f^ r^LiBRARY OF Congress. Chap. E,A.'?:%:.„.... Shelf ...-.Msjl; ; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. r^^n^: VS? 9—167 iiiie'' A I* , \ . •^ Is sr> u ^ ^^ (J -«r! ~— 1 Q rri .-5 -1 r- >» ■u^ -- s '^ o (^ --1 rt » a ]3 < / INDEX TO MAP OF THE SIEGE OF LOUISBOURG, 1745. A Laiidiii^' of New En^'laiul Men. /> ('iiiii[)()f Ijuit's keo'iineiit. C •• " PepperrelFs '^ D - •• VVillanr.s A' '^ ^' Moultoif.s F "■ *' Moore's (J First or Cireeii Hill Battery. H Second Battery. / Third Battery. •/ Fourth, or Advanced Battery. K Fifth, or Titconih\s Battery, /y Liolitliouse P)attery. 37 Island P>a.ttery ( French ). JV (xraud, or Royal Battery (French). Buiyino--oroiind. I* King-'s Bastion, or Citadel. V Barachois. R West Gate. *S' South Gate. 7' Manrejias Gate. NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISHURG. 11 will not permit their landing in the above place let them proceed along the shore till they come to a long Range of Rocks that goes towards the Island, at the End of which is a Passage where the shallops go through, let them go in there and follow the Ledge of Rocks right back again, then they will land right against the East gate on a point, and as there are some Housea there, it will hinder their being seen, but one Boat ought to go first & surprise the People in those Houses a little time before the others come up. Each whale boat must have two ladders in them fifteen foot long which may be put in the middle of the Boat without hin- drance to the men ; but the Boatmen must lay still at this Point till they think the main body is got near the Town, & that a party of as many men as shall be judg'd proper shall be ready to attack the Grand Battery, its necessary it should be low water if no Drift Ice aground along the shore, for the remainder of the men to go round the Picketts that are by the north gate, and when they get round with Lad- ders of 15 feet long, they can scale the Wall facing the Harbour which is a Quarter of a mile round, and it will be absolutely necessary to apjjoint a Time to strike the blow all at once, which can be done by agreeing upon a certain hour just before Day, which is the Sleepiest Time, and the Commanding officer of each Detachment to know the time, and when the Time comes by his Watch to begin without further ceremony; The Enemy finding themselves attacked at so many different places at once its probable it will breed such confusion among them that.our men will have time to get in unmolested ; & it is to be observ'd that as the men march from the above point the low wall is on the left hand of the gate, and the Picketts on the right hand; as all the enemy's troops are in the citadel except a small guard or two it will be a considerable time before the men are drest & got ready to march out, and even then it is quite in the other End of the town. This is what probably may succeed, but least any accident 12 NEW HAJNIPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. should happen to prevent it, it will be necessary to provide accordingly & in case our People should be disco ver'd & Repuls'd the above number of men being sufficient to com- mand the field, it will be necessary in order to reduce the place to have what shipping can possibly be got to cruise off the Harbour's Mouth in order to intercept their Provi- sion vessels which they Expect early being at this time very short of Provisions, as likewise to take any transports with men if any should come, and that our men may not be dis- courag'd at being repuls'd once, it will be necessary to send 12 nine pounders & two small mortars with shells, &c. and a Quantity of Provisions, so to bombard them & endeavor to make Breaches in their Walls & then storm them : and should the shipping be so lucky as to take their Provisions and the land forces take all their cattle & keep them con- stantly employed, it will be impossible for them to hold the place till the last of July for want of provisions. Iji order tlie better to secure the Retreat in case a supe- riour naval F'orce to ours should come from France & drive ours oft" the Coast, it will be necessary to have two small vessels with about Two hundred men at Canso, & the day after the Fleet is sail'd for Louisbourg for them to sail so as to get in by night, and it being but six Leagues from Canso to St. Peters they can get there before day & sur- prise that place, which is an exceeding good harbour for small vessels, but has not Water sufficient for vessels of that size which will be able to drive ours off the Coast, so that the vessels for the Retreat will lay there safe, and the Troops be able to go to them by Land ; there will be an advantage besides this in surprising this place as there is alwaj's a number of Indians with their Families which keep with a French Priest at a small Distance from the French Inhabitants, and the Booty taken there will pay the Expence & more in taking it. It is to be observed that during the time our Troops lay siege to the Town, it will be in their power to send parties and Destroy all their Fishery on the NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOULSBUIIG. 13 Island as well as the north side of the Harbour which would ruin their Fishery for four or five years ; and as it is impos- j sible to fail of taking the Royal Battery at least, that would in a great measure hiy open their Harbour exposed unto an attack by Sea from England, as the new Batterys in the Town in the greatest part of the Ambrozers, there are no guns & there are two gates that are made in Diamond fash- ion facing the Harbour that can be beat down in an instant the peices not being but 2 inches & an half thick. N. B. The full complement of Troops is 700 out of which deductions must be made of 50 for each of the two Batteries, viz. the Royal & Ishmd Batteries, & 50 for Death, sickness &c. which reduce them to 550, and the other fight- ing men in the Town do not exceed 300, and that the Swiss Troops which are their best Troops are exceeding Discon- tented & mutinous; also that at St. Peters there may be about 200 men in scatter'd houses, and in the suburbs of the Towji of Louisbourg without the Walls about 200. it is improbable that more than two 30 or 40 Gun ships should come with Mr. Duviver who may be expected the first with Recruits & supplies, and in case the naval Force that comes should be superiour to our naval Force, that our 3000 men would command the Field, & continue so till they could be protected & Reiuforc'd from England. Indorsed, "Cape Britton Exped" — Plan of operation, Feb>' 1, 1745 — " His Exc'' sent down y*" following written Message by Coll. Downing & Mr. Solly: Gre7itlemen of the Assembly^ In Consequence of your message of the 2'^ Inst. I express'd a messenger to Boston in order to get the Proclamations necessary to be Dispersed throughout the Province for encouragiug the Expedition to Louisburgh printed, which I have this moment received, & as soon as the sheriff attends on me shall order them to be dispersed. B. Wentwojith. Council Chamber, In Portsm'' Feb^' 5"' 1745. 14 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOULSBURG. Message of His Excellency. Gentlemen of the Assembly, By your message of this day, I find the disposition of the House is to augment the forces to Louisburgh to four or five hundred men, saik)rs included, which is very pleas- ing to me; and if the House will send up a Resolve on that subject & in what manner they propose to pay the Expence, it will facilitate the other bill that now lays before me, which at present appears very difficult ; — but by no means [)Ut off the augmentation or the charge to a further day. Council Chamber in B. Wentworth. Portsm° Feb^ 12. 1715— February 14, 1745, Mr. Secretary came down with the following Message from his Exc^: His Ex'^^' recomends it to the House to pass a vote that the officers & soldiers in ys Province for the Expedition ag*' Louisburg have y*" same pay as in the Massachusetts, w''' he ap[)rehends would be for the encouraging the affairs going on. Voted That the ColUmel, Lt. Collonel & Major, Captains & all under officers that are or shall be appointed to com- mand the voluntiers voted by the Gen' Assembly to go on the Expedition ag''' Louisburg have the same allowances made them pr month as are allowed by the (Jovernment of the Mass: Bay on y^ s'' Expedition, provided each Com- pany consists of forty men or upwards, & that the Captains have the same allowance for enlisting men in proportion to the number of men in each Company & that no Capt, be entitled to the bounty for enlisting men untill his Com- pany be compleated; Voted, That the same encouragement be given to private Centinalls & sailors that will enlist as voluntiers on y*" Exped" ag^'^ Louisburgh as is given in y*" Prov. of Mass" Bay, NliW HAMPSHIIIE INIEN AT LOT^FSBXTRG 15 EatahU^hment of the officers' Pay in Massachusetts on thf Expedition ar/a Generall pr month Colloiiell . Lt. Coll . Major Adjutant . Capt. Lieut 2'^ Lieut . Sergent Corporal . Clerk Surgeon Gen" . Under Surgeon Drum Major Comon Drum' . Chaplain . Capt of y^ Artillery Lieut Qr. Gunner 2 Bombarders . Do Assistance . Armorer . inst Louishourgh, 1745. . <£15 12 10 8 4 : 10 4 • 10 3 2 1 10 1 8 4 5 4 : 10 1 : 12 1 4 : 10 9 4 : 10 2 4 1 : 12 1 : 12 len that Inlist, viz. is nieutioned in the Incouragement for the To each man besides what Proclamation by way of Bounty, old Tenor, To Billiting money from the Time of Inlisting pr. week to pay from the time of Inlisting To each Capt. over & above his pay for his Expences in Visiting his Company, okl Ten'- ^4 9.