GroupV]II,No.341 Price 10 cents GV 903 .H6 1911 Copy 1 U m.^^A ATHI/KTIC I/IBRARY VlV^ ^^i: American Sports Publishing Co!:,! ..;' ...r-^., 21 Warren Street, NewYorK /i!i'''"o,n%,iijl ^^ilg^gn>l>^JAv■ ' ;!^ ^ ^^ : ^ ^vW;j: ' .; ' >.(^tB^j;.:!;..!, !' j,-:g;tytVJ.i ' jWJVKttW^^ AXh.Sralding & Bros. • ;,,. MAINTAIN THEIR OWN HOUSES .> • V. ' FOR DISTRIBUTING THE r V ^^. COMPLETE LINE OF v Athletic Goods V•■^^^.,.-^./^^ IN THE FOLLOWING CITIES ^^^^!!^lS^^^iEi^ /ill .}:»'■ '-rife -S; I'M! !' ''"'/;ll NEW YORK "°12°4-Y28 Nassaa St. "*29-33 West 42d St. NEWARK. N. J. 845 Broad Street BOSTON, MASS. 141 Federal Street CHICAGO 147-149 Wabash Ave. ST. LOUIS, MO. 415 North Seventh St. KANSAS CITY, MO. 1120 Grand Ave. DENVER, COL. 1616 Arapahoe St. SAN FRANCISCO 1S6-1S8 Geary St. SEATTLE. WASH. 711 Second Ave. LOS ANGELES, CAL. 435 South Spring St. BUFFALO, N. Y. 611 Main Street SYRACUSE, N. Y. University Block PITTSBURGH, PA. 608 Wood Street CINCINNATI, O. 119 East Fifth St. CLEVELAND, O. 741 Euclid Ave. COLUMBUS, O. 191 South High St. MILWAUKEE, WIS. 379 East Water St. HINNEAPOLIS.MINN. 44 Seventh St., South ST. PAUL, MINN. 386 Minnesota St. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1210 Chestnut Street BALTIMORE, MD. 208 E. Baltimore St. WASHINGTON, D. C. 613 14th St., N.W. DETROIT, MICH. 254 Woodward Ave. LOUISVILLE, KY. 328 West Jefferson St. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 136 N. Pennsylvania St. ATLANTA. GA. 74 N. Broad Street NEW ORLEANS, LA. 140 Carondelet St. DALLAS. TEX. 1503 Commerce St. LONDON, ENG. "ifSh„™,w.c. 78, Cheapslde 29,Haymarket,S.W. BIRMINGHAM, ENG. 57, New Street MANCHESTER, ENG. 4, Oxford St. and 1, Lower Moseley St. EDINBURGH, SCOT. 3 South Charlotte St. (Cor. Pi-incesSt.) MONTREAL, P. A new, ui>to-date book. Its contents are the practical teaching of men who have reached the top as pitchers, and who know how to impart a knowledge of their art. All the big leagues' pitchers are shown. Price 10 cents. No. 229— How to Catch. Every boy who has hopes of being a clever catcher should read how well- known players cover their position. Pictures of all the noted catchers in the big leagues. Price 10 cents. No. 225— How to Play First Base. Illustrated with pictures of all the prominent first basemen. Price 10 cents. No. 22<>— How to Play Second Base. The ideas of the best second basemen have been incorporated in this book for the especial benefit of boys who want to know the fine points of play at this point of the diamond. Price 10 cents. No. 227— How to Play Third Base. Third base is, in some respects, the most important of the infield. All the points explained. Price 10 cents. \o. 22S— How to Play Short- stop. Shortstop is one of the hardest posi- tions on the infield to fill, and quick thought and quick action are necessary for a player who expects to make good as a shortstop. Illus. Price 10 cents No. 224— How to Play the Outfield. An invaluable guide for the out- fielder. Price 10 cents. No. 231— How to Coach; How to Captain a Team; Hotf to Manage a Team; Ho-w to Umpire; How to Or- ganize a League; Tech- nical Terms of Base Ball. A useful guide. Price 10 cents. No 219— Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages. To supply a demand for a book which would show the percentage of clubs without recourse to the arduous work of figuring, the publishers had these tables compiled by an expert. Price ^0 cents No. 350— How to Score. ^r A practical text book for scoiers of base ball games, both amateur and expert. The most complete book of instruction on the art of scoring that has yet been published. An appendix includes answers to numerous problems which arise in scoring a game and is of great value in deciding what course to pursue when an intricate point in the rules arises. Compiled by J. Hif Cummings. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY BASE BALL AUXILIARIES. No. 348 — Minor League Base Ball Guide. The minors' own guide. Edited by President T. H. Murnane, of the New England League. Price 10 cents. No. 352— Official Handbook of the National League of Professional Base Bail Clubs. Contains the Constitution, By-Laws, Official Rules, Averages, and schedule of the National League for the current year, together with list of club officers and reports of the annual meetings of the League. Price 10 cents. No. 340— Official Handbooli National Playground Ball Association. This game is specially adapted for playgrounds, parks, etc.; is spreading rapidly. The book contains a descrip- tion of the game, rules and list of officers. Price 10 cents, ^ Group II. Foot Ball No. 2— Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide Edited by Walter Camp. I Contains the new rules, with diagram of field; All- America teams as selected by the leading authorities; reviews of the game from various sections of the country; scores; pictures. Price 10 cents. No. 344— A Digest of tbe Foot Ball Rules. This book is meant for the use of officials, to help them to refresh their memories before a game and to afford them a quick means of ascertaining a point during a game. It also gives a ready means of finding a rule in the Official Rule Book, and is of great help to a player in studying the Rules. Compiled by C. W. Short, Harvard, 1908. Price 10 cents. ' No. 324— How to Play Foot Ball. Edited by Walter Camp, of Yale. Everything that a beginner wants to know and many points that an expert will be glad to learn. Snapshots of leading teams and players in action, with comments by Walter Camp. Price 10 cents. No. 2A— Spalding's Official Association Soccer Foot Ball Guide. ' A complete and up-to- date guide to the "Soccer" game in the United States. Contains instructions for playing the game, official rules, and interesting news from all parts of the country. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 280— How to Play Soc- cer. How each position should be played, written by the best player in England in his respective position, and illus- trated with full-page photographs of players in action. Price 10 cents. No. 335— How to Play Rugby. Compiled in England by "Old Inter- national." Contains directions for playing the various positions, with dia- grams and illustrations. Price 10 cents. FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES. No. ?32— Spalding's Official fy'u.nadiau Guide. r Foot Ball The official book of the game in Can- ada. Price 10 cents. No. 351— Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide. The official handbook of the Rugby game, containing the official playing rules, referee's decisions, articles on the game in the United States and pic- tures of leading teams. Price 10 cents. Group III. Cricket No. 3— Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. The most complete year book of the game that has ever been published in America. Reports of special matches, official rules and pictures of all the leading teams. Price 10 cents. No. 277— Cricket; and How to Play it. By Prince Ranjitsinhji. The game described concisely and illustrated with full-page pictures posed especially for this book. Price 10 cents SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Group IV. Lawn Tennis No. 4— Spalding's Official Liawn Tennis Annual. Contents include reports of all important tourna- ments; official ranking- from 1885 to date; laws of lawn tennis; mstructions for handicapping; deci- sions on doubtful points; management of tourna- ments; directory of clubs, laying out and keeping a court. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents. No. 157--HOTV to Play l^a^vn Tennis. A complete description of lawn ten- nis; a lesson for beginners and direc- tions telling how to make the most im- portant strokes. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 279— Strokes an« — Speed STvininiingr. By Champion C. M. Daniels of the New York Athletic Club team, holder of numerous American records, and the best swimmer in America qualified to write on the subject. Any boy should be able to increase his speed in the water after reading Champion Daniels' instructions on the subject. Price 10 cents. No. 128— How to Row. By E. J. Giannini, of the New York Athletic Club, one of America's most famous amateur oarsmen and cham- pions. Shows how to hold the oars, the finish of the stroke and other valu oKlo Jr.^'»"v>tir>n. Price 10 cents. \o. 23— Canoeing:. Paddling, sailing, cruising and rac- ing canoes and their uses; with hints on rig and management; the choice of a canoe; sailing canoes, racing regula- tions; canoeing and camping. Fully illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 209— HoTv to Become a Skater. Contains advice for beginners; how to become a figure skater, showing how to do all the different tricks of the best figure skaters. Pictures of prominent skaters and numerous diagrams. Price 10 cents. No. 282— Official Roller Skat- ins" Guide. Directions for becoming a fancy and trick roller skater, and rules for roller skating. Pictures of prominent trick skaters in action. Price 10 cents. _ No. 178- How to Train for Bicycling. Gives methods of the best riders when training for long or short distance races; hints on training. Revised and up-to-date in every particular. Price 10 cents. _ „„^ Manly Group XIV. Sports No. 140— Wrestling. Catch-as-catch-can style. Seventy illustrations of the different holds, pho- tographed especially and so described that anybody can with little effort learn every one. Price 10 cents. No. IS— Fencing. By Dr. Edward Breck, of Boston, editor of The Swordsman, a promi- nent amateur fencer. A book that has stood the test of time, and is universally acknowledged to be a standard work. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 102- Boxing Gnide. Contains over 70 pages of illustrations showing all the latest blows, posed especially for this book under the super- vision of a well-known instructor of boxing, who makes a specialty of teach- ing and knows how to impart his knowledge. Price 10 cents. No. 105— The Art of Fencing By Regis and Louis Senac, of New York, famous instructors and leading authorities on the subject. Gives in detail how every move should be made. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 23G— How to Wrestle. The most complete and up-to-date book on wrestling ever published. Edited by F. R. Toombs, and devoted principally to special poses and illustra- tions by George Hackenschmidt, the " Russian Lion." Price 10 cents. No. 102— Ground Tumblins. Any boy, by reading this book and following the instructions, can become proficient. Price 10 cents. No. 289 — Tnmblinsr for Ama- teurs. Specially compiled for amateurs by Dr.JamesT. Gwathmey. Every variety of the pastime explained by text and pictures, over 100 different positions being shown. Price 10 cents. No. 191— How to Puncli tlie Bagr. The best treatise on bag punching that has ever been printed. Every va- riety of blow used in training is shown and explained, with a chapter on fancy bag punching by a well-known theatri- cal bag puncher. Price 10 centr. No. 200— Dumb-BeHs. The best work on dumb-bells that has ever been oflfered. By Prof. G. Bojus, of New York. Contains 200 photographs. Should be in the hands of every teacher and pupil of physical culture, and is invaluable for home exercise. Price 10 cents. No. 143 — Indian Clubs and Dumb-Bells. By America's amateur champion club swinger, J. H. Dougherty. It is clearly illustrated, by which any novice can become an expert. Price 10 cents. No. 262— MediciB^e Ball Ex- ercises. A series of plain and practical exer- cises with the medicine ball, suitable for boys and girls, business and profes- sional men, in and out of gymnasium Price 10 cents. No. 29— Pulley Weight Exer- cises. By Dr. Henry S. Anderson, instructor in heavy gymnastics Yale gymnasium. In conjunction with a chest machine anyone with this book can become perfectly developed. Price 10 cents. No. 233— Jiu Jitsu. Each move thoroughly explained and illustrated with numerous full-page pictures of Messrs. A. Minami and K. Koyama, two of the most famous ex- ponents of the art of Jiu Jitsu, who posed especially for this book. Price 10 cents. No. 166— How to SwinsT In^ dian Clubs. By Prof. E. B. Warman. By follow- ing the directions carefully anyone can become an expex ♦■- Price 10 cents. No. 326— Professional W^rest- ling. A book devoted to the catch-as-catch- can style; illustrated with half-tone pictures showing the diiferent holds used by Frank Gk)tch, champion catch- as-catch-can wrestler of the world. Pcsed by Dr. Roller and Charles Postl. By Ed. W. Smith, Sporting Editor of the Chicago American. Price 10 cents. Group XV. Gymnastics No. 104— Tbe Grading: of Gymnastic Exercises. By G. M. Martin. A book that should be in the hands of every physical direc- tor of the Y. M. C. A., school, club, col- lege, etc. Price 10 cents. No. 214— Graded Calistben- ics and Dumb-Bell Drills. For years it has been the custom in most gymnasiums of memorizing a set drill, which was never varied. Conse- quently the beginner was given the same kind and amount as the older member. With a view to giving uni- formity the present treatise is at- tempted. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 254— Barn jo »'i -Bar Bell Drill. Edited by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie. Director Physical Training, University of Pennsylvania. Profusely illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 158— Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Games. A book that will prove valuable to in- door and outdoor gymnasiums, schools, outings and gatherings where there are a number to be amused. Price 10 cents. No. 124— How to Become a Gymnast. By Robert Stoll, of the New York A. C., the American champion on the flying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy can easily become proficient with a little practice. Price 10 cents. No. 287— Fancy Dnmb Bell and Marching^ Drills. A'1 concede that games and recreative exf cises during the adolescent period art (referable to set drills and m.onoton- out movements. These drills, while de- sigrned primarily for boys, can be used successfully with girls and men and women. Profusely illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 327— Pyramid Bnildingr Without Apparatus. By W. J. Cromie, Instructor of Gymnastics, University of Pennsyl- vania. With illustrations showing many different combinations. This book should be in the hands of all gym- nasium instructors. Price 10 Cents. No. 328 — Exercises on the Parallel Bars. By W. J. Cromie. Every gymnast should procure a copy of this book. Illustrated with cuts showing many novel exercises. Price 10 cents. Vo. 32»— Pyramid Building 'With Chairs, Wands and Ladders. By W. J. Cromie. Illustrated with half-tone photopraphs showing many interesting combinations. Price 10 cents. GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY. No. 345— Official Handbooli. Inter-Collegiate Associa- tion Amateur Gymnasts of America. Edited by P. R. Carpenter, Physical Instructor Amherst College. Contains pictures of leading teams and individual champions, official rules governing c )n- tests, records. Price 10 cents. «,T, Physical Group XVI. Culture No. 161— Ten Minutes* Exer- cise for Busy Men. By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, Direc- tor of Physical Training in the New York Public Schools. A concise and complete course of physical education* Price 10 cents. No. 208— Physical Education and Hyg^iene. This is the fifth of the Physical Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman (see Nos. 142, 149, 166, 185. 213, 261. 290.) Price 10 cents. No. 149— The Care of the Body. A book that all who value health should read and follow its instructions. By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known lecturer and authority on physical cul- ture. Price 10 cents. No. 142— Physical Training Simplified. By Prof. E. B. Warman. A complete„ thorough and practical book where the whole man is considered — h\2J^ and body. Price 10 cents. No. 261— Tensing Exercises. By Prof. E. B. Warman. The "Ten- sing" or "Resisting" system of mus- cular exercises is the most thorough, the most complete, the most satisfac* tory, and the most fascinating of sys- tems. Price 10 cents. No. 346— How to Live lOO Years. By Prof. E. B. Warman. Helpful and healthful suggestions for attain- ing a vigorous and happy " old age," with numerous instances of longevity and the methods and habits pursued by those who lived beyond the allotted span of life. Written in Prof. War- man's best style. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 185— Health Hints. < By Prof. E. B. Warman. Health in- fluenced by insulation; health influ- enced by underwear; health influenced by color; exercise. Price 10 cents. No. 213—285 Health Answers. By Prof. E. B. Warman. Contents: ventilating a bedroom; ventilating a house; how to obtain pure air; bathing; salt water baths at home; a substitute for ice water; to cure insomnia, etc., etc. Price 10 cents. No. 238— Muscle Bnildingr. By Dr. L. H. Gulick. A complete treatise on the correct method of acquiring strength. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 234— School Tactics and Maze Running;. A series of drills for the use of schools. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick. Price 10 cents. No. 325— Twenty Minute Ex- ercises. By Prof. E. B. Warman, with chap- ters on " How to Avoid Growing Old," and " Fasting ; Its Objects and Bene- f ts." Price 10 cents. No. 285— Health; hy Muscu- lar Gymnastics. With hints on right living. By W. J. Cromie. If one will practice the exer- cises and observe the hints therein contained, he will be amply repaid for so doing. Price 10 cents. , No. 288— Indlgrestion Treated by (jrymnastic^ By W. J. Cromie. If the hints there- in contained are observed and the exercises faithfully performed great relief will be experienced. Price 10 cents. No. 290— Get Well; Keep Well. By Prof. E. B. Warman, author of a number of books in the Spalding Ath- letic Library on physical training. Price 10 cents. No. 330— Physical Training: for the School and Class Room. Edited by G. R. Borden, Physical Director of the Y. M. C. A., Easton, Pa. A book that is for practical work in the school room. