or hvo substan- 
 tial householders there, as shall be thought meet, 
 having respect to the greatness of the pai*ish, to 
 be nominated y early in Easter week, or within 
 one month after Easter, under the hand and seal 
 of two or more Justices of the peace in the same 
 county, whereof one shall be of the quorum, 
 dwelling in or near the parish or division, shall 
 be called Overseers of the Poor of the same pa- 
 
 * Payers of the King's taxes. 
 f>i, l>e(ore w horn all matters of importance must be transacted. 
 
 i i 2 
 
492 THE WORKHOUSE. 
 
 risk.- The present mode is nearly the same* 
 But, returning to the immediate subject. 
 
 This receptacle for the poor of the parish 
 of Newark is situated at the south eastern 
 extremity of the town, not far from Beau- 
 mond Cross; the building large and substantial, 
 composed of brick, and excellently adapted 
 to the purpose; every convenience requisite to 
 the health and comfort of its inhabitants is to 
 be found within its walls. The greatest 
 attention is paid to the quality of the provisions, 
 and plenty with economy walk hand in hand. 
 The cleanliness exhibited in every part of the 
 mansion beggars description, it is barely 
 possible to be equalled, but decided certainty 
 forbids its being surpassed. 
 Governor, Samuel Longden, Matron, Mrs. Longden* 
 
 Over the entrance is inscribed 
 
 THIS WORKHOUSE, 
 
 BUILT FROM THE ESTATES OF 
 
 Magnus^ Brown and Phillipott, 1786. 
 
 Before this subject is dismissed, it would 
 be manifest injustice to pass over, without due 
 
THE WORKHOUSE. 493 
 
 encomium, the strict regularity and minute 
 attention which is paid, by the present perma- 
 nent Overseer, Mr. Edward Cartledge, in every 
 direction of his most arduous undertaking. 
 Steady, perceptive, and systematic, difficulty of 
 office has nearly become an obsolete term at 
 Newark. The accompts are audited every 
 week, and scrutinized by vouchers. The annual 
 closing is made in open vestry. 
 
 # 
 In cities and superior boroughs, a perma- 
 nent overseer is an officer of the highest esti- 
 mation ; in petty market towns and villages, 
 where the generality of those who are liable 
 are nearly of equality in capability of acting, 
 he is a pest of the vilest description: appointed 
 only to be a tool, to his immediate employers. 
 In the course of the year 1818, a great num- 
 ber of copies of the following fair and candid 
 statement of Receipts and Disbursements were 
 printed and generally distributed amongst the 
 inhabitants of Newark, for inspection. The 
 honesty of its motive, is reason sufficient for 
 publication; in future time it will mark the 
 complexion of the age, and in time present 
 may operate as a stimulus to other places. 
 
494 
 
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THE WORKHOUSE. 
 
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496 THE WORKHOUSE. 
 
 A SLIGHT VIEW OF FORMER TIMES. 
 
 The present poor and labouring classes of 
 society, are, but too much, in the habit of 
 fostering discontent, -at what they style the 
 hardness of their situation ; the good old days 
 of yore are frequently contrasted with those 
 of the last and this century. It is an act of 
 humanity to withdraw the veil of antiquity 
 which shrouds those blessed days ; could they 
 be gratified with what they seem so ardently 
 to long after, it is somewhat to be doubted 
 whether their appetites would be remarkably 
 keen for the possession of such signal benefits 
 as might appear to court them. 
 
 By the statute 5 Eliz. all common labourers, 
 being persons able in body, using loitering, 
 and refusing to work for such reasonable wages 
 as are commonly given in the parts wherein 
 such persons dwell, shall be adjudged Rogues 
 and Vagabonds. 
 
 THE FIRST PUNISHMENT OF A VAGABOND. 
 
 On conviction to be grievously whipped, 
 
THE WORKHOUSE. 497 
 
 and burnt through the gristle of the right ear 
 with an hot iron, of the compass of an inch 
 about, manifesting his roguish kind of life, and 
 punishment received for the same. These 
 were to be accounted rogues in the first degree. 
 
 ROGUES IN THE SECOND DEGREE. 
 
 On similar conviction within 40 days, to be 
 adjudged Felons. 
 
 ROGUES IN THE THIRD DEGREE. 
 
 If convicted again, to be accounted Felons, 
 without benefit of the Clergy. Every person 
 between the ages of 12 and 60, not being an 
 artificer, apprentice, fisher or mariner, and 
 not being worth ^10. in goods or chattels, 
 compellable to serve in husbandry. 
 
 All artificers and labourers, being hired for 
 wages by the day or week, shall, between the 
 middle of the months of March and September, 
 be, and continue at their work, at or before 5 
 of the clock in the morning, and remain at 
 work and not depart until betwixt 7 and 8 of 
 the clock at night, except it be in the time of 
 
498 the workhouse. 
 
 breakfast, dinner or drinking, the which times 
 shall not exceed, at the most two hours and a 
 half in the day, that is to say, at every drinking, 
 one half hour, for his dinner one hour, and for 
 his sleep, when he is allowed to sleep (the 
 which is from the middle of May till the middle 
 of August) half an hour at the most, and at 
 every breakfast one half hour. All artificers 
 compellable to work in harvest. 
 
 All unmarried women Between the ages of 
 12 and 50 compellable to serve by the year, 
 week or day, for such wages as the Justices 
 shall think fit. 
 
 No rogue to be brought out of Ireland or 
 the Isle of Man ; if brought, by any means 
 whatever, such Maniske or Irish Rogue to be 
 carried back again. There seems to be a 
 considerable portion of sense in the last clause. 
 
 So much for the good old days of yore. 
 
 THE BOROUGH GAOL, 
 Is situated within the walls of the Work- 
 house. 
 
 Gaoler, William Cropper. 
 
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500 
 
 PRESENT STATE OF NEWARK. 
 
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PRESENT STATE OF NEWARK. 501 
 
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502 PRESENT STATE OF NEWARK. 
 
 PRINCIPAL STREETS. 
 
 Appleton-gate. Castle-gate. Mill gate. 
 
 Balderten-gate, Kirk-gate. North-gate. 
 
 Barnby-gate. Lombard-street. Stodman-street. 
 
 Carter- gate. Middle-gate. Wilson- street. 
 
 In these streets are still remaining many 
 ancient houses, excepting the last, which was 
 erected by the Rev. Dr. Wilson, the houses 
 are here uniform, and the commencement of 
 their building was on old May-day, 1766. 
 
 STREETS MORE MODERN, 
 TOGETHER WITH LANES, ROWS, Sfc. 
 
 BOTH ANCIENT AND MODERN, 
 
 Their Situations and Connections. 
 
 Pelham- street, connecting Mill-gate, with the Farndon-road. 
 
 Portland-street, Beaumond-cross, with Ditto. 
 
 Guildhall- street, Balderton-gate, .... Barnby-gate. 
 
 Hill-end, Mill-gate, ....Lombard-street. 
 
 Old Shambles, Kirk-gate, Market-place. 
 
 Church-lane, Market-place, with S . door of Church 
 
 St. MarkVlane, Stodman-street, with Lombard* street. 
 
 Mount-lane, Appleton gate, . . . Wilson street. 
 
 Mount-square, connected Mount-lane. 
 
 Boar-lane, connecting Middle-gate, ....Castle-gate. 
 
 Hawton-lane, Beaumond Cross, . . . Hawton-road. 
 
 Mill-lane, Mill-gate, Waterside. 
 
PRESENT STATE OF NEWARK. 503 
 
 Water-lane, North-gate, .... Waterside. 
 
 Broadhurst's Row Ditto, .... Lover's Lane. 
 
 Sheppard's Row, Ditto, .... Ditto. 
 
 Millington's Row, Winthorpe Road . . . . Ditto. 
 
 Tenter Buildings, insulated on Winthorpe Road. 
 
 Lincoln-row 
 
 Collingham-row,connectingNorth-gate, with Wilson- street. 
 
 Tallents' Row, in Pelham-street. 
 
 Paxton's Court, connecting Kirk-gate, with Slaughter-houses. 
 
 Portland-place, in Portland-street. 
 
 Chain-lane, connecting Market-place, with Middle-gate, 
 
 CawkwelFs Yard, Stodman-street, .... Lombard- street. 
 
 Cross Guns Yard, • in Balderton-gate. 
 
 Farndon-row, connecting Lombard-street, with Portland-street. 
 
 PRICES OF SEVERAL 
 ARTICLES AT NEWARK, IN 1818. 
 
 Wheat, Oct. 7, 84s. to 90*. p. qr. Cheese, 80s. per cwt. 
 
 Barley, 70s. — 74s. Geese, 7d. to lOd p. lb. 
 
 Rye, 60s. — 63s. Fowls, 2s. 6d. to 3s. 6d. p. coup. 
 
 Malt, 96s. Rabbits, 2s. to 2s. 6d. 
 
 Oats, 34s. — 40s. Ducks, 3s 6d. to 4s. 6d. 
 
 Beans, 80s. — 84s. Turkeys, 6s. to 10s. 6d. each. 
 Flour, (best) 3s. lOd. p. stone Pigeons, 3s. 6d. to 6s. 6d. p. doz. 
 
 Beef, 6%d. to 7d. p. lb. Salmon, Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. p. lb. 
 
 Mutton, 7d. — %d Eels, Sd to 9d. 
 
 Veal, 7d. — %d. Potatoes, XOd. to Is. p. peck. 
 
 Pork, 7d. — M. Turnips, Is. 
 
 Salt, 4s. Hd. p. st. 14 lbs. Peas, l.s. 
 
 Butter, 14rf. to20</. p lb. Onions, Gs. to 8s. 
 
504 
 
 NEWARK TROOP OF CAVALRY. 
 
