qV- ^ • « o .1 t*- o V .0 ■a? ^> . , ^ %;;- 'j> g> <■'*»* c .0' '^ ' . . 5 ' < -^^ ■'" ./ ,... % ■'"- .^^ ,.. ^^ '" ./ .-., ,<.i> . V . , ^ <« qV « o , -^o A*- .- " . % ::> ?>''-^^. '". v" "'•''' % A^r -- '^ L' 0^ ■0^ ^*^^<. >f; -^ '5'. ""-i- "^ .^° . , -. A- Q'^ . 0^ , . • ' • > ' K^S =^ v x^-n O A <>. o V ^^ A <■ .-y o. 6^ -^^ C' V ... V. ^^'■^<^. AO, 0- -^^ V* ;^ A ' ^ ^^ V ^> .\V V 0^ c \ •i C). lV ^V < * • A o h .^^^\ -(^^ o o V ,0 r .... ^ >.^'ni., - ..i- -^^v. ^^:~. ^' G 0' .-f> -:?> A'. ^. G 0' ^ .^ ^ -^^ o ^ o,^ aO ^^ vn^' A^ <^ rv A • » * ■ ' > *-^ •^ ^ o V ^b V" ^P-^^ .^' \/ -^o. .0 ^ .*<\. V . , .,r .. . '-^^ A^ . .. ■ - . «^ A b V' n5 (agTT'if§;©yL,^(§= DESCRIPTION OF THE PAINTINa 6 2-7 or THE 3 ? Repulse of Longstreet's Assault PAINTED BY JAMES WALKER. HISTORICAL ARRANGEMENT AND DESCRIPTION By JOHN B. BACHELDER, AUTHOR OK THE " ISOMETRICAL DRAWING OF THE GETTYSBURG BATTLE-FIELD," POSITIONS OF TROOPS ON ENGINEER-MAPS, GOVERNMENT HISTORIAN OK THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, ETC., ETC. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY JOHN B. BACHELDER, 1884. C^-' Entered accord int; to Act of Congress, in the year 1870, by JOHN H. ISAOIIKLDER, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. CO.TSTTEl^TS. DFSCRipnoN OP THE Painting (texeual Armistead . Majok-Gexeral Meade G-EXERAL Hancock (wounded) Gexeral Gibbox [wounded) . Webb's Brigade Hall's Brigade Harrow's Brigade . Artillery .... Stanxard's Brigade ... Hays' Div^isiox — Smyth's, Siierrill's, and Carroll's Brigades RoBixsox's Division — Coulteh's and BA^Ei|f^ Brigades Gexeral Howard . . . '^' Steinweiir's Division— Smith's Brigade ScML'Rz's Division Eleventh Gorps Artillery Foreground Formation General Birxey Gexeral Waru Beruan's Brigade Gexeral Newton Doubleday's Divisiox — Rowley's and Dana's Brigades Brigades of De Trobriaxd. Madill, Eustis, and Siialer Humphrey's Division — Garr's, Brewster's and Burling's Brigades Cvldwell's Division — McKekxe's, Kelley's, Frazer's, and Brooke's Brl McGilvery's Brigade of Reserve Artillery Wright's Division — Torberts Brigade .... Barxes's Division — Sweitzer's and Rice's Brigades Crawford's Division — McCandless's Brigade Whkaton's Division — Bartlett's (Upton's), and Nevins's Brigades Ayres' Division — Day's, Burbank's, Garrard's (Weed's) Brigades Tilton's Brigade Fishkr's Brigade General Howe Grant's Brigade Russell's Brigade Kilpatrick's Division (Cavalry)— Fa rnswobth's and Merritt's Brigades Custer's Brigade .... Third Day of the Battle Formation of Confederate Link op Battle Position of Confederate Artillery The Cannonade .... The Assault and Repulse, Compiler's Statement isometrical drawing Letters (Testimonial) Origin and History of the Paiktinq Engraving ..... History of the Battle PiucLS OF ditto .... Summary op Gettysburg Publications ;ades PREFACE. The following pages have been abstracted from the De- scEiPTivE Key of the Painting of the Battle of Getty si )Ui'g, for the convenience of such persons as merely wish a descrip- tion of the painting itself, with the formation of the troops engaged, and a briet account of their movements during the "Attack and Repulse of Longstreet's Assault." With a fair amount of study, aided l)y the Outline Key in the front of the work, the proximate position of every regi- ment or battery located on the part of the field represented can be determined. The Desci:iptive Key, of which this description of the painting forms a part, embraces, in addition, an account of the local featui'es of the field, and gives a brief narrative of the battle from its commencement. It also has an Appendix, containing letters from officers and extracts from Union and Confederate reports (never before published), showing the authority for every feature of the painting. The whole is followed by a very complete and carefully compiled alphabet- ical Index of every Cor2:)s, Division, Brigade, Kegiment, Bat- tery, and Officer mentioned in the work ; indicating not only the page, but, aided by the Outline Key. the position on the ])ainting. This will be invaluable to such as possess the engraving ; and will be highly appreciated by the student of history. It is ])ublished in two styles. In ])lain muslin binding, ^^ ithout illustrations, except the Outline Key. Also, a Fine Edition, printed on heavy toned-paper, elaborately l)Ound, gilt, l)eveled })oards, gilt edges, and illustrated with fourteen beautifully engraved steel portraits of general officers. Dfscription of tlje f ainthtg; It is the exciting scene of the repulse which the proprietor has chosen for illustration, and which Mr. Walker has so accu- rately and graphically represented. A word of explanation is here due the artist who has executed this painting. It differs materially from ordinary scenes of this kind. Usually, the painter, having a few leading incidents of a battle in his mind, clothes the picture with the mystery of color and effect, and gives an imaginary, rather than a literal rendition of the sub- ject. But, in the production of this picture, Mr. Walker has endeavored to weave into an harmonious whole, the prominent incidents and episodes of this portion of the battle, and has never resorted to fiction, when truth would do as well. No stretch of the imagination has been indulged in. The material for its composition has been furnished him by me and arranged under my direction, and should any mistakes have been made, they are mine ; not his.'' The artistic rendering of the subject is due to the genius of Mr. Walker ; that the execution is highly artistic, in spite of the fact that effect has been sacrificed in many instances to accuracy, the ablest art critics have acknowledged. It Avas the earnest desire and purpose of the proprietor of this painting to avoid the stereotyped style of battle pictures a. Allow nie to say to the reader that I shall esteem it a favor if any participant in tlio battle will point out to me any error in the position of the troops, or in the accompanying description of their movements; that the former mny he corrected on the KNuRAViNG, and the latter in the text before the publication Y)f my historv of the battle ; as it is ray earnest desire to publish a strictly accurate account of the engagement. g GKTTTSBUKG— DESCRIPTIVli KEY. taught us in our earliest school-books and other illustrated works, and kept up during the war by the illustrated papers, and not unfrequently indulged in even now by some would-be battle-scene painters of the present day. Such pictures and paintings, in which giants in stature struggle in fierce hand-to- liand conflicts, bayoneting, or dashing each other's brains out, maij possibly resemble the conflicts of the middle ages ; certain- ly they do not illustrate the general features of modern battles. Isolated instances of men being bayoneted may have occurred, — there is only one which now occurs to me (that of