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. Photo by Zweifel. Former Secretary American Bowling Congress of the United States. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY Group VIII. No. 341 8 How TO Bowl Published by AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY 21 Warren Street, New York G) ('<= >- ^ <^- v- =) 3y ) COPTBIGHT, 1911 BY Amekican Sports Publishing Company New York C-ClASOlUSfi Spalding's official bowling guide. HISTORY OF THE SPORT Bowling seems to have originated early in the Middle Ages. It was at that time a purely outdoor game, as was the rule with everything of that period. The sport was known by a variety of names. It was called "bowles," French "boules" and "careau." These three names seem to have been the most common, but there are others, quite a number purely local. As played at that time, the game was very different from the present sport, but there was much similarity. The game was played with sides or teams, as to-day. The balls, or bowles, were made of stone, one half spherical, the other half oval shaped. This gave the ball a curve, which appears to have been desirable as it sped down the bowling green. At each end was placed a cone, which was the mark for the bowlers. The cones were bowled from one end of the rink and then from the other. As in the game of quoits, or "horseshoes," the object of the game was for one side to place their ball nearer the cone than their adversaries. The side bowling last would, of course, try to knock the opponents' ball away from the cone, supplanting it with their own, the one nearest the cone scoring a point for his side. Skill was required to bowl in such a way as to curve around an opponent's bowl so as to get nearer the cone, without knocking the other ball closer. Later, the stone bowl was sup- planted by one made of lignum vitae. The latter was made per- fectly spherical. The outside of the tree being lighter than the heart naturally gave the ball the desired bias, though often one side of the ball was loaded with lead to obtain the desired effect- The cones were finally done away with, and superseded by a stone or earthen ball about three and a half inches in diameter and known as a "jack." Instead of having a stationary mark at which to bowl, the jack was knocked all over the green, while strategy and skill were required to play a good game. 4 SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. The bowling green of that period was one of the most cared for spots about a village or an estate. A plot of ground as level as it was possible to find was picked out for it. Drain- ing was the first process in the making. This was done in such a thorough manner that even the hardest rains would not soak the ground and put it in a muddy condition. After draining properly, it was rolled, the grass kept cut to the proper length, and, by the most assiduous care, this spot would be made as hard and level as a table. The size of the plot was usually about 90 X 150 feet, surrounded by a ditch or gutter four or five inches deep. During the reign of Queen Anne and the first three Georges, a bowling green was as popular and necessary an ad- junct to a gentleman's country seat as a billiard table is to-day. Usually this spot of ground was surrounded by evergreens, which kept the grass from being scorched by the burning rays of the sun, as well as protecting the spectators and players. In many places this formed one of the most picturesque spots about a well- kept park or garden, though very frequently it was situated in close proximity to the dining room, from which it could be reached by a flight of stairs leading from a glass door or bay window. As an after dinner sport of our burly British and Dutch ancestors, it was very popular, aiding in the digestion of their heavy meals of that time, consisting principally of beef and pudding lubricated with heavy ale and potent punch. The game was first introduced into America early in the eighteenth century, and possibly the latter part of the seven- teenth. It seems to have been very popular in New York early in the eighteenth century. An old map of that city, of the date [ 1728, shows a bowling green on the north side of the public garden situated near the King's farm near the foot of Murray and Warren Streets. Also in 1732 the locality called Bowling Green, at the foot of Broadway, and known by the same name at the present day, was leased from the city government and laid out as a public bowling green. From the time that the sport was introduced into America it has really never died out, though the outdoor game has long since given way to the indoor game. SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. 5 As an outdoor sport, the game originated from several games, cayles, French quilles, skittles, loggetts and skayles being the most prominent. In cayles and loggetts, conical shaped pins made of bones were set up in rows of six or eight and the players tried to knock them down by hurling clubs af "sheepe's joynts" at them. Knocking the pins down by bowling a ball at them came at a later period. In the game of carreau, the play- ers bowled at a fixed mark, which in skayles, closh, French quilles, cloddynge, kittles, skittles, Dutch pins, four corners, half bowl roily polly, nine pins, the marks bowled at were pins simi- lar to those of the present day, and bowled at with a ball. The games were immensely popular for a long, time, until some laws were passed prohibiting nine pins and similar games. For a while this stopped the game, but it did not die out. The objec- tionable features were cut out, and instead of nine pins, set up in a diamond frame, ten pins were set up in a triangular frame. The first mention of a game being played indoors, on a covered alley is found in William Fitz-Stephens' Survey of London about the twelfth century. The first record of a match game played indoors in America was a game played on the Knickerbocker alleys in New York City on January i, 1840. Since that time the game has continued to grow in popular favor. Until 1875, when clubs became very numerous, there was much diversity as to the length of the alleys and the size of the pins and balls as no standard had ever been adopted. Before that time, the pins used were larger and heavier than the ones used now, and it was a much easier matter to knock all the pins down by hitting one or two, making the score of 300 the limit. In 1875 a large number of bowlers, representing a few Eastern cities, held a meeting and adopted rules and regulations which at that time answered the purpose. For the next ten or fifteen years, or up to 1890, bowling was a sort of "go-as-you- please" game. In the East they played under the rules of the National Bowling League, while in the West, where a sudden boom started, -any rule went. Under these conditions, the boom west of the Alleghenies lived but a few years. In 1895, or with 6 SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. the birth of the American Bowling Congress, which at once wiped out the old rules, and substituted new ones, which brought the playing of the game down to a somewhat scientific order, things began to wake up again, and the bowler from that day to this has been looked upon as an important factor, not only in sporting circles, but in social circles as well Spalding's official bowling guid£:. RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL BOWLING ASSOCIATION All games of American Ten Pins to be officially recognized by this Association must be played and conducted in strict compliance with the following Rules and Regulations : Rule i. The alleys upon which the game shall be played shall be not less than 41 nor more than 42 inches in width. The length from the center of No. i pin spot to the foul line, shall be 60 feet. Back of the foul line there shall be a clear run of not less than 15 feet. The pin spots shall be 2^ inches in diameter clearly and distinctly marked on or imbedded in the alleys, and shall be 12 inches apart from center to center. The pin spots numbered 7, 8, 9 and 10 shall be placed three inches from the pit edge of the alleys, measuring from the edge to the centers of such pin spots. Rule 2. The pins shall be spotted on the pin spots placed upon the alleys according to the following diagram, and the pins and spots shall be known and designated by their numbers as follows : 7 8 9 10 0000 4 S 6 2 S o o 1 o Rule 3. Gutters shall be from 8^ to 9 inches in width, placed on each side of the alley, and shall begin at the foul line and extend parallel with the alleys to the pit. From a point opposite No. I pin spot to the pit they shall be of square bottoms, from which point they shall commence to gradually decline, so that § SPALDING^S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUlDfi. where they enter the pit they shall be 3^2 inches below the alley surface. Rule 4. The pit shall be not less, than 10 inches in depth, measuring from the top of the pit mat to the alley surface, and shall be not less than 2J/2 feet in width from the alley edge to the surface of the rear swinging cushion. Rule 5. The side and center partitions shall be two feet in height above the alley surface, and shall extend from, a point opposite No. I pin spot to the rear cushion wall. The side partitions shall be so placed that the surface thereof facing the alleys shall be 12 inches from the center of the nearest corner pin spot. Rule 6. The rear swinging cushions shall be covered with material of a dark color, and so constructed as to prevent the pins which strike them from rebounding on the alleys. Rule 7. The foul line shall be not more than one inch in width, clearly and distinctly marked with dark-colored paint, or inlaid with dark-colored wood or other material; the center point of the foul line shall be 60 feet from the center of the No. I pin spot. The foul line, wherever possible, shall be extended from the alley surface to and upon the walls of the alleys. Rule 8. The pins shall be of the following design and meas- urements : Fifteen inches in height ; 2^ inches in diameter at their base, 15 inches in circumference at a point 4^ inches from their base, 11^ inches in circumference at a point 7>4 inches from their base, 5% inches in circumference at the neck, a point 10 inches from the base; 8 inches circumference at the head, a point 13^ inches from the base. The taper from point to point shall be gradual, so that all lines shall have a graceful curve. Rule 9. Sets of pins shall be of clear, hard maple, and of uniform weight, as near as possible, and of minimum weight of not less than three pounds two ounces, provided, however, that it shall be a violation of this rule to use any pin or pins whose natural weight is in any manner increased or diminished except by ordinary wear or tear. Rule 10. The ball shall not exceed twenty-seven inches in circumference, nor exceed sixteen pounds in weight, and must Spalding's official bowling guide. 9 be wholly of one substance, with the exception of the finger holes, which may be lined with cloth, rubber or papier mache. Rule ii. Alley proprietors must provide a scale and ring for the purpose of weighing or measuring any ball which may be a subject of investigation as to proper weight or size. Rule 12. In all team games there shall be an equal number of players on each team, and the full team membership shall appear for play at least fifteen minutes before play is called. Before the game is begun the captains shall enter in the score book the names of the players on the teams. After play is begun no change shall be made in the rotation of the team as so entered. The team captain may, at any time after play is begun, and before his team begins to play in the ninth frame replace any of his players on the team by a substitute player. A player once removed from a game cannot be again played in the game from which he was removed. Rule 13. Two alleys immediately adjoining each other shall be used in all games. The contesting teams shall successively and in regular order roll one frame on one alley, and for the next frame alternate and use the other alley, so alternating each frame until the game is completed. Rule 14. In delivering the ball the player must not permit any part of his foot while at rest to extend on, over or beyond the foul line, nor shall any part of his person be permitted to come in contact with any part of the alleys beyond the foul line or the extension thereof provided for in Rule 7, at any time before the delivered ball shall have reached the pins. A ball delivered contrary to the provisions of this rule shall be a foul ball, and shall be so declared by the umpire immediately such ball so becomes foul. Rule 15. No count shall be made on a foul ball, and any pins which are knocked down or displaced thereby shall be at once respotted. A foul ball shall count as a ball rolled against the player. Rule 16. Pins which are knocked down or displaced by a ball which leaves the alley before reaching the pins, or from a ball rebounding from the rear cushions, do not count, and they shall 10 SPALDING*S official BOV/LING GUID^.. be immediately respotted. Pins which are knocked down or dis- placed from any cause, except by a fairly deHvered ball, shall in all cases be respotted. Pins which are knocked down by another pin rebounding in the play, shall be counted as pins down. Rule 17, Pins which are knocked down or displaced, except by reason of a fairly delivered ball, shall in all cases be re- spotted. Rule 18. Every ball delivered, unless it be declared a dead ball by the umpire, shall be counted against the player. Rule 19. Should a player by mistake roll on the wrong alley, or out of his turn, or be interfered with in his play by another bowler or spectator, or should any of the pins at which he is playing be displaced or knocked down in any manner before his delivered ball reaches the pins, or should his ball come in con- tact with any foreign obstacle on the alleys, then the ball so delivered by him shall be immediately declared a dead ball by the umpire, and such ball shall not count, and shall be immediately rerolled by the player after the cause for declaring such ball dead has been removed. Rule 20. Pins which are knocked down by a fair ball, and which remain lying on the alley or in the gutters, are termed dead wood, and shall be removed before the next ball is rolled. Rule 21. Should a standing pin fall by removing dead wood, such pin or pins shall be at once respotted. Rule 22. Should a pin be broken or otherwise badly damaged during the game, it shall be at once replaced by another as nearly uniform with the set in use as possible. The umpire shall in all such cases be the sole judge in the matter of replacing such pin or pins. Rule 23. Bowling balls used in the game and marked by their owners are considered private, and the other participants in the game are prohibited from using the same, unless the owner con- sents to such use. Rule 24. Each player shall roll two balls in each frame, except when he shall make a strike, or when a second strike or spare is made in the tenth frame, when the player shall complete that frame by rolling a third ball. In such cases the frame shall be SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. 