LB 1557 
 .K5 
 1884 
 Copy 1 
 
1884 
 
/* 
 
 ro- 
 
TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 A CYCLOPAEDIA 
 
 OF 
 
 NATURAL AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE 
 
 THE ART AND SCIENCE OE TEACHING. 
 
 EMBRACING 
 
 A COMPLETE OUTLINE OF ORTHOGRAPHY, ETYMOLOGY, ELOCUTION, 
 GRAMMAR, RHETORIC, LOGIC, UNITED STATES HISTORY, GEOG- 
 RAPHY, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, ZOOLOGY, 
 PHYSIOLOGY, NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, MENTAL PHILOS- 
 OPHY, CHEMISTRY, GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE, 
 ARITHMETIC, ALGEBRA, GEOMETRY, TRIG- 
 ONOMETRY, ASTRONOMY, METHODS 
 OF INSTRUCTION, AND THE SCI- 
 ENCE OF TEACHING. 
 
 By W. J. KING. 
 
 DEC 24 1884/1 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 A. LOVELL & CO., PUBLISHERS. 
 
 1884. 
 
<5 7 
 
 Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1884, by 
 
 W. J. KING, 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The author of this little volume, having been actively engaged in 
 the work of teaching for many years, has felt the need of a text-book 
 adapted to the school work of all grades, and more particularly re- 
 quired in the higher grades and normal schools ; a text-book that 
 would engender habits of thought on the part of pupils and aid them 
 to develop subjects naturally and logically ; one that would present 
 at a glance the correct outlines of the subjects and give the leading 
 principles of the various branches taught in our schools. Such a text- 
 book the author believes this to be. 
 
 While it may not be complete in itself, by a little elucidation of the 
 subjects on the part of the instructor, and a careful study of the out- 
 lines and principles on the part of the pupils, a fair knowledge of 
 each branch may be gained without reference to any other text-book. 
 
 More particularly is it calculated to be supplementary to ordinary 
 text-books. Its classified arrangement of topics and facts saves much 
 unnecessary labor on the part of pupils. 
 
 This volume is offered to the public with the hope that it may be 
 
 found essential to both teachers and pupils. Should it create a taste 
 
 for scientific investigation and classified knowledge on the part of 
 
 scholars the highest aims of the author will be attained. 
 
 W. J. KING. 
 Benezette, Pa., 
 April i, 1884. 
 
TO TEACHERS AND OTHERS WHO MAY 
 USE THIS BOOK 
 
 The author wishes to offer a few suggestions with reference to the 
 manner of using this book. 
 
 The book is not designed as a text-book, exclusive of any other, 
 but rather as a supplementary book to use in connection with any 
 other text-book. All the facts are here arranged logically, as bases 
 for lessons topically. To illustrate : In United States History, the 
 lesson assigned is Discoveries as a general topic. Subdivided, the 
 first division is by Columbus, then his early life, etc. Allow the pupils 
 to gather information from any source whatever. They may, in their 
 investigation, examine several authors upon the same subject, and 
 thereby increase their knowledge to a greater degree than if simply 
 following the method of question and answer. 
 
 Do not attempt too much : only a few topics at each lesson 
 thoroughly elaborated, and at the close, or the opening of the lesson, 
 require the reproduction of the outline by the class, using the 
 black-board. All the dates given, and principles, should be memo- 
 rized, and the principles, whether philosophical or mathematical, 
 should be rigidly demonstrated and applied to practical problems. 
 
 This book, while it conforms to no text-book, will be found to 
 agree with all in the facts and principles given ; hence it can be 
 successfully used in connection with any series of text-books. 
 
 In teaching primary scholars this book will greatly facilitate the 
 work of the teacher by producing the foundations for oral instruction. 
 .If judiciously used, it will create an interest on the part of pupils 
 throughout the whole course of study that can be attained in no 
 other way. The sciences can, by following this plan, "be taught to 
 the youngest pupils. The teacher can also make this book a fruitful 
 
vi TO TEACHERS AND OTHERS. 
 
 source of information by using the facts stated for bases of general 
 remarks. At times when the interest seems to lag, place a topic or 
 two upon the black-board, and in a very few minutes of elucidation 
 the school will have been awakened, and the next day will reproduce 
 the whole subject-matter presented. The author has no hesitancy in 
 saying, that if teachers will use this book in the manner suggested 
 they will accomplish grand results, even in the primary schools. 
 
 Those persons who may use the book as a means of acquiring 
 instruction without the aid of a teacher will find, by carefully studying 
 the outlines here given, and occasionally referring to any text-book 
 they may have for the details upon the data contained in this, they 
 will become familiar with the subjects in a much shorter time than if 
 they pursued the course generally pursued by students, for a large 
 amount of matter contained in all text-books, which to a great degree 
 embarrass the learner, is here omitted. Only facts are stated, and 
 generalizations are left entirely out. 
 
 These facts stand out as finger-boards to guide the seeker after truth 
 just where he should look, and point out to him just those things for 
 which he should look in any text-book. 
 
 That you mav find this book a most valuable help to prosecute 
 your arduous labors, either as teachers or private students, is the wish 
 of the author. 
 
 W. J. KING. 
 
 Benezette, Pa., 
 April I, 1S84. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Preface iii 
 
 Note to teachers v 
 
 Contents vii 
 
 SECTION I. Orthography i 
 
 SECTION II. Etymology 2 
 
 SECTION III. Elocution 2 
 
 SECTION IV. Grammar: 
 
 Chapter I. Orthography 4 
 
 Chapter II. Etymology 4 
 
 Chapter III. Syntax 7 
 
 Chapter IV. Prosody 8 
 
 SECTION V. Rhetoric: 
 
 Chapter I. Invention 10 
 
 Chapter II. Style 10 
 
 Chapter III. Punctuation 1 1 
 
 Chapter IV. Capitals 1 1 
 
 Chapter V. Criticism 12 
 
 Chapter VI. Composition 12 
 
 SECTION VI. Logic: 
 
 Chapter I. Of terms l 4 
 
 Chapter II. Propositions 15 
 
 Chapter III. Syllogisms J 6 
 
 Chapter IV. Fallacies 16 
 
 Chapter V. Methods 17 
 
 SECTION VII. United States History: 
 
 Chapter I. Early history iS 
 
 Chapter II. Development of the states 25 
 
 Chapter III. Miscellaneous events during this epoch 29 
 
 Chapter IV. Wars of United States 31 
 
VI 11 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 SECTION VIII. Geography: page 
 
 Chapter I. Mathematical 41 
 
 Chapter II. Physical 42 
 
 Chapter III. Political 43 
 
 Chapter IV. Local or state geography 46 
 
 SECTION IX. Physical Geography: 
 
 Chapter I. Geology 49 
 
 Chapter II. Hydrography 50 
 
 Chapter III. Meteorology 52 
 
 Chapter IV. Organic life 53 
 
 Chapter V. Local or state physical geography 54 
 
 SECTION X. Geology: 
 
 C h apter I. Rocks 56 
 
 Chapter II. Volcanoes and earthcpiakes 57 
 
 Chapter III. Fossil remains 57 
 
 SECTION XL Botany: 
 
 Chapter I. Phenogamous plants 59 
 
 Chapter II. Cryptogamous plants 62 
 
 Chapter III. Parts of plants 62 
 
 SECTION XII. Zoology: 
 
 Chapter I. Invertebrates 66 
 
 Chapter II. Vertebrates 67 
 
 SECTION XIII. Physiology: 
 
 Chapter I. Skeleton 71 
 
 Chapter II. Muscles 72 
 
 Chapter III. Integument or skin 72 
 
 Chapter IV. Respiration 73 
 
 Chapter V. Voice 73 
 
 Chapter VI. Circulation 73 
 
 Chapter VII. Food 74 
 
 Chapter VIII. Digestion 75 
 
 Chapter IX. The nervous system 75 
 
 Chapter X. Special senses 76 
 
 Chapter XI. Health and Disease 76 
 
 SECTION XIV. Natural Philosophy: 
 
 Chapter I. Matter 77 
 
 Chapter II. Mechanics 77 
 
 Chapter III. Pneumatics 81 
 
 Chapter IV. Pyronomics 81 
 
 Chapter V. Optics 82 
 
 Chapter VI. Acoustics 84 
 
 Chapter VII. Electricity 85 
 
 Chapter VIII. Magnetism 85 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 IX 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Chapter IX. Astronomy 86 
 
 Chapter X. Meteorology 87 
 
 SECTION XV. Mental Philosophy: 
 
 Chapter I. Empirical psychology 88 
 
 Chapter II. Intellect 88 
 
 Chapter III. Susceptibility 89 
 
 Chapter IV. The will 89 
 
 Chapter V. The mind can attain its end 90 
 
 SECTION XVI. Chemistry: 
 
 Chapter I. Liquid and aeriform matter 91 
 
 Chapter II. Plants 92 
 
 Chapter III. Solids, etc 93 
 
 Chapter IV. Elements 94 
 
 Chapter V. Chemical attraction 95 
 
 SECTION XVII. Governmental Science: 
 
 Chapter I. Principles of government 96 
 
 Chapter II. Kinds of government 96 
 
 Chapter IIT. State governments 97 
 
 Chapter IV. Judicial department 99 
 
 Chapter V! United States government 100 
 
 Chapter VI. Principles of law 103 
 
 SECTION XVIII. Arithmetic: 
 
 Chapter I. Fundamental rules, etc 107 
 
 Chapter II. Decimal fractions no 
 
 Chapter III. United States money 1 1 1 
 
 Chapter IV. Properties of numbers 1 1 1 
 
 Chapter V. Fractions 112 
 
 Chapter VI. Denominate numbers 113 
 
 Chapter VII. Ratio 117 
 
 Chapter VIII. Proportion 117 
 
 Chapter IX. Percentage 117 
 
 Chapter X. Alligation 120 
 
 Chapter XI. Progression 120 
 
 Chapter XII. Involution and evolution 121 
 
 Chapter XIII. Annuities and mensuration 122 
 
 SECTION XIX. Algebra: 
 
 Chapter I. Definitions, etc 125 
 
 Chapter II. Entire quantities 126 
 
 Chapter III. Fractions 1 28 
 
 Chapter IV. Equations 129 
 
 2 
 
X CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Chapter V. Powers and roots 1 29 
 
 Chapter VI. Radicals 130 
 
 Chapter VII. Quadratics and progression 131 
 
 SECTION XX. Geometry: 
 
 Chapter I. Terms and language 132 
 
 Chapter II. Of quadrilaterals 133 
 
 Chapter III. Of polygons 133 
 
 Chapter IV. Of proportion 134 
 
 Chapter V. Of squares on lines 134 
 
 Chapter VI. Of similar triangles 135 
 
 Chapter VII. Of the circle 135 
 
 Chapter VIII. Of measurement of angles 135 
 
 Chapter IX. Of the circumference and area of circles 135 
 
 Chapter X. Of planes and their angles 136 
 
 Chapter XI. Of solids 136 
 
 Chapter XII. Of the pyramid, cylinder, cone, etc 137 
 
 Chapter XIII. Of spherical geometry 137 
 
 Chapter XIV. Mensuration 138 
 
 SECTION XXI. Trigonometry 140 
 
 SECTION XXII. Astronomy: 
 
 Chapter I. Definitions, etc 142 
 
 Chapter II. Planets in their order 143 
 
 Chapter III. Minor planets, comets, etc 145 
 
 SECTION XXIII. Methods of Instruction, or the art of Teach- 
 ing: 
 
 Chapter I. Language and physical science 147 
 
 Chapter II. Mathematics and art 1 50 
 
 SECTION XXIV. Science of Teaching, or School Management: 
 
 Chapter I. School grades, studies, furniture, apparatus, etc 153 
 
 Chapter II. Organization of school 154 
 
 Chapter III. Employment of school 155 
 
 Chapter IV. Government of school 1 57 
 
 Chapter V. School authorities 1 59 
 
TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 ORTHOGRAPHY. 
 
 I. Language. 
 
 I. Natural. 
 
 A , .j- ■ , \ i. Spoken. 
 2. Artificial. < „ ,/r ... 
 
 J (2. Written. 
 
 II. Elementary sounds. 
 
 i . Vocals, 
 i. Subvocals. 
 
 3. Aspirates. 
 
 4. Equivalents. 
 
 1. According , 
 to use. 1 
 
 1. Vowels. 
 
 DIVISIONS. 
 
 |^ 2. Consonants. 
 
 f 1. Labials. 
 
 2. According j 2. Linguals. 
 IIL LETTERS AND ^ to genera. \ 3. Dentals. 
 
 4. Palatals. 
 
 1. Capitals. 
 
 2. Script. 
 
 3. According 
 to form. 
 
 r JTU . . I 3. Small letters. 
 
 1 . Ultimate. y J 
 
 2. Penult. 
 
 IV. Syllables. j 3. Antepenult. 
 
 4. Pre-antepenult. 
 
 5 . Poly-pre-antepenult. 
 
 V. ACCENT, j 2< Secondary% 
 
 C 1. Diphthong. 
 < 2. Triphthong. 
 ( 3. Digraph. 
 
 1. Mutes. 
 
 2. Semivowels. 
 { 3. Liquids. 
 
 I 4. Nasals. 
 ^ 5. Sibilants. 
 
 J" 1. Roman. 
 
 j 2. Italic. 
 
 j 3. Old English. 
 
 [4. Uses. 
 
 f 1. Pica. 
 
 2. Small Pica. 
 
 3. Long Primer. 
 
 4. Bourgeois. 
 
 5. Brevier. 
 
 6. Minion. 
 
 7. Nonpareil. 
 
 8. Agate. 
 
 9. Diamond. 
 10. Pearl. 
 
TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 VI. Spelling. 
 
 VII. Figures. \ 
 
 
 
 'I. 
 
 Macron. 
 
 I. 
 
 RlttcS. 
 
 
 Breve. 
 
 Tilde. 
 Diaeresis 
 
 2. 
 3- 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Diacritical marks. - 
 
 2. 
 3- 
 
 
 4- 
 
 
 
 5- 
 
 Cedilla. 
 
 
 
 .6. 
 
 Caret. 
 
 I. 
 
 ApJucresis. 
 
 
 
 2. 
 
 Syncope. 
 
 
 
 3- 
 
 Apocope. 
 
 
 
 4- 
 
 Prosthesis. 
 
 
 
 5- 
 
 Paragoge. 
 
 
 
 6. 
 
 Tmesis. 
 
 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 ETYMOLOGY. 
 
 S 1 - 
 
 I. Derivation of words. 1 2. 
 
 (3- 
 
 Roots. 
 
 '1. 
 
 Nouns. 
 
 Prefixes, 
 
 2 
 
 Pronouns. 
 
 Suffixes. 
 
 3- 
 
 Verbs. 
 
 
 
 1. According to 
 
 4- 
 
 Adjectives. 
 
 
 
 their use. 
 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 Adverbs. 
 Prepositions. 
 
 II. Classification of words 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 7- 
 
 [8. 
 
 ri. 
 
 Conjunctions 
 Interjections. 
 Simple. 
 
 III. Signification of words. 
 
 
 2. According to 
 
 2. 
 
 Compound. 
 
 IV. Analysis of words. 
 
 
 their form. 
 
 U: 
 
 Primitive. 
 
 V. Synonyms. 
 
 
 Derivative. 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 ELOCUTION. 
 
 ' 1. Oral elements. 
 
 I. Orthoepy. i. Articulation. 
 
 ( 1. Vocals 
 j -7 
 
 2. Organs of speech. 
 
 Subvocals. 
 3. Aspirates. 
 
 1. Lips. 
 
 2. Teeth. 
 
 j 3. Tongue. 
 [4. Palate. 
 
ELOCUTION. 
 
 I. Orthoepy. 
 
 ' 2. Syllabication. 
 
 Accent. 
 
 i. Monosyllable. 
 
 2. Dissyllable, 
 
 i 3. Trisyllable. 
 
 [4. Polysyllable. 
 
 t _ T\' 
 
 3 1. Primary. 
 \ 2. Se 
 
 II. Expression. 
 
 .. Secondary. 
 
 11. Absolute. 
 2. Antithetic. 
 3. Cumulative. 
 4. Rules. 
 ( 1. Rising. 
 2. Falling. 
 3. Inflections. \ 3. Circumflex, 
 j 4. Monotone. 
 { 5. Rules. 
 
 Emphasis. 
 2. Slur. 
 
 4. Modulations of voice. 
 
 1. Pitch. 
 
 2. Force. 
 
 C 1. High. 
 
 - 2. Medium. 
 
 ( 3. Low. 
 
 f 1. Strong. 
 
 j 2. Moderate. 
 
 3. Gentle. 
 
 ( 4. Subdued. 
 
 f 1. Pure. 
 
 I 2. Orotund. 
 
 3. Quality. ] 3. Guttural. 
 
 I 4. Aspirated. 
 
 1 5. Tremulous. 
 
 1. Rapid. 
 
 2. Moderate. 
 
 3. Slow. 
 
 [4. Rate. 
 
 [_ 3. blow 
 f 1. Of the different languages 
 j 2. Of different persons in the same 
 Impersonation. * language. 
 
 3. Of old persons. 
 
 4. Children and young persons. 
 
 1. Comma. 
 
 2. Semicolon. 
 
 3. Colon. 
 
 4. Period. 
 
 5. Interrogation. 
 
 6. Exclamation. 
 
 7. Dash. 
 
 8. Parenthesis. 
 
 9. Brackets. 
 10. Suspension. 
 
 I 11. Rhetorical. 
 
 ' 1. Kinds 
 
 6. Pauses. 
 
 2. Rules 
 
TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 I. Letters. 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 GRAMMAR. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— ORTHOGRAPHY. 
 
 Vowels. 
 
 2. Consonants. 
 
 j 
 it 
 
 Cap it a Is. 
 
 Small letters (see ante, page i). 
 
 Diphthongs. 
 
 Triphthongs. 
 
 Mutes. 
 
 Semivowels. 
 
 Liquids. 
 
 \ (See ante, page i.) 
 
 Uses. 
 
 II. Syllables (see ante, page i). 
 
 III. ACCENT. \ \ P SZ a 2™ 
 
 ( 2. Secondary. 
 
 IV. Diacritical marks (see ante, page i). 
 V. Spelling. 
 
 VI. Figures (see ante, page 2). 
 
 CHAPTER II.— ETYMOLOGY. 
 
 I. Derivation of words (see ante, page 2). 
 
 1. According to number of syllables 
 (see ante, page 1). 
 
 2. According to form (see ante, page 
 2). 
 
 3. According to use, and — 1. Nouns. 
 1 1. Collective. 
 < z. Abstract. 
 ( 3. Verbal, 
 f 1. Masculine. 
 
 II. Classification of words. 
 
 I. Nouns. 
 
 I. Classes. 
 
 ( 1. Common. 
 
 ( 2. Proper. 
 ' 1. Gender. 
 
 2. Properties. 
 
 2. Person. 
 
 3. Number. 
 
 ! 2. Feminine. 
 ) 3. Common. 
 ^4. Neuter. 
 
 1. First. 
 
 2. Second. 
 
 3. Third. 
 
 \ 1. Singular. 
 '( 2. Plural. 
 
GRAMMAR. 
 
 I. Nouns. 2. Properties. 4- Case. 
 
 Nomina- 
 tive. 
 
 1. Common. 
 
 2. Independent. 
 
 3. Absolute. 
 
 4. Apposition. 
 
 5. Predicate. 
 
 2. Possessive. 
 
 Objec- . 
 
 tive. 
 
 II. Pronouns. - 
 
 Classes. 
 
 - 2. Properties. 
 
 3- 
 
 It 
 
 1. 
 2. 
 3- 
 4- 
 
 Personal. 
 
 Relative. 
 
 Interrogative 
 
 Responsive. 
 
 Adjective. 
 
 Gender. 
 Person. 
 Number. 
 Case. 
 
 1 . After a verb. 
 
 2. After a preposi- 
 tion. 
 
 3. By apposition. 
 j 1. Simple. 
 
 ) 2. Compound. 
 ( 1. Simple. 
 ( 2. Compound. 
 
 f 1 . Distributive. 
 I 2. Demonstrative. 
 
 3. Indefinite. 
 
 4. Reciprocal. 
 
 See above. 
 
 fi 
 
 Descrip- 
 tive. 
 
 III. Adjec- 
 tives. 
 
 1. Classes. 
 
 1. Common. 
 
 2. Proper. 
 
 I 3. Participle. 
 [4. Compound. 
 
 " 1. Numeral. 
 
 2. Com- 
 parison. 
 
 2,Pronomi-j, 
 nal. \ 3 
 
 2. Defi ni 
 ^ tive. 
 f 1. Positive 
 I 2. Com- 
 parative. 
 Superla- 
 tive. . 
 1. According to their form. 
 
 IV. Verbs. 
 
 I. Classifica- 
 tion. 
 
 I 
 
 According to \ 1. Not finite 
 their syntax. \ 2. Finite. 
 
 With reference to the \ 1. 
 object. ( 2 - 
 
 With reference to S 1. 
 each other. ( 2. 
 
 \ 1. Active. 
 
 ( 2. Passive 
 
 Cardinal. 
 
 Ordinal. 
 
 Indefinite. 
 
 Multiplicative. 
 
 Distributive. 
 
 Demonstrative. 
 
 Indefinite. 
 
 1. Regular. 
 
 2. Irregular. 
 
 I 3. Redundant. 
 [4. Defective. 
 Partici- 
 ples. 
 Infini- 
 tives. 
 Transitive. 
 Intransitive. 
 Principal. 
 Auxiliary. 
 
 1. Voice. 
 
 2. Properties. } 2. Mood 
 
 Tense. 
 
 3- 
 4- 
 
 Indicative. 
 
 Potential. 
 
 Subjunctive. 
 
 Imperative. 
 
 Present. 
 
 Present perfect. 
 
TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 \ 2. Properties. 
 
 IV. Verbs. \ 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 V. Prepositions. 
 
 3. Tense. 
 
 4. Forms of the tenses. 
 
 5. Person. 
 
 6. Number. 
 
 Princ i pal 
 parts. 
 
 Synopsis. 
 Conjugation. 
 
 1. Adjunct. 
 
 2. Principal word. 
 1. Of time 
 
 3. Past. 
 
 4. Past perfect. 
 
 5. Future. 
 
 6. Future perfect. 
 ' 1. Common. 
 
 2. Emphatic. 
 
 3. Passive. 
 
 4. Progressive 
 
 5. Ancient 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 
 1. First. 
 
 2. Second. 
 
 3. Third. 
 S 1. Singular. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Present tense. 
 Past tense. 
 Present participle 
 Perfect participle. 
 
 Interrogative. 
 Negative. 
 
 I 2. 
 I 3 ' 
 
 U- 
 
 VI. Adverbs. - 
 
 I. Classes. 
 
 2. Properties. 
 
 3. Forms of comparison. 
 
 VII. CONJUNCTIONS.] -£%t^. 
 
 2. Of place. 
 
 3. Of degree. 
 
 4. Of manner. 
 
 5. Of cause. 
 
 6. Of extent. 
 
 7. Of quantity. 
 
 8. Of addition. 
 Of exclusion. 
 Of emphasis. 
 Of negation. 
 
 \ 1. To modify. 
 \ 2. To connect. 
 
 i 1. Positive degree. 
 
 2. Comparative. 
 
 3. Superlative. 
 
 9- 
 10. 
 
 1 1 . 
 
 VIII. Interjections. 
 
 Of grief. 
 Of pain. 
 Of joy. 
 Of laughter. 
 Of contempt. 
 Of dislike. 
 Of welcome. 
 
 9- 
 10. 
 1 1. 
 
 12. 
 
 *3- 
 
 Of surprise. 
 Of calling. 
 Of silence. 
 Of direction. 
 Of intensity. 
 Of wonder. 
 
GRAMMAR. 
 
 CHAPTER III.— SYNTAX. 
 
 Analysis of 
 sentences. 
 
 I . Verbal. 
 
 Phrasal. * 
 
 3. Clausal. 
 
 \ 1 . Principal words. ( 
 \ 2. Modifying words. < 
 
 1. Substantive phrase. ( 
 
 2. Subjective phrase. 
 
 3. Objective phrase. 
 
 4. Adverbial phrase. 
 
 5. Adjective phrase. 
 
 6. Prepositional phrase. 
 
 7. Simple phrase. 
 
 8. Complex phrase. 
 
 9. Compound phrase. 
 
 1. Independent clause. 
 
 2. Substantive clause. 
 
 3. Subjective clause. 
 
 4. Dependent clause. 
 
 5. Adjective clause. 
 
 6. Adverbial clause. 
 
 7. Subjunctive clause. 
 
 8. Objective clause. 
 
 9. Simple clause. 
 
 0. Complex clause. 
 
 1. Compound clause. 
 
 r 1. Subject. 
 
 1. Adjectives. 
 
 2. Adverbs. 
 
 1. Elements. 
 
 j 1. Simple. 
 \ 2. Compound. 
 
 Simple. 
 Compound. 
 
 II. Synthesis 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 OF 
 
 2. Connectives. 
 
 2. Predicate. 
 
 3. Independent 
 
 1. Conjunctions. 
 
 2. Prepositions. 
 
 3. Relative pronouns. 
 
 4. Responsive pronouns. 
 
 5. Conjunctive adverbs, 
 f 1. Adjectives 
 
 3. Modifiers. 
 
 1. Words. 
 
 2. Phrases. 
 
 3. Clauses. 
 
 2. Possessives. 
 
 3. Appositives. 
 
 4. Participles. 
 
 III. Classes 
 
 SENTENCES, 
 
 OF \ I. Simple. 
 \ 2. Complex. 
 
 Declarative. 
 Interrogative. 
 Imperative. 
 Exclamatory. 
 
 Infinitives. 
 Adjunct. 
 Appositive. 
 Participle. 
 Infinitive. 
 Adjective. 
 Relative clause. 
 Appositive clause. 
 Adverbial clause. 
 Conjunctive clause. 
 
TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 III. Classes 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 IV Parsing. 
 
 OF 
 
 I 3. Compound. 
 
 As above, also- 
 Copulative. 
 Disjunctive. 
 Illative. 
 
 C 1 Name words. 
 < 2. Name properties, 
 f 3. Apply rule. 
 
 I 1. Ellipsis. 
 
 Aposiopcsis. 
 
 ZeuFtHa. 
 
 V. Figures of syntax. 
 
 4. Pleonasm. 
 
 5. Enallage. 
 
 6. Inversion. 
 
 7. Archaism. 
 
 8. Mimicry. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— PROSODY. 
 
 I. Versification. 
 
 I. Poetic feet. 
 
 2. Poetic lines. 
 
 3. Poetic pauses. 
 
 Rhymes 
 
 stanzas. 
 
 Poetic licence. 
 
 Principal. 
 
 2. Secondary. 
 
 1. Iambus. 
 
 2. Trochee. 
 
 3. Anapest. 
 
 4. Dactyl. 
 
 ( 1. Spondee. 
 ^ 2. Pyrrhic. 
 3. Cassura. 
 
 « ;? d 
 
 1. Monometer. 
 
 2. Dimeter. 
 
 3. Trimeter. 
 
 4. Tetrameter. 
 
 5. Pentameter. 
 
 6. Hexameter. 
 
 7. Heptameter. 
 
 8. Octometer. 
 \ 1. Caesural. 
 
 \ 2. Final. 
 
 [ 1. Blank verse. 
 
 2. Heroic verse. 
 
 3. Couplet. 
 
 4. Stanza. 
 
 5. Scanning. 
 
 1. In spelling. 
 
 2. In pronunciation. 
 
 3. In choice of words. 
 
 4. In meaning of words. 
 
 5. In idioms. 
 
 6. In syntax. 
 
 7. In figures. 
 
 8. In versification. 
 
II. 
 
 III. 
 
 
 GRAMMAR. 
 
 
 ' i. Articulation. 
 
 
 2. Degree of loudness. 
 
 
 3. Degree of rapidity. 
 
 Utterance. 
 
 4. Inflections. 
 
 
 5. Tones. 
 
 
 6. Emp/iasis. 1 1. Grammatical 
 
 
 7. Pauses. < 1. Rhetorical. 
 
 
 1. Period. ( 3. Metrical. 
 
 
 2. Colon. 
 
 
 3. Semicolon. 
 
 
 4. Comma. 
 
 
 5. Interrogation. 
 
 Punctuation. 
 
 6. Exclamation. 
 
 
 7. /W/. 
 
 
 8. Curves or parenthesis. 
 
 
 9. Brackets. 
 
 
 10. Hyphens. 
 
 
 11. Underscore, 
 
SECTION V. 
 
 RHETORIC. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— INVENTION. 
 
 I. Selection of subject. 
 
 II. Collecting 
 
 MATERIAL. 
 
 1 3. 
 
 III. Arrangement. 
 
 i. Manner of obtaining a subject. 
 
 2. Qualities of the subject. 
 
 3. Its relation to the writer. 
 
 4. Its adaptability to the occasion. 
 
 5. The statement of the subject. 
 
 1 1. Observation. 
 
 Source of material. 
 Rules for reading. ( 
 
 Rules for reflection. 
 
 \ 1. Analytical. ( 1. 
 
 I 2. Synthetical. - 2. 
 (3- 
 
 2. Reflection. 
 
 3. Reading. 
 
 \ 1. Ask questions. 
 | 2. Answer questions. 
 Introduction. 
 Discussion. 
 Conclusion. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— STYLE. 
 
 I. Necessity. 
 
 II. General law 
 
 III. Diction. 
 
 IV. Sentences. 
 
 \ The most excellent form of expression yields the idea 
 
 \ it contains with but small loss of mental power. 
 
 Gather good words. 
 
 Use pure words. 
 
 Avoid barbarism. 
 
 Use naturalized words. 
 
 Form new words. 
 
 6. Avoid impropriety. 
 
 7. Be precise in the use of words. 
 
 1. Should have concord. 
 
 u 
 
 Simple. 
 
 Complex. 
 
 Compound. 
 
 V. Paragraphs. 
 
 VI. Figures. 
 
 Origin of. 
 Advantage of. 
 
 Kinds of. 
 
 all 
 
 of 
 
 which 
 
 2. Should be clear in lan- 
 guage. 
 
 3. Should adhere to unity. 
 
 4. Should be forcible. 
 
 5. Should possess harmony. 
 
 1. Simile. 
 
 2. Metaphor. 
 
 3. Personification. 
 
 4. Allegory. 
 
 5. Synecdoche. 
 
 6. Metonymy. 
 
 7. Exclamation. 
 
 8. Hyperbole. 
 
RHETORIC. 
 
 U 
 
 VI. Figures. 
 
 VII. Variety. 
 
 9. Apostrophe. 
 
 10. Vision. 
 
 1 1. Antithesis. 
 
 3. Kinds of . \ 12. Climax. 
 
 4. Rales for. 13. Epigram. 
 
 14. Interrogation. 
 
 15. Irony. 
 By changing diction. 
 
 [ 1. To express interrogation. 
 By changing | 2. To express exclamation. 
 sentences. | 3. From negative to positive. 
 4. From direct to indirect. 
 
 
 CHAPTER 
 
 III.— PUNCTUATION. 
 
 I. The necessity for. f 1. Comma. 
 
 
 „ , . , | 2. Semicolon. 
 1. Grammatical. , 3 Co , on 
 
 
 1 4. Period. 
 
 
 
 r 1. Interrogation. 
 
 
 
 2. Exclamation. 
 
 
 2. Rhetorical. 3. Dash. 
 
 
 1 4. Parenthesis. 
 [ 5. Quotation. 
 
 
 II. Points. - 
 
 
 1 . Of accent. 
 
 2. Apostrophe. 
 
 3. Braces. 
 
 4. Caret. 
 
 5. Cedilla. 
 
 6. Brackets. 
 
 7. Diaeresis. 
 
 8. Ellipsis. 
 
 
 3. Printer s marks. 
 
 9. Emphasis. 
 
 
 10. Hyphen. 
 
 
 11. Leaders. 
 
 
 12. Leads. 
 
 
 13. Paragraph. 
 
 
 14. Quality marks. 
 
 
 15. Reference marks 
 
 
 16. Section marks. 
 
 
 
 
 17. Tilde. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— CAPITALS. 
 
 I. Kinds. 
 
 fi. Common. 
 I 2. Roman. 
 
 3. Italics. 
 
 4. Old English. 
 
 5. German text. 
 
12 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 II. Uses. 
 
 i. First Words. 
 
 2. Headings. 
 
 3. Quoted Titles. 
 
 4. Names of Deity. 
 
 5. Biblical terms. 
 
 6. Proper Names. 
 
 7. Derivatives from Proper Names. 
 
 8. Titles of office and Honor. 
 
 9. Personification. 
 
 10. Pronoun I. 
 
 1 1. Interjection O. 
 
 CHAPTER V.— CRITICISM. 
 
 The necessity for. 
 
 1 . Absolute 
 
 II. The kinds of. 
 
 \ 
 
 including style. 1 
 
 2. Relative, including taste. 
 
 Quality of taste. 
 Variation of taste. 
 Cultivation of taste. 
 Universality of taste. 
 Catholicity of taste. 
 Pleasures of taste. 
 
 CHAPTER VI.— COMPOSITION. 
 
 I. Prose. 
 
 1. Descriptions. \ 1 
 
 2. Narrations. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 History. 
 
 Biography. 
 
 Novels. 
 
 Essays. 
 
 8. Reviews. 
 
 9. Orations. 
 
 Purpose of 
 Kinds. 
 
 II. Poetry. 
 
 U 
 
 The purpose. 
 Tin '■ ' * r 
 
 • kindi 
 
 U 
 
 3. Parts. 
 
 Kinds. 
 
 Qualities. 
 Parts. 
 
 Lyric. 
 Epic. 
 
 1. Didactic. 
 
 2. News. 
 
 3. Business. 
 
 4. ( (fficial. 
 
 5. ( )f introduction. 
 
 6. Of friendship. 
 I 7. Notes. 
 
 Superscription. 
 
 Body. 
 
 Subscription. 
 
 Address. 
 
 I 1. Deliberative. 
 
 2. Judicial. 
 • 3. Demonstrative. 
 I 4. Lectures. 
 { 5. Sermons. 
 ( 1. Exordium. 
 - 2. Discussion. 
 / 3. Peroration. 
 I 1. Songs. 
 I 2. Odes. 
 I 3. Elegies. 
 
 4. Sonnets. 
 
RHETORIC. 
 
 13 
 
 II. Poetry. 2. The kinds. 
 
 3. Dramatic. 
 
 4. Didactic. 
 
 1. Feet. 
 
 III. Versification. 
 
 2. Verse. 
 
 3. Stanzas. 
 
 1. Tragedies. 
 
 2. Comedies. 
 
 1. Philosophical. 
 
 2. Moral. 
 
 3. Meditative. 
 I 4. Satires. 
 
 1. Spondee. 
 
 2. Iambic. 
 
 3. Trochee. 
 
 4. Dactyl. 
 
 5. Anapest. 
 
 6. Amphiambus. 
 
 Monometer. 
 Dimeter. 
 Trimeter. 
 Tetrameter. 
 Pentameter. 
 Hexameter. 
 Heroic. 
 Blank verse. 
 9. Rhyme. 
 
 1. Distich. 
 
 2. Triplet. 
 
 3. Quatrain. 
 
 4. Rhyme-Royal. 
 
 5. Ottava Rima. 
 
 6. Terza Rima. 
 
 7. Sonnet Stanza. 
 
 1. Ulcerative. 
 
 2. Assonatal. 
 
 3. Consonatal. 
 
 4. Triple. 
 
 5. Middle. 
 
SECTION VI. 
 
 LOGIC. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— OF TERMS. 
 
 I. Conceptions. 
 
 II. Substance 
 properties. 
 
 AND 
 
 III. Of the whole 
 
 AND ITS PARTS. 
 
 ( i. Their formation. 
 < 2. Their object. 
 ( 3. Their relation. 
 
 1. Sphere. 
 
 2. Matter. 
 
 3. Essentia. , 
 
 4. Genus. 
 
 5. Differentia. < 
 
 6. Species. 
 
 7. Individual. 
 
 8. Accidental. 
 1. Quantify. 
 
 2. Division. 
 
 r 1. Cause. 
 
 IV. Cause and effect. 
 
 2. Effect. 
 
 V. Difference and resemblance. 
 
 Co-ordinate. 
 
 Disparate. 
 
 Absolute. 
 
 1. General. 
 
 2. Collective. 
 
 1. Logical. 
 
 2. Continuous. 
 
 3. Discrete. 
 Physical. 
 Mathematical. 
 Logical. 
 
 I 4. Relative. 
 
 1. Absolute cause. 
 
 2. Relative cause. 
 
 3. Primary. 
 
 4. Secondary. 
 
 5. Efficient. 
 
 6. Occasional. 
 
 7. Material. 
 
 8. Formal. 
 
 9. Final. 
 
 10. Negative. 
 
 1 1 . Transient. 
 
 12. Permanent. 
 
 13. Immanent. 
 ' 1. Immediate. 
 
 2. Remote. 
 
 3. Direct. 
 
 4. Accidental. 
 
 1. Similarity. 
 
 2. Contrariety. 
 
 3. Analogy. 
 
LOGIC. 
 
 15 
 
 CHAPTER II.— PROPOSITIONS. 
 
 I. Judgment. 
 
 1. Scope of judgment. 
 
 2. Kinds 0/ judgment. 
 
 II. Terms of a proposition. 
 
 }2. 
 
 1. Categorical. 
 
 2. Conditional. 
 
 3. Disjunctive. 
 
 4. Relative. 
 
 I 5. Hypothetical. 
 
 I 6. Probable. 
 Subject. 
 Predicate. 
 
 ( 1. Forms. 
 
 III. Copula. 1 2. Effects. 
 
 ( 3. Classification. 
 
 IV. Completeness of propositions 
 
 1. Comprehensive. 
 
 V. Quantity of judgment. 
 
 VI. Quality of judgment. 
 
 VII. Modality of judgment 
 
 VIII. Cardinal propositions. 
 
 IX. Distribution of terms 
 
 X. Immediate inference. < 
 
 Intensive. 
 Portensive. 
 Affirmative. 
 Negative. 
 
 1. Problematical. 
 
 2. Assertive. 
 
 3. Apodictical. 
 
 1. Universal affirmatives. 
 
 2. Universal negatives. 
 1 3. Particular affirmatives. 
 I 4. Particular negatives. 
 
 1. Universal propositions ; subject. 
 
 2. Negative propositions ; predicate. 
 
 1. Opposition of K 1. Contraries. 
 judgment. \ 2. 
 
 2. C n t r a-posi- \ 1. 
 Hon. ) 2. 
 
 Conversion. 
 
 \ i 
 
 Sub-contraries. 
 
 Extra-position. 
 
 Contra-position. 
 
 Simple. 
 
 Accidents. 
 
 XI. Complex propositions. 
 
 Substitution of terms. 
 
 1. Expletives. 
 
 2. Differential. 
 
 3. Exclusive. 
 
 4. Conditional. 
 
 f 1. Express. 
 
 XII. Compound propositions. \ 
 
 XIII. Comparative judgment. 
 
 XIV. Probable judgment. \ 2 
 
 1. Copulative. 
 
 2. Causal. 
 
 3. Discretive. 
 
 [4. Conditional. 
 
 T ,,. , S i- Exceptive. 
 2. Implied. J 2> Exclu F sive> 
 
 1. Simple comparatives. 
 
 2. Comparatives of intensity. 
 
 3. Comparatives of relation. 
 Favorable. 
 
 Unfavorable. 
 Antecedent. 
 
i6 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 ( i. Sequence. 
 
 XV. Conditional judgment. ) 2. Complex condition. 
 
 ( 3. Compound condition. 
 
 XVI. Disjunctive. Middle excluded. 
 
 I 1. Identity. 
 
 ,„, TT . T 2. Contradiction. 
 
 XVII. Affirmation. | ^ Cause or reason> 
 
 (^4. Middle excluded. 
 
 CHAPTER III.— SYLLOGISMS. 
 
 S 1 - 
 
 I. Classification. J 2. 
 
 (3- 
 
 II. Pure categorical. 
 
 Major premises. 
 Minor premises. 
 Conclusion. 
 
 Categorical. -I 2. 
 
 Conditional. ( 3. 
 Disjunctive. 
 \ 1. Of figures. 
 ) 2. Of mood. 
 III. Indirect conclusion. 
 
 ■ V. CONVERSE OP SVLLOG.SMS. j £ %£*£»£«■ 
 
 V. Complex syllogisms. 
 
 VI. Compound syllogisms. 
 
 VII. INCOMPLETE POEMS, j \ g*"£S* 
 
 i. Pro-syllogisms. 
 2. Epi-syllogisms. 
 
 IX. Compound judgment in syllogisms. 
 
 1 1. Simple comparatives. 
 
 ■ 2. Intensity as a cause. 
 
 ( 3. Of manner, time, and place. 
 
 The sum of all the parts is the whole. 
 
 The remainder, with the part taken from 
 
 the whole, is a whole. 
 
 1 1 . Oivisives. 
 
 < 2 
 
 VIII. Redundant syllogisms. 
 
 X. Comparative syllogisms. 
 
 \ 
 
 XI. Probable syllogisms. - 2 
 
 XII. Conditional syllogisms. 
 
 XIII. Disjunctive syllogisms. 
 
 2. Comprehensives. 
 
 3. Dilemma. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.-FALLACIES. 
 
 I. In form. 
 
 II. In matter. 
 
 III. In diction. 
 
 IV. Extra logical 
 
 V. Of composition. 
 
 VI. Of accidents. 
 
 1. Equivocation. 
 
 2. Amphibohae. 
 
 3. Composition. 
 
 4. Division. 
 
 5. Figures of speech. 
 
 1. Ignoratio. 
 
 2. Elenchi. 
 
 3. Petitio. 
 
 4. Principii. 
 
LOGIC. 
 
 17 
 
 CHAPTER V.— METHODS. 
 
 I. Order an element in method 
 H. Ideas in method. 
 
 III. The matter of method 
 
 1. 
 
 IV. Methods o f S 
 investigation. 1 
 
 V. Average and exclusion. 
 
 \ 1. Logical. 
 
 VI. Analysis. | 2 Ph y sica i. 
 
 VII. Induction and analogy 
 
 1. Pleasure. 
 
 2. Utility. 
 
 3. Good. 
 
 4. Beautiful. 
 
 5. True. 
 Analytic judgment. 
 Synthetic judgment. 
 Necessary matter. 
 Contingent matter. 
 Conjecture. 
 
 6. Hypothesis. 
 By observation. 
 
 By measurement. , ( whole to part s. 
 \ 2. Parts to whole. 
 
 Ji- 
 
 VIII. Elimination. <; 
 
 IX. Methods 
 
 OF PROOF. 
 
 X. Refutation 
 
 Formal to find modal. 
 2. Modal to find formal. 
 <_ 3. Phenomenon to find class. 
 1. Nc two simple causes produce the same effect, 
 
 and vice-versa. 
 2 Removal of cause, removes effect. 
 3. Magnitude of effect, varies with magnitude of 
 
 cause. _ 
 
 4 The same cause always produces the same eftect. 
 
 1. Eliminate any element in com- 
 plex antecedent, its consequent 
 will disappear also. 
 
 2. If there is a regular disagree- 
 ment in several antecedents in 
 all the elements but one, that 
 one is considered as the cause 
 of any unvarying element in the 
 
 Laws of consequents of the diverse an- 
 elimination. ' tecedents. 
 
 Diminish the cause or increase 
 it, and the effect will also be 
 increased or diminished. 
 Remove one phenomenon, and 
 Bv demonstration. if the others disappear, the one 
 
 By deduction. removed was the cause, but if 
 
 By principles of in- the others remain, it was the 
 terpretation. I effect. 
 
 ) 1. Bv induction. 
 Appeal to facts, -j 2 Concurrence. 
 
 By progressive approach. 
 
 1. Direct refutation. 
 
 2. Indirect refutation. 
 
 3. Personal refutation. 
 
SECTION VII. 
 
 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— EARLY HISTORY. 
 
 I. Discoveries. - 
 
 I. By Columbus. 
 
 2. By Cabot. 
 
 _ 3. By Vespucci. 
 
 'I. By the Spanish, 
 
 II. Explorations. 
 
 1. His early life (born 1436). 
 
 2. His seeking aid. 
 
 3. His outfit. 
 
 4. Incidents of his voyage. 
 
 5. The landing. 
 
 6. Return. 
 
 7. Subsequent voyages. 
 
 8. Date of discovery (1492). 
 
 9. His death (May 20, 1506). 
 
 jo. His burial, first, Seville; then, 
 San Domingo; and last, in 1796, 
 Havana, Cuba. 
 
 1. Description of voyage. 
 
 2. Places explored (1494). 
 
 3. Date of discovery (1497). 
 
 1. His voyage. 
 
 2. His description of the country. 
 
 3. Name and date (1499). 
 
 1. Ponce de Leon (1 5 12). 
 
 2. Balboa (151 3). 
 
 3. Cordova (15 17). 
 
 4. Grijalva (15 18). 
 
 5. Cortez (i 519). 
 
 6. Ayllon (1520). 
 
 2. By the French. 
 
 Magellan (1520). 
 
 8. Narvaez (1528). 
 
 9. De Soto (1539). 
 
 10. Melendez (1565). 
 
 11. Espejo (1582). 
 
 12. Result of these. 
 1^ Denys (1506). 
 
 2. Verrazzani (1524). 
 
 3. Cartier (1534). 
 
 4. Coligny (1562). 
 
 5. De Gourgues (1567). 
 
 6. De Monts (1604). 
 
 7. Champlain (1608). 
 
 8. Jesuit missionaries 
 q. Result of these 
 
 (1634). 
 
 (1660). 
 (1668). 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY. 
 
 19 
 
 ' 3. By the English. 
 
 II. Explorations. 
 
 4. By the Dutch. 
 
 { 
 
 III. Early Settle- 
 ments. 
 
 By the Spanish. 
 