 In the year 1794, when the minds of men 
 were maddened by the absurd idea of equality, 
 and internal commotions daily dreaded, a num- 
 ber of loyal and respectable inhabitants of 
 Newark and its vicinity, formed themselves 
 into a Corps of Cavalry, for the preservation 
 of the public peace. 
 
 The first muster of the Troop was upon 
 August 28th, 1794. 
 
 RETURN OF THE 
 
 Newark Troop of Yeomanry Cavalry , 
 
 COMMANDED BY 
 
 CAPTAIN FRANCIS CHAPLIN, 
 March 25, 1819. 
 
 Francis Chaplin, Captain Commandant, Riseholme, Line. 
 
 Philip Palmer, 1st Lieutenant, East Bridgford. 
 
 Thomas Wright, 2nd Lieutenant, Norwood Park. 
 
 John Handley, Cornet, Winthorpe. 
 
 Thomas Bland, Surgeon, Newark. 
 
 John O. Norton, Quarter Master, Ditto. 
 
 
NEWARK CAVALRY. 505 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Charles Paschoud, Newark. Joseph Hole, South Muskham. 
 Henry Hole, Little Carlton. Samuel Forster, Bingham. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Thomas Gamble, Newark. Robert Wilkinson, Newark. 
 Philip Gilby, Normanton 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 T Gardner, Innkeeper, Newark. Francis Jenkinson, Maltster, 
 John Ridge, Bookseller, ditto Southwell 
 
 John Hole, Draper, ditto J. Dufty, Farmer, Epperstone 
 
 J. S. Sheppard, Builder, ditto W. Sharpe, Miller, Woodboro' 
 
 Richard Gamble, Miller, ditto John Colclough, Farmer* 
 Robert Hilton, Maltster, ditto Kilvington 
 
 Richard Caparn, ditto, ditto Wm. Moseley, ditto \ Kersall 
 T. Middlebrook,F<?//w0«oer,do. Hugh Weightman, Farmer, 
 
 John Ives Mumby, Dyer, do. Win, Simpson, Builder, Harby 
 
 J. Thorpe, Wharfinger, ditto Thomas Howett, Farmer, do. 
 
 J.A.Jackson, ditto, ditto VVilliam Lacy, ditto, ditto 
 
 M.Hudson, Farmer \ ditto Hanson Minett, ditto, Thorney 
 
 T. Withers, Nurseryman, do. John Birkett, ditto, Barnby 
 
 Wm. Nail, Innkeeper, ditto William Vessey, ditto, ditto 
 
 Wm. Ward, Builder, ditto S. Banks, ditto, Londonthorpe 
 
 Thomas Flear, Miller, ditto R. Harvey, ditto, Balderton. 
 
 J. vVoolfit, Innkeeper, ditto G. Oldham, Corn/actor, ditto 
 
 Rich. Birkett, Miller, ditto William Oldham, Farmer, do. 
 
 William Potts, Glazier, ditto T. Goodman, ditto, Cromwell 
 
 J. Wilson, Innkeeper, ditto John Goodman, ditto, ditto 
 
 Jos. Gilstrap, ditto, ditto Wm. Quibell, ditto, Brough 
 
 John Nail, Joiner, ditto Richard Horner, ditto, ditto 
 
 M. Trueman, Wharfinger, do William Hunt, ditto, Weston 
 
 T. Spencer, Blacksmith, ditto W f m. SpatFord, ditto, Elston 
 
 R R. Corden, Draper, ditto George Milner, Builder, ditto 
 
 John Lamb, Butcher, ditto J . Branston, Farmer, Langford 
 
 J. G. Becket, Draper % ditto Peter Turner, ditto, ditto 
 
 J. Newton, J un. Ironmong\ do. Thomas Roberts, ditto, ditto 
 
 R. Kirkby, Cornfactor, ditto J. Wright, ditto, Collingham 
 
 Alfred Tomlin, Farmer, ditto Thomas S. Woolley, ditto, do. 
 J. Milward, Farmer, Averham Thomas Pacy, ditto, ditto 
 
 Wm, Weightman, ditto, ditto Edward Tinley, ditto, ditto 
 
 William Smith, ditto, Kelham Charles Bland, ditto, Flawbro* 
 
 K K 
 
506 NEWARK CAVALRY, 
 
 John Hall, Farmer, Stoke T. Fisher, ditto, Stragglethorpe 
 William Hunt, ditto, ditto J. Rose, Maltster, Bassingham 
 John Hatfield, Farmer, John Hammond, Farmer, do. 
 
 Coddington E. Rycroft, Butcher, Broughton 
 Thos. Glenn, Miller, Farndon Sam. Boulton, Farmer, ditto 
 W. Broadbent, Farmer, Upton William Green, ditto, ditto 
 Thos. Broadbent, ditto, ditto T Morris, ditto, Stapleford 
 Geo. Martin, ditto, Dean Hall Thomas Oliver, ditto, ditto 
 W, Boulton, ditto, Caythorpe George Holmes, ditto, ditto 
 
 Line. 
 
 The Newark Troop of Yeomanry Cavalry, 
 was marched to Worksop, June 5, 1805, on 
 permanent duty for eight days. To Redhill, 
 near Arnold, November 14, 15, and 16, 1811, 
 and to Nottingham, June 10, 11, and 12, 1817* 
 on account of Rioting and Disturbances, in 
 those neighbourhoods. 
 
507 
 
 NEWARK VOLUNTEERS 
 
 When by the mad ambition, of the worse 
 than mad self-elected Emperor of France, the 
 countiy was deemed in danger of invasion, a 
 number of public spirited inhabitants of New- 
 ark and its neighbourhood voluntarily stepped 
 forward to ward off the blow. 
 
 COPY OF 
 
 MUSTER ROLL OF THE 
 
 LOYAL NEWARK VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 In February, 1804, 
 
 COMMANDED BY 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Thoroton. 
 
 GRENADIER COMPANY. 
 
 Thomas Thoroton, .... Lieutenant Colonel Commandant* 
 Thomas Bradshaw, .... Lieutenant Colonel* 
 
 W. F. Handley, Captain. 
 
 James Dyson, 1st Lieutenant* 
 
 Harold Stanley, .... 2d Lieutenant* 
 William Brydges, .... Adjutant. 
 Rev. Joshua Brooke, Chaplain. 
 
 KK-> 
 
5(B 
 
 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 William Thompson, .... Surgeon. 
 George Ramsden, .... Secretary. 
 
 John Allin, Sergeant Major 
 
 John Cartledge, .... Quarter Master, 
 Edward Sm alley, .... Drum Major, 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Charles Owen Chapman. Arkin Fletcher. 
 
 Charles Smith* 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 William Lee. William Shaw. William Brunt. 
 
 Drummer, James Rushton. Fifer, John Ireland 
 
 Allsop Isaac 
 
 Austin Samuel 
 
 Bell John 
 
 brooks Joseph 
 
 Boler Thomas 
 
 Bamsdale John 
 
 Barnsdale Robert 
 
 Ball George 
 
 Brown William. IftmdHaslam John 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Fisher James 
 Flear Thomas 
 Griffin John 
 Godby Henry 
 Godby George 
 Harvey William 
 Harrison Samuel 
 Harris Gervase 
 
 Bend Thomas 
 Beard Joseph 
 Cropper Richard 
 Cooke William 
 Clark Thomas 
 Dixon Robert 
 Drury William 
 Doughty Thomas 
 Etches John 
 Eggleston Frederic 
 Franks Robert 
 
 Hurt Thomas 
 Handcock Samuel 
 Hallifax Edmund 
 Hodson John 
 Jackson Charles 
 Keep William 
 Lowe John 
 May William 
 Manderfield Thomas 
 Mumby John Ives 
 Metcalfe Alexander 
 
 Middlebrook John 
 Monks John 
 Needham William 
 Newbound William 
 Oldham John 
 Pearson William 
 Pacey William 
 Peel John 
 Redman William 
 Reavill Edward 
 Robertson George 
 Smith Benjamin 
 Straps James 
 Streets William 
 Simpson Samuel 
 Thompson William 
 Uffindale George 
 Warwick David 
 Wand Stephen 
 Webster William 
 
 LIGHT COMPANY. 
 
 John Handley, 
 William Bland, 
 William Holt, 
 
 Captain* 
 
 1st Lieutenant. 
 
 2d Lieutenant. 
 
 John Cramp ton, 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Titus Andrews^ 
 
 William Wright. 
 
VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 509 
 
 CORPORALS i 
 
 Thomas Clarke, William Gregory, Samuel Harley. 
 
 Drummer y Henry Bugg. Fifer, William Brown. 
 
 Aulsebrook, Richard 
 Aulsebrook, Thos. 
 Beedham, William 
 Bemrose, John 
 Brand, Thomas 
 Bradfield, John 
 Bugg, George 
 Bugg, Frederick 
 Burr ell, Thomas 
 Buttery, Joseph 
 Bellamy, John 
 Childs, Martin 
 Cawkwell, William 
 Cook, Richard 
 •Cook, John 
 Con I en, Samuel 
 Pick, Thou -as 
 Kggiestone, Fred. 
 Rear, John 
 Gil strap, Joseph 
 Graham, John 
 Green, Smart 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Harvey, Paul 
 Hatfield, John 
 Hill, William 
 Hind, William 
 Hodgkinsou, George 
 Holland, James 
 Holmes, William 
 Holt, Samuel 
 Hutchinson, Richard 
 Ince, George 
 Jackson, John 
 Jackson, William 
 Kennington, Thos. 
 Leeson, William 
 Moss, Erasmus 
 Onn, Thomas 
 Ordoyno, Garratt 
 Parkinson, Thomas 
 Pettefar, Rich. Band 
 Ridge, James 
 Ringrose, William 
 Scree ton, William 
 
 Smith, John 
 Smith, John 
 Smith, William 
 Steeds, William 
 Sterland, William 
 Sterland Octavius 
 Summers, Thomas 
 Tinsley, Robert 
 Townrow, Benjamin 
 Turtle, Charles 
 Varah, George 
 Warsop, Samuel 
 Watkin, John 
 Walt ham, Joseph 
 Wilson, James 
 Warstinholme, J. 
 Wimpress, Thomas 
 Woodhead, John 
 
 Band 
 Walton, William 
 
 FIRST BATTALION COMPANY. 
 