11 completed on the alleys on which the first strike or spare is made. Rule 25. A strike is made when the player bowls down the ten pins with his first ball delivered in any frame, and is credited and designated in the score by an X in the upper right-hand corner of the frame, and the count in such frame is left open until the player shall have rolled his next two balls,, when all pins made, counting ten for a strike, shall be credited therein. Rule 26. A spare is made when the player bowls down all the pins with his second ball in any frame, and is credited and designated with a / in the upper right-hand corner of the frame in which it is made. The count in such frame is left open until such player shall roll his next ball in the succeeding frame, when the number of pins bowled down thereby shall be added to the ten represented by his spare, and the total shall be credited therein. Rule 27. A break is made in all cases where the player does not secure either a strike or a spare in a frame, and in such cases only the number of pins knocked down are credited in the frame where the break is made. Rule 28. If at the end of the tenth frame the team scores shall be a tie another frame shall then be immediately bowled where tenth frame was bowled and play so continued on the same alley until at the close of even frames one of the teams shall have a greater number of pins than their opponents, which shall con- clude the game. Rule 29. In all regularly scheduled games the Captains of the opposing teams shall, prior to the commencement of the game, satisfy themselves as to the eligibility of the members as written in the score book. They shall then select an umpire whose duty it shall be to enforce all the rules and regulations of the game. He shall be the sole judge of and decide all plays and immedi- ately make his decision on all questions or points in the play. He shall immediately declare foul all balls delivered contrary to the rules in that respect, and in rendering his decisions he shall do so in a clear tone of voice. At the close of each game he shall declare the winner and sign the official scores of the game. 12 SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. Rule 30. After the umpire is selected he shall not be changed during the game, except on account of illness, or by the mutual consent of both Captains. Rule 31. The umpire shall allow no unreasonable delay in the progress of the game, and should any member or team par- ticipating in the game refuse to proceed with the game for a space of five minutes after directed to do so by the umpire he shall declare the game forfeited to the other team. Rule 32. No appeal shall be allowed from the decision of the umpire, except for a clear misinterpretation of the rules or regulations. Rule 33. The Captains of the opposing teams shall each select a scorer, who shall keep a correct score of the game, and after the completion of the game they shall sign the official scores. The scores shall be official when so signed by the scorers and umpire. No change shall be made in the scorers during the progress of the game, unless for incompetence, illness or by the mutual consent of both Captains. Rule 34. The umpire and scorers in a game shall not be interested, directly or indirectly, in any bet or wager on the game, and if either of the said officials shall at any time during the game be found to be so interested, he shall be immediately removed. Rule 35. All protests shall be made in writing to the Governor or Executive Committees of Associations, Leagues or Tourna- ments in which games are played, and m.ust be made on the same night by the captain or acting captain of the protesting team. Rule 36. A member of a team, club or association whose team, club or association is engaged in playing a contested game, who shall either directly or indirectly tamper with the alleys, pins, balls or in any manner whatsoever seek by unfair means to secure any advantage over his opponents, shall, upon proof thereof, be for a period of six months, disqualified from partici- pating in any contested game, and the game in which such unfair advantage was so secured or attempted to be secured shall be declared forfeited by the umpire to the opposing team. SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. 13 Rule z1- All teams or individuals whose application or entry has been accepted in any tournament or league, must keep faith with said league or tournament by presenting a full quota of men on every night for which it is scheduled. Failing to do so the individual or individuals who shall not so appear shall be penalized by being debarred for the period of six bowling months from participating in any league or tournament, unless good cause shall be shown for such non-appearance, or by previous postponement had as provided by the rules governing such cases and in force in such tournament. Rule 38. Proprietors, lessees, or managers of all open or public tournament or leagues shall, as a protection to themselves and other competing clubs in their tournaments or leagues, sub- mit a full list of their applications to the Executive Board of the City Association under whose jurisdiction such tournament is rolled, which shall place them in the hands of its Investigating Committee, whose duty it shall be to report as to the good stand- ing and eligibility of said applicants. Rule 39. When an individual, a club, a team, or league is expelled, all games played by it in such tournament shall be null and void, and shall not be counted as games played, and all moneys paid in by said individual, club, team or league shall be forfeited. Rule 40. When a game or games shall be forfeited under the rules, the team not at fault shall play its regular schedule games the same as though they were actually contested, and the scores and averages so made shall be credited and recorded. Rule 41. When a bowler is suspended or expelled from his club for non-payment of dues, or for conduct derogatory to the best interests of the game, he shall be prohibited and disqualified from thereafter playing in any club, team, league or tournament, and any such organization which shall knowingly play such dis- qualified player, after receiving written notice of his disqualifica- tion, shall forfeit all games in which such disqualified player has taken part arid such organization may be suspended from mem- bership upon vote of the mana'ring committee of such organization holding the tournament. 14 Spalding's official bowling guide. Rule 42. No bowler shall be eligible to election as a member of a club, league, tournament or association who shall have been, on good proof, adjudged to be in arrears, or indebted to any bowling organization of which he may be or has been a member. Rule 43. All ties involving the championship of a league, tournament or an association, shall be decided by contest of a number of games mutually agreed upon by teams represented in the tie. All other ties may be decided in a manner provided for by the governing body of said league or tournament. In the event of a failure to agree on the number of games for champion- ship decision, it shall then be the duty of the Governing, or Executive Committee of said league, tournament or association to decide, and their decision shall be final. Rule 44. The manner and method of computing the scores and averages of the retired and substituted players under the provision of Rule 12 shall be fixed and determined by the rules of the organization in which such players are participating. Rule 45. All clubs, leagues and tournament associations shall be organized and conducted in accordance with the regulations, and their games shall be played in strict conformity with the playing rules of the National Bowling Association. Rule 46. A bowling league or tournament association is defined to be an organization formed for the purpose of conducting among its members any bowling game recognized by the Constitution, Rules and Regulations of the National Bowling Association, or any City Association formed under it. Rule 47. The owner or employes of the alleys -whereon the tournament games of a league or tournament association are played shall be disqualified from receiving any individual prize offered by such league or tournament association in such contest. Rule 48. A league or tournament association and the clubs comprising its membership must conduct and play all their games and tournaments in strict compliance with the rules and regula- tions governing such games, as adopted by the National Bowling Association. Rule 49. A league or tournament association must have a constitution and by-laws which provide for its regular organiza- SfALDiNG's Ot-pICiAL SOWLING GtJlDE. 15 tion, for the regular election of its officers, prescribe the duties of its officers and shall not conflict with the constitution, rules and regulations of the National Bowling Association. Rule 50. A Bowling Club, to be qualified to become a membei* of or to participate in the tournament games of a league or tournament association, must be regularly organized, to meet at least once every two weeks during the bowling season upon alleys of which it is the owner or lessee, and in existence at least thirty days prior to the filing of application for such membership or entry in such tournament ; and it must be governed by a consti- tution and by-laws not inconsistent with the constitution, rules and regulations of the National Bowling Association. Rule 51. Such application must be accompanied with a full list of the officers and eligible members of such applicant, and shall name the time and place of holding its regular practice meetings. Rule 52. A club having entered a team for competition in any league or tournament association, which shall be found at some subsequent time during such tournament not qualified under the rules, shall, upon proof thereof, forfeit all games rolled in such tournament, and any and all rights to claim or hold any trophy or prize played for therein, and such club shall also thereby forfeit its membership in such league or tournament association. Rule 53. A bowler is defined to be a person who is a qualified member of a regularly organized bowling club, organized and existing in conformity with the rules and regulations of the National Bowling Association, and who attends the regular meet- ings of such club, and engages in the bowling games played by it in regular practice. Such bowler may at the same time be a member of one or more regular bowling clubs. Rule 54. A bowler belonging to two or more clubs, entered in tournaments under the jurisdiction of the National Bowling Association, shall not be permitted to bowl in competition in any of such tournaments against a club of which he is also a member. Fof a violation of this rule the game in which such disqualified member rolls shall be declared forfeited to the team W Spalding's official bowling GUiDfi, with which his team or club is competing, and such player shall be disqualified from playing in such tournament for a period .of thirty days. Rule 55. For a violation of any of the playing rules or regu- lations by a club, team or individual player affiliated with the National Bowling Association, the penalty shall be suspension of such club, team or individual from all tournaments for a period of six bowling months, for the first oflfense, and expulsion for the second offense. SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE American Bowling: Congress Coverinsr the Game of American Ten Pins and Defining: the Qualifications of all Bowlers, Bowling: Clubs, Bowling Leagues and Associations. All games of American Ten Pins, to be considered official, must be played and conducted in strict compliance with the fol- lowing Rules and Regulations: Rule i. The alleys upon which the game shall be played shall be not less than 41 or more than 42 inches in width. The length from the center of No. i pin spot to the foul line shall be 60 feet. Back of the foul line there shall be a clear run of not less than 15 feet. The pin spots shall be clearly and dis- tinctly described on or imbedded in the alleys and shall be so placed 12 inches apart from center to center. They shall be 2% inches in diameter. The pin spots numbered 7, 8, 9 and 10 shall be placed 3 inches from the pit edge of the alleys, measuring from the edge to the center of such pin spots. Rule 2. The pins shall be spotted on the pin spots placed upon the alleys according to the following diagram, and the pins and spots shall be known by the numbers as follows : 0000 7 8 9 10 o 00 4 5 6 Rule 3, Gutters shall be placed on either side of the alley, and shall begin at the foul line and extend parallel to the alleys to the pit. Rule 4. The gutters shall be from 9 to gYz inches in width, placed on each side of the alley, and shall begin at the foul line, and extend parallel with the alley to the pit. From a point opposite No. I pin spot to the pit, they shall be of square bottoms, 18 Spalding's official bowling guide. irom which they shall commence to gradually decline, so that where they enter the pit, they shall be, when originally con- structed, not less than 35^ inches below the alley surface, and at no time shall said gutters be less than three inches below the alley surface where they enter the pit. Rule 5. The pit shall be not less than 10 inches in depth, when alley is originally constructed, and at no time shall said pit be less than 9^4 inches in depth, measuring from the top of the pit mat or cushion to the alley surface, and shall be not less than 2J/2 feet in width from the alley edge to the surface of the rear swinging cushion, and a board not to exceed two inches in thickness may be attached to the rear of the alley bed. Rule 6. The side and center partitions shall be not less than 18 inches nor more than 2 feet in height above the alley surface, and shall extend from a point opposite No. i pin spot to the rear cushion wall. Such partitions may be covered with one layer of leather of not to exceed one-half inch in thickness ; no other covering shall be permissible. The side partitions shall be so placed that the surface thereof facing the alleys shall be 12 inches from the center of the corner pin spot. Rule 7. The rear swinging cushion shall in all cases have for a covering material of a dark color, and shall be so con- structed, as to prevent the pins from rebounding onto the alleys. Rule 8. The foul line shall be clearly and distinctly marked upon or imbedded in the alleys, in dark-colored paint, or inlaid with dark-colored wood or other material, and shall be not more than one inch in width. The foul line, wherever possible, shall be extended from the alley surface to and upon the walls of the alleys. Rule 9. The pins shall be of the following design and meas- urements : Fifteen inches in height, 2K inches in diameter at their base, 15 inches in circumference at a point 4^/^ inches from their base, 115^ inches in circumference at a point 754 inches from their base, 5% inches in circumference at the neck, a point 10 inches from the base; 8 inches in circumference at the head, a point I3>^ inches from the base. The taper from point to point shall be gradual, so that all lines shall have a graceful curve. Spalding's official bowling guide. 19 Rule id. Sets of pins shall be of clear, hard maple, and of uniform weight, as near as possible, and of minimum weight of not less than three pounds two ounces, provided, however, that it shall be a violation of this rule to use any pin or pins whose natural weight is in any way increased or diminished except by ordinary wear and tear. The pins shall be marked "A. B. C. Regulation," and there may be marked thereon the imprint of the manufacturer thereof. Rule ii. The balls shall not in any case exceed 27 inches in circumference nor exceed sixteen pounds in weight. Any sized ball of less circumference or weight may be used. Provided that in any city where it is deemed necessary and in the best in- terests of the game, the city association may require that the ball which is used in local tournaments shall be wholly of one substance; but such requirements shall not apply to National Tournaments. THE PLAY. Rule 12. A team shall be composed of the number of players fixed by the rules of the particular tournament in which the competition is held. Play shall be called by the umpire in each game at the time fixed by the rules of the tournament. Before play is called the team captain shall enter the names of his players in the score book, and after play is begun in that game no change shall be made in the rotation of the players as so entered, provided that any time before his team begins play in the ninth frame, the captain may replace any of his players by another qualified member of his team, provided the player re- moved from the game has not made either a strike or spare in the frame last rolled by him, and a player once removed from a game cannot be again played in the same game from which he was removed. The full team membership must be ready to play at the time fixed by the rules, but should less than the required number be ready the captain may play such players as he has and should the other players appear at any time during the game, they may be added to the team and begin play in the frame then being rolled by the team. A team failing to appear with its full ao Spalding's official bowling guide. quota of players, and which refuses to play with a less number shall forfeit the game then about to be bowled. When a series of games is to be bowled at one time, the forfeit above provided shall apply to the game of the series then about to be played; and if at any time during the series, and before play shall be called in the game then to be played, the full quota of players are present, then such team may begin play in the game then about to be called. Rule 13. Two alleys immediately adjoining each other shall be used in all games. The contesting teams shall successively and in regular order roll one frame on one alley, and for the next frame alternate and use the other alley, so alternating each frame until the game is completed. Rule 14. In delivering the ball the player must not permit any part of his foot, while any portion thereof Is in contact with the alleys, to rest or extend on, over or beyond the foul line, nor shall any part of his person be permitted to come in contact with any part of the alleys beyond the foul line at any time before the delivered ball shall have reached the pins. A ball de- livered contrary to the provisions of this rule shall be a foul ball, and shall be so declared by the umpire immediately such ball so becomes foul. Rule 15. No count shall be made on a foul ball, and any pins which are knocked down or displaced thereby shall be at once respotted. A foul ball shall count as a ball rolled against the player. Rule 16. Pins which are knocked down or displaced by a ball which leaves the alley before reaching the pins, or from a ball rebounding from the rear cushions, do not count, and they shall be immediately respotted. Rule 17. Every ball delivered, unless it be declared a dead ball by the umpire, shall be counted against the player. Rule 18. Pins which are knocked down by another pin re- bounding in the play from the side partition, or rear cushion, are counted as pins down. Rule 19. Pins which are knocked down or displaced from SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. 