the death of Colonel Jeffers, of the Fourth Michigan A'olunteers, bayo- neted while defending his colors against the attack of Wof- ford's brigade, on the evening of July 2) on record, in the re- ports of the battle of Gettysburg ; but such rare occurrences do not form an entire battle, and no artist is warranted in thus educating the public into a false idea of modern battles. My purpose has been to present a truthful representation of an American battle, with American soldiers contending, as they did actually contend. It was also my desire that the troops of no one State should receive any undue prominence ; and, in the painting, all are represented with equal fairness. When General Lee called for troops to storm the heights of Gettysburg, the sons of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississip])i, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Texas, responded, and moved shoulder to shoulder to the assault. And, when the na- tion's life was thus assailed, her defenders from every Northern State sprang to the rescue ; and mingled their blood in one com- mon cause. Side by side, New York and Massachusetts charged on the foe; the sons of Maine and Minnesota, Connecticut and Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, New Hampshire and Vermont, Ohio and ^lichigan. Rhode Island and Maryland, Illinois and Wisconsin, Indiana and West- Virginia, together rOREGROUXD OF THE PAINTING. 9 rushed to the threatened point. In a word, the sons of every Union-loving State, and of every European liberty-loving na- tionality, rallied under the banner, and are equally entitled to representation in this great National Painting of the culmina- ting struggle at Gettysburg. The success of the effort I respectfully submit to the vetr erans of the Army of the Potomac. In the selection of a foreground for this painting, I chose the point of station from which to" best represent this scene ; and, also, to give the best portrait of the field in such a clear manner, that the brave men who fought on the several days of the battle might point out the localities of their various en- gagements. The observer is supposed to be elevated in rear of Cemetery Ridge, and looking westward toward the Confeder- ate position. In the immediate foreground of the painting are represented the colors of Webb's ^'^ " and Hall's **^^ brigades, with the color- guard and head-quarters horses. The group at the immediate left is formed of the figures of Brigadier-General Armistead ^^^ and Lieutenant-Colonel Martin,^"*' of the Confederate army, Captain Bingham,^^ judge-advocate, on Major-General Hancock's staff, and the men who have been bearing the wounded general to the rear. General Armistead was among the first to leap the stone wall at the Union line.^ As he did so, he drew his sword, placed his hat upon its point, raised it aloft and cried, " Boys, we must use the cold steel ; who will follow me ?" Lieutenant- Colonel Martin of the 53d Virginia and a few score of men a. 60th, '^ 71st,S9 72(1, «3 and 106th Pennsylvania volunteers. The latter reijiment, except one company, was ordered to report to Major-General Howard, at the Cemetery, on the night of the 2d, where it remained until the close of the battle. b. 7th Miohigan,69 I9th and 20th Massachusetts,"!, 6S 42d and oUth New York volunteers,''^, CT -|Q GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. sprang after him over the wall. They advanced but a few paces wlien they were shot down ; Armistead mortally, and Martin seriously wounded. General Armistead surrendered his sword and pistols to Captain Banes,^^ of General Webb's staff, who directed him to be carried to the rear. He was soon after met l)y Captain Bingham, of General Hancock's staff, just returning from liaving a wound dressed at the hospital. Seeing the prisoner to be an officer of rank, and evidently suffering and nearly exhausted, he proffered his assistance. General Armistead gave his watch and spurs to Captain Bingham, requesting him to send them to his friends through General Hancock." (^See Painting.') To the right of the central group ^^' ^^ is seen the figure of Major-General George G. Meade,^^ the commander-in-chief of the Army of the Potomac, accompanied by his son, and 1st Lieut. R. 8. McKenzie.'' When the assault began he was at Major-General Slocum's head-quarters, on Power's Hill, a half mile to the rear, near Culp's Hill, but reached this position on the field as it was repulsed." Major Mitchell,^^ aid-de-camp to Major-General Hancock, met him,'^ and reported that officer a. I learned the full particulars of this assault from Lieutenant-Colonel R. W. Martin, while he was lying wounded in the hospital at Gettysburg, including the iMov(Mnents of General Aumistead with whom he advanced engaged in conver- sation, from Seminary Kidge. From Captain Banes of General Webb's statF, I gathered the particulars of his surrender. Captain Banes received his sword and pistols (whicli iiad not been fired), and sent him to tiic rear of the line, where he was invt by C';i]itain Henry H. Bingham, judge-advocate, on General Hancock's stall'. From ('a|)tain Bingham, I derived full particulars of his interview with General Akmisiead. After receiving the valuables which General Armistead wished to send to his family and a private message, lie directed him to be taken to a hospital in tlie rear. I subsecpiently met D. G. Brinton, surgeon, in charge of tlie 2d division, 11th corps's hospital, who dressed his wounds. Docfor Brin- ton said he was very mucli depressed in spirits, though neitliei" of his wounds were iiKjrtal ; one being in the leg below the knee, and the other, a tlesh-wound in the arm. Notwitiistanding which he died two days afterward. 1>. General Webb's letter, and also Major-General Meade's letter. c. See Major-General Meade's letter, in the Appendix. d. Major MiTciiKi.i.'s letter, in the A[)pendix. HANCOCK AND GIBBON. ^^ seriously wounded. He aloo bore a report of the state of the engagement from General Hancock. General Hancock was with Caldwell's division,^^ at the extreme left of his line, when the cannonade began. He rode during this terrible firing along his entire front to Woodruff's battery ^^'* on his right. He knew with the instinct of a true soldier what was to follow the bombardment, and he exhorted his officers and men to be in readiness to resist the grand assault. Returning toward the left, while passing the right of the 14th Vermont volunteers,^*^ of Stannard's brigade, he received a serious wound. He is seen^^ in the painting falling from his horse near the left of Stannard's works." He was caught in the arms of Lieutenants Hooker and Benedict, of General Stannard's staiiV ^^^^ General Stannard^^ himself, with admirable dexterity, stanched the blood from the terrible wound in the groin, or otherwise he would have soon bled to death," as the surgeons were of course in the rear, and one could not for some time be found. But General Hancock peremp- torily refused to be taken from the field until the contest was decided. General Gibbon was seriously wounded in the arm about the same time that Hancock fell.'