^» Further to lucourage men to Inlist it is proposed that the VVi(hnvs or nearest rehitives of any offcer or soldier L^ 16 NEW HAMPSHIRE INFEN AT LOl'lSBUEG. that is slain or shall otherwise loose his life in the service, shall be entitled to four months pay. And that the wives of any oiiicer or soldier in the Expe- dition or any other person that appears with a power of Attorney duly authenticated, shall at the end of every month receive out of the Treasury half or all the wages of such officer or soldier as he appears for which will greatly encourage the })resent Expedition. Boston Feb'' 26, 1745. Sir — I am extremely glad to hear of your good prospect of completing your Regiment in time: All things will be ready here for the Imbarcation of our fleet by the end of the week as the committee informs me, so I shonld be glad of your being ready with yours as soon as may be; what- ever you want for the 150 men to go w"' m}^ commissions & in the pay of this government, be pleased to send to me for it by Express and you shall have it instantly. I think the essential thing is the number of men in the whole ; and y' it is not absolutely necessary y^ there should be exactly 50 men in each company, if there are 40 in one and 60 in another, all the things may be set right by pro- portioning the service in the field; and indeed if a com- pany does not consist of less y" 40 men I think we ought not to be critical. I am w"' much & respect y' Excelencys most Obedient humble servant W. Shiiiley. His Exc>. Gov' Wentworth. Boston, March 27, 1745. Sir— I shonld have mentioned y' this morning Donahoe sail'd with another sloop under his convoy having on board a company of 50 men to reconnoitre the Coast, &c. and to NEW HAMPSHIIIE MEN AT LOUISBUKG. 17 clear it ag*' the arrival of the Fleet, and if it should hap- pen y' your Transports should get the start of ours, I am advis'd y' it would be safest for 'era to stop at Whitehead Harbour ab* 5 or 6 Leagues short of Canso, till the arrival of ours y' there may be as little danger as is possible of occasioning intelligence being convey'd to the Enemy by any little vessell to the Eastward of Canso, w-^' may dis- cover 'em ; and if you approve of it I shall be glad if you order it accordingly. I am inform'd y*^ Mr. Sparhawk has got some very good cutlasses and some firelocks w'*' it is doubted are not extraordinary : If you will be pleas'd to take the trouble of api)ointing some skillfull person to view both of "em, and in case they or either of 'em are approv'd of, desire him to put such as are approved on board one (jf your Transports for the use of our Troops as spare arms, I shall be oblig'd to you, and our Committee will pay him for 'em. But if they are not good I would not have 'em. We forgot to put up among the Stores for our 150 men in your Regiment Gunpowder and Ball : If you will be pleas'd to supply 'em with three half barrels of powder and a like proportion of Ball for their passage, I shall be oblig'd to you, and will repay you by the first o[)portunity ; The Blankets and money not used be pleas'd to return by a convenient opportunity. I must beg the favour of you to indulge Mr. Bollan in his Inclos'd request, if no inconvenience will attend it. 1 have so much fatigue yt I ^ytii great difficulty hold out, but not without having impair'd my health. God send us both a good riddance of our Trouble and an happy Event to the Expedition. I am sincerely. Your Excy*" faithfull, humble servant W. Shirley. To his Exc^ Gov. Wentworth. 18 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. Boston May-13-1745 Sir As to the agreement your Excellency mentions to be made between you and me, that the Companies to be rais'd in your Government should consist of 40 men each, and that three companys of 60 men each should at all Events be rais'd by you to be in the pay of this Govern- ment & added to your companies, I am apt to think may be a mistake. It is certain that I always intended and understood the agreement to be that you should if you pleas'd raise as many men to be in the pay of this Province as would make up your 350 a Regiment of 500 men. I can't pretend to recollect every expression which may have dropped from my pen on this affair between us; But I am satisfied the agreement you mention is so foreign to my intention that upon perusing my letters again and com- paring 'em vi^ith your own you will find the real agreement to be, that all the men not exceeding 150 to be raised by you over and above the Quota of 350 Voted by your Assembly, should be paid and subsisted by this Govern- ment. The reason of my mentioning to you the vote of the Assembly of this Province for reducing our Companies from 50 men in each to 40, was to remove the difficulty of their first vote which I was afraid might ly in your way as it did in mine here, by which no Captain that had not raised 50 men was entituled to have his Company received into pay ; whereas by the second vote fourty men was to be received as a Company, which I found an ease to me in raiseing my own Levies, but whatever I have said in that respect was not designed in the least as a proposal or agreement that your Companys should be only eight in number and consist of no more than 40 men Each, and that at all events this Province was to pay & subsist 150 men of New Hampshire Regiment. But upon the whole I ever understood that this Government was to pay and sub- NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOULSBURG. 19 sist as many men not exceeding 150 as you should raise within your Province over and above your own Govern- ments Quota of 350 & no more. T am with great respect Sir— your Excellencys most obedient humble servant VV. Shirley. His Exc^ Gov'' Went worth. The New Hampshire Adjutant-General's Report, Vol. 2, 1866, contains the rolls of the seven companies in Colonel Moore's regiment, over his own signature, dated at Louis- burg, November 20, 1745. The adjutant-general quotes Dr. Belknap, as follows: "Thus, Dr. Belknap states that Col. Moore's regiment consisted of eight companies, when the return of his regi- ment, over his own signature, shows but seven companies." We think the following letter of Governor Wentworth will show the eighth company, as it was one of the com- panies not returned by Colonel Moore. Letter from His Excellency Betminc/ We7itivorth, Esq., Gov- ernor of Neiv Hampshire, to Lt. General Pepperell. March 23^' 1745. Sr. T herewith transmitt to you a List of the Transports employ'd by this Government for the service of the Expe- dition against the French at Louisbuig, also what Trans- ports are employ'd to transport the one hundred & fifty men, in the pay of the Massachusetts Government, which are aggregated to the Regiment, whereof I have appointed Sam' Moore, Esq. Colonel. Also I think proper to acquaint you that I have appointed Capt. Fernald Commander of a Sloop fitted out by this Government, in a warlike manner, to annoy his Majesty's Enemies, and to guard and convoy 20 NEW HAMrSHIEE MEN AT LOUISBURG. the Transports. I have also appointed the said Jn° .Fer- nald a Capt of a Company in Col. Moore's Regiment to act either by Land or by sea, as the service may require it. I have thought it necessary, in order to preserve the Com- mand you are appointed to, that you have the intire com- mand and disposition of the Regiment and Transports, also of the Sloop of War, And I do hereby put the same abso- lutely under your command, hereby requiring them to obey you, as their Commander-in-Chief, and to follow such orders and commands as from time to time they or either of them shall receive from you. Sr — y'^ Hum : serv* B. Wentworth. Lieutenant-general William Pepperell, of Kittery, Me., was commander-in-chief of the land forces, sailors, and marines on board the transports and the armed vessels that convoyed the troops to Louisburg — the total number of men, probably 4,000, and all furnished by the provhices of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.* Governor Wentworth's proclamation for enlisting sol- diers and sailors for the Louisburg expedition not on record, or copy known to be in existence. Off for Louisburg. After two months' discussion of measures by the Assem- bly and Council, then in session at Portsmouth, to raise men and money to defray expenses, the expedition was ready, and sailed from Portsmouth March 23'' O. S., or April 4"' N. S., 1745 — several days before the Massachu- setts troops left Boston. The New Hampshire regiment was 500 strong, under the command of Col. Samuel Moore^ of Portsmouth ; eight companies, and probably three com- *Did not arrive at Louisburg until after the fort was captured. NEW HAMPSHLllE MEN AT LOUISBUKG. 21 panics (150 men ) of New Hampshire in the pay of Massa- chusetts, in Colonel Moore's regiment. On this point there has been a wide diversity of opinion, as there is not, as far as is now known, a single muster or jjay-roll in existence. It was customary at that time in the English service for the field officers to have command of companies as colonel and captain at the same time. In order to sub- stantiate my view that there were eleven companies in Colonel Moore's regiment, of 45 men to each company, the names of all the commissioned officers, date of commission, and date of discharge, are given, all the others being recruits, after the capture of Louisburg, June 17, 1745. Names. Moore, Samuel, Meserve, Nathaniel, 2d, Oilman, Ezekiel, *Mason, John T., Seaward, William, IFernald, John, Sherburne, Henry, Ladd, Daniel, tHale, Samuel, Whidden, James, Waldron, Thomas W., Dudley, Trueworthy, Tilton, Jacob, Williams, Edward, §Wise, John, Sherburne, Joseph, Hart, John, Leavett, Samuel, White, Samuel, IIFlagg, John, * No company; independent command. t Captain of armed sloop Abigail. X Promoted to major Oct. 16, 1745. § Captain of armed sloop. II Promoted to captain. No date. Rank. Date of Date of Commission. Discharge. Colonel. Feb. 12, 1745. Aug. 15, 1746. Colonel. Feb. 13, 1745. Nov. 11, 1745. Major. Feb. 13, 1745. Nov. 11, 1745. Captain. Feb. 13, 1745. July 31, 1745. Captain. Feb. 13, 1745. Nov. 10, 1745. Captain. Feb. 13, 1745. Nov. 11, 1745. Captain. Feb. 13, 1745. June 28, 1745. Captain. Feb. 13, 1745. Sept. 4, 1745. Captain. Feb. 13, 1745. July 15, 1746. Captain. Feb. 13, 1745. Nov. 10, 1745. Captain. Feb. 13, 1745. Sept. 6, 1745. Captain. Feb. 13, 1745. July 21, 1745. Captain. Marcli I 1, 1745. Nov. 11, 1745. Captain. Marcl] I 2, 1745. Feb. 6, 1746. Captain. April 15, 1745. No date. Captain. June 6, 1745. June 30, 1746. Lieutenants. Rank. Date of Date of Commission. Disi jharge. Lieutenant, , Feb. 13, 1745. July 31, 1745. Lieutenant . Feb. 13, 1745. Sept. 6, 1745. Lieutenant . Feb. 13, 1745. Oct. 9, 1745. Lieutenant . Feb. 13, 1745. Sept. 30, 1745. 