21 any cause, except from a fairly delivered ball, shall in all cases be respotted. Rule 20. Should a player by mistake roll on the wrong alley, or out of his turn, or be interfered with in his play by another bowler or spectator, or should any of the pins at which he is playing be displaced or knocked down in any manner before his delivered ball Jeaches the pins, or should his ball come in con- tact with any foreign obstacle on the alleys, then the ball so delivered by him shall be immediately declared a dead ball by the umpire, and such ball shall not count, and shall be immediate- ly rerolled by the player after the cause for declaring such ball dead have beerk removed. Rule 21. Pins which are knocked down by a fair ball, and which remain lying on the alley or in the gutters, are termed dead wood, and shall be removed before the next ball is rolled. Rule 22. Should a standing pin fall by removing dead wood, such pins or pin shall at once be respotted. Rule 23. Should a pin be broken or otherwise badly damaged during the game, it shall be at once replaced by another as nearly uniform with the set in use as possible. The umpire shall in all such cases be the sole judge in the matter of replacing such pin or pins. Rule 24. Bowling balls used in the game and marked b^' their owners are considered private, and other participants il the game are prohibited from using the same, unless the owne* consents to such use. Rule 25. Each player shall roll two balls in each frame, ex- cept when he shall make a strike, or when a second strike or spare is made in the tenth frame, when the player shall complete that frame by rolling a third ball. In such cases the frame shall be completed on the alley on which the first strike or spare ^s made. Rule 26. A strike is made when the player bowls down the ten pins with his first ball delivered in any frame, and is credited and designated in the score by an (X) in the upper rigrht-hand corner of the frame, and the count in such frame is left open 22 Spalding's official bowling GtJiDfe. till the player shall have rolled his next two balls, when all pins made, counting ten for a strike, shall be credited therein. Rule 27. A spare is made when the player bowls down all the pins with his second ball in any frame, and is credited and designated with a (\) in the upper right-hand corner of the frame in which it is made. The count in such frame is left open until such player shall roll his next ball in the succeeding frame, when the number of pins rolled down thereby shall be added to the ten represented by his spare, and the total shall be credited therein. Rule 28. A break is made in all cases where the player does not secure either a strike or a spare in a frarrve, and in such cases only the number of pins knocked down are credited in the frame where the break is made. Rule 29. If at the end of the tenth frame the team scores shall be a tie, another frame shall be immediately bowled, and play is so continued until at the close of even frames one of the teams shall have a greater number of pins than their opponr ents, which shall conclude the game. Rule 30. In 'all contested games the captains of the opposing teams shall select an umpire, whose duty it shall be to enforce all the rules and regulations of the game. He shall be the sole judge of and decide all plays, and immediately make his decision on all questions or points in the play. He shall immediately de- clare foul all balls dehvered contrary to the rules in that respect, and in rendering his decisions he shall do so in a clear tone of voice. At the close of each game he shall declare the winner and sign the official score of the game. Rule 31. After the umpire is selected he shall not be changed during the game, except on account of illness, or by the mutual consent of both captains. Rule 32. The umpire shall allow no unreasonable delay in the progress of the game, and should any member or team par- ticipating in the game refuse to proceed with the game for a space of five minutes after directed to do so by the umpire, he shall declare the game forfeited to the other team. SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. 23 Rule 33. No appeal shall be allowed from the decision of the um- pire, except for a clear misinterpretation of the rules or regulations. Rule 34. The captains of the opposing teams shall each select a scorer, who shall keep a correct score of the game, and after the completion of the game they shall sign the official scores. The scores shall be official when so signed by the scorers and umpire. No change shall be made in the scorers during the progress of the game unless for incompetence, illness or by the mutual consent of both captains. Rule 35. The umpire and scorers in a game shall be disinter- ested, and are not permitted to be interested, directly or indi- rectly, in any bet or wager on the game, and if either of the said officials shall at any time during the game be found to be so interested, he shall be immediately removed. Should such re- moved official refuse to retire from the game on demand of either captain, it shall be sufficient ground for sustaining a pro- test of the game in which such disqualified official served. Rule 2>^. A member of a team, club or association, whose team, club or- association is engaged in playing a contested game, who shall either directly or indirectly tamper with the alleys, pins, balls, or in any manner whatsoever seek by unfair means to secure any advantage over his opponents, shall, upon proof thereof, be forever disqualified from participating in any match or tournament game, and the game in which such unfair ad- vantage was so secured or attempted to be secured shall be de- clared forfeited by the umpire to the opposing team. Rule 37. A team failing to meet its schedule engagements, unless such failure shall be occasioned by some unavoidable cause, or by previous postponement had as provided by the rules gov- erning such cases, and in force in such tournaments, shall forfeit such schedule games, and upon investigation of the case by the managing committee of such league, association or tournament, unless satisfactory reasons can be assigned for such default, the team or such of its members who cause such default, or the entire club, shall be expelled from membership in such league, association or tournament, as the case may be. 21 SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. Rule 38. When a club, team, or league is expelled aJl games played by it in such tournament shall be null and void, and shall not be counted as games played. Rule 39. When a game or games shall be forfeited under the rules, the team not at fault shall play its regular schedule games the same as though they were actually contested, and the scores and averages so made shall be credited and recorded. Rule 40. When a bowler is suspended or expelled from his club for non-payment of dues, or for conduct derogatory to the best interests of the game, he shall be prohibited and disqualified from thereafter playing in any club, team, league or tournament, and any such organization which shall knowingly play such dis- qualified player, after receiving written notice of his disqualifi- cation, shall forfeit all games in which such disqualified player has taken part and such organization may be suspended from membership upon vote of the managing committee of such organi- zation holding the tournament. RULES TO GOVERN ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT OF CLUBS, LEAGUES AND TOURNAMENT ASSOCIATIONS. Rule 41. All clubs, leagues and tournament associations shall be organized and conducted in accordance with the following regulations, and their games shall be played in strict conformity with the playing rules of the American Bowling Congress. Rule 42. A bowling league or tournament association is defined to be an organization formed for the purpose of conduct- ing among its members any bowling game recognized by the Con- stitution, Rules and Regulations of the American Bowling Con- gress. Such leagues or tournament associations must have a membership of at least six bowling clubs, regularly organized, as provided by the rules of the American Bowling Congress, and shall conduct at least one annual tournament. Such league or tournament association shall, by its rules, provide for the desig- nation of the annual champion team and individual, in the game played under its auspices, and shall certify its said champion to SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. 25 the secretary of this organization within ten days after such champions shall have been determmed. Rule 43. The owner or employes of the alleys whereon the tournament games of a league or tournament association are played shall be disqualified from receiving any individual prize offered by such league or tournament association in such contest. Rule 44. Such league or tournament association and the clubs comprising its membership must conduct and play all their games and tournaments in strict compliance with the rules and regu- lations governing such games, as adopted by the A. B. C. Bowling Congress. Rule 45. Such league or tournament association must have a constitution and by-laws which provide for its regular organi- zation, and for the regular election of its officers, and prescribe the duties of its officers, and which shall not conflict with the Constitution, Rules and Regulations of the American Bowling Congress. Rule 46. A bowling club or team to be qualified to become a member of a city association or become eligible to participate in a league or tournament within the jurisdiction of the city asso- ciation, must be regularly organized, and in existence at least thirty days prior to the filing of application for such membership or entry, and it must be governed by a constitution and by-laws not inconsistent with the Constitution, Rules and Regulations of the American Bowling Congress, or of the league or tournament association to which it applies for membership. Rule 47. All clubs or teams to be eligible to participate in the national tournament of the Congress must be a member of a city association at least thirty days prior to the opening date of the tournament and must have been in existen<:e at least sixty days prior to the time of filing such application for mem- bership to the city association. Rule 48. Such application must be accompanied with a full list of all eligible members and officers of such applicant, and shall also name the time and place of holding its regular prac- tice meetings, and such club must either have a place of meeting in regular practice, and must so meet at least once in every two 26 SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. weeks upon alleys of which it is the owner or lessee, or be regularly entered and compete in the annual tournament of one or more leagues or tournament associations. Provided that in any city where it is deemed necessary and in the best interest of the game, the City Association may require that the bowling clubs meet at least once each week during the bowling season upon alleys of which they are the owners or lessees. Rule 49. A club having entered a team for competition in any league or tournament association, which shall be found at some subsequent time during such tournament, not qualified under the rules, shall upon proof thereof, forfeit all games rolled in such tournament, and any and all right to claim or hold any trophy or prize played for therein, and such club shall also thereby forfeit its membership in such league or tournament association. Rule 50. A bowler is defined to be a person who is a quali- fied member of a regularly organized Bowling Club, organized and existing in conformity with the rules and regulations of the American Bowling Congress. Such bowler may at the same time be a member of one or more Bowling Clubs. Provided that in any city where it is deemed necessary and in the best interests of the game the City Association may require that a bowler to be qualified must attend the regular meetings of his club, and engage in the bowling games played by it in regular practice. Rule 51. A bowler belonging to two or more clubs, entered in tournament under the jurisdiction of the A. B. C, shall not be permitted to bowl in competition in any of such tournaments against a club of which he is also a member. For a violation of this rule in which such disqualified member rolls the game shall be declared forfeited to the team with which his team or club is com- peting, and such player shall be disqualified from playing in such tournament for a period of thirty days. Rule 52. For a violation of any of the playing rules or regu- lations by a club team, or individual player affiliated with the A. B. C, the penalty shall be a suspension of such club, team or individual from all tournaments for a period of sixty days for the first offense, and expulsion for all offences committed thereafter. SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GtJIDE. 2? AMERICAN BOWLING CONGRESS RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING NATIONAL AND CITY TOURNAMENTS Rule i. The National Bowling Tournament of the American Bowling Congress shall be held at such time and place as shall from time to time be determined by the Congress, in compliance with the provisions of the Constitution and Rules of the Amer- ican Bowling Congress. All City Championship Tournaments conducted by City Associations of this Congress shall be governed by these rules. It is the duty of all City Associations of the Congress to con- duct an annual tournament for the purpose of determining the various championships in their respective cities. Rule 2. The game in such tournaments shall be played under and in strict compliance with the playing rules of the game of American Ten Pins, as adopted by the American Bowling Congress. Rule 3. To qualify a club, team or mdividual, for entry and competition in such tournaments, such club must be a regular qualified member of a City Bowling Association of the American Bowling Congress, and such team and individual must be regular qualified members of a club which is a regular qualified member of a City Bowling Association of the American Bowling Congress. Rule 4. The Executive Committee of the Congress shall pre- scribe and adopt a system for filing entry blanks and for making the schedule, and shall adopt and approve the form of entry blanks and other forms necessary to be used in each such tour- nament, and all entries shall be made in writing upon the entry blanks, so approved and adopted. Rule 5. All entries in any tournament shall be mailed or de- livered to the secretary of such tournament, and the entry fee must a(^company the entry. No entry shall be received unless it is SO made at least fifteen days prior to the opening day of the 28 Spalding's official bowling guide. tournament, except that entries which have been deposited in the United States mail and bear the postoffice stamp of a day not later than fifteen days prior to the opening day of the tourna- ment, and which comply in all respects with these rules, shall be received. After an entry has been received and filed, the entry fees shall in no case be refunded. Rule 6. The game to be played in all such tournaments shall be the American game of Ten Pins, and the events shall consist of a Five-Men Team Contest, a Two-Men Team Contest, and an Individual Contest. The winners in each event shall be de- clared the National Champion in such event, and hold such title till the next National Tournament. Rule 7. Three consecutive games shall be played by each entry, and total pins shall decide the winners. Rule 8. In case of a tie for first prize in any event, the teams or individuals tieing shall play off the tie at such time during the tournament as shall be decided by the schedule committee, by playing one game of ten frames; The winner of the tie shall be entitled to first prize and championship, the next team or indi- vidual to the second prize, etc. Any and all ties other than for first prize and position shall be decided as the tieing entries, with the consent of the schedule committee, may decide, but should the contestants fail to agree on the method of deciding the tie, then it shall be decided as the schedule committee may determine. Rule 9. In all ties the winner of the tie shall receive the prize offered for the position in which the tie occurred, the second entry to the next prize, etc., viz : If three teams are tied for second prize, the winner of the tie will receive second prize, the second team in roll-off will receive the third prize, and the third team the fourth prize. Rule 10. The schedule committee shall be composed of three persons, to be selected as follows : One by the President of the Congress, two by the local tournament officials, not later than ten days prior to the opening date of the tournament; such com- mittee shall meet, and prepare the schedule. Such schedule shall designate the name of the entry, the time when, and the alley upon SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. 