 2. By the French. 
 
 3. By the English. 
 
 { 4. By the Dutch. 
 IV. Development of the Colonies : 
 
 I. Virginia. - 
 
 1. When? (1607). 
 
 2. Where? (Jamestown). 
 
 3. By whom? (English). 
 
 f 1. Domestic 
 
 4. Important J 
 events. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 5. Starving time (1610). 
 
 6. Character of people. 
 
 7. Progress in. 
 
 Frobisher (1576). 
 Sir Francis Drake (1579)- 
 Humphrey Gilbert (1583). 
 Walter Raleigh J ( ( J 5^)- 
 
 Bartholomew G o s n o 1 d 
 (1602). 
 
 London Co. (1606). 
 Plymouth Co. (1606). 
 8. Result of these. 
 
 \ 1. Henry Hudson (1609). 
 \ 2. The result. . 
 
 1. West Indies. 
 
 2. Isthmus of Panama 
 (1510). 
 
 j 3. Mexico (1521). 
 
 4. St. Augustine (1565). 
 
 5. Santa Fe (1582). 
 
 6. San Diego (1769). 
 f 1. Quebec ( 1 541 ). 
 
 I 2. South Carolina (1562). 
 J 3. Florida (1564). 
 
 4. Acadia (1605). 
 
 5. Canada (1608). 
 
 1. Newfoundland (1583). 
 
 2. Roanoke Island(i 584-85). 
 
 3. Virginia (1607). 
 
 fi. 
 
 of 
 
 tobacco 
 slaves 
 
 Introduction 
 (1616). 
 
 Introduction of 
 (1620). 
 Marriage of Pocahontas 
 
 (1613). 
 
 1. Navigation Act (1660). 
 
 1. Population. 
 
 . . ( 1. Imports. 
 
 2. Agriculture, j 2 Ex j; orts . 
 
 3. Commerce. 
 
 4.. Manufactures. 
 
 „ , ^William and 
 
 5. Education. ■< 
 
 6. Science. 
 
 7. Art. 
 
 8. Invention. 
 
 Mary College. 
 
 G ... ( 1. Bacon's Rebellion. 
 I 8 - Wars. < 2> lst Indian vy ar . 
 
20 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 I. Virginia. 
 
 8. Wars. 3. 2d Indian War 
 
 9. Government. 
 
 10. Noted men. 
 
 II. "Plymouth 
 and Massa- 
 chusetts 
 Bay colo- 
 ny. 
 
 1. When? (1620). 
 
 2. Where? (Plymouth). 
 
 3. By whom ? 
 (English). 
 
 4. Their suf- 
 ferings. 
 
 5. Important 
 events. 
 
 Character of people 
 I 1 
 
 1. Cause. 
 
 2. Time (1644). 
 
 3. Battles. 
 
 4. Length (2 years). 
 
 5. Commanders. 
 
 6. Result. 
 
 7. Treaty. 
 
 8. Incidents. 
 
 1. First charter. 
 
 2. Second charter. 
 
 3. Third charter ( 1612). 
 
 4. First colonial assembly (16 19). 
 
 5. Written constitution (1621J. 
 John Smith. 
 Captain Newport. 
 Lord Delaware. 
 John Rolf. 
 
 f 1. Religious persecutions. 
 I 2. Banishment o f \Y i 1 1- 
 iams. 
 3. Ban ishraent of Ann 
 Hutchison. 
 1 . Domestic. 4. Banishment of the Qua- 
 kers. 
 
 5. Sa 1 e m Witchcraft 
 (1692). 
 
 6. Union of the colonies 
 (1643). 
 
 1. Charter revoked by 
 James II. 
 
 2. New charter by Will- 
 iam. 
 
 2. Foreign. 
 
 7. Progress. 
 
 8. Wars. King Phillip's. 
 
 Agriculture. 
 
 2. Commerce. 
 
 3. Manufacture. 
 
 4. Education (Harvard College). 
 
 5. Science. 
 
 6. Art. 
 
 7. Invention. 
 
 8. Population. 
 
 1. Cause. 
 
 2. Time (1675). 
 
 3. Battles. 
 
 4. Commanders. 
 
 5. Result. 
 
 6. Treaty. 
 
 7. Incidents. 
 
 C 1. Democracy. 
 Gm>ernment. - 2. Charter. 
 
 ( 3. Legislature. 
 S 1. Salem. 
 
 10. Other settlements. 
 
 I 2. Dorchester. 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY 
 
 21 
 
 II. Plymouth 
 and Massa- 
 chusetts 
 Bay colo- 
 ny. 
 
 ( 3. Cambridge. 
 
 10. Other settlements. < 4. Lynn. 
 
 ( 5. Roxbury. 
 
 1. John Carver. 
 
 2. William Bradford. 
 
 3. John Endieot. 
 
 11. Noted men. 4. John Winthrop. 
 
 5. Sir Edmund Andros. 
 
 6. Roger Williams. 
 
 7. Rev. J. Harvard. 
 
 1. Whe)i? (1633). 
 
 2. Where? (Windsor). 
 
 3. By whom? (Dutch). 
 
 III. Connecticut. 
 
 4. Three colonies. - 2. 
 
 5. Character of set- ( 3. 
 
 tiers. ( 1, 
 
 6. Important ) 
 
 Connecticut. 
 New Haven. 
 Saybrook. 
 
 V, 
 
 Domestic. 1. 
 
 events. 
 
 
 2. Foreign. 
 
 7. Progress 
 
 Hartford. 
 Windsor. 
 
 I 3. Weath- 
 [ ersfield. 
 
 Charter oak. 
 
 Granting of char- 
 ter by Charles II. 
 
 Annulling of char- 
 ter by James II. 
 
 j 1. Domestic. 
 ) 2. Foreign. 
 ' 1. Common 
 schools. 
 2. Colleges. 
 
 IV. Rhode Islanp. 
 
 1. Agriculture. 
 
 2. Commerce. 
 
 3. Manufacturing. 
 
 4. Education. 
 
 5. Science. 
 
 6. Art. 
 
 7. Invention. 
 
 8. Population, 
 
 1. Cause. 
 
 2. Time (1637). 
 
 3. Battles. 
 
 4. Commanders. 
 
 5. Length. 
 
 6. Result (extermination of 
 Pequods). 
 
 7. Treaty. 
 
 8. Incidents. 
 Rev. Thomas Hooker. 
 Captain John Mason. 
 Sir Edmund Andros. 
 
 When? (1636) 
 Where? (Providence). 
 By whom? (Roger W T illiams). 
 Character of people. ( 1. Relation to Massachu 
 Important events. < setts. 
 
 ( 2. Settlement of dispute. 
 
 1. Proprietary. 
 
 2. Charter. 
 
 3. Changes. 
 
 4. Constitution. 
 
 5. Assembly. 
 
 8. Wars. Pequod. 
 
 9. Government. 
 
 10. Noted men. -I 2. 
 3- 
 
 6. Government. 
 
22 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 Agriculture. 
 Commerce. 
 
 IV. Rhode Island. 
 
 7. Progress. 
 
 8. Noted persons 
 
 1. When? (1623). 
 
 2. Where? (Dover). 
 
 3. By whom ? 
 a. Progress. 
 
 1. Exports. 
 v 2. Imports. 
 3. Education (Brown University). 
 . 4. Science. 
 
 5. Art. 
 
 6. Invention. 
 
 7. Manufacture. 
 
 8. Population. 
 1 1. Roger Williams. 
 -■ 2. Ann Hutchison. 
 ( 3. Cotton Mather. 
 
 V. New Hampshire. \ 
 
 3- 
 4- 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 [7- 
 
 5. Character of settlers. 
 
 6. Government. 
 
 7. Important \ 
 events. 1 
 
 . Noted men. 
 ( 1. When? (1614). 
 
 2. Where? (Manhattan Island) 
 
 3. By whom? (Dutch). 
 
 4. Government. 
 
 5. Character of people 
 
 VI. New 
 York. 
 
 Agriculture. 
 
 Commerce. 
 
 Education. 
 
 Science. 
 
 Art. 
 
 Invention. 
 
 Population. 
 
 1. Charter. 
 
 2. Proprietary. 
 I 3. Government of Maine. 
 I 4. Assembly. 
 
 Several proprietors. 
 
 Royal province. 
 
 Dispute between Me. and Mass. 
 
 1. Ferdinand De Gorges. 
 
 2. Capt. John Mason. 
 
 3. Sir Edmund Andros. 
 
 4. Duke of Monmouth. 
 
 6. Important events. 
 
 1. Proprietary. 
 
 2. Charter. 
 
 3. Assembly. 
 
 1. Capture by English. 
 
 2. Restoration. 
 
 3. Representation granted. 
 
 4. Representation prohibited. 
 
 5. Uprising of the people. 
 
 6. Execution of Leisler and Melborne. 
 
 7. Union of the Five Nations. 
 
 7. Progress. 
 
 .8. Noted men. 
 
 1. Agriculture 
 
 2. Commerce. 
 
 3. Manufacture 
 
 4. Education. 
 
 5. Science. 
 
 6. Art (printing). 
 
 7. Invention. 
 
 8. Population. 
 
 S 1. Exports. 
 \ 2. Imports. 
 
 1 . Wouter Van Twiller. 
 
 2. Wm. Kieft. 
 
 3. Peter Stuyvesant. 
 
 4. Duke of York. 
 
 5. Sir Edmund Andros. 
 
 k 6. Col. Sloughter. 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY, 
 
 23 
 
 \ 1. When? (1664). 
 
 2. Where? (Elizabeth). 
 
 3. By whom ? (English) 
 
 4. Government. 
 
 5. Character of people. 
 
 VII. X EW 
 
 Jersey. 
 
 6. Important 
 nts. 
 
 7. TV, 
 
 8. Noted men. 
 
 1. Proprietary. 
 
 2. Charter. 
 
 3. Assembly. 
 
 4. Constitution. 
 . Division of colony. 
 
 :. Wm. Penn manager of E. and W. Jersey 
 
 ;. East Jersey sold to Penn. 
 
 [. Union of colony. 
 
 ;. Separate governments. 
 
 :. Agriculture. , T7 
 
 ,~ & \ 1. Exports. 
 
 :. Commerce. < T r , 
 
 r, , ■ 12. Imports. 
 5. Population. v 
 
 \. Education (Nassau Hall College). 
 
 I 1. Lord Berkeley. 
 
 ! 2. Sir Geo. Cartaret. 
 
 j 3. Philip Cartaret. 
 
 4. Wm. Penn. 
 
 When? 1 1682). 
 
 Where? (Philadelphia). 
 
 By whom? (William Penn). 
 
 1. Proprietary. 
 
 2. Charter. 
 
 Character of people 
 Government 
 
 VIII. Pennsylvania. 
 
 6. Important events. 
 
 7. Progress. 
 
 I' 1 - 
 I 2. 
 
 I 3- 
 4- 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 17- 
 S 
 
 IX. Delaware. ■' 
 
 X. Maryland. 
 
 , Noted men. 
 
 I 7. 
 
 i. rr/W/ 1 16381. J - 
 
 2. Where? (Wilmington). 
 
 3. By whom? (Swedes). 
 
 4. Character of people. 
 
 5. Progress. 
 
 6. Important events, y 1 . 
 
 7. Government. ■ 2. 
 
 1. When? O634). ' 3. 
 
 2. Where? (St. Mary's). 
 
 ! 3. Assembly. 
 I 4. Constitution. 
 
 1. Treaty with Indians. 
 
 2. Penn's return to Eng- 
 land. 
 
 3. Dissensions. 
 
 4. Xew charter. 
 
 5. Penn's second visit to 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 6. Mason and Dixon's 
 
 line. 
 
 Agriculture. . ■ ^ . 
 
 r - & \ 1. Exports. 
 
 Commerce. T v . 
 
 r , • * 2. Imports. 
 Education. r 
 
 Science. 
 
 Art (Newspapers). 
 
 Invention. 
 
 Population. 
 
 1. William Penn. 
 
 2. William Markham. 
 Penn's sons. 
 
 Proprietary. 
 
 Charter. 
 
 Assemblv. 
 
24 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 X. Maryland. 
 
 6. Important events. 
 
 3. By whom ? (Lord Baltimore). 
 
 4. Character of the people, i 1 . Proprietary. 
 
 5. Government. -j 2. Charter. 
 
 ( 3. Assembly. 
 
 , Clayborne's Rebellion. 
 Toleration Act. 
 Disfranchisement of Catho- 
 lics. 
 . . Civil War. 
 J 5. Second Religious War. 
 I 6. Made a Royal Province. 
 Agriculture. 
 Commerce. 
 Science. 
 Art. 
 
 Education. 
 Invention. 
 Population. 
 
 1. Lord Baltimore. 
 
 2. Leonard Calvert. 
 
 3. Charles Calvert. 
 When? (1650). 
 Where f (Albemarle). 
 
 7. Progress 
 
 8. Noted men 
 
 \ 1. 
 (2, 
 
 Exports. 
 Imports. 
 
 Common schools. 
 Public library. 
 Colleges. 
 
 By whom? (English). | 1. 
 
 Government. 
 Character of people 
 
 XI. North Carolina. 
 
 6. Important events. 
 
 fi 
 
 7. Progress. 
 
 \ 1. Exports. 
 I 2. Imports. 
 
 XII. South Carolina. 
 
 Proprietary. 
 I 2. Charter. 
 I 3. Grand model. 
 I 4. Assembly. 
 i 1. Culpepper Revolt. 
 ■ 2. Indian Massacre. 
 r 3. Division of Colony. 
 Agriculture. 
 
 2. Commerce. 
 
 3. Education. 
 
 4. Science. 
 
 5. Art. 
 
 6. Invention. 
 
 7. Population. 
 
 i 1. Lord Clarendon. 
 Noted men. ■ 2. William Sayle. 
 
 1. When? (1670). (3. Seth Sothel. 
 
 2. Where? (Ashley River). 
 
 3. By whom ? (English). ( 1. Proprietary. 
 
 4. Government. •] 2. Charter. 
 
 5. Character of people. ( 3. Assembly. 
 
 I 1. Introduction of slaves 
 (1682). 
 
 2. Rebellion. 
 
 3. Cultivation of rice (1694). 
 -j 4. Expedition to St. Augustine. 
 
 5. Expedition against Charles- 
 ton. 
 
 6. Indian War. 
 
 7. Made a Royal Province. 
 
 Important 
 events. 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY. 
 
 25 
 
 I 7. Progress. 
 
 \ 1. Exports. 
 I 2. Imports. 
 
 XII. South Carolina. \ 
 
 XIII. Georgia. 
 
 8. Noted men. 
 
 When? (1733). 
 Where t (Savannah). 
 By whom ? (< >glethorpe) 
 
 { 1. Agriculture 
 I 2. Commerce. 
 i 3. Education. 
 
 4. Science. 
 
 5. Art. 
 
 [ 6. Population. 
 
 1. Governor Colleton 
 
 2. Sir John Yeamans 
 
 3. Governor Moore. 
 
 4. Governor Craven. 
 
 Governtneni. 
 
 Character of people 
 
 6. Important events. 
 
 . \ 1. Proprietary. 
 I 2. Charter. 
 ! 3. Assembly. 
 4. Change. 
 Invasion of Florida. 
 Spanish Invasion. 
 ( Oglethorpe's return to Eng- 
 and. 
 Agriculture. 
 
 7. Progress. 
 
 8. Noted men. 
 
 \ 1. Exports. 
 I 2. Imports. 
 
 Commerce 
 Education. 
 Science. 
 
 Art. 
 
 Invention. 
 
 Population. 
 
 1. James Oglethorpe. 
 
 2. Charles Wesley. 
 / 3. John Wesley. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATES. 
 
 ri. Time of election (April 30, 1789). 
 
 2. Politics (none). 
 
 3. Length of service (Tw.o terms). 
 
 I 1. Revenue. 
 
 ! 2. Public debt (874,000,000). 
 
 3. United States Bank (1791.) 
 
 4. District of Columbia (1790). 
 
 5. Admission of Vermont (1791). 
 I 6. French Revolution. 
 
 7. Whiskey Insurrection (17941. 
 I 8. Spanish Boundaries (1795). 
 I 9. Retirement (March 4, 17971. 
 f 1. Thomas Jefferson (Secretary of State). 
 \ 2. Henry Knox (Secretary of War). 
 1 3. 'Edmund Randojf (Attorney-General). 
 4. Alexander Hamilton (Secretary of 
 Treasury). 
 
 Wash i ngto n's 
 administration. 
 
 . important 
 events. 
 
 5. Noted 
 
 men. 
 
Treasury of fA< r§. 
 
 I. Adams' admin- 
 istration. 
 
 i. Time of election (1796). 
 
 2. Politics ( Federal ). 
 
 3. Length of term (4 years). 
 
 1 . Internal affairs. 
 
 Impo rtant 
 events. 
 
 Jefferson's ad- 
 [nistr vi'ion. 
 
 4. Important 
 events. 
 
 2. Alien and Sedition Laws (179S). 
 
 3. French Hostilities. 
 
 4. Reprisals I 1 798). 
 
 5. Treaty with Bonaparte (i8oo). 
 I 6. Death of Washington (Dec. 14. 
 
 17.,.), Age 68 years). 
 Time of election (March 4, [Son. 
 Politics ( Republican). 
 Length of term (8 years). 
 
 I 1. Measures of Economy. 
 
 2. Louisiana Purchase (In 1803, 
 for $15,000,000). 
 
 3. War with Tripoli ( 1801 ). 
 
 4. Aaron Burr's duel (July, 1804). 
 
 5. European Blockade (May, 
 [806). 
 
 6. Right of Search. 
 
 7. Firing upon the Chesapeake 
 (June, 1807). 
 
 8. Proclamation by President. 
 
 9. British Trading Decree (Nov., 
 1807). 
 
 10. Milan Decree (Nov., 1S07). 
 
 1 i. American Embargo (Dec, 1 807). 
 
 1. Time of election (March 4, 1809). 
 
 2. Politics (Republican). 
 
 3. Length of time (8 years). 
 I 1. Non-intercourse Act (1809). 
 
 Indian Outbreak ( 181 1). 
 Battle of Tippecanoe. 
 War declared against England 
 (June 19, 181 2). 
 
 Revocation of Milan Decree ( 1810). 
 Charier of U. S. Bank (1816). 
 ■. War with Algiers. 
 [8. Treaty. 
 Time of election (March 4. 1817). 
 Politics (Neutral). 
 Length of service (8 years). 
 
 I 1. Prosperity of the country. 
 I 2. War with Seminoles (1817). 
 5. Admission of Maine ( 1820). 
 Important \ 4. Missouri Compromise (1S211. 
 events. 5. Monroe D|octrine (1822). 
 
 1 6. Lafayette's Visit (1824). 
 , 7. Purchase of Florida (In 1S19 for 
 ■ 1 §5,000,0001. 
 VI. John Q. Adams' \ 1. Time of election (March 4, 1825). 
 ADMINISTRATION. 1 2. Politics Whig).' 
 
 IV. M EDISON'S AD- 
 MINISTRATION. 
 
 Important 
 events. 
 
 v. Monroe's ad 
 
 MINISTRA II' )N. 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY. 
 
 27 
 
 71. John O. Adams' 
 
 ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 . Important 
 events. 
 
 VII. Jackson's ad- 
 ministration. 
 
 Important 
 
 events. 
 
 VIII. Van Buren's 
 admin istraj u in. 
 
 IX. Harrison a n d 
 Tyler's adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 . Polk's admin- 
 istration. 
 
 3. Length of service (4 years). 
 
 1 1. Prosperity of the country, 
 
 2. Death of Jefferson and Adams 
 ( fuly 4. 1826). 
 
 3. Protective tariff (1828). 
 
 4. First railroad. 
 Time of election (March 4, 1829). 
 Politics (Democrat). 
 Length of term (8 years). 
 
 1. Veto of U.S. Bank ( 1832 and 1836). 
 
 2. I Slack Hawk's War (1832). 
 
 3. Tariff Bill (1832). 
 
 4. Nullification Act (1832). 
 
 5. Clay's Compromise. 
 
 6. Florida War (1835). 
 
 ] 7. Scott takes command ( 1836). 
 I 8. Victory by Col. Taylor (Dec, 1837). 
 9. Bank and Tariff question. 
 
 1. Time of election (March 4, 1837). 
 
 2. Politics (Democrat). 
 
 3. Length of service (4 years). 
 
 ( 1. Panic of 1837. 
 
 4. Important \ 2. Canadian Rebellion (1837). 
 events. I 3. Ashburton Treaty (1842). 
 
 I 4. Sub-Treasury Bill (1840). 
 I 1. Time of election (March 4, 1841). 
 I 2. Politics (Whig). 
 > 3. Length of service (4 years, 1 month). 
 
 i. Death of Harrison (April 1). 
 I 2. Resignation of Cabinet. 
 I 3. United States Bank veto. 
 4. Important | 4. Dorr's Rebellion (18421. 
 events. \ 5. Anti-rent Difficulties ( 1844). 
 
 6. The Mormans 1 18451. 
 
 7. Annexation of Texas (1845). 
 
 8. North-east Boundary. 
 ( 1. Time of election (March. 1845). 
 
 I 2. Polities (Democrat). 
 
 ! 3. Length of term (4 years). 
 
 4. Important \ 
 events. 
 
 XI. Taylor 
 Filmore's 
 
 AND 
 
 ad- 
 
 ministration. 
 
 Mexican War (See War, July 4, 
 
 1845)- 
 
 The Wilmot Proviso (1846). 
 Discovery of gold in California 
 I (i 848). 
 Time of election (March 4, 1849). 
 Politics (Whig). 
 
 Length of term (4 years; Taylor, 16 months). 
 I 1. Slavery question. 
 
 2. Omnibus Bill (Sep., 1850). 
 
 3. The Admission of California (1850). 
 
 4. Death of Taylor (July 9. 1850). 
 
 5. Death of Clay and Webster (1852). 
 
 6. Invasion of Cuba. 
 
 Important 
 
 events. 
 
28 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 XII. Pierce's ad- 
 ministration. 
 
 XIII. Buc HAN \ n's 
 
 ADMINISTR VTION. 
 
 XIV. Lincoln's 
 
 IKA 1 ION. 
 
 XV. Johnson's 
 
 MINIS IRA HON, 
 
 XVI. Grant's ad- 
 minim r \ riON. 
 
 i. Time of election (March 4, 1853"). 
 2. Politics (Democrat). 
 
 \ 3. Length of term (4 years). 
 
 I. The Gadsden Purchase ( $ 1 0,000.000) 
 Important 2. Kansas-Nebraska Bill (May, [854). 
 events. J 3. Border warfare. 
 
 I 4.Perry's Expedition to Japan 1 (854). 
 1 1 . Time of election ( ]\ [arch 4. 1 857). 
 
 2. Politics (Democrat). 
 
 3. Length of service 14 years 1. 
 
 1. Dred Scott Decision 1 185-1. 
 
 2. Fugitive Slave law. 
 Tm.4torta.nt ->' - T ° nn Brown's Raid ( 1 S : 
 
 *' "! " ; 4. Secession of the South (IV'.. 
 events. ^ 
 
 5. Seizing' of United States 1 
 etc. 1 [860). 
 I 1. Time of election (March 4, 1861). 
 \ 2. Politics 1 Republican). 
 adminis- 3. Length oj (4 years). 
 
 I 4. Condition of country. 
 
 5. Great Civil War. (See ll'.rr.) 
 
 6. Assassination (April 14. 1865). 
 Time of election (April 15. 18 - 
 Politics 1 Republican). 
 Length of term (4 years). 
 
 1. Disbanding the army < 1865). 
 
 2. Reconstruction Policy. 
 
 3. The 1 jth Amendment (Dec. 18. 
 '18051. 
 
 4. Public debt tS-\ -00,000,000, 
 June. 18051. 
 
 5. Reconstruction Policy of Con- 
 gress ( 180-1. 
 
 6. Admission of Seceded States 
 (June 24. 1868). 
 
 important , 7. Tenure of < >ffice Bill 1 1867). 
 events. 8. Impeachment of the President 
 
 (Jan. 24, 1868). 
 9 The 14th Amendment (July 28, 
 
 1 868 1. 
 
 10. Indian War (1865-68). 
 
 1 1. French in Mexico 1 [863). 
 
 12. Laving Atlantic cable (1866). 
 
 13. Purchase of Alaska (87.200,000, 
 March. 1867). 
 
 14. Fenian excitement. 
 
 15. Treaty with China (4S68). 
 1. Time of election (March 4. is 9) 
 
 Politics ( Republican 1. 
 Length of service (8 years). 
 
 Important j 1. Pacific Railroad (1869). [1870). 
 events. 1 2. Fifteenth Amendment (March 30, 
 
 \B- 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY. 
 
 2 9 
 
 XVI. Grant's ad- \ 4. Important 
 
 MINISTRATION. \ events. 
 
 XVII. Hayes' ad- 
 ministration. 
 
 XVIII. Garfield's 
 
 MINISTRATION. 
 
 AD- 
 
 [i. Chicago. .!°V' 
 fe { 1871. 
 
 3. Great Fires. J 2. Forest. 
 
 3. Boston. \ No ^ 9. 
 
 J 1 1872. 
 
 4. Treaty of Washington (Feb., 
 1871). 
 
 5. Prospects of the country. 
 
 6. Proposed annexation of Santo Do- 
 mingo. 
 
 7. Death of Greeley (Nov. 29, 1872). 
 
 8. Modoc Indians (1873). 
 
 9. Credit Mobilier. 
 
 10. Railroad Panic (1873). 
 
 11. Centennial Exhibition (May 10, 
 1876, for 6 months.) 
 
 12. War with Sioux Indians (1877). 
 
 13. The Virginius (1868). 
 
 14. Joint Electoral Commission. 
 
 15. Admission of Colorado (July 1, 
 i 1876). 
 
 Time of election (March 4, 1877). 
 Politics (Republican). 
 Length of service (4 years). 
 
 1. United States troops at the South 
 withdrawn. 
 
 2. Railroad strike (1877). 
 
 3. Eland Silver Eill (Feb. 21, 1878). 
 
 4. Fishery award ($5,500,000). 
 
 5. Resumption of Specie payment 
 (Jan. i, 1879). 
 
 1 . Time of election ( March 4, 1 88 1 ) . 
 
 2. Politics (Republican). 
 
 3. Length of service. 
 
 4. Assassination (July 2, 1881). 
 
 5. Death (Sept. 19, 1881). 
 
 Important 
 events. 
 
 XIX. Arthur's inauguration (Sept. 20, 1881). 
 
 CHAPTER III.— MISCELLANEOUS EVENTS DURING THIS 
 
 EPOCH. 
 
 I. Progress. 
 
 /// States. 
 
 1. Vermont (March 
 
 4. 1790- 
 
 2. Kentucky (June 
 1, 1792). 
 
 3. Tennessee (June 
 1, 1796). 
 
 4. Ohio (Nov. 29, 
 1802), 
 
 5. Louisiana (April 
 8, 1812). 
 
 6. Indiana (Dec. 1 1, 
 1816). 
 
 7. Mississippi (Dec. 
 io, 1817). 
 
 8. Illinois (Dec. 3, 
 181 8). 
 
3Q 
 
 I. Progress. 
 
 II. Authors. 
 
 i. TV/ States. 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 9. Alabama (Dec. 
 
 14. 1819). 
 
 10. Maine (March 15, 
 1820). 
 
 11. Missouri (August 
 io, 1821). 
 
 12. Arkansas (June 
 
 15, 1836). 
 
 13. Michigan (Jan. 
 26, 1837). 
 
 14. Florida (March 3, 
 1845). 
 
 15. Texas (Dec. 27, 
 1845). 
 
 16. Iowa (Dec. 28, 
 1846). 
 
 17. Wisconsin (May 
 
 18. California (Sep. 
 9- 1850). 
 
 19. Minnesota (May 
 n, 1858). 
 
 20. Oregon (Feb. 14, 
 1S59). 
 
 21. Kansas (Jan. 29, 
 1 861). 
 
 22. West Virg i n ia 
 (June 20, 1863). 
 
 23. Nevada (Oct. 31, 
 1864). 
 
 24. Nebraska (March 
 1, 1867). 
 
 25. Colorado (July 1, 
 1876). 
 
 19, 184S). 
 
 1. Louisiana purchase (April 30, 1803, for 
 $15,000,000). 
 
 2. Spanish Florida (Feb. 22, 1819, for 
 $5,000,000). 
 
 3. Texas (i 845). 
 
 4. California (1848). 
 
 5. Gadsden Purchase O853, $10,000,000). 
 
 I 6. Alaska (October, 1867, for $7,200,000). 
 3. In population (from 2,000,000 to 52,000,000). 
 
 2. /;/ area. 
 
 4. In production 
 
 5. In agriculture. 
 
 6. In manufacture 
 
 7. /;/ co miner ce. 
 
 8. /// invention. 
 
 1. Lightning rod (By Franklin, 1752). 
 
 2. Cotton gin (By Whitney, 1792). 
 
 3. Steamboat (By Fulton, Sept. 4, 
 1807). 
 
 4. Railroad (1827 First, now 52,000 
 miles). 
 
 5. Electro-magnetic telegraph 
 (Morse, 1844). 
 
 6. Atlantic Cable (Cyrus W. Field, 
 1857-58, 1866). 
 
 7. Telephone (Bell, 1876-77). 
 
 8. Varied machinery, 
 f 1. Common schools. 
 I 2. High schools. 
 
 3. Colleges. 
 
 4. Newspapers. 
 
 5. Books. 
 
 ^. , I 1. Painting. 
 
 10. I Die arts. \ c , t & 
 
 / 2. Sculpture. 
 
 I 1. Churches. 
 
 2. Bible societies. 
 
 3. Orphan asylums. 
 
 4. Hospitals. 
 1. Bancroft. 4. Greeley. 
 
 :. Historians. I 2. Prescott. 5. Forney. 
 
 / 3. Motley, 6. Headly. 
 
 9. Intellectually. 
 
 11. Morally. 
 
 12. In Governmental science. 
 
 \ 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY 
 
 3* 
 
 II. 
 
 
 ,,. . . \ 7. Barnes. 
 1. Htstonans. j 8 Rjdpath 
 
 
 9. Lossing.' 
 
 
 
 10. Anderson. 
 
 
 t 1. Bryant. 
 2. /toft. 2. Whittier. 
 
 
 4. Poe. 
 
 
 
 5. Holmes. 
 
 Authors. - 
 
 f 3. Simms. 
 
 
 6. Longfellow. 
 
 
 ( 1. Cooper. 
 
 
 5. Legare. 
 
 
 3. Romantic and \ 2. Hawthorne 
 
 6. H. B. Stowe. 
 
 
 miscellaneous. \ 3. Irving. 
 
 
 7. Mrs. Sigourney 
 
 
 [ 4. Channing. 
 
 • 
 
 
 1. Webster. 
 
 7- 
 
 Seward. 
 
 
 2. CTisy. 
 
 8. 
 
 Prentice. 
 
 
 3. Calhoun. 
 
 4. Ben I on. 
 
 9- 
 
 Stephens. 
 
 Orators. ■ 
 
 10. 
 
 Douglass. 
 
 
 5. Everett. 
 
 11. 
 
 Choate. 
 
 
 { 6. Phillips. 
 
 12. 
 
 Sumner. 
 
 I. King William's 
 
 II. Oueen Anne's 
 
 IV. French 
 
 AND INDIAN. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— WARS OF UNITED STATES. 
 
 |i. Cause (War between England and France on 
 
 account of James II., King of England). 
 I 2. Time (1689). 1. Port Royal (1690). 
 
 3. Length (8 2. Expedition against Quebec 
 years). (1690). 
 
 4. Battles. 3. Indian Expeditions (Schenec- 
 
 5. Result (same I tady, Haverhill), 
 as before). | 4. Commanders (Gov. Phipps). 
 
 I 5. Treaty (Ryswick, 1697.) 
 f 1. Cause (To place James' son on'the Throne of Eng- 
 land. France against England). 
 Time (1702). 
 Length (11 years). 
 
 I 1. Expedition against Port Royal (1707). 
 
 „ .„ 2. Second expedition against Port Royal 
 
 Battles. 0?IO) 
 
 I 3. Invasion of Canada (171 1). 
 Result (French gave up Acadia). 
 6. Treaty (Utrecht, 17 13). 
 
 1. Cause (Troubles in Europe). 
 
 2. Time ( 1 744-*- 
 
 3. Battle (Capture of Louisburg, 1745). 
 
 4. Length (4 years). 
 
 5. Result (both parties restored territory taken). 
 ^6. Treaty (Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748). 
 
 Cause (Overlapping Claims). 
 
 Time 0754). 
 Washington's journey. 
 
 . . „ „ ( 1. First Expedition (Sur- 
 
 Objective\ 1. tort Vu ) render f Washington, 
 \ Q^esne. ^ j u l y 4,1754). 
 
 III. King George's 
 
 points. 
 
TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 Fort Du 
 Quesne. 
 
 2. Second Expedition (De- 
 feat of Braddock, July 
 
 9- 1755)- 
 
 3. Result (Capture of the 
 fort bv General Forbes, 
 1758).' 
 
 Acadia 
 and Louis- 
 burs;, 
 
 iv. f r kn c h 
 and Indian. 
 
 C ;- 
 Point 
 
 Ticond 
 oza. 
 
 and 
 
 Dieskau. 
 A b e r- 
 crombie. 
 
 I 1. Braddock. 
 4. Com- I 2. Forbes, 
 manders. 1 3. Washing- 
 | ton. 
 I I. Acadia ( 1755). 
 ■ 2. Louisburg ( 1757). 
 ( 3. Commanders. 
 I 1. Battle of Lake George 
 
 (1755)- 
 
 1 4. Objective \ 2. Attack on Ticonderoga 
 
 1 , r; nm » ^758). 
 
 Capture of the Forts 
 
 (1759). 
 
 Com- \ ' 
 manders. ") " 
 
 j 5. Result (Opened the 
 route to Canada). 
 Niagara (Captured in July, 1759). 
 I 1. Attack (Sept. 13, 1759). 
 j 2. Com- \ i. Montcalm, 
 manders. ) 2. Wolf. 
 Result (Surrender of city, 
 Sept. 18, 1759). 
 Length (9 years). I 4. Loss (Both commanders.) 
 
 Close (In 1760 for English, but French kept it up till 
 
 1763). 
 Treaty (Of Paris, 1763). 
 
 f 1. England gained all the possessions of the 
 French North of Iberville River and East of 
 Mississippi River. 
 $16,000,000 loss, and — 
 ( 3. 30,000 men. 
 I 9. Incidents of the war. 
 V. PONTIAC'S War (1763). 
 
 I 1. Writs of Assistance. 
 I 2. Stamp Act (Passed 1765). 
 1. Causes. 3. Mutiny Act (1767). 
 
 4. Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770). 
 
 5. Boston Tea-party (Dec. 16, 1773). 
 I. When? (April 19, 1775). 
 
 5. Queb, 
 
 8. Effects. 
 
 VI. W A R F 
 
 Revolution. ! 
 
 Battles 
 0/1775- 
 
 1. Lexington. 
 
 2. Bunker Hill. 
 
 j- 
 4- 
 
 I 5- 
 \ 1. 
 
 I 2. 
 
 Number engaged. 
 
 Commanders. 
 
 Result (British defeat). 
 
 Effects. 
 
 When? (June 17, 1775). 
 
 Commanders. 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY. 
 
 33 
 
 VI. War of 
 
 Revolution. 
 
 2. Battles 
 ofi775- 
 
 { 2. Bunker Hill. 
 
 Capt u r c of 
 Ticonderoga. 
 
 3. Battles 
 
 0/1776- 
 
 4. Battles 
 
 o/^777- 
 
 . Canada ex 
 pedition. 
 
 S 3. Result (British defeat). 
 4. Effect. 
 
 1. When? (May 10, 1775*. 
 
 2. Commanders. 
 
 3. Result (English defeat |. 
 
 4. Effect. 
 
 1. First column. 
 
 2. Second column. 
 
 3. Attack on Quebec (Dec. 
 
 31. 1775)- 
 
 j 4. Result (Patriot failure). 
 [ 5. Effects. 
 
 Evacuation 0/ Boston (March 17, 1776). 
 
 a z. r , i 1. The English fleet. 
 Attack on Ft. \ 2 _ Commanders . 
 Moultrie. j 3 Resu]t 
 
 Campaign near New York (July 12). 
 j 1. Time (August 27). 
 
 2. Commanders. 
 
 3. Result. 
 
 4. Effect. 
 1. To Harlem Heights, 
 
 4. Battle of 
 Lorn; Island. 
 
 Washingt on's 
 retreat. 
 
 Battle of 
 Trenton. 
 
 Battle 0/ 
 Princeton. 
 
 To White Plains. 
 
 To North Castle. 
 
 Flight through N. J. 
 
 Condition of country 
 Time (Dec. 25, 1776). 
 Commanders. 
 Number engaged. 
 Result. 
 Effects. 
 
 Battle 0/ 
 Germantown, 
 
 3. Battle 0/ 
 Brandywine. 
 
 Time (January 3, 1777). 
 
 Commanders. 
 
 Number engaged. 
 
 Result. 
 
 Effect. 
 
 1. Time (Oct. 4, 1777). 
 
 2. Commanders. 
 
 3. Number engaged. 
 
 4. Result. 
 
 5. Effect. 
 
 1. Time (Sept. 11, 1777). 
 
 2. Commanders. 
 
 3. Number engaged. 
 
 4. Result, 
 q. Effect. 
 
 4. Campaign at the North. 
 I 1. Time. 
 „ , , D 2. Commanders. 
 
 \ 3. Number engaged. 
 
 4. Result. 
 
 5. Effect. 
 
 ninn ton. 
 
TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 '4. Rattles 
 
 of \777- 
 
 VI. W a k I 
 REVO! U HON. 
 
 5. Battles 
 0/ 
 
 Battles f 
 Saratoga. 
 
 Battle of Mon- 2. 
 mouth. 1 3. 
 
 '4- 
 
 I 5- 
 L ampaign in j 1 . 
 
 Rhode Island. 
 
 titles, I 
 [77 
 
 1. Intent (June. i -- ~) 
 
 2. Number of men (10,- 
 Burgoyne's In- j 000). 
 
 vasion. 1 3. Crown Point. 
 
 4. Ticonderoga. 
 ;. Fort Edwards. 
 Time (Sept. 19; ( >ct. 7 
 Commanders. 
 Number engaged. 
 Result. 
 5. Effects. 
 I 1. Winter at Valley Forg* (1777 78). 
 j. c 'onway Cabal (i~~. s i. 
 
 3. French Alliance (Feb. 6, 1778). 
 
 4. Conciliatory propi 
 
 5. America's friends. 
 
 6. Evacuation of Philadelphia. 
 [ 1. When ? (I u ne 2 8. 
 
 1778). 
 
 C ommanders. 
 Number engaged. 
 Result. 
 Effect. 
 French fleet. 
 Result. 
 9. Massacre of Wyoming (July, 1778). 
 
 1. Capture of Savannah 
 1 Dec. 29, i7~. s >. 
 
 2. Capture of Fort Sun- 
 in bury (Jan.. 1 7 
 
 the South. 3. Battleof Kettle Creek 
 
 4. Battle ol Brier Creek 
 (March, 17 
 
 1. Expedition into Con- 
 necticut. 
 
 j. Expedition to Poi s- 
 mouth. 
 
 3. Capture of St n y 
 Point. 
 
 4. Second expedition to 
 Connecticut. 
 
 5. Recapture of Stony 
 int. 
 
 I ipture of Pa ulus 
 1 [00k (July). 
 
 7. Expedition agai n s t 
 Fort Castine (Jul y. 
 ; -■ 
 
 8. 1 Operations agai n s t 
 I the Indians. 
 
 3 - 5 *ah (September, 1779). 
 
 . s s (September). 
 
 Campaign 
 the North. 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY. 
 
 35 
 
 f? 
 
 Battles, 
 
 etc., of 
 
 1780. 
 
 Battle of 
 i 'amden. 
 
 . B a t- 
 
 tlcs, cfc\, 
 of. 1 78 1. 
 
 Campaign in the South. 
 
 I 1. When ? (Aug. 16). 
 
 2. Commanders. 
 
 3. Number engaged. 
 
 4. Result. 
 
 I 5. Effect. I 1. Marion. 
 Position of Common- \ 2. Sumter. 
 tiers. I 3. Pickens. 
 
 Arnold's treason. I 4. Lee. 
 
 War in the South. 
 I I- 
 
 VI. W A R OF 
 
 Revolution. 
 
 Gu i 1 f o r d Court 
 House- (Mar. 15. 1781). 
 Ninety-six (May). 
 Eutaw Springs 
 (September). 
 Arnold's Expedition 
 into Virginia (J a n., 
 1781). 
 
 Lafayette's defence. 
 Cornwallis in Virgin- 
 ia (June). 
 5. Difficulties of the country. 
 
 I 1. Time (Oct. 19, 1781 ). 
 
 2. Commanders. 
 
 3. Number of men. 
 
 4. Result. 
 I 5. Effect. 
 
 Peace declared (Nov. 30). 
 Treaty (Sept. 3, 1783). 
 
 1. When? 
 
 2. Closing battles. ' 2. 
 
 I 3- 
 
 3. Green's retreat. I 
 
 4. /;/ the North. 
 
 Siege of I 'ork- 
 town. 
 
 9. Miscel- 
 laneous. 
 
 1. First Confi- 
 ne hi a I Con- 
 gress. 
 
 2. Second C ii t i- 
 n e 11 t a I Co ti- 
 gress. 
 
 (Sept. 5, 
 (Phil a d e 1- 
 
 VII. Second War 
 I. Events of 1812. 
 
 i774>. 
 
 Where ? 
 phia). 
 
 Result (Agreed upon 
 a Decl aration of 
 Rights). 
 
 i.When? ( M a y, 
 
 1775)- 
 
 2. Where ? (Philadel- 
 phia). 
 
 3. Result (Voted mon- 
 ey and an army). 
 
 Stratagem of Fort Stanwix. 
 Franklin 's mission to France. 
 Troubles in camp ( 1780 and 1 7 8 1 ) . 
 Morris, Financial agent. 
 Shay's Rebellion. 
 
 Constitutional Convention (May, 1787). 
 Adoption of Constitution (Sept. 17, 1787). 
 Continental money. 
 with England. C i. 'Right of Search. 
 
 1. Cause. ■ 2. Impressment of our seamen. 
 ( 3. Seizing our vessels as prizes. 
 
36 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 I. Events of 1812. 
 
 Surrender of \ 
 Detroit. ' \ 
 
 Battle of 
 Queenstown. 
 
 Naval 
 
 torics. 
 
 . E v 
 1813. 
 
 E N T S OF 
 
 I tured). 
 The Northern Army. 
 The Central Army. 
 The Western Army. 
 
 I 1 . When 
 
 When? (Aug. 16, 18 12). 
 Commanders (Hull and Brock). 
 Result (loss of Michigan). 
 When ? (Oct. 13, i8i~2). 
 Commanders (Van Rensselaer 
 and Brock). 
 Number of men. 
 Result (Surrender of part of 
 army). 
 
 Constitution and G u e r r i e r e 
 (Aug. 9). 
 
 Frolic and Wasp (Oct. 13). 
 Other victories (300 prizes cap- 
 
 Battle of the 
 Thames. 
 
 Naval Battles. 
 
 (Feb. 
 
 III. Events of 
 1814. 
 
 Battle of Lun- 
 dy's Lane. 
 
 Battle of Lake 
 Champlain. 
 
 4. Battle of New 
 Orleans. 
 
 VIII. War with 
 Mexico. 
 
 (Oct. 5). 
 Commanders (Proctor and Har- 
 rison). 
 
 Result (Decided the war). 
 I 4. Effect (Relieved Michigan). 
 Perry's victory (Sept. 10, 1813). 
 
 I 1. Chesapeake and Shannon 
 (June 1, 1813). 
 2. Hornet and Peacock 
 / / 'ar with L reeks. I 24). 
 
 1. When ? (July 25, 1814). 
 
 2. Commanders (Brown and Drum- 
 mond). 
 
 3. Result (Not decisive). 
 
 1. When ? (Sept. 1 1, 1814). 
 
 2. Commanders (Prevost and Ma- 
 comb). 
 
 3. Result (Capture of British fleet). 
 Ravages on Atlantic coast. 
 
 1. When? (Jan. 8, 181 5), 
 
 2. Commanders (Jackson and Pak- 
 enham). 
 
 I 3. Result (British defeat). 
 1 1. In money ($127,000,000). 
 
 5. Result of war. ■ 2. Loss of men. 
 
 6. Peaee declared. I 3. Increase of manufacture. 
 
 7. Treaty 1 Dec. 24, 1814, at Ghent; Ratified Feb. 17, 1S15). 
 1. Cause. Annexation of Texas (July 4, 1845). 
 
 I 1. When? (April 24, 1846). 
 
 2. Commanders (Taylor and Arista). 
 
 3. Number of men (2300 and 6000). 
 
 4. Result (possession of Matamoras). 
 When ? (Sept. 24, 1846). 
 Commanders (Taylor and Ampudia). 
 Number of men (6000 and 10,000). 
 
 Campaign on 
 Rio Grande. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 L aptureof \ 
 Monterey. 
 
 3- 
 
 [ 4. Result (Capture of city). 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY. 
 
 17 
 
 VIII. Warwith 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 Battle of 
 Beuna Vista. 
 
 When? (Feb. 23, 1847). 
 Commanders (Taylor and Santa 
 Anna). 
 
 Number of men (Less than 5000 
 and 20,000). 
 Result (Mexican defeat). 
 
 Conquest of New 
 Mexico and Cat. 
 
 6. Capture of 
 Vera Cruz. 
 
 Battle of 
 Cerro Gordo. 
 
 . Battles b c - 
 fore Mexico. 
 
 IX. W A R OF 
 
 Rebellion. 
 
 When? (June, 1846). 
 Commanders (Kearney). 
 Number of men ( 1000 ; vastly 
 more). 
 j 4. Result (Independence of Cali- 
 fornia July 5, 1846). 
 
 1. When? (March 29, 1847). 
 
 2. Commanders (Scott and Santa Anna). 
 
 3. Number of men (12,000; and more). 
 
 4. Result (Capture of fortress and city). 
 f 1. When? (April 18, 1847). 
 j 2. Commanders (Scott and Santa 
 
 Anna). 
 j 3. Number of men (12,000 and 12,000). 
 [ 4. Result (Mexican defeat). 
 
