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 REPORT 
 
 pureau of Jransportation 
 
 DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 JANUARY 3 1 st, 1877. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 1877. 
 
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International Exhibition, 
 
 1876, 
 
 I'll LADELPHIA. 
 
 Report 
 
 DIRECTOR-GENERAL 
 
 UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 1S77. 
 
Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1877, by the 
 
 CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 
REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Bureau of Transportation 
 
 TO THE 
 
 DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 JANUARY j is/, 1877. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 r8 77 . 
 

 
 
 
 United States Centennial Commission. 
 
 BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 Chief of Bureau, 
 DOLPHUS TORREY. 
 
 Superintendent of Customs Department, 
 J. W. HAMPTON, Jr. 
 
 Cashier, 
 ETHELBERT WATTS. 
 
 Accountants, 
 ROBERT W. BEATTY, 
 W. H. WOODWARD. 
 
 Chief Clerk, 
 RICHARD GRAHAM. 
 
 Contractors, 
 
 CENTENNIAL TERMINAL AGENCY, Limited. 
 
CONTENTS, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Foreign transportation of goods and visitors, 1 1 
 
 Transportation of goods in the United States 15 
 
 Receipt of exhibits, — Terminal Service, 17 
 
 Storage of empty packing-cases, 32 
 
 General observations, 33 
 
 The Terminal Force, — Contractors, 34 
 
 Removal of exhibits, 36 
 
 Customs regulations, 37 
 
 Railroads running to Philadelphia, 42 
 
 Transportation of visitors to Philadelphia, 45 
 
 Local transportation of visitors, 46 
 
 Transportation of visitors within the Exhibition, 54 
 
 Railroad Ticket Offices within the Exhibition, 59 
 
 Lodgings for visitors 59 
 
 STATEMENTS. 
 
 (A.) Freight rates for foreign goods, 64 
 
 (B.) Passenger rates for Foreign Commissioners, exhibitors, &c, .... 65 
 
 (C.) Freight rates for American goods, 66 
 
 (D.) Passenger rates for American visitors, 67 
 
 (E.) Sidings for goods from their respective countries, 68 
 
 (F.) Number of packages and weight of goods received weekly, .... 68 
 
 (G.) Number of packages and weight of goods received from each country, 69 
 
 (H.) Quantity of exhibits removed by railroad, 70 
 
 (I.) Quantity of exhibits removed, — by countries, 71 
 
 (J.) Number of empty cases stored, — by countries, 72 
 
 (K.) Number of men employed by the Terminal Agency, by weeks, ... 73 
 
 (L.) Equipment used in receiving goods, 73 
 
 (M.) Facilities for the transportation of local passengers by railroad, ... 74 
 
 (N.) Facilities for the transportation of local passengers by tramway, . . . 75 
 
 (O.) Facilities for the transportation of local passengers by steamboats, . 75 
 
 (P.) Facilities for the transportation of visitors within the Exhibition, . . 76 
 
 (R.) Relative to European and American passenger rates, 77 
 
 (S.) Local excursion rates, 80 
 
 (T.) Comparison of rates for passengers in America with those in Europe, 82 
 
 Appendix, 83 
 
 (5) 
 
NOTE. — The railroad tracks used in receiving 
 goods are represented by Jteavy tines, the narrow- 
 gauge passenger railroad by dotted lines, and horse 
 railroads by fine continuous lines. The figures 
 indicate the platforms and sidings at which cars 
 were unloaded. 
 
 -^^PJSNNA. RAILROAD TO PITTSBURG &JTSE WEST 
 
 f???T 7 T T *f : 
 
 SC ALE 
 
 1==5F 
 
 
 1 
 
 .— _...__-_. 
 
Situation flan, 
 
 International Exhibition, 
 
 Philadelphia, 1876. 
 
 U Vt STOCK Ett 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 MAPS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 1. Map showing the location of railroad tracks used in receiving goods, . 6 
 
 2. Water frontage of the Port of Philadelphia, with railroad lines connect- 
 
 ing the Exhibition with the City, 12 
 
 3. Railroad lines in the vicinity of Philadelphia, 56 
 
 VIEWS. 
 
 1. Centennial Depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 10 
 
 2. Pennsylvania Railroad Ticket Office within the Exhibition, 58 
 
 3. Cook, Son & Jenkins' World's Ticket and Inquiry Office within the 
 
 Exhibition 60 
 
 FIGURES. 
 
 1. View of stationary platform on the north side of the Main Building, 
 
 four feet high in front, one hundred and fifty feet long, and twenty 
 feet wide, with approaches to the building, 14 
 
 2. Wagon truck, sixteen inches high, platform four by eight feet, wheels 
 
 eight-inch face and twelve inches in diameter, capacity to carry 
 
 ten to fifteen tons ; different sizes used, 20 
 
 3. Warehouse truck for general use, 21 
 
 4. Express truck for light packages, 22 
 
 5. Portable platforms used where stationary platforms could not be built, 
 
 principally in Machinery Building; size, twelve feet wide, four feet 
 high in front, and twenty inches at the foot, and vai - ying in length 
 from eight to twelve feet, 23 
 
 6. Portable platform, No. 2, cut away at the foot to admit running wagon 
 
 trucks under it, to receive very heavy articles 23 
 
 7. Trestle for supporting stationary platforms 24 
 
 8. Steam locomotive crane, capacity, five tons, Appleby Brothers, London, 25 
 
 9. Portable hoist for transporting into position, without handling, articles 
 
 lifted from cars, or to be loaded upon them ; capacity, three or 
 four tons ; wheels under it eight-inch face and diameter, 26 
 
 10. Traction road engine, with three-ton crane attached, Aveling & 
 
 Porter, London, England 27 
 
 11. Rack for handling extra large plates of glass, 28 
 
 12. Diagram of the quantity of goods received weekly, 30 
 
 13. Locomotive used on the Passenger Railroad within the Exhibition, . . 54 
 
 14. Passenger car used upon the Passenger Railroad within the Exhibition, 55 
 
 15. Rolling-Chair used within the Exhibition, 57 
 
 (8) 
 
United States Centennial Commission, 
 Bureau of Transportation, 
 
 Philadelphia, January 31st, 1877. 
 
 Alfred T. Goshorn, Esq., Director-General, 
 
 Dear Sir : — I herewith transmit to you my report of the 
 service and work of the Bureau of Transportation, of which I 
 had the honor to have charge. In it are included an account 
 of the operations of transportation companies affecting, and of 
 customs regulations relating to, the interests of the Exhibition ; 
 and appended to it are a series of statements illustrating and 
 completing it, also copies of all official circulars issued by the 
 Bureau, important blanks, customs regulations, and other doc- 
 uments, which, with the report, are intended to present a clear 
 account of such matters as have made the history of this 
 department of your administration. 
 
 I am, very respectfully yours, 
 
 D. TORREY, 
 
 Chief of Bureau. 
 
 (9) 
 
IfflPIIIWIlliifllllfllWP^^ 
 
REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Bureau of Transportation. 
 
 The duties of administration assigned to the Bureau of Duties of 
 
 r . ..... n administration. 
 
 Transportation at the date ot its organization, April ist, 1875, 
 are named in the circular then issued: — "Foreign transporta- 
 tion for goods and visitors, transportation for goods and visitors 
 in the United States, local transportation, and warehousing 
 and customs regulations," and are herein spoken of in the 
 same order, so far as the relation of the subjects will admit. 
 
 FOREIGN TRANSPORTATION. 
 The transportation of goods and visitors from foreign Foreign 
 
 ... ., . transportation. 
 
 countries to the Exhibition was necessarily so distributed as 
 to require the service of the principal railroad and ocean 
 transportation lines of the world. The securing from these 
 companies located without the limits of the United States of 
 favorable rates and privileges for goods and visitors brought 
 to the Exhibition had, in the nature of the case, to rest with 
 the respective commissioners of the countries participating. 
 The rates secured by them are given in statements, page 64. 
 
 The attendance at the Exhibition of visitors from foreign Passenger rates 
 countries, other than from Canada and the nations of Europe, ^sitors! 8 " 
 has been unimportant in number, and in all cases independent 
 of official arrangements for concessions in rates, which have 
 been for members of commissions, exhibitors, and attendants 
 only. Regular saloon passage rates (gold) were, according 
 to the line of vessels and the accommodations furnished, as 
 
 (") 
 
Of Til WAT II FBDNTAQE 01 Til FOET 
 
 OF 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 1 3 
 
 follows: — From Liverpool to New York, one way, from $51.10 Bureau of 
 to $126.53; out an d back, from $128.88 to $219. From 
 Liverpool to Philadelphia, one way, from $70 to $100; and 
 out and back, from $125 to $180. From Antwerp to Phila- 
 delphia, one way, $90; out and back, $160; second cabin, 
 one way, $60, and out and back, $108. 
 
 It is unnecessary to state in detail the character of the Transportation 
 
 of foreign 
 
 arrangements made by the commissioners of the different exhibits, 
 countries for the transportation of their goods. In some in- 
 stances it was by special charters of either steam or sailing 
 vessels, but usually it was effected by contracts with companies 
 running regular lines of steamers to American ports. Some 
 of these contracts were for a stated rate per ton, irrespective 
 of the class of goods, and some provided for a schedule of 
 rates varying, per ton, according to the classification of goods 
 established by the company. Exhibits from China and Japan 
 were brought to San Francisco by the Pacific Mail Steamship 
 Company at half rates, and forwarded from that port by the 
 Pacific railroads, which, with the railroad lines between 
 Omaha and Chicago, most generously gave free transporta- 
 tion from San Francisco to Chicago for seventy-four car-loads 
 of these goods. 
 
 Foreign goods arriving at Philadelphia by vessels were Transfer from 
 
 vessel to tKe 
 
 transported from the wharves to the Exhibition by railroad. Exhibition at 
 
 t>i • 1 • -T- t^ / Philadelphia. 
 
 The special regulations of the Treasury Department (page 1 14.) 
 required the goods to be held at the wharves until a ware- 
 house entry of them was made, when a permit was issued 
 authorizing them to be forwarded to the Exhibition ; but in 
 very many cases, from want of proper invoices, or the absence 
 of owners, the entry could not be made, and the regulation 
 became inoperative. The goods were landed and placed on 
 cars under the supervision of a customs officer, who sealed 
 the cars, and transmitted manifests of the loads to the customs 
 officers at the Exhibition. 
 
 Foreign goods arriving at New York and Baltimore were At New York 
 transported to the Exhibition in sealed cars, after a transpor- an 
 tation entry of the goods had been made. On arrival at the 
 Exhibition these cars were unloaded after warehouse entry 
 had been made. In both cases the regulation was sometimes 
 suspended by the Secretary of the Treasury for exhibitors 
 
14 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. I 5 
 
 unable to present proper invoices of their goods. To provide Bureau of 
 
 r . ..... Transportation. 
 
 for the transportation of these goods the railroad companies 
 performing the service gave a special bond for the security 
 of the Government. 
 
 Foreign goods arriving at San Francisco were subject to AtSan 
 
 Fra.ncisco 
 
 the customs regulations applicable in ordinary commercial 
 business, transportation entry and bond at that place, and 
 warehouse entry, as above, at Philadelphia. 
 
 Canadian goods were shipped in cars sealed by the United Canadian goods. 
 States consul at the place of shipment, and, on arrival at the 
 Exhibition, after warehouse entry, were, as in all other cases, 
 unloaded under the supervision of a customs officer, who 
 alone could break the seals of the cars. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS IN THE UNITED 
 
 STATES. 
 
 Concessions in rates for the transportation of Exhibition concessions for 
 goods in the United States and Canada were asked for in turn of American 
 
 . , exhibits. 
 
 circular No. ioo (page 85), sent to the managers of all the 
 railroad and steamboat lines in the two countries. To secure 
 uniformity of action by them, the subject was earnestly can- 
 vassed at several meetings of their general freight agents, 
 one being called for this special purpose. However, nothing 
 was concluded until the joint arrangement of the four trunk 
 lines (page 87) was announced, when the following letter was 
 distributed, in blank, for signature: — 
 
 "This company will transport at regular rates all articles 
 intended for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 
 1876, at Philadelphia, as well as all other articles forwarded 
 by exhibitors for their own use, in connection with the Exhi- 
 bition, and will return unsold articles free. Freight and all 
 charges to be prepaid in every case." 
 
 To which replies were received from all important lines, a 
 list of which is given in circular No. 164 (page 87). 
 
 The transportation of Exhibition goods for regular rates in Regular rates in 
 one direction, as announced by the companies, was a liberal 
 concession, owing to the very low rates for freight transpor- 
 tation generally prevailing throughout the country, and did 
 
i6 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Free 
 transportation. 
 
 Co-operation of 
 railroad officers. 
 
 Instructions to 
 railroad agents. 
 
 Proposed 
 
 method 
 
 of receiving 
 
 exhibits. 
 
 not, in many cases, even cover the cost of returning the goods 
 from the Exhibition. The companies would have suffered a 
 direct loss of revenue in so doing but for the sale of exhibits 
 relieving them of the obligation to return free a large propor- 
 tion of them. Many railroad companies gave, within the 
 States where located, free transportation for articles intended 
 for the collective exhibitions of their respective States, thus 
 contributing materially to the success of such exhibits. 
 
 The officers of the Exhibition were seconded in all their 
 efforts and arrangements for the transportation of goods by 
 the officers of nearly every railroad and other transportation 
 company in America. All goods arriving by railroad being 
 necessarily delivered over the line of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road Company, the tracks of which alone connected with 
 tracks within the Exhibition grounds, the business of this 
 Bureau was, with few exceptions, conducted with that com- 
 pany for the entire system of railroads in the United States 
 and Canada. This condition led to a full discussion and 
 agreement with the officers of that company as to the forms 
 and manner in which the business should be conducted, which 
 agreement was followed by the publication of circular No. 
 144 (page 98), and the issuing of instructions to their agents 
 by the officials of transportation companies. 
 
 The essential points in the instructions issued to the agents 
 of transportation companies by general freight agents were: — 
 First, No article to be received for transportation to the 
 Exhibition unless marked with official tags or labels; Second, 
 Prepayment of all charges and expenses of every kind inci- 
 dent to transportation to be required, so that on arrival at the 
 Exhibition the goods may be delivered without awaiting the 
 consignee; and, Third, As far as practicable, to load cars for 
 one siding only. 
 
 Printed descriptions and explanations of the proposed 
 method of conducting the business of receiving exhibits were 
 sent to each American exhibitor and to foreign commissioners, 
 accompanied with a copy of circular No. 142, with explana- 
 tory notes and such other information as would fully acquaint 
 them with the requirements necessary to conform to the regu- 
 lations in shipping their goods to the Exhibition (page 90). 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 17 
 
 THE RECEIPT OF GOODS— TERMINAL SERVICE. Tra B n ™L. 
 
 The labor of preparing for an exhibition of such magnitude The receipt of 
 is attended by many perplexing uncertainties ; and in no de- 
 partment of the general work are these more manifest than 
 in that of transportation, very little being known in advance 
 of the gross quantity of goods, or of the characteristics of 
 articles of exceptional weight or dimension which will be 
 received, though this information has great value in deter- 
 mining the character and extent of facilities to be provided. 
 
 With regard to circumstances attending the Exhibition of Belay in 
 
 applying for 
 
 1876, it is to be remembered that there was a tardiness on the space. 
 part of Americans in applying for exhibiting space; so that, at 
 a date when all the buildings to be erected should have been 
 in process of construction, not over one-fourth of those 
 Americans who finally became exhibitors had made application 
 for the privilege. At that time the methods of the Bureau 
 of Transportation had to be determined and adapted to 
 requirements varying from a condition in which the principal 
 buildings might be not fully occupied, to one, as finally 
 proved to be the case, in which the park would be crowded 
 with annexes and supplementary buildings. The problem The problem. 
 was to provide the best method for receiving an indefinite 
 but very large quantity of goods, comprising articles and pack- 
 ages of unknown weights, dimensions, and peculiarities, while 
 the service was to be performed within an unstated, but 
 certainly limited, period of time. 
 
 As to the quantity of goods to be received, a general survey Estimate of 
 of the situation in 1875 showed a probable need of facilities to be received. 
 for handling forty thousand tons net ; but, to meet contin- 
 gencies, it was decided to prepare to handle even more, if 
 necessary; or, in other words, to have an expansive arrange- 
 ment. It will be understood that such requirements depend 
 more upon the time within which goods may arrive than on 
 their quantity. The disposition of a thousand car loads of 
 articles may be a trifling matter if spread over ten days' time, 
 but if they are to be handled within three days' time, it might 
 over-tax every facility provided for the purpose. 
 
 The prominent features of the plan adopted, and their Plan adopted, 
 relative importance, are as follows : — First, The service of an 
 
i8 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Assorting cars. 
 
 Numerous 
 sidings provided 
 
 Direction labels 
 and tags. 
 
 organized body of men, known as the terminal force, common 
 to the whole work, who, to the exclusion of exhibitors, their 
 agents, and commissioners, should unload cars, place goods on 
 the space to which directed, and perform all related service ; 
 Second, The provision of separate sidings for limited sections 
 of the exhibiting space or portions of the enclosure; Third, 
 The construction of these sidings so that the use of any one 
 would not interfere with the running of cars to and from any 
 other; Fourth, Freight platforms, built to the height of the car 
 floors and arranged for the use of trucks for transporting goods 
 from the cars to their destination. 
 
 On arrival at the Centennial station of the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad, cars were marked for the siding within the Exhi- 
 bition at which they were to be unloaded, and they were 
 assorted on a series of tracks, bringing together cars for the 
 same siding. As required, an engine would draw from these 
 distributing tracks cars for a particular place within the Exhi- 
 bition, and place them to be unloaded (table, page 68). 
 
 It was desirable that goods in cars should be transported to 
 a point as near their destination in the Exhibition as possible, 
 so there were provided many places of delivery — sidings 
 within the grounds. This multiplication and distribution of 
 sidings, by dividing the work, permitted a large increase of 
 the laboring force without introducing confusion, thereby 
 securing the feature of expansion which, it was foreseen, might 
 become of the utmost importance if the receipt of the bulk 
 of the exhibits should be crowded into the few days imme- 
 diately preceding the opening of the Exhibition. 
 
 So much depended upon the accuracy of the directions 
 placed on packages that the printed labels and tags were filled 
 in to meet the requirements of each lot of goods, and mailed 
 to American exhibitors, with explicit instructions how to use 
 them. It was intended that this should be done in the case 
 of foreign exhibitors by the respective national Commissions. 
 The assignments of space in the foreign sections being deter- 
 mined and marked on plans of the buildings by the foreign 
 Commissioners, they only could give accurate shipping direc- 
 tions for their different exhibitors. These labels or tags, 
 with the manner of filling, will be understood from the 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 19 
 
 following copy of one, the flag and name of each country Bureau of 
 being printed on its labels: — 
 
 TO THE 
 
 DIRECTOR-GENERAL 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876, 
 
 AT PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 
 ZMU^IZDsT 
 
 IBTTIIilDIIsra-- 
 
 Siding No. 3. 
 
 N. by. 
 
 
 
 Exhibitor, 
 
 7. L. Mott Iron Works. 
 
 Location, 
 
 Address, 
 
 No. of ) 
 Application, J 
 
 2471. 
 
 
 
 Neiv York. 
 
 N °- \ Serial,.. . . * 
 
 Weight,.. 
 
 _$ b Pounds. 
 
 
 
 Packages, J Total, &4 
 
 The location in the building to which an article was ad- Location of 
 dressed was known from the directions on the labels, which 
 were in accordance with the system of designating columns and 
 the plan of marking off spaces on the floor. Each column 
 within the building was lettered and numbered; the letters 
 designating the range of columns in one direction, and the 
 numbers the lines crosswise in another, — each exhibitor's loca- 
 tion being defined with reference to the nearest column. The 
 space allotted each exhibitor was carefully outlined with 
 painted lines on the floor and designated by his application- 
 number painted within, in large figures, or, as in some of the 
 foreign sections, by his name. 
 
 The men employed in the terminal force readily became Locations 
 familiar with the manner of finding the exhibitors' space, and 
 would move from the siding with loaded trucks and traverse 
 the building by the most direct line to the exact spot with- 
 out confusion or loss of time. The floors of the buildings 
 were laid on the ground, the earth being well packed under 
 and between the sills, giving a firm support, which permitted 
 running the heavily-laden trucks anywhere over them. 
 
 In case goods were brought to the grounds by cartage or Permits for 
 by hand, the bearer reported at the office and received a per- 
 mit to enter the grounds, also directions where to deliver his 
 load 
 
20 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Chiefs of 
 Bureaus 
 custodians of 
 departments. 
 
 The arrangements did not permit the carrying of goods in 
 and out of the buildings without special written permit, except 
 by the terminal force. The risk of stealing precluded any 
 other method. 
 
 The chiefs of the Bureaus of Administration had charge of 
 the buildings and interests of the Exhibition, as follows : — 
 
 D. Torrey, Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, of the 
 reception of goods. 
 
 Henry Pettit, Chief of the Bureau of Installation, of the 
 Main Building. 
 
 J. S. Albert, Chief of the Bureau of Machinery, of the 
 Machinery Hall. 
 
 Burnet Landreth, Chief of the Bureau of Agriculture, of 
 the Agricultural Building. 
 
 Charles H. Miller, Chief of the Bureau of Horticulture, of 
 the Horticultural Building. 
 
 John Sartain, Chief of the Bureau of Fine Arts, of the 
 Art Galleries. 
 
 Figure 2. — Wagon Truck. 
 
 Receipting for 
 goods. 
 
 Express 
 companies. 
 
 The Chief of the Bureau of Transportation receipted to the 
 railroad companies for the goods brought by them. They were 
 placed by the terminal force on the space allotted to the Ex- 
 hibitor, when the chief of the Bureau in charge of the building 
 receipted to the Bureau of Transportation for and thereby 
 became custodian of them. Permits for the reception of 
 goods and material were issued by the Bureau of Transporta- 
 tion; permits for removing them, by the officers of the Bureau 
 in charge of the building. If articles or packages to be 
 removed were in a foreign section of the Exhibition, a permit 
 was obtained from the customs officer in charge, he being 
 responsible, as storekeeper, for the customs duties on them. 
 
 Only the Adams Express Company, of the several companies 
 conducting express business, opened an office at the Exhibition. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 21 
 
 Fig. 3. — Warehouse Truck. 
 
 During the continuance of the Bureauof 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 Exhibition there was, through 
 this agency, a daily delivery of 
 several wagon-loads of small pack- 
 ages of supplies delivered to ex- 
 hibitors throughout the grounds. 
 It would be impossible to devise 
 any more convenient and satis- 
 factory manner of shipping pack- 
 ages of exhibits, to and from an 
 Exhibition, than by the system of 
 the American express companies. 
 They relieve exhibitors of all care 
 in having things carted to and 
 from depots, taking goods at the 
 shipper's door, and delivering them 
 in the building to which addressed. 
 Railroad tracks for the delivery of exhibits were, as far as Location of 
 
 ..... - ,.,. . railroad tracks. 
 
 possible, located without the buildings, for the following 
 considerations : — The use of locomotives within the buildings 
 was objectionable from the increased risk of accidental fires 
 which they could so easily communicate to packing material, 
 and from the annoyance of smoke and cinder, which might 
 damage delicate fabrics being unpacked and displayed. The 
 location of tracks within the buildings also necessitated devot- 
 ing, almost exclusively to their use, a much larger part of the 
 floor than could be kept for avenues and passage-ways, and 
 which, if so taken, would have been unavailable for other 
 important requirements. The least width of space of any 
 value for tracks must be of the width of the car body, with 
 the additional width of space on which to handle goods as 
 unloaded, without trespassing upon the locations of exhib- 
 itors, and if there are two sidings on one line of track, there 
 must be a second track past the first siding, to permit the use 
 of both without interference. Exhibitors would, if deprived 
 of the use of the floors in the avenues and passage-ways, 
 find themselves seriously embarrassed in erecting showcases, 
 unpacking exhibits, &c, operations which, to a considerable 
 extent, must be conducted thereon. Governed by these con- 
 siderations, the rule generally followed was to locate tracks 
 without the Exhibition buildings. 
 
Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Tracks in 
 Agricultural 
 Hall, Machinery 
 Hall, and 
 Government 
 Building. 
 
 Total length of 
 
 track. 
 
 The exceptions were as follows: — The topographical fea- 
 tures of the grounds surrounding Agricultural Hall were such 
 as to impose great expense if this general rule were followed, 
 and the rails were laid through the south transept of the 
 building. To facilitate the delivery within Machinery Hall 
 of the exceptionally heavy articles to be received, single- 
 track roads were laid in the two principal avenues of that 
 building, use being had also of the track which crossed the 
 transept connecting the hydraulic annex. Finally, there was 
 a line of track through the transept of the United States 
 Government building. 
 
 In addition to these tracks within, there were, without the 
 buildings, double lines of railway on the south side of Machin- 
 ery Hall, on the north side of the Main Building, and a triple 
 line of tracks on Belmont avenue, altogether amounting to 
 nineteen thousand feet of railroad track. (See plan, page 6.) 
 
 Figure 4. — Express Truck. 
 
 Facilities for 
 unloading cars. 
 
 Stationary 
 platforms. 
 
 Portable 
 platforms. 
 
 The unloading of goods from cars was by different methods, 
 varying with the article to be handled, and, also, with the 
 facilities which might have been prepared for the general 
 requirements of the siding. These methods may be described 
 in four general classes : — First, By the aid of stationary plat- 
 forms (figure 1), the floors of which were level with the floors 
 of railway cars, and which extended to and joined the floors 
 of the building, even to a distance of several hundred feet, 
 without any step or break, so that trucks (figures 2, 3, and 4) 
 were run, loaded with packages from within or by the side 
 of cars, direct to the place of delivery within the building; 
 Second, By the use of portable sloping platforms down which 
 packages were slid as when skids are used. These platforms 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 23 
 
 Figure 5. — Portable Platform. 
 
 were of two kinds, one requiring a package to be lifted from Bureau of 
 
 1 1 r <- Transportation. 
 
 the platform to the wagon-truck for removal (figure 5), the 
 other being cut away in the centre and front so that the wagon- 
 truck could be run under it (figure 6). This form was specially- 
 serviceable in handling very heavy articles, as, when the lower 
 
 Figure 6. — Portable Platform No. 2. 
 
 edge of such articles rested on the truck, the workmen drew 
 the truck forward, and in so doing loaded the package ; Third, 
 By lifting with cranes, shears, or hoists ; and Fourth, By the Hoisting 
 use of skids and hydraulic jacks. 
 
 The stationary platforms referred to were built on simple construction of 
 trestles of white pine, shown in figure No. 7, a large number p a ' 
 of which were made in advance of use, and, being uniform 
 in construction, were available for all platforms to be built. 
 They were placed on three-inch plank used for sills, and set 
 four or five feet apart, centre to centre. For flooring, three- 
 inch planks were spiked over them, completing the platform. 
 This construction of platforms admitted of their quick removal 
 before the opening of the Exhibition, and of their rapid and 
 cheap reconstruction at the close. The portable platforms 
 

 24 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Figure 7. — Trestle. 
 
 No tramways in 
 Machinery Hal). 
 
 Wagon-trucks. 
 
 Locomotive 
 
 cranes. 
 
 Bureau of were framed of southern pine scantling, four by four, and 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 covered with one-and-a-half-inch boards, also of southern pine, 
 laid crosswise, with like boards over these laid down the slope, 
 and answering for slideways. 
 
 The original plan of operations contemplated the use of 
 tramways in the passage-ways of Machinery Hall, with small 
 turn-tables at the points where they intersected the railway 
 tracks at the side and within the building, to facilitate the 
 transfer of locomotive cranes to different places, and the 
 moving of the trucks fitted thereto loaded with exceptionally 
 heavy articles; but the very favorable results attained with 
 wagon-trucks (figure 2) at the commencement of operations, 
 led to an abandonment of the plan. The two locomotive cranes 
 of Messrs. Appleby Bros., London (figure 8), were kept during 
 stationarycrane. the receipt of goods as stationary cranes (with only two or 
 three removals), transferring articles from cars to wagon-trucks, 
 which were hauled by laborers to the place of delivery. 
 There was also erected, at siding No. 12, a ten- ton stationary 
 steam-crane, where it proved a valuable aid in transferring 
 heavy articles from cars and wagons to wagon-trucks, to be 
 hauled into the building, or from cars to wagons, for transpor- 
 tation to parts of the Exhibition grounds not accessible by rail- 
 road, the crane being so placed that the jib could swing over 
 cars on both lines of track and also over the roadways and 
 platforms on either side. In addition to the above-mentioned 
 cranes there was the portable hoist (figure 9), which lifted 
 articles of three or four tons weight, and held them in suspen- 
 sion until hauled to the place of delivery. The Aveling & 
 Porter road-engine, with a crane attached (figure 10), rendered 
 valuable and efficient service in the grounds, as, with the use 
 
 Portable hoist 
 
 Road-engines 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 25 
 
26 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Shears. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 of the wagons, it both handled and transported goods in the 
 performance of its service. 
 
 The shear spars were rough bodies of pine-trees, equipped 
 with common falls and tackle; they were generally seta-straddle 
 of the railroad tracks, and, in use, held their loads suspended 
 until the car was pulled away and replaced with a wagon- 
 truck, to which the article was lowered, and, as before, trans- 
 ported to the place of delivery. 
 
 Figure 9. — Portable Hoist. 
 
 Heavy articles. Special mention, to any great extent, of the manner of 
 handling particular articles is unnecessary. Several locomo- 
 tives, exhibited at considerable distances from the line of track, 
 were run to their positions over a portable track constructed in 
 sections. Very heavy cannon were lifted with hydraulic 
 jacks, blocked up, and pushed over skids into position. 
 
 Plate glass. Large cases of plate glass, which had to be kept on 
 edge, were set in a frame, which traveled over loose rollers 
 (figure 11). 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 27 
 
28 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 187b. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Live stock. 
 
 Non-compliance 
 with regulations 
 occasions 
 trouble. 
 
 First arrival of 
 exhibits. 
 
 Figure ii. — Rack for Moving Plate Glass. 
 
 The Live-stock Exhibit was on grounds formerly used as a 
 stock-yard, adjoining the down track of the main line of the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad. The surface of the field is the height 
 above the level of the rails of a car floor, and bo'unded by a 
 retaining wall, built to facilitate unloading stock-cars, as 
 formerly used. The arrangement met every requirement 
 of the service ; and to enable us to use it, the officers of the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad reserved for this purpose the track 
 in front of the grounds, running their trains over other lines 
 of rails during such use. 
 
 In some instances, usually with foreign exhibitors, goods 
 were forwarded to the Exhibition without complying with the 
 regulations relating thereto. These irregularities always 
 brought trouble and expense to the exhibitor, and occasioned 
 many annoyances to the officers of the Exhibition. They 
 served, however, by comparison with the excellent working of 
 the service in other cases, to prove the value of the plans 
 adopted, by which the enormous quantity of goods sent to an 
 exhibition can be satisfactorily handled without that con- 
 fusion or disorder thought to be inseparable from such service. 
 
 The first goods to arrive were plants for Horticultural Hall, 
 which, for protection from exposure in early spring, were 
 placed in the building in October, 1875. From that time to 
 the close of the Exhibition there were arrivals almost daily 
 of something, often a trifling article as regards weight, &c, 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 29 
 
 but yet a contribution to the number of exhibits. During the Bureau of 
 
 ' Transportation. 
 
 Exhibition, such goods were to renew or complete in detail 
 some display, or they were foreign goods delayed in transit 
 which it was proper to receive regardless of the time of 
 arrival. 
 
 The reception of exhibits was announced to begin January Reception of 
 
 exhibits 
 
 5th, 1876, at which time the Main Building and Machinery 
 Hall were in a nearly finished condition, and ready for the 
 general reception of goods. It was expected that this oppor- 
 tunity to place heavy foundations, and get in readiness ex- 
 ceptionally heavy articles, would be used by those interested, 
 whose work would be embarrassed and embarrassing if left until 
 the arrival of miscellaneous exhibits began. Special requests 
 were sent by the chiefs of the Bureaus of Administration, 
 asking intending exhibitors to begin active work for heavy 
 articles, and the newspapers of Philadelphia called attention 
 to the matter in earnest editorials, so that the state of the case 
 was well known to all interested. But these efforts were Delay and 
 
 . , . ill- r embarrassment 
 
 without particular success, and the placing of masonry, in receiving 
 
 goods. 
 
 foundations, and other heavy work had to be done while all 
 the passage-ways and facilities for work were needed for the 
 reception of all kinds of goods. The work of receiving 
 exhibits was also embarrassed by the various operations of 
 putting the grounds around the buildings in condition for the 
 season's requirements ; ditching, pipe-laying, &c. continually 
 interfered with the use of tracks and passage-ways, as did 
 the labor of paving the walks which were, until that was 
 done, in an impassable condition from the depth of soft and 
 adhesive mud. 
 