^ He was in front of the 19th Maine volunteers,^^ of Harrow's brigade, when he was shot, attempting to wheel those troops out of the line to deliver a flank fire on Pickett's column. He was taken from the field by Captain Wessells of his staff.^^ * Webb's brigade is represented immediately in advance of General Meade.^'' It had been in position at the stone wall ®* in its front, its left, the 69th Pennsylvania volunteers,"^ rest- a. Hancock's report. Spot locjited on the field by General Hancock. b. Stannard's report. c. Private letters of Lieutenant Benedict of General Stannard's staif. d. Gibbon's report. e. Verbal statement of General Gibbon. * -^2 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. ing opposite the copse of trees M, the line extending to the right along the stone wall to the angle,^^ with tw^o companies of the 71st Pennsylvania volunteers ^^ at a wall, which is re- tired fifty yards from the right of the advanced line. The 72d Pennsylvania volunteers ^^ lay in a second line to the right and rear of the copse M. The guns of Cushing's battery were at first in position^' on the crest between Webb's two lines, where Gushing was severely wounded, but refused to leave the field. When Pickett advanced, he ran three of his pieces down to the wall where they are seen*'" in the painting, and with double shotted guns swept his front with canister, opening great gaps in the ranks of the attacking fines. While directing their fire he was shot in the mouth and instantly killed. Some of his men bore his body to the rear, as sBen in the painting.^*' Pickett's column after it had been turned aside from its at- tack on Stannakd's brigade fell on Webb's brigade. General Webb, seeing the necessity for re-enforcements, had meantime hurried back to the Tl^d Pennsylvania volunteers,^^ in his second line, to bring them into action ; but the Confeder- ates had advanced with the impetuosity of the wdiirlwind. In a moment the center of Webb's front line, held by a portion of the 71st Pennsylvania volunteers,'^^ was swept from its position at the wall,^ which was instantly seized by the assailants, thougli the ])lackeued clothes of many of the dead showed that a portion at least of the regiment had remained until pushed from their position by sheer force of numbers. The importance of the admirable disposition of the two right companies ^^ of the 7 1st Pennsylvania volunteers was now apparent. From their retired position, lying securely protected behind a stone wall within point-blank range, they, with the left of Hays' divi- sion,''''""''^'" opened a deadly cross-fire, effectually preventing an approach upon their works. All attempts of General Webb, assisted by the remaining ollicers of the regiment and by his WEBB'S AND HALL'S BRIGADES. 13 adjutant-general, Captain Banes,'-- Lieutenant Haskell ^^ of Gen- eral Gibbon's stall', and Captain Parker ^'■^ of General Hancock's staff, to bring forward the second line failed. Colonel Baxter, of the 72(1 Pennsylvania, had been badly wounded the previous evening, and the regiment had suffered severely in officers and men during the cannonade ; they opened however a heavy fire of musketry from the crest, which contributed very materially to the repulse of the attack. Failing to secure the advance of the 72(1, General Webb hurried again to the G9th Pennsyl- vania volunteers,"^ which he found still fighting manfully, and holding its own on the left, although numbers of Confederates had already gained the copse of trees in their rear. This regi- ment lost heavily in ofticers and men; Colonel O'Kane and Lieutenant-Colonel Schudy were killed and Major Duffy was wounded. Colonel Hall's brigade is represented massing on General Webb's left ; its gallant leader can be seen directing its move- ments."'' It had been formed on a prolongation of Webb's lines, Avith three regiments in the front line, protected by a slight work of earth and rails, and two in the second line, on the left of Rorty's battery ,^^ which occupied the crest. Brown's battery*^ had been in position between Rorty's and Cushing's.*'^ As General Hancock rode in front of the 19th Massachu- setts, which, with the 4 2d New York volunteers, formed Hall's second line. Colonel Devereux of the former regiment went to a. The above account has been abstracted from General Webb's report, and a private letter in my possession written by him to his wife two days after the bat- tle, the whole arrangement having been made on the canvas, at my request, by General Webb, assisted by several members of his staff"; the painting being finished by his approval after revisiting the field at Gettysburg. b. I have in my possession a diagram drawn by Colonel Hall, showing the position of his regiments, and previous to his death he visited Mr. Walker's studio, and with other ofiicers of his command, superintended their arrangement on the painting. •1^ . GETTYSBURO— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. him and asked permission to move up and engage the troops then advancing on Webb. Receiving permission to do so," these two regiments ''- "'^ hurried to Webb's relief, as seen in the painting, passing in rear of the copse of trees M ; and imme- diately afterward Colonel Hall ordered the 7th Michigan^'* and 20th Massachusetts^^ to "break from their right to the rear" and move rnpidly to the same place, which was done with re- markable promptness, during which Lieutenant-Colonel Steele, commanding the 7tli Michigan, was killed. The 59th New York volunteers" remained at the wx)rks in the front line,^ and Harrow's brigade, with the 2()th New York S. M.,''^^ and the 151st Pennsylvania volunteers ^ followed the course of Hall's regiments, and charged up to the trees, the two latter regiments passing in front of them. During this movement regimental organizations were completely lost ; the colors were pushed indiscriminately to the front follow^ed by the enthusiastic men." The loth and 16th Vermont volunteers, of Stannard's brigade, moved to their right, "changed front forward," and opened fire on Pickett's right flaidv.^'-' '^^• Harrow's brigade, composed of the 82d New York,^^ 19th Maine," 15th Massachusetts,*" aiid 1st Minnesota volunteers,'^'^ occui)ied a i)osition on the left of Hall's front line, with the 20th New York S. M.,''^' and the 151st Pennsylvania volunteers ^ (of the 1st brigade, 3d division, 1st corps. General Rowley) on its left; in the painting all of these troops are seen moving up to Webb's support.