 Charles Snart, Captain, 
 
 Charles Moor, . . . .1st Lieutenant. 
 John Kercheval, .. 2d Lieutenant. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Robert Crampern, John Stanley, William Crowe. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Thomas Higginbottom, Richard Peet, John Thorpe. 
 Drummer , Thomas Reavill. Ftfer, George Ball. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Abraham, Rothwell Bellamy, Samuel Brown, Joseph 
 Aulsebrook, Thomas Brown, Joseph Brown, Robert 
 
510 
 
 VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 Brett, John 
 Brett, George 
 Barker, John 
 Burton, William 
 Birkett, John 
 Boot, John 
 Cawkwell, William 
 Cleric© t, Richard 
 Chapman, William 
 Cottam Richard 
 Daniel, Edward 
 Etches, Richard 
 Fotherby, William 
 Gaunt, James 
 Goss, Richard 
 Hollis, John 
 Hutchinson, Thos. 
 Hays John 
 l\ orsepool, John 
 
 Hodgkinson, Thos. 
 Hoyes, William 
 Hickman Thomas 
 Moss, Thomas 
 Mabbott, Edward 
 Moore, George 
 Manchester, John 
 Pils worth, William 
 Pratt, William, 
 Pickering, William 
 Proctor, John, 
 Pepper, Samuel 
 Robinson, John 
 Revill, Jonathan 
 Rushton, Thomas 
 Roberts, George 
 Rawdon, James 
 Reek, Henry 
 Saxe, Philip 
 
 Spencer, Thomas 
 Sharpe John, Band 
 Shipman, Samuel 
 Sharpe, William 1 
 Smith, William 
 Stafford, William 
 Sheppard, Mathew 
 N aim on, Richard 
 Townrow, John 
 Uffindall, William 
 Uffindali, John 
 Warrener, Francis 
 Williamson, Wm. 
 Waywood, William 
 Wright, Joseph 
 Wood, William 
 Wass, John 
 Winter, William 
 
 SECOND BATTALION COMPANY. 
 
 W. H, Hunter, .... Captain. 
 Henry Forster, .... 1st Lieutenant. 
 John Frier Congreve, %d Lieutenant. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 William Shields, William Cropper, John Etches. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 William Calvert, Thomas Cartledge, John Smith* 
 Drummer, Daniel Morley. Fifer, John HorsepooL 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Alles, William Clayton, Matthew 
 
 Blyton, John Caister, Thomas 
 
 Burrows, William Collins Richard 
 Brown, Sam. Band Cartledge Henry 
 Bellamy, William Daubney, Thomas 
 
 Bennett, William 
 Bettinson, Thomas 
 Bettinson, Michael 
 Cope, Joseph 
 Chambers, John 
 
 Deeping John 
 
 Fletcher, John 
 Flint, William 
 Groves, John 
 Gamble, Thomas 
 Grantham, Thomas 
 Green, Richard 
 
 Egglestone, Matthew Goadby, Francis 
 Ellis, James Gunn, John 
 
 Forster, Richard Herring, Richard 
 Fox, John Hage, John 
 

 Hogarth, John, 
 Jarvis, William 
 Jarvis, Thomas 
 Kirk, Joseph 
 Langton, William 
 Lowther, W illiam 
 Long, John 
 Linney, Thomas 
 Lupton, John 
 Moor, James 
 Mosley, William 
 Mackenzie, Andrew 
 Newton, Hugh 
 
 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Nelson, Ralph 
 Peart, William 
 Peet, John 
 Palethorpe, Thomas 
 Palethorpe, Joseph 
 Paling, Thomas 
 Povvdrill, James 
 Patchett, William 
 Potts, Thomas 
 Reynolds, John 
 Robinson, John 
 Renshaw, Thomas 
 Stanhope, Thomas 
 
 511 
 
 Turpin, Richard 
 Tipper, Joseph 
 Turner, John 
 Thompson, James 
 Wilkinson, Robert 
 Weightman, William 
 Wood, John 
 Wood, Hearsay 
 Walker, William 
 Watson, Thomas 
 Whittingham, George 
 Wright, Francis 
 
 THIRD BATTALION COMPANY. 
 
 Joseph Benjamin Smith, Captain. 
 
 William Edward Tallents, 1st Lieutenant, 
 William Speech ly, 2d Lieutenant, 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Joseph Stansall, Richard Sheppard, William Overing, 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 James W T ilson, George Haywood, William Peel. 
 Drummer , William Rawliuson Fifer, John Peel. 
 
 Botham, Martin 
 
 Barnes, William 
 
 Berry, William 
 
 Berry, John 
 
 Bradley, James 
 
 Beards worth EdwardFletcher, John 
 
 Buckley, James 
 
 Barker, John 
 
 Bronsby, Joseph 
 
 Bancroft, William 
 
 Bains, James 
 
 Heflield John 
 Hardy, William 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Alcock, Francis Bredon, John 
 
 Abraham, Robert Bennett, George 
 
 Aulsebrook, George Caseon, John Band Hansard, William 
 
 Adams, William Clarke George Joynes, Richard 
 
 Cheetham, Samuel King, William 
 Chapman, John Kirk, George 
 
 Camomile, Jos. BandKey, Edward 
 Davison, William Lee, Thomas 
 French, Thomas Marriott, John 
 
 Mitton, Thomas 
 Groves, George Norton, John 
 
 Hancer, Christopher Pattinson, Jonathan 
 Hedling, William Pettefar Robert 
 Hunt, Thomas Pratt, George 
 
 Hutchinson, Francis Paddison, William 
 
512 
 
 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Portwood, John 
 Rushton, William 
 Seymour, Richard 
 Smith, Joseph 
 Smalley, Joseph 
 
 Sharp, Edward Wright, Joseph 
 
 Seals, Thomas Worley, Nathanael 
 
 Stareley, William Wood, Samuel 
 Thompson, William Wiseman, Matthew 
 Taylor George Wheatcroft, Samuel 
 
 FOURTH BATTALION COMPANY, 
 
 Thomas Stansall, . , , 
 William Fillingham, 
 William Readitt, . . , 
 
 Captain, 
 
 1st Lieutenant, 
 
 2d Lieutenant. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 William Rose, William Simnitt, Benjamin Edmondson, 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Joseph Cropper, Thomas Wright, John Wright. 
 Drummer, William Room. Fif'er, James Sheppard. 
 
 Arnold, George 
 Bridges, James 
 Bollan, William 
 Berry, William 
 Barker, John 
 Bramwell, Edward 
 Crowder, Joshua 
 Cousins, William 
 Cutts, Charles 
 Crowe, Edward 
 Cottam, William 
 Dufton, Thomas 
 Dixon, John 
 Dixon, John 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Gough, Thomas 
 Gearey, Joseph 
 Hales, Edward 
 Hoose, Henry 
 Hall, George 
 Hardy Samuel 
 Jackson, John 
 J ohnson, Joseph 
 King, Thomas 
 King, Frederick 
 Lupton, Nathaniel 
 Lampin, Thomas 
 Line, William 
 Lacey, George 
 
 Edmunson Johnitarat/iViarshall, Thomas 
 
 Ellors, Thomas 
 Fenton, Richard 
 Fletcher, William 
 Fullalove, Richard 
 Fletcher, Richard 
 Girton, Alexander 
 Gearey, Thomas 
 
 Mabbott, William 
 M ore, Thomas 
 Moss, Thomas 
 Oliver, John 
 Pawson, John 
 Pacey, John 
 Parkes, William 
 
 Pacey, Thomas 
 Priest, William 
 Reek, Thomas 
 Roome, William 
 Roberts, William 
 Robinson, William 
 Robinson, John 
 Simnitt, John 
 Simnitt, Joseph 
 Stimson, William 
 Sanderson, Thomas 
 Scatliffe, George 
 Tailford, Daniel 
 Thompson, Francis 
 Ward, John 
 Wilson, John 
 Wood, Thomas 
 Whitely, George 
 Ward, William 
 Young, William 
 
VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 513 
 
 FIFTH BATTALION COMPANY 
 
 John Jalland, 
 Thomas Becket, 
 John Suduury, 
 
 Captain. 
 \»t Lieutenant. 
 2d Lieutenant. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Richard Sedwell, William Duke, James Nicholl. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Francis Bennett, Francis Stubbing, Richard Bell. 
 Drummer, Richard Stinson. Fifer. William Wilkinson. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 Fell, Joseph Pilgrim, John 
 
 Fletcher, Hen. Ba?idPeet, Alexander 
 
 Aram, George 
 Astling, David 
 Anderson, William 
 Burrows, Thomas 
 Bailey, lohn 
 Butler, Paul 
 Bonner, William 
 Broooks, William 
 Burton, Edward, 
 Bonner, Daniel 
 Barnet, Thomas 
 Chapman, Thomas 
 Crowe, John 
 Cawkwell, Ki chard 
 Callis, John 
 Calcroft, John 
 Cooper, John 
 Chapman, Francis 
 Dufty, George 
 Egglestone, Francis 
 Edgley, William 
 Footitt, William 
 
 Groves, Thomas 
 Gardner, George 
 Harwood, John 
 Harvey, John 
 Hatton, James 
 Hales, Henry 
 Holmes. Samuel 
 Harston, George 
 Hibbert, Thomas 
 Hardy, Thomas 
 Henfry, Thomas 
 Liggin, Henry 
 Linney, Thomas 
 Lawson, John 
 Morris, Thomas 
 Moss, Thomas 
 Marshall, Richard 
 Monk, John 
 Morris, Robert 
 Porter, John 
 
 Randall, William 
 Rhodes, Richard 
 Rippiner, John 
 Kiley, John 
 Straps, John 
 Sadler, Thomas 
 Smith, Samuel 
 Taylor, Francis 
 Tate, Henry 
 Vaughan, Robert 
 Walker, John 
 Waddngton, John 
 Wynne, Thomas 
 Wilson, James 
 Wilson, Kirby 
 Wallis, Gude 
 Willers, Robert 
 Worthinii'tou, Geo. 
 
