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THE 
 
 HUDSON-FULTON 
 
 CELEBRATION 
 
 1909 
 
 The Fourth Annual Report of the Hudson- 
 Fulton Celebration Commission to the Legis- 
 lature of the State of New York • Transmitted 
 to the Legislature May twentieth, nineteen ten 
 
 Prepared by Edward Hagaman Hall. L. H. M., L. H. D. 
 
 VOLUME II . PAGES 715 to 1421 
 
 Printed for the State of New York by 
 J. B. Lyon Company, State Printers, at Albany, 1 9 10 
 

 "It is as pleasant a land as one need tread upon . . . The land is the 6n 
 vation that I ever in my life set foot upon." — Henrt Hudson. 
 
 "Industry will give abundance to a virtuous world and call mankind to unbounded 
 feats of harmony and friendship. The liberty of the seas will be the happiness of the 
 earth." — Robert Fulion. 
 
 "We are not celebr.jting ourselves . . . We celebrate the immense significance of 
 America to all mankind. May the harmony and fraternity of this festival be an augury 
 for the future. May the blending of races which has made possible all that we now cele- 
 brate never be made naught by the conflict of races upon the battlefield. May the spirit 
 of this day persist, grow ever more effective in the minds of men, and this occasion be the 
 precursor of many a festival in the years to come, marking the steady progress of all 
 peoples of the earth who have united to make America what it is, upwards and onward, 
 along the path that leads to perfect peace and justice and liberty. " — Elihu Root, Sept. 
 29, 1909. 
 
 "The money that has been spent on this Celebration has not been wasted. We have too 
 few opportunities in this country to come together when there are no partisan questions to 
 be discussed, when there are no individual prejudices to be incurred, when there are no 
 candidacies to be fostered; but we are all united, emphasizing our unity and sinking our 
 differences, in order that America may be great because the people are inspired to justice 
 and to appreciation of the ideals of the great Republic ... I say to you, my friends, 
 it has been worth while, and we are altogether in this great State of New York better 
 equipped for aur duties as citizens, knowing more of our glorious past, more confident of the 
 future, thari vfc would have been if we had not worked so hard to give an adequate repre- 
 sentatioc fA "our joy in our progress. "— Charles E. Hugues, Oct. 7, 1910. 
 
CHAPTER XXXIII 
 
 PUBLIC LECTURES 
 
 EARLY in the deliberations of the Commission, the attention 
 of the Trustees was directed toward the remarkable free 
 lecture system of the Board of Education of New York 
 City as a means for increasing the educational value of the 
 Celebration. This free lecture system was organized 21 years 
 ago by Henry M. Leipziger, Ph.D., LL.D., whose work in 
 connection with library foundations and in the field of ethical 
 and educational lecturing and writing is well known through- 
 out the United States and Europe. Under Dr. Leipziger's People's 
 direction as Supervisor of Lectures of the Board of Educa- ^°*" 
 tion, this system of free education for adults whose circum- 
 stances prevent their enjoying such advantages otherwise — a 
 sort of University of the People — has been developed to such 
 a degree that at the present time lectures by a corps of over 
 600 selected lecturers are deHvered at 170 "centers" in dif- 
 ferent parts of the city to an aggregate attendance of over 
 1,250,000 persons annually. 
 
 With a view to utilizing this system in reaching the people 
 with the lessons of the Celebration, a Committee on Public 
 Lectures was appointed, with Dr. Leipziger as Chairman; but 
 owing to the fact that Dr. Leipziger's health required his 
 absence abroad during the summer of 1909, the duties of this 
 committee were very willingly assumed by the Children's 
 Festivals Committee, of which the Hon. Samuel Parsons is 
 Chairman; and the details were arranged by the Board of Edu- 
 cation under the immediate direction of William H. Maxwell, 
 Ph.D., LL.D., City Superintendent of Schools. 
 
 In accordance with these arrangements, free public lectures. 
 
Places 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 illustrated with stereopticon views, were given on Wednesday 
 evening, September 29, 1909, in the 70 centers named in the 
 following list: 
 
 Manhattan Borough. Public School i, Henry and Catharine sts.; Public School z\, Mott St., 
 lecture between Spring and Prince sts.; Public School 65, Eldridge St., near Hester St.; Public School 62, 
 Hester, Essex and Norfolk sts.; Public School 147, Henry and Gouverneur sts.; Public School 4, 
 Rivington, Ridge and Pitt sts.; Public School 160, Suffolk and Rivington sts.; Public School 63, 
 4th St., east of First ave.; Public School 64, loth St., east of .\ve. B; Stuyvesant High School, 16th 
 St., near First ave.; Public School 14, 225 East 27th st.; Public School 38,Dominick, Clarkeand 
 Broome sts.; Public School 33, 418 West 28th St.; PubHc School 51, 523 West 44th St.; Public School 
 
 27, 41st and 42d sts., east of Third ave.; PubHc School 82, 70th st. and First ave.; De Witt Clinton 
 High School, Tenth ave., 58th and 59th sts.; Public School 158, Ave. A, between 77th and 78th 
 sts.; Public School 150, 95th and gbth sts., east of Second ave.; Public School 168, 104th and 105th 
 sts., east of Second ave.; Public School 165, loSth st., near Amsterdam ave. ; Wadleigh High School, 
 115th St., between Seventh and Eighth aves.; Public School 43, 129th st. and Amsterdam ave.; 
 Public School 159, 241 East 119th st.; Public School 119, 133d st., near Eighth ave.; Public School 
 169, Aubudon ave., i68th and 169th sts. 
 
 Bronx Borough. Public School 27,St. Ann's ave., between 147th and 148th sts.; Public School 
 37, 145th St., east of Willis ave.; Morris High School, 166th st. and Boston Road; Public School 
 
 28, Anthony and Tremont aves.; Public School 33, Jerome ave., north of 184th St.; Public School 
 J, 2436 Webster ave., Fordham; Public School 12, Frisby ave., Westchester; Public School 32, 
 183d St., Beaumont and Cambreling aves.; Public School 34, Amethyst ave., near Morris Park 
 ave.. Van Nest. 
 
 Brooklyn Borough. Public School 5, Tfllary, Bridge and Lawrence sts.; Public School 6, Baltic 
 and Warren sts., near Smith st. ; Commercial High School, Albany ave., Dean and Bergen sts.; Girls" 
 High School, Nostrand ave., Halsey and Macon sts.; Public School 42, St. Mark's ave., corner 
 Classon ave.; Manual Training High School, Seventh ave., between 4th and 5th sts.; Public School 
 146, 19th St., between Sixth and Seventh aves.; Eastern District High School, Marcy ave., Rodney 
 and Keap sts.; Public School 148, Hopkins st., near Delmonico place; Public School 147, Siegel 
 St., corner of Bushwick ave.; Public School 126, Meserole ave. and Guernsey st.; Public School 
 132, Manhattan ave. and Conselyea st.; Public School 123, Irving ave. and Suydam st.; Public 
 School 116, Knickerbocker ave. and Grove St.; Public School 137, Saratoga ave. and Bainbridgc 
 St.; Public School 118, Fourth ave., 59th and 60th sts.; Public School 131, Fort Hamilton ave, 
 and 43d St.; Erasmus Hall High School, Flatbush ave., near Church ave.; Public School 130, 
 Oce.in Parkway and Fort Hamilton ave.; Public School 1 14, Remsen ave., near Avenue F, Canarsie; 
 Public School 150, Christopher ave., south of Belmont ave.; Public School 149, Sutter ave., Vermont 
 and Wyona sts.; Public School 108, Linwood st. and Arlington ave. 
 
 Queens Borough. Bryant High School, Wilbur ave.. Academy and Radde sts., Long Island 
 City; Newtown High School, Chicago ave. and Grove St., Elmhurst; Public School 6, Steinway ave., 
 between Broadway and Jamaica ave.. Long Island City; Public School 11, Woodside ave., between 
 2d and 3d sts., Woodside; Flushing High School, Sanford ave. and Union st.. Flushing; Public 
 School 27, 13th St. and First ave.. College Point; Jamaica Training School for Teachers, Flushing 
 and Hillside aves., Jamaica; Far Rockaway High School, Roanoke ave. and State St., Far Rockaway; 
 Richmond Hill High School, Elm and Stewart sts., Richmond Hill. 
 
 Richmond Borough. Public School 20, Heberton ave.. Port Richmond; Public School i. Garrison 
 ave., south of Amboy Road, Tottenville; Public School 14, Broad and Brook sts., Stapleton. 
 
Public Lectures 
 
 717 
 
 To illustrate the lectures, the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Stereop- 
 Commission provided 5,110 stereopticon views, divided into**?"" 
 70 sets of 73 views each, representing the following named 
 subjects selected by the Board of Education: 
 
 Amsterdam Harbor. 
 
 Schreyerstoren, Amsterdam. 
 
 Map of Hudson's Four Recorded Voyages. 
 
 The Half Moon Westward Bound in Search 
 
 of the "Far East." 
 The Half Moon at Anchor in New York Bay. 
 The Hudson Tablet. 
 
 Greater New York and its Surroundings. 
 Hudson's Welcome by the Indians to Man- 
 hattan. 
 The Half Moon at Anchor off the Palisades. 
 Hudson and the Indians. 
 Replica of the Half Moon. 
 Rephca of the Half Moon Fully Rigged. 
 The Proposed Hudson Memorial Bridge at 
 
 Spuyten Duyvil. 
 Hudson's Last Voyage. 
 Indian Chief. 
 Indian Messenger. 
 Three Types of War Clubs Common among 
 
 the Iroquois and other Indians of the East. 
 Primitive Stone Implements, all found within 
 
 the Territory of Greater New York. 
 Wampum Belt, Two Strings of Wampum 
 
 Beads. 
 Ceremonial Head Dress Worn at Religious and 
 
 other Ceremonies. 
 Another Type of Ceremonial Head Dress. 
 Indian Woman Pounding Corn in a Wooden 
 
 Mortar with a Dumb-Bell-Shaped Wooden 
 
 Pestle. 
 India Pot In Silu. 
 Household Implements. 
 Pump Fire Drill Used by the Iroquois Indians 
 
 for Making Fire. 
 Form of House as Constructed by the Shinne- 
 
 cock Indians of Long Island. 
 Shinnecock Indians' House, Covered. 
 Indian Rock Shelter Found near Armonk, 
 
 Westchester County, N. Y. 
 Indian Burying Ground, Tottenville, S. I. 
 Robert Fulton. 
 
 Plan of Steamboat Drawn by Fulton and 
 
 Submitted to Napoleon in 1803. 
 "Fulton and Napoleon." 
 Drawings by Fulton of Parts of a Steam En- 
 
 The Blowing up of the Dorothea by Fulton's 
 Torpedo in October, 1805, near Deal, Eng. 
 
 The Clermont off the Battery. 
 
 Replica of the Clermont. 
 
 The Fulton Memorial. 
 
 Monument to Robert Fulton in Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 The "Paquebot Transatlantic," from a Paint- 
 ing in the Collection of Hon. John D. Crim- 
 
 "The Robert Fulton," 1909. 
 
 The Half Moon, the Clermont and the Maure- 
 
 tania Compared. 
 Minuit Purchasing Manhattan Island from 
 
 the Indians in 1626. 
 Peter Stuyvesant Treating with the Indians in 
 
 1664. 
 The Surrender of the Dutch to the English in 
 
 1664. 
 Dutch School. 
 
 The First Free School of New York. 
 The Fort at the Battery in 1740. 
 Patriots and Soldiers Tearing Down the Leaden 
 
 Statue of George III, July 9, 1776. 
 Cortelyou Tablet, Prospect Park, Brooklyn. 
 The Maryland Shaft, Prospect Park, Brook- 
 Statue of Nathan Hale, City Hall Park. 
 Prison Ship " Jersey." 
 Martyrs' Monument, Fort Greene Park, 
 
 Brooklyn. 
 Billopp House, Tottenville, S. I. 
 Old Garrison Well at Fort Tryon. 
 The Capture of Andre. 
 The Hudson River from West Point. 
 The Revolutionary Chain at West Point. 
 Washington's Headquarters at Newburgh. 
 
7i8 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Federal House, on the Site of the Present Sub- Looking North up Second Avenue at the Comer 
 
 treasury. of Forty-Second Street, in i860, from the 
 
 Government House in 1 790, from the Crimmins Crimmins Collection. 
 
 Collection. Palisades and Steamboat. 
 
 St. Paul's Church About 1820, from the Crim- The Highlands of the Hudson. 
 
 mins Collection. Storm King on the Hudson. 
 
 View from the Steeple of St. Paul's Church Old Senate House — Kingston. 
 
 Prior to 1850, from the Crimmins Collection. Panorama of the City of Albany in 1909. 
 
 Castle Garden — "In Ye Olden Days." The State Capitol, Albany, 1909. 
 
 The Old Madison Cottage, from the Crim- Liberty at Night. 
 
 mins Collection. 
 
 Distribu- After the Celebration, the Commission presented 35 sets of 
 tion of j^j^g stereopticon views to the Board of Education of the City 
 
 of New York and sent one set to each of the following named 
 
 institutions: 
 
 Albany Albany Institute of Arts and Sciences. 
 
 Albany State Board of Education. 
 
 Auburn Cayuga County Historical Societjr. 
 
 Aurora Wells College. 
 
 Buffalo Buffalo Historical Society. 
 
 Clinton Hamilton College. 
 
 Elmira Elmira College. 
 
 Geneva Hobart College. 
 
 Hamilton Colgate University. 
 
 Ithaca Cornell University. 
 
 Niagara Falls Niagara University. 
 
 Poughkeepsie Vassar College. 
 
 Schenectady Union University. 
 
 Syracuse Syracuse University. 
 
 Troy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. 
 
 Rochester Rochester University. 
 
 New York City Adelphi College, Brooklyn. 
 
 New York City American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. 
 
 New York City American Museum of Natural History. 
 
 New York City Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. 
 
 New York City Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. 
 
 New York City Children's Playground Association. 
 
 New York City City History Club. 
 
 New York City College of the City of New York. 
 
 New York City Columbia University. 
 
Public Lectures 719 
 
 New York City Fordham University. 
 
 New York City Manhattan College. 
 
 New York City New York Botanical Garden. 
 
 New York City New York Historical Society. 
 
 New York City New York University. 
 
 New York City New York Zoological Garden. 
 
 New York City Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. 
 
 New York City St. Francis Xavier College. 
 
CHAPTER XXXIV 
 
 BROOKLYN BOROUGH CELEBRATION 
 
 THE Brooklyn program for the Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 was in the hands of a Citizens' Committee consisting of 
 500 representative citizens who organized with the fol- 
 lowing officers: Col. Willis L. Ogden, Chairman; Col. William 
 Hester, Vice-Chairman; and Mr. John B. Creighton, Secretary. 
 Permanent offices were established at No. 180 Montague 
 street, which also became the headquarters of the School 
 Festivals Committee for the entire city, 
 naval The opening event for Brooklyn was on September 25 
 
 Parade when the Naval Parade, headed by the Half Moon and Cler- 
 mont, occurred off Bay Ridge. The shore road was beauti- 
 fully decorated and the weather was ideal. The crowds were 
 very large and over 1,000 boats were in line. (For further 
 particulars, see chapter on Inaugural Naval Parade.) In the 
 evening an electrical illumination of the Shore Drive occurred. 
 Band concerts were furnished at four points and seats for 
 15,000 people were provided by the Park Department. 
 Religious ^^ Sunday, September 26, religious services were held in 
 Services all the churches under the direction of a special committee. 
 Concerts ^" Monday evening, September 27, two notable concerts 
 were given in Brooklyn, one at the 13th Regiment Armory 
 where 8,000 people were present and listened to an 
 elaborate program by the United German Singing Societies, 
 and the other at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, where a 
 concert with special soloists was given by the Apollo Club. 
 These concerts are more fully described in the chapter on 
 Music Festivals. 
 Literary On Tuesday evening, September 28, official literary exercises 
 Exercises were held in the Brooklyn Academy of Music. These are fully 
 reported in the following chapter. 
 
Brooklyn Borough Celebration 721 
 
 On Thursday evening, September 30, an official reception Recep- 
 and ball were held in the Brooklyn Academy of Music. This g^" ^" 
 was the only official ball of the Celebration. Over the seats on 
 the sloping floor of the great auditorium a level dancing floor 
 was laid, thus making the stage and ball room nearly on the 
 same level. The academy was elaborately and beautifully 
 decorated for the occasion. Upon the stage, a crown of smilax 
 and roses draped from a canopy of yellow satin accentuated 
 the place where the receiving line stood. 
 