29 which each entry shall begin play in each event. Such schedule shall be prepared in the following manner : The names in each entry in the separate events shall be placed in a receptacle, and the same shall be well shaken, a disinterested person being blind- folded, shall then draw one at a time the names from such re- ceptacle and as drawn the names shall be placed on the schedule in consecutive order, beginning with the first alley and the time of rolling of the event, and so continued in consecutive order, until all are drawn and placed. No change shall be made in such order unless sanctioned by the Executive Committee of the Congress. Rule ii. In all National Tournaments the order of bowling the events shall be decided by the local schedule committee, pro- vided, however, that when it is practicable, no two-men team or individual entry, also entered in a five-men team, shall bowl in such two-men or individual event until he has bowled with his five-men team. Rule 12. All team and individual entries shall be notified in writing at least five days before the time of the opening of the tournament, of the time when they are scheduled to bowl in such tournament, and such teams and individuals must appear and be ready to bowl at least fifteen minutes before such time. A team or individual neglecting to appear ready to bowl at time scheduled will forfeit the entry, and the place on the alley of such defaulting team or individual shall remain vacant; no other person, other than those entered and scheduled to bowl, shall be allowed to roll in such place. Rule 13. Each entry in each event shall play and complete such event on the two alleys designated on the schedule. Rule 14. If .the alleys used in such tournament are laid for the express purpose of the event, no person shall be permitted to roll upon same till the schedule is started. Should the alleys have been in use prior to such tournament, they they shall be closed at least two weeks prior to the opening day of the tournament, so SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. and they shall during such time be put in such condition so that they are in all respects true and perfect. The alleys shall in all cases be of uniform neutrality. No practice bowling upon the tournament alleys shall be permitted by the entrants or any other person at any time during the tournament. Rule 15. All teams of five men must be composed of bowlers who are qualified members of the same bowling club, and which is duly organized as provided by the rules of the Congress and is a member of a City Bowling Association of the American Bowling Congress. Rule 16. In teams of two men the members of the team need not necessarily be members of a bowling club, but they must individually be qualified members of the same bowling club quali- fied under the rules of the Congress, and such club must be a member of a City Bowling Association of the American Bowling Congress. Rule 17. Each individual entry must be a qualified member of a qualified bowling club under the rules of the American Bowling Congress, and such club must be a member of a City Bowling Association of the American Bowling Congress. Rule 18. Any violation of Rules 15, 16 or 17 shall forfeit such entry, and the person or club disqualified shall be forever barred from entry or competition in the tournaments of the American Bowling Congress. Rule 19. Not later than December i prior to the date of the tournament, the officials of such tournament shall submit to the Executive Committee of the Congress a list of the prizes to be bowled for and such list shall contain in cash prizes in an amount not less than the guarantee offer made for such tournament, and no reduction in the amount of such prizes shall thereafter be made, and if the number of entries warrant, such prizes shall be increased in number and amount so that in every case the total amount of prizes offered and paid in cash shall equal a sum not less than 85 per cent, of the total amount realized from the entry fees of such tournament. Before publication of any prize list, the same shall be first submitted to and approved by the Spalding's official bowling guide. 31 Executive Committee of the Congress, which Committee shall have the power to make alterations therein. If the tournament officials shall default in any of the provisions of this rule, it shall be sufficient cause on the part of the Executive Committee to enforce the powers granted it by Section 7 of Article 6 of the Constitution of the Congress. Rule 20. Each team or individual entrant in a National or City Tournament shall be permitted to appoint a scorer, who may accompany them on the tournament alleys and who may keep the score on a large sheet, board or score-book provided for that purpose. Said scorer shall check each completed frame with an individual scorer to be appointed by the local tourna- ment officials. Any dispute or disagreement between said scorers shall be immediately referred to and decided by the umpire or the Executive Committee of the Congress or City Association. Rule 21. All appeals from the decision of the umpires or protests shall be made to, and be decided by, the Executive Committee of the Congress, and such Committee shall render a. decision thereon within twenty-four hours after submission. Such appeal or protest shall in all cases be made in writing, and be signed by the party taking the appeal or making the protest, and shall briefly state the grounds of appeal or protest. The decision of the Committee shall be final and binding upon all entrants and the officials of such tournament. Rule 22. No bowler in any team event shall be permitted to enter or play for or with more than one team. Rule 23. The pins used in all National Tournaments shall weigh not less than 3 pounds 2 ounces nor more than 3 pounds 4 ounces. New sets of pins shall be placed on each alley, and used beginning with the first game of each day of the tourna- ment. Rule 24. The local tournament committee shall furnish and provide free admission to the tournament games to all visiting entrants therein, limiting the number of tickets to be issued to visiting entrants in thb five-men teams not to exceed ten in number; in the two-men teams not to exceed three in ntunber; and to individuals not to exceed two in number. S2 SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. Rule 25. The entry fee shall in no case exceed the sum of $5.00 per man in each event. Rule 26. All prizes shall be paid and distributed to the win- ners within twenty-four hours after the event in which they are won is completed, and the local tournament committee shall in all cases be held responsible for the proper distribution of such prizes to the right parties. Rule 27. The Executive Committee of the Congress shall have the power, and it shall be its duty to enforce strict com- pliance with the provisions of the foregomg rules, and to enforce any and all penalties provided therein, or by the rules of the Congress. Rule 28. The local tournament officials may provide such other rules, not inconsistent with these rules, or the playing rules of the Congress, as may be found necessary to the successful conduct of such tournament, provided such rules be first sub- mitted to, and be approved by the Executive Committee of the Congress, and publication thereof be made at least sixty days prior to the opening of the tournament. Rule 29. It is hereby declared to be the policy of the Ameri- can Bowling Congress, that any and all forms of gambling in or upon the premises whereon are conducted the National Tournaments, upon the results of such tournaments should be absolutely prohibited and condemned; therefore, any and all persons are hereby prohibited from engaging in, or conducting in or upon the premises whereon is conducted any National Tournament of the Congress, any book-making, pool selling, bet- ting, or gambling in any form, upon the results of the play in such tournaments, and it is hereby made the duty of the local tournament officials and the members of the Executive Commit- tee of the Congress to secure a strict enforcement of this rule, and to eject from such premises any and all persons found violat- ing its provisions. ^. Rule 30. The officials of the Association or Company under whose direction the annual tournament of the Congress is held, shall furnish to the officials of the Congress an official pass which Spalding's OFFICI^L bowling guide. 33 will give them free admission and access to all parts of the tournament and building. Rule 31. In applying these rules to City Tournaments the word "Congress" should be construed as "City Association," the word "national" as "city," the words "Executive Committee of the A. B. C." as "Executive Committee of the City Asso- ciation," etc., etc. Rule 32. All clubs and bowlers participating in A. B. C. Tournaments must wear uniform shirts. 34 Spalding's official bowling guide. SPARES: HOW THEY ARE MADE "Spare bowling is what counts" is an aphorism of the alleys. Straight strikes are better than straight spares, but it is next to impossible to make many strikes in succession, while the science of bowling- will permit a man to make every frame a spare. And unless strikes do come in succession they are no better than spares. There are certain balls that are called strike balls, which, if bowled, will result the greater number of times in strikes, and therein is a bowler's skill shown. But the fortunes of the game turn a great many strike balls into the worst splits and a great many split balls into fluke strikes. This element of chance is not nearly so great in spare bowling for the majority of spares have to be made in certain ways. A diiificult spare will call for more applause than any strike. In order to illustrate the proper way to go after some of the pin combinations that confront a t)0wler, let it be remembered that every pin is numbered. The head pin is numbered i, and 2 and 3 are in the second row from, right to left ; 4, 5 and 6 in the third row, and 7, 8, 9 and 10 in the fourth row. In the first diagram are shown two splits that are frequent. They are the 2 and 7 and the 3 and 10, and are called "baby splits," because of the ease with which they are made. If it is the 2 — 7 bowl either a side or center ball, hitting the 2-pin a little to the right. If the 3 — 10, hit the 3-pin a little to the left. In both of these cases the first pin struck will take with it the other pin. Another way to make the spares is to bowl between the pins, making the ball take both. A difficult spare is the 6 — 7 — 10 in the second diagram. For- tunately this break is not a common one. A straight ball, slightly kissing the 6-pin on the off side will get the lo-pin, whilf^ the 6-pin will fly over and get the 7-pin. This is the only way to make this spare. The 3 — 7 — 10, in the third diagram, is not so SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. FIG. I FIG. 2 t O O ji b o o' FIG. 4 o • o o • o o ••.... 9 o o o""^ o o I^J c FIG. 3 O O O (i o FIG. 5 #.. o o • o '^.^^ FIG 6 •.. O °P \\\ 1 1 » • 1 36 SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. difficult. The ball should take the 3-pin thin on the right side. The ball will get the lo-pin, and the 3-pin will take the 7-pin. The 2 — 7 — 10 is the same sort of a spare, and here the 2-pin should be hit on the left side. The 2 — 5 — 8 spare, in the fourth diagram, appears to the un- initiated an easy one, but it is not. A straight ball, hitting the 2-pin full will usually do the work, but such a shot is not the easiest to make. This spare will allow of a "trip" shot. By hit- ting the 2-pin thin on the left side it will be driven against the 5 and 8-pin. The 5 — 6 — 10 spare is a nice one. A straight ball, hitting the 6-pin fuller than the 5, will make it. If the 5 or 6-pins are hit with equal fullness they will glance out, leaving the lo-pin standing. The 6-pin must be hit full enough to be driven for- ward. The 5 — 7 and the 5 — lo spares are made by hitting the 5-pin thin on the left, if it is the 5 — 7, and thin on the right, if it is the 5 — lo. According to experts, it is foolish to try and convert such splits as the 4 — 6, 7 — 9 and the 8 — 10 into spares. Once in a while they are made, but it is pure luck, such as a rebound or a miserable flopping of the pins. With such a split-up the bowler should content himself with one pin. The 5 — 6 — 7 spare in the sixth diagram is not an uncommon one. A straight ball hitting the 5-pin a little fuller than the 6-pIn will take both of these pins, and will send the 5-pin across to the 7-pin, A ball hitting the 5 and 6 pins with equal fullness will usually make the spare. SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. 37 A FEW HINTS TO BEGINNERS There is no better sport for the winter season than bowling. For centuries men have wrought physical benefit from it, and at the same time, have had a good share of fun. There is good and bad of everything, but it is just as easy to be a good bowler as it is to be a bad one. All that is required of a player, is to understand that the brain counts a good deal in rolling the ball. If one does not intend to use his brains at the game, he might as well not spend his time at it. To those be- ginning to learn the rudiments of the game — that is the part where strikes will be as frequent as splits, it will be well for them to remember, that they cannot engage in conversation of any sort. The mind must be entirely absorbed in the rolling of the ball, and sight of the ten pins at the foot of the alley, should not be lost. But, there is the handling of the ball, too, which is just as essential. A man's size makes no difference. There are all sizes of balls, to fit everybody. One mistake of a beginner might be here pointed out. He takes to a big ball, believing that its exe- cution is greater. As a matter of fact, it is, but not for the new man. A small ball, no matter if it is only an eight-pounder, will teach how to reach the pins, better than a bigger one. One must never begin the game, believing that he should be a star at the start. He can't be. Only patience and practice will de- velop him. For the beginner, I would suggest that he take the ball best adapted to his size, and begin by rolling it down the middle of the alley, without taking any run whatever. When his hand and arm become steady by this sort of practice, then by degrees he can edge to the side of the alley, learning all the time the side delivery. His delivery will be slow at first, but speed is later development. After all this i3 done, he can begin taking 3?? Spalding's official bowling guide. a few steps of start. Not with the intention of getting speed that will tear out the end of the alley. Let time take its course, and it will bring out all the bowling qualities in a man. It is not well for a novice to roll constantly. A couple of hours' practice each day, will prove more beneficial than a longer period. He is not so apt to become muscle-bound, instead the muscles will become pliable. As I said in the beginning, no better mode of physical devel- opment has ever been evolved than that of bowling. There is not a single organ of the human body that it does not benefit. Every part of the body is brought into play. The arms become bigger and stronger through swinging. The legs gain in strength through their little sprint, and by bending at the time the ball is sent rolling pinward. The body itself is ever being twisted and turned, just enough to keep it in good shape. By the latter exercise, the stomach is kept always in good condition. For a person to stick to the game as persistently as I have, I don't think medical skill can introduce any better elixir of life. It will lengthen one's years to a certainty. Here are a few hints beginners should not forget to remember. BALL AND GRIP. Select a light weight, or undersized ball — 25 or 26 inches in circumference is large enough for the first trial. See that the thumb and finger holes are the right size, and be particular to see that the holes are the proper distance apart. You cannot control the ball if the hand is cramped. POSITION. Stand erect on the approach about 10 feet back of the foul line ; face the pins ; let the weight of the ball rest on the left hand ; take a firm grip with the right hand, swing the ball (once) and see if the grip is all right ; if your hand perspires, causing the ball to slip, use your handkerchief or a towel, not chalk or resin. St»ALDING's 0]^FICIAL BOWLING GUlbft. Sd DELIVERY. Do not run; walk three or four fast steps; start with the right foot, and deliver the ball with the left foot in front; do not bend your arm or back ; keep your feet far apart, bend your knees, and deliver the ball, when your right hand is in within 12 inches of the alley bed; the ball should strike the alley within two feet in front of your left or front foot. DIRECTION AND SPEED. Form an imaginary line to the right side of head pin and bowl on that line; use just enough speed to make the ball go straight to the head pin ; pay no attention to your score ; better leave all but the No. i pin off the alley until you have mastered your delivery. CURVED BALL. Let the other fellow use the curve — he will find it very ex- pensive; the curved ball is hard to control; the most expert players acknowledge that it will not work on some alleys; the surface of the beds must be "just right"; the polish perfectly dry. and not too smooth; the bowler must use just the right speed; dirt or chalk on the ball or alley will change the course of the balL 40 SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. GOOD SPORT FOR WOMEN It is really astonishing how many women have taken to bowling. When the sport received its first boom it was at once said that it was strictly a game for the masculine sex. Since then, how- ever, there has been a wonderful change. Women have not only taken to the sport, but women's clubs, and women's tourna- ments have sprung up everywhere like mushrooms over night. The East and the West both boast of some excellent women bowlers, but until they come together in competition, it is diffi- cult to say which part of the country really has the fair champion. A prominent woman bowler, in speaking of the benefit to be attained by the fair sex in playing the game, has this to say: "To the woman with an opportunity bowling offers many at- tractions. As a means of passing the long winter evenings, the game is both healthful and enjoyable. No exercise is more in- vigorating; it brings to the eye a sparkle, and a glow to the cheek, which many a woman may well envy. In addition to the benefits derived from the muscular exertion, at no time severe, there is also the healthful excitement of the contest and the sociability which the game promotes. "As in every other game, practice makes perfect, but here may be said, to become fairly proficient does not need a great deal of playing. It is an invariable rule, that any one who takes up the game becomes an enthusiast, and with more practice at last be- comes a good player. Yet, it is not necessary to be skilled, in order to enjoy oneself. I do not know of an instance of a girl, who, having learned the game, has willingly given it up for any other form of amusement. Before learning to bowl, I was a Spalding's official bowling guide. 