 SIXTH BATTALION COMPANY. 
 
 John Spragging Godfrey, Captain. 
 
 John Youle, 1st Lieutenant. 
 
 Thomas Caparn, Jun 2d Lieutenant. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 William Lang, George Mackenzie, Thomas Emison. 
 
514 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 William Holland, Stephen Cook, William Cruse. 
 Drummer, William Saltonstall. Fifer, Joseph Houseley. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Antliff, William Groves, John Newton, Joseph 
 
 Ash, John Glover, William Ordoyno, Thomas 
 
 Askew, John Hind, Robert Pacey, Joseph 
 
 Birkitt, William Houseley, Geo. ifcm^Parnham, John 
 
 Bradley, Samuel Hunt. Richard Pearson, John 
 
 Bower, William Holmes, William Ringrose, William 
 
 Bell, Thomas Hatfield, William Rippingale, Wm. 
 
 Burrows, George Hutchinson, Thos. Read, William 
 
 Bramley, Matthew Hatter, Robert Robinson, Thomas 
 
 Boothwright, Thos. Hardy, Robert Scales, George 
 
 Booth, Abraham Hardy, Thos. Band Sutton, Edward 
 
 Barnsdale, Augustus Johnson, William Spencer , Robert 
 
 Cawthorn, James Jackson, Richard Stennett, Joseph 
 
 Coxon, John Killingley, Robert Skinner, Henry 
 
 Cowlishaw, John Kane, James Speed, John 
 
 Crow, Joseph Lynn, Richard Tory, John 
 
 Cobley, Thomas Lant, Ishmael Tomisman, Thomas 
 
 Durance, James Marshall, John Wardley, John 
 
 Elvidge, Edmund Marshall, George Wilson, Thomas 
 
 Egglestone, William Mayfield, John, Weston, William 
 Egglestone, Joseph Mackenzie, Kenneth Wilson, John 
 Fletcher, William Morley, John 
 Fisher John Mark well, Thomas — 
 
 t» 
 
 The Newark Volunteers were marched to 
 Retford, on permanent duty for 14 days in 
 1804, to the same place in 1805, to Lincoln in 
 1807, and to Mansfield in 1808. 
 
515 
 
 HERCULES CLAY. 
 
 This person was a member of the bod) 
 corporate, and resided in the Market-place > 
 Vid. Market-place P. 499. 
 
 During the second siege of Newark, a 
 particular providence seems to have interposed 
 between Mr. Clay and apparently inevitable 
 destruction. * In gratitude for such singular 
 deliverance, he bequeathed the following do- 
 nations. 
 
 Throsby, in his continuation of Thoroton, 
 gives the following extract from his Will. — 
 
 " In the name of God, amen. I Hercules 
 Clay, of Newark, Mercer, give the sum of 
 one hundred pounds, to be put into the hands 5 
 and the interest thereof to be disposed of by 
 the Mayor and Aldermen of Newark, with the 
 consent of the Vicar, to the best benefit and 
 
 * Vid. Page /8. 
 
516 HERCULES CLAY. 
 
 behoof of such Vicar, and to continue to them 
 successively for ever; to be paid to him or 
 them upon the 11th of March; provided there 
 be a Sermon preached in the Church there, 
 by the Vicar, if he be able, or else by some 
 able Minister. And I desire them in their 
 Sermons to exhort the people, not to set their 
 affections on things of this world ; but by their 
 good works to lay a foundation for themselves, 
 that so they may take hold on eternal life. 
 
 I do likewise give unto the Poor of Newark 
 one hundred pounds, to be put forth by the 
 Mayor and Aldermen, with the consent of the 
 Vicar, for the advantage of the said Poor, the 
 interest of which shall be paid upon the 1 1th 
 day of March yearly, in Bread or Money, at 
 the discretion of the Vicar and Churchwardens.* 
 And my Will is, that the said two hundred 
 pounds shall be paid by my Executors, or se- 
 curity given for it, within one month after my 
 death. And I heartily beseech Almighty God 
 to bless them, as I freely give it, and those 
 persons I put in trust, with this my Charity, 
 I desire the Lord may deal with them accord- 
 ing* to their case/' 
 
517 
 
 A TABLE OF 
 
 COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES, 
 
 During the Civil War^ 
 SUPPOSED TO BE DRAWN UP BY THE SAID 
 
 i^ercuteg €Iap, 
 
 AND OCCASIONALLY CONTINUED BY HIS DESCENDANTS. 
 
 »e@e< 
 
 Jan. 1, 1642. Hotham the younger, par- 
 ticularly exerted himself, in gaining the bat- 
 tle of Bramham Moor, by the parliamentary 
 army under Fairfax. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1644. Hotham the younger, be- 
 headed on Tower Hill, by order of the same 
 Parliament, in whose support he had become 
 a traitor. 
 
 Jan. 3, 1641. Charles I, went in person 
 to demand the five obnoxious members, Wil- 
 liam Stroud, John Pym, John Hampden, Sir 
 Arthur Haslerig, and Dcnzill Hollis, thereby 
 violating the rights of the people, and insult- 
 ing the dignity of their representatives. 
 
518 COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 
 
 Jan. 3, 1648. The House of Commons 
 passed a vote for bringing Charles to trial. 
 
 Jan. 3, 1670. Died George Monck, then 
 Earl of Albemarle, the time serving betray- 
 er of both parties.* 
 
 Jan. 25. The parliamentary army under 
 Fairfax, took Monck prisoner at the battle of 
 Namptwich. 
 
 Jan. 25, 1659. The same Monck signed 
 an order to Parliament for the evacuation of 
 the city of London, by their troops, in order to 
 make way for his army ; the intent of which 
 was to depose that very Parliament, and restore 
 the family of that King whom they had be- 
 headed. 
 
 * That Cromwell, was aware of Monck's designs te 
 evident, from a letter he addressed to him in Scotland, only 
 a short time before his death. The body of the epistle con- 
 tained nothing more than some general matters relating to 
 the government; but in his usual jocose manner, he subjoin- 
 ed by way of postscript, that which in fact was his principal 
 motive for writing. "There be that tell me, that there is a 
 certain cunning- fellow in Scotland called George Monck, 
 who is said to lie in wait there to indroduce Charles Stuart , 
 I pray use your diligence to apprehend him, and send him up 
 to me." Vid. Ludlow's Memoirs. 
 
COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 519 
 
 Jan. 30. 1641. The charges against the 
 Earl of Strafford first read in the House of 
 Commons. 
 
 Jan. 30, 1647. The Scotch deliver the 
 King up to the English Parliament (for value 
 received. See page 115.) 
 
 Jan. 30, 1648. Charles I, beheaded. 
 
 Feb. 9, 1642. The first money levied by 
 the city of London for the use of the Parlia- 
 ment, against the King. 
 
 Feb. 9, 1659. Monck, by order of Parlia- 
 ment, caused the city gates to be taken down, 
 and the citizens to be treated with every spe- 
 cies of indignity. 
 
 Mar. 9, 1643. The King's general of horse, 
 Lord Holland, betrayed his master and joined 
 the Parliament. 
 
 Mar. 9, 1648. The same Lord Holland 
 beheaded in Palace Yard, by order of the same 
 Parliament. 
 
 April 20, 1654. General Lambert advised 
 Oliver Cromwell to assume the title of King, 
 and dissolve the Parliament. 
 
 April 20, 1659. Lambert proclaimed a 
 traitor by the Parlia)ncnt. 
 
520 COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 
 
 
 April 28, 1647. The Agitators of the army 
 held their first meeting to adopt a mode of 
 gaining possession of the King's person. 
 
 April 28, 1649. The Parliament passed a 
 vote for taking the Agitators into custody. 
 
 May 2, 1643. The Queen voted an enemy 
 to the Nation, by the Parliament. 
 
 May 2, 1660. Her son Charles II. pre- 
 sented with the Votes of Parliament for his 
 restoration. 
 
 May 10, 1641. Charles passed the bill of 
 attainder against Strafford, thereby forfeiting 
 his promise, and deserting his best friend. 
 
 May 10, 1646. The Scotch carried away 
 the King from before Newark, broke all their 
 promises to him, deserted and sold him to his 
 executioners. ' 
 
 May 12, 1641. Strafford beheaded, which 
 act, burthened the conscience of Charles 
 during the remainder of his life. 
 
 May 12, 1646. Southwell palace, which 
 had frequently lodged Charles, dismantled by 
 order of Parliament. 
 
 May 25, 1659. The Parliament deposed 
 Richard Cromwell, and voted a House of 
 Lords useless. 
 
COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 521 
 
 May 25, 1660. Charles II. landed, for 
 the purpose of restoring the House of Lords, 
 and the government of a single person. 
 
 June 13, 1625. United Charles to Henri- 
 etta of France, from whose counsels were, 
 probably, attributed most of his misfortunes. 
 
 June 13, 1642. Charles I. signed the 
 commissions for levying forces to act against 
 his Parliament. 
 
 June 13, 16-15. The fate of the royal cause 
 ultimately determined, by the loss of the 
 bloody battle of Naseby. 
 
 July 12, 1642. Charles' first declaration 
 published at York. 
 
 July 12, 1642# The army to be command- 
 ed by the Earl of Essex, voted by Parliament. 
 
 July 12, 1643. Colonel Charles Cavendish, 
 the favorite of Charles and Henrietta, killed 
 in a skirmish with Cromwell, near Gainsboro*. 
 