 The academy was thrown open to the guests at 9 o'clock, and 
 a few minutes later it was necessary for the police to establish 
 lines outside, so great was the gathering of spectators to see 
 the arrival of the distinguished guests. Shortly after the 
 opening the receiving line formed. It was headed by Gov. 
 and Mrs. Charles E. Hughes. In the line also were Col. and 
 Mrs. Willis L. Odgen and Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Lee Pratt. 
 Gen. and Mrs. Stewart L. Woodford arrived later. It was 
 originally planned to have Vice-President and Mrs. James S. 
 Sherman in the party to receive, but Mrs. Sherman's illness 
 prevented their attendance. 
 
 After the hosts had taken their positions, the guests, to the 
 number of about 1,500, formed in line on the dancing floor and 
 slowly approached and passed the receiving party, each guest 
 being presented and paying his or her respects to the receiving 
 couples. About 10.30, the dancing began. 
 
 The scene, during the reception and the succeeding ball, was 
 a brilliant one. The naval and official guest party made up 
 about 400 persons. The principal powers of Europe, including 
 England, Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands, were 
 among those best represented, while Cuba, Brazil, Costa Rica, 
 Panama, Argentine, Nicaragua and others were represented by 
 one or more delegates each. Many were in their uniforms of 
 state, which, with the beautiful gowns of the women of the 
 46 
 
722 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Recep- borough, gave a brilliancy to the event seldom equalled in New 
 
 ^"-"^ York City. 
 
 Among the special guests of the occasion were the members 
 of the Netherlands Commission, with their wives and daughters; 
 Sir Edward Seymour, G. C. B., Admiral of the English navy; 
 Gross-admiral von Koester, of the German fleet; Contre 
 Admiral Le Pord and his staff, from the French battleship 
 Justice; Conte Michael Angelo Leonardi di Casalino of Italy; 
 Capt. C. P. van Hecking Colenbrander of the Utrecht; His 
 Imperial Highness, Prince Kuni, of Japan; Princess Kuni; 
 His Excellency, Youssouf Zia Pasha of Turkey; Col. Aziz Bey 
 and A. Rustem Bey, also of Turkey; Commander Julio Morales 
 Coello of Cuba; Brig.-Gen. Gerardo Machado of Cuba; Capt. 
 Manuel Izaguirre of Mexico; Senor C. C. Arosemena, Minister 
 from Panama; Alberto Frias, Charge d'Aff"aires, Uruguay; 
 Marques de Azevedo, Minister from Brazil; Senor Dr. Don 
 Louis Toledo Herrarte, Minister from Guatemala; Hon. Allen 
 O. Clephane, Honduras; Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Medina, Joaquin 
 Pasos, Frederico Kejia, Special Delegate and Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary of San Salvador; Dr. Loudon, Minister from the 
 Netherlands, and Mrs. Loudon; Senor Don Ramon Valdez, of 
 Panama, and others. 
 
 The officers from the United States battleships were all 
 accompanied by their wives. 
 
 Supper was served at 11.30 o'clock, after which the ball 
 continued until after 2 a. m. 
 
 Histor- On Friday, October i, occurred the Brooklyn Historical 
 
 Carnival P^r^de which is described in a following chapter. 
 
 Parades The Brooklyn Celebration came to an end on October 9 
 when the Carnival Parade was repeated on the Eastern Parkway. 
 This celebration was a great success as all the floats which had 
 been shown in Manhattan came to Brooklyn and fully 
 5,000 persons were marching or in costume on the floats. 
 The organization of this parade was substantially the same as 
 
Brooklyn Borough Celebration 723 
 
 that of the Carnival Parade in Manhattan, except that the 
 Grand Marshal and staff were as follows: 
 
 Grand Marshal, John G. Eddy. 
 
 Chief of Staff, Major Walter F. Barnes. 
 
 Aides, Majors Robert G. Moran, John B. Christoffel, Almet R. 
 Latson, Alfred E. Steers, John William Tumbridge, Elliot Bigelow, 
 Jr., and Clarence W. Smith, Lieutenant Walter J. Carlin , Lieuten- 
 ant Francis J. McCann, Captain Albert H. Stoddard, Captain of 
 Pageantry, Mr. David T. Wells and Mr. John B. Creighton. 
 
 The parade started at 8.15 p. m. The line of march was from 
 the Plaza of Prospect Park on the Eastern Parkway to Ralph 
 avenue and return to point of starting. The Reviewing Stand 
 was on the south side of Eastern Parkway, between Franklin 
 and Bedford avenues. The description given in the chapter 
 on the Carnival Parade in Manhattan applies in all general 
 particulars to the parade in Brooklyn. 
 
 The Committee on Illuminations dealt generously with the niumi- 
 Borough of Brooklyn. Among the most striking electrical "^''"'^s 
 displays were those seen on the bridges, on the Brooklyn Insti- 
 tute building, the Soldiers and Sailors' Arch and along the line 
 of march on the Eastern Parkway in the vicinity of the grand 
 stands. 
 
 The competitive medals won by essayists in the academies Essays 
 and high schools, the celebrations by the children, and the 
 public lectures in Brooklyn, are referred to in the chapters on 
 General Commemorative Exercises, Children's Festivals and 
 Public Lectures. 
 
Execu- 
 tive Coi 
 mittee 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV 
 
 OFFICIAL LITERARY EXERCISES IN BROOKLYN 
 
 THE Borough of Brooklyn had the honor of holding the 
 official literary exercises of the Celebration in the 
 Brooklyn Academy of Music on Tuesday evening, Sep- 
 tember 28, 1909. 
 
 The Brooklyn Executive Committee was composed of Col. 
 •Willis L. Ogden, Chairman; Col. William Hester, Vice-Chair- 
 man; Mr. John B. Creighton, Secretary; Mr. Abraham Abra- 
 ham, Hon. Theodore M. Banta, Capt. Wm. J. Baxter, U. S. N., 
 Mr. James D. Bell, Mr. Russell Benedict, Mr. Tunis G. Bergen, 
 Hon. William Berri, Hon. David A. Boody, Hon. Alfred J. 
 Boulton, Mr. Nehemiah Boynton, Com. Herbert L. Bridgman, 
 Mr. George V. Brower, Mr. Frederick B. Dalzell, Hon. John 
 Diemer, Hon. Robert F. Downing, Mr. John G. Eddy, Mr. 
 Gilbert Elliott, Mr. Adam Fehmel, Com. Robert P. Forshew, 
 Mr. Henry Fuehrer, Mr. Walter Gibb, Mr. Wallace P. Groom, 
 Hon. Edward M. Grout, Mr. Herbert F. Gunnison, Mr. Abner 
 S. Haight, Hon. John D. Gunther, Mr. Walter Hammitt, Mr. 
 Frank J. Helmle, Mr. James P. Holland, Prof. Franklin W. 
 Hooper, Hon. Francis P. Kenney, Gen. Horatio C. King, Mr. 
 Albert E. Kleinert, Mr. Nathaniel H. Levi, Mr. Robert J. 
 MacFarland, Hon. William McCarroU, Hon. St. Clair Mc- 
 Kelway, Mr. Andrew McLean, Mr. Nathan Newman, Mr. 
 Ludwig Nissen, Mr. Bayard L. Peck, Mr. Thomas P. Peters, 
 Mr. Frederic B. Pratt, Mr. James W. Redmond, Mr. Carl J. 
 Roehr, Mr. Clinton L. Rossiter, Mr. S. F. Rothschild, Hon. 
 Charles A. Schieren, Hon. Edward M. Shepard, Mr. Arthur S. 
 Somers, Mr. James A. Sperry, Mr. Seth Thayer Stewart, Hon. 
 Jacob J. Velten, Mr. T. S. Williams, Hon. Timothy L. Woodruff, 
 and Hon. Richard Young. 
 
 724 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 725 
 
 The Committee on Official Literary Exercises was composed Literary 
 of Mr. Russell Benedict, Chairman; Col. James D. Bell, Hon. ^"'^'"" 
 William Berri, Dr. St. Clair McKelway, Col. Willis L. Ogden 
 and Hon. Charles A. Schieren. 
 
 The order of speaking was as follows: 
 
 Introduction of the Hon. M. Linn Bruce as Chairman of the Meet- 
 ing, by Mr. Russell Benedict. 
 
 Oration, " Hudson and Fulton," by Dr. St. Clair McKelway, Vice- 
 Chancellor of the Board of Regents of the State of New York. 
 
 Poem, " Hudson's Last Voyage," by Rev. Henry Van Dyke, D. D. 
 
 Address, "The Hudson Valley in American History," by the 
 Rev. N. McGee Waters, D. D., Pastor of the Tompkins Avenue 
 Congregational Church. 
 
 Address, " The Higher Meaning of the Hudson-Fulton Celebra- 
 tion," by Dr. Stephen S. Wise, Rabbi of the Free Synagogue of New 
 York. 
 
 Address, by the Rev. William T. McGuirl, Rector of St. Michael's 
 R. C. Church. 
 
 The 23d Regiment Band rendered music at intervals during 
 the exercises and accompanied the singing of America and the 
 Star Spangled Banner. 
 
 Following is a report of the addresses: 
 
 CHAIRMAN BENEDICT: "Ladies and Gentlemen: The duty Chair- 
 which devolves upon me as Chairman of this meeting this evening ™^° 
 is twofold. In the first place, I desire to voice the regret of the Gen- ggngjict 
 eral Committee that General Woodford, the President of the Com- 
 mission, is unable to be with us this evening. As you all know, 
 these are strenuous times, and especially for the President of the 
 Commission, and the condition of his health and the further duties 
 which will rest upon him during the ensuing days of the Celebration 
 have made it impossible for him to be here with us this evening. 
 
 "In his name, and in the name of the Commission, therefore, it 
 falls to my lot to bid you welcome this evening. I have the further 
 very pleasant duty of introducing to you as Chairman of this meeting, 
 a gentlemen who is well known to Brooklyn audiences, the former 
 Lieutenant-Governor of this State, Matthew Linn Bruce." 
 
726 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. 
 M. L. 
 Bruce 
 
 Doctor 
 
 St. Claf 
 McKel- 
 way 
 
 HON. MATTHEW LINN BRUCE: "Ladies and Gentlemen: I 
 deeply appreciate the distinction of presiding on this occasion, and 
 I realize that it is the duty of the presiding officer to preside. It 
 gives me very great honor to present the orator of the evening, Hon. 
 St. Clair McKelway, LL. D., L. H. D., D. C. L., Vice-Chancellor of 
 the Board of Regents of the State of New York." 
 
 DR. ST. CLAIR McKELWAY: "My Friends: There are dis- 
 coverers and discoverers. This is emphatically Brooklyn's night for 
 them. We celebrate Discoverer Hudson, who sighted and sounded 
 Wallabout Bay, a part of Brooklyn, and made his first landing on 
 Kings county soil. He discovered territory, a bay, a river and a 
 State, alive with life when he came, and replete with attractions for 
 the throngs his reports drew hither. His act was a factor surpassing 
 in Importance the act of any discoverer of any time. 
 
 "Not the attraction of the realm Hudson discovered was — or is — 
 however, his vindication. The spirit in which we work is the chief 
 matter. The spirit of Hudson was that of discovery. Hudson 
 wrongly regarded his discovery as unimportant, for there was no 
 Northwest passage in it. He did less than he hoped. Others fol- 
 lowed him who did more than he dreamed. Those who call Hudson 
 a failure ignore the function which science plays in the scheme of 
 history and Providence in the revelation of character and of courage. 
 It is easy to understand success. It is harder to appraise the intent 
 that does not materialize to success. But Hudson's endeavor was 
 not misjudged by the Maker of men and the Master of worlds, who 
 always foreknew the effect of Hudson's act, as in part we know it 
 now, and who now foreknows the effect of later achievements of which 
 now we know not at all. 
 
 "The discovery of our river and harbor by Hudson carries the 
 mind forward to Fulton, who made both invaluable to mankind. 
 More than accident is attributable to their historic relation. It is 
 part and proof of the affinities of history. The mind attributes it to 
 science. The heart ascribes it to God. 
 
 "A conviction cost Hudson his life, but the diversion that led him 
 here assured to him an unending and augmenting fame. He called 
 nothing he uncovered here by his own name. But others gave to 
 our river his name, and, from the way station which he here found, 
 the genius of Fulton projected a power of which the impulse girdles 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 727 
 
 all the world. And to-day, on a lower parallel of our continent our Doctor 
 nation is connecting the waters which Hudson thought Nature had^'-^**" 
 already joined, the continent is being pierced at a narrow point and ^ 
 spades and dredges are now opening a way for more than caravels 
 between the seas waiting to rush together. 
 
 "With Hudson as a discoverer we now have to do. With earlier 
 discoveries, or with later, we have not. History, literature, art and 
 religion have not neglected them. I could hope it has been given to 
 Columbus, to Hudson and to Fulton to compare their work in the 
 white light of eternity and in the splendor of unclouded knowledge. 
 The immortal race cannot forget its immortal men. Infinitely larger 
 was what Hudson started here than what he sought to establish 
 elsewhere. And on the waterway Hudson opened, Fulton made all 
 seas and rivers a plain. 
 
 "The time was indeed admirable for Hudson's advent. Not only 
 had Columbus stirred the adventurous cupidity of the Mediterranean 
 world, which Cortez and Pizarro and De Soto stimulated, but Smith 
 and Raleigh and Drake had aroused the ambition of the British 
 nation and made gentlemen soldiers of fortune, holding out to soldiers 
 of fortune the hope of becoming gentlemen. Even to scapegraces was 
 extended the chance, or the vision, in a new land, of forgetting yester- 
 day and of not fearing to-morrow. And to France in Canada was 
 extended the same attraction. Her soldiers of industry, her naviga- 
 tors of audacity, and a few of her sincere followers of the Cross felt 
 a like impulse to new lands. Thither in time the more seasoned sons 
 of Great Britain followed and supplanted them. Both Americas 
 were athrill with the gestation of broader, larger, freer possibilities. 
 The motives ranged from lust of gold to lust of land and from desire 
 of empire to a nobler ambition to supplant supposed idolatry with 
 declared salvation by faith. 
 
 "Nor was Holland lacking in motives nearly even with piety and 
 commercialism. Her people had thrown off a dominion they opposed. 
 They had largely espoused the faith of the Reformation, but with little 
 of the persecution in them which they would not tolerate from others. 
 They had given harbor and home to the Puritans and Pilgrims from 
 England, v/ho did not come thither till Hudson had shown to Holland 
 the way to a continent large enough and remote enough for the safety 
 of all who regarded themselves as the victims of persecution for 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 cKel 
 way 
 
 Doctor opinion's sake. That Hudson took much account of Spanish forays 
 
 fl' S^^" ^° f^^ south or of French forays to the north or of English cavalier 
 
 and convict colony planting on the Virginia line is unlikely. 
 
 "But that ail those movements beneath the surface of events coin- 
 cided with his unpremeditated excursion within the harbor and up 
 the river, was part of the drama of history which is rehearsed by nations 
 unaware of the roles they assume in the hidden and stately purposes 
 of Deity. 
 
 "The events and conditions which made Hudson opportune are 
 now as evident to us as they were unsuspected by him. When his 
 caravel plowed our waters it created self-multiplying circles that 
 girdled all seas for all time. And to the great and almost exclusive 
 credit of the Hollanders is the fact that no persecution for opinion's 
 sake has marked the State Hudson found and Holland established. 
 Other Commonwealths have committed the short-lived folly of relig- 
 ious or political persecution. New York is not chargeable with it, 
 and the fact is the brightest gem in the diadem of New York in this 
 resplendent time. 
 
 "In certain regards, Hudson and Fulton are cosuggestive. The 
 keyword which spells for them a kindred distinction is Navigation. 
 Hudson was intent on extending commerce by the primitive means 
 of his day, on little known seas around a less known world, by unknown 
 routes. A single transit of a sea-girt globe would have vindicated 
 Hudson. A single passage by steam to the headwaters of the river 
 which Hudson unsealed vindicated and stimulated Fulton. Civiliza- 
 tion has made the river and bay Hudson penetrated what they have 
 become. It has made the secret Fulton discerned the master of all the 
 seas Hudson in vain assailed. 
 