 1. When? (Aug. 7,19, 20^; Sept. 8,1847). 
 
 2. Commanders (Scott and Santa 
 Anna). 
 
 3. Number of men (10,000 and 30,- 
 000). 
 
 4. Result (Occupancy of Mexico, Sept. 
 14. 1847). 
 
 9. Peace (July 4, 1848). 
 
 10. Treaty (Feb. 2, 1848, Guadaloupe Hidalgo). 
 Cession of New Mexico, Utah, and Cali- 
 fornia to the United States by Mexico 
 for $1 5,000,000). 
 
 Free trade. 
 
 Slave labor. 
 
 States Rights doctrine. 
 
 1. Surrender of Sumter (April 14, 1861). 
 
 2. West Virginia Campaign (May 24,1861). 
 
 3. Big Bethel Repulse (June 10, 1861). 
 
 4. Ball's Bluff (Oct. 21, 1S61). 
 
 1. Battle of Carthage (June 17, 1861). 
 
 2. Battle of Wilson's Creek (Aug. 10, 1861). 
 
 3. Battle of Belmont (Nov. 7, 1861). 
 
 1. Movement of the army of the Peninsula 
 (April 4). 
 
 2. Capture of Yorktown (May 4). 
 
 3. Battle of Williamsburg (May 5). 
 
 4. Battle of Fair Oaks (May 31, June 1). 
 
 5. Jackson's Raid (June 8). 
 
 6. Seven Days' Retreat (June 28, 29, 30, 
 July 1, 2, 3, 4). 
 
 7. Battle of Gains' Mills (June 27). 
 
 8. Invasion of the North (Sept. 5). 
 
 [il. Result. 
 
 \ 
 
 1. Cause. 
 
 Events in j 
 1861. East. \ 
 
 Events in 
 1 86 1, West. 
 
 Events in 
 1862, East. 
 
33 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 r* 
 
 \. \Y \ R F 
 Kl BELLION. 
 
 Events in 
 [862, East. 
 
 Events in 
 [862, West. 
 
 6. Events i>i 
 1863, A',?.v/. 
 
 7. Events in 
 
 [863, //Vx/. 
 
 [864, /-.'(/.v/. 
 
 12. 
 13. 
 
 I J 
 
 . Battles 
 Gettysburg. 
 
 9. Battle of South Mountain (Sept. 141, 
 10. Surrender of Harper's Ferry (Sept. 15). 
 1 i . Battle of Antietam (Sept. 171. 
 
 Battle of Fredericksburg (Dec. 13). 
 
 Capture of New Orleans (April 28). 
 
 Capture of Fort Henry (Feb. 6, 1862). 
 
 2. Capture of Fort Donelson (Feb. 16). 
 
 3. Occupation of Nashville (Feb. 23). 
 
 4. Occupation of Columbus (March 12). 
 
 5. Battle of Shiloh (April 6, 7; men. 
 40,000 and 57,000). 
 
 (>. Capture of Island No. 10 (April 7). 
 
 7. Capture of Corinth 1 May }o). 
 
 8. Invasion of Kentucky by Bragg (Aug.). 
 
 9. His retreat and battle of Perryville 
 (Oct. 8). 
 
 ro. battle of Murfreesboro (Dec. 31 and 
 
 Jan. 1 l. 
 1 1 . battle of luka. 
 
 Battle of Pea Ridge (March 7. 8). 
 battle of Memphis (June 6). 
 battle of Chancellorsville (May 2. 3). 
 Invasion of Pennsylvania by Lee. 
 , C 1. First day (July 1 ). 
 
 2. Second day (July 2). 
 
 3. Third day (July 3c 
 
 4. Fee's retreat. 
 
 5. Effect of these j Exploded the idea of 
 battles. / northern invasion. 
 
 1. Siege of Vicksburg (July 4). 
 
 2. Surrender of Port Hudson (July 9). 
 
 3. Rosenkrans in Tennessee (Juno. 
 
 4. battle of Chickamauga (Sept. 19. 20). 
 
 5. battle of Chattanooga (Nov. 23. 24. 25). 
 o. battle of Missionary Ridge (Nov. 25). 
 
 7. Operations in Fast Tennessee (Nov. 
 30). 
 
 8. Naval attack on Sumter (April 7). 
 Capture of Fort Wagner (Sept. 7). 
 
 Grant's Campaign (May 4). 
 
 2. battle of the Wilderness 1 May 5.6). 
 
 3. battle of Spottsylvania (May 8, 9. 10, 
 11. 121. 
 
 4. battle of North Anna (June 3). 
 
 5. battle of Cold Harbor (June 3). 
 
 6. Attack on Petersburg (June 8). 
 
 7. Operations in Shenandoah Valley. 
 
 8. butler's Advance on Petersburg (June 
 iS). 
 
 9. The Mine Explosion (July 30). 
 
 10. Siege of Washington (July 101. 
 
 11. Battle of Monocacy (July 01. 
 
 I 12. Sheridan's Valley Campaign (S< 
 
 9- 
 
 I '■ 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY. 
 
 39 
 
 f 
 
 8. Events in 1864,! 13. Battle of Winchester^Sept. 19). 
 
 luist. 
 
 9. Events in 
 1 1 'est. 
 
 IX. War F 
 Rebellion. 
 
 10. Events 
 South . 
 
 1 1 . Events in 
 East. 
 
 IX. War of 
 Rebelli on 
 
 (MlSCEL LA- 
 NEOUS). 
 
 Result. 
 
 Incidents 
 nected with 
 ivar. 
 
 \ 14. Battle of Cedar Creek (Oct. 19). 
 
 1. Sherman's Campaign (May 6). 
 
 2. Battles of Resaca and Dallas 
 (May 14. 15. 25-28). 
 
 3. Battles of Kcnesaw Mountain 
 (June 22). 
 
 4. Hood's Attack at Atlanta (July 
 20, 22, 28). 
 
 5. His Western movement. 
 
 6. Battle of Franklin (Nov. 30). 
 
 7. Battle of Nashville (Dee. 15. 16). 
 
 1864, 8. Sherman's March to the Sea. 
 9. Capture of Fort M'Allister 
 
 (Dec. 13). 
 
 10. Capture of Savannah (Dec 24). 
 
 1 1. Battle of Olustee (Feb. 20). 
 
 12. Fort Pillow Massacre (April 121. 
 
 13. Red River Expedition (March 
 and April). 
 
 14. Expedition against Mobile ( .Aug. 
 
 15. Expedition against Fort Fisher 
 [ (Dec. 24. 25). 
 
 I 1. Northward march of Sherman 
 (Feb.). 
 in 1865, ! 2. Capture of Columbus (Feb. 17). 
 I 3. Fall of Charleston (Feb. 18). 
 
 4. Battle of Averysboro (Mar. 15). 
 I 5. Battle of Goldsboro (Mar. 23). 
 
 1. Sheridan in the Shenandoah 
 (May). 
 
 2. Attack on Fort Steadman (Feb. 
 25). 
 
 3. Battle of Five Forks (April 1). 
 
 1865, 4. Attack on Petersburg (April 2). 
 
 5. Petersburg and Richmond Falls 
 (April 2, 3). 
 
 6. Retreat of Lee (April 3 to 9). 
 
 7. Surrender of Lee's Army (April 
 
 9)- 
 ^ 8. Surrender of Johnston (April 26). 
 
 Abolition of Slavery (1865). 
 
 Entire freedom of Country. 
 
 Settlement of State Rights question. 
 
 ( 1. Emancipation Proclamation (Jan. 
 
 1, 1863.) 
 
 Death of Lincoln (April 14, i 86 5)- 
 
 His Funeral (April 19, 1865). 
 
 Attempt on the life of Seward 
 
 (April 14, 1865). 
 
 5. Execution of Conspirators. 
 
 [6. Death of Wilkes Booth. 
 
 con 
 t/i 
 
 4- 
 
40 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 Incidents con- 
 nected with the 
 
 -car. 
 
 IX. W A R OF 
 REBELL 10 N 
 (MlSCE L L A- " 
 
 NEOl -'. 
 
 Result 
 of -car. 
 
 7. Proclamation of Neutrality by 
 England and France (May 13, [86] I. 
 
 8. McClellan superseded by Burn- 
 side (Nov.. 1862). 
 
 9. Draft Riot (July 13-16. 1863). 
 
 10. Christian Commission. 
 
 11. The Trent Affair (Nov. 8- 1861). 
 
 12. Sanitary Commission. 
 
 13. Merrimac and Monitor (March 8, 
 1862). 
 
 14. Resignation of Scott (July, 1861). 
 
 15. Sioux War (18021. 
 [6. Alabama and Kearsarge (July 19. 
 
 1864). 
 
 17. Paper Money tS2.So in 1864). 
 
 18. Capture of Davis (May 11, 1865). 
 j 1. In Money ($2, 749.000,000). 
 
 y i. Killed 300,000. 
 ! 2. In Men. - 2. Crippled for life 200,000. 
 
 ( 3. Confederates 500,000. 
 { 3. In Destruction of property. 
 
SECTION VIII. 
 
 GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— MATHEMATICAL. 
 
 I. Terms. 
 
 Sphere. 
 Hemisphere. 
 Diameter. 
 Circumference 
 
 I. Mathematical. 
 
 2. Sh afi e 
 and size 
 
 of cart It. 
 
 ) 
 
 i . Degrees. 
 
 2. Minutes. 
 ' 3. Seconds. 
 
 By appearance 
 of ships. 
 
 Shad ow i n 
 
 Eclipse. 
 
 C i rcumnaviga- 
 tion. 
 
 1. Longest Di- 
 ameter. 
 
 2. Shortest Di- 
 [ ameter. 
 
 Extent of Circumference. 
 Extent of Diameter. 
 
 -, Vx , ,s - \ 1. North Pole. 
 roles - \ 2. South Pole. 
 [. Their use. 
 
 [ 5. Circle. 
 
 ' 1. General shape 
 
 . Proofs of rotun 
 dity. 
 
 Oblate Spheroid. 
 
 Cii\h's of 
 situation. 
 
 ™, • 1 i, Equator. 
 Their h. Parallels. 
 nameS ' / ,. Meridians. 
 
 1. North 
 Hemi- 
 sphere. 
 
 2. South 
 Hemi- 
 sphere. 
 
 Motions of 
 ■art//. 
 
 Latitude. 
 
 4. Longitude. 
 
 1. Rotation. 
 
 2. Revolution. 
 
 1 . North 
 
 2. South. 
 
 3. How reckoned. 
 
 4. Length of Degree. 
 
 1. Prime Meridian. 
 
 2. East Longitude. 
 
 3. West Longitude. 
 
 4. Length of De- 
 gree. 
 
 ( 1. On what ? 
 
 • 2. In what time ? 
 
 / 3. Result. 
 
 ( 1. Around what ? 
 
 ■ 2. In what time ? 
 
 ( 3. Result. 
 
42 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 Tronics \ l ' ^ Cancer. 
 
 5. Climate \ p ' ( 2. Of Capricorn. 
 
 cirdeS - \ 2. Polar Circles. \ u ^' ctic Cir ^- , 
 / 2. Antarctic Circle. 
 
 . (■ t ■ , -y J 1. Situation. 
 
 I. Mathematical. { 6- Torrzd Zone, j 2 characteristics. 
 
 T- ///>■■ /• I T " Situation. 
 
 ™ ) 2. Characteristics. 
 
 q r,-; r ;-/ v r - Situation. 
 
 a (2. Characteristics. 
 
 I. Land. 
 
 1. Extent. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— PHYSICAL. 
 
 \ 1. Continents. 
 
 ] 2. Islands. 
 
 v 1 . Peninsulas. 
 
 2. Contour forms. ■ 2. Capes. 
 
 / 3. Isthmuses. 
 
 y 1. Desert. 
 1 1. Plains. ■ 2. Forest. 
 ' 1. Low lands. - ( 3. Prairies. 
 
 ( 2. Valleys. 
 
 , ni„. nn r S !■ Desert. 
 ( '• Plateaus - ) 2. Fertile. 
 2. High lands, j 1. Chains. 
 
 ' 2. Mountains. 2. Ranges. 
 
 3. Relief 
 forms. 
 
 II. Water. 
 
 55 .y 
 1 .c .£ 
 
 I 1. Seas. 
 J 2. Gulfs. 
 
 3. Bays. 
 
 4. Straits. 
 
 t 1 . Chan- 
 nels. 
 ( 2. Sounds. 
 
 III. Climate. 
 
 IV. Plants. 
 
 1. Atlantic] _q / 3. Systems. 
 
 2. Pacific. 
 
 3. Indian. 
 1. Tlie Ocean. \ 4. North 
 
 ern. 
 I 5. South- | S~ 
 [ ern. J ^ 
 
 1. Alain Streams. 
 
 2. Tributaries. 
 
 3. Source. 
 
 4. Mouth. 
 
 5. Delta. 
 \ 1. Salt. 
 1 2. Fresh. 
 
 1. General Law. 
 
 2. First Modification. Altitude. 
 \ 1. Prevailing- winds 
 i 2. Currents of air. 
 
 ti ■ 1 i r 7V7 /■ S l - Situation. 
 
 4. 1 hud Modification. < c . , 
 
 J 12. Sea winds. 
 
 5. Fourth Modification. Length of days. 
 
 f 1. Bread Fruit. 
 
 , -r vl • / I 2. Bananas. 
 I. Tropical. , . -p alms 
 
 4. Rice. 
 
 2. Rivers. 
 
 3. Lakes. 
 
 1. Gem 
 
 2. Firs 
 
 3. Second Modification. 
 
GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 43 
 
 I . Tropical. 
 
 IV. Plants. \ 
 
 \ 5. Pine Apples. 
 ( 6. Caoutchouc, etc. 
 ( 1. Tea. 
 
 2. Coffee. 
 ! 3. Rice. 
 2. Warm TemperateA 4. Wheat. 
 ' 5. Corn. 
 
 6. Potatoes. 
 
 7. Sweet Potatoes 
 { 1. Barley. 
 I 2. Rye. 
 ; 3. Oats. 
 I 4. Buckwheat. 
 ( 5. Potatoes. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Turnips. 
 \ 3. Dwarf Birches. 
 I 4. Alder. 
 ( 5. Willows. 
 
 Cold Temperate. 
 
 4. Arctic. 
 
 ' 1. Temperate. 
 
 { 1. Domestic 
 
 Wild. 
 
 V. Animals. < 
 
 1 . Tropical. 
 
 fi- 
 
 [ 3. Arctic. 
 
 1. Lion. 
 
 2. Tiger. 
 
 3. Hippopotamus. 
 
 4. Peacocks. 
 
 5. Ostriches, etc. 
 White Bear. 
 Seal. 
 
 Walrus. 
 Reindeer. 
 
 1. Horse. 
 
 2. Sheep. 
 
 3. Camel. 
 
 4. Ox. 
 
 5. Goat. 
 
 6. Hen. 
 
 I 7. Geese. 
 
 I 8. Ducks, etc. 
 I' 1. Buffalo, 
 j 2. Deer. 
 
 ; 3- woif. 
 
 I 4- Jay- 
 
 ^5. Hawk etc. 
 
 5. Fur-bearing Animals. 
 
 CHAPTER III.— POLITICAL. 
 
 f 1. Features. 
 
 2. Color. 
 ,- 1. Physical characteristics.- „_ Hair _ 
 
 I 4. Beard. 
 I. RACES) Clurndlin ! \ l Europeans. 
 
 of Man. f r " Lallcasmn - ' 2 _ Representative type. - 2. Arabs. 
 
 ( 3. Hindoos. 
 I 3. Numbers.— 600,000,000. 
 
44 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 I . R V. C E S 
 
 OF Max. 
 
 2. Mongolian. 
 
 C i. Physical characteristics. 
 
 \ 2. Representative type. • 
 1 3. Numbers. — 589,000,000. 
 
 1. Features. 
 
 2. Color. 
 
 3. Hair. 
 
 4. F>eard. 
 Chinese. 
 Japanese. 
 Turks. 
 
 1. Physical characteristics. 
 
 3, . Ifrican. 
 
 ! 2. 
 
 4. Malay 
 
 5. American 
 
 . l'n vs- 
 
 [ C A] 
 
 \ ! 
 
 OF 
 
 ; E D s I 
 
 M \\. I 
 
 i. Food. 
 
 Features. 
 
 Hair. 
 
 4. Beard. 
 Representative \ 1. Tribes of Africa, 
 type. 1 2. Negroes in America. 
 
 Number. — 185,000,000. | 1. Features. 
 
 2 ( " 1 ) 1 1 IV 
 
 1. Physical characteristics. ! „ . • 
 
 3 I 3. Hair. 
 
 4. Beard. 
 
 ,, 1 1. Inhabitants (if Malacca. 
 
 2. Representative \ c . T ,■ , , , 
 
 . ' • 2. Last India Islanders. 
 
 ( 3. Pacific Islanders. 
 
 3. Numbers. — 60,000,000. 1 1. Features. 
 
 1. Physical characteristics. ' " TT ( ''°'' 
 j v Hair. 
 
 I 4- Beard. 
 
 Representative \ Indians of North and South 
 
 1 America. 
 
 -1 1,000.000. 
 
 ^ 1. Domestic. 
 
 Beasts. • 2. Wi Id ( 1. Forest. 
 
 ' game. / 2. Prairie. 
 
 l 1. 1 )omestic. 
 
 1. Animal. \ 2. Birds. ■' 2. \\"i Id \ r. 
 
 type. 
 3. Numbers. 
 
 / 
 
 game. 
 
 Forest. 
 Prairie. 
 
 [ 3. Fishes 
 
 1. Roots. 
 
 \ 
 
 ' 5- 
 
 Sea. 
 
 Lake. 
 
 River. 
 
 Potatoes 
 
 Onions. 
 
 3. Beets. 
 
 4. Turnips. 
 Stalks and ( [• S?ar. 
 
 leaves. 
 
 .2. / 'egetable. 
 
 Grains. 
 
 [4. Fruits. 
 
 Tea. 
 
 ' 3. Cabbage, etc. 
 I 1. Wheat. 
 j 2. Barley. 
 : 3- Rye. ' 
 
 4. Corn. 
 
 5. Coffee, etc. 
 1. Ap] 
 
 ! 2. Peaches. 
 
 3. Nuts. 
 ! 4. Melons. 
 
GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 45 
 
 I. FOOD. 3. Mineral. 
 
 II. Physical 
 needs o F 
 
 MAN. 
 
 1. Salt. 
 
 2. Water. 
 
 3. Lime. 
 
 4. Iron. I 
 
 2. Clothing. 
 
 I. Animal. 
 
 I 'e^elalde. 
 
 I- 3. Mineral. 
 
 \nimal. 
 
 3. Shelter. 
 
 III. Nations. 
 
 1. European. 
 
 1. Wool. 
 
 I 2. Fur. 
 
 ! 3- Ivory. 
 
 I 4. Horns. 
 
 i 5. Leather. 
 
 I 1. Cotton. 
 
 • 2. Linen. 
 
 / 3. Gutta-percha. 
 
 I t. Iron. 
 
 I 2. Steel. 
 
 I 3. Copper. 
 
 I 4. Brass. 
 
 \ 1. Skins. 
 
 I 2. Woollens. 
 
 .. , ,, \ 1. Cotton. 
 2. 1 egetable. j 2 Unen 
 
 j 1. Brick. 
 
 , ,. , 2. Stone. 
 t.. Mineral. ■ ^ • „ 
 J 3. Paints. 
 
 [4. Glass. 
 
 ( 1. England. 
 
 „ 2. Russia. 
 
 1. Lurope. - t- 
 
 v 3. France. 
 
 [4. Spain, etc. 
 ( 1. Turkey. 
 
 2. Asia. < 2. Persia. 
 
 ( 3. Siberia, etc. 
 1 1. Soudan. 
 
 2. American 
 
 1. Savage. 
 
 I 3. Africa. ■' 2. Zanguebar. 
 
 ( 3. Cape Colony, etc. 
 
 1 1. United States, 
 f 1. North America. < 2. Mexico. 
 
 ( 3. Canada, etc. 
 ( 1. Chili. 
 I 2. South America. 1 2. Brazil, 
 fi. Characteristics. (3. Peru, etc. 
 
 j 2. Language. — Spoken. 
 j 3. Government. — Patriarchal. 
 [4. Religion. — Pagan. 
 
 1. Characteristics. 
 
 IV. STATES OF J 2. Half civilized. 
 SOCIETY. 
 
 T l 1. Spoken. 
 
 2. Language, j 2 ^ ritten . 
 
 1 3. Civilised. 
 
 3. Government. — Absolute Monarchy. 
 I 4. Religion. — Buddhist. 
 
 1. Characteristics. 
 
 T \ I. Spoken. 
 
 2. Language, j 2 # ritteni 
 
 ^ . ( 1. Republican. 
 
 3. Government, j 2 Mo ^ archical . 
 
 4. Religion. — Christian. 
 
4 6 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 V. Occupations. 
 
 VI. Government. 
 
 f I. Agriculture. 
 
 \ i. Farming - . 
 
 ( 2. Grazing. 
 
 c- s ■ I- Fishing. 
 
 2. Seafaring. < ^ ■ \- 
 
 J * / 2. Navigation. 
 
 i I. Cutting. 
 
 3. Lumbering. - 2. Hauling. 
 
 / 3. Sawing. 
 I 1. Coal. 
 I 2. Gold. 
 
 4. Mining. 3. Silver. 
 
 4. Iron. 
 
 5. Lead, etc. 1 1. Flour. 
 
 i 1. For food. < 2. Syrup. 
 
 5. Manufacturing. - 2. For clothing. ( 3. Sugar, etc. 
 
 ( 3. Shelter. 
 
 ( 1. Imports. 
 
 6. Commerce. 
 
 Foreign. 
 
 2. Domestic. 
 
 I 2. Exports. 
 1 1. By rail. 
 
 I. Republican. 
 
 2. Monarchical. 
 
 i I. Roman Catholic. 
 
 I 1. Christian. - 2. Protestant. 
 
 / 3. Greek Church. 
 VII. RELIGION. \ 2. Mohammedan. 
 
 3. Jewish. 
 
 4. Pagan. 
 
 -, 2. Canals. 
 / 3. Rivers. 
 
 1 1. Senate. 
 
 1. Legislative. -] 2. House of Rep- 
 
 ( resentatives. 
 i 1. Supreme Court. 
 
 2. Judicial. - 2. Circuit Court. 
 
 I 3. Inferior Court. 
 t, j 1. President. 
 
 ;. Executive j 2 vice-President. 
 
 1. Absolute. 
 
 2. Limited. 
 
 3. Kingdoms. 
 
 4. Empires. 
 
 5. Duchies. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— LOCAL OR STATE GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 v 1. By Latitude and Longitude. 1 1. Oceans. 
 I. Position of state. \ 1 1. Natural. \ 2. Lakes. 
 
 By Boundaries. 
 
 3. Rivers. 
 
 ( 2. Artificial. — State lines. 
 
 II. Outline. •> „ T - 
 
 ) 2. irregular. 
 
 ( 1. Length in miles. 
 l i. Definite size. ■ 2. Breadth" in miles. 
 
 III. Extent. I ( 3. Area. 
 
 ( 2. Comparative size. — As to other States 
 
GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 47 
 
 IV. Coast. 
 
 i. Principal Indentations. \ ' T> avs ' 
 
 „ . ■, , r, ■ 4 ■ i I. Peninsulas. 
 
 2. Principal Projections. < 2 _ Capes 
 
 3. Adjacent Islands. 
 
 4. Harbor. 
 ( 1. Level. 
 
 1. Characteristics. < 2. Undulating, 
 f 3. Mountains. 
 
 1 1. To what System. 
 
 2. Mountains. 1 2. To what Range or Group. 
 v c„ PF1 rF 3- Valleys. ( 3. Interior or Boundary. 
 
 V. SURFACE.-, , r Wo oded. 
 
 4. Plains. -] 2. Grassy. 
 ( 3. Sandy. 
 
 5. Direction of slopes. 
 
 6. Natural Curiosities. 
 \ 1. To what System. | 1. Length. 
 •) „ .... ,, .. , . 2. Navigable. 
 (2. Description of particular rivers, j ^ For Waterpower . 
 
 r, ... . I 4. For Fish. 
 
 r 1 , Description. y ^ 
 
 j 2 " J? w> * a/ ^'- sV ' w - I 1. For Fishing. 
 1 3 " t/JW " \ 2. For Commerce. 
 
 f I. As determined by latitude. 
 
 1. Altitude. 
 \ 2. Proximity to Sea. 
 
 3. Great Lakes. 
 [2. As modified by certain causes. < 4. Winds. 
 
 VI. Rivers. 
 
 VII. Lakes. 
 
 VIII. Climate. 
 
 1. Forests 
 ( 1. On the surface. I 2. The soil 
 
 IX. Natural ad- 
 vantages. 
 
 2. Within the 
 earth. 
 
 5. Slope of Land. 
 
 6. Nature of Soil. 
 
 7. Forests. 
 3. Facilities for transportation. 
 
 I 1. Coal. 
 
 I 2. Iron. 
 
 1. Useful min- j 3. Salt. 
 
 erals. 
 
 I 2. Precious metals 
 1. Sea fish 
 
 4. Building stone. 
 
 5. Copper, Lead, 
 etc. 
 
 S 1. Gold. 
 
 X. Internal improvements 
 
 XL Occupations. 
 
 / 2. Silver. 
 r ., , 1. Sea fish. 
 
 { 3. In the water. < ( 2 Lake and Riyer figh 
 
 r, ., 7^1. Local roads. 
 :i. Railroads. )2 Trunk lines . 
 
 , 2. Canals. 
 
 ( 3. Navigation by Lakes and Rivers. 
 
 , ... I 1. Crops raised. 
 
 1. Agriculture.^ Stoc H k raisin ,,, 
 
 ,, , , . j 1. Importance. 
 
 2. Manufacturing, j 2 Ar g deg manufactured . 
 
 ! .,. . I i. Metals, etc., found. 
 
 t 3. Mining, j 2 Tq what extent worked . 
 
4 8 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 I 4. Lumbering 
 XL Occupations. ■! 5- Fishing. 
 
 S 1. Location of Forests. 
 
 I 2. Method pursued. 
 
 \ 1. Locality of fisheries. 
 
 \ 2. Kinds caught. 
 
 I 6. 
 
 XII. Government. 
 
 XIII. History. 
 
 XIV. Cities. 
 
 / 
 
 1 1. Exports. 
 Commerce. - 2. Imports. 
 
 ( 3. Means of transportation. 
 { 1. Names of Houses. 
 
 2. Session. 
 ( 3. Length of term. 
 S 1. Supreme Court. 
 ^ 2. Circuit Court. 
 ( 1. Colonial Period. 
 ■ 2. Territorial Period. 
 ( 3. Date of Admission. 
 Subsequent growth and present Population. 
 
 , 1. Legislative. 
 ) 2. Executive. 
 
 \ 3. Judicial, 
 liar v V History 
 
 Population. 
 
 1. Capital. -| 2. Industries. 
 
 Chief source of wealth. 
 
 \ 
 
 Metropolis. 
 
 1 1. Population. 
 ■ 2. Industries. 
 I 3. Chief source of wealth. 
 1 1. Population. 
 
 .' -1 
 
 Other important Cities. -' 2. Industries. 
 
 ( 3. Chief source of wealth 
 
SECTION IX. 
 
 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— GEOLOGY. 
 
 I. General struct- 
 ure OF THE EARTH. 
 
 F ■// - \ I- Vegetable mould, i i. Silicious. 
 I. Partus. | 2 Mi nera i eart hs. } 2. Calcareous. 
 ] 1. Unstratified. ( 3. Argillaceous 
 
 2. Stratified. 
 
 3. Fossiliferous. 
 
 I 2. Rocks. 
 
 II. Continents. 
 
 I. Eastern. 
 
 2. Western. 
 
 Continental. 
 
 III. Islands. 
 
 I 2. Pelagic. 
 
 4. Non-fossiliferous. 
 
 5. Igneous. 
 
 6. Metamorphic. 
 
 S 1. 
 I 7. Aqueous. - ; 2 
 
 $ 1. Stratified. 
 I 2. Unstratified. 
 \ 1. Stratified. 
 ( 2. Unstratified. 
 I 1. Unstrati- 
 fied. 
 2. Xon-fossi- 
 liferous. 
 I 1. Unstrati- 
 | fied. 
 j 2. Non-fos- 
 siliferous. 
 j 1. Stratified. 
 I 2. Non-fossiliferous. 
 Stratified. 
 Fossiliferous. 
 
 1. Plutonic 
 
 2. Volcanic. 
 
 Europe. 
 Asia. 
 Africa. 
 
 North America. 
 South America. 
 Japanese. 
 British Islands. 
 / 3. West Indies. 
 
 \ 1. Sandwich. 
 
 / 2. St. Helena. 
 
 I 1. 
 
 (3. 
 
 \ I. 
 12. 
 
 Si- 
 
 1. Common. 
 
 2. Volcanic. 
 
 [V. Mountains. 
 
 
 1 3. Caroline. 
 
 I. 
 
 20,000 feet and up. 
 
 2 
 
 10,000 to 20,000. 
 
 3- 
 
 2000 A? 10,000. 
 
 4- 
 
 Chains. 
 
 5- 
 
 Ranges. 
 
 6. 
 
 Systems. 
 
 Sabrina. 
 
 2. Nyoe. 
 
 3. Hotham. 
 
 1. Lagoon. 
 
 2. Encircling Reefs. 
 
 3. Barrier Reefs. 
 
 4. Infringing Reefs. 
 
50 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 V. Valleys. 
 
 VI. Plateaus. 
 
 VII. Plains. 
 
 \ i. Longitudinal. 
 I 2. Transverse. 
 
 \ i. Desert. 
 
 \ 2. Fertile. 
 
 VIII. Volcanoes. 
 
 Wooded. 
 
 Grassy. 
 
 3 
 
 3. Desert. 
 
 IX. Earthquakes. 
 
 / 
 
 ( I. Forests. 
 ' Selvas. 
 Heaths. 
 Prairies. 
 
 2. Llanos. 
 
 3. Pampas. 
 
 4. Steppes. 
 Llanos. 
 Steppes. 
 Landes. 
 
 I. Central System. 
 
 2. Linear System. 
 
 3. Mud 1 'oleanoes. 
 
 4. Fires of Bokou. 
 
 5. Hockans. 
 
 6. Hot sinc\ 
 
 7. Geysers. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Active. 
 
 Intermittent, 
 
 Extinct. 
 
 Active. 
 
 Intermittent 
 
 Extinct. 
 
 1. Linear. 
 
 \ 
 
 2. Circular. 
 
 Horizontal. 
 
 Vertical. 
 
 Rotary. 
 
 1. Horizontal. 
 
 2. Vertical. 
 
 3. Rotary. 
 
 I. Springs. 
 
 II. Rivers. 
 
 3- 
 I 4 ' 
 15- 
 
 CHAPTER II.— HYDROGRAPHY, 
 
 Perennial. 
 
 Intermittent. 
 
 Periodical. 
 
 j 1 . Syracuse, N. Y. 
 Kanawha, Va. 
 ^ i. Saratoga, N. Y 
 
 Salt. 
 
 Mineral. 
 
 1. Oceanic. 
 
 Sulphur. Va. 
 3. Blue Licks. Ky. 
 
 1. Arctic. 
 
 2. Antarctic. 
 
 3. Pacific. 
 \. Atlantic. 
 v Indian. 
 
 Continental. 
 Main Streams. 
 Tributaries. 
 
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 51 
 
 III. Lakes. 
 
 Those with inlet and no outlet. 
 Those with inlet and an outlet . 
 Those with no inlet but an outlet. 
 Those with no inlet nor outlet . 
 Salt. 
 
 North Atlantic. 
 
 South Atlantic. 
 
 1 j- 
 
 4- 
 I 5- 
 1^6. Fresh. 
 
 1. Arctic. 
 
 IV. Oceans. 
 
 2. Atlantic. 
 
 Pacific 
 
 Eastern, 
 
 4. Western. 
 
 1. Eastern. 
 
 \ 1. 
 
 Western. 
 
 V. Oceanic 
 
 MOVEMENTS. 
 
 Indian. ' ' 
 1 3- 
 
 u 
 
 Antarctic. 1 
 1. Waves. , 
 
 2. Tides. 
 
 s 1. Mediterranean Sea. 
 \ 2. Baltic Sea. 
 
 I 1. Caribbean Sea. 
 
 -] 2. Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 ( 3. Honduras Bay. 
 
 Gulf of California. 
 
 Sea of Kamtschatka. 
 
 1. China Sea. 
 
 2. Yellow Sea. 
 I 3. Japan Sea. 
 
 Bay of Bengal. 
 Persian Gulf. 
 Arabian Sea. 
 Red Sea. 
 
 1. By the onward flow of the ocean's surface. 
 
 2. By the Winds. 
 
 3. By the Earthquakes. 
 \ 1. Spring Tide. 
 I 2. Neap Tide. 
 
 \ 1. Spring Tide. 
 
 ( 2. Neap Tide. 
 Under Currents. 
 Counter Currents. 
 
 i. 1. Flood Tide. 
 f 2. Ebb Tide. 
 
 3. Currents. 
 
 Temporary 
 rents. 
 
 Cur- 
 
 4. Constant 
 Currents. 
 
 Periodical Currents 
 
 Hurlgate, East 
 River. 
 
 Roost of Shum- 
 burg, South 
 [ Shetland. 
 
 1. The Antarctic Current. 
 
 2. The Equatorial Current 
 of the Atlantic. 
 
 3. The Equatorial Current 
 of the Pacific. 
 
 4. The Southern connecting- 
 Current. 
 
 5. Guiana and Caribb ea n 
 Current. 
 
 6. Gulf Stream. 
 
 7. North Africa and Guinea 
 Current. 
 
 8. Arctic Current. 
 
 9. Japan Current. 
 
 10. Saxgasso, or Grassy Sea. 
 I 1. Red Sea. 
 j 2. Persian Gulf. 
 I 3. China Sea. 
 [4. Indian Ocean. 
 
52 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 CHAPTER HE— METEOROLOGY 
 
 I. Atmosphere. \ 
 
 i. Dry air. 
 
 IE Temperature, 
 
 \ i. Oxygen, 20, or 21. 
 j 2. Nitrogen, 79, or 80. 
 2. Vapor of water. 
 k 1. Temperature of a solid body. 
 ■ 2. Temperature of the atmosphere. 
 ( 3. Temperature of a place. 
 
 \ 1. North-east. 
 
 1 . c 'oust ant or Trade. 
 
 III. Winds. 
 
 2. Periodical. 
 
 I 'ar fable 
 
 4. //i?/ winds. 
 
 1. Eand 
 breezes. 
 
 2. Monsoons. 
 Etezian. 
 
 South-east. 
 
 and sea \ r. From the sea. 
 / 2. From the land. 
 
 1. North-east. 
 
 2. North-west. 
 
 3. South-east. 
 
 4. South-west. 
 
 ( 'old winds. 
 
 I 3 
 
 I 4. Northers of Texas and Mexico. 
 
 ) 1. South-west. 
 
 1 2. North- west. 
 
 I 1. Simoom. 
 
 2. Khamsin. 
 
 3. Harmattan. 
 
 4. Sirocco. 
 
 5. Solano. 
 
 i 1. Pamperos. 
 
 • 2. Northers of Texas and Mexico. 
 Bora. 
 
 3- 
 
 Whirlwinds. 
 
 Rt -7 ■( >li <ing a >inds . 
 
 Moist winds. 
 Dry winds. 
 
 Hurricanes. 
 Typhoons. 
 Cyclones. 
 Tornadoes. 
 
 1. Dew. 
 
 2. Frosts. 
 3- Fog. 
 
 4. Clouds. 
 
 IV. Moisture of the atmosphere. 
 
 5. Rain. 
 
 V. Climate. 
 
 fi 
 
 ! 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 ! 5- 
 
 i 6 - 
 
 Elevation above the sea level. 
 
 Slope of the land. 
 
 Snow, 
 Hail. 
 
 \ 
 
 ) 
 
 I 1 . Cirrus. 
 I 2. Cumulus. 
 j 3. Stratus. 
 I 4. Nimbus. 
 
 1. Rainless region. 
 
 2. Periodical rains. 
 
 3. Frequent. 
 
 1. Glaciers. 
 
 2. Icebergs. 
 
 3. Avalanches. 
 
 1. Tierras Calientes. 
 
 2. Tierras Templadas. 
 t>. Tierras Frias. 
 
 Position of mountains and plains. 
 
 I i'eiuity of the sea. ^, • , 
 
 ^, -, -' , ., ., 11. The torrid. 
 1 lie nature of t/ic soil. \ o ^, 1 
 
 3. The warm. 
 
 4. The temperate. 
 
 Isothermal lines. 
 
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 53 
 
 V. CLIMATE. 6. Isothermal lines. 
 
 VI. Electrical 
 
 NOMENA. 
 
 VII. Optical Phenomena 
 
 \ 5. The cold. 
 \ 6. The frigid. 
 
 :-,,.., J i. Thunder. 
 
 1. l-./eetrie/ty. \ T • u. 
 
 y / 2. Lightning. 
 
 2. Mariners light. 
 
 3. . \n ror a Bo real is. 
 
 I 1. Rainbow. 
 
 I 2. Haios coronce. 
 
 3. Mock suns. 
 
 4. Mock moons. 
 
 5. Mirage. 
 
 6. /vrA? Morgana. 
 _ 7. /^'7//j' Faluns. 
 
 
 Zigzag. 
 
 Sheet. 
 
 Globular. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.- ORGANIC LIFE. 
 
 I. Botany. 
 
 1. Cryptogamous. . 
 
 2. Phicnoteamous. ' 
 
 3. //<?/ Climate. 
 
 4. IVar/u Temperate. 
 
 5. CVrt' Temperate. 
 
 6. Arctic. { 
 
 7. ./vw^ Plants. 
 
 8. Clothing Plants. 
 [_ 9. Narcotics. 
 
 Mam- 
 malia. 
 
 Endogenous. 
 Exogenous. 
 
 f 1. TV;-/, 
 
 2. Carni- 
 
 i 1. Dog. 
 ) 2. Cat. 
 
 II. Zoology. 
 
 2. Birds. 
 
 Fishes. 
 
 \ 1 
 2 
 
 I 4. Reptiles. 
 
 I 2. Molluscitous. 
 1 3. Articulated. 
 I 4. Radiated. 
 III. Ethnography, i. Caucasian. 
 
 Ouadrumana. 
 
 1. Chieroptera. 
 
 2. Insectivora. 
 vora. I 3. Digitigrada. 
 
 ( 4. Plantigrada. 
 Marsupialia. 
 Rodentia. 
 Edentata. 
 Pachydermata. 
 Ruminantia. 
 
 Marine Mam- \ 1. Amphibia, 
 malia. / 2. Cetacea. 
 
 1. Rapaces. 
 
 2. Scansores. 
 
 3. Oscines. 
 
 4. (ialinacea. 
 
 5. Grallatores. 
 
 6. Natatores. 
 For food. 
 Other species. 
 Crocodiles. 
 Serpents. 
 Frogs. 
 Turtles. 
 
 \ 1. Venomous. 
 \ 2. Harmless. 
 
 1. Europeans. 
 
 2. Hindoos. 
 
 3. Whites of America. 
 
54 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 III. Ethnography. 
 
 Mongolian. 
 
 i I. Esquimaux. 
 - Chinese. 
 
 3. EtJiiopian. 
 
 I 3. Osmans of Turkey, etc. 
 
 t 1. Abyssinians. 
 
 < 2. Africans. 
 
 ( 3. New Caledonians. 
 
 , , , i 1, Inhabitants of Malacca. 
 
 4. Malay. ^ 2 Ngw ZealanderSi etc 
 
 . . \ \. Indians of North America. 
 
 5. American. { 2 _ Indians of South America. 
 
 CHAPTER V.— LOCAL PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 I. Coast. 
 
 II. Islands. 
 
 III. Mountains 
 
 „ ... \ \. Peninsulas. 
 
 1. Projections, j 2 0d ^ s 
 
 I 1. Seas. 
 j 2. Bays. 
 
 2. Indentations. \ 3. Gulfs. 
 
 I 4. Inlets. 
 
 I 5. Sounds. 
 I 1. Continental. 
 I 2. 5m. 
 
 3. Z.r?/V. 
 
 4. River. 
 ( 1. System. 
 '• 2. Chain. 
 I 3. Range. 
 I 4. Boundary. 
 
 5. Interior. 
 
 6. Volcanoes. 
 
 IV. Lakes. 
 
 1 1. .w/. 
 - 2. Fr 
 
 V. Rivers. 
 
 Jresh. 
 
 I 3. 7tf ri'//(?/ system. 
 I 1. Oceanic. 
 i 2. ( 'ontinental. 
 
 3. Main streams. 
 
 4. Tributaries. 
 
 5. Availability for navigation. 
 
 6. . 1 7 ui 1 lability for water-power. 
 I 1. Level. 
 
 I 2. Undulating. 
 VI. General Surface. ' 3. Mountainous. 
 
 j 4. Nature of soil for Agriculture, 
 ' 5. Natural Curiosities. 
 
 vii. springs. ; •• -;^ (7 i -• 5«/^«r. 
 
 y I. //,</. 
 
 VIIL CLIMATE. - 2. Temperate, 
 f 3. CW. 
 
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 55 
 
 IX. Rainfall. 
 
 X. Plants. 
 
 XI. Animals. 
 
 C I. Periodical. 
 -] 2. Frequent. 
 ( 3. Scanty. 
 For food. 
 For clothing. 
 Xarcotics. 
 
 \l 
 
 Tropical. 
 Temperate. 
 
 Arctic. 
 
 \ 1. Domestic. 
 \ 2. Wild. 
 
 1. Precious metals. 
 
 2. Precious stones. 
 
 3. Ordinary stones. 
 
 XII. Mineralogy. { 4 . Ordinary metals 
 
 Marble. 
 
 Granite. 
 
 Sandstone. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Copper. 
 
 Lead. 
 
 Tin, etc. 
 
 Ordinary minerals. . 
 Petroleum. ( 2. 
 
 ( 1. Coal. 
 
 Salt. 
 
 I 1. 
 I 2. 
 
 * 1. 
 
 Anthracite. 
 Bituminous. 
 Springs. 
 Mines. 
 
SECTION X. 
 
 GEOLOGY. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— ROCKS. 
 
 1. STRA riFIED, OR AQUE- 
 OUS ROCKS. 
 
 3- 
 
 I . Eozoic ■ 
 
 2. Palceozoic. 
 
 3. Mesozoic. 
 
 4. Ceinozoic. 
 
 II. Unstratified, or igneous rocks. 
 
 Mica. 
 
 Mica Schist. 
 
 Saccharoid Limestone. 
 
 Talcose Schist. 
 
 Hornblende. 
 
 Quartz Rock. 
 
 Clay, or Argillaceous Slate 
 
 Serpentine Rocks. 
 
 1. Silurian Scries. 
 
 2. Devonian Series. 
 
 3. Carboniferous Series. 
 
 4. Permian Scries. 
 
 1 . Triassic Series. 
 
 2. Jurassic Scries. 
 
 3. Cretaceous Series. 
 Eocene 
 
 1. Tertiary. 
 
 2. Drift. 
 
 Alluvium 
 
 
 - 2. Miocene. 
 ( 3. Pliocene. 
 Moraine Terraces. 
 S u b-a cj u e u s 
 Ridges. 
 Sea Beaches. 
 Sea Bottom. 
 1 1. Soil. 
 I 2. Clay. 
 3. Sand. 
 1 4. Peat. 
 j 5. Marl. 
 ■{ 6. Calcare o u s 
 Tufa. 
 
 , Coral Reefs. 
 , Deposits of 
 skeletons of 
 Infusoria. 
 
 Granitic Rocks. 
 Trapfiean Rocks. 
 Volcanic Rocks. 
 
GEOLOGY. 57 
 
 CHAPTER II.— VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES, ETC. 
 
 I. Intermittent . 
 
 II. Phenomena of an eruption. 
 
 III. Dynamics of volcanic action. 
 
 IV. New islands formed by volcanic agency. 
 V '. Submarine volcanoes. 
 
 VI. Character of molt c>i lava. 
 
 VII. / 'olcanoes constantly active. 
 
 VIII. Seat of volcanic power. 
 
 IX. Extinct volcanoes. 
 
 EARTHQUAKES. 
 
 ( i. Horizontal. 
 
 I. Concussions. - 2. Perpendicular. 
 
 I 3. Rotary. 
 
 II. Progression, -j '■ £*^*T' 
 
 ( 2. Circular. 
 
 THERMAL SPRINGS. 
 
 I. Theory of thermal springs. 
 
 II. The Geysers of Iceland. 
 
 III. The Hot Springs of Arkansas. 
 
 IV. The Hot Springs of Rocky Mountains. 
 
 CHAPTER III.— FOSSIL REMAINS. 
 
 1. Polypi. 
 
 2. Brachiopods. 
 
 3. Crinoids. 
 
 I. Silurian series. ■ 4. Echinodermata. 
 
 5. Crustacea. 
 
 6. Corals. 
 
 7. Fishes. 
 
 J I. Animals. 
 I 2. Fishes. 
 I 3. Reptiles. 
 
 II. Devonian series, j 4. Ferns. 
 
 I 5. Stigmaria. 
 6. Sigillaria. 
 I 7. Rhyncholites. 
 
 III. Permian series. — Similar to above. 
 
 IV. Triassic series. 
 
 1. Plants. 
 
 2. Animals. 
 
 3. Reptiles. 
 
 4. Fishes. 
 
53 
 
 TREASURY OF FACT::.. 
 
 V. JUR ^SSIC PERIOD. 
 
 i . j Xnimals. 
 
 2. Insects. 
 
 3. Fishes. 
 
 4. Ichthyosaurus. 
 
 5. Pleiosaurus. 
 
 6. Iguanodon. 
 
 7. Pterodactyl. 
 
 8. Foot-marks. 
 
 9. Raindrops. 
 
 10. Fossil sponges. 
 
 1 1 . Corals. 
 