*^ The position occupied by Brown's battery n. (loncral Hancock's report. Tliis inovoinent was fully explained on the field at Gettysliiiru;, in tlie suniiner of 18()!), by (reneral Webb, Colonels l)EVEUP:nx and JiAXTEK, Captain Banes, and many other officers of rank engaged in the iinmedlato vicinity. h. Statement of Cohniel Hai.l. — See Colonel Macy's letter, also re])ort of o9tU New York volunteers. c. See reports of General Harrow, and also reports of 15th Massachusetts, 1st Mitmesota volunteers, 20th New York State militia, and 151st Pennsylvania volun- teers. (/. (ienerals Gibbon's and Harrow's reports. FLANK ATTACK ON THE LEFT. 15 B, 1st Rhode Island,*^ has been vacated,'' but Rorty's battery B, 1st New York/^ is represented at the left and rear of Harrow's brigade. Still further to the left is Thomas's battery C, 4th U. S.,^® and McGilvery's brigade of reserve artillery^*^ (1st brigade), composed of Thompson's G and F, Pennsyl- vania (independent), Phillips' 5th Massachusetts, Hart's 15th New York (independent), Sterling's 1st Connecticut, Cooper's B, 1st Pennsylvania, Dow's 6th Maine, and Ames' G, New York, batteries;^ while further yet is the 5th corps artillery, under its chief, Captain Martin, of which Rittenhouse's bat- tery D, 5th U. S.,^' is engaged" on Little Round Top B.'^ Stannard's brigade is represented immediately over and in front of Harrow's brigade, and at right angles to it; the right of its line, the 13th Vermont volunteers,^'^ has ceased firing to allow prisoners to pass to the rear. It had been in position fifty yards in advance of Harrow's left, and lay along a slight earth-work with one regiment^*^ to the left of the clump of trees, where it remained when the others moved. The right of Longstreet's column of attack was aimed toward this brigade, and continued to advance until it reached the flat ground in its front, W'hen receiving a sweeping flank fire from McGil- very's brigade of artillery,^*'* and possibly discovering the formidable front presented by Stannard's brigade, supported by the balance of Doubleday's division^" in its rear, it veered off to the Union right, and advanced upon Webb's brigade/ Immediately Stannard's whole brigade rose from a. Captain Hazard's report. l. General Hunt's and Major McGilvery's reports. c. General Ilcxx'sanil Captain Martin's rej)orts. d. Lieutenant Hazlett, commander of this batterv, was killed the evening before. e. Major McGilvery's report ; report of Scale's brigade ; General Lane's report. f. General Newton's report; General Stannard's report; Colonel Gates' report (20th New York State militia). 2g GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. its works and poured a murderous fire upon Pickett's right flank." Arnold's battery A, 1st Rhode Island/^^ had been in position on the crest at the right of Cushing's battery A, 4th U. S./^ but having been seriously disabled, it is represented "^ retiring from the field, drawn off by the men.* On the right of this battery lay Hays' command, 3d division, 2d corps. The 2d brigade, Smyth's, composed of the 14th Connecticut,'^ 1st Delaware,'"' 12th New Jersey,"^ .^^-^^ ^QSth New York volunteers,''^® was at the stone wall ; and the 10th New York volunteers acting as provost guard ; and to its right was the 3d brigade, Siierrill's,'' composed of the 125th,''^2-'^ lllth,'"^'' 126th,''^^ and 39th New York volun- teers,'**^ with its left overlapping Smyth, and its right extending beyond'^ Bryan's house W. General Hays,'**" stripped to the shirt, is seen bringing up and fighting his troops.* Colonel Smyth '"^ was wounded by an exploding shell, as shown near Bryan's house. Beyond the house in the grove, Colonel Sher- rill'"' is being borne, mortally wounded, from the field.-^ Immediately in front of Hays' division, and at right angles to it, is the 8th Ohio volunteers''* of Carroll's brigade,^ It a. "The 12th and 15th Vermont volunteers of tliis brigade were detached at Emmettsburg by order of Major-General Reynolds to guard the corps train." Lieutenant Bknediot, aid-de-camp to General Stannakd. h. General Hunt's and Captain IIazahu's reports. c. Wiien the battle commenced this brigade was commanded by Colonel "Willahd, r25th New York volunteers, who was killed on tlie evening of the 2d. After tlie death of Colonel Siieruiix it was commanded by Colonel MacDougall, 111th New York volunteers, who was wounded, and the command fell on Lieu- tenant-Colonel Bull, 126th New York volunteers. d. See reports of General Hays, also reports of llltli and 12Gth New York volunteers, e. Statements of Ca[)taiu Wm. C. Savii.le of Colonel Smyth's staff. f. General Hays' re[>ort and verbal statements of subordinate officers. (J. 1st brigade, 8d division, 2d corps, composed of the 4tli and 8th Ohio, 7th Virginia (Union), and lltli Indiana volunteers. Colonel Carkoi.i. was ordered to report to Major-General Howard on tlie evening of the 2d with tliree regiments, where he remained until the close of the battle. FLANK ATTACK ON THE RIGHT. 17 had been on the skirmish line with its reserves on the Em- mettsburg road. When Pettigrew advanced on its left, Colonel Sawyer, instead of foiling back, '• changed front forward on left company," and opened fire.* Woodruff's battery, I, IstU. S.,^'** was engaged in the grove at the right of Bryan's house W. Its commander, after having won the encomiums of his superiors for the gallantry and efficiency with which he served his guns, was, at the moment of victory,'' stricken down^^' in death. On the riirht, General Robinson^^^ is seen movins: his com- maud, 2d division, 1st corps, up to the support of General Hays," Colonel Coulter's brigade "•^'^ having the advance, followed by General Baxters brigade."^ ^ General Howard"^ ordered this movement to be covered by Smith's brigade, "^-^ which opened a brisk fire of musketry. At the same time the skirmish line of General Schurz's^^""" division (3d), 11th corps, nobly engaged the sharp-shooters of IloDEs' division in the edge of the town.'' The artillery on Cemetery Hill Z, under Major Osborne,^^^ chief of artillery of the 11th corps, is seen on the right of the picture, pouring volleys of canister into the flank of the assault- ins: column.''' a. Reports of Colonel Sawyer, 8th Ohio volunteers, and General Lane, North Carolina brigade, See Appendix. J. Captain Hazard's report. See Appendix. c. See General Kewton's report. d. 1st brigade, Coulter's, was composed of the 107th Pennsylvania, 94th and lOith New York, IGth Maine, and 13th Massachusetts volunteers. e. 2d brigade, Baxter's, was composed of tlie 97th and 83d New York, 12th Massachusetts, and 8Sth and 90th Pennsylvania volunteers. Positions and explana- tions given by Generals Robixson and Coulter, on the field at Gettysburg. f. 2d brigade, 2d division, 11th corps,^l5 composed of the 55th and 73d Ohio, 136th New York, and 33d Massachusetts volunteers, of Steinwehr's^^o (2d) divi- sion, 11th corps. The 33d Massachusetts volunteers were detached from the bri- gade, and were in position on the right of the corps. g. Reports of General Schuez and General Rodes. h. Reports of Generals Howard and Steinwehr, and Major Osborne. * 2g GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. Prominent in the right foreground is Wheeler's battery/*^' 13th New York (independent), which is going to the front, tw guns having ah'eady opened." A hirge number of prisoners are seen^'^ coming in imm( diately on Wheeler's right,^ beyond which two guns of Wier' battery,'^^ C, 5th U. S., under Sergeant Trevor, are goin, into ])o.siti()n.