 The bulk of the goods received arrived in the period from Period when 
 
 T 1 T 1 ^TM • 1 • • DU " C °f g 00 ds 
 
 January 30th to June 14th. lhe accompanying diagram, in were received. 
 connection with the tables F and G (page 69), gives informa- 
 tion showing the varying volume of the business from week 
 to week, and other particulars in relation thereto. 
 
3Q 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Diagram of Weekly Receipts of Exhibits at the Exhi- 
 bition. 
 
 
 FOR WEEKS EirDIlTG 
 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 MARCH 
 
 APRIL 
 
 MAY 
 
 JUNE 
 
 T07lSJV£t 
 
 5 
 
 12! 
 
 19 
 
 2d 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 Z<) 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 U. S. Exhibits, 
 
 Foreign Exhibits, 
 
 Total Receipts, 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 31 
 
 The total receipts of goods, by railroad or otherwise, were Bureau of 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 as follows : — 
 
 
 Loads. 
 
 Packages. 
 
 Weight, pounds. 
 
 Tons, net. 
 
 Total receipt of 
 
 goods. 
 
 Railroad 
 
 4.I03 
 19.839 
 
 96.349 
 57.924 
 
 44.542,819 
 12,573,839 
 
 22,271 
 6,287 
 
 
 Total, 
 
 23.942 
 
 154.273 
 
 57,116,658 
 
 28,558 
 
 This is much less in proportion to the area of the exhibiting 
 space than has been reported for the preceding exhibition ; 
 no explanation of which is suggested. The comparison is as 
 follows, the Vienna figures being taken from British reports 
 on that exhibition : — 
 
 Paris, 1867, .... 
 Vienna, 1873, • • • 
 Philadelphia, 1876, . 
 
 lArea in Acres. 
 
 Packages. 
 
 39.5 50,000 
 
 49.5 , 165,051 
 
 61.5 ; 154.273 
 
 Weight, pounds 
 
 Av. weight, Weight of goods 
 lbs. tosq. foot. P er square foot 
 _ of space. 
 
 48,981,696 
 79.593.36o 
 57,116,658 
 
 22.66 
 
 36.91 
 21.32 
 
 The collection of the terminal charge, as announced in cir- Terminal 
 
 cheirEcs 
 
 cular No. 142, was misunderstood, and was the subject of canceled, 
 such frequent complaints and misrepresentations that it was 
 determined to assume the charges as a general expense of the 
 Exhibition, and to refund those already collected (page 97). 
 
 The terminal charge was a proper one to collect, and was 
 canceled only because it was determined to let nothing interfere Reason for 
 
 • 1 1 1 t-> 1 'i • • I'll terminal charges. 
 
 with the success of the Exhibition which the managers could 
 control. It grew out of the plan of having a terminal force 
 to receive and place upon their space the goods of exhibitors, 
 an arrangement for the purpose which experience proves to 
 be the best yet tried. The trouble, expense, and confusion 
 avoided by this manner of receiving exhibits over any pre- 
 viously tried justified its enforcement at an Exhibition of such 
 magnitude as this. 
 
32 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 STORAGE OF EMPTY PACKING-CASES. 
 
 Storage of empty 
 packing-cases. 
 
 Storage sheds. 
 
 How arranged. 
 
 The handling and storage of empty packing-cases was in- 
 cluded in the terminal service. The cases were taken from the 
 buildings to the sidings, often by returning empty trucks, 
 loaded on empty cars, and hauled to a neighboring field for 
 storage in sheds, which were assigned to countries. The 
 sheds were rough structures, and those only enclosed that 
 contained particularly valuable cases. They were in four 
 parallel rows along two lines of railroad track, with an aggre- 
 gate capacity of one million three hundred and sixty thousand 
 cubic feet. They differed in size, were sixteen feet high, 
 thirty-two feet wide, and of a length which was some multiple 
 of sixteen feet. The sheds were numbered, and within each 
 one the sections, sixteen feet square, were designated by 
 letters. All the cases in each of these sections were regis- 
 tered, so that the location of every case" was known with 
 sufficient precision to answer all practical purposes. 
 
 The following diagram illustrates the arrangement: — 
 
 F 
 
 E 
 
 D 
 
 C 
 
 B 
 
 A 
 
 F 
 
 E 
 
 D 
 
 C 
 
 B 
 
 A 
 
 North. 
 
 South. 
 
 Thirty thousand 
 empty cases. 
 
 Sheds burned. 
 
 Empty cases 
 destroyed. 
 
 The total number of empty cases, measured and receipted 
 for, placed in the sheds, was thirty thousand, which number 
 does not include the very large number of smaller cases placed 
 within the large ones as permitted, and which was done by 
 many exhibitors to an extent that made many cases heavier 
 when stored as empty than when packed with goods. 
 
 On the morning of August 26th a fire destroyed four sheds 
 with their contents of empty packing-cases. It was probably 
 kindled by spontaneous combustion of oil cloth or other 
 remains of packing material left in their cases by exhibitors 
 and overlooked by the workmen when storing them in the 
 sheds. The losses were — Austria, 136 cases; France, 1351; 
 Great Britain, 1240; Germany, 162; Mexico, 29; Norway, 51; 
 Spain, 112; United States, 1447; amounting in all to 4528. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 33 
 
 The circumstances of the case were such that, under laws Bureau of 
 
 . 1.11 • 1 t 1 1 Transportation. 
 
 relating to warehousing, the losses incurred by the burning 
 of the cases fell upon the owners. The contractors recov- 
 ered upon policies of insurance held by them only for their 
 invested interests destroyed. 
 
 At the close of the Exhibition the empty cases were brought 
 by cars and wagons and left at the entrances most convenient 
 for use, to be taken within the buildings only as required. Of 
 the cases stored nineteen thousand were reclaimed, the bal- 
 ance being abandoned. 
 
 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 Arrangements for receiving goods at such large exhi- General 
 
 ... ,. ., .._ .. ... observations. 
 
 bitions must be determined mainly from special conditions, 
 
 created by peculiarities of location and business customs of 
 
 the country. The problem should be considered by an 
 
 expert at the very inception of the enterprise, and all railroad Arrangements to- 
 
 tracks needed to facilitate the rapid and cheap construction expert. 
 
 of buildings, and the making of general preparations, should 
 
 be located so as to be available in handling exhibits without 
 
 incurring additional expense for, changing their location in 
 
 adapting them to the terminal service. 
 
 Experience confirms the anticipated advantages of having Terminal force 
 the terminal force under a single administration. That the 
 expense of this service should be cheerfully paid for by 
 those for whom the work is done is undeniable ; yet it will 
 be complained of by undiscriminating exhibitors, and it may 
 be policy to assume it as a general expense of an exhibition 
 rather than undertake to collect it. But should its collec- 
 tion be decided upon in any case, it will, under circum- 
 stances like those experienced here, be best to admit free 
 everything brought to the exhibition previous to a date some 
 weeks in advance of the opening, to charge the determined 
 rate thenceforward to the date appointed for limiting the re- 
 ceipt of goods, and to collect double rates on all things brought 
 afterwards. 
 
 It is clear that goods should not be shipped to an exhi- Exact location of 
 bition by any one, native or foreign, until the shipper is onaddress labels, 
 supplied with address labels, designating with precision the 
 
34 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau or 
 Transportation. 
 
 place of delivery, and that commissioners should not issue 
 these labels until the space on which the exhibits are to be 
 displayed is definitely determined. The failure to do this by 
 the commissioners of some of the foreign countries partici- 
 pating in this Exhibition was the occasion of more confusion 
 in the reception of goods than all other causes combined. 
 
 THE TERMINAL FORCE. 
 
 The Centennial 
 Terminal 
 Agency, 
 Limited. 
 
 Contract. 
 
 Duties. 
 
 Capacity of 
 appliances and 
 force. 
 
 After the proposed manner and method of performing the 
 terminal service had been approved by the Director-General, 
 it was decided, in accordance with the general policy of 
 the Centennial Board of Finance, — which was to effect 
 special contracts with proper parties for the various prepa- 
 rations for the Exhibition, — to contract with a company, or- 
 ganized therefor, for the performance of the entire terminal 
 service, including the provision of all facilities and appliances 
 to be used, and the compilation of specified reports of the 
 service performed, so that no working force for such purpose 
 would have to be organized within this Bureau. Accord- 
 ingly, a contract was made with the Centennial Terminal 
 Agency (Limited) to perform the service. 
 
 They contracted to provide all facilities and appliances in 
 the way of railroad tracks, engines, cranes, trucks, platforms, 
 &c, which the service might, in the judgment of the Chief of 
 the Bureau of Transportation, demand. 
 
 "To receive, at the entrance of the Exhibition grounds, all 
 articles and packages of exhibitors, and other goods on which 
 the terminal charges have been paid, unload and place the same 
 upon the space allotted the exhibitor and to which addressed; 
 to remove the empty cases and packing material, and store 
 the same under shelter until the close of the Exhibition, when 
 they will return said empty cases and packing material in as 
 good condition as when received; and, when repacked by the 
 exhibitor or his agent, remove said exhibits thus repacked to 
 the entrance of the Exhibition grounds, and place them, 
 loaded for transportation, in charge of the agency previously 
 designated by the shipper or the Director-General." 
 
 Also, that they would provide "the appliances and working 
 force in each and every respect ample and sufficient to receive, 
 handle, and deliver daily, when necessary, at least one load or 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 35 
 
 article of sixty tons, two loads or articles of twenty tons each, Bureau of 
 ten loads or articles of ten tons each, twenty loads or articles of rans P° rtatlon - 
 five tons each, and three hundred loads of articles of five tons 
 each, and also to remove and store the empty cases and pack- 
 ing material thereof;" and would "cause to be made and kept, 
 of their entire work, full reports, records, and statements, in 
 form as hereto annexed." 
 
 It was also agreed that the contractors should have the Railroad tracks, 
 exclusive right to use the railroad tracks within the grounds. 
 
 The railroad tracks, constructed in connection with the Ex- 
 hibition and under the control of its authorities, extended 
 from Elm avenue, the point of connection with the tracks 
 of the Pennsylvania Railroad, to various places within the 
 grounds. The movement of freight cars over these tracks 
 was entirely independent of the agents of the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad, who transferred the loaded cars, locked and sealed, 
 across Elm avenue, as in ordinary business such cars when en 
 route are transferred from one railroad company to another, 
 and at this point the service of the contractors commenced. 
 
 As required at the sidings for which they had been marked Transfer of cars, 
 and assorted, the cars were transferred from the tracks of the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad to those within the grounds, and un- 
 loaded as rapidly as possible. Through the service of a tele- 
 graph line information was instantly announced at the central 
 office of the company when the unloading was completed, 
 enabling the management to replace the cars with others 
 without an unnecessary loss of time, or, if they so wished, to 
 transfer the working force to some place where its services 
 were needed. In the course of current operations, receiving 
 a quantity of goods as large as are shipped to an exhibition, Difficulties 
 
 solved. 
 
 there daily arise difficult problems as to the best method of 
 handling heavy, bulky, or fragile articles, and their solution 
 calls for the immediate exercise of sound judgment, which the 
 contractors showed great skill and readiness in meeting. 
 
 The large amount of labor performed by the contractors 
 with a limited number of men, and with few mechanical appli- 
 ances, is a good illustration of an energetic and effective 
 conduct of business. (Page 73.) 
 
36 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Removal of 
 exhibits. 
 
 Freedom from 
 restrictions. 
 
 Restoring 
 appliances. 
 
 Returning 
 empty cases. 
 
 REMOVAL OF EXHIBITS. 
 
 Within a few minutes of the stopping of the Corliss engine 
 in Machinery Hall, on Friday, November 10th, a wagon, 
 loaded with empty cases for the British section of the Exhi- 
 bition, was driven in through the main gateway of the grounds, 
 thus promptly inaugurating, in a significant manner, the work 
 of removing exhibits. There was no apparent effort made by 
 exhibitors to remove goods until November 13th, when the 
 dismantling of the Exhibition began, principally by local 
 exhibitors during the first few days, for whose goods a 
 throng of carts and trucks crowded near the entrances of the 
 buildings. 
 
 Measures were taken to guard only the buildings of which 
 the officers of the Exhibition were custodians, — leaving the 
 gateways free for the admission and exit of teams, so that the 
 removal of goods from private buildings was wholly unre- 
 stricted. The removal of exhibits from the principal build- 
 ings was made as free from restrictions as possible. The 
 doorkeepers passed out any exhibitor or workman with goods 
 on the verbal or written authority of the Chief of the Bureau 
 in charge of the building, or that of his assistants ; while the 
 terminal force, which removed goods when requested, was 
 known by its uniform caps, and was not required to show 
 any pass to do so. (For form of pass and copy of regulations, 
 see pages 10 1 and 104.) 
 
 The labor of taking up the flooring over the railroad tracks 
 in the buildings where they had been retained, of re-erecting 
 platforms for loading goods on cars or wagons, and placing 
 shears and other appliances into position for use, was com- 
 menced the night of November 10th, and completed during 
 the following week, in time for use as soon as required. 
 
 Empty packing-cases were delivered on presentation of a 
 receipted bill showing that the storage charges had been paid. 
 They were brought from the storage sheds on wagons or cars, 
 according to the location of the space at which they were to be 
 delivered. Usually they were left en masse at the most con- 
 venient doorway, from which they were taken into buildings 
 as needed. To have placed them directly on an exhibitor's 
 space would have been to block his work of packing goods 
 for removal. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 37 
 
 If the goods were to be shipped under conditions entitling Bureau of 
 the shipper to claim free return transportation over the rail- Trans P° rtatl0n - 
 roads, he filled blanks in quadruplicate, applying to the Chief 
 of this Bureau for certificate to be presented the agents of the Certificate for 
 railroad companies. This blank (page 104), if the application transportation, 
 was approved, was stamped across its face with an endorsement 
 and returned to him, thus becoming the certificate asked for. 
 
 The service of the terminal agency in removing goods when terminal 
 began only when the packages were ready for shipment. service egan- 
 The shipper was furnished with a blank form (page 105), one 
 section of which was an order to the Terminal Agency to load 
 the goods, which blank, filled ready for signature, was, with 
 the certificate fer free return transportation, if any, presented 
 to a representative of the agency, who had the goods removed, 
 and obtained from the railroad company a receipt which he 
 handed to the shipper. 
 
 The removal of goods was conducted with order and dis- order and 
 patch to a degree that left an observer unable to form an spat 
 accurate opinion of the quantity of material being removed, 
 which was often as much as eight hundred tons, net, in a day. 
 The removal by wagons was conducted very actively at first, 
 and was quite completed by December 1st. 
 
 No attempt was made to ascertain the quantity of goods Quantity of 
 
 1 t-> 1 -i • • 1 1 -l goods removed. 
 
 removed from the Exhibition by means other than railroad. 
 A daily record of loaded cars taken from the grounds is given 
 in statement H (page 70), and the quantity of goods shipped 
 for each country in statement I (page 71). The difference 
 between the amount of goods given in these statements and 
 that in statements E and F is covered by the weight of 
 goods removed by wagon, &c, or left for the Permanent 
 Exhibition. 
 
 CUSTOMS REGULATIONS. 
 
 An act of Congress, approved June 18th, 1874, provided as 
 follows: — 
 
 "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of customs 
 the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all re s ulat,ons - 
 articles which shall be imported for the sole purpose of ex- Act of Congress, 
 hibition at the International Exhibition to be held in the city 
 
EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 of Philadelphia in the year 1876, shall be admitted without 
 the payment of duty or of customs fees or charges, under 
 such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall pre- 
 scribe : Provided, That all such articles as shall be sold in the 
 United States or withdrawn for consumption therein at any 
 time after such importation shall be subject to the duties, if 
 any, imposed on like articles by the revenue laws in force at 
 the date of importation : And provided further, That in case 
 any articles imported under the provisions of this act shall 
 be withdrawn for consumption, or shall be sold without pay- 
 ment of duty as required by law, all the penalties prescribed 
 by the revenue laws shall be applied and enforced against 
 such articles and against the person who may be guilty of 
 such withdrawal or sale." 
 
 Customs 
 regulations. 
 
 Inadequate. 
 
 Second set of 
 
 regulations 
 
 burdensome. 
 
 It was supposed that the above act gave the Secretary of 
 the Treasury all needed authority to issue such regulations 
 as would facilitate, in a practical and satisfactory manner, the 
 importation and display of foreign exhibits. It was desirable 
 that foreign exhibitors and commissioners should not be 
 compelled, at ports of arrival other than Philadelphia, to 
 comply with the complicated formulas of the customs ser- 
 vice demanded in ordinary commercial transactions. It was 
 thought by the officers of the Exhibition that the agents of 
 the Government should, in view of the participation in the 
 Exhibition by foreign nations being an act of courtesy and 
 a manifestation of good-will, waive the enforcement of the 
 rigid rules of the customs service, except as retained specific- 
 ally by the act of Congress above given. Unfortunately, these 
 views, while assented to by the officials of the Government, 
 were counteracted by their interpretation of the law, and 
 so the regulations issued by the Secretary of the Treasury 
 October 3d, 1874, to govern the free importation of exhibits, 
 were so burdensome in their provisions that they were an- 
 nulled and others superseding them issued November 1st, 1875. 
 
 The second regulations did not fully meet the require- 
 ments of the case. They were unnecessarily exacting in 
 relation to entry for transportation, warehouse entry for 
 goods imported at Philadelphia, the method of appraising 
 goods, and directing such appraisal to be made before 
 permitting the unpacking and display of the goods. They 
 exacted the entry for transportation for goods imported at 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 39 
 
 New York and Baltimore, but not at Philadelphia, although Bureau of 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 to the ordinary mind the difference between the two condi- 
 tions is the difference in the mileage of sealed cars containing 
 the goods. This entry at these cities was viewed as unneces- 
 sary and troublesome, and was the occasion of both annoyance 
 and expense to foreign exhibitors. Warehouse entry for goods 
 imported at Philadelphia was required before they could be 
 removed from the docks to the Exhibition, but there were 
 so many instances in which, from the absence of the invoices 
 or of any person to act for the owner, the entry could not be 
 made, that the rules had to be waived. The docks were 
 blocked with an accumulation of packages from successively 
 arriving steamers, preventing the removal of even those goods 
 for which every exaction of the law had been met, and threat- 
 ening to involve the whole business in inextricable confusion. 
 
 After a very troublesome and costly experience, the method Method of 
 of appraising exhibits inaugurated by that department of the abandoned, 
 service had to be abandoned. 
 
 The provision of the regulations which forbade foreign Removing goods 
 exhibitors removing any article from the place assigned with- 
 out a permit from the collector of customs, or taking it from 
 the Exhibition until regularly entered, &c, was objectionable 
 to many exhibitors. Their attention was called to the penal- 
 ties incurred in a notice issued by the collector, the closing 
 paragraph of which reads : — 
 
 " Exhibitors withdrawing goods for any purpose, either for 
 consumption or sale, without complying with the provisions 
 of the above-quoted law and regulations, violate the revenue 
 laws and make themselves liable to fine and imprisonment." 
 
 After the opening of the Exhibition there were instances of Defective 
 such imperfect records and statements for customs purposes, Avoids 3 " 
 relative to some of the foreign goods displayed, that demands 
 for privileges to sell could not be granted. As a solution of 
 these difficulties, there were issued under date of June 1st, 
 1876, additional special regulations for the disposition of for- 
 eign goods during and at the close of the Exhibition. 
 
 This third set of regulations did not meet the difficulties of Third set of 
 the case, and was complied with in but few instances. The inadequate, 
 absence of invoices or a misunderstanding of the requirements 
 
40 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Joint resolution 
 of Congress. 
 
 Additional 
 regulations. 
 
 Payment of 
 duties. 
 
 Arrangements at 
 close of the 
 Exhibition. 
 
 Invoices. 
 
 Special form of 
 customs blanks 
 
 of the regulations created so many irregularities in attempts 
 to effect sales, and of such serious character, that the customs 
 officers were compelled to interfere, and in such cases stop the 
 sale of goods until the laws and regulations were complied 
 with. 
 
 Congress passed a joint resolution in relation thereto, 
 which, with additional regulations by the Secretary of the 
 Treasury, was published July 21st, 1876, conceding methods 
 of entering goods intended for sale, which were acceptable to 
 foreign exhibitors. 
 
 The commissioner or exhibitor was requested to prepare 
 a list, comprising all articles held by them for sale, in the 
 form and with affidavit prescribed (page 128). These lists 
 were submitted to customs appraisers to enter thereon the 
 duty to which the articles were subject. The acting deputy 
 collector on duty at the Exhibition charged the gross amount 
 of such duties against the exhibitor, and received daily reports 
 of sales (page 1 29). Once a week (on Monday) payment was 
 made of the duties on all sales since the previous payment, 
 and the amount thereof credited to the exhibitor by the 
 deputy collector, who checked the articles sold off the ex- 
 hibitor's list. 
 
 At the close of the Exhibition the foreign sections of the 
 Main and Agricultural Buildings were enclosed by board or 
 rope fences, and customs inspectors placed at the respective 
 entrances to prevent the unauthorized admission or removal 
 of dutiable goods. The customs officials required detailed 
 export entries made, and closely supervised the repacking 
 of exhibits. 
 
 The basis of all customs business relative to the importa- 
 tion of foreign goods is the invoice. The special form of 
 invoice adapted to the importation of exhibits is given in the 
 Appendix (page 126), and the regulations prescribing the use 
 of it (page 112). A strict compliance with these regulations 
 in the preparation of original invoices smoothed the way for 
 making the various entries, obtaining permits, and conducting 
 business in harmony with the rules governing the customs 
 service. 
 
 Special forms of blanks were provided for the customs 
 service in conformity with the regulations. The general 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 41 
 
 character of those for immediate transportation entry, ware- Bureau of 
 
 • 1111 11 • • Transportation. 
 
 house entry, and export entry will be understood by examining 
 that for warehouse entry, reprinted in the Appendix (page 127), 
 the headings and affidavits being adapted to the particular 
 use for which they were intended. Each form of entry called 
 for a corresponding form of permit, which will be under- Entries and 
 stood by examining that issued on the completion of ware- 
 house entry, given in the Appendix (page 128). 
 
 The list of goods for sale, with an affidavit (page 128), and Entry of daily 
 the report of daily sales (page 129), provided for by special 
 regulations of July 21st, 1876 (page 1 19), answered as a fourth 
 form of entry and were used with a corresponding permit 
 (page 129). 
 
 After the completion of the immediate transportation entry Manifests. 
 and the issue of a corresponding permit there was a special 
 form of manifest used (page 130), as also in the case of 
 export entry. 
 
 Several special forms of bonds were provided for the com- Bonds, 
 pletion of the system on which the business has been con- 
 ducted. These were in part for transportation companies, but 
 two forms to be used by exhibitors are republished in the 
 Appendix (pages 131 and 132). 
 
 The officers and employees of the customs service on duty officers of 
 at the Exhibition are entitled to great credit for the manner customs - 
 and spirit with which they have performed their arduous 
 duties, dealing with people unconversant with our customs 
 laws, and often compelled to act without definite authority. 
 They have done all in their power to aid the management and 
 bring the enterprise to a successful result. 
 
 The management of the Exhibition assumed the cost of the Cost of 
 
 ... .. . . . . , .,, warehouse entry. 
 
 brokers service in making the warehouse entry required by 
 the customs regulations for properly placing goods within the 
 Exhibition. This was done by organizing a customs depart- 
 ment in this Bureau, the superintendency being very accept- 
 ably filled by Mr. John W. Hampton, Jr., of Philadelphia. 
 
 The total number of warehouse entries made in placing Number of 
 goods in the Exhibition was about two thousand, which Sitries° use 
 include invoices covering the entire exhibit made by all 
 foreign countries, representing about twenty-three thousand 
 exhibitors. 
 
42 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 RAILROADS RUNNING TO PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Service of 
 railroads 
 running to 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Freedom from 
 accident. 
 
 Philadelphia and 
 
 Reading 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 Railroad and its 
 extensive 
 preparations. 
 
 Generous 
 co-operation. 
 
 Centennial depot 
 of Pennsylvania 
 Railroad. 
 
 The transportation of building material and exhibits, the 
 local passenger traffic, and the transportation of visitors to and 
 from the city on the extended scale with which these services 
 have been performed by railroad companies in the vicinity of 
 Philadelphia, entitle them to the warmest thanks of every 
 person who has labored for the success of the Exhibition. 
 To the managers of these companies great praise is due for 
 the precision with which their trains were run, and the free- 
 dom from accident which marked the service of their several 
 roads. To two companies, however, brought by the location 
 of their lines into closer relations with the Exhibition than 
 the others, we are greatly indebted for valuable co-operation 
 in advancing its interests, namely, the Philadelphia and Read- 
 ing Railroad, for the promptness and excellent method with 
 which its managers organized and operated a comprehen- 
 sively arranged passenger train service between the Exhibi- 
 tion and different sections of the city traversed by their 
 tracks, which proved to be invaluable, and was performed 
 without lessening the service of bringing visitors from with- 
 out the city, and the Pennsylvania Railroad, the manage- 
 ment of which made extensive purchases of ground in the 
 vicinity of the Exhibition to enable it to provide facili- 
 ties for its business. They built many miles of track and 
 extensively changed the arrangement of tracks in their 
 yard so that their Centennial business, as also that of con- 
 necting lines thrown on them, was conducted promptly and 
 efficiently, without delaying or disarranging the vast volume 
 of their regular traffic. The generous spirit with which this 
 company co-operated in all matters pertaining to, and in 
 advancing the interests of, the Exhibition, has surprised and 
 justly won the admiration of all. 
 
 All railroads running to Philadelphia doing other than 
 local business, except the Philadelphia and Reading, delivered 
 their Centennial passengers at the depot of the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad Company, located on Elm avenue, in front of the 
 main entrance to the Exhibition. It was reached by a circle of 
 three tracks sweeping from the main roadway. (Page 6.) 
 The length of these tracks was four-fifths of a mile, and the 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 43 
 
 diameter of the circle they described six hundred feet. All Bureau of 
 
 i • 1 i Transportation, 
 
 trains entered this circle heading to the right, and departed 
 from the opposite side. Three trains could be landing or 
 receiving passengers in front of the depot at the same time, 
 the entire tracks in its vicinity being floored over, and, regard- 
 less of the direction the trains came from or departed for, 
 they moved in the same direction on the tracks in the circle, 
 without confusion, delay, or danger. These facilities had 
 capacity for receiving 25,000 or sending away over 10,000 
 passengers per ho%ir. 
 
 There were seventeen additional sidings connected with the Sidings. 
 circle, of a length of one thousand feet each, upon which 
 waiting trains were run and remained, with engines attached, 
 until the time arrived for them to enter upon the circle, receive 
 their passengers, and depart for their destination. 
 
 The magnitude of the service of railroads in relation to the Freight service. 
 Exhibition is shown by the following statements :— 
 
 Number of loaded freight cars delivered in 1874, July 
 
 to December, inclusive, ...... 3,341 
 
 Number of loaded freight cars delivered in 1875, Janu- 
 ary to December, inclusive, ..... 10,479 
 
 Number of loaded freight cars delivered in 1876, 
 
 January to November 10th, ..... 6,340 
 
 Total 20,160 
 
 The estimated weight of goods and material on these cars 
 was about two hundred thousand tons, net. 
 
 The transportation of passengers to and from the Exhi- Passenger 
 
 service 
 
 bition was a work of exceptional magnitude. The passenger- 
 train service, including trains to and from without the city, 
 at the two Centennial depots, during the continuance of the 
 Exhibition, was as follows: — 
 
 At Pennsylvania Railroad depot, .... 23,972 
 At Philadelphia and Reading Railroad depot, . . 42,495 
 
 Total, 66,467 
 
44 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation 
 
 Unequal 
 movement of 
 passengers. 
 
 Heaviest day's 
 service. 
 
 The average number of trains daily, for one hundred and 
 fifty-nine week-days, was over four hundred and ten, with an 
 average of over six cars to each train, giving accommoda- 
 tions, in the whole number of trains, for over twenty million 
 passengers. 
 
 This theoretically-possible service was not attained, as the 
 movement of visitors was very unequal at different hours 
 of the day. It was almost entirely towards the Exhibition in 
 the morning and towards the city in the evening, affording an 
 actual patronage of the railroads of about one-fourth the 
 volume of business which they could have handled. 
 
 The greatest service within one day at the Centennial depots 
 was as follows : — 
 
 
 Trains. 
 
 Cars. 
 
 Passengers. 
 
 At Pennsylvania Railroad depot, 
 
 At Philadelphia and Reading Railroad depot, . . 
 
 255 
 370 
 
 2,004 
 2,867 
 
 85,347 
 185,800 
 
 Total, 
 
 620 
 
 4,871 
 
 244,147 
 
 Total number of The number of passengers handled at the Centennial depots 
 during the Exhibition was : — 
 
 
 Arriving. 
 
 Departing. 
 
 Total. 
 
 At Philadelphia and Reading Railroad depot, 
 
 1.392,697 
 I,726,OIO 
 
 1,219,516 
 1,569,110 
 
 2,612,213 
 3,295,120 
 
 Total, 
 
 3>"8.707 
 
 2,788,626 
 
 5,907,333 
 
 The greater number of passengers transported to the Exhi- 
 bition than from it, results from the continuous movement of 
 visitors going there during about eight hours, — from seven 
 o'clock, A. M., until about three o'clock, P. M., — while the 
 return movement was confined mainly to about four hours, — 
 from three to seven o'clock, P. M. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 45 
 
 TRANSPORTATION OF VISITORS TO PHILADEL- Bureau of 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 PHIA. 
 From the organization of this Bureau, the development of Transportation 
 
 _.,.._, . r . . i -i-> i -i *j • of visitors to 
 
 facilities for the transportation of visitors to the Exhibition Philadelphia, 
 was carefully studied. Hopes were entertained of uniting 
 all the railroad companies in the country in a joint concession 
 of excursion tickets to Philadelphia, at low rates of fare, 
 from every important town in America. The great number Action taken by 
 of such companies, co-operating through " The Association agents. 
 of General Passenger and Ticket Agents" of railroad and 
 steamboat companies in the United States and Canada, di- 
 rected the principal efforts of this Bureau to securing favorable 
 action by it. At the meeting of the association on Septem- 
 ber 1 8th, 1875, after full discussion of the matter, it was refer- 
 red to a committee, whose report, as amended, was announced 
 February 9th, 1876, as the final action of the association 
 (page 106). 
 
 The concession so granted was a reduction of only twenty- Twenty-five per 
 five per cent, from the convention rate, without any more in rates very 
 favorable recognition of large organized bodies of visitors 
 than of individuals. When announced, it was received 
 throughout the country with profound dissatisfaction, and 
 ultimately led to the abandonment of most efforts to organize 
 large excursion parties of visitors to the Exhibition. The 
 almost universal custom of transportation companies in this 
 country has been to sell round-trip tickets for the regular 
 rate in one direction to agricultural fairs, exhibitions, political 
 meetings, and all other important public gatherings, and the 
 American people had not contemplated any less favorable 
 condition in connection with the Centennial Exhibition. 
 Throughout the country individuals and officers of societies 
 interested in the matter appealed to the railroad companies 
 to reconsider their action, and failing in this, in most cases 
 abandoned their plans for excursion parties. The action taken 
 by the railroad companies indicated a belief that the attrac- 
 tions of the Exhibition would draw the people to Philadelphia, 
 regardless of the rate of fare charged for their transportation, 
 which, unfortunately, did not prove to be the case. Rates Local rates more 
 more favorable than those fixed by the convention were 
 
4 6 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Irregular rates. 
 
 Revised action 
 by general ticket 
 agents. 
 