22 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBUIIG. Daniels, Eliphalet, Lieutenant. Feb. 13, 1745. July 31, 1745, Foss, Zachariali, Lieutenant. Feb. 13, 174.5. Nov. 14, 1745, Wheelwright, Jeremiah , Lieutenant. Feb. 13, 1745. Sept. 22, 1745. Dudley, James, Lieutenant. Feb. 13, 1745. Aug. 7, 1745, Wingate, Moses, Lieutenant. Feb. 13, 1745. Sept. 30, 1745. Mattoon, Richard, Lieutenant. Feb. 13, 1745. Nov. 11, 1745, Robie, Samuel, Lieutenant. Feb. 13, 1745. Sept. 30, 1745, Connor, Samuel, Lieutenant. Feb. 13, 1745. July 31, 1745. Ensigns. Names. Rank. Date of Date of Commission. Discharge. *Newmarch, Thomas, Ensign. Feb. 13, 1745. June 20, 1746. tBrown, Edmund, Ensign. Feb. 13, 1745. July 1, 1746. Tufts, Thomas, Ensign. Feb. 13, 1745. Sept. 6, 1745. Wormall, Daniel, Ensign. Feb. 13, 1745. Nov. 11, 1745. IPitman, Ezekiel, Jr., Ensign. Feb. 13, 1745. Nov. 10, 1745. Huntress, Christopher, Ensign. Feb. 13, 1745. July 31, 1745. Brooks, Edward, Ensign. Feb. 13, 1745. July 31, 1745. Pickeriu, Thomas, Ensign. Feb. 13, 1745. Aug. 7, 1745. Sleeper, Joseph, Ensign. Feb. 13, 1745. Sept. 22, 1745. Ham, Clement, Ensign. Feb. 13, 1745. Sept. 30, 1745. Perkins, Robert, Ensign. Feb. 13, 1745. July 31, 1745. The above-named officers were commissioned by Ben- ning Wentvvorth, the governor of the province of New Hampshire. Lieutenant-general Pepperell, at Canso, April 15, com- missioned Abraham Trefethen, captain ; Jonathan Gilman, lieutenant ; Philip Yeaton, ensign. Recruits. Friday-June-8-1745. The House met according to adjournment. Voted, That Eleaz' Russel Esq. Mr. Henry Sherburne jun. & Tho* Bell Esq. be a Com*^*^^ of this House to join with such as may be appointed by y*^ Hon'''*' Council to consider of 3^*^ subject matter of his Excel-^ Gov'' Shirly & Lieut. Gen' Pepperells Letters relating to a Reinforcement * Promoted to lieutenant Oct. 5. t Promoted to lieutenant Oct. 1. X Promoted to lieutenant June 20. NEW HAMPSHIRE MEX AT LOUISBUn(;. 23 of our army at Louisbnrg & to consider what is proper for this Province to do & to make Re[)ort to the Gen^ Court as soon as may be. The Com'*''' for considering the subject matter of his Exc'' Gov'' Shirlys & Lieut Gen' Pepperrells Letters relat- ing a Reinforcement of the Army before Louisburgh, report as follows : The Com*'''' are humbly of opinion that (when proper methods may be agreed upon by the Gen' Assembly for defraying the charge) his Exc^ the Capt. Gen' be desired to issue forth his Proclamation for the Encouraging the enlisting of one hundred voluntiers under such proi)er ofificers as he may think proper to be employ'd in the Expedition against Louisburgh giving them the same Encouragement as was given to y" last voluntiers inlisted for said Expedition. Prov. of ) In ye House of Represent June ) Jotliam Odiorn N. Hampr f 10th 1745, Read and accepted & > R. Wibird sent up for concurrence ) Saml Solly , ^^oni- Eleazr Russell ^ mittee Hen. Sherburne Thos Bell Com- Wednesclay June 12"' 1745. The House met according to adjournment. Mr. Secretary Atkinson came into the House & inform them that y*" vote on Louisburgh Expedition, Com'*'^^ Report for one Hund'' men were concurr'd & assented to by the Governor. Tuesday July 2'' 1745. The House met according to adjournment. Mr. Secretary bro't into y'' House a written message from his Excellency representing the Probability of 20 men being raised more than are voted for & Desiring to know whether y'' House would have them Embark'd &c. and then the House adjourned for two Hours. 24 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. His Excelle7icy''s Message. \ Q-entlemen of the Assembly It is very probable that about twenty men more than what are voted to be raised for the reinforcement of our troops now before Louisbiirgh, may appear, in which case I shall be glad to have your Resolve whether it will not be expedient to Imbark them, as it will greatly relieve the Forces now there from the hard duty they have so long undergone. I shall also be glad to have your mind signified whether it be your Intent to have the Reinforcement Imbarked in case news should arrive before Imbarkation of the reduc- tion of Louisburgh. Council Chamber in Portsmouth, July 2d, 1745. B. Wentworth. Saturday July 6"' 1745. Met according to adjournment. In answer to his ExclP'^ message by Mr. Secretary to know y*^ opinion of y*^ House about sending the Reinforce- ment for the army at Cape Britton & whether if twenty men more than y*^ hundred appear'd the House were will- ing they should be sent, Voted, That the Reinforcement be sent away with all possible Dispatch & that if twenty men more or any smaller number appeared as voluntiers they also be sent with them at the pul)lick expense. Statement of the Condition of the Men at Louisburg, 1745. To His Excellency the Governor, the Honorable the Coun- cil, and House of Representatives, of His Majesties Prov- ince of New Hampshire. — As we are refer'd to, in the preceeding Memorial, to give further Information, touching the State of our Soldiers; and authorized thereby, to Sollicit the Honorable Court in NEW HAjNIPSHIRK MEN AT LOUISBURG. 25 their behalf; we humbly crave Leave, to offer this, as a Supplement thereto. — Besides the almost Naked Condition of those of our Troops, who went first to Cape Breton ; Some of them are So enfeebled, by reason of the Length and Hardships of the Siege, & for want of necessary Comfoi-ts, in the Time of it, as renders them unfit for further Service, till Re- cruited ; others are Languishing under Sicknesses, of Various kinds, and most of them, are overrun with Lice, for want of Change of Apparel, which renders their Case still more uncomfortable. Whereupon, we humbly recom- mend, those Poor but brave men, to your Excellency's & Honour's wise. Just, and Compassionate Consideration, Earnestly beseeching, that Such of them as desire it, may be immediatly dismissal, and bro't back to their Native Country, their Families, & Friends ; that it may never be Said, they bravely fought themselves into a Prison ; for, what Else can be Said of it If they are Compell'd to tarry, after the Expedition is Ended, as we apprehend it is, and that in a most Compleat and effectual Manner : For that, His Excelleucys Proclamation of the 2 of February Last, proposed an Expedition, for the Reduction of the French Settlements, on the Island of Cape Breton, & not for the garrisoning of them : and the Enlistment, was in Conse- quence thereof, (namely,) for Reducing, & not for garri- soning, and we humbly appeal, to your Excellency's & Honors Judgment, whether, reducing and garrisoning, be not two things, quite different^ and Distinct from each other ; and if so, whether the Troops of the first Embarka- tion, mayn't demand a discharge, as a Right and Justice due to them, instead of Solliciting for it, as an Act of Grace. But, on the other hand, if it Should be Said, that by the Expedition was meant and intended, that Louis- bourg Should be garrison'd (in case of Success,) by those who should reduce it; It may be Answer'd, that Such In- tention, cant Rationally be Extended further, than till 26 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. other Troops, might be rais'd to reHeve them ; aiid'more than three Months, is already Pass'd, Since the Surrender; a Space doubly Sufficient for that Purpose. — We take Leave further to Propose, that in Consideration, the Plunder (which was expected would be great,) turns out, to be but a very Triffle, they May have an additional Grant of Bounty, as a further Reward, of their Toil, Haz- ard, and Bravery, as the Massachusetts Troops have al- ready had. — As to those, whose Lot may be to tarrj' over the Winter, Whether by Choice, or Compulsion, (if any Should be Compell'd so to Do,) We humbly propose, that besides an Augmentation of their Wages, and a Grant of Apparell, and Bedding, Suitable for the Climate and Season ; they May have an Augmentation of their allowance of Rum & Molasses, to half a Pint of Each, for Each Man "^ Day, and a Couple of Quarts of Small Beer also, the Waters there, being exceeding bad, and very unwholesome to Drink : that there may be a Surplus of Stores, of all kinds, to be Purchased of the Commissary, at a Stated Price, and that there may be a Provision of Physic, as well as of Food & Cloathing; and that Each Cap*^ may have a Copy, of the Invoices of the Stores & Cloaths Sent for the Soldiers, with the Prices of those Commodities, that they may be Sent for Sale ; that the Care, the Justice, & the goodness of the Honorable Court, may be made known to every individual Man. — As the Season of the year is far advanced, and the Sol- diers greatly distressed ; Some For Want of a Discharge, and other for want of Necessarys and Conveniences, to make their Lives Comfortable, We humbly Pray, that what we have offered, may have the earliest Consideration & Dispatch, that is Possible. And your Memorialists as in Duty bound Shall Ever Prav T. W. Waldron Portsmouth Sep' 24 1745 Jonathan Present NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. 27 Miscellaneous. — JSFofes, prior to, during, a7id after the Siege of Louishurg . It appears from Gov. Wentworth's proclamation, or en- listment papers to the captains, for the enlisting of sol- diers, and sailors, no particular time was inserted for their discharge, after the surrender of the fortress, the men were clamorous for their discliarge, and not being complied with, caused considerable trouble, some of them were held until the arrival of troops from Great Britain, May 24, 1746, when 1500 were released. The Louisburg expedition cost the province of New Hampshire, as reported by a committee of the Assembly, June 3, 1747, 26,489 pounds, 16 shillings, 8^ pence. Procla- mation money. Great Britain reimbursed the Province of New Hamp- shire, 16,355 pounds sterling. The money arrived in Boston, Sept. 18, 1749. The British fleet, commanded by Commodore Peter Warren, arrived before Louisburg at the commencement of hostilities, \vith the following vessels of war : Superb 60 guns Launceston 40 Mermaid . 40 * — Vigilant . 