 "Patriotism has saved States which valor and justice founded. 
 Liberty has been won for nations by great thinkers and warriors. 
 But supremacy has come by intercourse, and it by navigation. To 
 Hudson, as an intrepid navigator, and to Fulton as the initial force 
 to make navigation independent of nature, civilization owes the pace 
 it maintains. In navigation is the surety of the federation of the 
 world. In arbitration, through commerce, sits the parliament of man. 
 
 "The two men who are our theme builded wiser than they knew. 
 The singleness of the hope of each is suggestive. The spread of it 
 through peoples is immeasurable. It is akin to the way in which 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 729 
 
 Nature — which is the model as well as the mother of us all — does Doctor 
 her work. The spring becomes the rivulet. The rivulet becomes '■ ^^ 
 the river. The rivers become the sea. The seas become the ocean. ^ 
 We cannot say these men discerned this analogy, but it incloses them. 
 
 "The orders of the Dutch East India Company held Hudson as 
 within an envelope. The resolve to win where others had failed 
 possessed Fulton. But the act of each was a challenge and a hope 
 to those to whom it was a revelation and a spur. Each tapped and 
 opened springs, theretofore secret, to the enterprise, emulation and 
 vision of men. Hudson could not have known more than his apparent 
 failure. Fulton sought to hold exclusively an adaptation of forces 
 which were bound to become the property of mankind. The business 
 measurement of Fulton was that of a litigious monopolist. The 
 measure of him as a scientific factor and force was transcendently 
 large. 
 
 "What is known of Fulton is suggestive. Our absolute ignorance 
 of the origin and upcome of Hudson is pathetic. There is no church 
 or court or commercial registry of his birth or education. Fulton was 
 the son of a Scotch-Irish Presbyterian, who saw the light in Dublin, 
 and who as an immigrant settled as a boy in Pennsylvania, where he 
 married Mary Smith, to whom a Quaker lineage and faith are attrib- 
 uted. From birth to death Fulton is an open book. All that is 
 known of Hudson begins with his employment as a master navigator 
 when he appeared on the deck as captain. He must have made a 
 fine record to warrant his responsible employment, but any suggestion 
 of it anywhere is wanting. 
 
 "Fiction has issued novels and drama plays to adjust presumptions 
 of what he was to what he did, but the hand of history is placed to 
 her mouth as if to silence any knowledge she may have concerning 
 who he was or when or whence he came. He might have dropped 
 from the skies to the deck as Minerva, full orbed from the brain of 
 Jove, did we not know that the Dutch would have been satisfied with 
 no such credentials. The Dutch employed and registered him as 
 an English sailor, fitted for vital and ordered work. The rest is 
 silence. The silence was never broken by Hudson or by any who 
 may have known him long and well. The reasons are the con- 
 jecture of fancy and the despair of history. 
 
 "Happily, much is on record of Fulton. Coming 200 years later 
 
730 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 McKel- 
 way 
 
 Doctor than Hudson, those who bore him were the esteemed friends of 
 St. Clair Benjamin Franklin and of Benjamin West. Fulton's father died 
 early in the life of his son. That father's friendship with Franklin 
 and West was a better legacy to the son than money or domain. 
 The son's use of that great legacy coincided in him with genius for 
 science and with appreciation of art. They were the right hand and 
 the left hand of his achieving career. And the nation was made 
 the greater by him whom these great men started on his course 
 Especially fortunate was Fulton the boy to win the friendship of 
 Franklin, before Fulton the man met West abroad. The boy made 
 science his life work and art his early aid on the path of science. He 
 enjoyed the friendship of Franklin face to face, before he won that of 
 West by correspondence. He practiced with no mean success the art 
 of West, and painted portraits for a livelihood, while he was experi- 
 menting with the forces of Nature for a career which eventually 
 changed the front which the world and dynamics turned toward one 
 another. 
 
 "Fulton was a money maker as well as a history maker. The 
 portraits he painted brought to him the means whereby he lived while 
 pursuing his experiments in the field of force and of its conservation 
 to the uses of man. He had no patron. He was no dependent. He 
 did not study art for art's sake. He studied it for temporal support 
 during the years he was experimenting in dynamics for the world's 
 sake. And he made money both in art and dynamics. 
 
 "That Franklin knew and encouraged this and that West after- 
 ward knew and applauded it, prove the foresighted largeness of both. 
 The appeal Fulton carried to the vision of these great friends of his 
 is as marked a tribute to him as to them. When the greatest scientist 
 of a century condescends from his plane to art and the greatest artist 
 of a century condescends from his plane to science, and both do so 
 from friendship, for the character and genius of a young man, a great 
 honor is paid to that young man. Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin 
 West both paid that great honor to Robert Fulton. Nor were they 
 uninfluenced by his early proofs of humanity as well as power. 
 
 "Born in 1765, a lad of eleven when the States declared their 
 independence, a lad of eighteen when the States achieved it, Fulton 
 three years after, when twenty-one, settled his widowed mother and 
 her family on a farm he bought and paid for out of his own earnings 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 731 
 
 and savings. At any time that had been an extraordinary act. It Doctor 
 was as typical of affection as it was of capacity. It justified Frank- 
 lin's advice to him to go to West, and West's affectionate invitation ^ 
 to come to him and make the old man's house the young man's home 
 Under better auspices Fulton could not have gone abroad. That he 
 proved worthy of them makes his subsequent career no surprise to 
 those with eyes truly able rightly to see. 
 
 "The publicity of Fulton's career Is in pathetic contrast with the 
 impenetrable obscurity of Hudson's birth and death. The veil has 
 never been lifted from Hudson. Not the most indefatigable student 
 has delved to his origin, though the most persistent and acute inves- 
 tigation of records has been made. The annals of the business 
 organizations of his time were crude. They told the bare facts which 
 a log could generalize at sea and a bald tabular statement import. 
 The mystery of anonymity did not then invite to high presumptions 
 of personality, even when that was joined with stupendous achieve- 
 ments; not, at least, in Holland. Hudson was born without a record. 
 The great record he made was little realized by him and not at all 
 by his employers. Manifestly the sea early held him for her son, 
 just as the sea eventually called him to her embrace. It little matters 
 where the resurrection may find him. Beneath the eye and in the 
 grasp of God he rests. Under him are the Everlasting Arms of the 
 Universal Father, who holds all the faithful in the hollow of His hand. 
 
 "We have no warrant to suppose that Fulton especially studied 
 the broken career of Hudson. Columbus, the Cabots, Vespucci, 
 Cortes, Pizarro, De Soto, Balboa, and other showier personages dis- 
 placed the British foundling from the thought of youth in Fulton's 
 time, as in our own. And three centuries have been required here 
 to arouse our own State to ceremonial honor of its discoverer. It 
 would be ungracious to inquire to what degree the centennial of 
 Fulton has stimulated interest in the ter-centennial of Hudson. Let 
 us be content that the two have now come to honor here, together. 
 Let us be glad they that have, and not too curious to discuss their 
 comparative appeal to consideration. 
 
 "The State Hudson discovered for Holland, Great Britain soon 
 acquired by conquest. Great Britain had long held it when Fulton 
 was born and did not evacuate it till Fulton was on the threshold of 
 manhood. And the State had been a member of this Republic for 
 
732 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Doctor twenty-four years after the evacuation, before Fulton demonstrated 
 St. Clair j^j^ supreme discovery, or invention, in the harbor and river which, 
 two centuries before, Hudson opened to the world. Nor should it be 
 
 way 
 
 forgotten that Franklin and Benjamin West advised Fulton to adven- 
 ture on Europe, and not at first on his own country, for the success of 
 his designs in the organization and the conservation of power. That 
 was not strange. Franklin had come to high scientific, and West to 
 high artistic recognition abroad. They had enhanced in Europe the 
 genius for the full realization of which conditions were still too 
 primitive and too crude at home. They saw the norm of greatness 
 in Fulton. He perceived the fruition of it in them. 
 
 "They also recognized in him, however, a patriotic and paramount 
 Americanism which would capitalize his genius and knowledge for 
 his own country — ■ or they thought they did — and advised that he 
 should do so. That he did so, and how he did so, should not escape 
 notice. Fulton swiftly acquired French on his arrival abroad. He as 
 swiftly studied chemistry so as to learn what it had to teach of the 
 forces of nature, which he would train and harness for the uses of 
 man. With the same object he learned the higher mathematics by 
 which to express in figures the philosophy and terms of the force he 
 would control for development. And, all the while, his brush earned 
 for him his bread till he was ready to submit his propositions to the 
 government of France or Great Britain, — in France, government 
 personified, to Napoleon Bonaparte; in Great Britain, to William 
 Pitt. 
 
 "To Napoleon Fulton first addressed himself. France had been 
 the ally of America against Great Britain in the Revolutionary War. 
 France was the country Franklin and Jefferson preferred. They 
 had mainly effected the alliance. They had been signally honored 
 by the government, the universities, the aristocracy and the people 
 of France. The United States were personified to France in Franklin 
 and Jefferson, and to France as then personified Fulton appealed 
 when he recurred to Napoleon Bonaparte. Fulton exhibited a new 
 plan of war to this pre-eminent genius of war. He had designed a 
 submarine vessel which could set off explosives under an enemy's 
 unsuspecting ship or fleet and destroy it ere it was aware. Napoleon 
 saw the feasibility and the improvability of this. He offered to buy 
 it on condition that France should have the idea and the model, to 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 733 
 
 the exclusion of all other nations. Fulton rejected the condition and Doctor 
 insisted that his own country should also be free to use the device. jj[.jj^gj. 
 To that Napoleon objected and on that Fulton and Napoleon parted, ^^y 
 
 "Escaping the liability of seizure by a man so powerful and arbi- 
 trary as Napoleon, Fulton furtively went to Antwerp and thence to 
 England and to Pitt, her uncrowned master of war and of peace. 
 The latter also stipulated that England should have the exclusive 
 control of the torpedo device, but Fulton stood out unconditionally 
 for the United States, and Pitt and Fulton parted as Fulton and 
 Napoleon had. 
 
 "If, for patriotic reasons, Fulton preferred the United States, when 
 talking with Napoleon, the latter soon saw other reasons for strengthen- 
 ing this Republic against England on this continent. Napoleon 
 parted with the Louisiana Territory to this nation not long after Fulton 
 met him. By that act the Gulf became our southern boundary, the 
 Pacific our western boundary, and the Mississippi and the Missouri 
 the ribbons that held them together. There are those who believe 
 that Fulton's persistent passion for his country was not without 
 influence in making Napoleon subsequently willing and even anxious 
 to sell the holdings of France on this continent to the nation which 
 had wrested herself from the clutch of England here. If Fulton was 
 a typical American, America may well have suggested itself to Napo- 
 leon as the typical country to be strengthened here as against Great 
 Britain on this hemisphere. Not without significance was Napoleon's 
 remark at St. Helena: 'In the sale of Louisiana to the United States 
 I put up against Great Britain a buff'er which in part compensated for 
 the expulsion of France from Canada.' And the Livingston who was 
 Jefferson's agent in the Louisiana purchase was Fulton's partner in 
 the business of promoting navigation by steam. Nor should it be 
 forgotten the whirligig of time brought in its revenges against the 
 Pitts. The elder Pitt, Lord Chatham, ousted France from Canada, 
 with Wolfe as his agent in Quebec, and with Washington as the 
 savior of Braddock's remnant on the Pennsylvania line. The later 
 Pitt deplored the annihilation of the British force at New Orleans, on 
 the threshold of the Louisiana Purchase, by Andrew Jackson, when 
 that force undertook the invasion of our Republic on the line of the 
 Gulf at the mouth of the Mississippi. And Fulton could not have 
 recalled these tableaus of history without a recollection of his own 
 
734 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Doctor interviews with the great men to whom he maintained his invincible 
 
 St. Clair preference for his own Repubhc. 
 
 McKel- ^ ..„, , f ... • r L • 
 
 ^ Ihere was subsequently an illustration ot the irony in events. 
 
 The United States, Jefferson himself our foremost figure, declined the 
 invention on the ground of the structural weakness of the model and 
 actually refused to Fulton the facilities and the time to cure its 
 mechanical defects. He came unto his own and his own received him 
 not. He had preferred his country to all other nations. His country 
 preferred not to contract with him on a matter France and England 
 had been ready to do if he would leave his country out of account. 
 
 "In this a Providence was hidden. Fulton was shocked out of 
 his device for war mechanism under water. He was saved for the 
 uses of commerce and of peace on the surface of all waters. It is 
 but just to say that Fulton in later life contended his explosive sub- 
 marine devices were in the interest and for the insurance of eventful 
 universal peace! That is not irony, though it seems and sounds so. 
 His argument was that if navies could be made instantly destructible, 
 they would cease to be built and nations would make wars no more. 
 In this was an idealism for which the youthfulness and imagination 
 of Fulton can be pardoned. 
 
 "When Fulton went to Europe, wars abounded, or only an armed 
 truce marked time for renewed war. The nations that did not make 
 war thought war. How to get into it or how to keep out of it was the 
 passion and problem of governments. The mind of Fulton was 
 turned toward war. His first inventions were affected by a relation 
 to war. His great climacteric work was, however, affected by a sole 
 relation to peace. Small wonder if he eventually persuaded himself 
 that peace was his object or hope when the idea of war torpedoes 
 peopled his teeming brain. Yet in a sense which he may not at first 
 have discerned he was not so much in error as might be supposed. 
 A state of war is a state of nature. A state of peace is a state of 
 grace. The state of grace in churches comes by prayer and preaching. 
 In business it comes by contracts and agreements. Between nations 
 it comes by treaties and arbitrations. Sometimes they end wars, 
 and happily now more often avert them. George Washington said, 
 'In time of peace prepare for war.' His persuasion was that the 
 way to prevent war was to be ready for it. 
 
 "Others, indeed, have also thought that a readiness for war is 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 735 
 
 well-nigh an insurance of peace. The seeming paradox is only Doctor 
 verbal. The strongest nations are now fostering the most effective '•^^''^ 
 engines of destruction. They now have, and multiply, submarines, ^ 
 monitors and dreadnaughts. They are even coquetting with inventors 
 for aeroplanes that could drop missiles of death on anchored navies, 
 or moving merchantmen, or sleeping capitals, unless the instinct of 
 humanity or of interest shall outlaw such a barbarous possibility. 
 But the same nations have also evolved arbitration to prevent war, 
 whenever they have created a readiness for it. In these days no 
 great nation avows and every great nation, indeed, denies the very 
 idea of aggression. 
 
 "It protests the defensive purpose of its armament on sea or land. 
 In our own nation the Big Stick attests the readiness to 'Tread Softly' 
 with the assurance that soft treading, with the readiness for the other 
 kind, will command peace by the prescription of arbitration that will 
 prevent war. Happily the heads of great States are men of peace. 
 Fulton may have been a century before his time. He thought on 
 and forward. Really, whether he divined it or not, his idea of making 
 war by explosives so terrible as to be incredible was but a signboard 
 on the mental road he was traveling to the goal of navigation by 
 steam. This thinking on and ahead brought Columbus to our shores, 
 and Hudson to our harbor and river as truly as it brought our Fulton 
 to prove on Hudson's waters, two hundred years after, the feasibility 
 of navigation by caloric power. 
 
 "The end is not yet. End of development of power in any field 
 of thought is never reached. To-day, however, in New York is the 
 day for Hudson and Fulton. To those who followed them due honor, 
 but to them pre-eminent honor. The others are trailers-after them. 
 The trailers are honored enough in being trailers-after the pioneers. 
 On the pioneers the earth and the ages repose. History uplights 
 them to immortality. Nations uncover to their names and salute 
 their shades. Their anniversaries should be a time to add to the 
 honors of the present the p edge of the homage of all the future. 
 They steered the course of destiny by the stars of duty. They stirred 
 the race to illimitable possibilities, which by them alone, uncon- 
 sciously, were unsealed. 
 
 "What boots it that between Columbus and Hudson 117 years 
 elapsed, or between Hudson and Fulton 200 years ? A continent 
 
736 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Docter sleeps lill reason — and a man — to waken it arrive. Then it is 
 St. Clair ^gj^y („ exchange slumber for potentiality. A thousand years in 
 the contemplation of Deity are declared to be as but one day. A 
 very brief while in history were the centuries between Columbus and 
 Hudson. Not a long while were the centuries between Hudson and 
 Fulton. The intervals seem long to the world now which, in a sense, 
 begins a new life every morning. But the intervals were not long 
 from the viewpoint of discovery. 
 