41 great card player, whist, euchre, pedro, and the rest; now I very seldom touch a card. All of the spare time that I can find is spent in bowling or coaching some inexperienced player. "Women are hard to teach. When you show a man where he can better his playing, as a general rule he accepts the suggestion, and endeavors to remedy the defect. A woman rarely ever does, and that is the reason, probably, why women are not, as a class, as good bowlers as men. You can tell her, illustrate what you are saying, prove your point conclusively, and she will admit it. Then some inward feeling prohibits her from carrying out what she knows to be the right. You may call it stubbornness, or whatever you like, but all women are that way, more or less, and they cannot Help it. "Then, there are some, who will not admit that you are in the right. To them one way is as good as another. Their idea of bowling, is to fling the ball down the alley. If it goes into the gutter, as it generally does, or only takes off the seven or ten pin, they blame the alley, the pins, the boys, in fact everything but themselves. That is where the fault is most often to be found. Its the woman behind the ball that is responsible. "A certain per cent, of women who bowl on my alley always stand up straight and loft the ball down the alley from that posi' tion. If I tell them, that it is not only bad form, detrimental to good bowling, and high scores, and injurious to the alleys as well, they think that we are looking out for our own interests, and that as long, as they are paying for the use of the alley, they can do as they like, missing entirely the point that we are trying to help them in their bowling. "Personally, I believe that there is a wrong way, and a right way to bowl. Nearly every bowler has a little peculiar motion that is all his own, and some successful bowlers seem to put all theories at fault. Still I think that the player choosing the right method to begin with will meet with quicker and more per- manent success. It is my opinion that the ones who are success- ful with any other than the correct way would be even better bowlers had they been taught the proper method in the begin- 42 SPALDING*S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE, ning. At first, it seems hard to tell in print how to bowl suc- cessfully, but, perhaps a few suggestions may be of benefit to the inexperienced woman bowler. "In the first place, a woman should dress properly. It is not necessary that she should have a bowling costume, A short walking skit, shirt waist, and low heeled shoes, make an excellent combination. Every garment should fit loosely, and allow free- dom of action to all the muscles, and to the back and shoulders in particular: It is an impossibility to get any. easy or graceful delivery, or to control the ball, if one is dressed in tight-fitting clothes, and high-heeled shoes. "In bowling for high scores it is essential that a heavy ball should be used, the fifteen-pound ball, the heaviest made for women. One gets better results, and more exercise with that, than with a lighter one. Of course, the beginner should start with a small one, and increase the size gradually. The game is so fascinating that the novice is apt to overdo it at first, resulting in a sore back and muscles for a time. "A beginner should stand erect, holding the ball a little higher than the waist; then step forward with the left foot, the same time letting the ball swing downward and backward at full arm's length. The swinging of the ball and the movement of the body forward toward the foul line must be in perfect rhythm. "All bowlers should look at the alleys when delivering the ball ; in fact, at the exact spot it is desired to hit. No more than three steps should be used in delivery, as a player can acquire just as much speed and more accuracy in this way, than if he takes a longer run. , "Do not use quick, jerky steps, but even, smooth ones, and do not crook the arm but allow the weight of the ball to keep it hanging straight. When delivering, swing the ball as near the body as possible, and keep it moving in a straight line. "When letting go of the ball, stoop as near to the alleys as pos- sible, so that the ball in effect glides away from you, A ball should never be lofted, or thrown down the alley. It should leave the players hand without any preceptible noise. SPALDING S OFFICIAI- BOWLING GUIDE. 43 "A beginner's first consideration should be of the foul line, for in league contests, or match games, a foul is committed if the player's foot crosses the line. Therefore, the beginner should school herself from the first to avoid such a foul. "Confidence is half the victory in any game, and it is especially so in bowling. Luck is also a factor, and a bowler who believes in his luck, and goes at the pins with coi.fidence, will probably make good scores, where the least hesitancy or lack of nerve will cause an awful slump. "Yes, it is my ambition to make a still higher score than I have. Some day I mean to roll three hundred, the highest score that any one can make, either man or woman." Mrs. Gertrude Hull, one of the best woman bowlers in the country, has the following to give to the fair sex who are anxious to become experts at the game : "I am fully convinced, that if properly instructed, any one can learn to bowl without injuring themselves. "Some are of the opinion that the exercise is too violent, but I do not think this true, if indulged in moderately. The game, however, is so fascinating, and one becomes so enthusiastic, that she often plays too many games the first time she bowls. This should not be done as it is liable to injure one who is not ac- customed to so much exercise. "It is only natural that women who participate in no gym- nastics, do not play tennis, golf, or enjoy any other exercise out of the ordinary, should have soft muscles, and should they take up any of these games, and not use the proper judgment when learning, their muscles will feel sore in consequence. "If beginners will select a light weight, or undersized ball, and see that the thumb and finger holes are of the right size, also that they are the correct distance apart, they can hold the ball firmly without cramping the hand. ''A woman's first position is somewhat different from that of a man, as it is necessary, and I think, advisable for them to lean slightly toward the pins, and rest upon the balls of the feet instead 44 Spalding's official bowling guide. of upon the heels. It is impossible for women to start with a jump as do some of the most expert men bowlers. Let the weight of the ball rest upon the left hand until you have secured a firm grip with the right. "Start with the right foot, and take four steps, the fourth being a little slide. Deliver the ball with the wrist perfectly straight and with the left foot in front down the center of the alley. Do not try to curve the ball, as unless you have sufficient speed it will curve naturally to the right or left. After you have mastered the delivery and become more accurate, you will secure better results by starting from the right hand corner of the alley." Spalding's official bowling guide. 45 HOW TO COMPILE A SCHEDULE One of the most difficult problems confronting the organizers of bowling tournaments is the preparation of a schedule. To the uninitiated this is a puzzle as unsolvable as the oft-tried "Pigs in the Clover" and the famous "15" and there are really few wha can work out the problems with any degree of satisfaction. In fact, up to a few years ago there were but a few persons who had the proper key to the difficulty, and even now, although there are many who claim to be able to solve the problem, when it comes time to do the work, they generally fail in handling this knotty proposition. The nine, fifteen and twenty-one team tournaments are the most popular in the East, while the six and twelve club compe- titions rule in the West. All of these, however, are more simple of execution than those involving competitions in which more or less teams are engaged. The principal object is to arrange schedules so that the clubs will end even, so to speak — that is, the teams be so assigned that not more than three clubs wiU meet on any night. This is possible in a nine, fifteen and twenty- one team schedule, while even a nineteen team competition has been worked out in the same way. All others up to twenty-one have odd nights, so called, where four or more clubs are com- pelled to bowl. At the time of the year when the season is about to begin, the schedule makers are having their busiest time. There are as many systems perhaps as there are schedules. This is the key for the twenty-one club schedule, which never goes wrong: 46 Spalding's official bowling guide. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 16 17 18 19 20 21 17 18 19 20 21 18 19 20 21 19 20 21 20 21 21 After having compiled the above table, the schedule maker proceeds to group his numbers for each bowling night. It is customary to have the twenty-one teams bowl once around be- fore starting on the next series. Hence teams i, 2 and 3 are selected as a starter. Consequently the figures 2 and 3 under the first column and the 3 under the second column are checked off to show that they have been used, and the combination 1-2-3 is set below. Then follow 4, 5 and 6 for the second night. The 5 and 6 in the fourth column and the 6 in the fifth column are checked off and the combination 4-5-6 placed under the first com- bination i-2-.'V. Spalding's official bowling guide. 47 The same process is pursued with 7, 8 and 9; 10, 11, and 12; 13, 14 and 15; 16, 17 and 18; 19, 20 and 21. Whereupon the whole table has this appearance: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ^X 4 ;i /$ 7 X^10>f>2'l3>4'>«fl6>^>^19;2<5^ X 4 5X7 8 X 10 11 >^ 13 14 >J^ 16 17 ;^ 19 20 ^if I 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 23 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 IT 18 19 20 21 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 16 17 18 19 20 21 17 18 19 20 21 18 19 20 21 19 20 21 20 21 21 And the schedule up to that point, looks like this : 1_ 2— 3 10—11—12 16—17—18 4_ 5_ 6 13—14—15 19—20—21 7_ 8— 9 Continuing on the same plan and avoiding numbers that have already been paired (a fact that may be easily discerned by con- sulting theif respective columns), the following complete sched- ule, ready for business, will be secured: 48 Spalding's official bowling guide. TWENTY 1— 2— 3 4— 5— 6 7— 8— 9 10—11—12 13—14—15 16—17—18 19—20—21 4— 3— 7 12— 1—13 2—14 — 8 9—18—10 11— 6—17 4 — 15 — 19 20—16— 7 9—21— 5 3—13—10 1— 6—20 19—18—11 12—21—15 9—14—16 8—17—19 19— 5— 2 7—10— 1 5— 3— 8 ONE CLUB SCHEDULE. 6— 2—21 4—20—14 12— 9—17 16— 2—13 15—11— 3 14—19— 7 21— 1— 8 17—10— 5 12—18— 4 9—11 — 20 13— 6— 7 5—15—16 4— 8—11 17—14— 1 3—20—18 16—12— 6 11—13—21 15— 2— 9 6—10—19 9— 1— 4 5— 7—12 5—18—13 3—21—17 7—11— 2 15— 6— 8 19— 3—16 10—14—21 5—13—20 12—14 — 3 18—15— 1 10— 4— 2 9—19—13 2—20—17 6—14-18 16— 1—11 15—20—10 21—18— 7 19— 7— 5 12—20— 8 7—17—15 6 — 3—9 4—16—21 11— 5—14 10— 8—16 12— 2—19 4—17—13 Having secured this, the rest is comparatively easy. The names of the different teams are placed in a hat and drawn out in regular order, the first to be drawn being numbered i, and so on until all have been numbered. Thereupon the names are supplied in place of the figures and the schedule is complete with the dates placed beside the different combinations. Trouble is sometimes encountered because clubs desire to avoid certain dates. This can only be done by shifting the combina- tions about so that the clubs may be accommodated. Sometimes Spalding's official bowling guide. 49 it is necessary to break combinations, adding more trouble to the unfortunate schedule maker The same process as in a twenty-one team schedule is pur- sued in compiling a fifteen club series, the combinations secured being as follows : FIFTEEN-CLUB SCHEDULE. 1— 2— 3 4—11—13 3— 8—12 4 — 5— 6 8—10— 5 6—10 — 15 7— 8— 9 1—6—9 14—12— 8 10—11—12 2 — 7—12 2— 9—13 13—14—15 11— 9—14 5— 7— 3 9—10— 3 15 — 4 — 7 1—12—15 11— 2— 5 13— 1—10 11— 7— 1 13— 6— 7 2—14— 6 2—10 — 4 8— 1— 4 3—11—15 8—11— 6 5— 9—15 12— 9— 4 13—12— 5 6—12— 3 14— 5— 1 8— 2—15 14—10— 7 4—14— 3 Of course, after the usual drawing, the names of the clubs are substituted for the figures and the dates having been assigned, the schedule is completed. The nine team schedules is the simplest of the lot. and is as follows : NINE-CLUB SCHEDULE. 1—2—3 4—2—8 6—9—2 4—5—6 7—3—6 1—6—8 7—8—9 1—4—7 2—5—7 5—9—1 3—8—5 3—9—4 All the above schedules may be used for individual and team tournaments, although it would be well to limit the maximum membership of each team to five. However, it is possible to bowl three games between ten men teams in a night. 50 Spalding's official bowling guide. EIGHT CLUB SCHEDULE. • Western bowlers as a rule, prefer to* bowl a two-team series, that is, have two teams bowl three games against one another each night. The following arrangement of figures is for an eight club schedule and should be followed in all schedules having more or less teams, the total number of which is divisible by 2, such as p 4, 6, 10, 12, etc. 1—2 1—3 2—3 1—4 2—4 3 — 4 1—5 2—5 3—5 4—5 1—6 2—6 3—6 4—6 5—6 1—7 2—7 3—7 4—7 5—7 6—7 1 — 8 2 — 8 3—8 4—8 5—8 6—8 7 — 8 Selecting the combinations for the schedule and checking them off, as in the twenty-one team arrangement, the following is the result. 1—2 3—4 5—6 7—8 1—3 2 — 4 5—7 6—8 1—4 2—7 3—6 5—8 1 — 5 2—3 6—7 4—8 1—6 3—5 4—7 2—8 1 — 7 2—6 4—5 3—8 1—8 2—5 3—7 4—6 The order in which the series is to be bowled is arranged across the column, the supposition being that the eight teams are to bowl one game each night. Where more games are to be rolled the teams may be split up, 1-2 and 3-4 bowling the first night, and 5-6 and 7-8 the next, and so on. , The above schedules should be used as keys for future tourna- ments. SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. 51 HOW TO SCORE True, bowling as a game itself is a hard proposition to the be- ginner; but a question that even perplexes him more is the method of scoring the game. A few minutes explanation by the expert can do more good than all written explanations of how the game should be scored, but then everybody cannot get the benefit of the expert's knowledge, and it is for these that the following tabulated formulas are arranged. To begin with, the score book, or board, or score sheet, is subdivided into horizontal and perpendicular lines. The number of horizontal lines is equal to the number of players in the game, plus 3, and the number of perpendicular lines to 14, plus the two border or outside lines. Room sufficient to permit of the writing in of the players' names must be allowed between the left-hand border and first perpendicular line, after which the remaining space is divided into fourteen equal parts. The four places at the extreme right are reserved for the totals, and begin from the left, placed in this order: strikes, spares, breaks, and game. The remaining places are known as frames, and are ten in number. In all alleys the diagram will be found upon a side wall at a convenient height to permit scoring. The game is, as its name designates, a game of ten pins, and consists of rolling a number of balls, with the object in view of removing as many pins from the alley with each ball as is possible. Two balls are allowed each bowler to each frame. Should the first ball remove the en- tire ten, the bowler is credited with a strike (X), which is placed in the upper right-hand corner of the frame in which he was bowl- ing. Should it necessitate two balls before they are all removed, the bowler scores a spare (>), which, like the strike, should be placed in the upper right-hand corner of the frame in which it is made. If the player should fail to remove the pins with two balls, it is known as a break, and the bowler is entitled to the number of pins down. Impossible spares or breaks, where a pin is miss- ing from between, are known as " splits," and marked thus: ^o\ Spalding's official bowling guide, score book or board. FRAMES n 5 CO 1 PLAYERS I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ID TOTALS Now let us suppose that Mr. Blank has entered on the alleys and starts to roll a practice game, single-handed; the first ball he rolls knocks down five pins, the second, two, making a total of seven in the frame, which is placed to his credit on the blackboard or score book, thus : Players. 1 GAME 2 3 BY FRAMES. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mr. Blank 7 In the next frame his first ball takes nine pins down, and the one remaining pin is carried off by the second ball. He is then credited with a spare in the second frame like this : Players. 1 GAME 2 3 BY 4 FRAMES. 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mr. Blank 7 V "' He starts on his third frame, and with the first ball he knocks down four pins; with the first and second balls in the second frame he had cleared the alley, scoring lo pins, which, added to SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. 53 the number of pins made by the spare ball, equals 14; now, the score of every frame must have added to it the score of every preceding frame. The score in the preceding frame, 7, and in the second frame, 14, giving a total of 21, and is placed in the second frame : Players. 1 GAME 2 3 BY FRAMES. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mr. Blank 7 V 21 But he is still on the third frame, and the spare ball tallied in \he second frame counts the same number of pins in the third frame, which makes it also count as the first ball in the third frame. There is still one ball left with which to remove the remaining pins ; with it he removes all the pins and counts a spare, which is placed in the upper right-hand corner. Players. 1 2 GAME 3 BY FRAMES. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mr. Blank 7 V 21 V With the first ball in the fourth frame he scores 6 pins, which, added to the 10 already made, as indicated by the spare in the third frame, gives him a total of 16, which, added to the score of the second frame, 21, gives the score for the third frame as 37. Players. 1 2 GAME 3 BY 4 FRAMES. 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mr. Blank 7 V 21 V 37 S4 SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. After bowling the remaining ball, by which he knocked over three additional pins, which, added to the 6 on the spare ball in the third frame, which is also the first ball in the fourth frame, gives a total for that frame of 9, which, added to the 2)7 in the third frame, gives a grand total of 46. Players. 1 GAMfi 2 3 BY FRAMES. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mr. Blank 7 V 21 V 37 46 In the next, or fifth frame, he removes all the pins with the first ball, thus scoring a strike : Players. 1 GAME 2 3 BY FRAMES. 4 5 6 r. 8 9 10 Mr. Blank 7 V 21 V 37 46 X And in the sixth frame by removing all the pins with two balls, he scores a spare : Players. 1 2 GAME 3 BY FRAMES. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mr. Blank 7 V 21 V 37 46 X 66 V Having made a strike in the fifth frame, it gives him ten pins for one ball, and two balls to be rolled in the sixth frame, and their totals to be counted in the fifth frame ; with them he scored a spare of 10, which gives a total of 20 on the fifth frame. This, added to 46 in the fourth frame, makes his score for the fifth frame 66, and a spare in the sixth frame, as shown above. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. 55 In the seventh frame he again makes a strike, or lo pins, which, when added to the lo pins scored with the first and second balls in the sixth frame, makes 20 pins, which is to be added to the 66 pins in the fifth frame, and tallied in the sixth frame, 86. Players. 1 2 GAME 3 BY 4 FRAMES. 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mr. Blank 7 V 21 V 37 46 X 66 86 X 1 1 He begins in the eighth frame, and, with the first and second ball he removes 7 pins, which, added to the 10 pins made with the first ball or strike, gives him a total of 17 pins, to which is added the 86 pins in the sixth frame, and closes the seventh frame with 103, and the eighth with no. Players. 1 2 GAME 3 BY 4 FRAMES. 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mr. Blank 7 V 21 V 37 46 X 66 V 86 X 103 110 The ninth frame is begun evenly again, and with the first and second ball he knocks down all the pins, scoring a spare : Players. 1 GAME 2 3 BY FRAMES. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mr. Blank 7 J V 37 46 X 66 V 86 X 103 110 V 1 Now comes the "wind-up" or tenth frame. On the first ball he makes a strike or 10 pins, added to the 10 pins made with the first and second balls in the ninth frame, gives him 20, which, added to the no in the eighth frame, closes the ninth frame with 130. B6 SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. There are now two balls yet to be rolled in the tenth frame, and the pins being all down, are again set up ; with the second bal) he again makes a strike, and one more ball to be rolled again; the pins are set up, and, with the third ball he makes another strike ; this counts lo more or 30 in all for the tenth frame ; 10 by the first ball, 10 by the second ball and 10 by the third ball, which, added to the 130 in the ninth frame, finishes the game and gives him a grand total of 160. Players. 1 2 GAME 3 BY FRAMES. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mr. Blank 7 V 21 V 37 46 X 66 V X 86 103 110 V 130 XXX 160 ' In the first nine frames only two balls are allowed, excepting when a player makes a strike, then one is sufficient. In the tenth frame, should a player make a strike or spare, the play must be completed before leaving the alleys; if a spare, one extra ball is to be rolled. In case of a strike, two balls must be rolled. In crediting up strikes, spares, and breaks, at the conclusion of each game, it wants to be distinctly understood that there shall be credited only one "mark," whether strike or spare, for each frame rolled. Should a player make an extra strike or spare, or two or three strikes in the tenth frame, it should be credited as only one "mark," the first he made to count the remainder, re- gardless whether strike or spare, shall be credited as "pins all." Spalding's official bowling guide. 57 OTHER PROMINENT GAMES THAT CAN BE ROLLED ON REGULATION ALLEYS COCKED HAT. The game of Cocked Hat is played with the head pin and the right and left corner pins, as shown in the following diagram : Balls not exceeding 5^ inches must be bowled, and they must be rolled down the alley, not cast or thrown. The rules of the American Ten Pins, except in St. Louis and the Northwest, where there are special associations with local rules, generally govern this game also; but strikes and spares count three in- stead of ten, and each pin counts one, as in ten pins. If the bowler knocks down three pins with the ball which is first bowled at any frame in the game of Cocked Hat it is a strike and counts three, and is marked on the blackboard the same as in ten pins. What pins the bowler knocks down in the second frame with his first two balls must be reckoned as in ten pins; that is, one for each pin bowled down, which pin or pins must be added to the strike and placed to the credit of the player in the inning where the strike was scored (the strike being computed as three). Such strike must be added to pins knocked down with the two succeeding spare balls; thus, should the bowler score a strike and should he, in the next new frame, knock down but one pin with his two spare balls, the strike and the pin scored must be computed as four— the strike count- ing three and the pin one. Unlike the regular game of ten pins. 68 SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. **poodles" or balls rolled down the gutter) are fair balls, and any pin oi pins which they may get must be connted and placed to the credit of the bowler. Dead wood is removed from the alley, and any pins knocked down through dead wood remaining on the alley cannot be placed to the credit of the bowler. The maximum number which can be bowled is 90. The pins used in the Cocked Hat games shall be of the fol- lowing dimensions : 17 inches high, 5 1-4 inches diameter, and 2 1-4 inches across bottom, and shall be as near uniform in weight as possible. COCKED HAT AND FEATHER. O • • O Rule I. The pins are spotted as above, the centre pin being the feather. Rule 2. Ten innings constitute a game, and three balls (not exceeding 5 1-2 inches in size) must be used in each inning. Rule 3. All the pins except the feather have to be bowled down or the inning goes for naught. Rule 4. If the feather is left standing alone, the inning counts one. Rule 5. There are no penalties. The dead wood must be ra- moved. Any pins knocked down through the dead wood remain- ing on the alley cannot be placed to the credit of the bowler. Rule 6. The maximum is ten. GAME OF QUINTET. NAME. Rule I. The game shall be known as Quintet. SPALDING'S Ot"FICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. 59 ARRANGEMENT OF PINS. Rule 2. There shall be five pins placed upon regulation spots, as in the game of ten pins, the spots to be numbered as per the following diagram: J The head pin (No. i) is placed on the same spot as the head pin in the game of ten pins ; pin No. 4 on the same spot as No. 7 in ten pins and pin No. 5 on the same spot as No. 10 in ten pins. The pins numbered 2 and 3 are placed on spots exactly- half-way between and in line with head pin and pins numbered 4 and 5, respectively. Rule 3. A regulation quintet pin shall be 123-16 inches in circumference at the body, or the thickest part (3^ inches from bottom), 4 inches in circumference at the neck (8^ inches from the bottom), and 63-16 inches in circumference at the thickest part of the head (io5^ inches from bottom) ; shall taper gradu- ally from bottom part of body to 2 inches at the base of pin. The pin shall be 12 inches high, and be of uniform weight. The manufacturer's name and address may be also stamped thereon. THE BALL. Rule 4. The ball shall not exceed 5 inches in diameter in any direction, but smaller balls may be used. GENERAL RULES. Rule 5. The rules of the American Bowling Congress gov- erning the American game of ten pins, covering the number of frames, the alleys, foul balls, dead balls, dead wood, tie games. 60 SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUILE. match games, teams, forfeited games, tournaments, clubs, umpire, scorers, and all other points not herein specified, shall govern the game of Quintet. THE BATTLE GAME. The pins are set up the same as for the game of ten pins. Rule I. Four or six innings constitute a battle or game, except in the case of a tie, when another inning is played. In case that inning should result in a tie also, still another inning is played; in fact, until the scores are unequal. In any inning where a tie occurs the score stands over until the next inning, when each point is counted double. If the two innings result in a tie, the score is tripled. Should the total score result in a tie, sufficient innings are played to make the grand score unequal. Rule 2. The team having the largest score in the previous inning must bowl the first ball, so that the weaker party will have the last ball. Rule 3. Three balls of regulation size (27 inches in circum- ference) or under are allotted' to each player in each inning. Rule 4. Each pin bowled down counts one, including the king pin. Rule 5. If all the pins, except the king pin, are bowled down it counts twelve. , Rule 6. The pins are set up as soon as the nine pins are knocked down, or the king pin is the only one left standing. Rule 7. The alleys are changed alternately. Rule 8. The dead wood is removed after each ball is rolled. Rule 9. In case of uneven teams, the dummy or blind is filled by any substitute the captain may pick out to bowl. He can select any one of his men he chooses, without regard to rotation, or he himself can bowl, but no man can take the place of the blind twice until every member of the team has acted as the substitute. Rule 10. Poodles count as balls rolled. Any pin or pms knocked down by such balls are set up again in their former position. SPALDING-S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. ^ Rule II. A rebounding ball does not count, and any pin or pins knocked down by it are set up as in the case of a poodle ball. Rule 12. When a ball has left the hand and touches the alley it goes as a rolled ball. NINE UP AND NINE DOWN. The pins are set up the same as for the game of American Ten Pins. Kule I. Three balls (not exceeding ^ 1-2 inches in size") are bowled in each inning. Rule 2. The player must knock down a single pin, which counts one ; then, with two remaining balls, he endeavors to leave one pin standing, which counts one. Failure to do either, the inning goes for nothing. Rule 3. No penalties are attached. Dead wood must be removed. Any pins knocked down through the dead wood remaining on the alley cannot be placed to the credit of the player. Rule 4. Ten innings constitute a game. Rule 5. The maximum is 20. HEAD PIN AND FOUR BACK. o Rule I. The pins are set up as above. Rule 2. Three balls (not exceeding 5 1-2 inches in size) are allowed in each inning. Rule 3. If the four back pins are bowled down and the heaH pin is left standing the score is 2. If all the pins are bowled down the score is i. 62 Spalding's official bowling guide. Rule 4. There are no penalties. The dead wood must be removed. Any pins knocked down through the dead wood remaining on the alleys cannot be placed to the credit of the player. Rule 5. Ten innings constitute a game. Rule 6. The maximum is 20. FOUR BACK. 0000 4 3 2 I Rule I. The pins are spotted as above. Rule 2. Three balls (not exceeding 5 1-2 inches in size) are allotted to each inning. Rule 3. Each pin counts as spotted, and only one pin can be made ; the one pin being made with one ball, it is termed a break, and the player loses that inning and scores nothing. Rule 4. There are no penalties. The dead wood must be removed, Any pins knocked down through the dead wood remaining on the alleys cannot be placed to the credit of the player. TEN PINS-HEAD PIN OUT. (Also known as American Nine Pins.) 0000 000 O O Rule I. The pins are set as in the diagram. Rule 2. Ten innings constitute a game. Rule 3. Three balls (not exceeding 5 1-2 inches in size) are bowled. Rule 4. One pin of the frame muat be left standing, or the innings goes for nothing. Spalding's official bowling guide. 63 Rule 5. There are no penalties. The dead wood must be removed. Any pins knocked down through the dead wood remaining on the alley cannot be placed to the credit of the player. Rule 6. The maximum is 10. FIVE BACK. The pins are set as shown in the diagram. Rule I. Three balls (not exceeding 5 1-2 inches in size) are bowled in each inning. Rule 2. Should a left-handed bowler be bowling, the second quarter pin can be set up on the left quarter spot. Rule 3. Strikes and spares count five each. Rule 4. No penalties are attached. Dead wood must be re- moved. Any pins knocked down through dead wood remaining on the alley cannot be placed to the credit of the player. Rule 5. Ten innings constitute a game. Rule 6. The maximum is 150. THE NEWPORT GAME. The pins are set up same as for the game of American ten pins. Rule I. Three balls (not exceeding 5 1-2 inches in size) are allowed in each inning. Rule 2. Ten frames constitute a game. The object of the game is to bowl down an exact number of pins from i to 10,. but not necessarily in routine order. The player who, in ten innings, scores the least number of winning innings is the loser. For instance: A bowls down 2, 5, 7, 8, and 10; B bowls down I, 6, 8, and 9. Here B loses, as A had one more inning to his credit than B. Note.— As the larger number of pins are easy to obtain, the 64 SPALDING S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. superior skill lies in picking out the small numbers. For this rea- son the small ball is used, and the small numbers are the points of attack from the start. When the player has bowled down a certain number of pins, corresponding with any score he has made, and his remaining ball or balls will be of no avail, an X is placed under that name, indicating that the inning goes for naught, as he has already made that score. Rule 3. Only one score is allowed to each inning. Players alternate in the use of alleys. Rule 4. Balls rebounding from the cushions go for naught. TEN PIN HEAD PIN GAME. The pins are spotted the same as for the game of American ten pins. Rule I. Each player is permitted to roll twelve balls. Rule 2. The pins are respotted after each ball is rolled. Rule 3. In order to make a count, the head or front pin must be hit first,* and then pins down count. A plainer is generally permitted to roll six balls consecutively on each alley when two alleys are in use. On three alleys, four balls are rolled on each alley ; and if four alleys are used, three balls are rolled to an alley. The limit score is 120, 12 tens, which, if figured a second time, is equivalent to 300 pins, the limit score in the American game. This game can be played by teams as well as individuals, and incidentally gives the player good strike practice. All other rules governing the game of American ten pins shaH govern. DUCK PIN GAME. The pins are spotted the same as the American game of ten pins. Rule I. A regulation duck pin shall be 9 inches high, i^ inches in diameter at the top, 3^^ inches in diameter at the body of the pin, and iV^ inches in diameter at the base; shall taper gradually from the bottom to the largest part of the bod}^, and shall be as near uniform in weight as possible. Spalding's official bowling guide. 65 Rule 2. No ball exceeding 4^ inches in diameter can be used in games. Rule 3. Each player to roll three balls to each frame, and each player to roll two frames at a time. Rule 4. A line shall be drawn ten feet beyond the regular foul line, and any ball delivered beyond first-named line shall be declared foul. All other rules applying to American ten pins govern. NINE PIN HEAD PIN GAME. The pins in this game are set up like this : O o o 000 o o o There are nine pins spotted. The game is divided into twelve frames, in each of which a bowler is allowed twelve balls, one to each frame, two balls being rolled on each alley. The object is to knock down the head pin first ; when this is done, all pins falling in consequence are credited, but do not if the head pin is not struck, in which case the ball is lost to the bowler. All pins are respotted after each ball has been rolled, and each pin counts I ; the maximum score is 108. CANDLE (RUBBER NECK) PIN GAME. The pins are spotted the same as the American game of ten pins. Rule I. A Regulation Candle Pin shall be I4>< inches high, I ^ inches in diameter at the top, 4 inches in diameter at the body, and 2^4 inches in diameter at the base. The neck of the pin shall be 7^ inches long. The pins shall be as near uniform in weight as possible. Rule 2. No ball exceeding 5 inches in diameter can be used in games. 