 July 12, 1644. The Marquis of Newcastle, 
 the last hope of the royal cause, quitted the 
 kingdom, after the fatal battle of Marsten 
 Moor. 
 
 Aug. 6, 1641. The Parliament voted the 
 items of the Army to serve against the King. 
 
522 COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 
 
 Aug. 6, 1648. The Parliament turned 
 out of doors by Cromwell and the Army. 
 
 Aug. 17, 1636. Charles passed the-Act 
 for abolishing episcopacy in Scotland. 
 
 Aug. 17, 1637. The famous Covenant 
 passed the general assembly in Scotland, which 
 laid the foundation of those events, which ul- 
 timately brought Charles to the Scaffold. 
 
 Aug. 17 5 1642. Charles came to New- 
 ark, in his way to raise his standard at Not- 
 tingham, here he concerted his future plans of 
 operation, here was his most signal disgrace, 
 and surrender of his person to his enemies. 
 
 Aug. 18, 1642. Charles received the 
 Queen's approbation of his first proclamation 
 for raising forces in the County of Nottingham. 
 
 Aug. 18, 1669. Queen Henrietta died in 
 France. 
 
 Sep. 3, 1644. Oliver Cromwell first brought 
 into notice by the defeat and surrender of 
 General Skippen at Foy, (Fowey) in Cornwall. 
 
 Sep. 3, 1650. Oliver Cromwell defeated 
 the Scots at Daribar. 
 
 Sep. 3, 1651. Oliver Cromwell defeated 
 Charles II. at Worcester. 
 
COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 523 
 
 Sep. 3, 1654. Oliver Cromwell summoned 
 a Parliament in order to substantiate his 
 authority. 
 
 Sep. 3, 1658. Oliver Cromwell died at 
 Whitehall* 
 
 * Much stress was laid, through the virulence of party, 
 by the Cavaliers, on a violent tempest which happened on 
 the day that Cromwell died ; they charitably dubbing it the 
 vehicle which conveyed his soul to the devil. But the truth 
 is, the whole week had been remarkably stormy for Ludlow 
 in his Memoirs says. " At this time I was in the County of 
 Essex and according to a former resolution I had taken, 
 went to London to attend my father tOldsworth, and to 
 bring him into the country, whither he designed to come 
 with my mother Ludlow. On the Monday afternoon I set 
 forward on my journey, the morning proving so tempestuous 
 that the horses were not able to draw against itj so that I 
 could reach no further than Epping that night." Cromwell 
 did not die till the Friday following. But the complete com- 
 plexion of those times is not more amply shewn, than in 
 Bulstrode's Memoirs, P. 216, on closing the character of 
 Cromwell. "Yet, after all his greatness both at home and 
 abroad, some things happened before his end, which much 
 disturbed him; not only the frequent plots against his 
 person, but the coming up of a monstrous whale, in the fresh 
 water y contrary to the nature of that fishy as far as Green- 
 i/ich, where it was taken, and believed by many to port 'end 
 some great alteration in the Commonwealth* But thi c did 
 not >o much trouble the Protector as the death of h»« dear 
 
 i i 2 
 
524 COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 
 
 Oct. 13, 1654. The Parliament passed an 
 act for recognizing Cromwell as Protector. 
 
 Oct. 13, 1659. General Lambert dismissed 
 the Parliament, and established the authority 
 of the Army. 
 
 Oct. 23, 1621. The unfortunate expedition 
 to Spain set sail. 
 
 Oct. 23, 1641. The rebellion broke out in 
 Ireland. 
 
 Oct. 23, 1642. The battle of Edge-hill was 
 fought, which rendered the breach between 
 the King and his Parliament irreparable. 
 
 daughter Claypole, who died in the beginning of August, 
 1658. He had settled his greatest affections on this daugh- 
 ter, from the time of whose death he appeared very mel- 
 ancholy, and fell sick about the middle of August; but his 
 sickness being only an ague, there were no apprehensions 
 of his death ; and he declared publicly to his physicians, and 
 many others, " that God would not take him away, tilt he 
 had done some more work for him." 
 
 " But it soon appeared, that if God did not, the Devil did 
 take him; for he died on the third of September following; 
 a day that had been so fortunate to him proved his last ia 
 the world j and such a tempest accompanied hi& death, that 
 night, as was not seen in ttie memory oi man. I he Prince 
 of the air showed his power teas above the Protector's, who 
 thought not fit that he should pass quietly out of the world, 
 who had made such a combustion, trouble and misery in it." 
 
COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 525 
 
 Dec. 15, 1636. Archbishop Laud ordered 
 the Common Prayer Book to be printed and 
 imposed on the Scots, notwithstanding their 
 remonstrances. 
 
 Dec. 15, 1640. Archbishop Laud impeach- 
 ed of high treason. 
 
 It is not less worthy of remark, that in 
 Chaldgrave field, where Mr. Hampden first 
 executed the militia ordinance, he was him 
 self, killed by the troops under Prince Rupert 
 some years after. 
 
 The battle of Edge-hill was the place 
 where Charles first spilled the blood of his 
 subjects iu battle. Here, after the commence- 
 ment of the war he first met his Queen and 
 her favorite Colonel Cavendish. Here he lost 
 his best friends and most experienced Generals; 
 and here he delivered himself up to that vio- 
 lent counsel which terminated in his ruin. 
 
 Newark, where the determination was 
 first made to erect the royal Standard at Not- 
 tingham, became, in time, the place of the 
 
 g*s captivity and the triu is enemies. 
 
526 COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 
 
 Southwell, continues the said Hercules 
 Clay, was the place where most of the King's 
 violent counsels were brought to maturity \* 
 and that very place was, afterwards, the 
 residence of his bitterest enemies, the Scotch, 
 who came there for the purpose of accepting 
 his surrender." 
 
 * Wherefore Southwell? This seems to have been a 
 most illiberal remark ; the more especially as coming from 
 so staunch a loyalist as Hercules Clay. Why stigmatize 
 the town or its inhabitants, with whom Charles does not 
 seem to have had the least intercourse; excepting Lee the 
 round head Cobbler, and he certainly could not assist in 
 bringing any thing to maturity, as he would not even make 
 him a pair of shoes. This monarch has been frequently 
 taxed with being the dupe of evil counsellors ; but whom 
 could they have been at Southwell ? Not the Clergy, for 
 they probably were fled; and were they not, the present 
 state of the place, if arguing by analogy be allowable, for- 
 bids admission of a thought so derogatory to that respectable 
 body. But the reader will do well to bear in mind that 
 Hercules Clay was a dreamer. 
 
527 
 
 OKDINATION CONCERNING 
 
 THE VICARAGE OF NEWARK. 
 
 To all the sons of the Holy Church about 
 to view these letters. John, by divine per- 
 mission, Archbishop of York, primate of 
 England and Legate of the apostolic s 
 health, in the embraces of the Saviour. 
 
 Know, all of you, that whereas the parish 
 of Newark, in our diocese with its rights 
 and appurtenances hath been from formerly 
 incorporated, annexed, united and appropria- 
 ted to all the religious men, the Prior and 
 Convent of the house or priory of Saint Katha- 
 rine without the walls of Lincoln, of the order 
 of Saint Gilbert and the successors of them. 
 And the profit thereof it was and hath been 
 lawful to be taken by them. Of which Brother- 
 hood, Prior and Convent a Vicar hath always, 
 
528 ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. 
 
 unto these presents, been lawfully instituted 
 and inducted to the same Church, who ought 
 to exercise the care of the souls of the said 
 parishioners of the same Church and laudably 
 to do service in divine matters in the same 
 Church. And to which Vicar and his succes- 
 sors in the Vicarage aforesaid, were assigned a 
 fit portion of the profits, rents and dues of the 
 same Church, to be taken according to the 
 direction of the Holy Canons 
 
 We, being mindful that amongst other 
 parish Churches of our Diocese, the Church 
 aforesaid, being one of the larger, and jon 
 which a greater care of souls depends and 
 impends, do Will, according to the ordinances 
 of the statutes and canons, that on that account 
 the Vicar of the same 7 Church, who now is and 
 who for the time being may be, shall be pro- 
 vided with a competent stipend for his own 
 maintenance and for the support of whatever 
 expenses are incumbent upon him. To be 
 taken by diligent inquisition concerning the 
 value of the things. But, a portion of the 
 annual profits, rents and dues to the said 
 
ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE- 529 
 
 Church of Newark belonging or appertaining 
 and called the first fruits aiul by whatsoever 
 rights the same are accustomed to arise* and 
 be due by all in this part; by the express direc- 
 tion and consent of the Prior and Vicars afore- 
 said. We order, are to be dedicated to the 
 use of that religious man H alter Iklingham> 
 Prior of the House or Convent of Saint Katha- 
 rine aforesaid and to the Brother Nicholas 
 Feriby now Vicar of the same Church for a 
 lawful and reasonable profit to the said Vicar. 
 By whom the Vicar and his successors are to 
 be appointed and what expenses are to be 
 borne by the same We now proceed to set out 
 as follows. 
 
 In the first place, We order and decree, 
 that in the Church aforesaid there may be and 
 
 m 
 
 is and at all times in future there continually 
 ought to be a perpetual Vicar for the care ot 
 souls, fit and proper for the duty and practice 
 of that care appointed by the Prior and Con- 
 vent of the Priory of Saint Katharine and his 
 successors, to be presented to us and our suc- 
 cessors in the Archbishoprick of York, who 
 
530 ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. 
 
 for the time being shall be in occupation of 
 the seat. And the seat being vacant, to the 
 Dean and Chapter of our Church of York. 
 And to be admitted and inducted according to 
 the said Canons by us and our successors, 
 the chair being occupied and it being vacant 
 by the said Dean and Chapter or the Dean 
 being absent, by the Chapter, Which Vicar 
 shall bear, have and exercise the care of the 
 souls of the parishioners of the Church New- 
 ark, and he shall personally reside in the 
 same parish. 
 