 "The readiness was all. Our domain was ready for Hudson when 
 he came and was made ready for those he drew here. Freed America 
 was ready for the genius of Fulton when he gave himself to us where 
 Hudson had prepared the way for those who here followed him. It 
 matters not that savagery was made to give place to civilization. 
 That is the order. The soil, the waters, the air itself revert to the 
 races that take and hold them for use, and that bring energy, develop- 
 ment, art, learning and organized power in their train. If justice, 
 liberty and toleration are likewise evolved, the dominance of the 
 strong coincides with the leadership of the best. To both the earth 
 belongs and by both the world is held and transformed. 
 
 "From Hudson's visit until to-day, New York has belonged to the 
 strong, and has made even the weak strong whom its strength drew 
 hither. The strong were lured by New York's possession from Nature 
 of the great advantages and attractions of the zone significantly named 
 the temperate. Our diversified appeal to strength and our unequaled 
 address to energy and to ambition explain the rest. New York can 
 discount, while New York regrets, the ante-revolutionary rivalry 
 between the Dutch and the English, and even the Revolutionary 
 contests between the Patriots and the Loyalists. The Empire State 
 has assimilated many once hostile elements. It has surrendered to 
 younger and lesser States hosts who have gone from us to venture on 
 opportunity in remoter Commonwealths. It has made the hetero- 
 geneous homogeneous, and it is making into Americans those who 
 come to it from all races and climes. New York is the clearing house 
 for the continent and the distributing depot for the world. 
 
 "All the great governments are at this time celebrating Hudson's 
 discovery of the Hudson and of our harbor. They are not celebra- 
 ting Hudson's four endeavors to find the Northwest passage. Those 
 endeavors were heroic, but they were unsuccessful. The discovery 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 737 
 
 of the river and harbor was an 'aside.' The navigator, on his third Doctor 
 voyage, found further progress by the Nova Zembla route impossible, f^- ^^'^ 
 To mollify an insubordinate crev7, the motley scourings of several ^ 
 unknitted nations, and not twenty men in all, the commander sailed 
 by what we now know as Portland, Cape Cod, the Virginia capes and 
 Chesapeake Bay unto South Carolina. Then the course was retraced, 
 but embarkation and an inland voyage were not made till our harbor 
 and river were reached. Why our river was explored, when the 
 Delaware, a little way up which the Half Moon went, was not, is 
 not explained. Those who say it was because Philadelphia knew it 
 could wait are more cynical than correct. New Jersey was waiting, 
 then as now, for the overflow from New York and Pennsylvania, 
 but the urn of the future had not been opened at that time. Our 
 harbor and river were waiting for Hudson, but he knew not the future 
 of the fact. 
 
 "Nor did Hudson know that an Italian, a Portugese, a Spaniard 
 and a Frenchman had idled in a harbor which may have been our 
 own. That it was cannot be declared. That it possibly was can 
 fairly be inferred. The idlers made no record that is trustworthy. 
 They left statements that are wholly indeterminate. They indicated 
 the location of whatever harbor they reached, with no tracing of its 
 inland course, as Hudson did. Nor can it be said that their bald 
 statements were known to Hudson or to Hudson's employers. What 
 they did was productive of nothing to the world. What Hudson 
 inspired others to do is the cause of this Celebration of him as the 
 inspirer of those others. 
 
 "Nor should Cabot's discoveries be held to displace Hudson's. 
 The latter is entitled to what he did. Great Britain is chargeable 
 with claiming far more than he did. Hudson was England's citizen, 
 but he was Holland's employee. Cabot was Italy's citizen and 
 England's employee. Holland limited her claims only to what 
 Hudson did under her contract with him. And Holland promptly 
 sent here settlers and traders who here found enough to do. Hol- 
 land's claim was morally respected, even by England, when New 
 York was made English by the rude imperative of conquest. The 
 instinct of the centuries has not erred. This Celebration on its 
 Hudson side is Hollandic just as on its Fulton side it stands for our 
 city. Others were subsequent participants. The representatives of 
 47 
 
738 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 ;Kel- 
 
 way 
 
 Doctor all nations honor Hudson and Holland and honor themselves in 
 St. Clair jgjj^g g^ j^ the same way is Fulton honored as a New Yorker. 
 He took out his papers as a voter and citizen of New York when he 
 came to build the Clermont. Here he lived and labored and died. 
 Here he is buried. None can deprive Holland of her estate in Hudson 
 or New York of her estate in Fulton. Hudson drew here those who 
 gave civilization to our State. Fulton here gave to the world the 
 key to all navigable waters. Providence gave to New York the service 
 of each. New York gives back to the world the evidence of her 
 gratitude to both. 
 
 "The Dutch East India Company were less than a name had not 
 Hudson lifted it to lasting light. Hudson had been only an intrepid 
 failure and a deserted martyr, but for his discovery of our river and 
 harbor and the place of that in the economy of Providence, in which 
 is neither accident nor surprise. Fulton had been little regarded by 
 history, had not projectiles flashed a way for him to the evolution 
 of motion on all waters by steam. To neither can we bring honor. 
 To us both bring responsibility. They unlocked for us duties and 
 opportunities. 
 
 "As we meet or miss or mar them we shall be lighted up to greater 
 greatness or down to condign reproach. The ends of the world have 
 come here to join with us in signalizing the majestic consequences 
 following the single and simple act of each of the men we acclaim. 
 It will be for us and for our posterity to determine the permanency 
 of the civilization we have inherited and modified from the estate 
 these discoverers brought within our hands. If we meet the test, 
 well. If not, we may find, with all our complacency and confidence, 
 that we shall be remanded to the extinction or the obscurity that other 
 races have vainly challenged, when they have crossed or defied the 
 spiritual purposes and progress that undergird and overarch the 
 world of truth and of love that was before and will survive all smaller 
 worlds of lesser worth and of lesser weight. 
 
 "For my own part I have faith and no fear. Our State and nation 
 will preserve the form the founders impressed and broaden the 
 faith the fathers felt. Freedom and Union will safeguard us from 
 the tyranny of power and from the stagnation of anarchy. Liberty 
 will shield us from license. Equal to our day our strength will be, 
 and equal to that our duty. The empire Hudson disclosed will be 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 739 
 
 tolerant to all opinion and oppressive or partial to none. The fellow- 
 ship of all seas and between all lands Fulton made possible will be 
 vindicated in the centuries to come as in the past. I hail this as the 
 augury, the prophecy and the certainty of this epoch in the history 
 of the State, of the Republic and of the world." 
 
 THE CHAIRMAN: "America's greatest poet graces this occasion 
 with his presence, and brings to it a poem, 'The Last Voyage of 
 Hudson.' I present Dr. Henry van Dyke." 
 
 REV. HENRY van DYKE, D.D.: I did not expect to read this Rev. Dr. 
 poem anyway, as it is not my property, but belongs already to one of ^^""^^ 
 
 the magazines. But when the invitation came to come back to my 
 own home city, Brooklyn, I could not resist it. And so I have 
 come to you at this time, when it is in its form for a Brooklyn audi- 
 ence only, and not for print. 
 
 "It is the personality of Hudson that interests me, the man who 
 came from we know not where and we do not care, who made in swift 
 succession those four voyages of incredible hardship and who then 
 vanished into the Arctic night after having discovered the site of what 
 is destined to be the greatest city in the world. 
 
 "Fulton's grave has been honored in this Celebration; but who 
 has laid a wreath upon the grave of Hudson ? On his fourth voyage 
 the men of his ship, and especially the men in his ship whom he had 
 befriended and helped, mutinied against him and in spite of all his 
 efforts to win them back, treacherously bound him and thrust him 
 in June, 1611, somewhere in the icy waters of Hudson's Bay. 
 
 "These traitors thrust their Captain with his young son, the sick 
 men on the ship and the mate John King, into a little shallop, a rowboat 
 with a sail, and cast them adrift. One man besides those whom I 
 have mentioned went in that company, that was Philip Staffe, the 
 ship's carpenter, who was not bound nor compelled to go, but who 
 chose to' go in that little shallop rather than stay with the traitors in 
 the ship. And I have tried to think what would be the thoughts 
 of a man like Hudson as he saw his ship sailing away from him, thrust 
 there in that little boat with his handful of companions. 
 
740 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev. Dr. 
 
 jjg^ry HENRY HUDSON'S LAST VOYAGE. 
 
 Van Dyke q^^ ^^jj ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^y ^^^^ 
 
 And only one, God knows! For never ship 
 
 But mine broke through the icy gates that guard 
 
 These waters greater grown than any since 
 
 We left the shore of England. We were first, 
 
 My men, to battle in between the bergs 
 
 And floes to these wide waves. This gulf is mine; 
 
 I name it! and that flying sail is mine! 
 
 And there, hull-down below that flying sail. 
 
 The ship that staggers home is mine, mine, mine! 
 
 My ship Discoverie! 
 
 The sullen dogs 
 Of mutineers, the bitches' whelps that snatched 
 Their food and bit the hand that nurtured them. 
 Have stolen her! You ingrate Henry Greene, 
 I picked you from the gutter of Houndsditch. 
 I paid your debts, and kept you in my house, 
 And brought you here to raake a man of you. 
 You, Robert Juet, ancient, crafty man, 
 Toothless and tremulous, how many times 
 Have I employed you as a mate of mine 
 To give you bread ! And you, Abacuck Prickett, 
 You sailor-clerk, you salted Puritan, 
 You knew the plot and silently agreed. 
 Salving your conscience with a pious lie. 
 Yes, all of you, — hounds, rebels, thieves! Bring back 
 My ship! 
 
 Too late — I rave — they cannot hear 
 My voice: and if they heard, a drunken laugh 
 Would be their answer. For their minds have caught 
 The fatal firmness of the fool's resolve. 
 That looks like courage but is only fear. 
 They'll blunder on, and lose my ship, and drown, — 
 Or blunder home to England and be hanged. 
 Their skeletons will rattle in the chains 
 Of some tall gibbet on the Channel chffs, 
 While passing sailors point to them and say, 
 'Those are the rotten bones of Hudson's men, 
 Who left their Captain in the frozen North!' 
 
 O God of Justice, why hast Thou ordained 
 Plans of the wise and actions of the brave 
 Dependent on the aid of fools and cowards? 
 
 Look! There she goes! Her topsails in the sun 
 Gleam from the ragged ocean edge, and drop 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 741 
 
 Cleaa out of sight! So let the traitors go 
 Clean out of mind! We'll think of braver things! 
 Come closer in the boat, my friends. John King, 
 You take the tiller, keep her head nor'west. 
 You, Philip Staffe, the only one who chose 
 Freely to share with us the shallop's fate, 
 Rather than travel in the heU-bound ship, 
 Too good an English sailor to desert 
 These crippled comrades, try to make them rest 
 More easy on the thwarts. .\nd John, my son, 
 My little shipmate, come and lean your head 
 Upon your father's knee. Do you recall 
 That April day in Ethelburga's church. 
 Five years ago, when side by side we kneeled 
 To take the sacrament, with all our company. 
 Before the Hopewell left St. Catherine's docks 
 On our first voyage .' Then it was I vowed 
 My sailor-soul and yours to search the sea 
 Until we found the water-path that leads 
 From Europe into Asia. 
 
 I beUeve 
 That God has poured the ocean round His world, 
 Not to divide, but to unite the lands; 
 And all the English seamen who have dared 
 In little ships to plow uncharted waves — 
 Davis and Drake, Hawkins and Frobishcr, 
 Raleigh and Gilbert, all the other names — 
 Are written in the chivalry of God 
 As men who served His purpose. I would claim 
 A place among that knighthood of the sea; 
 And I have earned it, though my quest should faill 
 For mark me weU. The honor of our life 
 Derives from this: to have a certain aim 
 Before us always, which our will must seek 
 Amid the peril of uncertain ways. 
 Then, though we miss the goal, our search is crowned 
 With courage, and along the path we find 
 A rich reward of unexpected things. 
 Press towards the aim: take fortune as it fares! 
 I know not why, but something in my heart 
 Has always whispered, 'Westward seek your aim.* 
 Four times they sent me east, but still my prow 
 Turned west again, and felt among the floes 
 Of ruttling ice along the Groneland coast; 
 And down the rugged shores of Newfoundland, 
 And past the rocky capes and sandy bays 
 Where Gosnold sailed, like one who feels his way 
 With outstretched hand across a darkened room 
 
 Rev. Dr. 
 Henry 
 Van Dyke 
 
742 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev. Dr. I groped among the inlets and the isles, 
 
 Henry To find the passage to the Isles of Spice. 
 
 Van Dyke I have not found it yet — but I have found 
 
 Things worth the finding! 
 
 Son, have /ou forgot 
 Those mellow autumn days, two years ago, 
 When first we sent our little ship Half Moon, — 
 The flag of Holland floating at her peak,— 
 Across a sandy bar, and sounded in 
 Among the channels to a goodly bay 
 Where all the navies of the world could ride? 
 A fertile island that the redmen called 
 Manhattan crowned the bay; and all the land 
 Around was bountiful and friendly fair. 
 
 The seamen from the calling of the waves; 
 And so we bore to westward, past the isle, 
 Along a mighty inlet, where the tide 
 Was troubled by a downward-rolling flood 
 That seemed to come from far away — perhaps 
 From some mysterious gulf of Tartary ? 
 We followed that wide water-way, by Palisades 
 Of naked rock where giants might have held 
 Their fortress; and by rolling hills adorned 
 With forests rich in timber for great ships; 
 Through narrows where the mountains shut us in 
 With frowning cliffs that seemed to bar the stream; 
 And then through open reaches where the banks 
 Sloped to the water gently, with their fields 
 Of corn and lentils smiling in the sun. 
 Ten days we voyaged through the placid land, 
 Until we came to shoals; and sent a boat 
 Upstream, to find — what I already knew — 
 We sailed upon a river, not a strait! 
 
 But what a river! God has never poured 
 
 A stream more royal through a land more rich. 
 
 E'en now I see it flowing in my dream, 
 
 While coming ages people it with men 
 
 Of manhood equal to the river's pride. 
 
 I see the wigwams of the redraen changed 
 
 To ample houses, and the tiny plots 
 
 Of maize and green tobacco broadened out 
 
 To prosp'rous farms, that spread o'er hill and dale 
 
 The many-colored mantle of their crops. 
 
 I see the terraced vineyards on the slopes 
 
 Where now the wild grape loops the tangled wood; 
 
 And cattle feeding where the red deer roam; 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 743 
 
 And wild bees gathered into busy hives Rev. Dr. 
 
 To store the silver comb with golden sweet; Henry 
 
 And all the promised land begins to flow Van Dyke 
 
 With milk and honey. Stately manors rise 
 
 Along the banks, and castles top the hills, 
 
 And villages grow populous with trade, 
 
 'Til proudly runs the river as the Rhine, — 
 
 The thread that links a hundred towns and towers 
 
 All this I see, and when it comes to pass 
 
 I prophesy a city on the isle 
 
 They call Manhattan, equal in her state 
 
 To all the older capitals of earth,— 
 
 The gateway city of a golden world; 
 
 A city girt with masts, and crowned with spires, 
 
 And swarming with a busy host of men, 
 
 While to her open door, across the bay. 
 
 The ships of all the nations flock like doves! 
 
 My name will be remembered there, for men 
 
 Will say, "This river and this bay were found 
 
 By Henry Hudson, on his way to seek 
 
 The Northwest Passage into farthest Inde.' 
 
 Yes, yes, I sought it then, I seek it still. 
 My great adventure, pole-star of my heart! 
 For look ye, friends, our voyage is not done; 
 Somewhere beyond these floating fields of ice. 
 Somewhere along this westward widening bay. 
 Somewhere beneath this luminous northern tiightf 
 The channel opens to the Orient, — 
 I know it; and some day a little ship 
 Will enter there and battle safely through! 
 And why not ours — to-morrow — who can tell ? 
 We hold by hope as long as life endures: 
 These are the longest days of all the year. 
 The world is round, and God is everywhere. 
 And while our shallop floats we still can steer. 
 So point her up, John King, nor'west by north! 
 We'll keep the honor of a certain aim 
 Amid the peril of uncertain ways. 
 And sail ahead, and leave the rest to God. 
 
 THE CHAIRMAN: "I now have great pleasure in introducing 
 to you the Rev. N. McGee Waters, pastor of the Tompkins Avenue 
 Congregational Church, who will deliver an address upon the subject, 
 'The Hudson Valley in American History.'" 
 