*' Colonel Morgan,"® chief of General Hancock's staff, ha brought up Martin's"' (F, 5th U. S.) and Butler's ^'-"^ (G, 2 U. S.) regular batteries from the 6th corps artillery.'^ Colonel ToMPKiNS,^"^ chief of the 6th corps artillery with the lemaining batteries led by McCartney's Massj chusetts,^-^ is on the Taneytown road Y (at the right o the painting), directing the relief of batteries on Cemeter Hill/ Captain Hazard,^*^ chief of the 2d corps artillery, th mounted officer in the center of the left foreground, is direc ing Captain Cowan ®^ where to place the battery ^^ which h has brought up to his assistance. The spirited figure going to the front beyond Lieutenar Gushing,^® is Captain Farrell,'^ Company C, 1st Minnesot volunteers. He commanded the division provost-guard Avhic had been deployed in rear of the line. When the front liii was penetrated he assembled his men (those wearing hats'"'' in rear of Weub's and Hall's brigades), and led them into th breach, lie was killed, and a large proportion of his me were killed or wounded/ To the left of General Webb'*' is seen General Hunt, commanding the artillery of the Army of the Potomac. Hi a. See General Webb's report. 1>. See Generul Meade's letter. c. See General Hunt's report. Statement of General Webb and Captain Hazae: d. See Colonel Mohoan's letter. Statement of Lieutenant Butler. e. Statement of Colonel Tompkins. See Colonel Mougan's letter. /. Colonel Coi.ville's letter. * LEFT FOREGROUND. , 19 horse was killed at that point ; and, after extricating himself, he went into the engagement with his revolvers." In the left foreground of the painting, Cowan's battery ,^^ 13th New York (independent), is represented going into posi- tion, to the left of which is Brown's battery, B, 1st Hhode Island,'*'^^ coming out, having exhausted its ammunition. Immediately over this is the figure of General Gibbon,'*^ passing wounded to the roar, one of his staff-officers is seen conveying the division colors^ to General Harrow.® " At the extreme left, Fitzhugh's battery, K, 1st New York, is going to the frout,'^and over and beyond this, Major-General Birney/ commanding 3d corps, and Brigadier-General Ward,'* commanding his 1st division, are represented. In their rear are three regiments "^ (the 3d Maine, 20th Indiana, and 99th Pennsylvania) of Ward's brigade, sent to the support of General Webb." Colonel Berdan," their brigade commander, is moving up in their front.-^ The infantry represented on this part of the field, was held in reserve, and was not actively engaged in the repulse of the assaulting columns, though it suffered severely from the cannonade. Major-General Newton,^" commanding 1st corps, and Ma- jor-General Doubleday,^'' commanding his 3d division, with their stall-officers, are immediately beyond General Birney.^ a. I visitt'd tlie field witli General IIun-t, aiul at my request, he pointed out the s[)ot where his horse was shot. See Captain Cowan's letter. h. General Hunt's and Captain Hazakd's reports. c. Statement of General Gikbon. d. FiTZHUon's report. e. Major-General Bikney's letter : — "Throe of my ief;imcnts— 3J Maine, 99th Pennsylvania, and 20th Indiana volunteers— were sent to support General Wehh. General J. H. Hobakt Waki> comma'idert my 1st (iivision, and Colonels H. J. Mauii.1., H. BF.r.iiAN, and Hegis ue Tuobriand, coinmaiideil his three brigades. Signed D. B. BiRNEY, Major-General commanding 3d corps." /. 2d brigade, 1st division, 3d corps— 3d and 4th Maine, 20th Indiana, 86th and 124:th New York, and 99th Pennsylvania volunteers, and the 1st and 2d regiments U, S. sharp-shooters. 9() GETTYSBUR(!— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. The brigade commanders of this division are in the vicinity." Brigadier-General Rowley/' of the 1st brigade,^ is repre- sented to their right; and over him, Colonel Dana,^ com- mand the l^d brigade;'" while to the right and front of Rowley is General Harrow and staff,*^ 1st brigade, 2d divi- sion, 2d corps, to whom the colors of the 2d division are being borne.'^ On the next ridge beyond and to the left of Colonel Dana,^ are Colonels De Trobriand and Madill,''^ commanding the od'' and 1st* brigades, 1st division, 3d corps. Moving up in the rear of these troops is Parsons' battery, A, '^'^ 1st New- Jersey, which, with K, 1st New York,^ were brought up by Captain Fitzhugii.-^ Further to the left, and near the extreme left of tlie paint- ing, Brigadier- General Eustis'"^ has just moved up with his command ; 2d brigade,'' od division, Gth corps. Beyond, and to the left of Eustis, is General Shaler^'' with the 1st brigade,^' od division, Gth corps.* To the right of Shaler,'^ and on the same parallel, is Brigadier-General Carr,'^"'' and his stalF, commanding 1st bri- gade,-' 2d division, ?>d corps. Immediately beyond Carr is his superior officer, Major- General Humphreys,"*' commanding 2d division, 3d corps. Of General Humphreys' other brigade commanders. Colonel Brew- a. Fur a detailed account of the formation of tiiis i)art of the line, see General Newton's report. Tlie 1st division, 1st corps, General Wadswokth, was on Gulp's Hill, and is not seen on this painting. 1>. I-2l8t, 142(1, and 151st Pennsylvania volunteers, and the 20th New York S. M.^^^ c. 143d, 14'.ltli, and 150th Pennsylvania volunteers. d. 3d and 5th Michigan. 17th Maine, 40th New York, and 1 10th Pennsylvaniu.l^ e. 57th, 03d, OSth, 105th, and 141st Pennsylvania volunteers.i'^ /. Pahso.ns' and Fitziiugh's reports. g. 2d Rhode Island, 7th, 10th, and 37tli Massachusetts volunteers. ^2 h. 65th, G7th, and 122d New York, 2od and S2d Pennsylvania volunteers.l^ i. See General Sedgwick's report. ' j. 1st, 11th, and IGth Massachusetts, 11th New Jersey, 12th New Hampshire, and 26th Pennsylvania volunteera.^^-^ POSITION OF TKOOrS ON THK LKFT. 21 STER,^' commandinii; 2d brimule," is seen immediately to the right, while Colonel Burling/^ commanding 3d brigade/' is to the left and on the next ridge." Directly to the right of Burling/'' and in front of the grove, is represented Brigadier-General Caldwell,^ commanding 1st division, 2d corps, with his four brigade commanders : Colonels Frazer,^'^ 3d brigade;'^ McKeene,^^ 1st brigade;" Kelly, '^'-'' 2d brigade / and Brooke,^^ 4th brigade/ Major McGilvery, commanding 1st brigade artillery reserve, is with the artil- lery^*^ at Caldwell's right, and in the open field be}'ond are shown, from left to right, Brigadier-General Torbert,'^"* 1st brigade,'' 1st division, 6th corps, and Brigadier-General Wright,^^ 1st division, Gth corps, with their staff officers. Immediately to the right of these groups, and in front of the grove, is Brigadier-General Barnes,^^ commanding 1st division, a. 1st, 2(1, 3(1, 4th, ami 5tli Excelsior, and 120th New York volunteers.2i h. 2(1 New Hampshire, 5th, 6tli, 7th, and 8th New Jersey, and 115th Pennsyl- vania volunteers. 