64 May 22 — Princes Mary . 60 " — Hector . 40 June 10 — Chester . 50 " 12 — Canterbury 60 '•'• " — Sunderland 60 '' "—Lark 40 u "—Eltham . 40 This immense fleet of vessels in the assaults on the fortress, w )f war took no active part th the exception of a few ♦Captured from the French, and manned by New England sailors. 28 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBUUG. gunners, who went ashore to instruct Pepperell's men in the management of their batteries. Capt. Edward Tyngwasin command of the Massachusetts Colonial squadron of seven vessels, carrying 108 guns. Capt. John Fernald, of Portsmouth, commanded the sloop Abigail, of 14 guns, that convoyed the New Hampshire troops. Two sloops from Connecticut, 30 guns, one armed vessel from Rhode Island, 20 guns,* with one hundred and fifty soldiers. Belknap's History of New Hampshire. " The fortress of Louisburg was so strong as to called. The Dunkirk of America ; and had been twenty-five years in building, and cost 1,200,000 pounds Sterling, "This expedition originated in Massachusetts, but the colonies of New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecti- cut by their legislative authority, furnished troops and stores. New York sent a supply of artillery, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, provisions and clothing." The assault on the Island battery, defended by 180 men, and 30 cannon, was disastrous to the 400 provincial troops who made the assault, nearly one half being either killed, drowned, or taken prisoners. The French loss during the entire siege, is reported to have been 200 men. When Duchambon, the Governor of Cape Breton, sur- rendered to Generel Pepperell, there was turned over to him, 1,900 prisoners, 125 large cannon, 19 mortars, stores of provisions, enough to last six months. General Amherst, commanding the land forces, and Ad- miral Boscawen, of the British navy, captured Louisburg, July 26, 1758, and completely destroyed the splendid for- tress, and it remains so to this date. No enumeration of the number of the inhabitants of New Hampshire, was made until 17(37, when there were 52,700. *Did not arrive in Louisburg until after the fortress was taken. NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG, 29 The ratable polls returned in 1742 as 5,172, with Not- tingham, Barrington, and Gosport, missing. Call the number of ratable polls in 1715, 6,000, and multiply by 4.50, would give the number of inhabitants in New Hampshire in 1745 as 27,000. France declared war against Great Britain March 15, 1744, N. S. Great Britain declared war against France, March 29, 1744, O. S. After the treaty of peace, October 7, 1748, Louisburg was turned over to the French intact, and the British troops evacuated Louisburg July 12, 1749. And the provinces gained practically nothing for their blood and treasure expended during the war. The pay of the soldiers in provincial currency was twenty-five shillings a month, or less than sixpence a day, sterling, the soldier furnishing his own clothing and gun. From Parkman's, ''A Half Century of Contiict": ^ The New England soldier fancied that he was doing the work of God. And the descendant of the Puritans was never so well pleased as when teaching their duty to other people, whether by pen, voice, or bombshells. The ragged artillerymen, battering the walls of papistical Louisburg, flat- tered themselves with the notion that they were champions of gospel truth. Barefoot and tattered, they toiled on with indomitable pluck, doing the work which oxen could not do, with no comfort but their daily dram of New Eng- land rum." " Maine, then a part of Massachusetts, furnished full one third of the men of the Massachusetts contingent." According to Parkman, the winter of 1746 must have been terrible, on account of sickness, "At the end of Jan- uary, five hundred, and sixty one had died" " On May 10, 1746, Governor Shirley writes to Newcastle, that eight hundred and ninety men, had died during the winter " 30 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBUEG. From Douglas, North America: '* outside the Maurepas Gate, by the old lime-Kiln, the forgotten bones of above five hundred New England men lie there to this day, under the coarse neglected grass " There is in the library of the New Hampshire Historical society at Concord, a book containing two hundred and sixty j)ages, inscribed as follows : " A List of Prisoners tryed at General Court Martial held at Louisburg, in the Island of Cape Breton, in the years 1746—1747 & 1748." And has the appearance of being, and undoubtedly is, the original journal. The officers of the New Han)pshire troops on their return home, presented a bell (which has since been re-cast) that they had captured at Louisburg, to Queen's Chapel, Ports- mouth. The peal of the brazen-tongued messenger from the grim old fortifications of Louisburg is still heard from the tower of St John's church. From Barstow's History of New Hampshire : " Louisburg was situated on a neck of land south of one of the finest harbors on the island. The city was sur- rounded by a wall of stone thirty-six feet high." William Vaughan of Portsmouth is said to have been the originator of the Louisburg expedition. Not a man in the expedition had previously seen Louis- burg. Distance from Portsmouth to Louisburg about six hun- dred miles. The city of Louisburg, at the time of its capture, con- tained 5,000 inhabitants, exclusive of the troops. «^' •// — «5B X ;x ^ ^"*/r --. * ,- kr r ; o / f •"'X i INDEX TO PLAN OF LOUISBOURG, 1745. From a Subvey by Lieutenant-Colonel K. Gridley. A Dauphin's Bastion and West Gate. B King^'s Bastion, or Citadel. C Queen's Bastion. 7> Princess's Bastion and South Gate. E Maurepas Bastion and East Gate. 1111 Glacis. 2i2 Ditch. NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. 31 IS'EW HAMPSHIRE MEN IN THE LOUISBURG EXPEDITION, 1745. Names. Re.sidence. Enlisted. Rank Company. Reg't. Corp. Private Sergt. Private Atkinson, John [ Feb. 13 Private Ackers, Joseph Exeter i " Addison, Jonas j ' " Atkinson, Joseph Brentwood " Adams, John L(»ndonderry. . June 20 " Ambrose, Jonathan Exeter ' " Aylmer, Valentine " Abbott, Joseph Dover Feb. 13 " Allen, Daniel Greenland " Abbott, John " ' Allcock, John Portsmouth Feb. 13 " Arickson, Samuel " Barker, John Feb. 13 " Black, Adam " " Blake, John, Jr.. Kensington " 1 Broughton, Noah Portsmouth " Brown, Isaac " Batt, Thomas Bell, Timothy Bickford, Jethro Newington Boothby , Jonathan j Portsmouth - Brewster, Richard " Brown, Caleb Brentwood i Brown, John " Boardman, John Feb. 13 Blake, Samuel Kensington Bean, Ed ward ' Bean, Nathaniel Feb. 13 Berry, Joseph ; " - Bunker, Benjamin Durham Buss, Joseph Dover Russell, Jacob " Bussell, John " Blake, Timothy Hampton Falls Bond, Jonathan 3 Brown, Edmund Hampton Falls Bennett, Abraham Brewster, John Barber, Joseph • Blake, Josiah * Bassett, Richard Bean, Daniel Kingston Feb. 13 Bickford, Eleazer Durham " Blake, Samuel, Jr Kensington * Blaster, Joseph Brooks, Edward Portsmouth Buntin, Samuel Center, Abraham Claridge, Thomas Colbath, Pitman Newmarket Colbath, Joseph Colbath, Benjamin Newington. Cooper, Jonathan Cooper, John , Cloyd, James Brentwood . Coney, Jack Creighton, George Exeter " Carter, John Londonderry.. June20 " Cass, Abner ." " Cotton, John Portsmouth Feb. 13 Sergt. Cunningham, Robert . . Londonderry.. June 20 Priva*^e Chapman, John Kensington " Chase, Enoch I " April 15 Feb. 13 Sergt. Private Ensign Private Mariner Ensign Private Moore's. Light's.. Sherburne's Hale's — Whidden's Moore's Fellows's . Moore's. Light's.. Sherburne's Prescott's Hale's ... Williams's. Whidden's. Trefethen's Fellows's , Light's Sherburne' Prescott's. 1 Taken prisoner. 2 Promoted to Ensign Aug. 10. Oct. 1. 1 Killed. '■ Promoted to Lieutenant NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. 33 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN IN THE LOUISBURG EXPEDITION, 1745.— Con*. Names. Residence. Enlisted. Rank. Company. Reg't. Challis, Thoma.s Choate, Jonathan Kingston . Clifford, William Cram, Benjamin Cash, Thomas Dover I Feb. 13 Clark, Josiah I Clark, Stephen Cook, Ebenezer Dover Critchet, James. . . Calfe, Robert Chester. Prescott's. . I Moore's . Hale.s. Exeter Hampton Falls Newcastle Cass, Nason Cram, Daniel Cucknet, William.. Cummin, Benjamin Card, Edward Card , Thomas Colby, Spencer Portsmouth.. Crimble, Charles I Carty, John 1 Cass", Jonathan ' Kensington Feb. 13 Clark, Alexander Oct. 17 Conner, .Samuel i Feb. 13 2 Cotton, Timothy Portsmouth " Dalton, Benjamin " Dunkin, John " Dam, Jonathan Downinj?, Joseph ' Dunn, Thomas j Dolloff , Amos Exeter Dolloff, David Dudley, Joseph Dudley, Joseph, Jr Davis, Moses Davis, William Dow, Charles Dow, Nathan Kensington Dam, William Dover Daniels, David " Drew, Zebulon " Durgin, William 3 Dudley, Trueworthy... Exeter ; Feb. 13 ■i Daniels, Eliphalet Durham i " Doe, Daniel " " Daniels, Benjamin Apr. 15 Davison, Dudley j " Dam, George Portsmouth Feb. 13 Dam, Way mouth Dam, Theophilus Newington Feb. 13 Dacker, David Portsmouth " Dearborn, Shubael Hampton Dent, John Kingston Denerson, John Portsmouth Dolloff, John Dow, Jeremiah Hampton Downer, Andrew '■'Dudley, James Exeter Feb. 13 "Dunn," Nicholas Portsmouth " 'Emery, Anthony Hampton " Elliot," Abraham Edgerly,John Ealet, John Eastman, Samuel Evans, Stephen j Dover Feb. 13 Sergt. Private Feb. 13 Mariner Williams's. Whidden's. Trefethen's! Fernald's ..; Surgeon Lieut. Private Moore's. Fellows'; Light's.. Prescott's Hale's Capt. Dudley's .. Lieut. Fernald's.. Mariner " " Trefethen's Private Sergt. Private Officer Lieut. Private Surgeon Private' Fellows's . " Light's " Prescott's " Hale's Moore's. ' Died Sept. 13, 1745. - Taken prisoner. ^ Discharged July 21. * Wounded and prisoner. ^ Discharged Aug. 7. "Killed. ' Mass. Artillery Co. 3 NEW HAMrSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURCi. 35 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN IN THE LOUISBURG EXPEDITION, 1745.