 Passenger rates 
 at previous 
 exhibitions. 
 
 given by roads terminating in Philadelphia from points on 
 their lines, limiting their cheaper tickets to use within very 
 short periods of time (page 80). By special arrangement 
 between competing lines, in connection with particular excur- 
 sions, such as for State days, exceptionally low rates were 
 made. 
 
 The general demand for low rates was in part answered by the 
 sale of cheaper tickets at many places, through the influences 
 of warfare in rates between the trunk line railroad companies. 
 The extent of the reductions, secured through these influences, 
 is shown by a list of prices given in the table (D, page 67). 
 The sale of these cheaper tickets finally becoming general, 
 the General Ticket Agents' Association was compelled, at 
 a meeting held early in September, 1876, to take official 
 action in relation thereto. The policy of conceding a re- 
 duction of only twenty-five per cent, in the price of Cen- 
 tennial excursion tickets was believed to be a mistake by 
 several members of the association, and they advocated a 
 reduction as liberal as custom had established for other occa- 
 sions — one of fifty per cent. The discussion of the matter 
 resulted in a recognition of the prevailing cut or irregular 
 rates, and conceded an increased reduction from many points 
 (pages 67 and 108), with the most favorable results in stimu- 
 lating the disposition of people to visit the Exhibition. 
 
 A comparison of passenger rates on American and Austrian 
 railroads to the exhibitions at Vienna and Philadelphia is 
 given in statements D and R (pages 67 and 77), and also 
 some notes on rates in England and France, to illustrate this, 
 one of the most important matters which can influence the 
 fortune of an exhibition. 
 
 LOCAL TRANSPORTATION OF VISITORS. 
 
 Local passenger 
 transportation. 
 
 The Exhibition being located about two and a half miles 
 from the centre of population, made the question of local 
 transportation for visitors particularly important, as such 
 transportation facilities should be so cheap and abundant, from 
 all sections of the widely-built city, that the cost and trouble 
 of getting to and from the Exhibition should not influence 
 visitors to keep away. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. tf 
 
 At an early day several lines of tramway were extended Bureau of 
 
 ._,.... , , - . ,. Transportation. 
 
 to the Exhibition grounds, as throngs of curious and mter- 
 
 ... ... r Tramways. 
 
 ested persons desired to visit them long before the open- 
 ing. On many occasions the equipment of cars and horses 
 on these lines was insufficient to accommodate the crowds of 
 such visitors ; but these deficiencies afforded valuable expe- 
 rience, showing the extensive preparation to be made for 
 carrying the mass of visitors to come after the Exhibition 
 should be open. It was clearly seen that the tramways 
 could not meet all the demands for local transportation, and 
 that adequate preparation could not be made except by utiliz- 
 ing the steam roads which, while penetrating the city from 
 different sides, are joined by connecting roadways that gave to 
 all of them excellent lines of communication, direct to the 
 Exhibition enclosure. It was only necessary to show what 
 facilities would be required, to enlist in the work of preparation 
 the active co-operation of the managers of these various 
 roads. An opportunity for this came with the national anni- 
 versary and its attending festivities in July, 1875, on which Experience July 
 day over 1 30,000 persons were transported to the park and a 4 ' 
 much larger number left to walk, because means for their 
 transportation could not be obtained. On that day the various 
 transportation companies, including boats, railroads, and tram- 
 ways, united in a schedule of arrangements that fully tested 
 the capacity of existing facilities and pointed out the changes 
 therein necessary for transporting to the Exhibition the 
 throng of visitors expected in 1876. 
 
 These arrangements, as finally determined, included, first, Arrangements 
 train service by the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and 
 Reading Railroad Companies over several routes, as named in 
 the accompanying statements ; second, tramway service by 
 the West Philadelphia, Philadelphia City, Hestonville, Mantua 
 and Fairmount, Germantown, and West-End Passenger Rail- 
 way Companies over their respective lines to the Exhibition 
 entrances; third, steamboats on the Schuylkill river; and 
 fourth, carriages, wagonettes, &c. (Pages 74 and 75.) 
 
 The railroad trains running to the Exhibition started Railroad trains 
 from stations located in distinct sections of the city, widely 
 apart, affording superior accommodations for passengers at 
 low rates of fare, but a trifle in excess of street-car prices. 
 
4 8 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Exchange 
 tickets. 
 
 Extent of the 
 tramway lines. 
 
 Rates and 
 exceeding 
 cheapness of 
 transportation. 
 
 Concourse at the 
 Exhibition. 
 
 The large number of stations en route, and the harmony of 
 arrangements with connecting tramway lines, made the char- 
 acter of this method of transportation unexceptionable and 
 invaluable to the interests of the Exhibition. Conductors on 
 cars of tramway lines throughout the city sold, at low rates, 
 exchange tickets, with which visitors traveled to the Exhi- 
 bition, according to specified limitations, by either of the 
 routes of steam railroad. The depots of the two roads were 
 near the entrances of the Exhibition, and arranged to facilitate 
 the handling of the large number of passengers carried on 
 the trains. 
 
 Most notable, however, was the service of the tramway lines 
 in affording exceptionally cheap and ready means of reaching 
 the Exhibition from all parts of the city. More than two 
 hundred and sixty miles of the streets of Philadelphia are 
 traversed by a network of two hundred and eighty-three miles 
 of track of these roads, on which are run lines three hundred 
 and sixty-four miles in aggregate length, using one thousand 
 and eighty-six cars, with eight thousand eight hundred and 
 twenty-six horses, giving, in excellent manner, a convenient 
 and cheap method of conveyance of persons from one part 
 of the city to another. The single fare on these lines is 
 seven cents, or four tickets, good on any city railway, for 
 twenty-five cents, such single fare paying in some cases for 
 transportation a distance of five miles. Each company also 
 issues an exchange ticket for nine cents, which entitles the 
 holder to ride on the cars of most' connecting lines. The 
 completeness with which this system of exchange ticketing 
 has been developed has enabled fully nine-tenths of the popu- 
 lation of the city to visit the Exhibition at a cost for transpor- 
 tation, for the round trip, not exceeding eighteen cents for each 
 visitor; to use which they have not, with few exceptions, 
 had to walk, to take the cars, a distance of even one-fourth of 
 a mile, while along the routes of the companies running cars 
 direct to the Exhibition, a distance of thirty-three miles, 
 people were taken from their doors to the Exhibition and 
 return for only twelve and a half cents. 
 
 All lines of street cars to the Exhibition grounds were run 
 to the concourse near the main entrance, where the tracks were 
 so arranged that cars of each of the five lines stood headed 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 49 
 
 westward, at a distance from the gates convenient for receiving Bureau of 
 
 . .... Transportation. 
 
 passengers. They departed by two routes, using tracks jointly 
 for some distance, and in such manner that no opportunity 
 existed for confusion or disorder in arriving or departing. 
 
 The third method of local transportation named above, that steamboats. 
 of steamboats on "the Schuylkill, was singularly pleasant and 
 attractive. Visitors to the Exhibition by this route, reaching 
 the East Park, found at the landing a small passenger steam- 
 boat, admirably suited to the service, on which, for a fare of 
 ten cents, they could ride to the Centennial landing in front of 
 Horticultural Hall, having before them en route a delightful 
 panorama of Park scenery, with views of bridges, Exhibition 
 buildings, &c. Even by this route exchange tickets were sold 
 on the cars of companies having lines of tramway to the 
 vicinity of the landing, so that for fifteen cents the visitor was 
 transported by it to the Exhibition from nearly all parts of the 
 city. 
 
 The transportation of visitors to the Exhibition by car- carriages not 
 riages, omnibuses, &c, was to a limited extent only, and pa ' 
 previous to September ist, except on a few days, with large 
 attendance, these vehicles did not have paying patronage, 
 owing to the cheapness of rates and convenient accessibility 
 of other methods of transportation ; but after that date, 
 thanks to the unprecedented number of visitors, they had 
 all they could care for. Several private companies were 
 organized to furnish carriage service, and by their low 
 rates and excellent conduct of business were of great ser- 
 vice to the interests of the Exhibition, answering require- 
 ments that otherwise could not have been met. The pioneer 
 of these was the Exhibition Transfer Company, Limited, 
 which exerted a good influence, in addition to that referred to, 
 by introducing the excellent style of vehicle which was built 
 for their use and adopted by others. In preparing for the 
 Exhibition, the important service rendered by carriages, both 
 public and private, in transporting visitors to and from pre- 
 vious exhibitions, was remembered and made a subject of 
 consideration. The provision of suitable arrangements to sheds and yards, 
 meet the expected demand for sheds and yards for horses and 
 vehicles did not call for official action, as it was done by 
 several private parties controlling vacant ground in the 
 
Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 immediate vicinity of the Exhibition. Unfortunately for them, 
 for reasons above given, their expected patronage never came, 
 and all their investments for this purpose proved total losses. 
 Recapitulation. Briefly, the extent of these local facilities was as follows : — 
 
 i. — Steam Railroads. 
 
 Railroads. Number of routes to the Exhibition, 
 
 Mileage of routes to the Exhibition, 
 Actual mileage of tracks therein, . 
 Number of stations for receiving passengers, 
 Number of trains daily to the Exhibition, 
 Number of street car connections, . 
 Mileage of connecting street car routes, 
 Actual mileage of street railways connecting, 
 
 10 
 
 63t¥tt miles - 
 41 miles. 
 
 67 
 
 154 
 
 6 7 
 
 238* miles. 
 
 96* miles. 
 
 2. — Tramways. 
 
 Tramways. Number of lines running to the Exhibition, . 6 
 
 Mileage of the same, ..... 33* miles. 
 
 Actual mileage of streets traversed, . . 30* miles. 
 Number of cars run on above, in one hour, 
 
 one direction, ...... 193 
 
 Number of connecting lines selling exchange 
 
 tickets over the above, .... 103 
 
 Mileage of routes in these lines, . . . 294* miles. 
 
 Actual mileage of streets traversed by same, . 70* miles. 
 
 3. — Steamboats on the Schuylkill River. 
 
 steamboats. Length of route, ...... 
 
 Number of landings from which passengers 
 
 were taken to the Exhibition, 
 Number of trips hourly, .... 
 
 Number of street car connections, 
 Mileage of the routes of the same, 
 
 4}4 miles 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 iy}4* miles. 
 
 * This does not include the mi 
 from the connecting point. 
 
 leage of that part of lines on which cars run 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 51 
 
 4. — Carriages, &c. 
 
 Number of public carriages, &c. licensed to 
 
 November 1st, 1876, .... 
 
 Number of livery carriages, .... 
 
 Total, 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Carriages. 
 
 533 
 500 
 
 1,033 
 
 The cost of riding the round trip to and from the Exhibi- Cost of local 
 
 transportation. 
 
 tion was, from locations on different lines within the city, as 
 follows : — 
 
 On 22^ 
 On 6% 
 On 8 
 On 4 
 On 33 
 On 71 
 On 87 
 
 miles of railroad it was 
 
 miles it was 
 
 miles it was 
 
 miles it was 
 
 miles of tramway lines it was 
 
 miles it was 
 
 miles it was 
 
 On 4^ miles of river route it was 
 
 16^ cents. 
 25 cents. 
 32^3 cents. 
 45 cents. 
 12^ cents. 
 18 cents. 
 25 cents. 
 20 cents. 
 
 Rates for one seat in a public wagonette, omnibus, &c, to 
 points in the direction towards the centre of the city, within 
 about three miles distance from the Exhibition, were 25 or 50 
 cents, according to the vehicle. 
 
 The estimated capacity to transport visitors to the Exhibi- capacity of 
 tion by the different methods, from all sections of the city, was transportation. 
 as follows : — 
 
 By railroad, hourly, . 6,250 Up to 3 P. M., 50,000 visitors. 
 
 By tramways, hourly, 
 By steamboat, hourly, 
 By carriages, &c, . 
 
 12,180 Up to 3 P. M., 107,440 visitors. 
 2,500 Up to 3 P. M., 20,000 visitors. 
 1,000 Up to 3 P. M., 8,000 visitors. 
 
 Total, hourly, . . 21,930 Up to 3 P. M., 185,440 visitors. 
 
 But such estimates of the capacity of the different methods Experience on 
 
 - . . . , ii- • Pennsylvania 
 
 01 local transportation have a value only in presenting a Day. 
 systematized statement of transportation facilities related to 
 the Exhibition. The actual experiences of a day on which 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 52 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 187b. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Multitude of 
 visitors. 
 
 all the resources of the companies were taxed to their 
 utmost limits, will convey a more impressive idea of what 
 could be done. On the 28th of September, designated as 
 " Pennsylvania Day," the number of visitors exceeded that 
 of any day at any Exhibition, and probably of any day at 
 any time, where a fee has been charged for admission to an 
 entertainment, the total number of admissions being 274,919. 
 Over 200,000 people were at the Exhibition, within or with- 
 out, at one o'clock, P. M., and over 300,000 had been there 
 by six o'clock, P. M. For several weeks previous all the 
 railroads in Philadelphia had been severely taxed to accom- 
 modate local passengers for the Exhibition; but ample as their 
 facilities were for even the extraordinary demands then made 
 upon them, they were, on the 28th of September, entirely 
 inadequate. The managers pressed into service cars of every 
 description — baggage cars, box cars, fruit cars, flat cars, 
 and all others not in use, improvising rough passenger 
 cars from them. On that day there were run to and from 
 Philadelphia on these roads 638 passenger trains, in which 
 were 2993 cars, with 130,245 passengers; in addition to 
 which, on the Pennsylvania and Philadelphia and Reading 
 roads over 200,000 local passengers were transported to and 
 from the Exhibition. 
 
 Everyone seemed to have the same thought, that he 
 would avoid the crush by going early. As a consequence, 
 the railway depots and street crossings in the city were 
 thronged soon after seven o'clock in the morning. Trains 
 leaving at seven o'clock were comfortably filled. Every train 
 leaving after that hour up to noon (and they ran much more 
 frequently than usual) left more passengers in the depots than 
 it carried away. From this time until evening there were 
 passengers enough to fill most of the trains. Scarcely would 
 the cars arrive in the depot before they were filled — the extem- 
 porized cars as soon as others. After half-past six A. M. 
 the street cars were filled to the last inch, — while there was a 
 foothold on the platforms the people would cling to them. 
 Every kind of conveyance was pressed into the service, and 
 furniture-cars, wagons, drays, and carts came in quick suc- 
 cession, and deposited their loads of passengers on the broad 
 sidewalks on Elm avenue. The sidewalks of the principal 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 53 
 
 streets approaching the Exhibition were, from an early hour Bureau of 
 
 , . 7 1 • 1 ■ • 11 • 1 Transportation. 
 
 in the morning, thronged with visitors walking to the en- 
 trances, who were unable to secure opportunities to ride. The 
 great majority came to the Exhibition, but many others came 
 to hang upon the outskirts, and Elm avenue was thronged 
 with people bent on seeking amusement outside of the Exhi- 
 bition grounds. The living tide of travel, which slackened a 
 little towards noon, set in again after dinner, and the scenes 
 of the morning, so far as the street cars were concerned, were 
 repeated until the evening. The scene on Belmont and Elm 
 avenues baffles description. Street cars and vehicles of every 
 variety formed almost unbroken lines, and it was with great 
 difficulty that a person could cross either of these streets. 
 
 The multitude moved to and fro all day, the tide of pas- 
 sengers returning to the city being very marked at mid-day, 
 and very heavy at the usual hours before night. On the con- 
 clusion of the fire-works the multitude was so large, and the 
 great throng of street cars and vehicles on Elm and Belmont 
 avenues so entangled, that it was after midnight before some 
 were able to leave the place. Thousands made no attempt 
 to ride, but resolutely walked to their homes. The move- 
 ment of this vast throng is estimated to have been as Estimate of the- 
 
 r i 1 number 
 
 IOllOWS : transported in 
 
 one day. 
 
 Attending the Exhibition, ..... 275,000 
 
 In the vicinity and not included in the above, . 50,000 
 
 Total, . . . . . . 325,000 
 
 This number doubled to represent the coming 
 
 and going, 650,000 
 
 By railroad from without the city at Centennial 
 
 stations, 50,000 
 
 Local passengers by railroad, .... 200,000 
 
 Local passengers by street cars, ..... 250,000 
 
 Walking, and from the immediate vicinity of the 
 
 Exhibition, 115,000 
 
 Carriages, &c, 20,000 
 
 Steamboats on the Schuylkill river, . . . 15,000 
 
 The total attendance of visitors, paying and free, at the Total 
 Exhibition was 9,910,966, which number doubled gives 
 
 attendance. 
 

 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 19,821,932 as the number of persons transported to and from 
 
 Transportation. ,_,,.. 
 
 the Exhibition. 
 Total passenger The movement of this vast number by the different methods 
 
 movement to and - . , 
 
 from the of transportation was approximately as follows : — 
 
 Exhibition r srr j 
 
 Railroad (city trains), 
 
 from without the city, 
 Tramway, . 
 
 Steamboat, 
 
 Carriage, .... 
 On foot, .... 
 
 Total 
 
 3,574,528 
 
 2,334,804 
 
 10,557,100 
 
 556,500 
 
 803,000 
 
 1,996,000 
 
 19,821,932 
 
 Figure 14. — Narrow-Gauge Locomotive Built by Baldwin Loco- 
 motive Works for use in Centennial Grounds. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION WITHIN THE EXHIBITION. 
 
 Transportation 
 within the 
 Exhibition. 
 
 Narrow-gauge 
 railroad. 
 
 The great extent of ground enclosed for the Exhibition 
 made it necessary to provide facilities for the transportation of 
 visitors from one section of it to another. That this should 
 be effectual, a double-track railroad, which made a circuit of 
 the grounds, was built and equipped with locomotives and cars, 
 under a concession granted the West-End Passenger Railway 
 Company. The iron rails used in the construction of the 
 road weighed forty-five pounds to the yard ; the ties of sawed 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 55 
 
 yellow pine, four by six inches, were laid at a distance of two Bureau of 
 feet, centre to centre, and the road-bed was graded and drained, 
 but not ballasted. The cost of building the road was $7200 cost of road, 
 per mile. The average expense of operating was $550 per 
 day for wages, fuel, material, repairs, &c. The number of 
 employees ranged from one hundred and seventy-five to one 
 hundred and eighty-five men. The trains were run to the right 
 and left, the stations being located for this on either side of the 
 roadway. They were run the circuit of the grounds in thirty- 
 five minutes, including stoppages, and from eight o'clock 
 A. M. until seven o'clock P. M. The rate of fare was uni- Rate of fare, 
 formly five cents for each passenger. Any other arrangement 
 for this transportation would have lacked capacity for moving 
 the nearly four million of visitors whose pleasure or conve- 
 nience led them to use the road. The locomotives used to Locomotives. 
 haul the trains were built at five different American loco- 
 motive works, all being after American patterns as modified 
 by each builder, and costing an average price of $6000 each. 
 The accompanying illustration is published in place of further 
 description. 
 
 Figure 15. — Narrow-Gauge Car built by Jackson & Sharp Com- 
 pany for use in Centennial Grounds, showing two Storm- 
 Curtains Unrolled. 
 
 The road was equipped with cars which were fitted with cars, 
 patent couplings and Westinghouse air brakes, and cost $1200 
 each. They were open at the sides, giving in all directions 
 an unobstructed view of the grounds, except when the 
 storm-curtains were unrolled from the roof. The cars were 
 thirty-five feet long, eight and a half feet wide, and seven feet 
 high in the clear, and were on two four-wheel trucks. They 
 had seats extending their full width, passengers entering and 
 leaving at the sides, to provide for which the station platforms 
 

 
 56 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Map of Railway Lines in the Vicinity of Philadelphia. 
 
 {From the General Railway Map of the Travelers' Official Guide of the Railways in the United States and Canada.) 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 57 
 
 were built to the height of the car floors. These platforms were Bureau of 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 enclosed by a simple rail of wood placed on posts three feet 
 high, between which and the floor was a coarse netting of Platforms 
 wire, preventing access to the platform or cars except through 
 the entrance, at which a collector was stationed to receive the 
 fares. 
 
 Provision for preventing accidents, comprising wire fences 
 along the lines, signal-bells, bars, and flagmen at the crossings 
 of avenues or walks, made it impossible that any but foolhardy 
 trespassers could be injured. 
 
 The total business, from May 1 5th to November 1 ith, was : — Business. 
 
 Paying passengers, . 
 Free passengers, 
 
 Total passengers, 
 Gross earnings, . 
 
 3,744,978 
 67,816 
 
 3,812,794 
 $187,295 28 
 
 For the transportation of those persons needing the accom- Roiiing-chair 
 modation within the buildings there was ample provision of 
 rolling-chairs, made for and operated by a company organized 
 for the purpose, which had a concession giving it the privi- 
 lege, and establishing a fixed schedule of rates to be charged 
 for the use of the chairs. 
 
 Figure 16.— Rolling-Chair. 
 

 
 5» 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, i8 7 6. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 59 
 
 RAILROAD TICKET OFFICES WITHIN THE „ Bureau of 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 EXHIBITION. 
 
 As a counterpart to the very generally adopted arrange- Ticket offices, 
 ment for ticketing visitors to Philadelphia and return, from 
 all sections of the country and also from Europe, Australia,- 
 China, Japan, and other portions of the world, there were 
 established within the Exhibition grounds two ticket offices for 
 the accommodation of visitors wishing to obtain information 
 about routes of travel or tickets. That of the Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 
 Railroad Company was equipped with a full stock of tickets 
 of all kinds issued by that company to meet the require- 
 ments of the different classes of business and pleasure travel- 
 ers over the extended system of lines owned or controlled 
 by it, and extending through connecting lines to every 
 important railroad station or town in America. 
 
 The other office was opened by the firm of Messrs. Cook, cook, son & 
 Son & Jenkins, the American branch of Thomas Cook & Son, 
 of London, who were, by appointment, general passenger 
 agents for the British section of the Exhibition. In this 
 office were placed on sale stocks of regular and excursion 
 tickets, issued by the Philadelphia and Reading, Philadelphia, 
 Wilmington, and Baltimore, North Pennsylvania, and New 
 York Central Railroads; as also Cook's tourist tickets for 
 nearly all the important lines of railway and steamboats in 
 the United States and the Canadas, and for tours in all parts 
 of Europe, in Africa, Asia, and around the world. . 
 
 LODGINGS FOR VISITORS. 
 
 The Exhibition placed upon the citizens of Philadelphia the Lodgings for 
 solution of a problem previously unknown in any city of V1 
 America — that of lodging and feeding, during a period of 
 several months' duration, a throng of strangers whose num- 
 ber, in excess of the capacity of hotels, was many times 
 greater than the hotels could provide for. It was a problem 
 of difficulties and uncertainties, and would have been such in 
 any city of the world, — one which, with an unfavorable solu- 
 tion, would have seriously endangered the success of the 
 Exhibition, and was met by the citizens of Philadelphia in 
 
6o 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 X 
 
 w 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 6 1 
 
 an unexceptionable manner, which contributed to the success Bureau of 
 
 1 . Transportation. 
 
 of the Exhibition more than any other influence which was 
 not a part of it. 
 
 The established hotels of the city previous to the Exhi- Hotel accommo- 
 dations. 
 bition had an aggregate capacity for about six thousand 
 
 guests. By enlarging these buildings, opening new hotels 
 in buildings which could be adapted to the service, and 
 erecting others, the aggregate capacity of hotels in the city 
 of Philadelphia during the Exhibition was for about seven- 
 teen thousand guests. At cities and villages on the lines 
 of railroad in the vicinity of Philadelphia, the hotels were 
 sufficient for the accommodation of about twenty thousand 
 guests. 
 
 In the city of Philadelphia each family occupies a house, and Rooms in 
 
 J r J f dwellings. 
 
 thenumber of such separate dwellings is one hundred and thirty- 
 four thousand. In nearly every one of these houses there are 
 one or more "spare" rooms, kept for the entertainment of 
 friends. There are a large number of boarding-houses in the 
 city, usually containing some unoccupied rooms, which afford 
 lodgings for a large number of persons. The discovery of 
 some method by which these spare or vacant rooms of the 
 dwellings and boarding-houses of the city could be utilized 
 during the Exhibition in the entertainment of the expected 
 throng of strangers, was the study of many friends of the 
 Exhibition. The hiring of lodgings to transient visitors was 
 repugnant to American householders. It was plainly evident 
 that this prejudice must be overcome if the city was to 
 receive and properly entertain its expected guests, and that 
 the continuance, during the Exhibition, of moderate charges 
 at the hotels, might depend upon the ability of the citizens to 
 otherwise comfortably care for the number of visitors which 
 might be in excess of their capacity. 
 
 This required that the city should be canvassed and a regis- Centennial 
 ter prepared of all the householders willing to rent furnished Agency. 
 rooms, either with or without meals; that the strangers wish- 
 ing these rooms should be found and directed to them. This 
 service was undertaken by the Centennial Lodging-House 
 Agency, an association organized for this purpose by railroad 
 men, who, by experience, were fitted to direct its accomplish- 
 ment, and to whom the citizens of Philadelphia and the officers 
 
62 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of of the Exhibition are greatly indebted for their valuable ser- 
 
 Transportation. . . . , . ,. 
 
 vices. They issued tickets, which were sold in distant cities 
 Ticketing guests, or by special agents, who were on all trains approaching 
 Philadelphia, which tickets, by contract with householders, 
 were accepted in payment from guests for accommodations 
 furnished, and were redeemed by the agency, as were unused 
 tickets. The train agent ascertained which passengers had 
 tickets, and furnished to each holder of such ticket a card, 
 assigning to him a room, as well as supplying minute direc- 
 tions by which the room could be reached. Thus, practically, 
 The city one vast the city became one vast hotel, which never became full. Even 
 
 hotel, and never . . , - , , 
 
 full. when the throng of strangers was the greatest, many houses 
 
 lacked the desired guests. Extortion was impossible, prices 
 were just, and in thus entertaining visitors the citizens of 
 Philadelphia performed their part most creditably. 
 
STATEMENTS. 
 
6 4 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
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REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 65 
 
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Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 
 66 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 (C) 
 
 Rates for Transporting Goods to the Exhibition, with 
 right to free return transportation. (subject to 
 conditions stated when granting the concession.) 
 
 {APRIL, 1876.) 
 
 Freight. 
 
 Dis- 
 tance, 
 miles. 
 
 FROM 
 
 RATES IN EACH CLASS PER IOO LBS. 
 
 Double 
 
 1st. 
 
 2d. 
 
 3d. 
 
 4th. 
 
 IOO 
 
 330 
 
 828 
 673 
 
 1 186 
 
 672 
 
 836 
 
 783 
 
 968 
 
 1265 
 
 90 
 
 1328 
 
 360 
 
 253 
 
 3241 
 980 
 1237 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 Boston, Mass., 
 
 Chicago, 111., . . . 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, , 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa, 
 Detroit, Mich., . . 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Louisville, Ky., . , 
 
 Nashville, Tenn., . 
 New Orleans, La., 
 New York, N. Y., 
 
 Omaha, Neb., 
 Pittsburg, Pa., 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 St. Louis, Mo., . . 
 St. Paul, Minn., . 
 
 $2 90 
 
 50 
 90 
 
 2 70 
 2 18 
 
 4 20 
 2 20 
 
 2 42 
 
 2 58 
 
 3 00 
 
 3 20 
 60 
 
 4 3° 
 1 42 
 
 « +3 
 
 12 00 
 
 3 20 
 
 4 30 
 
 $1 45 i $1 25 
 
 25 
 45 
 
 « 35 
 
 1 09 
 
 2 10 
 1 10 
 
 1 21 
 
 1 29 
 
 1 50 
 
 1 60 
 30 
 
 2 15 
 7 1 
 73 
 
 6 00 
 
 1 60 
 
 2 15 
 
 23 
 3° 
 
 99 
 80 
 
 1 64 
 
 95 
 
 1 20 
 
 1 3° 
 
 $1 00 
 
 18 
 25 
 
 77 
 62 
 
 1 32 
 6d 
 
 69 
 
 72 
 
 96 
 1 05 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 1 59 
 
 1 22 1 
 
 56 
 
 46 
 
 65 
 
 54 ; 
 
 5 00 
 
 4 °° 1 
 
 1 20 
 
 00 1 
 
 1 69 
 
 1 27 ! 
 
 $0 80 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 40K 
 
 80% 
 
 28 
 
 28H 
 
 29 
 
 60 
 80 
 15 
 
 80H 
 
 3 00 
 
 4i 
 75M 
 
 There is great diversity of classification of goods by railroads in America. The following 
 indicates that which is most widely recognized : — 
 
 Double First Class. — Baskets, cabinet-ware set up and boxed, carriages boxed, copper 
 stills, dry goods in trunks, furniture set up, furs in bales, mattresses, plate-glass, pictures not 
 over $200 value, Russia iron, stove-pipe, willow-ware. 
 
 First Class. — Agricultural implements, blinds, doors, window-frames, books, boots and 
 shoes, carriages set up, clothing and woolen goods, dry goods in boxes or bales, fire-arms, 
 melodeons, pianos, portable engines and mills, printed matter in sheets boxed. 
 
 Second Class. — Cotton in bales, cutlery, cordage, china-ware in casks, cotton and woolen 
 machinery, domestics, groceries, iron vises, mattings, rubber belting, saddlery, veneering boxed, 
 wooden-ware boxed. 
 
 Third Class. — Canned goods, cotton-presses, crucibles, dry hides, flax pressed, flour in 
 sacks, hemp in bales, light iron castings, pig copper, pasteboards, school slates boxed, shovels, 
 sugar-mills, wine-bottles. 
 
 Fourth Class. — Beans, beef pickeled, car wheels, coal tar, copper-ore, fire-brick, gas-pipe, 
 grain in barrels or sacks, heavy iron castings, marble blocks, paints, steel, sugar, tobacco in 
 hogsheads. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 6 7 
 
 (D.) 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Table of Passenger Rates to the Exhibition from places 
 in United States, authorized and irregular, Summer 
 of 1876. 
 
 33° 
 415 
 
 711 
 822 
 667 
 504 
 
 1557 
 1888 
 
 "79 
 666 
 
 1732 
 735 
 "37 
 1249 
 
 1207 
 777 
 
 1056 
 907 
 
 962 
 1265 
 
 1314 
 
 354 
 
 3226 
 974 
 1232 
 
 Boston, Mass. (all rail), 
 
 " " (boat), . 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y., . . . . 
 
 Charleston, S. C, 
 Chicago, 111., . . 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, . 
 Cleveland, Ohio, . 
 
 '1 5 00 
 
 ... 4 00 
 
 9 40 13 00 
 
 7 65 11 00 
 
 10 75 13 00 
 
 23 00 38 00 
 
 20 00 32 00 
 
 18 00 . 29 00 
 
 12 25 20 40 
 
 Denison, Texas, 
 
 Denver, Col., 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa, . . . 
 
 Detroit, Mich., 
 
 " " (cut rate), 
 
 Galveston, Texas, . . . . 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind., . . . . 
 
 Jackson, Miss., 
 
 Kansas City, Mo., . . . . 
 
 Little Rock, Ark., . 
 Louisville, Ky., . . 
 
 50 03 
 71 00 
 31 20 
 16 25 
 
 Memphis, Tenn., 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis.. 
 
 Nashville, Tenn., 
 
 New Orleans, La 
 
 New York City, N. Y., 
 
 (with various limita- I 
 tions as to trains) f 
 
 Omaha, Neb., . 
 Pittsburg, Pa., 
 
 57 °° 
 
 19 CO 
 41 00 
 36 00 
 
 40 50 
 
 22 00 
 
 33 00 
 
 23 00 
 
 29 45 
 
 45 5° 
 
 2 65 
 
 36 00 
 10 00 
 
 77 00 
 108 50 
 
 48 So 
 23 40 
 14 00 
 
 87 50 
 30 50 
 
 61 50 
 56 00 
 
 62 75 
 35 oo 
 
 49 50 
 3° 50 
 
 46 20 
 68 25 
 5 00 
 4 00 
 4 00 
 3 00 
 2 00 
 
 56 00 
 
 Richmond, Va. (all rail), 
 
 " (York River Line), 
 
 San Francisco, Cal., 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., 
 
 St. Paul, Minn., 
 
 9 80 
 
 137 Washington, D. C. ; 
 
 136 00 
 25 00 
 
 35 25 
 
 4 50 
 
 '4 
 
 00 
 
 14 
 8 
 
 70 
 75 
 
 256 
 
 00 
 
 39 So 
 54 9° 
 
 7 
 
 5° 
 
 Irregular rate for 
 
 July and August 
 
 Tickets. 
 