 REV. N. McGEE WATERS, D.D.: "Under the spell of the J.^mcG^ 
 noble orator and the inspired singer, at least one of whom is a Dutch- Waters 
 
744 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev. Dr. man, and both of whom are ornaments of American letters, I have 
 N. McGee jj^gj^ thrilled with the thought that at last the Dutchman was coming 
 to his own and Virginia and New England have held the entire stage. 
 Until John Fiske came, the country, outside of the Hudson Valley, 
 hardly ever heard the Dutch mentioned except to be laughed at. 
 Washington Irving's caricature has made the Dutchman in American 
 life a myth and an amusement. In these days the Dutchman is 
 coming to his own and it is high time the world knows that American 
 history is not complete with the story of the New York Dutchman 
 left out. 
 
 "I am puzzled to know why there has been so long unsounded 
 this lost chord in American history. I suppose several things con- 
 tributed to this neglect. One reason may lie in that quiet modesty 
 of the Dutch folk, in which the Yankee does not share at all. A 
 larger reason doubtless lies in the fact that politically New York early 
 ceased to be a Dutch colony, and became officially English. The 
 English race was written the books. The English race has told the 
 story. If John Bull ever suflFered his light to be hidden under a 
 bushel, I cannot just now recall the occasion. 
 
 "I believe there is a greater reason for this neglect. For the first 
 two centuries anyhow, New England was a homogeneous people. 
 Her writers and speakers have been native bred. When the first 
 eighteen settlers began on Manhattan Island, you heard both Dutch 
 and French spoken in the same family. The first Governor spoke 
 at least four languages. From that time until now there never has 
 been a time when Manhattan Island was not like another Babel. 
 It has always been cosmopolitan. If it began as a Dutch city, it 
 has ended as an English city, and a German city, and as a Scandina- 
 vian city, and an Italian city and a Jewish city. These varied popu- 
 lations coming into a city have lacked civic consciousness and family 
 pride. The new king knew not Joseph. And that is why I believe 
 New York has fared so meagerly in the thought of the American 
 people. Her own people have been ignorant of her lineage and have 
 failed to appreciate her great history. 
 
 "If one talks about the primacy of New York, his hearers say. 
 'Yes, hers is the commercial supremacy.' But the facts will not 
 let us stop there. Her primacy covers the world of ideals also, 
 Just one or two specifications I will bring: She has no college quite 
 
Ofificial Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 745 
 
 as old as Harvard, but when we remember her Httle colleges which Rev. Dr. 
 are famous, like Hamilton and Union; and her Columbia which ' /^ ®* 
 goes back to earliest times and which has no superior as a post-gradu- 
 ate school in the world; and when we remember that it is the influence 
 of New York that has shaped Yale and differentiated her from 
 Harvard; and that in reality New York is the founder and sponser 
 for Princeton; when we remember that Cornell is the pioneer in the 
 world of a newer and freer education, and that her splendid size is 
 the least great thing about her; and when we remember the free 
 schools and the comprehensive scheme of the Regent system, we 
 ought to know that in the history of education, New York will take 
 no second place among all the cities of the world. 
 
 "Since our school days we have heard the story of the Boston 
 massacre, when Crispus Attucks fell, and we have read the story 
 of the Boston Tea Party. But the world has never known the fact 
 that in the same quarrel, that a whole year earlier, the people of New 
 York, in resisting the landing of the tea, organized their Indians, 
 which they called 'Mohawks' and thus set Boston the example. 
 And that the first blood that was shed in the war was not shed in 
 the Boston Massacre or at Lexington, but in the battle of Golden 
 Hill near the corner of John and William streets when the British 
 soldiers were put to flight by the New York citizens. 
 
 "Let us give honor to Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, 
 but let us not forget what lay between Lexington and Bunker Hill. 
 In the month of May the Americans captured Fort Ticonderoga, 
 which was the first successful battle of the Revolution. Remember 
 that Boston was freed of the British by the army of Washington, in 
 the first year of the war, and from that time throughout the Charles 
 River flowed unchecked to the sea. But remember that after the 
 battle of Long Island, which occurred in the same year, the British 
 took possession of New York City and the lower valley of the Hudson 
 and New Jersey, which they made the base of all their operations, 
 and which was a captive community for eight long years. No other 
 community ever suffered one-half so much as New York, and although 
 we do not know it, there is no other place on the continent, Boston 
 not excepted, where there are so many historic revolutionary shrines 
 as in and about New York. 
 
 "It was here that Washington fought his first battle. It was here 
 
746 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev. Dr. that the Declaration of Independence was first read to the army. 
 H. McGee j^ ^^j j,g,.g ^]^^^ Nathan Hale lost his life, regretting that he had 
 * ^"^^ only one life to give to his country. It was here that Arnold enacted 
 his foul treason and Andre met his tragic fate. It was here that the 
 turning point of the war came, when, on the plain of Saratoga, Daniel 
 Morgan and his fearful riflemen won the battle in which Gates com- 
 manded and took an entire army captive, not any more as the result 
 of the brave fighting of that day than the fighting of the Indians of 
 the Five Nations and hardy settlers of New York, who, in all the long 
 march from Ticonderoga to Bemis Heights, had surrounded Bur- 
 goyne's army with a deadly rifle fire. It was here Tories were arro- 
 gant. It was here patriots were imprisoned. It was here prosperity 
 was destroyed. It was here, when peace was declared, that Wash- 
 ington disbanded his army, and it was here again, when the Con- 
 stitution came, that Washington became the first President. 
 
 "There is not time left to tell you about the days of '60, but when 
 Mr. Lincoln in his call for troops asked New York to give 13,000 
 for three months, her response in twenty-four hours was 30,000 for 
 two years, and in three months, 40,000 for three years, and a year 
 later 120,000, or one man out of every six able-bodied men in the 
 community. 
 
 "There is not time to tell the story of how, when Mr. Lincoln was 
 perplexed more for the sinews of war than for the soldiers for battle, 
 the bankers and the moneyed men of New York, without regard 
 to politics, forgetting their differences in one great movement, met 
 together and poured the treasures of this bank of the continent into 
 the treasury of the United States. 
 
 "New York has never made as much of her religious history as the 
 facts warrant. Whatever Boston may have been by way of churches 
 and preachers and theologians in the early part of the last century, 
 from the time that slavery became a dominant question in our Ameri- 
 can life, the glory of the American pulpit found its seat at the junction 
 of the North and East rivers. From the coming of Thompson and 
 Beecher and Storrs and Robert Collier, the New York pulpit has 
 been the dominant voice of American religious life. 
 
 " In the region of letters, the story of New York has never been 
 known even to her own people. Only a few months ago I heard a 
 metropolitan minister speak to another metropolitan minister about 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 747 
 
 the literary life of New York. The man addressed shrugged his Rev. Dr. 
 shoulders and said: 'Literary life in New York.? Where is it?' I ^ J^" 
 have not a doubt that there are people even in this city who imagine 
 that the literary center of this country is, and has been, on the Charles 
 River. The publishers can tell you better. The first American book 
 was written by a Virginian, John Smith, one year after its settlement. 
 The next one, maybe, was written by a New England Governor; it 
 was not very long after this time that books were written about New 
 York, but as they were published in Dutch, the world has forgotten 
 they belonged to American literature. But if we pass over the jour- 
 nals and sermons and come to the real beginning of American litera- 
 ture, we find that its father was born in New York in 1783, lived his 
 life in New York and died in his beautiful home on the Hudson in 
 1859, where his grave is a shrine to this day in Sleepy Hollow Ceme- 
 tery. He was the creator of Rip Van Winkle and Diedrich Knicker- 
 bocker. Soon after he was born in New York, which was about 
 the time the Revolution was ended, the nurse of this boy saw the man 
 for whom he was named entering a shop on Broadway. This Scotch 
 nurse trotted in after the General and said, ' Please, your Excellency, 
 here's a bairne that's named after you.' 'General Washington,' said 
 the man in telling this story in after years, 'turned his benevolent 
 face full upon me, smiled, laid his hand upon my head, and gave me 
 his blessing. I was but five years old, but I can feel his hand upon 
 my head now.' 
 
 "It reminds one of Robert Burns' blessing as he put his hand upon 
 the lad Walter Scott, saying, 'You will be a greater man than your 
 grandfather.' In both scenes alike it was an ordination in literature. 
 For it must be set down as a fact that this young Washington Irving 
 who began to write in 1807, and James Fenimore Cooper, another 
 New York man, who was six years his junior, who published his 
 first book in 1820, laid the foundation of American letters. 
 
 "The sneer of an Englishman of that time was true. 'Who reads 
 an American book?' The founders of colonies and the gainers of 
 independence had been too busy in subduing the forests and the wild 
 men and European masters to write books. They were living books. 
 Besides up to the time of the Revolution, the Colonies, because they 
 were colonies, had been content to take their literature as they took 
 their speech, from the Mother Land, which was so rich. The few 
 
748 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev. Dr. people who had tried to reach out met only with neglect abroad and 
 R. McGee scorn at home. The critics of that time were very careful to make it 
 clear, if they did approve of any American writing, that they did not 
 intend it to be understood as ranking with any English writer, and 
 that they had decided to their satisfaction that there never would be 
 any great American book. 
 
 "Then it was that young Irving and young Cooper began to write 
 books, which have gained a permanent place, not only in American 
 letters, but in the world's literature. Washington Irving forever will 
 be ranked among the masters of style and the books will be studied 
 as they are now by our children as a college preparation in English. 
 
 "Cooper fared worse in his day and afterwards because he had 
 misfortunes in disposition which made him for thirty years an Ishma- 
 elite in his native country, whose hand was against every man and the 
 hand of every man was against him. Besides that, he had certain 
 faults unpardonable of style. Yet in spite of that fact the world has 
 come around to believe, with Dumas and great European critics, that 
 he is worthy to be ranked with Walter Scott and with him must be 
 forever compared. And as the writer about the sea and the forest, 
 he has no equal among men. 
 
 "I have not time to call the roll of New York's literary men who 
 have brought glory to American letters. We will never forget the 
 names of editors like Ripley and Greeley and Bryant and Bigelow. 
 We will not forget the names of those sweet singers called Fitzgreen 
 Halleck and Nathaniel P. Willis and the greater singer Walt Whitman. 
 We will not forget William Cullen Bryant, who alone has written an 
 ode worthy to be compared with Shelley's masterpiece. We will 
 never forget Edgar Allan Poe who, though born in Boston, was dis- 
 owned by her, and though cradled in Virginia, was scorned by her, 
 and who at last won a hard refuge in our own city where he gave the 
 world the flower of his splendid genius in 'The Raven' which writes 
 his name among the immortals in poesy, and in his short stories, 
 unmatched perhaps by any, unless it be by Stephenson and Balzac, 
 to the present hour. 
 
 "I shall not speak of the men of our own time like Stedman, Van 
 Dyke and Smith and Howells and Gilder and Mabie, and a hundred 
 more. I will say that American literature had its birth in New York. 
 It has its readers in New York. It has found its home and center of 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 749 
 
 influence in New York from the beginning of the nation, with the Rev. Dr. 
 
 N. McGe 
 Waters 
 
 r r 11 N. McGee 
 
 exception of some forty years, unto the present hour. 
 
 "I have a man in my church, a noble-hearted gentleman of the 
 old school, a soldier and a first citizen, who is employing the leisure 
 of his old age in making pious pilgrimages to the patriotic shrines in 
 our vicinity. He has written an itinerary following which a man may 
 start at Gravesend, where the British landed before the battle of Long 
 Island, and pass around and through Long Island and then through 
 Manhattan and Westchester County up the Hudson. A man by 
 street cars in eighteen hours can stand at some two score places which 
 are the exact spots where were enacted the greatest events in the story 
 of the American Revolution. I wish that itinerary might be made to 
 blaze with light and color until every child might follow it, a pillar of 
 fire by night and of cloud by day. I would like to have that itinerary 
 in every text-book in our schools and the story of its hundred heroisms 
 made into one matchless Iliad, that you and the next generations may 
 know something more about this land where your fathers died." 
 
 THE CHAIRMAN: "Dr. Stephen S. Wise, Rabbi of the Free 
 Synagogue of New York, will now entertain us with an address, 
 entitled 'The Higher Meaning of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration.'" 
 
 DR. STEPHEN S. WISE: "This Celebration has a meaning Rev. Dr. 
 intimate to New York; a meaning that will be lost unless we here Stephen 
 highly resolve to make of our Greater New York Greatest New York — ' '^ 
 the noblest, fairest, Godliest city of all the ages. 
 
 "Henry Hudson discovered a new continent; Robert Fulton dis- 
 covered a new world — more than discovered — he helped the world 
 to a rebirth and a renewing. Your problem and mine, and that 
 which Hudson and Fulton and the American fathers fought for and 
 wrought, is not only that America may be the greatest market place 
 of the world, that America should be synonymous with commercial- 
 ism, with exploitation, with mere territorial aggrandizement, but that 
 America should be the symbol of a genuine peace-loving, right- 
 doing Democracy. 
 
 "America may be the biggest and largest and vastest nation in the 
 world, but you and I will not rest satisfied until, in addition to all that. 
 It be the greatest nation in the world — it be truly great, supremely 
 great, great in the things worth while, in the things unseen; great in 
 
750 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev. Dr. the things that make greatness. I would not be true to-night to 
 Stephen hj^tory, to the history of the people from whom I am sprung; I would 
 not be true to the great teachers of the Hebrew Bible of my fathers, 
 if I did not say to-night that after all it is not altogether the happiest 
 augury of the ages that the last word that has been said in shipbuild- 
 ing in the hundred years since Robert Fulton, as the result of his work, 
 is what the Dreadnaught and the Inflexible and the battleships of that 
 type of the various nations signify. 
 
 "I was delighted to read the other day the names of the three 
 French ships in our harbor, Liberty, Truth and Justice, the three 
 battleships of the French nation, but I wish we Americans would 
 realize that the proper method is to follow England in the naming of 
 her battleships, the Inflexible, the Dreadnaught. Let us call the 
 American battleships Afraid of Nothing, Eat them Alive, for that is 
 what a battleship means. 
 
 "Let me remind you men and women to-night, I consider it our 
 sacred duty, if we want war to prepare for war; if we want peace, 
 to prepare for peace. I am told that our battleships are the premium 
 which we are paying for peace, an insurance policy of peace, but the 
 premium is bigger than the insurance. The outcome of American 
 democracy, the highest expression of American genius, should be 
 America leading in the next decade the great international movement 
 that shall make for peace through justice and for justice through 
 peace. 
 
 "This Celebration should mean — should it not.? — that ours is 
 to be a nobler, greater city in every way. There is one thing that 
 New Yorkers must learn, there is another thing that New Yorkers 
 must find. A thing that New Yorkers must get rid of is the foolish 
 self-sufBciency which is characteristic of the average Gothamite; and 
 a thing that we need to learn and acquire is intellectuality, open- 
 handedness, intellectual inspiration. 
 
 "Gentlemen, in the far West and in the Middle West, men are 
 thinking of the serious things, of earnest things. They have no time 
 to question, to debate the question whether Salome is to be produced 
 first at the Manhattan or the Metropolitan Opera House; they have 
 no time to discuss the rims of next winter's hats; but the men there 
 are thinking about the tremendous problems which concern them- 
 selves, which are your problems and mine. 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 751 
 
 "We ought to be setting aside and ignoring the httle things which Rev. Dr. 
 control us and remember the great possibihty within our own home ^"^^^.^^ 
 city. It is not an easy thing to do. I know what the penalties are 
 that attend that attitude toward municipal life even in our free New 
 York municipality; I know how men must needs sometimes suffer 
 if they dare to think more of New York's interests, of New York's 
 welfare, of New York's higher life than of the interests of a political 
 party; but New York will not be the great city that it may become 
 until, for example, the terrible evils of congestion shall at least in 
 part be remedied, until all New York shall become, as this borough is, 
 a city of homes; and New York will not be true to its possibilities 
 until it provides wholesome, decent, sane amusement for its young 
 men and its young women. 
 
 "Two thousand years or more ago a Hebrew prophet said, 'Nineveh 
 became, through God, a great city. ' I have heard some New Yorkers 
 say something like that, 'By God, New York is a great city.' But 
 that is not what the prophet said. He said, 'Nineveh, through God, 
 became a great city.' I say. New York shall become great in the 
 things that count, in the things worth while, in the things supreme, 
 through God; and I say to you, speaking now in the words of the 
 old Greek poet: 
 
 '^ ^ Oh, land thus blest with praises that excel 
 
 It is now this task to prove these glories true." " 
 
 THE CHAIRMAN: "I have now great pleasure in introducing 
 to you the next speaker of this evening. Rev. William T. McGuirl, 
 Rector of St. Michael's Church." 
 