 12. Crustaceous shells. 
 
 13. Reptiles. 
 
 14. Fruits. 
 
 15. Nutnmulites. 
 
SECTION XL 
 
 BOTANY. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— PHENOGAMOUS (FLOWERING PLANTS) 
 
 I. Exogenous. 
 
 J'- 
 
 Polypi 
 
 Ions. 
 
 ta- 
 
 Si a m ens 
 more than 
 ten. 
 
 2. Stamens 
 less t h a n 
 ten. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 8. 
 
 9- 
 10. 
 1 1. 
 
 12. 
 
 '3- 
 
 14. 
 
 ■5- 
 
 1. Mallow Family. 
 Mimosa Family. 
 Rue Family. 
 Camellia Family. 
 Magnolia Family. 
 Water-lily Family. 
 Calycanthus Family. 
 Rose Family. 
 Moonseed Family. 
 Custard-apple Family. 
 Crowfoot Family. 
 Mignonette Family. 
 Fig-marigold Family. 
 Pulse Family. 
 Barberry Family. 
 
 16. Rock-rose Family. 
 
 17. Caper Family. 
 
 18. Poppy Family. 
 
 19. Cactus Family. 
 
 20. Loasa Family. 
 
 21. Myrtle Family. 
 
 22. Pitcher-plant Family. 
 
 23. Sundew Family. 
 
 24. Begonia Family. 
 
 25. Purslane Family, etc. 
 
 1. Magnolia Family. 
 
 2. Quassia Family. 
 Orpine Family. 
 Saxifrage Family. 
 Soapberry Family. 
 Leadwort Family. 
 Primrose Family. 
 Sterculia Family. 
 Vine Family. 
 Buckthorn Family. 
 St. John's Wort Fam- 
 ily. 
 
 12. Fumitory Family. 
 
 13. Mustard Family. 
 
 14. Caper Family. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 8. 
 
 9- 
 
 10. 
 1 1. 
 
6o 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 i . Polype t a- \ 
 
 /tuts. I 
 
 St am ens 
 /ess tli a n 
 ten. 
 
 I. Exogenous. < 
 
 2. Monopcta- 
 lous. 
 
 Superior 
 Calyx and 
 Infe r i or 
 Ovary. 
 
 Superior 
 ( h/ary and 
 
 In f c r i o r 
 Calyx. 
 
 15. Passion Flower Fam- 
 
 16. Violet Family. 
 
 17. Sundew Family. 
 
 18. Tamarisk Family. 
 
 19. Pittosporum Family. 
 
 20. Cashew Family. 
 
 21. Pink Family. 
 
 22. Water Wort Family. 
 
 23. Flax Family. 
 
 24. Parsley Family. 
 
 25. Gourd Family. 
 
 1. Composite Family. 
 
 2. Cobelia Family 
 
 3. Campanula Family. 
 
 4. Whortleberry Family. 
 
 5. Valerian Family. 
 
 6. Honeysuckle Family. 
 
 7. Gesneria Family. 
 
 8. Storax Family. 
 
 9. Cinchona Family. 
 
 10. Madder Family. 
 
 1 1. Teasel Family. 
 Gourd Family. 
 I [eath Family. 
 Pulse Family. 
 Polygala Family. 
 Fumitory Family. 
 
 5. liorage Family. 
 
 6. Nightshade Family. 
 
 7. Figwort Family. 
 
 8. Bladderwort Family. 
 Broom-rape Family. 
 Gesneria Family. 
 Bignonia Family. 
 Sesamum Family. 
 Acanthus Family. 
 Vervain Family. 
 
 15. Mint Family. 
 
 16. Geranium Family. 
 
 17. Orpine Family. 
 
 18. Heath Family. 
 
 19. Ebony Family. 
 
 20. Storax Family. 
 
 21. Lead wort Family. 
 
 22. Primrose Family. 
 
 23. Sapodilla Family. 
 
 24. Nolana Family. 
 
 25. Dogbane Family. 
 
 26. Milkweed Family. 
 
 27. Four-O'clock Family. 
 
 28. Holly Family. 
 
 29. Plantain Family. 
 
 12. 
 1. 
 2 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 9- 
 10. 
 1 1. 
 
 12. 
 
 13- 
 14. 
 
BOTANY. 
 
 61 
 
 I. Exogenous. 
 
 Monopet cl- 
 ients. 
 
 2. Superior 
 Ovary and 
 Inf e r io r 
 
 Calyx. 
 
 3. Apetalous. 
 
 F lowe r s 
 not in Cat- 
 kins. 
 
 , Flowers in 
 Catkins or 
 Catkin-like 
 heads. 
 
 4. Gymnospermous. 
 
 30. Logania Family. 
 
 31. Waterleaf Family. 
 
 32. Polemonium Family. 
 
 33. Heliotrope Family. 
 
 34. Convolvulus Family. 
 
 35. Dodder Family. 
 
 36. Olive Family. 
 
 I 1. Birthwort Family. 
 
 2. Evening Primrose 
 Family. 
 
 3. Pink Family. 
 
 4. Loosestrife Family. 
 
 5. Witch-hazel Family. 
 
 6. Saxifrage Family. 
 
 7. Poppy Family. 
 
 8. Amaranth Family. 
 
 9. Chickweed Family. 
 
 10. Oleaster Family. 
 
 1 1. Laurel Family. 
 
 12. Sweet-gale Family. 
 
 13. Plane-tree Family. 
 
 14. Fig Family. 
 
 15. Elm Family. 
 
 16. Mezereum Family. 
 
 17. Sandalwood Family. 
 
 18. Dogwood Family. 
 
 19. Buckwheat Family. 
 
 20. Crowfoot Family. 
 
 21. Lizzard's-Tail Family. 
 
 22. Hemp Family. 
 
 23. Goosefoot Family. 
 
 24. Water Milfoil Family. 
 
 25. Spurge Family. 
 
 26. Pokeweed Family. 
 2J. Buck-thorn Family. 
 
 1. Nettle Family. 
 
 2. Pine Family. 
 
 3. Fig Family. 
 
 4. Mistletoe Family. 
 
 5. Walnut Family. 
 
 6. Birch Family. 
 
 7. Willow Family. 
 
 8. Plane-tree Family. 
 [ 9. Oak Family. 
 
 II. Endogenous. 
 
 Spadhcotts. 
 
 I 2. Petaloideons. 
 
 1. Cycas. 
 
 2. Pine. 
 
 1. Palm Family. 
 
 2. Pondweed Family. 
 
 3. Duckweed Family. 
 
 4. Cat-tail Family. 
 
 5. Arum Family. 
 
 S 1. Water-plantain Family, 
 I 2. Yam Family. 
 
62 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 Petaloideous. 
 
 II. Endogenous. 
 
 6 
 
 7- 
 8. 
 
 9- 
 io. 
 1 1. 
 
 12. 
 
 13- 
 U- 
 '5- 
 1 6. 
 
 17- 
 iS. 
 
 19- 
 
 20. 
 
 v- 
 
 X Glumaceous. - 2. 
 
 3. Frog's-bit Family. 
 
 4. Orchis Family. 
 
 5. Ginger Family. 
 Arrowroot Family. 
 Banana Family. 
 Iris Family. 
 Pineapple Family. 
 Amaryllis Family. 
 Pickerel-weed Family. 
 Lily (Trillium) Family. 
 Spiderwort Family. 
 Smilax Famiiy. 
 Rush Family. 
 Arrow-grass Family. 
 Yellow-eyed Grass Family. 
 Pipewort Family. 
 Tillandsia, Pineapple Family. 
 Lily Family. 
 
 Rush Family. 
 
 Sedge Family. 
 
 Grass Family. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— CRYPTOGAMOUS (FLOWLRLESS). 
 
 I. Horse-tail. 
 
 II. Fern. 
 
 III. Club-moss. 
 
 CHAPTER III.— PARTS OF PLANTS. 
 
 I. Leaves. 
 
 1. Parts, 
 
 I 3- 
 
 i 4 ' 
 I 5- 
 16. 
 
 2. / 'citation. 
 
 Margin. 
 
 Blade. 
 
 Petiole. 
 
 Stipules. 
 
 Sheath. 
 
 Ligule. 
 
 Color. 
 
 I :. Veinlets. 
 
 J 2. Vein. 
 
 ! 3. Midrib. 
 
 I 4. Feather-vein. 
 
 I 5. Palmate. 
 
 Entire. 
 
 Serrate. 
 
 Dentate. 
 
 Crenate. 
 
 Repand. 
 
 3- 
 
 Is- 
 
 \ I. 
 
 / 2. 
 
 Coarsely. 
 
 Finely. 
 
BOTANY 
 
 63 
 
 4. Base. 
 
 I. Leaves. 
 
 f 1 . Cordate. 
 
 Auriculate. 
 
 Hastate. 
 
 Sagittate. 
 
 Oblique. 
 
 Tapering. 
 
 Clasping. 
 
 Connate. 
 I 9. Decurrent. 
 I 1. Acute. 
 
 2. Acuminate. 
 
 3. Obtuse 
 
 4. Truncate. 
 
 5. Apices. ] 5. Retuse. 
 
 6. Obcordate. 
 
 7. Emarginate. 
 
 8. Mucronate. 
 
 9. Cuspidate. 
 Acute. I 1 
 
 6. Lobes. -' 2. Sub-acute. 2 
 / 3. Sinuses. ■ 3 
 
 ( 1. Sessile. 4 
 
 J 2. Stipulate. 5 
 3. Petiolate. 
 Exstipulate 
 
 R uncinate. 
 Bipinnatifid. 
 Pedate. 
 j 4. Curled. 
 
 5. Peltate. 
 I 6. Kidney-shaped 
 I 7. Lyrate. 
 f 1. Round. 
 I 2. Half round. 
 I 3. Long. 
 [4. Short. 
 
 s 
 
 7, Kinds 
 
 8. Forms. 
 
 9. Petiole. 
 
 4- 
 
 Open. 
 
 Shut. 
 
 Sharp. 
 
 Deep. 
 
 Broad. 
 
 S 1. Simple. 
 ( 2. Compound. 
 
 10. Surface. 
 
 1 1 . Color 
 
 Light. 
 Dark. 
 
 Spotted. 
 Striped. 
 
 1. Hairy. 
 
 2. Glabrous. 
 
 3. Smooth. 
 
 4. Rough. 
 
 13- 
 
 Simple leaves. 
 Compound leaves. 
 
 Shiny. 
 
 6. Dull.' 
 
 1. Leaflet. 
 
 2. Petiolule. 
 
 3. Stipules. 
 
 4. Rachis. 
 
 5. Pinnate. 
 
 6. Digitate. 
 
 fi- 
 
 Free. 
 
 Adnate. 
 
 Prickly. 
 
 Ochreate. 
 
 Abrupt. 
 
 Unequally. 
 
 Cirrose. 
 
 1. Three-fingered. 
 
 2. Five-fingered. 
 
 3. Seven-fingered. 
 
 s 
 
 1 3'. 
 
6 4 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 II. Stem. 
 
 Parts of stems. 
 
 w 
 
 \ 
 
 Appendages 
 
 Position of leaves on stem 
 
 Node. 
 
 Internode. 
 / 3. Axil of leaf. 
 Terminal bud. 
 
 2. Axillary. 
 
 3. Branch. 
 
 \ 1. 
 
 Arrangement of leaves on stem 
 1 
 
 5. Shape of si, m. 
 
 19 
 
 6. Altitude of stem. 
 
 7. Color of stem. 
 
 8. Surface of stem. 
 
 9. Size of stem. 
 
 Stem leaves. 
 Radical leaves. 
 i 1. Alternate. 
 < 2. Opposite. 
 Round. ( 3. Whorled. 
 
 2. Compressed. 
 
 3. Half round. 
 
 4. Fluted. 
 
 5. Acute angled. 
 
 6. Triangular. 
 
 7. Square. 
 
 8. Five-sided. 
 Four-angled. 
 
 1. Erect. 
 
 2. Drooping. 
 
 3. Creeping. 
 I 4. Trailing. 
 
 I 5. Climbing. 
 [ 6. Twining. 
 
 1. Spotted. 
 
 2. Striped. 
 
 3. Light. 
 
 4. Dark. 
 
 5. Green. 
 
 6. Variegated. 
 
 1. Smooth. 
 
 2. Shining. 
 
 3. Hairy. 
 
 4. Glabrous. 
 
 5. Rough. 
 
 6. Dull'. 
 High. 
 Low. 
 Slender. 
 Thick. 
 
 10. Structure of stem. 
 
 Hollow. 
 Solid. 
 Woody. 
 Herbaceous. 
 
 III. Inflorescence. 
 
 1. Kinds. 
 
 2. Parts. 
 
 ( 1. Solitary. 
 
 S 1 
 
 U 
 
 Clustered. 
 
 Peduncle. 
 
 Bracts. 
 
 Involucre. 
 
 Pedicel. 
 
 Terminal. 
 Axillary. 
 \ 1. Terminal. 
 ( 2. Axillary. 
 
BOTANY. 
 
 65 
 
 2. Parts. 
 
 3. Altitudi 
 
 s\ 
 
 III. Inflorescence. 
 
 3 
 1 4. J 'aricties. \ 4 
 
 I 5 
 
 I 6 
 7 
 
 f 1. /^rfr. 
 
 2. Calyx. 
 
 IV. The flower. ; 3. Corolla. 
 
 \ 5. Rachis. 
 ) 6. Receptacle. 
 
 Erect. 
 
 Bending. 
 
 Pendulous. 
 
 Spike. 
 
 Spadix. 
 
 Catkin. 
 
 Raceme. 
 
 Glomerule. 
 
 Corymb. 
 
 Umbel. 
 [ 1. Receptacle. 
 
 2. Calyx. 
 
 3. Corolla. 
 
 4. Perianth. 
 Stamens. 
 Pistil. 
 Sepal. 
 
 Polysepalous. 
 Gamosepalous. 
 Regular. s x Ljmb- 
 
 Petals - \ 2. Claw. 
 Polypetalous. 
 Gamopetalous. 
 Regular. 
 
 6. 
 
 I 5. Irregular. 
 _ . J7 I 1. Regular. 
 Perianth, j 2 Irregu]ar . 
 
 ( 1. Filament. 
 ) 2. Anther, 
 f 3. Pollen. 
 ( 1. Ovary. 
 
 5. Stamens. 
 
 V. Root. 
 
 Tap root 
 
 \ 
 
 2. Fibrous root 
 
 Pistil. \ 2. Style. 
 I 3- Stigma. 
 Conical. 
 Fusiform. 
 Napiform. 
 ( 1. Moniliform. 
 - 2. Fasciculated. 
 / 3. Tubercular. 
 \ 1. Embryo 
 
 VI. Seed. i. Parts. 
 
 VII. Woody plants. 
 
 J! 
 
 Body 
 
 Seed coat 
 Nucleus 
 
 Tree. 
 Bush. 
 
 Shrub. 
 Vine. 
 
 ) 2. Albumen. 
 
 1. Head. 
 
 2. Trunk. 
 
 ( 1. Cotyledon. 
 < 2. Radical. 
 ( 3. Plumule. 
 
 1. Stock. 
 
 2. Bark. 
 
 3. Wood. 
 
 4. Pith. 
 
SECTION XII. 
 
 ZOOLOGY. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— INVERTEBRATES. 
 
 I. Protozo \. 
 
 i . Gregarinidce. 
 
 Rhizopoda. 
 
 Infusoria. 
 
 !. Monera. 
 :. Amoebea. 
 5. Foraminifera. 
 (.. Radiolaria. 
 ;. Spongida. 
 Ciliata. 
 Flagellata. 
 Suctoria. 
 
 II. CCELENTERA I A. 
 
 _ 3. Actinozoa. 
 
 I; 
 
 III. Annuloida. 
 
 1. Echinodermata. 
 
 IV. Annulosa. 
 
 1 1. Hydroida. 
 
 1. Hydrozoa. ■ 2. Corynida. 
 
 ( 3. Sertularida. 
 
 1. Calycophoridae. 
 I 2. Physophoridae. 
 
 2. Siphonopkora. \ 3. Lucernarida. 
 
 I 4. Pelagidae. 
 
 I 5. Rhizostomidae. 
 
 Zoantharia. 
 
 Alcyonaria. 
 
 k Itenophora. 
 
 1. Crinoidea (Feather-stars). 
 
 2. Ophiuroidea (Sand-stars). 
 
 3. Asteroida (Star-fishes). 
 
 4. Echinoidea ( Sea-urchins 1. 
 
 5. Holothuroidea (Sea-cucum- 
 bers). 
 
 1. Taeniada (Tape-worms). 
 
 2. Trematoda 1 Flukes). 
 
 3. Turbellaria (Ribbon-worms). 
 
 4. Acahthocephala (Thorn -headed 
 worms). 
 
 5. Gordiacea (Hair-worms). 
 
 6. Nematoda (Round-worms). 
 
 7. Rotifera (Wheel-animalcules). 
 
 1. Ccphyrea. | 1. Hirudinea (Leeches). 
 2. Oligochaeta (Earth- 
 worms). 
 
 2. Annelida, j 3. Tub i c ol a (T u b e- 
 worms.) 
 
 4. Err a ntia (Sand- 
 worms). 
 
 2. Scolccida, 
 
 . Anarthro- 
 poda. 
 
ZOOLOGY 
 
 6 7 
 
 ' 2. Arthropoda. 
 
 3. Arachnida. 
 
 IV. Annulosa. I 4 . Myriapoda 
 
 5. Insect a. 
 
 Crustacea. 
 
 Rhizocephala. 
 
 Ichthyophthira. 
 
 Cirripedia. 
 
 Phyllopoda. 
 
 Amphipoda. 
 
 / 
 
 7. Decapoda. 
 
 I 1 
 
 V. Mollusca. i. Molluscoida. 
 
 Podosomata. 
 
 2. Pedipalpi. 
 
 3. Araneida. 
 
 1. Chilopoda. 
 
 2. Chilognatha. 
 
 3. Pauropoda. 
 Anoplura. 
 Mallophaga. 
 Thysanura. 
 Hemiptera. 
 Orthoptera. 
 Neuroptera. 
 Aphaniptera. 
 Diptera. 
 Lepidoptera. 
 Hymenoptera. 
 Strepsiptera. 
 Coleoptera. 
 
 1 1. Polyzoa. 
 
 2. Tunicata. 
 
 3. Brachiopoda. 
 
 4. Lamellibranchiata. 
 
 5. Gasteropoda. 
 
 6. Pteropoda. 
 
 7. Cephalopoda. 
 
 I. Pisces. 
 
 II. Amphibia. 
 
 III. Reptilia. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— VERTEBRATES. 
 
 1. Pharytfgftbranchii. 
 
 2. Marsipobranchii. 
 
 3. Teleostei. 
 
 4. Ganoidei. 
 
 5.' Elasmobranchii. 
 6. Depnoi. 
 
 I 1. Labyrinthodontia. (Extinct.) 
 
 2. Opbromorpha. 
 
 3. Urodela. 
 
 4. Anoura. 
 
 1. Chelonia (Tortoises). 
 
 2. Ophidia (Snakes). 
 
 3. Lacertilia (Lizards). 
 
 4. Crocodilia (Crocodiles). 
 
68 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 ~> 
 
 III. Reptilia. 
 
 f 5. Ichthyopterygia. 
 
 I 6. Sauropterygia. 
 
 \ 7. Pterosauria. 
 
 I 8. Anomodontia. 
 
 1. Natatores (Swimmers). 
 
 Grattatores (Waders). 
 
 3. Cur sores (Runners). 
 
 4. Rasores (Scratchers). 
 
 IV. Aves. 
 
 5. Scansores (Climbers). 
 
 6. Insessores (Perchers). 
 
 3- 
 
 I 4- 
 
 \$- 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 
 7. Raptorcs (Birds of prey) 
 
 Extinct. 
 
 1. Penguins. 
 
 2. Gulls. 
 
 3. Ducks. 
 
 4. Geese. 
 
 5. Flamingoes, etc. 
 f 1. Water-hens, 
 j 2. Cranes. 
 
 Herons. 
 
 Storks. 
 
 Snipes. 
 
 Woodcock. 
 
 Plovers. 
 
 Curlews, etc. 
 
 1. Ostrich. 
 
 2. Emeu. 
 
 3. Cassowary, etc. 
 
 1. Grouse. 
 
 2. Ptarmigan. 
 
 3. Partridges. 
 
 4. Pheasants. 
 
 5. Turkey. 
 
 6. Guinea fowl. 
 
 7. Domestic fowl. 
 
 8. Pea fowl. 
 
 9. Doves. 
 
 10. Pigeons, etc. 
 
 1. Cuckoos. 
 
 2. Woodpeckers. 
 Parrots. 
 Cockatoos. 
 Parrakeets. 
 Toucans. 
 Trogons, etc. 
 
 1. Crows. 
 
 2. Magpies. 
 
 3. Jays. 
 
 4. Starlings. 
 
 5. Grosbeaks. 
 
 6. Larks. 
 
 7. Thrushes. 
 
 8. Orioles. 
 
 9. Wrens. 
 10. Martins. 
 
 f 1. Owls. 
 
 I 2. Hawks. 
 
 •J 3. Falcons. 
 
 I 4. Eagles. 
 
 [ 5. Vultures, etc. 
 
ZOOLOGY. 
 
 69 
 
 IV. Aves. 8. Oscincs (Singers). 
 
 1. Robins. 
 
 2. Humming-birds. 
 
 3. Lark. 
 
 V. Mammalia. 
 
 1. Monotremata. 
 
 Marsupialia (Pouched) 
 
 3. Edentata (Toothless). \ 
 
 Swallow. 
 Sparrow. 
 Bluebird, etc. 
 
 1. Duck moles. 
 
 2. Ant-eaters. 
 ( 1. Kangaroos. 
 < 2. Phalangers. 
 ( 3. Tasmanian devil 
 Sloths. 
 Armadillos. 
 Hairy Ant-eaters. 
 Scaly Ant-eaters. 
 
 4. Sircnia. 
 
 5. Cetacca. 
 
 Manatus. 
 Dugong. 
 
 Whalebone whale. 
 Sperm whale. 
 Dolphins. 
 Porpoises. 
 
 6. Ungulata (Hoofed) 
 
 Hyracoidea. 
 Probascidea. 
 
 Hyrax. 
 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 8. 
 
 9- 
 10. 
 1 1. 
 12. 
 
 *3- 
 
 14- 
 
 '5- 
 16. 
 
 17- 
 18. 
 
 Rhinoceros. 
 
 Horse. 
 
 Ass. 
 
 Zebra. 
 
 Hippopotamus. 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 Peccaries. 
 
 Camels. 
 
 Llama. 
 
 Giraffe. 
 
 Stags. 
 
 Elk. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Reindeer. 
 
 Antelopes. 
 
 Oxen. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 Bison, etc. 
 
 Elephants, f 1 
 
 [9. Carnivora (Flesh-eaters). 
 
 Seals. 
 Bears. 
 Raccoons. 
 Badgers. 
 Weasels. 
 Otters. 
 Civets. 
 Dogs. 
 Wolves. 
 Foxes. 
 Hyena. 
 Cat. 
 Lynx. 
 [ 14. Tigers, etc. 
 
 4- 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 8. 
 
 9- 
 10. 
 1 1. 
 12. 
 ■3 
 
70 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 V. Mammalia. 
 
 io. Rodentia (Gnawers). 
 
 i. Rabbits. 
 
 2. Hares. 
 
 3. Porcupines. 
 
 4. Beavers. 
 
 5. Mice. 
 
 6. Rats. 
 
 7. Squirrels. 
 
 8. Dormice, etc. 
 f 1. Bats. 
 
 . .. • ,, ,-,w- n I 2. Vampire bats. 
 
 11. LhieroMcra ( \\ inQ-ed). - u ' , , . 
 
 1 3- Horse-shoe bats. 
 
 [ 4. Flying squirrels, etc. 
 T .. J 1. Shrew-mice. 
 
 12. Insectzvora.^ Hedgehog. 
 
 f 1. Spider Monkeys. 
 
 13. Quadrumana (Four- | 2. Baboons, 
 handed). | 3. Ourang-Outang. 
 
 14. Bimana (Man). \\. Chimpanzee, etc. 
 
SECTION XIII. 
 
 PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— THE SKELETON. 
 
 I. The bones. 
 
 i . Number of Bones. 
 2. Uses of the Bones. 
 
 i, 
 
 To protect delicate organs. 
 a ^. Act as levers. 
 
 3. Composition of Bones. ( 3. Preserve the shape of body. 
 
 4. Structure of Bones. 
 
 5. Growth of Bones. 
 
 6. Repair of Bones. 
 
 7. foints. 
 
 8. Classification of 
 Bones. 
 
 1. Head. 
 
 10. Lower Limbs. 
 
 \ 1. The Skull. 
 \ 2. The Face. 
 
 2. Trunk. 
 
 1. Spine. 
 
 Ribs. 
 
 Number 
 
 Bones. 
 
 Curvature. 
 
 Skull artic 
 
 ulate. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Uses. 
 
 of 
 
 9. Upper Limbs. ■> 2. Arm 
 
 f 1. Shoulder. 
 
 I 3 
 .4 
 
 11. Diseases of the Bones. 
 
 3. Hip Bones 
 
 1. Clavicle. 
 
 2. Scapula. 
 Humerus. 
 Ulna. 
 Radius. 
 
 . Carpus. 
 
 3. Hand. \ L Metacarpal. 
 ^ J I 2. Phalanges. 
 
 r 1. The Hip. — 1. Femur. 
 ^ 1. Patella. 
 The Knee. -| 2. Tibia. 
 ( 3. Fibula. 
 f 1 . Tarsus. 
 
 2. Metatarsus. 
 
 3. Phalanges. 
 I 4. Deformities. 
 
 f 1. Rickets. 
 
 2. Felon. 
 
 I 3. Bow-legs, 
 
 i 4. Curvature of Spine. 
 
 5. Sprains. 
 
 6. Dislocation. 
 _ 7. Fracture. 
 
 Pelvis. 
 Sacrum. 
 
 3. The Foot. 
 
72 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— THE MUSCLES. 
 
 S i. Voluntary. 
 / 2. Involuntary. 
 
 I. Their number. 
 
 II. Their use. 
 
 III. Their ARRANGEMENT 
 
 IV. Their kinds. 
 
 V. Their .structure. 
 
 VI. Tendons. 
 
 VII. AS LEVERS OF THE BODY. 
 
 VIII. Attached at the joints. 
 
 IX. They enable us to stand erect. 
 
 X. Muscular sense. 
 
 XI. Exercise necessary. 
 
 XII. Time to exercise. 
 
 XIII. Kinds of exercise. 
 
 XIV. Diseases of the muscles 
 
 M- 
 
 St. Vitus's Dance 
 
 1 2. 
 
 Convulsions. 
 
 1 3- 
 
 Locked-jaw. 
 
 s. ! 4 . 
 
 Gout. 
 
 I 5- 
 
 Rheumatism. 
 
 6. 
 
 ( ranglion. 
 
 7- 
 
 Lumbago. 
 
 CHAPTER III.— THE INTEGUMENT, OR SKIN. 
 
 I. Tilt; STRUCTURE OF THE SklX 
 
 II. The use of the skin. 
 
 III. Effect on complexion. 
 
 IV. Appendages of the skin. 
 
 V. The glands of the skin. • :. 
 
 VI. Bathing necessary. 
 
 VII. Diseases of the skin. 
 
 I 
 
 The Hair. 
 The Nails. 
 The Mucous Membrane. 
 
 I i. The milk te 
 
 4. The Teeth. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 I 5- 
 The Oil Glands. I 6. 
 7'/v Perspiratory. 
 
 Absorbing properties. 
 
 Reaction. 
 
 Sea bathing. 
 
 L lothing. 
 
 Erysipelas. 
 
 Dropsy. 
 
 Corns. 
 
 Worts. 
 
 t 'hilblains. 
 
 th. 
 
 The permanent. 
 The structure. 
 Their positions. 
 Their decaj . 
 Their preservation. 
 i. Perspiration. 
 
 6. Deformities of nails. 
 
PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 73 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— RESPIRATION. 
 
 I. Organs of respiration. 
 
 II. Respiration. 
 
 HI. Modifications of the breath 
 
 IV. Capacity of lungs. 
 
 V. Necessity of air. 
 
 VI. Action of air. 
 
 VII. Rebreathing. 
 
 VIII. Ventilation. 
 
 IX. Diseases of lungs. 
 
 i. Trachea. 
 
 z. Bronchial tubes. 
 
 3. Lungs. 
 
 4. Pleura. 
 
 | 5. Cillia. 
 \ 1. Inspiration. 
 ) 2. Expiration. 
 
 f 1. Sighing. 
 
 I 2. Sneezing. 
 
 I 3. Coughing. 
 
 4. Snoring. 
 
 5. Laughing. 
 
 6. Crying. 
 
 7. Hiccough. 
 . 8. Yawning. 
 
 I 1. Constriction of the Lungs. 
 
 I 2. Bronchitis. 
 
 I 3. Pleurisy. 
 
 j 4. Pneumonia. 
 
 '] 5. Consumption. 
 
 I 6. Asphyxia. 
 
 i 7. Diphtheria. 
 
 I 8. Croup. 
 
 CHAPTER V.— THE VOICE. 
 
 ( 1. Lungs. 
 I Organs of voice. ) 2. Glottis. 
 
 II. Vocal cords. ( 3. Epiglottis. 
 
 III. Tones of the voice. 
 
 IV. Speech. 
 
 CHAPTER VI.— CIRCULATION. 
 
 I. Organs 
 
 TION. 
 
 OF CIRCULA- 
 
 The Heart. 
 
 The Arteru 
 J r eins. 
 Capillaries. 
 
 1. Movements, 
 
 2. Auricles. 
 
 3. Ventricles. 
 
 51- 
 
 I 4. Valves 
 
 .- S l 
 
 \ I. Diastole. 
 ( 2. Systole. 
 
 Tricuspid. 
 Bicuspid. 
 
 / 3. Semi-lunar. 
 Arterial system. 
 The Pulse. 
 
74 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 II. The uses of blood. 
 
 III. Transfusion of blood. 
 
 IV. Coagulation. 
 
 V. Lesser circulation. 
 
 VI. Greater circulation. 
 
 VII. Velocity of the blood. 
 
 VIII. Diffusion of heat by the blood. 
 
 IX. Change of tissue. 
 
 X. The vital organs. , Lvmnh 
 
 XI. LYMPHATIC CIRCULATION. ] ^ tj^ ' of Lymphatics . 
 
 } 
 
 XII. Diseases of blood. 
 
 I 4- 
 I 5- 
 16. 
 
 Congestion. 
 
 Inflammation. 
 
 Bleeding. 
 
 Scrofula. 
 
 Colds. 
 
 Catarrh. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. -FOOD. 
 
 \ i. The earth. 
 I. SOURCES OF FOOD, j 2 Thg atmosphere . 
 
 II. Organic food. 
 
 i. Albumen. 
 ... . . , I 2. Fibrin. 
 i '■ Albuminoids , Glutin 
 I 2. Fats and Oils. \ ^ Casdn 
 
 i i. Sugar. 
 
 [ 3. Sugars. 2. Starch. 
 
 / 3. Gums. 
 
 1. Water. 
 
 2. Sa//. 
 
 3. Lime. 
 
 4. 7ro«. 
 
 5. .SWrt. 
 
 6. Potash. 
 
 7. Magnesia. 
 
 1. Spices. 
 
 2. Flavors. 
 
 3. 7>a. 
 
 4. G#<v. 
 
 5. Acids. 
 ( 1 . For waste and repair. 
 
 V. Proper food necessary. *] 2. For hunger and thirst. 
 
 (3. In quantity. 
 
 ,„ ,, \ 1. Cooked. 
 
 VI. Mixed food. j 2 Raw ,,_ Milk 
 
 ! 2 Eijsfs 
 
 VII. Kinds of food. i. Animal. -\ ' M *' ats 
 
 [ 4. Fish. 
 
 III. Inorganic food. 
 
 IV. Stimulants. 
 
PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 75 
 
 VII. Kinds of food. 2. Vegetable. 
 
 Bread. 
 Potato. 
 Fruit. 
 Alcohol. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII.— DIGESTION. 
 
 I. Necessary for assimilation of food. 
 
 II. Manner of digestion. 
 
 1. Saliva. 
 
 2. Swallowing - . 
 S I. The Stomach. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Mastication. 
 Gastric digestion. 
 
 Intestinal digestion. 
 , Absorption. 
 
 Gastric Juice. 
 ;. Bile. 
 
 2. Pancreatic Juice. 
 
 3. Small Intestines. 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 VII. The nature of digestion. 
 
 VIII. The time required. 
 
 IX. Cooking food aids the digestion 
 
 X. Rapid eating retards digestion. 
 
 XI. Amount of food taken. 
 
 XII. Time it should be taken. 
 
 XIII. Manner of eating. 
 
 XIV. Food should be changed. 
 S 1. Dyspepsia. 
 \ 2. Mumps. 
 
 XV. Diseases. 
 
 CHAPTER IX.— THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
 
 I. The brain. 
 
 II. The cerebrum. 
 
 III. The cerebellum. 
 
 IV. The spinal cord. 
 
 V. The transfer of pain by the nerves. 
 
 VI. Spinal nerves. 
 
 1. Olfactory. 
 
 2. Optic. 
 
 3. Motores oculi. 
 
 4. Tri-facial. 
 
 5. Facial. 
 
 6. Auditory. 
 
 7. Glos-so pha-ryngeal. 
 
 8. Pneumogastric. 
 
 9. Accessory. 
 10. Hypoglossal. 
 
 VII. Cranial nerves. 
 
76 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 Ylll. Sympathetic system. 
 
 i. Crossing cords. 
 
 2. Reflection. 
 
 3. Brain exercise. 
 
 4. Sleep. 
 
 5. Alcoholic effects. 
 
 <>. Sunlight necessary. 
 
 I 1 
 
 Excitement. 
 M u s c u 1 a r 
 weakness. 
 Mental weak- 
 ness. 
 
 CHAPTER X.— SPECIAL SENSES. 
 
 I. The touch. 
 
 II. The taste. 
 
 III. The smell 
 
 \ \. 
 
 \ 1. 
 
 \ 1. 
 
 IV. Tin: 111. IRING. 
 
 I se of Touch. 
 
 I )elicacy of Touch. 
 
 Location of the Taste 
 
 I'm s of the Taste. 
 
 Nostrils. 
 
 Necessity of Smell, t 
 
 1 1. The Ear. 
 
 ■ 2. Sound It '. ■ . 
 
 ( 3. Care of the Ear. 
 
 \ 1. Eyelids 
 
 1 1. External. 
 
 ' 2. Middle. 
 
 / 3. Internal. 
 
 V. The eyes, or sense of sight. 
 
 2. Tears. 
 
 3. The Retina. 
 
 4. I low we see. 
 
 5. War Sight. 
 
 6. Far Sight. 
 
 7. Care of the Eyes. 
 
 \ 8. The protection of the Eyes. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. — HEALTH AND DISEASE. 
 
 I. Nature of dise \si . 
 
 II. How to preven 1 disease. 
 
 III. How TO cure disease. 
 
 IV. Death. 
 Y. Decay. 
 
SECTION XIV. 
 
 NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— MATTER. 
 
 I. I 
 
 mponderable. 
 Ponderable. 
 
 \ i. Solid. 
 
 t 2. Fluid. 
 
 BO-DIES, \ K S J m ^J e - , 
 I 2. Lompound. 
 
 Aeriform. 
 Liquid. 
 
 I\* PROPERTIES OF MATTER. 
 
 r. Universal. 
 
 2. Accessory. 
 
 < i. Gases. 
 ( 2. VaporS. 
 I. Extension. 
 
 ! 2 Figure. 
 
 3. Impenetrability. 
 
 4. Indestructibility. 
 
 5. Inertia. 
 
 6. Divisibility. 
 
 7. Porosity. V- ? enSky 
 
 ' -12. Rarity. 
 
 8. Compressibility. 
 
 9. Expansibility. 
 
 10. .Mobility. 
 
 11. Gravitation. 
 
 Cohesion. 
 
 Adhesion. 
 
 Hardness. 
 
 Tenacity. 
 
 Elasticity. 
 
 Brittleness. 
 
 Malleability. 
 
 Ductility. 
 
 2. 
 3- 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 
 6. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— MECHANICS. 
 
 1. Rest. 
 
 I. Force. ■! 
 
 I 2. Motion. 
 
 1. 
 
 3- 
 
 Uniform. 
 
 Accelerated. 
 
 Retarded. 
 
 \ 1. Absolute. 
 \ 2. Relative. 
 
 1. Absolute. 
 
 2. Relative. 
 
 3. Velocity. ( 
 
 4. Kinds. 
 
 5. Momentum. / 
 
 6. Striking force. 
 
 7. Centrifugal force. 
 
 8. Simple motion. 
 
 9. Resultant motion. 
 10. Reflected. 
 n. Action and reaction. 
 12. Laws of motion. (See over.) 
 
7 
 
 3 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 isl Law. — A body at rest remains at rest; a body in motion moves in a 
 
 straight line with uniform velocity, unless acted upon by some external force. 
 
 id Law. — A given force always produces the same effect, whether the 
 
 body upon which it acts is in motion or at rest ; whether it is acted upon by 
 
 that force alone or by others at the same time. 
 
 yt Law. — Reaction is always equal to action, and opposite to it in di- 
 rection. 
 
 f I. Direction. [ i. Weight above the earth's surface. 
 At different parts of the surface. 
 
 f All objects weigh most at the 
 
 2. Weight. 
 
 II. Gravity. 
 
 Laws of Gravity. 
 
 4. Falling Bodies 
 
 surface of the earth. Ascend- 
 ing from the surface, their 
 weight diminishes as the square 
 ! 3. Law. \ of their distance from the cen- 
 tre increases ; descending tow- 
 ards the centre, their weight 
 diminishes as their distance 
 from the surface increases. 
 The force of gravity increases as 
 the amount of matter increases. 
 The force of gravity decreases as 
 the square of the distance increases. 
 Gravity gives a falling body 
 a certain velocity in the 
 first second of its descent ; 
 and still forcing it down- 
 ward, it increases that ve- 
 locity in the following sec- 
 onds till it reaches the 
 ( earth. 
 Bodies thrown downward. 
 Parachute. 
 
 1. Law. 
 
 I 3 ' 
 1 4. 
 
 Ascending bodies. 
 
 5. Projectiles. 
 
 I 6. Pendulum. 
 
 The force by 
 w h i c h it was 
 thrown. 
 
 Gravity. 
 
 Resistance of the 
 air. 
 
 j 1. Forces acting upon | 
 projectiles. I 2. 
 
 2. Path of projectiles. | 3. 
 I 3. Random. 
 [4. Gunnery. 
 i 1. Application to clock-work. 
 -, 2. Gridiron Pendulum. 
 ( 3. Laws of Pendulum : 
 1st Law of Pendulum, or Vibration.— The vibrations of a given pendu- 
 lum are performed in very nearly the same time, whether it moves through 
 longer or shorter space. 
 
 2d Law. — The vibrations of pendulums of different lengths are performed 
 in different times ; and their lengths are proportioned to the squares of their 
 times of vibration. 
 
 yl Law. — The vibrations of the same pendulum are not performed in 
 the same time at all parts of the earth's surface ; but, being caused by grav- 
 ity, differ slightly, like gravity, according to the distance from the earth's 
 centre. 
 
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 79 
 
 [ J. Centre of Gravity. 
 
 II. Gravity. 
 
 8. Motive Power. 
 
 { i. How found. 
 
 | 2. Stability of bodies. 
 
 \ 3. Effect of Rotary motion. 
 
 4. Centre of gravity in man. 
 
 5. Equilibrium. 
 
 1. Gravity. 
 
 2. Springs. 
 
 3. Strength of man. 
 1. Wind. 
 
 9. Resistance 
 
 U 
 
 J 5. Water. 
 [ 6. Steam. 
 Units of work. 
 Horse-power. 
 Friction. 
 
 III. Machines. 
 
 Perpetual motion. 
 Law of machines. 
 
 1. Levers 
 class. 
 
 2. Levers 
 class. 
 
 [ 3. Levers of the third class 
 
 2. Wheel-and-axle. 
 
 1. Sliding. 
 
 2. Rolling. 
 ( 3. Modes of lessening. 
 
 What a machine gains in 
 
 amount of work, it loses in 
 
 time ; and what it gains in 
 
 time, it loses in amount of 
 
 { work. 
 
 3. Advantages of using machinery. 
 
 I 1. Lever. (See below.) 
 I 2. Wheel-and-Axle. (See below.) 
 I 3. Pulley. (See over.) 
 Mechanical ■ 4. Inclined Plane. (See over.) 
 powers. 5. The Wedge. (See over.) 
 
 6. The Screw. (See over.) 
 
 7. Wheel-work. (See over.) 
 ' With levers of the first kind, inten- 
 sity of force is gained, and time 
 is lost, in proportion as the dis- 
 tance between the power and the 
 fulcrum exceeds the distance be- 
 tween the weight and fulcrum. 
 
 Balance. 
 
 Steelyards. 
 
 Bent levers. 
 
 Compound levers. 
 
 f With levers of the second class, intensity 
 
 of the second ) of force is gained and time lost, in pro- 
 < portion as the distance between the 
 power and the fulcrum exceeds the dis- 
 tance between the weight and fulcrum. 
 With levers of the third class, intensity of 
 force is lost, and time gained, in pro- 
 portion as the distance from the weight 
 to the fulcrum exceeds the distance 
 from the power to the fulcrum. 
 
 With the wheel-and-axle, intensity 
 of force is gained, and time lost, 
 Law. in proportion as the circumfer- 
 
 ence of the wheel exceeds that of 
 the axle. 
 
 of the first 
 
 1 Law. 
 
8o 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Wheel-and-axle. 2. Different forms 
 I 1. Fixed. 
 I 2. Movable 
 1 3. White's. 
 
 I 4. Law. 
 
 \ 1. 
 
 Capstan. 
 Windlass. 
 
 Pulley. 
 
 I 4. Inclined plane. 
 
 I With movable pulleys, a power will bal- 
 I ance a weight as many times greater 
 than itself as twice the number of mov- 
 able pulleys employed. 
 Bodies rolling down a plane. 
 
 1 With an inclined plane, intensity of 
 force is gained, and time lost, in 
 proportion as its length exceeds its 
 heieht. 
 
 2. Law 
 
 f 1 
 
 5. The wedge. 
 
 6. The screw. 
 
 7. Wheel-work. 
 
 . First kind of wedge. 
 
 id kind of wedge. 
 . Advantages of wedge. 
 . Law of Wedge. 
 The Convex. 
 The Concave. 
 Advantages of the screw 
 Hunter's Screw. 
 Endless Screw. 
 
 With 
 
 the 
 
 the easier 
 
 trate. 
 
 a given thickness, 
 
 longer the wedge, 
 
 it will pene- 
 
 I i- 
 
 I 
 5- 
 
 16. 
 
 Friction. 
 Bands. 
 
 Teeth. 
 
 c 
 
 Spur. 
 
 Crown. 
 Bevel. 
 
 IV. Hydrostatics. - 
 
 Modes of connection. 
 
 Rack and Pin. 
 
 Forge Hammer. 
 
 Cranks. 
 
 Fly-wheels. 
 
 Clocks and Watches. 
 
 1. Nature of liquids. 
 
 2. Law. — Water always, at rest, finds its level 
 x. Artesian wells, 
 
 \ 1. 
 2. 
 
 Clock-work. 
 Watch-work. 
 
 4. sp> - 
 
 5. Locks. 
 6: Spirit Levels. 
 7. Pressure of liq 
 
 i/iu's. - Laws : 
 
 8. 
 
 9- 
 10. 
 1 1. 
 1 2. 
 
 Liquids, subjected to pres- 
 sure, transmit it undimin- 
 ished in all directions. 
 Liquids, influenced by 
 gravity alone, press in all 
 directions. 
 
 The pressure of liquids in 
 every direction is propor- 
 tioned to their depth. 
 
 Hydrostatic Paradox. 
 
 Hydrostatic Belli m >s. 
 
 Hydrostatic Press. 
 
 Specific Lira-city of Liquids. — Hydrometer. 
 
 Specific Gravity of Solids. 
 
 Specific Gravity of Liases. 
 1. 
 
 14. Capillary Attraction. 
 
 Cause. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Laws. (See below. | 
 
 Floating bodies 
 
 Endosmose. 
 
 6. Exosmose. 
 
 1st Law of Capillary Attraction. 
 heiehts in tubes of the same size. 
 
 Different liquids rise to different 
 
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 8l 
 
 2d Law. — The same liquid always rises to the same height in a tube of 
 given size, and this height is proportioned to the fineness of the bore. 
 
 i i. Velocity. 
 | i. Flowing through orifices. < 2. Course. 
 
 f 3. Volume. 
 J 2. Flowing ///rough / 
 V. Hydraulics. •', pipes and streams, \ 
 
 Rivers. 
 
 I 1. Ebb. 
 
 / 2. Flow, 
 
 { 3. Water- Wheels. 
 
 \ 1. Waves. 
 I 2. Tides. 
 
 1. Propulsion of Boats 
 
 2. Machines for raising water 
 
 3. Archimedes' Screw. 
 
 4. Chain Pump. 
 
 5. Hydraulic Ram. 
 
 CHAPTER III.- PNEUMATICS. 
 
 1. Elastic fluids. 
 
 1 1. Vacuums 
 . Properties. 
 
 S 1. Gases. 
 I 2. Vapor. 
 
 II. Air. 
 
 4- 
 
 Compressible. 
 
 Elastic. 
 
 It has weight. 
 
 Mariotte's law. 
 
 w 
 
 Atmospheric pressure. — Barometer. -, 
 De?isity of air at different levels. 
 i~o- , r 7 j ■ S !■ Rarefies. 
 
 Effect of heat on air. } 2 galloons. 
 
 ( 1. Single-barrelled. 
 Air Pump. J 2. Double-barrelled. 
 Condenser. ( 3. Experiments. 
 I. Siphon. 
 