 Good for five days. 
 
 
 6° fo8 25 
 
 3 
 3° 
 30 
 30 
 
 63 
 
 60 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 
 tz. 
 
 60 
 
 6a 
 60 
 
 60 
 60 
 
 60 
 60 
 15 
 15 
 
 $11 40 
 
 9 oo 
 6 80 
 
 $" 75 
 9 75 
 6 80 
 
 61 75 
 22 60 
 9 00 
 
 61 75 
 
 22 95 
 
 8 00 
 
 
 
 10 75 
 37 10 
 27 40 
 
 33 5o 
 
 13 00 
 
 24 50 
 
 14 75 
 
 20 45 
 37 25 
 
 10 75 
 
 26 75 
 
 24 75 
 14 75 
 
 21 20 
 
 W 25 
 
 38 00 
 25 00 
 22 00 
 
 13 50 
 
 66 50 
 93 80 
 
 39 55 
 18 00 
 
 75 60 
 
 24 00 
 
 52 70 
 
 48 30 
 
 54 15 
 28 00 
 
 42 30 
 28 90 
 
 37 7° 
 
 58 35 
 
 60 
 
 26 50 
 
 27 75 
 
 45 80 
 
 30 
 
 6 00 
 
 6 00 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 14 70 
 8 75 
 
 245 80 
 34 00 
 
 44 85 
 
 
 
 60 
 60 
 
 127 40 
 16 75 
 26 65 
 
 I2 7 75 
 15 7? 
 27 00 
 
 1= 
 
 
 
 7 50 
 

 
 68 
 
 Bureau ot 
 Transportation. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 (E.) 
 
 Sidings for the Delivery of Goods at the Exhibition 
 from the respective countries. 
 
 
 Siding Numbers. 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 B 
 
 6 
 
 7 8 
 
 9 
 
 IO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14. 
 
 Argentine Republic, .... 
 Austria — Hungary, 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 a 
 a 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 □ 
 D 
 O 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 □ 
 a 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 □ 
 
 a 
 
 • • 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 □ 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 Chili 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 Q 
 
 
 
 
 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 
 British Colonies : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 a 
 a 
 a 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 > . 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 a 
 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 For location of sidings, see page 6. 
 
*ECTOX-GBm R U . 
 
 33,5<» 
 
 17,350 
 
 37. 2 °5 
 
 ^3.495 
 '9.'25 
 
 194,605 
 
 194.562 
 68,605 
 64,684 
 
 25.565 3,553 
 
 27.934 
 503,271 
 
 3,3^0 
 
 698.021 
 381,941 
 970,077 
 
 ,i95,7'2 
 688,395 
 3',435 
 485,476 
 352,587 
 
 50,309 
 598,684 
 
 546,618 
 403,087 
 ,085,218 
 340,429 
 
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, ,876. 
 
 (F.) 
 
 REPORT OE THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 Number of Packages and Weight of Goods received Weekly at the Exhibition. 
 
 Before January 8th, .... 
 Week ending January 15th, . 
 
 " 22d, . 
 
 " 29th, . 
 " " February 5th, . 
 
 " " 12th, 
 
 " " " 19th, 
 
 *' 26th, 
 " •' March 4th, . . 
 
 " " " nth, . 
 
 • 18th, . 
 
 " " " 25th, . 
 
 " " April 1st, ... 
 
 " 8th, . . 
 " 15th, . . . 
 
 " " " 22(3, . . . 
 
 " " " 29th, . . . 
 
 " " May 6th, . . . . 
 " 13th, . . . 
 " " " 20th, . . . 
 " " " 27th, . . . 
 " " June 3d, . . . . 
 " " " 10th, . . . 
 " " " I2th-I4th, . 
 After June 1 4 tli 
 
 Art Department. 
 
 No. of 
 Packages 
 
 Weight. 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 MAIN BUILDING. 
 
 266 
 
 154 
 798 
 241 
 823 
 
 242 
 
 70 
 182 
 
 326 
 
 85 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 23 
 4,267 
 
 114,707 
 
 144,116 
 
 92,985 
 345,403 
 148,732 
 
 264,661 
 
 100,559 
 30,064 
 114,409 
 622,185 
 
 53,884 
 
 2,140 
 
 4-5 
 66,630 
 
 2,100,900 
 
 No. of 
 Packages 
 
 26 
 
 Weight. 
 Pounds. 
 
 3 2 3,'S6 
 
 36,960 
 
 Machinery Hall. 
 
 Agricultural 
 Hall. 
 
 No. of 
 Packages 
 
 Weight. 
 Pounds. 
 
 199 
 
 II 
 
 847 
 
 48 
 
 763 
 
 645 
 
 699 
 
 2,061 
 
 3,234 
 
 6,103 
 
 9>'50 
 
 7,241 
 
 10,056 
 
 9,357 
 
 3.24 1 
 
 3,241 
 
 1 ,127 
 
 774 
 
 852 
 
 493 
 
 893 
 
 61,203 
 
 59,670 
 
 4,5°° 
 
 560,913 
 
 43,7°5 
 471,019 
 240,198 
 250,670 
 
 576.59 1 
 1,205,951 
 2,023,180 
 2,418,758 
 2,45o,3S8 
 3,243,250 
 2,785,163 
 
 912,702 
 1,083,969 
 
 444,93° 
 293,869 
 298,665 
 98,382 
 342,242 
 
 20,168,801 
 
 46 
 
 3 
 
 256 
 145 
 299 
 673 
 
 974 
 
 886 
 
 845 
 
 1,404 
 
 2,152 
 
 4,170 
 
 5,792 
 
 5,409 
 
 5,809 
 
 1,998 
 
 1,677 
 
 i,i35 
 
 889 
 
 800 
 
 526 
 
 '.35° 
 
 37,319 
 
 264,850 
 
 1,615 
 
 74,846 
 
 No. of 
 Packages 
 
 3,oi4 
 96,337 
 '32,957 
 191,937 
 162,064 
 
 773,443 
 
 652,189 
 
 321,622 
 
 907,352 
 
 986,372 
 
 2,096,169 
 
 3,4'7,56' 
 
 2,874,891 
 
 2,53', '93 
 862,630 
 651,421 
 751,588 
 458,832 
 280,815 
 '77,795 
 871,496 
 
 I9,542,9 8 9 
 
 Weight. 
 Pounds. 
 
 Horticultural 
 Department. 
 
 No. of 
 Packages 
 
 29 
 
 100 
 592 
 518 
 1,787 
 3,468 
 3,835 
 4,146 
 
 1,517 
 
 1,112 
 870 
 
 1,240 
 735 
 163 
 
 2,520 
 
 22,643 
 
 7,650 
 
 545 
 2 7.'74 
 121,805 
 109,914 
 600,828 
 958,746 
 
 1,153,059 
 903,500 
 376,734 
 326,646 
 266,096 
 465,406 
 309,966 
 21,055 
 885,642 
 
 6,534,766 
 
 Weight. 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 32,726 
 
 5 
 
 54 
 
 539 
 
 64 
 
 5 
 33 
 87 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 6,646 
 1,280 
 
 25,362 
 176,320 
 
 82,418 
 2,710 
 7,715 
 
 45,824 
 
 390 
 
 2,380 
 
 418,031 
 
 Shoe and Leather 
 Building. 
 
 No. of 
 Packages 
 
 18 
 170 
 675 
 598 
 807 
 277 
 
 47 
 
 32 
 1 
 7 
 
 '4 
 
 2,658 
 
 Weight. 
 Pounds. 
 
 330 
 
 4,743 
 
 24,438 
 
 111,810 
 
 156,314 
 
 120,011 
 
 43,944 
 
 ",544 
 
 94,020 
 
 no 
 
 1,815 
 
 5,104 
 
 204 
 
 574,387 
 
 Carriage 
 Building. 
 
 No. of 
 Packages 
 
 Weight. 
 Pounds. 
 
 35 
 
 461 
 
 778 
 
 1,168 
 
 306 
 
 118 
 
 5 
 
 '9 
 
 7,599 
 '35,557 
 242,620 
 907,670 
 
 '52,134 
 
 88,906 
 
 2,139 
 
 22,877 
 
 No. of 
 Packages 
 
 Women's 
 Pavilion. 
 
 14,601 
 
 ',574,103 
 
 361 
 
 332 
 
 78 
 
 46 
 
 9 
 
 Weight. 
 Pounds. 
 
 500 
 
 6,446 
 
 36,446 
 
 26,052 
 
 '6,979 
 
 5,054 
 
 73° 
 
 220 
 
 5,49° 
 200 
 560 
 
 U. S. Government 
 Building. 
 
 No. of 
 Packages 
 
 74 
 302 
 
 27 
 '7 
 94 
 474 
 107 
 150 
 ,65 
 
 37' 
 892 
 992 
 
 i,075 
 
 2,211 
 
 1,203 
 
 281 
 
 ITI 
 
 202 
 
 r,022 
 
 92 
 51 
 
 839 
 
 Weight. 
 Pounds. 
 
 26,319 
 
 33,000 
 
 3,320 
 
 1,698 10,820 
 
 4 
 
 4: 
 
 38 
 
 336 
 
 182 
 
 44 
 6o : 
 87 
 '38 
 132 
 179 
 527 
 501 
 60 
 52 
 63 
 38 
 '7 
 5 
 118 
 
 Foreign Building 
 Ma 1 kkial. 
 
 No. of 
 Packages 
 
 Weight. 
 Pounds. 
 
 179,082 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 No. of 
 Packages 
 
 Weight. 
 Pounds. 
 
 3,232 
 
 358,465 
 
 Live Stock and 
 Equipment. 
 
 No. of 
 Packages 
 
 2,658, 
 
 539 
 78 
 214 
 205 
 472 
 42 
 
 137,012 
 33,501 
 44,000 
 17,250 
 37,2°5 
 10,915 
 
 522 102,105 
 
 5,So5 
 
 2,279 608,115 
 
 45 
 242 
 
 88 
 291 
 
 3' 
 223 
 
 106 
 i3 
 69 
 
 '5' 
 53 
 
 8,260 
 
 200 
 
 23,495 
 
 19,125 
 
 102,137 
 
 233,930 
 
 122,866 
 
 194,605 
 
 194,562 
 
 68,605 
 
 64,684 
 
 17,200 
 
 25,565 
 
 1,433,699 
 
 3,553 
 
 Weight. 
 Pounds. 
 
 1,403,464 
 
 ',403,464 
 
 No. of 
 Packages. 
 
 328 
 
 75 
 
 3,722 
 
 68 
 
 202 
 
 294 
 
 1,009 
 
 470 
 
 1,910 
 
 1,726 
 
 ',794 
 
 4,256 
 
 5,884 
 
 9,859 
 
 17,165 
 
 19,972 
 
 24,836 
 
 23,633 
 
 8,009 
 
 7,262 
 
 3.94' 
 
 4,056 
 
 3,097 
 
 i,4'5 
 
 9> 2 54 
 
 '54,273 
 
 Weight. 
 Pounds. 
 
 799,8i4 
 
 27,934 
 
 503,27' 
 
 3,320 
 
 62,684 
 
 105,818 
 
 698,021 
 
 281,941 
 
 970,077 
 
 1,195,712 
 
 688,395 
 
 ','32,435 
 
 2,485,476 
 
 3,352,587 
 
 5,650,659 
 
 7,590,816 
 
 8,810,731 
 
 8,250,309 
 
 2,598,684 
 
 2,510,006 
 
 2,546,618 
 
 1,403,087 
 
 1,085,218 
 
 340,429 
 
 3,722,616 
 
 57,116,658 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 6 9 
 
 (G) 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation . 
 
 Statement of the Quantity of Goods Received, by Coun- 
 tries, at the Exhibition. 
 
 COUNTRY. 
 
 Argentine Republic 
 
 Austria, 
 
 Belgium, 
 
 Brazil, 
 
 Canada, 
 
 China, 
 
 Chili, 
 
 Denmark, 
 
 Egypt, 
 
 France, 
 
 Germany, 
 
 Great Britain and Colonies 
 
 Hawaii, 
 
 Italy, 
 
 Japan, 
 
 Liberia, 
 
 Mexico, 
 
 Morocco, 
 
 Netherlands, 
 
 Norway, 
 
 Orange Free State, . . . 
 
 Peru, 
 
 Portugal, 
 
 Russia, 
 
 Siam, 
 
 Spain, 
 
 Sweden, 
 
 Switzerland, 
 
 Tunis, 
 
 Turkey, 
 
 United States, 
 
 Venezuela, 
 
 Date of First Receipt of 
 Goods. 
 
 May 19th, 1876. 
 
 April 4th, " 
 
 March 7th, " 
 
 April 1st, " 
 
 " 10th, " 
 
 May 2d, " 
 
 April 5th, " 
 
 January 18th, " 
 
 March 3d, " 
 
 February 29th, " 
 
 January 21st, " 
 
 April 4th, " 
 
 March 31st, " 
 
 January 19th, " 
 
 April 28th, " 
 
 " 8th, " 
 
 March 18th, " 
 
 " 20th, " 
 
 February 16th, ( ' 
 
 March 27th, " 
 
 April 29th, " 
 
 March 29th, " 
 
 October 7th, " 
 
 March 22d, " 
 
 February 16th, " 
 
 April 1st, " 
 
 May 4th, " 
 
 April 6th, " 
 
 October 12th, 1875. 
 
 March 16th, 1876. 
 
 No. of 
 Packages. 
 
 212 
 
 i,453 
 
 ^275 
 
 1,650 
 
 3,891 
 
 477 
 
 157 
 
 157 
 
 274 
 
 5,152 
 3,330 
 7,385 
 93 
 I ,750 
 7,112 
 
 57i 
 
 679 
 
 15 
 
 60 
 
 738 
 
 1,361 
 
 229 
 
 2,581 
 
 1,586 
 
 340 
 
 58 
 
 121 
 
 111,228 
 
 29 
 
 Weight. 
 Pounds. 
 
 63,295 
 790,602 
 893,263 
 348,037 
 1,367,671 
 
 51,026 
 41,564 
 68,640 
 
 2,279, J 35 
 1,822,304 
 4,266,039 
 ",370 
 475,071 
 1,241,125 
 
 1,731 
 
 104,659 
 
 40,440 
 
 151,703 
 
 463,003 
 
 5,130 
 
 6,760 
 
 164,203 
 
 1,132,095 
 
 15,545 
 
 502,111 
 
 860,177 
 
 108,903 
 
 14,140 
 
 25,004 
 
 38,064,234 
 
 4,720 
 
 154,273 
 
 57,116,658 
 
 The first arrival of foreign building material was Great Britain, December 10th, 1875 ; 
 Sweden, December 1st, 1875 ; and Japan, January 19th, 1876. 
 

 7o 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 (H.) 
 
 Statement of the Quantity of Goods Removed from 
 the Exhibition, by Railroad. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Cars. 
 
 Packages. 
 
 Pounds Weight. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Cars. 
 
 Packages. 
 
 Pounds Weight. 
 
 1876. 
 Nov. 11. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 20,000 
 
 1876. 
 Dec. 19. 
 
 41 
 
 1,262 
 
 413,250 
 
 " '3- 
 
 1 
 
 33 
 
 3,000 
 
 " 20. 
 
 35 
 
 679 
 
 390,190 
 
 " 14. 
 
 7 
 
 54 
 
 135,452 
 
 " 21. 
 
 48 
 
 1,893 
 
 617,362 
 
 " 15- 
 
 8 
 
 95 
 
 I9 2 ,587 
 
 " 22. 
 
 56 
 
 903 
 
 718,173 
 
 " 16. 
 
 39 
 
 613 
 
 571,989 
 
 " 23. 
 
 58 
 
 973 
 
 990,920 
 
 " 17. 
 
 29 
 
 501 
 
 274,5io 
 
 " 26. 
 
 32 
 
 728 
 
 320,516 
 
 " 18. 
 
 34 
 
 669 
 
 447,563 
 
 " 27. 
 
 44 
 
 1,264 
 
 385,513 
 
 " 20. 
 
 31 
 
 1,183 
 
 447,37° 
 
 " 28. 
 
 60 
 
 1,770 
 
 838,487 
 
 " 21. 
 
 45 
 
 1,219 
 
 593,3o8 
 
 " 29. 
 
 48 
 
 922 
 
 424,206 
 
 " 22. 
 
 " 23- 
 
 53 
 60 
 
 1,798 
 2,231 
 
 694,117 
 823,845 
 
 " 3°- 
 
 1877. 
 Jan. 2. 
 
 49 
 
 18 
 
 614 
 621 
 
 738,650 
 255,670 
 
 " 24- 
 
 5° 
 
 i,294 
 
 573,588 
 
 " 3- 
 
 4 
 
 63 
 
 35,48o 
 
 " 25. 
 
 59 
 
 1,631 
 
 656,335 
 
 " 4- 
 
 11 
 
 209 
 
 73,255 
 
 " 27. 
 
 70 
 
 1,936 
 
 977,751 
 
 " 5- 
 
 18 
 
 320 
 
 207,720 
 
 " .28. 
 
 61 
 
 2,018 
 
 800,579 
 
 " 6. 
 
 22 
 
 372 
 
 233,140 
 
 " 29. 
 
 7i 
 
 i,97i 
 
 772,729 
 
 " 8. 
 
 37 
 
 838 
 
 405,853 
 
 Dec. 1. 
 
 59 
 
 i,455 
 
 737,370 
 
 " 9- 
 
 12 
 
 243 
 
 155,746 
 
 " 2. 
 
 75 
 
 2,416 
 
 790,642 
 
 " 10. 
 
 37 
 
 1,303 
 
 473,oio 
 
 " 4- 
 
 72 
 
 i,594 
 
 863,334 
 
 " 11. 
 
 25 
 
 749 
 
 255,680 
 
 " 5- 
 
 62 
 
 1,083 
 
 614,894 
 
 " 12. 
 
 39 
 
 1,637 
 
 566,410 
 
 " 6. 
 
 63 
 
 1,230 
 
 601,856 
 
 " 13- 
 
 33 
 
 797 
 
 371,135 
 
 " 7- 
 
 59 
 
 1,006 
 
 558,603 
 
 " 15- 
 
 10 
 
 282 
 
 116,190 
 
 " 8. 
 
 73 
 
 1,645 
 
 875,005 
 
 " 16. 
 
 10 
 
 273 
 
 114,210 
 
 " 9- 
 
 45 
 
 1,263 
 
 550,760 
 
 " 17- 
 
 11 
 
 404 
 
 i69,775 
 
 " 11. 
 
 49 
 
 1,104 
 
 6o3,995 
 
 " 18. 
 
 16 
 
 556 
 
 157,700 
 
 " 12. 
 
 64 
 
 1,613 
 
 582,520 
 
 " 19- 
 
 10 
 
 146 
 
 1^0,065 
 
 " »3- 
 
 60 
 
 868 
 
 49 I > 8 35 
 
 " 20. 
 
 3 
 
 189 
 
 34,052 
 
 " 14- 
 
 58 
 
 1,163 
 
 602,235 
 
 " 23. 
 
 11 
 
 362 
 
 104,620 
 
 " IS- 
 
 60 
 
 1,837 
 
 641,728 
 
 " 24. 
 
 1 
 
 277 
 
 25,840 
 
 " 16. 
 
 52 
 
 831 
 
 441,740 
 
 " 25. 
 
 6 
 
 563 
 
 85,590 
 
 " 18. 
 
 29 
 
 502 
 
 219,860 
 
 " 26. 
 
 8 
 
 631 
 
 8i,793 
 
 
 Total, 
 
 2,318 
 
 58,700 
 
 27,041,271 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 71 
 
 Of.) 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Statement of the Quantity of Goods Removed from the 
 Exhibition by Railroad, by Countries. 
 
 Austria, 
 
 Belgium, 
 
 Brazil, 
 
 Canada, 
 
 China, 
 
 Chili, 
 
 Denmark, 
 
 Egypt. 
 
 France, 
 
 Germany, 
 
 Great Britain and Colonies, 
 
 Hawaii, 
 
 Italy, 
 
 Japan, 
 
 Mexico, 
 
 Morocco, 
 
 Netherlands, 
 
 Norway, 
 
 Peru, 
 
 Portugal, 
 
 Russia, 
 
 Spain, 
 
 Sweden, 
 
 Switzerland, 
 
 Turkey, 
 
 ' United States, .... 
 
 Date of 
 First Shipment. 
 
 December 11, 1876. 
 " 2, " 
 
 " 6, *' 
 
 November 28, " 
 December 2, " 
 
 '3, " 
 
 January 5, 1877. 
 December 13, 1876. 
 November 25, " 
 December 2, " 
 November 21, " 
 December 19, " 
 3°, " 
 13, " 
 28, " 
 January 12, 1877. 
 December 13, 1876. 
 November 28, " 
 December 30, " 
 
 January 26, 1877. 
 November 27, 1876. 
 
 29. 
 
 December 1, 
 
 November 28, 
 
 No. of 
 Cars. 
 
 25 
 34 
 *7 
 67 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 102 
 
 85 
 > 33 
 
 1 
 
 37 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 33 
 
 24 
 
 27 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1,643 
 
 No. of 
 Pack- 
 ages. 
 
 525 
 
 699 
 
 462 
 
 2,699 
 
 48 
 
 62 
 
 52 
 
 81 
 
 2,279 
 
 1,605 
 
 2,239 
 
 8 
 
 929 
 
 475 
 
 120 
 
 9 
 
 570 
 360 
 
 37 
 
 614 
 
 593 
 
 823 
 
 520 
 
 25 
 
 82 
 
 42,784 
 
 Weight 
 (pounds). 
 
 (2,318 58,700 
 
 180,650 
 
 477,365 
 
 I43, 6 45 
 
 1 ,056,360 
 
 14,550 
 
 31,060 
 
 27,280 
 
 12,125 
 
 1,126,825 
 
 1,122,525 
 
 1,425, 59 1 
 
 1,010 
 
 449,940 
 
 163,630 
 
 27,250 
 
 2,150 
 
 234,085 
 
 175,79° 
 
 6,040 
 
 79,793 
 
 549,°35 
 
 275,545 
 
 382,807 
 
 6,500 
 
 24,250 
 
 i9, 45,47 
 
 27,041,271 
 
 Date of 
 Last Shipment. 
 
 January 23, 
 
 December 19, 
 
 " 8, 
 
 January 17, 
 December 19, 
 
 " 13, 
 
 January 16, 
 
 December 13, 
 
 January 23, 
 
 " 13, 
 
 25, 
 
 December 19, 
 
 January 17, 
 
 December 30, 
 
 January 26, 
 
 January 12, 
 
 December 22, 
 
 " 3°, 
 
 January 26, 
 
 December 12, 
 
 January 23, 
 
 16, 
 
 December 1, 
 
 January 9, 
 
 1877. 
 
 1876. 
 
 (, 
 
 1877. 
 1876. 
 
 1877. 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 1877. 
 1876. 
 
 1877. 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 

 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 72 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 (JO 
 
 Statement of the Number of Empty Packing-cases 
 Stored at the Exhibition, by Countries and Buildings. 
 
 COUNTRIES. 
 
 Argentine Republic, ... 
 
 Austria, 
 
 Belgium, 
 
 Brazil, 
 
 China, 
 
 Chili, 
 
 Denmark, 
 
 Egypt, 
 
 France, 
 
 Germany, 
 
 Great Britain and Colonies, 
 
 Hawaii, 
 
 Italy, 
 
 Mexico, 
 
 Netherlands, 
 
 Norway, 
 
 Portugal, 
 
 Russia, 
 
 Spain, 
 
 Sweden, 
 
 Switzerland, 
 
 Tunis, 
 
 Turkey, 
 
 United States, 
 
 Total, 
 
 Art 
 Gallery. 
 
 136 
 96 
 84 
 
 178 
 162 
 213 
 
 743 
 57 
 
 175 
 59 
 
 67 
 
 631 
 
 z.749 
 
 Main 
 Building. 
 
 94 
 694 
 553 
 244 
 488 
 116 
 
 15 
 
 136 
 
 1,173 
 
 J ,°93 
 
 2,470 
 
 34 
 377 
 
 51 
 293 
 315 
 5" 
 651 
 431 
 
 23 
 
 58 
 
 5,946 
 
 16,700 
 
 Ma- 
 chinery 
 Building. 
 
 260 
 
 140 
 
 96 
 277 
 
 723 
 
 3,360 
 
 5,i68 
 
 Agri- 
 cultural 
 Building, 
 
 85 
 
 58 
 
 4 
 
 395 
 
 259 
 201 
 411 
 
 13 
 142 
 
 537 
 229 
 
 1,518 
 
 3,973 
 
 Shoe and 
 Leather 
 Building, 
 
 583 
 
 609 
 
 190 
 
 888 
 
 913 
 
 875 
 
 488 
 
 116 
 
 29 
 
 136 
 
 1,706 
 
 i,733 
 
 3,8i7 
 
 34 
 
 1,120 
 
 121 
 
 6zo 
 
 499 
 
 1,048 
 
 1,108 
 
 543 
 
 820 
 
 286 
 
 23 
 
 58 
 
 12,038 
 
 29,199 
 
 Cases from buildings not named in the table are included with those of the principal buildings, according 
 to location or classification. 
 
 The whole number of cases stored, irrespective of the practice of placing the smaller ones within the 
 larger ones, was about fifty thousand. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 73 
 
 (K.) 
 
 Statement of the Daily Average for each Week of the 
 Number of Employes in the Service of the Contractors 
 Receiving Goods, and the Tons Weight of Goods Re- 
 ceived BY THEM AT THE EXHIBITION. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Week Ending 
 
 February 5th, 
 " 12th, 
 
 " 26th, 
 March 4th, . 
 
 " nth, . 
 
 " 18th, . 
 
 " 25th, . 
 April 1st, . . 
 
 ** 8th, . . 
 
 Average 
 
 No. of Men 
 
 Working. 
 
 38 
 40 
 40 
 45 
 5° 
 55 
 55 
 70 
 100 
 150 
 
 Average Daily 
 Weight. 
 Tons Net. 
 
 5.22 
 8.81 
 58.17 
 23-49 
 80.84 
 99.64 
 82.36 
 94-37 
 207.12 
 279.38 
 
 Week Ending 
 
 April 15th, 
 
 " 22d, 
 
 " 29th, 
 
 May 6th, 
 
 " 13*, 
 " 20th, 
 " 27th, 
 June 3d, . 
 " 10th, . 
 
 Average 
 No. of Men 
 Working. 
 
 220 
 360 
 37° 
 3SO 
 160 
 150 
 155 
 125 
 
 Average Daily 
 
 Weight. 
 
 Tons Net. 
 
 470.89 
 632.59 
 734-27 
 687.52 
 216.56 
 209.16 
 212.29 
 116.62 
 90.43 
 
 The records show the average weight of goods received during the nineteen weeks ending 
 June 10th, per days' labor, to have been one and six-tenths tons net, and under special conditions 
 during part of the time over two tons net. 
 
 (L.) 
 
 Statement of Appliances Used by the Contractors in 
 Receiving Exhibits at the Exhibition. 
 
 19,000 feet of Railroad track. 
 6 Locomotives. 
 25 Wagons and drays. 
 
 1 Catamaran. 
 
 1,000 feet of stationary platforms. 
 6 Portable platforms. 
 
 2 Locomotive cranes. 
 
 1 Traction engine and crane. 
 1 Stationary steam crane. 
 
 2 Portable hoists. 
 
 3 Pairs of shears. 
 150 Warehouse trucks. 
 
 50 Wagon trucks. 
 
 6 Express trucks. 
 
 8 Hydraulic jacks. 
 60 Wooden rollers. 
 50 Iron bars. 
 

 
 
 
 74 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
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 ?6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 (P-) 
 
 Statistics Relating to Transportation within the 
 Exhibition. 
 
 West End Passenger Railway Company. 
 
 Length of track, 8 miles. 
 
 Length of route, double track, nearly 3^ miles. 
 
 Number of locomotives, ....'. 8 
 
 Number of cars, 38 
 
 Number of trains daily, 128 
 
 Capacity of each car, 107 passengers. 
 
 Number of stations, 19 
 
 Number of passengers carried each week ending — 
 
 May 20th, 23,135 
 
 May 27th, 56,167 
 
 June 3d, 88,457 
 
 June 10th, 104,212 
 
 June 17th, 109,676 
 
 June 24th, 126,647 
 
 July 1st, m,ii7 
 
 July 8th, 152,505 
 
 July 15th, 84,826 
 
 July 22d, 76 521 
 
 July 29th, 81,363 
 
 August 5th, 85,289 
 
 August 1 2th, 100,586 
 
 August 19th, 112,086 
 
 August 26th, 157,730 
 
 September 2d, 152,135 
 
 September 9th, 202,562 
 
 September 16th, 231,103 
 
 September 23d, 244,630 
 
 September 30th, 237,184 
 
 October 7th, 219,273 
 
 October 14th, 229,994 
 
 October 21st, 231,164 
 
 October 28th, 203,689 
 
 November 4th, 2 33>339 
 
 November nth, 157,404 
 
 Total 3,8i2,794 
 
 The number of passengers carried September 28th was 72,107. 
 
 Centennial Rolling-chair Company. 
 
 Number of chairs operated, 3 2 8 
 
 Number of stations for hiring chairs in Main Building, 7 
 
 " " " " Machinery Hall, 4 
 
 " " " " Agricultural Hall, 1 
 
 " " " " United States Government Building, I 
 
 " " " " Women's Pavilion, 1 
 
 " " " " Annexes and grounds, 8 
 
 Total, 
 
 Rates charged for use of chairs with attendant, per hour $0 60 
 
 " « " " " " " half-day 2 25 
 
 << << " « << " " day 4 5° 
 
 Rates without an attendant, forty cents for the first hour, and thirty cents an 
 hour afterwards. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 77 
 
 (^rCJ Bureau of 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 Statement relative to European and American Passen- 
 ger Rates, in Connection with International Exhibi- 
 tions. 
 
 Only imperfect records of arrangements and rates for the European and 
 transportation of visitors to previous exhibitions are acces- passenger rates, 
 sible, hence any particular comparison of them is impossible. 
 The following information has been compiled from various 
 sources : — 
 
 London, 1851. 
 
 During this exhibition there was a sharp competition London 
 
 , ..... . - ,. Exhibition, 1 85 1. 
 
 between rival railroad companies from some sections of 
 
 England for excursion business to London. Second and 
 
 third class round-trip tickets, good for one week, by special 
 
 trains, were sold, under a joint agreement between rival lines, 
 
 from Liverpool and Manchester, for three dollars and sixty-five 
 
 cents, being at a rate of nine mills per passenger per mile by 
 
 the short line; while from Bradford, Leeds, Sheffield, and the 
 
 neighboring districts, like tickets were sold, in competition, Excursion rates 
 
 for one dollar and twenty-two cents, being at the rate of 
 
 about one-third of a cent per mile. Regular rates, in cents, 
 
 gold, per mile traveled, were as follows: — 
 
 
 First Class. 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 Third Class. 
 
 Liverpool, 202 miles, 
 
 . 4.56 
 
 3.16 
 
 1 .9 1 Regular English 
 
 Manchester, 189 miles, 
 
 . 4.26 
 
 3-o8 
 
 rates. 
 2.03 
 
 Leeds, 185 miles, 
 
 • 4-32 
 London, 1862. 
 
 3.16 
 
 2.03 
 
 An amicable arrangement was maintained between the London 
 competing railroad lines of England during this exhibition. 
 The following, in cents, gold, per mile traveled, is an illustration 
 of the average rates charged, regular rates being stated for 
 comparison : — 
 
 
 First Class. 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 Third Class. 
 
 Edinburgh, 400 miles, . 
 
 . 4.26 
 
 3.O6 
 
 2.0I Rates, 
 
 excursion, . 
 
 . . . 
 
 1. 21 
 
 1. 21 
 
 Glasgow, 405 miles, 
 
 . 4-22 
 
 3.06 
 
 2.03 
 
 excursion, 
 
 . . . 
 
 I.20 
 
 I.20 
 
78 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation . 
 
 Paris 
 Exhibition, 1867, 
 
 Percentage of 
 reductions. 
 
 Paris, 1867. 
 