 We likewise appoint and ordain that the 
 said present Vicar and each of his successors 
 shall have for his own habitation, the house or 
 place of his aforesaid Vicarage, with all its 
 buildings and the garden adjoining and to the 
 same belonging, which house or place of 
 residence the said present Vicar now occupies 
 and which is to be repaired and at all times 
 maintained at the costs of the said Vicar for the 
 time being and his successors. 
 
 Except the principal chamber on the west 
 
ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. ^31 
 
 side of the Hall of the said habitation, wit two 
 chambers to the said principal chamber annex- 
 ed together with a Stable and Repository for the 
 tenths. And also two granaries, of which, one 
 roofed with lead is situated on the north side of 
 the said parish Church, and the other situated 
 contiguous to the north gate of the said man- 
 sion. And also with the houses and tenements 
 without the aforesaid gate. All which build- 
 ings, &c. We reserve for the use, utility and 
 advantage of the said Prior and Convent afore- 
 said ; the whole to be for ever kept up and 
 repaired at the costs and expenses of the said 
 Prior and Convent. 
 
 Also, we decree and ordain, that the said 
 present Vicar and his successors shall have 
 and receive all obventions which shall arise 
 within thejurisdiction of the said parish Church 
 of Newark or of whatsoever kind shall arise 
 in future. Also all mortuaries whatsoever. 
 And also the tenths of all youngyft to be eaten. 
 Also of the fowls, of the goats, of the cocks, of 
 the pasturage, of the doves, of the lambs, of Che 
 bees, of the honey and wax, of the hemp, jhix % 
 
532 ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. 
 
 mills, fisheries, and other tenths and obventions. 
 And all dues to the said Church and all emolu- 
 ments whatsoever to the same Church belong- 
 ing. All Lands of the same Church with the 
 tenths arising from the same. And all the 
 tenths of hay, wool, and land, within the bounds 
 and limits of the same parish wherever now 
 due or to become due; Except only, such 
 lands and tenths so excepted as we decree 
 ought to belong, for ever, to the Prior and 
 Convent of the Priory of Saint Katharine afore- 
 said. Moreover we will and ordain that the 
 aforesaid Vicar who now is and all his succes- 
 sors for the time being shall pay or cause pay- 
 ment to be made to the before mentioned 
 Prior and Convent twenty marks yearly on the 
 feast of Easter or within one month then next 
 immediately ensuing. For which payment 
 well and faithfully to be made, we will and 
 ordain, that the said Nicholas the present 
 Vicar, within six days next after the day of the 
 date of these presents, and his successors on 
 their admission, to bound by the bond of an 
 oath, and also under the penalties of suspen- 
 sion from divine matters and sequestration of 
 
ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. 533 
 
 the profits belonging to the Vicar. Which 
 penalties, the Vicar or Vicars, not making 
 payment, shall incur by such omission we will 
 in no wise to be relaxed until the Prior and 
 Convent aforesaid shall be fully satisfied for 
 such payment and their damages and expenses 
 on that account. We furthermore ordain that 
 all ordinary and extraordinary burdens in any 
 wise belonging to the said Church of Newark 
 aforesaid, are to be borne by the said Vicar and 
 his successors; except the expense of repairing 
 the chancel and of the payment of the tenth or 
 tenths or any other part of the same to the 
 King already granted or hereafter to be granted, 
 Which burdens we will and decree that the 
 said Prior and Convent and their successors do 
 acknowledge and bear. Also, that when the 
 before mentioned Prior and Convent shall be 
 commanded by virtue of a decree, made before 
 this, to ordain or depute any Brother of the 
 said Prior to celebrate the mass of the Blessed 
 Virgin in the parish Church of Newark afore- 
 said, at the express consent of the Prior, Con- 
 vent and Vicar aforesaid : We order and decree 
 that whatsoever Brother of this Order appoint- 
 
534 ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. 
 
 ed or at all times hereafter to be appointed to 
 celebrate such mass, according as leave is given, 
 he shall have a chamber, meat and drink for 
 himself fit for his dignity at the costs of such 
 Vicar for the time being; but all other things 
 necessary for the said Brother, the said Prior 
 and Convent and their successors shall be at 
 the expense of, as before this between the said 
 Prior and Convent and the Brother of the said 
 Order appointed or to be appointed for the 
 celebration of the said mass, they may be agreed 
 to be fit for the services aforesaid. Neverthe- 
 less we declare, decree and ordain, a stipend 
 for the honourable and sufficient maintenance 
 of the Vicar now incumbent and his successors 
 and fit and competent for the support of the 
 expenses of the incumbent payments imposed 
 upon and assigned to them. And, we will and 
 do judicially pronounce, that the aforesaid 
 decree, of us ratified and confirmed in every 
 respect, be observed and kept for ever by these 
 presents; saving always, all things by law and 
 custom belonging to us of our Church of York, 
 In Witness whereof, &c. 
 
ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. 535 
 
 Given at our Palace at Suthwell, (South- 
 well) the last day of the month of September, 
 in the year of our Lord one thousand four 
 hundred and twenty eight and of our transla- 
 tion the fourth. 
 
536 
 DISSENTING CHAPELS, 
 
 public 3Ntitiitton& 
 
 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT, &c. 
 
 CHAPELS. 
 
 The Wesley an Methodist's, . .Baldertongate. 
 
 The Baptist's, Hawton Lane. 
 
 The Johnsonian's, Lombard-street. 
 
 Jehovah J ireh, Portland-street, 
 
 ASSOCIATED SCHOOLS. 
 
 The philanthropic system so generally 
 adopted, at the close of the last century, in 
 different parts of the kingdom, for the educa- 
 tion of the children of the poor, met with 
 warm support in Newark, and Sunday School* 
 were established by subscription. These were 
 continued under the management of a com- 
 mittee, from whiqh visitors were appointed, 
 
ASSOCIATED SCHOOLS 537 
 
 till the year 1810 ; when it appeared to be the 
 general opinion that more benefit would acrue 
 from the children attending daily. A liberal 
 subscription was advanced for this purpose, 
 and schools were established for about 100 
 boys, and the same number of female children, 
 belonging to such of the inhabitants of the 
 town as were supposed incapable of paying for 
 their education. These were instructed on a 
 system in some degree similar to that of the 
 celebrated Di\ Bell. The boys were taught 
 reading and writing, and the females reading, 
 knitting, and sewing ; the annual subscription 
 was repeated three or four times, after which 
 period, the trustees of the different estates 
 bequeathed for the good weal of the town, con- 
 descendingly agreed to apply a part of the 
 surplus arising therefrom, to the future sup- 
 port of these benevolent institutions. The 
 pupils have, hitherto, been taught in places 
 rented for the purpose, and that appropriated 
 to the Boys has generally been considered too 
 small, particularly in the summer season. 
 Meetings have been held to adopt measures 
 equal to the remedying this inconvenience bj 
 
 M M 
 
538 ASSOCIATED SCHOOLS. 
 
 building two schools adjoining each other, 
 sufficiently large and commodious, and it is 
 understood, that a sum of money has been 
 placed in the hands of a Member of the 
 Corporation towards defraying the expense. 
 It is sincerely to be hoped much time will 
 not elapse before this most desirable object is 
 carried into execution. 
 
539 
 
 BANKS 
 
 >e#e««~ 
 
 Of these useful institutions, in the absence 
 of specie, there are two in Newark, one un- 
 der the firm of Messrs. Godfrey and Hutton, 
 situate in the Market-place ; who draw upon 
 Messrs. Barclay, Tritton, Bevan, & Co. London. 
 And the other Messrs. Handley's, Peacock, 
 Kirton and Handley, in Castlegate ; who draw 
 upon Messrs. Hoare, Barnetts, Hoare, & Co, 
 London ; both are of the utmost respectability, 
 and looked up to by the public with esteem 
 and confidence. 
 
 M 31 2 
 
540 
 
 INCREASE 
 
 OF 
 
 COMMERCE IN NEWARK, 
 
 It may not be thought unworthy of atten- 
 tion, to notice and trace the extraordinary 
 progress which the staple commodities of corn, 
 malt, and flour, have made in this place. 
 Fifty years since, there were only four wind- 
 mills on Beacon-hill, and one in Balderton 
 Field, consisting of two pairs of stones each, 
 together with the Water Mill on a very small 
 scale, these comprised the whole in the vici- 
 nity of Newark ; whereas at this time, there 
 are sixteen wind-mills within the distance of a 
 mile from the town ; the large water-mill built 
 on the site of the ancient one, and occupied by 
 Messrs. Marshall and Franke, containing seven 
 pairs of stones, which are worked day and 
 night, Sundays excepted; a large wind-mill 
 in Farndon liberty, of four pairs of stones; 
 
INCREASE OF COMMERCE. 541 
 
 another contiguous to it worked by a steam 
 engine, and one in Lombard-street, used for 
 the purposes of grinding corn, and also bones 
 for manure. 
 
 The malting business is supposed to have 
 increased in about the same, if not in a greater 
 proportion ; is evident by the number and ex- 
 traordinary size of some of the kilns. 
 
 But it must not be imagined that nearly the 
 whole of this quantity of malt made here is 
 consumed in the town or neighbourhood, al- 
 though no inconsiderable portion is converted, 
 by the inhabitants, into their favorite beverage, 
 fine Nottinghamshire ale, yet a far greater part 
 is conveyed up the Trent into Lancashire, 
 Cheshire, and Staffordshire. 
 
 In order to give some idea of the business 
 transacted on the River Trent, the following 
 statement is inserted. 
 
542 INCREASE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 Tonnage of Goods delivered and Loaded at 
 Newark. 
 
 In 1810, 43,081 tons. 
 