 { The greater the pressure to 
 which the fluids are sub- 
 jected, the less space they 
 occupy and the greater 
 their density. 
 \ 1. Tube. 
 Wheel. 
 
 III. Pneumatic machines. 
 
 2. Tantalus' s Cup. 
 
 3. Lifting Pump. 
 \ 4. Forcing Pump. 
 I 5. Fire Engines. 
 
 I 6. Centrifugal Pump. 
 [ 7. Stomach Pump. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— PYRONOMICS. 
 
 I. Nature of heat. 
 
 II. Sources of heat. 
 
 ( 1. 
 
 I 3- 
 
 [4. 
 
 Sensible. 
 Latent. 
 The Sun. 
 Mechanical action 
 
 Chemical action. 
 Electricity. 
 
 \ 1. By friction. 
 
 I 2. By percussion. 
 \ 1. Combustion. 
 ) 2. Animal heat. 
 
85 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 ill. Diffusion of heat 
 
 By Con- 
 duction. 
 
 Good Conductors. — Solids. 
 
 | i. Porous bodies. 
 
 2. Fibrous bodies. 
 
 3. Liquids. 
 
 4. Gases. 
 
 5. Vapors, 
 power of Solids. 
 
 Bad Con- 
 ductors. 
 
 Conducting 
 
 IV. Effects 
 
 of HEAT. 
 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 4- 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 By Convection. 
 
 3 
 
 4. Conducting- power of Liquids 
 
 5. Conducting power of Gases. 
 
 6. Conducting power of Vapors. 
 
 3- 
 
 By Radia- 
 tion. 
 
 1. Law, 
 
 Expansion. 
 Liquefaction. 
 I 'aporization. 
 Condensation. 
 Incandescence. 
 Specific heat. 
 
 7. Steam. 
 
 Radiant heat dimin- 
 ishes in intensity 
 as the square of 
 the distance from 
 the radiating 
 body increases. 
 Reflection. 
 
 Absorption of Radiant heat. 
 Transmission of heat. 
 Of Solids. 
 ( )f Liquids. 
 Of Gases. 
 ( >f Vapors. 
 
 Thermometer. 
 Differential. 
 Pyrometer. 
 I 1. Generation of steam. 
 2. Condensation. 
 
 1. Hero's Engine. 
 
 2. De Garay's Engine. 
 
 3. De Cause & Pranca's. 
 
 4. Papin's. j 1. Boiler. 
 
 5. Watt's. I 2. Safety-valve. 
 (I. Hieh 
 
 li- 
 te 
 
 5. Steam- 
 Enerines. 
 
 3. Kinds. 
 
 i 2 
 
 Pressure. 
 Low 
 Pressure. 
 
 ^4. Uses of 
 
 6. Newcomen's. 
 
 1 1. Stationary. 
 
 Engines. I 2. 
 3- 
 
 Marine. 
 Locomotive. 
 
 CHAPTER V.— OPTICS. 
 
 I. Nature of light. 
 
 Bays. 
 Production. 
 
 Transmission of\ 
 hght. I " 
 
 The Media. 
 
 S 1. Self-luminous bodies, 
 j 2. Non-luminous bodies. 
 
 Transparent bodies. 
 
 Translucent bodies. 
 
 Opaque bodies. 
 
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 83 
 
 II. Sources of light. 
 
 III. Propagation 
 of LIGHT. 
 
 iV, 
 
 V. Reflection and 
 
 FLECT1NG SURFACES 
 
 RE- 
 
 2. Law of reflection. 
 
 3. Images. 
 
 4. Reflection from 
 Mirrors. 
 
 ( 1 . Sun and Stars. 
 i 2. Chemical Action. 
 [ 3. Mechanical Action, 
 
 4. Electricity. 
 I 5. Phosphorescence. 
 Light radiates from every point of a luminous sur- 
 face in every direction. 
 
 In a uniform medium, light is propagated in 
 straight lines. 
 Velocity. 
 I 4. Law of intensity. — The intensity of light diminishes 
 according to the square of the distance from the lu- 
 I minous body that produces it. 1 1. Plane. 
 Shadows. — Penumbra. | 1. Mirrors. < 2. Concave. 
 
 ( 3. Convex. 
 I The angle of reflec- 
 J tion is equal to 
 J the angle of inci- 
 dence. 
 r. From Plane. 
 
 2. Kaleidoscope. 
 
 3. Concave Mirrors. 
 [ 4. Convex Mirrors. 
 
 By Atmosphere. — Mirage, f 1. Double Concave. 
 
 I 2. Piano-Concave. 
 By Prisms and Lenses. 
 — 1. Classes of Lenses: 
 By Convex Lenses. 
 I 4. By Concave Lenses. 
 J 5. By Multiplying Glass. 
 ( 6. Double Refraction. 
 1st Law of Refraction. — In a uniform medium, there is no refraction. It 
 is only on passing from one medium to another, that a ray is turned from 
 its course. 
 
 id Law. — Only such rays as enter a medium obliquely are refracted, — not 
 such as enter at right angles. 
 
 yl Law. — When a ray passes obliquely from a rarer to a denser me- 
 dium, it is refracted towards a line perpendicular to the surface. 
 
 4th Law. — When a ray passes from a denser, into a rarer medium, it is 
 refracted from the perpendicular. 
 VII. Polarization of light. 
 
 r 1. Solar Spectrum. 
 
 2. Difference of color. 
 
 3. Complementary colors. 
 
 4. Properties of the Spectrum. 
 
 5. Dark lines in the Spectrum. 
 
 6. Dispersion of Light. 
 
 7. Achromatic Lenses. 
 
 8. Rainbow. f 1. Cornea. 
 I 9. Haloes. 2. Iris. 
 
 The Eye. — Parts of eye. \ 3. Pupil. 
 
 I 4. Aqueous matter. 
 [ 5. Crystalline lens. 
 
 VI. Refraction 
 
 LIGHT. 
 
 OF 
 
 3. Double Convex. 
 
 4. Piano-Convex. 
 
 5. Concavo-Convex. 
 
 6. Meniscus. 
 
 VIII. Chromatics. 
 
 IX. Vision. 
 
84 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 ( 6. Vitreous matter. 
 | 7. Retina. 
 1 The Eve \ "' ^ arts °f e y e - ! 8. Choroid Coat. 
 / 2. Uses. 9. Sclerotic Coat. 
 
 I 2. Defects of vision. [10. Optic Nerve. 
 
 IX. VISION. - Images formed on Retina. 
 I 4. / 'isua! angle. 
 I 5. Adaptation of the eye. 
 
 I 1. Camera Obscura. 1 1 Single. 
 2. Microscope. 2. Compound. 
 
 ... / 3. Solar Microscopes. 
 
 \. Optical instruments. y , Phantasmagoria^ 
 
 1. Masrti Lantern. ... , . & . 
 
 i ' -• i>issol\-ing views, 
 
 -7- , , \ 1 . Refracting; 
 
 . 4- 1 t'USi ones. \ ,, j • 
 ^ y / 2. Reflecting. 
 
 CHAPTER VI.— ACOUSTICS. 
 
 I. Nature of sound. 
 
 I I. ( 'KM. IN OF S< >UND. 
 
 III. Transmission ok sound. 
 1\'. Vei oci ry of sound. 
 
 V. Distance transmitted. 
 
 VI. Acoustic ruBES. ! '■ Speaking Trumpet. 
 
 / 2. Stethoscope. 
 
 VII". Interferenci OF SOUND. 1 i. Echoes. 
 
 VIII. Reflection of sound. • 2. Ear Trumpets. 
 
 I 3. Whispering- Galleries, 
 y i. Loudi 
 
 IX. Musical sounds. - 2. Pitch. 
 
 I 3. Quality. ^ 1. Pianos. 
 
 1. S ring :'. 2. Harps. 
 
 X. Musical instru- | '* Violins etc. 
 
 MENTS. , ... , \ '" 2l g3n - 
 
 \ i. Kinds. 2. I lute. 
 [2. Wind. I 3. Fife. etc. 
 
 XI. GAMUT. (2. Manner of producing sound. 
 
 XII. Harmony. | i. Vocal Organs. 
 
 XIII. Human voice, "" Vocal Chords. 
 
 3. \ entnloquism. 
 
 4. Stammering. 
 
 XIV. The voice of inferior animals. 
 
 ^ 1. Outer Ear. 
 
 XV. Human ear. • 2. Inner Ear. 
 
 ( 3. Drum. 
 
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 85 
 
 CHAPTER VII.— ELECTRICITY. 
 
 I. Sources of electricity 
 
 I I. Developed by Friction. 
 ,' 2. Developed by Chemical A( tion. 
 ] 3. Developed by Magnetism. 
 I 4. Developed by Heat. 
 
 II. Attraction and repulsion. 
 
 III. Nature of electricity. 
 •IV. Conduction. — Insulators. 
 
 V. Path OF the CURRENT. 11. Cylinder machine. 
 
 VI. Velocity of electricity. | 2. Plate. 
 
 VII. Electrical machines. | 3. Insulating Stool. 
 
 4. Leyden Jar. 
 
 5. Battery. 
 
 VIII. Mechanical effect of the passage of electricity. 
 
 IX. Ignition by the electric spark. 
 
 X. Electrophorous. 
 XL Electroscopes. 
 
 XII. Electrometers. 
 
 XIII. Electrical induction. 
 
 XIV. Electricity from steam. 
 
 XV. Atmospheric electricity. 
 
 XVI. Voltaic electricity. 
 
 XVII. Galvani's the- 
 ory. 
 
 XVIII. Volta's theory. 
 
 XIX. Galvanic batter- 
 ies. 
 
 XX. Thermo-Electric- 
 
 ITY. 
 
 C 1. Origin. 
 
 \ 2. St. Elmo's fire. 
 
 3. Fire Halls, i 1. Effects of lightning. 
 I 4. Lightning. - 2. Lightning Rods. 
 
 1. Dry Piles. ( 3. Thunder. 
 
 2. Quantity and Intensity. 
 
 3. Theory of 1 lie Battery. 
 
 4. Difference between Frictional and Voltaic 
 Electricity. \ 1. Decomposition. 
 
 I 2. Protection of metals. 
 
 5. Effect of Voltaic. ! 3. Luminous and Heat- 
 
 1. How produced. I ing. 
 
 2. Batteries. [4. Physiological. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII.— MAGNETISM. 
 
 S\ 
 
 I. Natural magnets. - 
 
 II. Artificial magnets. 
 
 Poles. 
 
 Power. 
 
 3. Armature. 
 
 1. Magnetic needles 
 
 2. Poles. 
 | 1 
 
 III. Properties of the magnet. 
 
 Attraction. 
 I 2. Polarity. 
 
 3. Magnetic variation. 
 I 4. Magnetic Dip. 
 I 5. Compass. 
 
 IV. Law of attraction. 
 
 ( Magnetic attraction decreases in intensity as 
 ■; the square of the distance from the magnet 
 
 square 
 
 increases 
 
86 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 VIII. The produc- 
 tion OF ARTIFI- 
 CIAL MAGNETS. 
 
 Magnets in needles. 
 In Horseshoes. 
 In Bars. 
 With currents. 
 
 V. Law OF POLARITY. — Like poles of magnets repel each other, and 
 unlike poles attract each other. 
 
 VI. Theory of magnetism. 
 
 VII. Terrestrial magnetism.— Magnetic intensity. 
 i. By Induction. 
 
 2. By the Sun's rays. I I. 
 
 3. By Contact with a Mag- \ 2. 
 net. ' ] 3. 
 
 4. By Electric currents. \ 4. 
 
 1. Effect of electrical currents. 
 
 2. Connection between electricity and magnet- 
 ism. 
 
 3. Electro-magnetic rotation. 
 
 4. Effect of electric currents upon Steel and 
 Soft Iron. 11. Magnetizing power of the 
 
 5. The Helix. 1 Helix. 
 ( 2. Electro-magnets. 
 
 6. Electro-magnetism as a power. 
 
 IX. Electro-mag- 
 netism. 
 
 7. Electro-magnetic telegraph. - 
 
 8. Electro-magnetic clocks. 
 
 9. Electro-magnetic Eire Alarms. 
 { 10. The Helix a magnet. 
 
 X. Electricity. — Magnets. 
 
 XI. Diamagni: i'ism. 
 
 Morse's. 
 House & 
 Bain's. 
 Submarine. 
 
 CHAPTER IX.— ASTRONOMY. 
 
 I. Fundamental facts 
 
 II. The 
 
 TEM. 
 
 SOLAR SYS- 
 
 r I. The Sun. 
 
 1. Space is filled with worlds, etc. 
 
 2. These are divided into systems. 
 
 3. The Stars are Suns. 
 
 4. Some have satellites. 
 
 5. The Earth is a planet. 
 [ 1. Solar spots. 
 
 2. Constitution of the sun. 
 
 3. Motions of the sun. 
 [ 4. The Zodiacal light. 
 
 1 1. The Orbits of the Planets. 
 
 2. The Planets. < 2. Bode's Law. 
 
 ( 3. Kepler's Laws : 
 
 1st Law. — The Orbits of the planets are ellipses 
 having one focus in common, and in this com- 
 mon the sun is situated. 
 
 2d Law. — The radius Vector of a planet passes 
 over equal areas in equal times. 
 
 3d Law. — The squares of the planet's times of 
 revolution around the sun, are proportioned to 
 the cubes of their distances from the sun. 
 
 2 77 • PI 7 ! ^" ^ fc a ' anc * a PP arent motions of 
 ' | planets. 
 
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY 
 
 87 
 
 5. The Aspect of the 
 
 Planets. 
 
 -S I 
 
 K 
 
 6. The Planets 
 themselves. 
 
 Fixed Stars. 
 
 Galaxy. 
 
 Nebula. 
 
 Quadrature. 
 
 Conjunction. 
 Opposition. 
 Transits. 
 Occultation. 
 1 
 
 1. Mercury 
 
 2. Venus. 
 
 \. The Earth. ' J 
 
 Its Motions. 
 
 Its Orbit. 
 
 Horizon, Zenith and Nadir. 
 
 4. Eclipse. 
 
 5. Zodiac. 
 
 6. Change of Seasons. 
 
 
 Size. 
 
 Motions. 
 
 Phases. 
 
 4. The Moon 
 
 5. Mars. 
 
 6. The Asteroids. 
 
 7. Jupiter. 
 
 8. Saturn. 
 
 9. Uranus. 
 
 10. Neptune. 
 
 11. Real and apparent po- 
 sition of these Heavenly 
 
 Bodies. , r\c c 
 
 ) I. Of Sun. 
 
 12. Eclipses. < 
 
 . Effect of Re- 
 fraction. 
 
 . Effects of Par- 
 allax. 
 
 13. Comets. 
 
 Magnitudes. 
 Constellations. 
 Distances from the earth. 
 
 Of Moon. 
 Constitutions. 
 Orbits. 
 Velocity. 
 
 Number. 
 
 CHAPTER X.— METEOROLOGY. 
 
 I. The wind. 
 
 5i. 
 
 Velocity. 
 Kinds. 
 
 II. Atmospheric moisture. •! J ' 
 
 1 4- 
 
 5- 
 
 6. 
 
 Constant. 
 Periodical 
 Variable. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 L loitds. ' 
 
 Dew. 
 
 Rain. 
 Snow. 
 Hail. 
 
 1. Hurricanes. 
 
 2. Tornadoes. 
 
 3. Waterspouts. 
 
 Nimbus. 
 Cumulus. 
 Cirrus. 
 Stratus. 
 
SECTION XV. 
 
 MENTAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— EMPIRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 I. The attainment of facts. 
 
 II. Final rule for disputed facts. 
 
 III. Classification 
 
 OF FACTS. 
 
 The general facts 
 of the mind. 
 
 Fix the attention upon a fact. 
 
 Compare facts. 
 
 Analyze Complex facts. 
 
 I i . Facts must come within Con- 
 
 ( sciousness. 
 
 "l 2. The decision must be general. 
 
 ( 3. It must be unbiassed. 
 
 1. The existence of the 
 mind. 
 
 2. This existence not ideal. 
 
 3. The conscious identity 
 through change. 
 
 4. The mind self-active. 
 
 5. Discriminates itself from 
 its objects. 
 
 Sensation. 
 Consciousness. 
 
 1. 
 
 
 
 1. Intellectu- 
 
 ( Original facts 
 of the mind. 
 
 3. Capacity for 
 knowing, feel- 
 
 al state. 
 2. Emotional 
 
 
 ing and will- 
 
 state. 
 
 
 . ing- 
 
 3. Willing 
 
 state. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— INTELLECT. 
 
 \ 1. 
 
 I. Sense. 
 
 ^ I. External. -. 
 
 ( 2. Internal. — Fancy. 
 ' 1. Memory. 
 
 Observation. 
 
 Attention. 
 
 II. Understanding. 
 
 2. Conception. 
 
 3. Association. 
 
 4. Abstraction. 
 
 5. Refection. 
 
 6. Judgment. 
 
 Analytical. 
 
 Synthetical. 
 
 Categorical. 
 
 Hypothetical. 
 
 Disjunctive. 
 
MENTAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 8 9 
 
 II. Understanding 
 
 III. Reason. 
 
 f r- 
 
 I 2. 
 
 1 3- 
 
 14- 
 
 i 1. Major Premises. 
 
 7. Deductive. < 2. Minor Premises. 
 f 3. Conclusion. 
 
 ( 1. Minor Premises. 
 
 8. Inductive. -] 2. Major Premises. 
 
 ( 3. Conclusion. 
 ( 9. Imagination. 
 Modifies sense and understanding. 
 Comprehends nature by the Supernatural. 
 Attains its own ideal of perfection. 
 Inspires Fancy and Imagination. 
 
 CHAPTER III.— SUSCEPTIBILITY. 
 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 
 ' 1 
 
 . Instinct. 
 
 
 
 
 2. Appetite. 
 
 
 
 Animal. • 
 
 3. Natural affections. 
 
 4. Selfishness. 
 
 5. Disinterestedness. 
 
 
 
 
 I. ^Esthetic Emotions. 
 
 
 
 
 2. Scientific Emotions. 
 
 
 
 Rational. < 
 
 3. Ethical Emotions. 
 
 4. Conscience. 
 
 
 
 
 5. Theistic Emotions. 
 
 
 | 1. Ethical. 
 
 
 1. The process by which indu 
 
 red. 
 
 | 2. Religious. 
 
 
 2. Distinctions in spiritual st 
 
 at inn 
 
 ;//. \ 3. Christian. 
 
 . Spiritual. ■ 
 
 
 
 1 4. Sentimen t s 
 ( of Love. 
 
 
 
 
 L 3. Union of responsibility 101 
 
 t/i spiritual sentiment. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— THE WILL. 
 
 I. Complete conceptions 
 of capacity for will- 
 ing. 
 
 Different Con- 
 ceptions. 
 
 What are complete 
 conceptions 0/ the 
 will. 
 
 Capacity for prefer- 
 ence. 
 
 Capacity to choose 
 what is agreeable. 
 
 Power of self-deter- 
 mination. 
 
 Power to choose hap- 
 piness. 
 
 Will is purely spon- 
 taneous. 
 
 " 1. An act of the will 
 must have its end. 
 
 2. Must have an al- 
 ternate kind. 
 
 3. Must be an end 
 in the Reason. 
 
9° 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 II. Exercise of capac- 
 ity FOR WILLING. 
 
 III. Discrimination 
 
 ACTS OF THE WILL. 
 
 IV. Classifications 
 
 ACTS OF THE WILL. 
 
 I i. Conscious responsibility. 
 
 I 2. Distinction between Brute and Human will. 
 
 3. Man discriminates //is own. 
 
 1 4. Reciprocal complacency stands in liberty. 
 
 5. Power to resist constitutional nature. 
 
 i c T ,. ., j ,. ■ \ I. Individual. 
 
 16. Individual tonsciousnesss. < 
 
 of I 2. 
 
 [I 
 
 OF 1 ' 
 
 From Spontaneity. 
 
 From impulse of Appetite. 
 
 From Desire. 
 
 From Spiritual Affections. 
 
 Immanent preference. 
 
 For governing purposes. 
 
 For desultory volitions. 
 
 \ 2. Universal. 
 
 CHAPTER V.— THE MIND CAN ATTAIN ITS END. 
 
 I. Conception of causality. 
 
 I 
 II. True Conceptions of cause 
 
 III. Classification of causes 
 
 IV. Grounds of certainty. 
 
 ( 1. Occasional causes. 
 I 2. Sufficient reasons. 
 I 3. Habitual repetition. 
 ] 4. Invariable succession. 
 5. Causality only regulates conceptions 
 in our minds. 
 
 1. Simple succession. 
 
 2. Qualified cause. 
 
 3. Mechanical cause. 
 
 4. Physical cause. 
 
 5. Vital cause. 
 
 6. Spontaneous cause. 
 ) 1. Chance. 
 \ 2. Fate. 
 
 I 1. Individual necessity. 
 I 2. Absolute necessity. 
 ] 3. Physical necessity. 
 
 4. Hypothetical necessity. 
 
 1. Negative. 
 
 Positive. 
 Possible. 
 
 V. Natural inability. 
 
 VI. The mind an agent. 
 
 VII. Competenc y \ 
 OF the mind 
 
 I 4. Applications oj certainty. 
 I 1. Absolute necessity. 
 I 2. Physical necessity. 
 J 3. Hypothetical necessity. 
 
 4. Strong desire. 
 
 5. Balanced desires. 
 
 1 1. Man as an animal agent. 
 
 ! 2. Man as a rational agent. 
 
 j 3. Combination of rational and animal. 
 
 I 4. Objections to liberty of Will. 
 
 ... , i 1. Capable of determining law. 
 
 Natural com- \ 2 _ Ca | jable of obeying , a £ 
 
 P L ( 3. When wrong can change. 
 
 ' 2. J [oral competency. 
 
SECTION XVI. 
 
 CHEMISTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER I— LIQUID AND AERIFORM MATTER. 
 
 I. Water. 
 
 I. Hydrogen 
 
 f 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 J 5 
 
 6 
 
 2. Oxygen. 
 
 I 2. 
 
 I 3- 
 
 !4. 
 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 
 9 
 
 :v?/Vr. or 
 
 . Common 
 
 •water as commonly 
 found. 
 
 Colorless. 
 
 Transparent. 
 
 Tasteless. 
 
 Inodorous. 
 
 Weighty. 
 
 Compressible. 
 
 Inflammable. 
 
 Has Heat. 
 
 Explosive. 
 Colorless. 
 Transparent. 
 Tasteless. 
 Inodorous. 
 Has Weight. 
 Inflammable. 
 
 Promotes the burning of other bodies, 
 i. It is impure. 
 
 2. It dissolves other substances 
 
 3. It dissolves Air. 
 
 4. It dissolves Gases. 
 I 1 
 
 5. Impure water. -\ 
 
 I 
 
 I. Nitrogen. 
 
 Rain water. 
 
 Spring water. 
 
 River water. 
 I 4. Mineral water. 
 By Distillation. 
 By Refrigeration. 
 
 II. The atmosphere. 
 
 To purify * 1 
 water. \ 2 
 
 { 1. Colorless. 
 j 2. Tasteless. 
 i 3. Inodorous. 
 j 4. Weighty. 
 
 5. Harmless. 
 
 6. Its absence causes death 
 2. Water 7'apo)\ 
 
 ( 1. Colorless. 
 j 2. Weighty. 
 
 3. Will extinguish fire. 
 
 4. Will extinguish life. 
 
 5. It is soluble. 
 
 6. It is found in solution t 
 where. 
 
 7. Is in Soda Water. 
 
 3. Dioxide. 
 
9 2 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 II. The atmosphere. 
 
 xide. < 
 
 8. Is in Seltzer Water 
 3. Dioxide. ^'9. Is a compound 
 
 1. Oxygen. 
 
 2. Carbon. 
 
 \ of- 
 
 1. Colorless. 
 
 2. Transparent. 
 
 4. Oxygen. 3. Tasteless. 
 
 4. Inodorous. 
 
 5. Weighty, etc. (See page 91.) 
 
 I 1. Oxygen. 
 rj . . , r I 2. Nitrogen. 
 
 5. //wawMT/ter^Z-j 3 water Vapor. 
 
 [ 4. Dioxide. 
 
 6. Combustion. \ ' T • . ' 
 
 ( 2. Light. 
 
 I 1. Nitrogen. 
 -I. Inhalation.!^; wJgvapor. 
 
 4. Carbonic Dioxide. 
 1. Nitrogen. 
 
 7. Respi- 
 ration. 
 
 I 2. Exhalation. 
 I 3. Ventilation. 
 
 2. Oxygen. 
 
 3. Water Vapor. 
 
 4. Carbonic Diox- 
 ide. 
 
 5. Other offens i v e 
 impurities. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— PLANTS. 
 
 Composition. 
 
 . Nitrogen. 
 
 . Oxygen. 
 . Hydrogen 
 
 4. Carbon. 
 
 II. Growth of plants. 
 
 I. Substance of \ 
 plants. \ 
 
 1. Infusibility. 
 
 2. Insoluble. 
 
 3. Absorption. 
 
 4. Durability. 
 
 5. Combustible 
 
 6. Inflammable 
 
 7. Charcoal. 
 
 8. Graphite. 
 
 9. Diamonds. 
 C 1. Root. 
 
 2. Stem. 
 
 3. Leaves. 
 I 4. Necessary elements 
 
 \\- 
 
 5. F<?0</. 
 
 Carbon. 
 Hydrogen. 
 3. Oxygen. 
 { 4. Nitrogen. 
 \ 1. Liquid food. 
 I 2. Gaseous food. 
 6. Circulation of plants. 
 I 1. Tasteless. 
 I 2. Insoluble. 
 1. Cellulose. I 3. Is found in trunks of trees. 
 
 I 4. Is found in straw and stalks of 
 I grain. 
 
CHEMISTRY, 
 
 93 
 
 III. SOBSTANCE OF 
 
 PLANTS. 
 
 f i. Cellu'. 
 2. Starch, 
 gar. 
 
 4. G:i>?i. 
 
 5. Otis. 
 
 6. Chlorophyl. 
 
 . 9. Is Explosive. 
 
 IV. Decay of plant 
 
 V. Effect of heat , 
 
 OH WOOD. 
 
 c 5. Is found in the skin, seeds and 
 core of fruits. 
 
 !s found in the Bran of Corn and 
 Wheat. 
 ~. Is found in the framework of leaves. 
 8. Is Combustible. 
 
 \ 1. Gun Cotton. 
 / 2. Collodion. 
 ' 1. Peat. 
 
 j 2. Bituminous Coal. 
 Decomposition. -; 3. Anthracite Coal. 
 
 y 1. Naphtha. 
 4. Petroleum. -, 2. Kerosene. 
 
 1. Charcoal. I 3. Asphaltum. 
 
 2. Wood Tar. \ 1. Acetic Acid. 
 
 3. Pyroligncous Acid. ■ 2. Creosote. 
 
 ' 3. Wood-Spirit. 
 
 1. Marsh Gas. 
 
 2. Olehant Gas, 
 or fire-damp. 
 
 1. From Wood. 
 I 1. Ammonia. 
 I 2. Coal Tar. 
 I 3. Car b o 1 i c 
 
 2. From , Acid. 
 Coal. : 4. Benzole. 
 
 5. Xitro-Ben- 
 zole. 
 
 6. Analine. 
 
 4. Gases. ■ 
 
 3. Illuminat- 
 ing Gases. 
 
 CHAPTER III.— SOLIDS, ETC. 
 
 I. Marble. 
 
 \ 1. Carbonic Dioxide. 
 ', T ■ \ I- Oxveen. 
 I :. Calcium. 
 
 ' 1. Amethvst. 
 
 II. Sandstone. 
 
 III. Slate. 
 
 I ! 
 
 » 1. 
 '< 2. 
 
 Oxygen. 
 Silicon. 
 
 Silicia. 
 Alumina. 
 
 IV. Granite. \ 
 
 2. Opal. 
 
 3. Chrysoprase. 
 I 4. Jasper. 
 
 5. A gate. 
 
 6. Onyx. 
 
 7. Chalcedony. 
 L 8. Carnelian. 
 
 I 1. Oxygen. 
 / 2. Aluminum. 
 
 1. Silicon. 
 
 2. Aluminum. 
 
 3. Calcium. 
 
 4. Ox;, j 
 
 5. Potassium. — 1. Potash. 
 
 7. Magnesium. 
 
94 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 V. Soils. 
 
 i. Mineral. 
 2. Organic. 
 
 1. Silicia. 
 
 2. Lime. 
 
 3. Magnesia. 
 
 4. Potash. 
 
 5. Soda. 
 
 6. Oxide of iron. 
 
 7. Sulphuric acid. 
 
 8. Phosphoric acid. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— ELEMENTS. 
 
 I. Chlorine. 
 
 II. Bromine. 
 
 III. Iodine. 
 
 
 Has color. 
 Is odorous. 
 Has weight. 
 
 Is soluble. 
 
 It has attraction for Hydrogen. 
 
 It removes color. 
 
 It is a disinfectant. 
 8. // has attraction for metals. 
 \ 1. Lion id. 
 ( 2. Bromides. 
 
 1. Solid. 
 
 2. Soluble. 
 x. Iodides. 
 
 \ Mercuric-Iodide. 
 I Iodide. 
 
 IV. SULPHUR.— I. Si/lp/iides. 
 
 V. Phosphorous.— 1. Phosphates. 
 
 VI. Arsenic. 
 
 \ 1. 
 
 / 2. 
 
 Solid. 
 
 . Irsenous Oxide 
 
 VII. Iron. 
 
 VIII. Copper. 
 
 Ores. — 1. Magnetic. - 
 Hematite. 
 Carbonate of Iron. 
 Cast-Iron. 
 Malleable Iron. 
 Steel. 
 
 I 1. Copper Pyrites. 
 J 2. Malachite. 
 3. Smelting. 
 [ 4. Uses for Alloys. 
 
 Sulphide of Iron. 
 
 Galena. 
 
 Sulphurous Oxide. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 Sulphurous Acid. { 1. Color. 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen, j 2. Comb u s- 
 
 1 (. Calcic Phosphate. \ tibility. 
 
 • 2. Phosphoric Oxide. 3. For 
 
 ( 3. Phosphoric Acid. [ Matches. 
 
 [ 1. Colorless. 
 
 I 2. Soluble. 
 
 3. Tasteless. 
 
 4. Inodorous 
 
 5. Poisonous. 
 
 6. Arseniuretted Hydrogen. 
 Lodestone. 
 
 I i- 
 
 Carbon. 
 Silicon. 
 Phosphorous. 
 Sulphur. 
 
 1. Brass. 
 
 2. Bronze. 
 
 3. German Silver. 
 
CHEMISTRY. 
 
 95 
 
 IX. Zinc. 
 
 i. Blende. 
 
 2 . Red Oxide. 
 
 3. Smithsonite. ( 1. Color. 
 
 4. Properties. 
 
 2. Weight. 
 ( 3. Brittleness. 
 
 \ 1. Brilliant. 
 \ 2. Malleability. 
 S J. Pewter. 
 \ 2. Britannia. 
 
 1. Color. 
 
 2. Malleability. 
 
 3. Weight. 
 I 4. Poisonous. 
 
 -Type metal. 
 
 1-tt »«• ,n ( 1. Cinnabar. 
 
 XII. Mercury. (Hy- N Dt .. ..„ 
 v J < 2. Properties. 
 
 ( 2- Liquid metal. 
 
 X. Tin. 
 
 XI. Lead. 
 
 1. 7Y« Stone. 
 
 2. Properties. 
 
 3. Alloys. 
 
 Galena . 
 Properties. 
 
 3. Alloys.- 
 
 \\ 
 
 drargyrum.) 
 
 3- 
 
 XIII. Silver. 
 
 XIV. Gold. 
 
 \l 
 
 1. Sulphide. 
 
 2. Properties. 
 
 Color. 
 Weight. 
 
 3. Malleable. 
 
 4. £/.fr\?. 
 
 Color. 
 Weight. 
 C o m- 
 pounds. 
 
 The whitest metal. 
 .. Malleable. 
 ( 3. Ductile. 
 
 1 1 . Cor r o s i v e 
 ■ Sublimate, 
 f 2. Calomel. 
 
 S\ 
 
 CHAPTER V.— CHEMICAL ATTRACTION. 
 
 I. First Lata. — Every compound is always made up of the same elements, 
 and always of the same proportion, by weight, of the elements. 
 
 II. Second Law. — If one substance combines with another in more than 
 one proportion, these proportions are always multiples of the combining 
 weight. 
 
SECTION XVII. 
 
 GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT. 
 
 I. Rights of 
 
 PERSONS. 
 
 I. Absolute. 
 
 S 
 
 2. Relative. < 
 
 i. Public. 
 
 2. Private 
 
 II. Rights 
 
 THINGS. 
 
 OF 
 
 I. Real things 
 
 Personal 
 things. ) 
 
 Of personal security. 
 Of personal liberty. 
 Of private property. 
 
 i. To establish a government. 
 
 2. To share in the government. 
 
 3. To be protected by the gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 4. Of Aliens. 
 
 5. Of Citizens. 
 
 1. Master and Servant. 
 
 2. Husband and Wife. 
 
 3. Parent and Child. 
 
 4. Guardian and Ward. 
 
 1. Gained by Occu- 
 pancy. 
 
 2. Gained by Custom. 
 
 3. Gained by Succes- 
 sion. 
 
 4. Gained by Mar- 
 riage. 
 
 5. Gained by Judg- 
 ment. 
 
 6. Gained by Grant. 
 
 7. Gained by Con- 
 tract. 
 
 8. Gained by Testa- 
 ment. 
 
 9. Gained by Admin- 
 istration. 
 
 1. Kinds. 
 
 2. Tenures. 
 
 3. Estates. 
 
 4. Titles. 
 ( I. Their distribution. 
 
 - Property in them. 
 Title to them. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— KINDS OF GOVERNMENT. 
 
 I. Monarchical. 
 
 II. Aristocratic. 
 
 III. Democratic. 
 
 IV. Patriarchal. 
 
 1. Absolute. 
 
 2. Limited. 
 
 ) 3. Hereditary. 
 
 \ 4. Elee/ive. 
 
 \ 1. Democracy. 
 
 I 2. Republican. 
 
GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE. 
 
 97 
 
 CHAPTER III.— STATE GOVERNMENTS. 
 
 I. Constitution. • 
 
 Nature. 
 Convention. 
 Adoption. 
 Amendments. 
 The Value. 
 
 II. Electors. 
 
 III. Elections. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 
 Age. 
 
 Sex. 
 
 Residence. 
 Aliens. 
 Criminals. 
 Idiots. 
 Color. 
 i . When held. 
 
 2. Officers. 
 
 3. Voting. 
 
 4. Challenging. 
 
 5. Registration 
 
 6. Canvassing. 
 
 7. Plurality. 
 
 8. Majority. 
 
 I. Legislature. 
 
 1. Senate. 
 
 Legislature, 
 or Assembly. 
 
 How composed. 
 Qualifications of 
 members. 
 Terms. 
 Appointment. 
 5. Salary. 
 
 I 1. How composed. 
 
 2. Qualifications of 
 members. 
 
 3. Terms. 
 
 4. Appointment. 
 
 5. Census. 
 
 6. Vacancy. 
 
 7. Salary. 
 
 8. Privilege 
 members. 
 
 of 
 
 IV. Divisions of 2 . Meetings of ] 3. 
 GOVERNMENT. ' Legislature, j 4. 
 
 ' 5- 
 
 6. 
 
 3. Enacting laws. 
 
 I 
 
 Time. 
 
 Place. 
 
 Organization. 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Quorum. 
 
 Interruption. 
 
 1. Rules. 
 
 2. Governor's message. 
 
 3. Introduction of Bills. 
 
 4. Committees. 
 
 5. Bills, etc. 
 
 6. Readings. 
 
 7. Passage. 
 
 8. Concurrence of both Houses. 
 
 9. Veto. 
 
 10. Time of taking effect. 
 
 11. Different manners of becoming 
 
 V. State officers.— i. Governor. \ 2 " 
 
 law. 
 
 Qualifications. 
 Term of service. 
 
9 8 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 V. State officers. - 
 
 i. Executive Powers. 
 
 2. Legislative Powers. 
 
 3. Judicial Powers. 
 
 4. Appointing Power. 
 
 VI. County officers. 
 
 VII. Township officers. 
 
 1. Governor. 3. Powers. 
 
 2. Lieutenant-Governor. 
 
 3. Secretary of State. 
 
 4. State Comptroller. 
 
 5. State Treasurer. 
 
 6. Attorney-General. 
 
 7. Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 8. Surveyor-General. 
 
 9. Auditor-General. 
 
 0. State Printer. 
 
 1 . State Librarian. 
 
 \ 1 . Necessity for counties. 
 
 2. Corporations. 
 [ 3. Commissioners. 
 J 4. Treasurer. 
 
 5. Recorder, 
 
 6. Sheriff. 
 
 7. Coroner. 
 
 8. District-Attorney 
 
 9. Surveyor. 
 10. Superintendent of 
 
 Schools. 
 
 I 1. Chief officer 
 Treasurer. 
 Clerk. 
 Constables. 
 Supervisors. 
 School Directors. 
 Overseers of Poor 
 Assessors. 
 Collectors. 
 
 r 1. 
 
 2. 
 
 ! 3- 
 
 1 4- 
 
 Qualifications. 
 Manner of election. 
 Length of term. 
 Salary. 
 
 19- 
 
 r 1 . Necessity for Incorporating 
 
 VIII. Cities and towns. ; 2 . charter. 1. Citv 
 
 1 . 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 IX. Taxes. ■{ 4. 
 
 5- 
 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 
 X. Education. 
 
 [3. Officers 
 Necessity for. 
 Assessment. 
 Exonerations. 
 
 Apportionment. 
 Collection. 
 Tax sales. 
 Indirect taxes 
 
 Boro 
 
 U 
 
 Mayor. 
 Aldermen. 
 3. Councilmen. 
 Police. 
 Burgess. 
 Councilmen. 
 Minor officers. 
 
 \ 1. 
 
 I 2. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Customs. 
 
 1. Necessity for a system. 
 
 2. Object of the system. 
 
 3. Appropriation for schools. 
 
 4. Districts for schools. 
 
 5. Superintendent of schools. 
 
 6. Common schools. 
 
 7. Higher grades. 
 
GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE. 
 
 99 
 
 X. Education. 
 
 XI. Public insti- 
 tutions. 
 
 XII. Militia. 
 
 u- 
 
 ( 8. Academies. 
 
 v 9. Colleges. 
 
 ( 10. Normal schools 
 
 f 1 . Asylums. 
 
 I 2. Alms- Houses. 
 
 3. Hospitals 
 
 4. Prisons. 
 
 5. Railroads. I 
 [ 6. Canals. 
 
 1. Organization. 
 
 2. How composed. 
 
 3. Commanders. 
 j 4. Training of. 
 
 [ 5. Volunteers. 
 
 Jails. 
 
 Work-Houses. 
 
 Penitentiaries. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— JUDICIAL AND EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS 
 OF GOVERNMENT. 
 
 r 1. Necessity for. 
 
 2. Supreme. 
 
 3. Circuit. 
 
 4. Justices'. 
 
 5. Probate. 
 
 1. Courts. -\ 6- Chancery. 
 
 7. Common Pleas. 
 
 8. Quarter Sessions. 
 
 9. Police. 1 1. Whom. 
 
 2. Term. 
 
 3. Salary. 
 
 4. How appointed. 
 Impeachment. 
 Trial. 
 
 Ordinary proceedings. 
 Parties. 
 Summons. 
 
 2. Legal Pro- 6. Pleadings. 
 ceedings. \ 7. Jury. 
 
 8. Trial. 
 
 9. Verdict. 
 
 10. Judgment. 
 
 11. Appeal. 
 
 12. Execution. 
 
 I. Judicial. 
 
 Officers. 
 
 3. Criminal Proceedings 
 
 4. Other Proceedings. 
 
 S 1. Against Property. 
 ] 2. Against Persons. 
 
 1. Indictment. 
 
 2. Arrest and Bail. 
 
 3. Examination. 
 
 4. Habeas Corpus. 
 [5. Trial. 
 
 1. In Probate Courts. 
 
 2. In Special Courts. 
 
 3. In Equity Courts. 
 
 4. In Argument Courts. 
 
IOO 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 II. Executive. 
 
 i. Execute the laws. 
 
 2. Appoint Officers. 
 
 3. Pardon Criminals. 
 
 4. Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 CHAPTER V.— UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The Confed- 
 eration. 
 
 1. The Continental Congress. 
 
 2. Difficulties. 
 
 3. Taxes. 
 
 4. Duties. 
 
 5. Discord among the States. 
 
 6. Convention to amend. 
 
 Of 1786. 
 Of 1787. 
 
 7. Adoption of the Constitution. 
 First Division of Federal Government — Legislative. 
 
 fi 
 
 II. The Fed 
 
 ERAL GOV-i 
 ERNMENT. 
 
 Consti- 
 tution. 
 
 1. Preamble. 
 
 2. Division in- 
 to Houses. 
 
 House of 
 Represen- 
 tatives. 
 
 2. Senate 
 
 3. Congress in gen- 
 eral. 
 
 Members. 
 Qua 1 i fi c a- 
 tions. 
 Number. 
 Apportion- 
 ment. 
 Salary. 
 Freedom 
 from arrest. 
 Character. 
 Number of 
 members. 
 Qualifications. 
 Election. 
 Term. 
 Salary. 
 Officers. 
 Impeachment. 
 Meetings. 
 Rules. 
 
 Liberty of speech. 
 Bills. 
 Veto. 
 
 2. Powers to tax. 
 
 Regulation 
 
 Commerce. 
 
 1. Necessity for taxing. 
 
 2. Manner of taxing. 
 
 3. Object of taxing. 
 
 4. Uniform system. 
 
 5. Can borrow money. 
 I 1. Nature of regulation. 
 
 of ) i. Protection. 
 
 ] 3. Collection of Duties. 
 
 [ 4. Registry of Vessels. 
 
GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE. 
 
 IOI 
 
 3 
 
 II. The Fed- 
 eral Gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 Regulation 
 Comnu 
 
 U: 
 
 Powers relating 
 to Peace. 
 
 I 
 
 fi 
 
 ing to War. 
 
 \ 5. Clearance and Equity 
 of 6. Navigation Laws. 
 Among the States. 
 Among the Indians. 
 r. To naturalize Aliens. 
 
 2. To pass Bankrupt Laws. 
 
 3. To coin Money. 
 
 4. To regulate Weights and Meas- 
 ures. 
 
 5. To establish Post-Offices. 
 
 6. To prote c t ) T „_ . 
 Inventors and' 1 " Jp Patents. 
 Authors. \ 2 - Copyrights. 
 
 7. To establish courts. 
 
 8. To punish Piracy. 
 
 9. To punish offences against the 
 laws of nations. 
 
 10. Rights over the District of Co- 
 lumbia. 
 To declare war. 
 
 To grant Letters of Marque, etc. 
 5. Powers re I at- | 3. Powers over captures. 
 
 4. Powers to raise and maintain an 
 Army and Navy. 
 
 5. To call out the militia. 
 f 1. As to Taxes. 
 
 2. As to Commerce. 
 
 3. Suspension of Ha- 
 beas Corpus. 
 
 4. Bills of Attainder. 
 
 5. Ex post Facto laws. 
 
 6. Titles of Nobility. 
 
 7. Can't pay money un- 
 less appropriated. 
 
 8. Officers can't wear ti- 
 tles of honor from for- 
 eign nations. 
 
 f 1. As to Taxes. 
 
 2. As to forming agree- 
 ments with other States 
 and nations. 
 
 3. As to War. 
 
 4. As to Money. 
 
 5. As to Bills of Attain- 
 der. 
 
 6. As to Ex post Facto 
 laws. 
 
 7. As to impair contracts. 
 
 8. As to titles of nobil- 
 I it)'- 
 
 6. Constitution a I 
 Prohibitions. 
 
 On the 
 
 United- 
 
 States. 
 
 2. On the 
 
 States. 
 
102 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 Second Division of Federal Government— Executive. 
 
 fi. 
 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 5- 
 
 Qualifications. 
 
 Manner of election. 
 Length of term. 
 Vacancy. 
 
 \ i. By Electors. 
 ) 2. By the House. 
 
 I. The President. 
 
 Salary. ' i. Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 2. To grant Reprieves and Pardons. 
 
 3. To form Treaties. 
 
 4. To appoint Ministers. 
 
 5. To appoint Consuls. 
 
 6. To appoint Judges. 
 
 6. Powers. 7. To appoint other Officers. 
 
 8. To fill Vacancies. 
 
 9. To remove Officers. 
 
 10. To convene Congress. 
 
 11. To receive foreign Ministers. 
 
 12. To execute the laws. 
 
 13. To deliver an Annual Message. 
 
 1. Secretary of State. 
 
 2. Secretary of Treasury. 
 
 3. Secretary of Interior. 
 
 7. His Cabinet, j 4. Secretary of War. 
 
 5. Secretary of Navy. 
 
 6. Attorney -General. 
 
 7. Postmaster-General. 
 
 I. Courts. 
 
 II. Crimes. 
 
 Third Division of Federal Government— Judicial. 
 
 ,, , \ 1. Number. 
 
 1. Supreme. j ,_ Jurisdiction . 
 
 .. \ 1. Number. 
 
 2. Circuit, j 2 j urisd i ct i on . 
 
 „ . . . , \ 1. Number. 
 I 3- District. t 2 j ur i s diction. 
 
 4. Court of Claims Tenure of Office. 
 
 ■^.Judges of Courts.^ Salaty _ 
 
 f 1. Cases arising under Constitution and 
 6. Jurisdiction J Treaties. 
 
 in general. 1 2. Cases affecting Foreigners. 
 
 { 3. Cases between different States. 
 ' 1. Treason. 
 
 2. Punishment. 
 
 3. Piracy. 
 
 4. Perjury. 
 
 5. Counterfeiting. 
 
 6. Forgery. 
 
 7. Mail robbery. 
 
 8. Slave holding. 
 
 y. Intimidating persons from exercising their Civil and Po- 
 litical rights. 
 
GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE. 
 
 IO- 
 
 f i. Privileges of Citizens. 
 IV. Miscellaneous provisions! 2 " Pertainin § to Fugitive Criminals. 
 
 of the Constitution. 
 
 3. Relating to new States. 
 
 4. Relating to Territories. 
 I 5. State Protection. 
 
 V. Supremacy of the national law, oath of allegiance, and 
 
 TEST OATH. 
 
 [ i. Freedom of Re'igion. 
 {Art. I. Constitution- \ 2. Freedom of Speech. 
 al Amendments. j 3. Freedom of Press. 
 [4. Right of Petition. 
 Art. //. Right to keep arms. 
 Art. III. Quartering of Soldiers. 
 Art. IV. Search Warrants. 
 Art. I', and VI. Criminal Proceedings. 
 Art. I'll. Trial by Jury. 
 Art. VIII. Excessive punishment. 
 Art. IX. Rights, of people, not named. 
 Art. X. Powers reserved to States. 
 Art. XI. Suits against States. 
 Art. XII. Election of President and Vice-Pres- 
 ident. 
 Art. XIII. Abolition of Slavery. 
 
 1. Apportionment of Representa- 
 
 VI. Constitutio n a l 
 
 AMENDMENTS. 
 
 Art. XIV. 
 
 tives. 
 
 2. Political Disabilities. 
 
 3. Public Debt. 
 
 4. Powers of Congress. 
 
 5. Civil Rights. 
 
 k Art. X V. Right of suffrage for frecdmen. 
 
 CHAPTER VI.— PRINCIPLES OF LAW. 
 First. Municipal Law. 
 
 i 1. Personal security. \ l - Slander. 
 
 f 1 . Absolute. - 2. Personal liberty. 
 
 I. Civil rights. 
 
 3. Private property. 
 
 ( 1. Duties of Parents. 
 
 \ 1 Public I 2 - R '.? hts of Parents. 
 [ 2. Relative. < 2 Private J 3- Rights of Children. 
 
 ] 4. Apprentices, 
 j 5. Master and Servant. 
 [ 6. Husband and Wife. 
 f 1. Infancy. 
 II. CONTRACT. \ l ' P^ers of persons to) 2. Lunacy 
 
 ( contract. \ 3. Married women. 
 
 [ 4. Assent of parties. 
 
104 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 II. Contract.^ 
 
 Powers of persons to 
 contract. 
 
 2. Marriage Contract. 
 
 III. Principal and agent 
 
 i. 
 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 4- 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 I 7- 
 
 IV. Partnership. 
 
 V. Sale of property 
 
 VI. Fraudulent transfer. 
 
 VII. Bills and notes. 
 
 5. Consideration. 
 
 6. Fraud and force. 
 
 7. Imperishable Contracts. 
 
 8. Illegal Contracts. 
 
 9. Written Contracts. 
 
 10. Limitations to Contracts. 
 
 11. Remedies to Contracts. 
 
 1. Relationship. 
 
 2. Lunacy. 
 
 3. Fraud. 
 
 4. Force. 
 
 5. Ceremony. 
 
 6. Bigamy. 
 
 7. Wife's property. 
 
 8. Dower. 
 
 9. Support. 
 10. Divorce. 
 
 Who is agent. 
 Acts of agent. 
 Wrongs of agent. 
 Agent's duty to principal. 
 Irresponsibility to third party. 
 Commission Agent. 
 Brokers. 
 Acts of either partner. 
 Secret Partners. 
 Transfer of interest. 
 Terms of partnership. 
 Notice when dissolved. 
 6. Limited Partnership. 
 [7. Rights of Partners. 
 
 f 1. There must be property. 
 
 I 2. There must be an agreement. 
 
 3. There must be a Delivery. 
 
 4. There must be a Contract. 
 
 5. Void without a Title. 
 
 6. Title Warranted, 
 fi. Gifts. 
 
 Creditors' rights. 
 Record of Mortgages. 
 Transfer of property to Creditors. 
 f J. Use of Bills. 
 
 2. Acceptance. 
 
 3. Checks. 
 
 4. Drafts. 
 
 5. Endorsement. 
 Negotiable. 
 Can't be transfe r r e d 
 
 without consent, after 
 maturity. 
 
 1 . Promissory Notes. 
 
 2. Bills of Exchange 
 
 3- 
 
 Bills of Contract. 
 
 4. Interest on notes. 
 
 5. Time of payment 
 
 6. Days of grace. 
 
 7. Indorser liable. 
 
 \\ 
 
GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE. 
 
 ICK 
 
 VII. Bills and notes. 
 
 VIII. Services 
 
 IX. Insurance 
 
 X. Shipping. 
 
 XI. Interest. 
 
 \ 8. Demand must be made. 
 
 ( 9. Indorscr must be notified. 
 
 ir . 11. Hotel keepers. 
 Various } ^ ,■ ,• , 
 
 ' Ordinary laborers. 
 
 Common Carriers. 
 
 3- 
 
 1. Of 
 
 A inds. 
 ' 1. Fire. 
 
 2. Marine. 
 
 3. Life. 
 
 4. Several Policies. 
 
 5. False representations. 
 \ 1. Bill of lading. 
 
 I 2. Goods destroyed to save balance 
 j 3. Salvage. 
 
 { 4. Authority of ship-master. 
 \ 1. Rate. 
 I 2. Usury 
 1. 
 
 Responsible 
 to Persons. 
 
 Responsible 
 for Property. 
 
 XII. Real estate. 
 
 Fee Simple. 
 
 2. Estate for life. 
 
 3. Contingent Instate. 
 
 4. Leased Estates. 
 
 5. Estates in trust. 
 
 6. Deeds and Mortgages 
 
 7. Appurtenances 
 
 XIII. Landlord and tenant. 
 
 XIV. Wills. 
 
 Who can make them. 
 Must be according to law. 
 How revoked. 
 
 Codicil. 
 
 1. A Deed. 
 
 2. A Mortgage. 
 
 3. Delivery. 
 
 4. Recording. 
 
 5. Acknowledgment. 
 
 6. Foreclosure. 
 
 1. Rights over highway. 
 
 2. Rights over streams. 
 
 3. Rights of way. 
 
 4. Rights of party walls. 
 
 5. Forfeiture of rights. 
 Lease. 
 
 Rent. 
 
 Distribution of property. 
 
 Removal of tenant. 
 
 Sale of property. 
 
 Repairs. 
 
 Crops. 
 
 Tenant may re-rent. 
 
 Notice to yield up premises. 
 
 XV. Distribution of property without wills. 
 
 Second. Criminal Law and Crimes. 
 
 Personal. 
 Real Estate. 
 
 1. What constitutes a crime. 
 
 2. Laws in different States. 
 
 3. Capital punishment. 
 
 4. Treason. 
 
 5. Murder. 
 
 6. Arson. 
 
 7. Manslaughter. 
 
 8. Burglary. 
 
 9. Robbery. 
 
 10. Larceny. 
 
 11. Embezzlement, 
 
 12. Forgery. 
 
io6 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 13. Perjury. 
 
 14. Minor offences. 
 
 15. Principals in crime. 
 
 16. Accessories. 
 
 17. Arrests. 
 
 1 8. Punishments. 
 
 Third. International Law. 
 
 Sovereignty. 
 
 Dependent on each other 
 Law of Nations. 
 Origin of law. 
 
 9. Rules of Peao 
 
 10. Rides for War. 
 
 II. Rights and Duties of 
 Belligerents. 
 
 12. Rights and Duties of 
 Neutrals. 
 
 5. Enforcement of law. 
 
 6. Arbitration. 
 
 7. Treaties. 
 
 8. Observance, how enforced. 
 Jurisdiction. 
 
 Relation to travellers. 
 
 Relation to Criminals. 
 
 Not to interfere with others' affairs. 
 
 To protect the weaker. p 
 
 Not to make treaties to infringe on others rights. 
 
 Ambassadors. 
 
 Consuls. 
 
 Reprisals. 
 
 Embargo, 
 r 1 . Cause" for war. 
 J 2. Object. 
 j 3. Arbitration. 
 I 4. Treaties of Alliance. 
 
 1. To cease intercourse. 
 
 2. To notify strangers to leave. 
 
 3. To use instruments of death. 
 
 4. To rights, etc., of Prisoners. 
 
 5. Must protect non-combatants. 
 
 6. Duties, etc., relating to civil war. 
 
 7. War at Sea. 
 
 8. Regulations regarding privateering. 
 
 9. Regulations relating to Prizes. 
 
 10. Relating to time. 
 
 11. Relating to the Treaty. 
 Must remain Neutral. 
 Must prevent Privateering. 
 May continue to trade. 
 Regarding Contraband. 
 Must submit to search. 
 Must regard the Blockade. 
 
 fi- 
 
SECTIOX XVIII. 
 
 ARITHMETIC. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— FUNDAMENTAL RULES, ETC. 
 
 [ i. Problem. 
 
 2. Solution. 
 
 3. Explanation. 
 I 4- Principle. 
 
 I. Definition-. J f- Exam P |e - 
 
 1 6. Analysis 
 
 7. Rule. 
 
 8. Unit. 
 
 ! 9. Number. 
 10. Figure. 
 
 1. Concrete. 
 
 2. Abstract. 
 
 3. Prime. 
 
 1 4. Composite. 
 5. Integers. 
 
 II. Number? - 6 - Fractions. 
 7- Mixed. 
 
 8. Similar. 
 
 9. Dissimilar. 
 
 0. Simple. 
 
 1. Compound. 
 
 2. Denominate. 
 
 HI. Notation 
 
 NUMERATION. 
 
 AND 
 
 'I. 
 
 2. 
 
 I 3- 
 
 I 4- 
 
 5- 
 
 j r. Simple. 
 
 1 2. Compound. 
 Write by Words. 
 Write by Figures. 
 Write by Letters. 
 Order of I T nits. 
 I 'alue. 
 
 IV. Roman 
 
 TATION. 
 
 NO 
 
 6. Period. 
 
 7- Principles. 
 8. Pule. 
 
 |[ r. Characters. 
 
 2. Letters. 
 I 3. Principles. 
 
 make 
 
 1. Ten units of anv order 
 one of the next higher. 
 
 2. Removing a figure one place to 
 the left, increases its value. 
 
 3- Removing a figure one place to 
 the right diminishes its value. 
 
 4- The name and value of a figure 
 depends upon the place it occupies 
 
 ' 5- The absence of a figure or U«- 
 { ures is denoted bv ciph 
 f 1. Repeating a letter repeats its value 
 - A letter placed before one of great- 
 er value, their difference is required. 
 3- A letter placed after one of greater 
 I value, their sum is required. " 
 
ioS 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 IV. Roman 
 
 TATION. 
 
 V. Addition. 
 
 f 4. A letter between two of greater 
 , value, the difference between it and 
 
 •■ 3. Principles. \ their sum is required. 
 
 I 5. A Dash over a letter increases the 
 value one thousand fold. 
 
 ,„ I 1. Addends. 
 
 1. Icrms. , c 
 \ 2. Sum. 
 
 r S I- When the sum is less than Ten. 
 
 2. Cases. ^ 2 ^yj ien t [ ie sum ; s g rea ter than Ten. 
 
 f 1. Only similar numbers can be added. 
 
 2. Only units of like orders can be added. 
 
 3. Principles. \ 3. The sum is equal to all the parts. 
 j 4. The sum diminished by one or more 
 
 parts is equal to all the other parts. 
 ( 1. Addition (Plus). 
 Equality. 
 Dollars. 
 
 I 1. Minuend. 
 
 / 
 
 4. Signs. 
 
 5. Rule. 
 
 6. Proof. 
 { 1. Terms. 
 
 VI. Subtraction. 
 
 2. Cases. 
 
 2. Subtrahend. 
 
 3. Difference or Remainder. 
 
 When all the figures in the Minuend 
 are greater than the corresponding fig- 
 ures in the Subtrahend. 
 
 When one or more figures of the Min- 
 uend are less than the corresponding 
 figures in the Subtrahend. 
 
 be 
 
 numbers can 
 like orders can be 
 
 3. Principles. - 
 
 VII. Multiplication. 
 
 Only similar 
 subtracted. 
 
 2. Only units of 
 subtracted. 
 
 3. Subtraction is the reverse of Addi- 
 tion. 
 
 4. The Minuend equals the Subtra- 
 hend Plus the Remainder. 
 
 5. The Subtrahend equals the Minu- 
 end Minus the Remainder. 
 
 6. The Remainder equals the Minu- 
 end Minus the Subtrahend. 
 
 Of Subtraction (Minus). 
 Of Equality. 
 - 3. Of Dollars. 
 
 4. The Parenthesis. 
 
 5. The Vinculum. 
 ( I. Multiplicand. 
 ) 2. Multiplier. 
 ( 3. Product. 
 
 f 1. When the Multiplier contains one 
 figure. 
 
 2. When the Multiplier contains more 
 [ 2. Cases. \ than one figure. 
 
 3. To multiply by factors. 
 
 4. W T hen the Multiplier has ciphers to 
 the right. 
 
 Signs. 
 
 Pule. 
 Proof. 
 
 1 . Terms. 
 
ARITHMETIC. 
 
 IO9 
 
 3. Principles. 
 
 VII. Multiplication. j 
 
 4. Signs. 
 
 5. Rule. 
 
 6. Proof. 
 
 r 1. 
 
 VIII. Division. 
 
 1 . Ten/is. 
 
 2. Cases. \ 
 
 _ 3. Principles. 
 
 1. The Multiplicand may be either 
 a Concrete or an Abstract 
 Number. 
 
 2. The Multiplier is always an 
 abstract number. 
 
 3. The Product is like the Multi- 
 plicand. 
 
 4. The Product is numerically the 
 same in whichever order the 
 terms are multiplied. 
 
 5. Multiplication is a concise 
 method of Addition. 
 
 6. The Multiplicand equals the 
 Product divided by the Multi- 
 plier. 
 
 7. The Multiplier equals the Pro- 
 duct divided by the Multipli- 
 cand. 
 
 8. The Product equals the Mul- 
 tiplicand into the Multiplier. 
 
 I 1. Of Multiplication. 
 
 2. Of Equality. 
 ■j 3. Of Dollars. 
 
 1 4. The Parenthesis. 
 
 1 5. The Vinculum. 
 Dividend. 
 
 2. Divisor. 
 
 3. Quotient. 
 
 4. Remainder. 
 
 To Divide when the divisor contains only 
 one figure (Short Division). 
 
 To Divide when the divisor contains more 
 than one figure (Long Division). 
 
 To Divide into equal parts. 
 
 To Divide by factors. 
 
 To Divide when there are ciphers to the 
 right of the divisor. 
 
 1. Division is a concise method of Sub- 
 traction. 
 
 2. Division is the reverse of Multiplica- 
 tion. 
 
 3. The Dividend and Divisor must be 
 similar or abstract numbers. 
 
 4. The Quotient is an abstract number. 
 
 5. The Remainder is like the true Divi- 
 dend. 
 
 6. The Dividend equals the Divisor into 
 the Quotient plus the Remainder. 
 
 7. The Divisor equals the Dividend 
 minus the Remainder divided by the 
 Quotient. 
 
 8. The Quotient equals the Dividend 
 divided by the Divisor. 
 
I 10 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 - 3. Principles. 
 
 VIII. Division. - 
 
 4. Signs. 
 
 5. Rule. 
 
 6. Proof. 
 
 9. Increase the Divisor diminishes the 
 
 Quotient. 
 10. Diminish the Divisor increases the 
 I Quotient, 
 f I. Of Division. 
 2. Of Equality, 
 j 3. Of Dollars' 
 
 4. Parenthesis. 
 
 5. Vinculum. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— DECIMAL FRACTIONS. 
 
 I. Decimal 
 fractions. 
 
 1. Terms. 
 
 2. Kinds. 
 
 r. 
 
 I 4- 
 
 I 5- 
 
 Point. 
 
 Tenths. 
 
 Hundredths, etc. 
 
 Pure. 
 
 Mixed. 
 
 Complex. 
 
 Circulating. 
 
 Pure Repetend. 
 
 1 
 
 toward the right 
 towards the left 
 
 3. Principles. 
 
 4. Reduction. 
 
 5. Addition. 
 
 6. Subtraction. 
 
 Changing the Point 
 multiplies the Decimal 
 
 2. Changing the Point 
 divides the Decimal. 
 
 3. Placing a cipher between the Point and 
 Decimal divides the Decimal. 
 
 4. The Point always belongs between the 
 Decimal and the Integer. 
 
 5. Ciphers to the right of a Decimal do not 
 affect the value. 
 
 1. Decimals to common fractions. 
 
 2. Common fractions to Decimals. 
 
 1. Point. 
 
 2. Place. 
 
 3. Rule. 
 
 \ 1. Point. 
 I 2. Rule. 
 
 Multiplication, 
 
 \ 1. 
 ) 2. 
 
 Point. 
 Rule. 
 
 .8. Division. 
 
 ii 
 
 Principles. 
 Rules. 
 
 . When the Dividend and 
 Divisor are alike, the Quo- 
 tient is a whole number. 
 
 . The Dividend must con- 
 tain as many decimal places 
 as the Divisor. 
 
 . When the Divisor is a 
 whole number, the Quo- 
 tient is like the Dividend. 
 
 . The Quotient must con- 
 tain as many decimal places 
 as those in the Dividend 
 exceed those in the Divisor. 
 
ARITHMETIC. 
 
 in 
 
 I. Decimal 
 fractions. 
 
 9. Circulates. 
 
 1. A common fraction to a Circulate. 
 
 2. A pure Circulate to a common fraction. 
 
 3. A mixed Circulate to a common fraction. 
 
 CHAPTER III.— UNITED STATES MONEY. 
 
 I. Addition. 
 
 II. SUBTRACTION'. 
 
 III. Multiplication 
 
 IV. Division. , 
 
 V. Reduction. 
 
 VI. Rules. -| ' 
 
 1 4- 
 
 VII. Bills. i. Terms 
 
 Of Addition. 
 Of Subtraction. 
 Of Multiplication. 
 Of Division. 
 f 1. Bill. 
 
 2. Account. 
 
 3. Debtor. 
 
 4. Creditor. 
 
 r I. Principles. 
 
 I. Factoring. - 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS. 
 
 1. Every number is equal to the product 
 of its prime factors. 
 
 2. Every number is divisible by its prime 
 factors or some product of them. 
 
 3. Every number is divisible only by its 
 prime factors or some product of them. 
 
 4. Any number ending in o, 2, 4, 6 or 8, 
 is divisible by 2. 
 
 5. Any number ending in o or 5 is divisi- 
 ble by 5. 
 
 To find the prime factors. 
 
 To find the several factors or divisors. 
 
 To find the equal factors. 
 
 1. Common Divisor. 
 
 2. Greatest Common Divisor. 
 
 3. Greatest Common Measure. 
 First Method. 
 Second Method. 
 
 f 1. The product of all the com- 
 mon prime factors of two or 
 more numbers is the Greatest 
 
 j Common Divisor. 
 
 A Common Divisor of two or 
 more numbers is a Divisor of 
 their sum, and also of their dif- 
 ference. 
 
 Cases. J 1. 
 Rule. (3. 
 
 1 1. Terms. 
 
 2. Cases. 
 
 II. Common divisor. 
 
 s 
 I 
 
 Principles 
 Rule. 
 
I 12 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 ( I. A Multiple, 
 r i. Terms. -: 2. A Common Multiple. 
 
 ( 3. Least Common Multiple. 
 
 III. Common multiple. 
 
 2. Cases. 
 
 \ 1. 
 
 Principles. 
 Rule. 
 
 IV. Cancellation. 
 
 ) 1. Principles. 
 ) 2. Rule. 
 
 First Method. 
 Second Method. 
 [ 1. A Multiple of a number 
 must contain all the prime- 
 factors of that number. 
 A Common Multiple of two 
 or more numbers, must con- 
 tain all the prime factors of 
 each of them. 
 
 The Least Common Multi- 
 ple of two or more numbers 
 must contain all the prime 
 factors of each of them, and 
 no other factor. 
 Cancelling a factor in any num- 
 ber divides the number by that 
 factor. 
 
 Cancelling a factor in both Divi- 
 dend and Divisor of a quantity 
 does not alter the value. 
 
 CHAPTER V.— FRACTIONS. 
 
 II. Kinds. 
 
 I Tfrms \ '• Numerator - 
 1. iLKMb. -j 2 ^nominator. 
 
 1. Simple (i). 
 
 2. Compound (| of J). 
 
 3. Proper (£). 
 
 4. Improper (|). 
 
 5. Mixed (2$). 
 1 1 "I 
 
 6. Complex § 
 
 7. Reciprocal ( 1 — by the number). 
 ' i\ Multiplying the Numerator by any number, multiplies 
 
 the value. 
 
 2. Dividing the Numerator by any number, divides the 
 value. 
 
 3. Multiplying the Denominator by any number, divides 
 
 p ) tne va ^ ue - 
 
 '' 4. Dividing the Denominator by any number, multiplies 
 
 the value. 
 
 5. Multiplying both terms by the same number, does not 
 change the value. 
 
 6. Dividing both terms by the same number does not 
 alter the value. 
 
 r „ „ \ 1. Numbers to Fractions. 
 
 IV. REDUCTION. j 2 Fractions to Numbers. 
 
ARITHMETIC. 
 
 H3 
 
 IV. Reduction. 
 
 f3- 
 4- 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 
 V. 
 
 1 9- 
 
 Addition. — Rule 
 
 Subtraction. — 
 
 Compound to Simple. 
 
 To higher terms. 
 
 To lower terms. 
 
 Dissimilar to Similar. 
 
 The Greatest Common Divisor of Fractions. 
 
 The Least Common Multiple of Fractions. 
 
 Rules for these cases. 
 
 Rule. 
 f 1 - 
 
 Cases. 
 
 S 
 
 VII. Multiplication.-* 
 
 2. Principles. 
 I 3. Rules. 
 
 VIII. Division. 
 
 1 . Cases. 
 
 2. Priticiplcs 
 
 3. Rules. 
 
 IX. Relations of num- 
 bers AND FRACTIONS 
 
 (i- 
 
 ■ i 
 
 A Fraction by a whole Number. 
 A whole Number by a Fraction. 
 A Fraction by a Fraction. 
 
 [ 1 . A Fraction is multiplied by 
 multiplying its Numerator. 
 2. A Fraction is multiplied by 
 I dividing its Denominator. 
 C 1. A Fraction by a whole Number. 
 -j 2. A whole Number by a Fraction. 
 ( 3. A Fraction by a Fraction. 
 
 I 1. A Fraction is divided when its Nu- 
 merator is divided. 
 2. A Fraction is divided when its De- 
 nominator is multiplied. 
 The relation of a Number to a Fraction. 
 The relation of a Fraction to a Number. 
 The relation of a Number to a Number. 
 The relation of a Fraction to a Fraction. 
 
 CHAPTER VI.— DENOMINATE NUMBERS. 
 
 I. Simple. 
 
 II. Compound. 
 
 III. Measures. 
 
 I. Value. 
 
 1. Of Value. 
 
 2. Weight. 
 
 3. Length. 
 
 4. Surface. 
 
 5. Volume. 
 
 6. Time. 
 
 7. Angles and Circular ; and, First, Value, see below. 
 f 1. Coin. 
 
 2. Paper Money. 
 Money. \ 3. Currency. 
 I 4. Mint. 
 
 I 5. Bullion. ^ 1. Table. 
 United States Money. - 2. Denominations. 
 I 3. Svmbols. 
 ( 1. Table.' 
 Sterling Money. 1 2. Denominations. 
 ( 3. Svmbols. 
 I 1. Table. 
 [4. French Money. ■ 2. Denominations. 
 r 3. Symbols. 
 
114 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 I. Value. 
 
 German Money. 
 
 1. Name 
 
 2. Use. 
 
 3. Unit of measure 
 Troy, j 4. Caret. 
 
 I 5. Table. 
 I 6. Denominations. 
 [ 7. Symbols 
 f 1. 
 
 Table. 
 
 Denominations. 
 Symbols. 
 
 II. Weight. ) 
 
 2. Apothecaries'. 
 
 3. Avoirdupois. 
 
 . 4. Miscellaneous. 
 
 III. Miscellaneous weights. 
 
 IV. Length, i. Long Measure. 
 
 Use. 
 
 Unit of measure. 
 
 Table. 
 
 Denominations. 
 
 Symbols. 
 
 Apothecaries' Fluid. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Use. 
 
 Unit of measure. 
 
 Table. 
 
 Denominations. 
 [6. Symbols, 
 f 1. Cental. 
 
 2. Cask. 
 
 3. Quintal. 
 
 4. Barrel of Flour. 
 
 5. Barrel of Salt. 
 
 6. Barrel of Pork, 
 f 1. Of Wheat (60). 
 
 2. Of Oats (32). 
 
 3. Rye (56). - 
 
 4. Buckwheat (52). 
 
 5. Potatoes (60). 
 
 6. Beans (60). 
 
 7. Clover Seed (60). 
 
 8. Timothy Seed (45L 
 Flax Seed (56). 
 Barley (48). 
 Corn in ear (70). 
 Corn shelled (56). 
 Salt (56). 
 
 Bituminous Coal (70), 
 Onions (57). 
 
 16. Dried Apples (24). 
 
 17. Dried Peaches (33). 
 
 18. Hemp Seed (441. 
 
 1. A Line. 
 
 2. An Angle. 
 
 3. A Right Angle. 
 
 4. Its use. 
 
 5. Unit of measure. 
 
 6. Table. 
 
 7. Denominations. 
 
 8. Symbols. 
 
 9- 
 10. 
 1 1. 
 12. 
 
 13- 
 14. 
 
 i5- 
 
ARITHMETIC. 
 
 115 
 
 2. Cloth Measure. 
 
 Surveyors' Long 
 
 IV. Length. 
 
 • 
 
 4. Miscellaneous. 
 
 V. Surface. r. Square Measure.- 
 
 \ 1. Use. 
 
 ( 2. Divisions. 
 j 1. Use. 
 
 2. Unit of measure. 
 
 3. Table. 
 
 4. Denominations. 
 
 5. Symbols. 
 Fathoms. 
 Cables' length. 
 
 3. League. 
 
 4. Hand. 
 
 5. Cubit. 
 
 6. Palm. 
 Pace. 
 
 1. Rectangle. 
 Square. 
 Area. 
 Use. 
 
 Unit of measure. 
 Table. 
 Denominations. 
 
 [7 
 
 VI. Volume a n d 
 
 capacity. 
 
 1. Cubic Measure 
 
 2. Dry Measure. 
 
 3. Liquid Measure 
 
 VII. Tl.ML. 
 
 1 7. 
 
 Use. 
 
 Unit of measure. 
 
 Table. 
 
 Denominations. 
 
 Symbols. 
 
 Seasons. 
 
 Names of months. 
 
 8. Symbols. 
 
 9. Surveyors' Square. 
 I 1. Use. 
 
 I 2. Cube. 
 
 3. Contents. 
 
 4. Units of measure. 
 . ! 5. Table. 
 
 6. Denominations. 
 
 7. Symbols. 
 
 8. Cord. 
 { 9. Cord feet. 
 . Use. 
 
 . Unit of measure. 
 ,. Table. 
 
 .. Denominations. 
 ;. Symbols. 
 1. Cubic inches \ 1. Heaped bu. 
 
 in Bushel. / 2. Stroked bu. 
 I 1. Use. 
 
 I 2. Unit of measure. 
 J 3. Table. 
 I 4. Denominations. 
 
 5. Symbols. 
 ; 6. Cubic inches in gallon. 
 
u6 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 VIII. Angular or circular. 
 
 i. Counting. 
 
 i. Use. ( i. Right. 
 
 2. Angles. -. 2. Acute. 
 
 3. Circle. ( 3. Obtuse 
 
 4. Circumference. 
 
 5. Diameter. 
 
 6. Table. 
 
 7. Denominations. 
 
 8. Symbols. 
 
 { 1. Dozen. 
 Gross. 
 
 Great Gross. 
 Pair. 
 Set. 
 Score. 
 
 IX. Miscellaneous. •! 2 - ^V<^ 
 
 . 3. Books. 
 
 IV. Reduction. 
 
 Ascending. 
 Descending. 
 
 Rule. 
 Cases. 
 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 I 5- 
 
 16. 
 ( 1. Quire. 
 ) 2. Ream. 
 
 3. Bundle. 
 
 4. Bale. 
 
 1. Folio. 
 
 2. Quarto. 
 
 3. Octavo. 
 
 4. Duodecimo. 
 
 5. i8mo. 
 
 6. 24mo. 
 
 7. 32mo. 
 
 1. A Denominate Number to a De- 
 nominate Fraction. 
 
 2. A Denominate Fraction to a De- 
 nominate Number. 
 
 3. To rind what part one is of an- 
 other. 
 
 VIII. Division. 
 
 IX. Longitude and time. 
 
 V. Addition. — Rule.* 1 
 
 VI. Subtraction. — Rule. 
 
 VII. Multiplication. — Rule. 
 \ 1. Divide into parts. 
 I 2. One compound number by another. 
 
 \ 1. To find the difference in time. 
 ( 2. To find the difference in longitude. 
 ( 1. A Fraction to a Fraction of a lower 
 denomination. 
 
 2. A Fraction to an integer of a lower 
 denomination. 
 
 3. A Fraction to a Fraction of a higher 
 denomination. 
 
 4. A compound number to a Fraction. 
 1. A Decimal to a Denominate Number. 
 
 1. Common. 
 
 X. Denominate 
 fractions. 
 
 Decimals. 
 
 I 2. A Compound Number to a Decimal. 
 
ARITHMETIC. 
 
 117 
 
 CHAPTER VII.— RATIO. 
 
 I. Terms. 
 
 II. Kinds 
 
 1. Antecedent. 
 
 2. Consequent. 
 
 3. Couplet. 
 
 4. Ratio. 
 
 \ I. Simple. 
 
 III. Principles 
 
 Compound. 
 
 1. A Ratio equals the Quotient of the Antecedent di- 
 vided by the Consequent, 
 j 2. The Antecedent equals the product of the Conse- 
 quent by the Ratio. 
 [ 3. The Consequent equals the quotient of the Antece- 
 [ dent divided by the Ratio. 
 
 I. Simple. 
 
 II. Compound. 
 
 III. Principles. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII.— PROPORTION. 
 
 1st. The product of the means equals the product of the 
 extremes. 
 
 2d. Either extreme equals the product of the means di- 
 vided by the other extreme. 
 
 3</. Either mean equals the product of the extremes di- 
 vided by the other mean. 
 
 4./A. The fourth term equals the third divided by the 
 ratio of the first to the second. 
 
 yh. The first term equals the second multiplied by the 
 ratio of the third to the fourth. 
 
 6t/i, The product of the simple ratios of the first couplet 
 in a compound proportion, equals the product of the 
 simple ratios of the second couplet. 
 
 ~th. The product of all the terms in the extremes of a 
 compound proportion, equals the product of all the 
 terms in the means. 
 
 8///. Any term in either extreme in a compound propor- 
 tion, equals the product of the means divided by the 
 product of the other terms in the extremes. 
 
 9///. Any term in either mean in a compound propor- 
 tion, equals the product of the extremes divided by 
 the product of the other terms in the means. 
 
 CHAPTER IX.— PERCENTAGE. 
 
 I. Terms. 
 
 f 1. Base. 
 
 ! 2. Rate. 
 
 ] 3. Percentage. 
 
 1 4. Am't c. Difference. 
 
I iS 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 ii. Cases. 
 
 The Base and Rate given to find the Percentage. 
 The Percentage and Rate given to find the Base. 
 The Base and Percentage given to find the Rate. 
 
 The r 
 
 I i 
 
 III. Principles. 
 
 i\. Rui ES. 
 
 Applic 
 
 \ N I > 
 
 I. Gain or m iss. 
 
 II. Stocks and 
 
 DIV] DENDS. 
 
 in. Premium \\i> 
 
 DISCOUN r. 
 
 resulting number and Kate given to find the Base. 
 . The Percentage equals the Base multiplied by the 
 
 Rate, divided by ioo. 
 . The Kate equals the Percentage divided by the Base, 
 
 multiplied by ioo. 
 . The Base equals the Percentage divided by the Rate, 
 
 multiplied by ioo. 
 . The Base equals the amount divided by one (i) plus 
 
 the rate, or by (i) minus the Kate multiplied by ioo. 
 i . ( rain and Loss. 
 I 2. Stocks and I )i\ idcilds. 
 
 3. Premium and I )iscount. 
 
 I 4. Commission and Brokerage. 
 
 5. Insurance. 
 
 6. Simple Interest. 
 
 7. Compound Interest. 
 
 8. True I )iscount. 
 
 9. Banking. 
 
 10. Taxes. 
 
 1 !. Custom House business. 
 
 1 2. I )ireci Exchange. 
 
 13. Circular Exchange. 
 
 1. 1 apital and Kate given to find the gain or loss. 
 
 2, The Kate and gain or loss given to find the Base. 
 [, I he Base and gain or loss given to find the Kate. 
 
 4. Rules, j 1. A Company. 
 ; 2. Corporation. 
 . Terms. ! 3. Stock. 
 
 I 4. I )ividend. 
 I 5. Assessment. 
 I 1. Stock and Rate given to find the Dividend. 
 . Cases. '. 2. Kate and Dividend given to find Stock. 
 . Rules. I 3. Stock and Dividend given to hud Kate. 
 1 l. Capital. 
 2. Money. 
 }. Stocks. 
 
 4. I )rafts and Chicks. 
 1. Terms, \ 5. Bills of Exchange. 
 
 6. Pai Value. 
 
 7. Real Value. 
 
 8. Premium. 
 
 o. I liscount. 
 
 1. The Par Value and Rate to find the 
 Premium or Discount. 
 
 2. The Premium or Discount to find the 
 Par Value. 
 
 3. The Par Value and Real Value or Dis- 
 count to find the Kate. 
 
 4. The Real Value or Face and Rate to 
 find the Premium or Discount. 
 
 1 'ases. 
 Rules. 
 
ARITHMETIC. 
 
 Il 9 
 
 1 . Terms. 
 
 \\ 
 
 IV. Commission and 
 
 BROKERAGE. 
 
 V. Insurance. 
 
 1 . Terms. 
 
 Cases. \ 
 Rules 
 
 Agent or Factor. 
 Brokerage. 
 
 3. A Broker. 
 
 The Base and Rate to find Com- 
 mission. 
 
 The Commission or Brokerage, 
 and Base, to find Rate. 
 
 The Commission or Brokerage and 
 Rate to find the Base or Cost. 
 
 The Rate and Cost, or Base, to 
 find Commission or Brokerage. 
 
 3- 
 
 Cases. - 
 
 Rule. I 
 
 VI. Simple interest. 
 
 1 . Terms 
 
 VII. Compound 
 
 VIII. True discount. 
 
 JJ 
 
 ( 1. Insurance. 
 --' 2. Policy. 
 ( 3. Premium. 
 
 1. Value and Rate given to find Premium. 
 
 2. Value and Premium to find Rate. 
 
 3. Rate and Premium to find Value. 
 1. Interest. 
 
 Rate. 
 Principal. 
 Time. 
 Amount. 
 Legal interest. 
 Principal, Rate and Time, to find 
 Interest, or Amount. 
 Principal, Rate and Interest, to find 
 Time. 
 
 Principal, Time and Interest, to 
 find Rate. 
 
 and Interest, to find 
 
 1. Promissory Note. 
 
 2. Judgment Note. 
 
 3. Drawer. 
 
 4. Payee. 
 
 5. Endorser. 
 
 6. Indorsements. 
 
 7. Rules. 
 
 fi. 
 
 Cases 
 
 Rules 
 
 3- 
 
 Time, Rate 
 Principal. 
 
 4. Interest on Notes 
 INTEREST.— Rules. 
 Discount. 
 
 IX. Banking. 
 
 1. Terms. 
 
 X. Taxes.- 1 2. 
 
 h 
 
 XI. Custom house business. 
 
 . Cases. 
 _, Rule. 
 Property. 
 Poll. 
 Rule. 
 
 Present Worth 
 ( 3. Rules. 
 
 f 1. Proceeds. 
 J 2. Discount. 
 I 3. Bank Discount. 
 I 4. Days of Grace. 
 C 1. The face of a note, Rate and Time, to find 
 
 the Discount and Proceeds. 
 Proceeds, Rate and Time, to find face. 
 f 1. Duties. 
 
 2. Customs. 
 
 3. Ad Valorem Duty. 
 
 4. Specific Duty. 
 
 5. Draft. 
 
 6. Tare. 
 
 7. Gross Weight, 
 
 8. Rule, 
 
120 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 XII. Direct ex- 
 change. 
 
 Draft. 
 Notes. 
 Checks. 
 Sight Bill. 
 Time Bill. 
 Indorsement. 
 
 t. Terms. i. Bills of Exchange. 
 
 2. Inland Exchange, 
 
 3. Foreign Exchange. 
 
 7. Acceptance 
 
 \ 1. To find the cost of a Bill at sight. 
 / 2. The cost of a Bill given to find face. 
 
 XIII 
 
 Cases. 
 Rules. 
 
 Circular exchange. — Rule. 
 ( 1. Simple. 
 
 \ 
 
 r 1 - 
 
 XIV. Partnership. 
 
 XV. Equation of 
 
 PAYMENTS. 
 
 XVI. Settlement of accounts. 
 
 Compound. 
 3. Rules. 
 Average time of payment. 
 
 Equated time of payment. 
 
 \ 1. When terms of credit begin at the same 
 
 time. 
 I 2. When the debt has received partial 
 
 payments, to find time for payment of 
 
 the remainder. 
 
 3. When credit begins at different times. 
 
 4. To average accounts of both debt and 
 credit. 
 
 1 1. Current accounts. 
 < 2. Settling or clearing. 
 (3. Rule. 
 
 ( ases. 
 
 Rule. 
 
 CHAPTER X.— ALLIGATION. 
 
 I. Alligation medial. 
 
 II. Alligation alternate. 
 
 ( 1. Given the mean value and value of each, to find the pro- 
 portion of each. 
 ... „ 1 2. Ciiven the mean value, the value of each, and quantity of 
 
 IV R le ° ne ' tU find the otherSl 
 
 ", Given the mean value, the value of each, and the entire 
 
 quantity, to find quantity of each. 
 
 CHAPTER XL— PROGRESSION. 
 
 1. Arithmetical. 
 
 1. First Term. 
 
 2. Last Term. 
 
 3. Common difference. 
 
 4. Number of terms. 
 
 5. Sum of terms. 
 
ARITHMETIC. 
 
 T2I 
 
 f i. First Term. 
 | 2. Last Term. 
 
 II. Geometrical. ; 3. Number of terms. 
 
 III. Rule. ! 4. Ratio. 
 
 [ 5. Sum of terms. 
 
 IV. Infinite series. 
 
 CHAPTER XII.— INVOLUTION AND EVOLUTION. 
 
 I. Involution. 
 
 II. Evolution. i. Terms. 
 
 ( 1. Power. 
 
 f 1. Terms. -. 2. Degree. 
 
 ( 3. Exponent. 
 
 I 1. The square of a number contains 
 twice as many figures as the number, 
 or twice as many less one. 
 
 2. The cube of a number contains three 
 times as many figures as the number, 
 or three times less one or two. 
 
 3. The square of a number of tens and 
 units equals the square of the tens, 
 plus twice the tens into the units, plus 
 the square of the units. 
 
 4. The square of a number of hundreds, 
 tens and units, equals the square of the 
 hundreds, plus two times the hundreds 
 into the tens, plus the square of the 
 tens, plus two times the sum of the 
 hundreds and tens into the units, plus 
 the square of the units. 
 
 2. Principles A 5. The cube of a number of tens and 
 units equals the cube of the tens, 
 plus three times the square of the tens 
 into the units, plus three times the 
 tens into the square of the units, plus 
 the cube of the units. 
 6. The cube of a number of hundreds, 
 tens and units, equals the cube of the 
 hundreds, plus three times the square 
 of the hundreds into the tens, plus 
 , three times the hundreds into the 
 square of the tens, plus the cube of 
 the tens, plus three times the square 
 of the sum of the hundreds and tens 
 into the units, plus three times the 
 sum of the hundreds and tens into 
 the square of the units, plus the cube 
 of the units. 
 
 I 1. Square Root. 
 1. Cube Root. 
 
 ' 3. Fourth Root. 
 
 U- si g n - 
 
122 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 II. Evolution*. 
 
 Analytic method of Square Root. 
 Rule. 
 
 fl 
 
 4. Applica- 
 t i n s o f \ 
 Square Root. 
 
 f 1. The square of the 
 hypotenuse equals 
 the sum of the 
 squares of the oth- 
 Ri g h t-a n- | er two sides, 
 gled Trian- \ 2. The square of ei- 
 gle. ther side equals the 
 
 square of the hy- 
 potenuse dimin- 
 ished by the square 
 of the other side, 
 f 1 . The areas of circles 
 are as the squares of 
 their Di a m e t e r s. 
 Radii, or Circum- 
 ferences. 
 Similar sur- j 2. The areas of 
 faces. squares, s i m i 1 a r 
 
 Rectangles, and Tri- 
 angles, are to each 
 other as the squares 
 of their like dimen- 
 sions. 
 5. . Xnalytic method of Cube Root. — Rule. 
 
 1. Similar volumes are to each oth- 
 er as the cubes of their like dimen- 
 sions. 
 
 2. The like dimensions of similar 
 volumes are to each other as the 
 cube roots of the volumes. 
 
 7. Geometrical met hod of Cube Root. 
 
 6. Applications of 
 Cube Root. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII.— ANNUITIES AND MENSURATION. 
 
 I. Annuities. 
 
 To find the amount at Simple Interest. 
 To find the amount at Compound Interest. 
 To find the present value at Simple Interest. 
 To find the present value at Compound Interest. 
 f 1. Angle. 
 
 2. Right Angle. 
 
 3. Acute Angle. 
 
 4. Obtuse Angle. 
 
 \\ 
 
 II. Mensuration. 
 
 1. Terms. 
 
 Base. 
 .. Altitude. 
 
 ( 3. Hypotenuse. 
 
 2. Principle 
 
 5. Triangle. 
 
 6. Polygon. 
 
 7. Scalene. 
 
 8. Isosceles. 
 
 ( The Area of a Triangle is equal to 
 
 < the Base multiplied by one-half the 
 
 ( Altitude. 
 
ARITHMETIC. 
 
 123 
 
 II. MENSURATION. 3. Quadrilateral. 
 
 3- 
 
 5- 
 
 1. Rectangle. 
 
 f 1. Parallelogram. \ 2> ^V^t ■ , 
 2. Trapezoid. ' 3- Rhomboid. 
 
 • 3. Trapezium. < * R hombus. 
 I 4. Principles (see below) : 
 
 1. The area of a Parallelogram equals the Base multiplied by the Altitude. 
 
 2. The area of a Trapezoid equals the Altitude multiplied by one-half the sum 
 of the Parallel sides. 
 
 3. The area of a Trapezium equals the sum of the areas of the two triangles 
 into which it may be divided. 
 
 j 1. The area of a circle equals the Square of the Radius 
 
 by 3.1416. ' 
 
 The Circumference of a circle equals the Diameter 
 
 multiplied by 3.1416. 
 
 The Diameter of a circle is equal to the Product of 
 
 the Circumference by .3183. 
 III. The CIRCLE, j 4. The side of any square that can be inscribed in 
 
 a circle, equals the Product of the Diameter bv 
 
 .7017106 or the Product of the Circumference by 
 
 .225079. 
 
 The area of an ellipse equals the Product of one-half 
 
 the two axes together, and that Product multiplied by 
 
 3.1416. 
 
 ( 1. The convex surface of a prism equals the 
 Perimeter of the Base multiplied bv the 
 Altitude. 
 
 The contents of a Prism equals the Prod- 
 uct of the area of the Base by the Alti- 
 tude. 
 
 1. The convex surface of a Pyramid equals 
 the Product of the Perimeter of the Base 
 by one-half the slant height. 
 
 2. The contents of a Pyramid equals the 
 Product of the area of Base by one-third 
 of the Altitude. 
 
 1. The surface of a Cylinder equals the 
 Product of the Circumference of the 
 Base by the Altitude. 
 
 2. The contents of a Cylinder equals the 
 Product of the area of the Base by the 
 Altitude. 
 
 The surface of a Cone equals the Product 
 of the Circumference of Base by one-half 
 the slant height. 
 
 The contents of a Cone equals the Product 
 of the area of the Base by one-third of Alti- 
 tude. 
 
 The convex surface of the Frustrum 
 of a Pyramid and Cone equals the 
 sum of the Perimeters of the two 
 Bases, multiplied by one-half the 
 slant height. 
 
 I. Prism. 
 
 2. Pyramid. 
 
 IV. Volumes. \ 3- Cylinder. 
 
 4. Cone. 
 
 Frustrum of a \ 
 Pyramid a n d { 
 Cone. 
 
 I 
 
124 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 IV. Volumes. - 
 
 {5 
 
 V. The sphere. 
 
 The contents of a Frustrum is 
 equal to the Square Root of the 
 product of the two Bases, plus the 
 sum of the Bases, multiplied by one- 
 | third of the Altitude. 
 of a sphere equals the square of the 
 Radius multiplied by 4 and that Product by 3.1416. 
 The contents of a sphere equals the cube of the Di- 
 ameter multiplied by .5236. 
 
 The size of any cube which may be cut from a 
 sphere equals the square root extracted from the 
 Quotient of the Square of the Diameter divided by 3. 
 
 Frustrum of a 
 Pyra m id and 
 
 Cone. 
 
 \ 1. The surface 
 
SECTION XIX. 
 
 ALGEBRA. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— DEFINITIONS, ETC. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 I. Quantity. 
 
 II. Coefficient. 
 
 III. Exponent. 
 
 IV. Power. 
 
 V. Root. 
 
 VI. Equation. 
 
 8 
 
 9- 
 
 io. 
 
 I n - 
 
 1 12. 
 