 The reductions made by the French railroad companies 
 from regular rates for visitors to the exhibition were, on 
 special trains, from fifty to seventy-five per cent., according to 
 distance; and for round-trip tickets, good on "ordinary" 
 trains, from twenty-five to forty-five per cent. The following 
 are the different rates in cents, gold, per passenger per 
 mile: — 
 
 First Class. Second Class. Third Class. 
 
 Regular rates, . . . . 3.50 2.66 1.93 
 
 With twenty-five per cent, off, . 2.625 x -995 I 4475 
 
 With fifty per cent, off, . . 1.75 1.33 0.965 
 
 With seventy-five per cent, off, 0.875 0.665 0.4825 
 
 Vienna, 1873. 
 
 Vienna 
 Exhibition, 1873. 
 
 Regular rates. 
 
 Reductions. 
 
 Accurate 
 comparison 
 cannot be made. 
 
 The rates charged per passenger per mile on nearly all the 
 railroads in Austria and Hungary are in cents, gold, as fol- 
 lows (subject to an additional charge of about twenty per cent, 
 for so-called "fast" trains on some roads): — First class, 3.71 ; 
 second class, 2. 80; third class, 1.86; and fourth class, 0.93, 
 which were reduced one-half to exhibitors and visitors by 
 special trains, and without train limitations on Prussian 
 railroads managed by the state. On Belgian state railroads 
 and the Eastern Railroad of France, passenger rates were 
 reduced twenty-five per cent., and to parties of not less than 
 two hundred, from Paris to Vienna direct, fifty per cent. 
 Reductions in passenger rates were made by many other 
 railroad companies in various sections of Europe, but with- 
 out uniformity, and do not admit of being briefly stated. 
 
 From these notes it will be seen that any accurate compari- 
 son of passenger rates for the exhibitions at Vienna and 
 Philadelphia cannot be made. The differences in the habits 
 of the people, as shown in the selection of the class of rail- 
 road carriages in which to ride, also determines the same 
 conclusion. In America only first class tickets are sold on 
 nearly all the railroads, while on the roads in the German 
 railroad union, including the Austro-Hungarian railroads, the 
 percentage of passengers of each class is — First class, 1.7 1 ; 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 79 
 
 second class, 16.22; third class, 61.20; fourth class, 17.08; Bureau of 
 
 Transportation . 
 
 military, &c, 3.79. 
 
 Austrian second class passenger rates secure the passenger 
 accommodations more comparable with that of American 
 first class than do the other classes of rates ; but the speed of 
 trains in Austria is generally slow, and when as fast as is 
 customary on American railroads subjects the passenger to 
 an increase of about twenty per cent, on the charge for the Extra charges. 
 ticket. This extra charge being included in the Austrian 
 rates makes them greater than those charged in the eastern 
 and central States, but not nearly as high as in the southern 
 and trans-Mississippi States of America. 
 
 Philadelphia, i8j6. 
 
 The railroads terminating in Philadelphia, comprising an Philadelphia 
 aggregate length of three thousand eight hundred and forty- 
 six miles, made liberal provisions for the sale of excursion 
 tickets from points along their own roads to the Exhibition. 
 The rates established by them, given in the following state- Local rates, 
 ment, do not include the price of admission to the Exhibition, 
 the ticket for which was sold as a coupon in many excursion 
 tickets. These rates, varying from nine to twenty-nine mills 
 per mile traveled, according to circumstances, were increased 
 as the number of passengers in the party decreased, or as the 
 limitation in time was extended. The price of tickets was 
 stated as being at a specified discount from the regular rate, 
 or as being at a specified charge per mile traveled. Half 
 excursion rates were given to children from five to twelve 
 years of age. 
 
 Special trains were furnished if parties were too large to be Special trains, 
 carried upon regular trains, previous notice being given. 
 They were run as sections of regular trains, and when run, 
 tickets sold to the party were not good upon any other. If Limitation of 
 the excursionists had one-day tickets they were good for the 
 return trip upon the special train only. But tickets for more 
 than one day were good for the return trip, within the limita- 
 tions, upon any train stopping at the station. 
 
8o 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
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 82 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 (T.) 
 
 Comparison of Passenger Rates to Vienna, 1873, and 
 Philadelphia, 1876, Gold. 
 
 30 
 31 
 33 
 33 
 
 57 
 56 
 69 
 69 
 90 
 
 9i 
 100 
 100 
 
 105 
 106 
 140 
 139 
 253 
 255 
 354 
 352 
 374 
 375 
 415 
 434 
 763 
 750 
 822 
 847 
 
 Wilmington, Del., 
 Neustadt (Wien), 
 Trenton, N. J., . 
 Gross Weikersed, 
 Bethlehem, Pa., . 
 Schattan, .... 
 Lancaster, Pa., . 
 Semmering, . . . 
 New York, . . . 
 Jarmeritz, . . . 
 Baltimore, Md., . 
 Trebitsche, . . . 
 Harrisburg, Pa. , 
 
 Bruck, 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Gratz 
 
 Waverly, N. Y., 
 
 Cracow 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa , . 
 Nabresina, . . . 
 Rochester, N. Y. 
 Dresden, .... 
 Buffalo, N. Y., . 
 Basiasch, .... 
 Chattanooga, Tenn 
 Roman, .... 
 Chicago, 111., . . 
 Paris, 
 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 Philadelphia, 
 Vienna, . . . 
 
 Regular Rates by Class 
 
 First. Second. Third. 
 
 $1 12 
 
 1 19 
 
 1 68 
 
 2 59 
 
 2 78 
 
 3 97 
 
 5 18 
 
 9 60 
 
 n 60 
 
 14 86 
 
 34 78 
 
 $0 46 
 
 84 
 
 9 1 
 
 89 
 
 ■ 37 
 
 1 41 
 
 1 87 
 
 1 94 
 
 2 41 
 2 32 
 2 82 
 2 04 
 
 4 10 
 
 3 89 
 
 6 28 
 
 7 20 
 9 °9 
 9 85 
 
 8 87 
 
 9 22 
 9 79 
 
 " 15 
 22 75 
 20 94 
 18 20 
 25 45 
 
 $0 
 
 56 
 
 99 
 
 80 
 
 37 
 
 93 
 
 Excursion 
 
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 American 
 
 First Class. 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 $0 91 
 84 
 
 1 05 
 89 
 
 2 OO 
 
 1 41 
 
 2 <X) 
 
 1 94 
 
 4 55 
 
 2 32 
 
 3 64 
 
 2 04 
 
 3 is 
 2 98 
 
 6 15 
 
 3 89 
 9 27 
 
 7 20 
 12 74 
 
 9 85 
 11 83 
 
 9 22 
 11 83 
 " 15 
 3 1 25 
 20 94 
 22 75 
 19 09 
 
 Rate per 
 Passenger 
 
 per Mile. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 1. 516 
 1-355 
 
 1-59 
 1.348 
 1-754 
 1 259 
 1.506 
 1.405 
 2.528 
 1-275 
 
 1.82 
 
 1.02 
 1. 516 
 1.405 
 2.196 
 14 
 1.832 
 1 412 
 i. 800 
 1.400 
 1. 581 
 
 1.23 
 1.425 
 1.284 
 2.196 
 1.400 
 1-383 
 1. 127 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
CONTENTS OF APPENDIX. 
 
 I. Extracts from general regulations relating to transportation, . . 85 
 
 II. Official Circular No. 100, asking concessions in rates, 85 
 
 III. Official Circular No. 121, asking concessions in rates 86 
 
 Concessions for transportation of goods by " the Trunk Lines," 87 
 
 IV. Concessions for transportation of goods, Official Circular 164, 87 
 V. Official Circular No. 142, the receipt of exhibits, 90 
 
 Notes on Circular No. 142, 92 
 
 Instructions to agents of Railroad Companies about exhibits, . 94 
 
 Transfer and dray charges at Philadelphia, 95 
 
 VI. Terminal charges on wagon goods, &c, 96 
 
 VII. Terminal charges abolished, Circular No. 195, 97 
 
 VIII. Terminal charges refunded 97 
 
 IX. Official Circular No. 144, the receipt of exhibits, 98 
 
 X. General Order No. 8, receipt of exhibits discontinued, .... 99 
 
 XL Official Circular No. 220, to exhibitors of live stock 99 
 
 XII. Official Circular No. 237, the removal of exhibits 101 
 
 XIII. Official Circular No. 239, Burning of empty cases, 102 
 
 XIV. Blank check list of goods received by railroad, 102 
 
 XV. Blank check list and manifest of goods received by other than 
 
 railroad transportation, 103 
 
 XVI. Blank permit for admitting articles not subject to terminal 
 
 charges 104 
 
 XVII. Pass for the removal of goods, 104 
 
 XVIII. Certificate for securing free return transportation of exhibits, . . 104 
 
 XIX. Order and bill of lading for the removal of goods, 105 
 
 XX. Official notice to remove goods, 106 
 
 XXI. Regulations governing the issue of Centennial tickets, .... 106 
 
 XXII. Customs regulations, First series, October 3d, 1874, 108 
 
 XXIII. Customs regulations, Second series, November 1st, 1875, . . . in 
 
 XXIV. Customs regulations, Special decisions, November 22d, 1875, . 114 
 XXV. Customs regulations, Goods of foreign governments, 115 
 
 XXVI. Appraisal of damaged goods, 116 
 
 XXVII. Customs regulations concerning sales of goods, June 1st, 1876, . 117 
 
 XXVIII. Notice issued by the Surveyor, June 20th, 1876, 119 
 
 XXIX. Second regulations concerning sales of goods, July 2lst, 1876, . 119 
 
 XXX. Regulations concerning the exportation of Canadian exhibits, . 121 
 
 XXXI. Entry of gifts, . . 123 
 
 XXXII. Export of goods, 123 
 
 XXXIII. Notice relative to goods not removed by December 31st, 1876, 125 
 
 XXXIV. Form for invoices of foreign goods 126 
 
 XXXV. Warehouse entry, 127 
 
 XXXVI. Permit to remove goods from the wharf, in Philadelphia, to 
 
 the Exhibition 128 
 
 XXXVII. Affidavit to lists of goods for sale, 128 
 
 XXXVIII. Daily sales entry 129 
 
 XXXIX. Permit to sell goods, 129 
 
 XL. Manifests for immediate transportation, 130 
 
 XLI. Bond for goods removed for repairs, 131 
 
 XLII. Bond for dutiable goods on exhibition 132 
 
 (84) 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 85 
 
 a\ Bureau of 
 
 ■/ Transportation. 
 
 Extracts relating to the Transportation and Hand- 
 ling of Exhibits, &c, from General Regulations 
 issued July 4.TH, 1874, for Exhibitors in the United 
 States. 
 
 7. Exhibitors, or such agents as they may designate, shall be responsible for General regula- 
 
 the receiving, unpacking, and arrangement of objects, as well as for their transportation 
 
 removal at the close of the Exhibition. and terminal 
 
 service. 
 
 8. The transportation, receiving, unpacking, and arranging of the products 
 for exhibition will be at the expense of the exhibitor. 
 
 12. If no authorized person is at hand to receive goods on their arrival at the 
 Exhibition building, they will be removed without delay, and stored at the cost 
 and risk of whomsoever it may concern. 
 
 14. The removal of goods will not be permitted prior to the close of the 
 Exhibition. 
 
 16. Immediately after the close of the Exhibition, exhibitors shall remove 
 their effects, and complete such removal before December 31st, 1876. Goods 
 then remaining will be removed by the Director-General and sold for expenses, 
 or otherwise disposed of, under the direction of the Commission. 
 
 
 (II.) 
 
 [No. 700.] 
 
 United States Centennial Commission. — International circular no. 100. 
 Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Trans- 
 portation. 
 
 Philadelphia, , 187 
 
 Sir : — The Congress of the United States has directed that there shall be 
 held in the city of Philadelphia in 1876, in commemoration of American Inde- 
 pendence, an International Exhibition, as the chief feature of the Centennial 
 Celebration. Most of the governments of the world have accepted the invitation 
 of the President to be present and take part in the Exhibition. The Centennial 
 Commission has fully organized the several departments of the national enterprise, 
 and its success is now guaranteed beyond any question. The attendance of both 
 exhibitors and visitors will undoubtedly be as great as at any international 
 exhibition heretofore held. 
 
 One of the most essential departments of the administration of the Exhibition 
 is that of Transportation, which it is hoped may be organized on a comprehensive 
 scale, and in a manner that will reflect credit on the ability and extent of the 
 

 
 
 
 86 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Requesting 
 concessions 
 in rates. 
 
 transportation interests of the United States. It is very important that there 
 should be an official announcement, as soon as possible, of any exceptional 
 tariffs that may be conceded for passenger fares and for goods intended for 
 Exhibition. We beg, therefore, to call your attention to the subject, with the 
 assurance that you will extend your co-operation to render the rates on your line 
 favorable, and thus promote the general interests of the national enterprise. 
 
 We shall be pleased to receive from you at an early day information on the 
 following points : — 
 
 1. What reduction will you authorize on goods for the Exhibition shipped 
 over your line from terminal or local points (a) in one direction, or (6) when 
 shipped to and returned from the Exhibition, ownership being unchanged ? 
 
 2. What reduction from current passenger rates will you authorize to and from 
 Philadelphia of (a) recognized officials of the Exhibition, (6) foreign com- 
 missioners, (c) exhibitors, and (a?) workmen, coming from terminal or local 
 points ? 
 
 The Exhibition will open on the tenth day of May, 1876, and close on the 
 tenth day of November following. Communications may be addressed to the 
 Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, who will be glad to furnish you with 
 further information. 
 
 A. T. GOSHORN, 
 D. TORREY, Director- General. 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 
 
 (III.) 
 
 \No. 121.] 
 Circular No. i2t. UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. INTERNATIONAL 
 
 Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
 tation. 
 
 Philadelphia, August 31st, 1875. 
 
 A copy of circular No. 100, printed herein, was sent in May last to officers of 
 transportation companies. Replies to this circular have, with great uniformity, 
 announced a willingness to transport exhibits for full rates to the Exhibition, and 
 if unsold, to return the same free. 
 
 It is important that we should have the information requested in that circular 
 as soon as possible, for the use of intending exhibitors. To this end a blank 
 form for reply is enclosed, which please return properly dated and signed, if in 
 accordance with your intended action. 
 
 For your information the letter of A. J. Cassatt, Third Vice-President Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad, announcing the decision of the trunk lines, is printed here- 
 with. 
 
 A. T. GOSHORN, 
 
 D. TORREY, Director- General. 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 87 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company. „ Bureau of 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 Philadelphia, August 21st, 1875. 
 
 Hon. A. T. Goshorn, Director- General United States Centennial Exhibition, 
 
 Philadelphia, 
 Dear Sir : — We have received responses from the New York Central, the Concession 
 Erie, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Companies, assenting to the proposed f^nkUnes. 
 arrangement with reference to the transportation of goods to and from the Cen- 
 tennial Exhibition. 
 
 It is therefore understood that regular rates shall be charged on all goods 
 carried to the Exhibition for exhibitors over the roads controlled by the above- 
 named companies and by this company, and that all unsold goods shall be re- 
 turned free, — freight and all charges to be prepaid in every case. This arrange- 
 ment to cover all articles intended for the Exhibition as well as all other articles 
 forwarded by exhibitors for their own use in connection with the Exhibition. 
 Very truly, yours, 
 
 A. J. CASSATT, 
 
 Third Vice-President. 
 
 [121 a..] 
 Office of Company, 1875. 
 
 Dear Sir : — This company will transport at regular rates all articles intended Form 121 a, 
 
 blank form f 
 concession. 
 
 for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia, as well as bl 
 
 all other articles forwarded by exhibitors for their own use in connection with 
 the Exhibition, and will return unsold articles free. Freight and all charges to 
 be prepaid in every case. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 To the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, United States Centennial Com- 
 mission. 
 
 (IV.) 
 
 (No. 164.) 
 
 United States Centennial Commission. — International circular n .i6 4 . 
 Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
 tation. 
 
 The form of announcement (used by railroad companies) of the conditions on Terms for the 
 which goods will be transported to the Exhibition is as follows: — oT'cxMbits.' " 
 
 "This company will transport, at regular rates, all articles intended for 
 Exhibition at the International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia, as well as 
 other articles forwarded by exhibitors for their own use in connection with the 
 Exhibition, and will return unsold articles free. Freight and all charges to be 
 prepaid in every case." 
 
 Goods cannot be delivered at the Exhibition grounds except over roads from 
 which the above has been received. 
 
88 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Free 
 transportation. 
 
 Regular rates 
 one way. 
 
 List of roads. 
 
 The terms on which articles sent to the International Exhibition of 1876, at 
 Philadelphia, will be transported, have been announced by the respective com- 
 panies, as follows: — 
 
 FREE TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 American Line of Coast and River Steamers, China. Russell & Co., proprietors, from ports at 
 
 which steamers touch to Shanghai. 
 Grand Tower and Carbondale Railroad, to and from the Exhibition. 
 Indiana, North and South Railroad, to and from the Exhibition. 
 Missouri, Iowa and Nebraska Railroad, to and from the Exhibition. 
 Oregon and California Railroad, to and from the Exhibition. 
 Virginia and Truckee Railroad, to and from the Exhibition. 
 
 HALF RATES. 
 
 The companies named below have agreed to transport at regular rates to 
 Philadelphia all articles intended for exhibition at the International Exhibition 
 of 1876, and to return articles unsold free. Freight and all charges to be pre- 
 paid in every case. The * indicates lines on which the owner of goods must 
 assume all risk of damage to them. 
 
 Adirondack Company's Railroad. 
 
 Alabama and Chattanooga Railroad. 
 
 Allegheny Valley Railroad. 
 
 Arkansas Valley Railway. 
 
 Ashtabula, Youngstown and Pittsburg Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Atchison and Nebraska Railroad. 
 
 Atlanta and West Point Railroad. 
 
 Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 
 
 Atlantic and Great Western Railroad. 
 
 Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Atlantic, Tennessee and Ohio Railroad. 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. 
 
 Baltimore and Potomac Railroad. 
 
 Boston and Albany Railroad. 
 
 Boston, Barre and Gardner Railroad. 
 
 Boston, Clinton and Fitchburg Railroad. 
 
 Boston and Maine Railroad.* 
 
 Boston, Lowell and Nashua Railroad.* 
 
 Boston and Providence Railroad. 
 
 Bridgeton and Port Norris Railroad. 
 
 Buffalo, New York and Philadelphia Railroad. 
 
 Burlington and Missouri River Railroad in 
 Nebraska. 
 
 Cairo and Vincennes Railroad. 
 
 Camden and Amboy Railroad. 
 
 Catasauqua and Fogelsville Railroad. 
 
 Central Railroad of New Jersey. 
 
 Central Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Central Vermont Railroad.* 
 
 Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta Railroad. 
 
 Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. 
 
 Cheshire Railroad. 
 
 Chicago and Lake Huron Railroad. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad. 
 
 Chicago and North- Western Railroad. 
 
 Chicago and Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railroad. 
 
 Cincinnati, Lafayette and Chicago Railroad. 
 
 Cincinnati, Richmond and Fort Wayne Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Cincinnati, Sandusky and Cleveland Railroad. 
 
 Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indiana 
 Railroad. 
 
 Cleveland, Mount Vernon and Columbus Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Cleveland and Pittsburg Railroad. 
 
 Columbus, Chicago and Indiana Central Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Concord Railroad. 
 
 Connecticut River Railroad.* 
 
 Cumberland Valley Railroad. 
 
 Dakota Southern Railroad. 
 
 Danville, Hazleton and Wilkesbarre Railroad. 
 
 Davenport and St. Paul Railroad 
 
 Dayton and Union Railroad. 
 
 Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. 
 
 Denver and Boulder Valley Railway. 
 
 Denver Pacific Railway. 
 
 Denver and Rio Grande Railway. 
 
 Detroit, Eel River and Illinois Railroad. 
 
 Detroit, Lansing and Lake Michigan Railroad. 
 
 Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad.* 
 
 Dubuque South-Western Railroad. 
 
 Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley and Pittsburg 
 Railroad. 
 
 East Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 Empire Transportation Company. 
 
 Erie Railroad. 
 
 Erie and Pittsburg Railroad. 
 
 Evansville and Crawfordsville Railroad. 
 
 Flint and Pere Marquette Railway. 
 
 Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Rail- 
 way. 
 
 Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railway. 
 
 Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad. 
 
 Grand Trunk Railway. 
 
 Great Western Railway of Canada. 
 
 Green Bay and Minnesota Railroad. 
 
 Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. 
 
 Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad. 
 
 Hanover Junction Railroad. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 89 
 
 Housatonic Railroad. 
 
 Houston and Texas Central Railroad. 
 
 Illinois Midland Railway. 
 
 Indianapolis, Bloomington and Western Rail- 
 way. 
 
 Indianapolis, Peru and Chicago Railroad. 
 
 Indianapolis and Vincennes Railroad. 
 
 Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Junction City and Fort Kearney Railway. 
 
 Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs 
 Railroad. 
 
 Kansas Pacific Railway. 
 
 Lake Erie and Louisville Railroad. 
 
 Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad. 
 
 Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad. 
 
 Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Lehigh Valley Railroad. 
 
 Little Miami Railroad. 
 
 Logansport.Crawfordsville and South-Western 
 Railroad. 
 
 Louisville, Cincinnati and Lexington Railroad. 
 
 Louisville, Nashville and Great Southern 
 Railroad. 
 
 Louisville, Paducah and South-Western Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Macon and Brunswick Railroad. 
 
 Mansfield, Coldwater and Lake Michigan 
 Railroad. 
 
 Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad. 
 
 Marietta, Pittsburg and Cleveland Railway. 
 
 Memphis, Carthage and North- Western Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Railroad. 
 
 Mineral Point Railroad. 
 
 Missouri River, Fort Scott and Gulf Railroad. 
 
 Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad. 
 
 Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 
 
 Morgan's Louisiana and Texas Railroad and 
 Steamship Company. 
 
 Nashua, Acton and Boston Railroad. 
 
 New Canaan Railroad. 
 
 New Haven and Northampton Railroad. 
 
 New Jersey Midland Railway. 
 
 New Jersey Southern Railroad. 
 
 New London Northern Railroad.* 
 
 New Orleans and Mobile Railroad. 
 
 New Orleans, St. Louis and Chicago Railroad. 
 
 New York Central and Hudson River Rail- 
 road. 
 
 New York and New England Railroad. 
 
 Northern Central Railroad. 
 
 North Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 North- Western Stage Company. 
 
 Ohio and Mississippi Railway. 
 
 Pennsylvania Company. 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 Pennsylvania and New York Canal and Rail- 
 road. 
 
 People's Line of Steamers. 
 
 Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad. 
 
 Philadelphia and Erie Railroad. 
 
 Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. 
 
 Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railroad. 
 
 Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad. 
 
 Poughkeepsie, Hartford and Boston Railroad. 
 
 Providence and Stonington Steamship Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Providence, Warren and Bristol Railroad. 
 
 Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Rome Railroad. 
 
 Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad. 
 
 St. Joseph and Denver City Railroad. 
 
 St. Louis, Alton and Terre Haute Railroad. 
 
 St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Rail- 
 road. 
 
 St Louis, Kansas City and Northern Railway. 
 
 St. Louis and South-Eastern Railway. 
 
 St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (1st Division). 
 
 St. Paul and Sioux City Railroad. 
 
 St. Paul, Stillwater and Taylor's Falls Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Sandusky, Mansfield and Newark Railroad. 
 
 Selma, Rome and Dalton Railroad. 
 
 Sioux City and Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Southern Central Railroad. 
 
 South and North Alabama Railroad. 
 
 Southern Minnesota Railroad. 
 
 Springfield, Athol and North-Eastern Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Springfield and North- Western Railroad. 
 
 Sussex Railroad. 
 
 Toledo, Peoria and Warsaw Railway. 
 
 Traverse City Railroad. 
 
 Tuckerton Railroad. 
 
 Vandalia Line. 
 
 Vicksburg and Meridian Railroad. 
 
 Washington and Ohio Railroad. 
 
 Washington City, Virginia Midland and Great 
 Southern Railroad. 
 
 West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad. 
 
 Western Railroad of Alabama. 
 
 Western and Atlantic Railroad. 
 
 Western Maryland Railroad. 
 
 Western Union Railroad. 
 
 West Jersey Railroad. 
 
 Wilmington, Columbia and Augusta Railroad. 
 
 Wilmington and Weldon Railroad. 
 
 Wisconsin Central Railroad. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 D. TORREV, 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 
 
 Philadelphia, January 15th, 1876. 
 
 A. T. GOSHORN, 
 
 Director- General. 
 
90 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 (V.) 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 [Afc. 142.-] 
 
 Circular No. 142. UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. INTERNATIONAL 
 
 Transportation EXHIBITION, 1 876, PHILADELPHIA. BUREAU OF TrANS- 
 
 regulations. 
 
 PORTATION. 
 
 Reception of 
 articles. 
 
 Boxing. 
 
 TO EXHIBITORS. 
 
 1. Reception of Articles. — The general reception of articles at the Exhibition 
 buildings will commence January 5th, 1876, and close on April 19th, 1876. 
 Machinery and other heavy articles will be admitted as soon as the special foun- 
 dations for them are prepared, and it is desirable that they should be in place 
 prior to the reception of other exhibits. 
 
 2. Boxing. — In boxing goods for the Exhibition, screws should be used in- 
 stead of nails. 
 
 Shipping 
 directions. 
 
 Explanatory 
 note. 
 
 Defining 
 location. 
 
 Arrangement 
 with transporta- 
 tion companies. 
 
 3. Shipping Directions. — Each package must be marked, "To the Director- 
 General International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia," and should be 
 marked on two adjoining sides, giving the following information : — 
 
 Name of exhibitor. 
 Siding at which to be unloaded. 
 Specific location allotted to the exhibitor. 
 Weight of the package. 
 
 Total number of packages sent by the exhibitor. 
 Serial number of the particular package. 
 
 Within each package should be a list of articles and a copy of the outside 
 directions. 
 
 Each package should contain only articles intended for a single department. 
 
 Note. — To facilitate the delivery of packages so marked, there have been con- 
 structed within the Exhibition grounds several lines of railway. At convenient 
 points on these lines are located sidings and platforms for the delivery of articles 
 to be exhibited in the immediate vicinity. Each siding is designated by a 
 number, and the address-label or tag on each article or package must give the 
 number of the siding at which it is to be delivered. The address-label should 
 also state the location in the building in which the article is to be exhibited, in 
 accordance with the system for designating localities, as follows : — 
 
 " Each column within the building will be lettered and numbered ; the letters 
 designating the lines of columns lengthwise from east to west, and the numbers 
 the lines crosswise from north to south. Each exhibitor will have his location 
 defined with reference to the nearest column, and the official directory of the 
 building will give the positions according to this system." 
 
 4. Arrangement with Transportation Companies. — The exceptional arrange- 
 ments made by the United States Centennial Commission with transportation 
 companies do not in any way affect the regular rules of such companies in regard 
 to the classification of goods or the conditions of receiving or transporting the 
 same, except in requiring the prepayment of freight. The rates for transporting 
 goods for the Exhibition will be obtained from the agents of the transportation 
 companies at the place of shipment, and not at Philadelphia. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 9 1 
 
 5. Through bills of lading and advice of shipment made. — Through bills of Bureau of 
 lading should be obtained, so that goods will, without any attention by the rans P or 10m 
 shipper, be sent direct to the Exhibition. They must show the precise route by Bills of lading, 
 which the articles or packages are to be transported, specifying in detail every 
 
 road over which the freight is shipped, from the point of starting to Philadelphia, 
 so that it may be returned by the same route as received. If forwarded by water, 
 the line transporting it must be named. A duplicate copy of the bill of lading 
 must be mailed by the shipper to the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, 
 United States Centennial Commission, Philadelphia, and letters of advice should 
 also be forwarded, giving information of the shipments made, and full particu- 
 lars in regard to articles of bulky dimensions or excessive weight. 
 
 6. Terminal Services. — The transportation, receiving, unpacking, arranging, Terminal 
 repacking, and reshipping of the goods exhibited, also the storage and repair of service - 
 empty cases, will be at the expense of the exhibitor. 
 
 7. Terminal Charges. — For the purpose of making a complete record of all Terminal 
 exhibits admitted to the Exhibition, and to secure efficiency, order, and to dis- c arges - 
 patch in their reception and installation, all packages on arrival at the Exhibition 
 •enclosure will be received by the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation. They 
 
 will then be unloaded and placed on the space allotted to the exhibitor; and at 
 the close of the Exhibition they will, when repacked, be removed from the 
 buildings. For this service, which the United States Centennial Commission 
 will undertake especially for the accommodation of exhibitors, a terminal charge 
 will be made, which will be as follows : — 
 
 On each separate article or package weighing five hundred pounds or less, one 
 dollar. 
 
 On each separate article or package weighing over five hundred pounds, twenty 
 cents per one hundred pounds. 
 
 Articles weighing over ten thousand pounds, fragile articles, plate-glass, &c, and Extra charges, 
 works of art, may be subject to an additional charge after arrival at the Exhibition, 
 to cover the extra cost of handling, if any. There will be no terminal charge 
 on exhibits of live stock. 
 
 (See circular VI., dated April 5th, for additional particulars.) 
 
 8. Empty Cases and Rates for Storage. — The charge for removing, storing, Storage of empty 
 and returning empty cases and packing material for exhibitors who request it cases an rates ' 
 will be as follows : — 
 
 For empty cases of dimensions twenty-seven cubic feet or less, fifty cents. 
 
 For empty cases of dimensions between twenty-seven and seventy-five cubic 
 feet, seventy-five cents. 
 
 For empty cases of dimensions over seventy-five cubic feet, per cubic foot, one 
 cent. 
 
 For box-boards, strapping, &c. (only received when securely fastened in 
 packages) — 
 
 For packages weighing fifty pounds or less, fifty cents. 
 
 For packages weighing between fifty and seventy-five pounds, seventy-five cents. 
 
 For packages weighing over seventy-five pounds, per pound, one cent. 
 
 9. Prepayment of Freight and Charges. — Goods must be free from all charges Payment of 
 incident to their transportation, when received at the Exhibition enclosure, and ^ha^ges*^ 
 the terminal charge must be prepaid. 
 
9 2 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Customs 
 regulations. 
 
 Neglected 
 packages. 
 
 Removal of 
 
 10. Customs Regulations. — The customs regulations issued by the Secretary of 
 the Treasury of the United States, permit, after transportation entry has been 
 made, the immediate transportation to Philadelphia of goods imported from 
 foreign countries. They will be transported by bonded line from the port of 
 arrival to Philadelphia, and delivered to the collector of that city, where ware- 
 house entry is required in all cases. The customs regulations for these goods 
 must be strictly complied with. 
 
 11. Neglected Packages. — If no authorized person is at hand to open and 
 arrange the goods in the Exhibition building, they will be removed and stored at 
 the cost and risk of whomsoever it may concern. 
 
 12. Removal of Goods. — The Exhibition will close the 10th of November, 
 1876. The removal of goods will not be permitted prior to that date, and must 
 be completed before the 31st of December, 1876. Goods then remaining will be 
 removed by the Director-General and sold for expenses, or otherwise disposed of, 
 under the direction of the United States Centennial Commission. 
 
 Circular No. 107 is hereby canceled. 
 
 The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these regu- 
 lations, whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interests of the Exhibition. 
 
 A. 
 
 D. TORREY, 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 
 
 Philadelphia, November 16th, 1875. 
 
 T. GOSHORN, 
 Director- GeneraL 
 
 Notes. 
 
 NOTES ON CIRCULAR No. 142. 
 
 Section sixth. 
 
 Section seventh. 
 
 Cost of terminal 
 service. 
 
 Cost at London, 
 1862, and Paris, 
 1867. 
 
 Section Sixth. — The regulations placing upon exhibitors all expenses of 
 transporting, handling, unpacking, and repacking their goods, also of carting and 
 storing their empty cases and packing material, are but a repetition of regulations 
 issued for exhibitions held in London, Paris, and Vienna, and are indisputably 
 equitable and proper. 
 
 Section Seventh. — The policy adopted by the Commission in relation to the 
 delivery and return of exhibits received, as its importance demanded, long-con- 
 tinued and thorough examination before its adoption. The expense of the whole 
 service herein referred to has not been published in the reports of previous 
 exhibitions, and indeed may not have been known, owing to the manner in which 
 the service has been performed by the exhibitors, by commissioners, or by others. 
 