— ('on«. Names. Residence. Enlisted. Rank. Company. Reg't. Feb. 13 Ellest, John Emery, Daniel , Edgerly, Samuel Brentwood .. Eyre, John Portsmouth. . Picket, John " ipiagg, John " M 2 Flagg, John, Jr " Forham, Richard ; " 3 Fellows, Nathaniel i ; June 20 Fitzgerald , Richard i Foy , John Dover Furber, Richard j Newington Ferrin, Moses i Fifleld, William ! Flander.s, Moses Folsom, Joseph Forrest, John i . Fellows, John. Private I Williams's. Moore's. " Whidden's. " Adjt Private Moore's Lieut. " Private " 1 Lieut. I Fellows's ..| Private i " ! Light's. Ferrel, John Somersworth. . Feb. 13 Folsom, J ohn j Forse, John Dover Fowler, Morrice i " Fox, Edward I Newmarket. * French, John Hampton Falls ij Fernald, John I Portsmouth . Foss, Zachariah ] I " Furbush, Benjamin Dover Furguson, John , Fales, Nathan ! " Folsom, Jonathan ; June 17 Frost, Samuel I Portsmouth . . . ! Fullerton, William Brentwood Prescott's.. Hale's Capt. Lieut. Private Lieut. Private Williams's. Fernald's.. Wise's . June 20 Feb. 13 Gooding, David j Feb. 13 Gordon, David Green, John Gardner, Joseph j Gibson, John , Giles, Joseph Brentwood . . . Gilman, James Gordon, Robert Gordon, James | Gault, Adam ' Londonderry Gault, Patrick " Griffith, John, Jr Portsmouth... George, Joseph i 1 Gilman, Joshua j Gimpson, Thomas ' * Gove, Ebenezer Hampton Falls Gove, Joseph ] " " Green, Bradbury " " June 17 Gerrish, William Dover Feb. 13 Giles, John I " i filidden, William ' " !.....•.... (Torman, James " ' , Gowell, John " I , Grace, Nicholas " , Gray, Reuben " ' Gloster, John Portsmouth Feb. 13 " Goudy, James : " Gardner, David Greeley, Peter Grove," John Gale, Daniel Moore's... Light's Clerk Private Sherburne' Prescott's. Lieut. " Private Hale's Corp. " Private " Corp. ' " Private I Mason's Officer Whidden's. 1 Promoted to Captain; no date. 2 promoted Ensign July 9. s Promoted to Captain Oct. 1. * Died. "^ Captain of the Sloop Abigail. "Died Jan. 20, 1716. ' Negro Slave of Theodore Atkinson. s Killed. NEW HAMPSHIIIE MEN AT LOUISBUllG. 37 NEW HA.MPSHIRB MEN IN THE LOUISBURQ EXPEDITION, 1745.— Co?U. Names. Residence. Enlisted. Rank Company. Reg't. Exeter. Brentwood Hampton . Newington . Portsmouth. Dover Portsmouth... April 15 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Oilman, Ezeliiel 1 Oilman, Robert , Oilman, Jonathan.... Olidden, Charles Oodfrey, Jonathan . . 2 Hall, John 2 Hall, Richard Haley, Thomas Hodgdon, John Hodgdon, Israel Hunt, Abner Huntress, Jonathan.. .! Huse, William ! Ham, Jotham Hooper, John | Portsmouth. Huntress, Christopher. i Newington . Hutchins, John ! 3 Hale, Samuel Portsmouth. Harris, Richard " Hassam, Jacob Dover Ham, Clement " Hayes, Elisha I " Heard, Samuel " Hill, Ichabod " Hoit, Charles " ^ Hubbard, John H. Hurell, Gideon Huntress, Samuel. Hussey, John Harford, Nicholas. Hall, John, Jr * Ham, Joseph *Ham, Weymouth.. 5 Ham, William ; " Hart, John Hicks, John Greenland 6 Hilton, William Hopkins, Edward Portsmouth... Hutchins, George ! " Ingalls, Peter I Jones, Thomas j Johnson, Thomas ' Judkins, Joseph j 1 Jackson, Joshua Portsmouth... Jackson, Elisha ! " n Jackson, Ebenezer j " Johnson, Philip Greenland Judkins, John ! Keniston, Joseph Knight, Richard Kelley , Daniel Kennedy, Robert Londonderry. Kimball, Jonathan Keniston, William Kenney, Richard " Kenney, Love Dover " Kinkett, David Keniston, Samuel, Jr.. Greenland Feb. 13 Kimming, Benjamin. . . Exeter | " Keniston, Benjamin. . . 'Keniston, John Feb. 13 Keniston, Samuel, Jr. .1 " King, George Portsmouth Feb. 13 Major Surgeon Lieut. Private Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 June 20 Feb. 13 Ensign Private Capt. Private Ensign Private Sergt. Private Drum'r Private Lieut. Private Sergt. Private Sergt. Psivate Mariner Otttcer Private Mariner Artificer Moore's. Fellows's . Prescott's. Hale's — Wise's!!!.' Williams's Moore's... Fellows's . Light's Moore's... Fellows's . Light's Sherburne'! Prescott's Hale's Fernald's. Dudley's'. Whiddens. Fernald's.. 1 Wounded. - Some places, written Hull. ' Promoted to Major, Oct. 17, 1745. < Taken prisoner. ^uied. 'Wounded, and died. 'Killed. NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBUKG. 39 NKW HAMPSHIRE MEN IN THE LOUISBURG EXPEDITION, 1745.— Con«. Names. Residence. Enlisted. Bank. Company. Reg't Leary , Jeremy ' Loggia, John Lamson, Nathaniel Exeter Leary, Thoma.s I Light, John Exeter Lougee, Moses Logan, Andrew Londonderry.. Loclse, Thomas ' Lowell, James Hampton Falls Libby, Benjamin Dover Libby, Daniel Lowell, David Ladd, Daniel Exeter 2 Ladd, Daniel, Jr " Ladd, John Leavitt, Jonathan Leach, John 3 Ladd, Jonathan, Jr Kingston Langdon, Samuel Portsmouth Lapish, William 3 Leavitt, Moses i Hampton Leavitt, Joshua ' Lewis, Benjamin Port.smouth Libby, John Leavitt, Samuel * Lufkin, Isaac Moore, Samuel j Portsmouth Marston, William — Marston, James ! Moulton, David ' McMahone, Roger ! Jloore, Edward Morgan, Andrew Marcy, William Marsh, James - Moody, Clement | Brentwood — 5 Marston, Jeremiali — \ Hampton McLaughlin, John I,ondonderry. McLenchan, James " McNeil, John Manchester McNeil, James " — Miller, Samuel Londonderry Miller, John 3 M(jntgomery, Henry. " Montgomery Hugh Moulton, Henry. . . Moulton, Thomas. 3 Moulton, Simon Merrow, Samuel Rochester — Marston, John Hampton Mason, John T j Portsmouth... McGregor, Daniel I Londonderry. Marston, Jonathan ' Moulton, James Marshall, Henry Brentwood... Marshall, Hawley ' " Martin, Michael Portsmouth... Martyn, Robert " Mason, Nathaniel Mason, Benjamin Hampton Mason, Francis Stratham., ' Mattoon, Richard Meader, Moses ' Durham Portsmouth — Feb. 13 June 17 June 20 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 June 17 April 15 Feb. 13 Mar. 18 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 12 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 June 20 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 June 20 April 15 Feb. 13 Private Capt. Private Sergt. Private Capt. Private Capt. Private Surgeon Chaplain Private Lieut. Private Col. Private Sergt. Private Ensign Private Capt. Private Lieut. Private Moore's. Light's. . Sherburne's Prescott's.. Hale's Williams's. Ladd's Trefethen's Wise's Moore's Fellows's . . Light's Sherburne's Prescott's. Hale's Williams's. Mason's — McGregor's Whidden's. ' Promoted to Ensign, July 16, 1745. ••Killed. 6 Killed. 2 Taken prisoner. 3 Died. ■'Wounded. 'Some places, Malloon. NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBFEG. 41 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN IN THE LOUISBURG EXPEDITION, 1745.— Con«. Names. Residence. Enlisted. Rank. Company. Reg't Merrill, Jacob Meserve, Nathaniel... ' Meserve, Nathaniel.Jr. Meserve, George - Miller, Robert Moody, John Morgan, Abraham Stratham . 3 Morgan, John Kingston. Moulton, Nathaniel Hampton, Portsmouth.. . Hampton Falls Portsmouth. Dover Portsmouth. Portsmouth... Epping Exeter . ■• Newmarch, Thomas. . Norton, Caleb Nute, Paul Nelson, Joseph Nelson, John " Nelson, Leader Nelson, James Peirce, Perham Perkins, George Perry, John Pinkham, John " Pitman, Ezekiel, Jr. . . Philbrick, Joseph ' Prescott, William Palmer, Growth Page, David ''Prescott, Jonathan... Prescott, Joseph s Prescott, John ' Kingston Pressey, Paul '• Perkins, Thomas ; Rochester Perkins, Nathaniel j Paine, John | Newcastle Peavey, Joseph Partridge. Jonathan. . . Portsmouth — Pease, Samuel Newmarket Pendester, Edward, Jr Perkinij, Robert ] Philbrick, Josiah 3 Philbrick, Simon Pickering, Thomas Pierce, Joseph Portsmouth Pinkham, Solomon Dover Quimby, Eliphalet I Rand, William 1 Newcastle Randall, William Rawlings, Stephen Rawlings, Samuel : Newington Read, Solomon ; Dover Roberts, Isaac Rundlett, Satchel Robinson, Benjamin Rowe, Daniel Rowe, Nathan Hampton Falls Rowe, Robert Richardson, Samuel Ring, Eliphalet , Portsmouth Rotierts, Samuel Dover Roberts, Thomas " Rowell, Enoch Chester Rand, William, Jr "Rawlings, Joseph Exeter Read, Samuel Redman, Joseph Hampton June 17 Feb. 13 June 20 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 April 15 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 June 17 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Oct. 10 Feb. 13 Mar. 16 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Ensign Moore' Lt. Col. ; Meserve's. Lieut. " Capt. Private Ensign Private Ensign Private Capt. Private Corp. Private Ensign Private Ensign Sur. ch'f Armorer Private Fellows's Prescott's Trefethen's Hale's... Moore's... Fellows's . Light's — Sherburne's Prescott's.. Hale's Whidden's Light's Moore's Fellows's . . Sherburne's Light'h Prescott's.. Hale's Williams's. 'Taken prisoner, Aug. 1, promoted to Lieutenant. 2 Arm shot off. ^Djed. ■•Promoted to Lieutenant, Oct. .j, 1745. "Taken prisoner. "Promoted to Lieutenant, June 20, 1745. 7Lo.staleg. » Died April 12, 1746. » Wounded, June 7. NEW HAMPSHIKE MEN AT LOUISBURG. 43 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN IN THE LOUISBURG EXPEDITION, 1745.— Co?i<. Names. Residence. Enlisted. Rank. Company. Reg't. Robie, Samuel Robinson, Charles 1 Sanborn, Abner Spriggs, William Studley, William Senter, Abraham Sherburne, Edward ... Stevens, John Sanborn, Josiah Savage, Moses Scribner, Samuel Severans, John Sinkler, Ebenezer Sinkler, Samuel Stockbridge, Abram... Sherburne, Henry Sherburne, Joseph Sherburne, Edward Sims, Samuel Stockbridge, Warren.. Stevens, Ephraim Swain, William Sweet, Robert Salter, Richard 2 Sam Sant)orn, Marston Smith, Archibald Smith, Jolin Stanton, Benjamin. ... Stanton, Benjamin, Jr. Stood ley, Jonathan — Samborn, John Samborn, Ebenezer Shaw, Benjamin Seaward, William Smith, James Sleeper, Joseph Sanborn, Shubael Sargent, Nathaniel Jr. Shaw, Josiah Sheafe, Jacob Sleeper, Moses Sleeper, Henry Sleeper, .lohn Studlej', John Thompson, Alexander. Tobey, Samuel Towle, Jabez Treadwell, William E.. Turner, John Thompson, Samuel ■ Thomas, John Thompson, James Thompson, William ... Titcomb, John Tibbetts, Samuel Tilton, Benjamin Taylor, Jariies Tilton, Jacob Trefethen, Abraham... 3 Tucker, Lewis Thing, Peter ■•Thomas, Benjamin Thompson, George — Chester Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Newington , Exeter . Stratham . . . Portsmouth Hampton Falls Feb. 13 June 6 Dover Portsmouth. Dover. Dover Somersworth. Portsmouth . . Hampton Falls So. Hampton Kingston Hampton Portsmouth. Kingston . . . Portsmouth. Hampton . .. Portsmouth Rochester . Dover Hampton Falls Newmarket Newcastle. . Brentwood . Portsmouth Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Mar. 20 Feb. 13 Oct. 5 June 17 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Mar. 1 Apr. 15 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Moore's ^J Fellows's . . •'•' Lights' Captain Sherburne's Private ,, ;; Prescott's.. " Hale's i! Williams's. Captain Private Ensign Private Seaward 's . Wise's : Ladd's ; Surgeon Private Private II " Moore's Comsj-. Private Corpl. Private Fellows's . . Sherburne's Hale's Corpl. Private Captain Mariner Officer Prescott's.. Williams's. Tilton's.... Trefethen's Fernald's. . 1 iDied. 2An Indian. s Taken prisoner, died. ^Wounded. NKW HAM1'8HI1;E .men at L0UISI}Ui;(4. 45 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN IN THE LOUISBURG EXPEDITION, 1745.— Con<. Names. Residence. Enlisted Ranli. Company. Reg't. 'Thornton, Mathew Tilton, Daniel -Trefethen, Henry Jr... Trydick, Henry 2 Tufts, Thomas 3 Veasey, Jeremiah Vittem, William ^ Vaughan, William Vittem, William, Jr White, Nathaniel R. . . . Wilson, John Wallace, Archibald Weare, Moses Welch, John Wherrin, James Wherrin, Isaac Woodham, John Waldron, Richard K. . . Watson, Samuel Wingate, Moses Wingate, Daniel Ward, James Watson, Thomas Wells, John Winslow, Joshua Welch, David Wright, Ebenezer Ward, Daniel ^ Weare, Joseph Weed, Joseph 6 Worthen, Ezekiel Weare, Nathaniel 2 Williams, Edward Waldron, Thomas W.. Watson, Jonathan Whidden, James Wise, John Wood, James Wadleigh, Theophilus. Walden. John Warren, Walter Waters, Samuel ' WeymDUth, Shadrick. . Wheel Wright, Jeremiah Whidden, Michael Whidden, Nicholas.... White, Samuel Whitton, Samuel Wormall, Daniel Young, Eleazer Young, Joseph Yeatton, Philip York, Richard Young, Hezekiah Londonderry.. Mar. 1 Newcastle Feb. 13 Feb. 13 June 17 Feb. 13 Hampton Portsmouth . . Hampton Stratham t Feb. 13 Kensington. Kensington . . . Hampton Falls Sept. 30 Apr. 15 June 17 Dover Hampton Falls Epping Portsmouth Portsmouth . . Brentwood . . . Dover Somers worth. Exeter Kingston Mar. 2 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 Apr. 15 Mar. 18 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 ApV. 15 Feb. 13 Surgeon Private Ensign Private Lt. Col. Private Sergt. Private Feb. 13 Lieut. Private Lieut. Private Ensign Private Ensign Private Captain Private Captain Sur.Mate Private Lieut. Private Sergt. Lieut. Captain Ensign Sergt. Private Ensign Private Light's... Moore's. . Moore's... Fellows's . Hale's Light's. Sherburne's Prescott's William's. . Waldron's . Ladd's Whidden's. Wise's Hale's Sherburne's Moore's. Moore's. ' Richmonds, Mass. Reg't. ^ Died. 'Promoted to lieutenant Oct. 1, 1745. 'Com- missioned by Mass. <> Promoted ensign Aug. 11, 1745. ^ promoted to lieutenant Oct. 1, 1745. ' Taken prisoner. NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISIUTR(^ 47 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN IN THE LOUI8BURG EXPEDITION, 1745— Con«. Names. Residence. Enlisted Rank. Company. Reg't Atherton, Philip Bishop, Baly Blaucher, Edward... Braman, Thomas Campbell, Jeremiah . Caperoa, John Cobb, Richard Grossman, Henry Day, Edward Dorman, Micajah Esty, Ber)jamiii Fillebrown, Thomas . Fisher, Nehemiah ... Fisher, Abijah Fisher, John Fisher, Eleazer Forrest, John Forrest, Samuel French, Ephraim French, Jacob Glen, Richard ^ Grover, Thomas Hodg-es, Eliphalet ... Hodges, Benjamin... Hounestman, Heber. Lane, Zepheniah Lyon, Elkanon Napp, Aaron Rogers, John Sheldon, Ephraim .. Thayer, Ephraim Thayer, Philip Tiffany, Joseph Tiffany, Robert Turner, Ebenezer Weeks, John White, Abraham White, Daniel Wood, Benjamin Private Sergt. Private Drum'r Private Sergt. Private Sergt. Private Sergt. Private Corpl. Private- Corpl. Private Clerk Private Corpl. Private 48 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISTUTRfi. \_SJiirle)/ to Wenticorth.~\ . ^ Boston, March 4, 1745. Sir, As it will be uncertain where M"^ Vaughan will be upon the arrival of this I am obliged to trouble you with 100"' N. Tenour (by the bearer) to pay to those men, w'^'^ he shall have enlisted over & above the 150 to be aggre- gated to your Regiment, and to desire him to seey' the men are march'd to Boston instantly to fill up the Incomplete Companies belonging te Colonel Hale's Regiment, w''^ will be there by the time those men get to Boston, or if he marches 'em to Charleston it will do: I must refer you for everything else at present to M"" Bastide, who will dine w"^ you on Monday — I am sorry I am obliged to trouble you w"' the Letter w<=^ accompanies this, at this improper time ; But I could not avoid, from the Importunity of the Coun- cil, and expectation of the assembly, doing it longer — I will write you further upon it by next post and must now sub- scribe ray self in much haste and Truth Your Exc^'* most obedient Humble servant W. Shirley His Exc^ Gov-" Wentworth [The men referred to in the foregoing were raised in New Hampshire, over and above its own quota, to help Massa- chusetts fill its quota for the Louisburg expedition. See Vol. V, 943.— Editor N. H. State Papers.] From the above letter of Governor Shirley of Massachu- setts it would appear that the thirty-nine men in the fore- going roll were from New Hampshire, but as it is uncer- tain, have put them in a separate roll. THE CELEBRATION. The American Historical Register has granted the writer permission to copy from its repoi-t of the proceedings at the celebration, in the July number for 1895, which he has done, in an abridged form. THE LOUISBURG MONUMENT. ERECTED BY THE SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. UNVEILED JUNE 17, 1895. The handsome marble column erected by the So- ciety of Colonial Wars at Louisburg, Cape Breton, to commemorate tlie one hundred and fiftieth anni- versary of the siege and surrender of the fortress of Louisburg to the New England troops under General Pepperell, was unveiled June 17. It was a successful event in every way. The weather was propitious to outdoor services and thousands of people from the surrounding country and from Hal- ifax and Sydney, Avitnessed the function. Every State Society of Colonial Wars was represented, many members of the New York and New England Chapters were present on their private yachts with parties of friends. The British war ship Canada was present and gaily decollated with bunting, as were the vessels in port and many private residences. 4 THE LOUISBTJRG MONUMENT. NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISHrUCJ. 51 The French Canadians entered heartily into the joUification, although the monument was to commemorate a victory over their ancestors Fre- (|uent mention was made by the speakers of the valor and chivalry of the French, and the hope was expressed that the French republic would always be on friendly relations with the United States and Great Britain. The land on which the monument is erected was donated by a Frenchman. The assemblage was called to order at noon, in the King's Bastion of the ruins of the fortress, by the chairman of the Society's Monument Commit- tee, Mr. Howland Pell, of New York, with some appropriate remarks. After prayer by the Rev. Dr. Salter, of Burlington, Iowa, the following address of Mr. Frederick J. de Peyster, of JS^ew York, gov- ernor-general of the Society, was read by Mr. Pell : Mr. Governor^ Gentlemen of the Society of Colonial Wars., and Guests : We have assembled here to-day among these storied ruins to dedicate the first — the very first — monument ever erected by the people of the Great Republic to com- memorate the greatest triumph achieved by their colonial ancestors. It is the greatest trium|)h, because it is the only instance recorded in history of the victory of a body of irregulars, led by a civilian, over well-trained and gallant foes. It was the success of shopkeepers, artisans, fishermen, farmers, and clerks commanded l)y a mere merL-hant, planned by a law- yer utterly ignorant of the art of war, over the regular soldiers of the first military power of Europe, led by well- trained, experienced, and gallant commanders, and in- trenched within the strongest fortress of the New World. Tlie enterprise was a mad one, but it succeeded. \'ictoiy without the English fleet would have been impcjssible. The 52 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBUUG. English fleet was at first refused, but it arrived in good time to complete the victory. Thirty years ago, Goklwiu Smith said : '' The English yeomanry are no longer to be found in England, the descendants of the brave youths who followed the standards of Cromwell and Ireton no longer breathe British air; bat they are not extinct; to-day you may find them beneath the standards of Grant and of Sherman." What renders this triumph of the Anglo-Saxon race the more glorious is that it was won over worthy foes. The fortress which capitulated 150 years ago to-day was held by the first soldiers of Europe, the warriors of the "Grand Monarque." Few laurels can be won by defeating a horde of Asiatic slaves, but to tear the Lilies from the citadel was, indeed, a splendid achievement. The laurels won heje were won from no [)oltroons, but from the brave, romantic, chivalrous, but unfortunate chil- dren of glorious France. The glory of this day is enough for all. Enough for English and American on the one hand and the gallant soldiers of Louis on the other. Both sides vk^ere equally brave, but fortune, as usual, favored the big- ger battalions. Captain Mahan is right. The true secret of England's empire, of her long roll of victories, is her sea power. Had France instead of England controlled the sea, French would be to-day the language of Boston, Philadel- phia, and New York. It was this long century of struggle which decided the fate of the continent, and hence the gratitude which we feel to those who battled so long, so gallantly, and so successfully for the Cross of St. George. Our Society of Colonial Wars is devoted to doing justice to this very period, to the men who raised the scattered and attenuated fringe of settlements along the Atlantic into the mighty republic which is to-day the peer of the greatest power on earth. We wish that the unconquerable energy, the heroic courage, the devoted patriotism of those earlier NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. 53 days when Americans really became Americans, should re- main the distinguishing characteristics of our race to the end of time. And therefore we erect this monument to the memory of our heroic ancestors and as an inspiration to heroism for all generations (^f Americans. Mr. Everett Pepperell Wheeler, of New York, one of the few living descendants of the hero of Lonislnirg, General Pepperell, and a member of the New York State Society of Colonial Wars, de- livered the following oration of the day : Mr. G-overnor, Gentlemen of the Society of Colonial Wars, and Guests: Heaven smiles on our undertaking. The northwest wind has driven away the clouds and fogs of the past week. Under the blue Cape Breton sky we commem- orate achievements that, in their ultimate result, gave to the two great North American commonwealths their goodly heritage. The Roman historian tells us that the leaders of his time used to say that when they looked on the statues of their ancestors their souls were stirred with a passion of virtue. It was not the marble, nor the features that in themselves had force. But the memory of their noble deeds kindled a flame in the breasts of their descendants which could not be quenched until their actiojis had equaled the renown and worth of their fathers. In like manner we dedicate this monument in a spirit of gratitude to God and noble emulation for the heroism of man. No narrow spirit of local self-gratulation has brought us hither. We are glad to recognize that British sailors and colonial soldiers shared in the difficulties and dangers of the siege whose successful issue we celebrate to-day. And we are swift to acknowledge the courage and endurance of the garris(m, who, cut off from succor and short of provi- 54 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. sioiis, offered brave resistance for seven weeks to the British fleet and the regiments of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Connecticut. In the Parliament of Quebec questions have been put to the government, indicating that the member who asked them thought that this monument was erected in the spirit of triumph over a fallen foe. To him I reply that we have not thus learned the lessons of history. This col- umn points upward to the stars, and away from the petty jealousies that man the earth. It will tell, we trust, to many generations, the story of the courage, heroic fortitude, and manly energy of those who fought behind the ramparts, as well as of those who fought in the trenches. Some histo- rians, it is true, have underrated the bravery of the defenders of the city, and even asserted that they surrendered before a breach was made in their walls, and when they might well have held out for months. The best answer to this is con- tained in an original document which gives the most authentic account of the siege : Governor Shirley's letter to the Duke of Newcastle. This was certified by Pepperell himself and by Waldo, Moore, Lothrop, and Gridley. It gives the following graphic description of the condition of the fortress when Du Chambon surrendered : "•And ]iow, the Grand Battery being in our possession, the Island Battery (esteemed by the French the Palladium of Louisburg) so much annoyed from the Lighthouse Bat- tery, that they could not entertain the hope of keeping it much longer ; the enemy's northeast battery being dam- aged, and so much exposed to the fire from our advanced battery, that they could not stand to their guns; the circu- lar battery ruined, and all its guns but three dismounted, whereby the Harbour was disarmed of all its principal bat- teries ; the west gate of the city being demolished, and a breach made in the adjoining wall ; the west flank of the King's Bastion almost ruined ; and most of the other guns, which had been mounted during the time of the siege being NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. 55 silenced; all the houses and other buildings within the city (some of which were quite demolished) so damaged, that but one among them was left unhurt; the enemy extremely harassed by their long confinement within their casemates, and other covered holes, and their stock of ammunition being almost exhausted, Mr. Du Chambon sent out a flag of truce." The men who stood in the trenches at Louisburg or dragged their cannon across its morasses were the best men of their colonies. They came hither inspired by no greed for conquest. Their expedition was really a defen- sive one. Their commerce had been assailed, their fron- tier settlements ravaged by hostile Indians, their wives and children massacred or carried into captivity. Louis- burg was the harbor where the French privateers found refuge, and whence marauding expeditions sallied forth. Its ma.ssive walls were twenty-five years in buihling. Time has dealt hardly with these, but their ruin^ still bear witness to what was called at the time, the Dunkirk of America. The harbor which they covered you behold before you, landlocked and secure from the storms of this r(jckbound coast. The Island Battery and the Grand Bat- tery barred all hostile entrance. And the city had mag- azines from which all Canada might be supplied. The immediate occasion of the Louisburg expedition was an appeal for aid from Nova Scotia. In the archives of that province you will find a letter from Governor Mas- carene to Governor Shirley, of Massachusetts. It was written at Annapolis Royall, December, 1^44. In this your governor tells the story of the outbreak of war. The honor of suggesting the Louisburg expedition has been claimed by several. Probably the thought occurred to more than one. The New England [)eople were ripe for the attempt. Their state of mind at the time is well described by Belkna[), the historiau of New Hampshire : 56 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. '■' There are certain latent sparks in human nature which, b}'- a collision of causes, are sometimes brought to light, and, when once excited, their operations are not easily controlled. In undertaking anything hazardous, there is a necessity for extraordinary vigor of mind and a degree of confidence and fortitude which shall raise us above the dread of danger and dispose us to run a risk which the cold maxims of prudence would forbid. The people of New England have at various times shown such an enthu- siastic ardor, which has been excited by the example of their ancestors and their own exposed situation. It was never more apparent, and perhaps never more necessary, than on occasion of this expedition. Nor ought it to be forgotten that several circumstances, which did not de- pend on human foresight, greatly favored this undertak- ing." The General Court of Massachusetts decided, on Janu- ary 29, by a majority of one vote, to undertake the expe- dition. Immediately preparations were made with the utmost speed. Those who had opposed the plan, because of its danger, vied with its supporters in activity to pro- mote its success. It is not surprising that the enterprise should have aroused the enthusiasm of men like the colonists of that day. They were the most resolute and fearless of a res- olute and fearless race. Religious zeal had led some to this country. Love of adventure had influenced others. They were inui-ed to hardship by constant struggle with nature. They had built their own houses and their own ships, had cleared forests and ploughed fields. The exigency of their situation had made them ready for any emergency. There were few factories in America, and the necessaries of life were largely supplied by the industry of the hamlets. The embroidered waistcoats and purple coats of the gentr3% as you see them in the portraits of Copley and Smybert, came from home, as England still NEW HA:SIPSH1RE men at LOUIS I?UR(4. 57 was called. But the gavnients of the sailors and fanners, who battered down the walls of Louisburg, were woven around their firesides in the long winter evenings. And then we must remember that the people of the thirteen colonies were a commercial and seafaring people. They dwelt in a narrow strip of land extending along the Atlantic coast. Thus have I tried to sketch the characteristics of the Americans of 1745. In times of peril such characteristics always find embodiment in a leader. It is common and easy to say that great men are bnt the expression of their time and lead it only in the sense that the spray leads the billow. That is but half the truth. When God gives to mankind the inestimable gift of a great man, he does, it is true, represent the sjjirit of his age. But he leads it, as the moon does the tides. Happy the people who appre- ciate such a man and are filled by his spirit, as the Bay of Fundy in every creek and inlet is filled by the advancing flood. It was fortunate for the colonies that in the emer- gency of 1745 there was a leader whom they trusted, and who was wise enough to discard the visionary schemes of others; brave enough to face the veterans of France, intrenched behind the walls which the skill and experi- ence of Vauban had planned, and self-sacrificing enough to leave home and business, and all that made life pleasant and sweet, to endure the hardship and peril of this expedition, which Parkman calls "a niad scheme" — but which Pepperell and his followers dared to under- take. I could not do justice to the occasion or the subject if I failed to speak for a moment of his remarkable career. He was a notable instance of the versatility and adaptiveness which the life of those daj^s compelled. He was a success- ful merchant. He was a gallant soldier, accustomed from early youth to draw the sword in defense of his home and country. He had been in actual servic^e against the In- 58 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOFISBUKG. dians before he was twenty-one. It might have been said of him, as it was of Wolfe, that he. Where'er lie fought, Put so much of liis heart into his act, That liis example had a magnet's force. And all were swift to