 V- 
 
 I. 2 - 
 
 VII. Monomial. 
 
 VIII. Polynomial. 
 
 IX. Binomial. 
 
 X. Trinomial. 
 
 XI. Residual. 
 
 XII. Homogeneous. 
 
 XIII. Reciprocal 
 
 i. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 Currency. 
 
 Length. 
 
 Surface. 
 
 Volume. 
 
 6. Weight. 
 
 7. Time. 
 Angular measure. 
 Known Quantity. 
 Unknown Quantity. 
 Literal. 
 Numeral. 
 
 First member. 
 Second member. 
 
 XIV. Terms. 
 
 XV. Signs. 
 
 '1 j 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1. 
 
 2 t 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 9 
 [10 
 
 XVI. Axioms. 
 
 Positive. 
 
 Negative. 
 
 Similar. 
 
 Dissimilar. 
 
 Degree. 
 Addition. 
 Subtraction. 
 Multiplication. 
 Division. 
 Equality. 
 Inequality. 
 
 7. Radical. 
 
 8. Parenthesis. 
 Vinculum. 
 
 Brackets. 
 
 1. The same quantity added to equals, their sum will be 
 equal. 
 
 2. The same quantity subtracted from equals, their dif- 
 ference will be equal. 
 
 \ 1. 
 
 ) 
 
 Horizontal. 
 Vertical. 
 
126 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 XVI. Axioms. 
 
 3. If quantities be multiplied by the same number, their 
 product will be equal. 
 
 4. If equals be divided by the same quantity, their quo- 
 tients will be equal. 
 
 5. If the same quantity be both added to and subtracted 
 from a quantity, their value will not be changed. 
 
 6. If a quantity be both multiplied and divided by the 
 same number, the value will be the same. 
 
 7. Quantities equal to any other quantity, are equal to 
 e^lch other. 
 
 8. Like powers of equal quantities are equal. 
 
 9. Like roots of equal quantities are equal. 
 
 10. The whole of any quantity is equal to all of its parts. 
 
 11. The whole of any quantity is more than any of its 
 parts. 
 
 CHAPTER II.-ENTIRE QUANTITIES. 
 
 I. Admtion. 
 
 $ 1. Similar Terms. 
 ( 2. Polynomials. 
 
 Principles. 
 Sign. 
 
 Rule. 
 
 I 1. Cases. 
 
 II. Subtraction. • 
 
 Principles. 
 
 Sign. 
 
 Rule. 
 
 1 . Cases. 
 
 III. Multiplication. 
 
 Principles. 
 
 Only similar terms can be added. 
 The sum of all the parts equals the 
 whole. 
 
 Only similar quantities can be sub- 
 tracted. 
 Polynomials. 
 
 1. The same number added to both 
 .Minuend and Subtrahend, does not 
 change the value. 
 
 2. The same number subtracted from 
 both, does not change the value. 
 
 3. The Minuend equals the Subtra- 
 hend plus the Remainder. 
 
 4. The Subtrahend equals the Minu- 
 [ end minus the Remainder. 
 
 I 1. When both factors are Monomials. 
 
 2. When one factor is a Polynomial. 
 
 3. When both factors are Polyno- 
 mials. 
 
 4. To square a Binomial. 
 
 5. To rind the Product of the sum 
 and difference of two quantities. 
 
 1. Both factors multiplied by the 
 same does not change the 
 Product. 
 
 2. Both divided by the same does 
 not change it. 
 
 3. The same quantity added to, 
 or- subtracted from both, does 
 
 [ not change the Product. 
 
ALGEBRA. 
 
 127 
 
 III. Multiplication. 
 
 ( 2. Principles 
 •j 3. Sign. 
 ( 4 . Rules. 
 
 1 . Cases. 
 
 IV. Division*. 
 
 4. Multiplying the Multiplier by 
 a quantity multiplies the Prod- 
 uct by that quantity. 
 
 5. Dividing the Multiplicand by a 
 quantity divides the Product by 
 that quantity. 
 
 6. The Multiplicand equals the 
 Multiplier divided into the Prod- 
 uct. 
 
 7. The Multiplier equals the 
 Product divided by the Multi- 
 plicand. 
 
 8. The Product is of the same 
 ^ quantity as the Multiplicand. 
 
 When both terms are Monomials. 
 
 When one term is a Monomial. 
 
 When both terms are Polynomials. 
 
 When one term is a Polynomial. 
 
 I 1. Multiplying the Dividend multiplies the 
 
 Quotient. 
 
 Multiplying the Divisor divides the 
 
 Quotient. 
 
 Dividing the Divisor multiplies the 
 
 Quotient. 
 
 Multiplying and dividing both Dividend 
 
 and Divisor does not change the Quo- 
 
 2. Principles. •' tient. 
 
 3. Sign. 5. The Dividend equals the Divisor into 
 
 4. Rules. the Quotient plus the Remainder. 
 
 j 6. The Divisor equals the Dividend di- 
 vided by the Quotient. 
 
 7. The Quotient is of the same quantity as 
 the Dividend. 
 
 8. The Remainder is of the same quantity 
 [ as the Dividend. 
 
 Formulas : 
 \st Formula. — The square of the sum of any two quantities is equal to 
 
 the square of first, plus twice the first multiplied by the second, plus 
 
 the square of the second. 
 2d Formula. — The square of the difference between any two quantities, 
 
 is equal to the square of first, minus twice the Product of the second 
 
 by the first, plus the square of the second. 
 yl Formula. — The sum of two quantities multiplied by their difference, 
 
 equals the difference of their squares. 
 \tli Formula. — The sum of the squares of any two quantities, plus 
 
 twice their Product, is divisible by their sum. 
 yh Formula. — The sum of the squares of any two quantities, minus 
 
 twice their Product, is divisible by the difference of the quantities. 
 
 (' 1. Monomials. 
 
 , . ~ 1 2. Polynomials. 
 ) 1. Cases. 
 
 I 2. Pules. 
 
 Yl. Factoring. 
 
 Trinomials. 
 Binomials. 
 
128 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 VII. Common divisor. 
 
 VIII. Multiple. 
 
 i . Cases 
 
 Principlt 
 
 Rule. 
 
 Cases. 
 
 u 
 
 Principles. 
 
 Rule. 
 
 \ i. Common Divisor. 
 
 \ i. Greatest Common Divisor. 
 
 [ The Greatest Common Divisor of 
 two or more quantities, is the 
 Product of all their common 
 prime factors. 
 Multiples, Common. 
 Multiples, Least Common. 
 ( I. The Common Multiple of two or 
 more quantities, is the Product of all 
 their prime factors. 
 The Least Common Multiple of two 
 or more quantities is the Product of 
 all their prime factors, and no other. 
 
 CHAPTER III.— FRACTIONS. 
 
 I. Terms. 
 
 ( i. Denominator. 
 
 < 2. Numerator. 
 
 II. Sign 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 
 3. Fraction. 
 \ 1. Apparent. 
 ^ 2. Real. 
 ' 11, Mixed Quantity. 
 Kinds. ■] 2. Simple. ~ 
 r 3. Complex. 
 Principles of Fractions: 
 1st Principle. — Any change in the Numerator produces a similar 
 
 change in value. 
 2d Principle. — Any change in the Denominator produces an opposite 
 
 change in value. 
 yl Principle. — Changing the sign of the Numerator, changes the real 
 
 sign of the fraction. 
 \tli Principle. — Changing the sign of both Denominator and Numera- 
 tor, does not alter the real sign. 
 yh Principle. — Changing the apparent sign changes the real sign. 
 Transformation : 
 1st Transformation. — To reduce an entire quantity to a fractional form. 
 id Transformation. — To reduce a Fraction to its lowest terms. 
 id Transformation. — To reduce a Fraction to a Mixed Quantity. 
 4.I/1 Transformation. — To reduce a Mixed < Quantity to a fractional form. 
 $t/i Transformation. — To reduce Fractions to a Least Common De- 
 nominator. 
 6th Tran formation. — To reduce Fractions of different Denominators 
 to similar Fractions. 
 
 VI. Addition. 
 
 VII. Subtraction. 
 
 VIII. Multiplication 
 
 IX. Division. 
 
 An entire quantity by a Fraction. 
 
 A Fraction by an entire quantity. 
 
 A Fraction by a Fraction. 
 ( 1. A Fraction by an entire quantity. 
 < 2. An entire quantity by a Fraction. 
 ( 3. A Fraction by a Fraction. 
 
ALGEBRA. 
 
 I29 
 
 fi. For Transformation. 
 
 I 2. For Addition. 
 
 X. RULES. -J 3. For Subtraction. 
 
 4. For Multiplication. 
 
 [ 5. For Division. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— EQUATIONS. 
 
 II. Kinds of equations. 
 
 ( 1. First term. f 1. Arithmetical equation. 
 
 I. TERMS. -2. Second term. 2. Algebraic equation. 
 ( 3. Arithmetical. 1 3. Numeral equation. 
 
 4. Li/era/ equation. 
 
 5. Identical equation. 
 
 6. Simple equation. 
 
 7. Quadratic equation. 
 
 8. Cube. C 1. First equation. 
 
 9. Degree. ■? 2. Second equation. 
 I 3. Third equation. 
 
 Clearing effractions. { 1 . Clear of fractions. 
 
 III. Transformation. \ 2. 
 
 Transposing. 
 Solving equations. 
 
 IV. Problems in equations. 
 
 V. Axioms (see Axioms on pp. 
 
 VI. Equations of two or 
 
 MORE UNKNOWN QUANTI- 
 TIES. 
 
 VII. Rules. 
 
 V 
 
 ( i . Statement. 
 I 2. Solution. 
 >5, 126, ante). 
 
 Elimination. 
 
 I 2. Transpose. 
 
 < 3. Unite the terms. 
 
 j 4. Divide, 
 
 [ 5. Verify. 
 ( 1. Translate. 
 } 2. Solve. 
 \ 1. By Substitution. 
 
 2. By Comparison. 
 
 3. By Addition. 
 
 4. By Subtraction. 
 
 CHAPTER V.— POWERS AND ROOTS. 
 
 I. Powers. 
 
 I. Terms. 
 
 3- 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 16. 
 
 Powers of Monomials 
 Powers of Fractions. 
 Powers of Binomials. 
 
 Power. 
 
 Square. 
 
 Cube. 
 
 Perfect power 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 Involution. 
 
 f 1. The number of terms. 
 
 2. The Sign of terms. 
 ) 3. The Exponents of the letters. 
 
 4. The Coefficients of the Terms. 
 I 5. The Law of Coefficients (see 
 below 1 : 
 
no 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 The Coefficient of any term may be obtained by multiplying the Coeffi- 
 cient of the preceding term by the Exponent of the leading quantity 
 in that term, or by the number of the term from the last, and by the 
 Coefficient of the following quantity in the root, and dividing' this 
 result by the product of the Coefficient of the leading quantity in the 
 root, multiplied by the number of term from the first. 
 [ i. Evolution. 
 
 ^ 2. Root. 
 
 lerms. ' T A 
 
 | 3. Index. 
 
 4. Surd. 
 
 2. Roofs of Monomials. 
 
 3. Roots of Poly7iomials, 
 
 4. Square Root. 
 
 5. Cube Root. 
 
 6. Principles. 
 
 r 1 ' 
 
 II. Roots 
 
 I. Reduction 
 
 CHAPTER VI.— RADICALS. 
 
 ( 1. To its simplest form. 
 < 2. A Rational to a Radical. 
 3. Of different degrees to a common Radical Index. 
 
 II. Addition of radicals 
 
 III. Subtraction of radicals. 
 
 IV. Multiplication of radicals 
 
 V. Division- of radicals. 
 
 VI. Rules for radicals. 
 
 VII 
 
 (See any text book 
 for Rules.) 
 
 1. Of same degree. 
 
 2. Of different degrees. 
 \ 1. Of same degree. 
 \ 2. Of different degree. 
 
 f 1. For Reduction. ] 
 J 2. For Addition. 
 
 3. For Subtraction. 
 
 4. For Multplicat/on. 
 
 5. For Division. 
 Principles of Involution and Evolution: 
 
 1st Principle of Involution. — If a radical quantity be involved to a 
 power corresponding to the Radical Index, the Radical sign will be 
 removed. 
 
 2d Principle of Involution.-- If a quantity containing both radical and 
 rational terms be raised to any power, the Radical sign will remain. 
 
 3d Principle of Involution. — If a quantity consisting of two radical 
 terms of the second degree be squared, the result will contain but a 
 single radical term. 
 
 \st Principle of Evolution. — The Exponent of a quantity will be re- 
 moved by extracting the root whose index corresponds to the Expo- 
 nent. 
 
 id Principle of Evolution. — The root of a Binomial is necessarily a 
 Surd, and a Binomial always becomes a Radical by Evolution. 
 
 yl Principle of Evolution. — A Trinomial is a perfect square when two 
 of its terms are perfect squares and Positive, and the remaining term 
 is twice the product of the square roots of the others, and either Pos- 
 itive or Negative. 
 
 VIII. Eolations containing radical quantities. 
 
 IX. Rules for equations in radicals. 
 
ALGEBRA. 
 
 131 
 
 CHAPTER VII.— QUADRATICS AND PROGRESSION. 
 First. — Quadratics. 
 
 I. Terms. 
 
 
 (3. 
 
 II. Problems. 
 
 III. Equations. 
 
 IV. Polynomials 
 
 Pure. 
 
 Affected. 
 
 Roots. 
 
 i '" f /'' P T; j S I- First method. 
 I 2 - /;/ a ff ected - J 2. Second method. 
 
 1. Complete the square. 
 
 2. Extract the root. 
 Transpose. 
 Unite the terms. 
 Extract the root. 
 
 1 > 
 
 I 5- 
 
 V. Factoring Trinomials. 
 
 Second.— PROGRESSION. 
 
 I. Arithmetical. 
 
 Extremes. 
 
 Means. 
 Terms. 
 Cases. \ ' 
 
 5. Applications. 
 
 To find the last term. 
 To find the sum of the series. 
 I 1. First term. 
 
 2. Common difference. 
 
 3. Number of terms. 
 
 4. Last term. 
 
 5. Sum of terms. 
 
 6. Formulas. 
 
 7. Problems. 
 
 8. Rule. 
 
 II. Geometrical. 
 
 1. Ascending. 
 
 2. Descending. 
 
 3. Ratio, r x To find the last term 
 
 4. Lases. 1 2 To find the sum oi the s er j es 
 
 5. Infinite Series. 
 
 6. Geometrical means. 
 
 [ 1. 
 
 7. Applications. 
 
 8. Problems. 
 
 9. Rule. 
 
 First term. 
 Ratio. 
 
 Number of terms. 
 Last term. 
 Sum of terms. 
 
SECTION XX. 
 
 GEOMETRY. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— TERMS USED AND LANGUAGE OF GEOMETRY. 
 
 I. Lines and angles. 
 
 7. Angles. 
 
 f 1. Straight. 
 
 1. Magnitude. 2. Curved. 
 
 2. Point. I 3. Crooked. 
 
 3. Line. 4. Parallel. 
 
 4. Surface. 5. Horizontal. 
 
 5. Plane. 6. Vertical. 
 
 6. Volume. 7. Oblique. 
 f 1. Plane. 
 
 2. Adjacent. 
 I 3. Right angle. { 1. Scalene. 
 
 4. Acute angle. j 2. Equilateral. 
 
 5. Obtuse angle. | 3. Right angle. 
 
 6. Triangle. -j 4. Acute angle. 
 
 7. Interior angle. 5. Obtuse angle. 
 [ 8. Exterior angle. 6. Isosceles an- 
 
 i 1. Quadrilateral. [ gle. 
 
 2. Pentagon. 
 I 3. Hexagon. 
 
 1. Polygon. - 4. Heptagon. 
 
 5. Octagon. 
 
 6. Nonagon. 
 I 7. Decagon. 
 
 1 1. Trapezium. 
 
 2. Quadrilateral. ■ 2. Trapezoid. 
 r 3. Parallelogram. 
 
 ( 1. Square. 
 I 3. Rectangle. -■ 2. Rhomboid. 
 ( 3. Rhombus. 
 1 i. Circumference. 
 [4. Circle. ■ 2. Diameter. 
 I 3. Radius, 
 f 1. Things which equal the same things, equal each other. 
 
 2. Equals added to equals, the sum will be equal. 
 
 3. Equals subtracted from equals, the Remainder will be 
 equal. 
 
 III. AXIOMS. \ 4. Equals added to unequals, the sum will be unequal. 
 
 5. Equals subtracted from unequals, the Remainder will be 
 unequal. 
 
 6. If equals be multiplied by equals the Product will be 
 equal. 
 
 II. Plane figures. 
 
GEOMETRY. 1 33 
 
 ( 7. If equals be divided by equals the Quotient will be equal. 
 
 III. Axioms.- 8. The whole is greater than any of its parts. 
 
 I 9. The whole is equal to all of its parts. 
 
 IV. Corollary. 
 
 V. Scholium. 
 
 VI. Problems. 
 
 VII. Postulate. 
 
 VIII. Hypothesis. 
 
 IX. Theorems, and — 
 
 1. Of Angles. 
 
 1st. When any straight line meets another, the sum of the two adjacent 
 
 angles equals two right angles. 
 2d. When two straight lines intersect each other, the opposite, or verti- 
 cal angles, are equal. 
 jif. Two angles which have their sides respectively parallel, and lying 
 
 in the same direction, or in opposite directions, are equal. 
 \tli. If two triangles have two sides, and the included angle of the one 
 
 equal to two sides and the included angle of the other, each to each, 
 
 the triangles will be equal in all their parts. 
 5///. If two triangles have two angles, and the included side of the one 
 
 equal to two angles and the included side of the other, each to each, 
 
 the triangles will be equal in all their parts. 
 6t/i. If two triangles have two sides of the one equal to two sides of 
 
 the other, each to each, and the included angles are equal, the third 
 
 side will be greater in the triangle, having the greater included angle. 
 1th. If two triangles have the three sides of the one equal to the three 
 
 sides of the other, each to each, the triangles will be equal in all their 
 
 parts. 
 %th. In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite the equal sides are 
 
 equal. 
 gt/i. If two angles of a triangle are equal, the sides opposite them are 
 
 also equal, and the triangle is isosceles. 
 10///. In any triangle the greater side is opposite the greater angle, and 
 
 conversely, the greater angle is opposite the greater side. 
 11///. In every triangle the sum of the three angles is equal to two 
 
 right angles. 
 
 2. Of Quadrilaterals. 
 
 1st. In any parallelogram the opposite sides and angles are equal, each 
 
 to each. 
 2(f. If the opposite sides of a quadrilateral are equal, each to each, the 
 
 equal sides are parallel, and the figure is a parallelogram. 
 yl. If two sides of a quadrilateral are equal and parallel, the figure is a 
 
 parallelogram. 
 4///. The diagonals of parallelograms bisect each other, and the sum of 
 
 their squares is equivalent to the sum of the squares of the four sides 
 
 of the parallelogram. 
 
 3. Of Polygons. 
 1st. Similar polygons may be divided into the same number of trian- 
 
134 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 gles ; and to each triangle in one of the polygons there will be a cor- 
 responding triangle in the other polygon. These triangles are simi- 
 lar and similarly situated. 
 
 id. The perimeter of similar polygons are to one another as their homol- 
 ogous sides; and their areas to one another as the squares of their 
 homologous sides. 
 
 2,d. If the sides of a convex polygon be produced so as to form one ex- 
 terior angle at each vertex, the sum of the exterior angles will be 
 equal to four right angles. 
 
 4. Of Proportion. 
 
 1st. If four quantities are in proportion, they will be in proportion by 
 alteration. 
 
 2d. If four quantities be in proportion, the product of the means will 
 equal the product of the extremes. 
 
 yf. Magnitudes which are proportional to the same proportionals, are 
 proportional to each other. 
 
 \t/i. If the product of two magnitudes equals the product of two other 
 magnitudes, two of them may be made the means, and two the ex- 
 tremes of a proportion. 
 
 5///. If four quantities are proportional, the sum of the first and second 
 is to their difference as the sum of the third and fourth is to their dif- 
 ference. 
 
 6t/t. The product of the corresponding terms of two proportions are 
 proportional. 
 
 "th. If four quantities are proportional, we can multiply the antece- 
 dents or consequents, or divide them by the same quantity, and the 
 results will be proportional. 
 
 S/ 1 //. If three quantities are in proportion, the first is to the third as the 
 square of the first is to the square of the second. 
 
 5. Squares on Lines. 
 
 1st. The square described on the sum of any two lines, is equal to the 
 sum of the squares described on the lines, plus twice the rectangle of 
 the lines. 
 
 2d. The square described on the difference of two lines, is equal to the 
 sum of the squares described on the two lines, diminished by twice 
 the rectangle contained by the lines. 
 
 3<7. The difference of the squares described on any two lines, is equal 
 to the rectangle contained by the sum and difference of the lines. 
 
 \th. The square described on the hypotenuse of any right-angled tri- 
 angle, is equal to the sum of the squares described on the other two 
 sides. 
 
 tfJi. In any obtuse-angled triangle, the square of the side opposite the 
 obtuse angle is equivalent to the sum of the squares of the other two 
 sides, plus twice the product of the base into the distance from the 
 vertex of the obtuse angle to the foot of the perpendicular drawn 
 from the vertex of the opposite angle to the base produced. 
 
 6th. In any triangle, the squares on a side opposite an acute angle is 
 less than the sum of the squares on the other two sides, by twice the 
 
GEOMETRY. 1 35 
 
 rectangle contained by either of these sides, and the distance from 
 the vertex of the acute angle to the foot of the perpendicular let fall 
 on this side, or side produced, from the vertex of the opposite angle. 
 
 6. Of Similar Triangles. 
 
 1st. Triangles which have their corresponding sides proportional are 
 similar. 
 
 2d. If any triangle have its sides respectively proportional to the like 
 sides of any other triangle, each to each, then the two triangles will 
 be equiangular and similar. 
 
 3</. Two triangles having an angle in one equal to an angle in the 
 other, and the sides about these equal angles proportional, are equi- 
 angular and similar. 
 
 4.1/1. Triangles which have their sides parallel, each to each, or perpen- 
 dicular, each to each, are similar. 
 
 7. Of the Circle. 
 
 1st. Equal angles at the centre of a circle are subtended by equal 
 
 chords. 
 2d. Any radius which is perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord, and 
 
 also the arc subtended by the chord. 
 yt. A circumference may be made to pass through three points which 
 
 are not in the same line. 
 4th. In equal circles, equal chords are equally distant from the centre. 
 5///. Parallel lines intercept equal arcs on the same circumference. 
 67//. If two circles touch each other, either internally or externally, the 
 
 two centres and the point of contact will be on the same line. 
 
 8. Of Measurement of Angles. 
 
 1st. An angle having its vertex at the centre of a circle, is measured by 
 the arc included between its sides. 
 
 2d. An angle formed by a secant and a tangent, is measured by one- 
 half of the difference of the intercepted arcs. 
 
 3d. An angle formed by two chords which intersect, is measured by 
 half the sum of the included arcs. 
 
 4th. When two chords intersect each other in a circle, the rectangle 
 contained by the segments of the one, will be equal to the rectangle 
 contained by the segments of the other. 
 
 5///. If two secants intersect each other at right angles, the sum of their 
 squares, increased by the sum of the squares of the two segments 
 without the circle, will be equal to the square of the diameter of the 
 circle. 
 
 6th. The sums of the opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a 
 circle are equal. 
 
 9. Of the Circumference and Area of Circles. * 
 
 1st. The circumference of circles are as their radii, and their areas as 
 the squares of the radii. 
 
136 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 2d. The area of any circle is equal to the product of its radius by one- 
 half of its circumference. 
 
 yi. The areas of any two circles are to each other as the squares of 
 their diameters. 
 
 4///. When the radius of a circle is unity, its area and circumference 
 are numerically equal. 
 
 10. Of Planes and their Angles. 
 
 is/. If two Planes meet each other, their common points will be found 
 
 in, and form one straight line. 
 id. If a straight line is perpendicular to two straight lines of a plane at 
 
 the point of their intersection, it is perpendicular to the plane of those 
 
 lines. 
 yi. If two straight lines are perpendicular to the same plane, they will 
 
 be perpendicular to each other. 
 4///. The line which joins any point of a perpendicular to a plane, with 
 
 a point in which a line in the plane is intersected, at right angles, by 
 
 a line through the foot of the perpendicular, will be at right angles to 
 
 the line in the plane. 
 5///. If a plane meet two parallel planes, the lines of intersection are 
 
 parallel. 
 6///. If two straight lines be drawn in any direction through parallel 
 
 planes, the planes will cut the lines proportionately. 
 7///. Either of the three plane angles which form a triedral angle, is less 
 
 than the sum of the other two. 
 8///. The sum of the plane angles forming any polyedral angle, is less 
 
 than four right angles. 
 97//. If two solid angles are formed by three plane angles respectively 
 
 equal to each other, the planes which contain the equal angles will be 
 
 equally inclined to each other. 
 
 11. Of Solids. 
 
 \st. The convex surface of a right prism is equal to the perimeter of 
 
 the base multiplied by the altitude. 
 2d. If three plane faces bounding a solid angle of one prism, be equal 
 
 to the three plane faces bounding a solid angle of another, each to 
 
 each, and similarly disposed, the prisms will be equal. 
 2,d. The opposite faces of a parallelopipedon are equal and parallel. 
 4///. Two parallelopipedons having equal bases and equal altitudes are 
 
 equal. 
 5///. The volume of any parallelopipedon, and in general any prism, is 
 
 measured by the product of its base and altitude, or the product of 
 
 its three dimensions. 
 6/h. Similar triangular prisms are to each other as the cubes of their 
 
 like dimensions. 
 7///. The two triangular prisms into which any parallelopipedon is di- 
 vided, by a plane passing through its opposite diagonal edges, are 
 
 equal. 
 8/7/. The volume of any prism is measured by the product of the area 
 
 of its base and altitude. 
 
GEOMETRY. 1 37 
 
 12. Of the Pyramid, Cylinder, Cone, etc. 
 
 1st. The convex surface of a right pyramid is equal to the perimeter of 
 the base multiplied by one-half the slant height. 
 
 2d. If two triangular pyramids have equivalent bases, and equal alti- 
 tudes, they are equal in volume. 
 
 2)d. The volume of any pyramid is measured by one-third of the prod- 
 uct of its base and altitude. 
 
 \tli. The volume of a frustrum of a triangular pyramid is equal to the 
 sum of the volumes of three pyramids, whose common altitude is the 
 altitude of the frustrum, and whose bases are the lower base of the 
 frustrum, the upper base of the frustrum, and a mean proportional 
 between two bases. 
 
 5///. The volume of a cylinder is equal to the area of its base multiplied 
 by its altitude. 
 
 6t/i. The convex surface of a cylinder is equal to the circumference of 
 its base multiplied by its altitude. 
 
 jth. The volume of a cone is measured by the area of its base multi- 
 plied by one-third of its altitude. 
 
 8///. The convex surface of a frustrum of a cone is equal to one-half of 
 the sum of the circumferences of the upper and lower bases, multiplied 
 by the slant height. 
 
 9///. The volume of the frustrum of a cone is equivalent to the sum of 
 the volumes of three cones, having for their common altitude the 
 altitude of the frustrum, and for their several bases the bases of the 
 frustrum and a mean proportional between them. 
 
 \oth. The surface of a sphere is measured by the circumference of one 
 of its great circles multiplied by its diameter. 
 
 nt/i. If a regular semi-polygon be revolved about its axis, the surface 
 generated by the semi-perimeter, will be equal to the circumference 
 of the inscribed circle multiplied by the axis. 
 
 \2t/i. The volume of a sphere. is to the volume of the circumscribed 
 cylinder, as the surface of the sphere is to the surface of the cylinder. 
 
 13///. The volume of a sphere is equal to its surface multiplied by one- 
 third of its radius. 
 
 13. Of Spherical Geometry. 
 
 1st. Any side of a spherical triangle is less than the sum of the other two. 
 
 2d. Any side of a spherical polygon is less than the sum of the other 
 two. 
 
 yi. The sum of the sides of a spherical polygon is less than the circum- 
 ference of a great circle. 
 
 \tli. If from the vertices of the angles of a spherical triangle, as poles, 
 arcs be described forming a spherical triangle, the vertices of the an- 
 gle of the second triangle will be respectively poles of the sides of 
 the first. 
 
 5///. The sum of the angles of a spherical triangle is less than six right 
 angles and greater than two. 
 
 6th. If two triangles on the same, or on equal spheres, are mutually 
 equiangular, they are also equilateral. 
 
 yth. If two circumferences of great circles intersect on the surface of a 
 hemisphere, the sum of either two of the opposite triangles thus 
 
ns 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 formed is equal to a line whose angle is equal to that formed by the 
 circles. 
 8///. The area of a spherical polygon is equal to its spherical excess 
 multiplied by the tri-rectangular triangle. 
 
 I. Triangle. 
 
 fi 
 
 I 
 
 II. Parallelogram 
 
 III. Trapezoid 
 
 14. Mensuration. 
 
 The area of a triangle equals the base multiplied by 
 one-half the altitude ; or, 
 
 The square root extracted from the continued product 
 of the differences between each side, and the one-half of 
 the sum of the sides, multiplied by the half sum of the 
 sides. 
 
 \ The area of a parallelogram is equal to the product 
 
 I of the base by the altitude. 
 S The area of a trapezoid is equal to the product of the 
 
 I 
 
 IV. Trapezium. 
 
 V. Polygons. 
 
 s 
 
 fi 
 
 VI. Circle. 
 
 VII. Ellitse. 
 
 VIII. Prism. 
 
 IX. Pyramid. 
 
 altitude by one-half the sum of the parallel sides. 
 The area of a trapezium is equal to the sum of the 
 areas of the two triangles into which it may be di- 
 / vided. 
 
 1. The area of regular polygons is equal to the product 
 of one-half the perimeter multiplied by the perpendicu- 
 lar let fall from the centre on one of the sides. 
 
 2. The area of irregular polygons is equal to the sum of 
 the areas of the triangles into which the polygon may 
 be divided. 
 
 The area of a circle equals the diameter multiplied by 
 3.1416. 
 
 2. The length of an arc equals the number of degrees mul- 
 tiplied by the radius, and this product by .01745. 
 
 3. The area of a circle is equal to the circumference multi- 
 plied by one-fourth of the diameter, or the square of the 
 diameter multiplied by .7854. 
 
 4. The area of a sector is equal to the arc multiplied by 
 one-half the radius. 
 
 5. The area of a circular ring is equal to difference of the 
 squares of the radii multiplied by 3.1416. 
 
 6. The side of an inscribed square is equal to the diameter 
 multiplied by .7071, or, the circumference multiplied by 
 2251. 
 
 \ The area of an ellipse is equal to the product of half of 
 ( the two axes, multiplied by 3.1416. 
 
 1. The convex surface of a right prism is equal to the prod- 
 uct of the perimeter of the base by the altitude. 
 
 2. The entire surface equals the convex surface plus the 
 bases. 
 
 3. The contents of a prism equals the area of the base mul- 
 tiplied by the altitude. 
 
 1 1. The convex surface of a right pyramid is equal to the 
 neter of the base multiplied by one-half the slant 
 \ height. 
 
 i 2. The contents of a pyramid equals the base multiplied 
 I by one-third the altitude. 
 
GEl 'MKTKV. 
 
 *39 
 
 X. Cylinder. 
 
 XI. G:>xe. 
 
 XII. THE FRUSTRUM 
 
 XIII. Sphere. 
 
 XIV. Cylindrical rings 
 
 i. The convex surface of a cylinder equals the circumfer- 
 ence of the base multiplied by the altitude. 
 2. The contents of a cylinder equals the area of the base 
 multiplied by the altitude. 
 The surface of a cone equals the circumference of the base 
 into one-half of the slant height. 
 
 The contents of a cone equals the area of the base into 
 one-third of the altitude. 
 
 i . The surface of the frustrum of a pyramid or 
 cone equals the sum of the circumfere: 
 the two bases, multiplied by one-half the slant 
 height. 
 2. The contents of the frustrum of a pyramid or 
 cone, equals the square root of the product of 
 the two bases, plus the sum of the two bases, 
 and this multiplied by one-third of the altitude 
 of the frustrum. 
 The surface of a sphere equals the circumference mul- 
 tiplied by the diameter, or. 
 
 The square of the radius multiplied by 4 and 3.1416. 
 The surface of a zone equals the height of the zone 
 multiplied by the circumference of a great circle of the 
 phere. 
 
 The contents of a sphere equals the surface multiplied 
 by one-third of the radius, or. 
 The cube of the diameter multiplied by £ of 3. 141 6. 
 
 ;' The surface of a cylindrical ring equals the 
 thickness of the ring plus the inner diam- 
 eter, multiplied by the thickness of the 
 [ ring, and this multiplied by 9.8696. 
 
SECTION XXI. 
 
 TRIGONOMETRY. 
 
 I. Terms. 
 
 II. Principles. 
 
 III. Theorems. } 
 
 Plane Trigonometry. 
 
 Solution. 
 
 Quadrant. 
 
 Complement. 
 
 Supplement. 
 
 6. Sine. 
 
 7. Cosine. 
 
 8. Tangent. 
 
 9. Cotangent. 
 
 0. Secant. 
 
 1. Cosecant. 
 [ 1. The sine of an arc equals the sine of its supplement, 
 
 and also the cosine of an arc equals the cosine of its 
 supplement. 
 
 The tangent and cotangent of an arc are respectively 
 equal to the tangent and cotangent of the supplement 
 of the arc. 
 
 The secant and cosecant of an arc are respectively 
 equal to the secant and cosecant of the supplement 
 of the arc. 
 
 The sum of the sines of any two arcs is to the dif- 
 ference of the same sines, as the tangent of one-half 
 the sum of the same arcs is to the tangent of one-half 
 of their difference. 
 
 In any plane triangle, the sides are proportional to 
 the sines of the opposite angles. 
 
 In any plane triangle, if a line is drawn from the ver- 
 tical angle perpendicular to the base, then the whole 
 base will be to the sum of the other two sides as the 
 difference of those sides is to the difference of the 
 segments of the base. 
 
 The hypotenuse is to either side, as the radius is to 
 the sine of the angle opposite to that side. 
 
 5. One side of a right-angle triangle is to the other side, 
 as the radius is to the tangent of the angle adjacent 
 to the first side. 
 
 6. One side of a right-angle triangle is to the hypote- 
 nuse, as the radius is to the secant of the angle adja- 
 cent to that side. 
 
 ( 1. Any two sides of a spherical trian- 
 < gle are together greater than the 
 ( third side. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 IV. Spherical trigonometry. 
 
TRIGONOMETRY. 
 
 141 
 
 IV. Spherical trigonometry 
 
 V. Oblique-angled. 
 
 VI. Practical principles. 
 
 ' 2. The sum of the three sides of any 
 spherical triangle, is less than the 
 circumference of a great circle. 
 
 3. In any right-angled spherical tri- 
 angle, the sine of one side is to the 
 tangent of the other side, as the ra- 
 dius is to the tangent of the angle 
 adjacent to the first mentioned side. 
 
 4. In any right-angled spherical tri- 
 angle, the sine of the right angle is 
 to the sine of the hypotenuse, as 
 the sine of either of the other an- 
 gles is to the sine of side opposite 
 to that angle. 
 
 In all spherical triangles, the sines of the sides 
 are to each other as the sines of the angles op- 
 posite to them. 
 
 If from any angle of a spherical triangle, a 
 perpendicular be let fall on the base, or on the 
 base produced, the tangents of the segments 
 of the base will be reciprocally proportional to 
 the cotangents of the segments of the angle. 
 The game construction remaining, the sines of 
 the segments of the base are to each other as 
 the cotangents of the adjacent angles. 
 The cosine of any of the angles of a spherical 
 triangle, is equal to the product of the sines of 
 the other two angles multiplied by the cosine 
 of the included side, minus the product of the 
 cosines of these other two angles. 
 
 1 . The sine of the sides of spherical trian- 
 gles are proportional to the sines of 
 their opposite angles. 
 The sines of the segments of the base, 
 made by a perpendicular from the op- 
 posite angle, are proportional to the co- 
 tangents of their adjacent angles. 
 The cosines of the angles at the base 
 are proportional to the sines of the cor- 
 responding segments of the vertical an- 
 gle. 
 
 The cosines of the segments of the ver- 
 tical angle are proportional to the co- 
 tangents of the adjoining sides of the 
 trianele. 
 
 4- 
 
SECTION XXII. 
 
 ASTRONOMY. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— DEFINITIONS, ETC 
 
 13- 
 4- 
 
 I. Terms. -! 
 
 i. Extension 
 
 2. Line. 
 
 3. Point. 
 
 4. Surface. 
 
 5. Circle. 
 
 6. Plane. 
 
 7. Tangent. 
 
 Semicircle. 
 
 Angle. 
 
 Parallels. 
 
 Ellipse. 
 
 Axis. 
 
 Eccentricity 
 
 Sphere. 
 
 5 J" 
 
 15. Spheroid. 
 
 II. The heavenly bodies 
 
 III. The sun. 
 
 Great. 
 Small. 
 Poles. 
 
 IV. The planets. 
 
 1. Straight. 
 
 2. Curved. 
 Diameter. 
 Circumference. 
 Radius. 
 Arc. 
 
 1. Angle of vision. 
 
 2. Right Angle. 
 
 3. Acute Angle. 
 
 4. Obtuse Angle. 
 
 5. Triangle. 
 
 I 1. Diameter, 
 
 j 2. Hemisphere. 
 
 3. Radius. 
 
 4. Circle. 
 
 1. Oblate. ( 3. 
 
 2. Prolate. 
 
 f 1. Apparent motions. 
 j 2. Primary Planets. 
 I 3. Secondary Planets. 
 
 ■[ 4. Stars. 
 
 Comets. 
 
 Luminous. 
 
 Opaque. 
 
 f 1. Mercury. 
 
 I 2. Venus. 
 
 I 3. Earth. 
 
 j 4. .Mars. 
 
 1 5- Jupiter. 
 
 j 6. Saturn. 
 
 I 7. Uranus. 
 
 I 8. Neptune. 
 ,,. „, . \ i. Asteroids. 
 Minor Planets. 2 Planetoids . 
 
 grf'f '«■ S 1. Centrifugal. 
 
 Aphelion. 
 Ascending nodes. 
 Descending nodes. 
 
 5- 
 
 I 6 - 
 17- 
 
 I. Primary. 
 
ASTRONOMY. 
 
 143 
 
 IV. The planets. 
 
 9. Distance from sun. 
 
 10. Time to make revolution. 
 
 11. Velocity. Conjunction . 
 
 12. Axis. ! f. \ . 
 
 i-k Aspect ' 2 - Q uadrat . ure - 
 J " r • j 3. Opposition. 
 
 [4. Elongation. 
 
 1. Inferior. 
 
 2. Superior. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— PLANETS IN THEIR ORDER. 
 
 I. The earth. 
 
 1. Poles. 
 
 2. Latitude 
 
 3. Longitude. 
 
 4. Horizon. 
 
 North. 
 South. 
 -Parallels. 
 — Meridians. 
 Sensible. 
 The Dip. 
 Rational. 
 Poles. 
 
 J I- 
 
 Zenith. 
 \ 2. Nadir. 
 
 ~. , , . • \ 1. Diurnal. 
 
 5. Circles of motzon. j 2 NocturnaL 
 
 6. Circles of perpetual apparition. 
 
 7. Circles of perpetual occultation. 
 
 Parallax. 
 9. Refraction. 
 
 o. Apparent motions of the 
 Sun and Stars from earth. 
 
 fl. 
 
 1 1 . Z>^_y a;z<f nig Jit. 
 
 12. Seasons. 
 
 \i. 
 
 3- 
 4- 
 
 Cause. 
 Names 
 
 Ecliptic or Equinoctial. 
 
 2. Obliquity of Ecliptic. 
 
 3. Vernal Equinox. 
 
 4. Autumnal. 
 
 5. Right ascension. 
 
 6. Signs of Ecliptic. 
 
 7. Zodiac. 
 
 T • ) 1. Of Cancer. 
 
 ' 2. Of Capricorn. 
 
 1. Arctic. 
 
 2. Antarctic. 
 
 Polar circles 
 
 Twilight. 
 
 Dawn. 
 
 Spring. 
 Summer. 
 Autumn. 
 Winter. 
 
 II. The sun. 
 
 i 1. Frigid. 
 
 13. Zones, -j 2. Temperate. 
 
 ( 3. Torrid. 
 
 14. Shape and size. 
 ' 1. Solar day. 
 
 2. Mean solar day. 
 
 15. Time. \ 3. Equation of time. 
 4. Sidereal year. 
 
 I 5. Tropical year. 
 ( 1. Distance from earth (95,000,000 miles). 
 < 2. Apparent diameter (852,900 miles). 
 ( 3. Figure (sphere). 
 
144 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 II. The sun. 
 
 „, { i. Appearance. 
 
 4. The spots. , 2 _ v ^ iabmty . 
 
 1 1: 
 
 I 7- 
 
 III. The moon. 
 
 Rotation (251 days). 
 Revolution. 
 Zodiacal light. 
 
 1. Perigee. 
 
 2. Apogee. 
 Diameter (2162 miles). 
 Phases. 
 
 Synodical period (29^ days) 
 Harvest moon. 
 The Polar regions. 
 Moonlight in winter. 
 Rotation {2J\ days). 
 Luna/- orbit. 
 Librations of moon. 
 Position of Lunar axis. 
 Lunar m n n I a in s. 
 Irregular motion. 
 
 \ 1. Solar. 
 
 / 2. Lunar. 
 
 S 1. Length (228,000 miles) 
 
 1 2. Breadth (128 miles). 
 \ 1. Flood. 
 I 2. Ebb. 
 
 3- 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 8. 
 
 9- 
 10. 
 1 1. 
 
 12. 
 
 •3- 
 
 14. 
 
 i5- 
 
 16. 
 
 Copernicus. 
 
 Height of mountains. 
 
 Eclipses. 
 Shadow. 
 
 1 7. Tides. 
 
 1. Diameter (3000 miles). 
 
 2. Rotation (24 hours). 
 
 r, ... \ :. Sidereal (88 days). 
 
 3. Revolution. 
 
 IV. Mercury 
 
 \ 1. 
 
 Limits. 
 
 Time of occurrence. 
 
 V. Venus. 
 
 VI. Mars. 
 
 j * "««"<"""»■ ) 2 . Synodic (i 16 days). 
 
 Elongation (28^°). 
 
 Light and heat. 
 
 Seasons. 
 
 Transits. 
 /Liases. 
 
 Diameter (7510). 
 Mountains. 
 Rotation (23 hours). 
 n , .. \ 1. Sidereal (224! days). 
 
 ST"' * - s ^ dic <*«* d ^>- 
 
 Transits. 
 Apparent motion. 
 Phases. 
 
 Apparent motions. 
 Inclination. 
 Diameter (4300 miles). 
 Rotation (24A hours). 
 
 ~\ 1. Sidereal (687 days), 
 j 2. Synodic (780 days). 
 
 6. Revolution 
 
 7. Satellites. 
 1 1. Diameter (85,000). 
 
 VII Jupiter. • 2 - dotation (10 hours nearly). 
 I 3. Revolution. 
 
 ) 1. Sidereal (4332 days). 
 \ 2. Synodic (399 days). 
 
ASTRONOMY. 
 
 145 
 
 vii. Jupiter. £ — ; 
 
 f 4. Oblatcncss ("5000). 
 ;. Velocity {yxx> miles in minute). 
 
 VIII. Saturn. 
 
 IX. Uranus. 
 
 X. Neptune. 
 
 7. Satellites. 
 
 1. 2300 miles. 
 
 2. 2070 miles. 
 j 3. 3400 miles. 
 [ 4. 2900 miles. 
 
 3. Revolution. 
 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 
 6. &7/;. 
 
 7. Rings. 
 
 .8. Satellites. 
 
 \ 1. Their Number. 
 / 2. Their Diameters. 
 Inclination. 
 
 Rotation ! ic4 hours). 
 
 j 1. Sidereal (10,759 days, or, 29J years). 
 ) 2. Synodical (378 days). 
 
 4. Diameter (74.000). 
 
 5. Oblateness (7S00). 
 f 1. Interior. 
 
 Anterior. 
 Rotation. 
 Stability. 
 Appearance. 
 
 1. Mimas. 
 
 2. Enceladus. 
 
 3. Tethys. 
 |. Dione. 
 5. Rhea. 
 
 I 6. Titan. 
 I 7. Hyperion. 
 8. Japetus. 
 Eccentricity (82,000,000 miles). 
 Inclination (464'). 
 Diameter (33.2471. 
 Rotation ( unknown). 
 
 \ 1. Sidereal (30,687 days). 
 I 2. Synodic (369.65 days). 
 
 1. Ariel. 
 
 2. Umbriel. 
 
 3. Titania. 
 
 4. Oberon. 
 Eccentricity (24,000,000 miles). 
 Inclination ( if : ). 
 Diameter (37.000). 
 
 n , .. | 1. Sidereal (60,127 days). 
 £S£r 1- Synodic Uidaysi 
 
 Revolution. 
 
 1 6. Satellites. 
 
 CHAPTER III.— MINOR PLANETS, COMETS, ETC. 
 
 ' 1. Average distance from sun (260,000,000). 
 
 2. Inclination of their orbits. 
 
 3. Eccentricity. 
 
 4. Largest (Pallas). 
 
 5. Brightest (Vestor). 
 
 6. Faintest (Atalanta). 
 
 7. Their natural attraction. 
 
 8. Affected motions. 
 L 9. Their masses. 
 
 I. Minor planets. 
 
1 4-6 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 II. Comets. 
 
 «.!. Parabolas. 
 
 2. Hyperbolas. 
 
 3. Elements. 
 
 4. Elliptic comets. 
 
 5. The number {From 4000 to 5000). 
 
 6. Their size. 
 
 7. Masses and densities. 
 
 8. Tails. 
 
 III. Meteo rs 
 
 AND STARS. 
 
 IV. Nebula. 
 
 fi 
 
 Remarkab I e 
 
 Comets. 
 
 1. Meteors. 
 
 \ 1 
 
 Of 1680 (Tail 120,000,000 miles). 
 Halley's Comet. 
 