 REV. WILLIAM T. McGUIRL: "If Hudson discovered to-day Rev. WU- 
 the river that bears his name, he would require a complete outfit. '•*"* ^• 
 To obtain credence, he would need a kodak, a notary public, and a 
 Dutch stenographer. Esquimaux would be barred from the expedition. 
 
 "As every child knows, the blood that makes this Commonwealth is 
 very much mixed. If it signalizes any particular strain of that blood, 
 this is a Dutch celebration. Hence, the required nationality of the 
 stenographer is indicated; also her sex, so that no other discoverer 
 could use the short, ugly word. We, of other parent stock, are 
 willing captives, bound with silken cords, to the lumbering triumphal 
 car of Dutch manhood and enterprise. Under a Dutch flag Hudson 
 sailed up the lordly river that bears his name. 
 
752 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 McGuirl 
 
 Rev. Wil- "Fulton, born in the bosom of the Pennsylvania Dutch, steamed 
 liam T. j^j^ ^^y p^^^ jj^g majestic Palisades. Rembrandts and Van Dykes 
 adorn the walls of more than one New York house. Dutch cheeses 
 and schnapps keep from bankruptcy many a Manhattan digestion; 
 Brooklyn uses buttermilk. Astor, Vanderbilt and Stuyvesant are 
 names commoner than the latest popular song. Many of our streets 
 have Dutch names; and most of our localities boast of them. 
 
 "Tammany has a certain vogue because it sounds like a Dutch 
 curse word. The greatest living American abroad quickens his 
 Dutch blood shooting lions in Africa, and proves that he is not only 
 soldier, statesman, doer, thinker and writer on topics universal, but 
 that he is ' a mighty hunter before the Lord.' The greatest American 
 at home, prince of the swatfest, idol of every red-blooded denizen of 
 this land, is the Dutch Jan Wagner of Pittsburg. Jan Flannagan 
 designed the bronzes for this Celebration. He may be a Dutchman. 
 
 "The Dutch have ever been makers of history. They have looked 
 on the Giant's Causeway with Schomberg. They have trodden the 
 wilds of New Amsterdam. They have fought against fearful odds 
 for possession of the veldt. Kruger and Cronje are just as much the 
 storied heroes of a 'Lost Cause' as Lee and Jackson ever were. 
 
 "The Dutch are not a volatile people. The Half Moon is a good 
 measure for them. Four miles an hour is about their limit. Their 
 watchword is not 'Step Lively' but 'Do it now and keep at it.' Dr. 
 Cook did not take an airship to reach the North Pole. The Dutch 
 do not invent airships. The average Dutchman is much heavier 
 than air. Dr. Cook walked and reached the Pole. He may not be a 
 Dutchman, but he hails from Bushwick avenue, and he used to go 
 swimming in the Wallabout. 
 
 "We move so fast that, before we get to them, our celebrations 
 grow stale. When New York began to get ready for Hudson and 
 Fulton, Curtiss got in the way with his aerial triumphs and Cook 
 stuck the North Pole in the public mind. Yet the tortoise sometimes 
 wins. If the wooden shoes of the Dutch are not meant for speed, they 
 have sunk deep in the map of the world. We try to crowd into an 
 average life more than Methuselah ever did. Just as quickly we 
 forget. Too much is coming too fast to remember. Some of us sigh 
 for the olden time when it took four days to get anywhere. Then 
 life was not so strenous. What everyday man would not prefer 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 753 
 
 to court his best girl under the gentle beams of the Half Moon rather Rev.Wil. 
 than under the searchlight of an Albany night boat ? Hudson dis- '**™ ''"• 
 covered a noble river. Its placid waters, its wooded shores, its splendid 
 variety, all go to further love's young dream. The courtly Fulton 
 never meant that steam and searchlight would combine to mar the 
 blissful connubial leanings of man and maid. 
 
 "Hudson and Fulton had their daily trials. One came away 
 without a box of matches, the other had to watch his non-triple 
 expansion engine. Still, both must have been touched by the beau- 
 ties of air and water, earth and flower and leaf, about the river that is 
 the channel of their fame. Great would be the wonder on board if 
 to-day the original Half Moon and Clermont could come side by side 
 through the mouth of the Hudson. Nothing in the world is like 
 New York Bay. Amid gorgeous surroundings, natural and human. 
 Liberty with her torch lightens and beckons. She looks out upon 
 tongues old as the world and as varied as Babel's. Here she sees 
 the hopes, and the fulfilment of some of the hopes, of human freedom. 
 She looks upon men, white and yellow and black, living together 
 in peace. She looks upon hurrying millions in this gateway of a 
 mighty nation. Every man is king, and no man is king. She sees 
 the city of the storied skyline, glittering by day, gleaming by night. 
 It is Atlantis found again. 
 
 "Men are hurrying along the ground, men are hurrying a few feet 
 over the ground, men are hurrying a few feet under the ground. The 
 chase for wealth and power and subsistence is always on. The 
 multitude hurries to keep with the passing show. And where there 
 are heights there must be depths. There is the display of Murray 
 Hill, there is the struggle of the East Side. New York is the second 
 city of the world; in many ways it is the first. It is the home of 
 extremes close together. Hudson and Fulton never thought that 
 such a metropolis would lie along the river of their fame. Perhaps 
 they would not like to dream of such a city. 
 
 "The skyline of any other city in the world shows the spire domi- 
 nant. In Pekin, or in London, or in the 'Roof of the World,' spire 
 or dome stands out. It tells of affairs spiritual, it points above. It 
 speaks of other things than greed, or power, or money-making. 
 It is the finger of God, pointing to the spiritual, often unheeded, but 
 always present when men may chance to look. The skyline of New 
 48 
 
754 The Hudon-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev.Wil- York shows the spire in the background — a secondary thought. 
 
 Uam T. j^g^ York has temples that rule the landscape and sway the hearts 
 of men. But they are built to the God Insurance, and the God 
 Invention, and the God Stocks-and-Bonds, and the God Commerce. 
 Men fall down and adore them. Victims are immolated to them. 
 More insatiably than Baal or Moloch do they exact and grind. 
 "Into this New York, Paul well might come and preach the unknown 
 God. Hudson and Fulton could truly declare that mighty rivers are 
 not discovered, or inventions given to the Race, to bind its heart, and 
 thought, and aspirations to a cold, still, inexorable earth that every 
 man must leave. 
 
 "Hudson and Fulton gave something to humanity. The one tried 
 to reach China, the other set out to be a painter. The one never 
 reached the Flowery Kingdom, the other won no place by the side 
 of a Rubens. The one died outcast and forlorn in the turbulent 
 waters, the other died unwitting that in a hundred years an Empire 
 State would acclaim his name. In the day of Fulton, commerce 
 was not for gentlemen, and, at any time, Hudson would be called a 
 pirate. So runs fame. A man may be a CrcEsus, and be remembered 
 because he could not digest his dinner. Another man may be remem- 
 bered because he came near combining all the railroads — a near- 
 great man. Greatness is for the few; doing good is in the power of all. 
 This is platitude, but it is fact. 
 
 "Like Hudson and Fulton, we, too, can do something that will 
 help humanity. Out of this Celebration we can emphasize the truth 
 that commerce and railroads and steamboats, necessary as they are, 
 should be kept in their proper place. The physical skyline of New 
 York should not be the spiritual skyline of New York. There is 
 great danger of such a happening. 
 
 "New York is the pulse of the country. It is Paris to the provinces. 
 It is the Rome of the Caesars to the rest of the Roman world. If 
 men could put back into its proper place the spiritual skyline of New 
 York, the country would be safe, and no fears could arise about any 
 cancer of greed, or injustice, or materialism eating into the great heart 
 of America. This is in our power. This much we can learn from 
 the Dutch. They are patterns of domestic virtue. We men and 
 women here to-night are of varied environment and point of view. 
 We all love this land, and we have a common starting point for its 
 
Official Literary Exercises in Brooklyn 755 
 
 uplifting. It is the Decalogue. Some of the Decalogue has fallen Rev.Wil- 
 out of the New York skyline. Hacked, or broken, with pieces missing, ^^ . ' 
 it is useless in any structure of spiritual national life. If we stand for 
 the Decalogue, for all of it, from first to last, we shall do our share in 
 restoring the spiritual skyline of New York. There is no need to 
 pull down the skyscrapers, but we can dynamite many a wrong. 
 The Socialist rails against the injustice of wealth; if we live the Deca- 
 logue, our example will do much to alleviate the evils of which he 
 complains. And if we live the Decalogue we shall make impregnable 
 the home, which is the real fortress of American liberty. Whence 
 else can real men and women come ? Not from annual reading of 
 the Declaration of Independence; not from Hudson and Fulton 
 celebrations; not from the gospel of toil and hoard or toil and spend; 
 not from Utopian theories evolved by twisted minds. The Decalogue 
 alone can give a model home, with clean manhood and a clean woman- 
 hood. It is hard to live up to this law. It was given on a mountain 
 and not in a valley. Everything worth while is got with difficulty. 
 To keep a New York, to keep an Empire State, to keep an America, 
 to keep a real Liberty beckoning the suffering world, from the steppes, 
 and from the byways of a rotting civilization, to purge, strengthen, 
 and uplift this city, the gateway of a God-given nation, for it is a 
 God-given land, and that there may continue to be an America to raise 
 up future giants, and to strengthen the waning hopes of other peoples, 
 we must keep the Decalogue, you and I. We must keep it, we must 
 teach it, every tithe and tittle of it, and we must put it back into the 
 skyline of New York." 
 
O' 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI 
 
 BROOKLYN HISTORICAL PARADE 
 
 ,N Friday, October i, the Historical Pageant was repeated 
 in Brooklyn on the Eastern Parkway. The attendance 
 at this function was extremely large. On account of 
 the failure of the Lighterage Company to land the floats, only 
 twenty-four out of fifty-four appeared in the parade. In this 
 respect, the parade was a serious disappointment. It should 
 be said, however, that the Brooklyn Committee had no part in 
 the making of the contract for the lighterage of these floats, but 
 only undertook to man them and map out the route. 
 
 The reviewing stand was on the south side of Eastern Park- 
 way between Franklin and Bedford avenues. 
 
 Composi- The order of procession as arranged was as follows: 
 tion of 
 
 ^"''"'*^ Platoon of Mounted Police. 
 
 Platoon of Police. 
 
 Hon. Bird S. Coler, President of the Borough, Col. William Hester, Vice-Chairman of the 
 Brooklyn Committee, Mr. James A. Sperry, Chairman of the Historical Parade Committee, 
 Mr. John B. Creighton, Secretary of the Brooklyn Citizens Committee, in carriages. 
 
 Grand Marshal 
 
 John T. Eddy. 
 
 Chief of Staff 
 
 Major Walter F. Barnes. 
 
 Aides 
 
 Major Robert G. Moran. 
 
 Major John B. Chriitoffel. 
 
 Major Almet R. Latson. 
 
 Major Alfred E. Steers. 
 
 Major John William Tumbridge. 
 
 Major Elliott Bigelow, Jr. 
 
 Major Clarence W. Smith. 
 
 Lieutenant Walter J. Carlin. 
 
 Lieutenant Francis J. McCann. 
 
 Thirteenth Regiment Band. 
 
 756 
 
Brooklyn Historical Parade 757 
 
 Finl Division — Indian Period. Composi- 
 
 tion of 
 
 Col. John H. Foote, Commanding. 
 Float No. I, Title Car, "History of New York." 
 Five hundred Norwegians, Charles F. Ericsson, Marshal. 
 
 Float No. 2, Title Car, " Indian Period." 
 Escort: 50 Red Men. 
 
 Float No. 3, " Legend of Hiawatha." 
 Escort: 50 Red Men. 
 
 Twenty-third Regiment Band. 
 Float No. 4, " The Five Nations." 
 Escort: 50 Red Men. 
 
 Float No. 5, "The First Sachem." 
 Escort: 50 Red Men. 
 
 Float No. 6, "Season of Blossoms." 
 Escort: 50 Red Men and 50 Tammany Society. 
 
 Fourteenth Regiment Band. 
 Float No. 7, "Season of Fruits." 
 Escort: 50 Red Men and 50 Tammany Society. 
 
 Float No. 8, **Season of Hunting." 
 Escort: 50 Red Men and 50 Tammany Society. 
 
 Float No. 9, "Season of Snows." 
 Escort: 50 Red Men and 50 Tammany Society. 
 
 Float No. 10, "War Dance." 
 Escort: 50 Red Men and 50 Tammany Society. 
 
 Second Division — Dutch Period. 
 Col. Henry C. Barthman, Commanding. 
 
 E. C. Stevenson's Band. 
 Float No. II, Title Car, "Dutch Period." 
 Escort: 50 members of Dutch Societies. 
 
 Float No. 12, "Half Moon." 
 Characters: Union League Club. 
 Escort: 50 members of Dutch Societies. 
 
 John H. Abraham's Band. 
 Float No. 13, "Fate of Henry Hudson." 
 Characters: Brooklyn League. 
 Escoit: 50 members of Dutch Societies. 
 
 Float No. 14, "First Vessel Built on Manhattan Island.' 
 Characters: Brooklyn League. 
 Escort: 200 members of Italian Societies, J. G. Giamblavio, MarshaL 
 
 Float No. 15, "Purchase of Manhattan Island." 
 Characters: Brooklyn League. 
 Escort: zoo Italians. 
 
 Parade 
 
758 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Compod- Float No. i6, " Bronck's Treaty with Indians." 
 
 tion of Characters: Brooklyn League. 
 
 Parade Escort: 200 Italians. 
 
 B. F. Shackleton's Band. 
 Float No. 17, "Reception of Peter Stuyvesant." 
 Characters: Brooklyn League. 
 Escort: 100 Italians. 
 
 Float No. 18, "Bowling on Bowling Green." 
 Characters: Brooklyn League. 
 Escort: 100 Italians. 
 
 Float No. 19, "Huguenots Going to Church." 
 Escort: 100 Italians. 
 
 Float No. 20, "Dutch Doorway." 
 Characters: Brooklyn League. 
 Escort: 100 Italians. 
 
 Float No. 2t, "New Amsterdam becomes New York.' 
 Characters: Central Y. M. C. A. 
 Escort: 100 Italians. 
 
 St. John's Orphan Asylum Band. 
 
 Float No. 22, "St. Nicholas." 
 
 250 Children with Toys. 
 
 Third Division — Colonial Piriod. 
 
 Col. Frank H. Norton, Commanding. 
 
 Boys' Brigade Band. 
 
 Float No. 23, Title Car, "Colonial Period." 
 
 Escort: 500 Boys Brigade. 
 
 Float No. 24, "Schuyler and Indians at the Court of St. Ja 
 Characters: Bensonhurst Improvement League. 
 
 Knights of Columbus Band. 
 Float No. 25, "Trial of John Peter Zenger." 
 Escort: 500 Knights of Columbus. 
 
 William H. Metzger's Band. 
 Float No. 26, "The Stamp Act." 
 Characters: Ocean Hill Board of Trade. 
 Escort: 100 membels of Polish Societies. 
 
 Float No. 27, "Colonial Home." 
 Characters: Gravesend Board of Trade. 
 Escort: too members of PoHsh Societies. 
 
 Float No. 28, "Governor Dongan." 
 Characters: Brooklyn League. 
 Escort; too members of Polish Societies. 
 
 William H. Metzger's Band. 
 Float No. 29, "Manor Hall." 
 Escort: 100 members of Polish Societies. 
 
Brooklyn Historical Parade 
 
 759 
 
 Float No. 30, " Exploit of Marinus WiUett." 
 Characters: Brooklyn League. 
 Escort: 100 members of Polish Societies. 
 
 A. C. Edwards' Band. 
 Float No. 31, "Pulling Down Statue of George IQ." 
 Characters: Brooklyn League. 
 
 Float No. 32, "Publishing the Constitution." 
 Characters: Flatbush Taxpayers' Association. 
 
 Apon Posniak's Band. 
 Float No. 33, '"Storming of Stony Point." 
 Characters: 13th Regiment, N. G., S. N. Y. 
 Escort: 100 members of Danish Societies. 
 