 1813, ....45,296 
 
 1816, 42,553 
 
 1818, 50,173 
 
 Number of boats wbich passed the lock : 
 
 In 1812, 4,800 
 
 1813, 5,384 
 
 1814, 5//30 
 
 1815, 6,200 
 
 1816, 5,176 
 
 1817, 5,164 
 
 1818, 6,650 
 
 BREWERY IN NORTH-GATE. 
 
 A very extensive concern, in this line, the 
 property of Messrs. Handley, has been many 
 years established. During the reign of the 
 Empress Catharine, the trade to Russia was 
 extensive, as she was extremely partial to stout 
 humming liquor. 
 
543 
 
 THE THEATRE. 
 
 »§@9««» 
 
 This is a plain neat building, situate in 
 Middlegate, it was erected about the year 
 1774, by Job B rough, Esq. The company of 
 comedians under the management of Mr. T\ 
 Robertson, which takes the circuit of Gran- 
 tham, Boston, Lincoln. &c. performs here 
 about six weeks in November and December. 
 The theatre is now the property of the Reverend 
 Dr. Fines, and the Reverend Dr. Staunton, 
 to whom it descended in right of their wives, 
 daughters of the original proprietor. 
 
544 
 
 THE OLD BOWLING GREEN 
 
 This place of public amusement, is of con- 
 siderable standing, it occupies the greater 
 part of the ground within the ruined walls of 
 the venerable Castle. Now, instead of the 
 dungeon echoing with captive sufferings under 
 the iron thraldom of feudal tyranny, the 
 shriek of helpless innocence grasped by the 
 arm of ruffian violence, the clashing of arms, 
 the neighing of steeds, and the thunder of ar- 
 tillery, are heard, gay hilarity, and harmless 
 pastime. Two rooms are neatly fitted up, in 
 the western tower, for the purposes of shelter 
 in a storm, and, occasionally, the enjoyment 
 of cards. 
 
545 
 
 THE NEW BOWLING GREEN. 
 
 In the year 1809, a part of the premises at 
 the back of the Castle and Falcon Inn, were 
 appropriated to this purpose. The ground is 
 beautifully laid out, the Green being sur- 
 rounded by a terrace excellently gravelled, and 
 bordered by evergreens, interspersed with 
 flowers. The south front of the greenkeeper's 
 house is gothicized with much taste, having a 
 piazza below and spacious balcony above. On 
 the frize is this inscription, in boldly raised 
 Roman, " let no man be biassed/' alluding 
 to the practice of admitting members only by 
 ballot. There is also a card-room on the 
 chamber story, and upon the whole, the place 
 is excellently calculated for the relaxation of 
 an hour. 
 
546 
 
 HALING-PATH BRIDGE. 
 
 The ancient and extensive wooden bridge, 
 over a branch of the river, near to the large 
 water-mill, being deemed dangerous for the 
 passage of horses; a new one of Stone was 
 erected in the year 1819, by the Newark 
 Navigation Company ; it consists of five seg- 
 mental arches, the span of each fourteen feet, 
 consequently, with the piers and abutments, 
 the length is very considerable, but from the 
 perpendicularity of its ramparts, in contradis- 
 tinction to the splayed ones of the old bridge, 
 the road way appears confined. On the key 
 stone of the central arch, is the following 
 hieroglyphical inscription, within the date in 
 a curve. 
 
 N, 
 
 N' G. 
 
 It must be observed, this was the act and deed 
 
547 
 
 of the working mason, it is supposed to mean 
 Newark Navigation Company, and as the 
 Bridge from its firmness, bids fair to brave the 
 storm of many centuries, there may perhaps, 
 in some future day, be volumes written on the 
 three cabalistic characters. 
 
 BROWN'S TOMB, 
 
 >e^e« 
 
 Thk Tomb of this generous benefactor to 
 the town of Newark, who died in the year 
 1532, was, in the spring of 1819, removed to 
 the belfry, the place to whence Phillipott's 
 Effigies had been consigned. 
 
 Magnus was interred at Selsey, in 
 Yorkshire. 
 
548 
 PROPERTY TAX 
 
 ASSESSED UPON THE TOWN AND PARISH OP NEWARK, 
 
 1815. 
 Real Property, £. 26,418. 
 
 ASSESSED TAXES. 
 
 i€. s. d. 
 Amount ending Lady-day, 1818, 5,027 5 5 
 
 FINIS. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Aldermen, previous to the Mayorality in Newark, list of 443. 
 
 Aldermen, the present ones, 449. 
 
 Alexander Bishop of Lincoln, founder of Newark Castle, 33. 
 
 Sent as a prisoner there, 37. Surrenders that Castle and 
 
 Sleaford to Stephen, ibid. 
 Articles of consumption, price of several at Newark in 
 
 1818, 503. 
 Assembly room, 369. 
 Associated Schools, 536. 
 Atkinson, Alderman, 126. 
 Atkinson, family of, 226. 
 Audley, 263. 
 
 Baker Sir Richard, 65. 
 
 Ballard, his conduct, 59. 
 
 Banks, 539. 
 
 Basilicon Doron, 47. 
 
 Bead house, 333. Endowment of, 335. First Beadmen, 
 
 338. Caution extraordinary, 353. Present state of, 360. 
 Beaumond Cross , 254. 
 Bellasis, Lord, Governor of Newark, 99, 
 Bethell William, his Donation, 378. 
 Biron Sir Richard, Governor of Newark, 72, 93, 94. 
 
 displaced, 99. 
 Boats, 542. 
 
 Bowling Green old, 544. 
 Bowling Green new, 545. 
 Brady Dr. 440. 
 Brewery, 542. 
 
 Bribe for good behaviour, 393. 
 Bridge, new one, 546. 
 Brown Robert, his Donation, 321 to 330. His Estates 
 
 conveyed to the Corporation, 329. Tomb removed, 547. 
 Bulstrode, 523. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Cannon ball perforates the Spire of Newark Church, 79. 
 
 Caring Sunday, explanation of, 31. 
 
 Castle, Newark of, erected by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln, 
 33, Besieged by the Barons in the reign of John, 37. 
 Constable of, his fees, &c. 46. Surrendered to Henry 
 VIII. 46. To the Covenanters, 49. Dismantled by order 
 of Parliament, ibid. Present state of, 145. Situate in 
 the Parish of Stoke, 170. 
 
 Castles, number of, temp. Henry II. 34. Very nests of 
 Devils and dens of Thieves, ! 10. 
 
 Cavalry, Newark Troop of, 504. 
 
 Cavendish Charles, 120, 147, 150. 
 
 Caxton, 43. 
 
 Chambers, family of, 212. 
 
 Chancery suit instituted, 304. Origin of, 353. 
 
 Chapels, 536. 
 
 Chapman, his Donation, 379. 
 
 Charitable Donations, 377. 
 
 Charities consolidated, 395. 
 
 Charity Estates, rentals of, 318. Sales of, 363. 
 
 Charles I. present at the storming of Leicester, 102. 
 Escapes in disguise from Oxford, 107. Surrenders himself 
 to the Scots Commissioners at Southwell, ibid. His 
 letter to Lord Bellasis, 108. Delivered up by the Scots 
 to the Parliament, 116. His speech at Newark in 1622, 
 144. Character of, 151. Letter to the Queen, 154. 
 To the Corporation of Newark, 256. From Southwell 
 to the Parliament, 164. 
 
 Charters, different ones granted to Newark, 27. 
 
 Cheese Market, 31. 
 
 Church of Newark, Architectural description of, 177. 
 Spire, height of, 179. Ancient Chauntries and Altars, 
 ibid. The Belfry, 189. The Font, 182. Monuments 
 in Belfry, 186 to 191. North Aisle, Monuments, &c. in, 
 191 to 204. South Aisle, 204 to 216. Cross Aisle, 216 
 to 221. Choir, 221 to 232. Nave, 232. Vault, 233. 
 Organ, 234. Bells, 235. Altar piece and Communion 
 Plate, 236. Spire repaired, 248. 
 
 Churchwardens, the present, 241. 
 
 Cities, Saxon ones, 20. 
 Clarke, family of, 211. 
 Clay Hercules, his extraordinary preservation, 78. His 
 
 Donation, 381. Extract from his Will, 515. 
 Coaches passing through Newark, 30. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Coadjutors, the present, 351. 
 
 Codicil to the Will of Henry VII. 253. 
 
 Coincidental fatalities, 517. 
 
 Collingham, number of Churches anciently in, 26. 
 
 Collingwood Anthony, his Donation, 385. 
 
 Commerce increase of at Newark, 540. 
 
 Commissioners, names of, at the surrender of Newark, 111. 
 
 Commoners, the present, 351. 
 
 Convent, intended one, 253. 
 
 Cooper Sir Roger, 63. 
 
 Cooper Mr. Cecil, 469, 480. 
 
 Corporation, present Officers of, 450. 
 
 Crampern, family of, 212. 
 
 Cromwell Oliver, orders the dismantling of Castles, 34. 
 
 His death, 523. 
 Crypt under Newark Castle, 167. Anciently a Chapel, 177. 
 Cumberland, family of, 211. 
 
 Declaration, curious one of the Scots, 112. 
 Decree in respect of Magnus* Charity, 305. 
 Decree in recpect of Brown's, 330. 
 Decree in respect of Phillipott's, 347. 
 Derry, family of, 212 
 Desiderata Curiosa, Peck's, 46. 
 Devon River, 12. Source of, 16. 
 Dispensary, 373. 
 Dogs, Bears and Castles, 47. 
 Doomsday Book, 33, 176, 440. 
 Douglas Eleanor, her Donation, 392. 
 Drum, Old, 78. 
 Drum, another, 100. 
 
 Eastland, family of, 220. 
 
 Echard, 48. 
 
 Exeter, Earl of, his house in Northgate, burned, 62. 
 
 Fare extraordinary, in time of flood, from Newark to 
 
 Muskham, 28. 
 Flood road, the forming of, 28. 
 Flour Mill, 540. 
 