13 r. Extract from General Humphreys' report : — " My division w.is moved rapidly to the risht and formt^d in mass (20) in rear and support of the left of the 2d corps (Caldwell's division). (23) * * * Several batteries being in position in my front." (26) Extract from private letter: — " t have placed the position of eaeh of my brigades in pencil on the map — that is the position they occu- pied on the afternoon of .July 3. My first bri^rade was commanded by Brisadier-General J. B. CARB(19-b) My second by Colonel William R. Bukwster (21). and my third by Colonel Geoucje C. Burlini; (19). "A. A. Humphreys, Mnjor-General United States Volunteers, '■ Commanding second division, third corps." d. 52d, 57th, and (lOth New York, and 140th Pennsylvania volnnteers.22 e. 5th New Hampshire, 61st New York, 81st and 148th Pennsylvania volun- teers.^" /. 28th Massachusetts, oed, 09th, and 88th New York (consolidated), and the 116th Pennsylvania volunteers.'-6-a g. 2d Delaware, 27th Connecticut, 64th New York, 5.3d and 145th Pennsylvania volunteers.2S Tiie positions of Caldwell's four brigades were given me by each of its brigade commanders, corroborated by General Caldwell while visiting tho Army of the Potomac. The three last lay at the works between the guns of McGilyery's artillery; 29 the other (Colonel Frazer's) 22 lay behind an old stone wall in the second line. Tlie whole arrangement was subsequently point-ed out and explained to me on the field by Colonel Brooke.28 h. 1st, 2d, 3d and 15tli New Jersey volunteers.21 22 GETTYSBURG.— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 5th corps ; Colonel Sweitzer,^^ commanding his 2(1 brigade," and Colonel Rice,''^ commanding his 3d brigade.^ A half mile to the right of these, near the wheat-field G. lay McCaiNDLess's brigade,"^' " of Crawford's di^'ision, of Pennsylvania Re- serves, 3d division, 5th corps; while midway between, and in front of Little Round Top B, was Brigadier-General Wheaton's'^''^ head-quarters, 3d division, 6th corps, with Brigadier-Gener;il Bartlett's*^'' and Colonel Nevins'^'^" brigades of his divi- sion. The formation of the ground did not admit of repre- senting on the painting the head-quarters and troops of these commands, or those to the left of this part of the line ; but their locality is indicated on the Kcii. The line from this point was continuous to the summit of Round Top D, passing over Little Round Top B. From there it was refused to the left nearly a mile, crossing the Taneytown road A, and may be indicated on the painting by the line of forest to the left of Round Top. The head-quarters of Major-General Sykes,'^ com- manding 5th corps, and Major-General Sedgwick,^" command- ing the Gth cor}»s, were together''^^ in rear of the i)()sterior slope of Little Round Top B, and beyond the grove, which separated them from General Torbert's head-quarters."^-^ Brigadier- General Ayres,^^ commanding 2d division, 5th corps, held Little Round Top B. Colonel Garrahd,"'" commanding his 3d a. 4tli Micliiffiin, 02(1 Pennsylvania, 9th and 32(1 Massachusetts voluiiteers.'^i Tlie 9th Massachusetts was detached from the brigade and lay on Round Top D- h. l()th Michiiran, 4-ith New York, 8;3d Pennsylvania, and 2()th Maine volun- teers. -"l ('iilonel VjNCENT had been killed the evening previous. c. 1st, 2(1, and Hth regiments of Pennsylvania Reserves, and the 1st Ritles. (The I 1th Regiu'.ent of "Reserves" was temporarily atta(died to this brigade.) Position ])ointed out on the fieM by General McCandi.ks.s, and all of his regi- mental (Commanders. See General Ckawkoud's report. (I. 2d brigade, composed of the 5tii Maine, 121st New York, 9.5th and 9nth Pennsylvania volunteers.^^ e. ?,A brigade, r>2d New York, 9:ld, 9Sth, 102d, and W.>X\\ Pennsylvania volun- tee-rs.^0 f. Pointed out on the field by Major-General Sykes, and his adjutant-general, Brevet Brigadier-Creneral Locke. POSITION OF TROOPS ON THE LEFT. 9^ 4^ 'J brigade'' (Weed's) had the front lino, while the two brigades of regulars, the Ist/' corrnnanded by Colonel Day/'^''' and the 2d,''' by Colonel Bl'kbank,^-"'' lay in the second line/^ In the valley beyond were two regiments* of Colonel Tilton's brigade (1st brigade, 1st diyision, 5th corps), followed by two regiments-'' of Colonel FisiiKii's brigade of Pennsylvania Reserves, 3d brigade, 3d division, oth corps. Beyond these was the Ninth Massa- chusetts volunteers." This regiment had been deployed as skirmishers on the extreme right of the army, on tlie morning of the second, but their brigade changed its position and they became separated from it. Next, connecting on its left, and extending up Round Top proper, were the two remaining regiments'' of Tilton's brigade."'"' And on their left, terminat- ing on the summit of the mountain, were the two remaining regiments of Colonel Fisher's brigade of "R.eserves."^''*^ Two Cth corps brigades under General Wright^*' formed the crotchet retiring from Round Top to the left and rear across the Taney- town road A. Colon 'il Grant commanded the right, 2d bri- gade,^" -^ 2d division, Gth corps, and General Russell,''^ the left, 3d brigade,* 1st division, Gth corps/ These troops were at no time actively engaged. This was the extreme left of the infantry force of the army. Barnes' battery, CV^ 1st New York, a. 91st and l-iOth Pennsylvania, 140th and HOth New York volunteers.^' Genera] Weeu was killed the day before. Colouel Gakkakd's report. h. ;id, 4lh, Cth, 12th, and 14th infantry.32-a c. 2d, 7tli, 10th, nth, and 17th Jnfantry.82-b d. Explained on the field by General Ayees. e. 18th and 22d Massachusetts volunteers. Positions pointed out on the field by Colonel Tji.tox. /. ilth and 10th Pennsylvania "Reserves." See General Ckawfoku's report. ff. 2d hrifrade (.Sweitzee's;. 1st division, 5th corps. h. 118th Pennsylvania and 1st Michigan volunteers.29 i. .5th and 12th Pennsylvania " Reserves." 3S Okawfoeo's report. j. 2d, .3d, 4th, 5th, and 'ith Vermont volunteers.^'^ k. 5th Wisconsin, Gth Maine, 49th and 119th Pennsylvania volunteers.'' l. General Sedgwick's report. Verbal explanation by Colouel Geant and General Rdsseix. 