 Louis Feth's Band. 
 Float No. 34, " Capture of Andre." 
 Characters: Descendants of Paulding and Van Wart. 
 
 Float No. 35, " Order of the Cincinnati." 
 Float No. 36, "Hamilton's Harangue." 
 Characters: Boys' High School. 
 Escort: 100 members of Bohemian Societies. 
 
 Float No. 37, "Colonial Punishments." 
 Escort: 100 members of Bohemian Societies. 
 
 Victor Banca's Band. 
 Float No. 38, "Washington Taking the Oath of Office." 
 Escort: 100 members of Danish Society, William Ralfl, Marshal. 
 Float No. 39, "Washington's Coach." 
 Characters: Danish Sodety. 
 Escort: 200 members of Danish Societies. 
 
 Float No. 40, "Nathan Hale." 
 Characters: 31st Ward Taxpayers' Association. 
 Escort: 100 Germans. 
 
 Float No. 41, "Washington's Farewell." 
 Characters: Henry Clay Club. 
 Escort: 100 Germans. 
 
 Float No. 42, "Legend of Rip Van Winkle." 
 Characters: 30th Ward Improvement League. 
 
 Float No. 43, "Legend of Sleepy Hollow." 
 Characters: Brooklyn League. 
 
 Fourth Dhiiion — Modern Period. 
 
 Col. James T. Ashley, Commanding. 
 
 Joseph Ludra's Band. 
 
 Float No. 44, Title Car, "Modem Period." 
 
 Composi 
 tion of 
 Parade 
 
760 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Composi- 
 
 Float No. 41;, Clermont. 
 tion of 
 
 Characters: Invincible Club. 
 
 Parade 
 
 Escort: Irish Societies. 
 
 300 Clan Na Gael of Brooklyn, Martin L. Biggane, Marshal. 
 Float No. 46, " Fulton Ferry." 
 Characters: Wallabout Market Merchants' Association. 
 Escort: 100 Germans. 
 
 Float No. 47, "Reception of Lafayette." 
 Escort: French Societies. 
 
 Float No. 48, "Erie Canal Boat." 
 Characters: West Brooklyn Board of Trade. 
 Escort: 200 members of Swedish Societies. 
 
 Louis Borjes' Band. 
 Float No. 49, "Old Fire Engine." 
 Characters: Brooklyn Volunteer Firemen's Association. 
 Escort: 200 members of Swedish Societies. 
 
 Float No. 5c, "Old Broadway Sleigh." 
 Characters; Danish Society. 
 Escort: 200 members of Swedish Societies. 
 
 Float No. 51, "Garibaldi." 
 Escort: Central and Smith Street Board of Trade. 
 
 Float No. 52, "Introduction of Croton Wat 
 Float No. 53, "Statue of Liberty." 
 Escort: 100 Colored Citizens' Societies. 
 
 Float No. 54, " Father Knickerbocker Receiving." 
 Platoon of Mounted Police. 
 
 Some of Some of the notable impersonations in the Historical Parade 
 
 *e Im- ^gj.g jj^Qgg Qf j}^g character of Hudson by Mr. Alfred H. Weston, 
 
 persona- ^ 
 
 tions Hudson's son by Mr. Israel Brinberg, Peter Minuit by Mr. 
 
 Nils E. Nelson, Jonas Bronck by Mr. Henry H. Hawn, Stuyve- 
 
 sant welcomed by citizens by Gen. Robert Avery, Stuyvesant 
 
 surrendering New Amsterdam by Mr. Jeremiah A. Frazer, 
 
 Gov. Leisler by Mr. W. H. Kouwenhoven, St. Nicholas by Mr. 
 
 Isaac S. Remsen, King of England receiving Schuyler and 
 
 Indians by Mr. Robert H. Haskell, Schuyler by Mr. Philip 
 
 Roth, John Peter Zenger by Mr. Henry Dresdner, Zenger 
 
 judges by Mr. Geo. F. Reynolds, Mr. V. W. Hendrickson and 
 
 Rev. F. T. Little, Andrew Hamilton in same scene by Mr. 
 
Brooklyn Historical Parade 761 
 
 H. W. Randall, Gov. Dongan by Mr. Arnold Fransloli, Mari- Some of 
 nus Willett by Mr. Louis Rice, Gouverneur Morris by Mr. persona- 
 Raymond Halsey, Hamilton in his harangue by Mr. John H. tions 
 Carlton, Washington taking the oath of office by Mr. Ferdinand 
 Hartman, judge in the same scene by Mr. Nathan S. Jones, 
 Washington bidding farewell to his officers by Mr. James 
 Meehan, Nathan Hale by Mr. W. K. van Meter, Rip van 
 Winkle by Mr. A. L. Stefter, Fulton on the Clermont by Mr. 
 James Cavanagh, Livingston in the same scene by Mr. John 
 Herries, Fulton on his ferryboat by Mr. Robert Stern, Living- 
 ston in the same scene by Mr. Norman E. Drake, Lafayette by 
 Mr. William J. Honan, and in the group around the Statue of 
 Liberty, Champlain by Mr. Jack Lewis, LaSalle by Mr. 
 Maurice Breithart, Rochambeau by Mr. J. H. Lilienthal and 
 Lafayette by Mr. Howard S. Gonsey. 
 
CHAPTER XXXVII 
 
 RICHMOND BOROUGH CELEBRATION 
 
 THE events in Richmond Borough were arranged by the 
 Richmond Borough Committee of the Commission of 
 which Mr. Eugene Lamb Richards, Jr., is Chairman, 
 and the Richmond Citizens' Committee, of which Mr. Rich- 
 ards was Chairman, Mr. Walter W. Price, Vice-Chairman, and 
 Mr. Cornelius G. KolfF, Secretary. In the evenings there were 
 y . displays of fireworks at three different centers on Staten 
 Features Island. On Pavilion Hill, at an elevation of 250 feet above 
 tide water and overlooking the warship anchorage at Tomp- 
 kinsville, there was a sign showing in huge letters of electric 
 light the word "Welcome." 
 
 The first event in Richmond Borough was the reception on 
 Saturday, September 25, of the Half Moon and Clermont, which 
 is described in the chapter on the Inaugural Naval Parade. 
 
 On Monday, the 27th, there were elaborate historical exer- 
 cises at Stony Brook. These are reported more fully in the 
 chapter on Richmond Borough Historical Exercises. In the 
 evening, the United German Singing Societies of Staten Island 
 gave at Happy Land Park a concert which is described in the 
 chapter on Music Festivals. 
 
 On Thursday evening, September 30, there were meetings 
 
 and literary exercises in three different wards in the Borough 
 
 of Richmond, at the German Club Rooms, Stapleton, and the 
 
 Opera House in West New Brighton. In the evening, at the 
 
 Municipal Ferry House at St. George, the Richmond Citizens' 
 
 Committee had their banquet which is reported in the chapter 
 
 on Richmond Borough Banquet. 
 
 Chil- On Friday afternoon, October i. Children's Festivals were 
 
 dren's held at various centers on the Island and consisted of speeches 
 
 and children's pageants, commemorative of the historical 
 
 762 
 
Richmond Borough Celebration 763 
 
 events of Staten Island. The arrangements were in charge of Chil- 
 dren's 
 Festivals 
 
 Mr. Ralph McKee, Chairman, and members of the Committee 
 
 on Children's Festivals, Mr. J. Blake Hillyer being in charge 
 of the Children's Exercises. The children's festivals and 
 parades on this date vrere as followrs: 
 
 The Great Kills children paraded to Stony Brook grounds and had 
 exercises there. The Dongan Hills, New Dorp and Richmond 
 children met at New Dorp and paraded to Stony Brook and had 
 exercises there. Those from Silver Lake, Stapleton, Tompkinsville, 
 St. Peter's Academy and New Brighton combined in a celebration at 
 Silver Lake. Exercises were held in Public Schools Nos. 14, 15, 16, 
 17 and St. Peter's Academy, and afterwards the children met at the 
 Lake for exercises. The West New Brighton children paraded to 
 New Brighton to the Actors' Home and held exercises there. The 
 Mariners' Harbor children paraded in Mariners' Harbor along Rich- 
 mond Terrace, Elm Park, and countermarched to Mariners' Harbor. 
 Exercises were held at Woodcrest Park. The Port Richmond parade 
 was from Port Richmond to Read Benedict's Field, where exercises 
 were held. The Concord parade was to Vanderbilt Field, corner 
 Serpentine and Clove Roads. The Rosebank parade was to the 
 Fox Hills grounds. Mount Loretto held a separate festival. The 
 festival at Tottenville was held on Saturday, October 2. 
 
 On Saturday, October 2, there vras an Historical Parade Histori- 
 which included the following 22 floats: Title Car, History of p 
 New York, Season of Flowers, Season of Fruits, Season of 
 Hunting, Season of Snows, War Dance, First Vessel Built in 
 Manhattan, Dutch Doorway, Santa Claus, Huguenots, Stamp 
 Act, Marinus Willett, Colonial Home, Ducking Stool, Washing- 
 ton Coach, Capture of Andre, Pulling down Statue of George 
 ni, Clermont, Manor Hall, Broadway Sleigh, Fire Engine, 
 and Sleepy Hollow Church. The arrangements for the parade 
 were in charge of Mr. Charles Hart, Chairman, and the mem- 
 bers of the Committee on Land Parades. About 5,000 persons 
 belonging to local national societies marched in the procession, 
 which started at Morning Star Road on the north shore and 
 advanced through various thoroughfares to the east shore. 
 
O' 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVIII 
 
 RICHMOND BOROUGH BANQUET 
 
 .N Thursday evening, September 30, the banquet under 
 the auspices of the Richmond Citizens' Committee was 
 held in the St. George Ferry Terminal Building. The 
 arrangements were in charge of a committee of which Mr. 
 ' John T. Burke was Chairman and Mr. George J. Benziger, 
 
 Vice-Chairman. There was a distinguished company present, 
 including officers of the American and foreign men-of-war. 
 Franko's band furnished the music. Mr. Eugene Lamb 
 Richards, Jr., Chairman of the Richmond Committee, presided. 
 Governor Governor Hughes arrived soon after the dinner began. 
 "^ ^^ Owing to the necessity of attending also the reception and ball 
 in Brooklyn, he was unable to remain for the pos-tprandial 
 exercises. He was introduced between courses, however, and 
 extended his cordial greetings. He spoke only a few minutes, 
 referring to the military parade which had taken place in Man- 
 hattan Borough that afternoon and commenting upon the 
 significance of armed representatives of so many nations 
 marching together in peace and harmony through the City's 
 streets. The Governor was heartily applauded both on his 
 arrival and his departure. 
 
 After dinner, the speaking proceeded as follows: 
 
 Mr. E. L. CHAIRMAN EUGENE LAMB RICHARDS, JR.: "Honored 
 Richards Guests of the Borough of Richmond, Ladies and Gentlemen: Our 
 Borough has a right to be proud of this gathering and of the spirit 
 that has brought this assemblage together. But I am not here to 
 speak of the purposes or meanings of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration, 
 although I have the deepest feelings as to what this great Celebration 
 really means in its endorsement of the work of individuals; of the 
 reward of individual effort. I believe that it represents three great 
 things: Love of country, perseverance and courage. And while I 
 could dwell upon these thoughts, I believe that I have a conception 
 764 
 
Richmond Borough Banquet 765 
 
 of a toastmaster which is entirely different from the ordinary idea of Mr. E. L. 
 what the toastmaster should do. Richard* 
 
 "I am reminded of a story which is told of Senator Evarts, who, 
 when an unfortunate man first tried to enter upon the devious paths 
 of litigation with the Senator, and the Senator asked him for a retainer, 
 he said to Senator Evarts, 'What is a retainer?' Senator Evarts 
 replied, 'A retainer is something which should be retained.' 
 
 "And a toastmaster, as I understand it, is a proposer of toasts, an 
 introducer. If I am right, ladies and gentlemen, the speakers that you 
 are to hear will have the pleasure of saying good-night and not good- 
 morning. 
 
 "Now, ladies and gentlemen, in accordance with that plan of carry- 
 ing on an intelligent part of this entertainment, I ask you to rise with 
 me and drink the toast, ' The President of the United States.'" 
 
 The audience rose and the band played America." 
 
 CHAIRMAN RICHARDS: "Ladies and Gentlemen: In order 
 that the next speaker may regain his breath after having sung that 
 song, I wish to say that it is with great regret that we learned to-night 
 at about 7 o'clock, just as he was ready to come down here, that Mr. 
 Justice Brewer was taken ill at his hotel. We do not believe that it is 
 a serious illness, but it was sufficiently serious to have a doctor called, 
 and that doctor was in attendance at the time. This morning, we 
 thoroughly expected that Judge Brewer would be here, and he would 
 have been here had it not been for this. 
 
 "Now, ladies and gentlemen, as I said in referring to this Celebra- 
 tion, to me it represents the approval of individual effort, and we have 
 here to-night a man who believes from his very soul in individualism, 
 in the reward of independent action and independent thought. That 
 man is a friend, not only of the citizens of this city, but also of the 
 Borough of Richmond. I take great pleasure in introducing the 
 Burgomaster of New Amsterdam, the Mayor of New York." 
 
 MAYOR McCLELLAN: "So much has been said, and extremely Mayor 
 well said, during the past week, about both Hudson and Fulton, that McClellaa 
 scarcely anything has been left unsaid to say. It is especially appro- 
 priate that this great banquet, in so far as it honors Hudson, should 
 be held on Staten Island; for the beetling crags of the Dongan Hills 
 
766 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Mayor must have been the first glimpse he obtained of the shores of the 
 McClellan Jjarbor which he discovered. I say this advisedly, for had Hudson 
 been a different man, his eyes might first have rested upon Coney 
 Island or Navesink Highlands. But as he was, so we are told, a man 
 of infinite taste, can there be any doubt that he reserved his first glance 
 until the wooded shores of Richmond were revealed to him in all 
 their beauty ? It is especially appropriate that we should honor 
 Fulton upon Staten Island, for, but for him, where and what would 
 be the Staten Island Municipal Ferry ? 
 
 "Whether or not, as we have been frequently informed, Hudson 
 and Fulton, acting as it were in common, although separated by an 
 interval of over 150 years so impressed their combined characters 
 upon our people that ever since their average days, for have we not 
 averaged their dates in this celebration, we have been the living 
 embodiment of Hudsonism and Fultonism, one fact is certain, and 
 that is, that the dominant trait in their characters, their sturdy indi- 
 vidualism, is shared by the people of the City of New York, under 
 certain circumstances. 
 
 "Now there are no more interesting people in the world than the 
 people of New York; and like all interesting people, they are para- 
 doxical — in no way more so than in their attitude upon the questions 
 of individualism and collectivism. 
 
 "Acting within the City limits in mass, our people are the most 
 collectivistic of almost any urban population on earth. Acting 
 without the City limits in mass, or either without or within separately, 
 we are strongly individualistic. While there are no people more 
 generous in spending their own money in boundless philanthropy 
 and measureless charity, there are also no people more generous in 
 spending each other's money in governmental activity. 
 
 "There are certain functions, utilitarian and almost paternal in 
 character, that even those sturdy old individualists Hudson and 
 Fulton believed government ought to perform. I am inclined to 
 think that on the ground of utilitarianism they might have consented 
 to a municipal water supply, possibly to municipal schools and per- 
 haps to municipal subways, and even that great era-inaugurating 
 discovery, that wonder of Twentieth Century civilization, the direct 
 result of Fulton's discovery, the municipal ferry. 
 
 "As the years go by we demand with ever-increasing insistence 
 
Richmond Borough Banquet 767 
 
 that the city government shall do more and more in the cause of Mayor 
 collectivism, shall become more and more paternal. "^ ^ 
 
 "The belief that government possesses every good and perfect 
 gift, ready at hand for the asking, is flattering to government but very 
 expensive to the taxpayers. If government declines to burden the 
 taxpayers with the cost of a certainly losing investment, it is at once 
 charged with sinister motives in thwarting the public will. 
 
 "Strangely enough, paradox within paradox, from time to time 
 there is manifested a temporary spirit of individualism. These 
 outbursts of individualism, for some unexplained reason, occur at 
 regular quadrennial periods, usually in the autumn. The administra- 
 tion is scathingly denounced for having permitted the budget to 
 increase. Statisticians, researchers, accountants and muck-rakers 
 present elaborate figures tending to show that the affairs of the City 
 have never been so extravagantly and wastefully administered. It 
 is insisted that government has not been paternal enough, has not 
 built enough, dug enough, grown enough, extended its activities 
 enough, but that it has cost too much. 
 