 That the rates charged are not excessive, will be evident from an examination 
 of the following data compiled from reports of previous exhibitions and other 
 sources. Foreign rates are expressed in American currency — gold, one dollar and 
 fifteen cents — and no allowance made for the higher cost of labor in this country. 
 
 In all cases goods have been taken into the Exhibition enclosure by railroad, 
 water transport, cartage, or porterage. Freight charges named by agents of 
 transportation companies are usually for delivery at the established depots of the 
 companies in the city where the exhibition may be held, and if delivery at the 
 exhibition is asked, it has been paid for by an additional charge, whether the 
 service has been by railroad or cartage. This additional charge was one dollar 
 and forty cents per ton at London, in 1862, and one dollar and twenty cents per 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 93 
 
 ton in Paris, in 1867, with like charges for the return service at the close of the Bureau of 
 
 ..... Transportation. 
 
 exhibitions. 
 
 The charge for the service of taking foreign goods from the vessel and deliv- Cost of handling 
 ering them at the exhibition in London, in 1862, was four dollars and ninety London, 1862! 
 cents per ton, equal to nine dollars and eighty cents for receiving and returning 
 them, and to which should be added, to complete the statement of the proper 
 terminal cost, the expense of placing packages in the building where they were 
 to be unpacked, and at the close of the exhibition removing them. 
 
 The rate for removing goods and shipping them from the Vienna Exhibition, Cost at Vienna, 
 which sums doubled, to represent the cost of receiving as well as delivering 
 goods, give results as follows : — 
 
 For articles or packages weighing — 
 
 
 From lbs. 
 
 to 1650 lbs. 
 
 per 100. 
 
 From 1650 
 lbs. to 3300 
 lbs. per 100. 
 
 From 3300 
 lbs. to 5500 
 lbs. per 100. 
 
 From 5500 
 lbs. to 7700 
 lbs. per 100. 
 
 Removing, weighing, loading, &c, . . . 
 
 Jo. 060 
 .075 
 
 $o. 100 
 •075 
 
 $0,150 
 • 075 
 
 $0,250 
 .075 
 
 
 Total, 
 
 So. 135 
 
 $0,175 
 
 $0,225 
 
 $0,325 
 
 
 $0.27 
 
 £0.35 
 
 $0.45 
 
 $0.65 
 
 In the report made to the American Society of Civil Engineers, January 30th, Terminal costs. 
 1875, by a committee appointed "to investigate the best means of rapid transit at ew or ' 
 and of handling freight in and about the city of New York," it is stated that the 
 terminal service of receiving, storing, and shipping the total receipts of domestic 
 produce handled at New York, costs, according to the article, from one to ten 
 dollars per ton, in a yearly business of nearly five million tons, and that the 
 average expense is three dollars and seventy cents per ton. The expense of 
 handling imported merchandise shipped through New York is stated by " The 
 New York Cheap Transportation Association," in its report, page 35, to be over 
 five dollars per ton. 
 
 This information is introduced to call attention to the great cost of terminal 
 service which may exist with established trade, under circumstances not particu- 
 larly exceptional ; and considered in connection with the published records of 
 previous exhibitions above referred to, and with the higher rate of pay for all kinds 
 of labor in this country, as compared with Europe, justifies the terminal charge 
 on exhibits as within a reasonable rate. 
 
 Section Eighth. — The charge for storing empty packing-cases, including the Section eighth, 
 cartage of them to and from the place of storage, has been published as follows : — 
 
 London, 1862. 
 For cases not exceeding in greatest dimensions 3 feet $1 40 charges for 
 
 11 « a . << 2 in stor ' n g cases, 
 
 ^ ... London, 1862. 
 
 5 " 2 81 
 
 " " " 8 " 5 60 
 
 This scale of prices admits of a charge as high as over five cents per cubic 
 foot, in the first instance, over three cents in the next, over two cents in the third, 
 and over one cent in the last. The charge for cases larger than provided above 
 was a subject for special contract. 
 
94 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of Vienna, 1873. 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 The scale of rates for storage was in detail, and averaged eight mills per 
 
 Cjhtirfircs for 
 
 storing cases, cubic foot on the full list, being as high as two cents per cubic foot for small 
 Vienna, 1873! cases 
 
 Section ninth, 
 payment of all 
 charges 
 necessary. 
 
 Section Ninth. — The requirement of prepayment of freight charges is to 
 obviate the necessity of refusing to receive at the Exhibition goods which may 
 arrive in the absence of the owner, and permits the exhibitor to so time his 
 personal movements as to arrive at the Exhibition after his goods are delivered, 
 ready for being unpacked. The positive relief from tedious and expensive 
 waiting for them, which would otherwise be experienced by many exhibitors, 
 will amply justify the provisions of this regulation. 
 
 Concessions 
 in rates. 
 
 CONCESSIONS IN RATES. 
 
 The conditions on which goods for the Exhibition will be transported by most 
 of the transportation companies in the United States and Canada, are stated in 
 the following copy of their letters announcing them : — 
 
 " This company will transport at regular rates all articles intended for exhi- 
 bition at the international Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia, as well as all 
 other articles forwarded by exhibitors for their own use in connection with the 
 Exhibition, and will return unsold articles free. Freight and all charges to be 
 prepaid in every case." 
 
 To agents of 
 
 transportation 
 
 companies. 
 
 Manifests. 
 
 Certificates for 
 reshipment. 
 
 Instructions 
 issued by 
 General Freight 
 Agent 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 Railroad. 
 
 TO AGENTS OF TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES. 
 
 Extracts from Circular No. 144. 
 
 5. Manifests. — Original manifests should be made in duplicate, one copy of 
 which must be mailed to the Chief of Bureau of Transportation, United States 
 Centennial Commission, Philadelphia, and must show, in addition to the 
 information customarily given in them, the siding number given in the address, 
 also the amount of terminal charge paid on the shipment, and the precise routes 
 by which transported, specifying in detail every road over which the freight is 
 shipped from point of starting to Philadelphia, so that it may be returned by same 
 route as received. If forwarded by water, the line transporting it must be 
 named. 
 
 7. Certificate for Reshipments. — At the close of the Exhibition the Chief of 
 the Bureau of Transportation will issue, when necessary, certificates showing 
 what articles are unsold and are to be returned to the place of original shipment 
 by the route over which transported to the Exhibition. 
 
 The General Freight Agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad gives the following 
 instructions in a circular to agents and connecting lines : — 
 
 " Agents must pay no charges or expenses of any kind on goods for the 
 Exhibition, but must in all cases require prepayment of the freight and transfer 
 charges through to destination, and, in addition, the terminal expenses to be 
 incurred at the Centennial Grounds, as provided for above. 
 
 " Where articles are of different weights in same shipment, the agent must be 
 careful to collect the terminal charges on each package. 
 
 " The attention of shippers should be called to the importance of concen- 
 trating small articles into packages, in order to avoid the risk of loss or damage 
 to small articles not properly boxed. 
 
 " No article will be received unless marked with the tags furnished to the 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 95 
 
 exhibitors by the officers of the Exhibition, and unless the above rules and Bureau of 
 regulations are strictly complied with, agents must refuse to receive the goods for Transportation, 
 transportation." 
 
 TRANSFER CHARGES AND DRAYAGE. Transfer charges 
 
 and drayage. 
 
 The following extracts are from circulars issued by the companies named : — 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad. — The charge from West Philadelphia, German- Pennsylvania 
 town Junction, North Pennsylvania Railroad Junction, Richmond Junction, 
 Kensington, Frankford, Washington or Reed Street Wharves (on the Delaware), 
 or from the depots of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, in the city of Phila- 
 delphia, at which such freight may be received, will be ten. dollars per car of 
 twenty thousand pounds or less, on ordinary freights from such points to the 
 Centennial siding, in additional to the terminal charge of the Bureau of Trans- 
 portation of the International Exhibition, all of which must be prepaid, as well 
 as the freight and charges from the point of shipment. 
 
 Extraordinary freight, weighing two tons or more, requiring the use of a crane 
 or extra handling, will be cared for under the direction of the shipper or his 
 agent; and any additional expense for such extra handling or transportation must 
 be paid by said shipper or agent, in addition to the charges specified above. 
 
 This company is now prepared to receive local shipments from Philadelphia to 
 the Centennial Exposition daily, at the depots of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Fif- 
 teenth and Market streets and Washington Street Wharf; and the charge from 
 these depots to the Centennial siding will be — 
 
 For each package or lot weighing two hundred and fifty pounds or less, from 
 one shipper to one exhibitor, fifty cents. 
 
 For lots weighing over two hundred and fifty pounds, and not too large or too 
 heavy to be conveniently loaded in box freight cars, from one shipper to one 
 exhibitor, twenty cents per one hundred pounds. 
 
 Articles too heavy or bulky to be conveniently loaded in box cars will be sub- 
 ject to a special charge, as provided for above. 
 
 The above freight must be prepaid. 
 
 Clyde Line. — Transfer charges from ship to the International Exhibition Clyde Line, 
 will be as follows : — 
 
 Single package, weighing five hundred pounds or less, one dollar. 
 
 Packages or articles weighing over five hundred pounds and less than one 
 thousand pounds, two dollars. 
 
 Articles or packages not extra heavy or bulky, in lots weighing one thousand 
 pounds and upwards, twenty cents per one hundred pounds. 
 
 On shipments aggregating five thousand pounds and over, and made up of 
 articles or packages each weighing one thousand pounds or less, ten cents per 
 one hundred pounds. 
 
 For heavy freight an extra transfer charge will be made in addition to the 
 above, as follows : — 
 
 Two thousand pounds and under three thousand pounds, five dollars. 
 
 Three thousand pounds and under four thousand pounds, seven dollars. 
 
 Four thousand pounds and under five thousand pounds, ten dollars. 
 
 Five thousand pounds and under six thousand pounds, twelve dollars. 
 
 Six thousand pounds and under seven thousand pounds, sixteen dollars. 
 
 Seven thousand pounds and over, thirty cents per one hundred pounds. 
 
9 6 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Boston and 
 Philadelphia 
 Steamship 
 Company. 
 
 Boston and Philadelphia Steamship Company. — Porterage from steamer 
 to Pennsylvania Railroad depot will be as follows — 
 
 For each package or shipment weighing two hundred and fifty pounds or less, 
 twenty-five cents. 
 
 For each package or shipment weighing over two hundred and fifty pounds, 
 and not too large or heavy to be conveniently handled, ten cents per one hundred 
 pounds. 
 
 Transfer from Pennsylvania Railroad Depot to Centennial Sidings. 
 
 For each package weighing two hundred and fifty pounds or less, fifty cents. 
 
 For packages weighing over two hundred and fifty pounds, and not too large 
 or too heavy to be conveniently loaded in box freight cars, twenty cents per one 
 hundred pounds. 
 
 Articles too heavy or bulky to be loaded in box cars, or requiring the use of a 
 crane or extra handling, will be cared for under the direction of the shipper or 
 his agent, and any additional expense for such extra handling or transportation 
 must be paid by said shipper in addition to charges specified above. 
 
 (VI.) 
 
 United States Centennial Commission- 
 Transportation. 
 
 -Bureau of 
 
 Terminal 
 charges. 
 
 On ordinary 
 goods. 
 
 Local exhibits. 
 
 Hand packages. 
 
 Bulk goods. 
 
 Philadelphia, April 5th, 1876. 
 TERMINAL CHARGES. 
 
 All packages, on arrival at the Exhibition enclosure, are received by the Chief 
 of the Bureau of Transportation. They are unloaded and placed on the space 
 allotted to the exhibitor, and at the close of the Exhibition they will, when 
 repacked, be removed from the buildings. For this service a terminal charge 
 is made as follows : — 
 
 On each separate ar-ticle or package weighing five hundred pounds or less, 
 one dollar. 
 
 On each separate article or package weighing over five hundred pounds, twenty 
 cents per one hundred pounds. 
 
 Articles weighing over ten thousand pounds, fragile articles, plate-glass, &c, 
 and works of art, may be subject to an additional charge after arrival at the 
 Exhibition, to cover the extra cost of handling, if any. 
 
 To relieve local exhibitors of unnecessary expense in packing their exhibits 
 and show-cases, the terminal charge on full wagon loads to be delivered at one 
 place will be twenty cents per one hundred pounds, irrespective of the size of 
 packages, but each package must be tagged and marked with its weight. No 
 load taken for less than one dollar. 
 
 Packages brought in hand will be received at No. 4401 Elm avenue, subject 
 to a charge of twenty-five or fifty cents, according to size. 
 
 On application to the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, he is authorized 
 to give special rates of terminal charges on full car loads of bulk goods for 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 97 
 
 delivery at one place. This is intended to cover exhibits of ore, lumber, drain- Bureau of 
 pipe, State collections in small parcels, &c. 
 
 Goods and material brought to the grounds by wagon, or otherwise than by Wagon goods, 
 railroad, must be reported at the office of the Bureau of Transportation, No. 4401 
 Elm avenue, where, after the terminal charge is paid, directions and permit for 
 delivery will be issued. 
 
 A. T. GOSHORN, 
 D. TORREY, Director- General. 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 
 
 (VII.) 
 
 {No. IQ5.] 
 
 United States Centennial Commission. — International circular No.i 95 . 
 Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
 tation. 
 
 notice. 
 
 The following terminal charges specified in Section 7, circular No. 142, viz. : — Canceling 
 "On each separate article or package weighing five hundred pounds or less, terminalcnar g es - 
 one dollar; on each separate article or package weighing over five hundred 
 pounds, twenty cents per one hundred pounds," will not hereafter be required ; 
 and so much of said circular (142), and also of circular No. 144, requiring 
 payment of the same by exhibitors, is hereby rescinded. 
 
 A. T. GOSHORN, 
 D. TORREY, Director- General. 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 
 
 Philadelphia, April 10th, 1876. 
 
 (VIII.) 
 
 United States Centennial Commission. — Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Philadelphia, June 27th, 1876. 
 
 SPECIAL NOTICE TO EXHIBITORS. 
 
 Terminal charges collected on goods received at the Exhibition will be refunded Refunding 
 on and after July 5th, proximo, upon application, with authority to receipt for the terminal charges, 
 same, at the office of the receiving cashier, Bureau of Transportation, Centennial 
 Grounds, between the hours of ten A. M. and two P. M. 
 
 D. TORREY, 
 Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 
 
9 8 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 (IX.) 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 v [No. 144.} 
 
 Circular No. 144. UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. INTERNATIONAL 
 
 Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
 tation. 
 
 TO AGENTS OF TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES. 
 
 To agents of 
 
 transportation 
 
 companies. 
 
 How goods are 
 to be marked. 
 
 I. How Marked. — Articles or packages shipped for the International Exhibi- 
 tion of 1876, at Philadelphia, must be marked as follows : — 
 
 To the Ditector- General of the United States Centennial Commission, 
 International Exhibition of 1S76, at Philadelphia. 
 
 -BUILDING, CLASS 
 
 Arrangements 
 for receiving 
 goods. 
 
 Freight charges, 
 
 Terminal 
 charges. 
 
 Manifests. 
 
 Siding No. 
 
 Location, 
 
 No. of Application, 
 
 Weight, Pounds, 
 
 Exhibitor, - 
 Address,--. 
 
 No. of Packages, 
 
 ( Serial, 
 1 Total,. 
 
 2. Sidings and Platforms. — To facilitate the delivery of packages so marked, 
 there have been constructed within the Exhibition grounds several lines of rail- 
 way. At convenient points on these lines are located sidings and platforms for 
 the delivery of articles to be exhibited in the immediate vicinity. Each siding is 
 designated by a number, and the address-label or tag on each article or package 
 must give the number of siding at which it is to be delivered. 
 
 3. Prepayment of Freight and Charges. — Goods must be free from all charges 
 incident to their transportation when received at the Exhibition enclosure, and 
 the terminal charge must be prepaid. 
 
 There will be no terminal charge on exhibits of live stock. 
 
 4. Terminal Charges. — The terminal charge will be as follows : — 
 
 On each separate article or package weighing five hundred pounds or less, one 
 dollar. 
 
 On each separate article or package weighing over five hundred pounds, twenty 
 cents per hundred pounds. 
 
 5. Manifests. — Original manifests should be made in duplicate, one copy of 
 which must be mailed to the Chief of Bureau of Transportation, United States 
 Centennial Commission, Philadelphia ; and must show, in addition to the inform- 
 ation customarily given in them, the siding number given in the address, also the 
 amount of terminal charge collected on the shipment, and the precise routes by 
 which transported, specifying in detail every road over which the freight is 
 shipped from point of starting to Philadelphia, so that it may be returned by the 
 same route as received. If forwarded by water, the line transporting it must be 
 named. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 99 
 
 6. Bills of Lading. — Bills of lading must show the precise route by which the Bureau of 
 articles or packages are to be transported, specifying in detail every road over rans P or a l0n - 
 which the freight is shipped from the point of starting to Philadelphia, so that it Bills of lading, 
 may be returned by the same route as received. If forwarded by water, the line 
 transporting it must be named. A duplicate copy of the bill of lading must be 
 
 mailed to the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, United States Centennial 
 Commission, Philadelphia. 
 
 7. Certificate for Reshipments. — At the close of the Exhibition, the Chief of Certificates for 
 the Bureau of Transportation will issue, when necessary, certificates showing res lp 
 
 what articles are unsold and are to be returned to the place of original shipment 
 by the route over which transported to the Exhibition. 
 
 Circular No. 130 is hereby canceled. 
 
 A. T. GOSHORN, 
 D. TORRE Y, Director-General. 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 
 Philadelphia, November 16th, 1875. 
 
 (X.) 
 International Exhibition, 1876. — General Order No. 8. General order 
 
 No. 8. 
 
 RECEIPT OF EXHIBITS. 
 
 After Wednesday, June 14th, no goods for exhibition will be admitted to the Final receipt 
 Exhibition Grounds except articles for special displays provided for by the Agri- S oods - 
 cultural and Horticultural Departments, such as live stock, fruit, vegetables, 
 plants, &c. 
 
 A. T. GOSHORN, 
 
 Philadelphia, June 1st, 1876. Director-General. 
 
 (XL) 
 
 {No. 220.) 
 
 United States Centennial Commission. — International circular No.zoo. 
 Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
 tation. 
 
 to exhibitors of live stock. 
 
 1. The Live Stock display at the International Exhibition will be held within Live-stock 
 the months of September, October, and November, 1876; the periods devoted to Exhl ltlons - 
 each family being as follows : — 
 
 Horses, mules, and asses, from September 1st to 14th. 
 
 Dogs, from September 4th to 8th. 
 
 Horned cattle, from September 21st to October 4th. 
 
 Sheep, swine, and goats, from October 10th to 18th. 
 
 Poultry will be exhibited from October 27th to November 6th. 
 
IOO 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 2. Shipping Directions — Prepayment of freight and charges. — Live stock must 
 be free from all charges incident to its transportation, when received at the Ex- 
 
 Shipping hibition enclosure, and each animal or crate must be marked with an official tag 
 
 directions and 6 
 
 regulations. issued by the Chief of the Bureau of Agriculture. 
 
 3. Arrangement with Transportation Companies. — The exceptional arrange- 
 ments made by the United States Centennial Commission with transportation 
 companies do not in any way affect the rules of such companies in regard to the 
 classification of goods, or the conditions of receiving or transporting the same, 
 except in requiring the prepayment of freight. The rates for transporting goods 
 for the Exhibition will be obtained from the agents of the transportation compa- 
 nies at the place of shipment, and not at Philadelphia. 
 
 Bills of lading. 4- Through bills of lading and advice of shipment made. — Through bills of 
 
 lading should be obtained so that live stock will be sent direct to the Exhibition 
 from the place of shipment. They must show the precise route by which the 
 animals or crates are to be transported, specifying in detail every road over which 
 they are shipped, from point of starting to Philadelphia, so that they may be 
 returned by the same route as received. If forwarded by water, the line trans- 
 porting them must be named. A duplicate copy of the bill of lading must be 
 mailed by the shipper to the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, United 
 States Centennial Commission, Philadelphia ; and letters of advice should also 
 be forwarded, giving information of the shipments made. 
 
 5. Terminal Services. — The transportation, receiving, and reshipping of live 
 stock exhibited, also the storage and repair of empty crates, will be at the expense 
 of the exhibitor. 
 
 6. Empty Crates and Hates of Storage. — The charge for removing, storing, 
 and returning empty crates and packing material for exhibitors who request it 
 will be as follows : — 
 
 For empty crates of dimensions 27 cubic feet or less, 50 cents. 
 For empty crates of dimensions between 27 and 75 cubic feet, 75 cents. 
 For empty crates of dimensions over 75 cubic feet, per cubic foot, 1 cent. 
 For box-boards, strappings, &c. (only received when securely fastened in 
 packages) — 
 
 For packages weighing 50 pounds or less, 50 cents. 
 
 For packages weighing between 50 and 75 pounds, 75 cents. 
 
 For packages weighing over 75 pounds, per pound, I cent. 
 
 Neglected stock. 7. Neglected Stock. — If no authorized person is at hand to take charge of stock 
 in the Exhibition, it will be stalled at the cost and risk of whomsoever it may 
 concern. At the close of each serial exhibition, all animals must be removed 
 without delay, or they will be placed at board, at the expense of whomsoever it 
 may concern. 
 
 The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these regu- 
 lations, whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interests of the Exhibition. 
 
 A. T. GOSHORN, 
 D. TORRE Y, Director- General. 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 
 
 Philadelphia, August 14th, 1876. 
 
 Terminal 
 services. 
 
 Storing empty 
 cases. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 101 
 
 (XII ) 
 
 ,„ r . Transportation. 
 
 (No. 237.) 
 
 United States Centennial Commission. — International Circular ° 237- 
 Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
 tation. 
 
 TO EXHIBITORS. 
 
 I Removal of Exhibils. — The Exhibition will close the loth of November, Removal of 
 1876. The removal of goods will commence November nth, and must be com- 
 pleted before the 31st of December, 1876, unless otherwise authorized by the 
 Director-General. Goods then remaining without authority will be removed by 
 the Director-General and sold for expenses, or otherwise disposed of under the 
 direction of the United States Centennial Commission. 
 
 2. Condition of Goods for Removal. — Articles or packages will be removed Conditions for 
 from the Exhibition buildings only on the written request of the commissioner, 
 
 or the exhibitor or their authorized agent, to the Chief of the Bureau of Trans- 
 portation, on the blanks prepared for that purpose. All packages must be in 
 proper condition for shipment, marked with full directions, giving name, address 
 of the consignee, the route by which to be shipped, and, when intended for 
 exportation, the authorization of the customs authorities for the removal must 
 first be obtained. 
 
 3. Free Return Transportation. — Most of the railroad companies in the United Free return 
 States having officially announced that they would " transport at regular rates all 
 
 articles intended for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 1876, at Phila- 
 delphia, as well as all other articles forwarded by exhibitors for their own use in 
 connection with the Exhibition, and would return unsold articles free," and it 
 having been announced that "at the close of the Exhibition the Chief of the 
 Bureau of Transportation will issue, when necessary, certificates showing what 
 articles are unsold and are to be returned to the place of original shipment by the 
 route over which transported to the Exhibition," exhibitors who expect to secure 
 free return transportation for their goods must apply for such certificates at the 
 office of the Bureau of Transportation, where proper blanks for the purpose will 
 be furnished. These certificates will be issued to those exhibitors only who have 
 furnished to the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation duplicate bills of lading, 
 or like evidence of being entitled to them, as required by section 5 of Circular 
 No. 142. 
 
 4. Removal of Small Packages and Unpacked Goods. — Unpacked goods and Small packages 
 packages to be transported otherwise than by railroad may be removed by ex- unpac ed S oods - 
 hibitors if vouched for by the superintendent of the building in which exhibited, 
 
 and if, when removed from the ground, a permit for so doing is obtained to be 
 shown to the gatekeepers. 
 
 The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these 
 regulations whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interest of the 
 Exhibition. 
 
 A. T. GOSHORN, 
 D. TORREY, Director-General. 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 
 
 Philadelphia, October 28th, 1876. 
 

 102 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 (XIII.) 
 
 {No. 139.) 
 
 3 ' 239 ' United States Centennial Commission. — International 
 Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
 tation. 
 
 Burning of 
 empty packing- 
 cases. 
 
 Sir : — On the night of August 25th and morning of the 26th, four sheds con- 
 taining empty packing-cases belonging to exhibitors were totally destroyed by fire. 
 The records show that among these empty cases thus destroyed were some 
 belonging to you. This notice is sent to inform you of the event, and that the 
 Exhibition authorities are not responsible or liable for the losses or damages 
 incurred. 
 
 A. T. GOSHORN, 
 D. TORREY, Director- General'. 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 
 
 Philadelphia, October 30th, 1876. 
 
 (XIV.) 
 
 United States Centennial Commission. — Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Form of check- 
 list for goods by 
 railroad. 
 
 CHECK-LIST OF GOODS RECEIVED (BY RAILROAD). 
 
 Philadelphia : 
 
 Country, 
 
 Conveyance, from 
 
 Car No. 
 
 Manifest No. 
 
 Arrived, 1876. 
 
 Unloaded, . 
 
 Siding No. 
 
 Check Cierk. 
 
 NOTE. — Should one car load include goods from more than one country, make the entries for each by themselves. 
 NOTE.— Use this blank for only one load of goods, whether arriving by car, cart, or porter. 
 
 Exhibitor. 
 
 Description of 
 Goods. 
 
 Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Application. 
 
 Package, 
 Nos. 
 
 Weight Receipts for Owners 
 weight. . D,-.,,!,. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 (XV.) 
 (Face of the Blank.) 
 International Exhibition, Philadelphia, 1876. 
 
 NOTICE TO EXHIBITORS. 
 
 103 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 This manifest must be filled by the exhibitor or agent sending goods by any Form of check- 
 conveyance other than railroad, and one copy presented for each load forwarded, ty'^Jaefn S 
 at the office of the Receiving Cashier of the Bureau of Transportation, No. 4401 
 Elm avenue, when it will be endorsed, admitting the goods to the Exhibition 
 ground, with directions as to the exact place of delivery. 
 
 Country, Date, 187b. 
 
 Exhibitor, . _ _ Application No Dep't 
 
 5S 
 
 Em 
 
 a 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Special charges, . 
 Additional Charges, 
 
 
 
 S 
 < 
 
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 H 
 

 104 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 Form of pass for 
 goods not subject 
 to terminal j^ 
 
 charges. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 (XVI.) 
 
 THIS PERMIT TO BE TAKEN UP WHEN PRESENTED. 
 
 Building, 
 1876. 
 
 and returned by " Terminal " Men. 
 
 Guards — 
 
 Will permit bearer to deliver one load of 
 
 for 
 
 service is rendered. Weight, 
 
 free of terminal charges, unless some 
 Chief Bureau of 
 
 Form of pass 
 for removing 
 goods. 
 
 (XVII.) 
 
 THIS PERMIT TO BE TAKEN UP WHEN PRESENTED. 
 
 Not good after 1 876. 
 
 Guards — ■ 
 
 Will permit bearer to remove packages of goods 
 
 without the Exhibition Grounds. 
 
 No 
 
 Chief Bureau of 
 
 (XVIII.) 
 
 [DUPLICATE.] (No. 231) 
 
 Circular No. 231. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1 876. — BUREAU OF TrANSPOR- 
 
 Formof TATION. — UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. 
 
 certificate for 
 
 free return 
 
 transportation. PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
 
 D. TORREY, Esq., Chief of Bureau of Transportation, 
 
 Dear Sir : — Please issue Return Transportation Certificate for 
 
 (Name of article), 
 
 (Application No.) (No. of packages,) 
 
 (Condition, boxed, in package, &c,) 
 
 Addressed, Name, Station, 
 
 Railroad, State, 
 
 To be shipped via 
 
 I do hereby certify that only the articles named above are included in this ship- 
 ment, and that they were shipped to the Exhibition by said.. 
 
 from by the route named for their return; also, that the 
 
 ownership of the above-named goods has not been changed. 
 
 Note.— The above form was filled and signed by the exhibitor, and when verified in the Bureau of Trans- 
 portation, was so endorsed by using a stamp, when it was recognized by the railroad agent. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
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io6 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation . 
 
 Official notice to 
 remove goods. 
 
 (XX.) 
 1776. — International Exhibition, Philadelphia. — 1876. 
 
 Centennial Board of Finance, No. 903 Walnut Street, 
 Philadelphia, December 16th, 1876. 
 
 To the Exhibitors of the Centennial Exhibition: 
 
 At a meeting of the directors of the Centennial Board of Finance, the following 
 resolution was adopted: — 
 
 Resolved, That notice be given to all exhibitors that their exhibits and other 
 property must be removed from the Exhibition buildings on or before January 
 1st, 1877, and that the obligations of the United States Centennial Commission 
 and Centennial Board of Finance, in relation to said exhibits and property, will 
 cease on and after said date. 
 
 In pursuance of this resolution, you are herehy notified of this requirement, 
 and are respectfully desired to comply with its instructions. 
 
 Respectfully, &c, 
 
 JOHN WELSH, 
 Frederick Fraley, President. 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 Regulation for 
 the issue of 
 Centennial 
 excursion 
 tickets. 
 
 (XXI.) 
 
 Report Governing the Issue of Centennial Excursion 
 Tickets, published by the General Passenger and 
 Ticket Agents' Association, February 9TH, 1876. 
 
 1. Round-trip tickets to New York, good for thirty days, going and returning 
 by the same route, may be sold from Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, Crestline, 
 Columbus, Cincinnati, and points west thereof, in the territory east of Omaha, 
 and at competitive points south of the Ohio river, at a reduction of not more than 
 twenty-five per cent, from convention rates. 
 
 2. Round-trip tickets to Philadelphia, good for thirty days, going and 
 returning by the same route, may be sold from Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, 
 Crestline, Columbus, Cincinnati, and points west thereof, in the territory east of 
 Omaha, and at competitive points south of the Ohio river, at one dollar less than 
 the round-trip rates to New York. 
 
 3. Round-trip tickets to Philadelphia via New York, good for thirty days, 
 going and returning by the same route, may be sold from Detroit, Toledo, Cleve- 
 land, Crestline, Columbus, Cincinnati, and points west thereof, in the territory 
 east of Omaha, and at competitive points south of the Ohio river, at one dollar 
 more than the round-trip rates to New York. 
 
 4. From the territory east of Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, Crestline, Columbus, 
 and Cincinnati, the basis of reduced rates and the limit for round-trip tickets 
 shall be fixed by the trunk lines and connections, and from competitive points 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 107 
 
 between the trunk lines in said territory the rates to Philadelphia via New York Bureau of 
 shall be two dollars more than the rates to Philadelphia by the direct or short rans P or a 10n# 
 line. 
 
 5. That all terminal lines be requested to issue excursion or tourists' tickets 
 from Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore, and Washington to western and 
 southern points and return, at same rates and under same restrictions as govern 
 east-bound excursion business. 
 
 6. That all rail lines make a reduction of not less than twenty-five per cent, 
 upon convention rates for round-trip tickets, — such tickets to be good for 
 passage not more than thirty days from date of issue. 
 
 7. That in addition to round-trip tickets going and returning by same route, 
 tickets be issued by one route to return by another route, at such points as will 
 best serve the convenience of visitors to the Exhibition. 
 
 8. Considering the wide extent of territory traversed by American railways, 
 much of it is but thinly populated, the moderate rate already established by 
 schedule, and the liberal reductions now extended especially for the benefit of 
 visitors to the Exhibition, that the rates hereby established be uniformly required 
 from individual passengers or from considerable bodies of visitors traveling 
 together, whether organized or not. 
 
 9. That tickets with a tinted face, the subject-matter of which shall be uniform 
 by all lines outside of trunk lines, and in accordance with the form of tickets 
 submitted herewith, and that the date of issue be made to appear plainly, in ink, 
 on the face of each contract, in addition to the stamp on the back; such lines as 
 deem it necessary to provide for the signature of the purchaser. 
 
 10. That if any road shall make any less rates than those established and 
 agreed upon for this Centennial business, all lines represented in this Association 
 shall refuse to accept the tickets of any such road. 
 
 11. That the regular excursion tickets be placed on sale not earlier than 
 May 1st, and be continued until the thirty-first day of October. 
 
 12. That it is the sense of this Association that no line can issue excursion 
 tickets unless they participate in the reduction upon the basis established. 
 