24 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. and Martin's battery, C, '^ Massachusetts, were ordered on Iho 3d by Captain Martin, chief of the 5th corps artillery, lo report to General Wright,'' and wore jdaced in position in the rear of Round Top. General Kilpatrick,'^ witii Farns- worth's'*'^'' and Merritt's '""'"' brigades of cavalry, ac('oni])anied by Elder's'-' and CJraiiam's'^^ batteries of hoisc-arlillciy ( i^^, Itli United States, and K, 1st United States), were beyond and to the front of Kound Top. General Custer's brigade was engaged with General Gregg's division of cavalry on the right wing of the army. a Tliere were two brigades at. tliis ])()iiit. One (Giiant's) from Howe's i^ divi- sion, and one (KrssKi.i.'s) from Winoirr's division. CJeneral IIovvk remained willi the trooi)S all the time, thouf^h (leiieral Wiught was the raiikin;^ ollieer, and in command. b. 1st Vermont, 1st West Virj^inia (Union), 5th New York, and IStli Pennsyl- vania, and one squadron 1st Ohio volunteer eavalrv.'**' General FAimswouTii made a very gallant charge with 1st V^ermont and 1st West Virginia cavalry, during which he was killed. c. 1st, 2d, and 5th U. S. regulars and Oth Pennsylvania cavalry. -^^ (leneral Kilpatkick's report. I also spent several days witli this conunand at Stevens- burg, Va., in the winter of 1803-4, deriving from its ofllcers the fiilk-st details, which fully corroborated statements of Confederate ollicers given me in the liospital at Gettysburg. * Cl]c CIjirD ^M) of t\}t liattlc. TuE first hours of dawn on July 3d were devoted to driving EwELL from the works seized by him on Gulp's Hill, which was accomplished after a heavy cannonade by the artillery, followed by severe fighting on the part of the 12th corps, re-enforced by General Shaler's brigade of the 0th corps, which lasted several hours. Ruger's division, consisting of McDougall's and Col- GR0v?]'s brigades, which with Lockwood's independent brigade, and Candy's and Kane's brigades, of Geary's division, had re- turned during the night ; the latter brigade in time to partici- pate at the close of the engagement. From this time until one o'clock in the afternoon there was no general fighting. General Lee was preparing for the grand assault on which he based his hopes of carrying the Union position, and severing the Union army, sweep it from, the field. The Confederates lay mainly along Seminary Ptidge, Hood's division holding the right wing** being advanced to the woods in front of Round Top D. Law's ^■^*' and Anderson's ^^^ brigades had moved on the 3d to the extreme right to watch Kilpat- rick's cavalry ,^^ with which they were engaged late in the afternoon, beyond and in front of Round Top D.* Hood's line consisted of Law's,^""'' Robertson's,^-*^ "^ Anderson's,^^'* and Ben- ning's ^'^^-^ brigades. General Hood was wounded on the after- a. Longstkeet's report. I. Verbal .statement of General Hood. — Verbal statement of the officers of the loth Alabama regiment. c. Law's brigade,i30 4th, Loth, 44th, 47th, and 48th Alabama. d. RoBEHTSox's brigade,i26 igt^ 4th, and 51st Texas, and 8d Arkansas. «. Anderson's brigade,i27 7th, 8th, 9th, 11th, and 59th Georgia. /. Benning's brigade, 128 2d, 15th, 17th, and 20th Georgia. Og GKTTYSBURG -DESCRIPTIVE KEY. noon of the 2d, and his division was commanded on the 3d by General Robertson. McLaavs' division on his left, extended northward across the country road leading from the Emmetts- burg road at the peach orchard H, westerly toward Fairfield/' Ilis line consisted of Kershaw's,^'- '^ Barksdale's,''^" Wofford's,'^''* and Semmes'^'"* brigades. On McLaws' left was Anderson's division, consisting of WilcoxV'^ Perry s,^^'''' Wright's,^'''' Posey's/^^' and Mahone's^"''^-'' brigades; the two former in an advanced position, under orders to cover the right of the assaulting column ; the others remained behind the crest of Seminary Ridge. General Pickett's division of Longstreet's corps arrived in the field on the morning of July od,^ and, not having been previously engaged, was selected to form the right wing of the assaulting column/ the left being composed of troops from Hill's corps. Pickett's division consisted of three brigades of Virginia troops, under Generals Ke.mper,^*^ "" Garnett,^"^ '^ and Armistead.^"'*'^'' The two first named formed the front line ; Armistead held the second.' Heth's division of Hill's corps, commanded by General Pettigrew,' formed the left wing. Archer's ^'^'^^ brigade, of Tennessee and Alabama troops, com- a. Statement of General Wofford. i. Kehsiiaw's brigade,i29 2(], 3d, 7tli, Stli, and 15th South Carolina. c. Barksdale's brigade,i'5S 13th, 17th, 18th, and 21st Mississippi. d. Wofford's brigade,i32 lotli, 18th, and 24tli regiments, Cobb's legion, and Phillips'' legion, Georgia. e. Semmes' hrigade,i3i 10th, 50th, 51st, and 53d Georgia. /. Wilcox' brigade,i35 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 14th Alabama. g. Perry's brigade,i3f 2d, 5th, and 8th Florida. h. Wright's brigade,i5i 2d, 3d, 22d, 48th, and 2d battalion, Georgia. - i. Posey's brigade,i43 i2th, 16th, 19th, and 48th Mississippi. j. Maiione's brigade,l45 ctli, 12tli, ICtli, 41st, and 61st Virginia. k. Statement of Colonel Harrison, General Pickett's adjutant-general. I. Longstreet's report. m. Kemper's brigade, '^a 1st, 3d, 7th, llth, and 24th Virginia. n. Gabnett's brigade, 8th, 18th, 19th, 28th, and 56th Virginia. 0. Armistead's brigade, 9th, 14th, 38tli, 53d, and 57th Virginia. p. Archer's brigade,i60 igt, 7th, and 14th Tennessee, oth and 13th Alabama. FORMATION FOR THE ASSAULT. 27 manded by Colonel Frye, held its right, and joined on Gar- nett's left. Brockenborough's Virginia brigade/^'^ "^ held the left of Pettigrevv's comniand, while his own brigade of North Carolinians,^'^*' ^ commanded on this occasion by Colonel Mar- shall, was on the right-center,and Davis's Mississippi brigade,^*'"'' on the left-center. These troops formed the first line of the left wing of the assanlting column. The second line, com- manded by Major-General Trimble, formed in rear of Petti- GREw's right.*^ Scales' North Carolina brigade,^^®^ commanded by Colonel Lourance, held its right/ and Lane's North Caro- lina brigade,'" ^ the left. Thomas's North and McGowAxN's South Carolina brigades, of Pender's division, Hill's corps, had been advanced the nis;ht before to a narrow road leading from the town to Bliss' buildings N,'' and being covered by the intermediate ridge, and in a favorable position to protect the left wing of the assaulting column, remained there, with Thomas's brigade'*'^* on the right, and McGowan's brigade,'"'-^ commanded by Colonel Perrin, on the left. On the hitter's left, nen.rer town, was Ramseur's brigade'"^ of North Carolina troops, and, in succession, the other brigades of Rodes' division. a. BuooKENBORouGn's brig;ule,i^2 40tli, 47tli, and 55tli, and 22d battalion, Viri^nnia. b. Pkttiguew's l)risade,i55 ntli, 20tb, 47tb, and 52d North Carolina. c. Davis's brigade, 2d, lltli, and 42d Mississippi, and 55th North Carolina. (A large nninber of the 2d and 42d were taken prisoners at tiie railroad cut S, on the first day.) d. Longstreet's report. e. Scales' (Louijance's) brigade,i5<5 i.sth, 10th, 22d, 34th, and 38th N. Carolina. /. Report of Scale's brigade. g. Lane's report. Lane's brigade,iCT 7th, 18th, 28th, 33d, and 37th Nortli Carolina. h. Burned by order of General Hats just previous to the cannonade. Hays' report. i. Thomas's brigade,i6S I4th, 35th, 45th, and 49th Georgia. j. McGowan's brigade,ni 1st, 12th, 13tli, 14th, and Ore's Rilles, South Carolina. k. Ramseur's brigade, 2d, 4th, 14th, and 30th North Carolina. 28 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVK KEY. The massing of the artillery to cover the grand assault was on a no less formidable scale. Guns were placed on every available position ; which are indicated in the painting by putfs of smoke seen along Seminary Ridge to Oak Hill U, and in the key by the usual figures.* Henry's battalion of artillery^''*'' held the Confederate right, represented in the painting over and beyond the peach orchard H. On his left was Alexander's battalion/'^^ " at and in rear of the peach orchard. On the left of Alexander was Eshleman's battalion ^'^^'^ (the Wash- ington artillery of New Orleans). Next came Dearing's battalion.^'*'* ^ The two last named were within close ran2:e of the Union lines, and their fire proved very destructive. They are represented in the painting on the intermediate ridge between Cordora's house K, and the apple orchard J. On the left of Bearing's was Cabell's battalion, ^^^ which on the painting is seen beyond and in range of the copse of trees M. Poague's battalion ^^^^ was placed next in the line, and in suc- cession Garnett's,^^^^ Pegram's,^^^ ' Lane's,^^^'*-^ and McIn- a. Tlie batteries in the subjoined reference have been arranged from the reports of the several battalion commanders, and if any have been omitted, it may arise from the fact that they were not written for publication. h. Hexry's battalion 13* was composed of Rkilly's and Latham's batteries (and probably others, though not mentioned in Major Heart's report). c. Alexander's battalion, 136 composed of Moody's, Taylor's, Rhett's, Parker's, Jordan's, and Woolfolk's batteries. d. Eshleman's battalion 139 was composed of Miller's, Noecom's, and Richard- bon's batteries. e. Dearing's battalion '40 -^v^as composed of Stribling's, Miller's, Macon's, Oaskte's, and Blout'b batteries. f. Cabell's battalion i** was composed of Frazer's, Manly's, McCarthy's, and Carlton's batteries. g. Poagtte's battalion 149 comprised Vozatt's, Graham's, Ward's, and Brooks' batteries. h. Garnett's battalion. 152 Maurin's and Lewis's batteries are the only ones mentioned by name in Lientenant-Colonel Garxett's report, though he speaks of nine rifled guns being in position under Major Richardson. i. Pegram's battalion, I"'' comprising Manye's, Brander's, Zimmerman's, and McGraw's batteries. j. Lane's battalion i^s-" was composed of Ross's, Wingfield's, and Patterson's batteries. AKRAXGKMEXT OF ARTILLERY. 29 tosh's ^^^ '' battalions, and Happ s,^*^^ Smith's/*'' Watson's/^ and Cunningham's^®'' batteries of Dx\.na's^ battalion, which filled the line to the railroad S. On Oak Hill U Lieutenant-General A. P. Hill, caused to be planted two Armstrong guns, of Rice's bat- tery, McIntosh's battalion, which during the battle distributed their bolts from Cemetery Hill Z to Round Top D. In this line the Confederates had nearly 150 guns.'' Holding the periphery of the circle, they were enabled by a concentration of fire upon any one point to bring thrice as many guns to bear upon it as could be used in reply. As it was, the Confederate line actual- ly held nearly twice as many guns as were in the Union line, which mounted only about 100 pieces,'^ all that could be placed in position. THE CANNONADE. It was not until one o'clock in the afternoon that the dread- ful preparations for the attack were completed ; but at that hour at a given signal the preliminary bombardment intended to cover the assault was opened.* This cannonading from nearly 250 guns continued uninterruptedly for two hours. a. McIntosh's battalion i'^^ was composed of Rice's, Joh^ison's, and Hart's batteries. In IIaht's were two Armstrong guns.^^'^ b. Dana's battalion, comprising Graham's, Dana's (Lieutenant Cunningham commanding), Watson's, "'•^ Smith's,!*)^ and Happ's batteries.'^i c. Report of General Pendleton, Confederate chief of artillery, corroborated by reports of each artillery battalion commander. d. Tiie report of General Hunt, chief of the Union artillery, gives seventy-live guns on tiie western crest of Cemetery Ridge, without enumerating those on Cemetery Hill Z. Major Osborne's report, chief of the eleventh corps artillery, places in position on the hill the batteries of Taft, 5th New York (Independent) ; DiLGER, I, 1st Ohio; Bancp.oft, G, 4th United States; Eakin, H, 1st United States; Wheeler, 13th New York (Independent); Hill, C, 1st Virginia;* and Captain Edgell, 1st New Hampshire, reports his battery there. Several of these batteries suffered severely during the two previous days, having guns dis- abled, and others may not have been engaged all the time; but I tliink twenty- tive guns a fair estimate, which would increase the number to one hundred. e. Pendleton's report. * Huntington, H. 1st Ohio. 3Q GETTYSBURG— DKSCRIPTIVE KEY. Duriiij^' this terrible duel the Union troops crouched behind their rude breastworks, and such other slight cover as they could find behind outcropping rocks and the undulations of the surface tightly grasping the musket on which they knew they must finally depend. Many caissons* and limbers of artil- lery were exploded on both sides, and many, very many casualties occurred, but the destruction of life was not as great as might naturally be expected from such a fearful bombard- ment, which has never before been efiualed on this continent, if in the world. THE CHARGE AND REPULSE. Finally, at three o'clock, p. m., the cannonade ended, and the order was given for the grand assault. Pickett and Pet- TiGREW advanced simultaneously, followed by Trimble's com- mand. The gallant conduct of the Confederate troops during this celebrated attack has universally received the highest praise from the Union commanders.^ Pickett's Virginia troops were fresh in the field, and much better protected in their advance by the unduhitions of the surface than those of Pettigrew on his left, while Pettigrew and Trimble's commands, the first to break," had suffered the demoralizing disadvan- tage of having lost fearfully in the first day's battle. It is not strange that they broke before reaching the Union lines ; the great wonder is that they succeeded in advancing as far as they did. The advance of more than 1,300 yards was not distin- guished by that dash and enthusiasm which usually character- ises an infantry charge. Slowly but determinedly'^ they a. See MoGilvey's l)rigii(le,2C on tlie pjiinting. h. Hancock's, Hunt's, Hays', GiiiuoNs', Wehb's, Newton's, Stannard's, and otiier reports. c. LoN