follow, whom all loved. He was for twenty-nine years chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas for Maine. He was an active and con- spicuous member of His Majesty's Council for the colony of Massachusetts. It is but just to him to add that his religion was not disfigured by bigotry or intolerance. It was an evident power in his life, but it always respected the religion of others. And now let me return to the story of the expedition itself. I will not dwell upon its details. Representatives of societies from various states have spokeu of what each colony did to promote its success. Massachusetts (which then included Maine) certainly did the most. She was the richest and most populous. But New Hampshire and Connecticut did much, and New York, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Pennsylvania came forward to aid, though no troops of theirs were in the trenches. A Rhode Island sloop of war rendered essential service. When we remember how diificult communication be- tween the colonies was at the time of which we are speak- ing, we shall wonder that they acted so much in concert — not that they did no more. The mails were infrequent — roads were poor. Oftentimes the travelers in a stage coach were obliged to get out and lift the wheels out of the mud in which they sunk to the liubs. No one had even dreamed of railroad or electric telegraj)!!. The won- derful power of steam was unknown. It will help us to realize the obstacles which beset any concerted action on the part of the colonies when we remember that even in the old mother countr}^ roads were so bad, 'and the trans- mission of intelligence so slow, that the Chevalier had ^'EW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LUUISliUllG. 59 been in Scotland nearly three weeks before the news reached Edinburgh. The tidings of the surrender of Louisburg did not reach Boston until July 3, sixteen days after the event, and were tirst known in New York a week later. Such were the difHiculties that our fathers had to face. Yet, withal, they had encouragement. Providence had favored their cause. The harvest of 1744 had been abun- dant, the winter was mild, the frontiers of New England had been unmolested, unexpected supplies arrived from Great Britain. The Grand Battery was not well fortified on the land side. The city had deprived itself of provis- ions to furnish the East India fleet and squadron for its recent voyage to France, and the Vigilante^ which brought supplies, was captured by Warren. The weather during the siege was generally fine. The colonial troops cap- tured in the Grand Battery, and fished up at the careen- ing basin, the heavy cannon which they needed. But all these would have availed nothing had it not been for the courage, the perseverance, the aptitude of the men who took advantage of these favoring circumstances, and brought their fleet of 100 vessels, with the little army of 4,050 men, safely to Canseau. There, to their great delight, on April 28, appeared Warren's squadron. Thence they sailed to Louisburg; on April 30, the troops landed, and after seven weeks of toil and peril, diversified, as we learn, when the soldiers were off duty, by games and sports, the fortress was theirs. Their hardihood and daring are described in the words of one of the gallant French garrison as repeated by Gib- son in the journal before-mentioned : ••' This gentleman, I say, told me that he had not had his clothes off his back, either by night or day, from the first commencement of the siege. He added, moreover, that in all the histories he had ever read, he never met 60 NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. with an instance of so bold and presumptuous an attempt ; that 'twas almost imj)racticable, as any one could think, for only three or four thousand raw, undisciplined men to lay siege to such a strong, well-fortified city, such garri- sons, batteries, etc. For should any one have asked me, said he, what number of men would have been sufficient to have carried on that very enterprise, he should have answered not less than thirty thousand. To this he sub- joined that he never heard of or ever saw such courage and intrepidity in such a handful of men, who regarded neither shot nor bombs. But what was still more surpris- ing than all the rest, he said, was this, namely, to see bat- teries raised in a night's time, and more particularly the Fascine battery, which was not five-and-twenty rods from the city wall ; and to see guns that were forty-two pound- ers dragged by the English from their grand battery, not- withstanding it was two miles distant, at least, and the road, too, very rough." The tidings of the surrender were received throughout the colonies with the utmost enthusiasm. The contempo- rary accounts are too graphic not to be quoted : " Now the churl and the niggard became generous, and even the poor forgot their poverty, and in the evening the whole town (Boston) appeared, as it were, in a blaze, almost every house being finely illuminated."" And now, let iis pause for a moment and ask what was the result of this expedition. Do its consequences merit a monument? At hrst sight, aijparently not. The capture of Louisburg is one of those historical events which was fruitful of great results, but which, for the. most part, are slow in germination. Immediately it secured the cod fishery to the colonists for three years ; it cut the French fishermen off from the Banks for a like period ; it destroyed the French Atlantic trade for 1745; it gave the English a NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOUISBURG. 61 prize which enabled them to buy back Madras at the treaty of Aix la Chapelle. India was more valuable in the eyes of the Duke of Newcastle than all the Atlantic colonies. But the remote consequences of this expedition far trans- cend in importance these immediate ones. It was a school of arms for the colonial troops. Gridley, who planned the parallels and trenches at Louisburg, laid out also the fortifi- cations of Bunker Hill. Its success showed the colonies their power and the necessity for their union. It showed them, too, that in the councils of Great Britain their affairs were of minor im- portance. This was a dreadful shock to the loyal love of the old home which then was general in the colonies. On the other hand, the capture of Louisburg jjointed out to William Pitt the possibility of the conquest of the whole of Canada, and paved the way for that. In the next war Canada was conquered, and the English colonists freed from the fear of attack from their neighbor on the north. The expenses of this war and the consequent demands of the British exchequer, led the ministry to tax the colonies. America resisted, and the result was the American Revolution. By an extraordinary turn in the wheel of time, the French assisted the old English colonies to become an independent nation, while the old French colonies remained the property of Great Britain. It is now one hundred and fifty years since the surrender of Louisburg. It is one hundred and twelve years since the treaty of Paris recognized the independence of the United States and confirmed to Great Britain the possession of Canada. Surely the rancor of the old wars ought by this time to be burned completely out. Surely we can now agree that the development of these countries during all that time has been promoted by the result of those old wars. And despite, perhaps partly in consequence of, the magnitude and costliness of the fleets and armies of to-day, we may believe that the ties of Christian faith, the links of 62 NEW HARIPSHIKE MEN AT LOUISBUKG. mutual trade, the bands of friendship, the swift steamer, and the swifter electric current have bound us so closely together that English and French and American armies shall never more meet on the battlefield. We vie in the peaceful contests of art and science, and will settle the inevitable disputes by arbitration. There are social prob- lems before us, as difificult of solution as any that have vexed the past. The very complication of the interlacing nerves of our modern civilization, which offers so many obstacles to war and binds nations over to keep the peace, is producing disorders and dangers within each state that require nicer surgery than that of the sword or the bayonet. It is then with faces to the future that we dedicate this monument to the memory of all the brave men who fought and fell at Louisburg, whether under the Cross of St. George or the Lilies of France. The morning sun will illumine its summit. The sunset ray will gild its massive and simple outline. The storms and fogs of Cape Breton will gather round it. In sunshine and storm alike, let it tell to all mankind that peace has her victories, no less renowned than war; that the courage and resolution of the fathers live in the hearts of their children ; that we are prepared to face the conflicts, the difficulties and the perils of the coming century in firm reliance upon the i)rotecting care of the same God who was with our fathers and will be with all who are loyal to Him to the end of time. Addresses were also made by Dr. Mackay of the N. S. Historical Society, D. H. Ingraham, United States consul-general for Nova Scotia, and repre- sentatives of the various State Societies of Colonial Wars, when the monument was unveiled by His Honor Lieutenant-Governor Daly of Nova Scotia, on behalf of His Excellency the Earl of Aberdeen, governor-general of Canada; and salutes were fired. NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN AT LOITIvSUUIKi. 63 After benediction by the Rev. T. Fi-aser Draper, rector of St. Bartholomew's Church, Louisburg, the members of the Society of Colonial Wars and their guests dined together. In the evening, at the Sydney hotel, the mayor and recorder of Sydney and warden of the muni- cipality presented an address of welcome, congratu- lation, and thanks to the visiting members of the Society of Colonial Wars. Happy responses were made by several of the visitors and by A. G. Jones, and a very pleasant time was brought to a close by singing "Auld Lang Syne." '^^^^'^^ '^-^ ^5- ^^^f};^:-