 3. Lexell's Comet. 
 
 4. Comet of 1774 (six tails). 
 
 5. Biela's Comet. 
 
 6. Comet of 181 1 (Tail 25 long and C 
 wide). 
 
 7. Donati's Comet. 
 
 8. Comet of 1861 (Tail ioo° 
 Meteoric epochs. 
 
 long). 
 
 I 2. Fire Balls. 
 1. Annual Parallax. 
 
 fi 
 
 2. Stars. 
 
 9- 
 10. 
 1 1. 
 
 6. 
 
 I 
 
 2. Magnitudes. 
 
 3. Constellations. 
 
 4. Star names. 
 
 5. Star figures. 
 
 6. Apparent places 
 
 7. Solar Nutation. 
 
 8. Aberration. 
 Galaxy. 
 
 Proper motion of stars 
 Multiple stars. 
 
 tv I 1. Orbits. 
 
 12. Binary. j 2 PeriodSi 
 
 13. Constitution of stars. 
 
 14. Variable stars. 
 
 15. Clusters. 
 
 1. Distance. 
 
 2. Elliptic. 
 
 3. Annular. 
 
 4. Spiral. 
 
 5. Planetary. 
 
 6. Stellar. 
 
 7. Nebulous. 
 
 8. Irregular Nebula. 
 
 9. Double Nebula. 
 10. Variable Nebula. 
 
 Sirius. 
 Regulus. 
 An turus. 
 
 Whole number ( 109). 
 
 Northern Constella- 
 tion. 
 
 Zodiacal Conste 1 1 a- 
 tion. 
 
 Southern Constella- 
 tion. 
 
SECTION XXIII. 
 
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION, 
 ART OF TEACHING. 
 
 OR THE 
 
 CHAPTER I.— LANGUAGE AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE. 
 
 1. Should teach to exercise the senses. 
 
 2. Should teach to speak correctly. 
 
 3. Pupils should be inspired to seek for knowledge. 
 
 4. The teaching should be such as would inspire a 
 love for the good and the true. 
 
 5. The elements of the Arts should be taught. 
 C 1. Their design. 
 
 The matter for lesson. 
 Preparation for lesson. 
 Manner of conducting les- 
 son. 
 
 I. The elements 
 
 OF KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 Should teach 
 Object lessons. 
 
 by 
 
 II. Instructions 
 
 IN LANGUAGE. 
 
 Prim a ry 
 Reading. 
 
 1. Taught from books. 
 
 2. Taught from cards. 
 ) 3. Taught from black- 
 board. 
 
 4. T a u g h t from 
 blocks. 
 
 1. Names of 'pictures. 
 
 2. Names of words. 
 
 3. Names of letters. 
 The alphabetic method. 
 Phonic alphabetic method. 
 
 2. Pronunciation. { 3. Phonetic alphabetic method. 
 I 4. By Association. 
 [ 5. Eclective method. 
 f 1. Oral spelling. 
 I 2. Writing on slates. 
 Orthography. I 3. Writing on blackboards. 
 I 4. Poor spelling. 
 [ 5. Dictation exercises. 
 
 \ 1. Articulation. 
 
 The A, B, 
 
 C, Method. 
 
 The Word 
 Method. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 u. 
 
 Re a ding 
 
 as an Art. 
 
 Modu- 
 lation. 
 
 1. Pitch. 
 
 2. Force. 
 
 Accent. 
 
 1. Low. 
 
 2. Medium. 
 
 3. High. 
 
 1. Loud. 
 
 2. Moderate. 
 
 3. Gentle, 
 
148 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 '4. Reading 
 as an Art. 
 
 II. INSTRUCTI O N S 
 JN LANGUAGE. 
 
 r 2 ' 
 
 I 3 
 4 
 
 5^ 
 
 Modu- \ 3. Oual- 
 lation. I ity. 
 Expression. 
 Posture. 
 
 Pure. 
 Orotund. 
 
 Guttural. 
 Aspirated. 
 Pectoral. 
 Tremulous. 
 
 Analyze 
 Subject. 
 
 5. Gram- 
 mar. 
 
 Parts of 
 speech. 
 
 2. Build 
 
 tences. 
 
 6. Rheto- 
 ric. 
 
 S 1 
 
 Dis- 
 course. 
 
 Gesture. ( 1. Prominent words. 
 I 2. Define words. 
 I 3. Define sentences. 
 
 4. Explain language. 
 
 5. Explain marks. 
 (). Bring out sentiment. 
 7. Give manner of de- 
 livery. 
 
 I 8. Tell why. 
 
 Begin at verbs. 
 
 Nouns. 
 
 Adjectives. 
 
 Adverbs. 
 
 Pronouns. 
 
 Preposition. 
 
 Conjunction. 
 
 Interjection. 
 
 1. Use words. 
 
 2. Phrases. 
 
 3. Clauses. 
 
 4. Give subject. 
 
 5. Give predicate. 
 ' 1. Adjective. 
 
 2. Adverbial. 
 
 3. Indepen- 
 dent. 
 
 4. Connectives. 
 Orations. 
 Lectures. 
 
 I 3. Essays. 
 1 4. Fictions. 
 I 5. Narratives. 
 [6. Letters. 
 
 f 1. Epic. 
 
 I 2. Lyric. 
 
 I 3. Pastoral. 
 
 4. Didactic. 
 
 5. Dramatic. 
 
 6. Satires. 
 ' I. Purity. 
 
 2. Propriety. 
 
 3. Precision. 
 
 4. Perspicuity. 
 
 5. Strength. 
 
 6. Euphony. 
 
 7. Harmony. 
 
 8. Unity. 
 
 Ele- 
 ments. 
 
 1. Prose 
 
 2. Poetry 
 
 Oualities 
 of Dis- 
 course. 
 
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 
 
 149 
 
 III. Geography. 
 
 IV. History. 
 
 \ 1. 
 [2. 
 
 r 6. Rheto 
 ric. 
 
 Dis- 
 course. 
 
 Stvle 
 D i s- 
 
 course. 
 
 of 
 
 Dry. 
 
 Plain. 
 
 Neat. 
 
 Elegant. 
 
 Florid. 
 
 Simple. 
 
 Labored. 
 
 Concise. 
 
 Nervous. 
 
 II. Instructions 
 
 IN LANGUAGE. 
 
 Compo- 
 sition. 
 
 7. Logic. 
 
 3- 
 
 f 1. Teach conversation upon 
 familiar subjects. 
 
 2. Reproduce reading les- 
 sons. 
 
 3. Write about familiar sub- 
 jects. 
 
 4. "Write from dictation ex- 
 ercises. 
 
 5. Correct faulty sentences. 
 
 6. Reproduce narratives read 
 by teacher. 
 
 7. Assign simple subjects. 
 v 8. Teach higher composition. 
 
 Teach its definitions and use. 
 Teach its inductions. 
 Teach its demonstrations. 
 ( 4. Teach its applications. 
 
 1. Teach familiar objects in school-room. 
 
 2. Teach similar objects around school premises. 
 Z Teach similar objects at a distance. 
 
 4. Teach the measure of distance by objects at differ- 
 ent points in the room. 
 
 5. Enlarge upon distance from school-room to places 
 in the neighborhood. 
 
 6 Expand to different places in the District. 
 
 7 Go from one inch, to one foot, then the number ot 
 feet in a mile, and to the whole distance from place 
 to place. ,. 
 
 8. Teach direction, first in the room, after, as distance 
 
 9. Teach from maps and globes. 
 
 10. Teach geographical terms. 
 
 1 1 . Teach township geography. 
 
 1 2. Teach map drawing. 
 
 13. Teach particular geography. 
 
 14. Teach the earth as a whole. 
 
 15. Teach the form and size of the earth. 
 
 16. Teach the motions of the earth. 
 
 17. Physical construction of the earth. 
 iS. Plants, animals, and minerals. 
 
 19. Political geography. 
 
 20. The Earth as a planet. 
 
 21. Its relation to the other heavenly bodies. 
 Teach familiar facts. 
 
 Teach that any fact is history. 
 
i5o 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 f 3. Teach that facts compiled make history. 
 
 4. Have pupils repeat facts. 
 J 5. Teach strong facts. 
 I 6. Teach interesting facts. 
 I 7. Inspire a love for history. 
 IV. HISTORY, -j 8. Then show how facts connected makeup the contin- 
 uous history of the country. 
 I 9. Don't dwell upon dates, except the very important. 
 
 10. Teach the relation existing between facts. 
 
 11. Teach contemporaneous history. 
 
 12. Teach the philosophy of history. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— MATHEMATICS AND ART. 
 
 r I . Elementary. 
 
 I. Arithmetic. 
 
 [ 1. Teach to count ; Blackboard ex- 
 ercises in counting marks, etc. 
 
 2. Teach to make figures. 
 
 3. Teach to write numbers by fig- 
 ures. 
 
 4. Teach to read numbers. 
 
 5. Teach to add numbers. 
 
 6. Teach to subtract numbers, 
 
 7. Teach to multiply numbers. 
 
 8. Teach to divide numbers. 
 
 9. Teach principles of Addition, Sub- 
 traction, etc. 
 
 10. Be thorough in teaching princi- 
 ples. 
 
 11. Teach the combination of num- 
 bers. 
 
 12. Teach practical problems in the 
 four rules. 
 
 13. Apply their knowledge to every- 
 day business. 
 
 I 1. Teach the relation of numbers to 
 numbers. 
 
 2. Teach the relation of numbers to 
 fractions. 
 
 3. Teach the relation of fractions to 
 numbers. 
 
 4. Teach the relation of fractions to 
 fractions. 
 
 5. Teach factoring. 
 
 6. Teach Common Divisor. 
 
 7. Teach Common Multiple. 
 
 8. Drill thorough on these principles. 
 1 1. Teach them orally. 
 
 - 3. Fractions. • 2. They are only concrete numbers, the 
 denominator naming the object. 
 
 Relation of 
 numbers. 
 
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 
 
 151 
 
 I. Arithmetic. 
 
 3. Fractions. 
 
 4. Decimals, -j o' 
 
 5. Denominate 
 
 Numbers. 
 
 . Ratio and 
 Proportion. 
 
 1. Up. 
 
 2. Down. 
 
 3. The different kinds. 
 
 4. The methods of operation. 
 
 5. Teach the principles. 
 
 6. Teach them practically, or written. 
 
 7. Teach pupils to form problems em- 
 bracing simple fractions. 
 
 8. Give plenty of practical problems out- 
 side of the book. 
 
 9. Teach application of rules as de- 
 rived from solutions. 
 
 1. Teach to write decimals. 
 
 2. Be thorough on the place of point. 
 
 3. Teach to read decimals. 
 
 4. Teach to add decimals. 
 
 5. Teach to subtract decimals. 
 
 6. Teach to multiply decimals. 
 Teach to divide decimals. 
 The principles. 
 
 9. The application of decimals to Uni- 
 ted States money. 
 
 10. Their application to per cent., etc. 
 
 11. Teach reduction to common frac- 
 tions, and vice versa. 
 
 12. Practical problems. 
 
 1. Reduction. 
 
 2. Addition. 
 
 3. Subtraction. 
 
 4. Multiplication. 
 
 5. Division. 
 
 6. Applications to every-day business. 
 
 7. Principles of relation between dif- 
 ferent tables. 
 
 1. Teach the relation between this, and 
 Multiplication and Division. 
 
 2. Apply relation of numbers. 
 
 3. Teach principles. 
 
 4. Make practical problems. [ness. 
 
 5. Apply principles as proof of correct- 
 
 6. Apply rules to solutions, 
 f 1. Teach the terms used. 
 
 Teach the principles. 
 Teach the formulas. 
 Teach the applications. 
 Teach the solution of problems. 
 Teach the application of rules. 
 Alligation. — The same as proportion. 
 
 I 1 . First. 
 
 1. Teach quantities. I 2. Second. 
 
 2. Principles. 3. Number 
 
 3. Explain the terms. \ terms. 
 
 4. Appli cation to 4. Last term, 
 practical problems. 5. Common differ 
 
 ence, 
 
 Percent a g e, J 3. 
 Interest, etc. 4. 
 5- 
 
 Progres 
 si on. 
 
 of 
 
152 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 f 10. Involution. 
 ii. Evolution. 
 
 I. Arithmetic. 
 
 \ I. The principles. 
 
 \ 2. Demonstrations. 
 
 i i. Principles 
 
 J 2 
 
 [ 12. Mensuration. 
 
 Demonstra- \ 
 tions. "j 
 
 1. Principles. 
 
 2. Terms. 
 
 3. Figures. 
 
 4. Applications. 
 
 Square Root. 
 Cube Root. 
 
 Teach symbols. 
 Teach the idea. 
 . Teach the solution of problems. 
 
 4. Teach equations. 
 
 5. Teach the principles. 
 
 6. Teach general applications. 
 
 1. Teach the forms of figures. 
 
 2. Theorems. 
 
 3. Practical applications. 
 
 4. Demonstrations of problems. 
 
 1. Teach conception of letters. 
 
 2. Teach parts of letters. 
 
 3. Teach formation of letters. 
 
 4. Teach words. 
 
 5. Teach sentences. 
 Form straight lines. 
 Form curved lines. 
 Make forms from straight lines. 
 Make forms from curved lines. 
 
 V. Drawing. ■[ q. Imitation of objects. 
 Invent forms. 
 Copy pictures of objects. 
 Draw pictures from memory. 
 9. Draw real objects from memory. 
 
 II. Algebra. 
 
 III. Geometry. 
 
 IV. Art, penmanship. 
 
 fi. 
 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 
SECTION XXIV. 
 
 SCIENCE OF TEACHING, OR 
 MANAGEMENT. 
 
 SCHOOL 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 -SCHOOL GRADES, STUDIES, FURNITURE AND 
 APPARATUS. 
 
 I. School grades. 
 
 I. Reasons for J 
 grading. ' 5. 
 6. 
 7- 
 
 Miiitner of 
 eradiiiif. 
 
 . 3. Number of grades. 
 
 f 1. To concentrate teaching force. 
 
 2. To lessen the expense of teach- 
 ing. 
 
 3. To secure the greatest good. 
 
 4. To facilitate labor. 
 To promote good order. 
 To stimulate pupils to excel. 
 To provide higher instruction. 
 To provide schools to educate 
 
 children at home. 
 Union grade. 
 Separate grades. 
 
 By central, high- school, and town- 
 ship primaries. 
 
 f 1. Primary. 
 
 ) 2. Intermediate. 
 
 1 3. Grammar. 
 
 I 4. High school. 
 
 Grammar. 
 
 II. School 
 
 STUDIES. 
 
 i. High 
 
 Schools. 
 
 S\ 
 
 2. Rhetoric. 
 
 4- 
 
 Language 
 
 ( 3. Logic 
 
 Physical Science. 
 Mathematical Science 
 Mental Science. 
 Moral Science. 
 Vocal Music. , 
 
 1. Grammar 
 
 Schools. 
 
 3. Intermediate. 
 
 . Higher Arithme- 
 tic. 
 :. Algebra. 
 ;. Geometry. 
 I 4. Trigono met ry, 
 [ etc. 
 Grammar. 
 Language. -? 2. Elements of Rhetoric. 
 Reading, r 3. Literature. 
 Elements of the Sciences. 
 
 C 1. Arithmetic. 
 Mathematics. < 
 Penmanship. ( 
 Drawing. 
 
 [" 1. Elements of Geography. 
 J 2. Language. 
 
 3. Elements of Arithmetic. 
 
 4. Penmanship. 
 
 Elements of Higher 
 Arithmetic. 
 
154 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 1 1 . SCH O O L 
 STUDIES. 
 
 3. Intermediate. 
 
 4. Primary, 
 
 III. Furniture. 
 
 IV. Apparatus. 
 
 1 3- 
 
 u 
 
 ( 5. Drawing. 
 < 6. Reading. 
 
 ( 7. Spelling. 
 Object teaching. 
 Oral teaching. 
 Reading. 
 Spelling. 
 
 1. Geography. 
 
 2. Language. 
 
 3. Composition. 
 
 4. Arithmetic. 
 
 1. Desks. 
 
 2. 
 
 J 3- 
 
 ! 4- 
 I 5- 
 16. 
 
 2. J Vat form. 
 
 Number of desks. 
 Size of desks. 
 Arrangement of desks. 
 Teacher's desk. 
 Ink table or desk. 
 Kind of desks. 
 
 Position. 
 
 Size. 
 
 Height. 
 
 Size. 
 
 Position. 
 
 Use. 
 
 ;■ 
 
 3. Blackboard. 
 
 4. Clock. 
 
 5. Call bell. 
 
 6. Umbrella-stand. 
 
 7. Hat-rack. 
 
 8. Settees for visitors. 
 
 9. Chairs. 
 
 10. Brooms and Brushes. 
 
 1. Elementary chart. 
 
 2. Writing and drawing charts 
 
 3. Numerical frames. 
 
 4. Square and Cubical blocks. 
 ;. Globes. 
 
 6. Outline maps and charts. 
 
 7. Philosophical apparatus. 
 
 8. Cabinets. 
 
 9. Libraries. 
 
 10. Dictionary. 
 
 11. Bible. 
 
 12. Receptacle for these things. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— ORGANIZATION OF SCHOOL. 
 
 I. Temporary. 
 
 19- 
 
 See the citizens with respect to school 
 
 See your predecessor. 
 
 Have a first day's programme. 
 
 Temporary seating. 
 
 Fix opening and closing time. 
 
 Fix recess hours. 
 
 Fix arrangement for privileges. 
 
 Regulate whispering. 
 
 Make regulations for exercise. 
 
SCIENCE OF TEACHING. 
 
 155 
 
 II. Permanent. 
 
 1. Fix the branches to be taught. 
 
 2. Fix the branches to be studied by individuals. 
 
 3. Arrange for the use of text books. 
 
 4. Arrange for oral teaching. 
 
 5. Arrange for classification. 
 
 6. Arrange a time for study. 
 
 7. Arrange a time for recitation. 
 
 8. Arrange a good programme. 
 
 9. See what pupils to be admitted. 
 
 10. Fix the limits of the school. 
 
 11. Fix the length of the day. 
 
 12. Fix the length of the recess. 
 
 13. Fix the time for closing. 
 
 14. Arrange for calling and dismissing classes. 
 
 15. Arrange for granting special privileges. 
 
 16. Arrange for giving special aid to pupils. 
 
 17. Arrange for general business. 
 
 18. Arrange for exercise of discipline. 
 
 CHAPTER III.— EMPLOYMENT OF SCHOOL. 
 
 f 1 . Object of study. 
 
 2. Incentives to study. 
 
 I. Study. 
 
 3. Manner of study. 
 
 1. To gain knowledge. 
 
 2. For mental discipline. 
 
 3. To stimulate pupils to aspirations for 
 the true and noble. 
 
 4. To create efficiency in pupils, 
 f 1. Prizes. 
 
 2. Merit marks. 
 
 3. Emulation. 
 
 4. Fear of punishment. 
 
 5. Shame. 
 
 6. Ridicule. 
 
 7. Approval of teacher. 
 
 8. Approval of parents. 
 
 9. Approval of society. 
 
 10. To gain honorable positions in 
 school and elsewhere. 
 
 11. Desire for knowledge. 
 
 12. The hope of success in life. 
 
 1. Should have an object. 
 
 2. Should notice facts. 
 
 3. Should write down facts. 
 
 4. Compare facts. 
 
 5. Classify facts. 
 
 6. Should make a generalization of 
 facts. 
 
 7. Should learn to distinguish universal 
 facts and principles. 
 
 8. Should seek for the particular prin- 
 ciple. 
 
i 5 6 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 I. Study. - 
 
 3. Manner of study 
 
 fi 
 
 4. Character of 
 
 the student. 
 
 f 1 . The Objects 
 
 II. Recitation. 
 
 9. Skould demonstrate the principles. 
 
 10. Should begin at the elements. 
 
 11. Should pursue a logical order. 
 
 12. Should study one thing at a time. 
 
 13. Should study to understand. 
 
 14. Should review constantly. 
 I 1 5. Converse about what you study. 
 They must have a desire to learn. 
 
 2. They must have a high ideal. 
 
 3. They must rely upon themselves. 
 
 4. They must persevere. 
 
 5. They must concentrate their mental 
 forces. 
 
 6. They must cultivate accuracy. 
 
 7. They must have patience. 
 
 8. They must continue to the end. 
 [9. They must not be proud. 
 
 1. To estimate pupils' progress. 
 
 2. For pupils to express their knowl- 
 edge of the subject. 
 
 3. To create self-confidence. 
 4.. To fix facts in the mind. 
 
 5. For the teacher to illustrate. 
 
 6. For the teacher to add new matter. 
 
 7. To receive moral instructions. 
 
 8. To acquire fluency of speech. 
 
 1. A proper place. 
 
 2. Necessary apparatus. 
 
 3. Perfect order. 
 
 4. Sufficient time. 
 
 5. Close attention. 
 
 6. Thorough knowledge 
 subject by the teacher. 
 
 7. Hooks for reference. 
 By lecturing, or orally. 
 by the conversational method. 
 By the topical method. 
 By the catechetical method. 
 The questions should be defi 
 
 2. Requisites necessary. 
 
 of 
 
 3. Manner of con- 
 di/t ting tlie rec- 
 itation. 
 
 6. The questions should be adapt- 
 ed to the capacity of the pupils. 
 
 7. They should be logical. 
 
 8. They should be exhaustive. 
 
 9. They should be concise. 
 
 10. They should be clear. 
 
 11. They should not be direct. 
 
 12. Thev should be adapted to the 
 subject. 
 
 13. They should be in proper lan- 
 guage. 
 
 14. The pupil should take a good 
 position. 
 
SCIENCE OF TEACHING. 
 
 \S7 
 
 '3. Manner 0/ con- 
 ducting the rec- 
 itation. 
 
 II. Recitation. • 
 
 4. Prepara- 
 tion for 
 Recitation. 
 
 III. Exercise. 
 
 1. 
 2. 
 3- 
 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 
 Necessity for exercise. 
 Time for exercise. 
 Proper place for exercise 
 Manner of exercise. 
 The teacher during exercise. 
 
 1 5. The pupil should answer only 
 what asked. 
 
 16. The answer should cover the 
 whole question. 
 
 17. The answer should be correct. 
 
 18. The answer should be logical. 
 
 19. The answer should be under- 
 stood. 
 
 20. The answer should suit the 
 question. 
 
 2 1 . The answer should be concise. 
 
 22. The answer should be founded 
 on authority. 
 
 23. The answer may be in concert. 
 
 24. The answer may be written. 
 
 25. Errors should be corrected by 
 the pupils. 
 
 26. Errors should be corrected by 
 the teacher. 
 
 1. Must study lesson. 
 
 2. Must study the answer. 
 
 1. By the ; 3. Must study gracefulness 
 Pupil, j of position. 
 
 4. Must cultivate a liking for 
 instruction. 
 
 1. Must familiarize him- 
 self with lesson. 
 
 2. Arrange lesson into 
 parts. 
 
 3. Prepare proper ques- 
 tions. 
 
 4. Arrange a plan of 
 recitation. 
 
 5. Prepare illustrations. 
 
 6. Prepare apparatus. 
 
 7. Must prepare his per- 
 son to appear respect- 
 ablv before class. 
 
 By Teach- 
 er. 
 
 The teacher to exercise personally. 
 Gymnastics. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— THE GOVERNMENT OF SCHOOL. 
 
 I. Duties of pupils. 
 
 1. 
 
 3- 
 - 
 5- 
 
 6. 
 
 To themselves. 
 To one another. 
 To school property. 
 To the teacher. 
 To the school officers. 
 To the school. 
 To the visitors. 
 To the communitv. 
 
i 5 8 
 
 TREASURY OF FACTS. 
 
 Against them- 
 selves. 
 
 Against each 
 other. 
 
 3- 
 
 Against 
 Property. 
 
 the 
 
 i. By injuring their prop- 
 erty. 
 
 2. By injuring their person. 
 
 3. By neglecting to learn. 
 
 4. By bad manners. 
 
 5. By bad habits. 
 
 6. By immorality. 
 
 1. Theft. 
 
 2. Destroying property. 
 
 3. Injuring persons. 
 
 4. Accusing falsely. 
 
 5. Enticing to wrong. 
 
 6. Slandering. 
 
 1. Destroying by accident. 
 
 2. Destroying wilfully, [erty. 
 
 II. Offences of pupils. \ 4 
 
 Against 
 
 Teacher. 
 
 Against 
 School. 
 
 tht 
 
 the 
 
 [I- 
 6. Against J 
 Society. 
 
 III. Retribution. 
 
 1. Rewards. 
 
 I 3. Aiding in destroying prop- 
 | 1. Disobedience. 
 
 2. Disrespect. 
 
 3. Conspiracy. 
 
 4. Destroying property. 
 
 5. Slandering. 
 
 1. Evil speaking. 
 
 2. General disobedience. 
 
 3. Neglect to study. 
 
 4. Irregular attendance. 
 
 5. General wrongdoing. 
 Disturbing the peace. 
 Trespassing. 
 Injuring property. 
 Rude and disrespectful treat- 
 ment of people. 
 
 f 1. Profanity. 
 A . . ~ . , 2. Immoral conduct. 
 7. Against God. ^ vulgarity. 
 
 [4. Disrespect for religion. 
 Approval of teacher. 
 Approval of parents. 
 Approval of society. 
 Success in life. 
 Gifts from teachers. 
 Honorable position. 
 
 1. Private reproof. . 
 
 2. Repairing damage. 
 
 3. Performance of duties. 
 
 4. Forfeiture of privileges. 
 
 5. Acknowledgment of offence. 
 
 6. Personal chastisement. 
 
 7. Suspension. 
 
 8. Expulsion. 
 
 9. Scolding. 
 
 10. Sarcasm. 
 
 11. Personal indignities. 
 
 12. Torture. 
 
 3- 
 
 I 4- 
 
 I 5- 
 16. 
 
 2. Punishments. 
 
SCIENCE OF TEACHING. 
 
 159 
 
 IV. Legislation 
 
 IN GENERAL. 
 
 Means of 
 disorder. 
 
 Correeti>ig 
 order. 
 
 Unsuitable accommodations. 
 Unqualified teachers. 
 Bad man- \ \' Too many rules 
 agement. 
 
 its- 
 
 General Ad- \ ' 
 
 ministration. 1 ' 
 
 ( 3- 
 
 2. Pupils not punished. 
 
 3. Work not inspected. 
 By punishing offenders. 
 
 By pardoning offenders. 
 
 By teaching what is right. 
 
 By enforcing claims of right. 
 
 By inspiring pupils to do right. 
 To detect offenders. 
 To choose kind of punishment. 
 To inflict punishment. 
 
 CHAPTER V.— SCHOOL AUTHORITIES. 
 
 I. The school officers. 
 
 II. The people in general. 
 
 III. The teacher. 
 
 f 1. The family. 
 ) 2. The church. 
 j 3. The community. 
 I 4. The State. 
 Must have a pure motive. 
 (1 
 
 Must be well qualified. \ ' 
 
 Physically. 
 Intellectually. 
 Morally. 
 Professionally. 
 
 3. Must have a proper idea of work. 
 
 4. Must have a knowledge of the human mind. 
 
 5. Must be proficient in educational means. 
 
 6. Must be thorough in the science of teaching. 
 
 7. Must be skilled in government. 
 
 8. Must be thorough in discipline. 
 
 9. Must understand the\ \ P? r ?J ca J' , 
 wants of pupils. j *; l ^ 
 
 1. Should be a thorough 
 scholar. 
 
 2. Should be a dignified gen- 
 tleman or lady. 
 
 3. Should make professional 
 improvement. 
 
 4. Should aid his fellow- 
 teachers. 
 
 1. For the bodily health of 
 pupils. 
 
 2. For their intellectual 
 growth. 
 
 3. For their moral training. 
 
 4. For their habits. 
 
 10. Must understand 
 his relation to the 
 profession. 
 
 II. Must appreciat e 
 his responsibilities. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Accent i 
 
 Analysis of words 2 
 
 Adjectives 5 
 
 Adverbs 6 
 
 Analysis of sentences 7 
 
 Arrangement 10 
 
 Affirmation 16 
 
 Average and exclusion 17 
 
 A nalysis 17 
 
 Adams' administration 26 
 
 Arthur's inauguration 29 
 
 Authors 30, 31 
 
 Animals 43 
 
 Atmosphere 52 
 
 Animals 55 
 
 Annuloida 66 
 
 Annulosa 66, 67 
 
 Aves 68,69 
 
 Arrangement of muscles 72 
 
 Appendages of the skin 72 
 
 Air 81 
 
 Acoustic tubes 84 
 
 Atmospheric electricity 85 
 
 Artificial magnets 85 
 
 Animal susceptibility 89 
 
 Arsenic 94 
 
 Addition 10S, 126 
 
 Applications 1 iS 
 
 1 Alligation 1 20 
 
 Arithmetical progression 120 
 
 Applications of cube root 122 
 
 Annuities 122 
 
 Axioms 125, 126, 132 
 
 Astronomy 142 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Arithmetic, teaching 1 50, 151, 1 52 
 
 Art 152 
 
 Algebra 152 
 
 Apparatus 1 54 
 
 Buchanan's administration 28 
 
 Battles of 1775 32,33 
 
 Battles of 1676-77 33, 34 
 
 Battles of 1778-80 34, 35 
 
 Battles of 1 78 1 35 
 
 Botany 53, 59 
 
 Bones 71 
 
 Bathing necessary 72 
 
 Brain 75 
 
 Bills in 
 
 Banking 119 
 
 Classification of words 2, 4 
 
 Conjunctions 6 
 
 Classes of sentences 7, 8 
 
 Collecting material 10 
 
 Composition 12 
 
 Conceptions 14 
 
 Cause and effect 14 
 
 Copula 15 
 
 Cardinal propositions 15 
 
 Complex propositions 15 
 
 Compound propositions 15 
 
 Comparative judgment 15 
 
 Conditional judgment 16 
 
 Classification of syllogisms 16 
 
 Conversion of syllogisms 16 
 
 Comparative syllogisms 16 
 
 Compound judgment 16 
 
1 62 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Connecticut 21 
 
 Carolina, North 24 
 
 Carolina, South 24, 25 
 
 Climate 42, 47, 52 
 
 Cities 48 
 
 Continents 49 
 
 Coast 47 
 
 Concussions 57 
 
 Cryptogamous 62 
 
 Ccelenterata 66 
 
 Circulation 73 
 
 Cranial nerves 75 
 
 Chromatics S3 
 
 Classification of acts of the w .1 .... 90 
 
 Conception of causality 90 
 
 Classification of causes 90 
 
 Competency of the mind 90 
 
 Chemistry 91 
 
 Composition 92 
 
 Chlorine 94 
 
 Copper 94 
 
 Constitution 97, 100 
 
 County officers 98 
 
 Cities and towns 98 
 
 Confederation ... 100 
 
 Courts 102 
 
 Crimes 102 
 
 Constitutional amendments 103 
 
 Civil rights 103 
 
 Contracts 163, 104 
 
 Circulates Ill 
 
 Common divisor 1 1 1 
 
 Common multiple 112 
 
 Cancellation 112 
 
 Cases of percentage 1 iS 
 
 Commission and brokerage 119 
 
 Circle 123, 135, 138 
 
 Circumference of circles 135 
 
 Cylinder 139 
 
 Cone 139 
 
 Cylindrical rings 139 
 
 Comets 146 
 
 Character 1 56 
 
 Development of states 25 
 
 Derivation of words 2, 4 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Diacritical marks 2 
 
 Diction 10 
 
 Difference and resemblance 14 
 
 Distribution of terms 15 
 
 Disjunctive syllogisms 16 
 
 Discoveries 18 
 
 Delaware 23 
 
 Devonian scries 57 
 
 Diseases of the muscles 74 
 
 Diseases of the skin 74 
 
 Diseases of the lungs 73 
 
 Diseases of the blood 74 
 
 Diseases of the digestion 7 15 
 
 Digestion 75 
 
 Diffusion of heat 82 
 
 Discrimination of acts of the will.. . . 90 
 
 Decay of plants 93 
 
 Democratic government 96 
 
 1 >i\ isions of government. . 97 
 
 Divisions of the federal government. 100 
 
 1 >istribution of property without wills 105 
 
 Definitions 107 
 
 Division 109, 1 10, 113, 128 
 
 1 >ecimal fractions no, 111 
 
 Denominate fractions 116 
 
 Direct exchange 120 
 
 Division of algebra 127 
 
 Drawing 152 
 
 Duties of pupils 157 
 
 Elementary sounds 1 
 
 Expression 3 
 
 Extra logical 16 
 
 Elimination 17 
 
 Explorations 18, 19 
 
 Early settlements 19 
 
 Events of 181 2-14 35, 36 
 
 Events in 1861 27 
 
 Events in 1S62-63 37, 38 
 
 Events in 1864-65 38, 39 
 
 Extent 46 
 
 Earthquakes 50, 57 
 
 Electrical phenomena 53 
 
 Ethnography 53, 54 
 
 Exogenous 59, 60, 61 
 
 Endogenous 61, 62 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Eye?, the 70 
 
 Elastic fluids 81 
 
 Effects of heat 82 
 
 Electrical machines 85 
 
 Electro-magnetism 86 
 
 Exercise of capacity for willing 90 
 
 Effect of heat on wood 93 
 
 Electors 97 
 
 Elections 97 
 
 Enacting laws 97 
 
 Education 98, 99 
 
 Executive 100 
 
 Equasion of payments 120 
 
 Evolution 121 
 
 Equasions of two or more 1. .known 
 
 quantities 120 
 
 Equasions of quadratics 131 
 
 Ellipse 1 3S 
 
 Earth 143 
 
 Exercise 157 
 
 General structure of earth 
 
 Glands of the skin 
 
 Gravity 
 
 Grounds of certainty 
 
 Growth of plants 
 
 Granite 
 
 Gold 
 
 Governmental science 
 
 Gain or loss 
 
 Geometrical progression 121 
 
 Geometry 132 
 
 163 
 
 PAGE 
 
 49 
 7^ 
 
 8,79 
 90 
 92 
 93 
 95 
 96 
 11S 
 
 . *3* 
 x 5- 
 
 Figures 
 
 Fallacies 
 
 Filmore's administration 
 
 French and Indian War 31 
 
 Flowers 
 
 Force 
 
 Fundamental facts 
 
 Fixed stars 
 
 Final rule for disputed facts 
 
 Fjrst law of chemical attraction 
 
 Federal government . . .- 
 
 Fraudulent transfer 
 
 Factoring 1 1 1 , 
 
 Fractions 112, 
 
 Formulas 
 
 Frustrum 
 
 Furniture 
 
 2,8 
 16 
 
 27 
 
 ' 3 2 
 
 65 
 
 77 
 
 :>0 
 
 87 
 88 
 
 95 
 ici 
 104 
 127 
 128 
 
 12 
 
 '39 
 154 
 
 4^ 
 
 Government 
 
 Georgia 2 , 
 
 Grant's administration 2S, 29 
 
 Garfield's administration 29 
 
 Geography 41 
 
 Government 46 
 
 Geology 49, 56 
 
 History 1 . . 149, 130 
 
 Harrison's administration 27 
 
 Hayes' administration 29 
 
 Health and disease 76 
 
 Hydrostatics 80 
 
 Hydraulics Si 
 
 Heavenly bodies.. 142 
 
 Interjections 6 
 
 Immediate inference 13 
 
 Ideas in method 1 - 
 
 Induction and analog)- 17 
 
 Internal improvement 47 
 
 Islands 49, 34 
 
 Inflorescence 64, 63 
 
 Integument or skin 72 
 
 Inclined plane 80 
 
 Iron 94 
 
 Inorganic food 74 
 
 Interest 103 
 
 International law 106 
 
 Insurance 119 
 
 Interest, simple 119 
 
 Instructions in language .... 147, 14S, 149 
 
 Judgment 15 
 
 Jackson's administration 27 
 
 John Q. Adams' administration. . . .26, 27 
 
 Johnson's administration 2S 
 
 Jurassic period 38 
 
 Judicial 99 
 
 Jupiter 144, 145 
 
 King William's war -1 
 
164 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 King George's War 31 
 
 Kinds of food 74, 75 
 
 Kinds of fractions 112 
 
 Laws of motion 77 
 
 Language 1 
 
 Letters 1 
 
 Logic 14 
 
 Lincoln's administration 28 
 
 Land 42 
 
 Local geography 46 
 
 Lakes 47, 51 
 
 Leaves 62, 63 
 
 Levers of the first class 79 
 
 Levers ef the second class 79 
 
 Levers of the third class 79 
 
 Laws of attraction 85 
 
 Law of intensity 83 
 
 Law of refraction 83 
 
 Law of attraction 80 
 
 Law of polarity 86 
 
 Lead 95 
 
 Landlord and tenant 115 
 
 Length 115 
 
 Longitude and time 116 
 
 Lines and angles 132 
 
 Legislation in general 159 
 
 Modality of judgment 15 
 
 Matter of method 17 
 
 Methods of investigation 17 
 
 Methods of proof 17 
 
 Massachusetts Bay colony 20, 21 
 
 Maryland 23, 24 
 
 Madison's administration 26 
 
 Miscellaneous events 29 
 
 Mathematical geography 41, 42 
 
 Mountains 49, 54 
 
 Moisture of the atmosphere 52 
 
 Molusca 67 
 
 Mammalia 69, 70 
 
 Modifications of the breath 73 
 
 Muscles 72 
 
 Matter 77 
 
 Machines 79, 80 
 
 Musical sounds 84 
 
 Mineralogy 
 
 Musical instruments 
 
 Magnetism 
 
 Meteorology 
 
 Mental philosophy 
 
 Mind, an agent 
 
 Mind can attain its own end. 
 
 Marble 
 
 Mercury 
 
 Monarchical government 
 
 Militia 
 
 Miscellaneous provisions of Constitu- 
 tion 
 
 Municipal law 
 
 Multiplication 108, 116, 125, 12S 
 
 M iscellaneoas weights 114. 
 
 Mensuration 
 
 Multiple 112 
 
 Measurement of angles 
 
 Moon 
 
 Mercury 
 
 Mars 
 
 Minor planets 
 
 Meteors 
 
 Methods of instruction 
 
 PAGE 
 
 55 
 84 
 85 
 ,2,87 
 88 
 90 
 90 
 93 
 95 
 96 
 
 99 
 
 I0 3 
 103 
 
 130 
 
 116 
 122 
 12S 
 
 l 33 
 144 
 
 144 
 
 144 
 
 '45 
 146 
 
 H7 
 
 Nouns 4, 5 
 
 New Hampshire 22 
 
 New York 22 
 
 New Jersey 23 
 
 North Carolina 24 
 
 Nations 45 
 
 Natural advantages 47 
 
 Nervous system 75 
 
 Natural philosophy J J 
 
 Nature of heat 81 
 
 Nature of light 82 
 
 Natural inability 91 
 
 Numbers 107 
 
 Notation and numeration 107 
 
 Neptune 145 
 
 Nebula; 146 
 
 Orthography 1,4 
 
 Orthoepy 2, 3 
 
 Orators 31 
 
1NDLX. 
 
 I6 5 
 
 Occupations 46, 47 
 
 Outline 
 
 Oceans 
 
 Oceanic movements 
 
 Optical phenomena 
 
 Organs of respiration 
 
 Organs of voice 
 
 Organs of circulation 
 
 Organic food 
 
 Optics 
 
 Optical instruments 
 
 Offences of pupils 
 
 Pronouns.. 
 Prepositions 
 Parsing .... 
 Prosody 
 
 Punctuation 
 
 Points 
 
 Prose 
 
 Poetry 12, 
 
 Probable judgment 
 
 Pure categorical 
 
 Probable syllogisms 
 
 Plymouth colony 20, 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Polk's administration 
 
 Prince's administration 
 
 Progress 
 
 Pontiac's War 
 
 Plants 4.3, 55, 
 
 Political geography 
 
 Physical needs of man 44, 
 
 Position of state 
 
 Physical geography 
 
 Progression 
 
 Phenogamous plants 
 
 Protozoa 
 
 Physiology 
 
 Proper food necessary 
 
 Properties of matter 
 
 Pulleys 
 
 Pneumatic machines 
 
 Pyronomics 
 
 Propagation of light 
 
 Properties of the magnet 
 
 ,48 
 46 
 
 5 1 
 5 1 
 53 
 73 
 73 
 73 
 74 
 82 
 S 4 
 <58 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Production of artificial magnets 86 
 
 Planets, the $7 
 
 Phosphorus 54 
 
 Public institutions 99 
 
 President, the 102 
 
 Principles of law 103 
 
 Principal and agent 104 
 
 Partnership . 104 
 
 Principles of fractions 112, 1 28 
 
 Principles of ratio 117 
 
 Proportion 117, 134 
 
 Principles of proportion 117 
 
 Percentage 117 
 
 Principles of percentage 1 13 
 
 Premium and discount 1 18 
 
 Partnership 120 
 
 Powers and roots 129 
 
 Powers 129 
 
 Principles of involution 121 
 
 Plane figures 132 
 
 Polygons 133, 134, 138 
 
 Planes and angles 136 
 
 Pyramid 137, 138 
 
 Principles of trigonometry 140 
 
 Practical principles 141 
 
 Planets 143 
 
 Permanent organization 155 
 
 People in general, the 159 
 
 Quality of judgment 15 
 
 Queen Anne's War 31 
 
 Quantity 125 
 
 Quadratics 131 
 
 Quadrilaterals 133 
 
 Rhetoric 10 
 
 Redundant syllogisms 16 
 
 Refutation 17 
 
 Rhode Island 21, 22 
 
 Races of men 43, 44 
 
 Religion 46 
 
 Rivers 50, 54 
 
 Rainfall 55 
 
 Rocks 56 
 
 Root 65 
 
 Reptilia ,,,67, (£ 
 
i66 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Respiration 73 
 
 Reflection and reflecting surfaces.. . . 83 
 
 Refraction of light 83 
 
 Reflection of sound. $4 
 
 Reason i>9 
 
 Rational susceptibility 89 
 
 Rights of persons 96 
 
 Rights of things 96 
 
 Real estate 105 
 
 Rules of peace 106 
 
 Rules of war 106 
 
 Rights and duties of belligerents. . . . 106 
 
 Rights and duties of neutrals 106 
 
 Roman notation 107, 108 
 
 Reduction of fractions 112, 113 
 
 Reduction 116 
 
 Ratio 117 
 
 Roots 129 
 
 Radicals 13c 
 
 Recitation 1 56, 1 57 
 
 Retribution 1 58 
 
 Syllables -. 1 
 
 Spelling 2 
 
 Synthesis 7 
 
 Syntax 7 
 
 Selection of subject 10 
 
 Style 10 
 
 Sentences 10 
 
 Substances and properties 14 
 
 Syllogisms 16 
 
 South Carolina 24, 25 
 
 States of society 45 
 
 Surface 47 
 
 Springs ; 50, 54 
 
 Stratified :'. . 56 
 
 Silurian series 57 
 
 Stem of plant 64 
 
 Seed 65 
 
 Skeleton 7 1 
 
 Sources of food 74 
 
 Sympathetic system 76 
 
 Screw So 
 
 Source of heat Si 
 
 Source of light S3 
 
 Shadows S3 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Solar system 86, 87 
 
 Sense 88 
 
 Susceptibility 89 
 
 Spiritual 89 
 
 Substance of plants 9 2 > 93 
 
 Sandstone 93 
 
 Slate 93 
 
 Soils 94 
 
 Sulphur 94 
 
 Silver 93 
 
 State government 97 
 
 State officers 97, 98 
 
 Sales of property 104 
 
 Services 105 
 
 Shipping 105 
 
 Subtraction 108, 126 
 
 Surface 115 
 
 Simple interest 119 
 
 Settlement of accounts 120 
 
 Sphere 124, 139 
 
 Signs 125 
 
 Squares on lines 134 
 
 Similar triangles 135 
 
 Solids 136 
 
 Spherical geometry 137 
 
 Spherical trigonometry 140, 141 
 
 Sun 143, 144 
 
 Saturn 145 
 
 School grades 1 53 
 
 School studies 1 53 
 
 Science of teaching 1 53 
 
 Study 155, 156 
 
 School authorities 1 59 
 
 Terms 14 
 
 Terms of a proposition 15 
 
 Tyler's administration 27 
 
 Taylor's administration 27 
 
 Temperature 52 
 
 Trassic series 57 
 
 Tin 95 
 
 Township officers 98 
 
 Terms of fractions 112 
 
 Time 115 
 
 Terms, 117, 125, 128, 129, 131, 140, 142 
 
 True discount 1 19 
 
INDEX. 
 
 167 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Taxes no 
 
 Triangle 13S 
 
 Trapezoid 13S 
 
 Trapezium 1 38 
 
 Theorems 140 
 
 Trigonometry 140 
 
 Temporary 154 
 
 The teacher 1 59 
 
 Uses of capitals 12 
 
 Unstratifiecl rocks 56 
 
 Understanding 88 
 
 United States government roo 
 
 Uranus 145 
 
 Verbs 5, 6 
 
 Variety 1 1 
 
 Versification 8 
 
 Virginia 19, 20 
 
 Van Euren's administration 27 
 
 Valleys ... 50 
 
 Volcanoes 50, 57 
 
 Voice 73 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Vision 83, 84 
 
 Value 113, 114 
 
 Volume and capacity 113 
 
 Volumes 123, 124 
 
 Venus 144 
 
 Washington's administration... 25 
 
 Wars of United States 31 
 
 War of revolution 3-> 33- 34, 35 
 
 War of 1812 33 
 
 War with Mexico 36,37 
 
 War of Rebellion 37, 38, 39, 40 
 
 Water 42, 91 
 
 Winds 52 
 
 Woody plants 65 
 
 Wheel and axle 79, 80 
 
 Wedge Go 
 
 Wheel work 80 
 
 Will, the 89 
 
 Wills 105 
 
 Weight 114 
 
 Zoology 53, 66 
 
 Zinc 95 
 
Press of The Standard Printing and Publishing Company, New York. 
 
LIBR/ 
 
 5RESS 
 
 019 841 403 7 
 
 HH