 13. That the basis of rate/ for round-trip tickets, going by one route and 
 returning by another, shall be at similar reductions as is made on tickets going 
 and returning by the same route. 
 
 These resolutions were amended March 18th, 1876, by circular, as follows : — 
 
 "All lines in the territory west of Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, Crestline, Amendments. 
 Columbus, Cincinnati (including tickets from these points), and south of the 
 Ohio river, to print their Centennial excursion tickets to Philadelphia and New 
 York, so that they will be valid for passage sixty (60) days from date of sale; 
 also, that half Centennial excursion tickets be sold at one-half of the agreed 
 excursion rates, for use by children between the ages of five and twelve years." 
 
 And supplemented, at a meeting held in New York, March 8th, 1876, by a Supplement, 
 decision, "that from the territory east of Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, Crestline, 
 Columbus, and Cincinnati, and west or north of (including) Binghamton, Elmira, 
 Corry, Pittsburg, Wheeling, and Parkersburg, excursion tickets to Philadelphia 
 and New York be made good for thirty days from date of issue; that a reduction 
 
io8 
 
 INTERNA TIONAL ' EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Final 
 supplement. 
 
 be made of not more than twenty-five per cent, from convention rates to Phila- 
 delphia, for round-trip tickets, via direct routes; that the rates on tickets to 
 Philadelphia, via New York, returning by the same route, be two dollars more 
 than the rates to Philadelphia by the direct or short line ; and that the rates on 
 tickets to Philadelphia, via New York, and returning via a direct pr short line, 
 and vice versa, shall be one dollar more than the rates by a direct or short line to 
 Philadelphia." 
 
 And further supplemented, at a meeting held in New York, Septembei 9th, 
 1876, when it was determined that from September 15th the rates for round-trip 
 Centennial tickets be reduced to the sum of the present cut rates, both ways, 
 maintaining the established discrepancy between tickets to Philadelphia direct 
 and those via New York ; that all such tickets be stamped void after November 
 30th ; that lines west and south-west of St. Louis and Chicago shall make a re- 
 duction of 35 per cent, from regular rates ; and that lines south of the Ohio river 
 make a reduction of 25 per cent, from such rates as previously determined. 
 
 (XXII.) 
 
 First Treasury 
 regulations to 
 govern the 
 importation of 
 exhibits. 
 
 Act of Congress, 
 
 Form of entry. 
 
 Regulations Governing the Free Importation of Goods 
 for the International Exhibition of 1876, at Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Treasury Department, 
 Washington, D. C, October 3d, 1874. 
 
 An act of Congress approved June 1 8th, 1874, entitled "An act to admit free 
 of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition of 1876," provides as 
 follows : — 
 
 "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States 
 of America in Congress assembled, That all articles which shall be imported for 
 the sole purpose of exhibition at the International Exhibition to be held in the 
 city of Philadelphia in the year 1876, shall be admitted without the payment of 
 duty or of customs fees or charges, under such regulations as the Secretary of 
 the Treasury shall prescribe : Provided, That all such articles as shall be sold in 
 the United States or withdrawn for consumption therein at any time after such 
 importation shall be subject to the duties, if any, imposed on like articles by the 
 revenue laws in force at the date of importation : And provided fitrther, That in 
 case any articles imported under the provisions of this act shall be withdrawn for 
 consumption, or shall be sold without payment of duty as required by law, all the 
 penalties prescribed by the revenue laws shall be applied and enforced against 
 such articles and against the person who may be guilty of such withdrawal or 
 sale." f 
 
 In pursuance of the provisions of this act the following regulations are 
 prescribed : — 
 
 First. — No duty or customs fees or charges being required on any such impor- 
 tations, a new form of entry is prescribed, which will be employed in all cases a 
 the port where such goods are received. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 109 
 
 Second, — The ports of New York, Boston, Portland, Me., Burlington, Vt., Bureau of 
 Suspension Bridge, N. Y., Detroit, Port Huron, Mich., Chicago, Philadelphia, rans P or 
 Baltimore, Norfolk, New Orleans, and San Francisco, will alone constitute ports Ports of entry, 
 of entry at which importations for said Exhibition will be made free of duty. 
 
 Third. — All articles designed for such Exhibition must be forwarded, accom- Invoices, 
 panied by an invoice or schedule of the numbers, character, and commercial 
 value of each shipment, which statement shall be attested before a consul of the 
 United States, Or a civil magistrate of the country in which they are produced or 
 from which they are shipped to the United States. Such verified bill of contents 
 and values will be transmitted in triplicate, one copy to the collector of customs 
 at the port where it is desired to make entry, which will be retained for the files 
 of his office ; one copy to some duly authorized agent, either of the owners, or of 
 the foreign commission of the country from which shipment was made, which 
 agent must in all cases be recognized by the Director-General of the Exhibition 
 who will, by virtue of that authority, verify the goods and make entry ; and one 
 copy to the collector at the port of Philadelphia ; and all packages and enclo- 
 sures containing goods destined for such Exhibition must be plainly and conspicu- 
 ously marked with the words, "For the International Exhibition of 1876, at 
 Philadelphia." 
 
 Fourth. — All goods arriving so marked and represented, either at the time of Immediate 
 arrival or at any time while remaining in the custody of the collector of customs 
 at the port of arrival on general order, will, when entered at the port of arrival, 
 be delivered without examination to such recognized agent or agents, to be by 
 him or them forwarded from the port of arrival by bonded line of transportation 
 to Philadelphia, there to be delivered to the custody of the collector of that 
 port. 
 
 Fifth. — Entry for warehouse will be made for all such transported packages Warehouse 
 on arrival at the said port of Philadelphia, and original entry for warehouse will 
 be made of all goods directed by first shipment to Philadelphia. Warehouse entry 
 having been made, the packages will be held in the custody of the said collector 
 until the Exhibition building, or some building erected by and in the custody of 
 the officers controlling the said Exhibition, and suitable for secure custody as a 
 warehouse under the authority of the United States, is ready to receive them. 
 
 Sixth. — Separate and complete records of all packages so transmitted and Records, 
 received by the collector at Philadelphia will be made by the storekeeper at the 
 port of Philadelphia in a book prepared for the purpose, in which will be entered, 
 so far as known, the owner's name, the agent's name representing the articles, the 
 country from which shipped, the date of such shipment, the name of the import- 
 ing vessel, and the date of arrival, the general description and value of the goods, 
 and the specific marks and numbers of the packages. Such record will also be 
 kept in duplicate by a special inspector of customs who, under the direction of 
 the Secretary of the Treasury, shall be appointed to identify, forward, and care 
 for packages so properly marked, and intended in good faith for the Exhibition, 
 but which may not be properly represented by an owner or agent. 
 
 Seventh. — When the said Exhibition building, or a warehouse suitable for Permits to place 
 secure custody of articles intended for the Exhibition, duly authorized for re- Exhibition, 
 ceiving bonded goods, shall be ready to receive articles then in the custody of 
 
no 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Irregular 
 
 importations. 
 
 Charges on 
 goods. 
 
 No fees. 
 
 Withdrawal of 
 goods for sale. 
 
 Duties. 
 
 the collector of the port of Philadelphia, descriptive permits, in duplicate, shall 
 be issued by the said collector to the storekeeper of the port, directing the 
 delivery of packages as required by the owner or agent, or by the officers of said 
 Exhibition, — one copy of which permits shall be preserved by the said store- 
 keeper, the second copy to be delivered with the goods to a proper officer of the 
 customs stationed at the said Exhibition building or warehouse, to be there kept 
 as a record of goods entered for such Exhibition in addition to the duplicate 
 required to be kept in a book of proper forms as before referred to. And all 
 packages shall be opened in presence of an officer of the customs, who shall 
 verify the contents from and upon such descriptive list, correcting and completing 
 it as the facts may require. 
 
 Eighth. — In case of receipt by the collector at Philadelphia of packages 
 imperfectly described or verified, or in regard to which information may be 
 received questioning the good faith of the persons forwarding the same, the said 
 collector may direct an examination, in proper form, for the purpose of deter- 
 mining the question, and if, on conference with the Director-General, the goods 
 are found to have been forwarded not in good faith for said Exhibition, they will 
 be charged with duty according to their value and classification, and held by the 
 said collector, subject to appeal to the Secretary of the Treasury, to await proper 
 claim and payment of duty by their owners. 
 
 Ninth. — All charges for transportation, drayage, and freight, accruing on 
 goods arriving for said Exhibition, will be required to be paid by the owner or 
 agent at the time of their delivery into the custody of the collector of customs 
 at Philadelphia, or if on packages of small bulk or weight, not accompanied by 
 the owner or agent, or consigned to a foreign commissioner, and not exceeding 
 five dollars in amount, will be charged against the goods as so delivered into 
 the custody of the collector at Philadelphia, to be paid with other charges sub- 
 sequently accruing before the permit is issued for their delivery to the Exhibition 
 building ; and on all packages exceeding fifty pounds in weight, half storage, 
 as provided by regulation for the storage of ordinary merchandise in the public 
 warehouse at the port of Philadelphia, will be charged against the goods received 
 and stored therein from the time of receipt to the time of delivery to the Exhi- 
 bition building. No fees for entry, permit, or other official act, and no duties 
 will be charged upon or against such packages until after their withdrawal from 
 such Exhibition, for sale, at its close, or during its continuance. 
 
 Tenth. — All articles received and entered at such Exhibition in the manner 
 hereinbefore provided may, at any time consistently with the regulations con- 
 trolling said Exhibition, be withdrawn for sale or delivery to other parties than 
 the owner or agent concerned in their importation, on payment of the duties 
 properly accruing on said goods according to the laws in force at the time of the 
 importation thereof; and for the purpose of assessment and determination of 
 such duties, and for proper identification of the articles, an officer of the 
 appraiser's department of the port of Philadelphia shall be detailed to make 
 due examination of the articles so withdrawn or sold, verifying them by the 
 record of their introduction, and charging upon a proper form, to be prepared 
 for such purpose, the said rate and amount of duty ; and on payment of the 
 duty so charged, but without fee or other expenses, the owner or agent shall 
 receive a permit for their removal from the Exhibition. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. Ill 
 
 Eleventh. — Articles designed to be returned to the foreign country from Bureau of 
 which the same were imported, or to be removed from the United States, will, 
 at the close of the Exhibition, or at such time as shall be directed by the officers Export entries. 
 of such Exhibition, be verified by the customs officer in charge at the Exhibition, 
 re-enclosed, duly marked, and forwarded, under permit of the collector at 
 Philadelphia, to any other port for export, or may be directly exported from 
 Philadelphia. Export entries for such use will be prepared, corresponding to 
 the import entries under which the goods were originally received. 
 
 Twelfth. — A special inspector of customs will, under the direction of the 
 Secretary of the Treasury, report at intervals to the collectors of the ports of 
 Philadelphia and of New York, or of such other ports as he may be directed to 
 visit, for the purpose of applying the regulations herein provided. 
 
 (Signed) B. H. BRISTOW, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 (XXIII.) 
 The Free Importation of Goods for the International second Treasury 
 
 -,-, „ , -p. regulations to 
 
 Exhibition of 1870, at Philadelphia. govern the 
 
 importation of 
 exhibits. 
 
 Treasury Department, November 1st, 1875. 
 
 An act of Congress, approved June 18th, 1874, entitled " An act to admit free 
 of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition of 1876," provides as 
 follows : — 
 
 " Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States Act of Congress. 
 of America in Congress assembled, That all articles which shall be imported for 
 the sole purpose of exhibition at the International Exhibition, to be held in the 
 city of Philadelphia, in the year 1876, shall be admitted without the payment of 
 duty or of customs fees or charges, under such regulations as the Secretary of the 
 Treasury shall prescribe : Provided, That all such articles shall be sold in the 
 United States or withdrawn for consumption therein, at any time after such 
 importation, shall be subject to the duties, if any, imposed on like articles by the 
 revenue laws in force at the date of importation: And provided further, That in 
 case any articles imported under the provisions of this act shall be withdrawn 
 for consumption, or shall be sold without payment of duty as required by law, 
 all the penalties prescribed by the revenue laws shall be applied and enforced 
 against such articles and against the person who may be guilty of such with- 
 drawal or sale." 
 
 In pursuance of the provisions of this act the following regulations are 
 prescribed : — 
 
 1. No duty, fees, or charges for customs service will be exacted on any No duty or fees, 
 such importations, except in case of entry, as provided by Article XIV. of these 
 regulations. 
 
 2. The ports of Portland, Me., Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Ports of entry. 
 New Orleans, and San Francisco, on the seaboard, and St. Alban's, Rouse's 
 
112 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Invoices. 
 
 Immediate 
 transportation 
 entry and 
 permit. 
 
 Manifest. 
 
 Point, Suspension Bridge, Buffalo, Detroit, Port Huron, and Chicago, as ports 
 on the northern frontier, will constitute the only ports of entry at which such 
 importations may be made. 
 
 3. Goods destined for such Exhibition imported through the above-named 
 frontier ports may be forwarded in the same manner as now allowed by law and 
 regulations for other importations. 
 
 4. Invoices showing the marks, numbers, character, quantity, and foreign 
 market value of articles intended for such Exhibition shall be authenticated by 
 the hand and official seal of the commissioner of the International Exhibition 
 appointed by the government of the country from which such articles are 
 imported, and shall be made in triplicate and forwarded, — one copy to the collec- 
 tor of customs for the port at which it is intended such articles shall enter the 
 United States, one copy to the collector of customs for the port of Philadelphia, 
 and one copy to the consignee or agent of the shipper. In case it shall be im- 
 practicable to obtain the authentication of a commissioner under official seal, verifi- 
 cation by a consular officer of the United States may be accepted instead. (Page 
 126.) 
 
 5. All packages containing such articles must be conspicuously addressed to 
 the "Director-General of the International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia." 
 
 6. Upon the arrival at any of the above-named ports, except New Orleans and 
 San Francisco, of packages so marked and containing articles intended for such 
 Exhibition, duplicate entry thereof, in form to be prescribed, may be made by the 
 consignee or agent thereof, for immediate transportation to Philadelphia, by a duly 
 authorized bonded route, but transportation bond will not be required. 
 
 7. The entry having been compared with the invoice received from the com- 
 missioner, found correct, and numbered and registered in a book provided for 
 that purpose, the collector will issue a special permit for the transfer of such 
 packages from the importing vessel to the cars for transportation, care being taken 
 to fully identify the packages by the marks and numbers as described in the bill 
 of lading, entry, and invoice, and will transmit the entry to the surveyor with 
 proper directions for shipment. 
 
 8. Such transfer must be made by bonded cart or truck, and the packages 
 must be accompanied by a customs officer detailed for that purpose, from the time 
 they are removed from the importing vessel until they are placed upon the cars 
 for transportation, and such officer will be required to superintend the lading and 
 secure the cars by customs lock and seal. 
 
 9. Triplicate manifests for each car so laden, showing the marks, numbers, 
 &c. of such packages as described in the entry, will be prepared and signed 
 by the proper agent of the railroad company by whom such articles are to be 
 transported. Each of said manifests will be certified as correct by the shipping 
 inspector, who will deliver one manifest to the conductor or agent of the railroad 
 company, and return the other two with the entry, also certified by him, to the 
 collector. (Page 130.) 
 
 10. The entry having been duly registered and certified, as hereinbefore re- 
 quired, the collector will transmit the same by mail, with the invoice, bill of 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 113 
 
 lading, and manifest, to the collector of customs at Philadelphia, the duplicate Bureau of 
 manifest to be retained on the files of the custom-house at the port of entry. 
 
 At ports where there is a naval office the entries for transportation will be 
 made in triplicate — one copy for the files of that office, one for the collector's 
 office, and one for transmittal, as above required, to Philadelphia. 
 
 11. Upon the arrival of the cars containing such articles at the Exhibition Unloading cars, 
 buildings at Philadelphia, the conductor or agent of the railroad company will 
 
 report such arrival by the presentation of the manifest to the customs officer 
 designated to receive such manifests, who shall compare the same with the copy 
 received by mail, and superintend the opening of the cars, taking care to identify 
 the packages by marks and numbers as described in the manifests. In case of 
 the non-receipt of the manifests, the unlading of the cars shall not, for that 
 reason, be delayed, but the invoice will be used to identify the packages. 
 
 12. Immediate notice of such arrival of the goods shall be given by the Warehouse 
 collector of customs at Philadelphia to the collector of the port from which such entr y- 
 articles were shipped, and such notice will be numbered to correspond with the 
 
 entry, and the date of its receipt recorded in the register of entries prescribed to 
 be kept at ports where entries for transportation are made. The packages will be 
 retained in the custody of the customs officers at the Exhibition building, unopened, 
 until special entry for warehouse, in form to be prescribed, is made by the owner, 
 consignee, or agent authorized to make entry, but no warehousing bond will be 
 required. (Page 127.) 
 
 13. Upon the completion of the special warehouse entry the packages will be Appraisal of 
 opened and due examination and appraisement of the contents, with proper ex l ' s ' 
 allowance for damage sustained on the voyage of importation, if any, will be 
 
 made by the appraiser at the Exhibition buildings, which shall, for that purpose, 
 be regarded as a public store. The appraiser will be furnished with the invoice 
 of the articles to be appraised, and will endorse his report of appraisement and 
 his allowance for damage, if any, upon such invoice in like manner as if such 
 articles were regularly entered for consumption or warehouse. No allowance 
 for damage, however, exceeding fifty per cent., will be made without the approval 
 of the department. The entry will then be liquidated, the full amount of duties 
 ascertained, and the whole transaction entered upon a record to be provided for 
 that purpose. 
 
 14. The articles may then be placed in the position provided for their exhi- Custody of 
 bition, but will remain under the custody and control of the customs officers, and cus oms 
 will not be removed from the place assigned without a permit from the collector 
 
 of customs or the officer who may be designated to grant such permit. In no 
 case will such articles be removed from the Exhibition building, or released from 
 the custody of the customs officers, unless the same shall have been regularly 
 entered at the custom-house in Philadelphia for consumption, warehouse, or 
 export. 
 
 15. In case of exportation of such articles, existing regulations requiring 
 exports to be made in original packages will be waived. 
 
 16. Entry of articles designed for such Exhibition arriving at the ports of San Ports of San 
 Francisco or New Orleans must be made in the manner now prescribed by law N< ] w o r ieans 
 and regulations on the importation of dutiable merchandise, either for warehouse 
 

 114 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Port of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 and immediate transportation in bond, or for immediate transportation without 
 appraisement. Upon the arrival of such articles at Philadelphia they will be 
 received into the custody of customs officers (whose certificate to that effect, in 
 the form to be prescribed, shall be sufficient to cancel the transportation bond), 
 and thereupon special entry for warehouse without bond may be made as provided 
 by these regulations. 
 
 17. When such articles arrive at Philadelphia by vessel direct from a foreign 
 country, the entry for transportation will not be required, but a special entry for 
 warehouse, in the manner hereinbefore provided, may be made, whereupon a 
 special permit will be issued for the transfer of the articles from the importing 
 vessel to the cars for transportation from the vessel direct to the Exhibition build- 
 ings; and the same proceedings as to identification of the articles, their transfer 
 from the vessel to the cars, the preparation of manifests, and the careful and 
 continuous supervision by a customs officer over the whole transaction, will be 
 required as at other ports. (Pages 127 and 128.) 
 
 18. Upon the arrival of such cars at the Exhibition building, after special 
 warehouse entry of the packages is made, they will be opened and the contents 
 of the packages examined and appraised as hereinbefore provided. 
 
 19. The special forms of entries, permits, manifests, and records to be used 
 under these regulations will be prepared and furnished by the Treasury De- 
 partment. 
 
 20. Collectors of customs will report to the Secretary of the Treasury any case 
 relating to an importation for such Exhibition in which they may regard these 
 regulations as insufficient to secure the interests of the revenue, and special 
 instructions will be given for their guidance in such case. 
 
 21. The regulations heretofore issued under date of October 3d, 1874, and 
 May 18th, 1875, are hereby superseded and annulled : Provided, however, That 
 no rights or interests heretofore acquired thereunder shall be affected to the 
 injury of the parties concerned. 
 
 B. H. BRISTOW, 
 
 Secretary. 
 Collectors of Customs and Others. 
 
 (XXIV. 
 
 Decision of 
 Secretary of the 
 Treasury. 
 
 Double duties 
 not exacted. 
 
 Treasury Department, November 22d, 1875. 
 
 1. No duties will be levied on watches or scientific instruments already 
 taxed, which shall be withdrawn for exhibition from the depots, in the United 
 States, of Swiss manufacture; nor will the customs officers generally assume 
 charge of any goods not imported for exhibition. Such taxed goods will be 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 115 
 
 admitted to the Exposition under the rules of the Centennial Commission, which Bureau of 
 rules this department does not control. Double duties will not be exacted, 
 whether goods shall be sold or returned to " their respective depots in the United Duties paid not 
 States," neither will duties already paid on importations be refunded on their re un e • 
 exportation to a foreign country. 
 
 2. In the event of the loss by theft of articles which have been entered for Articles stolen, 
 exhibition, the importer or owner will be responsible, primarily, for the duties 
 
 thereon ; but on a proper representation of the facts in writing to this department, 
 payment of the duties will be waived, if the circumstances appear to justify such 
 action. Should collectors of customs consider the regulations already established 
 insufficient to protect the revenue which may accrue on small and valuable 
 articles, they are required by Article XX. of said regulations to report the case 
 to this department for special instructions. 
 
 3. Invoices of articles intended for exhibition will be authenticated by the 
 Swiss commissioner, or by a consular officer of the United States, in the manner 
 provided for in Article IV. of the circular of this department of the 1st instant, a 
 copy of which, containing the regulations above referred to, is enclosed herewith. 
 
 4. The deterioration of perishable goods, and the consumption of articles as Perishable 
 samples during the Exhibition, will be made the subject of special consideration famcles 
 by this department, with a view to the relief of the owner from the payment of 
 
 duties, on the receipt of a report from the collector of customs at Philadelphia 
 establishing the facts. 
 
 5. Show-cases will be admitted free, as accessories to the Exhibition; but if Show-cases. 
 sold, will become subject to duty. 
 
 6. If a difference be found to exist in the quantity of goods entered at the Duties only on 
 custom-house and that eventually exported or withdrawn at the close of the fonsumed? 3 V 
 Exposition, action will be taken as mentioned in the paragraphs of this letter 
 numbered 3 and 5. It is not contemplated that duties shall be levied, except on 
 
 goods which have actually entered into consumption in this country ; and the 
 Treasury Department will take pleasure in relieving exhibitors of all burdens not 
 indispensable to the protection of the revenue. 
 * * * * ******* 
 
 B. H. BRISTOW, 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 (XXV.) 
 Centennial Exhibition. 
 
 Treasury Department, December 1st, 1875. 
 
 Sir : — The question having been presented for the decision of this department Foreign 
 by A. T. Goshorn, Esq., Director-General of the International Exhibition of 1876, fXbTwrT' 3 aS 
 as to how far foreign governments acting as exhibitors at the Exhibition will be 
 
u6 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 expected to conform to the customs regulations respecting invoices and entry of 
 articles to be exhibited by them, I have the honor to request you to inform him 
 that in case the articles intended for exhibition are government property, used 
 solely for government purposes and not intended for sale in this country, they 
 will be admitted to entry upon a certificate to that effect by the commissioner for 
 the International Exhibition of the government to which such property belongs, 
 and the usual oaths will be waived. 
 
 Articles owned and exhibited by foreign governments, not embraced in the 
 above description, will be subject to the rules prescribed for similar importations 
 by private individuals. 
 
 I have the honor to remain, sir, your obedient servant, 
 
 CHARLES F. CONANT, 
 Hon. Z. Chandler, Acting Secretary. 
 
 Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 
 
 (XXVI.) 
 Damage Appraisements. 
 
 Appraisal of 
 damaged goods. 
 
 When exhibitors have completed the opening of their packages, the com- 
 missioners from the country to which they belong are requested to cause to be 
 made out, without delay, a list of the articles broken or claimed to have been 
 otherwise damaged during the voyage of importation, and file the same in the 
 office of the appraiser of customs, who will detail a board of examiners to 
 determine the extent of the damage sustained. Said list must set forth, in 
 separate and distinct terms, name of the exhibitor, marks and numbers of the 
 case, name of the article damaged, and the country to which the exhibitor 
 belongs. Blank forms for this purpose will be supplied upon application at the 
 appraiser's office. 
 
 E. B. MOORE, 
 April, 1876. U. S. Appraiser. 
 
 Allowance for 
 damage or 
 depreciation of 
 goods. 
 
 Under date of September 7th, 1876, when asked if a reduction of duties would 
 be allowed at the close of the Exhibition on articles exhibited therein that have 
 been injured by exposure or soiled by handling, and thus depreciated in value, 
 the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury replied, that by law (Section 2984, R. S.) 
 which applies to goods in the Exhibition buildings, "Allowance for damage or 
 depreciation shall be made on goods deposited in bonded warehouse or public 
 store only when occasioned by accidental fire or other casualty." And that the 
 power of granting such relief was vested exclusively in the Secretary of the 
 Treasury. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 117 
 
 (XXVII.) Bureau of 
 
 1 ransportation. 
 
 Special Regulations for the Disposition of Foreign 
 Goods during and at the close of the International 
 Exhibition. 
 
 1876. Treasury Department, 
 
 Department No. 72. 
 
 Secretary's Office. WASHINGTON, D. C, June 1st, 1 876. 
 
 The following regulations concerning the disposition of foreign goods im- Treasury 
 
 ported for the International Exhibition, prescribed under and by virtue of the the^fsposuion of 
 
 powers vested in the Secretary of the Treasury by the act of Tune 1 8th, 1874, are foreign goods at 
 v / „ , J the Exhibition, 
 
 published for the guidance of all concerned : — ■ 
 
 1 . Each foreign exhibitor will be required to prepare a complete list or List of goods, 
 schedule of all his exhibits as soon as possible after the same are placed in 
 
 position, giving a specific description of each article, and the value thereof 
 Such list or schedule will be filed with the customs officer in charge at the Cen- 
 tennial buildings. 
 
 Upon the receipt of such schedule, a careful verification of the same will be Appraisal, 
 made by comparison with the goods on exhibition, and all goods reported by the 
 exhibitor as intended for sale will be examined, appraised, and the value thereof 
 reported by the appraiser. 
 
 All duplicate articles, and other goods, wares, and merchandise found in Entry of goods 
 possession of foreign exhibitors, not placed in position for exhibition, must be n0 
 immediately entered for consumption or warehouse in the same manner as re- 
 quired for ordinary importations. Such goods must be repacked in the presence 
 of a customs officer, in the manner hereinafter described, and either securely 
 fastened with customs seals or removed from the Exhibition buildings without 
 unnecessary delay. In case of failure to make due entry of surplus articles, as 
 above required, such articles will be taken possession of by the collector, and 
 sent to the public store as unclaimed goods. 
 
 2. Exhibitors desiring to make sales with immediate delivery during the Sales entry and 
 Exhibition, are required, as a preliminary to the exercise of such privilege, to pay P ermit - 
 
 or secure duty on all articles offered for sale, and to make proper entry thereof. 
 Such entry may be, at the option of the exhibitor, either for consumption or ware- 
 house. If for consumption, the duties will be duly ascertained and paid at the 
 time of entry, and a permit issued for the delivery of the goods embraced in such 
 entry. If for warehouse, the usual bond, with sufficient sureties, must be given, 
 and duties will then be payable on a withdrawal entry, at which time the permit 
 for delivery will be issued. (Page 132.) 
 
 All articles intended for sale and entered for warehouse, must be kept under 
 customs seals until withdrawn for payment of duties, and no goods will, under 
 any circumstances, be delivered to purchasers until after the proper permit shall 
 have been issued. 
 
 Goods on which duties shall have been paid, and which, at the close of the Exportation of 
 Exhibition, remain unsold, may be withdrawn for exportation with benefit of S°°ds. 
 drawback in the usual manner. 
 
 3. At the close of the Exhibition, all goods intended to be returned to foreign Packing goods 
 countries must be packed under the supervision of customs officers, who will or expor 
 

 I 13 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of carefully check off from the schedule referred to in section I all articles so packed, 
 Transportation. and wju cord and sea j the package when dosed 
 
 Transportation A special entry for transportation and export, in form to be prescribed by the 
 
 and export entry. (j e p ar t m ent, will be made by the exhibitor or his agent, or by the commissioner 
 representing the country from which the goods were imported, in which entry the 
 packages will be described by marks, numbers, contents, and values, and a permit 
 for exportation will be issued by the collector and countersigned by the naval 
 officer. The packages will then be laden upon the cars for transportation to the 
 exporting vessel, under the supervision of the customs officers, who will see that 
 Manifests. each car is securely fastened with customs locks or seals. Triplicate manifests 
 
 for each car so laden, describing the packages by marks and numbers, will 
 be prepared and signed by the proper agent of the railroad company, — one of 
 which will be forwarded by mail to the collector or other customs officer at the 
 port or destination of the car, one will be sent with the car, and the third will be 
 returned to the custom-house by the shipping officer, with his report of lading. 
 
 Transferring 
 goods from 
 cars to vessels. 
 
 Special entry 
 not applicable. 
 
 Entry for goods 
 sold. 
 
 4. Upon arrival of the cars at the place for shipment on board the exporting 
 vessel, the locks or seals will be broken and the packages carefully compared 
 and checked out from the manifest by a customs officer. If the car appears to 
 have been tampered with, or any package is missing, the entire car-load will be 
 detained and the case reported to the collector for investigation. 
 
 Should it be necessary to transfer the packages from the cars to vessels by 
 carts or drays, bonded carts must be employed, the customary dray receipts used, 
 and the packages kept under the continuous supervision of customs officers from 
 the time the same are unladen from the cars until they are placed upon the 
 export vessel. 
 
 5. The exportation of Exhibition goods in the manner above described will 
 not be allowed at ports other than those of Philadelphia, New York, and Balti- 
 more, and, as no export bond is required, such exportations must be only in 
 steamships of regular lines, unless otherwise specially directed by the Secretary 
 of the Treasury. 
 
 If goods are exported from the Exhibition buildings through any other ports 
 than those above named, or in vessels other than those of regular lines, the usual 
 entry for transportation and exportation must be made, and bond given as re- 
 quired for ordinary exports. 
 
 The exportation of Canadian exhibits will be governed by special instructions 
 to be hereafter promulgated. (Page 121.) 
 
 6. Entry for consumption of articles sold, for delivery at close of Exhibition, 
 may be made by exhibitors upon blank forms to be furnished by the department 
 for that purpose, and the articles so entered shall be checked off from the lists or 
 schedules hereinbefore referred to. 
 
 7. Goods not exported at the close of the Exhibition may be repacked in the 
 manner herein prescribed and entered for consumption or warehouse, at the 
 option of the owner. 
 
 B. H. BRISTOW, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. II9 
 
 (XXVIII.) Bureau of 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 Notice to Exhibitors of Foreign Goods. 
 
 Custom House, Centennial Buildings, 
 Surveyor's Office, June 20th, 1876. 
 
 The regulations of the Treasury Department, under date of June 1st, require Notice calling for 
 that " each foreign exhibitor will be required to prepare a complete list or 
 schedule of all his exhibits as soon as possible after the same are placed in 
 position, giving a specific description of each article, and the value thereof; 
 such list or schedule will be filed with the customs officer in charge at the 
 Centennial buildings." 
 
 By direction of the collector of customs, notice is hereby given to the ex- 
 hibitors of foreign goods, that such list or schedule must be made up and placed 
 in the hands of the surveyor of customs on or before the 30th of June inst. 
 Any dutiable articles found in said Centennial buildings after that date, which 
 have not been properly scheduled and reported, will be taken in charge by the 
 
 customs officers. 
 
 By order of the collector. 
 
 E. O. GOODRICH, 
 
 Surveyor of Customs. 
 
 (XXIX.) 
 
 Special Regulations to govern the sale of Foreign 
 Goods and the Collection of Duties thereon at the 
 International Exhibition in Philadelphia. 
 1876. 
 
 Department No. 88. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, July 2ISt, 1876. 
 
 Secretary's Office. 
 
 A joint resolution of Congress approved July 20th, 1876, entitled "Joint Treasury 
 resolution to amend the act approved June 18th, 1874, relating to the admission ^g" 13 "™ 5 to 
 of articles intended for the International Exhibition of 1876," reads as follows: — of goods. 
 