66 SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. Rule 3. Each player to roll three balls to each frame, and each player to roll two frames at a time. All other rules of American ten pins govern. RULES GOVERNING NEW ENGLAND CANDLE PIN GAMES. With the exception of the following changes, the rules of the American ten pins govern all contests played at candle pins : Rule I. Games of ten frames each to decide match and tourna- ment contests, each bowler to bowl two frames at a time. Rule 2. Dead wood to remain on the alleys, except all pins laying at right angles to, and in the gutter of the alley; also all pins not more than two feet in front of the head pin spot. Rule 3. A line shall be drawn two feet from the head pin spot, and all dead wood outside of said line shall be removed. Rule 4. A line shall be drawn ten feet beyond the regular foul line, and any ball delivered beyond first named line shall be declared foul. Rule 5. No ball more than 4,1/2 inches diameter can be used in games. Rule 6. Each player to roll three balls to each frame. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWLING GUIDE. REGULATION ALLEYS 67 Depth of Pin Pit, ii Inches PIN PIT Width of Pit from Cushion to End of Allky Ekd, 2 Feef 10 Inches. cj S 0000 o> C»g 7 8 9 10 000 s s:!^ 4 5 6 i^ *2« 00 §^§ 2 3 V L: 3 «> o 1 ^-g* .Sfl;^ The Spots on the Alley shall be 12 inches apart, from p,s• «• III Ir StK?eTHE SPALDING TRADEMARK TuZf SPALDING GYMNASIUM SHOES No. 19. High cut, kangaroo uppers, genuine elk- skin sole, and will not slip on floor. Extra light, hand made. . Per pair, S6.00 No. I 55. High cut, elkskin sole, and will not slip on floor. Soft and ^exible: in ladies' and men's sizes. . . \ Per pair, S4. 50 No. I ©6. Low cut, selected leather, extra light and electric sole; ladies' and men's sizes. Per pair, S3.00 No. 90L. Ladies'. Low cut, black leather, elec« trie sole and corrugated rubber heel. Per pair, 82. OO No. 86L. Ladies*. Low cut. black leather, rough- ened electric sole. Per pair. 92.00 No. 2 1 . High cut, black leather, electric sole. Hand sewed; turned; which makes-shoe extremely light and flexible. . Per pair, 82.00 No. 20. Low cut ' Otherwise same as ^o. 21. Per pair, 8 1 .701 No. 20L. Ladies*. Otherwise, same as No. 20. Per pair, 8f .70 No. 26. Low cut, all leather shoe. Excellent qual- ity for the money, but not guaranteed^' Pair,8 1 .00 No. 26L. Ladies'. Otherwise same .as No. 25. Per pair, 8 1 .OO JuvenUe Gymnasinm Shoes No. 86. Low cut, black leather, roughened electric sole. Sizes 12 to 5, inclusive, only. Pair. 8 1 .OO PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN T0| ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADORESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING &, BRO STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Prices in effect July S, 1911. Subject to change without nptice. For Canadi ian price* »ee special Canadian Catalogue S?E THE SPALDING SPALDING GYMNASIUM SHOES Spalding Canvas Shoes with Rubber Soles MEN'S- Sizes 6 to 12, inclusive. No. IH, High ciit. best quality white rubber I soles. Men's of white canvas, ladies' of black. Pr..9l.7 5-k$18.00Doz. No. I. Low cut. Otherwise as No. IH. Vr..9t.5Oir$l5.00 Doz. No. M. High cut. Pr..S I.OO*^iOJO Doz. No. K. Low cut. Fair. 90c. if $9.60 Doz. YOUTHS* Sizes 11 to 2, incltisive. No. IHX. High cut, best quality white rubber soles. Youths' of white canvas, misses' of black. Pair, $ 1 .35*^^.40 Doz. No. IX. Low cut. Otherwise as ^ No.IHX. Pr..Si.Z5'k$13.50Doz. No. MX. High cut. Pair, aoc. ic$8.i0 Doz. No. KX. Low cut. .Pair, 70c.if $7.80 Doz. BOYS* Sizes 2% to 5%, inclusive. No. IHB. High cut, best quality white rubber soles. Boys' of white canvas, girls' of black. Pair, $ 1 .60 -A- $16.20 Doz. No. IB. Low cut. Otherwise as No.IHB. Pr..St:50if$15.00Doz. No. MS. High cut. Pair, 90c.ir $9.00 Doz. No. KB. Low cut. Pair, aoc. ir $8.^0 Doz. Canvas Gymnasiam and Acrobatic Shoes No. FE. Extra high cut, best quality canvas shoe with leather sole. Made specially for acro- batic work. Pair, S 1 .26 • $13.20 Doz. No. E. Low cut canvas slice, canvas sole. Per pair. 36c. Spalding Ladles' Gymnasium Shoes FLEXIBLE SOLES No. BHL. Good quality selected leather, black color, with elkskin sole, high cut. ?r.,Sf.BOif $16.20 Doz. No. PL Elkskin, p^arl color, elkskin soles, high cut Pr.. SI. 60*^25.201)02. No. OPL. Same as .No. PL, except low cut. Pr.. Sl.^S'k$13.80Do?. No. OHL. Same as No. BHL, but low cut. » ' Per pair. $ 1 .26 * $13.80 Doz, No. SL. Selected drab color leather, high cut . Per pair, S I .OO • $10.20 Doz. No. OSL Same as No. SL. except low cut. . Per pair. 9 O c . • $9. 60 Doz. The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with * will be quoted only on orders for one-half dozen or more. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with * PROMPT UnEKTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES I FOR COMPLETE UST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS Boot Prices in effect July 5. 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue IStutUHE SPA LDINGla >)TRA DE-MARK "Z^ SPALDING BASKET BALL SHOES Spalding Basket Ball Shoes, on account of their general satisfactory qnallties, ' are worn by the most prominent teams and fastest players in the country. SPALDING "SPRINTING" BASKET BALL, SHOES No. BBS. Made with flex- ible shank, on same prin- ciple as on "sprinting," base ball and foot ball shoes. Extremely light in weight, well finished in- side and with extra long counter to keep foot from tiring. Pure gum thick rubber suction soles with reinforced edges. Laces extremely far down. Made of best quality black genuineKangaroo leather. This is a strictly bench- made shoe. The soles are perfectly made, but we do not .guarantee as to length of service. SPALDING BASKET BALL SHOES Ko. AB. The red rubber suction soles we use on these shoes are superior quality and 1-16 inch thicker than the soles on the No. BB shoes. One of the principal advantages of this style of sole is that it enables the player to obtain a good, firm purchase on the floor. Superior quality light drab chrome tan leather. Laces extremely far dovra . . . Per pair, $5. OO No. BB. Suction soles of good quality red rubber. Uppers of good quality ' black leather. A very pular style of basket ball shoe ' . Per pair, $4.00 0. BBL. Spalding Basket Bali Shoes lor Ladies. These are otherwise same as No. BB shoes. 4.00 SPALDING CANVAS TOP BASKET BALL SHOES No. HH. High cut white canvas upper. Sole surface is similar to our popular gymnasium shoes, but of white, best quality rubber, twice as thick as on best rubber sole gymnasium shoe. A very durable and Per pair, $8.00 K Per pair, $2.25 * $2i.00 Doz. '^ 2.00 • 21.00 " I .SO • 19.20 2.00 * 20.40 1.75 • 18.60 I.60 * 17.20 satisfactory shoe. Sizes 6 to 12, inclusive, No. HHB. Boys', 2% to 5%, inclusive. Otherwise same as HH. „• No. HHX. Youths', 11 to 2, inclusive. Otherwise as HH. .., ^^ No. H. Same as No. HH, low cut, 6 to 12, inclusive. .^ « No. HB. Boys', 2% to 5%, inclusive. Otherwise as No. H. . , No. HX. Youths', 11 to 2, inclusive. Otherwise as No. H. . Spalding Jnvenile Basket Ball Shoes No. BBX. A Boy's Basket Ball Shoe made on special boys' size lasts. Material of good quality and gen- eral construction similar to our regular line of men's shoes. Sole similar to No. BB shoe. Furnished in boys' sizes 12 to 5, inclu- sive, only. Pair, $2.50 T%e jnriees printed in italics opposite items marked with ir will be qicoted only on orders for one-half dozen or . more. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with ir PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO ANT COMMUNICATIONS ADDBESSED TO US A. G. SPALDING & BROS STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPUTE LIST OF STOIB SEE INSIDE FRONT eOVB Price* in effect July 5, 1911. Subject to change without notie«. For 5iSSi^ StKUHE SPALDING M)JTRADE-MARK1K! Spalding Jacket Sweaters Sizes: 28 to 44 Inches chest measurement. We allow four inches for stretch in aU our sweaters, and sizes are narked accordingly. It is suggestefl, however, that for very heavy men a size about two inches larger than coat measwrement be ordered to insure a comfortable fit. , VG. Showino •tteelal trimmed edo* Ing and cuffs suppllad, If daalred, on Jacket aweators at no extra eKarga. BUTTON FRONT No. VC. Best quality worsted, heavy weight, pearl buttons. Carried in stock in Gray or White onlyv See list below of colors supplied on special orders. Each, se.OOir $63.00 Doz. No. DJ. Fine worsted, standard weight, pearl but- tons, fine knit edging. Car- ried in stock in Gray or White only. See list below of colors supplied on special orders^ Each, 96.00ir $5Ji.06Doz. N©. VK. Special broad knit, good quality worsted, pearl buttons. Carried in stock in Gray or White only. See list below of- colors supplied on special orders. Each, S6.00 * $54.00 Doz. WITH POCKETS No. VCP. Best quality worsted, heavy weight, pearl buttons. Carried in stock in Gray or White only. See list below of colors supplied on special orders. With pocket on either side, and a partic- ularly convenient and popu- lar style for golf players. Each, se.OO-k $69.00 Doz. Shaker Sweater No. 3J. Standard weight, Shaker knit, pearl buttons. Carried in stock and supplied only in Plain Gray. , . ..^ Each, S3.60ir $39.00 Doz. nnr>rifl a ■ Anni?nC in tddlUon to slock colore menUoned. we also rapply any ol the swMlcrf Med •■«»»«« («*« SPECIAL ORDLKb irilSSol extr« charge, oo ipccU ordere only. no« carried in stock, la ay al Ibe loUowiag calars^ BCAROON NAVY BLUE SCAB1£T COLUMBIA BLUE Other colon 10 order only hi any qoalily, 80e. each extra. U> CABDINAl. SEA1> MBOWn BBfTf^iai lun-rirr.WA will furnlah any of the aolld color aweatara Hated en thia page wMh one color body antf ?f5.9I*^oloMol)t ftTilSld) wllar ind* ouffJ In any of th. above colo_r. on apecial order, at no axtr. oharso. Thi. dOM not apply to the No. 3J Sweater. tFhM oriees minted in italics opposite items marked with -k wiU be quoted only on orders for one-haif doxm i jtnmyr^y „M^ QuatUity price9 NOT oUvwed on itmt NOT marked with it . PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDBESSEOTOMS A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 1 FOB COMPLETE LIST Of STORES SEE INSIDE ffJONTCOVEB OF THIS BOOK Price* in effect July 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* »ee apecial Ca n a dian CaUlogi NOV 2S 1911 Standard Policy " . • . '' ■ I . ' - ,' ' — A Standard Quality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a manufacturer to long maintain a Standard Quality) To market his goods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a profit for the jobber as well as the retail dealer. To meet these conditions of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to set a proportionately high list price on his goods to the consvuner. To enable the glib salesman, when booking his orders, to figure out attractive profits to both the jobber and retailer, these high list prices are absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been served when the manufacturer has secured his order irom the jobber, and the jobber has secured his order from the retailer. However, these deceptive high list prices are not f^ir to the consumer, who does not, and, in reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading but alluring high list prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and grapples with the situation as best he can, by offering "special discounts," which vary with local trade conditions. Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer and the jobber are assured; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices to the consumer, the keen competition amongst the local dealers invariably leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of the retailer are practically eliminated. This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. The jobber insists on lower, and sttU lower, prices. The manufacturer, in his turn, meets this demand for the lowering of prices by the only way open to him, viz. : the cheapening and degrading of the quality of his product. i The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that, 12 years ago, in 1899, A. G. Spalding & Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic Goods Trade, and inaugurated what has since become known as "The Spalding Policy." The "Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding Goods are concerned, and the retail dealer secures his supply of Spalding Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer under a restricted retail price arrangement by which the retail dealer is assured a fair, legitimate and certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and the consumer is assured a Standard Quality and is protected" from imposition. The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the users of Athletic- Goods, and acts m two ways: First— The user is assured of genuine Official Standard Athletic Goods, and the same fixed prices to everybody. Second— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in purchasing at the proper time, the very best raw materials required in the manufacture of our various goods, well ^head of their respective seasons, and this enables us to provide the necessary quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding Standard of Quality. A... retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are requii-ed to supply consumers at our regular printed catalogue prices — neither more nor less— the same prices that similar goods are sold for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated exactly alike, and no special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone. Positively, nobody; not even officers, managers, salesmen or other employes of A. G. Spalding j& Bros., or any of their relatives or personal friends, can buy Spalding Athletic Goods at a discount from the regular catalogue prices. This, briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful operation for the past 12 years, and will be indefinitely continued. In other words, " The Spalding Policy " is a "square deal " for everybody. A. G. SPALDWG & BROS. One copy del. to Cat. Div, f .NOir 23 ,9,, ttOV 2S .. standard Quality An article that is universally given the appellation "Standard" is thereby conceded to be the Criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar nature. For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the Standard unit of currency, because it must legally contain a specific proportion of pure gold, and the fact of its being Genuine is guaranteed by the Government Stamp thereon. As a protection to the users of this currency against counterfeiting and other tricks, considerable money is expended in maintaining a Secret Service Bureau of Experts. Under the law, citizen manufacturers must depend to a great extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices to protect themselves against counterfeit products— without the aid of ^'Government Detectives "or " Public Opinion " to assist them. Consequently the "Consumer's Protection " against misrepresentatibn and "in- ferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the "Manufacturer." A. G. Spalding & Bros, have, by their rigorous attention to "Quality, "for thuty- three years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known throughout the world as a Guarantee of Quality as dependable in their field ; as the U. S. Currency is in jts field. The necessity of upholding the guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and main- taining the Standard Quality of their Athletic Goods, is, therefore, as obvious as is the necessity of the Government in maintaining a Standard Cun-ency. Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other con- sumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade-Mark and all that it stands for. Therefore, we urge all users of our Athletic Goods to assist us in maintaining the Spalding Standard of Excellence, by insisting that our Trade-Mark be plainly stamped on all athletic goods which they buy, because without this precaution our best efforts towards maintaining Standard Quality and preventing fraudulent substitution will be ineffectual. Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer the reputation of being high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by makers of "inferior goods," with whom low prices are the main consideration. A manufacturer of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold and a guarantee to protect, must necessarily have higher prices than a manufacturer of cheap goods, whose idea of and basis of a claim for Standard Quality depends principally upon the eloquence of the salesman. We know from experience that there is no quicksand more unstable than poverty in quality— and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Quality. LIBRPRY ATHLETIC LI A separate book covers every Athletic Sport and is Official and Standard Price 10 cents each GRAND PRIZE GRAND PRIX ST. LOUIS, 1904 SPALDING PARIS, 1900 ATHLETIC GOODS ARE THE STANDARD OF THE WORLD A. G. Spalding ® Bros. MAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES /n the FOLCQWING CITIES: NEW YORK CHICAGO - ST. LOUIS BOSTON MILWAUKEE KANSAS CITY PHILADELPHIA DETROIT SAN FRANCISCO NEWARK CINCINNATI LOS ANGELF BUFFALO CLEVELAND SEATTLE SYRACUSE COLUMBUS MINNEA. „. BALTIMORE INDIANAPOLIS ST. PAUL WASHINGTON PITTSBURG DENVER LONDON, ENGLAND. BIRMINGHAM. ENGLAND MANCHESTER, ENGLAND EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA ATLANTA DALLAS LOUISVILLE NEW ORLEANS MONTREAL, CANADA TORONTO. CANADA Factories owned and operated by A.G.Spaidinj/ 6, Bros, and w/?pr, (c-ATarkcd Athletic Goods are made arc located in the foil CHICAGO FRANCISCO> CHICOPEE, BROOKLYN PHILADELPHIA LONDON.