 Former times, slight view of, 496. 
 Foster Anthony, his Donation, 372. 
 Free School, 274. Schoolmaster's oath, 295. Ancient 
 
 Regulations of, 300. Remarks, 302. Present state of, 
 
 319. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Friar's Observant, or Chauntry, 251. 
 
 Friary, 250. 
 
 Fuller, 277. 
 
 Gascoyne, Family of, 211. 
 
 Gateways ancient, 161. Architectural description of, 174, 
 
 175. 
 Girton, family of, 217. 
 Godiva Lady, Anecdote of, 20 
 Green's Worcester, 52, 54. 
 Guilds, 438. Ancient ones, number of in Newark, 441. 
 
 Handley, family of, 194. 
 
 Haslam, family of, 220. 
 
 Hawding, family of, 212. 
 
 Hemingford Walter, 44. 
 
 Henderson Sir John, Governor of Newark, 58. 
 
 Henrietta, Consort to Charles I. her letter, 146. Anecdote 
 
 of, 148. Character, 148. Death, 522. , 
 Heron's M S. extract from, 13. 
 Heron, family of, 207. 
 Heron John, Churchwarden, his address to the inhabitants 
 
 of Newark, 399 to 437. 
 
 Hobman , his Donation, 391. 
 
 Hospital, Knights Templar's, 249, 
 
 St. Leonard's, 263. Present state of, 272. 
 
 Hume, 439. 
 
 Hutchinson Col. John, a Commissioner at the surrender 
 
 of Newark, 111. Seized at Owthorpe, 471. His treat 
 
 ment at Newark, 472 to 481. Reflections thereupon, 481. 
 
 James I. at Newark Castle, 47. Present from the Corpo- 
 ration to, ibid. Exercises Royal prerogative, ibid* Anec- 
 dotes of, 48. 
 James II. his Letter concerning the new modelling of the 
 
 Corporation of Newark, 452. 
 Jersey School, 387. 
 
 Inhabitants of some parts of Newark, in 1605, 488. 
 Inns, ancient ones in Newark, 466. 
 Inn, Saracen's Head, 466. 
 Talbot, 482. 
 White Hart, 483. 
 Swan and Salmon, 484. 
 Instructions, private, to Commissioners from Charles I. 
 130 to 143. 
 
 . 
 
INDEX. 
 
 John, institutes a Mayorality at Lynn, His Will, 39. Die's 
 at Newark Castle, 41. Interred at Worcester, 42. Dis- 
 covery of his remains, 50. Description of Tomb, 53. 
 
 Johnson John, his Donation, 38;5. 
 
 Kingston, Earl of, remarkable account of his death, 119. 
 Kirkbye Robert, the first Song Schoolmaster, 230, 289. 
 
 Lamb Richard, his donation, 385. 
 
 Langdale Sir Marmaduke, relieves Newark, 81. 
 
 Law and Mathematics, two distinct things, 348. 
 
 Lawrence George, his donation, 393. 
 
 Leak Lady Frances, her donation, 388. 
 
 Leicester stormed by Prince Rupert and the Newarkers, 
 
 101. Regained by the Parliamentary forces, 102. 
 Letter, copy of, respecting the surrender of Newark, 122. 
 Library, 241. 
 
 Lilly John, his donation, 381. 
 Linthwaite, family of, 138. 
 Londe Sir John, his donation, 377. 
 Ludlow's memoirs, extract from, 518. 
 
 Magnus Thomas, 276 to 305. 
 
 Malignant Clergymen taken in Newark, 126. 
 
 Mare Peter de la, imprisoned in Newark Castle, 45. 
 
 Marketplace, inhabitants of, 499. 
 
 Markham Sir Robert, a Captain at the battle of Stoke, 223. 
 
 Markham Sir John, his quarrel at Bennington, 224. 
 
 Martin, family of, 191. 
 
 Martin John, his donation, 384. 
 
 Mayors of Newark, list of, 445. 
 
 Meldrum Sir John, anecdote of, 77 . His death, ibid. 
 
 Meldrum Major, taken prisoner, 100. 
 
 Milnes, family of, 199, 220. 
 
 Monasticon, 20. 
 
 Monk's Cowl, virtue of, 42. 
 
 Newark, antiquity of, 9. Super- addition of Upon Trent, 
 when first used, 11. Uncertain when first walled, 20. 
 Given to the monastery of Stow, 21. Number of Churches 
 anciently, 24. Ancient division of, 26. First incorporated, 
 27. Market and fairs, 31. Situation of, 31. Number of 
 houses and inhabitants. 32. State at the commencement 
 of the war in 1642, 55. Inhabitants declare for the 
 royal cause, 56. Head quarters ol the Cavaliers, r>7. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Siege 1, 58. Siege 2, 65. Siege 3, 80. Siege 4, 103. Surren- 
 dered to the Parliamentary forces, 108. Articles of capitu- 
 lation, 110. Fortifications demolished, 116. Ordnance 
 and stores taken in, 117. Plague in, 123. Ancient 
 topography of, 46F Present state of, 499. 
 
 Newarkers , particular enterprizes of the, 93, 102. 
 
 Newcastle Earl of, his house garrisoned, 63. 
 
 Newer k, 11. 
 
 Newerke, 23. 
 
 Nobility and Gentry of Charles I. party, 56. 
 
 -Noblemen and Gentlemen slain near Newark, list of, 119. 
 
 Nottingham, head quarters of the Roundheads, 57, 92 
 
 Nowrk, 11. 
 
 Observations on the surrender of Newark, 159. 
 Ordination concerning the Vicarage of Newark, 527. 
 Organ, 234, 
 
 Organist and Choristers, present ones, 241. 
 Overseers of the Poor, abstract of their receipts and dis- 
 bursements, 494. 
 
 Painting, curious one in Newark Church, 222. 
 
 Paris Mathew, 45, 84. 
 
 Paving, ancient, 486. 
 
 Phillipott AYiliiam, his effigies removed, 181. His Donation, 
 
 332 to 337. Family of, 219. 
 Pierce Alice, 45. 
 Plumptre Doctor, one of the Nottingham Committee, joins 
 
 the Newarkers, 74 
 Pocklington family of, 232, 
 Pointz General, 17, 63, 104, 107, 184. 
 Priests, ephemeral ones, 273. 
 Principal prisoners taken in Newark, list of, 118. 
 
 Queen's crosses, list of, 252. 
 
 Ramsey Robert, Esq. killed by lightning, 229. 
 
 Rapin, 41. 
 
 Recorders of Newark, list of, 450. 
 
 Regalia of England lost by king John, 39. 
 
 Reliquiae Sacrse, 146, 161, 
 
 Representatives in Parliament, 456. List of, 456. Ancient 
 
 daily wages of, ibid. 
 Ridghill, family of, 193. 
 Rogues, different degrees of, 496. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Rupert Prince, 64, 101. 
 
 Rutherford Mr. Gawen serves under his 27th child, 122. 
 
 Sacrilege, act of, 237. 
 
 Sandford, 53 
 
 Scarsdale Earl of, his Donation, 386. 
 
 Schools associated, 536. 
 
 Sconce the Kind's, 105. 
 
 the Queen's, 106. 
 
 Sessions at Newark, where holden, 370. 
 
 Shambles, 372. 
 
 Shelt'ord Manor house garrisoned, 63 Stormed byPointz, ib. 
 
 Situations, obliterated ones in Newark, 265. 
 
 Sketchley family of, 213. 
 
 Smith, Mayor of Newark, urges Lord Bellasis to disobey 
 
 the King's order for its surrender, 105, His heroic advice 
 
 168 
 Smith, family of, 213. 
 
 Southwell history of, references thereto, 107, 236. 
 Spittle battle of, 67 . Articles of capitulation, 75, 
 Spragging family of, 189, 212, 215 
 Stephen King of England, his promptitude, 36. 
 Stones Henry, his Donation, 387, 394. 
 Streets, &c. in Newark, description of, 502, 503. 
 Stukely Doctor, 18, 159, 171, 356. 
 Summers Thomas, his Donation, 390. 
 Sweet lips, the Newarkers' favorite Cannon, 123. 
 Swift, family of, 193. 
 
 Task extraordinary, for twenty persons, 389. 
 
 Times former, slight view of, 496. 
 
 Theatre 543. 
 
 Thoroton, 25* 109, 176, 209, 224, 225, 250, 251, 257, 265, 
 
 Tolls, 19. 
 
 Tomlinson, family of, 200. 
 
 Tonnage increase of at Newark, 512. 
 
 Topography ancient, of Newark, 461. 
 
 Town's Anus, 367. 
 
 Town hall, 366. Arti I 171. 
 
 Trent dike, 12. 
 
 Twentyman J elm, \lderman, 
 
 Twentyman, family of, 210. 
 
 Vault, list of persons interred there, 2 
 Vicars of Newark, 239. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Vicarage house, taken down, 248. 
 
 Volunteers, Loyal Newark, Muster Roll of, 507. 
 
 Watson William and Wife, their Donations, 384. 
 
 Watson Emma, her Donation, 385. 
 
 Wharton, 86. 
 
 White, Bishop of Peterborough, his Donation, 388. 
 
 William of Newberry, 84. 
 
 Willis Sir Richard, Governor of Newark, 99. Becomes a 
 
 Spy to Cromwell, ibid. 
 Wilson Rev. Dr addresses the inhabitants of Newark on the 
 
 misapplication of public Charities, 353. As Vicar, a 
 
 Defendant in Chancery, 304. His Donation, 392. 
 
 Erects Wilson Street, 502. 
 Windows, decorated ones in Newark Church, 242. 
 Wiverton house, garrisoned, 63. Surrendered to the 
 
 Parliamentary forces, ibid. 
 Workhouse, 489. 
 Wright Joseph, 28. 
 
 S. AND J. RIDGE, PRINTERS, NEWARK. 
 
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