 "Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United Slates of Joint resolution 
 America in Congress assembled, That the act approved June 18th, 1874, entitled of Congress. 
 'An act to admit free of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition 
 of 1876,' be and the same is hereby so amended as to permit the sale and 
 delivery, during the Exhibition, of goods, wares,' and merchandise heretofore 
 imported and now in the Exhibition buildings, subject to such additional regu- 
 lations for the security of the revenue and the collection of duties thereon as the 
 Secretary of the Treasury may, in his discretion, prescribe. 
 
 " Section 2. That the entire stock of each exhibitor, consisting of goods 
 wares, and merchandise imported by him and now in said buildings, is hereby 
 declared liable for the payment of duties accruing on any portion thereof, in case 
 of the removal of such portion from said buildings without payment of the 
 lawful duties thereon. 
 
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of " Section 3. That the penalties prescribed by and the provisions contained in 
 
 Transportation. Section 3082 of the Revised Statutes shall be deemed and held to apply in the 
 case of any goods, wares, or merchandise now in said buildings, sold, delivered, 
 or removed without payment of duties, in the same manner as if such goods, 
 wares, or merchandise had been imported contrary to law ; and the article or 
 articles so sold, delivered, or removed shall be deemed and held to have been so- 
 imported with the knowledge of the parties respectively concerned in such sale, 
 delivery, or removal." 
 
 By virtue of the authority conferred upon the Secretary of the Treasury by 
 the foregoing joint resolution, the following regulations are prescribed to govern 
 the sale of foreign goods, and the collection of duties thereon, at the International 
 Exhibition at Philadelphia : — 
 
 1. No sales of foreign goods for immediate delivery will be allowed unless 
 the owner thereof, or his agent, shall have first obtained from the collector of 
 customs at Philadelphia a permit, in form to be prescribed by the Secretary of 
 the Treasury, authorizing such sales. (Page 129.) 
 
 2. Before such a permit is granted, a complete schedule of all articles imported 
 for the Exhibition by the person or his agent desiring to make sales, enumerating 
 separately and in numerical order the articles intended for sale, must be filed 
 with the proper customs officer, and actual verification and appraisement of same 
 made and returned by the appraiser. 
 
 3. Such schedule, when duly signed and sworn to by the owner of the goods 
 therein described, or his agent, will be treated as in the nature of a combined 
 invoice and entry, the duties of which will be extended and liquidated thereon, 
 and a record made thereof, in a book to be kept for that purpose, in debit and 
 credit form. (Page 128.) 
 
 4. Each exhibitor, or his agent, holding a permit, will be required to keep an 
 accurate account of sales made by him, subject at all times to the inspection of 
 customs officers ; to make daily returns of goods sold, and to pay the lawful duties 
 thereon daily, or at such times as the collector of customs may designate. Blank 
 forms for such returns will be furnished by the Treasury Department, and the amounts- 
 paid will be duly credited upon the record prescribed by Article III". (Page 
 129.) 
 
 5. Any permit granted to an exhibitor under these regulations will be forfeited 
 and summarily revoked if the holder thereof shall fail to make due payment of 
 duties upon articles sold as required by Article IV., and the collector of the port 
 of Philadelphia may refuse to grant a permit, or may revoke the one in force, ir» 
 any case when he shall deem such action necessary for the security of the revenue. 
 
 Securing duties. 6. Upon the failure of any exhibitor or his agent to make return and pay 
 duties on goods sold as required by Article IV., the collector will take possession 
 of all the stock of such exhibitor in the Exhibition building, and hold the same 
 until the duties are paid, and in default of such payment within ten days, such 
 stock, or so much thereof as may be sufficient for the purpose of securing such 
 duties, will be sent to the public store, and the case reported to the Secretary of 
 the Treasury for further instructions. 
 
 7. Any exhibitor who so desires may make entry for consumption of all his 
 goods in accordance with the provisions of Article II. of the Treasury regu- 
 lations of June 1st, 1876. 
 
 Permit to sell. 
 
 Schedule of 
 goods. 
 
 Accepted as an 
 invoice and 
 entry. 
 
 Daily return of 
 goods sold. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 121 
 
 8. The attention of exhibitors is especially called to the provisions of Section Bureau of 
 III. of the joint resolution aforesaid, and to Section 3082 of the Revised Statutes 
 
 therein mentioned, which reads as follows : — 
 
 " Sec. 3082. If any person shall fraudulently or knowingly import or bring Fraudulent 
 into the United States, or assist in so doing, any merchandise, contrary to law, or importation. 
 shall receive, conceal, buy, sell, or in any manner facilitate the transportation, 
 concealment, or sale of such merchandise after importation, knowing the same to 
 have been imported contrary to law, such merchandise shall be forfeited, and the 
 offender shall be fined any sum not exceeding five thousand dollars nor less than 
 fifty dollars, or be imprisoned for any time not exceeding two years, or both. 
 Whenever, on trial for a violation of this section, the defendant is shown to have 
 or have had possession of such goods, such possession shall be deemed evidence 
 sufficient to authorize conviction, unless the defendant shall explain the possession 
 to the satisfaction of the jury." 
 
 Officers of the customs are also enjoined to see that the conditions of these 
 regulations are carefully observed, and, in case of any violation thereof, they 
 will take such steps as may be necessary, forthwith, to carry the provisions of 
 said section into effect. 
 
 9. The special regulations relative to the disposition of foreign goods at the 
 International Exhibition, dated June 1st, 1876, so far only as they conflict here- 
 with, are hereby annulled. 
 
 LOT M. MORRILL, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 (XXX.) 
 
 Circular. — Exportation of Canadian Goods from the 
 International Exhibition at Philadelphia. 
 
 i8 76. Treasury Department, 
 
 Department No. 133. _„ , 
 
 Secretary's Office. WASHINGTON, D. C, October 24th, 1876. Treasury 
 
 regulations. 
 
 TO COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS AND OTHERS. Canadiangoods. 
 
 I. Exportation of goods from the International Exhibition at Philadelphia can Ports for 
 be made via the northern frontier only from the ports of Rouse's Point, Suspen- expor 10n - 
 sion Bridge, and Buffalo, over routes specially bonded for the purpose. 
 
 At the close of the Exhibition, all goods destined to Canada must be repacked Repacking, 
 under the supervision of customs officers, who will carefully check off all articles 
 so packed from the schedule previously filed by the exhibitor of all his exhibits, 
 giving a specific description of each article and the value thereof, as prescribed by 
 the regulations of June 1st, 1876. 
 
 The package, when closed, will be immediately corded and sealed by the officer. 
 
 A special entry for transportation and export, in form to be prescribed by the Transportation 
 ■department, will be made by the exhibitor or his agent, or by the commissioner entry XP ° r 
 representing the country from which the goods were imported, in which entry the 
 packages to be exported will be described by marks, numbers, contents, and 
 values, and a permit for exportation will be issued by the collector, and counter- 
 signed by the naval officer. 
 

 
 
 
 122 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Manifests. 
 
 Inspection of 
 cars and 
 forwarding to 
 destination. 
 
 Regulations for 
 other ports. 
 
 Entry for 
 consumption. 
 
 The packages will then be laden upon the cars for transportation to the frontier 
 port of exportation under the supervision of the customs officers, who will see 
 that each car is securely fastened with customs locks or seals. Triplicate manifests 
 for each car so laden, describing the packages by marks and numbers, will be 
 prepared and signed by the proper agent of the railroad company, one of which 
 the collector will cause to be forwarded by the first mail to the collector or other 
 customs officer at the port or place of destination of the car, — one will be sent 
 with the car, and the third will be returned to the custom-house by the shipping 
 officer with his report of lading. 
 
 II. On arrival at the frontier port, the manifest accompanying the car will be 
 forthwith delivered to the collector or other chief revenue officer of such port, to 
 be retained by him, and the proper inspecting officer will carefully inspect the 
 cording, sealing, and branding of the packages, and compare them with the 
 manifests. 
 
 Should the goods be found not to agree with the manifest, or should there be 
 any reason to believe that any of the packages have been tampered with, changed,, 
 or abstracted, the collector will take immediate possession of the goods remaining, 
 and send a statement of the case to the Secretary of the Treasury, at the same 
 time notifying the collector of the port from which said goods were forwarded, 
 and taking proper measures for their recovery. 
 
 If the packages be found to agree in all respects with the manifests, and if 
 the cords, seals, and brands are intact, the collector will reseal the cars. 
 
 When the triplicate manifest shall have been received, it will be compared 
 with the manifest or manifests accompanying the car, and, if they shall agree, the 
 collector will then permit the packages to be forwarded to their final destination, 
 and will transmit by mail to the collector of customs at Philadelphia a certificate, 
 according to form 183 of the general regulations of the department, showing 
 that the goods have been duly exported. 
 
 III. This certificate will be compared with the proper entry by the collector 
 of customs at Philadelphia, and filed for reference. 
 
 IV. Exportation to Canada of exhibits via frontier ports not enumerated 
 above, or of merchandise brought from any other country than Canada, must be 
 made under the regulations of the department governing the exportation of 
 dutiable merchandise in transit. 
 
 V. Canadian goods not exported may be repacked in the presence of a 
 customs officer, and carefully checked off from the schedule above alluded to,, 
 and entered for consumption or warehouse, at the owner's option. 
 
 Collectors on the frontier, and all concerned, are enjoined to exercise grea 
 care that the proceedings herein prescribed shall be taken in such a manner as to 
 prevent, so far as practicable, any action on the part of the shippers whereby the 
 latter or other persons may become liable to any of the penalties denounced by 
 acts of Congress for violation of the revenue laws. 
 
 LOT M. MORRILL, 
 
 Secretary* 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 1 23 
 
 (XXXI.) Bureau of 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 Treasury Department, 
 Washington, D. C, October 26th, 1876. 
 
 COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
 Sir : — For your guidance the department adds the following special directions Special 
 to the printed instructions of a general nature contained in the circular issued directions from 
 
 r ° I reasury 
 
 June 1st, July 2ist, and October 24th, 1876, governing the exportation of Department, 
 exhibits : — 
 
 1 . No bond will be required from exhibitors on the exportation of their goods Bonds, 
 at the close of the Exhibition, provided they shall be transported in accordance 
 
 with existing regulations to the port whence finally exported, over a route 
 specially bonded for such transportation. 
 
 2. The free entry of dutiable exhibits intended as gifts is governed by the Free entry of 
 general provisions of the acts of Congress in force prior to the Exhibition, no g 
 
 special provision relating to the matter having been made. The right to such 
 free entry depends upon the nature of the gift, and to whom it is to be given. 
 
 3. Articles for the use of the United States will be taken charge of by the Articles for 
 collector, as provided for in article 369 of the general regulations, and appli- Government 3 
 cation for free entry should be made by the proper department of the Government, 
 
 the collector notifying this department of the facts in the case. In other cases 
 a list of the articles to be presented should be forwarded to the Secretary of the 
 Treasury, through the collector of customs, mentioning the donee and the 
 quantity of each article, and describing the gift sufficiently to show its character, 
 and enable the department to decide whether free entry may be legally permitted. 
 
 4. Articles belonging to foreign governments, entered for exhibition only, Goods of foreign 
 and having no commercial value, may be entered for exportation without a g° vernments - 
 statement of the facts ordinarily required in regard to values. 
 
 5. Entries of articles belonging to private exhibitors must show the dutiable 
 value, as indicated in the blanks furnished by the department. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 L. M. MORRILL, 
 
 Secretary, 
 
 (XXXII.) 
 
 Instructions for the Withdrawal of Foreign Goods 
 from the Centennial Exhibition. 
 
 Instructions by 
 
 Custom House, Collector of 
 
 Philadelphia, November 3d, 1876. Philadelphia. 
 The act of Congress, July 20th, 1876, and the regulations of the department The sale of goods 
 with reference thereto, permits the sale and delivery of dutiable articles (daily discontinued, 
 returns of such sales being made) only " during the Exhibition" consequently 
 
124 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Final report of 
 sales. 
 
 Different ways 
 of withdrawing 
 goods and 
 procedure under 
 each. 
 
 Canadian "goods, 
 
 such permission will cease with the close of the Exhibition at six o'clock on the 
 evening of November 10th. 
 
 All exhibitors of foreign goods who have availed themselves of this act and 
 have received " the special permit " to make such sales, will make return on the 
 nth of goods sold and delivered on the previous day, as heretofore, and also, 
 on a separate blank, of all goods sold by them during the Exhibition, for delivery 
 at its close, which will be delivered as soon as the duties have been paid thereon. 
 
 All foreign goods not sold and delivered, as above stated, may be withdrawn 
 on and after November nth, as follows : — 
 
 First. — By making consumption entry and payment of duties thereon. 
 
 Second. — By making warehouse entry, and giving the usual bond. 
 
 Third. — By making special entry for transportation in bond, or transportation 
 and export. 
 
 Each and every of these respective entries may be made on a certified extract 
 of the original invoice, if said invoice be in detail. If this cannot be procured, 
 a bulk or consolidated invoice, giving the total valuation of the exhibit, will be 
 accepted, if accompanied by a schedule enumerating the several articles, with 
 their respective values, comprising the above-described consolidated invoice. 
 
 Goods entered for consumption will be delivered by a customs officer at the 
 Centennial Buildings immediately on payment of duties. 
 
 Goods entered for warehouse, for transportation in bond, or for exportation, 
 must be repacked under the supervision of a customs officer, who will carefully 
 check off from the invoice or schedule referred to all articles so packed, and 
 will cord and seal the package when closed. 
 
 When goods are entered for warehouse, the usual warehouse bond with suffi- 
 cient sureties will be required, and said goods will be forwarded by bonded cars 
 or drays to the designated warehouse. 
 
 When goods are entered for export, no bond will be required of the parties, 
 providing the exhibits are forwarded from the Exhibition grounds by the Phila- 
 delphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company to the port of Baltimore, 
 or by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company to the ports of Philadelphia or New 
 York, and from these ports by regular steamship lines plying from said ports 
 direct to any foreign port. 
 
 Goods entered for export to Canada may be forwarded by the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad Company to the ports of Buffalo, Suspension Bridge, and Rouse's Point; 
 but exhibitors exporting by any other routes, through any other ports than those 
 above named, will be required to give the usual exportation bond with sufficient 
 sureties, unless otherwise specially ordered by the Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 The above entries may be made by the exhibitor or his agent, or by the 
 commissioner representing the country from which the goods were imported. 
 
 The special entry for transportation in bond, and for transportation and export, 
 and the entry for warehouse, must describe the packages by marks, numbers, 
 contents, values, &c, and on permit being granted by the collector said packages 
 will be laden upon the cars of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the 
 Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company, under the super- 
 vision of a customs officer, who will see that each car is securely fastened with 
 customs locks and seals, the above-named railroad companies having given 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. I 25 
 
 special bond conditioned for the safe delivery of exhibits at the ports heretofore Bureau of 
 
 , Transportation, 
 
 named. 
 
 No entry for withdrawal will be accepted, nor goods delivered, unless an Warehouse entry 
 entry has first been made at the port of Philadelphia for the admission of the indispensable, 
 goods to the Exhibition, as provided for in department regulations of November 
 1st, 1875. If, therefore, any exhibitor has omitted to make such entry he should 
 make it at once, as that is a necessary preliminary to making a withdrawal entry 
 of any kind. 
 
 Exhibits belonging to foreign governments, entered for exhibition only, and Goods of foreign 
 having little or no commercial value, may be entered for exportation without a 
 statement of the facts ordinarily required in regard to values, and the invoice or 
 schedule may be of a more general character ; but entries of articles belonging 
 to private exhibitors must show the dutiable value, as indicated in the blank 
 furnished by the department. 
 
 Application for free entry of dutiable exhibits intended as gifts to the U. S. Gifts. 
 Government, or to public, educational, or charitable institutions, must be for- 
 warded to the Secretary of the Treasury, through the collector of customs, 
 mentioning the donee, and giving a list of the articles, and the quantity of each, 
 with a sufficient description to show the character of the gift and enable the 
 department to decide whether or not free entry may legally be permitted, and 
 except when presented to the United States, should be accompanied with a state- 
 ment under oath of some officer of the institution to which presented, stating its 
 object, whether or not regularly incorporated, &c. 
 
 The law does not authorize any allowance for damage to exhibits, if such Damaged goods, 
 damage was occasioned merely by exposure or lapse of time while they were on 
 exhibition. 
 
 Goods on which duties were paid on regular centennial entry and which Drawbacks, 
 remain unsold at the close of the Exhibition may be withdrawn for exportation 
 with benefit of drawback in the usual manner. 
 
 The necessary blanks for entries, permits, manifests, &c. will be furnished by 
 this office. 
 
 A. P. TUTTON, 
 
 Collector. 
 
 (XXXIII.) 
 
 Custom House, Collector's Office, 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., December 13th, 1876. 
 
 The International Exhibition having been formally and legally closed on the Notice by the 
 tenth day of November, the regulations of the Commission requiring that exhib- Philadelphia, 
 itors shall complete the removal of their goods, wares, and merchandise before 
 December 31st, 1876, notice is hereby given to all exhibitors and others having 
 foreign merchandise in the care and custody of the customs officers, that such 
 effects must be duly entered for consumption, export, or warehouse, and removed, 
 by the thirty-first day of December, inst., or such articles will be treated as Goods treated as 
 unclaimed, and placed in the United States public warehouse. 
 
 A. P. TUTTON, 
 
 Collector. 
 

 126 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 (XXXIV.) 
 
 [This form is furnished as a guide to shippers, but any invoice conforming thereto in substance 
 
 will be accepted.] 
 
 Form of invoice. FORM OF INVOICE OF ARTICLES INTENDED FOR THE INTER- 
 NATIONAL Exhibition of 1876. 
 
 (Extract from Treasury Regulations of November 1st, 1S75.) 
 
 Regulation. 4 Invoices showing the marks, numbers, character, quantity, and foreign market value of 
 
 articles intended for such Exhibition shall be authenticated by the hand and official seal of the 
 commissioner for the International Exhibition appointed by the government of the country from 
 which such articles are imported, and shall be made in triplicate and forwarded, — one copy to the 
 collector of customs for the port at which it is intended such articles shall enter the United 
 States, one copy to the collector of customs for the port of Philadelphia, and one copy to the 
 consignee or agent of the shipper. In case it shall be impracticable to obtain the authentication 
 of a commissioner under official seal, verification by a consular officer of the United States may 
 be accepted instead. 
 
 ^UTOice of articles intended to be shipped from 
 
 per steamer , to 
 
 in the United States, by 
 
 and consigned to. . 
 
 for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES. 
 
 [On the back of the above was printed the following : — ] 
 
 OATH OF OWNER, MANUFACTURER, OR DULY AUTHORIZED AGENT OF 
 SUCH OWNER OR MANUFACTURER. 
 
 I, • 
 
 -, of- 
 
 -, do solemnly and truly declare that I am the *- 
 
 of the goods, wares, and merchandise in the annexed invoice mentioned and described ; that the 
 said invoice is in all respects true ; that it contains a true and full statement of the actual market 
 value of said goods, wares, and merchandise at the time and place when and where the same 
 were purchased, procured, or manufactured ; of the actual quantity of said goods, wares, and 
 merchandise, and of all charges thereon ; that no discounts, bounties, or drawbacks are con- 
 tained in said invoice, except such as have been actually allowed thereon ; and that no invoice 
 different from the one now produced has been or will be furnished to any one. I further declare 
 that it is intended to make entry of the said goods, wares, and merchandise at the port of 
 Philadelphia, in the United States of America, for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 
 1876. 
 
 (Signed in Triplicate.) . 
 
 Personally appeared before me the above-named , and took and subscribed 
 
 the foregoing oath. And I do certify that I am satisfied that the articles described in the annexed 
 invoice are intended in good faith to be exhibited at the International Exhibition of 1876, at 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and official seal, this day of , 187 — 
 
 ■f- Commissioner for the International Exhibition of 187b, at Philadelphia. 
 
 •Insert "owner." "manufacturer," or "duly authorized agent of the owner," (or manufacturer,) as the 
 case may be. 
 
 tlf such commissioner is not authorized to administer oaths, the invoice must be verified by a U. S. con- 
 sul or consular agent, and the authentication of the commissioner, under ofiicial seal, as to the good faith of 
 the exhibitor may be added. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 1 27 
 
 (XXXV.) 
 
 17/7S / Act ofJunei8th, 1874. -V T 8,f; 
 
 J V/ W - \ Regulations of November ist, 1875 .) 10/V. 
 
 United States of America. — Centennial Exhibition 
 
 Entry No Custom House, Port of Philadelphia, , 187 . 
 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation . 
 
 SPECIAL ENTRY FOR WAREHOUSE OF ARTICLES INTENDED Form of special 
 
 FOR THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876, 
 
 Imported on the day of. , 187 , by 
 
 in the , , .Master, from 
 
 transported from to Philadelphia. 
 
 warehouse entry. 
 
 ., and 
 
 Marks. 
 
 Numbers. 
 
 Packages and Contents. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dutiable Value of 
 each Package. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (On the back of this blank was the following form of oath :— ) 
 
 District and Port of Philadelphia. 
 
 CONSIGNEE'S, IMPORTER'S, OR AGENT'S OATH. • 
 
 I, , do solemnly, sincerely, and truly swear that the invoice and bill of lading 
 
 now presented by me to the collector of Philadelphia are the true and only invoice and bill of lading- by me 
 received, of all the articles, goods, wares, and merchandise intended for the International Exhibition of 1876, at 
 
 Philadelphia, imported in the , whereof is Master, from , 
 
 for account of any person whomsoever for whom I arn authorized to enter the same ; that the said invoice and 
 bill of lading are in the state in which they were actually received by me, and that I do not know or believe in 
 the existence of any other invoice or bill of lading of the said articles, goods, wares, and merchandise ; that the 
 entry now delivered to the collector contains a just and true account of the said articles, goods, wares, and 
 merchandise according to said invoice and bill of lading; that nothing has been, on my part, nor to my 
 knowledge on the part of any other person, concealed or suppressed, whereby the United States may be 
 defrauded of any part of the duty lawfully due or which may become due on the said articles, goods, wares, and 
 merchandise; that the said invoice and the declaration thereon are in all respects true and were made by the 
 person by whom the same purport to have been made ; and that if at any time hereafter I discover any error in 
 the said invoice or in the account now tendered of the said articles, goods, wares, and merchandise, or receive 
 any other invoice of the same, I will immediately make the same known to the collector of this district. And I 
 
 do further solemnly, sincerely, and truly swear that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, 
 
 is the owner of the articles, goods, wares, and merchandise mentioned in the annexed entry; that the invoice 
 
 now produced by me exhibits the actual cost or fair market value at of the said 
 
 articles, goods, wares, and merchandise, all charges thereon, and no other or different discount, bounty, or 
 drawback, but such as has been actually allowed on the same. 
 
 Sworn to this day 
 
 of 7 , 
 
 before me, 
 
 Deputy Collector* 
 
 OWNER'S OATH. 
 
 l f , do solemnly, sincerely, and truly swear that the entry now delivered by 
 
 me to the collector of Philadelphia contains a just and true account of all the articles, goods, wares, and 
 merchandise intended for the International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia, imported by or consigned to 
 
 me, in the , whereof is Master, from ; that the 
 
 invoice which I now produce contains a just and faithful account of the actual cost of the said articles, goods, 
 wares, and merchandise, of all charges thereon, including charges of purchasing, carriages, bleaching, dyeing, 
 dressing, finishing, putting up and packing, and no other discount, drawback, or bounty, but such as has been 
 actually allowed on the same ; that I do not know nor believe in the existence of any invoice or bill of lading 
 other than those now produced by me ; that they are in the state in which I actually received them; and that 
 the said invoice and the declaration thereon are in all respects true and were made by the person by whom the 
 same purport to have been made. And I do further solemnly, sincerely, and truly swear that I have not, in the 
 said entry or invoice, concealed or suppressed anything whereby the United States may be defrauded of any 
 part of the duty lawfully due or which may become due on the said articles, goods, wares, and merchandise; 
 and that if at any time hereafter I discover any error in the said invoice, or in the account now produced of the 
 said articles, goods, wares, and merchandise, or receive any other invoice thereof, I will immediately make the 
 same known to the collector of this district. 
 
 Sworn to this day 
 
 of , 187 , 
 
 before me. 
 
 Deputy Collector* 
 

 
 Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 128 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 (XXXVI.) 
 
 ,*.**£. ( Act of June 18th, 1874. \ TR*7f^ 
 
 1//U. ^.Regulations November ist, 1875 J IO/U. 
 
 United States of America. — Centennial Exhibition. 
 
 special permit to send articles, imported for the in- 
 TERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876, TO THE CENTENNIAL 
 BUILDINGS. 
 
 Entry No. __ Custom House, Philadelphia. 
 
 Collector's Office, . 187 
 
 You are directed to send to the Exhibition Buildings the fol- 
 lowing articles intended for the International Exhibition, and duly entered by 
 
 Special form of To the Inspector 
 permit. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Imported on the day of, _.. 187 , in the. 
 
 , Master, from 
 
 Collector. 
 
 Naval Officer. 
 
 Affidavit to list 
 of goods. 
 
 (XXXVII.) 
 
 Form of Affidavit made to Lists of Goods for sale 
 under Regulation, July 21st, 1876. 
 
 AGENT'S OATH. 
 
 I, agent of 
 
 do solemnly, sincerely, and truly declare and swear that the foregoing schedule 
 contains a complete list of the goods of the above exhibitor ; that the quantities 
 and values therein given are true, to the best of my knowledge, information, 
 and belief. I further swear that I will faithfully comply with the department's 
 regulations as set forth in circular of July 21st, 1876. 
 
 Sworn and subscribed before me 
 
 1 
 
 this day 
 
 of 1876. 
 
 Acting Deputy Collector. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 1 29 
 
 (XXXVIII.) Bureau of 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 f- f United States of America. — Centennial \ ~ fi 
 \ Exhibition. J 
 
 DAILY RETURN and entry of dutiable articles sold by Form of return 
 
 , exhibitor, Section, of daily sales. 
 
 on the day of , 1876, the same having 
 
 been heretofore returned to the custom house and enumerated in Schedule 
 No by said exhibitor. 
 
 No. of Article 
 per Schedule. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES. 
 
 I Certify, On oath, that the foregoing is a true account of all articles sold 
 by me on the _ day of , 1876. 
 
 Sworn to before me this day of , 1876. 
 
 Deputy Collector. 
 
 776. J 
 
 (XXXIX.) 
 
 United States of America. — Centennial , 
 Exhibition. 
 
 Special Permit to Sell and Deliver Foreign Goods in 
 Exhibition Buildings. 
 
 Custom House, 
 Philadelphia, 1876. special permit to 
 
 sell goods. 
 ___,an exhibitor in the section, having 
 
 fully complied with all the requirements of the treasury regulations of July 21st, 
 1876, governing the sale of foreign goods at the International Exhibition, 
 permission is hereby granted him to make sales, with immediate delivery, of 
 articles exhibited by him, consisting of • 
 
 which are particularly described and enumerated in the schedule filed by said 
 exhibitor, numbered 
 
 Such sales may be made from day to day so long as said exhibitor shall make 
 daily returns of sales to the proper customs officer, and, in accordance with said 
 regulations, pay duties upon all articles sold. 
 
 Witness my hand and official seal this day of 1876. 
 
 [seal] Collector. 
 
 (This permit must be kept in a conspicuous place in or upon the exhibitor's case.) 
 
Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 Form of special 
 manifest. 
 
 I30 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 (XL.) 
 
 mfs ( Act of June 18th, 1874. \ xR^f, 
 
 L // KJ - V Regulations of November ist, 1875. ) 10 / u 
 
 United States of America. — Centennial Exhibition. 
 
 SPECIAL MANIFEST OF ARTICLES FOR THE CENTENNIAL 
 EXHIBITION. 
 
 Laden in car No of the R. R. at 
 
 for immediate transportation to the Centennial buildings, at the port of Philadel- 
 phia, State of Pennsylvania, by way of. to be delivered to the 
 
 Collector or other proper officer of the Customs on arrival at the place of desti- 
 nation, viz.: — 
 
 Marks. 
 
 Nos. 
 
 Packages. 
 
 Contents. 
 
 Shipper. 
 
 Consignee. 
 
 Photograph 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of Seals. 
 
 
 
 (To be signed by conductor or agent of Transportation Company.) 
 
 Agent. 
 
 (On the back of this blank was the following certificate :— ) 
 
 Port of 187 
 
 I certify that the within manifest is correct ; that the articles therein described 
 
 have been laden under my supervision on board car No of the 
 
 Company. 
 
 Inspector of Customs. 
 
 CONDUCTOR OR AGENT'S REPORT OF ARRIVAL. 
 
 Port of 187 
 
 The within-described articles have arrived at this port, and are now on board 
 car No at the Centennial Grounds. 
 
 Agent. 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. I3I 
 
 (XLI.) Bureau of 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 Bond of Importer upon withdrawal for repairs of dam- 
 aged ARTICLES ENTERED FOR THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 Know all Men by these Presents, That we, Bond for tempo- 
 rary withdrawal 
 
 of goods. 
 
 , as principals, 
 
 and ^_ '- 
 
 as sureties, are held and firmly bound unto the United States of America 
 
 in the sum of dollars, 
 
 to be paid to the United States, for the payment whereof we bind ourselves, our 
 heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, jointly and severally, firmly by these 
 
 presents. Witness our hands and seals, at the port of_ , 
 
 this day of , eighteen hundred and 
 
 seventy-six. 
 
 Whereas, Certain goods, wares, and merchandise, consisting of 
 
 were originally imported at the port of , in the, . 
 
 whereof is master, from 
 
 on the day of eighteen hundred 
 
 and seventy-six ; 
 
 And Whereas, The above-bounden principals have entered the same at the 
 port of Philadelphia for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 1876, under 
 the provisions of the act of Congress, approved June 18th, 1874, entitled "An 
 act to admit free of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition of 
 eighteen hundred and seventy-six," and the regulations of the Treasury Depart- 
 ment made in pursuance thereof, as per special warehouse entry No. , in 
 
 which said goods, wares, and merchandise are also described and set forth; and 
 it appearing that said articles have been damaged by breakage, and permission 
 having been granted to said principal to withdraw the same from the exhibition 
 buildings for the purpose of having the necessary repairs thereon made. 
 
 Now, therefore, the condition of the above obligation is such, 
 That if said goods, wares, and merchandise shall, in accordance with the regula- 
 tions of the Treasury Department, be duly returned to the exhibition buildings 
 
 within days, and duly deposited in the place assigned for their 
 
 exhibition, then this obligation to be void; otherwise, to remain in full force. 
 
 Signed and sealed in presence of 
 
 .. [seal] 
 
 . [seal] 
 .. [seal] 
 
Bureau of 
 Transportation. 
 
 132 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 (XLII.) 
 
 Special Bond. — International Exhibition. 
 
 Special bond 
 securing duties. 
 
 Know all Men by these Presents, That we,. 
 
 as principals, and. 
 
 as sureties, are held and firmly bound unto the United States of America in the 
 sum of dollars, to be paid to the United States; for the pay- 
 ment whereof we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators, and 
 assigns, jointly and severally, firmly by these presents. Witness our hands and 
 
 seals, at the port of , this day of , 
 
 eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 
 
 Whereas, Certain goods, wares, and merchandise, consisting of 
 
 were originally imported at the port of. . , in the 
 
 whereof is master, from on the.. 
 
 day of eighteen hundred and seventy-six; 
 
 And whereas, The above bounden principals have this day entered the same 
 at the port of Philadelphia for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 1876, 
 under the provisions of the act of Congress, approved June 1 8th, 1874, entitled 
 "An act to admit free of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition 
 of eighteen hundred and seventy-six," and the regulations of the Treasury 
 Department made in pursuance thereof, as per special warehouse entry number 
 
 , in which said goods, wares, and merchandise are also described 
 
 and set forth. 
 
 Now, therefore, the condition of the above obligation is such, 
 That if said goods, wares, and merchandise shall, in accordance with the regu- 
 lations of the Treasury Department, be and remain in the place duly assigned 
 for their exhibition during the continuance of said Exhibition and at the close 
 thereof shall be regularly entered either for consumption, warehouse, or export, 
 then this obligation shall be void ; otherwise, to remain in full force. 
 
 Signed and sealed in presence of 
 
 .[seal] 
 . [seal] 
 
 [seal] 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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