 "The good old argument is advanced that the public has the 
 inalienable right to eat its cake and at the same time to keep it. 
 The people demand collectivism, but object to paying the price. 
 
 "Acting outside the City limits, the people of our City, with the 
 people of the rest of the State, are individualistic to an extreme degree 
 of caution and conservatism. Every paternalistic extension of the 
 functions of government, in State and Nation, is vigorously resisted. 
 Every new departure of any kind is carefully scrutinized and investi- 
 gated before it is approved. The City and State of New York act 
 as a brake on National governmental activity. 
 
 "Our people are never backward in giving the country advice, and 
 as it is almost always the advice of conservatism it is usually good 
 advice. This big brotherly attitude of New York is not always 
 received by the people of the Union in the spirit it deserves. We 
 are called selfish and self-centered; we are accused of sordidness 
 and of being willing to sacrifice the Nation for our own petty inter- 
 ests. Yet as a matter of fact, our conservatism is not that of 
 reaction, but of caution. We are so constituted that we hke to look 
 before we leap, to see whether there are rocks at the bottom and 
 more than two feet of water before we take the plunge. We make 
 
768 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Mayor up our minds carefully and perhaps at times slowly, but when we 
 have once made them up, we do not easily change them. 
 
 "Much as we have been unjustly criticised in the past for delaying 
 progress and standing in the way of the march of civilization, our 
 judgments have almost without exception been finally ratified by pub- 
 lic opinion. We were violently abused for delaying the ratification 
 of the Constitution, yet our yielding to the confederation of our public 
 lands made the Constitution possible, and our delay in ratification 
 made certain the first ten amendments. Public opinion was slower in 
 crystallizing in New York than in some other States in reference to 
 the War of 1812, the War with Mexico, the Civil War, and the War 
 with Spain. Yet once public opinion was made up, we supported 
 the cause with every dollar and every life within our boundaries. 
 
 "From time to time during our National history, a spirit of change, 
 of extreme radicalism if you like, has taken possession of the minds 
 of some of the people. This spirit has been translated into the terms 
 of concrete propositions so drastic as to almost shake the foundations of 
 government itself. Whether such changes have been finally adopted 
 or rejected, the vote of New York has always been found on the side 
 that public opinion has eventually sustained. 
 
 "It is an old saying that 'as goes New York so goes the Union,' 
 and it is a true saying, for the people of New York have, to a marvel- 
 ous degree, the ability and the power to think clearly and to act 
 rightly, the ability and power to truly gauge the ultimate opinion of 
 the American people. And this ability cannot lead to error, for in 
 this country we must believe that public opinion is right or concede 
 that democracy has failed. 
 
 "We may justly claim that it is the leaven of individualism in our 
 City that has acted as the restraining force upon the extreme col" 
 lectivism of the day, so that if the tendency has been collectivistic, it 
 has at least stopped short of actual socialism. 
 
 "We have seen in Hudson and in Fulton the sturdy spirit of inde- 
 pendence that makes for the individualism that we admire. As long 
 as we preserve that same spirit alive, collectivism must have a limit, 
 for individual independence of thought and action and government 
 paternalism are absolutely contradictory." 
 
 Mr. E. L. CHAIRMAN RICHARDS: "It has been justly said that the 
 Richards Hudson-Fulton Celebration is not a celebration in honor of the 
 
Richmond Borough Banquet 769 
 
 achievements of two individuals; but nevertheless we recognize it 
 as a Celebration in honor of the achievements of the sea. We recog- 
 nize it as the beginnings of the progress of matters connected with 
 the sea by the powers of mechanics, by improvements in architecture, 
 by improvements in all those things which go to make up a great ship; 
 and Staten Island is proud, and we are proud to-night, to call upon a 
 man who is not only a great designer, but a man in whose spirit there 
 is more of the great American spirit than in almost any man I know. 
 I want to hear from Lewis Nixon. " 
 
 HON. LEWIS NIXON: "Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentle- Hon- 
 men: To be called upon to speak on the achievements of men upon „. 
 the water is a great subject, especially from the fact that the City of 
 New York has been going through the throes of a Celebration, night 
 and day, and that all good New Yorkers felt that they were bound to 
 celebrate to the full extent of their ability and endurance. Hence 
 there is left to me to-night but little other than the spirit of the occa- 
 sion as an inspiration. 
 
 "Mr. Richards has spoken of achievements upon the sea, and has 
 asked me to say a few words as to American achievements in con- 
 nection with our Navy. I think he asked me that, not because I 
 am a Naval officer, for that is a long way in the past, but because, 
 in common with all of you, I look upon the American Navy as one 
 of the grandest and most patriotic institutions of this great Govern- 
 ment. It is fitting that we should turn to history in all that we dis- 
 cuss during these two weeks of Celebration, and in the upbuilding of 
 our Navy I think that the United States entered upon the greatest 
 and most salutary undertaking that it has ever started with since the 
 Declaration of Independence. And in developing our Navy to its 
 present extent, I want to call attention to the work and influence of 
 three great New Yorkers. 
 
 "For many years the Navy of the United States was a football of 
 party politics. We had throughout the world a number of wooden 
 ships, where the rest of the world had the best that money and genius 
 could produce. They were rotten reminiscences of a glorious past. 
 They were the shame of the gallant officers who were forced to work 
 upon them and the subject of ridicule by foreign officers who had to 
 exchange salutes with them. 
 
 "But through the workings of public opinion, the people of the 
 49 
 
yyo The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon United States woke up to the fact that they needed a great Navy, 
 
 f^^ and an impetus was given to that movement by a New Yorker who 
 wrote a letter to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, calling 
 attention to the defenseless condition of the United States and to the 
 fact that no matter how small the country, with a slight development of 
 military and naval force they could subjugate us. That rang with 
 valiant tones throughout the country. And when Samuel J. Tilden 
 wrote that message, he did more good for the United States than any 
 message that was ever published by any President, for we immediately 
 removed this great undertaking from the domain of party politics. 
 The two great parties joined hand in hand and voted great estimates 
 of money to successive Secretaries of the Navy, regardless of their 
 political affiliation. 
 
 "Then we were lucky in having placed at the head of the Navy 
 department, when we started our new Navy, another great New 
 Yorker — a man with a keen capacity for organization and under- 
 standing of men — and he brought to bear the great force of his 
 character and forced the beginning of the new Navy as a practical 
 undertaking. Before, we were enabled to get a few appropriations for 
 ships. We tacked on some old bill — no matter how it was obtained 
 — and it was generally criticized and rarely of any effect when 
 carried into actual operation. William C. Whitney brought about 
 the continuous naval policy when he gave us a regular naval bill, 
 and made the Navy bill of the United States one of the great appro- 
 priation bills, and so laid the foundation of our Navy. He started 
 our gun foundry because at the time we started our new Navy we were 
 unable to make a forging for a gun that we would use upon our ships. 
 We could not make the cast steel, or the manganese, or the com- 
 position mixtures that were required by the specifications for our 
 men-of-war. We were unable to make a crank shaft or a shaft for 
 a single engine, and for our first ships we imported the gun forgings 
 and the shaft forgings. William C. Whitney, almost without warrant 
 of law, but with a keen conception of his duty to the government, 
 forced the building of the Naval Gun Foundry in Washington, and 
 gave contracts that warranted the starting of our great establishments, 
 and putting in of plants that would make us independent as far as 
 the production of our war material was concerned, and so laid broad 
 and deep not only the foundation of the Navy of the United States, 
 
Richmond Borough Banquet 77] 
 
 but of our great steel industry, which leads the world, and of the Hon. 
 kindred industries that followed in its wake, and have made us a "^^^s 
 great manufacturing nation, whereas before that we were dependent 
 upon the manufactories of all countries of the world. William C. 
 Whitney started our Navy, because at that time, as I believe, we 
 hadn't any ships to bear our flag within the Navy. 
 
 "He was succeeded by another great administrator, Benjamin F. 
 Tracy, another New Yorker and one of the ablest executives that it 
 has ever been my good fortune to meet. And to Benjamin F. Tracy 
 and to his efforts alone I will say, and to his great ability is due the 
 honored fleet of the United States, and the fact that to-day we have 
 the battleship fleet which lies in the Hudson. 
 
 "And I want to say something of that battleship fleet, and tell 
 you as Americans what it means. If you will visit those boats and 
 carefully study their construction, and learn what they are doing in 
 the matter of markmanship, in rough water, you will arrive at a 
 conclusion which the definite processes of engineering will affirm, 
 that if one of our battleships had to go to sea and meet the ab'est 
 ship of a foreign nation that lies in the Hudson, and had thirty seconds 
 to secure her range, in two minutes that ship would be absolutely 
 annihilated. The United States has its dreadnaughts as well as the 
 other nations. 
 
 "While I would like to glorify the materiel of our country, while 
 I believe the successful development of the engineering art has so 
 ennobled the vocation of those who plan and build ships that it beats 
 anything in any other field of endeavor, I want to say that this country, 
 no matter how well its ships are built, has to depend upon the men 
 behind the guns and the officers who fight the ships. You will remem- 
 ber the fight at Santiago. I tell you that if the American crews and the 
 American officers had swapped ships and moved the American flag 
 to the stern of the Spanish ships, the victory would still have been 
 with the American flag. And while these men, as I say, served their 
 time upon the old wooden hulks throughout the world, they were 
 qualifying themselves to arrive at their kingdom when they got the 
 proper ship for their trade, which was that of fighting. And they 
 came to that kingdom by divine right, for I believe to-day that in 
 all the world there are no such men as the men of the fleet that lies 
 to-day in the Hudson. These men stand for peace, because they 
 
772 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. appreciate what war means. But you must remember that when 
 
 Lewis you call upon them, they are always ready. Their lifetime has been 
 
 '*°° devoted to one thing, and that is to defend the honor of their flag 
 
 when called upon. And the fleet of the United States has done 
 
 more to make us a nation as a unit than any other force. 
 
 "I will not speak of the splendid work that was done by our Navy 
 in the Spanish War — how we rose from a small nation, self-contained 
 in its ideas, to a great world-power; how all sections of this country 
 contributed their men and their blood to the cause of the flag; how 
 the South nobly put forward young Bagley as the first martyr to this 
 fight, that he might bring about a closer union between the North 
 and the South. 
 
 "And even every day we see this splendid factor. Only a few 
 months ago, in our great river, the Mississippi, a battleship of the 
 United States was taken and steered into that river against the cross- 
 currents of that mighty stream as if she were a tug by one of the 
 master mariners of our United States Navy. And there is one title 
 that an American navy officer loves, one title that he would prefer 
 to any medal of honor that could be bestowed upon him and that is 
 to be called a 'Sailor' because that means pre-eminence in his craft. 
 And when Captain Fremont took the Mississippi into the Mississippi 
 River and was called upon to decide a clear question which foolish 
 people brought to the front, he was the man to say there was no 
 sectionalism in the United States Navy. 
 
 "Our Navy has a manifest destiny, and that is to defend our com- 
 merce; and I only hope, and I never miss an opportunity to say, that 
 if we have this Navy adequate to our needs as a Nation, for God's 
 sake let us give them something to protect upon the high seas; and 
 while our flag went around the world on sixteen battleships, those 
 ships could not go out of port save for the coal that was carried on 
 foreign colliers. 
 
 "How long will the United States stand for such condition on the 
 seas ? Let us give to the Navy that which Jefferson called a naval 
 strength — a merchant marine to man the Navy when we need it 
 in time of war. We have heard from the Admiral of the Pacific 
 fleet; we have seen what our Navy needs. We have had the finest 
 ships of other nations come here to mingle in peaceful salutes with 
 our fleet. All the nations that have come here have received a lesson 
 
Richmond Borough Banquet 773 
 
 for peace because the United States has arrived at last where it can 
 command peace; and with that idea I wish to close. Let us not have 
 the Navy of the United States roaming the seas as a swashbuckler, 
 with a chip on its shoulder looking for a fight. The Navy of the 
 United States stands for peace, and is prepared to demand peace, 
 because in peace this country prospers and develops." 
 
 CHAIRMAN RICHARDS: "Ladies and Gentlemen: I learn Mr. E. L. 
 to-night that we have with us a man who is very distinguished. I ~'="*''ds 
 learn also that he has had experience before on Staten Island. The 
 gentleman whom you are about to hear came down to darkest Staten 
 Island several years ago looking for St. Mark's Place. He found his 
 way to Stapleton, where they 'took him in;' and that gentlemen is 
 the man from whom we are about to hear — Dr. Cook, the discoverer 
 of the North Pole." 
 
 DR. FREDERICK A. COOK: "Ladies and Gentlemen: All this Dr. F. A. 
 is very true which our presiding oiHcer has told you, but in time of Cook 
 trouble I was also discovered by another man from Staten Island, 
 and that is Mr. John Burke. 
 
 "The first news of this great Celebration came to me through Mr. 
 Burke, in Denmark. Your press agent in the Arctic had not been 
 active and therefore the news of this great Hudson-Fulton Celebra- 
 don did not reach the Boreal Wilds. We had a little celebration of 
 our own in Copenhagen, and right in the midst of it Mr. Burke asked 
 me to leave and come right over here to join you; and that is why I 
 am here to-night. I am very glad to be with you to-night. 
 
 "Now there is not much that I can say to add to your present joy. 
 You are here to do honor to the memory of Hudson and Fulton, and 
 I am here to join in the chorus. The City of New York stands as 
 a monument and a pioneer in the ingenuity of both. We have been 
 discovered, and for it all the world should rejoice." 
 
 CHAIRMAN RICHARDS: "For days the eyes of the City of Mr. E. L. 
 New York have been cast more or less upward. The land parades ^^hards 
 had little charm for many of those in this city. Those who were 
 on the way to see the spectacles in New York sometimes took two or 
 three trips up and down the bay on the Staten Island ferry boats, 
 and not for the purpose of increasing our revenues. We have here 
 to-night a man, one who is not really to be called a man, one who told 
 
774 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 me confidentially that it was perfectly charming to be a bird, but it 
 hurt like the devil to alight; and it gives me great pleasure to intro- 
 duce Mr. Glenn H. Curtiss, the champion air flyer of the world." 
 
 Mr.G.H. MR. GLENN H. CURTISS: "I assure you, Mr. Chairman, I 
 appreciate the honor of being the guest on such a notable occasion, 
 and I am very sorry indeed that I cannot say something that will 
 be of interest to you. While I have met some little success as a flyer, 
 I am a complete failure as a speaker. Please excuse me." 
 
 Mr. E. L. CHAIRMAN RICHARDS: "All of which only serves to illus- 
 Richards , .... i i i • 
 
 trate the proposition that the men who do thmgs are not promisers. 
 
 Now, ladies and gentlemen, I have reserved for you towards the last, 
 
 a speech from the man who represents this borough; a man who 
 
 represents it well; a man for whom we all have the highest respect, 
 
 the highest affection. We wish to hear a few words of welcome to 
 
 you and to our guests, from the President of the borough, the Hon. 
 
 George Cromwell." 
 
 Hon. BOROUGH PRESIDENT GEORGE CROMWELL: "Mr. 
 
 George President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I have not very long been under 
 the leadership of our distinguished Chairman, Mr. Richards, and I 
 have not yet discovered how to translate his words. He said to me 
 the other day that he hoped I would be present here at this banquet, 
 and I assured him I would be delighted to be here with you. But I 
 gathered from him that I was not to say a word, and I therefore had 
 no idea of speaking at all to-night until I got here. 
 
 "As the Mayor of the City of New York said to us in his splendid 
 address, that practically all the thoughts that were inspired by this 
 great Celebration had already been expressed, and that there was 
 nothing more to be said, I had almost agreed with him until I heard 
 the eloquent address he has given us to-night; and I feel after what he 
 has said that there is practically nothing more that any one else can 
 say under the inspiration of the present situation. I therefore will 
 undertake to say nothing; I am sure I could not say anything new. 
 
 "Among the thoughts, however, that have been expressed during 
 this week of magnificent and wonderful celebrations, is the thought 
 I think of, how rapidly and how wonderfully the world progresses 
 in these wonderful days. But 300 years ago this Island was as yet 
 undiscovered. It was a place of woods and mountains, and wild 
 
Richmond Borough Banquet 775 
 
 Indians. To-day, and we here on Staten Island should realize it, