Book '^^^ / i/ LEADINQ ManufaclurerB and Merchants , OK / 73 CENTRAL AND WESTERN ¥^ I MASSACHUSETTS. HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW OF THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF Worcester, Hampden, Hampshire, Berkshire, and Franklin Counties. ILLUSTRATED. INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING CO., PUBLISHERS, 102 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK. Boston, Cincninati. and Chicago. Entered accoidiug to Act of Congress, in the year 1886, by INTEKNATIONAI. PUBLISHING COMPANY, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. // fy/0 _/ ^ .< -1 INTRODUCTORY. IN presenting this work to the public, and more directly to the citizens of Central, Northern, and Western Massachusetts, only a word or two is required to explain its character and object. Indeed, the work explains and vindicates itself. Devoted to the manifold industrial interests of that section of the glorious old Bay State above indicated, it presents in an intelligent and concise manner an attractive review of the multifarious business activities that give it commercial importance and prosperity. As a record of the manufacturing and mercantile industries in the principal cities and towns of the iive counties covered by the following reviews, we confidently believe it will not only accomplish much toward their encouragement, but will also bring to the attention of many thousands of business men in other and remote parts of the Union grate- ful and interesting information respecting the manufactures and general trade that flourish here. If there are qualities for which these people are distinctively noted above others, they consist in the pluck, energy, and ingenuity they have exercised in conquering honorable place, name, and good fortune for themselves, commercially and socially. It is workers of this sort that have rolled it onward to its present position. The avenues opened by the inventor, the manufacturer, the merchant, have been often indeed beset by obstacles, but these have been obliged to give way to innumerable utilities of inestimable worth and value. What though personal benefit may have been in the vast majority of instances the incentive of their endeavor? Their activity, their enterprise, their persistence, their courage have wrought the manufacturing and commercial successes illustrated and described in the following pages. The data given in them have been drawn from the most authentic sources, have been carefully collated and intelligently revised, and the utmost care has been exercised in order that the information herein given may be relied upon as accurate. The reader will observe that while the largest and practically leading enterprises in the general lines of business are treated at some considerable length, many smaller and less prominent concerns are also reviewed for the simple reason that each one of the latter in its own way and in its own special department has contributed its share to the general prosperity and wealth of the various commodities mentioned. As intimated above, the circulation of this work will not be limited to those portions of Massachusetts of which it treats. It will reach to distant sections of the country, and many volumes will traverse the ocean and enter foreign manufacturing and mercantile houses, imparting to their proprietors a fund of information that cannot but prove novel and interesting. The publishers of this work beg to acknowledge the essential service rendered by many gentlemen in its preparation, for which they are sincerely thankful. INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY. Central and Western Massachusetts, INDEX OF TOWNS. WORCESTER, ■ 33 WEBSTER, 110 SOUTHBRIDGE, 117 MILLBURY, '. . . . 122 SPENCER, 126 NORTH BKOOKFIELD, 13-1 WARREN, 139 WESTBORO, 1-13 NORTHBORO, ■ 1-43 MILLFORD, 145 LEOMINSTER, 147 FITCIIBURG, 155 GARDNER, 171 WINCHENDON, 176 ATHOL, 179 SPRINGFIELD, 185 HOLYOKE, 231 SOUTH HADLEY FALLS, ■ 256 CHICOPEE, 258 CHICOPEE FALLS, 262 PALMER, 267 MONSON 274 WESTFIELD, 283 NORTHAIMPTON, 291 EASTHAMPTON, 294 WILLIAMSBURG, 295 WARE, 310 AMHERST, 316 GREENFIELD, 319 TURNERS FALLS, 327 PITTSFIELD, 332 NORTH ADAMS, 345 GENERAL INDEX. Adams, H. O., oysters and fish, Worcester lOD Adams, J. H., furniture, North Adams 347 Albee, Lyons & Co., clothing, Fitchburg 164 Alden, A. 0., organ mfr., Spring- field 206 Allen, Joseph, boots and shoes, South Hadley Falls 2.57 Allen, O. P., druggist, etc.. Pal- mer 272 Allen's, S., Sons, hardware, etc., Greenfield 32.5 AUyn, E. H., & Co., clothiers, etc., Holyoke 253 AUyn &. Kagwiu, meats, produce, etc., Holyoke 238 American Awl Co., Worcester 105 American Bicycle Company, Springfield 224 .Vmerican House, G. H. Cole & Son, props., Fitchburg 159 American House. D. S. Simons, prop., Greenfield 320 American House, William St. Lawrence, prop.. Pittsfield 33S American Optical Company, mfrs. spectacles, etc.. South- bridge 119 .American Pad Company, mfrs. of all kinds of pads, Holyoke 245 Ames, W. C. & E., groceries and provisions, N'orth Adams 348 Amherst Co-operative Associa- tion, groceries, farming tools, Amherst .319 Arsenault, D. A., druggist, Chico- pee Falls 265 .\thol Boot and Shoe Store, A. S. Davis, prop., Athol 180 Athol Silk Company 183 Atkinson, F. E., dry goods, Web- ster 116 Atwood, Luther L., apothecary, Pittsfield 312 Backus, Q. S., mfr. of patent bit braces, etc., Winchendon 178 Bacon & Sibley, mfrs. boots and shoes, Spencer 134 Bacon, Kent & Co., mfrs. boots and shoes, Spencer 131 Bahl, Robert, mfr. of office fur- niture, Springfield 230 Balch, O. A., steam grist mill. North Leominster 155 Ball & Merrick, provision deal- ers, Worcester 78 Bangs, F. W., & Co., dry goods and carpets, Greenfield 322 Barber, H. R., mfr. harness, etc., Athol 181 Bareille, Felix, harness, etc., Springfield 228 Barker & Barnes, saw mill, etc. , Springfield 223 Barnard, W. L., dry and fancy goods, Springfield 213 Barnard, Dr. F., botanic depot, and pharmacy, Worcester 99 Barnes, A. C.,&Co., mfrs. whips, etc., Westfield 287 Barnes, Wm. C, watches, sil- verware, etc 119 Barr, E. C, & Co., ice-cream and dining-rooms, Northampton... 301 Barr, Wm. A., & Son, mfrs. shoe heels, etc., Spencer 130 Barratt, Wm. , paperhangings, etc., Gardner 172 Barr's Dining-Rooms, Spring- field 225 Barton, F. D., watches, clocks, etc.. Palmer 271 Bartlett, C. A., meats and provi- sions, , Worcester 87 Barton, S. R., tfc Co., insurance, Webster 112 Batcheller House, Thos, Ken- drick, prop.. North Brookfield. 138 Batcheller, E. & A. H., & Co., mfrs. boots and shoes. North Brookfield 136 Bates, A. J., stoves and hard- ware, Webster 114 Bay State Shirt Company, The, Leominster 152 Seals, L. H., & Son, mfrs. whips and lashes, Westfield 286 Beaumont, J. J., fancy goods, Worcester 95 Belcher, B. & J. W.. mfrs. agri- cultural implements, Chicopee Falls 265 Belcher & Taylor Agricultural Tool Company, Springfield 227 Belding Bros. & Co. , silk manu- facturers, Northampton 300 Bemis & Allen, mfrs. boots, Spen- cer 130 Bemis, Miss E. E,, milliner, etc., North Brookfield 135 Bemis & Call Hardware and Tool Companv, mfrs. of tools, etc., .Springfle'ld 212 Bennett, I. C. liverv and board- ing stable, Westfield 286 Bennett & Van VaLkenburg, mfrs. cotton warps, Athol 182 Benoit, P., groceries, provisions, etc., Holyoke 248 Berkshire Life Insurance Com- pany, Pittsfield 337 Betts Fencing Company, Palmer. 271 Beauregard, M., druggist, Chico- pee Falls 265 Bigelow, F. C, & Co., real estate, Worcester 106 Bigelow, E. N. , druggist, Webster, 115 Black, G. W., clothing, etc.,, Gardner 172 Blaisdell, Samuel, Jr., & Co., dealers in cotton & wool, Chic- opee 260 Blake, Ezekiel, latch needles, Chicopee Falls 263 Blake, Ira G., & Son, watches and diamonds, Worcester 109 Blanchard, Geo. C, beef, pork, veal, etc.. Worcester 89 Blatchford, G., books, music, and stationery, Pittsfield 340 Bliss, E. M., dry goods, etc., .Spencer 134 Blood, Chas. E., druggist. Ware.. 315 Boarding and Livery Stable, H. Hatfield, prop'r, South Hadley Falls 257 Bourne, W. H. . & Co., drj- and fancy goods, Milford 146 Bonvouloir, Pierre, teas, coffees, and spices, Holyoke 253 Boston Shoe Store, C. P. Young & Co., proprietors, Greenfield... 326 Boston Store, White Brothers, prop'rs, dry goods, Green- field 321 Boston Store, Clarke & Richards, prop'rs, dry and fancy goods, Holyoke 249 Boutwell. Mrs. N. A. , confection- ery, Worcester 104 Bovier, C. B., mfr. of cigar boxes and labels, Westfield 288 Bosworth & Wood, flour, grain, etc., Chicopee Falls 264 Braman^M.V N., groceries and provisions. North Adams 348 Bridgman, Malcolm, jewelry, Northampton 296 Broadbent, James, furniture, etc., Worcester 99 Brooks Bros., hardware, etc.. Palmer 270 Browning, Anson, clothing, etc., Greenfield 325 Brown, L. W., & Co., paper boxes, Springfield 211 Bruce, J. F., groceries, etc., Fitchburg I7u Bryant, G. Q. A., groceries, dry goods, etc., Winchendon 178 Bryson. Andrew, dry goods. Ware 312 Buddington, T. N., boots and shoes, Greenfield 321 Buffington Bros., meats, etc.. North Brookfield 138 BuUard Repeating Arms Com- pany, Springfield 221 BuUens, C. A., & Co., groceries, etc., Chicopee 261 Bullock, O. W., mfr. of watch tools, Springfield 219 Burbank, Bros., watches, clocks, etc., Worcester 109 Burbank Pharmacy, The G. G., A. E. Worthen, manager, Wor- cester 90 Burbank, J. L., apothecary, Wor- cester 99 Burnham, Geo. M., carpenter and builder, Springfield 205 Burr. John A., spring beds, etc., Springfield 228 Burrill, ,\lfred, furniture, etc.. North Brookfield 135 Burton, Chas., stone merchant, Chicopee 259 Bush & Co. , druggists, Worcester 74 Bush, C. A., stables. North Brook- field 138 Cady, Hendrick, & Co., grocers, Worcester 90 Caldwell, C. H. , flour, grain, etc., Fitchburg 162 Callahan & Donoghue, grocers, Holyoke 247 Carey & Glunz, beef, pork, etc., .South Hadley Falls 2.57 Carley. A. G., books and station- • ery, Northampton 297 Carpenter & Co., dry goods, Southbridge 120 Carpenter, P. H.. & Co., gi'o- eries, Southbridge 120 Carrington, H. C, steam and gasfitting. Holyoke 262 Carter & Cooley, dry goods, ho- siery, etc., .Springfield... 210 Carter, H. H., liverv and board- ing stables, Holyoke 2.51 Cartier, M. N., perfection cook- ing pots, etc., Millbury 123 Casey & Bacon, grocers, steam coffee and spice mills, Pittsfield 339 Cassidy, F. E., dentist, Worcester, 104 Centennial Cafe, P. M. Marble, Worcester 100 Chaifln, J. F., pianos, etc., Fitch- burg 160 Chandler, W. H., boots, shoes, etc., Fitchburg. 167 Chase, John, ctSons, mfrs. wool- ens, Webster us Chase & Tapley, heel manufac- turers. Worcester no Chapin & Co. .solicitorsof patents, Springfield 215 Chapin, H., pharmacist, Monson 282 Cheney, W. A., printing, Wor- cester 98 V GENERAL INDEX. Cheslev, R. E. & E. S., clothiers, etc., North Brookfleld 138 L'hicopee Falls Screw Co., mfrs. gimlets, etc., Chicopee Falls... 266 Chicopee Manufacturing Com- pany, Chicopee Falls 264 Chickering's Business College, PittsHeldf 338 Childs, A, P., insurance, Spring- field 215 Child, F. R.. & Co., biscuit and cracker mfrs., Webster 115 Childs, Henry, bookbinder and ruler, Northampton 304 Church, Chas., tin, copper, etc.. South Hadlcv Falls 256 Citizens' House, Thos. Lunan, prop., Fitchburg 170 Clatlin, C. R. B., photographer, Worcester 88 Claflin riental Manufacturing Companv, Worcester 88 Clapp, Fd«ard B.,hats, caps, and furnishings, Worcester 85 Clark, .\. L., flour, grain, etc., Leominster 149 Clark & Co., E. P., furniture, pianos, and organs, Ware 313 Clarke, E. W., & Son, seedsmen and florists, Springfield 221 Clark, Henry, insurance, Spring- field 22.5 Clark tfe Hastings, wholesale meats, Palmer 268 Clarke, J. H., & Co., dry goods, etc., Worcester 73 Clark Machine Company, mfrs. of turbine wheels, etc.. Turners Falls 328 Clarke, P. M., Atlas ready-mixed paints, Southbridge 121 Clark, W. S., & Co., hats, caps, trunks, etc., Springfield 228 Cleghorn Mills, mfrs. of dress ginghams, Fitchburg 166 Cleveland, U. E., clothing, Fitch- burg 161 Cobe. Max, clothier, Holyoke 242 Coe & Navlor, dry goods, Ware... 313 Coghlan, D. F.. Holyoke Steam Boiler and Iron Wks, Holyoke.. 243 Cohn, A. S.,&Co.,clothing, Wor- cester 106 Colburn, A. W., & Co., mfrs. violin sharps, etc.,\Vestboro 144 Colby Manufacturing Company, The P., mfrs. of photo, card mounts, Springfield 218 Colvin, M. R., piping, etc., Wor- cester 102 College Book Store. S. E. Bridg- mau & Co., publishers, North- ampton 299 Collins, Geo. W., groceries, etc., Holyoke 248 Colton, ,1. W., mfr. perfumery and toilet articles, Westfield 2.S7 Combs, Wm., furniture, etc., War- ren 140 Comerford & Daily, teas and cof- fees, Worcester 94 Comins, G. S. H., dentist, Green- field 32.5 Comins, W. F., meats, etc., Spen- cer 133 Converse House, C. P. Stone, prop., Palmer 268 Conant. Ball & Co., mfrs. chairs, Gardner 173 Conant & Bush, chair mfrs., Gardner 172 Connor, Edward, tailor, Fitch- burg I'i6 Conner, S. S., books, etc., West- field 286 Coogan, Owen, & Sons, tanners, Pittsfield _ 313 Cooledge & Co., dealers in cotton goods, Uolvoke 247 Coolev's Hotel, J. M. Cooley & Co. 'props., Springfield 214 Copeland, O. J., & Co., jobbers in books. Pittsfield 341 Cordes F. D., & Co., painters, Holyoke 240 Cordis Mills, tickings, Millbury... 123 Corser. S. -\., prop. Ware Iron Foundry, Ware 314 Cowan, Jas. M., coal, Springfield.. 209 Cowen, Mrs. A. T., dryandfaney goods, Spencer 127 Cowles, A. F., drv goods, etc., Amherst 318 Couch. B. M., paper machinery, Northampton 307 Crane & Ferguson, hardware, stoves, etc., Millbury 125 Crocker Institution for Savings, Turners Falls 331 Crocker National Bank, Turners Falls 327 Crowley, John F., ale brewery, Pittsfield »44 Crowell, John F., insurance, Worcester 80 Cross, D., merchant tailor, Fitch- burg 165 Crystal Emery Wheel Co.. The, mfrs. emery wheels, North- ampton ". 302 Culins, P. M., planing mills, Westfield 287 Cummings, H. E.drj' goods, etc.. North Brookfleld 138 Currier, F. C, & Son, ticket and insurance agents, Fitchburg... 164 Currier, J. M., architect. Spring- field 214 Currier, R. B., lumber merchant, Springfield 215 Cushman, 8. F., mfr. woolen goods, Monson 283 Cutting & Bishop, building con- tractors, Worcester S3 Cutler, Lyons 4 P'ield, shoes 324 Cutler. G' K , bookseller and sta- tioner. Ware 313 Dailey, M., cigar manufacturer. North Adams 348 Davis, I., &Co., fish, Worcester.. 109 Damon Narrow Fabric Co., The, mfrs. cotton tapes, Northamp- ton 300 Davis, E. C., civil engineer, Northampton 301 Davis, Reid & Co., cutting dies, Worcester 95 Davis, W. L., druggist, Worcester 100 Dean & Wheelock, paperhanging, etc.. Holyoke 246 Dearden & Noble, china, crock- ery, etc., Springfield 221 Dearnlev, .Tod, grain, meal, etc., Springfield 207 De Frate. C., boarding and feed stable. Springfield 214 Delevan House, John J. Shay, proprietor. Ware 312 Delvev, Chas. W.. drv goods, etc., North Brookfield 137 Deuel, Charles, druggist, Am- herst 318 Dewev, H. G., pharmacist, West- field .-. 287 Dewhurst, G. C, carriages, Wor- cester 105 Dexter, William H., real estate, Springfield .i. 224 Dickerman, E. E., stationery, etc.. Spencer 127 Dickieson & Morrison, drv goods, Holyoke 246 Division No. 42, N. E. P. Union, groceries, Worcester 83 Dixon, George S., & Co., oils, Worcester 89 Donnelly, P. J., groceries, Hol- yoke 252 Douglass, Chas., & Co., mfrs. car- riage and toy whips, etc.. West- field '. 285 Downing, Sturtevant & Taylor, wholesale grocers. Springfield. 205 Drake, J. M., groceries, etc., Warren 141 Draper, W. P., pharmacist, Springfield 220 Dresser House, C. A., The, J. F. Parker & Son, proprietors, Southbridge 121 Duncan, Goodell & Co., hard- ware, Worcester 80 Dunn, J. A. mfr. chairs, Gardner 173 Dustin & Clark, mfrs. stamping- machines, etc.. Spencer 131 Dustin, B. C, baker, Spencer... 129 Dutton & Tucker, dye woods, etc., Pittsfield 343 Eagen, LennehanA: Co., grocers. North .\dams »49 Earle, H. C, machinist, Worces- ter 82 Earle, Stephen C, architect, Wor- cester 79 Earl, W. D., & Co., mfrs. horn buttons, etc., Leominster 153 Easthampton Rubber Thread Company, Easthampton 306 Eddy, B. W., paper bags, twine, et('., Fitchburg 169 Eddy, Henry W., builder and contractor, Worcester 96 Edwards, H. B., & Co. , drv goods, .\mherst 318 Edwards, R. E., furniture and undertaker, Northampton 297 Eldred, Edwin, & Co., fire insur- ance, Worcester 77 Ellis, D. W., & Son, mfrs. fancy cassimeres, Monson 282 Ellis, G. A., & Co., coal, Athol.... 181 Elm House, Hagan & Squire, props., Greenfield 321 England, Geo. H., watchmaker anil jeweler, Holyoke 249 Enright, P. J., stoves, ranges, etc., Chicopee Falls 264 Evans House, Mrs. L. E. McLean, ])rop., Springfield 216 Exchange Hotel, E. L. Kennen, prop., Worcester 98 Farrar. H. T., real estate and mortgages, Worcester 84 Fairbanks, Edward, groceries, etc., Warren 142 Fairbanks, C. L., coal, Fitchburg. 159 Faulkner, G. M., bookseller and stationer, Fitchburg 165 Fav, C. T., boots and shoes, etc., Holyoke 247 Fay, Peck & Co., mfrs. straw goods 279 Fay, J. T., & Co., mfrs. rubbers, Westboro 144 Fearing & Everett, dry goods. X.irthamplon 301 Feelcv.. John, stoves and furnaces. North .\dams 349 Fenno & Co., grocers and tea mchts., Holyoke 241 Ferguson & Logan, dry goods, Greenfield 320 Ferry & White, insvirance agents, Chicopee 261 Ferrv, L. E..Massawanna Livery Stables, Palmer 272 Fitts, L. L., mfr. rails, balusters, etc.. Springfield 220 First Nat'l Bank, Northampton.. 298 Fisher, C. J., & Co., grain brokers, Holyoke 255 Fiske, Isaac, musical instru- ments, Worcester 93 Fitch, Geo. E., & Co., Chicago dressed beef, Westboro 144 Fitchburg Steam Engine Com- pany, mfrs. steam engines 169 Fitchburg Machine Works 162 Fitchburg Gas Company 161 Fitchburg Mutual Fire Insur- ance Company 168 Fitzgerald, S., rags, paper, and old metals, Holyoke 238 Fitzgerald & Co.. stationers, etc., Holyoke 242 Florence Manufacturing Com- panv. The, Northampton 307 Flynt, W. N., & Son, wholesale and retail dry and fancy goods, Monson .'. 279 Flynt, W. N., Granite Company, wholesale and retail granite dealers. Monson 281 Flynt Building and Construotion Company, Palmer 269 GENERAL INDEX. Foote, E. N,, & Co., mfrs. but- tons, etc., Northampton 29ii Forbes & Wallace, dry goods, Springfield 204 Foroes, C. P., line watches, etc., Greenfield 326 Forbes, W. A., dry goodsandcar- pets, Greenfield 320 Forest, Lafond & Co., Pharrna- cie Canadienne, Holyoke 242 Fortier, L. H., & Co., druggists, Holyoke 255 Foster, J. J., A (Jo., clothiers and hatters, PittsHeld .335 Franklin County National Bank of Greenfield 322 French, Dr. A. H., drugs, etc., Leominster 154 Fuller & Delano, architects, Worcester 78 Fuller & Houghton, manufac- turers of lounges, etc., Spring- Held 21S Gainsborg, Abe., clothing, North Brooktield 137 Gard, T. D., mfg. jeweler, Wor- ce.'iter 81 (iardner Hotel, F. Rafferty, pro- prietor, Gardner 174 Garfield & Proctor, coal dealers, Fitchburg 158 Gage & Reynolds, mfrs. and fur- nishers of straw goods, Monson 279 Garland, ti. W\, M. D., pharma- cist, Gardner 173 Gaylord Company, The, mfrs. of military and fancy goods, Chi- copee \ 260 Gavlord, H. E., wood and coal, Holyoke 252 Gaylord, John, boots and shoes, South Hadley Falls 257 Geer, G. P., accountant, Spring- field 209 GelineaUjC. W., druggist, Spring- field 229 Gerry, (ieo., &. Son, mfrs. dus- ters, etc., Athol 181 GibbsA Son, groceries, Westfield 289 Gilbert & Barker Mfg. Co., mfrs. of gas engines, Springfield 202 Gillett, D. 1.., dry goods, etc., Westfield 285 Girard & Irish, dry and fancy goods, Fitchburg 160 Glendale Elastic Fabric Co., mfre. elastic goring, etc., North- ampton 308 (Jlobe Village House, Wm. E. Horton, prop., Southbridge... 121 ( Joddard Bros. , blacksmiths, etc., Spencer 131 (Joddard, L. P., printer and pub- lisher, Worcester 96 Godfrey, (J. R. , harnes.smaker, etc., Gardner 175 Gof>dall, F. P., druEtdst, Holyoke. 249 t^rOiKlman, J. Wesley, rafr. bil- liard table frames, etc., Athol. 182 Goodrich, H. A., flour, groceries, etc., Fitchburg 167 i-toodrich, H. A:, & Co., clothiers, Fitchburg 160 Goodspeed, (i. N., mfr. of chair and pail machinery, Winchen- don .'. 177 (ioodnow, Lyman H., foundry, Fitchburg 163 Goodwin, F. E., boots, .shoes, etc, Worcester 82 Gordon & Drenning, dry goods, etc., Gardner *. 172 Gould, Geo. H., Ijoarding and livery stables, Springfield 230 firant, Chas. E., fire insurance, Worcester 90 Graham, H. L., jewelry, et(^, fiardner .". 176 Graves. M. L. & M. W., pro- prietors Railroad Steam Mills, Northampton 300 Greeley, H. A., apothecary. Mil- ford 145 Green, Alexander W., furniture, Greenfield 3J') Greene, H. G., druggist, Fitch- burg 169 Greene, M. T., & Co., milUnery goods, Worcester 108 Greenfield Saviujp Bank, The, ... 321 Grecnleaf, C. H., fruits, etc., Wor- cester 91 Greenwood, T. T., & Son, furni- ture, etc., Gardner 174 Greenwood, S. A., insurance agent, Winchcndon 178 Griilin, William P., flour, feed, grain, Pitt-sfield 339 Grout, ,Iohn N., & Son, groceries, Spencer 127 Guerrin, L., carriage manufac- turer, Worcester,... 82 Guilds, F. G., & Co., carting, Pittstield 343 Gunn, F. L., railroad ticket office, etc., Springfield 226 Gunn, .John, steam fitter, etc., Webster 116 Guv, Walter P., groceries, Fitch- burg 165 Hair Brothers, phunbers and bellbaiigers, Worcester 98 Hale, D. Frank, notions, etc., Springfield 212 Hamant, (J. R., druggist, North BrookHeld 137 Hamilton, .)., oils, Springfield 220 Hanunersley, H. W., groceries and provisions, Westfield 285 Hannnoni"ietor, Worcester 105 Troy Steam Laundry, C. A. Rbyce, proprietor, Springfield.. 217 Tucker, Elmer G., watchmaker, Worcester 108 Turners Falls Cotton Mill, mfrs. of cotton. Turners Falls, 331 Turners Falls Paper Company, paper mfrs , Turners Falls 331 Tuttle, A. T., & .Sons, staple and fancy groceries, Holvoke 248 Tuttle'Rubber Works, J. H. Tut- tle, proprietor. Holvoke 247 Twichell, W. H , nickel plater, Worcester 104 T>-ler, A. F., mfr. sash, blinds, etc., Athol 180 Tyler, E. D., & Co., insurance, "North Adams 347 Tyler, N. F., mfr. of whips, West- "field 285 Tyler & Towne, groceries, etc., "Warren 142 United States Spring Bed Com- pany, Springfield 205 Upham, W. H., clotliing, etc., Leominster 153 Urann, H. E., boots and shoes, Fitchburg 164 Utley, George E., lumber, etc., Gardner 173 Valley Machine Company, J. Mayher, propr., Northampton.. 306 Van "Deusen, John F.. cigars, tobacco, etc., Pittsfield 336 Van Doom, C. A., & Co.. crock- ery and glassware. Greenfield... 3'26 Veriier, Dr. I., druggist, Spen- cer 130 Waldo House, R. N. Start & Co., proprietors, Worcester 88 Walker, Henry, furniture, car- pets, etc., Worcester 85 Wallace, D. G., boots and shoes, Fitchburg 159 Walsh. M. F., grocer. Holyoke.... 255 Ware Standard. The. Chas W. Eddy, local editor. Ware 314 Warner Manufacturing Com- pany, mfrs. children's car- riages, Greenfield 325 Warren Savings Bank, Warren... 141 Warriner, S C.,insuran(!e agent, Springfield 221 Warwicli Hotel, W. M. Bemis, prop-, Springfield 208 Washburn. H G., funeral direc- tor. Sprintrlicld 219 Wason Manufui'turing Company, mfrs. railway cars, Springfield 203 Watkins & 'Simmons, photo- graphic rooms, Pittsfield 339 Watkins, H. W., dentist, Wor- cester 87 Watson & Belcher, meats, etc., Worcester 90 Waverly House, Henry Hay, prop.," Worcester 85 Weatherbee, Orlando, drugs, etc., Spencer 132 Welch, David, glass-cutter and engraver, Worcester 107 Wellington. Fred. W., & Co., coal, Worcester 79 GENERAL INDEX. Wells, J. M., & Co.» boots and shoes. Greenfield 323 Wetherbee, S., & Son, clothing, etc., Warren 142 Wheeler, Wm. E., livery and boarding stable, Chicopee 261 Wheelook, Geo. V., plain and fancy card printing, Chicopee 201 Whipple, M. K., mfr. satinet warp, Warren 140 WhitaKer, E., mfr. loom and dresser reeds, Holyoke 242 Whitaker & Proctor, mfrs. tor- toise shell goods, etc. , Westboro 144 White. Jas. G., upholstered fur- niture. Worcester 100 White, John, florist, Pittsfield... 340 White, John, Jr., boots, shoes, etc., Worcester 96 Whiting Paper Company, The, paper mfrs.. Holyoke 240 Wnitmore MiinnfaVturinK' Com- pany, card l>oiirii luui jmiKTSof every descriitlioii, Holyoke 249 Whitney House. C. Whitney, pro- prietor, Westboro 144 Whitney, F. A., Carriage Compa- ny, Leominster ir)0 Whitbeck & Sheurn, pianos and organs, Northampton 299 Whittle, J. H., mfr. tin cylinders, etc., Worcester 94 Wight, H. K., flour, fgrain, etc., Springfield 229 Wilcox, S. J., jeweler, Monson... 283 Wilcox. M. E., livery, Westfield 289 Wililer, F. B., dress trimmings, etc., Springfield 225 Willard, Geo. A., mfr. supporting trusses, Worcester 107 Williams, A. L., & Co., fancy gro- ceries, Fitchburg 163 Williams. A. W.. mfrs. of imita- tion jet, Leominster 149 Williams Manufacturing Com- pany, mfrs. of splint and rat- tan baskets, Northampton 296 Williston Mills, mfg., Northamp- ton 305 Williston & Knight Co.. mfrs. of covered buttons, North- ampton 306 Wilson, C. W., designer and en- ^aver Worcester 103 Wilson. C. P., carpenter and job- ber, Springfield 218 Wilson, The, F. E. Swift, propri- etor, Pittsfield .344 Wilson & Holden, commission merchants, Worcester 77 Wilson & Read, insurance, Pitts- field 340 Winch, W. J., saddlery hardware, etc., Leominster 153 Winn, S. B.. mfrs. of soda, ginger ale, etc.. Holyoke 249 Wood. Oliver B., printer, Wor- cester 1U9 Wood, Mark, real estate, Hol- voke . . 253 Wood, W. ii., druggist,' South Hadley Falls '&(, Woods & Hoslev, jewelers, Spring- Held 21St Woodward. T. M., sign painter, Worcester 97 Worcester Collar Laundry, C. B. tJook, proprietor, Worcester.... 86 Worcester Molding Works, Wor- cester 96 Worcester Safe Deposit and Trust Co., The, Worcester 73 Worcester Slipper Company, J. P. Grosvenor, proprietor, Wor- cester 101 Wright Wire Cloth Co., Pal- mer 270 Wright & Read, mfrs. of chairs, Gardner 175 Wright, G. W., printer, Fitchburg 167 CITY OF WOKCESTEE. THE "HEART" OF THE GREAT COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS AND A VERT PROMINENT RAILROAD AND BUSINESS CENTRE— A REVIEW OF THE CITY'S HISTORY, AND REPRESENTATIVE INDUSTRIES — A RAPIDLY GROWING COMMUNITY AND AN ATTRACTIVE PLACE FOR RESIDENCE. "WoRCBSTEK," says an excellent authority, "has time out of mind been denominated 'the Heart of the Commonwealth ' " of Massachusetts. If this has been truly spoken, then it goes without saying, that never has a true heart throbbed to better purpose within a body politic than has here (from the broad bosom of a county itself royal in area as a Commonwealth) made its pulsations felt COURT HOUSES. throughout the world, through the superb system of the old Bay State. The leading part played in New England by the Colony of Massachusetts, which absorbed several other colonies, and from which those of Connecticut and Providence originated, is too well known to demand trite allusion. Just here, however, it may not be tedious to piiuse for one moment and listen to an indirect allusion of this nature made a hundred years ago, more or less, by one of the officers who served in Burgoyne's campaign. Lieut Aubrey, in his "Travels through the Interior Parts of America," tolls 34 CITY OF WORCESTER. an honest tale of the experiences the British met with in traversing Massachusetts after their Sara- toga defeat. He speaks of passing " through a small, neat town called Worcester," which even at that early day it seems won meed of praise from casual traveller and superficial observer, "enemies themselves being judges." Continuing, he gives a passing glimpse of the temper of the hour and the subdued dry humour of New England triumph, proceeding as follows: "As we passed from this town [Worcester], at a small village there were assembled a great concourse of people to see us march, who were very curious, some lifting up their hands and praying to Heaven, some admiring the soldiers, others looking with astonishment. But among the crowd stood foremost an old woman, who appeared to be near an hundred, upon whom your old friend, Lieut. McNeil of the Ninth Regi- ment, thought to be a little witty ; in which however he was fairly worsted. As this old woman THK COUNTY JAIL. attracted the notice of every one, when he passed, he said to her, "So, you old fool, you must come and see the lions." But with great archness she replied: " Lions, lions! I declare now, I think you look more like lambs !" If New England's soil in some provinces has been known to be as dry as her humour. New Eng- land's sons, of all men, have best known how to wrest the best returns from it. The same ability of persistence in turning reproaches to laurels seems not to have been unappreciated by General Burgoyne's officer in the indirect tribute already alluded to, which is as follows: " The lower class of these Yankees — aproj^os, it may not be amiss here just to observe to you the etymology of this term : it is derived from a Cherokee word, eankke, which signifies coward and slave. This epithet of Yan- kee was bestowed upon the inhabitants of New England by the Virginians for not assisting them in a war with the Cherokees; and they have always been held in derision by it. But the name has been more prevalent since the commencement of hostilities. The soldiery at Boston used it as a term of reproach; but after the affair of Bunker Hill, the Americans gloried in it. Yankee-doodle is now their paean, a favorite of favorites, played in their army, esteemed as warlike as the Grenadier's CITY OF WORCESTER. 35 March: it is the lover's spell, the nurse's lullaby. After our rapid successes, we held the Yankees in great contempt; but it was not a little mortifying to hear them play this tune when their army marched down to our surrender." "Down, on your knees, man!" said Old England's poet laureate, as in close converse, arm in arm with a friend, the two came suddenly upon a clump of the first epring violets, and Lord Tennyson knelt to inhale their fragrance. "Let us cry," sententiously suggested New England's Autocrat of the Breakfast Table, interrupting a flow of talk to consider the advent of the first upspringing greeo blade announciDg that winter was passed and " the time of the singing of birds " was at hand. UNION RAILROAD STATION. Arrested in a somewhat similar manner by sudden descriptive approach to some of New England's boundary lines, it has seemed but natural to thus halt, remembering the part the Bay State played in turning " lions " into " lambs," and if with the poet laureate we do not " down on our knees " upon fragrant historic soil, at least we pause between a tear and a laugh, and then march on to the echoing and endlessly re-echoing strains of Y.ankee Doodle. Area of New England. New England to-day extends from lat. 41° to 47° 32' N., and from Ion. 66° 52' to 73° 50' W., and has an area of 08,400 square miles. Without including the smaller inlets it has a coast line of abf>ut 700 miles. It forms a large and beautiful portion of the great peninsula which includes NovaScatia, New Brunswick and parts of Quebec, and which is formed by the waters of the Atlantic ocean, the 36 CITY OF WORCESTER. St. Lawrence river and the connected waters of Lake George, Lake Champlain and the Hudson river. In its six States, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Khode Island and Connecticut, the most varied, picturesque and charming scenery delights the eye. Maine which is said to comprise about half the area of New England, and which under the title of the District of Maine formed iii h4 O early colonial times a part of the Massachusetts colony's territory, is rich in grand and beautiful' scenery. New Hampshiie has long been called the Switzerland of America, while views in Massa- chusetts have been favorably compared with the finest in Scotland. Beautiful ^'ermont early explored by the French, but settled by the English, is divided into nearly two ecjual sections by her Green CITY OF WORCESTEB. 37 *'^ iillli llilif III' lliti I a w H W o i 38 CITY OF WORCESTER. Mountains extending through the State from North to South. Connecticut has with the geographical exception of mountain ranges the same general characteristics as the rest of tLe New England States, and Khode Island, if the smallest in the Union, has within its boundaries the second city in New England in population, namely Providence; and has the distinct'on of being the first State that engaged in the manufacture of cotton. Early Settlement of New England, From the time of the discovery of the northern part of the American continent by Cabot more than a century passed before any successful efforts were made by the English to plant colonies. PILST OFFICE AND CHAPIN BLOCK. In 1584, it will be remembered, Sir Walter Raleigh came to what is now the New England portion ot North America, and his flattering account of it obtained for it the name Virginia, given by Queea Elizabeth in honor of herself. E.aleigh spent ne.arly $200,000 in vain attempts to colonize Virginia and abandoned the project. Captain John Smith in 1614 made explorations from Penobscot to Cape Cod. Whether as some authorities state. Prince Charles was deeply pleased with a map and reports of the coast presented to him by Captain Smith and thus was led to change the name of the territory described from Virginia to New England, or whether as other authorities briefly state the name New England was given by Captain Smith himself, the fact remains that the name was changed at that time. CITY OF WORCESTER. 39 o w o w H W w The first grant from the crown under which actual settlements were made in North America was given by James I. and was dated April 10, 1606. Comprising the portion of country lying between lat. 34° and 4'>° it divided the thus described territory into two parts called North and South Virginia. To the London Company was granted right to make settlements in South Virginia, while the Plymouth Company was authorized to do the same in North Virginia, or between lat. 38° and 45°. In a later patent granted by James I. in 1620 to the Plymouth company the country was described as lying between lat. 40° and 48° from North to South, and extending throughout the main land from sea to sea: the name given was that of " New England in America." Practically, the designation New England has always been applied to that part of the country lying east of New York. It has 40 CITY OF WORCESTER. never been a political unit; its States have never been isolated from the other States; and yet aa most of the colonies planted there were founded by men who held nearly the same views and opinions, and as they were closely associated and in some respects differed from other Colonies and States in organization and institutions, there has been peculiar fitness and convenience in this distinctive designation. HIGH SCHOOL. In the same year 1620 that James I. gave the last described patent granting the Plymouth Com- pany the right to the country called " New England in America," the Puritan colony of Plymouth was formed and obtained a patent from the South Virginia Company. They had left England in 1608 in pursuit of religious liberty. They had lived in Holland eleven years. During that time the number of Puritans had increased in England. Unhappy in Holland they determined to come to America. Under great disadvantages anil difficulties they set sail from England September 6, 1020, in the Mayflower. They reached Cape Cod November 9, and anchored in the roadstead of the present Provincetown. Discovering that they were outside the limits of the South Virginia patent; reflect- ing that they h.ad no right to the soil, and destitute of powers of government, they entered into a voluntary contract as follows : "We, [etc.] do, by these presents solemnly and mutually, in the presence of God and of one another, covenant and combine ourselves together, into a civil body politic for our better ordering and preservation, and furtherance of the end aforesaid; and by virtue hereof, to enact, constitute and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony: unto which we promise all due submission and obedience." CITY OF WORCESTER. 41 Was there not here an incipient American Constitution? The little company including women and children numbered 101. Having made their civil contract they set about examining the coast and at length decided to settle at a place which they named Plymouth. Here they landed December 11, 1620. Without dwelling upon so familiar a story one or two points may be touched upon. Con- ceded to be the founders of New England, space has here been taken to quote the civil compact of the Pilgrim Fathers. Before they left England they formed a contract with merchants there the terms of which covered seven years. By this agreement they were bound to carry on all their 42 CITY OF WOECESTER. commerce in common. Notwitbstamling the mortality resulting from cruel exposures, unsuitable food, inclement cold, fatigues and hardships, and which reduced their number nearly one-half iu about four months, at the end of seven years the shares were bought in by the colonists and the joint property was divided among them. 0EE.41) INSTITUTE. • Their government was administered by a Governor chosen annually by tlie people, and seven per- sons who were called " assistants," elected in the same manner. In 1G39 a House of Representatives was established. The political affairs of the Plymouth colony became connected with those of other colonies, especially with those of the Massachusetts colony witii which it became incorporated iu 1792. Some marked differences between the governments of the New England colonies and those of the other colonies may be noticed. The New England colonies hail charter governments : tliose of other colonies were royal or proprietory. In New England the government and ownership was in the COLLEGE OF THE IIoLV CROSS. CITY OF WORCESTER. CITY BANK. FIRST NATIONAL BANK. 44 CITY OF WORCESTER. colonists. In tbe other colonies government and ownership were in the crown or proprietors, or else the government was vested in one and the property in the other. The strenuous defence of civil as well as religious liberty on the part of the Turitans, as well as their love of education, is too well known to require reference. It was hut ten years after the settlement of Massachusetts that Harvard College was founded. The legislature of Massachusetts passed a law in 1647 that every town having fifty families should provide a school. Connecticut passed a similar law in 1660. In New Haven and Plymouth nearly the same provisions for schools were made. The organizations of church societies were simple and democratic in conception. Their municipal system had peculiar features. AUDIENCE KOOM, MECHANICS HAXL. Thug while the British Parliament was questioning the king's right to give such privileges as the patent of 1620 conveyed the Plymouth Company, the Puritans landed and made the first permanent settlement without any charter at all. Other settlers of the same religious views came from England and joined them and in 16.30 they numbered about 300. Ten years after their arrival the Company in England granted to the Plymouth settlers a title to the land they occupied. Of the many ineffectual, attempts to establish settlements; of the trials of the early settlers, their relations with the Mother Country, with the Indians and with other colonies, and all that led to the Eevolution, nothing can here be said. The first permanent settlement in New England, made in Massachusetts, the oldest and most important of the New England States, has been briefly outlined. At the time of the English settlement the territory of Massachusetts was occupied by five Algon- quin tribes. The Pennacooks were in the north-east, or in other words in a part of New Hampshire. The Massachusetts were on the bay which still bears their name. In the Cape Cod region dwelt the Nausets. West of them and in the South-east were the Pokandkets or Wampanoags. The Massa- chusetts colony had friendly relations with the Massachusetts and the Pennacooks. Indeed of all these tribes the Nausets alone were unfriendly, and with even these the Plymouth Colony made a CITY OF WORCESTER. 45 SCOTT'S BLOCK. "' 'It l.n~'n : DAILYA WEEKLY_ ,_ J^DL B,ALPWIN,,,S< CO. 460 JIAIN' STUEET. SPY UriLIUNG. 46 CITY OF WORCESTER. treaty of peace. With Massasoit, a chief of tlie Pokandliets (or Wampanoags) whose dominious included nearly all the southern part of Massachusetts and whose tribe was ouce estimated to be 30,000 in number, a treaty of peace and mutual protection was made. For fifty years this treaty was sacredly kept. In the United States census of 1870 only 151 Indians are returned from Massachu- setts. JONAS G. CLAKK BLOCK. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded in 1626 and 1630 and was later united with the Plymouth Colony. At one time Maine and Nova Scotia were united with the Plymouth Colony and included in its government. New Hampshire once formed a part of Massachusetts. New England has been eminently a commercial country. Before the general peace in Europe in 1S15, during long wars the flag of the United States became the only passport between contending powers. In 1870 the population of New England was 3,487,924. County of Worcester. Larger than the entire State of Rhode Island and having a population greater than that of the State of Delaware, the beautiful and fertile County of Worcester, the_ largest in Massachusetts, crosses the State from New Hampshire on the North to the States of Connecticut and Rhode Island on the South. On the West it is bounded by the Counties of Franklin, Hampshire and Hampden, and East by Norfolk and Middlesex Counties. Well watered and undulating in surface, Wachusett Mountain, a popular summer resort, is its highest elevation. Nature in a bountiful mood seems to have lavished her favors on this fair tract where agriculture, commerce and manufactures harmoni- ously exert their respective activities. Scarcely a town is to be found that is not supplied with ample water power. Viewed by rivers and railroads, teeming with luxuriant and varied products of the soil, gemmed with populous and beautiful towns which are centres of industry and enterprise, and in rapid communication from every section with the State capital and with centres of trade in all parts of the United States, this county in the most commercial State in the Union is perhaps without a peer. Among its rivers are the Blackstone, the Quinnebaug, Nashua, Ware, Miller's and Mill. In 1870 the population was 182,706, and in 1880 the census gave the County 226,897. CITY OF WORCESTER. 47 City of Worcester. Approaching Worcester by either of its .ix lines of railroads, all of which arrive at the handsome nnd commodious Union passenger depot, the traveller gets pleasing glimpses of one of the most charming cities in America. Beautiful for situation, the attention of the first settlers from the east S. K. LELAKD & CO. BARNAUD, SUMNER & CO. ^as at a very early date directed to this locality by the favorable description of the first committee of explorers sent out by the government. In the report of this committee the tract wa^ spoken of as one capable of supplying thirty or perhaps sixty families. To-day the city has an area of about thir- ty-six square miles. Its population in 1763 was 1,478 ; in 1800 it was 2,411 ; in 1820, 2,962 ; in 1830, ilATE Ml'T. L. A. CO. BAT STATE HOUSE. 48 CITY OF WORCESTER. 4,173; in 1840, 7,497; in 1850, 17,049; in 1860, 24,960; in 1870, 41,105; of these 11,940 were foreign- ers, 1,963 being natives of British America, and 8,389 natives of Ireland. In 1S75 the population was 49,265; in 1880, 58,291, and in 1885, 68,383, divided as follows: MALE. FEMALE. MALE. FEMALE. Ward 1, - 3,482 3,552 Ward 5, 6,.372 6,217 Ward 2, - 5,309 .5,323 Ward 6, 3,228 3,.5.54 Ward 3, - 4,068 4,388 Ward 7, 3,518 4,108 Ward 4, - 4,069 4,031 Ward 8, 2,972 3,532 is estimated the city now has a population of about 73,000. Relative Position. Worcester, which is the shire town of Worcester County, is forty miles W. S. W. of Boston; fifty-three miles E. N. E. of Springfield; seventy-nine miles from Hartford, Ct. ; one hundred and fifty-six from Albany, K. T. ; fifty-nine from Norwich, Ct. ; forty-three from Providence, R. I. ; twenty-six from Fitchburg; and forty-nine from Lowell. Historical Outline. The original territory of Worcester which was laid out and granted by the General Court to Daniel Gookin and others in 1667, was about eight miles square. In 1674 the Indian title to the territory was purchased for the sum of twelve pounds lawful money. The first settler was Ephraim ^^^^^^e=^~ ^>A«w^*«»- SALISBURY BUILDING. Curtis from Sudbury. He settled here in 1670, before the Indian title to the soil had been obtained. His lands are still in possession of his descendants. A settlement was started here in 1675. It was called " the village of Quonsigamog." King Phillip's war broke out in the same year and the new settlers fled from their homes to escape the infuriated savages. On December 2 of the same year the Indians burned the buildings already abandoned by the first settlers of Worcester. Two years later (1678) the General Court Committee ordered the original settlers to return and co-operate in building for self defence. This they feared to do. Great efforts were made in 1683 and 1684 to induce a permanent settlement, and in 1085 about twenty-five persons were living here. Nothing further seems to be known of the state of the town as then organized or what became of CITY OF WORCESTER. 40 the inhabitants ; the next fact recorded being that of the commencement of the permanent settlement of Worcester, October 21,1713, by Jonas Rice on Sagatabscot Hill. Alone with his family in the wilderness, as it was then, this solitary pioneer remained until 1715. The first male child Adonijah Rice was born November 7, 1714. Constantly annoyed by savages for many years the growth of the town nevertheless advanced from this time. The first church edifice was built in Worcester in 1719. A church was organized. The Rev. Andrew Gardner was ordained. The territory of neighboring towns became included in Worcester. At this time there were Indian towns on Tatnuck and Boggachoag Hills. On the eastern border of Worcester is a small lake about seven miles in length which still bears the Indian name Quinsigamond. The Indians applied this name also to the neighboring territory. In 1718 the town contained fifty- eight dwelling houses. "Some" it is said, "were furnished with windows of diamond glass." In others the light was admitted " through the dim transparency of oiled paper." Worcester was incor- porated a town June 14, 1722. MUTUAL INS. CO. LINCOLN BLOCK. In 17.31 Worcester became the shire town of tbe county. The necessary county business and the presence of the courts contributed to the prosperity of the town, but for many years agriculture was the principal support. Lancaster in vain petitioned the General Court to remove some of the courts to that place. In 1732 the first court-house was built. It was of wood, thirty-six by twenty- six feet, with thirteen feet posts. In 17-31 another larger building, thirty-six by forty feet, was erected, and was in use forty years. It was moved to the corner of Green and Franklin streets, where it still stands. Two edifices are now in use. The first which was built at a cost of twenty thousand dollars in 1801 now stands in the rear of its original site and in a line with the court-house built in 1845. This last named structure is of Quincy granite : its cost was one hundred thousand dollars. Until the close of the century the French and Indian wars and the great struggle of the Revolu- tion the interest of Worcester's history was, like tliat of other towns at the time, chiefly military. It is claimed to have been one of the most patriotic of American towns. The first time the Declaration of Independence was read publicly in Massachusetts it was read in Worcester by Isaiah Thomas, on the balcony over the steps of the Old South Church. To the same Mr. Thomas belongs the honor of having established the first printing press in the town, and the first printing done was the printing of The Massachusetts Spij, dated May 3, 1775, and containing an account of the battle of Lexington. 50 CITT OF WOECESTEB. In 1812 Tke American Antiquarian Society was founded. One of its first benefactors was Isaiah Thomas, L L. D., wlio in 1820 built a spacious hall for its cabinet of antiquities and its library which numbered about 12,000 volumes of American publications, especially books relating to American history. A handsome brick building for their library and offices has since been built on the hill north of the Court House by the society : its cost was $15,000. Mr. Thomas not only published the first newspaper in the town, but a few years after he published the first Bible in America. Born in Bos- ton, January 19, 1749, this liberal and well beloved patriot died in Worcester, April 4, 1831. Worcester was incorporated a city, February 29, 1848. In 1882 she ranked fourth in size among the New England cities, Boston, Providence and New Haven then exceeding Worcester. The history of her manufacturing interests will be found elsewhere. Bird's Eye View of Worcester. The first view of Worcester in its magnitude with its diversified landscapes, almost fabulous manufacturing industries, varied and beautiful architecture, villa-like residences, charming drives and multiplied hills with verdure clad, where homes wander off at will and gleam out like sweet surprises, strikes the beholder as something almost phenomenal in beauty. In the valley, the teeming industries, which are the functional, vital organs of this royal munici- pal organism, have their place; while the social, educational, home and recreative life climbs each year further up upon the hills. The homes that linger in tJie valuable business portion of the town are in no wise crowded together however, more or less yard and lawn always being indulged in, as a rule, and variety of style and shape is so marked that seldom are two houses seen that seem alike. In the centre of the city may be seen the Green, covering several acres, and attracting large gatherings in summer by band concerts as well as grateful shade and room for children's play. Here is erected a soldier's monument by Randolph Rogers, and a monument to Timothy Bigelow, a revolutionary officer. The streets are wide and pleasant. The principal business street, called Main Street, is a broad straight avenue shaded with beautiful trees and about two miles in length. Here with all the busy rush of the busiest nineteenth century life pressing in on every side, you may step into the building which was long known as the Exchange Hotel, built in 1784, and which is still in existence and under the same name, and standing near the Court house. This hotel was the favorite stopping place for people attending the courts, and here General Washington breakfasted on his way through New England after his inauguration as President. Here too Lafayette was entertained on his way from the West to Boston to assist iu laying the corner stone of Bunker Hill monument, June 17, 1825. Educational. The general excellence, thorough instruction and wide range of the educational advantages of Worcester have made themselves felt not only in the character and trained ability of the native citizens who have gone forth from her institutions as representative men, but have also added to the attractions of the city as a place of residence. Large and generous action on the part of the city government has developed a superior system of free public schools which includes a classical and high school, twenty-two graded schools, ten suburban schools, five evening schools, and an evening drawing school. In certain and diverse lines of manufacture Massachusetts holds the first rank as a manu- facturing State : she is also specially noted for the great extent of her manufactures in other depart- ments. Perhaps this is one reason that so much general training in drawing and practical instruction in mechanical arts .attract a visitor's attention here. CITT OF WOBCEiSTER. AJMES BLOCK. KELLET'S BLOCK. SAFE DEPOSIT CO. PEOPLE'S SAVINGS BANK. 62 CITY OF WOBGESTER. PromiQent among the city's superior institutions is one of unique cliaracter and great practical advantages. It is the Worcester County Free Institute of Industrial Science, and has its headquarters in the beautiful building known as Boynton Hall. The object of this Technical School is to furnish instruction in mechanics and in other branches of applied science in so practical and thorough a manner that graduates shall be fitted to enter at once upon their vocation. The Institute was opened in 1868. The regular course is three years. In 187.5 seventy-three members had graduated and of that number sixty were occupying honorable and renumerative positions for which the Institute had fitted them. In founding this school in 186.5 as a free school for the County of Worcester, John Boynton of Templeton seems to have been moved by much the same spirit that actuated Peter Cooper in found- ing Cooper Institute in New Yorli City. Mr. Boynton gave it $100,000 on condition that the city should erect suitable buildings. It was further endowed by Ichabod Washburn and by the City of Worcester. It has received §50,000 from the State of Massachusetts and $200,000 from Stephen Salisbury of Worcester. Students, to the number of twenty, who live in the State, though resident outside the County are also entitled to free instruction, on account of the gift of money from the State. Nor do the limits stop here. Students from any other place are admitted upon consideration of a small tuition fee. Some of the ablest and most influential men in Worcester County belong to the Board of Trustees which has the general direction of the Institute. An outline description of the buildings occupied will perhaps best delineate the character of the school. Boynton Hall has a chapel with seating capacity for four hundred ; it also has a lecture room. In the rear of these are store-room and private laboratory, also store and balance rooms with tables, re-agents, and everything required by students. It has a fully equipped laboratory for instruction in chemistry: also a physical laboratory supplied with power from the shop and adapted to the use of students in the practical solution of problems in physics. This laboratory contains Willis' system of apparatus, "complete working machines to illustrate the movements of the link and valve; C. H. Morgan's machine for showing the correct form of curves and their movements, models of bridges, thermic, optical and galvanic apparatus to meet every want; two commodious drawing rooms, one for free-hand, the other for mechanical drawing, with model rooms, where are the best French and English plates, manuscript drawings, models, casts, etc." There' is also a Designer's room and an Architect's room, with commodious recitation rooms and office: also a library and reading room. A full set of instruments is provided for the use of civil engineers. The Washburn Machine Shop, costing about $80,000, was given by Ichabod Washburn, and is designed to give students in this department a practical knowledge of the use of tools and the man- agement of machinery. Here is found the best tools and machinery for working iron and wood. The shop is managed like any other shop, the superintendent employing a sufficient number of skilled workmen. Students spend their practice hours in it as apprentices. In addition to the general training in drawing, the mechanical engineers during their senior year have special instruction in making working drawings of machines, determining the strength, dimensions and correct proportions of machines from numerical specifications, and in the laws of motors. The superintendent has been very successful in carrying out his determination to maintain the highest standard of workmanship. The work of this shop has taken first premiums at the American Institute Fair in New York and at other Fairs. The gold medal was awarded the speed lathe designed and built at this shop, by the Baltimore Fair. The State Normal School. The thorough preparation of teachers for the public schools is secured in the State Normal School whose handsome building commands from its elevated site a wide view of beautiful scenery for many miles around. In order to be admitted young men must be not less than seventeen years of age, and CITY OF WORCESTER. 53 'Mli ^.^Mt I; T. 05 H o a: O a o o ,)r, ¥ 54 CITT OF WORCESTER. young women not less than sixteen. They must successfully pass a thorough examination in elemen- tary studies, and the free instruction and free use of text books are given in consideration of their intention of teaching in the public schools of Massachusetts after graduating. The admission of students talses place in September and February only, at the beginning of each semi-annual session when the examinations take place. The High School. The High School Building is situated on a lot containing 31,672 square feet and extending from Walnut to Maple streets. It is one hundred and thirty by eighty-seven feet, and has nine school rooms, each about tliirty feet square, and has accommodations for about five hundred scholars. It has also a large library, a lecture room and chemical laboratory, a room for philosophical apparatus and a room for the principal's use, which is provided with bells and speaking tubes communicating with all parts of the building. Ten teachers are employed, seven of whom are women. On the second story are private rooms for teachers and two additional recitation rooms. The third floor has a large hall seventy-six by sixty-two feet. Nor is physical culture forgotten, a gymnasium finding place in the basement. The bell in the tower costing $1000, was a gift from William Dickinson, Esq., and the clock and twelve smaller ones in the building costing collectively the same amount were presented by the Hon. Edward Earle. A Chickering grand piano, costing $1200, was given by Stephen Salisbury. The building itself cost $180,000, not counting the price of the lot. In the city there are thirty-four school houses having sittings for 7951 scholars. Worcester Academy. Worcester Academy (Baptist) is delightfully situated on Union Hill. It was established in 1834, and has especially commodious and attractive buildings. This institution has four departments of instruction. First: a College preparatory course which covera four years, and in which the instruc- tion is in the Latin and Greek classics and such other studies as is required preparatory to entering college. Second: an Academic course for ladies and gentlemen which also covers four years; this course is for those who do not intend to enter college hut who propose to enter upon professional study or business life ; the students take Greek if they desire to. Third : an English course also covering four years, which consists of English studies only, furnishing complete preparation for boys intending to enter technical schools and instruction in bookkeeping. Fourth : a preparatory course of one year by which students are prepared to enter either of the higher courses. To accommodate students who have access to the advantages of the Academy by means of the railroads which centre in this city, commutation tickets are sold at greatly reduced rates. Board at the institution table can be had at $3.00 per week. Room rent is from $2.50 to $10.00 per term. Fifteen scholarships have been endowed here for the benefit of promising scholars who require such help. ^ The Oread Institute. This remarkable looking building which has the appearance of having stepped out of the middle ages, and appropriated the picturesque site which commands a view of the entire city, lias in reality been built only about forty years. It is of stone and resembles in architecture the feudal castles of song and story. The interior however is not only as spacious as its walls and towers give indication of, but tasteful, airy, light and commodious. For more than thirty years it has been one of the most popular schools in New England for young ladies. The course of instruction Is about the same for its graduates as that of Vassar College and demands four years. "The course of instruction corre- sponds with that of the best ladies' seminaries in the country, including the sciences, literature and the fine arts. Its peculiar excellence, however, is in the departments of language and literature." The expenses, exclusive of music, painting and the modern languages, slightly exceed $300 a year. CITY OF WORCESTER. 55 Erected 1885. CONGKEGATiONAL TEINITAEIAN-SALISBUET STKEET. 56 CITY OF WORCESTER. The Highland Military Academy. Upon still another of Worcester's delightful and sightly hills the Highland Military Academy with its several buildings finds abundant room for its horseback exercise and military evolutions. The Academy has a three years' course of study for young men and a Preparatory course for boys. This institution was established in 1856, by Mr. C. B. Metcalf. In 1861 it had outgrown its accom- modations, so rapidly did it increase in favor and patronage, and a large building was erected with assembly rooms, class rooms, library, armory, laboratory, and cadet quarters. A hospital was also fitted up. In 1868 and again in 1874 other buildings were erected. All the rooms are warmed by steam. Public rooms and halls are lighted by gas. Officers of the academic staff room in the same quarters with the cadets, mess with them, and exercise supervision. The studies, as at West Point, are similar to those of high schools and colleges. The first importance is given to the common English branches. These and higher English, including surveying, civil engineering and natural science are taught by experienced teachers who have previously been successful in high schools or grammar schools. In the military department thorough instruction is given in United States Infantry tactics, with daily drill and lectures and studies in the theory of tactics ; also instruction in United States Artillery tactics, with drill. The entire routine of a military post is constantly main- tained with its headquarters, quartermaster department, etc. A knowledge of the staff duties of officers is obtained. The military duties require only the time that in many schools is given to play. The College of the Holy Cross. The College of the Holy Cross stands on high ground in the southern part of the city. It was founded in 1843 by the Rt. Eev. B. J. Fenwick, Roman Catholic Bishop of Boston and given by him to the fathers of the Society of Jesus. It was incorporated in 1865. The design of the institution is to prepare the young men for either professional or commercial life, and the course of study embraces seven years ; three years are given to the preparatory and junior classes and four years to the senior. French is a part of the regular course ; other modern languages with music and drawing are extra. The faculty consists of a President and fourteen professors. The Churches. As has been noticed In a review of the early settlement of Worcester, the permanent settlement of the town was hardly begun before "a meeting house," as it was called, was built (in 1713) and a church society was organized, the Kev. Andrew Gardner being the ordained pastor. With the growth of the city the churches have correspondingly multiplied, and there are now fifty-one church societies in Worcester, nearly all of them having their own place of worship. Of these the largely predominating denomination appears to be the Congregational Trinitarian, which have eleven churches; the Congregational Unitarian have two; the Methodist Episcopal, nine; the Protestant Episcopal, three; the Baptist, eight; the Roman Catholic, seven; the Society of Friends, one; the Second Advent, one; the Universalist, two; the Christian, one; Free Baptist, one; Christadelphians, one; "French Reformed," one; Children of Israel, one; Lutheran, one; Presbyterian, one; Plymouth Brethren, besides numerous Chapels. The following is a list of the Churches: First Parish (Old South Church), Congregational Trinitarian; on the Common. Founded in 1716. Central Church, Congregational Trinitarian; Salisbury Street. Founded in 1820. Union Church, Congregational Trinitarian; Front Street. Founded 1836. Salem Street Church, Congregational Trinitarian; Salem Square. Founded 1848. Summer Street Church, Congregational Trinitarian ; Summer Street, cor. Bridge. Founded 1865. Plymouth Church, Congregational Trinitarian; Pearl Street, cor. Chestnut. Founded 1869. Piedmont CITY OF WORCESTER. 57 PIEDMONT CONG-L CHURCH. FIRST UNITAEIAN CHUKCH. 5S CITY OF WORCESTES. Church, Congregational Trinitarian; Main Street, cos-. Piedmont. Founded 1872. Swedes' Congre- gational Church, Congregational Trinitarian; Providence Street, near Grafton. Founded 1880. Pilgrim Church, Congregational Trinitarian ; Main Street, cor. Gardner. Founded 1885. Church OP the Covenant, Congregational Trinitarian; in three sections: Houghton Street, South Worcester, Lake View. Founded 1885. Second Parish, Congregational Unitarian : Main Street, opposite Market. Founded 1785. Church of the Unity, Congregational Unitarian ; Elm Street. Founded 1846. First Baptist Church, Baptist ; Salem Square. Founded 1812. Pleasant Street Baptist, Baptist; Pleasant Street. Founded 1841. Main Street Baptist Church, Baptist; 719 Main Street. Founded 18.")3. Dewey Street Church, Baptist ; Dewey Street. Founded 1872. Swedish Baptist Church, Baptist ; Normal Street. Founded 1880. French Baptist Congre- gation, Baptist ; 98 Front Street. Founded 1881. Lincoln Squarb Baptist Church, Baptist; 5 Highland Street. Founded 1881. Mount Olive Baptist Church, Baptist; 460 Main Street. Founded 1885. Free Baptist Church, Free Will Baptist ; 492 Main Street. Founded 1881. Trinity M. E. Church, Methodist Episcopal ; Main, cor. Chandler Street. Founded 1830. Laurel Street M. E. Church, Methodist Episcopal : Laurel Street. Founded in 1845. African M. E. ZiON Church, Methodist Episcopal ; 86 Exchange Street. Founded 1846. Webster Square M. E. Church, Methodist Episcopal ; Webster Square. Founded 1860. Bethel African M. E. Church, Methodist Episcopal ; Laurel, cor. Hanover. Founded 1867. Grace Methodist Epis- copal Free Church, Methodist Episcopal; Walnut Street. Founded 1867. Coral Street Church, Methodist Episcopal ; Coral Street. Founded 1872. First Swedish M. E. Church; Methodist Episcopal ; at Quinsigamond. Founded 1879. Second Swedish M. E. Church, Meth- odist Episcopal; 59 Thomas Street. Founded 1885. All Saints' Church, Protestant Episcopal; Irving, cor. Pleasant Street. Founded 1843. St. Matthew's Church, Protestant Episcopal; South Worcester. Founded 1871. St. John's Church, Protestant Episcopal ; 84 Lincoln Street. Founded 1884. Society of Friends, Friends; Oxford Street. Founded 1837. Church op Christ, Christian, Main Street, near George. Founded 1860. Children op Israel, Jewish ; 42 Southbridge Street. Founded 1877. French Reformed Church, Congregational Independent ; 208 Walker Building. Founded 1881. Christadelphian, Christadelphian ; 460 Main Street. Swedish Evangelical Gkth. Church, Lutheran; Mulberry, near E. Central. Founded 1881. Second Advent Church, Second Advent ; 492 Main Street. Founded 1841. First Universalist Church, Universalist ; Pleasant, near Chestnut. Founded 1841. All Souls' Universalist Church, Universalist; Kilby Street, near Main. Founded 1884. Presbyterian, Presbyterian; Continental Hall. Pounded 1886. Plymouth Brethren ; 425 Main Street. St. John's Church, Roman Catholic ; Temple Street. Founded 1846. St. Anne's Church, Roman Catholic; Shrewsbury Street. Founded 1855. St. Paul's Church, Roman Catholic; Chatham, cor. High. Founded 1869. N'otre Dame des Canadiens, Roman Catholic ; 31 Park Street. Founded 1869. Church of the Immaculate Conception, Roman Catholic; Prescott Street. Founded 1874. Church of the Sacred Heart, Roman Catholic; Cambridge Street, cor. Pitt. Founded 1880. St. Peter's Church, Roman Catholic ; Main Street, cor. Grand. Founded 1884. Missions. Baptist : Quinsigamond Mission. Sustained by First Baptist Church. Hacker Street Mission. Sustained by Main Street Baptist Church. Clover Street Mission. Sustained by Main Street Baptist Church. French Mission. Sustained by Baptist City Mission Board. CITY OF WORCESTEH. 09 ALL SAINTS EPISCOPAL CHURCH. «0 CITT OF WORCESTER. Congregational Trinitarian: Park Church. Sustained by Worcester City Missionary Society. Has a fine chapel finished in August, 1886, and a church is to be organized at once. Summit Mission. Sustained by Worcester City Missionary Society. Northville Library Association Misdon. Sustained by Northville Library Association. Methodist: Pleasant Street Methodist Mission. Sustained by Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church. Independent Missions: Adams Square Mission. Sustained by contributions. Austin Stre(t Mission. Self-supporting. Lincoln Square Mission. Sustained by contributions. Messenger Hill Mission. Self-supporting. Undenominational Religious Associations. Greendale Sunday School. Tatnuck Union Gospel Baud. Valley Falls Mission. Also Worces- ter Association of Spiritualists. Worcester has eleven Temperance Societies and a Prohibition Association. A long list of noble charities follow the lead of the churches. Societies, Libraries and Associations are met vifith on every hand. Worcester, as well as Boston, has" her Old South Church (to which reference has been previously made in connection with the reading, for the first time in Massachusetts, of the Dec- laration of Independence). It is the oldest church, now standing, in the city and was built in 1763. It was originally seventy feet long and fifty-five feet wide. Its present length since enlargement is ninety feet. Its clock is as old as the present century, having been made in 1800. The spirit of "ye olden time" is mir- rored in the following inscription upon the hell which was cast in 1802 : "The living to the Church I call, And to the grave I summon all." This Interesting and historic Church is a wooden structure, and stands on the old Com- mon, close beside the City Hall. Another very old Church is the Central Congregational, in a new and very elegant edi- fice on Salisbury street, near Lincoln square. One of the largest churches in the city is the Salem Street Church (Congregational Trin- itarian). It faces the lower' end of the Com- mon. It is of brick, and was built in 1848. Plymouth Church (Congregational Trinita- rian), a very handsome church edifice, challen- ges attention from its beauty and conspicuous position at the juncture of Pearl and Chestnut streets. The height of its granite spire is one hundred and ninety-two feet. This church has a fine chime of ten bells, presented to the society by E. A. Goodnow, Esq. PLYJIOUTH CHURCH. CITY OF WORCESTER. 61 Another remarkably handsome edifice, St. Paul's Church, Roman Catholic, is seen at the corner of Chatham and High streets. It is proposed to build a spire upon this edifice, reaching to a height of two hundred feet. The Second Congregational Church (Unitarian) situated on Court House Hill succeeds two former churches built by this society and destroyed by fire since this society was organized in. 1785. It is built of brick, coyered with mastic and in appearance represents granite. St. PAUL'S rHUHCH. As a place of Residence. As a place of residence Worcester offers the advantages which only a prosperous growing city of slow and legitimate growth can give. There is nothing ephemeral or false in the conditions attained. Worcester has not "boomed" into sudden notice and spurious mushroom prosperity. 62 CITY OF WORCESTER. She has not "jobbed" her way to the enviable jiosition she occupies. First by agriculture and then by honest and superior labor ministering to the needs of the world in honorable, painstaking indus- tries, she has, with the additional aid of commerce, grown naturally into orderly and healthful and HOLYOKE MACHINE CO. ever increasing prosperity. It is impossible to live in a town and not imbibe something of its spirit, whether willingly or not. Worcester is healthy, bracing, invigorating, and in its influences public spirited and elevating. Every encouragement is accorded to new enterprises. There is not the SARGENT CARD CLOTHING CO. feverish contagion of restlessness and dissatisfaction that pervades so many cities. Beautiful homes have room, and sway, and individuality, with more or less of the green earth pertaining to them and room for "vine and fig tree." Historic associations remind of a heroic and patient, earnest past, such CITY OF WORCESTER. 63 as men in the rush of to-day need the bracing influence of. Churches, free schools, and free libraries are recognized as necessities where all meet on common ground. Its climate is good; its sanitary- provisions superior; its municipal protection efficient. Lighted by gas and electricity, accessible at all 7,f:PfriRy II J. H. WALKER'S BOOT FACTORY. points by street railways, and guarded by eflicient police protection, and a thorough fire department, cheap taxes and economical living rates, further combine to attract new residents. Building lots for mechanics can be purchased at remarkaby low rates and on easy terms. ■KitVv,^^^_ WORCESTER CORSET CO. Water Supply. The radical defect which mars so many cities and which cancels too often all other advantages, namely, imperfect water supply, is happily conspicuous by its absence in Worcester. Both the water and the sewage systems are so superior that they win hearty enconiums from the many visitors who come to inspect them. The city is supplied with water from a reservoir at Leicester, between four and five miles from City Hall. This reservoir covers 143 acres and holds 700,000,000 gallons, with a water shed of 1,870 acres. It is at an elevation of 327 feet above the city, and has seventy-five miles 64 CITY OF WORCESTER. ilipl'jlliiiiimiiii "lliliii^ i w-> iiiiiiiiii t4 o a t> Of o of pipe, four hundred and seventy-five hydrants, and four thousand, two hundred and eighty-one service pipes. As this reservoir failed two years ago to supply sufficient water, the city have now, in addition, another vast reservoir and independent supply from similar works in Holden. A private company brought water into Worcester for the first time in 184") from Bell Pond (formerly known as Bladder Pond). In 1848 the city bought and in the following year improved the present water works at Leicester. Worcester has over thirty miles of sewers, emptying into Mill Brook and thence into Blackstone river. The death rate in Worcester is one of the lowest among the older cities of its size in the country. CITY OF WORCESTER. 65 w a w c! i c s •a o a o m O w o an A. Kelley. " 3. Michael D. Iloulihan. " 4. John J. White, John E. Bradley. " ."). William S. O'Brien. " 6. William F. Bancroft, J. W. Plaisted. " 7. Edward I. Comins. '" 8. Henry Mellen, William L. Robinson. The following are the names of some of the other municipal officers : Edward I. Comins. Terms Expire January, 1888. Ward 1. Henry C. Wheaton, Jos. P. Cheney, jr. " 2. William W. Scott. " 3. William J. Ratigan, James C. Luby. " 4. James Early. " 5. Patrick J. Quinn, William O'Connell. " 6. Lyman A. Ely. " 7. Arthur E. Dennis, Charles F. Mann. " 8. Cephas N. Walker. City Solicitor, Auditor, - - . City Clerk, Treasurer and Collector, Deputy Collector, ... City Engineer, ... Commissioner of Highways, Superintendent of Public Buildings, City Physician, ... Superintendent of Sewers, Frank P. Goulding. Henry Griffin. Enoch H. Towne. William S. Barton. Reuben Champion. Charles A. Allen. Luciau B. Stone. Charles H. Peck. Lemuel F. Woodward. - R. H. Chamberlain. 70 CITT or WORCESTER. These officers are chosen annually in January by the City Council, with the exception of the- Deputy Collector and City Physician, the former being appointed annually by the Treasurer and. Collector, and the latter appointed tri-annually in January by the Mayor and Aldermen. Registrars of Voters, the City Clerk, ex-officio, Enoch H. Towne, Republican ; Francis Plunkett^ Democrat, (term expires May 1, 1888); George H. Mellen, Republican, (term expires May 1, 1886)-, Richard Matthews, Democrat, chairman, (term expires May 1, 1887.) This Board was established by act of Legislature of 1884. Two members are appointed from, each of the largest two political parties, triennially in March or April by the Mayor and Aldermen. Park Commissioners, Edward W. Lincoln, (term expires May 1890); O. B. Hadwen, (termi expires 18S9); Stephen Salisbury, (term expires 1887); J. Evarts Greene, (term expires May 1886. > Appointed by the Mayor for a term of five years. EESIDENCK OF HON. GEORGE S. BARTON. Commissioners of Sinking Funds, Edward L. Davis, (term expires January 1, 1889); Henry A. Marsh, (term expires January 1, 1888); Samuel Woodward, (term expires January 1, 1887.)' Chosen by concurrent vote triennially. The following standing committees consisting of two Aldermen on each committee, arc appointed by the Mayor: Assessments for Street Betterments; Assessments for Sewers; Enrollment;, Bills in Second Reading; Elections and Returns. Standing Committees appointed by the President of the Common Council, and consisting each. of three members of the Common Council, are as follows: Bills in Second Reading; Enrollment; Elections and Returns. The following joint standing committees of the Board of Aldermen and Common Council are appointed by the Mayor and the President of the Common Council — except the Committee of Public Works and except the Committee on Finance: Fire Department; Finance; Claims; Water; Sewers; Education; Printing; Lighting Streets; Highways and Sidewalks; Charities; Military Affairs; Public: Buildings; Ordinances; Public Works; Mayor's Inaugural and Unfinished Business. Finance: to the joint standing committee on Finance the Board of Aldermen elects two members,, and the Common Council three members ; the Mayor and the President of the Common Council are: members ex-ofiBciis. CITY OF WORCESTER. 71 YOUNG MEN'S CHKISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING. Erected 1886. Public Works: the joint standing committee on Public Works is composed of the chairmen, both on the part of the Aldermen, and of the Common Council, of the Committees on Water; on Sewers; on Highways and Sidewallis; ou Fire Department; and on Lighting Streets; with the Mayor and the President of the Council, each ex-offieio. The Mayor is also a member of the joint committees on Claims, Education, Water and Sewers. 72 CITY OF WORCESTER. Police Department. Appointed by the Mayor and Aldermen in January. Central Police Station, Waldo Street. City Marshal, W. Ansel Washburn; Assistant Marshals, Friewaldau C. Thayer, Amos Atkinson; Captain Night Police, David A. Matthews. Station No. 2, Lamarline Street. Day Sergeant, S. W. Kanger; Night Sergeant, Mathew J. Walsh; Probation Ofhcer, Amos Atkinson; Inspectors, Reuben M. Colby, Patrick O'Day. There are seventy-one patrolmen. Twenty constables are appointed annually by the Mayor. Fire Department. The offices are at Engine House, 10 Bigelow Court. The ofBcers are chosen annually in Decem- ber, by City Council, in convention. Chief Engineer, Simon E. Coombs; Assistant Engineers, Edwin L. Vaughn, George S. Coleman, Carl E. Noyes, Henry E. Robbins ; Clerk, George S. Coleman. There are fifteen companies and sixty-six alarm boxes. Fire Alarm Telegraph : the Fire Alarm Telegraph is under charge of joint standing com- mittee on Fire Department. Superintendent, Charles M. Mills. The telegraph, which cost $17,000, was accepted by the city in 1871. "Alarm is given instantly from the Alarm Boxes to the office of the Fire Department, to each of the engine houses, to the house of each engineer, and at the police office, the number of taps indicating the box from which the alarm is given." Worcester Protective Department. Insurance Fire Patrol. This organization was ■jicorporated in 1875. Charles B. Pratt is the President. It is supported by the Insurance Companies doing business in Worcester, for the protection of property from damage by fire and water. Two Babcock Extinguishers are carried, also forty rubber covers, brooms, pails, sponges, etc., etc. Street Lights. Worcester has 702 gas lamps; 1,373 oil lamps, supplied with naptha; and 76 electric lights. Total cost of lighting streets in 1S85, including repairs and new posts, was $.54,129.01. City Transit. Convenient and varied means of city transit are supplied by street railways, stages and omnibus lines. Beautiful and attractive as Worcester is, she is not confined within boundary limits. Like oft quoted charity she " '■ begins at home,' but does not stay there." Well known firms in New York and elsewhere are known to have their residences in Massachusetts, and Massachusetts when it Is in this connection literally translated, is often found to mean Worcester. The great variety and extent of her manufactures naturally lead to the establishment of offices and ware houses at great centres where her ministry of use is active in supplying the great markets. Not only does she produce goods in the line of the manufacture of boots and shoes to the value of about $2,.J0O,O0O annually, but her products include a diversity of goods which it is difficult to catalogue briefly. Among her manufac- tures may be mentioned the following: agricultural implements, rolling mill and foundry products, m,achinery, machinist's tools, stone ware, nails, carpets, belting, boilers, machine needles and pegging awls, wire works, horse collars, machine screws and cards, cotton thread, yarn, etc. ; copperas, spin- dles, spokes, steel rails, blankets, felt goods, cotton cards, card clothing, drills, files, cement pipe, water meters, envelopes, musical instruments, firearms and jewelry. CITY OF WORCESTER, That portion of this work devoted to Worcester contains reference to the leading and representa- tive houses engaged in tlie city, afibrding a very forcible illustration of the extensive and varied business interests that are here centered. Special attention is directed to these houses, with the belief that tliey afford exceptional facilities for meeting all demands of trade, and they are all worthy of the fullest and most cordial sujjport. The Worcester Safe Deposit and Trust Company, No. 44.S Main Street. — This important and well-equipped institution was in- corporated in 1869, and since its opening has steadily grown in public favor as a place of abso- lute security for de[)Osits of funds, securities, papers, and valuables of all kinds. Tlie premises occupied are in the four-story building at No. 44S Main street. The property belongs to the company, and is specially arranged for the accommodation of the business. The vault is impregnable to burglars, and vigilantly guarded night and day. It contains a large number of safes, each provided with a special lock and key, and the latter placed in the custody of the renter, who can have ready access to what he may have deposited at any time during business hours. Every precaution is taken to secure immunity from loss, and the concern has never suffered from fraud or imposition. Wills, deeds of property ortrust, mortgages, notes, contracts, powers of attorney, vouchers, certificates, money, plate, jewelry, and personal effects of every description are kept in safe storage for any length of time at a cost that renders the vault of the company the cheapest as well as the best insurance in the world. Under the act of incorporation this company is made a legal depository for administrators, execu- tors, assignees, guardians, or trustees, covirts of law, equity, probate, or insolvency, and they may de- posit or direct any moneys, property, i)apers. docu- ments, or evidences of debt to be depositeiabilities— Reserve (less $4,925.64, the reserve on twelve policies re- issued in Massachusetts Mutual and Travelers), $3,- 140,213.56; claims by death unpaid, none. Total liabilities, $3,140,213,56; surplus, $746,712.40. Total, $3,886,925.96. The securities of this ad- mirably managed company have gained in value, its surplus has increased, and the interest is not over due or uncollected on a single item of its property, amounting to nearlv four millions of dollars. Much of the success of the State Mutual must be ascribed to it-; favorableand liberal methods of dealing with policy holders, the incontestability of its policies, and the prompt paying of all claims without tedious or uncertain delays. The offices of the CJompany are located in its own building. No. 240 Main street, where all details, rates, etc., are cheerfully furnished on application. Bush & Co., Wholesale and Retail Druggists, No. 56 Front Street. — t)ne of the strik- ing instances of a long-lived and still vigorous house in the city of Worcester is the drug estab- lishment of Bush & Co., located at No. 56 Front street. Tiiis house was founded in 1852, in the same store it now occupies, by Messrs William and Harvey Bush, Mr. William Bush succeeding to the sole control in 1856, and still conducts the business under the old firm name. As wholesale and retail druggists the firm long ago became well known and popular throughout the New England States. No house has abetter commercial standing or possesses- finer facililies for supplying the trade. The prem- ises occupied consist of a large store and basement, 90.x20 feet each, provided with every convenience for both the wholesale and retail departments. An immense stock of drugs, druggists' supplies, patent medicines, etc., are carried, together with every novelty comprehended in the range of druggists' supplies, both useful and ornamental, besides roots, herb.s, sarsaparilla, and otherspecialtiesfrom South, and Central .\merica. Among the remedies spe- cially dealt u\ by this house are Newton's cough syrup, and Bush's liver pills, and compound Indiaa pills, of wliich tlic firm are sole proprietors. The retail department is liberally patronized by the people of the city and county, who can rely upon the freshness and purity of the drugs sold and the accuracy of all prescriptions compounded here. Mr. Bush was born in Dudley, Mass., in 1813, and settled here in 1849. He is a practical pharmacist of high standing, and is ably assisted by a corps of clerks who are proficient and popular in attending to all those general duties which make communica- tion with the establishment both pleasant and profitable. W. S. Knig-llt, Real Estate Agent, No. 12 Front Street, Room 7. — Prominent among those who have largely contributed to Worcester's mate- rial development in real estate matters is Mr. W. S. Knight, whose office is located at No. 12 Front street. This gentleman has been actively identified with the real estate interests of Worcester since the establishment of his office here in 1868, and has. developed a connection of the most superior char- acter, including among his customei's many leading; capitalists and investors, and carrying through to ai successful issue many important transactions. He has come to be a recognized authority as to the values of realty in all sections of the city and county, and those investors wlio are guided by his advice and judgment can rely on securing proper- ties that will return a handsome income, and with prospective increase in values. He devotes special attention to the sale, exchange, and lease of houses, farms, building lots, Western lands, timber and wood lots, mills, stores, and business chances, and his lists are the most complete in the city. He possesses unsurpassed facilities fi)r the prompt negotiation of loanson bond and mortgage, and for the safe and judicious investment of money. All trusts committed to his care are in .safe, wise, and clean hands. His patronage is large and influen- tial throughout all the New England States, and extends to all parts of the I'nion. Mr. Knight is a native of Norwich, Mass., and settled here in 1866. His reputation as a citizen is of the highest, and his business standing is one of solidity and honor. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 75 Johnson & Bassett, Manufacturers of Self- Operating Woolen Mules, Self-Operating Jacks, and Self-(-)perating Heads for Jacks, corner Foster and Bridge Streets, formerly No. 18(5 UnionStreet. — For manv vears American woolen-mill ownerswereconi years, where he is highly regarded for his sound business principles and sterling integrity, and well merits the repute and success achieved by him. J. S. Smith, Manufacturer of New Im proved pelled to look to Great Britain for the supply of this I Automatic and Champion Pillow-Sliam Holders necessary machinery; but now, through the energy, ability, and enterprise of our manufacturers, woolen mules and self-operating jacks are produced in the United States fully equal, if not su|)crior, to those manufactured abroad. In this connection special attention is directed to the representative and reli- able house of Messrs. Johnson & Bassett, whose office and factory are located at corner Foster and Bridge streets (formerly at No. 186 Union street). This business was established in 1S7() by Messrs. Johnson & Biissett, and was conducted by them till 1880, when Mr. Joluison died. Mr. Jos. M. Bas- sett, who is now sole proprietor, however, still car- ries on the business under the old style and title of Johnson & B;issett. The premises occupied are very commodious and spacious, (i2xl25 feet, five stories, and areequippedwith all thelatest improved tools, machinery, and appliances known to the trade. Eighty experienced operatives are em- ployed in the various departments, and the machinery is driven by a superior sixty -horse-power steam engine. Mr. Ba,ssett manufactures largely self-operating woolen mules, jacks, and heads for jacks. These specialties are unrivaled for utility, durability, quality, and general excellence, and are the embodiments of mechanical workmanship of the highest order of perfection. The greatest care and scientific researches of years have been exer- cised to bring these machines to their present point of perfection. Mr. Bassett is a native of Vermont, but has resided in Worcester for the last thirty and Kepairer of Sewing-Machines, etc.. No. 88 Front Street.— This enterprising establishment was founded in April, 1885, and it has met with the most marked and encouraging success. The pro- i>rietor is a native of Moultonborough, N. H., was born in 183(i, and lias resided in Worcester since 1875, where he Iuls built up an excellent reputation for energy and ^traightforward dealing. He is the inventor and manufacturer of J. S. Smith's new improved autojnatic and champion pillow-sham holders. These pillow-sham liolders are the result of years of expensive experimental work. They are made in five distinct sizes, namelv, the Common Sense, the Automatic Common Sen.se, the Automatic Extension, the Champion, the ( hampion PIxtension. These goods are manufactured from the very best materials and are finished much better than anv others at corresponding prices. Mr. Smith is also the manufacturer of the standard and magic plaiters, ironing-boards, and bosom-stretchers, the Turkish rug orembroidcry machines, and manv other useful novelties. Mr. Smith also deals in new and second- hand sewing-machines, attachments, and parts, and all kinds of supplies. He also repairs and adjust* all kinds of sewing-machines thoroughly, and guar- antees the work in all cases. He occupies commo- dious premises, employs a staff' of competent work- men, and IS represented in all parts of New F:ngland by fourteen traveling agents. Mr. Smith offers great inducements to agents and jobbers in respect of his various manufactures. 76 CITY OF WORCESTER. Mercliants' ami Farmers' Mutual Fire IiLSurauce Company of Worcester, Mass., John D. VVasliburn, President ; E. B. Stod- eir busuiess in 1874, and from that time until 1S79 tliey were located at No. 5o4 Main street. Since the latter date they have occupied handsomely furnished offices at No. 32 Front street. Since the origin of the business, twelve years ago, the amount of business transacted has been increased over five hundred per cent. The firm issue poli- cies upon all the leading and substantial insurance companies, both home and foreign, in respect of all kinds of insurable property, at the lowest possi- ble rates consistent with security, and all losses are promptly adjusted and paid by the firm. They are the authorized representatives for this district of the following well-known, responsible companies; Scottish Union and National Insurance Company: of Edinburgh, Scotland; Providence Washington Insurance Company, of Providence; New York Bowery Fire Insurance Com|iany, of New York; Transatlantic Insurance Company, of Hamburg, Germany; Orient Insurance Company, of Hart- ford ; Firemen's Insurance Company, of Newark, N. J.; Mechanics' Fire Insurance Company, of Brooklyn; Cambridge Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of Cambridgeport, Mass. ; Hamburg- Bremen Insurance Company, of Hamburg. The co- partners are Messrs. Edwin and L. E. Eldred. Tlie former was born in Falmouth, Mass., in 1818, and the latter in Fairhaven, Mass., in 1845. J. C. Luby, Stoves, Tinware, Crockery, No. 240 Front Street. — With restricted capital Mr. Luby began business in 1871), and ten years after, in 1880, he is to be found in a large and spacious building at No. 240 Front street, where he employs six hands, and carries a fine line of parlor, dining- room, sitting-room, kitchen, bar-room, and hotel stoves, of the most celebrated manufactures, in handsome and unique designs. In the tinware de- partment there is almost every article of liousehold utility that modern genius can invent, and the assortment of crockeryware is very complete. In the glassware department there is almost every con- ceivable pattern of plain, cut, and fancy glassware, heavy decanters, anil colored bottles for bar decora- tions, etc. (_)f woodenware he also carries a large stock. Mr. Luby makes a specialty of bar fixtures. He does tin-roofing and plumbing to order, and promptly attends to job work of every descrijilion. Mr. Luby is a native of Ireland, was born there in 1844. (le came to this country in 1841), and has succeeded in attracting a large local patronage and an extensive trade throughout the State. He is not only a live business man, but is popular socially and politiciUy, being at present a member of the City Councils. J. H. Shattuck, Dealer in Confectionery, Fruits, Fancy (Troceries, etc., No. 78 Park Street. — • One of the most popular places in the confectionery line is the establishment of J. II. Shattuck. He occupies the first floor of a building 25x-50 feet in dimensions, in which he carries a full stock of choice confectionery, made from the purest and best ingredients that can be had in the market, and which comprises every known kind and variety of candy that is found in a first-class store of this character. His stock of foreign ;md domestic fruits cannot be surpassed for variety, quality, and fresh- ness anywhere in the city, while the line of f.incy groceries which he carries challenges comjiarison. He employs from two to three assistants, according to the fluctuations of trade, though the demand for the fruits, groceries, and sweetmeats from this es- tablishment is generally even and steady. Mr. Shattuck is a native of Bakersfield, Vt., located in Worcester in 1865, and embarked in his present en- terprise in 1871. Thomas Monahaii, Dealer in Choice Pro- visions and Meats of all kinds. No. 8 Trumbull Street. — Mr. Monahan first opened his meat and provision market to the public in 18(51. Hisquar- ters, the first fioor and cellar, 25x80 feet in dimen- sions, are commodious, neat, cle;m, and convenient. He employs four clerks, and carries a large stock of vegetables and foreign and domestic fruits. He keeps everything in its proper season, and does not pernut it to become stale or valueless on iiis hands. Everything in the shape of vegetables is kept on sale, which he delivers to any part of the citv. He keeps all kinds of fresh and salt meats, beef, pork, lamb, hams, etc., which he otters at the lowest cash prices. Mr. Monahan is a native of Ireland, hav- ing been born in that country in 1836. He emi- grated to this country in 1846, and with indomit- able perseverance he soon amasseil quite a compe- tency, and embarked in the enterprise herein men- tioned. He is a gentleman of fine social qualities, and has creditably represented his constituents in the City Councils two years. 78 CITY OF WORCESTER. George S. Hatch, Manufacturer of Boots and t^hoe Heels of all Sizes and Heights, Belt, Card, Harness, Kip, and Split, Factory, No. 104 Front Street. — The prejiaration of the materials used in the manufacture of boots and shoes is an industry that is ajjpropriately divided into many branches, and amoni; the most important of such is the pro- duction of boot and shoe heels. In ^\'orcester this interest has reached large proportions, giving em- ployment to a great number of hands and represent- ing the investment of extensive capital. A promi- nent and leading hou.se so engaged is that of Mr. George S. Hatch, at No. 104 Front street. He es- tablished himself in business here in 11S70, and at once received a lucrative trade, which has steadily increased until now it aggregates a heavy amount in value per annum. The factory occupies tlie three iupper floors, giving abundant space for all tlie me- <.'hanical operations. It is equipped with splitting, rolling, and all other necessary machinery, and gives work to about seventy expert artisans. The concern is devoted e.xclusively to the manufacture of all kindsof boot and shoe lieels, and they are in active demand throughout New England. They are made of all sizes and heights and from the finest quality of belt, card, harness, kip, and split leather. A full supply of these goods are kept in stock and all orders are expeditiously tilled. The liouse invites correspondence and is in a position to otter superior inducements to the trade in the way of terms and prices. Mr. Hatch also deals exten- sively in leather remnants. He has resided in this «ity for the past sixteen years, and is so well known in connection with the enterprise he condiicts as to make personal comment unnecessary. In directing attention to the manner in wliich the business is prosecuted and the amplitude of the facilities, it may be properly added tliat the house conmiands the respect and support of the trade at large. Ball & Merrick, Provision Dealers, Waldo Block, No. 209 Main Street. — The business inter- ests of Worcester are of a varied and highly impor- tant character. There is scarcely an industrial pursuit that can be mentioned which is not more or less conspicuously represented in the city, and on a scale of considerable magnitude. Ttie provi- sion trade is one of these interests, and some ex- ceedingly fine goods are kept constantly on hand by Messrs. Ball & Merrick, Waldo Block, No. 209 Main street. This business was established in 1872 by Mr. A. F. Whittemore, who conducted it till September, 18S.5, when he was succeeded by the present copartners, Messrs. A. S. Ball and (.!. V. Merrick. The premises occupied are centrally and conveniently located, and are arranged and fitted with special reference to the trade, which involves the handling of a large cpiantity of meats and pro- visions. It may be safely asserted that in fresh- ness, cpiality, and variety, the stock carried by this reliable firm has no superior in the city. The im- provements that have been devised of late years for the preservation of perishable provisions are found here in successful operation, and these inventions insure at all times freshness and excellent quality. The store is a model of cleanliness and neatness, strict supervision being given to every detail by the partners. Mr. Ball is a native of Balston, Mass., while Mr. Merrick was born in Princeton, Mass. They are favorably known to the trade and pulilic as excellent judges of provisions, while to their hosts of personal friends, their geniality of tempera- ment and intie.xible integrity are j)roverbial. The equitable manner in which the business is con- ducted, as well as the excellent quality of the stock, are guarantees sufficiently obvious why deal- ers and the public would favor their own interests by giving their orders to this responsible house. Fuller & Delano, Architects, No. 452 Main Street, People's Savings Bank Building. — The de- velopment and progress of the material resources and wealth of the city of Worcester have created a demand for architectural talents of the highest order. Prominent among those architects who have made a special study of this ennobling art is tlie well-known and reliable firm of Fuller & De- lano, whose offices are centrally located at No. 452 Main street, in the People's Savings Bank building. This business was established in l.sOti by Mr. James E. Fuller, who conducted it till 1877, when he admitted Mr. Ward P. Delano into partnership, the firm being known by the style and title of Fuller lS: Delano. They are both th(U-oughly qual- ified architects, and have executed some of the most important commissions in their ]n-ofession, not only in Worcester and its vicinity but in all parts of the Eastern States, designing and superintending the constr\iction of many prominent buildings. Many of the edifices erected by them are much admired for their beauty, while the elaboration of detail and care bestowed on every department of their work reffect tlie utmost credit upon the ability and skill of this reliable firm. Messrs. Fuller & Delano transact a general line of business, includ- ing all branches of the profession, and possess com- modious offices and draughting rooms, where a num- ber of able assistants are enqiloycd in the prepara- tion of plans. They are at all times prejiared to give estimates and cheerfully furnish plans. Mr. Fuller was born in Warwick, Mass., while his partner, Mr. Delano, is a native of Marion, Mass. Both partners are highly esteemed by the commu- nitv, and are personally conversant with the growth and wants of Worcester. Mann & Knight, Dealers in Coal, Offices, Nos. 426 Main Street, corner Pleasant, 69 Grafton Street, corner Winter; Yard, (iroton Street. — One of the liveliest business houses in Worcester is that owned and conducted by Messrs. Mann it Knight, who are extensive dealers both wholesale and retail in coal. The firm established this business in 1878, and have ever since met with a large public recog- nition and patronage. Their business premisescon- sist of two offices, one at No. 426 Main street, cor- ner of Pleasant street, and the other at No. 09 (xrafton street, corner of Winter street, and the coal yard itself, which covers an area of two ai'res. The office at the corner of Main and Pleasant streets is the head office of the firm, and is 25x^0 feet in di- mensions. Employment is given to eighteen hands, I and the firm enjoy a large city and county trade. All the best kinds of coal are sold by ■Messrs. Mann & Knight, and all orders are attcided to ).irc)mi>tlv and satisfactorily. They are enabled, with their i excellent facilities, to offer inducements which are j readily appreciated by their patrons. The members of the'firm, Messrs. Charles F. Mann and Henry A. j Knight, are both natives of Worcester. Both are well known in the city as reliable and substantial merchants. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 79 McDerin<»tt & Bolaiid, Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, Furnishing (ioods, etc., No. "Jti Front Street. — Among the prominent and reliable dry .goods establishments in Worcester, that of Messrs. McDermott & Boland takes important rank. It was opened to the public in 1S7!I, and has steadily grown in popularity and strength, its trade now Jbeing widely distributed through the city and sur- rounding territory. They occupy the whole of the first tloor, 100x24 feet in dimensions, witli a base- ment of corresponding size used for purjioscs of .storage. The salesroom is handsomely and appro- priately fitted up, and every convenience has been provided for tlie exhibition of stock and the benefit of visitors. The lines carried embrace dry goods, silks, dress goods, hosiery, gloves, laces, embroide- ries, notions, furnishing gi>ods, and articles of a kindred character in great abundance and variety. The firm have the best anhi.ce a large portion of the wholesale business is transacted, and have a retail yard on the corner of Soutbbriilge and Hammond streets, in this city. This yard is contiguous to the Norwich railroad, and is an acre in extent. It is fitted up with shedding for the storage of coal, and with every appliance and convenience for the hand- ling of stock. Thirty hands are employed in the business, and both wholesale and retail orders are promptly filled at the lowest market prices. Mr. Fred. W. Wellington is the sole proprietor. He is a native of Shirley, Mii,ss., has resided in Worcester since 1854, is a gentleman of large ex- perience in the business, to which he devotes his personal attention — advantages well worthy the consideration of dealers and private consumers, who will find the house a mo.st desirable one with which to form business relations of a pleasant and enduring character. Stephen C. Earle, Architect, Jonas G. Clark's Building, No. 492 Main Street.— One of the most prominent architects in Worcester, whose name is widely and favorably known through the New England States, is Mr. Stephen C. Earle. He established himself in business here in 1866, and has pursued a successful and prosperous career, each year adding materially to the volume of busi- ness. Mr. pjarle has done some very inq)ortant and valuable work in Massachusetts and adjoining States, and he has reared many imposing struc- tures that attest his skill, judgment, and taste. The following is a partial list of buildings erected by him, namely: .Vll Saints' Church, Central Church, Technical School, all in Worcester; the Slater Memorial Building, Norwich, Conn.; Park Church, Norwich, Conn.; the Goodnow Memorial Library, Princeton, Mass.; the Slater Library, Jewett City, Conn.; the Rogers Free Library, Bristol, R. I.; the Lynn Library, Monson, Mass.; Lincoln Square Bap- tist Church, Worcester. Mr. Karle makes plans and specifications, and gives estimates for work of any magnitude, and is reasonable in his prices. He is a native of Leicester, Mass., but has lived iu this city for many years. 80 CI TY OF WORCESTER. John F. Crowell, Insurancf, No. 344 Main Street. — The fire insiinuiceooiiiijuniesof tlie United States must always take a pruniinent place as insti- tutions benelicent, practical, and indisiiensable to the present state of civilization. One of the leading- houses engaged in this bnsiness in the city of Wor- cester is that of ilr. John F. Crowell, whose office is located at No. o44 Main street. This business was establislicd in 1876, and during the present year Mr. (.'rowell purcha.sed the interest of Mr. S. A. Ilowland in the insurance bnsiness (established is.").") I, and also tlie interest of Mr. K. i^ Uawson, and united the business of tlieir agencies with that of his own, succeeding them by appointment as agent for Worcester and vicinity for other Hrst- class companies. He is thus prepared by these increased facilities to oiler safe and relialjle insu- rance in the best stock and nuitual companies. Mr. Crowell represents the following first-class com- panies, viz. : Middlesex Mutual, of Concord ; Mer- rimack Mutual, of Andover; Dorchester Mutual, of Boston; Norfidk Mutual, of Dedham ; Dedham Mutual, of Dedham ; Worcester Mutual, of ^Vor- cester ; Merchants' and Farmers' Mutual, of Wor- cester; West Chester, of New York; Kocliester German, of Rochester, X. Y. ; Clinton, of New York; Girard, of Philadelphia; Fire Insurance Company of the County of Philadelphia, of Phila- delphia, and several others. As a practical and experienced underwriter Mr. Crowell otters sub- stantial inducements and advantages to the public, including low rates and liberally drawn policies, while all losses sustained are equitably adjusted and promptly paid through this agency. Mr. Crowell is prepared to take the entire cluirge of the insurance of large mill and factory prop- erties, mercantile and dwellings, placing and dis- tributing risks among sound companies only, renewing policies wlien expired, and generally re- lieving the business community of all care and trouble in this important respect. He is a native of Waterville, Me., and a member of the Board of Underwriters of the city of \Vorcester. E. G. Hig-grins & Co., Art Wall Papers, No. 284 Main Street. — The trade in wall papers necessa- rily holds a very important place in the business inter- ests of every city. The leading house in Worcester engaged in this industry and one of the prominent members of the local mercantile fraternity is that of E. G. Higgins & Co. Founded in 187o, the career of the concern has been remarkably jirosper- ous, heav}' orders now being received from all por- tions of the State, together with a very extensive city jjatronage. A commodious four-story brick building is occupied, ISxSO feet in dimensions, and supplied with every necessary facility. The ex- perienced judgment of the projirietors is well illus- trated in the high character and quality of the goods carried, distinguished for a uniform superi- ority in design and finish. Consignments are re- ceived from the best American and Em-opean sources, the most novel and artistic productions being displayed in abimdance. Messrs. Higgins & Co. carry at all times a full stock of the latest patterns and novelties, which they offer to patrons at the very lowest market prices. The members of the firm are E. G. and F. E. Higgins, natives of Worcester county, and gentlemen of energy, pro- gressiveness, and liberality. Duncan, Gootlell & Co., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Hardware, No. 4U4 .Main Street. — The house of Duncan, Goodell tk Co. is one of tlie oldest, best known, and most extensive whole- sale and retail hardwai-e establishments in Worces- ter that have been all powerful in building up its large and ever-increasing trade. The business was founded by C. Foster & Co. as far back as 184(J, and its subsequent history is an even and unbroken record of success. The present firm, which consists of H. P. Duncan and Jolin B. Goodell, was organ- ized and assumed control in January, 1881, having been members of the original firm for twenty years previous. The premises occupied comprise the salesroom and basement, each 28x128 feet in di- mensions, together with three large rooms on the ujiper floors, which are used for pur|)o.ses of sur- plus storage. The stock embraces builders' and gen- eral hardware, shelf goods, locksmiths' and butch- ers' supplies, mechanics' tools, table and pocket cutlery, etc. The firm handle heavy quantities of both home and imported goods, and in consequence of their extensive purchases have been able to efl'ect sjiecial arrangements with manufacturers wliereby the assurance is given that the quality of the productions is the best and the prices always the lowest. Both the retail and wholesale depart- ments are conducted with judgment and ability. The trade comes from all parts of the tributary territory, and its volume is being steadily aug- mented. Mr. Duncan was born in North Brook- field, and Mr. Goodell is a native of Halden, Mass. They are prominent, responsible men, and have earned and enjoy the confidence of the trade. The Sanitary Improvement Com- pany, Proprietors of Howe's Patent Automatic Filters, Faucets, and Improved System of Water Appliances, Worcester Office, No. 33 Pearl Street, E. W. Bemis, Agent ; Chas. N. Prouty, President. — Special attention is directed in this industrial review to the " Sanitary Improvement Comiiany," proprietors of Howe's Patent Automatic Filters, etc. This company was duly incorporated in 1885 under the laws of Maine, with a capital ofS2.J0,000. The following gentlemen are the officers, viz. : Chas. N. Prouty, president ; Joseph W. Temple, secretary and treasurer ; Henry M. Tower, superin- tendent ; E. W. Berais, Worcester agent. The works at Spencer, Mass., are equipped with all modern machinery, tools, and appliances. The com|iany has opened an office in Boston, at No. 27 l)cvonsliire street. As sole proprietors of Howe's Patent Automatic Filters, Faucets, and Improved Sy.stem of Water App!iances,theSanitary Improve- ment Company has gained an enviable re]iutation, owing to the ease and efficiency with which all im- purities, such as lime, clay, chalk, etc., arc removed from water b)' its superior specialties, making it absolutely pure andfree from deleterious substances. This system and the appliances are constructed upon new and most approved sanitary principles, and have no superiors in this comitry or Euro])e. Seeing the advantage of a representation in Wor- cester, the company opened a branch in this city imder the able management of E. W. llemis, who is a thoroughly practical mechanic, and promptly supply all necessary plans and specifications. Those interested entering into business relations with the "Sanitary Improvement Company" will find all transactions not only pleasant but profitable. LEADING MAmiFACTURERS AXD MF.RCrTANTS. U The People's Saving-.s B.iitk, No. 452 M.iiu Street. — Tiie People's .S.iviiigji Kiiilc is one of the stroiigeit, ra)ot Uoel'iil, aid pnj.speniui institu- tions in Worcester. Tlie ban'.i was injorporated M.iy l.itli, Ij ii.anJ b/ tlieen-jr^'y, t'aitlifulnesstotlie interests of tlie depositors, tinJ tlie souni and jiidi- cioas business priujiples governing its nunage- m nit, lias acliieved widi popularity and reared a saperstructure of sym.nitry and power. It is plainly a savings b.ui!c, free fr.jm tlie varied and coinple.x transj.i;tioiis appertaining to tlie character of other finmeial co.i^erns, and the close personal attentim of all wlio exercise executive authority is given to the preservation of the ri;;hts and interests of tlioie whose nuney it holds. Deposits are received in sums from §1.1) ) to iil,O0:). Dividends are p.iyable on Febru iry 1 ")th and August 1.5tli of each year, and where they are allowed to remain are credited as deposits. The statement of the People's SavinT;s liink, as published in February of the present year, 1336,shaws it to be in a most flourish- ing and substantial condition. The Hgures are as follows: Statement; Liabilities — Deposits, 64,395,- 7i7.86; Dividend No. 43, )S)0!2,593.2i; guarantee fund, $j5,oS7.-51; profit and loss, $10,61)3.43; sus- pense account, SJ.Ol'J.'Jl; total, $4,o9S,.>57.99. Assets —Public funds, market value, §485,742.00; r.iilroad bonds, market value, !!i502,o45.50; bank stock, mirket value, $5lS,-')l').35; loans on real estate, §l,o71,19j.O:i; loans on personal security, $.)}5,05'i.O.); loans to cities and towns, So3,600.(IO ; all otlier loans, §1,02").0J; real e.state, bank build- ing, $57,30^.24; realeitate, by foreclo.sure.S 13,529.67; interest, $52,303.10; cash in bank.s on interest, S10J,471.57; cash on hand, $14,473.57; total, :$4,69S,294.S9. E.xcessof assets, $17,736.90; guarantv fund, $98,537.51; profit and loss, $10,663.43; sur- plus, $2)),937.S7. The oficers, managers, and Boards of Auditors an 1 Investment are; President, Samuel R. Heywood; vice-presidents, Calvin Fos- ter, Aug. N. Carrier, William W Rice, Sumner Pratt, Thomas M. Rogers, I'hilip L. Moen ; mana- gers, Henry A. Mirsh, Warren Williams, Harlan P. Duncan, James P. Hamilton, Charles K Whit- ing, John S. Bildwin, E l.vard W. Vaill, Horace Wyman, Samuel D. Nye, Francis K. Oaskill, I'heo- dire C. Bates; clerk, Henry C. Rice; Board of Investment, Samuel R. Hevwood, Calvin Foster, .Vug. N. Currier, Thomas M. Rogers, Edward W. Vaill, Warren Williams, Samuel D. Nye; Board of .Vu litor.s, James P. Hamilton, Francis A. Gaskill, John S. Baldwin; C. M. ISent, treasurer; Fred- erick Kimball, teller and bookkeeper; Fred. W. White, asst. bookkeeper; H. B. Fairbanks, clerk. They are severally men of ability, honor, and integ- rity. The building occupied is a sjilendid four- story marble front structure, and one of the must eligible sites in the city. The o'iice hours are from nine to one, and two to four on all davs except Saturdays, when the bank is open from nine to one and six to eight. GRorjre W. Shillaber & Co., Jobbers and Retailers of Wall Papers, Curtains, etc., No. i 3i Front Street. — Among the houses engaged in j the above important business in this citv may be presented the establishment of Messrs. (renrge W. Shillaber & Co., who;e premises are located at No. 34 Front street. This bouse was founded in 1876 bv Mr. (xeorge W. Shillaber, who was Inrn in Pea- body, Mass., in 1S42, and died in March, 1884. Since his death the business has been successfully conducted by his widow, Mrs. Shillaber. The prem- ises occupied CO, uprise the lir.^t lloor and basement, each of whicli has an area of 3 Jx 130 feet. The store is fitted u|) in a rich and higlily artistic manner. The line of goods carried cannot be surpassed, and include all the pre.se.it staples and novelties iu tlie trade. Among those may be jiarticularized the fashionable gold, silver, and bron'.e .styles at present in vogue, as well as many other styles too numer- ous to mention. The stock carried is replete with the best and most reliable papers in the tr.ide. The business done is very large and widespreading. It is not only the headquarters for wall papers of all feet in dimensions, vvitli siiacious basement, giving ample room for all the multiplied operations of the establishment. An immense stock is c^arried of hats, caps, furs, and liorse blankets, which in quality and variety is not equaled by ( hat of any competitive house in the city. Mr. Kendall manufactures all the silk hats he liandles except the makes of celebrated producers, which he is compelled to liandle out of regard for the wishes of his customers. Furs of all descrip- tions for ladies anil gentlemen are manufactured, and these productions are widely preferred on account of their reliable quality and tlie elegance with which they are made. Mr. Kendall is pre- pared lo (ill all orders expeditiously and at the very lowest prices. Horn in Boylston, Mass., in 1829, Mr. Kendall has been a resident of Worcester since l'>4'i, and is a most valuable member of the commercial comnnnnty. Divi.sion No. 43, N. E. P. Union, Fine Groceries, No. 24 Front Street; Samuel A. Pratt, Agent. — This enterprise was founded in 1847 by Mr. Samuel A. Pratt, as the agent of the New England Protective Union, and it represents one lumdred and tliirfv members of the L'nion. The business was started with a ca|utal of ?i7llO, in Newton's Block, on Front street, and it was removed to its present locatimi at No. 21 Front street in January, 1S78. The house has a trade amonntiiig to over $l.iO,OOll a year, and this is constantly increasing. The premises occupied comprise the (ir.st floor and basement of the building, together with a storehouse in the rear 110xl!"< feet in dimensions. The store is very tastefully fitted up ami admirably arranged, and the exigencies of the business require the con- stant services of nine competent assistants. The stock embraces a full and complete line of staple and fancy groceries, teas and coft'ees of the tinest brands, canned goods in great variety, table delica- cies of every desci'iiition, etc.; and a specialtv is made of handling all the leading |iatent medicines of acknowledged merit. The facilitiesof the house for jn'omptly Idling orders are of the most arn]de char.icter, and the honse has the reputation for dealing in the best quality of goods at the lowest prices. The house has a large patronage and its business relations are widespread. Mr. Pratt was born in Shrewsbury, Mass., in 1S22, and he has been a resident of Worcester since October, ISlfi. He is widely known and is very jiopnhir in the commu- nity. Tn conclusion we m;iy say, that the business is conducted iipon princijdes of liberal ami fiir dealing, ami onr readers can rest assured of meeting with such treatment at the hands of Mr. Pratt and his assistants as is in keeping with an honorable record of nearly fortv vears. Charles S. Redding: & Co., Dealers in Wool Waste, Woolen Rags, etc.. No. 2 Bigelow Court, Front Street. — In every manufacturing in- dustry there is always unavoidably more or less waste, (U-, at all events, material useless for that I jiarticnlar industry. It is, therefore, collected and solil til those who may put it to some good use. In the manufacture of woolen goods there is much of this waste which is entirely useless to sjiin into yarn, and if an attempt sliould be made to do so the fabric would be of the most [loor and valueless I description. There is also much of the wool \va te which, if well worked and spun with wool, will ; make smoother and better yarn than wool alone, ; and give a better linish and feeling to the g-ods. j Among those who receive this wool waste and Hock j are Messrs. Charles S. liedding A: ( 'o., who f. ,unded their enterprise in Octolier, 1885, and have since built up a large and pros]ierous business. The firm receive consignments of wool waste from the many mills in the New Enghind States, and sell thesame on commission to manufacturers of shoddy, felts, etc. (Joods made tip from this material enjov a popularity and coriimand a large sale all iiver the country. The firm are .-ilso the New England agents for ti. W. Patton & Co., for the sale of woolen rags. The iiremises occnpieil for the busi- ness comprise the third Door, which is 75x40 feet in dimensions, of the building No. 2 Bigelow court. Three clt'rks are employed, and the house has every facility for jiromptly and satisfactorily (illing all orders. The linn have quickly secured a leading jmsition in this |)articiihir business. Mr. Redding, the acting member of the llrm, is a native of tliis city, and a young man of great energy and enter- prise. Ciittins- & Bishop, Building Contractors, Foster Street, formerly No. ",1 ( 'entral Street. — The field of enterprise for the erection of extensive build- ings and public works is of great dimensions in the Fnitcd States. American building contractors have fully kept jiace with the demand, and iiroininent among the comparalive few in Worcester who have by force of merit become noted for the success with which they have invariably accomplished every i undertaking is the reliable firm of JMessrs. CuttiugA Bishop, whose otlice and worksho|is are located at ! Foster street, formerly No. 81 Central street, 50x70, and four stories with basement. This business was established in 187U by Mr. J. W. Bishoji, who cnn- ' ducted it till 1S81, when the present firm was organ- ized under the style and title of Cutting i\: Bi-liop. The partners, Messrs. G-. II. Cutting and ,1. W. i Bishop, have had great experience as building con- tractors, and have carried to a successful conqile- [ tion many important edifices, intluilingsome of the I finest mills in New England and elsewhere. They possess every facility and give cnqiloyment con- stantly to two hundred skilled workmen. Messrs. Cutting A Bisho]i are preiiared at all times to con- tract for the re]iair and .-ilteration of old premises, and the erection of new buildings of every descrip- '' timi, and can always be relied upon to spare no time or pains to fulfill the expectations of their patrons. Mr. ( 'utting is a native of \'ermont, while his partner. Mr. Bishop, was born in Rhode Island. .\s building contractors they undertake the erection of the mosi extensive and difficult works, and no more honorable, rcli.ible, andsnceessful builders can I be found in the ranks of the profession. 84 CITY OF WORCESTER. Pentecost Steam Generating- Com- pany, Xo. loG Union .Street ; Wm. II. Sawyer, Pres- ident; L. L. Wliitney, Secretary and Treasurer. — The use of steam for warming buildings liaslatterly become well under- st'iod. The old lire- place, though a valu- able au.xiliary for ven- tilation, cannot be de- pended on for warming purposes. The hot-air furnaces, with theirlong train of evils, are giving way rapidly to steam. Special attention is di- rected to the Pentecost Steam Generating (om- l)anv,which was founded in iss4 by Mr. \V. A. Pentecost, who retired in 1885, when the pre- sent company was duly incorporated, 1 he fol low- ing being the oihcers, viz.: \Vm. H. Sawyer, president; L. L. Whitney, secretary and treasurer. The Pentecost steam generator is made from the best materials, simple in construction, durable and economical. It has been the aim of the proi>rictor3 n )t 10 produce the cheapest heater in the niarlcet, but the best, and those intending to use steam for heatin:! cannot do better than give a thorough e.v- iiraination to the Pentecost steam generator, which is absolutely unrivaled for ellicicncy and excel- lence. The lirst co-t of stich an apparatus is small compared with the cost of ab lildiug, and when put into the s?.ile agiinstother iteuuof show every pru- dent man will d^^oide in favor of steam warming by means of the Pentecost steam generator. Messrs. Sawyer and Whitney, the officers of the company, are iii','lily esteemed for their business capacity and integrity. Those desirous of securing a steam gen- erator will find that the Pentecost wUl give better satisfaction than any other in the market. Reinboltl & Marsh, Manufacturers, Whole- sale an 1 Reuiil Dealers in Pure C mfectionery. No 511 Main Street and Xo. 21 .VUen Court ( Franklin Square). — Probably no business lias had a more rapid growth during the past fifty years than the ramufucture of confeclionery, and this is mainly due to the energy and enterprise of the manu- facturers of the article. The leading house en- gaged in this business in Worcester is that of Msssrs. Reinbold & Marsh, ra inuficturers, whole- sale ani retail dealers in pure confectionery, lo- cated at No. -all Main street and No. 21 Allen court. This house was founded i i 1870 under its present style, and the business has been conducted with the greatest ability, enterprise, and skill, re- sulting in a large and inluential trade throughout the citv and county. They occupy a fine, large store and bi^ement, 2ox00 feet each, the manu- facturing department being equiii|ied with nil t'le latest appliances kn iwn to the trade and furnish- ing employment to ten skilled h inds. Purity has ever been the main essential witli the goods of this house, and the advantases of dealing witli an cstab- lisiiment where none but the purest and best coods are manufactured or sold are at once manifest to both dealers and consumers. The largest and best assortment of candies and confectionery in the city is always to be found here, and sold at (irices which add greatly to the popularity of the house, A specialty is made cf'Iar Cough Drops and Peerless Cough Drop.s. The members of the firm are Messrs. A, J. Keinbold and C. !•'. Marsh, both able, practi- cal business men, enterprising and honorable in all their mercantile transactions, and well worthy of the confidence and patronage of the general public. H. T. Farrar, Eeal Estate and Mortgages, No. ."ST Main Street.— No financial interest of AVorccstcr isof such paramount iniportanceasthat involved in real estate, which has more than held its own with conservative capitalists as the best form of invest- ment security — which depends, however, upon the choice of eligibly situated iiro]!crty, and there is no safeguard better fiu' investors than the securing the benefit of the sound judgment and practical experi- ence of one of our responsible real estate houses. Prominent among the number thus referred to is that of Mr. H. T. Farrar, No. oS7 Main street. This business has only recently been establislicd bv Mr. Tarrar, who is a thoroughly ])ractical business man; and having been a resid(nt of Worcester for the last twenty-one years, possesses an intimate knowledge of the residential and business .sections ' of the city and iis vicinity. Mr. Farrar gives care- \ ful attention to the sale, e.xchange, purchase, and I letting of properties, and to the collection of rents. He hUewise makes a specialty of the care and man- agement of estates, and gives them the closest atten- tion, securing responsible tenants, eflectinj,' repairs in the most judicious manner, and generally main- faiuing all properties placed in his hands at the highest standard. As anegotiatorof loans on bond and mortgage he liae met with marked success. Merchants and manufacturers desirous of disposing of their busii;ess or persons wishing to purthase receive prompt attention. Mr. Farrar possesscss j ample facilities and connections for conducting all I operations under the most favorable auspices, and is always prepared to render his customers everv possible advantage. He is a native of Princeton, Mass., and is highly regarded in mercantile life for j his ability and integrity. His varied experience, j keen appreciation of valucs]>rcsent and j)ro,spective, together with a large acquaintance with business men, render his services peculiarly valuable to \ parties dealing in realties, and any btisincs.s in- trusted to his care is always faithfully and hcnor- ably attended to in every partirular, Mr. Farrar has been appointed agent for the Western Farm Miu'tgage Company of Fav.rencc, Kansas, a ecmi- pany with a capital of over a quarter of a million dcdlars, with a reputation as one of the most reliable institutions in the country for negotiating real estate loans in the West, the statement being made that they have been in business over ten years and have loaned millionsof dollars in that time without losing a dollar for their customers. The investor holds all the papers, such a.s the application, abstract of title (from the government down to the borrower', mortgage deed and note; besides this the comjiany guarantees the princi]\d and interest at the rate of six per cent net to the investor, interest pav.able semi-:innually. Investors can in- vent in these mortgajes stmis from .S200 upward. He is also a^ent for the Texas Loan .-\gency, which has a paid in capital of i!200,000 and guarantees ■ eight per cent, to investors. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 86 Klchard Healy, New York Suit and Cloak Stoiv, MaiuifacUirer and KetaLltr of Ladies' and Cldldroii's Cloakd and fiuits, Ko. 512 JIaiii .Slrett. — Worcester lias long been noted fortlie enterprise and energy of its mereliauts and mannfaetur- ers, li'.it in no brancli of industrial activity has greater progress b^eu made tiuni in the production of ladies' and children's cloaks and suits. This is abundantly demonstrated to any one who inspects the fnhionably manufactured specialties of Mr. Kichard Ilealy, l>^ew York ."^nit and Cloak Store, No. 'iVl Main Street, and reali/.es fioru a practicsl test the exquisite style and elegant hnish of all gar- ments leaving this establishment. This business was established by Mr. Ilealy in 1832, since which period lie has built up a large and perinauont trade from the refined and inlhiential classes of the city and its vicinity. The premises occupied comprise an extensive store and ba.seiiient, 2-3x12.5 feet in diu.eiision.s, fully equipped with every appliance and facility for the accommodation and dis[ilay of the large and valuable stock. The store is supplied with electric lights, and is one of the mo-it elegant in the city. Mr. Ilealy manufactures largely ladies' and children's cloaks and suits, which are made after the latest Paris fashions, and forquality, slyle, and excellence are absolutely uiisurp;u>sed by those produced by the leading houses of Boston, New York, or i^hiladelphia. Tlie latest novelties in ladies' walking jackets are found here in great va- riety, all quoted at unusually low prices. Thirty experienced assistants, etc., are employed, and it is the earnest dejire of the proprietor to merit by the strict principles of e(piity a continuance of the liberal support already accorded. Mr. Ilealy was born in Ireland, but has resided in the United States for many years. He is held in the highest estimation by t'ae community for his strict integ- rity and sound business principles, and well de- serves the large measure of success attained by his industry, skill, and energy. Eilwar;! B. Clapi), Fashionable Hats and Fine l'"urnishings, No. 3(i-') Main Street. — A popu- lar headcpiarters for the gentlemen of Worcester in the line of hats, caps, and furnishing goods is the establishment of Mr. Edward 15. Clapp, at No. oli-j Main street. This gentleman established himself he'-e in 1882, and has become well and favorably kn'i'.vn as an extensive dealer in fashionable hats and line furnishings of all kinds. He occupies a large and handsome store, 2oxC0 feet in dimensions, provided with elegant littings and attractive in all its appointments. The stock is large and complete in all its departments, and consists of the latest styles and most fashionable patterns of hats, cap.s, gloves, neckwear, silk hosiery, dress shirts, Cardigan jackets, waterjiroof coats, silk umbrellas, wedding outfits, party outlits, undergarments, handkerchiefs, mniilers, jiulf scarfs, suspenders, braces, studs, bath robes, athletiegoods, PuUm.an caps, traveling shirts, night shirts, Dcjoinvilles, Pajamahs, silk wristers, seal wrislers, driving gloves, fonr-in-hands, scarf pins, link cuffs, dress collars, canes, and a thousand and one other articles included in a gentleman's outfit and wardrobe, all of which are guaranteed to be as represented, and sold at prices which defy successful competition. Mr. Clapp was born in Worcester thirty-five years ago, is thoroughly enter- prising and progressive in all his business methods, and very popular with the public. Henry Walker, Dealer in Furniture. Carpets, S;ove.s, Kanges, and Ilousefurnishing Cioods, JNos. 22-5 and 22/ Main Street. — Prominent among the e.xtensive houses in Worcester dealing in furniture, carpets, and other articles of houseiio d necessity is that of Mr. Henry Walker, Xos. 22-> and 227 Main street. It was founded in 186G by II. If. Ames & Co., who were succeeded by the present proprietor in 1880. The house is one of the most substantial and enterprising in the city, and has enjoyed twenty years of unbroken and con- tinued prospe.-ity, conlribuling w ith ability to the wants ot the population and maintaining its high reputation as a most valuable source of supply. A four-story building iso cupied2.'jxl2-jfcet, together with a commodious and well-arranged basement. The entire premises are fitted up conveniently and attractively, and every facility is had for the dis- play and inspection of the large stock, which em- braces furniture, ca pets, stoves, ranges, baby car- riages, ami general Ilousefurnishing goods. Tlie dificjrent lines, while including all the grades for which there is a regular demand, are selected with experienced judgment, particular attention being given to the quality of each article. Mr. Walker has the most favorable arrangements in force with manufacturers, from whom he makes his purchases direct, and buying in large lots he obtainssuch con- cessions as justify him in oli'ering inducements in the way of ]iriccs that make his establishment a popular resort for all who seek the most reliable goods at the minimum of cost. The business is care- fully niaiiagod and all possible a Ivantages are se- cured to customers. The comideteness and variety of the stock, the hiw quotations, and the liberal and honorable methods prevailing make t!ie house a most desirable one with whicli to deal. Mr. Walker is an energetic and responsible trade representative, and deservedly holds the esteem and conhdence of his patrons and the public at large. Waverly House, Nos. 113, 115, and 117 Front Street, and No. 3 rrumbull Street, Henry Hay, Proprietor. — The Waverly House, of Worcester, Mass., was first opened to the public in 1S70 by the present proprietor, Mr. Henry Hay. It is located at Nos. 113, 11.5, and 117 Front street, and No. 3 Trumbull street, a. id is a splendid six-story build- ing, admirably arranged, and contains eighty rooms. The furniture has been selected with great taste, and the utmost care lias been taken with regard to sanitary arrangements. Altogether no expense has been spared in any particular, and this, coupled with the experience and practical knowledge dis- played in the general arrangements, has resulted in as near perfection in all dct:iils as can be desired. In the management of the Waverly everything has been reduced to a complete system, and the cuisine of the house leaves nothing to be desired. Everything of the best thai the market can furnish is to be found in the menu, and the stock of wines anil liquors is jirocurcd dircitfrom the most famous houses. The halls and corridors are spacious and convenient, while the rooms are commodious, hand- somely furnished, and complete in all their appoint- ments. Horse cars to and from the de|iot ])ass the door, while the rates charged, two to two and a half dollars per day, are remarkably moderate. Mr. Hay is a native of Worcester, and has attained the highest reputation as a liberal-minded and atten- tive host. 86 CITY OF WORCESTER. Jennings «& Hartli.in, Alanufacturers of and Deulurs in tlie Kovul I^teiun Heater, No. ;i3 Pearl .street. — The royal steam heater lias been in use now lor some time, and jjives entire satisfaction in every instance, iimving to be the best, t'lieapest, and most etlifient steam generator in use. it has been demonstrated by nHinerons severe tests to be the most economieal as regards fuel, the most dura ble, and absolutely the safest, being as harmless as the teakettle upon the cook-stove. It is positively free from dust and ooal gas, which arc inestimable advanta','03 from a sanitary point of view. The warmth created by a steam beater is much tiie most healthful, tlie atmosphere being so dilierent from tlie parched dryness peculiar to hot-air healers and such a prolilic cause of lung trouliles. The royal steam lieaters are manufactured of the very best materials, the boilers being made of the best rolled steel plate, and are tested to eighty or one hundred pounds' pressure before being put into use. The construction is simple, jierfect, and the most satisfactory results have been obtained. The grate is of the most improved pattern, shaking the ashes from the centre a.s well as the outside eilge, doing away with the use of any poker; thereby tlie fire can be better regulated, saving a large per- centage of fuel, preventing the escape of coal gas, while the pressure of steam can be better regulated, and there is absolute safety at all times. These excellent and uneqaled lieaters are manufactured by Messrs. Jennings & Ilarthan. The business, although but recently established, has received a verv liberal and substantial iiatronage from the date of its inception, and the trade extends through- out nearly all of the New England States. The premises occupied are large and commodious, and a number of skilled and proficient workmen are constantly employed. The protirietors are both practical and experie'iccd, a id devote their entire attention to every detail of their business, and are prepared to give estimate: free to customers who may require heaters. The individual mem- bers of the lirm are Henry J. Jennings, who is a native of Brookficld. Mass , and Warren 1'. Ilar- than, who was born in (Suilford, Conn. They are noted for their honorable methods and sterling integrity, and whose equitable policy and splendid heating apparatus are creating for them enviable reputations and an ever-widening range of sub- stantial business pro.sperity. A. II. Sears & Co., Ice Order, Ofiice and Ice De[iot, No. 55 Central (Street; Order Office, No. 8 Pearl Street. — Among the active, energetic, and old-established business enterprises in Worcester, and which enjoy a high rcpiuation in the lom- inerciai communily, must be uiinibcrcd that of Messrs. A. II. Sears c\i Co. The o|)eralions of this tirm are very extensive, and necessitate the em- ployment of over thirty hands and a large number of teams. The ofiice and ice dejiot of the firm are located at No. Ti.") Central street, where tliey occupy a building covering an area of 4(1x125 feet. Their order othce is situated at No. 8 Pearl street, and all orders left here will receive prompt attention. Messrs. A. II. Sears & Co. esiablishcd themselves in business fifteen years ago, Mr. A. II. Sears tcm- mencing business in Worcester in IS-IG, and the firm have since steadily bnilt up a large patronage, whicli extends to all parts of the city, and has, during the last ten years, increased fully two liiin- dred and fifty per cent. The firm make a specialty of sujiplying pure, clean, and clear ice, drawing their supplies from the best sources. The prices charged are always reasonable, and customers can rely upon prompt and etiective service. The firm also deals in well-seasoned wood, and sells the same at low prices. The members composing the firm are, Messrs. A. II. Sears and John \. Sears, father and son. The former was born in Sandwich, JIass., in 1822, and has lived in Worcesler since his youth. He is a thoroughly ]iractical business man. Mr. John A. Sears was born in this city in lS-19, and has always lived here. He is an energetic busine,ss man Both gentlemen are held in the highest esti- mation in commercial circles. Worcester Collar Laundry, No. 13 Me- chanic Street, C. B. Cook, Proprietor. — The Wor- cester collar laundry is the largest estalilishment of its kind m thiscity and a most useful and important adjunct to the conveniences enjoyed by the popu- lation. It was founded in 1873, and has been man- aged with such skill, judgment, and success that an extensive patronage is now ministered to in the city and surrounding country. Tlie works aie located at No. 13 Mechanic street, where the fourth iloor is occupied, 50x1(10 feet in area. 'J'lie mechanical equipment embraces the best machinery and de- vices that can be obtained, while employment is given to thirty expert hands. The work is care- fully and systematically directed and the highest order of excellence is uniformly mnintained. Collars and cutis are laundried in the most perfect style and ])articular attention is devoted to shirts and gen- tlemen's underwear. The reputation of the house furnishes a .guarantee that the highest results are always reachcii, and it is an inliexiblc rule with Mr. Cook to allow no goods to leave the establish- ment that are not done up artistically and in the most superior manner. Work is called for and delivered without extra charge in all parts of ilie city, and orders are executed ]iromptly and satisfac- torily. The prices are very moderate, and the con- cern may be depended upon as reliable and respon- sible. A native of Massachusetts, Jlr. Cook has lived in Worcester since 1873. His name is that of an enterprising, progressive, and valuable citizen. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 87 Towne&Co., Maiuifactnrers of rcrforated Sliuct JIutLils, Ko. SI Mechanic f^treet. — Tlie niaii- ufacturiiit; house of Messrs. Towne & Co. was foiinJetl by Mr. A. G. liemau in 184.5. The present tirin succeeded the founder in 1S.")8, were tlie lirst to mechanically introduce the business in Wor- cester, were for many years the only manufac- turers of perforated guilds in the country, and have acquired a very enviable rejiutation throughout the whole country for the superior excellence of their productions. The premises occupied are commodi- ou-', fitted n|) with special reference to the trade, and thoroughly eijnipped with all the latest im- proved and best machinery and tools necessary for the buiiuess. The stock is large and contains a full as ortraent of perforated sheet metals, compris- ing brass, zinc, tin, sheet-iron, and copper. The trade is both wholesale and retail, and extends throughout the United States. Their facilities for producing these wares areiinsnrpa^sed.and they are prepared at all times to execute orders of any magnitude at short notice and most reasonable prices. The individual members of the firm are P. I). Towne, a native of (_'harlton, Mass., and Mr. J. H. Dodd, who was born in lloldin, this State. The_v have resided many years in this city. J. K. Hurtsoil & Co., Proprietors of the Bargain Stiu'e, No. iU'J Main Street, Mechanics' Hall Piuilding. — A popular headquarters in the city is the h irgain store of Messrs. J . E. Hudson ct Co. This firm established themselves here in No- vember, 18.S."), and are widely known as dealers in tinware, crockery, glassware, silver-plated ware, baskets, perfumery, toys, fancy articles, sheet music, etc. The store is large and attractive in all its appointments, 2")xKiO feet in dimensions. One of the most popular features of the establishment is the five-cent counter, the largest in the city, and presenting tlie greatest bargains in a large variety of goods, both nseful and ornamental. Its claims to popular favor and public patronage are readily recognized on inspection, and are heartily appre- ciated by the host of patrons who throng the store from early morn till late at niglit. The patronage is large in both city and country. The goods are sold at astonishingly low prices. Mr. .J. E. Hudson, the active member of the firm, is a native of Ports- mouth, N. II., formerly in business in Boston, and is a young man very popular in the city. James 31. Odie, Jeweler, No. 219 Main Street. — With one of the best stocked and c(piipped establishments in Worcester, Mr. James M. Odie is carrying on an extensive business as a first-class jeweler. Since he founded the business of his house in IS71 Mr. Odie has met with nuicli succc-s. Ills store lias a frontage of 2o feet ami a depth of 75 feet, and it is mo-t attractively arranged, while the business is conducted in the most energetic manner. .V large cellar also forms part of the premises. Mr. (.(die first started in businessat No. Itil Main street, and moved to lii< present commodi- ous quarters in 188"). He carries a large and supe- rior stock of jewelry of all kinds, all his goods being of superior designs and workmanship, while the prices charged are strikingly reasonable. C)ld gold and silver are bought, and special attention is given to repair work. Mr. Odie is a native of this State, having been born in Wrentham, Mass. Dr. II. W. Watkins, Dentist, Suite 115 Walker Building, No. 40-'> Main Street— .A. repre- sentative dental establishment in Wcirccslcr is that of Dr. I [. W. Watkins, whose handsomely furnished parlors are localeil in the Walker building. This gentleman was born at tlrand Isle, \'t., iu 18-'il, and on July 18th, 1874, he started business in this city at No. 22 Pearl street, where he remained until August 1st, 1878, w hen he took possession of his present suite of rooms in the Walker Building. He i-i now the only tenant in the building whooccupied it prior to it being remodeled. Here he occupies three ro'im.s, which are severally 2o.x2o, 80x1."), and loxlO feet in dimensions. These are very liaud- soincly furnished and are reached by an elevator. They are eqniiiped with the latest improved opera- ting-chairs and the best appliances and tools known to the profession. Dr. Watkins is regarded as an expert in his profession. He is a thorough master of every branch of the dental profession, and attends to the cleaning and filling of teeth, the extraction of teeth without causing pain to the patient, and he supplies artificial teeth of the finest and most reliable quality, ease of wear and comfort to the wearer being guaranteed in each case. He has built up a large patronage, not only in the city but in thesnrrounding districts. He is a gentleman of culture and refinement. Proilty Brotlier.s, Stoves, Ranges, Tinware, etc., No. 174 Main Street. — Messrs. Prouty Brothers are extensive dealers in stoves, ranges, tinware, etc., and manufacture all kinds of tin, sheet-iron, and c()pperware to order. The business was first estab- lished in 1883 by Messrs. Locke & .Vnderson, who were succeeded by the present firm in January, 18811. The premises occupied by the business com- prise a fine, large store 2.")xl(-IU feet in dimensions, and a workshop 2")x4lJ feet, po.sse~sing every facility for their large business. The firm aim to keep in stock a full assortment of stoves and ranges, em - bodying all the latest styles and most approved pattern.s, together with a varied line of kitchen furnishing good.s, till and copper ware, etc. .^11 goods are purchased direct from the manufacturers at the lowest rates. In tin, sheet-iron, and copper work they accomplish the best and most thorough work to be found in any locality with entire suc- cess. Si-X hands are employecl. '1 he members of the firm are Messrs. A. \V. and II. Prouty, natives of Bellows Falls, Vt., active, energetic, and practical business men. C A. Bartlett, Meats and Provisions, No. 0.3(3 Main Street. — One of the favorite and popular houses in this city engaged iu the meat and provi- sion trade is that of Air. ('. K. Bartlett. He occu- pies a line store 2")x7U feet in dimensions, and an oIKce, neatly fitted up, 20x2t) feet in size. This business was founded in 1877 by Messrs. I'orter h Carlton, who were succeeded in 1883 by Mr. Bart- lett, who has since built up a large and permanent patronage His store is furnished in an excellent manner, has marble si ib counters, etc., and presents a very attractive appearance. He at all times car- ries a sjilendid stock of moatsand provisions, which he supplies at the most reasonable prices. He has a iinmber of assistants, and every customi-r is as.sured of prompt attendance. .Mr. Bartlett is a native of Shrewsbury, Mass., and is now iu his thirty-first year. 88 CfTY OF WORCESTER. Waldo House, K. N. Start & Co., Pro- prietors. — .\. i)L'r('i.'jt exponent of the truly .\mi;ri- can science of lir.st-clasi hotel kee|]in;,'is the Wa.iio HoUj>3. Wurce.ster i.s oehiliratej in every iielJ of coramsrcinl enter|irise aiiJ indii.-.try, and e~|ieeially S) as rejiuvi, that c nuiile.x and adiuiral)ly man- aged ioititnti in— a tirst-elass hotel. In every way the Waldc) llonse k a re^iresentative establish- ment, sliarinj; erinally with two it three other houses the hi..;h reiintati m as standing at the head of the h;niness in the city of Worcester. The Wal lo House was first opeaeJ to the puhlic by Mr. Charles Lamb, sncceedjd nearly a ihinl of a centnry ag) by .Mr. K. N. Start A; Co. The lication iif the W'a'.d ) House is e!igib c and cen- tral. 'J he bnildings are four st iries in heiglit, admirably arraiged, and ara so constrncte.l as to be fire-;iro jf, andc )ntain nne hnndrel and lifty r.ioms. The halls and c rridors are s|>aoiinis and conve- nient, while the r loms are commodious, comfort- ably and handsomely furnished, .and comolete in all their ai)|> lintments. The cuisine of the Wald i House stands nnriv.iled. The catering fir it is condu'.'te 1 on a basis of liberality that insures the best and choioeit of ever^-thing that the marl;et affiirds, while tlie culinary department is nnd'.'rthe management of an e.xperienced and distinguished chff, inakersKeld, Vt. They are n ted in hitel and cummer, iai circles for their honorable methods and integrity, while in s icial circ es they bear the highest re[iutatiiin as genial and liberal- minded hosts, wh ise guests ever remember with pleasure their delightful and comfortable .stay at the Waldo House. The proprietoi-s in order to accommodate their growing patronage are now erecting an additional building, joining the present building, •22.'c'.MJ feet, and four stories liiuli. This building will be completed in the early fall, and will be specially arranged for the accomraorlation of families. With one hundred and lifty rooms, the Waldo h;is a capacty for two hundred guests. Guests at the Waldo know that the table is nnsur- passed for its abinidance, quality, and .service, anil with the very reasonable rates charged and the splendid aecomunxiations to be furnished, it must become an attractive place for families seeking a substitute for home. To the traveling public the Waldo House has attractions in its rooms and at its table which are rarely enjoyed on the road. C. R. B. Claflin, Artist Photographer, Xo. 377 Main Street.— To Mr. C. R. H. Claflin belongs the honor of conducting the oldest and best pho- tographic studio in Worcester. It has been in great favorwith the jmpu'ation of thiscily forover thirty years, and its popularity but increases as tlie years (lass by. It was founded in IS.'iI by Mr. C. R. 15. (jialliu, and the premises are finelv arranged to secure comf >rt for patrons and expedition in the work. .\ll the latest appliances and devices are provided, the proces.ses em[iloved being such as have been approveil and adopted by lea ling pho- tographers throucrhont the country. ]\Ir. Clatlin devotes his attention to every branch of the art, photosrajilis of everv description being produced, from tlic I'arte (le-visi'e to life-size. Large work is finished in luilia ink, crayon, or colored, and the very highest resttlts are guaranteed. The prices are fully as low as can be obtained in any first -class establishment, while the reliability ot' the concern furnishes a strong reason why it should be warmly su|i|iorted. Air. Clallin is a native of Ilopkinton, Mass., and is accomplish! d in his profession. MacuUiir & Son, Fine Clothing, Nos. 37i and ;;i'4 -Ma n .Street. — it is with pleasure that we present to the notice of readers of this work the well-known house named in the caption of lliis article, and it is but just to say that in the clothing interest of Worcester no c.ncern wields a broader or more healthful inlluence. The business was inaugurated in 18711 by A. & F. R. Alacnllar, father and .son, and from the beginning was accorded a prompt and generous recognition. The trans- actions are now very extensive, while in the trade in line clothing the h u.se distances all local com- petition. Mr. A. Macullar is the senior partner of the great Boston clothing lirmof Macnl'ar, Parker & Co., wh > manufacture an immense quantitv of goods every year that are retailed by their three houses — one in IJoston, one in Providence, and this iion.se in Worcester. The Worcester concern re- ceives its snpp'ies direct from this mammoth estab- lishment. The premises occupied are at Kos. o72 and H74 Main street, and have a frontage of 50 feet by a depth of SU feet. Here an immci .se stock of every grade cf clothing isdisjilayed, all cf which is clioice, fresh, and stylish, and selected with special reference to the wants of the local trade. Messrs. Macullar & Son also operate a custom de- partment, employing twenty skilled hands and tnr.iiiig out work of a high order of excellence. The garmenlsniade by them are generally favored on account of their perfect lit, correct style, and first-class workmanship. Both members of the lirni are honorable a id resprmsible gentlemen, keenly appreciative of trade recpiirements, and untiring in their etllirts to further enhance the value of their establishment. Claflin r>cntal Mannfiictiiring- Com- pany, Manufacturers of Dental Instruments, No. 38 Front Street, C. R. B. Claflin, Jr., Manager.— In the city of Worcester the raannfactiire of dental instruments and supplies has attained a jirolicicncy untqualed in any other city in the L'nited Slates, a prominent firm engaged in it being the Claflin Dental Mannfactnring Company. The business was established in issl in Exchange Building, and wascondiii'tcd there lor a sliort time — removing to Walker's Block^till ISSli, when, in conseipience of a rapidly increasing patronage, it was removed to its present commodious and s[)acions jircm- ises. The motto of the company has ever been, "To excel, not to compete," and the success which has thus far crowned its eflbrts has been most grati- fying. It would be impossible to enumerate the various articles and instruments to be found at this extensive establishment. Suffice it to .say, that dentists or students can here be supplied with everything required in the practice of surgical, me- chanical, or operative dentistry. The repairing and repolishing department is also an important feature of this house under the immediate super- vision of skilled, practical mechanics. Mr. C. R. B. Clallin, .Jr., the manager, was born in Worcester, and is highly esteemed as an ingenious inventor, and is justly worthy of the success which has at- tended his career. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 89 E. O. Kiiijfllt, Machinist, Manufacturer of Ens;ines and Boilers, No. 142 Union Street. —Mr. Kniylit is a machinist of estahlished reputation, and is especialls' entith^d to honorable mention as a manufacturer of steam engines and boilers. The business of this establishment was founded in 1S78 by Messrs. Clark A Knight, the iireroiirietor succeeding to the sole contrcd in ISSl. The prem- ises occu|iied ai'e well adapted for thesame, and are well eipii|iped with all the modern machinery and appliances, o[)erated by an upright engine manu- factured by this house for facilitating the import- ant worlc in hand. Tlie leading specialty of the busine.ss is in the manufactin-e of upright steel engines. In tiie construction of tliese engines steel is exclu-;ivcly used for all rods, shafts, ami pins. The pins and screws are all hardened, the connec- tion ho.ves are the best of gun metal, and the sliaft- bo.xes are separate from tlie frame and bolted on, so in case (^f breakage they can be re|)laced with small cost compared to what they would cost if cast solid to the frame; the bo.xes are tided with the best of Babbitt metal, the bearings are all self- oiling, avoiding all possibilities of hot hearings, while for workmanship, durability of matei'ial, and economy of ojieration these engines have proved their superiority wherever introduced and teste 1. They are made in si.x sizes, ranging from seven to thirty hors' power. These engines have a wide sale all thro-igh the New England and Southern States. The proprietor also builds si)ecial machin- ery, repairs engines, buys, sells, and exchanges second baud engines, and is the agent here for the W'aters governor, ( rresham's ]»atent automatic re starting injcc ors, Detroit cylinder lubricator, and engineers' supplies. Mr. Knight was born in Lin- colnville, Me., in 184">, settled here in 18(jd, and has been ]irominently identified witli the material growth and prosperity of Worcester. Hill Dryer Company, Manufacturers of Hill's Champion and Eureka (_'lothes Dryers, No 20 North Foster Street. — The rapid advancement in the manutacturing arts which so distinguishes our American industries is a subject of interesting study. Prominent among the leading industries of this city is the establishment of Hill Dryer Com- pany, rnanufacturersofHiU's cliam[)iou and Eureka clothes dryers The business was originally founded at IJarry, Vermont, eleven years ago. but a vear afterward was removed to this city by Mr. J P. Hill, and the Mill Dryer Company succeeded to the proprietorship in 1SS2, and from the date of its inception has received a very large patronage. ' The premises occupied are spacious and com- modious, and admirably fitted np with everv appli- ance neccssarv for the business. The produciions of this establishment cnnsist of Hill's chanipio:i clothes dryer, which is the best and only self- fastening clothes dryer in use. It is for outdoor use, occupies very little space, and is quite orna- mental. They are made up into three si/.es. This company also manufactures very extensively Hill's Enrcka dryer, which is intended solely for indoor use, and can b'i foliled up against the wall. The trade is very large, and extends throughout the United Slates, Clanada, Europe, and .\ustralia Em]doym"nt is given to a number of skilled and proiicicnt workmen. Mr. Ilill was biu'u in East Moutpelicr, N'crmont, and has been a resident of this city for some years. I (xCorg'C S. Dixon & Co., Manufiictnrers of and Dealers in Lubricating and Illuminating Oils for Manufacturers' Use, No. 171 Foster Street, — The ])opular and nourishing house of Messrs. Cieorge S, Dixon & (.^o. carry on an extensive trade as manufacturers of and dealers in lubricating and - illuminatiiig ()i|s f(.)r manufacturers' use. The busi- ness was founded in January, ISS2, anil starling with a capital of $■5,000, the firm have rapidly built up a very extensive trade, wdiich they have yearly largely increased. The lirm occupy a well- appointed store, 20x100 feet in dimensions, and in addition to this a large warehouse. They carry at all times an extensive stock of lubricating oils of all kinds, and make a specialty of cylinder and engine oils The fudlities of the house for I promptly filling all orders are ample and com- plete, and the exigencies of the business, which j represents an annual value of .*i")O,0OO, reipiires llie permanent services of seven hands. The trade of tbe house extends to all parts of the New England States. Mr. (Jeiirge S. Dixon, wdio is the sole pro- prietor, was born in this State. Gcorg-e C. BlaiieJiarrt, Reef, Pork, Veal, etc.. No. 218 Main Street. — -\ popular supply depot in the line of meats of all kinds is the establish- ment of Mr. (xeorge C. Blanchard. This gentleman is an extensive dea'er in beef, pork veal, land), poultry, sausages, lard butter, vegetables, etc., and is widelv known for the uniform exc dlence of the articles which be sends out. The business was first established in 1.8S:'> liy Messrs. Fdagg & ISIauchard, who were succeeded by the present lu'oprietcn' in May, 1SS4 He occupies the grountl lloor and base- ment, 2.")x80 feet each, in a handsome three story brick building, and has one of the largest uuirkets of the kind in the city, as well as one of the mo.st po|nilar. His meats are invariably fresh and de- sirable in every way, received direct from the best and most reliai)le sources of supjily, anti are offered at prices which defy successful competition. .V sufficient and ethcient force of hands are employed to assist in the business, and every patron is assured of prompt attrution and fair prices. Mr. Blanchard is a native of Worcester county, and a gentleman of high reputation. Charles R. Stobbs, Poster and Show-Card Printer, No. Ki Mecbainc Street. -One of the best known and most liberally patronized Job printing establishments in Worcester is conducted by Mr. Charles K. S obbs. The business was inaugnrated in 1877, and dindng the nine years that have passed since its foundation a large and inlluential trade has been builtup. Mr.Stobbs has supplied himself with a complete outfit of type, machinery, and other accessory conveniences, and is in a i);>sition to min- ister with perfect success to the most exacting de- mands. He gives his attention to every description of eonunercial and general job work, such as busi- ness cards, bill-heads, cireidars, catalogues, ])riee- lists, etc., anil makes a specialty of poster and show- card printing, and the i)riKluetious of the house are distinguished for neatness aiul t;iste. The jirices obtaining are low and attractive. The trade of the establishment is distributed throughout tbe Stale, and shows steady increase from year to year. Mr. Stobbs is a native of Canada, and has resided in this city since 187G, and is reliable and responsible in every way. 90 CITY OF WORCESTER. Cady, Hondriolc & Co., Grocers, No. 5S4 Main Street.— There are in all 1 irge eoinmiini- ties estal]lisliiueiits wliose reputation lor selling only |>nre and superior goods is well known, and in reviewing tlie groeer_v trade in Worcester speeial mention slionld be made of the honse of Messrs. Cady, llendriek & Co., located at No. 5S4 Main street, as being an establishment of the class re- ferred to. This house was founded in IS.iS, and has been conducted by the present proprietors ever since with large and jiteadily increasing success. They occupy a line, large store and basement, 2ox 100 feet each, and possess the requisite capacity for carrying on their e.'jtensive trade, in all its various details anil departments, with perfect satisfaction to ciHtnniers and witli great credit to themselves. They cari-y an immense stock and transact a large •business, eripecially in flour, teas, cotlijes, spices, sugars, syrup, bmter, cheese, eggs, and in every- tliiug that pertains to the staple grocery and pro- vision trade In Hour they carry a select stock of Ila.xal! and fancy family Hour, which they giiann- tce e(iu;d to the best, and oHer at prices safe from successful competition. Their goods are highly es- teeiiicd by the community for their freshness, ab- solute purity, and reasonable prices, and customers have t!ie siitisfaction of knowing that nothing in- ferior or adulterated will be oHi-red them. The aim of the lirra has always been to give to each and every customer full value for money expended, which is easily attained by their large sales, direct purchases, and low prices. The growth and pros- perity whicli has characterized the career of this house are only comiueusurate with tlie energy and enterprise of its proprietors, who are ea;ncstly en- gaged in maiutaining their prestige in the trade, and tliereby meeting all demands of patrons promptly, efficiently, and .satisfactorily. The mem- bers of the iirin are Me-ssrs. H Cady and II. W. Hendrick, both natives of Connecticut, and gentle- men of large experience and business capacity. Charles E. Grant, Fire Insurance Agency, No. o-'j'J Main Street. — Prominent among the insiu-- ance a','cnts of Worcester is Mr. Charles E. Grant, i wdio has been established in business here since 187.'), and represents some of the best stock and 1 largest dividend paying mutual companies in the country. Having the advantage of long experience in fire" insurance business, and being thoroughly acquainted with everydcpartment, from the framing of contracts to tlie adjustment of lo.sses, he is emi iK'utlv lifted to serve his patrons with intelligence anil ability, and deservedly enjoys a high reputa- tion. He is the agent in Worcester county for the following well-known companies, viz. : the Conti- nental, of New York city ; t he Commerce, of Albany, N. Y. ; Glenn's Falls, of Glenn's Falls, N. Y. ; Nia- gara, of New Y'ork city; the Citizens' Mutual, of Bo.stou ; the II(dyoke Mutual, of .Salem, Mass.; the Qnincv Mutual, of tjuincy, Mass ; the Traders' and Mechanics', of Lowell; the Fitchburs; Mutual, of Fitchburg, Mass.; the New Hampshire, of Man- chester, N. II. Mr. Grant occupies fine, large offices in a business centre of the city, and is prejjared at all times to p'ace risks in sucli companies that his patrons may feel indemnified against anv loss that thev may sustain. He is prompt, reliable, and tru4worthy in settling and adjusting all losses and in furtheringthe interest of policy holders in every legitimate way. Mr. Grant is a native of Boston, a member of the Board of Underwriters, and |>romi- nently known as a reliable authority upon all matters appertaining to lire insurance. The G. G. Burbank Pliarinaey, No. 23."> Main Street, A. JO Worthen, Manager. — This city may justly boa.st of its many fine drug stores and the skill and intelligence of the proprietors and employees. The oldest and one of the most extensive and mo.st popular drug establishments in the city is that of the G. G. Uurbank phaimacy, located at No. 23.5 Main street. This establish- ment was originated in lS2'i by Mr. (ireen, who, in 1810, was succeeded by the late Mr. G. (i. Bur- bank, and he conducted the business with remarka- ble success until his death in 1881. Since then the enterprise has been continued by his widow, Mrs. L. <-). Burbank, under efficient and responsible management. The store is very centrally located, and has a frontage of 2) feet and a depth of 8(i feet. It is very tasteful in its fittings and appointments, and has a very attractive and inviting aiqicarance. The establishnicnt enjoys a very high and well de- served reinitation. and the excelh nt manmr in which it is managed is very creditable to all con- cerned. Since September, 18s.j, Mr. A. E. Worthen has lichl the position of manager, and he is a duly qualilied and practical pharmacist. The stock cm- braces a full and complete line of the purest drugs, medicines, chemicals a complete assortment of all the improved |)opular prciiarations, toilet articles of every description, a full line of pure wines and liquors for medicinal purposes, cigars, etc. The specialties of the house include the following pre- parations, which are of acknowledged merit: i'r. tireen's stomach drops, anti-cholera mixture, altera- tive powders, condition powders; Burbank's cough mixture. No. 2, extract .Jamaica ginger, and Bur- bank's benzoated lotion, superior article for cliai)ped hands, lips, etc. I'articular attention is given to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recijjes, this deptirtment being personally attended to by Mr. Worthen. Watson & Belclier, Meats and Provisions, Butter, etc., No. 8 Pearl Street. — .\ leading source of f<)odsup[)ly in thecity is the establishment of Messrs. Watson it Belcher, widely known as dealers in metits and jirovisions, butter, cheese, poultry, etc., and all kinds of game in its season. The business was established in 18.>5 by Mr. C. Belcher, and, after some changes in proprietorship, the ])resent llrm succeeded Messrs. C. Belcher & Co. in l!*?'.!. Tlie premises occupied for trade purposes consist of a large store and basement, 2ox80 feet in dimensions, which are fitted up with every convenience and facility for properly h.indling a large stock of dre.ssed meats, game of all kinds, poultry, butter, cheese, eggs, early vegetables, fruits, and every con- ceivable delicacy that can be classed under these headings. These goods are kept fresh and sweet, being received direct from the most reliable pro- ducers, and are sold at prices whic'i defy successful competition. All the details of the business are under the personal supervision of the firm, assisted by four competent clerks. The trade is large and active, both wdiolesale and retail, throughout the city and county, and the house can be corditilly commended fm-ils fairand honorable dealing. The members of the firm are Messrs. .1. 15. Watson and 1 H. B. Belcher, both natives of Spencer, Mass. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 91 Heron Brotliers, Manufacturers, Whole- salers, anil Jol)ljers in Fine Cigars, and all the lead- \\vi brands of I'luj; and Fine-out Tobaccos, Nos. 101.', Front Street and "J"i (jreen Street. — .Vniong the various industries of Worcester none deserve more prominent mention than that of the ci<4ar and lohacio bnsinesf. It is one that gives em])loyment to a large number of operatives and in many ways forms an important item in estimatiuf; the manu- facturing and commercial importance of this enter- prising and prosperous city. One of tlie most prominent houses engaged in this line of trade is that of .Messrs. Heron lirothers, wliicb has become a \vell-kno\vn establishment not only in W'tn'cester, but throughout the New England States. The house was founded in 1877 by the present lirm, and since its inception at that date, has built up a pro.s- perous trade. The aim of the proprietors has al- ways been to secure an honest cigar, worthy of the good opinicui of smoUers, and to scrnpuhiusly main- tain the excellence of their brands. That they have been successful in their etlbrls is already manifest, as is evidcnceil by the steaily and rapidly increasing demand for their goods wherever they have been introduced, while the business shows that dealers recognize the reliable character of their productions. The premi.ses occupied are large, con- ven ently located handsomely litted up, and supplied with every convenience for tiie transaction fif busi- ness and comfort of customers. They also carry in addition to their choice assortment of cigars, a full and c mplete line of cigarettes, smokers' materials, choicest brands of [dug. fine-cut, and smoking to- baccos, also snull'of the finest qualities, and make a particular sjjecialty of all the leading grailes of plug tobacco. The individnal members of the firm are Frank and .lames \V. fleron, the former being a native of U.Kbridge. Mass., while the latter was born in this city. They are well known to the trade as gentlemen of s'rirt Integrity and honorable in all their dealings, and these traits of character, combined with ample facilities, have placed this house in a prominent position, and have gained for it a large and growing business, with every assur- ance of increased prosperity in the future. C. H. GrecnlOilf, Wholesale Dealer in For- eign and Domestic Fruits and N'egetables, No. 171 Front Street. — .\mong the leading representative houses engaged in the fruit and vegetable trade of this city is that of .\!r. C II. (jreenleaf. which was originally founded by Mr. E. h.. Fossett on Main street in ISIJI, and subsequently it was acquired by the oresent proprietor and transferred to its present location. The premises consist of the first floor and basement of the building, and each have an area of o.jx70 feet. The store is neatly litted uji, and here at all times is to be found a large and varied stock of foreign and domestic fruits and vegetables and country ju-oduce of every descrip- tion. The business, which isexclusively wdiolesale, has increased fiillv two hundred per cent, since it came under the control of the present proprietor, who now commands a traile representing !57.3,Ol)0 per year. The trade of the house extends to all parts of the State, and calls for the constant em- ployment of five to seven hands. Mr. < Jreen'eaf, who was born in Iiolton, Mass., in 1.S47, has been a resident of -Vorcester since ISdl, and his hou^e is a most desirable one with which to form business relations. J. R. Jannery, Druggist, Xo. 70 Front Street. — The drug store of Mr J. R. .Tannery pos- sesses every requisite that make it one of the finest in the city. The proprietor is a practical pharmacist of established reputation, and is s|iecially known to fame as the manufacturer and |)roprietor of Jan- nery'a cough syrup, pills, [learl tooth jiowder, ami dyspepsia remedy, and also as general auent for the United States for Dr. Coderre's infant's syrup, Mcliale sprucine, and Metiale butternut pills. The business was established here first in \~~'A, by Mr. ! J. G. B. Primeau, who w is succeeded by the pres- ent projirietor in l^i.S2. The store is one of the largest and finest of its kind in the cily, being ISxlOO feet in dimensions. The stock embraces a j full and complete as.sortment of drugs, family medi- ; cines, and chemicals, besides an elegant line of toilet articles and perfiunery. The prescription department is niimaged with scrupnlons care. The trade is large and active, and, in the specialties enumerated extends all through New England. The ]iroprielor owns a branch establishment at Millbury, JIass. Mr. .Jannery was born in ( anada, near Quebec, in IStiU, and came here in 1S7'.J. j E. S. Knowles, Dealer in Sporting and ; Blasting Powder, Shot, Caps, etc., Wholesale and Retail, No. 1 Pleasant Street. — This business was commenced in ]S7li by Mr. R. R. Shepard, to whom the present proprietor succeeded in .March, ISS.'i. A large and inlluential patnjnage has been built up anil the afl'airs of the concern are in the most prosperous condition. A birge and conqdete stock is carried of sporting and blasting powder, shot, caps, wads, cartridges, metal ic and ) aper shells, fishing tackle of all grades, and sportsmen's materials in general. He makes a specialty of fine goods, incluiling fine sjdit bamboo rods, fine silk fines, and artificial Hies in great variety, and wdiile keeping everything in his line is careful that each article comes up to the highest standard. Thus a reputation has been earned for reliability that has been largely instrumental in attracting to the house an extended and desirable li.st of patrons. Poth a wdiolesale and retail business is done. Mr. Knowles is a native of Auburn, Mass , and has been a resi- dent of Worcester for nineteen years. A. Medina, Importer of Human Hair, and Manufacturer of Wigs, Switches, Curls, Frizzes, Crimps, Putts, etc.. No. 29J Jlain Street —.V lead- ing and reliable house engaged in the manufacture of human hair goods is that of Mr. A. Medina. The business has been in existence here since 1870, and has reached a position of importance in the mercantile activity of the city. The i)ro|n'ietor has become widely known throughout all this sec- tion as an extensive importer of everything in the human hair line and every article belonging to the hair trade. The store islarge and commodious, S5.X110 feet in size, with a basement of the same di- mensions, and fitted up with every convenience. -V fine and complete stock is carried, and the trade is large, both wholesale and retail, extending throughout the city ami county. Eight skilled hands are constantly employed, and all work is guaranteed. The jirices which prevail are such as to add to the popularity of the hou.se among all classes Mr. Medina is a gentleman of valuable experience, enterprising, and reliable, and very popular with the trade. 02 CITY OF WORCESTER. William K. Miiiturn & Co., Dealers in Gents' l'\irnishing (jooils, Hats, Caps, etc., No. 04 Front Street. — .V representative e.stablisliment in tlieoityof Worcester is tliatot'Messrs. W. K. Miatiirn & Co., No. Gi Knint street, gentlemen who liave e.Kliiljited a ra-.irkeJ degree of enterprise in tlie line of strictly the best class of gentlemen's furnishing gooJs. 'IMie house was established lifteen years ago by the presant proprietors, and from the date of its comuancenie it Ir.ii enjoyed a lirst-class and lucrative support, an 1 has acquired a reputation and stui ling in the community that has long phuei it in the van of that line of business. The premises occupied are sp icious, conveniently located, and very handsomely fitted up, and sup- plied with every convenience for the display of tlie hand-orae stoc'.i and comfoit of patrons. The assortment of goods, consisting of ge:itlenien's tine furnishing goods, embracing underwear, neckwear of the mi it beautiful an I latest fashionable styles, foreign and domesticlioiiery, handkerchiefs, glove.s, collars, cu.'l's, plain and f.incy night robes, gentle- man's jewelry, such assolil and plated studs, scarf- pins, collar, cuS", and slejve buttons, w.itch cliains, sun and storm urn irellas. Messrs. .Minturn have long realised that there is no part of a gentleman's wardrobe more important than a well made and perfect-litting shirt, and in this specialty they liav3 attained well-deserved pre-eminence. Their white anl fancy colore! dress s'lirls embody the finest materials, perfection of linisli, and lit. Tliey also keep a large assortm^'nt of hals an 1 caps, em- bracing all the different stvles an I shapes m i le by the best in mufacturers and in all the muse fashion- able designs. Their goods are of the very best quaityaul sold at remarkably low prices. Tlie copartners are .Messrs. W. K. Mioturu, wdio is a native of New York State, and W. 11. Minturn, who was born in Massachusetts, who are very popu- lar in social and commercial circles, and are noted for their honorable business methods and sterling integrity. Aaron Hainmoild., Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Beef, Pork, Mutton, Veal, and Poultry, Butter, Clieeie, Kggs, Vegetables, etc., No. olio Main Street. —One of the largest and most successful dealers in meats and country produce in the city of Worcester is .Mr. .Varon Ilammond, at No. .o9o Main street. This gentleman is widely known as a wholesale and retail dealer in beef, pork, mutton, veal, an I poultry, butter, cheese, eggs, vegetables, etc. He established himself in business here in 1871 at the old .\dams market, removing to his present locatio i eleven years ago. Here he occu- pies a line, large store, 2")xl)l) feet in dimensions, in a handsjrn? four-story brick building provided with two sliow windows, m.arble-slab counters, and every convenience that good taste can suggest and money can supply for the successful carrying on of the business upon a large scale. His store is a popular source of supply for a large and in!luentlal patron.ige throughout the c!tv and surrounding country, who lin 1 here everything desired in this imoortant line of trade always of the best and most reliable character, and sold at prices which greatly add to the popularity of the house among all classes of people. Si."c clerks and salesmen are employed and customers are accorded promjit and courteous attention, fair prices, and honorable and satisfactory treatment in all respects. Mr. Ham- mond is a native of Charlton, Mass., born in lS-16, and is a merchant of high standing in the business community. Cliarles M. McFarland, Dealer in Fine Diamonds, Watches, (.'locks, aiuJ Jewelry, No. 8 Front Street. — By virtue of its enterprise and honorable business career the jewelry establish- ment of Mr. Charles M. Mcl'"arland possesses peculiar claims upon the notice of the reviewer. The proprietor has been favorably known to this community since 187-5, when he assumed control of the house which he has since conducted with such eminent ability and success. The trade which his energy' luis developed comes from the best classes of society, and its rapid augmentation is indicative of the popidarity of Mr. .VlcKarland and the ad- vanced stage of culture and rertnenient reached by the people of this city. The location is at No. 8 Front street, where the salesrooms occupy tlie en- tire first fioor, 00x17 feet in area. A large, attrac- tive, and well-selected stock is carried of watches, clocks, jewelry, diamonds, and other iirecions stones, bronzes, charms, and a I those elegant specialties that lendsncli interest to an establishment of this character. Mr. McFarlanil handles both home and impin-ted goods freely, and has given his agents and correspondents at the various centres of receiptand production carte blanche to ship to the house the choicest novelties so soon as they are ready for the m;irket The assortments are always replete with the neivest and most artistic designs, and the re- liability and integrity of the productions engage the best ctiiu'ts of the proprietor. The ))rices are always the lowest that can be legitimately o.l'ered, and all demands are ministered to with accuracy, skill, and taste. Mr. McFarland has been in Wor- cester since 1875, his native place being Rockland, Maine. He is a most useful and responsible mer- chant, and a courteous and affable gentleman. W. Hylancl, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Curled Hair Mattresses, Beds, Feathers, etc., No. 13 Park Street. —The important enterprise so suc- cessfully conducted by Mr. W. Hyland was e.tab- lished by him in 1877 on M un street. In 1S78 he removed to his present ad Iress at No. Vi Park street. At this address he is carrying on an exten- sive business as manufacturer of and dealer in curled hair mattresses, beds, excelsior, palm leaf, feathers, husks, etc., and Sheldon's latest invention for renovating feather beds, making them exactly as good as new. The business premises consist of the second and third floors of the building named, eacli floor covering an area of 5)xlOJ feet. Em- ployment is given to twenty haids, and a large quantity of goods are manufactured. These goods are all of superior quality, and have a market all over the United .States. A specialty is made of curled hair mattresses and live feathers, and only (irst-class goods are sold by the firm as the ficilities for producing line goods are the b-e.st in the city. Mr. Hyland, the enterprising jiroprietor of this industry, is a native of Ireland, born in July, 1843. He came to Worcester in 18GS, and during the eighteen years he has lived here ami in Boston. His business has increased over two hundred per cent, in volume during the last nine years since he has been in business for himself, while the ever- inoreasiug patronage is full of good augury for the future. LEADf.VG MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 93 Reed & Pa^e, Electricians and Dealei-s in all kinds of Electric Su|)i)lie.s, No. 2S Pearl Street. — Tlie wonderful uses to wliicli electricity i.s luu now.iday.s renders any apoloi^y unneecisary for anv notice in tliese pages of an establishment wliieli is engagjd in mannfacturing and supplying all kinds of electrical apparatus. We refer to the concern of Messrs. Keed is. Page, whose business premises are centrally located at Xo. 2S Pearl street. The business of this linn was originated some years ago by the Boston Electric Company, who were succeeded by the present proprietors Messrs. Franlc Keed and Charles 1 1. Page, in JsS4. The tirin o^jupy the tirst Hoor and ba-sement of a four-story brick building, covering an areaof 2-';xilt feet. The workiu,' depirtmeut, where si.-c hands are employed, is e.piippe 1 with all the latest im- proved michinery aiil tools, and the salesroom, which is very tastefully fitted up, is siocUed with a large variety of eleotrioal goo Is, embr.i'jing elertric, automatic, ani ratcliet gis burners (bsst practical electric burners in this country), electric burglar alarms fjr resideu^^s, banks, »nd vaults; hotel, elevator and kitchaii annunoiators; speaking tubes and mouthpieces; acoustic and electric telephones; watchman's elesiria clocks; electric bells; skeleton form and vibrating bills; single stroke and electro- mechanic il bills; magneto and tap bells; all kinds magnit wire; ma.iic.il batteries, etc. Anything in the way of electric supplies can be had here at prices which ciumt be excelled by those of any other establishment in New England. The Hrm unJertake the construction of all systems of elec- trical apparatus. Finished and furnished houses are titteJ with clectrictl apparatus without remov- ing the furniture or carpets, or disliguring the walls or ceilings. Wires are concealed at the back of the pl-Kiering, anl only the most experienced and truity elejtriciaui are employed. This is the only house of its kin 1 in the city, and the linn have a large anl inliuenti.il paironage. Their store is connected by teleplione. No. 4-3 — o, and all orders receive prompt an I careful attention. The pro- prietors are b )th pr.iciical electricians. Mr. Reed is a native of .\Ierrim ick county N. H , and Mr. Page was born in Schuyler county, N. Y. Both have long reside I in this city, and are widely known anj deservedly respected for their ability and integrity. J. D. Sisson, PluraberandGasFitter,No3. 19 Southbridge Street and oSl Main Street. — Plumb- ing has of late years almost became a science, and upon its proper study anl application depends the solution of miny questions of drainage, ventilation, ■ an I sauitarv cou litioas. In these d.iys of the com- ple.xities of city living, the plumber has become in j the highest degree essential to our comfort and health A prominent house in Worcester eng.iged in this business Is that of Mr. J. D. Sisson, Nos. 19 Southbridge and 5-il Main streets This business was established in lS7-i by Messrs. Sisson &Tacker, ani was coniu^tel hv them until 18S1, when .\[r. Tuciker retired anl Mr. Sisson became sole proprie- tor. -Mr. Sisson m ikes a s oecialty of sanitary plumbing, and attends to everything pertaining to that important branch ; he also puts in gas fixtures and br.ickets. Mr. Sisson is the patentee anl in- ventor of a superior water-closet cock, which is the most perfect device ever offered to the public He is a native of Providence, E. I., and is highly es- teemed by the community for his mechanical ability and sterling integrity, and justly merits the iuilueu- tial and liberal patronage attained by his energy and industry. George A. Pearson (formerly Houghton & Pearson), Dealer in Flour, Grain, Feed, Hay, Straw, and Fertilizers, No. ")9:i Main Street. — Among the old established and ever-i)o])ular houses in the city of Worcester is that of tj. A. Pearson, formerly Messrs. Houghton it Pearson, the well- known dealer in Hour, grain, feed, hay, straw, and fertilizers, at No. o'J2 Main street. Tliis house was founded in ISliS by Messrs. Farley & Cheney, who were succeeded by Messrs. Lovell & Garland, and, after some changes, by Houghton & Pearson iu 1880, and in 188G Mr. Pearson becamesole proprietor. He occupies a very handsome store, 2U-XlU0 feet w.th basement of the same size, in a four-story brick building supplied with every convenience ana facility, including a hydraulic freight elevator, for the .successful pro>ecntiou of the business in all its departments. The trade is large and influen- tial, both wholesale and retail, throughout the ciiy and country. He carries a large stock of all the yoods mentioned above, received from the best and most reliable producing sources, and sold at prices which are eminently fair and reasonable. Four clerks and .salesmen are employed in the store, and every patron is accorded prompt attention, fair prices, and honorable, business-like treatment iu all respects. Mr. George .\. Pearson is a gentleman of wide acquaintance in business atlairs and of ex- cellent reputation and standing in the business community. He was born in Norwich. Conn., in 18-31, and has been in Worcester some nineteen years. Isaac Fiske, Manufacturer of Musical Instru- ments, Crompton's Block, No. 13 .Mechanic Street — One of the principal manufacturers of musical in- struments in the city is Mr. Isaac Fiske, who.se manufactory is located in Crompton's Block, Me- chanic street. Established in 1 S40, he has since then developed the business until it his achieved the important position it now occn|)ies in the trade. The fac:ory is located on the third Hoor of the building, and has an area of lOJ.xSO feet. It is equipped with all necessary meclianical appliances, and several skilled and experienced hands are em- ployed. Musical instruments of a large variety are made, a specialty being made of line cornets. For the latter class of instruments tlie moilels have re- cently been considerably improved, and the aim of the proprietor is to produce the best cornet on the market. He does not compete in price with a large number of instruments imported or made in this country, but he asks for a comparison of liis instruments and their pi ices with the best instru- ments in the market. He does not put his bv the side of those that are imported for from six to twelve dollars each, and sold here at from lifteen to thirty dollars, and pronfiunced superior. He defies competition, ami guarantees his instruments to be perfect. The trade of the house extends over the United States and Canada, where Mr. Fiske's manu- far'tures are well known for their superior character. Mr. Fiske was born at Holden, Mass., sixty-four years ago, and he has resided in Worcester since 1837. Mr. Fiske has an enviable reputation for superior musical instruments. 94 CITY OF WORCESTER. Coincrford & Daly, Teas and Coffees, No. 102 Front Street, corner Ciuircli, Worcester; No. 418 Main Street, S|)ringtiel(l; No. ',(G His;li Street, Ilolyoke; Manager, 1'. U. (Jonierl'ord. — Among the largest ami most prominent importers and dealers in teas and coffees in Worcester is tlie reliable and lionorable firm of Comerford & Daly, at No. 102 Front street, corner of Cliurcii street. This honse was establislied here in l.S.iS, and is now one of the leaartiiient is a model of cleanliness and good taste. .\ stalT of twelve skilled hands are constantly employed, and an ex- tensive patronage is supplied with pure and fine confectionery, wedding, ptain, andf.'iucy cakes, pas- try, jellies, ice-cream, and sherbets, etc., etc. The dining-parlor is supplied with the best the market aHbrds, on the European plan. Purity is the main essential with thecreamsand confectioneries of this establishment, while promptness, efficiency, and .scrupulous care are the characteristics of the pro- prietor in catering to the tastes and wauls of liis liost of patrons in city and county. The business in all its br;inches is conducted with the greatest ability, skill, and energy, while for purity, flavor, freshness, and general excellence the goods of this house cannot be excelled by any similar establish- ment in the conniry. Large or small jiarties are accommodated at all times, and ti e trade is brisk and lively. Mr. Kebboli is a native of Italy, a resident here for twenty years, and is recognized as a thorough master of his trade. Davis, ^ Reid & Co., Manufacturers of Cutting Dies of all descriptions, No. 17(J Mechanic Street. — The most prominent establishment in Worcester concerned in making cutting dies is that whose name forms the heading of this article. This concern was founded in f 871, and has succeeded in establishing a reputation for line, reliable work, second to that of no other house in this line of trade in the country. The business was started on Cypress street and was removed to its ]iresent loca- tion in ISSl. The firm occupy ccnnmodions prem- ises, which are provided with all the latest and improved appliances, and constant enqilovment is given to from fourteen to eighteen hands. In addition to the establishment the firm have an office in the Shoe and Leather E.xchange, Poston, wliieli one of the members of the firm attends on Wednesdays from one to two o'clock in the afer- noon. The products of the concern embrace cutting dies of every description, and these are of a very durable quality. A most extensive trade is now transacied in all parts of the I'nited States and C-innda. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. John A. Ilavis, Thomas R. id, and D. M. Savcls. Mr. Davis was born in this State fifty-five years ago; Mr. Reid is a native of Prince Edward Island, and tliirty-eight years of age, and Mr. Savels, wdio is thirty eight years old, was born in this State. All these gentlemen have long resinej in Worcester, and areesteemeil for their enterprise and integrity. 96 C/TY OF WORCESTER. Lucius P. Goildanl, Printer and Publisher, No. 42-3 Main Street, enruer of Front Street. — In the "art preservative of all arts," it \i safe to say that the lionse of Mr. Lueius P. GoJdarJ is nne.x- eelleil, having kept abreast with the times and the improvements of the age, anj to-d.iy is adiiiiitedly one of the best equipped printing e.itablishments in the cilv. No house has been more sueeessful in this line of enterprise, and no house iias pro lueed a moi-e superior class of work than that of Mr. Lucius P. (ioddard. This gentleman is a native of Londoiiderry, Vt., and comes of an ol 1 Massa- chusetts family, many distinguished members of which have resided in the county of Worcester and in other parts of Massachusetts and in Ver- mont, etc. A genealogy of his family has been publis!ied, and is a very interesting volume. Mr. (jToddard has b^en a resident in Worcester for the past thirty-four years, and in 1807 lie founded his present enterprise. The premises occupied for the business comprise two rooms, each 2o.x:;0 feet in dimt;n-ions on the fourthlloor of afour story brick building These premises are admirably arranged and eipiipped with every facility and convenience for the business, with a fine equipment of presses and machinery and every description of type. The linest mercantile and book work is c.^ceented promptly, sa'.isfaclorily, and cheaply. In mechanical execution the work of the establishment cannot be excelled. Ills paternal ancestry came from London, England, in IGlJi, and his maternal ancestry came from Iv.iglan I, 1 0:50. This ancestry is traceable back to the twelfth century in Knbcrt and IvJward Goddard. Mr. Lucius P. Goddard, the subject of this sketch, was born June l:>th, IS. 14, at Worces- ter, Mass., edited Bxrrt Oivllc in lS)3-4, and '03-7; Oar Papcf in 187:1; Y. M. C. A. Monihh/ through 1874 and '7o, President of Y. M. 0. A. of Worcester for 1 sl)'.V70. Has been superintendent of Plymouth and Park Sunday-schools, etc. John J. Wlllte, Dealer in Boots Und Shoes, Gents' Furnishing Goods, Warren Block, No. ID Washington Square. —Largely engaged in the trade in boots and shoes an, 1 in gents' furnishing goods of every description is Mr. John J. White. Mr. White, who is a native of Ireland, lias been a resi- dent of this city since 1857, iswidelyand favorably known, and has been a member of the City Coun- cil for eight conse-'utive vears, an 1 is now senior mem'ier of that bjdy. lie founded his present enterprise in 1872, and from its inception to the present has been a-^corded a large an, I inlhieiitial patronage. The f.ict that the business bus been in- creased " fully fifty per cent., and that a traile amounting to over Si'),0;iO a year is transacted, is a su'licient te.stimony of the popularity of the establishment. The store, eligibly locate I at No. 1015 Forbjs Block, Front, formerly No. 10 Washing- ton Square, is 20.xS0 feet ii dimensions, very taste- fully litte 1 up. The sto^k embraces a very fine as- sortment of boots and shoes in all grades and sizes ani in all the latest and popular styles. Mr. White has b^en a shoemaker by trade for thirty years, an.l his customers enjoy the benefit of his long and v,iluable experience. In the furnishing goods department all the latest nove'ties, both foreign and domestic, are to be found, and while all the goods are of a very superior character, a strong recommendation to customers is their cheap- 'less. • Henry W. Eflily, Builder and Contractor, Office >so. 8 Norwich Street, Uesideuce, I\o. 7 Ash- land Street. — In the extensive and enterprising cir- cle of mechanical industry where energy and skill are combined as essentials to success, we lind Mr. Henry W. Eddy, the well-known builder and con- tractor. The business now so successfully con- ducted by him was establiabed in ISiil by Messrs. H. \V. Eddy iVt Co., the present proprietor succeed- ing to the sole control in 1800. He occupiesa large and well equipped shop and pleasant office, cover ing an area of 81)x25 feet, and gives enijdoymentto some forty hands. He is prepared to ni ike esti- mates and take contracts for building churches, school houses, and other puljlic buildings, stores, dwelling.s, etc., of stone, brick or wood, and all his work in this line is of the finest and most durable kind. Jobbing of all kinds is promptly attended to, and promptness, eificiency, and reliability char- acterize all his dealings. He is well patronized by the best class of property-owners in the city, and lias steadily won their confidence by his devotion to their interests. Mr. Eddy is a native of Ma.ssa- chusetts, in the prime of life, and a gentleman of experience, skill, and eminent popularity. Worcester Molding- Worlcs, Manufac- turers of Curtain Poles, Picture Frame and Cornice Molding, No. 9 2 Foster Street, H L. Savage and F. W. Brigham, Proprietors. — These works are widely known for their sujierior productions in curtain poles, picture frame and cornice molding. This concern was established in iiSO at No. 19 Cyiiress street, and in 1884 it ]iassed into the hands of the present proprietors, Messrs. H. L. Savage and F. W. Brigham, who remuved the business to its present location on Foster street. Here the firm occupy the first and the third floors of the building, and which has a capacity of Iu0x4.j feet. It is fitted up witli the latest improved wood work- ing machinery, and a staff of twenty hands are permanently employed. The firm enjoy a large and brisk trade, and their manufactures arjshipped in large quantities to all jiarts of the United States and to Canada. Their facilities for promptly fill- ing all orders are of the most ample and perfect character. Both members of the firm are natives of Massachusetts and men of extended experience in their business. T). H. Putnam, Piano Tuner and Repairer, No. 13 Mechanic Street. — With a thorough knowl- edge of his buiiuess .Mr. D. H. rutuam e~tablisbed liimse f in Worcester in 1882 as a practical [liano tuner and repairer, and lias raetwith much success. lie occupies a commo.lious workroom and office, 40x30 feet in dimensions. Here all orders in liis line may be left, and every order is given the promptest attention and is executed in the most workmanlike manner. Mr. Putnam does not be- lieve in extortionate cli.arges, but all work done by him is performed at the most moderate prices. Besides piano-tuning and repairing, Mr. Putnam is I an accomplished violinist, and gives instructions upon that " king o*" instruments" at very reason- j able terms, and pupils find that tliey rapidly ad- I vance in tlieir studies under his valuable tuition. Mr. Putnam is a native of New York city, born in 1850, and has lived in this city siuce 185'.!. He is prominently connected with the Order of Odd Fel- lows. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 97 Hugh MoDonagii, Merchant Tailor, No. W.Vi Main .Strtet. — If iiopuUirity be a measure of worth, assuredly Mr. liuuli MelJoiiugh, of No. 5i>7 Main street, may he fairly said to be not wliolly delieient in this respect, indeed, since starting his hnsiness in ISGi) he has won for himself a host of patrons who have all their garments made solely by him. While all work is cut out with the great- est precision, and ihe ligures in the measurement book are faithfully followed, particular attention is paid to adapting t lie garment to the rerpiirements of the form of the person for whom it is made. This necessitates tlie quickest perce[ition, the great- est iugenuity, and a skill whicji none but a thor- ough master of his art possesses. Mr. McDonagh possesses all tliese qnalilications, and consequently h;is built up a large trade, lie has had thirty- seven years' ccperience in the business, and no more practical tailor is to be found within the city's limits. lie occupies a two-story frame build- ing, covering an area of 2").';'JI) feet. The salesroom is very tastelully litled up and arranged, and for the convenience of his patrons JNIr. McDonagh keeps on hand a very carefully selected stock of the finest imported woolen goods, suitable for entire suits, pantaloons, coats, and overcoats, and he also h:is tbe necessary trimmings of a quality to corre- spond to the elegance of the fihrics just mentioned. With the assistance of a ctunpetent and experienced stair of workmen, he is thus prepared to meet all exigencies of his business. Mr. McDonagh, who is a native of Ireland (though he was eighteen years in Manchester, England, where he learned the b'jsl- ness), and lifty years of age, has been located in tliis country since 1852, and, personally, is very much esteemed for his many fine qualities both in mercantile and private life. T. M. W<><>(l\var|ilie.s, and manufac- turers of tin goods of all kinds for peddlers. They are prepared lo offer to their customers the best advantages obtainable in the trade. The members of the firm are Messrs. Z. A. and E. Hubley, and both are natives of Nova Scotia, the former being thirty-si.x and the latter thirty years of age. Mr. Z. A Hubley is a prominent member of the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows. J. L. Burbanlv, Apothecary, No. 370 Main Street, corner of Elm. — Among the business estab- lishments of Worcester which are interesting land- marks is the drug store belonging to the estate of the late J. L. Burbank, which is under the pojmlar mantigement of Mr. H. L. Fisk. This house was established as ftir btick as 181 5 by Messrs. (ireen & Htiywood, succeeded by Messrs. James Green & Co., then by Messrs. M. B. Cireen & Co., and finally by Mr. Burbtink in 1871. The latter gentleman died in 1878, and the estate has carried on the business in his name n|i to the present time. The store is 25x00 feet in dimensions, located in the Lincoln House block, and very finely fitted up and arranged. Purity in drugs and medicine compounils has been the charticteristic of the management from its in- ception. The stock includes a full line of chemicals, )iatent medicines, drugs, and allotherarticles looked for in a well stocked drug store. The comjionnd- in,g of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes is a fetiture in which tliis house takes pains to excel. Nothing but strictly pnre and fresh drugs are ever permitted to enter into any i>reseription or com- pound. The stock is bought only from the most relia- ble houses, and as the manager, Mr F'isk, has had an experience of many years in the business, he is thoroughly capable of making hisselections intelli- gently, and is very popnhir and successful in meet- ing eveiy requirement of the trade. James Broadbent, New and Second-Hand Furniture, and Furnishing Goods of all kinds, No. ?.2() Main Street. — This enteriirise wtis originated thirty-eight years ago, and during its long career it has become one of the best known and bf.st patron- ized furniture houses in the city. The foinider, the presi_Mit proprietor, Mr. .Jtimes Broadbent, is a ntitive of E)igland and his fair dealing and busi- ness ability have given him a standing in the mer- cantile community second to that of no other dealer in his line of trade in the city. His premises com- prise the second floor, which is 60x00 feet in di- mensions, of the Brindley Block. The stock isa very extensive one and includes new and second hand fur. dtiire of every description. Mr. Brotwlbent is at all times prepared to oiler to his customers ser- viceal)lc second-hand goods, new fiirnitio'e in walnut, mahoganv, imitation mahogany, cherry, ash, oak, and maple. ordin:irv grades and elaborately finished parlor, l)eil-room, dining-room, and kitchen furni- ture. Mr. Broadbent pays the highest jiricc for second-hand furniture, and his distributing trade extends throughout the city and for a radius of twentv-five miles. 100 CITY OF WO RCESTER. James O. White, Dealer in Upholstered ]''iirnuure, Fine Custom Work a specialty, No. 398 Main Street. — There i.s nobrancli otllie ineclianical iniliistritsin which such rapid progress andimprove- ment has been made within recent years as in the production of artistic houseliold furniture and deco- rations. Among the leading and representative e.stahlishments in this line in the city of Worcester is that of Mr. James C While, locateil at No. ."Doi Main street. This business was established only a little over a year ago, but since the date of its in- ception has received a liberal and substantial ■patronage, and has achieved a prominence and widespread pojjularity for tlie excellence of its pro diictions and honorable methods of transacting its business. The premises occu]iied are spacious and commodious, and are very handsomely and attrac- tively arranged, possessing every appliance and convenience for the ttansaction of the already hirge and rapidly increasing trade. The stock carried is very large andcomplete, comprising fine parlor and library finnilure, consisting of plain and uphol- stered sofas, chairs, lounges, parlor, library, bed and dining-room suites of the very latest and most fashionable designs. Mr. White is prepared at all times to do all kinds of upholstering and lion-e decorating at the shortest possible notice in the very highest style of workmanship known to the trade, and at most reasonable prices. lie makes a .specialty of hne custom work, and for this purpo.se employs none hut the most skillful and prolicient workmen. Repairing and re-npholstering receive the most careful attention. Mr. White is an ex- perienced and practical man and devotes his entire attention to the business. He is a native of Boston, and has reside,! here for some time. He is very popular in social and commercial circles, wide- awake, clear-beaded, and energetic business man. and justly merits the success he has attained by liis unswerving devotion to straightforward and sound principles of mercantile probity. William Li. Davis, Druggist, No. 570 Main Street — -V reliable ])lace for obtaining medicine in time of sickness is a desirable desideratum. The house of William L. Davis, No. 579 Main street, is thoroughly reliable and first class in every respect. He carries a very large stock, and his store is one ot the finest lo be found in Worce.-^ter. He thor- oughly deserves the extensive city and country trade which he commands. His store is hand- .somely finished in oak, and has four commodious show windiws. It is provided with handsome .show ca.ses in which are a choice assortment of the description of goods usually found in a first-class retail drug store. The business was established in 1877 by Mr. M. Fairbanks, the latter being suc- (s?ededin l.SS'2 by Mr. Davis, the present proprietor. Mr. D.ivis was born in Worcester twenty-nine years ago, and he has had quite an extensive and valuable experience in the drug busine.ss. Centennial Cafe, F. M. Marble, Ladies' and Gents' Dining-Rooms, No. 9 Mechanic Street. — The Centennial ('afe represents the largest, best equipped, and most pnpular iliuing-rooms in Wor- cester. Tlij enterprise has been in operation since 1876, the founder being Mr. F. M. Marble, whose experience, taste, and energy, hasdevelo])ed it into a permanent and substantial success. Tlie rooms measure 90x25 feet. They are handsomely and attractively fitted up, ai\d furnished wiih every accessory calculated to add to the comfort and pleasure of gue-ts. The table is well supplied with all the delicacies that the markets afU)rd, s|iecial attention being given to quality and variety. The cuisine is in charge of skillful and accomplished cooks and the utmost care and cleanliness is ob- served, and the service is excellent. To take a meal at the "Centennial" is a source of genuine pleasure. High prices are eschewed, and it will be found that, considering the character of the house, the rales are tniifbrmly lower than can be obtained elsewhere. The ladies and genllemen's toilet rooms connected with this establishment afford hotel accommodations and conveniences without hotel expense. Jolm A. Kiee, Worcester Agricultural Warelionse and Seed Store, No. 5S8 Main Street. — The iio]nilar source of supply in the line of farm- ing tools and agricultural seeds of all kinils in llie city of Worcester is the establishment of Mr. .John A. Kice, known as the Worcester Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, and was established in 1857 by Mr. John D. Lowell, wlio was succeeded in 1875 by Messrs. J. ik J. A Rice, the present proprietor assuming sole control in 1885. He is a wholesale and retail dealer in grass, field, and vegetable seeds, farm implements and tools, agri- cultural hardware, dry-rjieasures, flower-pots, cu- cumber wood pumps, fertilizers, ba.skets, etc. He oecniiies ti fine, large store and basement, 25x100 feet each, in a handsome four-story brick block, and has a very large and active trade throughout the city and surrounding country. The stock carried is one of the largest to be found in the Stale, and embraces every article of utility and value to the farmers. The stock of seeds is always large and complete and just what are most desired by agriculturists and gardeners. Four clerks are emidoyed in the store. Mr. Rice is a native of the city and a representative business man. Smith &Iinlah, Dry Goods and Notions, No. 294 Main Street. — .\lea by Mr. D. B. Williams, wlio was succeeded by L. (i. Joslin, who conducted it till 18SI), when he was succeeded by Mr. Drury, who h;is since greatly improved and extended the busi- ness. The building is centrally and conveniently located, and is a stibstantial four-story building, loOxTofeet in dimensions. It is admirabiy arranged, and is so constructed as to be absolutely fireproof, and contains about fifty rooms. The cuisine of the Joslin House stands unrivaled. The catering is conducted on a basis of liberality that insures only the best and choicest that the market affords, while the culinary department is under the management of an experienced and distinguished c/te/', thus insur- ingsatisfaction to the most fastidious. Theh;[llsand corridors are spacious and convenient, while the rooms are commidions and handsomely furnished. ; Altogether, no expense has been spa.ud in any par- ticular, and this, coupled with the experience and practical knowledge displayed in the general arrange- ments, has resulted inas near perfecti(m in alldetails as can be desired. Mr. Drury is a native of Reeds- borough, Vt., and is highly regarded in commercial and social circles for his business capacity and ster- ling integrity. With all its advantages the rates of the Joslin House are very reasonable, and are duly appreciated by numbers of our leading busi- ness men, who have often experienced Mr. Drury's genial hospitality, and this accounts for the fact that the house is always well patronized at all seasons of the year. E. H. Hammond, Practical Repairer and Jobber of I'inniis, Lead and Iron Pipes, No. 18 Church Street. — Mr. Hannuond has by his industry and push succeeded in building ii[) one of the mo.si prosperous trades in this city. He established his business about fourteen years ago at No. 4:;2 Mam street, and removed to his present location in ISSIl. From the date of his establishment he has been the recipient of a very liberal and substantial patronage, and now he has sufficient to tax all his resources. In tliese days, when all the modern inventions are in practical use by everybody, they are liable to get out of order, and to make the necessary repairs it requires as much or even more skill than that of the inventor or original constructor, and to supply these wants Mr. Hammond established this house. The premises occupied are spacious and commf)dious, comprising twoHoors, conveniently located, admira- bly fitted up, and thoroughly equipped with all the latest improved machinery andtoolsnecessary forthe successful proseeutionof the business, among which is a handsome and powerful steam engine to supply the motive power- He is a practical repairer and jobber of pumps, lead andiron pipes, and is pre- pared to put stoves, heaters, and furnaces in per- fect order at short notice, also does all kinds of stove- pipe work, key-fitting, lock repairing, bell-hanging, both electric and common; sliear and knife grind- ing, razor honing, and wringer repairing made a specialty. He also makes a special feature of grind- ing and repairing lawn mowers, making of saw filing a specialty. He employs none but the mo.st skillful and competent workmen, and being ,a practical man, hedevotes his entire attention to the details of his business. He does his work faithfully and conscientiously, and his services are inconstant demand all over the city. Mr. Hammond is a native of Vermont, and served for one year during the late Civil War in the Sixteenth Regiment, Vermont N'olunteers. He is competent, industrious, and in every res|iect thoroughly qualified for his business, besides being a clear-headed, wide-awake, energetic man, who enjoys the fullest confidence of the entire community. Worcester SHpper Company, Carpet and Web Slippers, No. 13 Mechanic Street, J. P. Grnsvenor, Proprietor. — .\s in all other great and important industries in these days, so in the mann- facttn'C of footwear of every description there are divisions and subdivisions, and the productions of these divisions contribute to make a satisfactory and perfect whole. The Worcester Slipper Com- pany devotes its attention exclusively to the manu- facture of machine-sewed carpet and web slippers, also turned slippers, and in this line has aeipiired a widespread repiUation for the superiority of its manufactures, which are shipped to dealers in all parts of the United States. The enterprise was originally established in 1874 by Mr. William Cooper, who disposed of his interest to William Holmes, who disposed of it to J. P. <4rosvenor in December, 1883. Mr. Grosvenor was born in Pax- ton, Mass., in 18.')3. He is a gentleman of fine commercial ability, and since he took control of this business he has largely developed the trade, so that his concern now ranks among the foremost in the trade. The factory is spacious and thoroughly equi])pcd with the best mechanical appliances known to the trade, and thirty-seven hands are permanently employed. 102 CrrV OF WORCESTER. Shatter & Webber, ManulUeturers of Building Finish, and Jobbers in all kinds uf Wood Work, No. llio Union Street.— The firm of Shatter A Webber is an important representative of the building interests of Worcester, and although one of the youngest concerns engaged in its special line of m;inufacture, has risen to a position tluit gives the greatest promise. Tlie business was inaugu- r.ited in May, 1SS4. In July of the following year Mr. Webber retired on account of failing health, leaving Mr Stillmau L. Shaffer the sole owner and manager. He has retained the original tiriii name. Tlie premises occupied comprise the entire first Hoor, 1 50.'c40 feet in dimensions. Here every facil- ity is present for the prosecution of a large trade. The range of manufacture embraces building ttnish of all kinds. From ten to fifteen expert hands are regularly employed, Mr. Shaffer personally super- vising their laljors. The house has a valuable rep- utation for the standard quality of its goods, and is growing steadily in favor, fretpient shipments now being made to all parts of New England. Messrs. Shatter & Webber deal heavily in wood-work of every description, and keep constantly on hand a large and complete stock, and o:ter imi)ortaut in- ducements to customers in the way of jirices. Mr. Shatter was born in New York, but has been a resi- dent of Worcester since 1863. He is an active, aggressive, and liberal-minded man. George G. Hildreth, Undertaker, and Dealer in Cbftins, Caskets, Plates, Trimmings, and (rrave Clothes, and Metallic Burial Cases, No. 36 Foster Street. — The well-known undertaking es- tablishment of Mr. George t manner. Mr. S. 'J'. Thaver, the active member of the firm, is a native of Rutland, Vt., and a gentleman of experience, enterprise, and reliability. 104 CITY OF WORCESTER. J. W. Plaisted &Co., Fruit and Trodiice at Wliiilesale, No, lol Fi-nnt Street. — Messrs. J. W. I'laisteil it Co. have been prominently iilentilieopular and well-equipped ettablislimcnt is con- ducted by Mr. N. S. Liscomb. 1 be business was started iu l8.")o by F. A. Eldred, and in 1S54 the present proprietor entered the business. The |)reni- ises occu|iied are '2o.xl"iO feet in dimensions, and furnished with . convenience for the satisfactory ]n'osecution of aftiiirs. The stock carried includes hats, cap.s, furs, trunks, bags, and gentlemen's fur- nishings. It is complete and varied, couqireheml- ing all the late styes and novelties, and a luiiform superiority in quality that jirevails in but few sim- ilar e^tablishments. Mr. Liscomb gives his per- sonal attention to the seleeiion of goods, and his fine practical knowledge enables him to secure the finest in tlie market at low rates. Mr. Liscomb de- votes close attention to his business, and has the unlimited confidence of the comnmnity. 3Irs. M. J. Home, Millinery Rooms, No. .170 Main Street. — One of the most popidar shop- )iing-|ilaces for the ladies of Worcester is the Tuillinery establishment of Jlrs. JI. J. Home. The business wasfirst established in 1S7'J by Mrs. L. A. Forme, who was succeeded by the present proprie- tress in 1881. The store is very eligibly situated for business purposes, is L'0x7o feet in size, and is a model of taste and attractiveness. It is fidly stocked with the most desirable millinery goods, including the latest novelties and finest foreign and domestn' trin^mings. Mrs. Home is prcjiarcd lo snp|)ly first-chiss millinery of the most correct and fishionable styles. The goods are all received direct from the most reliable sources of supply, and are guaranteed as to style and quality. Prompt, obliging, and reliab'e, Mrs. Home has established herself in the general tsteem of a large and lirst- class patronage throughout the city and surround- ing countrv. Mrs. Ilorne has resided here since 1878, is jierfectly informed as to all the require- ments of her trade, and employs none but first-class assistants. Dr. F. E. Cassirty, Dentist, Office, No. 288 Main Street. — Taking a prominent position in the dental ]irofession is F. E. Cassidy, D.D.S., who es- tablished his business in this city in 1884. This gentleman is one of the few thoroughly trained and highly eilucatcd professional sm-geon-dcntists of this city, who, through their skill, have reachcil a prominent position iti their profession. Dr. Cas- sidy's otHces are located in the well-known Flagg Ihiilding, and comprise two commodious apartments, each 25x25 feet in dimensions, llis ])arlors are very handsomely furnished, including the latest i uproved dental chairs, and in both the apparatus peculiar to the profession are well su]iplied. Dr. Ca~sidy attends to every branch of the dental pro- fcssioUj__ and administers anrcsthetics if desired, either in cleaning, extracting, or filling of teeth. He enjoys an excellent ciiy and country patronage. Dr. Cassidy is a native of this city, having been born liere on June 5th, 1856. He graduated at the Philadelphia Dental College, and is thoroughly traincil and competent. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 105 George C. Devvhurst, Maniifactiirer of und Dealer in Fine t'lirriages of every slyle and grade, Nos. "Ji and "Ji Foster Street. — Twenty years ago tliis city had no general repository and nearly all tlie carriages used in Worcester were bought in IJoston and New York. Among the lirstto open a general repository wa-> Mr. (ieorge C iJewhnr.st, who started business in the place he now occnpies, Nos. 22 and 24 Foster street, in 18(5o. Then his stock was bnt six or eight carriages as samples, while to-day he carries a stock of one ImiidreJ and fifty, comprising all the Idling styles in the market. Mr. L)ew- hurst lias enlarged his storage room from time to time from ssvcn hiinired si^nare feet to twenty thoiiiand. This large increase in room is partly owing to the greater mzm'jjr of styles and different grales of carriages that are m ide now but were not in lie twenty years ago. Mr. Dewluirst had ten years' e.'cperience in the carriage business before coming to Worcister, h iving learnaJ his trade as a wood-workmin in 18 )i. .Vt that time the old thorough brace two-wheel chaise was largely built. Mr. De.vhurst started the mmifacture of carriages in lS5i) in his native town, Anusbury, and for some years built the two-wheel chaise for the Boston trade. About tli it tim3 the two-wheeler began to go out of use and the four-wheel carriage soon took its plac3 as the leading vehicle. Mr. Dewluirst in ISlil droppe 1 the manufacture of chaises, and for five years before coming to this city built carriages in great variety for the New Engl ind trade. Mr. Dewhurst has in connection with his repository a full set of wor'.cm:^n for each branch of the business. Mr. Dewhurst's expenses in rent are reduced to about one-quarter the usual cost of rents in storing his stock, having a hydraulic elevator that runs to the fourth story of his repository. He has the reputation of carrying in stock some of the best styles and b34-mi b carriages in the country. Car- riages that Mr. Dewhurst made twenty-five years ago are yet in usj. His .stojk will always be fcjund full and complete in variety, an 1 we do not hesitate to assure buyers that Mr. Dewhnrst can and will offer his customers greater inducements to pur- chase of him than can be e.xtended »to them else- where. G. K. l\Ielli>r, Pharmacist, No. 430 Main, corner of I'leasint Street. — The establishment of which Mr. (i. IC. Mellor is tlie enterprising pro- prietor is one of the finest drug stores in Worces- ter. This house was established in 1877 by the present proprietor, is one of the largest in the city, and controls an extensive trade. The store is 2i)x()0 feet in dimensions, two show windows, and finely fitted up with elegant show cases, line soda fo intain, and attractive appointments throughout. The stock of goods is large and complete, embracing the purest and freshest drugs in the market, all the standard proprietary medicines, and a line line of chemicals, while in toilet articles and perfumery the assortmjut includes everything of both foreign and domestic preparation and manufacture. The moit important feature of the business is the phy- sicians' and family prescription department, which is under the immediate supervision of Mr. Mellor, wh )se long experience, thorough skill, and painstak- ing care combin • to insure absolute accuracy and reliability. Mr. Mellor is a native of England and recognized t hroughont tliiscommunity as a practical and skillful pharmacist. I H. O. Adams, Oysters and Fish, Nos. 212 and 214 Front .Street. — Among the most pri>minent and successful shell-hsli dealers in this city is 11. t). Adams, at the above numbers, where he occupies commodious (juarters, which he keeps well stocKed with oysters, clam.s, qnahaugs, and hsh. The house was founded in 1879, and rapidly came into public favor because of the superior quality of the stock kept on hand and the facility with which all orders are filled. Nine clerks are employed, and there are two departments, one devoted exclusively lo the sale of fish, both from fresh and salt water, which can be supplied fresh every day. Mr. Adams owns extensive oyster beds in tlie celebrated Barrington river, and as aconseqiieoce he ])ossessesexcei>tional facilities for supplying the large demands for these bivalves. These oysters are opened fi esh from the shells, and orders are taken and delivered to any part of the city free of charge, in large or small quantities or in the shell. He is also an extensive dealer in clams, qnahaugs, a delicious clam very popular in New England and commanding a large sale, Mr. Adams is a native of Blackstonp, Ma.ss., and is a live, energetic business man. Besides deal- ing in oysters, clams, etc., Mr. Adams has connected with his business a meat market where he supplies all kinds of fresh meat of the choicest qualities. Amoriean Awl Company, Mannfactnrers of and Dealers in Uaw Hide Alallets, Awls, Heeling Drivers, etc.. No. \\)b Front Street — In the manu- facture of mallets, awls, drivers, pegging-awls, wax thread, and McKay needle-, etc., the leading house, not only in this city, but in New England, is that of the American Awl Comi)any. This enterprise was originaled by Mr. H. A. S mthwick, the present superintendent of the works, in 187.">, and from small beginnings the business lias been built up to one of large proporiions, with ramifications throughout the New England and Western .States. .Associated with Mr. Southwick in the bn-iness is Mr. C. A. lla'-dy, both of whom are natives of Ma-sachusetls and gen- tlemen of long, practical budness experience. The premises occupied are spacious and are equipped with the best mechanical appliances, the machinery being operated by steam power. A complete force of workmen are employed, and the [jroducts of the concern conipri-e raw-hide mallets, wax-thread needles, Bigelow heeling-awls, McKay needle-. New Era pegging-awls, Varney pegging-awls, Var- ney drivers, Chamiiion pegging-awls, shoe-knives, and cast-olTs. The concern has a high standing in commercial circles. Troy Laundry, D. Lyneli, Proprietor, No. 2fi Pleasant Street. — The Troy laundry was established by the present proprietor, Mr. D. Lynch, in Octo- ber, 18sll, and met with immediate and generous recognition. The trade now extends all through the city and siwrounding country, .V full equip- ment of the latest and most inijirovcd m.ichinerv has been provided in every department, and a large force of skilled hands employed Only first-class work is turned out, and the most delicate materials are treated without injurv. The greatest care is taken in every detail, and nothing is allowed to leave the house that contains the least blemish or imperfection All orders are executed promptly. In quality and price the Troy laundry is the peer of any similar concern in the country. Mr. Lynch is an enterprising and reliable gentleman. lOG CITY OF WORCESTER. F. C. Dig'dow & Co., Real Estute Agency, No. 4(iU Main .Street. — Prominent among tliose wlio have largely contributed to the material develop- ment of Worcester in the real estate Ijusiness is tlie (irm ol' F. C. Bigelow & Co. The business was tirst establislied in lS(i9 by Messrs. L. A. Kly & Co., who were succeeded soon after by Messrs. F. C. & H. Bigelow, the present lirm assuming sole control in 18n3, with Mr. F. C. Bigelow as the sole pro- prietor. This gentleman has now been actively identilied with tiie real estate interess of tlie city for many years, and includes among his customers many of our leading capitalists and investors. He is a recognized authority as to the vahies of realty in all sections of tlie city and coiuity. He devotes special attention to the purchase, sale, and exchange of property, and his lists are among the most com- plete in the city, atlbrding an ample opportunity to choo.se from as regards location, size, price, etc. He pcisscs,scs unsurpassed facilities for success in all branches of the business, is prompt, efficient, and faithful in the e.xecution of every trust. Mr. Bige- low is a na;ive of iSherborn, Mass., has resided here since 1S49, is still in the prime of life, enterprising, and reliable in all his business relations. A. S. Colin & Co., "The Laboring Mans Clotliing ComiJany," Ready-Made Clothing of all kinds to suit the pockets of all classes, Hats, Caps, and Gents' Furnishing Goods, No. 513 Main Street, Franklin Square Clothiers. — This house was founded but a little more than a year ago, and has received a very substantial patronage, and achieved a very higli re|)utation for its goods, and the e."c- tremely low prices at which they are sold. The premises occupied are spacious and commodious, and thoroiigldy equipped and furnished. The stock has all been carefully selected and is attrac- tively arranged. An inspection of the stock man- ufactured reveals the fact that Mr. Cohn is using the linest productions of American and foreign woolen mills. They .sell the same quality of goods cheaper than any other house in the city, because they buy their goods exclusively for cash and sell forcash. Their business is adapted principally for the laboring trade to give them a good article at a low price; their expenses being small, they can afford to do it. They don't mislead the public by giving away presents, but give the purchaser hon- est goods for the value of their hiird earned money. An examination of their mammoth stock will show a large assortment of men's, youths', boys', and chil- dren's suits at astonishingly low prices for the quality of the goods The trade will lind its wants in tills line of commerce fully realized by placing their orders with this establishment. Mr. A. S. Cohn was born in (Germany, and has resided in the United States eighteen years. Pev«»y's Dental Rooms, corner Main and Pleasant Streets. — Taking a prominent position in the dental profession in this city is the firm of Drs. Pevev cvided with cyl- inder and job presses, operated by steam power, numbering and cutting niachiues of the most im- proved patterns, by means of which the work pro- duced is accomplished with dispatch and in the best manner. In mechanical execution the print- ing ol this establishment cannot be excelled, while the proprietors keep the most extensive supply of new type, comprising all the late.-t styles, and are constantly adding thereto as new designs are pro- duced. Constant employment is aHbrded to eight skilled hands, in all departments neatness and order exist, and nothing is lacking to facilitate the transaction of the business here comluctcd. Every class of printing is executed here, from a small business card to a large volume, and perfection, proniptne>s, and integrity are the rules under which the business is conducted. Mr. Sanford is a promi- nent tKld-Fellow, and both are widely known and deservedly respected. Charles TS. Scott, Watchmaker, Jevrcler, and Optician, Nos. .'i73 Main and 5 Southbridge Streets. — The house of Mr. Charles N. Scott has been in- timately associated with the Worcester jewelry trade since the year 181)9. The house was originally founded by Messrs. Benjamin tioddard & Co., and was succeeded in January, 187o, by Mr. Charles N. Scott. In 1883 the firm style changed to Messrs, vScott & Stickney, Mr. Scott again re.snming the en- tire proprietorship in November, 1885. This busi- ness w;is Hrst started at the corner of Main and Walnut streets, removing to the Lincoln House Block in July, 1870, and later on to the corner of Main and Elm streets. On May 1st, 1883, the busi- ness was removed to the present address, in the Scott Block, which is owned Vjy Mr. Scott. Here his business is carried on in a line store, having a front- age of '25 feet on each street and a depth of 60 feet. It has four line shScott is a native of Worcester, having been born here in 1846. He is well worthy of the e.xtensive patronage he enjoys. Richard O'Flynii, AVhite Star, Cnnard, and Inman Steamship Agency, and Antique and Mod- ern Book Store, No. 244 Fr.mt Street. — This is virtually Worcester's most noted and mo^^t popular "curiosity shop," for here are gathered books an- cient, books rare, books modern, coins antique and curious, relics of past ages, etc. Tlie store has a frontage of 2') feet and a depth of 40 feet. It is neatly fitted up and is lieavily stocked. The busi- ness was started in a small way in 1877, and it has since yearly increased very many per cent. In addition to conducting a large and important trade in aijti(ine and modern books, coins, and nlics, I^Ir. U'Flynn is the agent in thiscity I'or the White Star, Cunai'd.and Inman lines of steamships. Tickets and every information desired in respect to terms, etc., of these difiircnt shiiiping lines is courteously afl<}rded by Mr. O'Flynn, who also undertakes the arrangement of monetary remittances between this country and tlie diHerent nations of Europe. Mr. O'Flyim was born in Ireland in ]S3(J, and in ls51 he took up liis residence in Worcester, and lias been connected with the Father Malhew Temjier- ance Society of Worcester for upward of thirty years. David Welch, Glass-Cnitcr and Engraver, and Manufacturer of Cut and Ground (ihiss lor Doors, Churches, and Cars, Nos. 8 and lU Manches- ter Street, formerly 86 Foster Street. — In this age of refinement, wealth, and enterprise, the demand for the productions of the glass-cutter and engraver for the last few years have been inordinately great. Prominent among those engaged in this enterprise in this city is Mr. David \\'clch, glass-cntter and engraver, etc. (No. 86 I'oster street formerly I, No.s. 8 and 10 Manchester street. Although estab- lished only about a year, he has received a very liberal patronage, and has attained a wide reputa- tion for the excellence of his productions. The premises occupied are especially arranged and thor- oughly equipiied. He is prepared to execute all orders at the shortest notice, in glass cutting and engraving, manufacturing of cut and ground glass, for doors, churches, parlition,s, club-rooni.s, erience and .scientific knowl- edge, which, H ith his great ingenuity, enabled him to bring out his invention of tlie su)iportcr truss, for wliich a patent was issued to him in May, 1880. The best recommendation of his trusses is their ex- tensive and permanent use, and the fact that our leading physii-ians indorse them as scientifically accurate and send their patients to his establish- ment to be fitted. The Willard truss condnair of time locks on bank safes a specialty, and have business C(niiiections with a majority of the leading banks in New England, who consult them as e.fperts in this class of work. The members of the lirm are Messrs. Ira (r. and Fred. H. Ijla';e. The senior is a native of Peacham, Vt , the scni of Plymouth, N. II., and both are practical and successful watchmakers. Oliver B. 'Wood, P)lank Book Manufacturer, Publisher, and Mercantile Printer, Ko. 3 Maple Street. — l*'cw houses of the kind enjoy a more ex- tended popularity or a more prosiierous trade than that of Mr. Oliver B. Wood. Tlie business was origintilly established in 1874 under the lirm style of Sanford &('o., and subsequently the lirm became Sanford & Wood. In 1884 Mr. Wood became pro- prietor of the entire business and has conducted it with increasing success ever since. The head- quarters of the enterprise coriiprises the entire lirst lioor, which covers an area of 2o.\100 feet. The jtiace is furnished with every facility and equipped with all liie most improved apparatus and ajjpli- ances. There are four job presses and a fine cylin- der press, a twelve-horse power engine and boiler, and a full as.sortment of the finest types, etc. Em- ployment '\< given to ten sUilleil workmen and the tinest work is executed. All kinds of nvercantile and fine letter-|iresf> jirinting are jierformed, and special attention is given to legal iirinting. Mr. Wood is a native of Winchendon, Mass., born in 1857, and has resided in Worcester for ten years. I. Davis & Co. .Wholesale and Pvctail Dealers in Fresh, Salt, and Pickled Fish, etc.. No. ()l!4 Main Street. — Engaged in the wholesale and retail fish trade of Worcester are many extensive hou-es, among wbicli that of Messrs. I. Davis &. Co. is en- titled toma'ked .•ittention. Thisisone of the lead- ing houses in its line in the city, anil was founded in 1877 by the present enter|n-ising ]iroprietors, Messrs. I. Davis and J. P. Smith. Both gentle- menare natives of Massachusetts, the former having been born at Charlton and the latter at Barnsta- ble The premises occupied have a frontage of 25 feet anil a depth of 70 feet. The salesroom is splendidly liglited and attractively fitted up. All modern conveniences for promptly Idling orders are at hand in boih the wholesale and retail de- partments. Every description of fresh, salt, and pickled tish is always to be founil in slock, and this of the freshest and choicest quality The firm also handle sardines of all kinds, and Baltimore, Korwalk, New Haven, and Providence riveroysters. A full line of canned goods is also kept in stock and the house has a very extensive patronage. Blirbaiik Brothers, Watches, Clocks, Jew- elry, Siiorting tiouds, etc.. No. 3ul Main Street. — One of the most attractive stores in Worcester is that owned by the Burbank Brother.s, at No. 301 Main street, corner of Exchange. Here may be seen a profuse display of elegant watches, gold fchains, silver and plated ware, and a large stock of diamonds ; also a large stock of jewelry, clocks, and spectacle., and a superior stock of guns, pistols, ammunition, fishing-tackle, and spru'tsrnen s articles generally. The store is large and well arranged for carrying on the business, measuring 80.\3U feet. The Burbimk Brothers are natives of Maine. A. F. Burbank established himself in Boston in l.'f4l. Here he remained in business on Washington street for twenty-nine years, when, in 1871, he re- moved to Worcester, where his brother, A. E. Bur- bank, had been some years established as a jeweler. The bu.siness has been conducted under two depart- ments, A. L. Burbank owning and managing the jewelry, clock, spectacle, gun, fishing-tackle, and sporting goods department. A. Y . Burbank owns and manages the watch, diamond, solid silver, and [dated waie department. They were situated for several years at No. 341 jMain street, until the Burn- side Building was destroyed by fire in the winter of 18S(), when they removed to No. 3i 1 Main street. This house is one of the leading ones of the city, where is done a very large business which extends all over Worcester county. The stock carried in this .store is a very large one and necessarily a very valuable one. Intending purchasers of anything in this line of goods will make no mistake in calling on the Piurbank Brothers and inspecting their stock. C. F. Lawreiiee & Co., Fine Book and Commercial Printers, No. ]9o Front Street. — A prominent house engaged in the i)rinting trade is that of Messrs. C. F. Lawrence & Co., which was founded over fifteen years ago by the ])resent pro- prietors. The premises are well located, titled, and fiirnished with tlie latest improved machinery, pres,ses, type, and jirinting materials Job work of every de.sciiption is executed in tire best style ot the art at the lowe>t prices consistent with equita- ble business. Mr. Lawrence, the sole owner of the business, furnishes estimates for printing books, also blank books, such as journals, d-iy-books, ledgers, etc., of the very best quality, also for all kinds of commercial job printing, bill and letter heads, statements, cards, prngrammes. circulars, and legal bbink forms of every description, lie makes a panicular specially of doing reports, catalogues, etc., for towns, all kinds ofsecret society anil other fine work of the best quality known to the trade. He employs skillful and proficient workmen, and being a practical and experienced printer he de- votes his personal attention to every detail of his business. Mr. Lawrence is a native of Canada, and has resided in this city for nearly twenty years. He is a consistent and persistent enemy to the ne- farious liipior traffic, and is held in high estimation by all who know him. nn TOIVN OF WEBSTER. Chase & Tapley, Heel Manufacturers, Ko. 154 Front Street. — Messrs. Chase & Tapley 's fac- tory is located at No. 154 Front street, where they employ a stall' of thirty skilled workmen exclu- sively in the manufacture of heels for boots and shoes. The premises tliey occupy for the business are spacious and convenient, and are equipped with all necessary improved mechanical appliances for the successful operation of the business. The firm have a large trade both locally and throusrhout the State. The house, which was established in Janu- ary, 1880, has a first-class reputation for the excel- lence of its products. The copartners are Messrs. Charles E. Chase and Walter II. Tapley. Both these frentlemen are natives of Massachusetts, and are young, active, and enterprLiing, TOWN OF WEBSTER. Webster, so called in honor of the eminent statesman, Daniel AVebster, was incorporated as a town Marcli 0th, 1832. The territory was formerly part of the towns of Oxford and Dudley, with a tract of land known as Oxford South Gore, at that time not included in any township. The boundaries of the town, after much controversy, were finally established in 1841. The township is about four miles in length a:id three and one-half miles in width, with an area of about nine thousand acres. The town is tifty-five miles west southwest from Boston, and sixteen miles south from Worcester, its latitude being 41° 50' and its longitude 5° 10' east from Washington. Near the centre of the town, at thebase of a range of hills, is Lake Chaubunagungamaug (" the boundary fishing place"!, the unpronounceable name given it by the Indians being still retained. At the North Village, the waters are discharged into the French, or, as named by the Indians, Maanexit river, which rises in Leicester and forms the divid- ing line between Webster and Dudley. It furnishes water power for the extensive woolen and cotton mills along its banks. The town is divided into four villages, viz : "North," "South," ''East," and " Depot," all within a radius of a mile, and containing a population of nearly seven thousand. Webster is celebrated for its excellent roads, substantial bridges, and the beauty and variety of its natural scenery. The town was formerly divided into five school districts, until the .system was abol- ished, in 1SG7, by the Legislature. There are twelve graded and Iwo mixed schools, with an average attendance of eight hundred pupils. In 1855 the High School was established and a large building was erected, the second floor being used for school purposes and the ground floor as a Town Hall. Jhe building was burned down in January, 1S70, andthetown authorities immediatelyerectedtheelegantand imposing stone building now occupied by the High School at a cost of $18,000. The town furnished three hundred and sixty-seven men during the War of the Rebellion, a surplus of fifty-seven over its quota. Samuel Slater, the " Father of cotton manufactiires of the United States," established the first mills in W^ebsler, and the Slater Woolen Company and the 11. N. Slaler Manufacturing Company, emjiloying in the aggregate seventeen hundred persons, are the outgrowth of his enterprise. The other important manufacturing interests of Webster at present writing are B. A. Corbin & Son, shoe manufacturers, employing several hundred bands; Murdock & Botham, manufacturers of shoes ; the Stevens Linen Works, the largest enterprise of its kind in the county, furnishing employment to five hundred operatives, and, in the adjoining town of Dudley John Chase & Son operate a very extensive woolen manufactory, with five hundred employees. TOWN OF WEBSTER. \\\ There are tliree lines of railroads in Webster: The Southbridge branch of the New York and New England railroad, the Worcester brancli of the Boston and Albany, and the Norwich and Worcester railroad, giving every desirable facility for travel and transportation, and with twelve trains daily to Boston and \\'orcestcr. The nninicipal affairs of Webster are managed by the following town officers: Selectmen — Asher T. Moore, chairman, Charles A. Ilodge, Patrick Condon; town clerk — Edward P. Carter; town trea- surer-Oscar Shumwiiy; tax collector — Aug. E. I>ay; overseer of the poor — E. N. Bigelow; school commissioner -Henry F. Thompson, three years, Clias. B. Kendrick, two years; assessors — Wm. F. Gale, John W. Dobbie, R. P.. Putnam, Wyman JC. Phetteplace, Jos. P. I,owe; audiiors— Jas. Magnire, Jas. Cocks, Jno. B. McQuaid ; lire engineers — J no. F. Hinds, Lyman II. Eddy, Elmoine I). Clemens, SamT J. Leavans. The Fire Department has a fine steam-engine, a hand -engine, hose-carriages, hook and ladder trucks, and is in an excellent condition. The api)ropriations for school purjioses are, for the current year, $7,150. The tax rate for all pur- pases is one and one-tenth per cent. There are two weekly newspapers published in Webster: The Webster Times, established in 1859. Mr. John Cut is the present editor and proprietor. The Webster Eayle was established about four vears ago by Messrs. Nichols & Johnson. Mr. E. C. Nichols is at present sole proprietor. Both of these newspapers are ably edited, influential in nnmicipal affairs, and have largely contributed to the pros- perity and progress of the town. The attractive surroundings, healthful climate, railroad facilities, low rate of taxation, rents, and cost of living malie Webster one of the most desirable resident points in Western Massachusetts, and com- bining, as it docs, especial facilities for manufacture, it gives promise of future substantial growth and prosperity. Among its natural attractions the town can safely boast of a climate entirely free from miasmatic influence, the health record of the place giving as favorable a sliowing as that of anv other section of the State. Epidemics are imknown, and tlie climatic conditions are in every way fa%'orable to long life and its fullest enjoyment. In the matter of well-paved and graded streets, Webster is exceptionally favored, and the roads centering in the town are kept in most thorough repair and well macadamized, affording every facility for transporting mercliandise to points remote from railroads, and advantages for pleasure driving unsurpassed for comfort, ease, and charming scenery. The sile is most advantageous for drainage, and the enterprise and policy of tlie municipal authori- ties, ably seconded by tlie people, have given to the town a perfect sanitary condition, exceptional even among the towns of Massachusetts, proverbial for the attention paid to this important subject. The moral tone is of a high character, and the cliurches, which include those of the Episcopal, Congregational, Baptist, Methodist, Universalist, and Roman Catholic denominations, are well sustained, and are all in a nourishing condition. Most of the church buildings are imposing and substantial struc- tures. Ample accommodations are afforded by the graded schools of the town for the education of the ma.=ses, and the High School gives every facility for a thorough preiianition of pupils for ad:nission to any college or university in the country, and for qualifying the young for tlie successful prosecution of all busines-i outside the learned professions. The First National Bank of Webster was incorporated in 1875, and with a capital of $100,000 gives all the required facilities for discount, deposit, and exchange, while the Webster Five Cent Sav- ings Bank, incorporated in 18G8, affords abundant opportunities for savings. The supply of water for domestic purposes and in case of fire is abundant. The source of supply is ths beautiful Lake Chaubunagungamaug, the water of which is of a high standard of purity. An excellent quality of gas is supplied from the plant of the Webster Gas-Light Company at low price, the works being nnder the control of the Stevens Linen Works. The social elements of Webster are not wanting, the Masonic, Grand Army of the Republic, and other secret and beneficial organizations having a strong support in the town. A drive in any direction from the town gives to tlie observing most delightful views of mountain, .valley, and lake scenery. From Ide's Hill a view of the beautiful lakes is obtained, and beyond the water the wooded hills and vales present a charming picture, the view being limited by the far moun- tain range beyond Southbridge to the West. At Point Breeze, Union Point, Elliot Shore, Bates Grove, the Narrows, and other points on the kke 112 TOWN OF WEBSTER. buildings have been creotecl for excursion and pleasure parties, dancing, boating, sailing, fishing, etc., and at nominal prices the greatest amount of pleasure is here obtainable fur camping parties. The advantages of Webster as a manufacturing centic are apparent to tlie most casual ob.server, and no town in the ^Itate oilers greater inducements for investment in industrial puisuits than this section. Tlie town has no debt, and the low rate of ta.xalion, being but one and one-tenth per cent., makes a showing creditable to the thrift of the people and the j)rudent and efficient management of municipal affairs. In this regard ilie history of the town is perhaps without a parallel in the State. Already famous in the manufacturing world, its rapid growth and progress in the past foretell a bright future, and the successful conduct of momentous enterprises here for generations is most encouraging to those contemplating the inauguration of manufactm-ing operations here. With two competing lines of railroad, the New York and New England and Norwich and Worcester, and the Web.ster Eranch of the Boston and jVlbany reaching the great business centres of New Kngland, lioston and Worcester, giving twelve trains daily to each point and securing, by rea,son of competition, the lowest rates for merchandise, and giving an unlimited supply of coal for steam purposes at minimum prices, the motive power for niannfactures is obtainable here at as low a price as thatof any towninNew England, the low prices of land for desirable factory sites, the cheap rents and cost of living, healthful climate and other considerations, point to Webster as the scene of future operations which will give the town i)re-emincnce among the great sources of supply of manufactured articles of every description in Massachusetts. There is no advantage possessed by any town of its size in the State which Webster does not com- mand, and the public spirit of the people, and particularly of the leading citizens and property owners of the town and vicinity, is a standing invitation to those wlio seek prolitable investments and pleasant homes, and is a guarantee of cordial welcome. S. R. Barton & Co., (ieneral Insurance Agents, Ofliccs, Nos. \'-'> anil 14 Shumway s Bloek, Main Street. — The jirincipal agency for tire insur- ance in Webster and vicinity is that of Messrs. S. K. Barton & (/o. This agency wag established by Mr. S. K. Barton in 1874. In 1880 he was suc- i-ceded by Mosrs. K. J. &C. C. Williamso'i, who coii;hicted tlie business until June, 1886, when they ilispiHed of it to the present firm, which is receiving the support and patronage of [iroperly holders.^en- erally. The linn now rcprescntthe following pow- erful and conservatively managed corporations, vi/..; the Middlesex Mutual, of ('ambridge; the Merchants' and Farmers' Mutual, of Worcester ; the llolyoke :Mutual, the Fitcliburg Mutiml, tie Citi/.ens' Mutual, of Boston; the Koyal, the Lon- don an 1 Lancashire, the North British and Mer- cantile, the I'ho'uix Assurance Company, and the Sun Insurance Company, all of England ; the Con- tinental, the Niagara, the Commercial Union, the Merchants,' and the American, of New York ; tlie I'hoenix, of Brooklyn; the Phwnix, of Hartford; the IVnnsylvania, and the Fire Association, of I'liilailelphia. Representing, as they do. many millions of dollars of assetsandres ■iirces, this firm are |irepared to promptly place the largest risks, distributing the .same in the most .judicious and satisfactory manner, and guaranteeing a jirompt AW 1 liberal .adjustment of all losses. They control the insuring of many of the choicest lines of busi- nes-i and residence property in W'ebster and ( )xfni'd, and in .some portions of Connecticut, and are deservedly popular and respected, both as reli- ab'e unilerwriters and adjusters, and .as sound and substantial business men. They are also prepared to place life and accident insurance with the most responsible companies- There are few if any insur- ance agencies outside the largest cities of the coun- try who have placed larger mill risks than the firm of Barton & Co. The members of the firm are Messrs. S. E. Barton and C. B. Kendrick. Mr. Barton is a native of Oxford, Mass., and the secre- tary of the Manufacturers' Mutual Fire Insurance Comjiany, of ^\'orcester, and both he and Mr. Kendrick are recognized authorities in fire insur- ance. The jn lior member of the firm is one of the most promising of the junior members of the \\ orcester county bar, and has his oflice in Web- ster, lie pursued bis law studies luider the most disadvantageous circumstances, and has by energy and hard work in the mills attained a ]irominent position among the younger members of his pro- fession, lie was ])reparcd for admission to the bar in the office of Messrs. Kice, King & Kice, of Wor- C-'ster. and is held in unusual confidence by the bench and bar of this, his native, county. John J. Love, Webster Marble and Granite Works, Shop on Chase .\ venue, II. D. Sanford, .\gent. — This gentleman manufactures monuments, tablets, headstones, and curbing from any descrip- tion of marble, granite, or brownstoue, and deals in every variety of marble and granite for monu- mental, building, or curbin.g work, carrying in stock the finest a.ssortment of monuments and de- signs to be found outside of our larger cities. His shop comprises two floors 40x1011 feet each, and nine skilled workmen are constantly employed in the business. Every design of monument or grave- stone is made to order at the shortest notice, and at prices which are eminently reasonable. .\11 work is guaranteed to be first-class and thoroughly satis- factory in all e.sscntial respects, and every operation of tlie works is under the immediate supervision of the proprietor, whose long experience and jierfect s'iill and taste insure accuracy in every detail. The business w.is founded in 1854 by Mr. II. D. Sanford, who still remains in the establishment as its agent. Mr. Love succeeded to the jiroprietor- ship in 1875. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 113 H. N. Slater Manufacturiugr Com- pany. —The works of the Slatm- Maniifaftnring Company are among the leading cotton manu- factories of the United (States, and in connection with the Slater Woolen Company's establishment, a skctcli of which is found in tliiswork, constitutes one of the leading industries of tlie country. Tlie com- pany's works cover an area of several acres in Kast Village and South Village, the cotton mills proper being located at the latter place. In this immense establishment the finest cotton goods arc manu- factured, and in these works and the (ircen Mills, situate in East Village, where the dyeing, bleach- ing, and finishing is done, a force of seven hundred and fifty liands are employed. The company manu- facture immense quantities of all kinds of cotton goods, such as cambrics, silesias, wiggins, jaconets, and cotton dress goods, and at the (irecn Mills not only all the product of the works at jSorth \'illage are dyed, bleached, and finished, but the company pnrcha.se and finish at the Kast Village works three times as much more, finishing two thousand pieces per day. The mills at North Village have fifty thousand spindles in constant operation, and with those in use in the woolen mills the company have in service about twenty steam-engines, with an aggregate of one thousand five hundred horse power, and with the same amount of water power. For their purposes the company use the entire available water power of the lake, having the right to use four and a half feet of the water. Mr. II. N. Slater, the president of the com]iany, is a son of Mr. Samuel Slater, who inaugurated the business here in 1815. He, Mr. Samuel Slater, was the first to introduce the Arkwright system of spinning cotton into the I'nited States. The inventor of this pro- cess was dubbed a knight for his im[iortant in- vention. Mr. H. N. Slater, Jr., is the treasurer of the company, and father and son are alike noted for their zeal and enterprise, not only in the im- portant work in which they are personally in- terested, but in all things which tend to promote the welfare of their employees and the growth and progress of the town. The New York ofiice of the company Ls at No. 46 Leonard street. New York. The treasurer has an ofiice in Providence, No. (H North Main street, where he is to be found si.x ; months of each year. The pay-rolls of the Slater companies aggregate §10,000 per week. Cyrus Spaillding', Hardware, Iron, and Stoves, Woodenware and Agricultural Tools. — This gentleman is an extensive dealer in hardware, iron, stoves, woodenware, and agricultural tfjols, and stands at the head of the trade in each of these lines in this community. The business was founded by his father, Mr. Erastus Spaulding, in 1834, and has been in possession of the present proprietor some twenty years. The premises occupied by the business comprise the ground floor, 20.xl00 feet in front, and in rear 37 feet in width, divided into salesrooms, ofiice, and shop, and a room on the second floor 20.\40 feel. The general stock here are as follows, viz.: President, Erastus Jones ; vice presidents — David Prouty, Henry R. (ireen, Isaac L. Pronty ; treasurer, C. T. Linley; trustee< — Nathan Hersey, David Bemis, John L. Bush, Thomas A. Prouty, E. II. Ilowland, George A. Craig, l)avid Prouty, H. K. I ireen, Isaac L. Prouty, Erastus Jones; investment <-'imrnittee — Erastus Jones, Nathan Ilersey, David Bemis, E. H. Howland, George A. Craig. This institution is purely a savings bank, conducted wholly in the interest of the people who with small means desire to secure a safe investment and in- terest upon their savings. Its last annual statement sliows upward of seventeen hundred open accounts, and over §450, 000 aggregate deposits. The presi- dent holds the same capacity in the Spencer National Bank, is at the head of the well-known firm of E. Jones is, Co., boot and shoe manufacturers, in Spencer, and is prominently identified with the material welfare of the community. The treasurer is a gentleman of marked financial ability, and the board of trustees comprise much of tlie business element of the town. F. M. Knowlton, Books, Stationery, News- papers, Periodicals, Fruits, Confectionery, Cigars, and Tobacco, No. 141 Main Street. — One of the best patronized business establishments is that con- ducted by Mr. F. M. Kncjwltou. The business was established here some fifteen years ago by Mr. E. M. Bliss, the present proprietor assuming possession in 1886. The store is well stocked with books, sta- tionery, periodicals, fruits, confectionery, cigars, to- bacco, toys, sporting goods, and holiday articles of every description. It is a popular headquarters for the Boston dailies, county and State newspapers, and during the holiday season will present unsur- passed attractions in the line of presents, both use- ful and ornamental, for both old and young, includ- ing the latest styles and novelties in Christmas and New Year's cards, toys, dolls, games of all kinds, albums, bric-a-brac, and various articles that are looked for in every first-class establishment of this kind. Mr. Knowlton is a native of Vermont, but has resided in Spencer for thirty-five years. B. C. Dlistin, Plain and Fancv Baker, No. 7 Wall Street.— The popular bakery "of ISIr. B. C. Dustin was established here in June, 1879, and has always enjoyed an excellent reputation and a lib- eral patronage. The premises occupied for the business are large and commodious, and every facil- ity is at hand for carrying on the business success- fully. Tlie store is well arranged and appointed, and an air of cleanliness pervades the entire estab- lishment, while the inviting display of merchandise is as tempting as that of any similar store in this section. Delicious bread and cakes fresh from the oven, in both plain and fancy styles, are always to be obtained here at reasonable prices. Five skilled and experienced hands are constantly employed. The patronage of the establishment is large and intluential, extending throughout the towns of Spencer, Leicester, all the Brookfields, and the sur- rounding country. Mr. Dustin is a native of Mas- sachusetts, enterprising in all his business methods, and very popular with all his patrons. \ A. G. Pease & Co., Hardware, Paints, Oil, Brushes, Glas.s, etc.. No. KiO Main Street. — This lirm established their business here in January, 188"), and have since become widely and favorably known as extensive dealers in hardware, stoves and tinware, ranges and furnaces, paints, oils, and glass, cutlery, plumbing goods, ste.ira and water- piping, etc. The firm occupy a tine, large store and basement 35x78 feet each. Having ac(]uired an intimate knowledge of the wants of the public in their line, they study to please their patrons in every essential respect. They carry a very large and varied stock of liardware suited to the wants of the housekeeper, the builder, the mechanic, and the farmer, while in stoves, furnaces, and ranges the assortment comjirises all the latest improve- ments for both heating and cooking. In tin and sheet-iron work the firm are abundantly able to execute the best and most thorough work known to the trade, every facility being at hand for the prompt fulfillment of all orders. Eight clerks and workmen are constantly employed, and the trade is brisk and lively. The members of the firm are Messrs. A. G. Pease and C. S. Ayres. W. M. 3Iaynard, Druggist, Heyward's Block, Main Street. — The estalilishment of Mr. W. M. Maynard is one of the finest and best patronized drug stores in Spencer. It was established in 1872, by Slessrs. Hall & Raymond, and conducted by Dr. Marcus Hall from 1873 to 1879, when the present proprietor assumed possession. The store is 20x40 feet in dimensions, and attractive in all its interior ar- rangements and appointments. The stock of goods comprises the purest and freshest drugs, all the standard family medicines, and an elegant line of toilet articles, perfumery, and fancy goods, choice brands of cigars, confectionery, and soda and min- eral waters. Special attention is given to the prepa- ration of physicians' prescriptions, the laboratory being tnider the most competent su])ervision, and absolute accuracy being assured in all cases. Mr. JIaynard is also well known as the manufacturer of Dr. W. M. Moses' never-failing ointment. Dr. Hall's cough syrup, and other remedies. Mr, Maynard is a native of Massachusetts and an ac- complished pharmacist. John J. Mulcahy, Clothing, Hats, Caps, and Gents' Furnishing (ioods. No. 47 Mechanic Street. — One of the most popular clothing estab- lishments in Spencer is that of Mr. John J. Mul- cahy, who established his business here in 188.1, and has built up a large and active trade in ready- made clothing, hats, caps, gents' furnishing goods, trunks, and valises. The line of goods carried is such as to meet the wants of the most fastidious and fashionable, as well as those of small means, and comprises ready-made suits, both domestic and foreign, which are offered at very low prices; the latest styles of hats and caps, and all the novelties and standard goods in gentlemen's neckwear, under- wear, white and colored shirts, hosiery, gloves, handkerchiefs, collars and cuffs, and valises, trunks, and bags. To those desiring a splendid grade of clothing, equal to the best custom-made, this house commends itself as one that can be implicitly relied on, and the best inducements are offered to all classes of purchasers. Mr. Mulcahy is very succes- ful in meeting the popular demand in his line of trade. 130 TOfl^X OF SPENCER. Bemis & Allen, Manufacturers of Men's, Boys', and Youtlis' Thick and Kip Boots, Maple Street. — For a long number of years this house lias been favorably known to the trade, and its products have ail established rt-iiutation for uniforru good quality tliat gives tlie lirm a prestige of high character wherever it is known. The present lirm was organized in December, 1S79, as successors to Messrs^ David Prouty & Co., and are known to the trade as extensive manufacturers of men's, boys', and youths' thick and kip boots. The premises occupied for manufacturing purposes con- sist of a tive-story building S4x4U feet in di- mensions, specially adapted for the business, and furnished with every requisite and modern appli- ance for manufacturing tirst-class goods. Fifty hands are employed in the factory, and some sixty are given employment at their homes, all the bot- toming being done outside. By h)ng experience in the business, with efficient superintendence and with ample facilities for production, the lirm can ofier special inducements and advantages to the consideration of the trade, and rely solely upon the merits of their output for continued success and permanent patronage. Their trade is large and active, particularly throughout the Western States. To those of our readers who are buyers of the class of goods here manufactured we would cordially commend this house as one with whom it is always a pleasure to do business. The members of the firm are Messrs. t'. .V. Bemis and . Eaiiy, George L. Cooke, President. — The Milford Mutual Kire Insurance Company was incorporated in 1851, and immediately entered upon a career of usefulness wliich has been continued until to-day with increasing jh-os- perity. The chief executive ofHcers of the company are as follows, viz.: President, Geo. L. Cooke; treasurer, J. P. Daniels; secretary, Ctco. G. Parker. These officers are assisted by a board of directors, consisting of the following gentlemen: Geo. L. Cooke, B. K. Harris, I. N. Davis, E. Maun, J. Wilmarth, S. Mathewson, L. H. Cook, J. P. Daniels, Geo. Beatty, J. H. Barker, G. G. Parker, Albert Wood, 11. L. Patrick, J. AVhittemore, and T. B. Bailey. The affairs of the company are most zealously guarded by its officers, who have made a record which has gained the confidence of all with whom they have had business relations. Conserva- tism rather than ha.ste, carefulness rather than im- pulsiveness, final profit rather than present volume of business, have been the leading mottoes of their insurance creed. The business transacted is dis- tributed throughout the State of Massachusetts principally, insurance being written upon dwel- lings, furniture, barns, and farm property at the ■ lowest rates. It also includes all damage by light- ning in all risks. Its low rates on policies wlien insured, and its large dividends at expiration — fifty per cent, on five years, and twenty-five per cent, on others — combined with the fact that it has made no assessments on its policy-holders since its organi- zation, has met all its liabilities jiromptly and hon- orably, and has never resisted claims by litigation but in a single instance, serve to commend the company unreservedly to the confidence and patron- age of the public. The company has at present about one million dollars at risk, and is now writing on the best class of dwelling-houses and their con- tents at the rate of one per cent, for five years. Simonds & Adams, Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods and Small Wares, No. 11- Main Street. — The popular dry goods emporium of Messrs. Simonds A Adams was first established in Jlilford in 1868, the founders being Messrs. Simonds & Knowlton, who were succeeded by the present firm in 1874. The store is very eligibly situated and is 22x90 feet in size, and is admirably ar- ranged with modern conveniences, including a money railway and other appointments for facili- tating the transaction of its large business. Here is gathered an extensive stock of dry goods and small wares, embracing dress goods in silk, satin, velvet, woolen, cotton, etc., in all the latest patterns and designs, gloves, hosiery, ribbons, laces, em- broideries, handkerchiefs, linen goods, cotton fabrics, white goods, housekeeping goods, dress trimmings, underwear, and notions of various kinds too numerous to mention here. The store is eminently popular and the business transacted is not only large in volume, but is conducted in such a manner as to make every customer a permanent patron. With close and careful buying from importers and manufacturers and being ever on the alert for the latest and most desirable novelties, the facilities of this house for pleasing its customers are not sur- passed by an}' of its contemporaries. The mem- bers of the firm are Messrs. E. P. Simonds and E. T. Adams, the former a Vermonter by birth, the atter a native of Milford. W. H. Bourne & Co., I>ry and Fancy Goods, Dress Trimmings, etc., No. 10(j Main Street. — This establishment is one of the most popular resorts in the "shopping district" of the town, and its popularity has been won l.iy honorable and enter- prising business methods. The house was founded some years ago by Mr. A. A. Colburn, and has been in possession of the present firm since April, 1884. The store is 20x(;0 feet in dimensions and admira- bly arranged. The stock comprises every descrip- tion of dry goods of both foreign and domestic manufacture, embracing hosiery, gloves, corsets, ribbons, cottons, and white goods of all kinds, and a spei'ialty is made of dress trimmings. The assort- ment of these goods, and other articles too numerous to mention, is large and comprehensive, and com- prises everything usually looked for in a representa- tive dry goods establisliment. The stock is kept lip to a very liigh standard of excellence, and new goods and late styles are continually arriving from the most reliable and fashionai)le sources of sup])ly. The prices which rule are fair and equitable, and the patronage is large and iuUuential in Milford and its surrounding country. Jlr. Bourne, the active member of the firm, is a Massachusetts man, born and bred. J. Allen Rice, Druggist, No. 116 Main Street. — A reference to the drug trade of ililford suggests at once the house of Mr. J. Allen Bice, whicli was founded in 1846 by Mr. E. L. Hilliard, who was succeeded in 18.54 by Mr. L. J. Wilson, who conducted the business until the accession of the present proprietor in 1870. The store is one of the most attractive in town, 2.5x60 feet in dimen- sions, while the stock carried embraces a great vari- ety of drugs and chemicals for various uses, as well as a complete assortment of family medicines, tinc- tures, extracts, toilet goods and perfumes, whUe specialties are made of the sale of Williams' lini- ment and Dr. Flatley's cough syrup. A specialty is also made of the compounding of pihysicians' prescriptions and family recipes, every care and accuracy being exercised, and only the purest and freshest drugs being employed. The house com- mands a first-class and inlluential jiatronage. Em- ployment is given to two clerks. Prices are placed at the lowest figure, and promjit attention accorded to every patron. Mr. Rice is a Massachusetts maa by birth, and an accomplished pharmacist. G. W. Stacy, Books and Stationery, No. 86 Main Street. — The leading book and stationery store in Milford, as well as the oldest, is that of Mr. (i. W. Stacy. Mr. Stacy established himself here in 1830 as a printer and publisher, and is a good practical printer. In 1846 he embarked in the book and stationery trade. Being a literary connoisseur and a gentleman of liberal education, he was successful in catering to the tastes of the public in that direction. He occupies a commodious .store 20x60 feet in size, and carries a fine and well-se- lected stock of liter.ature, including many of the standard works of English and American authors, and a line of fine .stationery, albums, holiday goods, etc., all of which are patronized by the general jjublic. His trade is large and influential tlirough- out Milford and the surrounding towns. Mr. Stacy, although in his seventy-seventh year, is still hale, hearty, and vigorous. TOWN OF LEOMINSTER, One of the pleasq^test towns in this section, Leominster, is situated in the northeastern part of "Worcester county, on the line of the Old Colony railroad four miles southeast from Fitchburg ; it is twenty miles north from Worcester and fifty-three miles northwest from Boston via the Boston and Fitchburg railway. It was erected into a town in 1740, and was set off from Lancaster. The first houses here were built by Gershon Houghton and James Boutell in 172.5. Eev. John Rogers was the first minister to be ordained, in 1743. The town comprised Leominster and North Leominster. Through the former runs the Old Colony railroad, and through the latter the Fitcliburg and the Hoosac Tunnel lines, giving the town superior transportation facilities in every direction. Excellent hydraulic force is furnished by the Nashua river, Baker's brook, and several smaller streams. The surface of the township is, for the most part, regular, a dozen hills individualiziug tliem- selves here and there. Of these North and Soutlv Monoosnock are the principal ones, the latter lifting its liead ten hundred and twenty feet above tidewater, and ribbed with granite of a superior quality. The southerly section of the town is rugged, and, taken as a whole, Leominster is agriculturally strong and productive, especially in grass and the hardier fruits. Monument square is located in the heart of the business portion of Leominster, and from this inclosure rises the granite shaft that commemorates the valor of the soldiers that went hence into the late war. This square is also the converging point of tlie five principal streets, ]\Iain, West, Pleasant, Central, and Mechanic. Contiguous to it is that distinctive feature of all New England villages, the "Common," and clustered about the hatter and the square are the Town Hall, several churches, and the representative business establishments of the town. Public schools abound in Leominster, and are of the best. General interest in education has always heen a marked characteristic of our people, the result of which is observable in a high average of in- telligence. Tlie legal division into school districts common to the State of Massachusetts has never been adopted in this town, but this fact has by no means interfered with the systematic instruction and education of our children. The schools are numbered from one to eighteen, and, exclusive of the High School, comprise grammar, intermediate, primary, and ungraded schools. A conscientious and efficient system is pursued, whose results are every way comparable with those achieved under the district method. The public library is exceptionally large, when the number of the population is considered, cna- taining, as it does, more than ten thousand volumes. Excellent apartments in the Town Hall are devoted to it. The privileges of the library are free to all. The reading-room is well supplied with the current newspapers and periodicals, and not the least interesting and creditable feature of the institution is the museum. Leominster people are a church-going community, as is fully evidenced by the number of religious societies here and the manner in which they are supported. Following is the list : Central Baptist, First Congregational (Unitarian), Methodist Episcopal, Orthodox Congregational, St. Leo's (Roman Catholic), and the Congregational, the latter at North Leominster. A national bank, with a capital of ?1.'JO,000, a savings institution, with a liberal list of depositors, and a generously maintained weekly news|)aper are important adjuncts that should not be forgotten. The humane and social qualities of our people find expression in the operation of several societies and associations. Freemasonry and Oddfellowship, Knights of Honor, and American Order of United Workmen, the vSons of Temperance, and tlie Hibernians are severally represented by lodges, the Women's Christian Temperance Union and the Ladies' Auxiliary Society are prominent among the organizations successfully carried on by women, while the veterans of tlie Grand Arrav of tlie Republic have their post. Besides these there are several smaller societies whose work is equally honorable and useful in its results. The town is well lighted, and the supply of water is abundant and the quality good. The water- works have been in operation since 1S7.S. Morse brook, a mile and a half from the business centre, is the source of supply. The storage capacity of the reservoir is one hundred and fifty millions of gallons, the pressure seventy-nine pounds to the square inch; fire hydrants are located in every part of the town, and water is distributed through some nineteen mUes of pipe, the service being thoroughly efficient and satisfactory. 147 148 TOWN OF LEOMINSTER. We have already referred to the agricultural resources of Leominster, but its manufactures are even more noticeable and notable. IMore tlian a quarter of a century ago they were very considerable, and during tliat period their extent and value have very materially appreciated. The beginning of manufactures dates back more than one hundred years, since we find that the- making of horn combs was inaugurated in 1775. This industry, in conjunction with the manufacture of jewelry and a great variety of fancy goods from liorn, lias done more than any other to bring about the present condition of Leominster as a business centre. The toy factory located here is said to be the largest in the world, and that for the manufacture of children's carriages enjoys a similar distinc- tion in its line. Paper and furniture, linen and woolens, leather board and piano cases, are also exten- sively produced, together with sliirts and machinery. Leominster is still growing, new buildings are going up all the time and are occupied as soon as completed, manufacturers and merchants are continually extending their resources, and it would be impossible to find a community of six thousand persons more really contented, prosperous, and hopeful. Edward M. Rockwell, Manufacturer of Fancy Cassiraercs, Silk Mixed, and Wool Suitings. — The concern of which 1\L-. Edward !M. Kockwell is the head is one of the most extensive and im- portant in Leominster, and occupies a leading posi- tion in its particular line. The business was in- augurated in 1877, and has attained a high degree of prosperity. The principal mill is located on Pond street, occupying a fonr-story brick building 50x100 feet in area, which is equipped with a full complement of the finest machinery and devices, the outfit including in part nine sets of cards, thirty-five hundred sjiindles, and thirty-four broad looms. The range of production embraces worsteds and fancy cassimeres, silk mixed, and wool suitings. A force of one hundred and thirty hands is given constant employment, an average of eight hundred yards being turned out daily. The washing and removal of the animal oil are thorough, and the spinning is carefully adjusted to the nature of the wool and the quality or grade into which it is to be brought. The reputation of the cassimeres and worsteds made at these mills is of the highest character. They are unsurpassed in the compact- ness of the fabric, in the shortness of the nap, in the smoothness of finish, and in that remarkable quality of the best English goods, the freshness of their ap[)earance after months of constant wear. The trade of the establishment is confined to no particular territory, orders being received from all parts of the Union. The superior merits of the cloth have created a heavy demand not only from the dealers throughout the country, but also a local demand for ends and reumants, which are sold at the mill. Mr. Rockwell is a native of Massachu- setts, a prominent and representative man. E. F. Pierce, Furniture, Bedding, and Car- pets, Nos. 6 and 8 Monoosnock Block, Monument Sqviare. — This house, which bears the marks of en- terprise and judicious management, was established in 1885, and, although not so old as some others, it has become a favorite resort for those who desire first-class furniture, bedding, and carpets at the most moderate prices. The premises occupied are very spacious and admirably arranged, and contain an extensive stcjck of parlor, library, reception, dining-room and bed-room furniture, also domes- tic carpets of the very latest and most fashion- able designs from the best domestic looms, bed- ding of every description, etc. The great feature of this establishment lies in the fact that any of these goods, which are all of a superior quality, may be had here at lower prices either for cash or on in.stallment jilan than are asked else- where for inferior goods. Mr. Pierce was born in Arlington, Mass. Railey & Biirrage (Successors to E. R. Knapp), Dealers in Stoves, Ranges, Furnaces, Monument Square. — Prominent among the busi- ness firms of the town, and the most extensive in its particular line, is that of Messrs. Railey & liurrage. The liouse has had along career of use- fulness, having been founded as far back as 1858, by E. R. Knapp. Messrs. J. J. Railey and H. E. Burrage formed the present copartnership and as- sumed control and ownership January 1st, 1885. The store is 25x50 feet in dimensions, conveniently arranged for the exhiliition and inspection of goods, and provided with all facilities calculated to bear favorably upon the conduct of the business. The firm deal largely in stoves, ranges, furnaces, and general kitchen furnishings, carrying a very com- jilete stock, and prosecuting a heavy and growing trade. The display is very attractive, and the va- riety, extent, and quality of the goods shown ac- count fully for the popularity and prosperous con- dition of the concern. Messrs. Railey & Burrage have eflected most advantageous arrangements for the purchase of supplies, such, indeed, as justify them in offering very strong inducements to cus- tomers in the matter of prices. The establishment is one of the most progressive and responsible mentioned in these pages. Jobbing of all kinds is promptly attended to, and tin roofing is thoroughly and artistically done. A. M. Policy & Son, Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, No. 4 Monoosnock Block. — One of the oldest and most successful concerns in this line of trade is that of Messrs. A. M. Polley & Son. The business was founded in 184S by Mr. A. N. Polley, who afterward associated with him Mr. F. W. I'olley, his son, who has since succeeded to the entire proprietorship. Mr. F.W. I'olley is a native of Leoinin.ster. With the assistance of a compe- tent clerk he is conducting an excellent trade which is constantly increasing in proportions. His finely furnished store is 40x25 feet in dimensions, and is filled with a large, superior stock of boots, shoes, and rubbers, for men's, women's, and child- ren's wear. The goods are the best in the market, and are purcluised direct from the most reliable manufacturing centres. The prices are as low as could be desired. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 149 A. W. Williams (Successor to Joslin & I success, the trade being exceedingly heavy. The Williams), Manufacturer of Imitation Jet, Kubber, premises occupied comprise a lumber yard 100x300 and Shell Jewelry, Combs, and Novelties. — Promi- feet in dimensions and a commodious two and uent among the flourishing establishments in Leo- three story structure used as a saw and planing minster is the widely known concern of JSIr. A. W. 'mill, supplied by a one-hundred-horse power engine - l^r J ^i; rrr Williams, the salesroom of which is under the capa- ble and efficient management of Jlr. E. B. Kingman, at No. 419 Broadway, New York. This jirosperous enterprise was started in 1870, and from its incep- tion has been continued with the most gratifying success, the products being in steady and extensive demand throughout the whole of the United States, owing to the uniformly high standard of excellence they have always maintained, all these goods being made of real S. A. H., and for which Mr. Williams received the award from the United States (^enten- nial Commission of the International Exhibition, Philadelphia, 187(i. The factory is a substantial 45x100 two-story frame structure, sujiplied with a thirty-horse power engine, and completely equipped ■with the most improved machinery and appliances, and employment is afforded to upward of seventy- five expert hands. The products include hair-pins, combs, bracelets, brooches, and a variety of useful and ornamental articles in imitation jet, rubber, and shell for the coiffure, the neck, and hand wear, and some fifty gross of hair-pins are turned out ■daily. Mr. Williams, who was formerly of the firm of joslin & Williams, who established this busi- ness, is a native of this State. Tenney & Kenney (Successors to Stratton ]?rothers & Co. i. Manufacturers of and Pealers in Lumber, Building Frames, Shingles, Clapboards, Laths, etc.; Office, Yard, and Steam Mills on Me- chanic Street. — .^ leading and noteworthy firm is that of Tenney & Kenney, manufacturers of and deal- ers in lumber, building frames, shingles, lath, etc., ■whose capacious and well-e<|uipped establishment has been in continuous and successful existence uea rly a quarter of a century. This prosperous concern was started in 1H62 by Stratton Broth- ers & Co., and by them conducted up to 1874, when they were succeeded by the enterprising and popu- lar firm whose name heads this sketch, and who have since continued the business with eminent and boiler, and thoroughly equipped with the best machinery, together with large sheds, office, etc., and a large force of hands are employed. An ex- tensive stock is constantly carried, embracing rough and dressed lumber of all kinds, buililing frames, clapboards, shingles, lath.s, moldings, etc., and {ilaning, matching, and job work are done to order. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. J, G. Tenney and Clesson Kenney. O. A. Taft, Dry Goods, Notions, Hosiery, White Good.s, etc., Hotel Block.— Mr. Taft estab- lished himself in business in ISSO, and has by untiring energy and endless enterprise acquired a large trade, has found favor at the hands of the public, and is recognized as a leader, when fine goods and low prices are concerned. Mr. Taft is a native of U.xbridge, Mass. His store covers an area of 60x25 feet and is furnished in excel- lent style. An immense assortment is carried of dry goods, notions, hosiery, white goods, and small wares of every description, every line being replete with the freshest goods and latest novelties. Three clerks are employed, and Mr. Taft sees to it closely that every patron is given the best of attention. A. I>. Clark, Flour, Grain, Meal, Baled Hay and Straw, Coolc's Block. — Mr. A. L. Clark is carrying on an extensive wholesale and retail busi- ness as a general dealer in flour, grain, meal, baled hay and straw. The business of this responsible house was established in 1884 by Mr. R. M. Flint, Mr. Clark succeeding to the proprietor- ship in November, 1886. This gentleman is a native of Massachusetts. He is located in Cook's Block, where he occupies a store 1 00x25 feet in dimensions. The store is filled with a large stock of the finest and medium grade flour, and the best grain, meal, salt of all kinds, graham and oat meals, baled hay and .straw. Two clerks are em- ployed, and a good trade is carried on. 150 TOWN OF LEOMINSTER. F. A. AVhitnoy Carriage Conipanj, Manufacturers of Children's Carriages.— The F. A. well-directed establishments whose operations liave for years contributed largely to the advancement of ^_^ the commerce and reputation of ^"^ ~ ^™l the town. This valuable enter- prise was started in 18oS by Messrs. F. W. and F. A. Whit- ney, under whose progressive management it grew steadily in intluence and proportions. In June, 1S71, the better to facili- tate the conduct of the business- it was changed to a stock com- pany, with F. A. Whitney, presi- dent ; F. \V. Whitney, treasurer, and a capital of 88-l,OOU. It now ranks as one of the largest and most important concerns of its kind in the United States. The premises occupied are lo- cated near the Old Colony rail- road, and consist of five build- ings, varying from one to three stories in height, together with yards, lumber sheds, and minor conveniences. Four acres of ground are covered. The outfit of machinery and appliances in- cludes all labor-saving devices that can be advantageously used to increase production, economize cost, and at the same time secure the best mechanical results. The company are manufacturers of children's carriages of every de- scription, an immense number being turned out annually and shipped freely to all parts of this countrj', Canada, Europe, and Australia. The goods hold a strong place in the favor of the trade. They are made in many dill'erent styles, combine strength and durability with artistic con- struction, and possess various ex- cellencies peculiar to themsel ves. A handsome catalogue, fnlly il- lustrated, is published by the conijiany. In the several de- partments of the factory one luindred and fifty hands are em- ployed, many of whom have been with the bouse for years. A very large and complete stock is kept on hand,from which the heaviest orders are filled with ease. All of the extraordinary facilities of the company enable it to place goods on the market at prices that cannot be afforded by com- petitive houses whose situation is less favorable. The establish- ment is promjit, reliable, and resjionsible, and its officers are among our prominent, substan- tial, and public-spirited citizens. Its already wide usefulness and trade are being rapidly advanced through the enterprising efforts of the management in bringing Whitney Carriage Company represents one of those I its claims properly before its extensive constitu- intelligently organized, thoroughly equipped, and | ency. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 151 W. S. Reed Toy Company, Inventors, Manufacturers, and Exporters of Toys, Novelties, and Games, also the " Universal Tricycle ; " Fac- tories, near Depot. — Much of the credit for the prosperous condition of the toy interests in this country is due to the representative house of the W. S. Reed Toy Company, of tliis town. The com- pany ^ as incorpoi ated in 1881, with a cipit il of I $25,000. The manufacturing plant nunprises three buildings, tlie main one being a tive-story fraiue structure 60x25 feet in dimensions. This _ is equipped with specially designed machinery, which is operated by a forty -horse power steam engine and boiler. The president of the company and the founder of the business, Mr.W. S. Reed, is a native of Sterling, Mass., and the treasurer, Mr. C. E. of every description, and also the " Universal Tri- cycle." The factory is connected by telephone, and orders are given prompt attention. The com- pany have an office and salesroom at No. 241 Broadway, New York, where a tine line of samjiles is always kept on hand. Mr. W. S. Reed and Mr. (.!. E. Dresser compose the United States Mailing Case Company, which is of recent origin. They are the sole manufacturers and agents of the only patent liquid mailing case ap- proved by the Postmaster General, hav- ing began operations in the month of September, 1880, for sending liquids and other articles in the mails. The Davis is the only case patented complying with the regulations of the Postmaster Gene- ral, and has been approved by liim. It IS made of wood, lined with cork, and has a tight-fitting screw lid, with rubber cushion, and accommodates glass bottles, in which the liquid to be transniitted is placed. These cases are made in sizes from one dram to four ounces, the limit which can be sent, and are especially adapted for oil dealers, druggists, per- fumers, patent medicines, etc. The en- graving presented in connection with this article will give the reader an intelligent idea of the "Davis patent case(" The United States Mail- ing Case Company are well equipped for turning out these cases, and are already driven with orders. Special sizes are made as required. The company issue a descriptive price-list, which is sent free to all applicants. Parties interested in transmitting Dresser, was born at Lee, Mass. Both these gen- tlemen are educated to their business. In the mau- ufivcture of toys they exhibit that fertility of con- ception and grasp of what are novelties that will readily take with the public. As a result the com- pany have secured not only a large domestic trade in all parts of the Union, but have built up an ex- tensive export business with Germany, England, Holland, and Australia. From seventy-five to one hundred hands are employed. The manufactures of the concern embrace toys, novelties, aud games liquids, powders, etc., as samples to customers, will greatly serve their own interests by correspon Slassachusetts. CITY OF FITCHBURG. The mere name of this representative Massachusetts city lias an honest Saxon ring. It is a strong, wholesome word upon the lips and in the ear, and fits the town and the people it stands for. Fitehburg lias always seemed to us a place of .strength and substance. Many a time, years ago, when the writer of this hasty and imperfect sketch was a boy, has he passed by and through the Fitehburg Passenger Depot, in Boston, and he used to wonder if the town was as substantial and strong as that structure. And afterward, when he came to know somewhat of the people who made the town at the other end of the rails that terminated within this massive granite buOding, the latter stood as a type of the former. Location. The city of Fitehburg is situated in the northern part of Worcester county, of which it is one of the capitals, forty miles northwest from Boston. The city of Worcester is twenty-six miles to the south, and Lowell thirty miles distant on the east. The north branch of the Nashua river runs through the heart of the town, giving a water-power whose employment has been largely operative in building up this highly prosperous community. It is divided into Crockerville, Rockville, South Fitehburg, Traskville, and West P^itchburg, and was erected into a city in the year 1872. The present population rises fourteen thousand. A Bit of History. The territory now covered by the city of Fitehburg was formerly part and parcel of the town of Lunenburg. The latter was originally settled about the year 1728 ; at any rate, it was in this year that a church wps formed, and the organization of a church was one of the first things with the pioneers of that period and this State. "Turkey Hills" was the popular name by which the place, or the spot, rather, was spoken of, because of the immense number of wild turkeys that frequented the neiglilior- hood. Not a few of the first settlers were Scotch and Irish, and a touch of some of their best qualities may yet be felt in some of those who to-day walk the streets and carry on the business of the modern city. More than a touch has been exhibited in the forces that have built it up and given it the com- mercial and social stamina by which it is distinguished. February 3d, 1764, is the date of the birth of the town of Fitehburg, for then it was duly set apart from Lunenburg and constituted a distinct corporation. Its history is uneventful, and its growth was slow until stage-coaching gave way to steam. It would seem that the first white visitor to the soil of Fitehburg was Mrs. Rowlandson, wife of the minister of Lancaster, who was brought from that place by the Indians after they had destroyed it, and spent the second night of her captivity on Rollstone Hill, February 11th (O. S.), 1576. Rollstone Hill, by the way, isa practically ine.xhaustible deposit of granite, and of the best quality, too. It has not only been very generously used here for building purposes, but immense quantities have been forwarded throughout the State and beyond. Railroads. Few cities of its size are equally well provided with railway connections. The Boston and Fiteh- burg Railroad Company was incorporated in 1842, and the road went into operation in December of the 156 C/TV OF FITCHBURG. next year. By it these two cities are directly connected. In addition to the main road there are several branches : The Watertown, seven miles in length ; the Marlboro division, from South Acton to MarL boro, a distance of twelve miles; Peterboro and Shirley br.anch, from Aver Junction to Greenville; the Boston and Fitebburg. The capital stock of the company is $5,000,000. In 18-18 the Vermont and Massachusetts road was completed, and includes the following lines: ritchlnirg to Greenfield ; Turner's Falls branch, from Greenfield to Turner's Falls ; Troy and ( jreenfield, from the latter place to North Adams. On January fst, 1874, this road was leased to the Boston and Fitchburg road for a period of nine hundred and ninety-nine years. The total number of miles operated is one luindred and ninety. The Cheshire road was organized in 1844. It runs from this city over the track of the Vermont BESIDEXCE OF HENRY A. CiUUDUICII, HIGH1,.\ND AVENVE, FITCHBURG. and Massachusetts to South Ashburham, and from the latter point to Bellows Falls, Vt-, the number of miles covered being sixty-four. In addition to these is the time-honored Old Colony. Common Schools. No better public schools are to be found in any inland town or city than those which the people of Fitchburg have provided for the education of their children. The system in vogue is a judiciously graded one, and it is the aim of the school committee and teachers to secure to the pupils a thorough and systematic course of jjractical instruction. There are now four grammar, seven intermediate, eleven secondary, twelve primary, and eight ungraded schools, besides the High School. To the latter, youth from every part of the city are eligible, and here may be gained a full preparation for business life or entrance upon a college course. A school committee composed of three citizens from each ward is elected by the people, the mayor being ex-officio chairman, and the president of tlie Common Council a member. A superintendent of schools has direct supervision of their ongoing. Salaries of teachers range from 5'5UO to §1,800, per annum. Drawing and singing are taught by special instructors. Churches. Fitchburg does not lack earnest and efficient church organization and attractive houses of worship. The First Congregational Church (Unitarian) was formed in 1768, and the Calvinistic Congregational CITY OF FITCHBURG. 157 Church in the following October — a contiguity of dates and names suggestive of an interesting bit of theological history. The first Baptist Church was organized in 1831, tlie first Methodist Episcopal in 1834, the first Universalist ten years subsequently ; Christ Church (Episcopal) in 1803, Eollstone Con- gregational in 1868, St. Bernard's and the Church of the iSacred Heart (both Roman Catholic) in 1847 and 1878 respectively. Besides these there are a Second Advent Society and the West Fitchburg Methodist Episcopal Church. Public Library. A good public library is one of the indispensable features of every Massachusetts community. That in this city was formed in 1859, when the Fitchburg Athenieum presented its carefully selected col- lection to the town. This has been added to from year to year by tlie city and private donors, until the number of books has now reached some eigliteen thousand volumes. It is in charge of a board of twelve trustees, whose members are chosen annually by the mayor and aldermen. The number of yearly patrons is about five thousand, and the books annually taken out number not far from forty thousand. Beneficial and Secret Societies, etc. Fitchburg people are noted for their philanthropic and benevolent spirit, as well as their social and hospitable temper. Tlie large number of beneficial, secret, and similar societies that are in successful operation here attests the prevalence of the qualities indicated above. The Masonic Order is represented by four lodges and the Odd Fellows by two. Besides these may be mentioned societies of the Knights of Pythias, Knights of Honor, American Legion of Honor, Knights and Ladies of Honor, United Order of the Golden Cross, Royal Arcanum, Ancient Order of Hibernians, Railroad Men's Christian Association, Railroad Men's Relief Association, Firemen's Relief Association, Grand Army of the Republic, Sons of Veterans, Order of Railway ('onductors. Sons of St. George. There are four clubs — the Fitchburg Reform, Fitchburg Congregational, Fitchburg Literary, and the Windsor. The Fitchburg Benevolent Union and the Home for <')Id Ladies are active and useful insti- tutions in their line of work, while the Fitchburg Society for Medical Improvement is an influential body of physicians. The temperance cause has a strong and earnest following in this city and the work is well organized. St. Bernard's Total Abstinence Society is but one among several similar associations, and a number of temperance schools is carried on under the auspices of the Woman's Christian Tem- perance Union. The Fitchburg Board of Trade is an association of business men that has made itself felt in public as well as commercial affairs. Public Buildings. Lack of space precludes an enumeration or description of the numerous public edifices that adorn the streets and avenues of this attractive city. The municipal buildings are noticeable examples of sub- stantial architecture, thoroughly adapted to the purposes for which they were constructed, conveniently appointed, and well kept. The City Hall is supplemented by the Opera-House, Music Hall, and ten or eleven other audience- rooms for entertainments, lodge and society meetings, etc. There are many business buildings and blocks that challenge the attention of the visitors, the most conspicuous of which are the following: American House, Belding & Dickinson's, the Central, Cog- geshall & Carpenter's, the Crocker, Fitchburg Hotel, Fitchburg Savings Bank, Goodrich's, Hatch's, Post-Office, Rollstone Bank, Stiles, Torrey & Wood, Union AVachusett Bank, Whitney's, and the Wal- lace Library and Art Building. Banking Institutions. The character and condition of the financial institutions of any given community are a pretty fair index as to the prosperity and thrift of its people, and its general commercial strength and importance. Six banks testify to the high standing of Fitchburg in these respects. Four of them are national and two savings. Of the former, the Fitchburg National Bank is the oldest, having been chartered in 1832, under the State Banking laws. It was reorganized in 18('i.5 under the National Banking Act, and has a cap- ital of J!250,000, with a surplus of $140,000. The Rollstone National Bank received it first charter in 1849, was reincorporated in 1865; its cap- ital is $260,000, and its surplus !rl25,000. 158 CITY OF FITCHBURG. The Safety Fund National Bank began business in 1874, with a capital of $200,000, and shows a surplus of ?l.j,000. In 1875 the Wachusett National Bank opened its doors, and its surplus now equals its capital stock $250,000. The Fitchburg Savings Bank was incorporated in 184(5, and the Xorth Worcester Savings Institu- tion in 1868. Both of them do an excellent business, the deposits of the latter amounting to about 12,250,000. City Government. The administration of municipal affairs is committed to the hands of a mayor, Board of Aldermen, and Common Council. The annual election is liad on the first Tuesday in December, and the city government is formally organized on the first Monday of tlie following January. Six aldermen — one from each ward — compose the Board, and the Common Council consists of eighteen members — three from each ward. Police, Fire, and 'Water Service. The police force of Fitchburg is not large as compared with tlie size of the population. It consists of a chief, captain, and ten j^atrolmen, all appointed by tlie mayor. The Fire Department is efficiently organized, and is always kept in good working condition, ready for instant and zealous service. It is managed by a Board of Engineers, who have charge of a good set of new and a modern equipments, the latter consisting of three steam fire engines, one hook and ladder and four hose companies. Every part of the city is supplied with an excellent quality of water, abundant in quantity, and furnished to the inhabitants at reasonable rates. Industries. The manufactures and general business interests of Fitchburg are valuable and extensive. Con- spicuous among the former is a large number of machine shops devoted to the production of steam engines, mowers, reapers, and other agricultural implements, machinists' tools, etc. There are several iron and brass foundries in active operation, and paper, lumber, and chairs, edge tools, cloths and cassi- meres, files, cotton duck, boots and shoes are also prominent items. Garfield. & Proctor, Wholesale Dealers in Anthracite and Bituminous Coal. — A business house that stands prominently forward in its respective field of commercial enterprise, and which is of far- reaching importance to the city of Fitchburg, is that of which Messrs. Garfield & Proctor are the proprietors and active managers. This house was founded in 1804, and has achieved prominence in the mercantile world through the extent of its operations. Messrs. Garfield & Proctor are general wholesale and retail dealers in anthracite and bitu- minous coal and in hay. Their headquarters are at No. 21 Water street, where they occupy a hand- somely cquipjied office and direct all the operations of their extensive business. The firm h.ave two large coal yards in Fitcliburg, one located on the Fitchburg railroad covering an area of 300x40 feet, the other on the Old Colony railroad, having similar dimensions. These yards are always kept well stocked with the best quality of coal, and ten hands are kept busy in handling it. The stock of hay carried by tlie firm is kept in an iron-clad storehouse located on the track of the Fitchburg railroad, having dimensions of 60x50 feet. They have unrivaled facilities for supplying their exten- sive wholesale trade, having a wharf at New Bed- ford for receiving and storing coal, which is delivered as wanted to cars of the Old Colony rail- road for transportation to the various points on that road and its connections, while cargoes de- signed for distribution on the line of the Fitchburg r.ailroadare received and discharged at the wharves of that corporation on Charles river, Boston. They have also special arrangements with the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company for the supply of their celebrated Lackawanna coal by all-rail shipmentdi- rect from the mines to all pointson the Iloosac Tun- nel line. By similar arrangements with operators in the Clearfield region of Western Pennsylvania, they liave equal facilities for the supjdy of bitu- minous coal. This method of supplying coal by all-rail shipment saves to dealers and consumersa large amount of waste and expense in handling, which is unavoidable by the usual method of water transportation. Messrs. Garfield & Proctor's Boston office is located in one of the Hub City's fine.st architectural structures, the Mason Building on Liberty .square. With every facility for handling goodsand with such an extensive field of operations, Messrs. Garfield h Proctor are in a position to ofler unexceled advantages to parties dealing in or using, in small or large quantites, coal or hay. Mr. J. F. D. Garfield is a native of New Hampshire, but has long been a resident of Massachusetts. He has Iiad large experience in the business in which he is en- gaged, and is well known for his enterprise and energy. He is possessed of stanch moral principles and sterling integrity of character, and is much esteemed by all who know him. His worthy partner, Mr. George N. Proctor, was born in Fitchburg, and h;is a wide circle of friends and acquaintances, by wliom he is universally esteemed. As a business man lie has no superior, and it is largely through his push and energy that the house of (Garfield tt Proctor has become one of the foremost mercantile institutions of the place. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 159 James McTaggart, Jr., jManufacturer of Fancy Cassimeres, Berwic'k Mill, West Fitcliburg. — Tills enterprising concern was started in ISSO, and from its inception to the present it has been attended wUli the most marked and encouraging success. The products of the establishment consist of a fine line of fancy cassimeres for men's wear, and these are very much appreciated bydealers and consumers everywhere for their uniform wearing qualities and their general excellence. The manu- facturing plant comprises three buildings, the nuiin •one being a three-story frame and brick structure 40x100 feet in dimensions, and equipped with six sets of cards, twenty-four broad looms, each ninety- two inches wide, and other necessary machinery. The driving force is furnished by water to the extent of forty-horse power, and steam up to sixty- horse power. The Berwick Mill cas-lmeres make up very serviceable and even himdsome suitings, and, being unexceptional in finish, weight, color, and stock and very durable, they form the most economical goods that a man can purchase. For this reason the Berwick Mill cassimeres have become exceedingly popular, and, indeed, may be said to have taken rank as the national business suiting of the day. Dry gooils dealers and clothiers find them very salable, and Mr. McTaggart is kept busy meeting the demand. In January, 18SG, he found it necessary to increase his resources for coping with the demand for his manufactures, and heacquired po.ssession of Baltic Mills, located about a quarter of a mile from lierwick Mill. The Baltic Mills consist of five buildings, which cover an area •of 100-xlOO feet. The main building is two stories high, is equipped with three sets of cards, sixteen ninety-two inch looms, etc., which are operated by both water and steam power. Fifty hands are employed, and the products of these mills embrace a fine class of cassimeres. Mr. McTaggart is a native of Scotland. The selling agents of the con- cern are Messrs. J. M. Valentine lii Co., No. 97 F"ranklin street, New York. !>. G. Wallace, Dealer in Boots, Shoes, and Rubbers, No. 170 Main Street. — Among the most popular and leading establishments in this branch of mercantile activity in Fitchburg can be named that of D. G. Wallace. This well-known concern was started in 1871, and from its inception down to the present day has been conducted with uniform success, the superiority of the goods, coupled with honorable dealing, being the special features con- tributing to the large and liberal patronage he has always enjoyed. The store is 25x60 feet in dimen- sions and fitted up and arranged with excellent taste, handsome and attractive walnut fixtures, two fine show windows, etc., rendering a splendid dis- play, and a heavy and Al stock is always carried on hand, including fine and medium boots andshoes for ladies, gentlemen, misses, boys, and children, also rubbers of all sizes, two polite and attentive clerks being employed, and popular prices prevail. Mr. Wallace is a native of Maine, and an old resi- dent in this city, v C. L. Fairbanks, Coal, Office No. 11 Day Street. — A leading and noteworthy concern in the city is that of C. L. Fairbanks, wholesale and retail dealer in coal, whose capacious and well-stocked yards .are situated on the p^itcliburg Railroad on Crocker street. This flourishing business was started in 1866, and is now exceedingly heavy and grows steadily apace with years. Jl.andling a first- class and reliable article, of strict integrity in his dealings, the result could hardly have been any other than the large measure of prosperity he de- servedly enjoys. The premises occupied comprise yards and sheds 200x100 feet in superficial area, with spacious and handsome office on Day street and a heavy and carefully assorted stock is con- stantly carried on hand to meet the requirements of the large demand, some ten or more hands being in regular service — coal exclusively being handled. Mr. Fairbanks is a native of Ashburnham, Mass., and is an old resident of this city. American Honse, George II. Cole & Son, Proprietors. — One of the landmarks in the rise and progress of this city is the well-known and popular hostelry, tlie American House, which has been conducted as a hotel since 1845. The Ameri- can, which is in all respects one of the leading hostelries in Fitchburg and first-class in all its ap- pointments, is an imposing four-story brick struc- ture, irregular in itsarehitectural construction, and contains ninety-five rooms, well aired, lighted, and ventiLated, and is completely equipped with all modern improvements and conveniences, including electric bells, hot and cold water, sanitary appli- ances, bath-rooms, telephone connection, and every arrangement that can minister to the comforts of guests. The entire building is finely furnished and well ordered, the dining-room possessing a ca- pacity to seat one hundred and twenty-five persons .at the same time, some twenty in help being em- ployed, and hacks attend on the arrival and depar- ture of all trains for the free transportation of guests to and from the hotel, although the House is situated directly opposite the depot. The cuisine also is, par excellence, the very best the market affords, every delicacy and table luxury in their season being provided, the rates, two dollars and two dollars and fifty cents, being extremely moder- ate for such excellent fare and superior accommo- dations. The proprietors, Messrs. G. H, and \V'. A. Cole, father and son resjjectively, are formerly of Leominster, this State, and well and favorably known in the community. E. B. Macy, Commission Merchant, and Wholesale Dealer in Foreign and Domestic Fruits and Produce, No. 186 Main Street and Nos. 31, 33, and 35 Day Street. — This stable and reliable house was established in 1875 by Mr. Macy, who has carried on the business with the most gratify- ing success. lie occu])ies two stores, one 40x60 feet on Day street, and the other 25x65 feet on Main street, with electric light in front (this being used as a retail department), and a heavy and varied stock is constantly carried, including, besides for- eign and n.ative fruits and produce of all kinds, also fine dairy products and vegetables, choice Ver- mont butter being a specialty. Heavy consign- ments are constantly beuig handled, foreign fruit being received by every steamer, and early south- ern produce coming direct weekly, and, altogether, an exceedingly fine traile is done, telephone con- nection and every facility being at liaud for expe- diting business. Mr. Macy is a native of this State, and an excellent reiireseutative of the progressive New England merchant. 160 CITY OF FITCHBURG. H. A. Goodrich & Co., Clothiers, Hatters, and I-'urrieis, Nos. 149 rnd 151 Main Street. — The well-ordered and flourishing emiiorium of H. A. Goodrich & Co., clothiers and gents' furnishers, is in all respects one of the leading and most reliable was for years a worthy resident of Lowell, remov- ing to Fitchburg to establish business here. His respected partner, Mr. Charles Irish, has resided in the United States for five years. The firm occupy a fine store, its dimensions, 100x25 feet, allowing ^^>f£-^ S C establishments in this line in the city, having been in continuous and successful existence for a period extending over thirty-one years. The house was founded in 1855 by the present senior member,who has since admitted into partnership W. L. Humes, thus constituting the popular and prosperous firm of H. A. Goodrich & t'o., who have since continued the business with eminent success. The premises occupied comprise a 40x 100-foot store, and basement of equal dimensions, in an attractive and substantial three and four story brick and freestone building, the interior being artistically and handsomely fitted up, the walls being elegantly frescoed, the woodwork mainly of cherry, and the floor of birch, while two massive plate-glass show windows, containing samples of the stock to be found within, render a splendid effect, and altogether an exceedingly fine display is made. An extensive and admirably selected stock is constantly carried, embrac- ing, besides a full and fine line of men's, youths', and boys' clothing, and an elegant assortment of gents' furnishing goods, neck- wear, scarf pins, and jewelry articles, under- garments, furs, trunks, traveling bags, and kin- dred articles in endless variety, also male head- wear of every description, including fine silk hats, Derbys, soft hats, caps, etc., and seven or more active and efficient assistants attend to the wants of customers. Messrs. Goodrich and Humes, who are natives respectively of this city and Shirley, Mass., are both gentlemen of unmistakable business ability, enjoying a deservedly high reputation. Girard & Iri.sh, Dry and Fancy Goods, No. 212 Main Street. — The importnnt house of Messrs. Girard & Irish wasfounded in this town in 1884, and is to-day a leader in its line of business. The mem- bers of the firm, Messrs. P. E. Girard and Charles F. Irish, are both natives of Canada. Mr. Girard the handling and display of an immense .stock. The store contains a superior stock of choice dry and fancy goods of every description, which are displayed to the best advantage. The elegant as- sortment comprises the latest and most fashionable fabrics of all kinds from foreign and domestic sources of manufacture, and the most fashionable goods can be found here in all seasons. This house is noted for selling fine goods at extraordi- narily low prices. A staff of nine clerks is em- ployed, and a large trade is constantly carried on. J. F. Chaffln, Dealer in Pianos, Organs, and General Musical Merchandise, No. 157 Main Street. — This admirably conducted concern was es- tablished in 1873, and by the uniform satisfaction rendered to patrons and purchasers, coupled with the foresight and energy that from the start have characterized its management, Mr. Chaffin steadily pushed his way to popular favor and prosperity, numbering to-day among his patrons many of the wealthy and foremost residents of Fitchburg and environs. He occupies an elegant 25xl00-foot store, handsomely and attractively fitted up and appointed, and carries constantly on hand an ex- ceedingly fine a.ssortment of pianos and organs, brass, string, and reed instruments of all kinds, sheet music, music books, piano stools, covers, and kindred articles of every description, in short, the largest and most varied stock ever ofiered in or around Fitchburg, including the Henry Y. Miller, the Hallett & Davis, Chickering & Sons, the AV. H. Jewett A Co., and New England pianos, and the Ma.son& Hamlin, the Smith American, and the New England organs. The establishnieiit has a telephone. Pianos and organs are rented at mode- rate rates, and instruments are tuned and repaired in the most superior and exiieditious manner. Mr. Chafiin is a native of this State. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. KU U. E. Cleveland, Dealer in First-Class, Ready-Made Clothing and Furnishings for Men, Youth, and Boys, No. 'Ah\ Main .Street. — ^Vniong the largest business interests of the country there are few that represent larger capital or wield a stronger influence than the clothing trade. In glancing over the houses engaged in this business in Fitcliburg one is naturally attracled to the fine store of Mr. U. E. Cleveland, in the Fitcliburg Savings Bank Building. This hou.se, although not established as long as others, has already attracteil to it a large patronage from the best classes of citi- zens, who find everything reliable and as repre- sented, and the satisfaction that is guaranteed in every garment that leaves the store. The business was established on March 1st, 1SS6, and by the energy and ability of the proprietor he has pushed his enterprise to a successful issue. He occupies a store 'i.oxlOO feet in size, which is fitted up in tl\e most attractive manner, with handsome show-cases and fixtures and every appliance for the successful transaction of business. 1 le carries one of the largest and finest assortments of ready-made clothing and gents' furnishings to be found in this section, which for quality, fit, style, and novelty of pattern are not surpassed by any competing house in the city. The stock is full and complete, em- bracing a full line of men's, youths', and boys' ready-made clothing, cut from the latest imported London fashions and patterns, and made from the best materials and finished in the finest manner; also a complete stock of gents' furnisliing g(iod.s, including all the latest novelties in neckwear, hand- kerchiefs, hosiery, glove.s, underwear, etc. Tliese goods are sold at astonishingly low jjrices, and from the inducements oftered to purchasers the trade is rapidly increasing. Mr. Cleveland is a native of Massachusetts, has resided in this city for the past twenty-five years, and is a gentleman of enter- prise and push, eminently popular, and deserving the success that has attended his venture. Hartwell & Reed, Marble Manufacturers, No. 279 Main Street.^This is claimed to be the oldest established marble works in the country. Its origin dates back to a period of fifty-six years ago, and was founded by Mr. Isaac Hartwell and con- ducted by him alone until 1S48, when he formed a partnership with Mr. George Reed, under the firm style of Hartwell & Reed. Mr. Hartwell has since died, and the surviving partners, Messrs. George and E. H. Reed, are now the proprietors. The former was born in Sterling and the latter is a native of Fitchburg, M;iss. The firm have commo- dious, well-equipped premises. They make a spe- cialty of fine marble statuary and carving, in which the most competent artists and sculptors are em- ployed. The firm are prepared to furnisli any- thing from a simple grave mark to the largest and most elaborate description of monumental work. Marble statuary of the most artistic value and marble work of all kinds in special designs are supplied at the lowest possible rates. They also furnish artistic bronze statuary, reliefs, etc. They are now engaged upon a monument in Italian marble to the late ex-mayor of the city, Mr. William H. Vose, which is to cost ?.50O, and upon a $900 monument in Italian marble for Caldwell & Lawrence, Leominster, Mass. In their show rooms they have a fine display of finished monu- ments and tablets. Fitcliburg' Gas Company, Oflice, No. 3.'U Main Street ; II. F. Coggshall, Treasurer and Manager. — I itchburg's only gas company was in- corporated under the laws of the State of Massa- chusetts in 18.52 with a capital of JllO.OoO. The company's plant is located on the Old C'olony and Fitchburg railroad, about a mile from the town, and consists of the necessary works with two gasometers, one having a capacity of sixty-five thousand and the other of twenty-eight thousand cubic feet, with twelve miles of street mains. The company have under contract the lighting of a part of the city, which is done by means of sixty- seven street lamps. They also supply stores, dwel- lings, etc., on the most reasonable terms, and the illuminating power of the supply is all that can be desired. The company have a well-furnished office at No. 3.31 Mainstreet, and all communications re- ceived there are given immediate attention ; they also show their liberality to their consumers in supplying gas fixtures and the most approved burn- ers at mere cost. The president of the company is Hon. Rodney Wallace, who is a native of Ringe, N. II., and the treasurer and manager, Mr. H. F. Coggshall, was born in Connecticut. B. M. Pitts, Manufacturer of Carpet Warps, Fitchburg Cotton Mill, No. .')27 Main Street. — An important branch of industry is that of the manu- facture of cotton and carpet warjis, batting, twine, etc., and a prominent concern in this line is that of Mr. B. M. Pitts, of the Fitchburg Cotton Mill. This enterprise was founded in lS(i7 by Mr. H. W. Pitt.s, who, on the fourth of February, ]8S2, was succeeded by his son, the present proprietor, Mr. B. M. Pitts, who is a n.ative of Vermont. The plant comprises five buildings, the main one being a four-story brick structure 50x100 feet in dimen- sions, and these contain five thou.saud one hundred and twenty spindles and all other necessary me- chanical appliances. The machinery is operated by water power, and an engine and boilers, each of one hundred-horse power, are brought into service when the water supply proves deficient. The mill has a capacity for producing sixty thousand pounds of warp per month, and ninety hands are needed to carry on the operations of the concern. In addi- tion to its mill buildings the concern owns three dwellings for the use of operatives. The products are shipped to all parts of New E^ngland. Hardy & Pinder, Manufacturers of Patent Cast Metal Screen Plates, No. 11.5 Water Street. — This enterprising concern was founded in 1881 by the present proprietors, Messrs. William A. Hardy and Charles Pinder. "The works of the firm consist of a two-story brick building 2")x80 feet in di- mensions, and these are equipped with the most efficient mechanical api>liances. The firm make a specialty of manufacturing patent cast metal screen plates, and their trade is principally with paper- makers in all parts of the country. The firm make it a point to employ only the most skillful and re- liable workmen, of whom there are at present six engaged. Everything connected with these works and all the products reflect the highest credit on the proprietors for the ingenuity, skill, and at- tention to details, and the executive ability dis- played in successfully carrying on the enterprise Mr. Hardy is a native of New Hampshire, and Mr. Pinder was born in Massachusetts. 162 CITY OF FITCHBURG. A. S. Lawtou & Co., Real Estate Agents, Kollstone Bank Building. — In Fitchbnrg we lind the leading real estate agency is that conducted bv Messrs. A. S. Lawton & Co., who are carrying on an extensive business. Messrs. A. tj. Lawtou and lathes, horizontal boring mills, traverse drills, pat- ternmakers' lathes, slide or compound rests, planer centres, planer chucks, shaft-straightening machines, and lathe chucks. The products of the establish- ment are shipped not only to every section of the J. L. Perkins, tlie members of the firm, are both natives of Massachusetts, and are widely known as well-informed, thoroughly practical, and enterpris- ing business men, whose knowledge of mercantile and real estate values is extensive and thorough. They established tlieir business here in LS71,and by sound, liberal, and reliable business methods have acquired a large number of permanent pa- trons. They employ two efficient assistants, and conduct all operations in the most systematic man- ner. Messrs. Lawton & Co. e.xecute every branch of the real estate business, negotiate mortgages, rent tenements and other houses, buy, sell, and lease property of all kinds, and have a large variety of farms, city, village, and country residences, mill property, and timber lands for sale. Fitcllburg- Machine Works, Manufac- turers of Machinists' Tools, Iron Working Ma- chinery, etc., Nos. 13 to 21 Main Street ; J. L. Chapman, Harrington Sibley, and Joseph S. Wil- son, Proprietors. — .\n old-established and notable concern engaged in the manufacture of machinists' tools and iron-working machinery of all kinds is the Fitchburg Machine Works, founded in 1864. This establishment is the largest of its ki id in Fitchburg, and comprises a three-story brick build- ing 150x150 feet in dimensions and four other frame building.s. The mechanical erjuipments of the establishment are as perfect as they can be made, and from seventy-five to one hundred ami twenty-five hands are permanently employed. They manufacture engine lathes, shafting lathes, special engine lathes, iron planers, upriglit drills, shaping machines, speed lathes, chucking lathes, special chucking lathes, gap bed chucking lathes, pulley turning lathes, car axle lathes, wagon axle lathes, milling machines, screw machines or turret country, but to England and Germany. The indi- vidual members of the firm are Messrs. J. L. Chap- man, Harrington Sibley, and Joseph S. Wilson ; Mr. J. L. Chapman is the superintendent and trea- surer, and all are natives of Massachusetts. C. H. Caldwell, Flour, Grain, and Feed, No. 421 Main Street. — The business of this house was founded in 1S73 by W. S. Wetherbee, Mr. Caldwell succeeding to the proprietorship in 1879. The store and basement, each 60x25 feet in dimen- sions, are occupied for the purposes of the business, together with a portion of the store at No. 423 Main Street. A large stock is carried and three hands employed. The finest grades of flour, also medium grades, and the best grain and feed are always kept in store and are sold at the lowest cash prices. Both a wholesale and retail trade is carried on, the extent of which is constantly in- creasing. All orders are filled with prom)itne.ss. Mr. Caldwell is a native of Fitchburg, and in his business life liere has always enjoyed a reputation for fairness and liberality in all his dealings. Sliedd & Gordon, Dealers in Hardware, Cutlery, etc.. No. 350 Main Street.— One of the latest and most creditable hardware establishments in Fitchburg was opened in September, 1S86, by Messrs. Shedd h Gordon, who have a fine store covering an area of 100x25 feet. The members of tlie firm, Messrs. G. F. Shedd and (t. A. Gordon, are both natives of Keene, N. II., and are active, enterprising, and experienced business men. They have filled their handsome store with a large and very su))erior stock of hardware of every descrip- tion, cutlery, paints, oils, varnishes, glass, etc. — in fact, everything that is usually to be found in a first-class establishment of this description. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 163 Lyman H. Gooclnow, Rollstone Iron Foun- dry. — Tliis well-known foundry, which is under the proprietorship of Mr. L. H. Goodnow, w;is established here in 1875 for the manufacture of tly wheels, pulleys, gears, segments, and other heavy machinery, and engine work of all kinds. He is also furnishing wire-drawing machinery for drawing all sizes of steel and iron rods, from iive- eighths inch to the finest sizes, and with the latest and most desirable improvements. The works are ■very extensive, and are thoroughly equipped with all the latest improved machinery, tools, and appli- ances, and furnish employment to from fifty to seventy hands. In the list of products will be found as good an assortment of fly wheel and jnilley patterns as is in this country. These are made from three inches to twenty feet in diameter, any number of inches in face, and any weight desired. Here also are produced the greatest assortment of beTel, spur, and mortise rim gears, boxes, hangers and couplings. Particular attention is also paid to iron fronts for buildings, and estimates are promptly furnished from plans given for everything adapted to millwrights and manufacturers, such as lamp posts, hitching posts, boiler fronts and grates, shop stoves, etc., etc. .The facilities Mr. Goodnow has for making and finishing pulleys and balance wheels of any weight, from three inches to twenty feet in diameter, any desired number of inches in width, made whole or in halves, turned, bored, andslotted ready for shaft, are unsur- passed. Having the facilities at his command for turning large pulleys, Mr. Goodnow can give you prices beyond competition. Mr. Goodnow is a native of Worcester, Mass., and highly regarded in commercial and manufacturing circles. William A. Harrty, Brass Founder and Manufacturer of Refined Babbitt Metals and Car Axle Boxes, etc.. No. 115 Water Street.— Mr. Wil- liam A. Hardy has for a period of thirty-si.x years been conducting a brisk and prosperous trade at his present stand. He is a native of Massachusetts, and his long experience inthe business has qualified him .ns an expert in every branch of his art. The foundry is a two-story brick building, with a frontage of 25 feet and a depth of 60 feet. It is fitted up in the most approved style for the carrying oh of the manufacture of brass goods of every de- scription and of refined Babbitt metal, for which the house has gained a widespread reputation. The house enjoys a large railroad patronage, and the trade relations of the concern extend to all parts of the New England States. Seven hands, skilled in thebusiness, are permanently employed. A specialty is made of machinery castings. Asa businessman of ability and enterprise, Mr. Hardy has always been held in the highest esteem. Geo. Rob*I>ins & Co., Plumbers and Steam and Gas Fitters, Dealers in Furnaces, Stoves, Ranges, etc.. No. 13 Water Street. — Among the best known and leading firms engaged in this line in Fitchburgcan be named that of George Robbins & Co. This widely known and nourishing concern was originally established in 1S53 by J. W. Allen & Co., they conducting it up to 1S68, when it passed into the control of the enterprising and popular firm whose name heads this sketch. They occupy ample and commodious premises, anSon, merchant tailors, are in all respects the leading exponents of the art in or around Atliol to-day, the gar- ments leaving tliis establishment being A 1 iu every feature — cut, fit, finish, and material. This flourishing business was established iu April of the present year, but Mr. Orcutt, Sr., was connected with J. D. Holbrook & Co. for fourteen years, and from the start Messrs. Orcutt & Son virtually bounded into public favor and pros- perity by the general excellence of their work, and uniform satisfaction rendered to their patrons, among whom are many of the solid and wealthy citizens of Athol and environment, also a large trade from Boston and other cities of Massachu- setts. They occupy neat and well-ordered prem- ises, and carry an extensive and carefully selected stock, embracing a full and fine assortment of im- ported and domestic fabrics, cloths, cassimeres, woolen and worsted goods in the newest styles and most attractive designs, checks, plaids, suitings, etc., some ten or more skilled hands being employed. Messrs. Orcutt (F. V. and C. E.), who are natives of Ellsworth, Me., but long residents of Boston, are both thorough masters of their art. Athol Boot and Shoe Store, A. S. Davis, Proprietor, Stockwell's Block, No. 105 Main Street. — The excellent shoe emporium of A. S. Davis, popularly known as the " Atliol Boot and iShoe Store," sign of the "Golden Boot," Stockwell's Block, was established in 1871, and during the in- tervening fifteen years has been conducted with uniform and gratifying success, the trade growing with years, until now it is at once large and of a most desirable character. The store is neat and commodious, being 25x60 feet in dimensions, and a heavy and superior stock is carried, embracing a complete assortment of fine and medium grades of ladies', gents', misses', boys', and children's boots and shoes, and two competent and efficient assist- ants attend to the wants of customers. Mr. Davis, the enterprising and courteous proprietor, was born iu Kingston, Conn., but has been long a resident of Athol. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 181 Lueieii Lord, " Post-office Book Store," Book- sellt-r, and Dealer in Fine Stationery, Fancy (ioods, Tovs, Novelties, and Toilet Articles. — At the at- tractive emporium of Lucien Lord, popularly known as the "Post-office Book Store," is displayed an exceedingly fine selection of books, stationery, pictorials, magazines, periodicals, novelties in cards, fancy wares, toilet articles, and perfumery goods, besides a multifarious assortment of toys, games, and useful and ornamental articles in endless variety, purchasers and patrons being always assured of receiving reliable and excellent goods, honorable treatment, and prompt and polite attention in this well-equipped and deservedly popular store. This flourishing business was established in 18(50, and at the very outset Mr. I>ord may be said to have vir- tually bounded into pviblic favor and prosperity by the superiority of tlie goods handled, coupled with untiring attention to the wants of customers. The premises occupied are spacious and commodious, the store being 25x75 feet in dimensions, fitted up auvl arranged with admirable taste, and a heavy and A 1 stock is carried, including, besides general literature, historical works, school and text books, fiction, novels, and miscellaneous books and Bibles, also blank boo!;s of every description, ledgers, jour- nals, day books, etc., and a full and fine line of American, English, and French stationery, pic- tures, art goods, periodicals, and pictorials of standard merit, novelties in leather goods, albums, toilet articles, jjerfumery, toys, games, and fancy goods, two capable and efficient clerks being em- ployed, and altogether a splendid business is done. Mr. Lord is a native of this town, his father, Ethan Lord, and his grandfather and great grandfather having all been born in Athol. His great grand- father was one of the first children born in Athol in the year of its settlement in 1736, his great great grandfather having been one of the five original settlers who came from Hatfield in that year. Mr. Lord has filled the office of postm;ister here since 1869, in which capacity he has rendered eminent satisfaction. H. R. Barber, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Harness, Robes, Blankets, Whips, Trunks, etc.. Main Street. — Mr. H. R. Barber, manufacturer of and dealer in harness, robes, blankets, trunks, etc., has established a deservedly high reputa- tion, and as a consequence he receives a large mea- sure of merited recognition. This prosperous busi- ness (which is the only one of the kind in Athol), was started in 1864, and from the first has been conducted with uniform and gratifj'ing success. Making and liandling an excellent class of goods, the result could hardly have been other than the positive and permanent success he has achieved. He occupies a 2ox60-foot store, with a 2o.x20-foot shop in the rear, located on Main street, and carries a heavy and first-class stock, including, besiiles har- ness of all kinds, robes, blankets, whips, brushes, chamois, sponges, liorserlothing, trunks, traveling bags, etc., repairing in all its branches being a spe- cialty, and four skilled workmen are employed. Mr. Barber is a native of Warwick, and a practical and expert workman. Geo. A. Ellis & Co., Dealers in Coal.— Mr. (ieo. A. Ellis is a wholesale and retail dealer in coal, and is in all respects the leuding and most reliable dealer in the coal trade in Athol, and of whom Mr. N. AVhitcomb is the popular and effi- cient agent. This fiourishing business was estab- lished in March, 1S74. Handling a superior class of coal, upright and honorable in their dealings, and devoting close attention to the wants of the trade, the result could hardly have been other than the full measure of public favor they now deserv- edly enjoy. The yard is very capacious (five hun- dred tons), the coal sheds being 25x100 feet in di- mensions, with a neat office, and a heavy and care- fully assorted stock is carried, the carting being done by contract. Mr. Ellis is a native of the town of Ashland, Mass. Geo. Gerry & Sou, Manufacturers of Wool and Waste Dusters, Lumpers, Mill (iearing, etc. — Thirty odd years of continuous and successful exist- ence is the record that marks the history of the well-known concern of Geo. (.ierry & Son, of this town, manufacturers of wool and waste dusters, lumpers, mill gearing, etc., whose products are in steady and extensive demand all over the country. This fiourishing enterprise was started in 1853 by George Gerry (deceased), who subsequently took intopartnershiphisson, George M.Gerry, thus con- stituting the widely-known firm whose name heads this sketch. In 1879 the founder died, and the business has since beeti continued by Mr. Gerry the younger, still trading under the old style of firm, which is something equivalent to a well- established trade-mark. The shop is supplied with steam and water-power, and thoroughly equipped with the finest machinery and appli- ances, the trade extending to all parts of the United States. The products include, besides wool and waste dusters and lumpers, also rag and carpet dusters, nappers, mill-gearing, shaiting, pulleys, bolts, etc , special attention being given to jobbing and repairing of all kinds. The hmjper made by this concern is in all respects an excellent device, and invaluable to mill owners, taking the bits out of the stock and saving the card clothing. It will take out all bits and leave the stock light, clean, and free from anything that will injure the card clothing. M. L. Lee & Co., Manufacturers of Men's, Youth.s', and Boys' Kip Boots, Brogan and Plow Shoes, Travis and South Streets. — This is a popular aud old-established boot and shoe manuf icturing concern, and dates its foundation from 1861, and during the quarter of a century of its experience it has taken a leading position in its special line of trade. The factory is a three-story frame building 50x50 feet in dimensions, and this is equipped with tlie latest improved boot and shoe machinery, which is operated by steam power. From sixty to eighty skilled and experienced hands are per- manently employed, and the manufactures of the establishment comprise men's, youths', and boys' kip boots, brogans, and plow shoes. About one hundred cases, consisting of one thousand two hun- dred pairs of boots and three hundred pairs of shoes, are produced weekly. The firm cater for the Western trade, and in this have been eminently successful. The firm have an office and salesroom at No. 117 Pearl street, Boston, through which the bulk of the sales of the concern is effected. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. M.L. and J. H. Lee, both of whom are natives of Athol, and Edwin L. Sanborn, who was born in Boston. 182 TO WN OF A THOL. Standard Tool Company, Manufacturers of Chaplin's Patent Try Square and Level, Centre Squares, Surface Gauges, etc.— Special mention should be made of the Standard Tool Company of this town, manufacturers of Chaplin's patent try square and level, centre squares, surface gauges, etc., ■whose products are in steady demand, owing to their unequivocal superiority, being in use in all civilized countries on the planet. This nourishing enter- prise was started in ISSl, and from the first has Been a positive and permanent success, the trade growing and extending steadily and rapidly from its inception, until now it is exceeding large. The •works are capacious and supplied with the best facilities and completely equipped in every respect, upward of thirty expert workmen being employed, and the trade extends all over the United States, a fine export business also being done with England, Holland, Denmark, Turkey, and Australia. Among the articles manufactured tlie Chaplin try square and mitre, spirit level and plumb, is "a tool needed by every workman," being one of the most ingen- ious and perfect appliances ever devised for me- chanics' use, its construction with an adjustable blade enabling it to be used for an almost endless variety of purposes, only a few of which can be in- dicated here for obvious reasons. It consists of a mitre head or stock provided with a spirit level, a T or centre head and a sliding steel blade, firmly held to its seat by a cUimp bolt. The blades are graduated on each of the four edges the entire length — on one side in sixteenthsand thirty-seconds, and on the other in tenths and twelfths. As a try square, having a blade or tongue that can be in- stantly adjusted to any length, it supplies the place of an entire set of common squares at a small fraction of their cost. Asa spirit level and plumb, its compactness makes it a great convenience in many places where an ordinary level cannot be used. The blade, when removed from the stock, forms a graduated steel rule and straight edge, which, of itself, is a tool in constant demand and use by all mechanics. Another excellent device is the standard try square, light, convenient, and warranted accurate; the improved surface gauge, patented October 7th, 1879, also being an article in universal demand, owing to its unequivocal ex- cellence. This tool is provided with an adjustable attachment for the quick and accurate adjustment of work on a line with the bed of a planer, or paral- lel to its edge. Besides the articles mentioned, the company manufactures graduated steel rules, the Bellows patent caliper, the bevel protractor (with level attachment"), the universal bevel steel caliper, nde, etc., and altogether, a very fine business is done. The copartnership consists of Messrs. D. A. Newton and S. H. Bellows, natives of this State. Bennett & Van Valkenbiirg-, Manu- facturers of Cotton Warps and Yarns, Kiver Street. — This establishment was founded in 1 805 by Mr. W. A. Fisher, who was succeeded first by the Athol Mill Com])any, then by Mr. R. L. Jones, and next by the present proprietors in 1SS4. The copartners are Mr. A. ( J. Bennett, who is a native of Springfield, Mass., and for fourteen years was a con- ductor on the Boston and Albany railroad, and Mr. L. S. Van ^'alkenburg, who was born at Kinderhook, N. Y., and has resided in Atliol since IJ^Cio. The mill is a four-story frame building, 7.5x100 in di- mensions, and is equipped with suitable machinery. which is operated by water power. From twenty- eight to fifty hands are employed, and the products of the concern are blanket and satinet warps and yarns. The firm conduct a brisk business, and their goods are shipped to all parts of the New England States promptly and at the lowest market rates. J. Wesley Goodman (Successor to Hale, Goodman & Co.), Manufacturers of Billiard-Table Frames, Legs, etc. — Of the many noteworthy con- cerns contributing to the general sum of industrial activity in Athol special mention should be made of the well-known establishment of J. Wesley Good- man, manufacturer of billiard-table frames, legs, etc., whose products are in steady and extensive demand all over the country, owing to the uni- forndy high standard of excellence they maintain, being not surpas.sed in any feature, in design, work- manship, or finish. This flourishing enterprise was started in 1S45 by the firm, Hale, Goodman & Co., by whom it was conducted for some time, and then passed into the sole control of Mr. Goodman, the present proprietor (and one of the former part- ners), who has since continued the business alone with eminent success, the trade being very large, and afibrding evidence of constant and material increase annually. The factory is a 2.5xlOO-foot brick building, with a two-story 4flxl50-foot frame structure extension, supplied with a forty-horse power engine and boiler, and completely equipped with the most improved macliinery and appur- tenances, and a large staff of expert workmen are employed. Billard-table frames and rosewood, Grecian, fancy inlaid, and plain legs for piano-fortes and billiard tables are manufactured, Mr. Goodman being also general agent for Samuel May's steel combination cushion, and altogether a very fine business is done, the trade extending throughout the whole of tlie Ignited States. Mr. Goodman is a native of this State, and a practical workman, withsome thirty years' close experience. O. Kendall & Co., Manufacturers of Calf, Kip, and Thick Boots and Shoes, Exchange Street. — Among the pioneer boot and shoe concerns in Athol is that of Messrs. O. Kendall & Co., manu- facturers of calf, kip, and thick boots and shoes. This concern was founded over half a century ago, in 1S.34, under the firm style of O. Kendall & Son, audthepresenttitle, (). Kendall & Co., was adopted in 1870, the co-partners then being Messrs. Ozi Kendall, Ira Y. Kendall, and George S. Pond. The two latter are the only proprietors now. They are natives of Athol and Hubbardston respec- tively, and gentlemen of vast experience in their particular branch of trade. They have a well- equipped two-story brick factory, 50x50 feet in dimensions, and they provide constant employment for sixty skilled and experienced operatives in the manufacture of calf, kip, and thick boots and shoes for men, youth, and boys. The machinery is oper- ated by a ten-horse power steam engine and boiler. The firm have a well-appointed warehouse on P2x- change street, where they keep on hand a large stock of their manufactures ready for prompt ship- ment in response to immediate orders. The busi- ness is exclusively wholesale, and the trade relations of the house extend throughout the New England and \\Vstcin States. The prices which prevail are invariably reasonable. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 183 Li. S. Starrett, Manufacturer of Fine Me- chanical Tools. — The establishment of Mr. L. S. Starrett, the well-known manufacturer of line me- chanical tools, was founded in 1881, and imme- diately gained a wide repute for the superiority of its productions. The manufacturing plant is large and .spacious, and fully equipped with the latest im- proved tools and appliances, operated by water power, and giving steady employment to twenty-live skilled meelianics. Of the productions of this house we would call special attention to Starrett's patent com- bination squares, stjel rules from one to thirty-six inches, steel straight edge, Starrett's lock-joint trans- fer calipers, improved bevel protractor, Starrett's patent inclinometer, Starrett's combined caliper square and micrometer, improved screw pitch gauge, graduated scratch gauge, etc., etc. The success which has attended Mr. Starrett's efibrts in de- vising and manufacturing improved tools has been such as to enable him to increase his facilities by a large new building, 72x40 feet, three stories, and to recently add several important inventions to his output, among them being larger combina- tion squares, with eighteen-inch and twenty-four- inch blade, a line of lock-joint calipers and dividers, also to supply a line of the best iron levels made. This list combines to make a fuller line of superior fine tools than can elsewhere be found, and they are manufactured with s])ecial reference to their celerity and adaptability in the performance of all work for which they are designed. A large and steadily increasing trade has been established with dealers aid machinists throughout the United States, England, France, and many European coun- tries. Mr. Starrett is a native of Maine, an accom- plished inventor, and a responsible dealer. Lewis Sanders, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Half liarrels. Kegs, and Cooper Stock. — The ably conducted establishment of Lewis Sanders, manufacturer of and dealer in half barrels, kegs, and cooper stock, is the only enterprise of the kind in or around this town, and was established in 1882, the trade growing steadily and rapidly year by year until now it is very extensive. The prem- ises occupied comprise, besides a two-story 25x50- foot structure, and a neat and commodious office in town, also a capacious two-story 25xl(i0-fo the entertainment and comlbrt of their guests. The basement, which has an area of 25x100 feet, serves as kitchen and bake shop, and here are produced the finest domestic bread, fancy cakes, superior ice cream, and hot dainty dishes for the tables. On the first floor is the retail store, and at the rear of this is a magnificently appointed dining room. On the second floor is a private dining saloon comprising two rooms. It is unmistakably the handsomest establishment in its line in the city. Twenty-six hands are employed. The firm make a specialty of catering to weddings and other parties, and in all matters they may be relied upon for performing their duties to the letter. Henry Clark, Fire and Marine Insurance Agent, No. 266 Main Street. — Prominent among the fire and marine insurance agents of this city is Mr. Henry Clark, who for the pa.st quarter of a century has been one of the leading insurance agents in Springfield. And we may say that per- sons seeking to place insurances upon their pro- perty will obtain entire satisfaction in the transaction of business through him, and that celerity in the adjustment of lossesand the settle- ment of all claims justly incurred may be im- plicitly relied upon. He is the representative of the Liverviool aud Lond.on and Globe, England .; Phojnix, Hartford ; Imperial, England ; Northern- England ; Norwich Union, England ; Lancashire, England ; Scottish Union, Edinburgh ; The Lyon, London ; Hamburg-Bremen, Germany ; City of London, England ; New York Bowery, New York ; yEtna, Hartford ; Ivochester German. Particular attention is given to placing all kinils of manufacturingproperty, business blocks, dwell- ings, and marine risks, at current rates. The house writes its own policies on behalf of the various companies heretofore mentioned, and adjusts all losses ujion the some independent basis, assuming all risks aud paying all proper claims without the delay usually attendant upon the transaction of ordinary agencies. Mr. Clark is a native of Amherst, Mass., and is one of our most popular citizens. William W. Richards, Manufacturer of Blinds, Sashes, Doors, etc., Liberty Street. — The business of this establishment was founded in 1867 and since then has increased to proportions of importance. The premises comprise the second and third stories of a three-story brick building, each 25x60 feet in dimensions. The mill is well supplied with sawing, moulding and other wood- working machinery, all of which is of improved design, and is operated by steam power. One specialty of manufacture includes blinds, sashes, and doors. Another specialty is made of veneered handwork, to order, executed in the best style of workmanship. The trade of this house is large, extending throughout the city, also to Hartford, New Haven, and other cities near Springfield. The head of this enterprise, Mr. Kich^.rds, is a native of this state, having been born at Green- wich. He is a gentleman thoroughly familiar with the business in which he is engaged, takes an active part in all its practical details, is pre- pared to compete with any in ofl'ering substan- tial advantages to the trade and is highly esteemed as being prompt, reliable, and liberal in all his operations. Marsh & Murray, Dealers in Lumber. No. 99 Lyman Street. — This house was founded .\pril 1, 1879, by the present proprietors, Mr. W. S. Marsh, who is a native of Sunderlandj Mass., and Mr. C. O. Murray, who was born iu Nashua, N. H. The facilities of the firm embrace an office, 25x25 feet in dimensions, and two yards, one of which has an area of 200x100 feet and the other a capacity of 100x50 feet. The yards are located contiguous to the Boston and Albany railroad, from which a switch track runs into the yard, thus aflbrding every con- venience for the receipt, handling and shipment of lumber, etc. The firm carry constantly in stock about 1,500,000 feet of hard and soft lum- ber, together with large quantities of lalh, shingles, etc. They handle all kinds of long and short Eastern and Western lumber, and are prepared to furnish lumber in any dimensions or shape to order. Besides filling orders from the stock on hand, the firm make shipments from the mills, 'i he trade of the concern extends throughout the city and adjoining coanties being large and steady. 226 CITY OF SPRINGFIELD. F. L. (jTlluil, General Western Railroad and Steamship Ticket Office, No. 241 Main street, opposite Massasoit House. — In the various dopartmeuts of industry in the city, that con- ducted by Mr. F. L. Gunn, on Main street, is deserving of special notice. It is the only railway and steamship ticket office dealing with all the priucipal railways in the country and the chief ocean steamship lines in the city. The business was founded in 1861 by the present pro- prietor. Subsequently he formed a partnership under the firm style of Stoddard & Gunn, then as Gunn & Merrill. The latter partnership was dis- solved in 1876, ami since then the business has been conducted by Mr. Gunn alone. He is a native of Connecticut, is well known throughout the district and is esteemed for his upright busi- ness character. He occupies a store, 25x75 feet in dimensions, and this is very tastefully fitted up and admirably arranged for business. Mr. Gunn deals largely in toys and baby carriages, but the leading feature of his business is the sale of rail- way tickets and passages on the ocean steamers, etc. Of the ocean steamship lines he represents tho State, Cunard, Anchor and Monarch lines ; of coastwise steamers, the Mallory line, the Ocean Steam.ship line, the Charleston, Old Dominion and International lines. He is the agent for the Bos- ton & Albany Railroad, the Pennsylvania Rail- road, the Western Railroad and all the lines run- ning South and West. Chas. E. Maxfield, Manufacturer, Whole- sale and Retail Dealer in Elegant Furniture, Upholstery Goods, Mattresses, etc., 101 and 103 East Bridge Street. — In the city of Springfield no house takes a higher position in the manufacture a'ld sale of fine furniture and upholstery goods than that of Mr. Chas. E. Maxfield. This house was established in 1864, by Messrs. Colton & Maxfield, and, after some changes in the name of the firm, the present proprietor assumed sole con- trol in 1876. The premises occupied for manufac- turing and trade purposes comprise an entire building, built of brick, and containing four floors and basement, 50x95 feet each. The building is systematically divided into salesrooms, warerooms, cabinet making, upholstering and bedding depart- ments, in which steady employment is furnished to eighteen persons. The stock of goods embraces fine and medium furniture, upholstery goods, mat- tresses and bedding of all kinds, embracing chamber sets, parlor sets, dining-room, hall and library furniture, aud innumerable special pieces in rare and costly materials. A leading specialty is made of the manufacture to order of all kinds of artistic furniture. The commonest materials, when used by this house, assume unique and pleasing shapes in unity both with the modern and the antique. Much of the ware is matchless for costly elegance and tasteful composition, while the diversity of the stock is such as to make it impossible to enumerate all the different styles. The trade of the bouse is large aud active in the city and for a radius of fifty miles outside. The lowest prices invariably prevail. Mr. Maxfield is a Massachusetts man born and bied, and of high .standing in the citv. He is in the prime of life, possesses every possible qualification for the successful prosecution of his business, and his prosperity and popularity are the just tribute to his ability and integrity. Massasoit Ho«lse, Main street: W. H. Chapiu, proprietor. — There are few persons who have visited the enterprising city of Springfield during the past forty-three years to whom the Mas- ■'asoit Hou.se is not known. For that period it has aflbrded excellent entertainment and home like comforts to guests at moderate charges. In every way the Massasoit is a representative establish- ment, and has ever the best of accommodation, the best of fare, the best of service, and it renews on its register year after year prominent citizens, tourists, business travelers, etc. Thelocition of the Massasoit is absolutely eligible and central. It is situated immediately contiguous to the railroad sta- tions, and no hack service is needed to reach it. Erected in 1843, the hotel has since been twice considerably enlarged, so that it is now three times its original size. The interior appointments of this noted hostelry are of the most luxurious character, and fully in keeping with its wide- spread reputation. The proprietor, Mr. W. H. Chapiu, spares no pains or expense to keep it up to the highest standard of excellence. The sleep- ing rooms are spacious and airy, furnished with hot and cold water and all modern conveniences, and they are unexcelled by tho,se of any other hotel in the country. The parlors, dining-room, etc., are superbly fitted up and furnished, and the office is a cheerful, inviting part of the hotel. The sanitary arrangements are of the most perfect character, and there is thorough ventilation throughout. It is in every respect a perfect estab- lishment, the able proprietor bringing vast practi- cal experience to hear in every department. This house is noted tor it excellent cnsine. The cater- ing for it is conducted upon a basis of liberality that ensures only the best and rarestof everything that the markets aftbrd. The proprietor is person- ally very popular with the guests. The present proprietor, Mr. W. H. Chapiu, who is a nephew of the founders ofthe hilt el, Messrs. M.&E. S. Chapin, and who has been connected with the house for the past ten years, succeeded to the proprietorship on July 1,1886. Heisanaiive of Massachusetts, and in his hands the house will maintain itshigh reputation. The house has 135 rooms, and there are bathrooms on each floor. There are two din- ing-rooms, one with a capacity for seating 150 and the other 80 guests. The charges are $3.00, 3.50 aud 4.00 perday. Rooms with bath |5.00 per day. L/Cete, Pudan & Co., Jobbers and Manu- facturers' Agents lor Buttons, Braids, etc.. No. 91 Worthington Street. — One of the best known firms engaged as jobbers and manufixcturers' agents forhnttons, braids, etc.. is that of Messrs. I,eete, Pudan & Co., of No. 91 Worthington .ofreet. The members of the firm are Messrs. T. W. I.eefe who was born in Connecticut, and F. M. Pudan, who is a native of England. This concern ivms founded in the Fall of 1S85. and ihe prtmisrs occupied consist of a fine office and salc^nw ni. Both members of the firm are y<'Ung, enterprisins; business men, and were formerly engaged in i he line of manufactures they now handle Thiy hiindle the yoods of these lines for the largest and most popular manufacturers in the county. In buttons, braid and small wares their stock is always complete, containing the latest novelties and newest styles, and these are sold at bottcn» prices. LEADING MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS. 227 The Belcher & Taylor Agricultural Tool Company, BuUard's Improved Hay Tedder a Speciality. W. P. McFarland, Pres- ident ; Geo. S. Taylor, Agent.— The present age is undoubtedly one of great progress. Perfection is rapidly approachicg in every article of raanulacture. and nowhere is this more clearly to be seen than in the pro- duction of agricultural implements. In this shellers, harrows, pulverizers, trucks, •wheelbarrows, whiffletrees, etc. These implements, without undue disparage- ment of the productions of other first- class makers, are unsurpassed for quality, utility, workmanship, finish and general excellence. The Belcher & Taylor Agricultural Tool Com- pany makes a specialty of Bullard's Improved Hay Tedder. The Bullard is the only tedder made that has forks outside the wheels, conse- quently the wheels do not run over and press down grass that has been already tedded. Another advantage of this specialty is that, the wheels being much nearer together than those tedders having all the forks inside, the draft is greatly lessened while it is much more readily handled by a light horse. From the pecu- liarity of its construction the Bullard will never clog, even in the heaviest grass, as is often the case with revolving tedders. The tedders of this responsible company are made of the best ma- terials, with bearings nicely turned and fitted and interchangeable parts, being firm, strong and durable,while they never fail to give entire sat- isfaclion. There are ten times as many of these splendid tedders in use as those of all other makers combined. It will be apparent that the greatest care and scientific researches of years have been exer- cised to bring the special ties of this representative company to theirpresent point of perfection, they iilliS** connection, special attention is directed to (he reliable and progi-essive Belcher & Taylor Agri- cultural Tool Company. This business was established in 18.5-2 bv Mr. Bildad B Belcher, who conducted it till ISti.S, when he was succeeded by Messrs. Belcher & Taylor Eventually, in 1864, it was duly incorporated with a paid up capital of J.W.OOO, since which date it has obtained a lib- eral anil influential patronage in all .sections of the U liti'd States and Canada. The present oflicers of llie company are: W P. McFarland, president; ,Ta-< E. Taylor, secretary ; Geo. S. T;iylor agent ami 1 reasurer. In reyaril to the general business of the coin|) iiiv, it may be stated briefly toconsistof the in iniUactnie and sile of hay, straw and stalk cutters, haying tools, hor.se hoes, plows, root or vegetable cutters, tobacco tools, cultivators, corn- are adapted to all kinds of service and have no superiors in the American or European markets. They also make a specialty of the Yankee swi- vel plow, which works perfectly on side hill or level, also the ''National Reversible Sulky Plow," which is one of the most wonderful inventions of the age and the'Oneonta Clipper Reversible Plow," which is the only plow in the world with shift- ing handles, and was awarded the first premium at the gieat plow trial held at Pittsfleld, Mass., Sep- tember 10th, 1885. The National rake and National steeled metal plows are also manufac- tured by this company and are prime favorites with farmers everywhere. The premises occupied lor manufacturing purposes are very spacious and commodious, and are equipped with all modern tiiols, appliances and machinery known to the trade. The machinery is operated by water power and an eighty-horse power steam engine, while one hundred and forty experienced mechanics and operatives are employed in the various departments. The officers of the company are held in the highest estimation for their hw,\- ess ability, integrity and enterprise, and fully merit the signal success achieved by them in thir. C. W. Gelineaii, Druggist. — This es- tablishment is one of the finest drug stores in the village. The business was established in 1883, and from the outset it has met with a marked and encouraging patronage. The store, which is 25x40 feet in dimensions,is handsomely fitted np, the fixtures and show cases being elegant. Two clerks are employed. The stock is large and complete, embracing a full line of medicines and drugs of every description. Special attention is given to the compounding of physicians' prescrip- tions and family recipes. In toilet articles per- fumery and patent medicines is included every- thing in these lines of foreign and domestic manu- facture and preparation. Dr. Gelineau is a native of Canada and a graduate of the Medical College of Cincinnati, O. In connection with his diug business he practises as a phy.sician, and is very highly spoken of for his professional ability. This afl'ahle and courteous gentleman lacks no facility or qualification necessary to the faithful and suc- cessful prosecution of his business and profession. 230 CITY OF SPRINGFIELD. F. E. Howes, Wholesale Dealer in Meats, No. 86 LymaQ Street. — A prominent succe.ssful merchant in this city is Mr. F. E. Howes, whole- sale dealer and commission merchant in meats. Mr. Howes inaugurated the biLsiness of his hou.se on September 15, 1883, and has met with much success in his calling. His commodious business headquarters comprise a one-story building, 50x50 feet in dimensions. The Boston & Albany rail- road has a track running past the rear of this building and Mr. Howes receives meat in refriger- ator cars direct from Chicago, and has every con- venience for handling. He carries on an exten- sive business as a wholesale dealer and commis- sion merchant in beef, veal, lamb and mutton, and enjoys a large patronage from the meat dealers of this city. Mr. Howes, who is a native of Plain- field, Massachusetts, is a young business man of much enterprise, and has met with a success that angurs well for his future prosperity. George H. GrOuld, Boarding and Livery Stable, No. 152 Worthington Street.— This busi- ness was founded iu 1883. The stables and car- riage repository are very spacious and commodi- ous, well lighted, drained and ventilated and free from noxious vapors. Mr. Gould has some of the best and most stylish equipages to lie seen in Springfield and a number of finely bred horses, ■which can be hired for business or pleasure, night or day, on moderate terms. In the stock of horses ■will be found those suitable for ladies or invalids' use, al.so others that are more speedy. He makes a specialty of boarding horses which receive the greatest care and attention from skilled and eflS- cient grooms. The stable will accommodate thirty-six head of horses and fifty carriagfs. He is also prepared to buy and sell horses on com- mission and makes a specialty of good Noithera horses of which he keeps a fine stock for sale. Mr. Gould is a native of this city. Robert Bahl, Manufacturer of all kinds of Office and East lake Furniture, No. 39 Taylor Street. — This gentleman occupies an entire floor 30x100 feet in area, and is carrying on an exten- sive business as a manufacturer of French cabi- net, office and Eastlake furniture. He engaged in this enterprise in this city in 1869, first open- ing business at No. 10 Sanford street, and remoT- ing to his present address in 1884. Mr. Bahl is by birth a German, born in 1837, and has for thirty-five years been engaged in his present call- ing. He has had an extensive experience, having practiced his trade in Berlin, Paris, London and New York. His factory is supplied with fine machinery operated by steam power and pro- vided with every facility. He employs five hands and is enjoying a large and influential patronage. Mr. Bahl manufactures office, bedroom, and artis- tic dining-room and parlor furniture of all kinds. Mr. Bahl is the only practical furniture manufac- turer in the city, and, although without competi» tion, gives the trade the benefit of it. CITY OF HOLYOKE. THE YOUNG GIANT OF WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS— ITS STUPENDOUS WATER- POWER AND THE MANNER IN WHICH IT IS UTILIZED— THE RAPIDITY OP ITS GROWTH AND THE MAGNITUDE OP ITS DIVERSIFIED INDUSTRIES. The young and prosperous city of Holyoke, brisk, busy and vigorous, has no past tliat can be prop- erly dignified by the term history. It can celebrate no centennial, nor even a half-centennial. It has DO pathetic memorials of Indian assaults and massacres, no ancient landmarks tumbling into picturesque ruin and decay, no descendants of first families that li%-ed in the times which tried men's souls and bodies. True enougli, it liad an existence more than a century ago; the village was known as part and parcel of the old town of Springfield, subsequently of West Springfield, and just a round hundred years ago it was erected into the third parish of the town proper under the name of Ireland, or Ireland Parish. The site of it liad been known to the Indians in the days when they held undisputed sway here and hereabouts, and the falls of the "Quonektacut," as the rapids were called by them, were a favorite rendezvous and fishing ground. In excavating for the foundations of the mills and factories that now loom up along the river banks the Indian fireplaces were blotted out, and where aforetime flared the fitful flame of savage life and license now throbs the strong and steady pulse of machinery whose ingenuity and productions are at once the test and fruit of the brainiest civilization in the world. Granted that Holyoke has no history, yet lias it a wider name and vastly greater commercial im- portance than many towns whose historic perspective is dim, distant and eventful. Its birth and growth are peculiar to itself and have no parallel or counterpart in that of any city in the Uniim. They were an inversion of the order common to other towns and cities. It was not a place of residence first and of business afterward ; but, to all practical intents and purposes, it was a business venture, and its wonderful manufacturing resources are the palpitating centre around which its residence portion clusters and revolves. In every essential regard it is the most remarkable municipal example of deliberate Yankee grit and enterprise on the continent. The Project. Less than forty years ago Holyoke was unknown, and as to being, unsung — there was nothing to sing about. It was an insignificant New England hamlet. The soil of the country immediately around it was agriculturally unpromising and unproductive as compared with that which surrounded contiguous settlements, and there was apparently little or nothing to attract new-comers. Whether it ever occurred to any of its handful of inhabitants what a stupendous power was recklessly rushing past their doors, that only needed the bit and bridle with which human wit and wisdom break the wild forces of nature to human service, does not appear, and the rapid, untamed waters went on, as they had been going ever since the course was channeled for them, as though they were to go on in the same way forever. It would seem, however, that the enormous water-power here running to waste had cliallenged the attention of several New England business men to a greater or less extent for several years prior to that when its utilization was determined upon; but the cost of constructing a dam, even could one be built adequate to the intended purposes, was so great as to keep the project at bay. In the year 1831 nothing had been done save the erection of a small mill with its modest wing-dam. Nevertheless the eyes and hearts of some capitalists were set upon this spot, who presently determined that this unprecedented waste in the land of steady habits, where the frug ilities and economies of life were revered and practiced as cardinal virtues, must not and should not go on. 231 5ia2 CITY OF HOLYOKE. The Dam. In the summer of 1847, by direction of several gentlemen of substance who had become practicallj interested in the matter, measurement was made of tlie volume of water flowini; in the river at this point at low-water marli. This measurement gave six tliousand cubic feet per second, and a sum in simple arithmetic demonstrated tliat tliis was a thirty-thousand-horse power equivalent, or four luindred and fifty mill powers. A little more arithmetic was dune and tlie demonstration carried still further. From statistics of American manufactures it appeared that every one-thousand-horse power in operation pre- dicated an average population of five thousand persons, whether in cotton or other manufactures. Here, then, was a solid basis for profitable investment; the water-power of Lowell and Lawrence combined was not so great; capital and capitalists saw their opportunity, and in the following year, 1848, the first step on the direct line of actual business was talten by the formation and incorporation under State laws of the Hadley Falls Company. This was composed of Thomas II. Perlvins, George W. Lyman and Edmund Dwight, had a capital of $4,900,000, and was organized " for the purpose of constructing and maintaining a dam across Connecticut river, and one or more locks and canals, and of creating a water- power, to be used, etc." Worlc was at once begun, eleven hundred acres of land were purchased, the dam was constructed, and with it canals were dug, mills went up, streets were laid out, dwelling-houses built; but when the test was made the waters, as if angry at their would-be tamers and in revenge for the check upon their natural freedom, swept away the dam and jumped onward, unimpeded in their course, to the sound and the sea. Yankee pluck and energy were not to be bluffed in this way, however. Having determined to do sometliing, they meant to do it, and straightway set about the construction of a dam that would stay. It is here still, at the end of thirty-seven years, and likely to remain here, unless at some time the seismic forces that have recently been disturbing the soil and .souls of some parts of the South should pull themselves together and attempt the disintegration of a magnificent piece of work almost as invulnerable as the rocky ribs of the earth itself. The new dam was completed October 22d, 1849. This splendid e-xample of American enterprise and engineeringskill is one thousand and nineteen feet long, with a fall of sixty feet ; it has a base of ninety feet and lifts itself thirty feet above the original level of the river. Flanked by almost thirty thousand perches of solid masonry, it contains four million feet of large dimension sawn lumber, submerged and thus safe from decay. After a number of years the rocky bed just below the dam was found to be wear- ing away under the continual force of the falling water, and in 18G8 the apron was constructed. This is more solid and massive, if possible, than the dam of which it is an integral part and into which it is built, and was completed in 1870, at a cost of $2(53,000, by the Holyoke Water-Power Company, the successor to the franchises and property of the Hadley Falls Company. Canals. The series of canals is proportionate to the genius and magnitude of the vast scheme as a whole. Of these there are tliree, on as many different levels. The upper level canal begins on the river at a point opposite Maple street, with a width of one hundred and forty feet and a depth of twenty -two feet, runs in an easterly direction for one thousand feet, and then straight across the city for a mile. This is the main artery and tlie water supply for the upper tier of mills. Four hundred feet east from it and parallel with it for about one mile is the second canal, which at the end of this distance follows in the main the course of the river, some four hundred feet from it, around this section of the city for upward of a mile. This is the longest and most sinuous canal of the three. For two thousand feet it has a width of one hundred and forty feet, which gradually lessens to one hundred feet at either end ; its average depth is fifteen feet. This and the first canal are spanned by several graceful iron bridges. The third canal is three thousand five hundred and fifty feet long, one hundred feet wide, and ten feet deep, begins at the southern end of the second, and ends at a point near its other extremity. Mills on the upper level have a head and fall of twenty feet ; the difference between the second and third levels is twelve feet, and that between the marginal portions of these two and the river ranges from twenty-three to twenty-eight feet. The walls of the main canal throughout its entire length and those of many portions of the others are of solid stonework to the height of three feet above the water level. Three overfalls of cut granite, with proper waste-gates, permit the passage of the water from each canal to the next level, independently of the supply derived from the mills above. The inflow from the river and the outflow at the overfalls and waste-weirs are regulated, thus maintaining a imiforra CITY OF HOL YOKE. 23S HOLYOKE WATEE-POWER COMPANY'S CANALS. Top View— First Level from Gate- House. Second View— Secoml Level from R. R. Bridge. Third View— Third LeveL 234 CITY OF HOL YOKE. head in each canal, by a competent force of watchmen, who are on duty day and night. Whether the season be wet or dry, the time of spring fre-hets or summer droughts, with machinery in operation or at rest, the water-level in each canal is never allowed to vary an inch at any moment during the twenty- four hours. This stability is one of the most essential elements in the success of this magnificent enter- prise, and is in startling and cheerful contrast to the uncontrollable fluctuations common to ordinary mill supply. Location. The city of Holyoke is situated in Hampden county, in an elbow of the Connecticut river, about midway between Springfield and Northampton. It is an important station on the Connecticut River railroad and the terminus of the Holyoke and Westfield railroad. Across the Connecticut, on one side of the town, is South Hadley Fall.s, whose most important mills derive their water-power through a canal from the northern end of the dam, and opposite the other side is Chicopee, both places connected with Holyoke by bridges. The location is a commanding one, its railway facilities connecting it with the manufacturing system of New England, and rendering easily accessible all the principal points of supply and demand in the country. Manufactures. Incorporated as a town on March 14th, 1850, and a city April 7th, 1873, Holyoke is a sonnet in manufactures. Its projectors intended it for a manufacturing centre, and their intention is being realized in the fullest manner. They builded well and wisely. Under the stimulus of a rational and liberal policy on the part of the Holyoke Water-Power Company, capital, brains and skill have here reared a citj' young in years, but br.ave, sturdy and commanding in all the material fibres and elements that predicate commercial substance and success and hold a future within their grasp. The amount of capital invested in manufacturing and other business enterprises here is enormous; the energy, practical knowledge, and industrial skill exhibited in their management and operation are of the highest order. But great as is the present outcome of the splendid resources in hand, the development of these is still in its infancy. The growth of the city has been constant and rapid, its present pace is strong and healthy, and people who come here come for a purpose and to stay. In 1850 our population was two thousand two hundred and forty-five; in 1860, four thousand nine hundred and ninety-seven; in 1870, ten thousand seven hundred and thirty-three; in 1880, twenty-one thousand nine hundred and sixty-one, and to-day it is closely crowding twenty-seven thousand. New mills, factories and work- shops are in course of erection all the time. Every year is adding to the aggregation of capital that here finds profitable investment, and to the army of skilled artisans whose deft hands win ample wage. The diversity of the manufacturing interests represented is remarkable, and covers a wide range of productions that is annually extending. These are distributed to every part of the globe. They consist chiefly in cotton goods of almost every description, such as sheetings, lawns, prints, ginghams, tickiner, shirtings, duck, w.arps, and similar staples; woolen and worsted fabrics, comprising fine beavers, doeskins, cassimeres, horse-blankets, etc., among the former, and alpaca lusters and poplins among the latter. Thread-of all grades is a large item, paper of every kind, from the commonest wrapping to tlie finest writing, is one of the heaviest, and in the line of silk fabrics, organzines, silk and mohair braids, and serges are conspicuous. A great variety of tools and machinery, iron and steel wire, lumber in numberless forms, wood pulp, files, cutlery, wood screws, etc., form another important group, and still another might include rubber, carriages, steam and gas-pipe, water motors and boilers. Within a few years the lumber trade has come to be very active and has assumed large proportions. Immense lumber drives are sent down the river from the thick forests on its headwaters, where the trees are felled during the winter. These logs are held in the booms above the dam, and furnish a cheap and convenient supply to the lumber mills in this section. Banks. From the vast extent of the business transactions, that of the banking facilities might be naturally divined. There are four national banks — the City, Hadley Falls, Holyoke, and Home — whose capital aggregates $850,000 and the united surplus almost half that amount. Besides these there are three savings institutions — the Holyoke, Mechanics', and the People's. Holyoke as a Home. Let no one imagine, however, that the city of Holyoke is simply the seat of a thirty-thousand- horse water power and numerous extensive aud flourishing manufactories. It is a delightful place in CITY OF HOLYOKE. 235 ^y^«^o:->y'^>^-';:- SECOND CONGREQATIONAI, CHtTRCH. 236 CITY OF HOL YOKE. which to live. The city is self-contained and complete in all those things that make life rational and worth the living. In building uji tlie great and prosperous business interests that have made it famous Its people have not been oblivious to t he significant moral and social demands created and imposed by New England civilization. The city is new without being raw— though there is much that is rare It is modern in every essential regard. Its streets intersect at right angles, all its improvements, public and private, are of a substantial and permanent cliaracter, and inushroomism is conspicuous by 'its absence Extensive deposits of superior clay for brickmaking and the proximity of .stone quarries have in great sort conduced to this condition. Brick and stone are the prevailing building materials, and some of the most siglitly and solid specimens of architecture in the State adorn the thoroughfares of Holyoke notable among them the elegant City Hall. The number of beautiful private residences framed by cultivated lawns is a distinguishing feature, and manifold signs of prosperity are matched by the countless symbols of intelligence, culture, and refinement that rise on every hand. These, with pure air and water plenty of them, good gas, electricity, and the telephone, schools, churches, libraries street railways! Springfield, Worcester, Boston, Albany, and New York easily accessible, what more does a rational man want in an abiding-place? Public Schools. The attention given by the people of Holyoke to education and the ample provision they have made for it are commensurate with the importance that has always attached to it throughout New England. The public-school system in vogue here is of a piece with that which generally prevails in Ma.ssachusetts, injected, perhaps, with a practical spirit and element superinduced by the pronounced industrial character of the city. It is in charge of a School Committee, of which the mavor is chairman composed of one member from each of the seven wards and two at large ; there are also a superintendent and two truant officers. The schools are carefully graded, presided over by earnest, competent teachers are well attended and generously maintained. For the most part the school-houses are new, essentially modern in design and character, liberally furnished with the most approved apparatus,' and their accommodations adequate to the requirements of the school population. Churches and Benevolent Societies. A New England town destitute of church organizations and edifices would be a strange anomaly, indeed, but this intelligent, progressive city does not present it. Its life and growth are along parallel lines that indicate the processes of an harmonious development, and the eager devotion of its inhabitants to business pursuits has not swamped nor dwarfed the nobler instincts that find natural expression in religious work and worship. All the principal religious denominations common to this part of the country are represented here and have reared their altars of worship. In point of architectural appear- ance and interior appointments, the most of these church buildings will compare favorably with similar edifices in any city of equal size in the State. There is also a large number of societies of a benevolent, beneficial, and literary character, which are liberally supported, and whose unostentatious work is a valuable force in furthering the specific purposes for which they exist and in promoting the general welfare of the community. Holyoke Public Library. The educational equipment of no Massachusetts town is complete without its public library. It belongs in the same category as the church and the school-house, and one of the fixed and indispensable institutions is its library. The association was incorporated April 22d, 1870, and has cheerful and attractively furnished rooms in thg City Hall building. It contains upward of twelve thousand judi- ciously selected volumes, which are being constantly added to, and is very generally patronized by our citizens, especially the younger generation. A nominal fee entitles members to take books to their homes, but the library is absolutely free for reference. Water-Works. The water-works system is confessedly one of the best and most efficient of any city in New England, the tarifTis moderate, and the water is both pure and abundant. The works were completed in the summer of 1873, are constructed in the most thorough and substantial manner, the principal supply main and the permanent street mains being cast-iron, and the latter extending to every portion of the city. .\shley's and Wright's ponds, situated within the corporation limits, and hut three miles CITY Of HOLYOKE. 237 and a half from the City Hall, are the chief sources of supply, which was still further augmented in 1884 by turning Kiley and Tannery brooks into the main pipe. It is estimated that the supply is adequate to requirements of double the present population. Gas- Works. The gas-works are owned and operated by the Ilolyoke Water-Power Company, and were originally constructed by the Hadley Falls Company. Material improvements have been made by the present CITY HALL. proprietors, and the plant is now an extensive and valuable property. Almost every section of the city is reached by its mains, the gas produced is excellent in quality, and some thirty million feet per annum are manufactured and consumed. Fire Department. The arrangements for the subjection of fire are complete, and the equipment is thorough and of the most iraproveAxharacter. A competent force of zealous and experienced men, three steam fire- 238 CITY OF HOL YOKE. engines with the usual modern accessories, the system of city liydrants, together with that of the many- mills and manufactories, in conjunction with a general telephone and tire-alarm service, render this department practically perfect. City Government. The administration of municipal affairs is vested in a mayor, Board of Aldermen, and Common ' Council. Election is had on the first Tuesday in December of each year, and the government is formally organized on the first Monday of the following January. The Board of Aldermen is composed of seven members, one from each ward, and the Common Council of three from each ward. S. Fitzgerald, Rags, Paper Stock and Old Metals, Nos. 105 and 107 Pine Street. — Conspicu- ous among the diverse business interests of the city is the establishment of Mr. S. Fitzgerald. He occupies a three-story brick warehouse, 75x25 feet in proportions, and here he is carrying on an exten- sive trade as a general dealer in rags, paper stock and old metals of every description, also wrap- ping paper, twine and paper bags. Mr. Fitzgerald founded this business -in 1882 and has gradually built up a large trade, which extends to all parts of New England. He gives employment to five hands, and deals in all kinds of stock coming C. O'Leary, Dealer in Fre.sh and Salt Meats and Vegetables, No. 351 Main Street. — One of the best known and most popular houses engaged in the provision trade in this city is that of Mr. C. O'Leary. This gentleman, who is a native of Ireland, started business in 1878 at No. 167 Main street, and in 1885 he erected the building in which he is now located. His salesroom has an area of 25x70 feet, and it i3 very handsomely fit- ted up in oak fixtures, and admirably arranged and equipped for the business. It is very neat, clean and inviting in appearance, and the .stock at all times is a large well selected and choice one. It embraces fresh and salt meats of every description, vegetables of all kinds in season, etc. The exigencies of the business require the con- stant employment of three bauds, who give pi'oinpt and courteous attention to all patrons. Goods are delivered to any part of the city free. The goods are at all times reliable and as low in price as any other of the same quality in the mar- ket. Mr. O'Leary, who attends to every detail of his business is a thoroughly practical and enter- prising merchant, and is a director of the Mechanics' Savings Bank. Richards & Thayer, Dealers in Groceries and Provisions, Crockery, Glass, Wooden Ware, Confectionery, Grain, Feed, etc., Corner of Main and Sargent Streets. — This is an old-established, enterprising and popular store. It was origin- ally founded in April, 1866, under the firm style of Chapin & Thayer, and this partnership sulisisted until April 5th., 1867, when Mr. Cha- pin retired, and the firm as at present consti- tuted was org-mized. The copartners are Messrs. C. H. Richards and J. N. Thayer. The former is a native of Holyoke, and the latter of New Hamp- shire, and both have had a very extended experi- ence in this line of business Their business premises comprise a salesroom 25x40 feet in dimensions, and a storeroom in the rear 25x25 feet in measurement. The stock carried is a large and varied one, and embraces all kinds of staple and fancy groceries, teas and coffees of the finest brands, pure spices, fine confectionery, canned aoods in great variety, t.able delicacies of all kind.s, a full and complete line of provisions, flour, grain, feed, Yankee notions, etc. These are the finest goods to be found in the market, and the prices are such as to lead to a brisk and substantial trade. Four assistants give prompt and courteous attention to patrons, and goods are delivered free to any part of the city. The man- agement of the business is characterized by energy and fair dealing. under the comprehensive head of "junk," paying the highest prices. Mr. Fitzgerald is a native of Massachusetts, and reliable in all his dealings. Allyn & Kagwin, Fresh and Salt Meats and Produce, No. 168 High Street. — This business was inaugurated in March, 1885, and thecustomers and sales of the house have been steadily increasing ever since. The firm have their headquarters at No. 168 High street, where they occupy a hand- some store 60x25 feet in dimensions. The store is most attractive in its appointments, everything always being kept in a faultlessly clean condition. A large stock of the choicest fresh and salt meats of all kinds, also game and poultry is carried, in- cluding beef, mutton, lamb, pork, veal, breakfast bacon, ham, etc., also all kinds of produce fresh and reliable. All orders are delivered without ad- ditional cost. Messrs. William A. Allyn and Dwight H. Kagwin, the members of the firm, are both natives of Massachusetts, the former having been born in Holyoke, the latter at Montgomery. A. C. Judson & Williams, Manufac- tuiers of Patent Screen Plates, Mosher Building. — This business was originally founded at Newark, N. J., by Mr. Howard Judson, in 1883. The death of this gentleman occurred .sometime after and in June, 1885, the business was removed to this city and has since been carried on by A. C. Judson & Williams, the former being the widow of the founder of the enterpri.se. Mrs. Judson and her partner in business, Mr. Frank Williams, are both natives of New Jersey. They occupy an entire floor, 50X.5O feet in proportions, which is equipped with the finest machinery, operated by water power, and here the firm manufacture, on an extensive scale, the well-known patent screen plates which have gained such a reputation on aecouht of their superior qualities. These plates are used in paper mills for the purpose of screen- ing paper. The trade extends to all parts of the United States. LEADING MANVFACTUKERS AND MERCHANTS. 239 WEKltlCK THREAD GO'S. WORKS, IIULYOKK, MASS Merrick Thread Co., Man u fact urers of Merrick's Best Six Cord Soft Finish Spool Cotton and the Ready Wound Wooden Bobbins for Sewing Machines, Appletou and Main Sts. L. R. Hopkins, President ; J. M. Dunham, Superintendent. — Tlie first cotton sewing tliread was made in Paisley, Scotland, in 1812. Silk and linen thread had been previously entirely u.sed in sewing, but the wars of Napoleon rutting oft' the supply of raw silk, that then came to England from Hamburg, Brit- ish raauutacturers turned their attention to an efli- cient substitute, and found it in carefully spun cot- ton yarn. Itwa^ notatiirstbv any means perfect, and yet its smoothness and reliability caused it to be preferred to linen thread, and from the above named date the progress in the perfection of its manufacture and its growing use continued to develop and increase in a wonderlul manner. Eventually, about a quarter of a century ago, sev- eral firms began the manufacture of spool cotton in the United States, foreseeing the enormous demand, and haye built an immense trade in all sections of the country. Prominent among the representative and progressive houses thus refer- red to is the far-famed Merrick Thread Company, whose offices and mills in Holj-oke are located on Appleton and Main Streets. This company was duly incorporated in lftfi.5 under the laws of Mass- achusetts with a paid up capital of $50(1,000.(10 and since its organization at that date has built up a trade that extends from Canada to Texas and from Miine to California. The mills are eli- gibly situated in this city, possessing all the ben- efits accruing from direct rail and water commu- nication, and comprise a magnificent series of baildings specially erected, and containing the finest equipment of machinery and other appli- ances for thread-making purposes in existence. One thousand operatives are employed, and the machinery is operated by both sieam and water power. The followiug gentlemen, highly regarded and widely known in industrial and financial cir- cles for their .sound business principles, integrity, energy and enterprise, are the officers, viz : L. R. Hopkins, president ; Timothy Merrick, treasurer; C. W. Rider, secretary and paymaster; J. M. Dun- ham, s^uperintendent. The agents of the com- pany are: H. F. Palmer, 23& 25 ThomasSt.,New York; A W. Burr, 276 Devonshire St., Bo.stou; T. S. Hovey, 248 Chestnut St., Philadelphia ; E. A. Still, 205 Fifth Avenue, Chicago. The Merru k Thread Coiupany manufacture extensively the bi ^t three and six cord spool cotton, which is put nji on two hundred-yard spools for family use and cinli\e hundred, twelve hundied, twenty-four hundred, and twelve thousand yaids spools for manul'iK- turers' requirements. The patent ready Monnd bobbins for sewing machine shuttles an wcjodcu bobbins filled with thread, complete to pu' in o the shuttle, and as perfectly wound as on oidi- nary spool, givingamore perJecl Itnsion and bi t- ter work than the ordinary iron bolibin fill.d ly the operator. Merrick's best six cord .sott finish and three cord satin finish spool cottons aie new recognized by experts as eqn:il to the best manu- factured in this country o. Europe, hei-ause tluy are smooth, elastic, strong and of unitbrm quality. The production of Merrick's spool cotton ni.iy justly be styled one of the greatest triumphs of American inventive genius, skill and labor, in competition with foreign talent and enter- prise. 240 CJTV OF HOLYUKE. Wliitiug- Paper Company, First Level Canal, Holyoke. L. L. Brown, President; William Whiting, Treasurer and Agent. — An examination of the leading industries of Holyoke reveals the fact that there are some houses vphich are entitled to be termed representative by the prominence they have achieved in their particular line of business. The paper industry of this city is one of the earliest and at the present time is one of the most prosperous of American industries, and in its history are embodied many features inci- dent to the rise and development of their indus- trial pursuits. Ths manufacture of paper even after the war of the Revolution, though emancipated from the claims imposed upon it by British policy, did not flourish, and for many years especially for the finer grades we were compelled to look to Europe for our supply. Eventually, however, during the last quarter of a century through the energy,enterpri.seandability of our manufacturers, paper is produced in ihe United States fully equal if not superior to the finest productions of France and England. Prominent among the leading manufac- turers thus referred to in Holyoke,is the progressive and reliable Whiting Paper Company, whose office and mills are located at the First Level Canal. The company has likewise extensive warerooms at 45 Beekman St., New York, and at 18 South St., Phil- adelphia. Tne Whiting Paper Company was duly incorporated in 1865 with a capital of $100,000 which sum has now been increased to $300,000. This amount,however,is only one- fourth of the cash needed to carry on this extensive business. The officers of the company are Mr. L. L. Brown, presi- dent, and Mr. William Whiting, treasurer and agent; both of whom are thoroughly practical business men and possess an intimate knowledge of every detail of the manufacture, and the requirements of the market. The mills are among the finest in this country, equipped with splendid machinery, appliances and apparatus necessary for the system- atic and successful conduct of the business. Six hundred and fifty experienced operatives are em- ployed in these extensive mills, the machinery is driven by both steam and water power, and the monthly payroll amounts to l}i20,000. The com pany manufactures largely wedding and envelope. Whit- ing antique parchment standard linen papers, which are now used by the leading high-class en- graving and stationery establishments throughout the country, being absolutely unsurpassed for quality, finish, nniformity and general excellence, and have no equals in the United States or Europe. Since its inception the Whiting Paper Company has become the largest manufacturer of the finest qualities of writing paper of every description in the world, the cipacity of its mills being twenty- one tons daily. Envelopes of every kind are also produced in vast quantities, and are general favoiites with the trade and public wherever introduced. Mr. Brown, the president, is highly esteemed for his unswerving honor and sound bus- iness principles, and worthily presides over ihe rapidly increasing iiiterestsof the company. Mr. William Whiting, the treasurer and agent, after whom the company is named, is as widely known for his talents and inflexible integrity, as for the just manner in which he attends to the inter- ests of customers. The standing of the Whiting Paper Company in corameicial circles is too well known to require any further comments at our hands, and, both as regards business ability and true American enterprise, it justly merits the high reputation to which it has permanently attained in this important industry. F. D. Cordes & Co., Decoiators and Paints ers, corner High and Suflblk Streets. — The above firm are represmtative of one of the leading industrial hou.ses of Holyoke. Messrs. F. D. Cordes & Co. establi-shed their business in January, 1885, and the enterprise has proved to be a profitable and popular one from tiie start. The firm have their headquarters in Cordes Block, occupying the store and basement, each of them 80x28 feet in dimensions. A force of thirty-fonr hands are afforded employment and the firm are at all times amply prepared to exe- cute all orders for decorating, painting and paper- hanging that may be entrusted to them, all work guaranteed to be performed in the most artistic and finished style. They carry a very large stock of wall-papers, mixed paints, var- nishes, oils, brushes, etc., and also deal heavily in fine wall-papers, artists' materials, plastic centers, window-shades, oilcloths, etc., etc., every article entering into the composition of their stock being the best quality obtainable. Their store is very handsomely fitted up and furnished, and is an attractive place to vi.sit. The individual members of this prominent firm are Messrs. F. D. Cordes and Robert Johannis, both natives of Germany, who are practically ac- quainted with every branch of the business in which they are engaged. Kourse & McCammou, Clothing, Hats, Caps, and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods, corner Dwight and Front Streets. — An establishment noted for its elegance and popularity in this city is thatconducted by Messrs. Nourse & McCammon. The business house managed by these gentlemen was established in 1872 by Messrs C. B. Harris & Co., the present proprietors succeeding to the con- trol in 1881. Their store is located under the well-known Windsor Hotel, covers an area of 29x100 feet, and is very handsomely fitted np throughout. The fixtures are of cherry wood and the workmanship and taste displayed in the ar- rangements are of a very high order. A very ex- tensive stock is carried by Messrs. Nourse & Mc- Cammon, comprising a complete variety of cloth- ing for gentlemen's, youth's and children's wear, in all the latest styles and fashions, a full assortment of fashionable hats and caps, and a superb stock of gentlemen's ftirnishing goods of all kinds, embrac- ing all the latest desirable novelties. A fine line of trunks, traveling bags, rubber goods and um- brellas is also carried, combining every excellence of superior manufacture. Five polite and active clerks are employed and patrons receive courteous attention. The members of the firm, Messrs. F. E. Nourse and Frank McCammon, are enterprising and energetic. The former is a native of Lancas- ter, Mass., while the latter was born in New York. They are wide-awake, experienced men of business, social, genial and agreeable with their patrons and the public, who hold them in biiih regard as merchants and citizens, and liber- ally patronize them. LEADINO MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 241 Parsons Paper Co., Manafacturersof Bond, Bank Note and Parchmeut Papers, also Scotch Linen Ledger, etc.. Upper Level Canal, Aaron Bagg, Jr., President. — Among the various interests which diversil'y the industries of Holyoke none deserves more prominent mention than that ot the manu- facture of paper. It is one that gives employ- ment to a large number of operatives, and in many ■ways forms an important item in estimating the manufacturing aud coramerical importance of this enterprising aud thriving city. lu former years we were compelled to look to Europe, espec- ially to Eugland for our supply, of bond, bank note, parchment and linen papers, but now. thanks to the enterprise and skill of the progressive and reliable Parsons Paper Company, these specialties are now produced at Holyoke, equal if not super- ior to the most famous foreign importations. The English linen paper is likewise rapidly disappear- ing from the market, which fact is a credit and honor to American industry. The Parsons Paper Company was duly incorporated in 18.53 with a paid-up capital of $GO,0(J0. This sum, however, is only nomiual,as the officers have often ten times that amount invested in stock, machinery ,buildings etc. The paper mills, four in number, are located on the Upper Level Canal. They are very spacious, and are admirably equipped with all the latest improved appliances, apparatus and machinery necessary for the .systematic conduct of the busi- ness. Three hundred and tifty hands are era- ployed in the various departments and the ma- chinery is operated by a three-hundred and fifty- horse power steam engine, and eight powerful water wheels. The monthly payroll amounts to upwards of §10,001), and the total daily capacity of the mills is twelve tons. The following gentle- men, widely known and highly regarded in manu- facturing and financial circles lor their sound bu.si- ness principles, integrity and ability, are the offi- cers, viz ; Aaron Bagg, Jr., president; E. P. Bagg, treasurer; E. C. Weiser, secretary, J. S. McElwain, agent. The company manufactures extensively bond, bank note and parchment papers, also the celebrated Scotch linen ledger, and white and tinted writing and envelope papers, and Bristol boards. The.se various papers are general lavor- ites wherever introduced, and are absolutely un- rivalled for quality, finish, and general excellence by those of any other first-class house in the United States or Europe. G. W. Ingalls & Co., Boots, Shoes, Trunks and Satchels, No. 59 Dwight Street : A. Van Tas- sel, Manager. — One of the most attractive estab- lishments in the city is that of Messrs. G. W. Ingalls & Co , which was opened in May, 1885, and is a branch of a vast industry conducted by this firm, the beadiiuarters being at Syracuse, N. Y., and other branches at Utica, Albany, Troy, and Boston. The manager of the branch in this city, is Mr. A. Van Tassel, who is a native of Syracuse, and an expert and honorable busi- ness man. The store covers an area of 25x90 feet, the interior appointments are attractive, and the place is always kept in neat and perfect order. A very large stock is carried, comprising a superb assortment of medium and fine quality boots and shoes of all kinds for both ladies', gen- tlemen's and children's wear, also a full line of slippers and rubbers. The stock carried likewise includes a superior assortment of trunks and satchels, in which is shown every desiiable variety. Five hands are employed. Mr. G. W. Ingalls, the proprietor, is a gentleman whose high reputation is best borne out by the extensive proportions of the enterprise controlled by him. Peiino & Co., General Grocers and Tea Merchants, Dwight Street, under Windsor Hotel. — Among the best known business houses of this city is that of Messrs. Feuno & Co. This house dates its existence from 1877, when it was estab- lished by E. A. Fenno & Co. In May of the year 1886 the change in management occurred, Mr. F. A. Fenno, a brother of the founder, and Mr. C. H. Clary becoming the proprietors and chang- ing the firm style to Fenno & Co. The firm occupy a fine large store having a frontage of twenty-five feet and running back a depth of 93 feet. The place is attractive and filled with a well kept stock embracing everything desirable in fancy and staple groceries, new invoices being received daily, direct from the leading importers and manufacturers. Five assistants are employed by the firm, including a lady cashier. Three deliv- ery wagons are attached to the establishment and goods are delivered free of charge to all parts of the. city. Messrs. Fenno and Clary are both natives of Massachusetts. N. W. Quint, Undertaker, 207 High Street. — The oldest and most prominent undertaker in the city is Mr. N. W. Quint, who has been carry- ing on business here since 1854. Coming to the city in 1848 he has seen every brick building but one erected. Mr. Quint is a native of Maine and is a master of his profession. For nearly thirty years his name has been familiar to the population of this city.^ The founding of the estab'ishment took place in 1854, and he has ever since been one of the leading and favorite men engaged in his call- ing in this community. Mr. Quint occupies a fine office and wareroom, 60x15 feet in dimensions, where he receives orders and carries an assortment of fine burial cases and burial clothing, coffin plates, hearses, and funeral carriages being furai.shed to order by him. Mr. Quint, in addition to his undertaking business, also attends to auctioneering of all kinds and his services are in frequent requi- sition in this line. One of Holyoke's most hon- ored citizens, Mr. Quint is enjoying a prosperous patronage. F. J. March, Dealer in Watches, Clocks and Jewelry, No. 308 High Street. — A notable new establishment is that conducted by Mr. F. J. March, who began business on his own account in January of the year 1886, bringing to bear an experience of five years at his trade. His store is a large, commodious place, 60x25 feet in dimensions, and fitted up in handsome style throughout, and supplied with a number of ele- gant show cases. The store is filled with a superb stock of diamonds, watches, clocks, jewelry, silver and plated ware etc., all of the best makes aud quality. Watches, clocks and jewelry are repaired at short notice aud at reasonable rates. Mr. March is a native of Massachusetts, having been bom at Deerfield. He is a young man, full of enterprise aud energy. 242 CITY OF EOLYOKE. E.Whitaker, Manufacturer of Every Descrip- tiou of Loom and Dresser Keeds.— The importance and diverisity of the manufacturing interests of Holyoke are well shown by the old and substantial concern whose name stands at the head of this review. The production of loomand dresserreeds has assumed such magnitude that no industry represented iu this work is entitled to more care- ful consideration. Mr. E. Whitaker, the proprie- tor, established himself in business as far back as 185-2, and d-uring the thirty-four years he has.beeu before the public has maintained the highest rep- utation for commercial integrity and so familiariz- ed himself with the wants of the trade as to be able to meet all demands upon his skill and resources in the mo.st perfect and reliable man- ner. The factory is 25x50 feet in area and pro- vided with all the machinery that can be profit- Max Cobe, One Price Clothier, No. 77 and 79 Dwight Street. — A leading house in this line is that of Mr. Max Cobe, which was established in 1878. The premises consist of a handsomely furnished store 88x29 feet in dimensions. It has a very attractive appearance and is equipped with every appliance and convenience for the accommodation of the splendid stock. The assort raents of broadcloths, suiting, etc., of both foreign and domestic manufacture, are from the most fashionable and reliable sources of supply, and the most fastidious and critical cannot fail to be suited. Mr. Cobe employs a staff of eight hands, and has gained an enviable reputation for the superiority and artistic style and cut of the vari- ous garments made at his establishment. He also carries a full and complete assortment of ready-made clothing for men's youths' and child- ablv used, no facility or convenience being omitted, ren's wear, also a large line in gentlemen s furnish The most expert and experienced hands are em ployed and the work is systematically conducted. The reeds manufactured by this house are in use in all parts of the Union and frequent shipments are made to Canada, the export business, indeed, being an important and growing feature of the estalilishment. The choicest selected materials are invariably used and every finished article is fully garauteed for strength and entire satisfaction. Possessing unsurpassed facilities for the manip- ulation of its extensive business, the house of Mr. E. Whitaker is enabled to place its goods upon the market in such manner as to secure to buyers every legitimate advantage in the quality and prices known to the trade. The patronage of the house is increasing with the general growth of the city's traffic and its infiuence is exerted for the welfare of the commerce of Holyoke. Personally Mr. Whitaker has been long known as a man of use- fulness and energy, always amoog the foremost in enlerprises calculated to advance the material interests of the city. Forest, Lafond & Co., Pharmacia Cana- dienne. No. 337 Main Street.— Though founded so recently as September, 1885, this establish- ment has had a most marked success. The house at first dealt in pianos, organs, musical in- struments of all kinds, jewelry, silverware, sta- tionery, etc.; and iu July, 1886, the drug depart- ment was added. This department is under the management of Mr. P. L. Lafond, who is a phar- maceutical graduate, and his partners, Messrs. F. Forest and Alfred Bissonnette, superintend the other departments. All the members of the firm are natives of Canada. The premises are spacious, commodious and tastefully fitted up, and the drug department is finely stocked with a choice assort- ment of pure drugs and chemicals, proprietary remedies of value, perfumery, toilet articles, al.so artists' materials and paints etc. , while special at- tention is paid to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipe's, and all orders are tilled with promptitude and the greatest care and accuracy. The firm also cairy a large stock of piano.s, organs, brass and stringed musical instru- ments, jewelry, silverware, picture frames, station- ery, etc., and picture frames of all sizes, materials aiid quality are made to order. The firm are accorded an extensive French patronage, and the members of it have won for themselves a high and enviable reputation. ing goods, embracing all the latest foreign and domestic novelt'es. Mr. Cobe is a native of Germany and has been a resident of Holyoke for the last eight years. D. H. Smith, Dentist, No. 235 High Street.— The well-known and popular dentist rooms of D. H. Smith, located at No. 235 High street, were founded fifteen years ago. D. H. Smith is a native of Massachusetts, and attends to all department of dental art, and makes a specialty of filling teeth. Teeth are painlessly extracted, and arti- ficial teeth, arranged on a new principle, are furnished at reasonable rates and warranted to give satisfaction. Gold crowns are fitted on to broken down teeth and roots, and full sets and part sets of teeth are made without plates and fa.stened in the mouth as firmly as the natural teeth. This bridge work is especially valuable in replacing one or two teeth. Prompt and court- eous attention is given to all patrons. This firm take a leading position in the profession, and they have a large and substantial clientele. Fitzgerald & Co., Booksellers and Sta- tioners, No. 196 High Street.— For the past fif- teen years the house of Messrs. Fitzgerald & Co., which was founded in 1872, by James Fitzger- ald, who died in 1874, has been a noted one among the commercial enterprises of Holyoke. The firm's store is very eligibly located, its fit- tings and furnishings are of an attractive charac- ter, and the house is a leading one in its line of trade in the city. The store is commodious, being 25x80 feet in dimensions, and the stock is a large and varied one, embracing books upon every kind of subject, and including the works of all the standard authors; mercantile and fancy stationery, pictures, picture frames, and fancy goods in great variety. The house does a large and constantly increasing trade not in the city only, but throughout the surrounding districts. Three as.sistants are employed, and prompt and courteous attention is paid to all patrons, while in every department of the business the prices will stand comparison with those of any other establishment in the same line of trade. Pic- ture-frames are m:ide in any design to order. Mr. Daniel J. Fitzgerald who is the sole proprie- tor; is a native of Amherst, in this State, and is very popular. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 243 T>. i'\ Cogiilan Holyoke Steam Boiler and lr«ii Works, Manufacturers of all kinds of Steel and "Wrought Iron Steam Boilers, etc., Nos. 20 to 28 Cjescent St., Junction of Park.— The an- nually incieasius; demand for steel and wrought iron boilers of all kinds throughout the United States necessitates correspondingly large facilties for their produciion,hencetheconstruction of steam boilers, etc., coustitntes a very important industry. A prominent and 'orogressive house in Holyoke engaged in this business is that of Mr. D. F. C'ogh- lau, whose works are located at Nos. 20 to 28 Crescent street. This house was founded by the present proprietor in ifl65, since which period he has built up a liberal patronage. Mr. Coghlan is an experienced and piactical mechanic, all the operations of his works are conducted under his personal supervision, thus insuring to the trade only such specialties as will withstand the most critical tests, both in regard to material used fn their construction, and the workmanship employ- ed. The premises occupied are spacious and "on- venient, and are fully supplied with the latest improved machinery, tools, and appliances, includ- ing machines for di.sbing heads, plate plainers, steam riveting machinery, etc., all of which are opeiated by a forty-horse power steam engine. Sixty experienced boiler makers, mechanics, etc., are employed and the trade of the house extends all ovar the State. Mr. Coghlan manufactures all kinds of steel and wrought iron steam boilers rotatory bleachers, penstocks. Barlow keirs, wheel- cases, tanks, smoke flues, and light and heavy plate-iron work, which are absolutely unsur- passed for quality of materials, durability, work- manship and general excellence by those of any other first-class house in the trade. A specialty is made' of chemical wood-pulp digestives and rotatory bleachers. He is shortly to introduce several new patterns and controls several others that have not yet been put on the market. Repairs on boilers are promptly executed, while steam and gas fitting is carefully attended to in all its branches, at the lowest possible prices consistent with good workmanship and materials. Mr. Cogh- lan is a native of Boston, but has resided in Holyoke the greater part of his life, and the sig- nal success attained by him is only thejust reward of his probity, energy and industry. Phelps & Tower, Housefurnishing Goods, Ranges, Furnaces, Tinning and Plumbing, 18 Main Street. — This well established enterprise has been in successful operation at its present location for sixteen years. The house was founded in 1870 by Mr. C. H. Tower, who conducted it alone until 1879, when he associated with himself Mr. G. A. Phelps and organized the firm of Phelps & Tower; throughout its career it has always had the confi- dence and received the support of the public. Three floors and a basement are occupied, and the premises are fittedupinthemost convenient man- ner for the exhibition and storage of goods. The stock embraces hou.sefurnishing goods, ranges, furnaces, and kindred articles. None but the best known and most meritorious productions are car- ried. The assortments are always complete and customers are sure of obtaining what they wish in its most attractive and acceptaVjle form. Special attention is given to tin, copper and sheet iron. They are also large workers in mill copper work, ventilators and mill work of all kinds. Only the most expert workmen are employed, of whom from ten to fifteen are kept constantly busy. PlnmViing in all its branches is carefully done, sanitarj' requirements being respected and Ibllow- ed. Before concluding it is proper to state that no similar concern in the city is prepared to ofier more favorable terms, a result of the investment of ample capital and the purchase of supplies un- der the best conditions. Messrs Phelps & Tower are both widely known and recognized as men of energy and ability, prosecuting their affairs in a trustworthy and honorable way. 244 CITY OF BOLYOKE. J. & W. Jolly, Machinists, Blacksmiths and General Jobbers aud Manufacturers of Paper Mak- ing Ma<:hinery, First Level Canal, Between Apple- ton aud Cabot Streets — We desire to call special attention to the reliable aud progressive firm of Messrs J. & \V. Jolly, blacksmiths, machinists and general jobbers, also manufacturers of paper making specialties, vfhose works are located in Holyoke, on the First Level Canal, betvfeen Appleton and Cabot streets. This business was established in 1879 by the present proprietors, Messrs. J. & W. Jolly, who are thoroughly prac- tical workmen ; all the operations of the works are conducted under their personal supervision, thus insuring only such machines as will with- stand the most critical tests. The premises occu- pied comprise a two-story brick biiildiug, '25x120 feet in dimensions, fully supplied with all modern tools and machinery known to the trade. The machinery is operated by water power, while fifty experienced mechanics, operatives, etc., are employed. Messrs. J. & W. Jolly manufacture with great care J. J. Manning's pateut combination winder, Finlay's patent continuous paper cutter, also screens and vats for paper machines. Ferry's patent star du.ster, etc. They likewise promptly refill Jordan engines and engine rolls, and make elevators, power boiler pumps, paper calender rolls, stulf pumps, pulleys, shatting, hangers and gearing. Iron and steel forging, model and pat- tern making are likewise immediately attended to. The productions of this responsible firm are unsurpassed for quality of materials,workmanship, durability and general excellence and have no superiors. The following companies are now using Messrs. J. & W. Jolly's screens and vats, ■viz: Chemical Paper Co. , Holj oke, Mass ; Albion Paper Co , [4] Holyoke, Mass; Winoua Paper Co., [4] Holyoke, Mass; Holyoke Paper Co., [3] Holyoke, Mass ; Crane Bro's., Westfield, Mass ; Chester Paper Co. , Huntinglon, Mass; Parsons Paper Co., Holyoke, Mass ; Riverside Paper Co., Holyoke, Mass ; Beebe & Holbrook Paper Co. , Holyoke, Mass ; Newton Paper Co., [8] Holyoke, Mass; South worth Co,, Mittineague, Mass; Agawam Paper Co., Mittineague. Mass ; Hamp- shire Paper Co., South Hadley Falls,Mass. Large numbers have been sold all over the country. Both partners are highly esteemed iu manufactur- ing circles for their mechanical ability, skill and integrity. We may add in conclusion that those opening business rtlations with this trustworthy house may rely on the promptness and liberality of all transactions undertaken. Holyoke Paper Company, Manufacturers of Superior Animal Sized Writing and Envelope Papers of every Variety etc.. Second Level Canal, O. H. Greenleaf, President. — It is absolutely cer- tain that in no country in the civilized world has paper making been brought to such a high degree of perfection as in the United States. Taking up this industry in detail, it becomes necessary to make special mention in this review of the Hol- yoke Paper Company, whose mills are situated on the Second Level Canal. This progressive and i representative company was incorporated in 18.57 ' with a nomi lal capital of $50,000, present capital ^ $300,000, and since its organization has built up a j permanent and influential patronage in all sectiens , «f the United States and Canada, owing to the I superiority of its productions. The officers of t he ' company are Mr. O. H. Greenleaf, president ami ' agent, and Mr. O. S. Greenleaf, treasurer. The foundation of thesignatsuccessof thisreliablecom- , pany liesundoubtedly in the complete knowledge of I business possessed by the ofBcers, who are j thoiough business men. From the commence- ment of its business the Holyoke Paper Company undertook to make goods of standard quality only, and has never wavered from that policy. The company manufactures extensively superior ani- mal sized writing and envelope papers of every variety and desciiption, which are unrivalled for finish, quality, unitbrmity and general excellence. The premises occupied comprise five spacious buildings, which are admirably equipped with all the latest improved apparatus, machinery and appliances. Two-hundred and fifty operatives are employed, and the machinery is drawn by water power. Eight tons of highly finished paper are daily produced, and the payroll amounts to upwards of §11,000 monthly. Messrs. O. H. ,;nd O. S. Greenleaf, the officers, are highly esteemed in mercantile life for their unswerving honor and integrity and well merit the great degree of success which has rewarded their able and energetic efforts. Holyoke Knife Co., Manufacturers of Paper Engine Bars and Plates. Eag Cutter, and Trimming Knives, No. 5 Mosher's Building. — Oc- cupying a prominent position among the useful in- dustries of the city is the Holyoke Knife Company. The premises occupied are large, commodious and thoroughly equipped with all the necessary machi- nery and mechanical appliances, operated with water power. The agent of the company, Mr. P. Frost, is a native of Maine, and has had long and valuable experience as an iron and steel worker, having for forty years followed theblack-smithing I trade. In 1884,located at the above named place, I he turned his attention to his present line of trade and has built up a large city and out-of-town trade. His trade with the paper mills is particularly extensive, the superior goods manufactured by him being in high favor. He gives employment to six experienced workmen. A specialty is made I of grinding, and all orders in this line are attended j to promptly and satisfactorily. C. H. Prentis.s, Tailor, No. 199 High Street. — The establishment of Mr. C. H. Prentiss is one of the most popular merchant tailoring houses in the city. The business is devoted exclusively to the manufacture of fine custom clothing. From ten to fifteen employees, expert in their various departments, are employed by Mr. Prentiss. The business was founded in 1871 by the present pro- prietor, who is a native of Acworth, N. H.,and an accomplished and experienced cutter and work- man. He occupies two rooms on the second floor of No. 199 High street, with a workroom in the rear. The rooms are very tastefully fitted up aud heavily stocked with a fine and valuable assortment of the best class of foreign and domestic fabrics. Those who .should conclude to deal at this establishment may depend upon a perfect fit, choice and tasteful fabrics, elegant styles and perfect fiui.sh ; while the |)rices are governed b.v a high sense of moderation, for which the house has a thoroughly established reputation. LEADING MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS. 245 American Pad Co., Manufacturers of all sizes of Paper Pads, Animal Sized, Loft Dried and Manila Pads ; Dealers in Flat and Ruled Papers, No. 32 Main Street. — If the enterprise and com- mercial advantages of a city are more clearly established by one fact than by all others, it is the rise of new houses of large dimensions on the great thoroughfares of trade and by the side of and to the battle for patronage with establishments whose junior members have grown gray in the period of the firm's existence. Among such con- cerns the American Pad Company at present occupies a most important place. This enterprise, though founded as late as January, 188.'{, posses.«es all the substantial qualities of its oldest competi- tors and is pushing toward the largest and best trade enjoyed by any house of the kind in Hol- yoke. The members of the company, both of whom have had a valuable business experience, are T. W. Halley and G. W. Brainerd. With a thorough knowledge of the paper manufacturing interest, progressive ideas, untiring energy and ample resources, the causes that have led to the excep- tional success of the establishment are ni.ide mani- fest. The entire third floor, measuring 90x100 feet, is occupied, and is fitted up in an admirable manner. The mechanical equipment embraces all the newest and most improved machinery and appliances. The manufacture is confined to paper pads and tablets, and these are made in all the popular styles and from such materials as find the greatest fixvor In the market. They find ready .sale wherever introduced and thioughout the country the stamp of the company commands respect and confidence. Special pains are taken to preserve reliability and uniformity and no goods are shipped without undergoing rigid inspection. Sweeping changes are made at proper intervals, novcltiesare added and old patterns discarded, and thus buyers can always depend on finding in the stock the newest and most attractive designs. The most favorable terms are given to customers, and orders are filled without delay. The com- pany takes an active and useful part in the upbuilding the line of production and trade in which it is engaged and contributes in no small measure to the industrial prosperity of the city generally. Mlinil & Baush, Founders and Machinists. — The manutacture of machinery and iron goods for the use of various trades constitutes a promi- nent and useful industry, and a leading and repre- sentative concern in that line is operated by Messrs. Munn & Baush. This flourishing enter- prise was commenced in 1880 by the present mem- bers of the firm, J. N. Munn and Christian A. Baush, and from its inauguration has had a steady career of expansion. The commodious and well arranged premises are supplied with all the latest and best machinery used in the business and all other requisite appliances and facilities. An engine of ample power drives the machines and the entire establishment is sy.stematically divided into appropriate departments. The lines of man- ufacture are varied and extensive, including iron castings of every description, bridge and other plates, cotton, paper and woolen mill work and, in fact, all specialties of a similar character. A Ibice of forty experienced hands is constantly employed and the whole is under the active personal super- vision of Messrs. Munn & Baush, who give theii entire time and attention to the business. A large demand is supplied in Holyoke and frequent orders are received from this and surrounding States. The establishment does only first-class work and produces many new and valuable devices which are in great favor in the different trades for which they are designed. The firm is reliable and responsible, makes a point of filling all con- tracts promptly and in exact accordance with the terms. Frank Octo & Co., Dealers in Stoves, Ranges, Furniture, Glass, Wooden and Crockery Ware, Bedding, Household Furnishing Goods, etc., Nos. 63 to 75 High Street. — Founded on the 27th of February, 1870, this house has become the most noted one in its line in the city, and it has a patronage of a very extensive and substan- tial character. The premises occupied for the business comprise two stores, and both of these are very commodious, and provided with every appliance and convenience for facilitating the transaction of business. The salesrooms are neatly fitted up and admirably arranged, and the stock is both large and of a very varied character. It embraces everything needed in the furnishing of a house, stoves, ranges, furniture of all kinds, glass, wooden and crockery ware, feathers and bed- ding, and housefurnishing goods of every descrip- tion. There is ample choice here tor tho.se who are about to set up housekeeping, or who are replenishing their houses with newer goods. Goods are sold at the lowest market rates for spot cash or on the installment plan at reasonable rates. The house has a large trade among the French residents. The proprietors are Messrs. Frank Octo and Napoleon Desrosier. The former is a native of Quebec, and the latter was born in Montreal, Canada. They are pushing, enterpris- ing business men. Holyoke Steam and Oas Fitting Co., Dealers in Pumps, Gauges, Brass and Iron Fittings, etc., Shop, No. 120 Front Street. — This prosperous enterprise was founded in 1885 and, impelled by the thorough practical knowledge of the proprietors and the possession of ample manufacturing facil- I ities and other resources, an exten.si ve and increas- ing business has been built up, distributed broadly over Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Vermont. The premises occupied are , situated at No. 120 Front street. The supply of machinery and tools comprehends all that can be advantageously u.sed. A force of fifteen skilled mechanics are given steady employment. The company also deals in pumps, gauyes, brass and iron fittings, plain and galvanized iron pipes, coils and heaters. The stock represents the most mer- itorious goods that are produced and is selected ! with care and judgment. Mill repairing is 1 promptly attended to and a .specialty is made of house heating. The practical application of the laws of heat nowhere finds better illustration ' than in the apparatus put up and the methods adopted by this company, and have never failed to give the most complete satisfaction. The estab- lishment is one of the prominent and valuable industrial institutions of the city. Messrs. M. F. Manning and G. Doran are both natives of Mass- achusetts, and men of energy and perseverance. 246 CITY OF HOL YOKE. K. H. Hill Machine Co., Manufacturers , of the Patent Friction Clutch Hercules ; also R. i H. Hill's Patent Safety Steam and Hand Power Ele- vators. — Although one of the most recent, the K. \ H. Hill Machine Co. is one of the most important ■ and progressive accessions to the industrial and mercantile establishments of this city, dealing largely in machinery, tools and supplies for num- erous useful lines of industry and manufacturing several special mechanical devices of peculiar ' merit. The enterprise \¥as inaugurated in July, 1884, and commenced operations under the most ; auspicious circumstances, Mr. Hill having an ex- tended acquaintance in the best circles and dating I his experience in the business back sixteen years. The patronage accorded the house has steadily 1 increased and the volume of trade now reaches a very significiint amount in value yearly. The ■works are amply supplied with new and approved machinery and appliances and the facilities and conveniences are of the most superior character. The range of manufacture includes the " Patent Friction Clutch Hercules " and K. H. Hill's patent safety steam and hand power elevators. The special points of excellence for which these widely known productions are distinguished are too familiar to the manufacturers and business men of the country to require any particular notice at our hands. Numerous voluntary testimonials from leading and reliable concerns throughout the Union attest; their efficiency and commend them all who desire the best devices and appliances it is pos- sible to procure, involving economy and perfect satisfaction in performance. The company furnish steam engines, boilers and wood and iron working tools and the prices obtained are always as low as the cost of manufacture and a reasonable profit will permit. The establishment is presented as one that enjoys the entire confidence of the trade and the public generally. It is enterprising, sub- stantial and thoroughly reliable in everyway. J. T. Hunter, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Harnesses, Collars, Halters, Whips, Blankets, Fly- nets, Brushes, Curry Combs, etc., No. 49 Main Street. — Mr. Hunter is an extensive manufac- turer of and dealer in saddles, harnesses, collars, halters, whips, blankets, fly-nets, brushes, curry combs, also nice line of horse-boots and turf- goodSjCtc, and has been established in bu.siness in Holyoke since 1 879. He occupies a fine store and second floor, each 60x25 feet in dimensions, the second floor being used as a workshop. The store is neat in its arrangements and is filled with an inimen.se stock of goods, which are al- ways kept in excellent order and condition. Mr. Hunter manufactures both fine and cheap grades of harnesses, and makes a specialty of producing a fine line of harnesses, saddlery goods and col- lars. All goods are made by hand, and the best class of work is turned out. A large ci;y trade is enjoyed and prices are as low as the lowest. Mr. Hunter is u native of New York State, is a thoroughly practical workman at his business and gives employment to five workmen. Dickieson & Morrison, Dry Goods, Delaney's Marble Block, No. 202 to 210 High Street. — The leading establishment in its line in this city is the house of Messrs. Dickie.son & Morri.scn, the popular and well-known dry goods merchants. The firm established their business in 1877, starting in a small way, but possessed with that determination and pushing enterprise which invariably win success in the business. The firm occupy both the basement and the first floor of the building, the former being used as a ware room for the surplus and duplicate stock. The store is laige and arranged throughout in hand- some style. It has six fine large show windows, which are always artistically decorated with a choice assortment of goods. Every convenience and facility is provided for the successful carrying on of the business, including the Martin cash car- rier system. The store is divided into two princi- ]!al departments, dry goods and millinery, the latter being at the rear of the first floor, on a raised floor or platform ,'50x25 feet in dimensions. The stock carried comprises an immense assort- ment of every description of dry and fancy goods, nations, millinery, ladies' and gentlemen's fur- nishing goods of all kinds. About forty hands are employed and the liim enjoys a large city and country patronage, and ver.y desirable bargains may at all times be had here. Messrs. A. E. Dickieson and William Morrison, the proprietors of this enterprising house, have a high reputation among business circles. The former is a native of Prince Edward Island, the latter of Scotland. Dean & Wlieclook, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Paper Hangings, Paints, Oils, Glass, etc., 147 Main Street. — This well known house has for over thirteen years been one of the leading establishments of the city. The store is a model of taste in its arrangement, and the stock is always standard and select, comprising everythinu late and desirable in paper-hangings, window-shades at wholesale and retail, etc , also a full assortment of superior paints, oils, glass, oils, etc. A .specialty is made of decorations and frescoeing, in which the firm have made a widespread reputation, by reason of the finish- ed, artistic manner in ^^hich all work is per- tormed by them. The most marvelous eflects in shades and combinations of colors, the most pleasing effects and harmonious blendings, and the boldest. mo.st unique designs are carried out in a faultless manner. The firm give em- ployment to a force of about thirty-five hands and are prepared to execute all work in their line at short notice and in the most satisfactory manner. Messrs. W. T. Dean and W. F. Whee- lock, the membeis of the firm, are both practi- cally ac(|uainted with every detail of their busi- ness. Mr. Dean is a native of New York State, while Mr. Wheelock was born in Massachu- setts. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 247 Tuttle Rubber Works, Manufacturers of Jenkins & Frink's Pump Valve, Washers, Pack- ing, etc., J. H. Tuttle, Proprietor, Bigelow Street, between Cabot and Appleton. — New England is the home of the rubber manufacturing interests of the country, and to the enterprise and ability of those engaged in this field of jjroduction must be ascribed the wonderful multiplication of valu- able goods made from that important article of commerce. It was not until 1S79 that Holyoke became represented in this lirancb of industry. In that year the Tuttle Rubber Works, now so widely and favorably known, were established, and the pronounced success of the venture fur- nishes abundant evidence of the advantages and prestige of this city as a centre of trade and man- ufacture. The long practical experience of Mr. J. H. Tuttle, the proprietor, in this particular business has given him a thorough knowledge of its wants and requirements, while his progressive methods and honorable reputation have brought the house into great prominence and given it an influence second to no concern of its character in the coun- try. The premises occupied comprise a two-story brick building, 40x75 feet in dimensions, on Big- elow, between Cabot and Appleton streets. The internal arrangement is as near perfect as it is possible to make it, everything being reduced to the most exact system. The finest machinery is used, and thirty-five skilled hands are given constant employment. The goods made are varied in number and uniform in reliable quality, and include Jenkins & Frink's pump valves, wa.shers, packing, solid rubber sponge and croquet balls, hard and soft rubber pump valves. Nothing inferior is produced, every article coming up to the best standard of excellence and having special points of superiority that commend them strongly to the trade. The business extends to all parts of the United States, and some idea of its volume may be gained from the number of its employees and the amount of its pay-roll. The superinten- dent of the works, Mr. Chas. A. Tuttle, is an able director and thoroughly posted in all the intricate details of the manufacture, and under his efficient management the prosperity of the establishment has been steadily advanced. We snbmit the house to our readers as one in every way worthy of their patronage and confidence. W. B. Miles, Photographic Artist, No. 151 High Street. — This is one of the popular photo- graphic establishmeuts of Holyoke. The propri- etor, Mr. W. B. Miles, is a native of New York city and has had twenty-seven years experience at his profession and opened his present gallery in January, IHS'3. The pictures produced by him are in every sense first class, and in pose, style, likeness and natural appearance are not surpassed by any in his line. Mr. Miles occupies the entire second floor, which is divided into a recep- tion room and office, gallery and operating room. The place is handsomely and tastefully furni.shed and is equipped with all the modern improved appliances of the art. Here he gives employment to two assistants. He furnishes first-class imper- ials for })6 per dozen, or $4 per half dozen. Noth- ing but the most finished, superior work is allowed to leave his place, and persons desiring truthful, artistic portraits cotild not do better than patron- ize this reliable establishment. Callanan & Donogliue, Dealers in Gro- ceries, Teas, Coft'ees, Spices, etc.. The City Gro- cery, No. 203 High Street. — Among the luost reputable firms engaged in the grocery trade in this city is that of Messrs. Callanan & Douoghue, of the City Grocery. This concern was founded in the Spring of 1883, and from its inception to the present it has been accorded a patronage both extensive and influential. The co-partners are Messrs. J. J. Callanan and R. P. Douoghue. The former is a native of Ireland and the latter wa.s born in Holyoke. Their store has a frontage of 25 feet and a depth of 80 feet, with a room in the rear for the storage of surplus stock. The stock is always large and complete, and includes every kind of groceries knowu to the trade. A specialty is made of teas, cofl'ees and spices, and the stock also includes a large assortment of fruits, nuts, confectionery, canned goods, bread, etc. The fac- ilities of the house for supplying this class of merchandise either at wholesale or retail are of the most ample and complete character. All orders are proimptly filled at the lowest market prices, and goods are delivered free to any jjart of the city. The exigencies of the business require the constant employment of three assistants. Cooletlge & Co., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Remnants of all Kinds of Cotton Goods. — One of the most popular establishments in this city is that conducted by Messrs. Cooledge & Co., at No. HI Dwight street, also a branch store at 137 State street, Springfield. The proprietor of this house, Mr. E. R. Cooledge is a native of Lowell and founded his present business in Holyoke in 1876, first starting in the Hampden Mills cloth room. He has been at his present address since 1882. Here he occupies a fine store, 100x25 feet in dimen- sions, and fitted up in first-cla.ss style. Mr. Cool- edge is carrying on a splendid bu.siness as a whole- sale and retail dealer in remnants of all kiuds of cotton goods. He carries a very large and desirable stock of goods, embracing everything fashionable and in style, all of which are offered at astonish- ingly low prices. Every variety of muslins, prints, woolens and dress goods, sheetings, etc., may be had here at the lowest prices. Four clerks are employed in the establishment. The store is the only one in Holyoke engaged in this line of trade and is deservedly popular. C. T. Fay, Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, No. 39 Dwight Street, Under Windsor Hotel.— Mr. C. T. Fay established himself in business in 1880 at the above address, and he brought to the enter- prise a very extended experience. He is a native of Reading, Vt., and for many years has rtsichd in Holyoke. His store is 25x100 feet in dimen- sions, is very tastefully fitted up, and eomiiletcly stocked with a large assortment of boots atid shoes in all sizes, shapes and quality, and adapted for both sexes. A specialty is made of the finest grade of boots and shoes, and the stock is liber- ally interspersed ployed and the greatest care taken to insure accuracy. All goods purchased from this establishment may be depended upon to be as represented, and a more desirable drug store at which to deal can not be found. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 257 John Gaylord, Dealer in Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, Maiu Street. — A prominent house en- gaged in this branch of trade is tlie old reliable and well known establishment of Mr. John Gaylord, at his old stand on Main street, which he has occupied for two-score years. The business was originally established by him in 1837, and has attained a very enviable reputation for the excellent character of its goods, and the liberal and straightforward manner in which the business is conducted. The premises occupied comprise a store, with workshop in the rear. The store is very handsomely fitted up in oak, with elegant fixtures. The stock consists of a carefully selected assortment of all styles and grades of fine, medium and heavy goods in mens', boys' and youths' calf, kid and grain but- ton, lace and congress, also light and heavy boots, ladle's, misses' and childrens' fine kid, goat, glove and grain, from the strong and heavy walking boot to the dainty slipper. He is also the agent for the celebrated U. S. A. children's and misses' grain goods, and keeps constantly on hand a complete assortment of rubber goods, boots, sandals, arctics, etc. These goods are all of the best quality, made in the best style of workmanship and of the latest and most elegant, fashionable patterns. Repairing of all kinds re- ceives prompt and special attention. Mr, Gaylord is a native of South Hadley. Li. O. L'Esperance, Dmggist, Corner Main and Bridge Streets. — A pharmacy conducted by an experienced and skilful chemist is that of Mr. L. O. L'Esperance, generally known as the Comer Drug Store, which was but recently estab- lished — in April, 1886. The store is large and handsomely fitted up in cherry wood and thor- oughly equipped with silver-mounted show-cases, and a very elaborately constructed soda-water fountain. The stock is large and selected with the greatest care, embracing pure and fresh drugs and chemicals, proprietary medicines of well- known merit and reputation, toilet and fancy articles, perfumery, druggists' sundries, mineral waters of foreign and domestic production, etc. Mr. L'Esperance is a thoroughly educated druggist, having graduated from the Boston Col- lege of Pharmacy, and gives his personal attention to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes, which is always performed in a prompt, accurate and satisfactory manner from pure fresh drugs. Mr. L'Esperance is a native of New York State. Carey & Glimz, Dealers in Beef, Pork, Lard, Hams, Tripe, Oysters and Vegetables. — Like all business centres South Hadley Falls has a number of houses devoted to the sale of meats and provisions, and among them that conducted by Messrs. Carey &Glunz is a leading and prominent one. The busine.ss was established here in 18.56 by Mr. Joseph Bardwell, who was succeeded by Messrs. Bardwell & Suhanek, and the latter by Suhanek & Carey. In January, 1885, Messrs. Carey & Glunz became the proprietors. Both these gentlemen, Harvey Carey and Rudolph Glunz, are natives of Massachusetts, the former having been born at Infield, the latter in this town. They occupy a finely fitted up store, 60x2-5 feet in extent, the fixtures being of oak, the coun- ters of marble. The firm are extensive retail dealers in beef, pork, lard, hams, tripe, oysters and vegetables, and enjoy a large local trade. Two active clerks assist in giving attention to the numerous customers. Messrs. Carey & Glunz are very popular, careful, liberal, yet conserva- tive business men. Joseph Allen, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, Cor. Main and Bridge Streets. — Mr. Allen inaugurated his busi- ness in June, 1885, and has since practically dem- onstrated his ability as a business manager. His store is 50x25 feet in dimensions and is excel- lently fitted up and furnished, being provided with every facility and convenience for the accommodation of a large trade. Mr. Allen's thorough experience in the boot and shoe business has enabled him to select a stock that is unex- celled by any house in the town, and that has attracted to him much of the best class of trade. It embraces a full variety of ladies', children's and infants' shoes, together with gentlemen's and boys' heavy and fine boots and shoes, and a com- plete assortment of rubbers of all sizes for both sexes. Orders are received for first-class custom- work and a specialty is made of fine repairing. Boarding and Livery Stable, South Main Street, H. Hatfield, Proprietor. — The lead- ing livery stables of South Hadley Falls are those conducted by Mr. Hatfield, who is one of the oldest business men and most prominent members of this community. Mr. Hatfield is a native of Granby, Mass., born in 1822, and has been a resident of South Hadley Falls for fifty- seven years. He established his livery business in August 15, 1856. His stables are excellent in their appointment, and are always kept in clean and first-class condition. He has ample accom- modations for taking care of seventeen horses and a dozen carriages. He possesses ten desira- ble driving horses, ten light wagons and three hacks, which he lets out at very reasonable rates. Six hands are employed. Horses are boarded by the day, week or month at the lowest rates. Mr. Hatfield, having been in the livery business for so many years, understands the handling of horses thoroughly. J. H. Preston, Painter, Grainer and Paper Hanger, Dealer in Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Win- dow Glass and Paper Hangings; Shop, Front Street. — For thirty-one years Mr. J. H. Preston has been carrying on bu.siness in this town. He was born at South Hadley, and has nearly all his life time resided at the Falls. His store is 40x25 feet in dimensions. It is filled with a first-class stock of paper hangings, paints, oils, varnishes, window glass, etc. Mr. I'reston employs from four to twelve workmen, as the exigencies of his trade may demand, and executes all kinds of painting, graining iind paper hanging work in first-class style, while his prices are at all times moderate. His stock of wall paper contains a variety of the newest and most popular designs, from which an excellent selection can be made. Mr. Preston has a large trade and his services are in steady demand by these desiring first-class painting done, or graining or paper hanging per- lormed in a satisfactory manner. TOWN OF CHICOPEE. The site now covered by the flourishing town of Chicopee was first cultivated as far back as the year 1640, aud a settlement seems to have been made in 1660. But this settlement was broken up by the Indians, and its people took refuge with the Springfield colony. The first house was built on the north side of what is now Ferry street, at its junction with West street. In 1750, a fifth parish of Springfield was created and named Chicopee, but it was not till almost a century afterwards — 1848 — that it was incorporated as a town. It is situated in Hampden county, on the east bank of the Connecticut, and is the northwestern town of that section of the county east of that river. The Chicopee river fiows throueh it in a westerly direction, having a fall of seventy feet within the town limits, a splendid power that is utilized to its fullest extent in the running of the mills and factories that loom up along its course through Chicopee and Chicopee Falls. Chicopee proper covers the slopes and flats on the south side of its river namesake, near its month. It is four miles north from Springfield, at the junction of the Connecticut River Railroad with the Chicopee Falls Branch. The town is an essential factor in the manufacturing system of this portion of New England and from its earliest history has been noted for its activity in this branch of indus- try. In 1787 a blast furnace was erected for the manufacture of hollow iron ware, the iron ore being found in its immediate vicinity. A paper mill went up in 1806, and was operated fifteen or sixteen years, the paper being made by hand. Three or four years later we find a small mill where the carding and spinning of cotton was carried on, the conversion of whose production into cloth by hand looms gave employment to many families, the cloth selling for thirty three to forty-two cents per yard. These were the modest beginnings and promise of some of the largest and widest known manufacturing enterprises in the country, which, among many minor articles, are now engaged in producing cotton goods in immense amount and great variety, general machinery, bronze statuary, tricycles, sewing machines, swords and belts, cutlery, locks, etc. The people of Chicopee take great pride in their public schools, and have reason to. There are nine schools, whose system of instruction is careful and thorough, the schools themselves being admir- ably well housed in every respect. These comprise : The high, grammar, intermediate and pri- mary, two primary, intermediale,WiIliamasett, ungraded and St. Joseph parochial schools. All these with the exception of the latter, are carried on under the supervision of a school committee of six gentlemen, the following named being the incumbents for the present year : Loranus E. Hitchcock, chairman ; Marshall Pease, Michael J. Sullivan, .Tames H. Loomis, Frank P. Cobb, F. X. Deroyn, M. D. The services of this committee are supplemented by a school superintendent, R. Hamilton Per- kins, and two truant officers. Quite as much pride is taken, also, in the free town library, whose cheerful and convenient rooms in the town hall are a fiivorite haunt for a large proportion of the young people and their elders. More than eight thousand volumes are here shelved and catalogued for their benefit, while the tables are liberally supplied with the standard periodical publications of the day. Seven churches of various denominations throw open their hospitable doors for worship. The oldest is the First Congregational Society, originally organized as the Second Church of Springfield; besides this there are the Third Congregational, Centra] Baptist, Central Methodist, Episeopal,Unitarian, Church of the Holy Name of Jesus, and Church of the Assumption (French.) Bythewill of the late Mrs. Dorcas Chapin, of Springfield, the Unitarian Society is the recipient of the sum of $5,000. The Grand Army of the Republic is represented by Otis Chapman Post, and Free-masonry and Odd- fellowship by lodges. Two banks meet the financial requirements of manufacturers and merchants and that large number of persons who make it a point to spend less than they earn. The First National Bank has a capital of $150,000 and a surplus of $65,000, while the Chicopee Savings Bank depositors number nearly or quite 1600, who are credited with something like $500,000. Ample provision exists for the subjection of fire. The Chicopee central fire district is in the 25S LEADING MANUFACTUBEBS AND MEBCHANTS. 259 hands of a chief engineer, four assistants, a treasurer, clerk and a prudential committee of three citizens. One hundred and eight men comprise the present force, and the apparatus consists of one steam fire engine, a hose carriage, three hose carts and other suitable accessories. Water for this and other purposes is supplied by the Chicopee Water Company's works. Ten reservoirs are located in different parts of the district, and thirty-four hydrants, and every section of the town is traversed by water mains. Chicopee is well lighted by gas, provided by an incorporated company with a capital of $30,000 Seventy public lamps are distributed over the town. All the stock in this corporation is owned by. the Dwight and the Ames Manufacturing Companies. The annual town meeting is held on the first Monday in April and the officers elected are qualified and sworn in usually on the Monday next following. Annexed is a list of the principal members of the goverment for the current year: Selectmen : Emerson Gay lord, chairman; George W. Gibson, Nelson Whittier, L. J. Gibbs, M. D., Morris R. Wood. Town clerk and treasurer, John D. White. Police department— justice, Loranus E. Hitchcock; special justices, S. G. Southworth, Luther White ; policemen, John E. Conner, chief, and five patrolmen. Chicopee is irregularly laid out, but no whit less attractive on that account. In these days of right-angled streets it is delightful to come upon a town here and there that is innocent of them, pro- vided, of course, the people who traverse them are earnest, active and thoroughly awake, as the inhab- itants of this town most certainly are. There is an air of thrift and comfort everywhere, no lack of handsome residences, nor of business blocks that look like business and mean what they look like. The town hall, churches, sohoolhouses, three hotels, etc., aside, the following business blocks are noticeable: Dwight Corporation, Bullen, Exchange, Granfield, Kendall, Kendall & Goodwin, Kent, Leavitt, Shaw, Temple, Union, Wedge, Wells Opera House and White block. The present popula- tion of Chicopee is about 5,000. S. A. Jacobs, Dealer in Foreign and Domestic Fruits, Confectionery and Fancy Goods, No. 32 Exchange Street. — The house of Mr. S. A. Jacobs is a prominent one in the foreign and domestic fruit and confectionery trade. Mr. Jacobs is a native of Exeter, Me., and has been a resident of Chicopee since 1842. He founded his present business in 1855, and the premises are located on the corner of Exchange street and Miller street. The store has an area of 25x50 feet, is very handsomely fitted up, and is heavily stocked with a fine assortment of foreign and domestic goods. The stock includes a fine line of domestic and for- eign fruits, nuts, confectionery and fancy goods of every description. Mr. Jacobs' trade lies all over the city, and he also ships largely to the surrounding country. He has a wide connec- tion throughout the fruit regions, where he has a high reputation as a merchant of thorough reliability and enterprise. Under his wise management the business of his house is still further developing. Chas. Burtou, Stone Merchant and Contrac- tor for all kinds of Building and Monumental Work in Granite, Freestone and Marble. Works and Yard near Junction Depot. — Mr. Chas. Burton is the representative stone mer- chant and contractor for building and monu- mental work in granite, freestone and marble, in Chicopee, and controls the only business of the kind in this section. He has been established here since 1878, and has built up a prosperous business, his trade extending to all parts of the United States. Mr. Burton owns two fine quar- ries at East Longmeadow, which he opened in March, 1885. These quarries cover an area of fifteen acres and from them is produced the finest quality freestone, twenty-two hands being engaged in the work. Mr. Burton employs fifty-three hands In all. His works and yard are located near the Junction Depot in this city, taking up a space of two hundred and fifty feet square, part of which is covered with sheds. Every department of the business, from the quarrying to the final polishing into the finest quality of hammered, polished, or carved work, is done, All kinds of building stone and ornamental work in granite, freestone or marble are furnished by Mr. Burton, who has facilities for shipping promptly the largest orders. He has supplied the stone for many well known buildings, among them being the United Bank of Bridgeport, Conn. ; the Northampton (Mass.) Courthouse ; the Clapp Memorial Library, at Belchertown, Mass. ; the Seaside Institute for Women, at Bridgeport, Conn.; the Scientific and Music Hall of Smith's College, Northampton ; Williams College at North Adams, Mass.; the Brookes Library at Brattleboro, Vermont ; etc., etc. Mr. Burton, who is a native of England, has resided in the United States for fifteen years. H. C. Morse, Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps, and Gents' Furnishings, No. 20 Exchange Street.— Mr. H. C. Morse is a well-known dealer in boots and shoes, hats, caps and gentlemen's furnish- ings, at No. 20 Exchange street. The trade ol' this house was inaugurated in 1881 by Mr. George L. Jenks, who was succeeded in Febru- ary, 1885, by Mr. H. C. Morse. This gentle- man is a native of Massachusetts, and is an experienced business man. His store is large and has ample room for the display of a first-class stock and is filled with an immense stock of stylish and superior boots and shoes, hats and caps, and gentlemen's furnishings of all kinds. ?60 TOWN OF CUICOPEE. Sam'l Blaisdell, Jr., & Co., Dealers iu Cottou and Wool, opposite Junction Depot. — The advantages possessed by C'hicopee as a manu- facturing centre for woolen and cotton goods have long been recognized as of the greatest im- portance, an 1 have resulted in the establishment of a trade that is equaled in amount of value by few cities of a similar population in the United States. Among the representative and progressive firms of Massachusetts engaged in supplying manufacturers with cotton and wool is that of Messrs. Samuel Blaisdell, Jr,& Co. .whose office and warehouse are located in Chicopee, exactly oppos- ite the Junction Depot. This business was established in 1869 by Messrs. Mattoom & Blais- dell, who conducted it till 1872, when on the retire- ment of Mr. Mattoom the present firm was organ- ized under the style and title of Samuel Blaisdell, ■Jr., & Co. The individual members of this copart- nership are Messrs. Samuel, C. M., and G. A. Blaisdell, all of whom are excellent judges of cotton and wool, and are likewise fully conversant with every detail of the business and the requirements of manufacturers. They make a speciality of cream cotton, especially selected for fine hosiery goods, and fine long stapled cotton for mixing with wool. Cotton is .shipped direct from Southern points to mills when desired, while it is the ear- nest desire of the partners to merit by the strict principles of equity a continuance of the liberal and influential support already accorded. Messrs. Samuel Blaisdell, Jr., & Co.are represented inNorfolk,Va.,by Bassett, Nash&Co.; Raleigh, N. C, by Parker & Avera; Charleston, S. C, by J. L. Witsell ; Augusta, Ga., by J. P. Doughty ; New Orleans, bv Skinner Brothers; Memphis, Tcnn., byWm. Frohlich & Co.; Rome, Ga., by H. H. Smith. They possess ample facilities and con- nections for conducting all operations under the most favorable auspices. The firm has offices and warehouses in Cohoes and Amsterdam, N. Y., also in Boston, Mass. Messrs. Samuel, C. M. and G. A. Blaisdell are all natives of Great Falls, N. H. They are highly regarded in commercial life for their sound business principles and integrity, and fully deserve the confidence reposed in them by our leading manufacturers of hosiery and woolens. The Gaylord Company, Manufacturers of Military and Society Swords, Brass and Com- position Castings. — This prominent and honorable concern was first founded in 1885 by Messrs. Gaylord & Chapin, and conducted thus until May, 1886, when the industry was incorporated under the name of the Gaylord Company, with a capital of $25,000. The members of the com- pany are : President, Emerson Gaylord ; treas- urer, A. F. Gaylord; secretary, James L. Pease. All three are natives of Chicopee and are citi- zens of sterling character and reputation. The company are general manufacturers of military and society swcrds, brass and composition cas- tings. The brass foundry is located at the corner of Summer and Cross streets, and is a one-story hrick structure 50x25 feet in size. The office and manufactory is on Chapman street and is a substantial three-story building and basement having a front measurement of 35 feet, with a depth of 100 feet. The works are furnished with all the necessary mechanical appliances, operated by steam power, supplied by a fifty-horse power engine and boiler, and possess every facility and convenience for the successful prosecution of the business. A force of twenty skilled workmen are employed and the work turned out is of a very superior nature. The trade of the house extends to all parts of the United States and is rapidly growing, as the extra fine quality of the goods become known. Military parties, secret societies or others using swords, will do well to inspect the goods manufactured by the Gaylord Company and become convinced of their merit. The members of the fiim are men of standing, reliability and influence, and possess the con- fidence of the trade to whom they so success- fully cater. Warren Smith, Drugs, Medicines and Chem- icals, No. 9 Exchange Street. — This well-known gentleman is a native of Connecticut, and has been established in his present business in Chic- opee since 1864. His store is 70x25 feet in size, and the establishment throughout is a model of completeness. The floor is tastefully laid with marble blocks, with red and white slate blocks inlaid, the counters support handsome show cases and an elegant soda-water fountain, the shelfware is attractive, and altogether the appointments of the place are excellent. The stock carried includes everything desirable in pure and reliable drugs, chemicals, and standard medicines, soaps, brushes, perfumes, fancy and toilet articles, and druggists' sundries of all kinds, embracing every late and popular novelty In this line of goods. Mr. Smith employs two skilled assistants and pays particu- lar attention to the preparations of physicians' prescriptions. He is a skilful pharmacist, hav- ing had years of valuable experience in the pro- fei-sion. Frank Ludwig, Portrait, Crayon, Water- Color, India Ink Studio, Exchange Street. — Chicopee is not without a first-class photographic gallery, such an enterprise having been estab- lished here in 1872 by Mr. Frank Ludwig, who is a native of New York city. His gallery is fitted up in a capital manner, and provided with all the paraphernalia of modern improved photog- raphy. Mr.Ludwigexecutesevery. style of picture, from the smallest tintype to the finest card and imperial cabinet portraits. He can give his patrons pictures of any desired style, which when finished are gems of perfection and beauty in photographic art. He also executes in crayon, water-colors and India ink, copies, enlarges and restores old and faded pictures, photographs, interior and exterior views of public and private building, also machinery, drawings, horses, cattle, and performs all kinds of outdoor work at short notice. Mr. Ludwig is also interested in another business enterprise, owning a large dry-goods and millinery business. His store is a large, handsomely furnished place, covering an area of 80x25 feet. It is completely filled with a large and superior assortment of dry and fancy goods, millinery, notions, etc., all of first- c'ass quality. This business is in charge of Mr. Ludwig's wife, a lady possessed of capital business qualifications. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 261 Noyes Mardeii, Watchmaker and Jeweler, Dealer in American and Swiss Watches, Jewelry, Solid Silver and Plated Ware, Clocks, Spectacles etc.. Exchange Street. — One of the finest and most attractive jewelry establishments in the city is that named in the caption of this article. It is very eligibly located, is commodious, elegant in its fittings and furnishings, and admirably lighted and arranged. The stock is large, well selected and of a thoroughly reliable description. The business was founded in 1879, and Mr. Marden is a practical watchmaker and jeweler of extended experience. He carries a fine assort- ment of Elgin, Waltham and Hampden watches in gold and silver, and also of Swiss watches ; watch movements of all makes ; diamonds and other precious stones ; jewelry of the best make and in original and unique designs ; clocks in great variety ; spectacles, etc. There is also a fine display of solid silver and plated ware. A specialty is made of repairing watches and jewelry, and all work undertaken is guaranteed to be of the best possible description. Every- thing new and stylish in the line of jewelry is to be found in this establishment at prices that cannot be excelled elsewhere. Mr. Marden, who is a native of New Hampshire, is a spirited, enterprising merchant and an exemplary citizen. Geo. V. Wheelock, Plain and Fancy Job and Card Printer, Opera House Block. — This is the oldest and the only job printing establishment in the city of Chicopee. The business was orig- inally founded in 1848, by a Mr. Stoever, who was succeeded respectively by D. V. Potts, Brown & Havens, Havens & Wheelock, and, in 1862, by Mr. Geo. V. Wheelock, who has since con- tinued as proprietor and manager of the busines. The business is carried on in the Opera House Block, the press room and composing rooms cov- ering an area of 50x25 feet in size, and the bus- iness olBce 25x25 feet. The office is equipped with three jobbing presses, which are operated with water power. There is also a full and com- plete assortment of modern type, and there is every provision and appliance for executing every description of job aud card printing in the highest class of workmanship. All orders are given the promptest attention and are exe- cuted at the most reasonable rates. Mr. Wheel- ock is a native of Amherst, Mass., and is a thor- oughly practical and accomplished printer. William E. Wheeler, Hack, Livery and Boarding Stable, 38 Centre Street. — One of the best known business men of Chicopee is Mr. William E. Wheeler. For the past twenty years he has been conducting successfully one of the best equipped and prosperous livery and hoarding stables in the city. The stables form a one story frame building, 50x100 feet in dimensions, and this is perfectly drained anrl admirably ventilated. There is accom- modation for twenty horses and an equal num- ber of carriages. Mr. Wheeler runs sixteen horses, coaches, buggies, light wagons, etc., in the livery department of his business, and he makes a specialty of supplying carriages, with competent and experienced drivers, for weddings, iunerals, parties, etc. He also takes horses to board by the day, week, or month, and every attention is given them by experienced grooms. Teaming and jobbing work of all kinds are promptly attended to, and contracts for watering the streets are entered into. Mr. Wheeler is also the proprietor of and dealer in the celebrated Chicopee core sand, in which he does a large trade. He is likewise the manager of Wells Opera House and tills the office of deputy sheriff of Hampden county witli credit to himself. He also furnishes all the horses for the Chicopee Fire Department. He is a native of this city, is widely known, and is one of the most popular of Chico- pee's business men and citizens. C. A. Bullens & Co., Groceries, Crock- ery, Fresh and Salt Fish and Oysters, 234 and 238 Exchange Street. — This is one of the oldest established firms in the city, having been founded in 1866 by Mr. C. A. Bullens, the firm becoming C. A. Bullens & Co., in 1874. Since its inauguration a liberal patronage has been enjoyed, being engendered and constantly increased through the liberal, honorable business methods employed by the establishment. The premises occupied consist of three stores. The largest of these, 90x25 feet in dimensions, is attractively fitted up and contains a large stock of groceries of all kinds, also fresh and salt fish of every description, and oysters in their season. The second store, 25xG0 feet in size, is filled with crockery, glass and chinaware of every variety. The third store, 60x25 feet in area, is used as a store room and contains a large amount of extra stock. The firm employ six assistants and five delivery wagons and promptly fill all orders. The standard quality of the goods and the low prices have made this estab- lishment a favorite one in its line of trade. The members of the firm, Messrs. C. A. Bullens and W. G. Bullens, are brothers, and are natives of Massachusetts, the former of Springfield, the latter of Chicopee. Ferry & Wliite, Fire Insurance Agents, Office, Opera House Block. — The leading repre- sentatives in Chicopee of fire insurance are Messrs. Ferry & White. This firm was estab- lished in 1873, but for a number of years prev- ious to that date the members of the firm had individually been engaged in the same line of business, aud their joining hands in partnership formed a valuable combination. The members of the house, Messrs. Louis M. Ferry and Luther White, are widely known as able and enterpris- ing bu.siness men. Mr. Ferry was born in Chico- pee when this place was a portion of Springfield and before it received its present name. Mr. White is a native of Granby, Mass., and is by pro- fession an attorney-at law, which profession he still practices in connection with his insurance interests. The firm have two ofiices, connecting, one used for law purposes, the other for insur- ance business. The following reliable and old established companies are represented by this firm : ^tna of Hartford, Phcenix of Hartford, Continfulal, N.Y., Orient, Hartford; Connecticut Fire, Springfield Fire & Marine, Home of Nevr York, FireAssociation, Philadelphia, North British, and others. Policiesinany of these companies aie issued on most favorable terms, and losses are 8ati.sfactorily adjusted and promptly paid. CHICOPEE FALLS. A mile and a half to the east of Chicopee stands the sturdy and active village of Chieopee Falls. Active to some good purpose, too, with its willing and abundant water power, its busy mills and con- tented, thrifty operatives. A corporate part of Chicopee, its early history is identical with and inseparable from that of the town, though it is in many respects a quite distinct and independent settlement. The spot whereon it is located was originally named "Shenungonuck," by the Indians. What a pity it is, by the way, that the longitude of the names usually given by the Indians to the places they inhabited or frequented has prevented their retention and permanent adojjtion. The family of one Burn Van Horn was the first to take up its abode in this immediate locality, somewhere about 1739 or 1740, though it was not till sixty years subsequently that manufactures were commenced, and twenty -five years more had gone before any real growth began or any promise of a future showed itself. The village of Chicopee Falls partakes of the general features of the town. Its streets are irreg- ular, but are kept neat and clean, the sidewalks are of brick and a composite material, and, though most of the residences are of wood, the mills, factories and the principal business structures are of brick. Located on the Chicopee river, twenty-seven feet of its seventy-foot iall in the town are appropriated by the mills of this village, furnishing ample and steady power for their operation; Chicopee takes thirty-six feet and the remaining ten feet are above the village. A branch of the Connecticut River Railroad runs along the left bank of Chicopee river to the falls, terminating at this point, and the town as viewed from the bluffs on the right bank presents a picture of great beauty. Chicopee Falls is a corporate part of Chicopee, one of its three chief business centres, and possesses all those public improvements and conveniences necessary to a modern New England community. It has its own ^et of public schools, four in number ; high, grammar, Springfield street, and the pri- mary and intermediate, whose general interests are directed and guarded by the Chicopee school com- mittee. In addition to these St. Patrick's parochial school should be mentioned. Its religious con- nections are also distinct, and are represented by the Second Congregational, Methodist Episcopal, First Baptist and St. Patrick's Churches. The principal secret and beneficial societies consist in two Masonic lodges, a Father Mathew Total Abstinence Society and the Conference of St. Vincent de Paul. The Victor Wheel Club is an association of bicyclists. Chicopee Falls Savings Bank was chartered in 1875 and is a remarkably well patronized institu- tion, its deposits amounting to nearly $'.200,000. This village thrives by and derives its importance from its manufactures, which are of a var- ious character and in a generally prosperous condition. Cotton goods are very extensively manufac- tured and also agricultural implements, while firearms, machinists' tools and knitting machiues are prominent among other productions. The most conspicuous business blocks are the Chicopee Falls, Hubbard, Lucas, Munn, Rumrill and Wallace blocks. The village is efficiently policed, well lighted, provided with excellent water, and its sanitary arrangements and condition are superior. The present population is in the vicinity of 4,000. 262 LEADING MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS. 263 Tlie Lamb Knitting Machine Manu- facturing' Co., Manufacturers of Lamb's Patent Knitting Machines, F. W. Carter, Presi- dent; T. C. Page, Treasurer. — Prominent among the representative houses iu Massachusetts actively engaged in the production of knitting machines is the famous Lamb Knitting Machine Manufacturing Company of Chicopee Falls, which has gained an enviable reputation for the unrivalled utility and excellence of its splen- did knitting machines. This company was duly incorporated in 1867 with a paid-up capital of $-200,000. The following gentlemen are the ofiacers and selling agents, viz: F. W. Carter, )iresident; T. C. Page, treasurer; selling agents, S. B. Curtis, 673 Washington street, Boston; Jas. Greenwood, 916 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa., J. E. Woodhead, 171 West Washington street Chi- cago; Geo. Miller, 153 West 8th street, Cincinnati, Ohio. The works at Chicopee Falls cover an area of two acres and are fully equipped with the latest improved machinery and appliances necessary for the prosecution of the manufactur- ers. The machinery is driven by steam and water power, while 150 experienced workmen are employed in the various departments. The widely known and superb Lamb knitting machine, which has revolutionized the art of knitting, is constructed upon the novel and sim- ple principle of employing two straight parallel rows of needles, sufficiently near to each other to connect the two rows of knitting at either end, but far enough apart to allow the fabric to pass down between them, as it is knitted. The needle is automatic or self-knitting, its principle being such that when fed with yarn, and moved forward or backward, it forms the stitch by its own action. It is the only machine by which any size of work both tubular and flat, and either single, double or ribbed, can be produced, narrowed or widened. Though it combines greater capacity and speed than any other knittiug machine, yet it is the simplest, most reliable and easiest to learn. It knits hosiery, gloves and mittens of all size.^, shaping and completing them in a superior manner. It makes the following garments : Shawls, break- fast capes, hoods and muffs, nubias, sacks, under- sleeves, scarls, girls' and boys' suits, undershirts, cardigan jackets, drawers, cradle blankets, car- riage afghans, sa.shes, wristlets, leggings, smoking and skating caps, snow shoes, suspenders, purses, petticoats, infants' shirts, counterpanes, tidies, watch and curtain cords, mats, etc. It also pro- duces the most elegant trimmings for all its own articles, such as plain ruffle, double ruffle, collars, borders, fringes, etc. This company are also the manufacturers of the Tuttle knitting machine, which is likewise an invention of rare merit. The instruction book issued by the company con- tains a table of sizes for hosiery, mittens and gloves, giving the exact number of needles to be set up, the number to widen and the number of rounds to knit for each size. The rules for the making of shawls, shirts, drawers, etc. , are equally simple and explicit. For factory use or continuous man- ufacturing at high speed, the steel bed machines are superior to the iron ones, being stronger, more durable and not liable to be broken. The Lamb machines have gained a world-wide fame, and are now sold extensively all over the United States and Canada, Europe, South America, India, Mexico and Australia. Messrs. Carter and Page, the officers, are skilful exponents in this line of industry, and their famous Lamb knitting machines may very justly be classed among the notable productions of Ajnerican genius and enterprise. G. M. & F. H. Morton, Livery, Feeding, and Sale Stables, also Dealers in all kinds of ' Domestic Coals, Rear of Wilde's Hotel. — The old- est and best kuown livery, feeding, and sale stables in Chicopee Falls is that conducted by Messrs. George M. Morton & F. H. Morton. This enter- prise was established in 1846 by Mr. Morris Mor- ton, who, upon his death in 1870, was succeeded by his sons, the present proprietors. The stable is a commodious two-story building, 100x.50 feet in dimensions, and is fitted up in a first-class manner. It possesses ample facilities for accommodating forty-five horses and fifty carriages. AVhen necessary the firm have facilities for taking care of two hundred horses and have taken charge of the horses attached to circus com- panies that have visited this place for a night or two. Horses are boarded by the day, week, or month on the most reasonable terms and have the best of care from first class grooms. Horses are kept for sale or exchange and a large number of stylish horses for saddle or driv- ing purposes, also coaches and light carriages,which they let at reasonable rates. The Messrs. Morton , in addition to their stable liusiness, also carry on a large trade as dealers in all kinds of domestic coal and wood, selling about two thousand tons of coal yearly to the residents of I his vicinity. They keep on hand all sorts of white and red ash coal in all sizes. The Messrs. Morton are natives of Chicopee. Mr. F. H. Morton has been deputy sheriff of Hampden county for fifteen years, and has proved himself a worthy and capable official. George M. Morton is also a prominent trustee of the Chicopee Falls Saving Bank and one of the financial com ■ mittee. Ezekiel Blake, Manufacturer of Latch Needles. — Among the numerous latch needles used in the United States none have given the satisfaction or gained such a reputation as the celebrated specialties manufactured by Mr. Ezekiel Blake. These are the best latch needles manufactured in America or elsewhere and wherever once used are certain to be preferred again, above all others, owning to their unrival- led quality, finish and excellence. This business was established by Mr. Blake in 1884, since which date he has built up an extensive pat- ronage in all sections of the country. His works are very commodious and are equipped with all modem machinery and appliances. Thirty exper- ienced workmen are emjiloyed, who turn out 7000 needles daily. Mr. Blake's father was con- nected for twenty-six years with the Chicopee Manufacturing Company, and died in 1872. He was the resident outside agent of the company, and was greatly esteemed by the officers for his fidelity, prudence and integrity, who erected a handsome monument to his memory. Mr. Ezekiel Blake, the proprietor, was born at Chicopee Falls, where he has made hosts of friends, owing to his unswerving honor, integrity and thorough enterprise. 204 CHTCOPEE FALLS?. Chicopee Manufacturing Company, Manul'aclurers of Cotton Bladkets, Sbiitiiijjs and Sheetings, Brown and Bleached etc. T. B. Wattles, Agent. — The rapid advancement in the manufac- turing arts, which ^ so greatly distinguishes our American industries, is a subject of in- teresting study. In almost every department of textile manufacture do our people excel, and the products of our looms stand unrivalled in the markets of the world. This statement is particu- larly true of the cotton industry, which at the present time is one of the most prosperous in the United States. In connection with these remarks, special attention is directed to the representative and progressive Chicopee Manufacturing Company. This business was originally organized and incor- porated in 1822 by Jonathan and Edmund Dwight, with a capital of $500,001) under the style and title of the Boston and Springfield Manufacturing Com- pany. This company continued to carry on busi- ness till 1828, when its name was changed to the Chicipee Manufacturing Company, and after a few years the capital was increased to $1 ,000,000. The present officers of the company are J. H. Sawyer, treasurer ; T. B. Wattles, resident agent. The premises occupied for manufacturing purposes cover an area of ten acres, and include four exten- sive mills and other spacious buildings. These are equipped with all the lat-est improved appli- ances and machinery known to the trade. There are 65,000 spindles and 1,900 looms at present at work, and which will be largely increased in a few months. The Chicopee Manufacturing Company owns the entire water power of the river at the falls, and employs seven large turbine wheels to operate its machinery, and a splendid 500-horse power Harris-Corliss steam engine. Eleven hun- dred operatives are employed in the various mills, and 20,000 bales of cotton are annually consumed. The company manufactures extensively cotton flannels, cotton blankets, shirtings, sheetings, etc., which for quality, finish, durability and general excellence, have no superiors in the American or European markets, and are general favorites wher- ever introduced. The trade of this responsible house extends throughout the United States and Canada, while large quantities of the.se splendid cotton goods are exported to Mexico, the West Indies, South America, India, Australia, and China. The resources of this widely known and popular company have expanded greatly since its establi.shraent, and all orders are promptly tilled with perfect satisfaction to the trade. Mr. T. B. Wattles, the agent, has been connected with the mills for the last eleven years. He is a native of Connecticut, and president of the Chicopee Falls Savings Bank. As a cotton manufacturer Mr. Wattles has no superior, while he has made hosts of friends in commercial and manulacturing cir- cles. Mr, J. H. Sawysr, the treasurer, resides in Boston, being highly esteemed in financial lil'e for his prudence, ability and honorable methods of conducting business. The selling agents of the Chicopee Manufacturing Company are Catlin & Co., 15 Chauncey St., Boslon, and 216 Church St., New York. The growth and prosperity of the company's business present a forcible illustration of the material benefits arising from a national policy that afibrds protection to American indus- tries, resulting in the profitable development of our wonderful resources. Bosworth & Wood, Dealers in Flour, Grain, Feed and Hay, No. -.'S Market Street. — One of the most widely known and esteemed flour and grain houses in the city is that of Messrs. Bosworth & Wood, who conduct a large wholesale and retail business. The gen- tlemen composing the firm are Messrs. J. H. Bos- worth and C. F. Wood, who are active, practical and experienced business men. The business was founded in 1880 by Mr.Wood's lather, Mr. E. Wood, and the present proprietors succeeded to the enterprise in 1884. Mr. Bosworth is a native of Hydeville, Vt., and Mr. C. F. Wood was born atBelcheitown, Mass. Theyhavea well appointed store, 25x60 feet in dimensions, and they carry a large stock of the fittest grades of flour, grain, feed, hay, etc. They do a brisk trade both in the village and the surrounding districts, and their facilities for receiving supplies and furnishing cus- tomers' orders promptly and at the lowest rates are unexcelled, while the firm are reliable in the fulfilment of all their undertakings. P. J. Enriglit, Stoves and Ranges, Plumb- ing, Steam and Gas Fitting, Tin Roofing, General Jobbing, rear ot Wilde's Hotel, on Church Street. — At the rear of Wilde's Hotel, on Church street, is located the house of Mr. P. J. Enright, dealer in stoves and ranges, and a general plumber and gas fitter, etc. Mr. Enright, who is a native ot this city, established his present business in 1884, and has by sheer merit and commendable industry built up a fine local trade. He occupies a fine store and basement each 35x25 feet in dimensions, the basement being utilized as a tin smithing shop. 'Mr. Enright employs three experienced workmen and executes promptly to order plumbing, 6teara and gas fitting, tin roofing and general jobbing, at reasonable rates , guaranteeing all work to be first class. Tin and sheet iron work of all kinds is executed by him. His store is filled with a large stock of superior ranges and stoves, which are oiJered at bargains. Parties establishing bus- iness relations with Mr. Enright will find him a square and upright business man, who always per- forms what he promises. S. W. Knox, Apothecary,Knox's Block Front Street. — For sixteen years Mr. S.W. Knox has con- ducted a first-class drug establishment in this city and has built up a reputation tor fair and square dealing and for the superfine quality of the goods .sold by him. His store covers an area of 50x25 feet, and is handsomely furnished, and made attractive with fine show cates, large show windows, and tasteful sheltware. The stock carried embraces a full assortment of pure, fresh drugs, and chemicals, druggists' sundries, toilet and fancy articles of superior quality. One of the specialties of the house is Knox's ' horehound cough mixture, which is an in- ] valuable remedy for colds and coughs. Partic- ular attention is paid to putting up physicians' prescriptions, the best materials being used, and every percaution taken to prevent error. Mr. Knox is a native of Massachusetts, having been born at Granville. He served in the war of the rebellion, in the 27th Massachusetts Regiment and was severely wounded. He is an accomplished physician and employs competent and active assistants. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 265 B. & J. W. Belcher, Manufacturers of Agricultural Implements. — An historical review of tbe mercantile and manufacturing interests of Chicopee Falls, Mass., would be incomplete without special mention of that old estalj- lished and thoroughly representative bouse of Messrs. B. & J. W. Belcher, which has been identified with the growth and development of Chicopee for the last eighty-five years. This progressive and reliable house was founded orginally in 1801 by Mr. Benjamin Belcher, who conducted it with great success for several years. Eventually, after some changes in the style and title of the firm, in 187.5 Messrs. B. & J. W. Belcher became sole proprietors, and have since by their energy, capacity and enterprise greatly extended the business. The premises occupied are very spacious and convenient, and are equipped with superior machinery and all the latest improved appliances. Eighty experienced opera- tives and mechanics are employed and the machinery is operated by water power. Messrs. B. & J. W. Belcher manufacture extensively and keep constantly on hand all kinds of agricultural implements, including plows, harrows, cultivators, road scrapers, corn-she) lers, hay-cutters, tobacco- ridgers, vegetables cutters. Wheelbarrows and stone-trucks of the latest construction are like- wise instock. These agricultural impleraentsare unsurpassed by those of any other makers in this country or Europe for their lightness, strength, durability, quality and adaptability to the work required of them. Large numbers have been sold all over the country, and numerous testimonials from agriculturists in all parts of the world bear evidence as to the excellence and superiority of these specialties over all competitors. Every possi- ble care is taken in the manufacture of these imple- ments, and the best and latest improvements are at all times adopted by the firm in their produc- tion. The day has gone by when farmers will be satisfied with anything short of the very best. The best materials, workmanship and improve- ments are essential to the best machines, and these are found united in those manufactured by B. & J. W. Belcher. A large export trade in these agricultural implements is now conducted with Canada, Mexico, the West Indies, South America and Europe, which is annually increasing in vol- ume owing to their excellence, superiority and moderate prices. Messrs. B. & J. W. Belcher are both natives of Chicopee, and are highly esteemed by the community for their unswering integrity, ability, and mechanical skill. The career of this reliable firm has been one of steady development and the signal success achieved by it is a just tribute to a business policy founded on the enduring principles of equity. Michel Beaui-egard, Druggist, Union Block, Market St. — An establishment where the high character of the management renders error improbable, and which is a favorite resort in this section for those desiring goods in this line, is that of Mr. Michel Beauregard, which was established in 1877 by Messrs. Proul & Beaudoin. They were succeeded in the first part of the year 1886, by Mr. Michel Beauregard, who is a native of Can- ada and is a skilled pharmaci.st. He is a registered member of the board of pharmacy of the Common- wealth of Massachusetts. His handsomely fur- nished store contains a large and varied assortment of pure and fresh drugs aud reliable patent medi- cines, trusses and surgical appliances, etc. It also has one of the most complete assortments of toilet and fancy articles to be found in the rus.sels Carpets. — A well-known concern en- gaged in the manufacture of carpets is that of the Palmer CarpetCompany. The Com- pany was incorporated in No- vember, 1874, with a capital of $50,0(10. The president of the company is Mr.George Robinson, the treasurer Mr. Walter W. Law, and the su- perintendent Mr. A. Pinney. All these gentlemen have had long ]u'artical experience in theii' line of trade. Theniill premises are commodious,are equipped with twenty-four carpet looms and other ma- chinery, which is operated by a seventy-five-horse power steam engine and boiler, and are provided with all neces- sary conveniences and appli- ances for the successful prose- cution of the business. Sev- enty hands are employed, and about seven hundred yards of carpeting are jiroduced daily. The goods made here are the finest grades of Wilton and Brussels carpets, and a large trade is done with all sections of the country through the company's selling agents, Messrs. W. & J. Sloane, of Broadway, New York. Wrig-ht Wire Cloth Company, Manu- facturers of Power Loom Wire Cl.ith, of Iron, Brass, and Copper. — This company entered upon its career of usefulness in May, I8S(i. The pro- prietor of the enterprise, Mr. (icorge F. Wright, is a native of Massachnsatts, was twenty years with the Clinton Wire Clotli Company, and is an ex- jK'rt at his line of manufacture. His factory is lo- cated on the line of the Boston and Albany rail- road, and is a two-story brick structure 1 1)0x40 feet in dimensions. Steam power is supplied by a twenty-five-horse power engine and boiler, and the factory is fully supplied with the most improved machinery and appliances used in manufacturing woven wire goods. All kinds of goods in this line are made here, including steel sparker, fan mill, and malt kiln floor cloths, twisted nettings, fruit drying cloths, and improved wire lathing. From twenty to twenty-five hands are employed, and a large business is being built up, the company recognizing the whole United States as the field of its trade operations. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 271 Betts Fencing Company, Manufacturers of Wire and Picket Fencing for Kailroads, Farms, etc. — The steady and extensive demand for an improved order of fencing for railroads, parks, farms, etc., that has grown up in tliis country of recent years has, as might be expected, impelled manv men of native genius and enterprise to em- bark in the business of manufacturing a superior ar- ticle iu this line. While it goes without saying that nearly all the fencing thus far placed upon the market possess some feature of merit, it is equally certain also that for general e.xcellence, neatness, elfectiveness, and durability, nothing of the kind yet introduced comes within measurable distance of the products of the Betts Fencing Company, of this town, manufacturers and sole proprietors of patents and territorial rights. These fences are made of wire and pickets and areespccially adapted for the use of railroads, highways, farms, lanes, parks, residences, churches, boundaries, etc., and are, by common consent, the fences par excellence in the country, and can be used for any purpose that a fence can possibly be used for, and for many pur- poses that others cannot. It is the cheapest, strong- est, and most ornamental, and, being portable, and very easy to put up, it makes an excellent corral or fence stockyard and pigpen, and, being dog and wolf proof is, therefore, the best sheep fence in the market. It is also humane, as stock cannot be in- jured by it, and will turn any stock from a pig to a mad bull without hurt to the animal or fence; in short, it is the fence for prairie, woods, swamps, low lands, high lands, villages, city, country seat, sea- shore, in fact, everywhere; wind does not affect it, water cannot wash it away ; it has no enemies and will not he cut down ; it destroys no land, and it is the coming fence. This flourishing enterprise, of which Mr. R. L. Goddard is the able and efficient manager, was started in 1883, and the positive and uniform success that lias attended it from the first abunilantly attests the superiority of the fencing as well as the excellence of the management. The works, wliich are located on Commercial street, are ample and commodious, comprising a two-story brick structure 75x80 feet in dimensions, supplied with steam power and completely equipped in every respect, several expert workmen being em- ployed, and the trade, which is steadily growing, extends all over the United States. Mr. Goddard, who was born in Petersham, Ma-ss., is a gentleman of sterling integrity in his dealings and business relations, and is lagely endowed with the foresight and energy proverbial of the veritable Yankee. Harrison \V. Munger, Merchant Tailor, opposite Antique House. — A house dating its ex- istence back for a period of nearly thirty years is that of Mr. Harrison W. Munger. Mr. Munger is a native of Wales, Mass., and is an old resident of Palmer, His business premises are located on Main street, opposite the Antique House, where he occupies a store 40x2.5 feet in dimensions, and the entire second floor, which is of similar size, and is used a,s a workroom. The store is tilled with a very large, choice stock of well-selected broadcloths, diagonals, worsteds, cassimeres, and vestings of the best foreign and domestic manufacture, which are ottered at very moderate prices. Mr. Munger em- ploys fifteen hands, and the custom garments turned out by him are of the most stylish and perfect tit and of the very best workmanship. F. kF. Marcy, Carpenter and Builder, and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Lumber, .Shingles, etc. — A representative concern and the only one of the kind iu this part of the town is that of Mr. F. F. Marcy, carpenter and builder, and dealer in lumber, etc., and which since its iuception in 1878 has been conducted with continuous and uninter- rupted success. The yards and premises, which are located at the junction of the New London Northern and the Boston and Albany railroads, west of depot, cover a superficial area of two acres of ground (.the plant including planing-mill, saw-mill, storehouse, etc.), are s^jplied with steam power and completely equipped in every respect, and an extensive and carefully selected stock is carried, comprising lum- ber of all kinds (a specialty being made of hand- ling chestnut and oak), shingles, lath, clapboards, doors, frames, windows, blinds, sash, and moldings, the trade, which is both wholesale and retail, ex- tending to all parts of the country within a radius of one hundred miles of this place, possessing, also, excellent transportation facilities. Some twelve to twenty hands are constantly employed, and con- tracts for carpenter work and building are executed in the most expeditious and satisfactory manner, and estimates are promptly furnished, the entire business being under the capable and efficient man- agement of >Ir. H. P. Marcy, who is a native of Holland, Mass. J. B. Shaw, Dry Goods and Groceries, Main Street. — Mr. Shaw founded this business in 1866, and has in these twenty years made himself, as well as his business establishment, popular in this community. The store is a tirst-class place in every respect, being well fitted up and attraciive. The premises are 5Ux25 feet in dimensions, the space occupied being further augmented by the addition of a large storeroom 50x15 feet in size. The store is filled with a complete assortment of first-class groceries of all kinds, which an active and large trade compels Mr. Shaw to turn so often as to se- cure a perpetually fresh condition ; also a general line of dry goods and fancy goods, comprising every- thing sought by ladies, carefully selected, and from the finest to medium grades, is always to be found in stock. Mr. Shaw is a native of Hartford, Mass., has for a long number of years resided in Pal- mer, and is the honored president of the Palmer National Bank. F. D. Barton, Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silverware, and Optical Goods, Main Street. — An enterprising house in Palmer devoted to the jew- elry trade is that of Mr. F. D. Barton, who estab- lished his business here in 1881. His store is a first-class establishment in every respect. The di- mensions of this neatly kept store are 60x25 feet. The place is attractive in its arrangement and is well stocked with a complete and valuable assort- ment of watches, diamonds, clocks, jewelry, silver- ware, and optical goods. Mr. Barton makes a specialty of his repairing department, and is always on the alert to see that he keeps it equipped with all the latest and most improved tools, lathes, and other appliances used for first -cla^s work. Mr. Barton is a native of North Brookfield, Mass., and has had an experience of thirteen years at his business. He enjoys a large and tirst-class local trade. 272 TOWN OF PALMER. O. P. Allen, Druggist, Bookseller, aftd Sta- tioner, No. 7 Tilain Street.— Twenty-seven years ago Mr O r. Allen, a native of Vermont, established himself in business in Palmer. He is an accom- plished and experienced pharmacist. IIis store is large and is provided with every facility and con- '. tlli!?i s^^'t '^^% ij!Hiira» J venience. In size it is 60x25 feet, and is connected with a storeroom at the rear 25x20 feet in size. The store presents an attractive ai^pearance, and is filled with a large stock of pure drugs, chemicals, etc., also a full line of toilet and fancy articles, books and stationery of all kinds. Mr. Allen pays particular attention to the prescription department and fills pliysicians' prescriptions with accuracy and care. lie is proprietor of Dr. Higgins antalgica, a valuable remedial agent, also a number of other well-known compounds. H. P. Longley, Choice Groceries, Teas, Cofiees, Crockery, Glass, Stone, and A\ ooden \\ are, French's Block-, Central Street.— Mr. H. P. Long- ley established himself in business in this town in 1882, in companv with a Mr. Weld, Mr Longlen becoming the sole proprietor of the establishment in May 1 885. Since then he has greatly increased the facilities of his house. He occupies a fine, large store, the dimensions being 60x25 feet, the place being commodious and excellent in its ap- pointments. It contains a very large stock ol choice fancy and staple groceries, teas, cotices, spices, flour, crockery, glass, stone, and wooden ware. The groceries are always fresh and hrst- class in nual it v, as the large trade of the house com- pels the constant receipt of fresh invoices of goods. The prices which rule are remarkable for their cheapness and are so low that it would be difficult to get as fine goods at a duplicate price elsewhere. Mr! Longley is a native of Westboro, Mass., and is a conscientious, active business man. G. I^. Hitchcock, Druggist and Pharma- cist, corner Main and Walnut Streets -For thir- teen venrs the house of G. L. Hitchcock has been one of the most prominent business establishments in this town, and has an established re[)utation for reliahilitv and merit. The proprietor, Mr. li. L. Hitchcock, is a native of Maine. He occupies two stores at the corner of Main and Walnut streets, which are hiree and handsomely lifted up. One is filled with a large stock of stationery, wall paper, paints, and the other with a first-class assortment of drugs, chemicals, toilet and fancy articles, and druggists' sundries, etc. The drug store is pro- vided with handsome show-cases, a fine soda-water fountain, and attractive store fixtures. The pre- scription department is managed with consummate ability and scrupulous care, and confidence in the proprietor and his assistants is always justified. Mr. Hitchcock is a skilled pharmacist, and has had long and valuable experience at the profession. The Palmer National Bank, J. B. Shaw, President; Charles B. Fisk, Cashier, Church Street. — Among the substantial and reliable corporations of Palmer, Massachusetts, to which business men can always look with confidence, is the Palmer National Bank. The Palmer National Bank transacts alegiti- mate banking business with individuals, corpora- tions, bankers, and banks, receiving their accounts uponfavorable terms, and affording thcnr every con- venience and facility. Tliis bank gives special at- tention to collections in all the principal chies of the United States, Canada, and Europe, and remits promptly to patrons. It deals in city. Government, and State bonds, furnishes letters of credit for European travel, and cashes coupons. Its present executive officers are: J. B. Shaw, president; L._E. Moore, vice-president; Charles B. Fisk, cashier. The annexed statement of the Palmer National Bank at the close of business April 1st, 1886, shows its afllurs to be in a flourishing condition : Assets- Loans and discounts, 5;266,232.f5; United States bonds, §150,000 ; other stocks, bonds, etc, $11,914 ; furniture and fixtures, $4,:^00; redemption fund with United States Treasurer, $6,750; premium account, 5;20,OllO; checkbook account, $117; due from other banks, $44,790.96 ; cash, $2 1.633.44; total, $525,737.95. Liabilities— Capital stock, $200,000; surplus fund, $9,000; undivided profits, $4,872.40; circulation, $134,380; dividends unpaid, $4,074; deposits, $168,148.18; due other banks, $5,263.37 ; total, $52-5,737.95. Its officials are noted for their courtesy and promptness in the dispatch of business, thoroughly accommodating to patrons, and very popular with all who are brought into relations with the hank. The directors are all prominent citizens of Palmer and its vicinity, and under their careful management the interests of the Palmer National Bank are attended to in a faithful and honorable manner. Li. E. Ferry, Proprietor Massawanna Livery Stables, Walnut Street.— This new, first-class estab lishment was fitted up under the immediatesuper- vision and direction of the proprietor, and is pro- vided with every accommodation for the care of horses and vehicles. It is furnished with hnrge, well-ventilated box stalls, harness, and carriage rooms, with every essential ^or the care and comfort of teams. Mr. L. E. Ferry opened these stables to the public in April, 1885. The stable is a new two-story building 60x50 feet in dimensions, which is alwavs kept clean and in first-cl.iss order. The stable "has full space for the accommodation of thirty horses and fifteen carriages. Mr. Ferry runs'eight horses and eieht double and single light wagons, etc., and is prepared at all times to furnish stvlish turnouts at reasonable prices. He gives par- ticular attention to boarding horses, either by the day, week, or month, the best of cire and attention being shown to animals placed in his charge. Mr. Ferry is a native of Brimlield, Mass. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 273 Hitchcock & Blanchard, Plumbers, Gas, and Steam Fitters, also Dealers in Stoves, Ranges, and Tinware, Main Street. — The business house of Messrs. Hitchcock & Blanchard was founded here by Mr. W. H. Hitchcock, the tirm becoming Hitchcock & Blanchard in October, 1885. The trade demands the entire use of a store and base- ment, each 50x25 feet in dimensions. The store is filled with a first-class assortment of stoves, ranges, and tin and sheet-iron ware of all kinds. The (quality of their goods are such that they can be re- lied upon as giving satisfaction in every instance. Four hands are employed, and besides manufactur- ing all kinds of tin and sheet-iron ware, the firm also execute slate and gravel roofing in the best style of workmanship. Messrs. Hitchcock & Blanchard are both natives of this State, the former of Pdmer, the latter of Awherst. O. C. Marcy, Livery Stable, rear of Con- verse House. — This gentleman, who was born in Holland, Mass., has been a resident of Palmer for sixteen years. In 1871 he entered into business as a general livery stable keeper, and has met with much success. His stables comprise a two-story frame building, 100x30 feet in dimensions, a one- story building 60x30 feet, and a number of sheds in the stable yard, which is 100.x75 feet in size. The stables are always kept in excellent condition, and have ample accommodation for taking care of forty-six horses and forty carriages. Mr. Marcy owns and has in active use twenty horses, thirteen light wagons, three double wagons, two Concords, and two express wagons. First-class teams are fur- nished, with or without drivers, at reasonable rates. Orders received by mail, telephone, or tele- graph are promptl7 responded to. TOWN OF MONSON. One of the most interesting in itself and its history of the towns and cities in Western Massachu- setts, Monson is also one of the oldest in the State. It was formerly the western half of Brinfield, from LIBRARY — HORATIO XYON MEMORIAL. which it was detached and made a separate district in 1760. What is now Monson seems to have had its origin in a tavern, built by one Kiohard Fellows in 1657 or 1658, to whom the General Court of 274 TOWN OF MONSON. 275 Massachusetts granted two liundred acres of upland and meadows on Chicopee river, rate free, on condition that he would "build a house suitable to entertain travelers, man and beast, with lodg- ing and food, with beer, wine, and strong liquors," within a year, and maintain it for seven. Before the seven years were up, however, the Indians had made things too hot for Mr. Fellows, who reluctantly turned a cold shoulder to the house of entertainment, and was allowed to sell the land. This was situ- ated near the junction of Chicopee brook with Chicopee river, contiguous to the present village of Palmer. Monson, at the time it was made a separate district, had a population of some three hundred and sixty persons, and was given its name by Governor Powual, in honor of the president of the English MEMORIAL HALL. Board of Trade. It was incorporated a town October 20th, 1775. The town was small, but its zeal and patriotism were large and lofty, and its people were among the first to contribute to the general fund for the support of the cause of Independence. This they had done in the preceding April, and the closing portion of the letter accompanying the donation is, very like a woman's postscrijit to her letter, the most significant sentence in it. One scarce knows whether to admire the more its wit or its business 276 TO WN OF MONSON. SOLDIEKS' MONUMENT. ■ense. Thus it runs : " N. B. We have eighty fellows in this district, a great part of whom are disci- plined and excellent marksmen. I dare be bold to say, that at about thirty rods distant they would pick up Tories as fast as so many hawks would pick frogs from a frog-poud." TOWN OF MONSON. 277 In 1820 the town had made marked and permanent progress. Its population had increased to twenty-one hundred and twenty-six, the Congregational church had been early established, the Academy started, the town divided into nine school districts, and schools set in operation. The following year the post-office was opened, with Rufus Klynt as postmaster, a position he continued to hold till his death, fifteen years later. The same patriotic spirit that distinguished the inhabitants of Monson during the Revolution found expression in the late war. Of the one hundred and tifty-five men enrolled in the Union army, twenty-nine were killed in battle or died of disease, and the names of all these gallant men are inscribed upon tablets in Memorial Hall. Monson is situated in Hampden county, seventeen miles east from Springfield, eighty west-south- west from Boston, Palmer being four miles distant. It is on the Kew London Northern railroad, and lies in a narrow valley, through which runs Chicopee creek, whose waters are utilized for the operation of numerous mills and factories that are an important element in the prosperity of the town. It has been justly designated " a typical New England community," and is, indeed, an inviting and pleasant spot as to its surrounding scenery and its general features. THE TOWTTE's block. The highest elevation in the town has been made the site of some of its most noticeable public im- provements. Here is the Monson Academy, founded so early as June 21st, 1804, and which very soon made an honorable name and reputation for itself throughout the valley of the Connecticut. It now has about one hundred students, and its nearly seven thousand graduates include not a few men whose emi- nence and distinction have shed lustre upon the faithful and scholarly teachers and thorough methods of instruction that have made its career marked and memorable. Among them may be mentioned Rev. Dr. Richard S. Storrs, of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Professor Henry L. Barnard, late United States commissioner of education ; Professor W. A. Larned, of Yale College, and Yung Wing, of the Chinese Embassy. In May last the Academy building was burned to the ground, but its site will be presently adorned by a new and modern structure at a cost of some $30,000, raised through the instrumentality of Mr. William N. Flynt, whose public spirit is proverbial. The beautiful Congregational Church, of the first religious society in town, stands near by, the other churches being the Methodist, Episcopal, the Universalist, and the Roman Catholic. Here, too, is the Memorial Horatio Lyon Library building, the gift of Mr. Lyon's daughter, Mrs. Carrie W. Dale. Built of granite, it is in the Romanesque style, was dedicated March 28th, 1882, and has a library of some five thousand volumes, free to the public. On the same eminence is ^Memorial building, the outcome of a citizens' movement toward a Town Hall combined with the Monson Soldiers' 278 TOWN OF MONSON. Memorial Association. It is a striking and elegant piece of architecture. The expense of the building itself was defrayed by tlie town, the ground was donated by 5Ir. R. M. Reynolds, and this gentleman, with his brother, Tlieodore Reynolds, and their late fatlier, Mr. Joseph L. Reynolds, furnished the building at a cost of )ii.5,0U0. It was completed in the fall of 1885. Beneath its roof are the town offices, a splendid audience room for public meetings and other assemblages, and on the second floor the hand- somely appointed rooms of the Marcus Keep Post, G. A. R. On the green, and lifting itself forty-six feet above the sod it consecrates, is the Soldiers' Monument. A graceful shaft, beautiful in its simplicity, it is constnicted of Ryegate granite, is surmounted by the statue of a soldier, the faces of the base above the pedestal being fittingly inscribed. It was the gift of Mr. Cyrus W. Holmes, wlio built it at expense of IJ5,500, and was dedicated July 4th, 1884. In 1883 a picturesque park of great natural beauty, situated just above Main street, and some forty acres in extent, was presented to the public by Mr. W. N. Flynt. These grounds are being further ex- tended and continually improved by this public-spir- ited gentleman, under plans which promise to make it the most attractive public park in the country. Another example of the generous public spirit that characterizes our leading citizens is presently to be added to those that already adorn the town. This will consist in a public drinking fountain of beautiful and artistic design, to be erected at the junction of Main street with that near the Methodist church. It is to be constructed of selected Monson granite, will be the gift of Mr. S. F. Cusliman, and a fitting companion to the Flynt and Ellis fountains in other parts of the town. Manufacturing enterprises of one kind and another were being prosecuted in Monson as early as 1800. Of course, there were sawmills and gristmills before that date, but about this time other ventures were under- taken. It was in the year above mentioned that Asa Gates erected a custom carding mill upon the site now occupied by S. F. Cushman's mill, and Jeremiah Bum- stead was manufacturing bar iron in a modest way from scrap and local bog iron. A very few years further on linseed oil was being produced in conjunction with a sawmill, and in 1808 Roswell Merrick commenced the tanning business. The first really permanent and substantial move- ment in the direction of manufacturing was in 1803, when Asa Gates' carding mill was converted into a two- Bet woolen mill and the Monson Woolen Manufactur- ing Company organized. Horatio Lyon was one of the original incorporators and the leading spirit in the business for half a century. The manufacture of cotton yarn was begun in 1811 by Roswell Merrick, in the " north factory" erected by him, and cotton goods were manufactured by the Hampden Cotton Company, whose personnel was almost identical with that of the Monson Woolen Company, in a mill built for that purpose in 1814. This was made a woolen mill in 1846 for the production of indigo blue or "Reynolds'" satinets. The Hampden Company built a second mill in 1829, which became the property of Messrs. C. W. Holmes & Sons forty years later. Destroyed by fire, the mill site and tenement houses were purchased by Mr. D. W. Ellis in 1872. The late Joseph L. Reynolds put up a mill in 1837 and another in 1859. The latter stood upon the site of the present Rockland Mill. Tlie straw-liat industry was inaugurated here in 1838 by the manufacture of palmleaf hoods by Messrs. Merrick & Fay. In three years it had developed into the making of ladies' Iiats and bonnets. Another factory was established in 1831. Only the sewing is done here by machinery, the hand- CUSHMAN FOUNTAIN. TOWN OF MONSON. 279 woven wheat-straw braids being imported from China, Japan, Rwitzerlr,nd, and Italy, and the Macki- naw braids from the Canadian side of Lake Superior, wliere tliey are made by the Indian squaws. The extensive granite quarry, about a mile to the north of tlie town, and owned and worked by the W. N. Flynt Granite Company, is a conspicuous feature of tliis locality. Asa Moulton seems to have been the first merchant of Mouson, and had a store on Moulton Hill in 1760. Later are found William and Joel Norcross and Bufus Flynt, the first postmaster and the first operator of the granite quarries. Monson has two banks. The Monson Bank was organized October 1st, 1854, with a capital of $1.50,000, its first president being William N. Flynt. It was one of the first in the Western section of the State to reorganize under the national banking act. The Savings Bank was incorporated in 1872, and its deposits at the present time amount to more than §500,000. Beneficial and similar societies are represented liere in the Grand Army Post, a Masonic lodge, the Dayspring, and a lodge of the Ancient Order of Hibernians. The State Primary School, situated near the Palmer line, was establislied in 1863. With its beautiful location, highly intelligent people, excellent schools and churches, general thrift and prosperity, its many valuable public improvements, the ancient town of Monson is to-day younger and stronger than ever, and in every essential regard is abreast with the spirit of the age. Gagre & Reynolds, Manufacturers and Finishers of Straw (ioods. — As a fixctor in the gen- eral aggregate of industrial activity in this country to-day the importance of the straw goods industry can scarcely be overestimated. The enormous amount of capital invested, the thousands to whom the trade afibrds employment, and the varied and vast interests involved, place it at once among the great departments of mercantile and manufacturing pursuits. A representative firm engaged in this line in Monson — and a leading one of the kind here — is that of Gage it Reynolds, manufacturers and finishers of straw goods, whose products are in steady and extensive demand all over the land, owing to their general excellence, the trade, which is exceedingly lieavy, reaching to every section of the United States and Canada. This flourishing enterprise was started in 1881, and from its incep- tion the business has steadily grown and expanded, until now the demand is fully commensurate with the capacity of the establishment. The factory and premises are very capacious (the plant covering a superficial area of several acres, and comprising altogether seven buildings), supplied with ample steam-power, and thoroughly equijiped in every respect, and employment is given to upward of two hundred expert hands. They manufacture and finish straw hats of all kinds for men's, boys', and children's wear, and produce on an average daily over two thousand dozen hats, which find ready market throughout the country, with a very substantial export trade, also, to Canada, etc., the firm being represented in New York by I). W. Deake, their agent, with warerooms at Nos. 616 and 618 Broadway. The copartnership consists of Messrs. A. A. Gage, a native of Connecticut, but an old resident here, and K. M. Reynolds, who was born in this town. They are both men of tremen- dous energy and thoroughly conversant with every department and feature of their business. W. N. Flynt & Son, Wholesale and Retail Merchants, Dealers in Dry and Fancy Goods, Small Wares, Crockery, Groceries, etc., Towne's Block, Main Street. — This ably conducted and prosperous house was established in 1878 by W. N. Flynt & Co., they carrying it on up to the first of the present year, when the style of firm became W. N. Flynt & Son (L. C, Flynt), who have since continued the business with eminent success. They occupy spacious and commodious premises, compris- ing two stores connected, each 35x60 feet in dimen- sions, with basements. The stock includes a full and fine line of dry goods, fancy articles, linens, hosiery, gloves, underclothing, and small wares, also hardware and crockery of all kinds, agricul- tural implements and garden tools, housefurnishing goods, paper hangings, window shades and fixtures, choice family groceries, produce and provisions, tobaccos, cigars and smokers' articles, flour, grain, feed and meal, also akron, and cement, di'ain and sewer pipe, Stockbridge fertilizers, Bowker's phos- phates, fine ground plaster, lime, cement, hair, brick, and building materials. The trade, which is both wholesale and retail, is very extensive, requir- ing the services of seven active and capable assist- ants. A very fine display of goods is made, heavy and superior lines being always carried to meet the large and increasing demands of an extensive trade, and everything about tlie phice indicates method and excellent management. Messrs. Flynt, father and son, are both natives of Monson. Fay, Peck & Co., Manufacturers of Straw Goods. — A record of uninterrupted existence ex- tending over a period of forty-one years marks the history of the widely known concern of Fay, Peck & Co., manufacturers of straw goods, this town, its products being ladies' straw hats and bonnets, which are in steady and extensive de- mand all over the country. Founded in 1845 by Merrick & Fay, who were succeeded by Merrick, Fay, Peck & Co., and which firm name was changed in 1884 to the present style, the business has from the start been conducted with uniform success. The factory is vei-y extensive, the plant comprising three capacious buildings, supplied with heavy steam-power, and thoroughly equipped, and up- ward of three hundred and fifty expert hands are employed, the production being about six thousand hats and bonnets jdaily, the firm of H. Hodges, Son & Co., Nos. 616 and 618 Broadway, New York, being the selling agents. Messrs. Rufus Fay, Fred. Fay, and C. L. Peck, who compose the present copartnership, are all natives of Mon- son, and are among the most prominent citizens and leading business men. 280 TOWN OF MONSON. LEADINC MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 281 W. N. Flynt Granite Company, Whole- sale and Retail Granite Dealers. — One of the chief and most prosperous industries of the goodly town of Monson, and that by which it is most widely known, is the granite quarry carried on by the W. N. Flynt Granite Company. Monson granite is now famous from one end of the countiy to the other, and some of the handsomest buildings in the United States are either built of it or trimmed with it. This quarry is situated about a mile to the north of the town, on the road to Palmer, and the first stone was taken out by the United States Gov- ernment for the Springfield Armory buildings. In 1824 Mr. Rufus Flynt, father of the founder of the present company, commenced to operate it with four or five men, and in 1839 it was taken in hand by Mr. W. N. Flynt, under whose energetic and enterprising management it has become widely known and eminently prosperous. This extensive and productive property covers about five hundred acres, and has a working face one thousand feet in length by forty feet in height. Its geological for- mation is unique, being one of the most remarkable in the New England States, and of such a character that the work of quarrying is rendered ea.sy and rapid. Up to the time of the opening of the Bos- ton and Albany railroad, in 1839, tlie demand for the stone was necessarily local, but the transporta- tion facilities ofl'ered by the railway were at once availed of and greatly stimulated the business. The nearest station was three miles distant, and stone was hauled thither by teams. In 1865 Mr. Flynt, with characteristic enterprise, brought the shipping station within a mile of the quarry by ar- ranging with the New London Northern railway for a side track. All this time Monson granite was becoming more widely known and more generally sought, the demand for it was rapidly increasing, and, after the completion of the above-mentioned important improvement, two steam derricks, fifteen or twenty teams, and a correspondingly large force of workmen were required to get out a supply equal to the demand. Still greater and well-nigh perfect facilities were acquired in the year 187.5 by the construction of a two-mile railway from the main line of the New London Northern railroad into the quarry itself. The necessity for teaming was thus done away with, and steam derricks now lift the quarried stone directly upon the cars. With the splendid and une.xcelled facilities now in hand the W. N. Flynt Granite Company is able to successfully confront any possible competition in the Boston, New York, and Chicago markets. Some idea of the e.xteut of the business of this comjiany may be formed from the fact that it em- ploys an average of one hundred and fifty men, and the annual shipments aggregate thirty thousand tons, or three hundred and sixty thousand cubic feet, valued at S-00,OUO. The stone of this quarry is very superior in quality and runs in two shades — one a mottled white, the other a beautiful dark blue, and both capable of high polish. Following is a list of some of the buildings constru'^t^'l of Monson granite: Horatio Lvon Memoi'i:il Li- brary and Memorial Town Hall, Monson; Rtjmb- limn Block, Boston and Allianv railroad building, andAgawam Bank, Springfield; City Hall, Hol- yoke; Universalist Church, Palmer; G. Henry Whitcomb's residence and two business blocks, Worcester; Boston and Albany depots, at Bos- ton and Palmer; Walker Hall, Amherst College, A.mherst; fronts of St. Francis' Xavier Church, Sixteenth street, New York city, and the pastoral residence, corner of Eighty-fourth street and Fourth avenue. The granite for the new hotel buildings at Ware and Warren, and the stone for Judge Henry Hilton's mansion, at Saratoga Springs, are from this famous quarry. The stone for the im- posing tomb, in the Woodland Cemetery, of Mr. O. D. Munn, senior partner of the firm of Muun & Co., New York city, was also furnished by this company, and it is sending granite as far west as Topeka, Kan., for the State Capitol. But the stone quarried here is not only in demand for trim- mings and underpinnings, but for buildings and cemetery work. This company makes a specialty of stone for bridge work, and furnishes an immense amount of curbing, the latter at the rate of six miles of streets per year. The W. N. Flynt Gran- ite Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Massachusetts in January, 1885, with a capital of filOO,000. Mr. W. N. Flynt, the presi- dent, was born in this town March 14th, 1818, and is the Second son of Rufus Flynt, who is mentioned in the town sketch that precedes these articles. He was educated in the Academy and gained his first practical knowledge of business as a clerk in his father's store. When but twenty-one years of age he took hold of the almost untouched quarry whose splendid development is the result of his un- tiring energy and pronounced talent for business. Though the management of this extensive business is now in the hands of his sons, who, by the way, inherit many of the qualities and much of the sound sense that have always distinguished their father, the latter retains an active interest in it. Of his integrity, large-mindedness, and public spirit not a word need be said, nor of the prominent and generous part he has had in bringing this town to its present stage of prosperity. Suffice to say that Mr. W. N. Flynt belongs to that class of men who think they serve themselvesbest by serv- ing their fellow-men. G. L. Keeney, Druggist, Bookseller, Sta- tioner, School Supplies, and Wall Papers, etc. — Mr. (i. L. Keeney is a gentleman of many years' prac- tical experience in this business, which is sufficient guarantee that the management of his establish- ment will not permit of any carelessness or igno- rance in the compounding of physicians' prescrip- tions or family recipes. The business was founded by Mr. John M. Phipps about ten years ago, who was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1881. The store is conveniently located, spacious, and fitted up in the most attractive style, and includes an artistic soda-water fountain. The stock is com- prehensive and well selected, and comprises a full line of fresh and pure drugs, chemicals, proprietary medicines of well-known merit and rejmtation, toilet articles, perfumery, fancy goods in profusion, drug- gists'_ sundries, wall papers, mineral waters of do- mestic and foreign production, while the greatest care ig given to the accurate compcjnding of pliysicians' prescriptions and family recipes. He also carries a large and well-.selected stock of books of the most )iopular authors, also a full line of sta- tionery and school supplies. Mr. Keeney is a native of Vernon, Conn., and went from there to Man- chester and thence to Monson. He is a member of the Commonwealth Board of Pharmacy of Massa- chusetts. 282 TOWN OF MONSOM. K. M. & Theo. Reynolds, Manufacturers of Woolen Goods, Office, Main Street. — In review- ing tlie numerous enterprises that have made Monson one of the principal ctTitres of manufac- turing activity, it is comparatively easy to see that the manufacture of cassimeres, worsteds, and other dress goods has exercised a great influ- ence on its prosperity. Prominent among the lead- ing and representative houses' actively engaged in tills industry in Massachusetts is that of Messrs. K. M. & Theo. Reynolds, manufacturers of woolen and worsted dress goods, whose offices in Monson are located on Main street. This business was originally established in 1S35 by Mr. J. L. Rey- nolds, who conducted it for half a century, when he died, after a long, honorable, and brilliant career. He was greatly lamented by a large circle of friends and acquaintances, owing to his gene- rosity and indexible integrity, and liis death left a void very difficult to till.. His sons, Messrs. R. M. & Theo. Reynolds, succeeded to the management, and are now carrying on the business with great zeal, skill, and success. The premises occupied for manufacturing purposes comprise two extensive mills, with other spacious buildings, which are admirably supplied with all tlie latest improved appliances and machinery, including thirty cards, seventy-five broad looms, and five thousand spin- dles. The machinery is driven by two powerful turbine wheels and two steam engines of eighty- horse power. One hundred and eighty experienced operatives are employed in the factories. Messrs. R. M. & Theo. Reynolds manufacture extensively cassimeres, worsteds, ladies' dress goods, etc., which have gained an enviable reputation with the trade for their quality, finish, style, and excellence. These goods are general favorites wherever intro- duced, and are fully equal to the finest productions of foreign manufacturers. The resources of this responsible house are such that the largest orders may be promptly iilled and with perfect satisfaction to the trade. Messrs. R. M. ft, Theo. Reynolds are both natives of Monson, and are highly esteemed in manufacturing and financial circles for their business capacity, integrity, and energy. MoBison House, F. E. Stevens, Proprietor, Main Street. — The Monson House was first opened to the public in 1S76 by Mr. L. (i. Cushman, Mr. Stevens succeeding to the management in 1.S83. Under the new management many imjiortant im- provements have been introduced, and the place is complete in its equipments. The Monson House is centrally located on Main street, within a short distahce of the railroad station, and to which guests are carried free of charge. The hotel building is a four-story structure 60x30 feet in dimensions, fitted and furnished throughout in first-class style. It contains thirty-si.x fine sleeping-rooms, furnished comfortably and with clean beds and bedding. On the first Hoor is the dining-room, which seats forty- eight persons, tlie ladies' parlor, gentlemen's read- ing and writing rooms, and the business office. The table is always supplied with the best of everything the market affords. Ten assistants are engaged. A livery stable is run in connection with the Monson, from wliich excellent eiiuipages may be obtained at reasonable prices. The commercial trade is |iar- ticularly catered to and at the low rates of two dol- lars per day. Mr. Stevens is a native of Barre, M;iss., and is a practical hotel man of much experience. H. Cliapin, Registered Pharmacist, corner Main and Lincoln Streets. — A leading drug estab- lishment in the town of Monson is that conducted by Mr. H. C'hapin. This house was founded in 1S80, and has gradually been enlarging its commer- cial relations. The store is iiUx2o feet, and pro- vided with every facility for conducting the busi- ness upon the largest scale. The store is hand- somely furnished, is provided with line show-cases, and is made additionally attractive by the presence of an elegant soda-water fountain 'made by Puller & Sons, of Boston. The stock carried embraces a full assortment of pure drugs and chemicals, medi- cines, and a complete variety of toilet and fancy ar- ticles, jierfumery, etc. A specialty is made of filling physicians' prescriptions in a careful manner, and two competent assistants are employed in the dis- pensing department. Mr. Chapin is a native of Connecticut, was liorn in 18-12, and haslong resided in Monson. He served in the war of tlie rebel- lion for five years, having charge of the medical supplies for the army in Washington for three years, and was first commander of Post 155, of Mon- son, G. A. E. Noroross Bros., Dealers in General Mer- chandise, Main Street. — A leading and flourishing business house in this town is that of the ISorcross Brothers, who established their business here in 1882, and quickly wontheir way toaforemost com- mercial position. Their fine store is large, covering an area of 80x'25 feet. The firm are general deal- ers in groceries and household and farm supplies, the stock carried being very large. The stock in- cludes ice-cream freezers, oil stoves, churns, lawn mowers, croquet sets, water pots, force jiumps, water sets, cultivators, hoes, rakes, haying tools, scythes, snathes, rakes, screen doors and windows, fly paper and fly powder, Paris green, slug shot, fish poles, wheelbarrows, mowing machine oils, etc. ; also a full line of groceries, teas, coH'ees, sugars, confec- tionery, fancy crackers, canned meat. No. 1 mack- erel, Massasoit flour, which the firm buy by the car- load and offer at lowest prices; fresh fruit every day received, etc. They also sell Johns' asbestos paint, and have a large variety of five and ten cent goods. The members of the firm, Messrs. A. D. and H. C. Norcross, are both natives of Monson. D. W. Ellis & Son, Manufacturers of Fancy Cassimeres. — This business was established in 1871 by Mr. D. W. Ellis, who conducted it until 1879, when he admitted his son, Mr. Arthur I). Ellis, into partnership, the firm being known by the style and title of 1). W. Ellis & Son. The fancy cassi- meres manufactured by this popular firm are un- excelled by anything in the market, «nd are too widely known to need extended comment, and are the best products of American manufacturing genius and mechanical skill, being quite equal if not suiierior to the finest productions of the most famous foreign manufacturers. The premises occupied are commodious and admirably equipped with the most improved machinery and ap- pliances, including twenty-three looms, four sets of cards, and twelve hundred spindles. Eighty operatives arc employed. The selling agent of the firm in New York is Mr. James Talcott, No. lOS Franklin street. Mes.srs. D. W. and Arthur D. Ellis are men of influential standing in the com- mercial world. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 28$ S. F. Clisliman, Manufacturer of Woolen Goods. — Monsoii, Mass., and the neigliboring towns have for many years been famous for the manufacture of wook>n goods. Prominent among the representative and progressive houses engaged in tliis industry is that of Mr. S. F. Gushman, v/hose new woolen mill is located in Monson, while his old one is about half a mile from the town. This business was originally established in 1826 by the Monson Woolen Company, which was succeeded by Mr. Horatio Lyon. Eventually, in 1877, Mr. y. F. Cushman, the present proprietor, succeeded to the business. The new ™ill is "■ superior four- story brick building .54x190 feet in dimensions, with bell tower, admirably equipped with the latest improved woolen machinery, including five .sets of cards, twenty-four looms, and eighteen hundred and seventy-two spindles, while nothing has been left undone which skill and capital coidd devise to make it complete. The old mill is a substantial three-story frame building 40x100 feet in dimen- sions, fully supplied with superior machinery, in- cluding two sets of cards, twenty looms, and one thousand spindles. In the new mill a splendid eighty-horse power steam engine, in separate brick building, is utilized, while in the old one the ma- chinery is driven by water-power. One hundreil and fifty operatives are employed in the two mills, and the total daily jiroduction amounts to one thousand yards of woolen goods. The specialties manufactured by Mr. t'ushman are unrivaled for quality, finish, reliability, and excellence, and have no superiors in this or any other market. The selling agents ^of ^this responsible house in New I York city are Messrs. W. C. Langley & Co., Nos. 78 and 80 Worth street. The trade of this popu- I lar house extends all over the United States. Mr. Cushman is a native of Maine. S. J. Wilcox, Jeweler, Main Street. — An establishment in the fine jewelry line is the store of Mr. S.J.Wilcox, which was established in 1885 by the present proprietor and has attained a very enviable popularity. The store is commodious, handsomely fitted up, and very tastefully arranged. The fixtures are of the latest and most approved style, including elaborate counters, silver-mounted show-cases, while the stock embraces gold ami sil- ver watches of the best American and foreign manufacture, jewelry of the latest designs and pat- terns, such as [ilain and fancy rings, sets, watch charms and chains, shirt studs, collar, cuftj and sleeve buttons, diamonds, rubies, and other precious stones set in the latest and most unique styles, neck- laces, etc. He also carries a full stock of foreign and domestic clocks, gold pens and pencils, solid silver and plated wares. These articles cannot fail to supply every want and satisfy every taste at the lowest possible prices, and are warranted as repre- sented in every particular. Anything in the jew- elry line is made to order at the shortest notice. He makes a specialty of repairing fine watches and jewelry and guarantees satisfaction. He has had eighteen years of practical experience in the business, and exercises a close supervision over every department. Mr. Wilcox was born in C'am- bridgeport, this State, and learned his trade in Lowell. TOWN OF WESTFIELD. The date of the original settlement of this town seems to be in doubt, but the town itself is here, thoroughly alive and steadily growing all the time, the central business point of the township whose name it bears. Its beginnings were somewhere in the period between the years 1659 and 1662. It was incorporated in 1669. The first white child born upon the site of the present town was Benjamin Saxton, in 1666, a few of whose descendants are residents of Westfield to-day. It is recorded that the first religious meeting on a Sabbath was held in 1667, an. Hewes, House and Sign Painter, Glazier, Grainer, and Paperhanger, Shop in Collins' Block. — A favorite and old-established business is this, having been founded by Mr. Hewes in 1860. Ml-. Hewes occupies a store and basement in Collins' Block, each having dimensions of 60x50 feet. His I store is arranged in excellent style and is filled with a very large stock. The assortment carried embraces a full variety of doors, sash, bliiid.s, paints, oils, putty, glass, varnishes, colors, and a superb stock of jTtnierhangings of every description, em- bracing all the latest, most popular shades and de- signs. From eight to seventeen handsare employed, and all kinds of house and sign painting, glazing, graining, and paperhanging are executed to order. Prompt attention is given to filling all orders. Mr. Hewes is a native of New Hampshire, but has re- sided for many years in this town. Souza & Co., Artistic Decorators, Plain and Ornamental Painters, Dealers in Wall Papers, Hosmer's Block. — This establishment was founded in 1879 by the present proprietors, who have be- come celebrated for the excellence of the work per- formed by them. They occupy a store 40x15 feet in dimensions, and a well-equipped workshop to the rear of this. Messrs. Souza & Co. employ from five to eight hands, and are prepared to execute artistic decorating, plain and ornamental painting, and paperhanging to order at brief notice. Their store contains a choice line of wall papers of every description, including the latest and most popular designs and newest shades. The members of the firm are Messrs. William H. Souza and Byron De La Vergne, both of whom are skilled jiractical painters and decorators. The former is a native of Massachusetts, while the latter ^claims New York State as his birthplace. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 287 J. W. Colton, Manufacturer of Coltou's Se- lect Flavors, Colognes, Perfumes, Toilet Articles, and Preparations, corner of J'31m anil School Streets. — Una of the establishments which has served to make VVesttield widely known as a manu- facturing centre of importance is this country, with its whips, cluirch organs, etc., is that owned and conducted by Mr. J. \V. Colton, whose well-known name is inseparably linked with the reliable goods manufactured by him, which are so extensively used in all parts of the United States. Mr. Colton is a native of Massacliusetts, is now a middle aged gentleman, and is a long-time resident of Westtield, : and one of her most esteemed citizens. He estab- 1 lished his business here in liGl, and has met with phenomenal success. Pie carries on both a manu- facturing busine.ss and a (irst-class pliarmacy. His factory is at No. 14 School street, and consists of a i good-sized brick building, with basement, each ^ story 6Ux2G feet in dimensions. The hands em- ployed here have every auxiliary and facility for [ turning out a large product. The articles manu- factured are Colton's select flavors, colognes, per- fumes, toilet articles, fragrant tooth powder, and other preparations, also Colton's strengthening bit- ters, an excellent and valuable preparation, which retails at one dollar per bottle. The flavoring ex- tracts are made from fruits and spices, and are guaranteed to be pure and strong. Mr. Colton has agencies for his goods in the principal cities of the pinion, among them the following well-known houses: Bagle & Lyle, Kos. 87 and S9 Park Place, New York ; Franklin, MacVeagh & Co., corner of Wabash avenue and Lake street, Chicago; H. L. Stiles, No. 54 Walnut street, Cincinnati, Ohio; Cireeley, Burnham Grocery Company, Nos. 618, 620, and %'li North Seoond street, St. Louis, Mo. Mr. Colton's drug store is an old, long-established store at the corner of I'jlm and School streets, well filled with a choice assortment of pure drugs, chemicals, medicines, and an excellent stock of toilet and fancy articles and druggists' sundries. Special attention is paid to the prescription depart- ment, accuracy being guaranteed. Three assistants are employed in the store and a first-class trade is enjoyed in all seasons, the establishment being a favorite in the community. P. M. Culins, Planing, Sawing, and Molding Mill, Practical Wood Turner, Inventor and Sole Manufacturer of the Wall Bracket Clothes-Horse, Quassia Tumbler, Wood Whip-Racks, Black Wal- nut Stair-Kods, etc. — This is one of the most im- portant establishments in Westtield, and is unique as beins^ the only one in this line located here. Mr. Culins is a native of Albany, N. Y., and estab- lished his business here in 1807, two years after his arrival here Mr. Culins is also an inventor of considerable fame, having invented the wall bracket clothes-horse, the quassia tumbler, wood whip- racks, black walnut stair-rods, and many other val- uable practical ideas. His factory covers an area of 50x25 feet. It is provided with the finest ma- chinery, o(>erated with water power. Mr. Culins is a practical wood turner, and also executes in his mill planing, sawing, and molding of all kinds. He keeps constantly on hand hitching-iiosts, clothes-reels, hood-brackets, newels, and balusters of all kinds. Fancy caaing, columns, and brackets are made to order at short notice, in the most finished manner. He enjoys an excellent trade. Mr. Culins served with distinction during the war in the Ninety-first N. Y. V. V., and was promoted to the rank of captain. His regiment was attached to the Army of the Ciulf, under (General Banks. For some months he was engaged as a scout, and for meritorious services received the rank of major. Major Culins is a member in high standing in Lvon Post, No. 41, G. A. li. A. C. Barnes & Co., Manufacturers of Whips and Lashes, Elm Street. — Although a com paratively new concern in this line here, being es- tablished December, 1884, the Hourishing firm of A. C. Barnes & Co., manufacturers of whips and lashes, have already built up a large and extensive trade, owing to the general excellence of the goods turned out, their products finding ready sale all over the United States. They occupy as a factory two floors 50x75 feet each in superficial dimensions, with a neat and commodious office, the premises being completely ■ equipped with the best-known appliances and ajjpurtenances for rapid and excel- lent execution (the concern being operated by ample water motive power), and employment is aflbrded to nearly forty expert hands, male and female, t)ie average production per day being about six gross of whips and lashes. They manufacture chiefly high grade articles, best grade of bone whips and fancy work for the most part, and the trade, already large, gives evidence of steady increase. The individual members of this prosperous firm are Messrs. A. C. Barnes, H. M. Gowdy, H. O. Case, and C. Pome- roy, all natives of Westfield. H. G. Dewey, Pharmacist, Lane & Loomis Block, Elm Street. — Mr. H. G. Dewey's pharmacy is much esteemed by residents of this community. Mr. Dewey is a native of tliis town, and established his business here in 1883. He occupies a fine, large store, its dimensions being 80x25 feet, giving ample space for the accommodation of a large stock. The store is furnished in a ta,steful and handsome manner. Fine show-cases and an elegant soda-water fountain serve to set off' the appearance of the place, while the stock carried is attractively arranged. The assortment includes a full variety of pure drugs and chemicals, also a full stock of perfumeries, toilet and fancy articles. Special at- tention is given to the prescription department, all medicines being compounded with care and intelli- gently dispensed. Two competent assistants are employed. J. M. Leonard, Miller, and Dealer in Wheat, Rye, and Buckwheat Flour, Meal, Feed, Grain, Baled Hay and Straw, Great River Will. — The Great Kiver Mill was originally established about one liundred years ago, and came under the control of Mr. Leonard in 187.5, and has proved to be a successful business enterprise. The mill is situated on the Agawam river, and is a two-story building 90x25 feet in dimensions. I'ive hands are em- ployed in the mill, which is furnished with water power, and has agrindingcapacity of eight hundred bushels daily. Mr. Leonard is himself a practical miller and superintends all the operations of the mill. He is a general dealer in wheat, rye, and buckwheat flour, meal, feed, grain, baled hay and straw, and always has a full stock of best grades in those commodities. ]Mr. Leonard is a native of Massachusetts, having been born at Ware. 288 TOWN OF WESTFIELD. ■Lay Whip Company, Manufacturers of Whips and Lashes, Elm Street. — An enterprising and representative firm here is that of the Lay Whip Company, whose "patent whalebone water- proof finish " wliips and lashes are in steady and ex- trade in this line. Here may also be found a full line of Jas. Chaskell's cigar flavors, Mr. Kovier being wholesale agent for these celebrated goods and furnislies them at New York prices. Prior to locating at Westfield Mr. Bovier had, for fifteen tensive demand throughout the country, owing to the uniformly high standard of excellence these goods have always maintained. This well-known concern was originally established in 1872 by K. R. Lay & Sons, and on November 20th, 1886, became the Lay Whip Company, and thus the business has since been continued, the trade, meanwhile, grow- ing steadily apace with years. The fiictory, wliich is located on Elm street, is a fine four-story brick structure 150x40 feet in dimensions, supplied with heavy steam power and tlioroughly equipped with the latest improved machinery and appliances, and employment is given to upward of sixty hands, the daily production being over two hundred and fifty dozen whips and lashes. The trade, which ex- tends to all parts of the world, is very heavy, and an A 1 stock is constantly carried. The firm is composed of Messrs. E. K. Lay, Fred. E. Lay, and E. A. Herrick, well-known citizens of Westfield, and all men of push and enterprise. Chas. B. Bovier, Manufacturer of Cigar Boxes, Labels of Every Description, at Lowest Prices, Nos. 62 and 64 Mechanic Street. — This in- dustry was established here in 1881, and is the only one of the kind in this section. The trade extends throughout the New England States. The lumber used by Mr. Bovier is kiln-dried by a peculiar special process invented by himself. This process has the tendency to kill the gum in the cedar, and as a consequence the boxes manufactured at this factory are superior to any other made. For this reason many cigar manufacturers prefer to obtain their supply of boxes exclusively from this estab- lishment. The factory is a two-story building cov- ering an aj-ea of 150x25 feet. Mechanical power is furnished by a good water privilege, and every appliance used inthebnsinessisat hand. Eighteen employees are kept busily at work, and an average of about twelve hundred boxes per day are turned out. Mr. Bovier furnishes labels of every descrip- tion at the lowest prices. He also pays special at- tention to getting up private labels, and has a good years, been successfully engaged in the same line of business at Elmira, N. Y., where he was born and educated, and is no novice at his trade. Per.sonally Mr. Bovier is a wideawake, thorough business man. E. F. Schmidt, Manufacturer of Leather Whips and Lashes, Orange Street. — Among those engaged in the manufacture of whips is Mr. E. F. Schmidt, who makes a specialty of leather whips and lashes. Mr. Schmidt is a native of Germany, but has resided in the United States for twenty years, and has been engaged in working at the whip trade ever since. He established business on his own account in 1884, and has met with much suc- cess. His factory consists of an entire floor 30x25 feet in dimensions, supplied with every facility for his business. His work is principally done by contract, and necessitates the employment of five assistants. His trade is iOcal, his products being sold principally to the other whip manufacturers of this town. He makes a specialty of lashes from the common to the finest grades, which cost, in some instances, as high as fifty dollars a dozen. He has a productive capacity of twenty-five dozen per day. C. H. Torrey, Power Printer, Publisher ot the Music Hall Stage. — The finest specimens of book and commercial printing may be seen at the establishment of Mr. C. H. Torrey. Mr. Torrey is a native of Westfield, born in 1861, and established himself in business here in 1883. He has secured a good local trade by reason of fine work and mod- erate prices. His office and workshop occupy an entire floor 50x25 feet in dimensions. The place is well-lighted, conveniently arranged, supplied with new and elegant type and materials, and four fine jobbing presses, which are operated by Aater- power. Every facility is at hand for the exe;:ution of superior job and book printing. Mr. Torrey is publisher of the 3rusic Hall Staife, a well-known local dramatic publication. As an artistic printer 1 he has no superior. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 289 B. F. Lewis & Son, Boots, Shoes, Slippers, and Kubbei-s, Music Hall Block, Elm Street. — The oldest establishment here engaged in the manufac- ture of boots and shoes is tliat conducted by Messrs. B. F. Lewis & Son. Mr. Lewis, who is probably the oldest merchant in AVestlicld, is a native of Lynn, Mass., and came to Westfield in 1839. In 1841 he established himself in business as a general boot and shoe dealer. In )87li he admitted his sun, Mr. F. R. Lewis, who was born in Westlield, as a member of tlie firm, the firm style being changed to its present form on the admission of the younger Lewis. The lirni occupy a line, large store at a central location, its dimensions being 100.'c2o feet. A very large stock is carried, embracing a complete assortment of boots and shoes of medium and tine grades for ladies', gentlemen's, and children's use. Among these is included the well-known standard screw-fastened boots and shoes, which cannot rip, are perfectly comfortable, outwear all others, have no points or roughness to hurt the feet or destroy the stockings, and have the only fastening ever used for positively screwing ou the soles of boots and shoes. J. B, Shea, Beef, Veal, Pork, Ham, Sausage, Elm Street Market. — Anestablishment that is held in liigh favor by the housekeepers of Westfield is that conducted by Mr. J. B. Shea, which was first opened in 1872 by Mr. J. E. Sterry, who was suc- ceeded by Messrs. Sterry & Shea. In November, 1884, Mr. Shea became the sole proprietor, and has since largely increased the patronage of tlie estab- lishment by his commendable metliods of conduct- ing business. Tlie store occupied is 75.\25 feet in dimensions. It is always kept in a faultlessly clean condition, and has an inviting appearance. Mr. Shea at all times carries a large assortment of all kinds of meats, including beef, lamb, veal, pork, ham, sausage, and poultry; also lard and vegeta- bles. Mr. Shea also deals extensively in hides, tallow and wool, skins, and pays cash for all that may be brought to him in these lines. While he sells his meats, etc., at the lowest market rates, yet the quality is the best obtainable. A delivery team is employed in the business, and goods are sent home free of charge. Mr. Shea is a native of Holy- oke. E. P. LiOring', Staple and Fancy Groceries, Produce, Flour, etc., Gowdy's Block, Elm Street. — Mr. Loring opened business in January, 1879, and has built up a large and prosperous trade. His fine, large store is 100x25 feet in size. The stock carried embraces a choice variety ofstaple and fancy groceries, produce, Hour, teas, coHees, spices, sugars, canned goods, etc. The stock is always fresh, the excellent trade of the hou.se making necessary the constant receipt of new invoices of goods. Mr. Loring is assisted by two active clerks and an efli- eient lady cashier. k.\\ orders are filled with com- mendable promptness, and a delivery team is em- ployed in carrying goods to customers. Mr. Loring is a native of Massachusetts, having been born near Boston. H. r>. Pease, Westfield Steam Laundry, He occupies a large building, three' stories in height and 59x2() feet in dimensions, which is thoroughly equipped with washing and ironing machines, which are operated by steam supplied from a four-horse i)Ower engine and lioiler. Twelve hands are aftorded cmidoyment. All work per- formed at this establishment is done in the most linished manner, while the prices are always rea- sonable. Mr. I'ease enjoys a large local and out-of- town trade. James H. Morse, Watches, Clocks, Silver- ware, Musical Instruments, and Fancy Goods, at the old stand, next door to the Willmarth House. — This complete jewelry establishment enjoys tlie distinction of being the oldest establishment of the kind in Westfield, having been founded in 1840 by Mr. James H. Morse, who has continued to conduct it for this long period of forty years with uninter- rupted success. His spacious store is 50x2.5 feet in dimensions, and is fitted up in handsome stvle, having fine show-cases and attractive fixtures. A first-class stock is carried, embracing a superior collection of fine gold and silver watches, French and other clocks, silverware, necklaces, studs, rings, bracelets, lockets, breast-pins, earrings, neck and watch chains of every grade and variety, musical instruments, and fancy goods. Mr. Morse is a practical watchmaker and jeweler, and makes a specialty of repairing. His customers place in him the utmost confidence, because he is a reliable dealer, honesty itself, and will in no case allow goods to be misrepresented in his store. Mr. Morse was born in Westfield, and has always resided here. Gibbs & Son, Groceries, No. 50 Elm Street. — The business of this prominent concern was founded in 1883 by Messrs. (iibbs ite Osborne, changing to the present firm style in April, 1885. The members of the firm, Mr. E! W. Gibbs and his- son, Mr. L. E. Gibbs, are both natives of Blandford, Mass., and are skilled business managers. The store occupied is large, being 25x80 feet in dimen- sions. It is completely stocked with a large assort- ment ofstaple and fancy groceries of all kinds, and a large variety of crockery, glassware, earthenware, lamps, lamp-chimneys, and shades. The goods are first-class in quality, while the prices charged are remarkably low, thus making this a very desirable establishment for families to obtain their supplies from. Two hands are employed. Messrs. Gibbs & Son have built up a permanent and growing busi- ness. M. E. Wilcox, Boarding, Livery, and Ex- change Stables. — Among the livery stables of Westfield that of Mr. M. El. Wilcox is in every respect representative. His stable is a two-story building covering an area of 60x50 feet, with ample accommodations for the care of twenty-six horses and twenty carriages. Mr. Wilcox owns and has in use sixteen liorses, fifteen light wagons, and two coaches, any of which may be hired at very reasonable terms. He employs a number of competent assistants, and is doing an excellent trade in his boarding, livery, and exchange de- Thomas Street, near Elm. — The proprietor of this i partments of the stable business. Mr. Wilcox is a popular business house, Mr. H. D Pease, is a na- | native of Connecticut, and established his business five of Enfield, Conn. He established his business j in Westfield in 1872, and is very popular in this here in 187G, and has met with deserved success. 1 community. 290 TOWN OF WESTFIELD. Sanford Whip Company, Manufacturers of Whips auil Lashes of every description, also Inventors of tlie Celebrated Diamond Finish and the Olecameloid Water-Proof Finish, and Manu- facturers of the Celebrated Bull Hone Whips, with seven years of steady progress and prosjierity marks the record of the wiilely known establishment of William I'rovin, whip manufacturer and dealer in cigars, this town, and which is in all respects among the oldest and foremost concerns of the kind in the If sniwii iMaailiililllllll V "■|W's^«a!ll]MaBSSii]iilllliHl many other new improvements and inventions, Elm Street.— In the manufacture of whips and lashes one of the largest concerns engaged in this branch of enterprise is that of the Sanford Whip Company, which was founded in 1S7'.1, and has since built up a trade of large dimensions. The members of the lirraare Messrs. E. L. Sanford, L. H. Lee, L. L. Sperry, G. J. Bradley, and F. A. Sanford. Tlie factory, located on Elm street, is a four-story brick building 40x130 feet in dimensions, and is equipped with the latest improved mechani- " cal appliance^^, which include over fifty platting machines, etc.; these are operated by steam-power, and one hundred and twenty-five hands are em- ployed, and some two hundred dozen of whips and lashes of every description are produced daily. The firm is a pushing and enterprising one, and is one of the must extensive concerns in its line in the country. The firm is represented on the road by a large number of traveling salesmen, and the trade relations of the concern extend to all parts of the world where American-made whips are used. The well-merited reputation of the firm has been acquired by promptness and reliability in all its undertakings. William Provin, Whip Manufacturer and Dealer in Cigars, Ko. 155 Elm Street. — Thirty- •< js»*«-^' State or country. The business was established as far back as 1849 by William Provin, who con ducted it up to 1884, when his death occurred, (he business then passing into the hands of his son and successor, William Provin, who has since con- tinued it with uninterrupted success, the reliability of the goods made and liandled, and the sound judgment and untiring energy disjdayed in the management, being the chief elements contributing to the large measure of public favor Mr. Provin deservedly enjoys. Tlie premises occupied comprise a spacious floor and basement used in most part for store-room and office, nearly all the work being given out by contract, and the trade, which is wholesale entirely, is very substantial and extends all over the United States. Mr. Provin, who is a native of this State, is a gentleman of unswerving integrity in all his dealings. He manufactures whips and lashes of all kinds and grades, and handles large quantities of cigars, carrying con- stantly on hand a heavy and well-assorted stock of each to meet the requirements of an extensive and increasing trade. Mr. Provin was elected to the Legislature in 1885 and re-elected in ISSti, and fills the position with marked ability and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents, who are pleased by the admirable manner in which he looks after the interests of Westfield and his district. NORTHAMPTON. This flourishing and attractive city is the county-seat of Hampshire county, is situated on the main line of both tlie Connecticut River and the New Haven and Northampton railroads, and is only nineteen miles from the city of Springfield. The estimated population at the present time is nearly fifteen thousand, there having been a material growth since the census of 1880. It is one of the oldest towns in the Commonwealth, having been originally settled in 1054, just thirty-four years after the land- ing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. The streets, which are broad and well-shaded by ancient elms, radiate as from a common centre in various directions, and are ornamented with public as well as private buildings surrounded by well-kept lawns and gardens. Mt. Tom, Mt. Holyoke, and Round Hill are all in the immediate vicinity of the city, and afford magnificent views of the surrounding country espe- cially of the Connecticut Valley. Mill river runs diagonally through the city and empties into the Con- necticut river, and Roberts' Brook, a streamlet from Westhampton, joins Mill river at Leeds Village the two together making a specially serviceable water-power. A tributary of the Manlian river also FIRST NATIONAL BANK, NgBTHiMPTON. drains the southwestern section of the city. Several disastrous fires having occurred during 1870, the necessity for water-works was brought prominently before the people, S2U0,0(»0 in bonds were issued, and early in the following year work was commenced on a new reservoir, which was completed in the fol- lowing fall, and covers between three and four acres, with a capacity of four million gallons. A well- equipped Fire Department was organized in 18o-l, and is still officered by the leading business men of the city. The first bridge at this point over the Connecticut river was built in 1803, was rebuilt in 1817, swept away by the flood of 1824, rebuilt in 1826, again partly destroyed and rebuilt in 1859, again de- stroyed by a whirlwind in 1877, and in the same year replaced by the present strong iron structure, the work of the Canton (Ohio) Bridge Company. The Northampton Gas-Light Company was incorpo- rated in 1853, and the works, comprising two meters, were completed in 1856, with a capacity of nearly fifty thousand feet, and at an e.\pense of $35,000. The first school committee was established in this town in the last century, 17!)9, and from that time to the present the schools have ever kept abreast of 291 292 'JOn'X UJ'' NO Kl liA M r 1 ON. HAMPSHIEE COUHTYS KEW COUET-HOrSE. TOWN OF NORTHAMPTON. 293 the rapid march of educational progress in the State. As long ago as 1835 a higli scliool f."), at a cost of §10,000, and is a solid and substantial structure, containing massive vaults, constructed in the bL'st burglar-proof manner, and equipped with chronometer locks on the doors. The otfices are spacious and handsomely fitted up and fin-nished, elegant portraits of the three first presidents (now deceased), Messrs. Jolin Clark, Sanniel Williston, and Joel Hayden, and the late esteemed cashier, Mr. Henry Roberts, being hung on the walls of the directors' room, and, altogether, a flourishing busi- ness is transacted, the connections of the bank being of the most desirable nature. The present officers and Board of Directors are as follows: W. B. Hale, president; Fred N. Kneeland, cashier, and Messrs. Silas M. Smith, M. H. Spaulding, M. M. French, H. F. Williams, A. L. Williston, L. J. Warner, CharlesCook, P. M. Wells, L. I) James, D. W. Wells, and W. B- Hale constituting the directors, all men of the highest personal integrity as well as sound judgment and business ability. Banking hours are from nine A. M. to three P. M., and the National Park Bank, of New York, is the correspondent in the metropolis, while the Boston National Hide and IjCiither Bank performs the same function in that city. Slllitli & Priiidle, Men's, Youths', and Boys' t.;lothing, (ients' Furnishing Goods, etc.. No. 68 Main Street. — This is the oldest establishment in the city, having been founded over half a cen- tury ago by Mr. Charles Smith, who still remains an active member of the firm. The e.xact year of the establishment of the enterprise was 1830. Mr. Smith has always been the head of the firm, the successive changes being, in order named. Smith & Anzer, C. Smith it Co., Smith & French, Smith & t:lark. Smith, Clark & Prindle, and in 18ol the firm became Snuth & I'rindle. Messns. Charles Smith and J. H. I'rindle are both natives of Derby, Conn., are full of years of e.\perience, which have prepared them for the successful mercantile career they are enjoying. The firm occupy a fine, large .store, its dimensions being bo.x2o feet. This spacious salesroom is fitted up in first-class style, and is filled with a very large assortment of men's, youths', and boys' clothing, which is guaranteed to be unsurpas.sed for fit, style, and wearing (juali- ties, while they are sold at prices that are uni- formly reasonable. A full variety of gentlemen's furnishing goods is also kept in stock, and includ- ing all the latest and most stylish novelties. Two clerks are employed. Hampshire Iron Foundry, Plea.sant Street, Charles E. Clapp, Proprietor. — One of the oldest and best known concerns in this branch of enterprise is that of Mr. Charles E. Clapp. The busine.ss was organized in 1848 by the father of the present proprietor, Mr. W. R. (.'lajip. This gentle- man conducted the business with remarkable suc- cess for thirty years, and was succeeded by his son in 1878. The foundry is a one-story brick building 50.^1)0 feet in dimensions, and the machine shop is a building of brick 2ox(35 feet in dimensions and three stories high. The mechanical equipments of the establishment are of a first-class character, and among the products of the concern embrace steam e.igines and boilers, circular saw mills, iron castings, iron columns and iron fences, cauldron kettles, tuyere irons, iron hitchingposts, hangers, couplings and boxes, piilley.s, from three inch to sixty inch diameter, and from three inch to twenty-four inch face. A large variety of spur, mitre, and bevel gearing, improved iron chimney caps, cider mill screws, jack screws, boiler grates, furnace grates, stove grates, sewer grates, stoves for burning three or four feet wood, also the honeycomb stove for burning fine fuel, window weights. The motive power is furnished by a ten-horse power steam en- gine, and about twelve hands are employed. The concern has a brisk business connection, and the amount of trade transacted is yearly increiising in volume. Mr. Clapp is a native of the city. R. W. Sackett, AVholesale and Retail Dealer in Furniture and Bedding, AVoodenware, etc., Nos. '2, 4, and King Street. — At the popular and well- ordered concern of R. W. Sackett can always be found an exceedingly fine assortment of furniture of every description, plain and artistic, including beautifid and reliable parlor suits, chamber suits, library and office furniture, bedding, wooden and willow ware, :ind everything that is to be found in a well-equipped concern of the kind. The house was founded in 18lllt by Mr. R. W. Sackett, who h;is since continued tbe business, with a short intermission, alone, with marked success, the trade, which is both wholesale and retail, being very ex- tensive, a finf out-of-town business, being done, as well as a flourishing city and suburban trade. The warehouses cover a superficial area of about 1,000 feet, and a heavy and excellently selected stock is constantly carried, and three cajialile and attentive assistants are employed. Mr. Sackett is a native of Northampton and is well and favorably known ia mercantile circles. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 299 Northampton Emery Wheel Com- pany, Emery and Corundum Wlieels, and Emery Wliei'l Machinery, Leeds Mass. — A celebrated Eng- lish writer, after a recent protracted visit to t h 13 coun- try, remarked that the only thing the United States lacked was "antiquity," and that the only reason that we did not have it In abundance was because it could neither be purchased nor invented. Al- though there are many enterprises which date well back in years, a house which can show a record of twenty years' uninterrupted progress and success can at least lay claim to an unusual exhibit. The widely known company which is the subject of this sketch was originally established in 1S67, under the lirni name of Otis & William-;, and in the subsequent year it was organized into a joint-stock company under the name and title of the North- ampton Emery Wheel Company, with a capital stock of $oU,OJO, and it has since been operated under that de.signation, although the company was incorporated under the laws of the State in 187it, at which time the capital was doubled, and so in- creased to $100,000. This company justly lays claim to being (with but one exception) the oldest manufacturers of emery wheels in tlie entire world, and at the same time, from the rare excellence and generally admitted superiority of their productions, has, practically, the world for a market, finding a large demand and ready sale in Europe, principally, however, in the countries of England, France, Ger- many, and Sweden, while tlie home patronage in- cludes nearly every State in the I'nion. The pro- ductions of these works are manufactured luider letters patent, and, including the machinery, are nearly all the resultsof their own invention. Tlieir wheels, both emery and corundum, are made under a patented process, and no other wheel manufac- tured contains the same ingredients, or combination of ingredients, wliich serve to make them a very popular wheel on the market for a large variety of purpo.ses, while their machinery for running tlie wheels is concededly the acme of convenience and utility. A liberal proportion of their domestic patronage is in the West, necessitating a branch office and warehouse at Chicago, which is centrally located at No. 20 South Canal street, and where a stock to the value of $50,00 ) is kept constantly on hand. The enviable reputation of the goods of this enterprising liouse is so well and widely established that we can only echo the general opinion of the trade through any meed of praise these pages could bestow. As a clinching commendation, we can truthfully add that since the organization of the company not a single share of the stock has been sold or owned outside of the original .stockholders ; nor has there been a vacancy in the original Board of Directors, excepting such as were caused by the hand of death, a convincing argument of the con- servatism displayed, as well as the unvarying value and meritoriousncss of the productions of the house. Messrs. Ira Dimick, president, and J. L. Otis, treasurer, have also both faithfully and satisfac- torily performed the mission of their respective offices since the inception of the enteriirise. They have always prided themselves on the honest repre- sentation of the (juality of their goods and their character for fair dealing with all, and relations j established with this reliable house will not only \ prove pleasant but profitable to all concerned. All j orders from consumers, whether large or small, are 1 filled with promjitness and fidelity. I "College Bookstore," S. E. Bridgman & Co., Publishers, Booksellers and Stationers. — Nearly one hundred years ago, or, to be more exact, ia the year 1792, when the old settlers in this section of the Commonwealth had begun to settle dosvn to the arts of peace and industry, the first regular bookstore in the town of Northampton was opened by Simeon Butler, and which during the intervening ninety-five years has been in continuous existence, and to-day fully sustains its old-time reputation as one of the foremost and best-equipped concerns of the kind in Western Massacliusetts. The firm of Simeon Butler & Son succeeded the founder, and they in turn were succeeded by J. W. Butler, who subsequently gave way to Butler & Bridgma 1, the style afterward changing to Hop- kins, Bridgman h Co., who some time after were succeeded by Bridguian & Childs, they conducting the business up to ISS,'?, when it p:ussed into the control of the present proprietors. They own and occupy a neat and commodious store 25x(i0 feet in dimensions, and very tastefully arranged, and a large and excel lent stock is kept constantly on hand, including college, school, and text books. Sabbath- school, and religious literature (among their pub- lications being the works of Rev. John Todd, D. D., and Edward Hitchcock, 1). D., LL. D.), historical works, juvenile storybooks and miscellaneous pub- lications, and a full and fine line of general mer- cantileand school stationery, the business transacted being very substantial and requiring the services of three efficient and capable assistants. The indi- vidual members of the firm are L. E. and A. C. Bridgman, natives of this city — the senior entering the store as apprentice in 1844. They receive orders from Oregon, Montana, and South Africa, and have a fine trade with public libraries. Wllitbeok & Shearii, Dealers in Pianos, Organs, Musical Merchandise, Interior Decora- tions, etc.. No. 124 Main Street. — This flourishing business was originally started in 1872 by S. Har- rison Hayner, who was succeeded by George S. Whitbeck & Co., thev conducting it up to 1884, when it changed to the present style, this enter- prising and reliable firm continuing the business with eminently satisfactory results, their patronage being extensive and of the most desirable charac- ter. They occupy ample and commodious quarters, the store being 2o,x75 feet indimension.s, and hand- somely fitted up, and a large and A 1 stock is con- stantly carried, including pianos and organs of the foremost American makers, musical instruments of every description, bra-ss, reed, and string, also mu- sical mercliandise of all kinds, and an elegant line of artistic paperhangings and internal decorations, moldings, and kindred articles, special attention being devoted to laying fine ceiling work and side- wall decorations, skillful workmen being furnished to execute the same. The firm are agents for the sale of the favorite Sterling pianos and organs, also the well-known E. H. McEwen pianos, the Vose h Sons pianos, and the Clongh & Warren and Wor- cester Organ Company's organs, doing a very fine trade throughout the city -.ind suburbs, and also out of town. The individual members of the copart- nership are Messrs. (reorge S. Whitbeck, a native of Mount W:ushiugton, Berkshire county, this State, and Fred. C. Shearn, a native of the island of Jer- sey, in the English Channel, but a resident of the United St.ates since childhood. 300 T O WN O F N O R THA MP TO N. BeUlillg' Bros. & Co., Silk Manufacturers, Hawley Street. — in the inaiuifae'ture of silk goods tlie best talent and the utmost energy and ingenuity are required to keej> pace with the exacting and capricious demands of fashion, but Araerictm native enterprise is equal to the emer- gency, and we can now furnish silk in its varied forms of as choice quality and excellent design as can be pi-ocured in any other part of the world. A visit to our different silk factories, and notably to those of Messrs. Belding Bros. & Co., is instructive and entertaining, and somewhat surprising. It is now a (]uarler of a century since tlie business oi Messrs. Belding Bros. & Co. w;is founded at Kock- ville. Conn., and in July, 1882, the proprietary was incorporated as a company, with a capital of $().5(),- 000, under the laws of (.'onnecticut. Since then the company lias made a popular name for itself and its manufactures, not only in every section of the American continent, but in all the leading markets of the world. The presiilcnt and treasurer of the company is Mr. M. M. Be'.ding, and the secretary, Mr. A. N. Belding, resides at Kookville, ( 'onn. The main office of the company is in New York. The company operate live mills, and these are located at Rockville, Conn., Nortliampton, Mass., Montreal, Canada, San Francisco, Cal., and at Belding, Midi., and their principal salesrooms are in Cincinnati, New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Bos- ton, San Francisco, and Montreal. Our purpose in this review is to speak with special reference to the company's concern in Kortliampton, where is manu- factured a general line of sewing-silk, machine twist, silk fabrics, silk hosiery for ladies' wear, etc. This concern, which is under the management of Mr. E. F. Crooks, who has been connected with the firm for the past si-x years, comprises two four-story and one one-story brick building.s, all of large dimen- sioiKs. They are located near the Connecticut River railroad, andthe New Haven andNorthamptonrail- road, and are equijiped with the best mechanical ap- pliances, including one iiunut of this concern alone is one of vast volume, when it is taken into account that the company's other four mills are also daily turning out immense quantities of goods, some itlea may be gained of the e.'ctent of the operations of this remarkably successful com- pany, whose manufactures are everywnere appreci- ated for their uniform worth, the amount of raw material consumed in a day by the five mills aggre- g.iting nearly a ton. The manufactures of the com- pany at Rockville are machine twist and sewing- silk of ;ill colors; at Montreal, machine twist, sew- ing-silk, and ribbons, and at San Francisco and Belding, Mich., machine twist and sewing-silk. The company has the best of facilities for supplying orders, and its producis rank high in the markets of the world. As a striking example of the inex- haustible enterpri.se and farsightedness of this world-renowned concern, we would mention the fact that the company became dissatisfied with the town facilities for obtaining water in requisite abundance and virgin purity, and are at present engaged in sinking an artesian well on their premises, lielieving that tlie additional purity in water from such a source would in a degree, at least, enhance the value of their goods (which, bv the way, is much like endeavoring to refine fine gold), and although the well-drivers have already reached a depth in tlie bowels of the earth of more than three thousand feet, being a greater depth than that attained by any previous etlort of a simi- lar nature in the history of the country, this firm are undeterred in their efibrts to benefit tlieirtrade, and have resolved to secure the object of their search, although the outlay in this project has already sunk $2-5,000 in hard cash. This exhibi- tion of business tact and li!.«ral economy is cer- tainly without parallel in the annals of trade in this or any other country. The Damon Narrow Fabric Company, Manufacturers of Cotton Tapes. — Prominent among the flourishing industrial concerns contributing to the sum of business activity of this city is the Damon Narrow Fabric Company, manufacturers of cotton tapes, whose products are in steady and ex- tensive demand all over the United States, owing to the uniformly high standard of excellence they have alv/ays maintained. This prosperous enter- I)rise was started in 18S1, when the company was duly incorporated under the laws of the State with a capital stock of !}i3."i,000, the offices of president and treasurer now being filled by C. P. Damon and E. O. Damon respectively. Tlie factory, which is situated on the Connecticut River railroad, and also on the New Haven and Northampton railroar" is a four-story, 50x50 brick structure with a fram^ building 80x25 feet in dimensions, all completely equipped with heavy steam-power, and the most improved machinery and appliances, and employ- ment is afforded to upward of fifty expert hands. Narrow tapes, white and colored, of every descrip- tion are manufactured, and the average daily pro- duction reaches over sixty thousand yards, these goods finding ready market throughout the country. The president was born in St. Louis, and the treasui-er is a native of Northampton. 31. li. & M. \V. Graves, Proprietors R. R. Steam Mills, and Dealers in (train, Meal, Flour, Feed, and Baled Hay, corner of Main and Market Streets. — The leading establishment engaged in the flour and grain trude in this city is that carried on by Messrs. M. L. iV M. W. (haves. The business was started in 1805 by Messrs. Thayer, Sargent & Co., the Messrs. (iraves succeeding to the management in 1875. The mills are situated on the Connecticut River railn lad, and consist of two buildings, one two stories in heiglit, being 120x40 feet, the other four .stories, 30x40 feet in dimensions. The mills are equipped with three sets of grinding stones, which are set in operation by steam power, supplied by a twenty-five-horse jiower engine and boiler, and have a grinding capacity of one thousand bushels per day. The firm use the mills for grinding feed only. Messrs. (Graves are heavy dealers in Pillsbury's best XXXX Minneapolis flour. They carry a very large stock of flour, feed, grain, meal, and baled hay em- plo3'ment being given to eiglit hands. The Messrs. Graves are both natives of Massachusetts, their birthplacL' being North Levcrett. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 301 The Norwood, (ieorge W. Forbes, Proprie- tor. — Tlie Norwood, wlikli is in all respects a tirst-chiss establishment and the liotel par excel- lence of Northampton, was opened April 19th, of the present year, and bounded at once into public favor and prosperity. The building is a handsome three-story lUUxSO-fuot frame structnre, admirably situated on a site 25Uxr.2tl feet in dimensions, and with elegant and attractive surroundings, and con- tains forty rooms, well ventilated, lighted, heated, and equipped, the dining-room having a capacity to seat one hundred and twenty guests at one time. It is conveniently located to all lines of travel con- verging in the city, a free cab being run to and from the depots on the arrival and departure of trains, and the service and attention are excellent in every respect, some (ifteen in }ielp being regularly employed. The house is beautifully furnished and appointed, and is supplied with all modern im- provements and appliances, including electric bells and returning call bells, speaking tubes, telephone, bath-rooms on every floor, and superior sanitary arrangements, and is lighted by gas and heated by steam. There are also at hand a ■well-kept billiard parlor, salesmen's sample-room, ladies' parlor, read- ing and writing rooms, barber shop, and a well- stocked bar, with a lirst-class livery stable connected — in short, everything that is to be found in a lead- ing hotel. The cuisine is the very best the market affords, every toothsome edible, and table luxury, with every delicacy in season, being provided, while the liquid refreshments include the choice^t brands, the rates (two dollars and fifty cents and three dollars, with special terms to commercial men and professionals), too, being extremely moderate, con- sidering the superior accommodations and excel- lent fare. Mr. Forbes, who isanativeof (ireenfield, Mass., is a gentleman of courteous and pleasing manners. Already plans are being perfected for an addition to the building, giving forty more rooms, which it is the intention to have in order for the public by May of the coming year, several suits of rooms being already engaged for the entire sea- son by families from New York and other cities, having been attracted by the comforts of the house and the many pleasant drives in the vicinity of the town. E. C. Davis, Civil Engineer, McCallnm's Block, Main Street. — This gentleman, who is a native of Buckland, Franklin county, Mass., estab- lished his business here in 11S70, and has built up a fine reputation and a large demand for his valuable services, having addressed himself persistently to the study and practice of his profession ever since. He has filled the responsible position of city engi- neer of Northampton since 1883, and has given general satisfaction in that capacity. He occupies two fine large oflices each 25x20 feet in dimensions, and employs two skilled assistants and is carrying on a large business performing work in any part of New England. Among the many prominent works that have been built under the supervision of Mr. Davis may be mentioned the iron bridge at Kenne- bunk. Me., the pitcher iron bridge at Huntington, Mass., and the "village bridge" at the same place; the Leeds iron bridge at Leeds, JLa.ss., the Holyoke city water-works, etc., and he is now superintending the erection of the new granite building that is to be used as a court-hou.se for Northampton, which is entirely fire-proof. When completed it will be three stories in height, and will be 104x70 feet in dimensions. Mr. Davis has also had charge of important State work, sueli as repairing the damage done by the great New river flood in 1874, etc. In everything undertaken by him he has proved him- sels efficient and trustworthy. Hampsliire Savings Bank, No. 112 Main Street. — Among the best conducted and most prosperous financial establishments in the t'onniionwealth of Massachusetts to-day may be mentioned the excellent institution whose nanie stands at the head of this sketch, and which since its organization, nearly eighteen years ago, has maintained a career of iminterrnpted success. The bank was duly incorporated mider the laws of the State, May IStli, isti'.), the otticers being the same who now fill the positions with so much satisfaction to all interested, viz.: Mr. Luther Bodman, president, and Mr. Le%vis Warner, treas- urer, the present vice-presidents being Messrs. Josephus Crafts, Ansel Wright, Webster Herrick, and Hiram Nash. Judicious investments, fore- sight, and integrity, coupled with sound business principles, all have contributed to render the ad- mirable showing, as furnished by the last yearly statement, attesting the excellent condition of the bank's affairs. Tlie following figures speak elo- quently for themselves (August, of present year) : Deposits, $726,000 ; guaranty fund, $13,825; undi- vided profits, $10,280, and open accounts, $2,115 — this creditable exhibit placing the institution and its officers and trustees far beyond the requirements of any meed of praise these pages coidd bestow. The trustees are as follows : H. A. Longley, O. S. Clark, J. H. Demond, James Dnnlap, M. W. Jack- son, W. H. Dickinson, W. A. Nash, E. A. Edwards. II. A. Kimball, and H. P. Billings, all gentlemen jirominent in business and social circles ; the popu- lar and eflicient president and treasurer, Messrs. Bodman and Warner, being also president and cashier respectively of the Hami)shire County National Bank. An exceedingly tine business is transacted, the bank hours being from nine A. JI. to three P. M., interest on deposits being allowed from the 15th of February, May, August, and No- vember respectively, and dividends are declared semi-annually on the 15th of May and November. The offices of the bank are in the rooms of the Hampshire County National Bank, thereby making the saving in rent of a special building an import- ant item to depositors. J. A. Sullivan, Flour, Meal, Grain, Feed, Hay and Straw, Fertilizers, Seeds, Agricultur-al Implements, etc.. Main Street. — Mr. Sullivan is a native of Connecticut, and lias for the last twelve years made his home in this town. In 1876 he established himself in his present business, and has a high reputation and an enviably large trade. His office and salesroom, opposite the New Haven and Northampton railroad, cover an area of lOOx 50 feet. Mr. Sullivan carries a very extensive stock of tlie best flour, meal, grain, feed, hay, and straw, fertilizers, seeds, agricultural implements, lime, cement, and kerosene oil. He is also an ex- tensive manufacturer of drain and sewer Jiipe of all kinds. His yards and manufactory are located on the Connecticut River railroad, and cover a space of 100x50 feet. He employs six hands, and his trade extends to all parts of New England. 302 TO IVN UF NOK Til AMP TON. The Crystal Emery Wheel Company, Miinul'acturers of I'atent .Solid Kincj-y and t'oFun- diiiu Wheels, Ilawley Street. — This C'onipany is do- ing a very considerable business, and its trade is increasing year by year. It was incorporated in 1879, with a capital of $20,U00, and it is equipped with the best of facilities fur the manufacture of superior solid emery and corundum wheels, emery grinding machinery of all kinds, etc. The presi- dent of the company is Mr. J. Mulligan, who is a resident of Springfield, Mass., and also president of the Connecticut Railroad Company. The treasurer and manager, Mr. Charles E. Stevens, is a native of Maine and a resident of Northampton. The factory is a two-story frame structure, 25x50 feet in dimensions. It is equipped with tlie best ma- chinery, which is operated by a forty-horse-power engine and boiler, and employment is furnished to ten lumds. The company have recently eflected great improvements in their products, and they are now sending out emery wheels that cannot be ex- celled in strength, durability, and cutting qualities. Their cementing materials are so perfectly adjusted in their proportions that they can produce wheels in any grade or q\iantily that may be desired, of the most uniform texture, and give them the proper temper to produce the very best results for all classes of work for which emery wheels are used. The company are the manufacturers of the "House- hold" patent emery wheel knife sharpener, an article iudisiiensable to the peace and comfort of every housekeeper. This invention is intended to meet the demand for a simple and inexpensive arti- cle for sharpening knives, scissors, and other cutting implements. It is fastened to a table or shelf by simply turning a tlnunb-screw. The wheel has a cast-iron centre, with a rim of solid emery, mak- ing it six inches in diameter and one acro.^s the face; should be used without water and kept dry and will last a long time. It is always in order and ready for use, does its work quickly and effect- ively, and can be operated by any one. It is gold for one dollar and a quarter without, and for one dollar and a half with, adjustable table and guide for sharpening scissors. Northampton Institution for Sav- ing's.— Popular favor leans toward old and well- known concerns, such as the excellent and reliable institution whose name stands at the head of this sketch, ami which, since its inception, forty-four years ago, has maintained a record of steady "prog- ress and is to-day, by common consent, among the most stable and best conducted financial establish- ments in this city or county. The bank was duly incorporated under the Liws of the State in the year 1.S42, and its gratifying condition to-day, as attested by the subjoined statement, is a high trib- ute to the sound judgment, business ability, and in- tegrity of those intrusted with its management. November 1st, 1S86, total amount of deposits, $2,118,372.28; guaranty fund, »!75,500, and undi- vided profits, $22,992.04, and premiums on its secu- rities, some $1,120,000, with open accounts some 15,800, these figures speaking in the most eloquent manner of the stability and reliability of this popu- lar bank. The building, erected in 1S77, is a hand- some two-story 30x50 brick structure, with free- stone trinnnings, and the offices, which are spacious and commodious, are elegantly fitted up in ash, the committee-room being particularly attractive. The bank hours are from nine A. M. to three P. M., and a very tine business is transacted, drafts for amounts of one pound and upward on England, Ireland, and other J^uropean countries being sold. The officers and trustees are as follows: H. G. Knight, president; M. M. French, vice-president; T. G. Spaiilding, secretary ; L. Maltby, treasursr ; Oscar Edwards, J. \i. Warriner, F. II. Dawes, S. M.Cook, H. K. Hinckley, Merritt Clark, J. S. Lathrop, E. A. Thomas, Wm. E. Thayer, Geo. P. Dickinson, Geo. W. Hubbard, L. B. Williams, and Benj. E. Cook, Jr., trustees, all gentlemen prominent in commercial and professional life. Interest is al- lowed on deposits from one to one thousand dollars, and is due and payable on and after the first Wednesdays of April and C)ctober in each year. Quarters begin on the first Wednesdays of January, April, July, and October. Schweppe & Ening-er, Manufacturers of Ladies' Bags, Pocket-Books, and all kinds of Leather Goods. — These gentlemen, with ample experience, started in business with the purpose of achieving success if energy, honesty, and determination could achieve that end. They occupy tine, large quarters, and are carrying on a fine business as manufacturers of ladies' bags, pocket-books, card-cases, bill-books, and every description of hand-bags. These goods are all of very superior make and are the most salable goods in the market. Three hands are em- ployed in the factory, and a salesman is kept upon the road introducing the fine goods manufactured by this house. The trade already extends to all parts of New York and Massachusetts, and is con- stantly widening its territory. Both members of the firm, Messrs. Fred. Schweppe and Charles En- inger, are practically acquainted with the details of their business. Mr. Schweppe is a native of Ger- many, while Mr. Eninger claims Couuecticut as his birthplace. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 303 The Hampshire County National Sank. — As in other features of progress in whicli public confidence is an indispensable element, so with the bank, whose standing is determined as ranch by the measure of popular favor rei)Osed in those intrusted with its management as by the business ability and integrity of the officers and di- rectors. Jiike other business enterprises, too, long and continuous existence is the best criterion in this important line, and in this connection it is a genuine pleasure to refer to the well and favorably known Hampshire County National Hank, of this town, which is by common consent one of the most stable and reliable financial institutions in this sec- tion of the State, and which, since its inception, has always maintained a record of steady progress and prosperity. The bank was incorporated May 21st, 18U4, with a capital of §2o0,00(), and its hand- some exhibit now of $50,000 surplus and §12,000 undivided profits, with upward of §>HOI),000 de- posits, abundantly attests the e.xcellence of the management, as well as the vigilance and faithful- ness of the officers and directors. The bank build- ing is a three-story 25.'c()5 feet iron structure, which was erected in 1874 at a cost of $20,000, with handsome and commodious offices and ap- pointments, the Importers' and Traders' National Bank, New York, and the Maverick National Bank, Boston, being corres))ondents of this deser- vedly popular institution. Banking hours are from nine A. M. to three P. M-, and discounts are made daily. A liberal dividend is yearly declared, as higli as ten per cent, in former ye.irs, and as an lui- questionable argument in its favor the bank points with pride to the fact that on no occasion has the payment of a dividend been omitted. The officers are Mr. Luther Bodman, president, and Mr. Lewis Warner, cashier, natives respectively of Williams- burgh and Springfield, this State, both gentlemen of inflexible integrity and of e.xcellent standing in the community, of which no better testimony could be offered than the fact that Mr. Bodman has tilled the position of president since the organi- zation of the bank, and Mr. Warner, the efficient cashier, has been connected with the institution since 1805. The Board of Directors is composed of Messrs. Luther Bodman, Josephus Crafts, Merritt Clark, M. W. Jackson, Lewis Warner, W. H. Dickinson, and Hiram Nash. A. H. Stocker & Co., Hatters and Gents' I Furnishers, Trunks, Bags, Umbrellas, and Canes, Furs, Robes, and Blankets, No. 96 Main Street. — This firm is well known as extensive dealers in gentlemen's furnishing goods, trunks, bags, furs, etc., and has been established here for a period of six: years. The proprietor, Mr. A. H. Stocker, is a native of Cambridge, Mass., born in 1849, and is an ex|ierienced and thoroughly competent business manager. His store is 75x25 feet in size. The place is fitted up in first-class style, the fixtures being attractive andthecTitire fittings in good taste. The stock is large and comiirehensive in every de- partment, embracing the latest styles and most approved patterns, and includes a full variety of gen- tlemen's furnishing goods, hats and caps, trunks, bags, umbrellas and canes, furs, robes, and blankets. Tliese goods are oflered at [trices that are exceed- ingly low. Two clerks are employed in the store, and Mr. Stocker'treats all his customers fairly and honorablv. WUliam F. Pratt & Son, Architects, No. 105 Main Street. — Special mention should here be made of Messrs. William F. Pratt tk Son, archi- tects, this city, than whom none in this line in Op around Northampton have been more fortunate i establishing and maintaining a deservedly high reputation, as none receive a larger measure of merited recognition. Mr. Pratt, the elder, started in business on his own account, designing and draughting, in 1835, and continued in this special department exclusively until 1870, when he added the construction trade also, and in which he has been equally successful, having since built many notable structures all over the county. In 1882 he admitted into partnership his son, William F. Pratt, thus constituting the widely known and prosperous firm whose name stands at the head of this sketch, and who have since conducted the Ijusincss with uninterrupted success. Messrs. Pratt are natives of this city and tliorough masters of their art. Among the noteworthy buildings de- signed and erected by them may be named the following few selected: Thompson Sanitarium, Northampton; Norwood Hotel, Smith Charities (Portland brownstone), Connecticut River railroad passenger depot. New Haven, Conn.; Northampton ])assengcr Main Street. — The business of this house was inaugurated in 1876 by Messrs. Wakefield & Warnock, Messrs. Fearing & Everett succeeding to the management in 1882, The store occupied, the " Boston Store," as it is named, is 80x25 feet in size, and is fitted up and furnished in a superior manner, possessing every convenience for the comfort and accommodation of customers, a noticeable feature being the employment of the Larason cash-carrier system. The stock carried is very large and well-varied, embracing an immense assortment of dry goods, notions, carpets, and fancy goods of all kinds. The house makes a specialty of low prices, and cannot be excelled for cheapness. On the second floor of the establishment is the cloak room, in which department is displayed a fine assortment of stylish cloaks, sacques, and ulsters, which are oft'ered at popular prices. Eight hands are employed, and every ett'ort is made to satisfy the trade in every essential particular, and nothing is allowed to leave the establishment which is not first-class in every respect. The members of the firm, Messrs. A. (i. Fearing and F. O. Everett, are both natives of Massachusetts, the former having been born at Wareham, and the latter at Sherborn. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND A/ERC/iANTS. 305 "Willistott Tyiills. — About a mile «ast from i pecially adapted for the production of fine yarns, the centre of the village of Easthamptoti are loca- for threads, for warps, and for fillings. At the ted the WiUreton Mills with the plea;sant homes of the employees — known in the vicinity as the " new city" — Jiigem in the beautiful scenery of the valley present time they are doing a good deal on "combed hosiery," made from selected long staple cotton. They have also a department for the manufacture of the Connecticut. This enterprise was started by the Hon. Samuel Williston in 18-19, when the first mill was built. In 1866 a second mill was built and the business was incorporated under the pres- of cotton harvest cord, and a department where the waste is utilized in making carpet filling, etc. The present officers are Henry D. Hyde, of Boston, president; F. W. Pitcher, treasurer ; I. H. Kussell, ent name. The mills run something over thirty- one thousand spindles, with all the accompaniments of .% first-class cotton yarn mill, f 'onsiderable new machinery with the latest improvements has been added in the last two years. These mills are es- resident director, and Henry C. Morse and G. Henry Whitcomb, directors; A. E. Abbott, p.ny- master. The mills are running full. Their list of regular customers is constantly increasing, with promise of continuous good business. 300 TOWN OF EASTHAMPTON. "Valley Machine Company, Munufacturers of Steam and I'ower I'umps. — Kastliamptou is known as tlie seat of the manufacture of steam and power pumps. Tliis great industry is conducted upon an extensive scale here by the Valley Ma- chine Company, one of the most progressive and representative houses iu its line in the country. The business was established here in 1S(J9 by Mr. J. Mayher, the present proprietor. The works are very extensive, comprisinj^ a foundry and machine shop of brick, two and three stories hiyh and 100 xl25 feet in .size, which are equipped with all modern tools, machinery, and ai)pliances known to the trade. Much of the machinery, which has gained an excellent rejiutat ion for this house, was desig'ied by the proprietor and is peculiarly adapted for the pnrposes to whicli it is applied. The com- pany manufactures single, duplex, and compound steam pumps, including the bucket-plunger steam pump, the Acme steam pump, the steam valve mo- tion to which is considered to be the most simple and effective ever produced, the complications and verynice adjustments usually found indirect acting steam-pumps being almost entirely avoided; also the Valley steam-pump, for feeding boilers or forc- ing water against heavy pressure, and arranged for either hot or cold water; also several sizes of fire- pumjjs, which can be run at a liigh rate of speed, the greatest care having been exercised in their manufacture; also double-acting power pumps, having steel piston rods and composition water valves and valve shells. The pumps manufactured by this company took the first preminm at the American Jn.stitute Fair in Kew York, in 1870 and 1871 ; also at Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' Association Fair in Koston, in 1874, and at the Centennial in Philadelphia, 1876, besides at nu- merous State and county fairs throughout tlie ITnitcd States. They are absolutely unrivaled for design, quality, durability, and general efficiency, and are the embodiments of mechanical workman- ship of the highest order of perfection. It is appa- rent to all who examine them that the greatest care and the scientific researches of years have been ex- ercised to bring these steam pumps to their present point of perfection, as they are thoroughly ada|)ted for all kinds of service, and numerous testimonials bear evidence, from eminent firms and corporations, to their high character and efliciency, the unani- mous verdict being that they stand without a peer wherever they are used. Forty to fifty skilled hands are employed in the various departments of tlie business, and the output goes to all parts of the United States, while a heavy export trade is car- ried on through the New York house. Mr. May- her is a native of Albany, N. Y., of high reputa- tion and standing as a manufacturer and business man, and is justly deserving of the great success which he has attained. Kastlianipton Rubber Thread Com- pany, Manufacturers of Rubber Thread, Payson Street, Easthampton, Mass., C. Meyer, President; E. Thomas Sawyer, Treasurer. — American manu- facturers are unrivaled by those of any other country in the production of rubber goods, and their scries of inventions in dealing with this u.se- ful substance are among the most valuable in the present century. A prominent and progressive bouse in Massachusetts engaged in the manufacture of rubber thread is the representative Easthampton Rubber Thread Company. This company was originally incorporated in 1S64, with a paid-up capital of $200,000, since which jieriod it has ob- tained a permanent and inlluential pationage in all sections of the country. The officers of the com- pany are IMessrs. C. Meyer, president, and E. Thomas Sawyer, treasurer, both of whom are thor- oughly practical men, fully conversant with every detail of the rubber manufacture. The works are spacious and are fully supplied with the latest improved apparatus and machinery, -nhich are driven by a superior one-hundred-and-lil'ty-horse power steam engine. Seventy experienced ojiera- tives are employed, and the outi>ut of the works amounts to ujiward of one ton daily. The facilities of the Easthampton Rubber Thread Com];any have expanded greatly since its inception, and are now such as can only ajjply to those firms thor- oughly understanding the business, which are en- terprising enough to take advantage of every appli- ance and all the latest inventions, whereby all orders may be jiromptly filled and with perfect satisfaction to the trade. Williston & Knight Company, Manu- facturers of Covered Buttons, etc.. Factory, Union Street, Easthampton, Mass., H. (i. Knight, Presi- dent and Treasurer; H. L. Clark, Secretary. — Thirty years ago this great industry had scarcely begun to exist in the Ignited States. Previous to this period nearly all the buttons sold in the Ameri- can market were imported from Europe, but now buttons of all descriptions are produced here supe- rior to the famous productions of foreign makers. A prominent and reliable house engaged in the production of covered buttons in Fjasthampton is that of the Williston & Knight Company, whose factory is located on I'nion street. This business was incorporated in 1800, with a cash capital of ?il50,000. The factory is a spacious four-story brick building with basement 34xl.".5feet in dimeti- sions, fully supjilied with all modern appliances and machinery, which are operated by a superior fifty-horse power steam engine and water power. Two hundred to two hiuidred and fifty operatives are employed, and the daily out])ut of the factory is three thousand gross of covered buttons suitable for ladies' and gentlemen's garments. These but- tons are general favorites wherever introduced, and are absolutely unsurpassed for quality, finish, style, and excellence. The officers of the company are Messrs. H. Ci. Knight, president and treasurer, and H. L. Clark, secretary, both of whom are thor- ouglily practical men, fidly conversant with the designing and ornamentation of the finer class of buttons. The business of this representative house extends all over the United States aiv:l Canada, and is rapidly increasing, owing to the superiority of its beautiful and stylish buttons. Roth Messrs. Knight and Clark, the officers, are highly esteemed in mer- cantile life for their business ability and integrity. We can assure those who require first-class buttons that at this establishment they will be satisfied in every particular, both in workmanship and good taste, as well as with the low prices, which cannot but result in permanent and satisfactory relations. The warerooms of the Williston & Knight Com- pany in New Y'ork are situated at Nos. 10 and 12 Greene street, in charge of Messrs. William H. Chapman and Frank P. Tenney, who are both directors in the company. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 307 Florence Mamifactiiring' Company, Brushes, Mirrors, Toilet iSets, etc. — The represen- tative establishment of Kew England in the manufacture of brushes, mirrors, toilet sets, ^^■^m " '^'''•' I'oth in the matter of ^^jp» quality and quantity, as rc- I J' j^ ffards the perfectly finished ■^ -/llflk kinds of the same, is that of /iflXNrlj ' '''^ Florence Manufacturing ■ffjIJril^I' Company, of Florence, who lllllV^ J i manufacturesomeof the finest lUaI W goods in their line put on the '^ jA\m 3^^ market. The business was ^^^ffjll^ ^S originated in 1857 under the llrN'' ' '' firm stvleofLittlefield, Parson W^ ^ \ & Co., and in 1S65 the Flor- /^ .rf'Tk^a enoe Manufacturing Company was incorporated with a capi- tal of $100,000 for the purpose of enlarging and controlling it. The president is Mr. D. CJ. Littletieid, who is a native of Khode Island ; the treasurer, Mr. Frank N. Look, was born in Leominster, and the super- intendent, Mr. A. C. Ester- brook, was born at Hoosac Falls, N. Y. The plant com- prises two buildings, one of which is three stories high and 120x40 feet in dimen- sions, and the other two stories high and 40x100 feet in mea- surement. The mechanical eciuipments are of the latest improved character and the best that skill can devise and capital secure. The machin- ery is operated by botli water and steam power. Ninety-five skilled operatives are employed in the fiictories and sixty others outside. The company manufacture tooth, cloth, and hair brushes of every description, both plain and fancy, mirrors of all kinds, toilet sets in great variety, and also Scott's well-known electric lirushes. The business relations of the concern are of a very extensive character, and their products are shipped to every section of the United States and exjiorted to Canada, Australia, etc. These goods are acknowl- edged to be of unparalleled excellence of quality and finish, and wherever introduced meet with a ready sale. Tlie company have an ofhce and well- appointed salesroom at Nos. 23 and 25 Greene street, New York, and in Chicago at 1S5 and 1S7 Dearborn street. Having excellent facilities for tlie prompt fulfillment of orders, the company are in a position to ofi'er inducements to the trade second to none of their contemporaries, while liberality and fair deal- ing will be found to characterize all tran.sactions. A very practical novelty has been recently added to the already large line of useful articles manufac- tured by this enterprising concern, which consists of a dental plate brush for the eflectual and rapid cleansing of sets of fiilse teeth, a desideratum long required and sought for but never before realized. By means of the tuft of extra stifTunbleaclied bris- tles (see illustrated cut) any artificial denture can be perfectly cleansed. The clearing space allows the free use of the brush around the plate and teeth, entirely removing the old trouble of breaking down of bristles, permitting, as well, the simultaneous cleansing of the two sides of the plate and teeth. The dental profession cordially indorse this useful invention. B. M. Couch, Builder of Paper Machinery, Basket Machinery, Wood and Iron Workers' Ma- chinery, etc. — The house of Mr. B. M. Couch has a national reputation as a builder of paper machin- ery, basket machinery, wood and iron workers' machinery, including rag engines, rag dusters, rag cutters, pumps, calenders, trimming presses, stamps, tape shuttles, etc., making a specialty of water wheels, shafting and gearing to order, and acting as agent for the Victor turbine and the Eclipse double turbine water wheels, also maker of Couch's Motor for church organs and light machinery. This house was founded in 1869 by Mr. Couch, a thoroughly qualified mechanic, and fully conversant with every detail of the busi- ness and the requirements of the trade. The prem- ises occupied as a manufacturing ]ilant comprise a two-story machine shop, built of brick, a brick foundry, and other buildings, the whole covering an area of 50x120 feet and thoroughly equipped with every convenience and appliance for the business, operated by a thirty-five-hor.se power engine, and affording constant employment to forty skilled hands. The Victor turbine has been thorouglily tested by James Emerson in his testing flume at Holyoke, Mass., and its remarkable results have commanded the attention of all who desire to obtain at the least cost the largest amount of power from a limited quantity of water. The Eclipse double turbine, sold by Mr. Couch, is a simple, durable, and cheap wheel, and is extensively used throughout the country. The specifil machinery made by Mr. Couch is considered the most perfect in the market, and a large and permanent denuind has been created for it which comes from all parts of the Ihiited States and Canada. Prices are placed at a figure that is universally satisfactory. 308 TOiVN OF NORTHAMPTON. Northampton National Bank, No. 99 MainStreet. — The Nortliampton National Bank was originally incorporated under the laws of Massachu- setts as the "Northampton Bank," April 13th, 1S33, with a capital of $100,000, which was increased four years subsequently to $200,000, and as such it was conducted up to 1865, when it was reorganized under the national banking act as at present; its excellent condition now, with a capital stock of $400,000 and the handsome exhibit of $250,000 surplus and ^19,000 undivided profits, placing it at once among the leading financial institutions in this section of the State. The bank, which is the oldest in the city, has always occupied the present site, although the building was remodeled and its handsome brownstone front put on in 18G6, and its first president was Eliphalet Williams, and its first cashier J. D. Whitney. Another notable incident connected with the bank was the memorable " Northampton Bank robbery," January 20th, 1870, by which bonds, certificates, and other securities and moneys amounting to upward of ii500,000 were stolen, but of wliich the greater part was subse- quently recovered, this being one of the most ex- tensive bank burglaries in the history of the country. The building is a substantial 25xG0 feet three-story brownstone front structure, with spacious and fine "offices and excellent equipments, and the First National Bank, of New York, and the Boston Globe National are the correspondents in these cities, banking hours being from nine A. M. to three p. M. The officers are Oscar Edwards, president (who has filled the position with eminent satisfac- tion for over twelve years') ; J. L. Warriner, vice- president, and John Whittlesey, cashier. The board of directors is composed of Messrs. Oscar Edwards, L. B. Williams, George W. Hubbard, H. R. Hinckley, J. L. Warriner, William Skinner, John L. Otis, Frank N. Look, and Charles N. Clark, all gentlemen of sterling integrity and among the leading bvisiness men and most prominent citi- zens of Northampton. Glendale Elastic Fabrics Company, Manufacturers of Elastic Goring, Cords, Braids, Sus- pender and Narrow Webs, Easthampton. — For the best part of fifty years New England has led the trade of the United States in connection with the manu- facture of every description of textile fabrics, and during that period the business in all its branches has assumed proportions that can only be described as colossal. An interesting and important branch of this industry is that carried on in Easthampton by the Glendale Elastic Fabrics Company, who are widely and prominently known as manufacturers of elastic goring, cords, braids, suspender and narrow webs, and all textile rubber fabrics used for garters, suspenders, shoes, braids, etc., of all widths. This company was incorporated in 1863, present capi- tal, $200,000, and is officered as follows: S. T. Seelye, president; Jos. AV. Green, Jr., treasurer and manager. The premises occupied for manufactur- ing purposes are spacious and convenient, Mill No. 1 being a four-storv brick, 100x50 feet in dimen- sions; Mill No. 2, "110x50, five stories; Mill No. 3, 110x50, four stories; warehouse building, 80x 40, three stories; rubber thread building, 80x 40, two stories, thoroughly equipped with modern machinery and mechanical appliances operated by steam, with water-power auxiliary, and employ- ment being furnished to three hundred and fifty hands. The goods manufactured by this company are widely celebrated for their firmness of texture, substantial durability, and general excellence, and are sold throughout the entire United States, llie demand steadily increasing with each succeeding year and driving the factory to its utmost capacity. It is unnecessary for us to state what reputation the company has acquired for enterprise, ability, and commercial honor; it is too high and widely dis- seminated to need any comment from us. We would, however, coun.sel the trade to investigate the advantages and inducements offered by the Glen- dale Company before closing contracts elsewhere. The president. Dr. Seelye, is a native of Connecti- cut; Mr. (jreen, the treasurer, was born in Marble- liead, Mass., and his business training has been first in Boston, then in manufacturing at Easthampton. Both are gentlemen of large experience in financial and mercantile life, and eminently popular with the business public. Nashawannuck Manufacturing Com- Jian.v, Manufacturers of Suspenders, Elastic Frills, and Webs. — In the progress of this review of the variousindustriesof the thriving town of Easthamp- ton, special attention is directed to the extensive manufactory of the Nashawannuck Manufacturing Company, who are known the country over as large manufacturers of suspenders, elastic frills, and webs. This company was incorporated in 1850, has a capital of $300,000, and is officered as follows, viz. : President, C. Meyers; treasurer, G. H. New- man; agent, G. II. Leonard. The manufacturing plant is one of the most extensive in this section of the State, and comprises a four-story brick building as the main factory 310x34 feet, with a finishing mill of brick three stories high, 120x50 feet in size, possessing the capacity of producing one hundred thousand yards per year, operating two hundred looms, and giving employment to five hundred hands. There are six buildings altogether on the premises, and all are equipped with every me- chanical appliance and facility for the production of these goods upon the largest scale. Having special facilities for production in every department of the business, besides confining themselves to the manufacture of a superior order of goods, this com- pany is in aposition togive to the trade exceptional advantages, to which fact the development of the business to its present immense proportions is largely due. The trade extends throughout all the United States and Canadas. The offices of the comi)any in New York are at Nos. 74 and 76 Worth street. The management of the affairs of the com- pany is placed in experienced and eminently trust- worthy hands, all of the officers being gentlemen of ability and worth and of high commercial standing. Hill Brothers, Manufacturers of Buttons and Tassel Molds, Williamsburgh, Mass. — Twenty odd years of continuous and prosperous ex- istence is the record that marks the history of the well-known firm of Hill Brothers, manu- facturers of suspender buttons and tassel molds, this town, whose capacious and ably conduc- ted factory is located on Main street, and whose products maintain a uniformly high standard of excellence, and as a consequence are in steady and extensive demand all over the country. This flourishing enterprise was originally started in 1861 by II. G. Hill, who conducted it alone up to 1879, LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 309 when he associated with him his two brothers, J. W. and H. W. Hill, thus constituting the popular and prosperous firm whose name heads this sketch, and who have since continued the business with un- interrupted success. The works comprise a three- story frame structure 50x('i0 feet in superficial di- mensions, supplied with steam and water power, and thoroughly equipped with the most improved machinery and appliances, including machines spe- cially devised and constructed for this branch of industry, and employment is afforded to upward of fifteen expert operatives. Messrs. Hill, who are all natives of Williamsburgh, are men of energy and enterprise, and practically conversant with every pha-se and feature of their business. Mansiou House, Northampton, Mass., Rod- ney Brown, Proprietor. — We here refer to the popular hostelry of Northampton, now and for a few years past known as the Mansion House, which history follows back to the earliest Revolutionary times (1777). In the year above mentioned it was conducted as a tavern by Asahel Pomery, who was proprietor thereof until 1807, since which time it has liad several changes of name, been burned and rebuilt at least three times, and finally the present commodious and sightly establishment was erected in 1870 by Messrs. John T. and George C. Fitch, of Hatfield. During the long life of this house it has changed hands nearly a score of times, yet it would be hard to find a more enterprising or satisfactory host among the entire number than the present proprietor, Mr. Rodney Brown, formerly of Boston, and for many years as.sociated with the running of hotels. Since his accession to the management many desirable improvements and innovations have Ijeen inaugurated, and it is now known far and wide by commercial men and the traveling public gen- erally as the most comfortable and homelike hotel in the county. The Mansion is most centrally lo- cated and near the Post-Office, City Hall, etc. ; is a four-story brick structure 100x100 feet in dimen- sions, contains over one hundred sleeping-rooms, witli reception-rooms, parlors, reading and writing rooms on the office floor, all neatly furnished and provided with water, gas, and modern improve- ments. . The table is a feature of the house, the cuisine being presided over by a chef wlio has given years of study to his art. About twenty hands are employed in the several departments. A free carriage is provided for guests to and from all trains, and the terms, two dollars and two dollars and fifty cents, are remarkably low for the accom- modation afforded. A fine, large billiard and wine room is connected with the house, and visitors to this city, especially commercial men, will find it to their comfort and advantage to put up at the Man- sion. Among other conveniences this hotel con- tains a number of especially large, lighted rooms for the display of and sale from samples. H. li. Jaiues, Woolen Manufacturer, Wil- liamsburgh, Mass. — In the manufacture of fancy cassimeres and other woolen specialties, atten- tion is directed to the reliable and progressive house of Mr. H. L. James. This business was established by the present proprietor in 1853. The premises occupied are very commodi- ous, and are fully supplied with all modern appli- ances and machinery known to the trade, and requisite for the successful conduct of the business. Eighty experienced operatives are employed, and the machinery is driven by a superior sixty horse- power steam engine, in connection with water- power from Mill river. Mr. James is thoroughly conversant with every detail of the manufacture of Union fancy cassimeres, and has been quick to see and utilize the latest improved machinery. Up- ward of two hundred thousand yards of these un- surpassed cassimeres are annually produced, and the trade of the house extends all over the United States. It may be justly stated that these goods are unrivaled for quality, uniformity, finish, reliability, and general excellence, and have no superiors in this or any other market. The New York selling agents of this popular house are Martin, Buflum & Co., dry goods commission merchants. No. 46 White street. New York. Mr. James has long been favor- ably known in the trade, and the signal success achieved is a just tribute to his enterprise. BELDINO BROS. & CO., STLK MAITUFACTtJEERS, NORTHAMPTON, MASS. See page 300. TOWN OF WARE. One of the brightest and pleasantest towns in all Hampshire county, whether regarded from a commercial or social standpoint, Ware can hold its own with the best of them. According to some rather musty records, time was when the ground upon which it is built was held of very small value. Standing on this lively and highly improved spot, bristling with evidences of profitable industry, wealth, and intelligence, it is somewhat ludicrous to reflect tliat almost the whole site of tliis town was once sold for " two coppers per acre." Yet such is the alleged fact. For many years after all the country hereabout was well settled the territory now embraced in this town remained unoccupied, "the soil being so hard and rough that it was considered unfit for cultiva- tion." The western jiart of the present town was called " equivalent land," and in the year 1713 was granted by the General Court of Massachusetts to a company of the Connecticut militia in recognition of their services in driving out the Indians. John Keed, of Boston, soon after bought it of this com- pany for "two coppers per acre." Ware was originally formed from parts of Brookfield and Palmer, and previous to its incorporation in the fall of 1761 was known as Ware Kivcr Parish. The first church was organized in 17-57, with Grindall Lawson as its minister. Its name is derived from the many salmon weirs that were early con- structed in its streams. This town is pleasant and fortunate in situation, Ware river and its tributaries furnishing abundant strong water-power, whicli is not allowed to run to waste. In fact, it is to this that the town owes its existence. At this point the river has a fall of seventy feet in a course of as many rods. The country about the town rises into highlands, the scenery has many features of real beauty, and the soil has become kindlier than its ancient wont under the persuasive methods of modern agriculture. Ware is located twenty-seven miles ea,st from the city of Springfield, on the New London, Northern and Ware River railroad, a branch of the Boston and Albany. It is one of the most interesting and prosperous of the group of thriving towns of which it is a member, nor any whit behind them in the number and character of its public improvements and private enterprises. Its people are thoroughly alive to the great advantages they possess, are proud of their town, and leave nothing undone that will in anywise help to keep it attractive, prosperous, and healthy. Schools and churches of the best character abotwid, a High School heading the former, a public library of almost four thousand volumes is free to young and old, two newsy weekly papers record local happenings and events, and no improvement essential to the well-being, comfort, and happiness of an intelligent New England community is here wanting. 310 TOWN OF WARE. 311 The financial demands of the business men of the town are accommodated by the Ware National Bank, whose capital of ?300,000 is augmented by a surplus of $60,000, while the Ware Savings Bank offers every legitimate inducement to the frugally disposed, of whom there are many. TOWN HALL. There is no town in the county the money value of whose manufactures exceeds that of Ware. The nature and extent of these, as well as the condition of its general trade, may be gauged by the data contained in the following sketches of the individual enterprises in which the people of Ware are engaged. 312 TOWN Of IVAHS. The Otis Conil>any, Manufacturers of Otis Checks, Denims, Fine Underwear, Hosiery, etc.; Edwin H. Baker, Resident Agent ; (jeorge E. Tucker, Superintendent. — A review of tlie indus- trial resources of tlie prosperous town of Ware, Mass., discloses an exceptional degree of enterpris- ing activity in all departments of trade. In no branch of manufacture, however, is tiiere a greater amount of energy and ability manifested than in that so ably represented by the old-established and widely known company which forms the subject of the present sketch. Tlie business at present con- ducted by the representative Otis Company was duly incorporated in 1840, with a paid-up capital of $5011,000, increased to 5^800,000 in 1872. Mr. George F. Pabyan is treasurer, Mr. Edwin H. Baker the resident agent. The ( )tis Company manufacture largely Otis checks and denims, fine underwear, and hosiery, which are unsurpassed for finish, quality, reliability, and general excellence by those of any other ftrst-class manufacturers in this country or Europe. For many years we were compelled to look to Great Britain for a supply of these necessary goods, but now, through the energy, skill, and enterprise of manufacturers like the Otis Company, checks, underwear, etc., are produced here equal, if not superior, to the finest productions of foreign manufacturers. The premises occupied comprise eighteen buildings, which are admirably equipped with all the latest improved appliances and machinery, including six hundred and sixty- two looms and thirty-two thousand seven hundred and fifty-two spindles. The maihinery is driven by several splendid turbine wheels of six hundred and tifty-horse power, while one thousand four hundred experienced operatives are employed. Two mills are constantly at work manufacturing checks, denims, etc., and another factory is devoted solely to the production of underwear and hosiery. The trade of the Otis Company extends from Can- ada to Texas and from Maine to California. The growth and prosperity of this progressive company are only commensurate with the energy and ability of its managers, who are sedulously engaged in maintaining the character and quality of their manufactures, and thereby meeting the most exact- ing demands of jobbers and first-class retailers in all sections of the country. The selling agents of the Otis Company are Bliss, Fabyan & Co., Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. The prosperity of the Otis Company presents a forcible illustration of the material benefits arising from a Federal policy aflbrding protection to American in feet in dimensions, arranged with t;;ste, and a heavy and finely assorted stock is constantly carried, in- cluding a general line of dry goods, trimmings, carpets, fancy goods, boots and shoes, household articles, and small wares, also a full assortment of fine family groceries, teas and coffees, spices, canned goods, food products, cereals, delicacie.s, table luxu- ries, staple good.s, crockery, glassware, and kindred articles of every description. Seven active and competent assistants attend to tlie wants of patrons and purchasers, and the services of three delivery wagons are in constant requisition. Mr. Hitchcock, the elder, who is anativeof Briralield, Mass., is one of the old and respected citizens of this town, and is one of the trustees of the Ware Savings Bank. J. B. Sihley, Dealer in Hardware, Tools, Paints, Oils, etc.. Grey's Block. — The flourishing and well-ordered concern of J. B. Sibley, whose popular store is favorably situated in Grey's Block, comprise a store and basement, e:ich 25x50 feet, neatly fitted up, and a large and excellent stock is constantly carried on hand, including a full and line line of general hardware, agricultural imple- ments, mechanics' tools, cutlery, housefurnishing goods, window glass, putty, paints, oils, colors, cordage, and everything that is to be found in a leading establishment of the kind, Mr. Sibley be- ing also agent for " Civelar's honest fertilizers" and "Mitchell's standard fertilizers." Two com- petent and iiulite assistants attend to the wants of ]nirchasers, and, altogether, a very substantial and steadily increasing business is done throughout 'Ware and surroundings. Mr. Sibley is a n.ative of Hardwick, Mass., but a long resident of AVar- ren ; he started in business here in 188.3, and the positive and permanent success that has attended his efforts attests his enterprise. S. A. Cor.ser, Proprietor of Ware Iron Foun- dry, Manufacturer of Iron Sinks, Plow Points, and Machinery Castings.' — Mr. S. A. Corser, proprietor of the Ware Iron Foundry, started this flourishing concern in 1880, and has, by untiring industry, push, and pluck, steadily earned his way to promi- nence and prosperity, enjoying now a large apd sub.stantial measure of merited recognition. The premises occupied comprise a foundry and machine shop, supplied with full steam power and thoroughly equipped with the most improved appliances and appurtenances, some half a dozen skilled work- men being emjiloyed. He manufactures iron sinks, plow points, and machinery castings of every de- scription, his products finding ready market in and around Ware and in Worcester, jobbing work of all kinds also being attended to in the most prompt and satisfactory manner, and altogether a very fine business is done. Mr. Corser is a gentleman past the meridian of life, active and vigorous, and is a n.ative of Vermont, whence he came here some six years ago. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 315 H. A. Smith & Co., Dry Goods, Milli- nery, and Fancy Goods, No. 44 Main Street. — • This business was first established in lS(i9 by Messrs. Parker & Hall, and ('rum tlie date of its inception has always been the recipient of a large and flourishing trade. In 1SS4 the above-named iirm was succeeded by the present Krm. The premises occupied are litted up in a very handsome manner, and supplied with every convenience for the comfort of customers and accommodation for the very large and comprehensive stock constantly on hand, which embraces almost everything in the dry goods, millinery, and fancy goods line, such as cloths, cassimeres, silks, satins, velvets, brocades, plushes, foreign and domestic dress goods, linen for household and personal wear, ginghams, muslins, prints, counterpanes, etc., also fine millinery goods, hats and bonnets of the very latest and most fash- ionable shapes, plumes, tips, feathers, ribbons, and trimmings of every variety. The notion and fancy goods departments are replete with every- thing that can be classified under those headings. The proprietors make a special point of charging no fancy prices for their goods, but mark every- thing down to the lowest point consistent with fair and honorable dealing. Their trade is very large, and extends throughout the surrounding country, which necessitates the employment of several assistants, who are always prompt, polite, and atten- tive to the wants of customers. The individual members of the firm are Mr. H. A. Smith, a native of Boston, and Mr. F. II. Tucker, who was born in Hardwick, Mass. Hampshire House, J. W. Lawton, Pro- prietor. — The "Hampshire," which is in all re- spects the hotel par excellence in Ware, was origin- ally started in liSti? by I). A. Jennison, who con- ducted it up to 188.5, when it passed into the con- trol of mine host Lawton, under whose capable and efficient management the patronage has grown steadily and substantial, the capacity of this de- servedly popular hotel being now frecjuently taxed to accommodate its guests. The house is centrally located on Main street, convenient to all lines of travel converging in the town, and a hack meets every train at the depot and conveys guests to the hotel free. There are thirty-two rooms, well-aired, lighted, and appointed, with dining-room having a seating capacity for forty-two, finely furnished par- lor, reading and writing rooms, etc., and with excel- lent sanitary arrangements, the service also being first-class in every respect, while the cuisine is the very best the markets affords. The rates, too, are extremely moderate, two dollars per day, with spe- cial rates for commercial travelers. Mr. Lawton, who is a native of Ware, is a typical Boniface, and all persons sojourning under the hospitable roof of the well-ordered " Hampshire " will pay testimony to his unremitting attention. J. K. Lawton, Ready-Made Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Gents' Furnishing Goods, Hats, Caps, Trunks, and Bags, Main Street. — This house was founded in 1851 by the present proprietor, and has always been the centre of a first-class trade, which has few, if any, successful rivals. The premises occupied are commodious, centrally located, and are fitted up in a very handsome manner, and supjilied with every convenience for the comfort of custom- ers and to accommodate the large and finely selected stock of goods constantly on hand, which consists of a full and complete line of ready-made clothing for gentlemen, youths, and boys, made of the best materials and in the finest style of work- manshiji, and of the latest and most fashionable styles. He also keeps a full assortment of silk, cassiraere, Derby, soft fur, and felt hats and ca]is of every design and style known to the trade and is in constant receipt of new styles of goods mentioned above. His supply of furnishing goods is replete with all kinds of underwear, shirts, collars, cufl.s, neckwear, hosiery, gloves, canes, umbrellas, etc., and he is also prepared to furnish his patrons with any description of travelers' goods, such as trunks, vtilises, satchels, bags, cabas, etc. All goods are warranted to be as represented, and are sold at the very lowest possible prices. Mr. Lawton is a native of Connecticut, but has resided here for many years. Charles E. Blood, Druggist. — A prominent house engaged in the drug business is that of Mr. Charles E. Blood. This business was founded in 184-5 by William B. Breakenridge, who in 187(5 -^as succeeded by the present proprietor. The premises occupied are very handsomely fitted up, a very elaborate soda-water fountain forming a portion of the equipment. The stock is full and complete and consists of a carefully selected assortment of fresh and pure drugs and chemicals, proprietary medi- cines of well-known merit and reputation, mineral and soda waters, toilet and fancy articles, perfum- ery, druggists' sundries, etc. In the compounding of pliysicians' prescriptions and family recipes all modern appliances to secure accuracy have been provided, and none but the most skillful and experienced assistants are employed. Mr. Blood is a native of Ware, and has held the office of county commissioner and overseer of poor for twelve years, also many other town offices, aud he ftdly merits the success he has attained. TOWN OF AMHERST. Amherst as a town is co-equal in length of years with the independence of our country, as, although set apart by the mother town (Hadley),in the year 1700, it was not incorporated as a town till 1776. It is separated from the Connecticut river by the town of Hadley, and is bounded on its several sides by Sunderland and Leverett, in Franklin county, on the north ; by Shutesbury, in same county, on the east, and also by Pelham and Belchertown, in Hampshire county ; on the south by Granby and South Hadley and west by Hadley. The town contains upward of eighteen thousand acres and nearly five thousand inhabitants. It is on the line of the New London Northern railroad and will be intersected by the Massachusetts Central railroad on the completion of that thoroughfare. The town comprises three villages, known as Amherst or Amherst Centre, North Amherst, and South Amherst, with a suburb called East Amherst. The former is the largest and most important village, being in the geographical centre of the town and contains the town clerk's office, eight churches, one large and two smaller hotels, one national and one savings bank, and a post-office, with a branch at East Amherst. The place has a small fire department and gas works, and its manufactories consist of two large establishments for the production of men's straw hats. It is likewise the seat of Amherst College, founded in 1821, and of the State Agricultural College, opened in 1867. The town also has one M;isonic Lodge, one G. A. R. Post, a village improvement society, two temperance societies, and an organization known as the Amherst Grange, Patrons of Industry, as well as the East Hampshire Agricultural Society. It also enjoys the advantages of two public libraries in addition to the exceptionally fine one connected with Amherst College. Without reference to the superior advantages of the college, the educational facilities of the town are exceptional, as, with the comparatively limited population, there are eleven struc- tures used as public schools, besides three private schools. The celebrated institution known so widely as Amherst College is an outgrowth from Amherst Academy, whose origin and opening were synchronous with the events of the last war with England, b|)t it was indirectly the result of the high mor,al and intellectual aspirations of the early inhabitants of this portion of the colony. The college consists of upward of a dozen fine buildings devoted to the different required purposes, all of which are admirably located, the group together making an imposing as well as attractive collection. The Massachusetts Agricultural College is located on an elevation a short distance outside the village centre, and comprises several finely constructed buildings. At this college thorough training and instruction are given in all that pertains to the cultivation of the soil, for the production of field and garden crops, fruits, and flowers. The college has now nearly two hundred students, while Amherst College has upward of five hundred altogether, besides a complete and specially applicable faculty in connection with either institution. Many even of the commercial residents allow that Amherst is (in a business light) dependent principally upon these important and extensive educational institutions, as, from its situation in the county and its lack of satisfactory railway facilities, it is inconvenient to the residents of most of the surrounding country, who can so much more readily visit Northampton on the •one hand, or Holyoke and Springfield on tlie other ; but its business blocks nevertheless present an attractive appearance, and from the nature of things those connected with the colleges and other private schools have higher and more varied and .abundant requirements than a like number of tillers of the soil, so that the merchants of Amherst have no reason to, nor do they, complain of the measure of patronage vouchsafed to them. Edwin Nelson, Dealer in Classical and Miscellaneous Books, Stationery, and Fancy Arti- cles, No. .> Post-OSice Block, Merchants' Row. — Mr. Nelson is a native of l^pton, Mass. The busi- ness WJis founded about 1 825 by Adams & Carter, and the popular store has become one of the best known business landmarks in Amherst. His store has a frontage of 2o feet and a depth of 60 feet, and its fittings and furnishings are of an elegant and at- tractive character. The stock is a large one, and 316 has been selected with experienced judgment and tact. It is admirably kejit and displayed, and there is little exposed for sale here tliat is not of a useful and serviceable kind. The large assortment of books embraces classical, scientific, and all the stand- ard works of the best-known authors, ancient and modern, in all the various departments of litera- ture, mercantile and fancy stationery goods of every description, and fancy miscellaneous articles in profusion. TOWN OF AMHERST. 317 o O 318 TOWN OF AMHERST. E. D. Marsh, Furniture Dealer and Under- taker, No. IIJ Pluenix Kow. — As one of the leading representatives of the furniture trade we would call attention to the house of Mr. E. 1). Marsh, No. 10 Phienix Row. This business was originally estab- lished by Messrs. Marsh ik, Young in LS51, and since its inception has always received a liberal and substantial patronage. Mr. E. 1). Marsh, son of the senior lueniber, succeeded Mr. Young in the firm in lSt>9, the tirm then becoming M. M. Marsh & Son, and in ISSli Mr. E. D. Marsh acquired the sole proprietorship of the business, which he has since retained. Tlie premises occupied are spa- cious, comprising a three-story brick house and basement, which is very conveniently and hand- somely appointed, and contains a full and general assortment of all kinds of parlor, library, chamber, and dining-room sets in all tlie leading and most fashionable designs, also a great variety of other household furniture, sofas, chairs, bedding, lambre- quins, window-shades and draperies, curtain poles and rings, mirrors, picture frames, etc. Mr. Marsh also manufactures cabinetware to order in any style desired, and also attends to all kindsof repair- ing in his line of business. He is prepared to exe- cute all orders for undertaking, and is especially qualified for the performance of these necessary duties. lie furnishes everything recjuired for a burial promptly and in the most satisfactory man- ner. Mr. Marsh is a native of this (State. Charles Deuel, Druggist, Amherst House Block, Merchants' Row. — A prominent and reliable house engaged in this business is that of Mr. ■Charles Deuel, which was established by the present proprietor in 1859. The store is spacious and ele- gantly fitted up in the most attractive and artistic manner. The stock of goods is full and complete, and embraces a carefully selected assortment of fresh and jiure drugs, chemicals, ]:iroprietary medi- cines, and remedies of established merit and repu- tation, mineral waters of foreign and domestic pro- duction, toilet and fancy articles, surgeons' and phy- sicians' requisites, perfimies, druggists' sundries — in short, everything that can be properly thought of in connection with a first-class pharmacy. Sir. Deuel is a druggist of many years' ex|ierience, and gives special attention to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes, accu racy and promptitude characterizing the filling of every order. Jlany of the leading physicians send their patients here exclusively. Mr. Deuel is a native of New York State, but has been a resident of Amherst since 18.54. A. F. Cowles, Dealer in Dry and Fancy Goods, Millinery, etc., Main Street. — This reliable and excellent emporium was established in 1876, and being conducted on sound business principles, and its management characterized by foresight and judicious enterprise, coupled with upright and honorable dealing, the result could hardly have been other than the full measure of prosperity Mr. ('owles now deservedly enjoys. The premises occupied are spacious and commodious, comprising two stores (connected), each 25x75 feet in dimen- sions, handsomely and tastefully fitted up. A full and tine line of dry goods, notions, gloves, hosiery, laces, and fiincy goods, also a splendid assortment of millinery goods, hats, and bonnets in the latest styles and designs, trimmings, silk ribbons, plushes, velvets, etc., is carried, and from five to seven capa- ble assistants are regularly employed. Mr. Cowles is a native of Amherst. William Kellogg-, Merchant and Manufac- turer, No. VI Phtenix Row.— The house of William Kellogg is now nearly three-quarters of a century old, having been established in 1814. It was founded by Mr. James Kellogg, father of the present proprietor, Mr. William Kellogg, who suc- ceeded to the business in 18G7. He is carrying on a very extensive business as a general dealer in hardware, groceries, and dry goods, and manufac- turer of carpenters' planes of all kinds, llis store covers an area of 110x25 feet. He also occupies the basement, which is of similar proportions. The stock carried is very large, and embraces a first-class assortment of hardware and small agri- cultural implements of all kinds. Mr. Kellogg's plane factory is located two miles from town, and consists of two buildings, one a three-story brick structure 50x33 feet in dimensions, the other a two- story frame building 60x33 feet, and wing 36x25 feet, three stories. The factory is equipped with all the most improved machinery and appliances, and the very finest carpenters' planes in the market are made here. Employment is given to from five to fifteen skilled hands. Mr. Kellogg has an ex- tensive trade demand for these fine planes, and all orders are filled promptly and on favorable terms. Mr. Kellogg is a native of Amherst. J. A. Rawson, Dealer in Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Fine Pocket t'utlery, etc.. Merchants' Kow. — This is the leading and best-equipped estab- lishment of the kind hereabouts. The business was established in 1869, and from its inception down to the present day Mr. Rawson has enjoyed a liberal patronage, the general excellence and relia- bility of the goods handled and the energy and ability displayed in the management of the con- cern, coupled with upright and honorable dealing, being the special features contributing to his well- merited success. The store is 25x65 feet in dimen- sions and handsomely fitted U]i, an exceedingly fine display being made, and a heavy and A 1 stock is constantly carried, embracing a full and fine line of watches, clocks, jewelry, silver and plated ware, and optical goods, also an excellent assortment of fine pocket cutlery, canes, gold pens, fine stationery, and sporting and fancy goods, repairing of all kinds being also neatly and jiromptly executed, and two capable and efficient assistants are em- ployed in the store. Mr. Raw.son, who is a native of East Alstead, N. H., is a practical and expert workman. H. B. Edwards & Co., Dry and Fancy Goods, Cutler's Block, Merchants' Row. — Since the above firm was established here in ISSO it has en- joyed prominence among those engaged in this line of trade. The headquarters of this firm are at Cut- ler's Block, Merchants' Row, in a store 65x25 feet in dimensions. A very large stock is carried, em- bracing a complete assortment of dry and fancy goods of every description. The stock comprises all the latest and most fashionable novelties of the day, and is being constantly added to by the receipt of fresh invoices. Three clerks are employed. The active member of the firm is Jlr. H. B. Edwards. He is a native of Massachusetts. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 319 Jackson & Cutler, Dry and Fancy Goods and Choice Family (Groceries, Merchants' Row. — Tills establishment enjoys the unique distinc- tion of being the oldest business house in Am- herst, having been founded in 1818 by Mr. L. •Sweetser. Later on the tirni became Sweetser & Cutler, afterward George Cutler for many years, and in 1884 was again changed, this time to Jack- son & Cutler. The tirm occupy excellent quarters on Merchants' Row, their line store covering an area of 100x2.'> feet, artbrding amjile opportunity to display a splendid stock. The assortment carried includes a complete variety of dry and fancy goods, also of choice family groceries. The stock of dry goods embraces every description of foreign and domestic novelties in this line, including all the latest styles and fashions. In the lussortment of groceries everything is fresh and of prime quality, as none but the best goods are allowed to leave the establishment. (Six hands are employed and both a wholesale and retail business is carried on, Messrs. William B. Jackson and George Cutler, Jr., are the members of the firm. Mr. Jackson is a na- tive of Hartford, Conn., and Mr. Cutler of Amherst. Amherst Co-operative Association, (iroceries, Farming Tools, Field and Garden Seeds, Pleasant Street. — The Amherst Co-operative Asso- ciation was incorporated in 1877. Tlie otficers are: President, (;. S. Smith; treasurer, H. W. Cook; secretary, H. L. Cowles; agent, W. G. Towne. All of these gentlemen are natives of Massachusetts, and are wioorn & Co., Paperhangings, Curtains, Sliades, Crockery, Glassware, Lamps, and Housekeeping Goods. — The liouse of Messrs. C. A. \'an Doom & Co. was founded by Mr. C. A. Van Doom in 1877, and from the date of its commence- ment has always enjoyed a liberal and substantial ))atronage. Tlie premises occupied are spacious, consisting of a store and basement. Tlie store is very handsomely appointed, audadmiraWy fitted nji. The stock consists of a large assortment of paper- liangings, embracing all the latest designs of bor- ders, fringes, centres, corners, dadoes, edgings, in- grains, and Lincrusta Waltons from the most famous manufacturers in Europe or America. Tlie supply of window shades comprises all the newest and most fashionable designs, such as tlie gold band, dadoed, and fringed, and also opaques, red, Scotch, and American Hollands of all colors and widths, which are .sold by the yard, wliile the rus- tic and other varieties complete an assortment that cannot be surpassed in tliis portion of the State. With this assortment tliey also carry a full line of fixtures of every description. The china and crockery department contains all the latest and most fashionable designs of imported and domestic wares, either decorated and ])lain, and the stone nnd yellow ware is of the very best Rockingham and other m ikes. The table cutlery and other housekeeping goods assortment is thorough and complete and anything desired can be found here in profusion. The line of lamj)s and chandeliers comprises everything that can be thought of that properly belongs to such a dejiartment, also flowcr- jioLs, brackets,aud chains, etc., etc. In silver-plated ware of the very best quality of triple-plate, from the leading manufacturers, this house has especial advantages. Buying directfrom the producers,tliey can offer these goods at prices that cannot be sur- passed, leading features being tea sets, cake bas- kets, casters, table knives, forks, spoons, etc., etc. The trade is wholesale and retail, and extends throughout the surrounding country. All goods are marked down to the lowest price consistent with a living business, while for out of-town cus- tomers the very cheapest freights are secured to all jioints. Mr. Van Doom was bom in Brattleboro, Vt., and lias resided here for a number of years. J. H. Tjanib, Dealer in Pianos, Organs, Sheet Music, and everything in the Music Line, No. 8 liank Row. — A prominent house engaged in the music trade in Green fieldis thatof Mr. j. H. Lamb, v/hich was established by him in 1863, and from the date of its inception has enjoyed a flourishing pa- tronage. The premises occupied are very spacious, and are very handsomely and appropriately fitted, and supplied with every convenience for the com- fort of customers, and are fully stocked with a splendid assortment of pianos, organs, and other musical instruments and merchandise. He repre- sents the following dilTerent piano-forte manufac- turers: Fisher, Ilaynes, Weber, and Guild, also the Tabor, Palace, and Rurdett organs. He also carries afulllineofstring, reed, brass, and wind instruments, also all the latest and most popular sheet music as published is to be found in his establishment as well as instruction books, and is prepared to furnish anything in the music line at the shortest possible notice. His prices arc as low as can be made con- j .sistent with a living business. Mr. Lamb is a native of Vermont, but has resided here for many vears. C. P. Forbes, Dealer in Fine Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, iSilver and Plated Ware, Fancy (ioods, etc.. No. 1 Mansion House Block. — A very ])rominent house engaged in this trade in (ireen- Held is that of Mr. C'. P. Forbes, No. 1 Mansion House Block, which was established by him over a score of years ago. The premises occupied are litted up in a magnificent manner. Theas.sortment of goods is full and complete, and comi)rises tine gold and silver watches of the be:^t American and European manufacture, elegant jewelry, such as jilain and fancy rings, crosses, bracelets, sets, neck- laces, watch-chains and charms, diamonds, rubies, and other precious stones set in the most artistic and uuiijue designs, etc., also solid and silver-plated ware, clocks of foreign and domestic production, opera-glasses, and other optical goods, besides a large stock of other fancy articles. The repairing of tine watches and jewelry receives es|)ecial atten- tion, while all goods sold are warranted to be as represented, and the prices are most reasonable. Mr. Forbes is a native of Deerfield, Mass., and has resided here for many years. Boston Shoe Store, No. 55 Main Street, Geo. Y. Young & ('o.. Proprietors. — The boot and shoe trade of Greenfield lias an excellent repre- sentative in the person of Mr. George \. Y^oung, the proprietor of the well-known and popular lioston Shoe Store. Mr. Young founded his enter- prise in 1878, under the style of the Sovereign Co- operative Association. In ( )ctober, 1885, he changed this to the Boston Shoe Store. From its inception to the ])resent it has always commanded a large patronage, and this is increasing year by year. The store is splendidly lighted by two fine show windows, handsomely iitted u]i throughout, and attractively arranged for the dis]>lay of the fine stock of boots, shoes, slippers, rubbers, etc., in all the prevailing styles, and suited for ]>erson3 of both sexes, of all ages and sizes, and in all conditions of life. The establishment is enabled to sell at the lowest figures, and to command a large and ever- growing patronage, which has doubled in volume during the past year. The proprietor recognizes no rivals in trade, but keeping superior goods, he pursues his business upon the most honorable and satisfactory principles. Hawks & Reed, Fine Clothing, Gents' Fur- nishing (ioods. Hats, Caps, etc., Arms' Block. — Messrs. Hawks & Reed established this business in 1877, and from the date of its inception they have been the recipients of a very liberal patronage. The premises occupied are centrally located, and are fitted up in a very handsome and elegant manner. The stock consists of a full and complete line of ready-made clothing for gents', youth.s', and boys' wear of every description, which has been carefully selected and is attractively arranged. They also carry a large assortment of gents' furnishing goods, such as underwearof the latest and nio.st fashionable designs, dress-shirts, hosiery, gloves, etc., while their line of hats and caps are unrivaled for quality of material, finish, and fashion.ible styles. They are also agents for the celebrated Dunlap hat, which is acknowledged to be the best made. A specialty is made of gentlemen's kid and driving gloves. "The individual members of the firm are A. E. Hawks, who was bom in Vermont, and F. H. Reed, a native of this State. TOWN OF TURNERS FALLS. Turners Fall?, a part of the town of Montague, is the most important, most populous, and most prosperous village contained within the town limits. Although of recent growth, having been founded in 1867, it has made rapid strides toward commercial greatness, and promises to become, at no far dis- tant day, one of the most important manufacturing points in America. The magical rise and rapid progress of this village owes itsorigin to the sagacious energy and enterprise of Colonel Alvah Crocker of Fitchburg, Mass., wlio died while a member of Congress, in 1874. A man of great wealth, while searching for a more direct railway route from Miller's Falls to Greenfield, he was quick to observe the magnificent water-power nature had furnished the Connecticut river at this point, and .soon after, in company with other capitalists, organized the Turners Falls Company, the province of which wa.s to improve the site for manufacturing purpose.s, and through which all the great mills at the village are supplied with water-power. In 1866-67 this company built a bulkhead at a cost of $24,000, and the present dam at an expense of $105,000, the width from shore to shore being upward of five hundred feet, and the fall over the dam about thirty feet — the entire fall controlled by the company being eighty feet and the fall-power equal to the strength of thirty thousand horses. The company's canal has cost upward of $175,000. The capital of the company, originally §200,000, has almost doubled in volume, and its assets include, besides the dam and canal, upward of thirteen hundred acres of land, covering a long stretch of mill sites on the river front, building sites, and other real estate, as well as the water-right at Factory Village, in Greenfield. Four large paper manufactories, the oldest and largest cutlery manufactory in the country, besides a large manufactory of turbine wheels, rotary pumps, circular saw- mills, etc., and an extensive cotton-mill, now enjoy the great advantages of this situation, and it bids fair to rival Holyoke, Lowell, and other great manufacturing centres before many years. The village contains a population of nearly twenty-five hundred souls, while the manufacturing interests give employment to some two thousand hands, both male and female, a considerable number living outside the village limits. The village contains a fine hotel, a national and savings bank, four churches, two handsome and costly schools, a steam fire-engine with a company of eighteen members, a weekly newspaper, several handsome brick business blocks, a public library, and many elegant private residences. At this point the Connecticut river is spanned by two fine suspension bridges, one con- necting Montague with Greenfield, the other connecting Montague with Gill, and costing respectively f 36,000 and $42,000. The village is one of the termini of a branch of the Fitchburg railroad, connecting this point with Cxreenfield, the New Haven and Northampton railroad also having a station at the village; and it does not require much wisdom to prophesy pretty accurately a continuous development of the natural advantages of the village. Crocker National Bank.— Among the best-conducted and most stable and reliable financial institutions in this county can be named the Crocker National Bank of this town, which since its incep- tion, nearlv fifteen years ago, has evermaintained a record of steady progress and prosperity, it.s excel- lent condition to-day being a high tribute to the sound judgment, vigilance, and ability of those in- trusted with its management from the start. The "Crocker National" was organized and duly in- corporated in 1872, under the national banking act, with a capital stock of S.S00,000, and its surplus fund now of over $60,000, and undivided profits mounting to some $27,000, not only attest thea stability of the bank, but places its officers and di- rectors far beyond the requirement of any meed of praise these pages could bestow. The premises oc- cupied are ample and commodious, and handsomely fitted up, and altogether, an exceedingly fine busi- ness is transacted, banking hours being from nine A. M. to three P. M., correspondents also being main- tained in New York and Boston, the National Bank of the Reimblic, of the former city, and the Com- monwealth National Bank, of the latter, performing these functions. The officers are: R. N. Oaknian, jiresident (elected fall of 1876), and D. P. Aber- crombie (who has filled the position since 1876), cashier, natives, respectively, of Turners Falls and Lunenburg, Mass. They are both gentlemen of the highest jiersonal integrity as well as excellent business ability, and enjoy the confidence and es- teem of the entire community. 327 328 TOWN OF TURNERS FALLS. Clark Machine Company, ^lanufac- turers of the None-Such Turbine Wheel, Improved Rotary Pumps, Shafting and Mill Gearing and Castings of ever)' description. — The Clark Ma- chine Company has been successful in jierfecting a turbine wheel that is now a very popular wheel in the market, andwhich they confidently guarantee to do from ten to twenty-five per cent, more actual work with the same amount of water than any other wheel in use. In 1879, after some thirteen years' experience and experiment, this company put upon the market their no w famous " None-Such " turbine to meet the long-felt wants of our manu- facturers, and which from its simplicity in con- struction, great strength and power, and great capacity, togetlier with the entire absence of traps about it, bronght it to the forefront at once. This is a flume wheel, and one of four foet in dimensions gives as much )ii)wer as most other five-foot wheels. The wheel itself is inclosed with an iron band that secures the bucket in position, and so arranged as to give an easy and natural tiow of water through the wheel. It has a cylinder gate that opens and closes easily under any head, and shuts tight. In general appearance this wheel resembles others of 3. like kind, but a careful examination shows it to be what its name implies — "nothing like it," "no equal." A test of a forty-inch wheel, the first made, gave one-hundred-and-ten-horse power under seventeen-foot jiead, and seventy-seven per cent, of the power of the water. This wheel was sold to the Turners Falls Lumber Company, and increases their production twenty-five per cent. A late test of a twenty-four-inch wheel gave forty-hor.se power under seventeen-foot head, and eighty per cent, of the [lower of the water. Many manufacturers who were wasting one-fourth of tlieir power by the use of other wheels are now using the "None-Such" with perfect satisfaction, and all in want of a relia- ble, first-class wheel need look no farther, as every wheel sold by this reliable concern is fully guaran- teed to do the amount of work represented. Late improvements for a [jartial gate and an easy-work- ing gate is another step onward, and fully entitles the "None-Such" to all that its name implies. Thousands of mill owners to-day are wanting a first-class wheel that can be placed outside of the flume or attached to the penstock, one they can get to at any time, and so save the expenseof a new flume. Tomeetthis want the Clark MachineCompanyhave perfected their " New Iron Case Turbine Wheel," which completely remedies the old diSiculty of choking up, and is the equal of the flume wheel on part or full gate. The ca.se has division plates or chutes, so that one-half or three-quarters of the capacity of the wheel can be used with nearly as good a percentage of water and speed as when on full gate. It lias but one gate, which moves easily and shuts tight, so that the pond will fill up when the wheel is idle. This wheel is not ea-sily choked up with sticks or anchor ice, and the buckets are so shaped and curved as to get the direct action of the water in its full force and its weight also. The wheel has an iron band that protects the buckets and secures them in position. It needs only to be seen to be fidly appreciated. Many who are using them say they work to perfection both in ])Ower and economy of water. By simply stating what the head and fall is, and what will be required of the wheel, this company will give you the best size for the place, and warrant the wheel to do what is claimed for it. A few years ago fire pumps were practically unknown, while to-day they are con- sidered a neces.sary feature in all large niannfiic- turing establishments. As their importance is realized, and the demand increases, better and more LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 329 reliable pumps are called for. It is now ten years since this cnnipany commenced tlie manufacture of rotary pumps, and after much careful study and experimenting they finally constructed what is widely known as the twin rotary pump, which has THE NONE-srCII PUMP. proved its superiority over all others; but, not con- tent with a pump even so near perfection, this en- terprising company moved on, creating new and important improvements, and obtained letters patent on tlie same, finally realizing what is known as the "None-Sueli" pump. The desideratum sought in all rotary pumps is to liave the case and piston ad- justable, otherwise a pump is of comparatively little value. Various plans devised for accom- plishing the object witli inside attachments Iiave all serious as well as vital objections. Tlie salient feature of the " None-Such" remedies all these ob- jections by doing away with them, and at the same time secures the adjustment in the most simple and perfect manner possible. Tliey also make two sup- plementary bearings for each shaft close np to the pistons, tlius supporting the shafts more iirndy and securing less vibration of pistons. The driving gears are ])laced inside and between two bearings, instead of outside as formerly, thus securing smooth and cool running shafts. They have also improved the style of their pi.stons, so that they give a sweep and rolling motion combined, thus clearing tliem- selves, instead of grinding together whatever comes between them. The peculiar shape and finish of the piston.s, showing their special adaptation to the work required of them, their accuracy in keeping up the contact between each other and the case, prove their mathematical correctness. But the great feature in their latest improvement is the entirely new plan of making the entire case ad- justable to the pistons at any time, thus securing the great object sought in rotary pnmps williout any traps in the inside of the case. These pumps only require to be seen to be fully appreciated, and notwithstanding the great e.tpen.se incurred in making the recent improvements, by which the value is enhanced fully one hundred per cent., tpoy are still sold at the regular prices. This comj-.any also furnish shafting and gearing ai"! ^.ii kinds of mill work to order, make castings oi every de- scription, and also have a special department for repairing of every nature connected with manu- facturing establishments, tliis being an important feature of the works. The present copartners, Messrs. A. S. Clark, W. B. Burnham, and A. O. Wyman, are all thoroughly practical in their call- ing, fully conversant willi all the details of the manufacture, as well as the requirements of the trade, and the spacious works are fully equipped with the latest improved machinery, appliances, and tools to be anywhere obtained. Fifty experienced workmen are employed, and water is the power used. The trade of the Iiouse extends all over the United States and Canada, and is rapidly increas- ing, owing to tlie uniform superiority of the goods they manufacture, and the signal success the company have achieved is only commensurate with the energy they have displayed and the integrity and fair business methods which invariably accompany all the dealings of the house with tlieir many patrons. The Montague Paper Com- pany, I!. N. Farran, President, W. 1). Russell, Treasurer and Agent. — The manufactureof paper has from the time of the " papyrus " of the ancient Egyptians up to the present time, played a prominent and useful part in the world's history. In this connection we desire to direct special attention to the progressive and representative Montague Paper Company, wliose extensive mills are eligibly located at Turn- ers I'alls. This company was incorporated in 1871 with a paid-up capital of ^400,000, and since its organization at the above-named date has had a prosperous and steadily enlarging career of useful- ness, its trade extending all over the United States and Canada. The officers of the Montague Paper Company are Mr. B. N. Farran, jiresident, and Mr. W. I). Russell, treasurer and agent, both of whom are thorougldy practical men, possessing an inti- mate knowledge of every detail of the business and the requirements of the trade. The j)remises occupied for manufacturing purposes cover five acres, and comprise fifteen buildings, which are ad- mirably equipjicd with all modern machinery, in- cluding seventeen washing ami beating engines, twelve pulp machines, six wet machines, four Jor- dan engines, six Gould engines, and four splendid Fourdrinier machines. The machinery isoperated by eighteen powerful turbine wheels of three thousand-horse power, wliile two hundred and eighty experienced oi)eratives are employed in the various dejiartments. The company produces in large quantities book and news paper, which for uniformity, quality, strength, finish and excellence lias no superior in this or any other market. The resources of the company are such that the largest orders can be promptly filled and with perfect sat- isfiiction to the trade. Ftjrty thousand pounds of this superior paper are produced every twenty-four liours, which quantity is barely sufficient to meet the demands of patrons. The characteristics which regulate the policy of this reliable company are such as to entitle it to every consideration, while the extent of its business has made it a per- manent one in Massachusetts, and the inducements offered to customers in paper and prices are of the most favorable characler. Messrs. Farran and Rus- sell, the officers, are highly regarded in mercantile and manufacturing circles. This company is com- mended to our readers as one capable of meeting all the requirements of the trade, and those enter- ing into business relations with it may be assured of treatment and advantages in keeping witli the liberal and just commercial policy that has brought it to its present position. ,330 TOWN OF TURNERS FALLS. John Russell Cutlery Company, Green River Works, Manufacturers of Taljle and Pocket Cutlery, Electro-Plated Ware, etc., K. N. Oak- man, Jr., Treasurer, and W. P. Dustin, Agent. — In mi branch of industry in the United States have more rapid strides been made than in the manufacture of cutlery of every description. For many years, even for ordinary goods, we were ■compelled to look to Great Britain for our supply, but at the present day, throu,gh the energy, ability, and enterprise of our representative manufacturers, cutlery is produced in America quite eipial, if not superior, to goods made abroad. Tlie leading man- ufactory of cutlery in the United States is that of the John Russell Cutlery Company, whose exten- sive Green River Works are situated at Turners Falls, Mass. This business was founded by John Russell, of Greenfield, who was born in 17'J7. He was a man of remarkable business capacity, ability, and integrity. In 1834, being engaged in the man- ufacture of edge tools, such as chisels, etc., lie com- menced upon a small scale the production of table cutlery. This was the first attempt made to intro- duce this branch of industry into the United States. At first the attempt appeared to be a fail- ure, the goods did not pay the cost of manufacture. Mr. Ru.ssell, however, with characteristic energy and zeal, still persevered in the attempt, though lie had to contend not only against the difficulties in- lierent in a new enterprise, but also against the foolish prejudice against American cutlery. His goods, though quite equal to those imported from Sheffield, Eng., could not be sold as readily or as well. Eventually he succeeded in every particular, and now the cutlery goods of the John Russell Cutlery Company are unrivaled for quality, finish, durability, reliability, and excellence by those of the most celebrated English manufacturers. In 1873 the present company was duly incorporated with a capital of $450,000. The officers of the company, who are highly regarded in manufactur- ing and mercantile circles for their sound business principles, enterprise, skill, and integrity, are the following, viz.: Charles A. Stevens, president; R. N. Oakiiian, Jr., treasurer; W. P. Dustin, agent. The works of the John Russell Cutlery Company are very spacious and commodious. They are equipped with all the latest improved tools, ma- chinery, and appliances known to the trade. The buildings are arranged in the form of a parallelo- gram, inclosing a middle building and yard. The two larger factories are each 600x50 feet, rising four stories on the inner and two stories on the outer side. The interior building is 603x40 feet, and is devoted to the various smith shops. The machinery is operated by superior turbine wheels, whose aggregate power is estimated to be equal to that of twelve hundred horses. The ventilation of the buildings is perfect, and in the grinding rooms, where from the immense amount of work per- formed the dust would be oppressive and injurious to health, it is all carried ofT by an excellent system of fans, etc., so that the air is perfectly pure. Eight hundred skillful and experienced operatives are employed in the various depart tnenls, and the sales of the company amount to upward of .§1, 500,- 000 annually. The goods of this popular house are in great demand from Canada to Texas and from Maine to California. A large export trade is likewise conducted with Canada, Mexico, the West Indies, Sopth America, Europe, India, and .Austra- lia. The company manufactures in vast quantities all kinds of table and pocket cutlery, butchers', hunters', painters', and druggists' knives, electro- plated ware, etc., which rank with the best on the market. Every day three tons of steel are used in this establishment, with immense quantities of silver, ivory, horn, bone, ebony, rosewood, coal, charcoal, grindstones, emery, etc. The rapid growth of the company's business presents a forcible illustration of the material benehts arising from a Federal policy affording protection to domestic in- dustries, and resulting in the development of the nation's wonderful resources. The business of the John Russell Cutlery Company is not only a source of pride to Massachusetts but to the entire country, while the officers, thoroughly educated to their calling, are well qualified to attend to it in all its branches, and with perfect satisfaction to their nu- merous customers in all parts of the civilized world. Keith Paper Company, Turners Falls. — The paper industry of the United States is one of the earliest, and at the present day one of the most prosperous, of American manufactures. New ways and methods are slowly learned, and for many years American paper occupied a very inferior po- sition in the market. Eventually, however, during the last quarter of a century, through the energy, skill, and enterprise of our manufacturers, domestic paper has driven the foreign article almost entirely away and now occupies the post of honor. Promi- nent among the principal manufacturers thus re- ferred to is the representative Keith Paper Company, whose mills are advantageously located at Turners F'alls. This business was duly incorporated in 1871 with a paid-up capital of $255,000, under the style and title of the Keith Paper Company, since which period it has built up a permanent and influential patronage in all sections of the United States. The company's ample resources, perfected and extended plant, and the experience and skill of its manager, all combine to maintain it in the van of this indus- try. The premises occupied are very spacious and convenient, and comprise several superior buildings which are admirably equipped with all moderui appliances and paper-making machinery. Two hundred operatives are employed, and the ma- chinery is driven by water power. The daily out- put amounts to upward of five tons. The Keith Paper Company manufactures principally fine writing papers, both flat and folded. The celebra- ted Westlock and Ravelstone brands of paper are made atthisestablisbment,whichareso well known and in such great demand throughout the country, and which for quality, finish, and general excel- lence have no superior in this or any other market. The growth and prosperity of the Keith Paper Company are only commensurate with the energy and ability of its late manager, Mr. John Keith, who likewise filled the offices of president and treasurer up to the time of his decease, which occuri-ed Oc- tober 19th, 18S6, and who was superseded as presi- dent b>' ex-Governor Alexander H. Rice, of Boston. Mr. C. M. Burnett is the present treasurer and manager, and is most eminently qualified for the arduous duties of these positions, from the fact of his having been Mr. Keith's confidential assistant in the management of the works since their founda- tion. The mills are situated on the Fitchburg and New Haven and Nnrtharanton railroads. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 331 Crocker Institiitiou for Savings, J. H. Root, President; G. L. Rist, Vice-President; D. P. Abercronibie, Treasurer ; W. II. P. (iilniore, Secretary. — -Tliis deservedly popular and excellent institution is the only savings bank in the town, and the oldest bank of any kind here. Incorpo- rated in 18G9 and being conducted on sound busi- ness principles, and its management characterized hv foresight and judicious enterprise, coupled with ability and integrity, its history from the start has been a record of steady progress and prosperity, and sustaining, to-day, a prominent position among the stable and reliable tinancial institutions of this county. A Hourisliing business is transacted, tlie same giving evidence of constant and substantial increase annually, and the connections of the bank are of the most desirable character, the total de- posits, as per statement of June 2(!th, 1886, being $•500,154.37, the guaranty fund reaching the sum of ^iBjTOO. The building is a three-story 60x85 brick and granite structure, with spacious and liandsome offices, a tiled floor, and fine cherry-wood fixtures, rendering the place very inviting, and banking hours are from nine a. ji. to three p. >r. Tlie offi- cers are as follows: J. H. Root, president (elected January 1st, 1886, formerly vice-president); G. L. Rist, vice-president (recently elected) ; D. P. Aber- cronibie, treasurer (elected 1876); and W. H. P. Gilmore, secretary (elected 1877). Messrs. Root and Abercrombie are natives respectively of Mon- tague and Lunenburg, Mass., and Messrs. Rist and Gilmore of Turners Falls. They are all men of sound judgment and excellent business ability, and enjoy a deservedly high reputation throughout the community, alike in financial and business circles and in social life. Turners Falls Cotton Mill, Manufac- turers of Light Weiglit Cottons in various counts and widths. — A leading and representative concern is that of the Turners Falls Cotton Mill, manuiai- turers of cheese cloth and cotton buntings, whose products are in steady demand all over the country. This flourishing enterprise was started in 1879, and was incorporated under the laws of the State of' Massachusetts in 1882. The mill is a capacious' structure, being a four-story brick buildiug :i50x72 ' feet, witli a three-story extension 90x50 feet, loca- ted on the New Haven and Northampton and the Fitcliburg railroads, and supplied with water power, thorouglily equipped with the most improved ma- chinery, running three hundred and twenty-five looms (with a building capacity for five hundred). One hundred and sixty hands are now emjiloycd on light weight cottons of all counts and widths, in- cluding the popular buntings so well known as the National A and E, the Ferndale, the Royal Circas- sian, and the Egyptian Torinis cloth. The selling agents of tlie mills are the Griswoldville Manufac- turing t^ompany, located at No. 51 Leonard street, New Vork city. The officers of the company are : E. L). Griswold, president; Joseph Griswold, treas- urer, and Lorenzo Griswold, agent, all natives of Griswoldville, town of Coleraine, Mass. Turners Falls Paper Company.— En- gaged in the manufacture of paper the State of lilassachusetts contains some leading and flourishing concerns, among which may be mentioned the widely known TurnersFallsPaperCompan}', whose products are in steady and extensive demand all over the country, owing to the uniforndy high standard of excellence they maintain. This com- pany, of which B,N. Farren is president and Wil- lard E. Everett treasurer and agent, was duly incorporated under the laws of the State in 1879, with a capital of $12(J,0U(J, and the trade grew and extended from the start, until now it is ex- ceedingly heavy. The mill is a capacious brick building, being an irregular structure, the main part of which is two stories high and the ends one story each, the superficial dimensions being about 65x250 feet, and employment is afl'orded to upward of sixtj' hands. Both .steam and water motive ])ower is used, two one thousand two hundred pound engines, two five-hundred pound engines, and two Gould engines being in service, also one Jordan engine, together with three three-hundred horse power water-wheels, and over twelve thousand pounds of paper is the average production every twenty-four hours, the demand being fully com- mensurate with the capacity of the establishment and the energy and ability displayed in its uaaagement. CITY OF PITTSFIELD. The territory embraced within the boundary lines of Berkshire county is not ofily the site of the most cliarming scenery in the State of Massachusetts, but has been visited, lauded and loved time out of mind as one of the beauty spots of the country. It lies against the western line of tlie Common- wealth, touching Vermont on the north and Connecticut on the south, and is the most elevated county BERKSIIIRK LIFE ISsrRANI'E COJIPAXYS lU'I I.I'l N' ;. in the State. Tha city of Pittsfield is its capital, and no county in all New England has a judicial seat more delightfully set, nor one that better deserves the setting in which it is framed. The site now occupied by Pittsfield was originally settled by white people in the year 1752, and was called Pontoosuc by the Indians, a name meaning "a run for deer." Solomon Deming and his family were the pioneers, who came nii here from Wethersfield, Conn., to take their chances among the red men. In the year 1735 the territory had been granted to Boston, and was known as Boston Plan- 332 CITY OF P/TTSFIELD. 33.3 tation until 1743, when it was sold bodily to Jacob Wendell, and bore the name of Wendell's Town np to the date of its incorporation in 17G1, at which time it was duly cliristened with tlie name it has since borne, in honoi; of the English statesman, William Pitt. Pittsfield is located about midway of the county nortli and south, due west from Boston one hundred and fifty-one miles, and one hundred and thirty miles north-uortheast from New York city. Its natural location is unique. It is the lap of a valley gemmed with numerous lakes and lakelets, and traversed by rivers and smaller streams. Of the former there are no less than half a dozen, wliose out- lets form the Housatonic, which runs through the city, and at this point is several hundred feet higher than the head of Mount Holyoke. The Pontoosuc, a western branch of the Housatonic, lias its source in a small lake partly in Pittstield and partly in Lanesborough. These streams, together with Shaker brook, furnish a strong, unfailing water-power, which is turned to large and profitable account in the operation of mill and factory machinery. The town of Lenox, famed as the summer home of not a few notables and many men and women of culture, is only six miles to the south, and Stockbridge, scarcely less celebrated in the same way ; to the east lie some of the finest stock farms this side of Kentucky, while on the west are Lebanon Springs and the Mount Lebanon Shakers. Pittsfield is as fortunate in itself, however, as it is in its natural location, advantages and surround- ings. It is a full-fledged, handsome and progressive city of fifteen thousand people, who not only keep it inviting and healthy, but are proud of it as a business mart and manufacturing centre. Situated on the Boston and Albany, the Housatonic and Pittsfield, and the North Adams railroads, its passenger and freight transportation facilities to and from every point of the compass are quick and ample. Its streets are regular, broad and clean, overarched by splendid elms and majjles, lined by substantial busi- ness blocks and elegant private residences, impossi- ble except under conditions of assured and assuring prosperity and wealth. In the heart of the town is the park, a monu- ment in memory of Pittsfield soldiers who partici- pated in the War of the Kebellion its most con- spicuous feature of interest. Overlooking this park are some of the most noticeable of the public build- ings that adorn the city and command the attention of visitors — the Court-IIou.se, of white marble, the Berkshire Life Insurance Company's building, the First Congregational Church, St. Steijlien's Episco- pal Church, and the Berkshire Athena?um. The Athena'um is one of the indispensable in- stitutions of the city, well patronized, well supported, and in the way of being well endowed, also. Incor- porated in 1871, this association isdevoted to litera- ture, science and the arts, and is in possession of several valuable collections of books, local relics, and cabinets. In 1872 Phineas Allen, a prominent citizen, died, by whose will the Athena;um will inherit some $50,000, after the fulfilment of certain life interests in his estate. Meanwhile the city gives it $2,000 a year. The present handsome and convenient structure was erected in 1876 by Mr. Thomas Allen, of St. Louis, who spends his summers here. The library is absolutely free. Conspicuous among other buildings of a public character are the Academy of Music, one of the finest of its kind in this section; the jail, the Roman Catholic Church of St. Joseph, and several hotels. The House of Mercy is the outcome of the benevolent spirit of Pittstield women, a few of whom associated themselves in 1876, rented a house, and opened it as an hospital. The building now occupied was erected in 1877, and is everything its name imports. Pittsfield has always been celebrated for the public and private means of education it aftbrds. In addition to the High School, more than a score and a half of other common schools provide the best of instruction for the sons and daughters of its citizens, while several seminaries of learning of a superior grade enjoy a wide reputation for efficient methods and faithful, thorough teaching. A dozen church organizations, representative of the principal denominations common to the State, are a source of religious culture and devotion, while one daily and two weekly journals successfully cater to the demand for local news. MAPLEWOOD PROMENADE. 334 Cl jy OF PITTSFIELD. o o LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 335 Four banking institutions furnish financial accommodations to our citizens. The Agricultural National Bank h;is a capital of j!2UO,000 and a surplus $50,000 larger; the Pittsfield National Bank, with a capital of $500,000, has a surplus of §200,000; the Third National Bank is backed by $125,000 and a $25,000 surplus, and the deposits of the Berkshire County Savings Institution aggregate a large figure. The number and condition of these banks may be taken as an indication of the commercial pros- perity of the city of Pittsfield. Some fifty years ago the money value of the articles annually pro- duced here was $700,000 or thereabouts ; but what strides have been made in that half century ! Within the last thirty years tlie population has increased about threefold. The first broadcloth made in the United States w;is manufactured on this spot in 1804. Tlie first mill was set in operation liei\, in the year 1800 by Arthur Schofield, an Englishman. Manufacturing and general trade liave now reached pr()|)ortions undreamed of in those early days, prominent among tlie former being silk, and cotton and woolen fabrics. Of the leading industries, and the men who are prosecuting them, the following sketches will give an excellent idea, and from thera the reader may conclude that Berkshire energy and pluck, as illustrated in its capital city, are worth the chrouicling in this wise. Pittsfield Steam Bakery, W. H. Teeling, Proprietor, Trackers, Biscuit, Plain, and Fancy Cake Manufacturer, No. 159 North Street.— The extent to which many of the industries of Pittsfield have attained during the past quarter of a century is owing not only to the natural growth and enter- prise of the place, but to the energy and business ability of those who own and conduct them. Among the most prominent and important of these estab- lishments is the Pittsfield Steam Bakery, of the firm of W. II. Teeling & Co., manufacturers of crackers and biscuit, and plain and fancy cakes. The business has been established since 1828, and wa-s continued for many years by Messrs. Ross & Whiting, the founders. Mr. W. H. Teeling, the senior member of the present firm, has been con- nected with the house since 1852, and under the firm name of Parker & Teeling the operations of the establishment were greatly extended. About three years ago, the firm of W. H. Teeling A Co. was formed, which comprises that gentleman and Mr. E. B. Wilson, who have built up a busi- ne.ss of the most satisfactory character. The plant is situated on North street, the grounds being 75x 220 feet, extending through to Northrup street. The main building lias four floors and dimensions of45,x57 feet. The machinery, witli which the es- tablishment is replete, embodies every improve- ment or novel advantage known to the most ad- vanced in the trade, and .adds greatly to the per- fection of the goods produced, as well as the rapid- ity with which they are manufactured. New and Improved ovens are provided, and a great variety of crackers and biscuits, plain and fancy cakes, which are highly appreciated by the public, pro- duced. The finest quality of Hour and other mate- rials are used, and the goods of Messrs. W. H. Teeling & Co. have a standard reputation and are always in demand, tlie trade being derived from Pittsfield .and Berkshire counties, and also from the States of New York, Connecticut. Vermont, and throughout Massachusetts. Mr. W. H. Teeling, the head of the establishment, is from Cfreenbush' N. Y., originally. He has resided in Pittsfield for forty- eight years, and has become thoroughly identi- fied with its interests and general business and local affiiirs. His career has been eminently a prosperous .and useful one, promoting to a large extent the industrial thrift of the community of which he is an esteemed member. Mr. E. B. Wilson is a native of the State of New York. He is an active, enterprising young business man and popular with all who have dealings with the house. William F. Harriiig-ton, Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Japans, Paint Brushes, Window and Picture Glass, etc.. No. 105 North Street. — Under the able management of Mr. William F. Harring- ton this old business house, one of the trade land- marks of Pittsfield, has been successfully conducted for five years. The business carried on by Mr. Harrington was inaugurated in 1858 by Mr. A. D. Stevens, who w;is succeeded by Mr. H. Harrington in 1861, and upon the death of the latter, in 1881, his son, Mr. William F. Harrington, became pro- prietor. This progressive business man occupies a commodious store, and carries the most complete assortment of paints, oils, brushes, glass, and paint- ers' and glaziers' supplies in the city. His line of merchandise comprises all kinds of varnishes, ja- pans, window and picture glass, etc., and at the lowe.st possible prices for cash. Mr. Harrington is a native of New York, but has resided in Pittsfield since childhood. At the outbreak of the War of of the Rebellion he enlisted for three months in the Eighth Massachusetts Volunteers, and re-en- listed for three years in the Twenty-seventh Massa- chusetts Regiment, serving for two years as duty and orderly sergeant. In 1863 he was commissioned a lieutenant for gallant and meritorious service, and in 186-1 he was permanently disabled by a gun- shot wound in the right arm at the battle of Cold Harbor. J. J. Foster & Co., The Reliable Clothiers and Hatters, No. 71 "North Street. — The business conducted by Messrs. J. J. Foster & Co. is one of the leading enterprises of this section. The store is 24.x70 feet in dimensions, and the stock of cloth- ing, hats, caps and gents' furnishing goods is full and complete, and includes the neatest and best goods in this wide range of merchandise. Messrs. Foster & Co. are members of a .syndicate embracing twenty-seven merchants in different parts of the New England States, and buying from Hi-st hands in large quantities, they are enabled to supply goods at bottom prices for cash and to guarantee satisfac- tion. Mr. Foster is a young man of exceptional business energy and tact. 836 TOWN O F PITTSFIELP. Pittsfleld National Bank.— The Pitts- field National Bank is an organization especially founded for the purpose of actively promoting the industries of Berkshire county. It was organized and chartered under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in ISoi!, and became a national bank under the Xational Bank Act. Theautliorized capital of the bank is Jil, 000,000, one-half of which is paid up, and the surplus reaches nearly $225,000. The Institution has always pursued a career of use- fulness and prosperity, and the conservative basis upon which it was originally organized has never been impaired, and the principles which were laid down for its guidance thirty-three years ago have been sedulously adhered to. The interests of the institution have always been and are most inti- mately allied to the progress and prosperity of this community, and its policy throughout has been such as to promote, so far as is consistent with its own solvency, the general thrift and wellbeing of Berkshire county. Conducting a general banking business in loans, deposits, collections, e.xchange, etc., the bank enjoys all the facilities for the transaction of its operations that only time and experience could give. The president of the bank is the Hon. Judge Julius Rockwell, an eminent lawyer and president, and judge of the Superior Court. He is also president of the Berkshire Savings Bank and director of the Berkshire Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Vice-president, John V. Barker, is also a trustee of the Berkshire Savings Bank, and a director of the Berkshire Life Insurance Com- pany, and the Berkshire Mutual Fire Insurance Company. The cashier, E. S. Frances, Esq., has been connected with the bank twenty-seven years. He is also a director of the Pittstield Tack Com- pany and treasurer ami director of the Berkshire Athenfeum, and otherwise prominent in the financial and manufacturing industries and local afl^airs of Berkshire county. Tlie president and vice-president, together with Ilenry Colt, Esq., David A. Clary, Esq., James M. Baker, Esq., A. J. Waterman, Esq., J.D. Carson, Esq., Z. Crane, Esq., and Wra. W. Gam- well, Esq., compose the Board of Directors, all of whom are gentlemen too intimately known in con- nection with the finances and general business affairs of the city to require any extended per- sonal remark. "W. G. Morton & Co., Dealers in Anthra- cite and Bituminous Coal, Cement, Wood, and Kindlings, No. 21 Depot Street. — Supplying the citizens of Pittsfield and vicinity with coal is quite an important business, which is well represented by the firm of W. G. Morton <& Co., whose extensive premises, five acres in extent, are located on the line of the Boston and Albany railroad. The coal yard is spacious, is connected with the main line by side tracks running through it, and is well pro- vided with shedding and coal pockets and store houses, and all the facilities for preparing coal for manufacturing and domestic pin-poses. The firm deal in all the best qualities of anthracite and bituminous coal, which is received direct from the mines and sold by the carload or ton at the lowest market rates. The trade is large and widespread, and a large demand is supplied from all parts of Berkshire county. Messrs. W. G. Morton & Co. also make a special business of oak and pine wood and kindlings, and deal in cement. This business, BO vigorously prosecuted by this firm, was established about 1S48 by Gerry Guilds & Co., who were suc- ceeded in 1876 by Mr. W. G. ' irton, who con- tinued it until the first of July, IS.So, when he associated with him Mr. W. F. Francis, and from that time it has been carried on under the present firm name. Both these genclemen are natives of Pittsfield. They are both active and enterprising business men, hold prominent positions in mer- cantile and financial circles, and take great interest in local affairs. Mr. W. G. Morton is the general agent for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, and also the Clearfield Bitumi- nous Coal Company, with headquarters at Albany, sup])lying a demand from wholesale and retail dealers and manufacturers with anthracite and bi- tuminous coal throughout the States of New York, Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire. O. Root & Soils, Boots, Shoes, and Rubbers, No. 22 North Street. — In the line of boots and shoes a large and very important house is that of O. Root & Sons, which was established in 1856 by Mr. O. Root, who continued it with success, and in 1868 admitted his son, John Allen Root, to an interest in the business, being conducted under the name and style of firm of O. Root & Son. In 1871 the second son, Harry A. Root, became a member of the firm, and the present firm name was adopted. After the decease of Mr. O. Root, which occurred in 1874, the sons continued to conduct the business, retaining the firm name of O. Root & Sons. The firm occupy two fioors each, having a front of 20 with a depth of 70 feet, in a large building on North street. The store is neatly and attractively fitted up and contains one of the best assorted and most complete stocks of boots and shoes and rub- bers to be found in this part of the State, the assort- ment including all the suggestive and pleasing modes for footwear in accord with the fashionable ideas of the day, for ladies, gentlemen, misses, and children, and can supply the be.st fine and medium grade goods at the very lowest prices. Mr. John Allen Root and Mr. Harry A. Root, the copart- ners, are both enterprising men and bring to their aid in their business a successful experience. John F. "Van Deusen, Cigars, Tobacco, and Smokers' Supplies, No. 15 North Street. — A recognized leader in his line of trade in Pittsfield, Mr. John F. Van Deusen, wlio, as successor to Laforest Logan, who inaugurated the business in 1872, is conducting a large wholesale and retail trade in tobacco, cigars, and smokers' supplies in this city. He succeeded to the large trade developed by Mr. Logan May 10th, 1886, and has more than main- tained the prestige of the old house. Mr. Van Deusen handles all kinds of foreign and domestic cigars of the most popular brands, the best smoking and chewing tobaccos in the market, and a fine line of pipes and smokers' articles, and ills facilities for supplying the trade and general public with mer- chandise of standard excellence at low prices are unsurpa.ssed by any of his competitors. By steadily maintaining the reputation of his goods and the house, Mr. Van Deusen has firmly established him- self in general confidence, and his trade extends to all parts of Berkshire and adjoining counties. This enterprising young merchant has long resided in Pittsfield, and was town clerk during the years 1881-82. He is a notary public and commissioner of deeds for the State of New York, LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 337 Berkshire Life Insurance Company. — The success of the Kerksiiire Life Jiisurance Company has been notable and its history one of unbroken prosj)erit_y. It was organized in ISol and is a mutual company, issuing all ap]iroved forms of life and endowment policies, and from the timeof itsincejilion has accomplished resultswhich place it in the front rank of American life insurance companies. The endowment plan is a noticeable feature of this company, which is of special con- sideration, as, in addition to the system of paying insurance in case of death, the company also consti- tutes a safety fund, from which the insured may realize benelits of their investments and payments made. 8iuce the organization of the company it has received from its members for premiums $10 209,127.44, and has returned to them for chums under policies $3,899,415.09, and for dividends and canceled policies ^53, 335, 991. 43. The assets at the close of 1885, the date of the last annual report, were $3,796,107, safely invested in accordance with the charter, chielly in first mortgages on real estage Viilued at double the amount loanedthereon. The suri)lu3 Massachusetts standard is $438,894.03, and during the past year new insurance has been written and policies revived amounting to 83,700,- 525. A marked increase in the number of mem- bers, in the amount of cTutslanding insurance, and in the aggregate of premiums received, shows a continuance of the healthful growth of the com- pany. The progress of the company for the last five years is shown by the following gains: In the number of outstanding jiolicies, a gain of 26.96 per cent.; in the amount of outstanding insurance, a gain of 35.87 per cent. ; in the amount of insurance written, a gain of 77.96 per cent.; in the amount of premium income, a gain of 48.41 per cent. Beginning with the year, a new form for life and endowment policies tnider the five-year dividend plan was adopted. Tlie liberality of its conditions and the fact tiiat, like all the policies issued by the company, it is subject to the provisions of the laws of Massachusetts relating to paid-up and cash values, will commend it to the insuring public. There can be no question that distributions made once in five years will be more equitable and satis- factory, and jirove more economical, than if made annually. While the terms and conditions of the policies have been made as liberal as the most ad- vanced underwriters deem safe, no rule of con- servative management has been relaxed. The utmost care is taken to assume risks upon soimd lives only, and not to admit to membership persons whose occu])ations are of a hazardous nature, or whose places of residence are deemed unhealthfid. The area in which agencies are maintained is re- stricted to those parts of tlie country having a salubrious climate, and risks are not taken upon a single life beyond the amount of $10,000. A mor- tality experience remarkably favorable has thus far resulted fromthe care exercised. Thecompany has agencies through the States of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsyl- vania, Connecticut, Ohio, jlichigan, and Illinois. The terms and conditions of its policies are very lilieral, and all of tliem are protected by the pro- visions of tlie celebrated non-forfeiture laws of the Connnonwealth of Massachusetts. The officers and directors are gentlemen who have been .selected for their sterling business integrity and fitness for the duties devolving upon them. They are as follows: William R. Plunket, president ; James M. Barker, vice-president; James W. Hull, secretary and treasurer. Board of Directors — John V. Barker, of J. Barker & Brothers, manufacturers, William R. I'lunkett, altorney-at-law, Jabez L. Peck, manu- facturer, Josiah C'arter,merchant, James M. Barker, James W. Hull, treasurer of the company, J. F. A. .\dams, physician and surgeon, Henry AV. Taft, clerk of the courts, Berkshire county, (icorge II. Tucker, treasurer Berkshire county, Pittsfield ; Thomas G. Carson, banker, Boston; J. N.Dunham, [iresidcnt Springtield 1' ire and Marine Insurance Company, Springfield; (ieorge T. Pliinkett, I'lunk- ett Woolen Company, Hinsdale; Byron Weston, ex-Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, Dalton; Justin Dewey, attorney-at-law, Great Barrington ; W'ellington Smith, treasurer Smith Paper Com- pany, Lee; Henry W. Bishop (Lenox, Mass.), Chi- cago; S. W. Brayton, president Adams National Bank, North Adams; W. B. Plunkett, manufac- turer, Adams; F. K. Paddock, M. D., and J. F. A. .\danis, M. 1)., medical directors. Mr. Plunkett, the president of the company, is one of the able members of the Massaehusetls bar. He is presi- dent of the Berkshire Athenieum, and is also a commissioner of the Ashley Water-Works, and a member of the directorate of the Agricultural Na- tional Bank, of this city, and a director of the Pitts- field Coal Gas Company, and otherwise conspicu- ously prominent in 'local and general business afliiirs and in the manufacturing industries of Berhshire county, plon. James M. Barker, the vice-president, is a director of the Pittsfield National Bank and a trustee of the Berkshire County Atlie- na'uiii, and a member of the Executive Committee of the Berkshire Historical and Scientific Society, and Justice of the Superior Court. He has been prominent in the Legislature and was one of the codifiers of the Public Statutes of the State. Mr. James W. Hull, the secretary and treasurer, has been an officer of the company for fifteen years. The business transacted by the company ranges through States mentioned above requiring agents, besides the following general agents: Eastern Mas- sachusetts, F. J. Foss, No. 223 Washington street, Boston ; Central Massachusetts and Rhode Island, W. H. Dyer, No. 223 Washington street, Boston ; Western Massachusetts and Connecticut, Hamer & Stone, company's building, Pittsfield; New York and New Jersey, George W. English, No. 271 Broadway, New York ; Eastern Pennsylvania, E. H. Plummer, No. 512 Walnut street, Philadelphia ; Western Pennsylvania, George W. English & Brother, No. 97 Fourth avenue, Pittsburg; Mary- land, Munro Snell, No. 30 South street, Baltimore; Ohio, W. B. Hillman, Savings Bank Building, Cleveland; Michigan, M. Early & Son, No. 3 Me- chanics' Hall building, Detroit; Indianaiiolis, James Greene, Martindale's Block, Indianapolis; Illinois, E. W. Hills, Portland Block, Chicago ; superintendent of agents, W. H. Dyer, Pittsfield, Mass. The building erected and occupied by the company isone of the handsomest structures in the vState and forms a splendid monument to the enter- prise and wealth of the institution. Itisconstructed of Nova Scotia sandstone and was erected in T867-(i8, and jiresents a front of 66 feet, with a depth of 120 feet. Circulars and pamphlets, with tables of rates and full information may be obtained on application to any of the agents or to the home office at Pittsfield. 538 TO WN OF P ITTSFIE LD. Chickering-'s Business College. — This institutioQ was estiiblislied by the hite Prof. E. F. Carter in ISfiO, and was until his deatli liberally patronized by tiie citizens of Berkshire county and vicinity. On the death of Mr. Carter, in 1879, the good-will, furniture, and appliances were purchased by the present principal, Mr. Benjamin Chickering, wliose successful efforts to maintain the high repu- tation of tlie college have more than realized the expectations of its patrons. Mr. Chickering's many years' experience and practical acquaintance with various kinds of business, and with the customs, forms, and us.^ges, enable him to ofler unusual advantages to pupils. He is a practical, expert accountant, pnd gives his undivided time and per- sonal supervision to the work. Students can acquire a thorough knowledge of bookkeeping in much less time and at much less expense than at many other commercial colleges in the country. Business habits are here diligently inculcated, expertness in commercial calculations is imperatively required, a superior style of business penmanship is imparted, and business correspondence and the drafting of business papers receive critical attention. Mr. Chickering not only teaches bookkeeping, but he makes bookkeepers, and where effort on the part of the pupil is not wanting the most satisfactory results are guaranteed. No jjupils who are approved are permitted to pass through the course superficially, and they are thoroughly qualitied to meet the practical tests of the counting-room. In this school labor, time, and money are economized. The busi- ness penmanship department is vnider the able management of C. J. Weaser, a graduate of P. R. Spencer, one of the autliors of the Spencerian sys- tem of writing. There are preparatory, com- mercial, actual business and business men's courses, and the time for completing tlie course varies from eight to twelve weeks; tuition, forty dollars, per course of twelve weeks; school year, forty-four weeks, §100. No charge is made for books or sta- tionery, all of which are furnished. Mr. Chick- ering is a native of Worcester county, Mass., and is a successful educator in every signification of the term. American House, North Street, William St. Lawrence, Projirietor. — Proverbial for her ex- cellent hostelries, Pittsfield, the beautiful city of the famous Berkshire Hills, is a favorite resort for travelers and tourists bent on business or pleasure, and a sojourn at either of her principal hotels is a most pleasant experience to strangers. Centrally erected on the principal business thoroughfare and amid the most delightful surroundings, the Ameri- can House has long been a very popular resort for those visiting Pittsfield. This model house has been for many years a favorite stopping-place, and under the excellent management of Mr. William St. Lawrence, wlio became the proprietor in Septem- ber, 1885, it has more than maintained its prestige and repute. The American House is a handsome fonr-story structure, with broad verandahs, spacious halls, and large, well-ventilated rooms, elegantly provided and supplied with every modern conve- nience. Each of the one hundred and tifty rooms is connected with tiie office by electric annuncia- tors, the attendance is polite and ample, and the cuisine is managed with cunsummate ability. The bill of fare includes everything desirable, admirably served, and tlie comforts of a luxurious home are here afforded to guests by Mr. St. Lawrence, whose constant study is to promote their interests and pleasure, and who is a most capable and courteous host. T. H. Richardson, Diamonds, Jewelry, Watches, Clocks, Solid Silver and Plated Ware, Cutlery, etc., No. 27 North Street. — Mr. liichardson has been in business in this city since 1878; prior to that he was located in South Adams. In size tlie store is 24.x70 feet, and is handsomely arranged with plate-glass show-cases and well stocked with a large and varied assortment of rich, elegant jewelry of every description in the latest styles and designs, also diamonds and other precious stones, foreign and American clocks, and imported watches in gold and silver cases, and also those of home production, solid silver and plated ware in beautiful, unique de- signs, together with bronze and Rogers' groups, and fine art goods, spectacles, opera-glasses, eye- glasses, and optical goods. Mr. Richardson is a skilled, practical watchmaker, jeweler, and en- graver, and gives particular attention to making repairs and to regulating watches and clocks, and also to engraving names and monograms, always guaranteeing the work to be done in the highest style of the art. He m;ikes a specialty of gold- headed canes, of which he has a great variety in all styles and designs. Mr. Richardson is a native of the State of New Hampshire. F. Harring'ton, Livery and Boarding Stables, corner of North and Wacona Streets. — The enter- prising business man above named began business in this line in 1884, and has from a small beginning developed a flourishing trade. To accommodate the increasing number of his patrons Mr. Harring- ton is erecting a substantial and convenient stable at the corner of North and Wacona streets. Mr. Harrington has fine teams, with safe and reliable horses, elegant hacks, carriages. Surreys, etc., and supplies, at lowest current prices, stylish turnouts for business or pleasure purposes. He at present occupies a large building on North street, rear of the skating rink. Orders have prompt attention, and horses are boarded at reasonable rates. Mr. Harrington is a native of New York. Sidney S. Stowell, D.D. S., No. 77 North Street. — Since his graduation from the Dental De- partment of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, in 1884, Dr. Sidney S. Stowell h.as been successfully engaged in the practice of his profession in Massachusetts, and was formerly lo- cated at Dal ton. He removed to PittsHeld Decem- ber 1st, 188.5, and has already established himself in general confidence, and in a fine and growing prac- tice. His office is very tasteful and attractive in its appointments. He makes a specialty of a high grade of work, such as artificial crown setting's, transplantation, and replantation, and his work marks him a master of his art. Hisoperating rooms are models of completeness and are supplied with all the latest appliances and implements. In the surgical branch of his business Dr. Stowell is a skilled and reliable oper.itor, and his mechanical work is always superior and accurate. All work is successfully performed with the least ]iossible de- gree of inconvenience and suffering to patients. Dr. Stowell is a native of Peru, Berkshire countj. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 339 Casey & Bacon, Wholesale Grocers, Steam f 'oftee and Spice Wills, Nos. 3, 5, and 7 Clapp Ave- nue. — The house of (lasey h Bacon is the lai-gest and most important in its line of business in Pitts- iield. This distinction is accorded not only from the fact of its long establishment, its honorable career, and its extensive business transactions, but on account of the enterprise of its business policy. It was established in 18ti8 by Mr. Michael Casey and Mr. James L. Bacon, who, under the firm name of C;usey & Bacon, have since continued to conduct it with vigor, and have established a large trade difl'used throughout Western Massachusetts, Xorth- ea.stern New York, and adjoining sections. Occu- pying commodious premises, consisting of a four- story brick building known as t'asey & Bacon's Block having dimensions of 6(1x50 feet, the firm possess every facility for the successful prosecution of the business, togetlier with ample accommo- dation for a stock which isatall timeslarge, varied, full, and complete in every department, and em- braces, besides the choicest teas and coffees and pure spices, also hermetically sealed goods in tin and glass, sugars and provisions, and grocers' supplies, and everything belonging to tlie trade of both foreign and domestic production. Connected with the house the firm own and operate steam coffee and spice mills, which are fully equippedwithevery convenience for grinding and preparing spices and coffees in their purity. The goods bearing the trade-mark of this house have an extensive sale and are always in demand. Foreign and domestic fruits form a feature of the business, the firm handling the choicest of all kinds when in season. Mr. Michael Casey and Mr. James L. Bacon have resided in JIassachusctts nearly all their life, and by reason of their enterprise, liberality, and public spirit are fully entitled to the success they have achieved, and by their extensive operations liave done much in giving Pittstield a reputation as an active business centre. Mr. Casey during the War of the Rebellion served with distinction as first lieutenant in the Thirty-seventh Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, whicli became famous and was known as " OeuerJ Sheridan's foot cavalry." Lieutenant Casey was present on many sanguinary fields, and will be foimd as courteous, reliable busi- ness man as he was an honorable, brave soldier. Watkins & Simmons, Photographic Rooms, No. 53 North Street. — In all that the term implies, the firm of Watkins & Simmons are recognized leaders in their line of business in Western Massachusetts, and not only in photog- rapliy, but in art work of highest excellence, in ink, crayon, and oil, this well-known house is pre- eminent. Mr. R. C. Watkins is a photographer of twenty-five years' experience, and is a master of every detail of his work, and has charge of the printing and general business. Mr. E. A. Sim- mons' career in business covers a period of fourteen years, his specialty being portraits in oil, ink, and crayon, for which profession lie prepared himself under the instruction of eminent masters in the National Academy of Design in New York, from which he graduated with distinction in 1S79. He does all the retouching, developing, and posing. With all the requisite skill and taste, and every facility known to the art, these specialists have, under the firm name of Watkins & Simmons, con- ducted one of the most complete and prosperous photographic establishments in Western Massachu- setts, for four years. They make all kinds and styles of portraits, promenades, views, cabinets, cards, panels, plaques, etc., and their work attests their worth. Messrs. Watkins & Simmons' rooms are models of attractiveness for those who desire first-class, meritorious work, true to nature, superior in finish, and perfect in pose and expression. There is not in the State a more desirable establishment than theirs. Mr. Watkins was born in Massachu- setts and Mr. Simmons is a native of Albany, N. Y. W. ti. LiaRue, Watchmaker and Engraver, No. 6 North Street, opposite Post-( jffice. — Mr. W. L. La Rue is the only first-class engraver in the city. He has a fine, neatly fitted up, attractive establish- ment at No. y North Street, opposite the Post-office. The store, which is admirably arranged, and com- plete in all its appointments, with plate-glass show- cases, has a front of 24 with a dejith of tiO feet, and contains an assortment of fine jewelry, which for elegance in style and design is unsurpassed, and era- braces all the new, unique, and novel varieties that have recently been introduced, also foreign and American watches in gold and silver cases and clocks, plain and ornamental, and a general line of solid silver and plated ware, and bronzes, etc. The spe- cial brancli of business carried on by Mr. La Rue is engraving, to which he gives special attention, and performs all work in a neat, beautiful, and artistic manner, and as a designer of monograms and orna- mental work has the reputation of being the best in Berkshire county. Mr. La Rue, who is a native of the State of Vermont, has resided in Pittsfield for some years, and since 1884 has been engaged in the jewelry business. He is a practical watchmaker, engraver, and jeweler, and has had over twenty years' experience in this country and Europe. Mn La Rue makes a specialty of the celebrated B. Laurance's axis-cut pebbles in spectacles and eye- glasses. These pebble glasses are cut, slabbed, and ground as near the axis as possible, and, having the greatest amount of convexity or concavity immedi- ately over the centre of the grain found in all peb- ble, it allows the rays of light to enter the eye with the least possible resistance. As pebble is always cool and docs not scratch, one pair will outlast six pairs of ordinary glasses. Being enabled to sell genuine pebbles at from two dollars a pair a great demand is anticipated for them. Every pair is marked B. L. A. C. P. William P. Griffen, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Flour, Feed and Grain, Nos. ID and 12 Railroad Street. — Among the industries of Pittsfield that are prominent istheestablishment of Mr. Wm. P. (Iriffen. The business was originally estab- lished and carried on for thirty-two years by Mr. S. V. R. Daniels, who was succeeded in 1871 by Mr. Wm. P. Griffen, who has since that time in- creased the facilities and extended the trade. The oftice and warehouse is 20x75 feet in size, and is amply provided with every facility, and a full gen- eral stock of all the leading brands of Western and New York State family Hour is always kept on hand, together with feed, meal, hay, etc., and a large trade is transacted as adealer and shipper of grain. Mr. firift'en is a native of the State of New York, but has resided in Pittsfield for sixteen years. He occupies an honorable position in mercantile and other circles. S40 TOWN OF PITTSFIELD. John White, Florist, (Jreenhouses on West Street. — In providing tlie materials for and in the worlv of laying out tlie many beautiful parterres and parks in the famous Burksliire Hills region, Mr. John White has for eleven years taken a prominent part, and to the natural loveliness of this beautiful region he has largely added. The experience of Mr. White as a grower of iilants and a landscape gardener covers a period of thirty years. His extensive greenhouses, si.x in number, cover an area of one hundred feet square, and his grounds outsi le devoted to propagation of vegetable plants and hardy ilowers are several acres in extent. He is the most extensive and successful grower of roses in Weslern Massachusetts. His assortment of pan- sies, inchiding tlie finest imported strains of every variety, and the rarest exotics and choicest varie- ties of beautiful and fragrant Howers and ornamen- tal plants, with a full line of tomato, cabbage, celery, and other vegetable plants in season, com- plete a stock which affords an ample souj-ce of supply. The most beautiful designs in cut Ilowers for funerals, weddings, commencement, and other occasions are supplied at short notice and re;ison- able rates, and orders for landscape and cemetery gardening are executed in the most artistic man- ner. Orders by mail or telephone have prom|it at- tention. Mr. White is an Englishman by birth, and is a thoroughly genial and liberal business man. J. S. Rosenfeld, Jobber and Manufacturers' Agent, Berkshire Products, Nos. 50 and 61 North Street. — One of the well-known, ])opular business men in Pittslield is Mr. J. S. Rosenfeld, who for more than sixteen years has been identified witii the business afl^airs of the city. During the past three years he has been engaged as a jobber and wholesale dealer and manufacturers' agent for Berk- shire products, including the Overall Company's, the Shirt Manufacturing Company's, and the Knit- ting Mills, and carries a full and complete stock of hosiery, suspenders, handkerchiefs, neckwear, etc., including everything in the line of shirts and drawers. Mr. Rosenfeld is located in the large building numbered 59 and 61 North street, his esfciblishment having dimensions of 50x60 feet. He has every facility for supplying the trade, and has a number of active salesmen on the road, and furnishes the best class of goods at manufacturers' prices. Wilson & Read, Insurance, Berkshire Life Insurance Building, No. 3 West Street. — The agency conducted by Messrs. Wilson & Bead is probably the oldest in Berkshire county, and was established more than thirty years ago by Messrs. J. M. Dunham & Co. The firm was succeeded by that of Messrs. Flagg, Dunham & Wilson, and they in turn by Messrs. Dunham & Wilson, and in iS83 the present firm, composed of Mr. James Wilson and Mr. F. E. Bead, was formed, and from that time the business has been continued under the firm name of Wilson & Bead. A large business is controlled by the firm, who are experienced, reliable underwriters. All losses are promptly adjusted and paid without delay, and full satisfaction is given to all who have transactions with this office. Among the companies for which the firm is the authorized agent are the yEtna, of Hartford, Conn. ; Hartford, of Hartford ; Connecti- cut, of Hartford ; National, of Hartford ; Meriden, of Meriden, Conn. ; Phu-nix, of Hartford, Conn. ; North British and Mercantile, of London, Eng. ; t^ueen, of Liverpool, Eng. ; Pha-nix, of London ; Im- perial, of London; Loudon Assurance, of London; Northern, of London; Lancashire, of Manchester, Eug. ; Phoenix, of Brooklyn, N. Y; Hanover, of New York, N. Y.; Glens Falls, of Glens Falls, N.Y.; Equitable, of Providence, R. I.; Merchants', of Providence, R. I. ; Springfield, of Springfield, Mass.; American, of Philadelphia, Pa. In these companies policies are written at the very lowest rates compatible with safe, reliable insurance. Both members of the firm are " native and to the manor born," and are among the most prominent business men of Pittsfield. Mr. Wilson was formerly town clerk, and otherwise conspicuous in local affairs, and Mr. Read was for several years assessor, and served during four terms as tax collector, and, in 1883, was a selectman. These gentlemen are thor- oughly posted upon the subject of lire, life, and ac- cident insurance, and conduct the largest agency in the county. G. Blatchford, Books, Music, and Station- ery, etc.. No. 12 North Street. — One of the oldest of the well-known business establishments in Pitts- field is that of Mr. G. Blatchford, which was first established about 1800 by Mr. Phineas Allen, who continued it for some years, and was followed by Nichols & Allen, and this firm by Mr.S. E.Nichols. Mr. J. B. Harrison followed and was succeeded in June of the present year by Mr. Blatchford, who is extending the trade by his enterprise and ability. The store is spacious and presents a front of 30, with a depth of 90 feet. It is well fitted up and arranged, and contains a large and varied assort- ment of books in all styles of bindings, upon all subjects, also school books, music books and musical merchandise, plain, fancy, counting house, and school stationery, albums, blank books, cards, and all those fancy articles that properly belong to the trade. The stock is one of the largest to be found in the city. Mr. Blatchford, who is a native of Brooklyn, N. Y., has become popular since he ha* been in Pittsfield. Etching, engraving, and hand- some framing in special design. George W. Smith, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Choice Family Groceriesand Provisions, No. 79 North Street. — Mr. George W. Smith, whole.sale and retail dealer in choice family groce- riesand provisions, has been established since 1855. The unexcelled quality of the goods carried has made the establishment one of the most prominent and important in the city. Everything belonging to the grocery trade is to be found here, including the finest teas and cofl'ees that are brought into the country, pure spices, sugars, and hermetically sealed goods in tin and glass, table delicacies, conilinients, provisions, and all the leading brands of family and pastry Hour. Mr. Smith, who is a native of Massachusetts, is held in h igh estimation by the mer- chants and citizens of Pittsfield. The store, which is one of the largest and finest in the city, has a frontage of 25 and extends to the rear a depth of 125 feet. It is perfectly fitted up for the efficient conduct of the bnsine-.s. No house has a higher commercial standing or possesses greater facilities for supplying the trade. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 341 H. H. Newton, Real Estate and Loan Agency, No. \h\ North Street. — In the growth and development of this beautiful section of country, during the last decade, Mr. H. II. Newton has taken a prominent part. He etablished his real estate and loan agency in tliiscity in 1S7^^, and by diligently making known tlie advantages for invest- ment and settlement in this section, and its desira- bility as a manufacturing and resident section, he has largely contributed toward the prosperous con- dition of artkirs in this city and vicinity. Mr. Newton buys and sells on commission town and county property, secures reliable tenants, collects rents, and negotiates loans on real estate, and his knowledge of localities and values gives him facili- ties for sale, purchase, exchange, and lease of farms, dwellings, or business houses not surpassed by any land or loan agency in the county. He also draws up deeds, wills, and all legal writing, conveyancing, etc., which is done in the most etKcient manner, and a large number of clients have placed in his hands a long list of desirable properties. Those desiring either to dispose of or to purchase real estate, tind it desirable to consult this reliable busi- ness man. Mr. Newton is a native of Berkshire county, is one of the prominent, influential citizens of this beautiful county seat, and holds the oflice of justice of the peace, which he has filled with credit for the past twenty years. He was selectman in the town of Lanesboro previous to coming to Pittstield, and has also filled the office of deputy sheriti'of Berkshire countj' in a manner satisfactory to all parties, aad proved himself an able and effi- cient officer. O. J. Copeland & Co., Jobbers in Books, Blank Books, etc., Nos. 118 and 120 North Street. — The well-known house of O. J. Copeland & Co. was established by O. J. Copeland about 1879, and continued until April, 1SS3, when he associated with him Mr. N. S. Noyes, and from that time it has been conducted under the present firm name. The premises, which have dimensions of 50x69 feet, are well arranged and specially designed for the business. The stock carried includes a full line of standard works, volumes of poetry, travel, history, science, theology, etc., in all the various styles of bindings, also commercial, fancy, and school sta- tionery, blank books of all kinds, and pooket-book.s, games, albums, music books and musical instru- ments, pictures, chromos, and picture and photo frames in an endless variety, together with gilt and walnut moldings, holiday and birthday cards, and a general line of novelties and Yankee notions too numerous to mention. Mr. (). J. Copeland is from the State of Vermont, and Mr. N. S. Noyes is from the State of New York. Job printing of all kinds is done. Rubber stamps and seal presses are made in the best manner. They also publish auto- glyi>h prints of scenery and general views of Berk- shire county. William Kelly, Undertaking in all its branches, No. VM North Street, Burbank's Upper Block — One of the popular undertakers in Pitts- field is Mr. William Kelly, who is altentive and considerate in the performance of his duties, and can always be depended upon at all hours, either day or night. He furnishes caskets and coffins of the best material and workmanship in any style desired, and also hearse and carriages, robes, and all that is required for funeral purposes, and givss his personal attention to c T. W. Richmond is also a native of North Adams, and was a popular member of the board of select- men of the town. E. W. Hurd, Artist. — An artist of many years' experience, Mr. E. W. Hurd established himself in North Adams as a photographer in, 1874, and his studio on Main street is one of the most complete and popular in this section of the city, and the waiting-rooms are filled with speci- mens of his work Mr. Ilurd makes photographs in any desired size or style, from the miniature carte de visite to the largest cabinet, and in the price, finish, and general excellence of his work he is unsurpassed. Portraits in oil, ink, or crayon are executed in the most artistic manner from life or small pictures, and prices charged are, for first-class work, uniformly reasonable. Mr. Hurd has several skilled assistants, and his facilities for .superior work are all that could be desired. He is a native of Berkshire county. J. M. MePhersoii, Cigar Manufacturer, No. 63 Eagle Street. — This well-known and capable gentleman occupies commodious and convenient quarters, located at No. 63 Eagle street, and during the period he has been manufacturing cigars has given his productions a most excellent reputation, by keeping them to a uniformly high standard of quality and quoting them at tlie lowest possible prices compatible with that quality. Mr. McPher- son is a practical cigarmaker, of ample experience, thoroughly familiar with all the processes of manu- facture, from the selection of the raw material to the last touch of the finished article. .\nd this is one secret of his success in building up a fiounsh- ing trade that extends beyond this town. 348 TOWN OF NORTH ADAMS. T. W. Richmond & Co., Wholesale Coal Dealers, C)tlice and Yards, No. .'U State Street ; Bruncli Ollice, Main Street, Williariistown. — The firm of T. W. Kichiuond & Co. are extensively en- gaged in the coal trade, snpplving a large, wide- spread demand from alt ])arls of this section of Berkshire county, and also from the adjoining States of New York and Vermont. Tlie firm re- ceive the best qualily of anthracite coal from the Lehigh and Carbcmdale regions in Pennsylvania, and also bituminous coal, which is carefully pre- pared for family and manufacturing purposes, and sold by the carload, quantity, or ton, at wholesale or retail at the lowest market rates. Messrs. T. W. Richmond & Co. are the selling agents for the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company and the Clearfield Consolidated Coal Company, and general sales agents for Kobert Hare Powell & Co., for this section of Massachusetts, the eastern section of New Y'ork, and of the State of Vermont. The coal yard, located on State street, is connected with the Boston and Albany, the Fitcliburg, the New Haven and Northampton, the Troy and Boston, and tlie Boston and Hoosac Tunnel and Western railroads by side tracks, and is well provided with shedding and pockets for storage purposes and for receiving freights and making shipments, a full stock of all sizes always being carried so that all demands can be met at the shortest notice. I\Iessrs. T. W. Richmond & Co. are the largest coal agents, ship- pers, and wholesale and retail dealers in Western Massachusetts. The individual members of the firm are T. W. Richmond and E. D. Tyler, the general management of affairs being in charge of Mr. Richmond. He is a member of the park com- missioners, and also of the firm of E. D. Tyler & Co., and was for several years a member of the board of selectmen, and gave universal satisfaction bv his manly, honorable, straightforward course, and the great interest he evinced in promoting the welfare and prosperity of North Adams. William Martin & Co., Boots and Shoes, No. 10 State Street. — For fully forty years Mr. William Martin has been identified with the mer- cantile interests of North Adams. He has for eight years past successfully conducted a flourishing boot and shoe trade under the firm name of Wil- liam Martin & Co., and their establishment is one of the most popular concerns in this line. Messrs. Martin & Co. carry in stock a very large assort- ment of boots, shoes, and rubbers, and supply the best of footwear at lowest possible prices, guaran- teeing satisfaction as to fit, styles, and wearing qualities. The firm are noted for the standard ex- cellence of their merchandise. INIr. Martin is a native of New Hampshire, and was for several terms the able representative of North Adams in the State Legislature, serving on important com- mittees, and was active in advancing the best in- terests of North Adams. He is also a member of the prudential committee of the fire department, and three years ago was an influential member of the board of town assessors. W. C. & 13. Ames, Groceries and Provisions, Holden Street. — This house was founded April ISth, 1886, and from the beginning the business has been conducted with admirable tact and most gratifying success. Tlie store is a model of con- venience and taste. With a frontage of 24 feet on Holden street and a depth of (10 feet, and with en- trance front and rear, the firm have every facility for their large trade and the accommodation of customers. They carry in stock a large and com- plete assortment of fine, fresh fancy and staple gro- ceries, canned goods, and provisions and thechoicest teas, spices, cofl'ees, and produce in the market. The Jlessrs. Ames are natives of Massachusetts. M. Dailey, Manufacturer of Cigars, and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Tobacco, etc.. No. 7 Eagle Street. — A leading and deservedly prosper- ous house in its special line of trade and industry in Berkshire county is that of Mr. M. Dailcy, who occupies a commodious sales-room centrally lo- cated on Eagle street, with his factory on the sec- ond floor, and employs a force of twenty experi- enced workmen in the manufacture of fine Havana and domestic cigars, which for superior flavor and general excellence are unsurpassed. He makes a specialty of fine work, and his leading brands, notably " Bouquets," " Iland-mades," and " M. D's," are, at prices asked, the best in the market, and are so warranted. Mr. Dailey carries a very large and complete assortment of imported cigars, all popu- lar brands of smoking and chewing tobaccos, cigar- ettes, pipes, and smokers' articles generally, and supplies retail dealers and the general public at lowest possible rates. He has by his energy and worth in nine j'ears built up a large wholesale and retail trade. Mr. Dailey is a native of Massachusetts, and is a young man of superior business ability. A. W. Hunter, Steam, Gas, and Water, Plumbing and Heating, No. 5 Main Street. — As successor to Mr. J. J. Marsh, who inaugurated the business here in 1872, Mr. A. AV. Hunter has for twelve years conducted the leading steam-fitting, heating, and plumbing establishment. Hia stock of merchandise, consisting of plunibing, gas, water, and steam fitting supplies, is as complete and ex- tensive as that of any of his craft in Western Mas- sachusetts. Mr. Hunter is a thoroughly practical, scientific artisan, and employs a force of eight skilled assistants in his business. Orders for work are promptly executed in the most workmanlike and satisfactory manner, and, in every sense of the term Mr. Hunter is qualified to plan and execute the most diflicult sanitary work, plumbing, steam- heating, etc., on the most extensive scale. He makes a specialty of house plumbing, mill, and factory work. He is a native of Berkshire county, and is one of the representative business men of North Adams. M. V. N. Bramail, Dealer in (Jroceries and Provisions, Fruits, Vegetables, and Oysters in their Season, No. 12 State Street. — Among the well-known and popular grocers of Berkshire county, Mr. M. V. N. Braman, who established himself in business here in 1877, by his tact and ability has devel- oped a far-reaching trade. The store is centrally located at No. 12 State Street, is 24x70 feet in dimensions, and it is tastefully fitted up and equipped with all the necessary conveniences for the facilitation of business. An extensive stock of groceries, provisions, fruits, vegetables, and oysters in season, canned goods, and table delicacies is always kept on liand. Mr. Braman's prices are uniformly reasonable, and the house bears an exce^^ lent reputation for square dealing. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 349 The Wilson, F. E. Swift, Proprietor, Main Street. — North Adams was prior to l«(i(i but inad- equately jirovided witli first -dass hotels, Ijiit since the opening of the \Vilson House in that year this thrifty, wide-awake business centre lias been able, through the enterprise of Mr. Allen B. Wilson, in- ventor of the sewing machine, who was born in North Adams, and who is a member of the firm of AVheeler & AVilson, whose name is famous throughout the world, to otter entertainment to business men, tourists, and travelers on as excellent a scale as can be obtained in any part of the United States. The building of itself is one of the most imposing structures in Western Massachu- setts, and is the mostprorainentolyect which meets the eye of the visitor. It is constructed of brick in the most substantial manner, and is four stories in height and one hundred and lifty feet square, and has one hundred and five large, spacious, well-ven- tilated, cheerful sleeping-apartments, singly and en suite. The halls are broad and tlie parlors and re- ception-rooms have an air of homelike comfort. Throughout the house is elegantly and tastefully furnished in modern style, and is provided with and has running water in every room, and furnished with steam heating apparatus and lighted by elec- tricity, and is complete and perfect in all its appointments. The house was built and furnished at a cost of over SI 60,000. F. E. Swift, the owner and proprietor, is a gentleman who has had many years' experience as a hotel man, is possessed of ability and tact, and knows exactly how to meet in every respect the requirements and ta.stesof people of refinement. The dining-room is neatly and tastefully fitted np and handsomely decorated, and the cuisine is in charge of those capable and efti- cient in this department. The menu includes everything in season, and notliing is left undone by Mr. Swift, the proprietor, to make the guests com- fortable. Located in the house are well-lighted samjile rooms and also a large hall (the Wilson Opera House), which iji used for concerts and theat- rical entertainments. The f)peraHouse has re- cently been refitted and furnished, and provided with new-style opera cushioned chairs and new scenery has been added which greatly adds to its comfort and attractiveness. On the ground floor, on Main street, there are eight fine, large, handsome stores, all of which are occupied. Mr. Swift, who has conducted the house since lS71,and who bought it in 1881, is a native of Vermont, and is one of the most popular hotel men in the county. Mr. Swift represented the Berkshire District in the Massachu.setts State Senate several years ago, and won the esteem and regard of his constituents by his straightforward, manly course in looking after their interests and the activity he displayed in promoting the advancement of this section of Western Massa- chusetts. M. E. Myprs, Livery, Board, and Feeding Stable, No. 33 State Street. — This stable is one of the most complete and well-conducted in Western Mas-sachusetts. The horses and vehicles are stylish and serviceable, and at most reasonable rates M r. My- ers supplies handsome turnouts for pleasure or busi- ness purposes, and carriages for weddings and fune- rals, and horses are boarded by the meal, week, or month at low prices, and teams in his charge have the utmost care and attention, and all orders have prompt attention, and satisfaction in every par- ticular is uniformly warranted. Mr. Myers is a native of the Green Mountain Stale. He estab- lished himself in his present business in 1871. Geo. F. Miller & Co., General Insurance Agents, Room il, Burlingame Block. — This agency is the oldest and largest in Berkshire county, and was established about forty years ago by Mr. E. D. Whittaker. In 1872 Mr. George !•'. Miller suc- ceeded to the business and consolidated all other agencies, he having full control of the business in the town, which he conducted for some j-ears. About a year ago he as.sociated with him Mr. C A. Brown, and from that time the business has been continued under the present firm name. In giving an idea of the operations of the firm it may be stated that they are the regular authorized agents of about thirty of the oldest time-tried foreign and American fire, life, accident, and plate glass in- surance companies, among which aretliefullowing: Foreign Companies — Sun Fire Office, of England; London Assurance Company, of England; 1 ha-nix Assurance Company, of London; Imperial, of Lon- don; North British and Mercantile, of England; Guardian, (iflyondon ; Brilisli America, of Toronto; Northern, of England; City of London, England; Royal, of Liverpool, England; Commercial I'nion, of London; London and Lancashire, of Eng- land. American Companies — Insurance Com|)any State of Pennsylvania ; First Natidual, of Wor- cester, Ma^s. ; Ameri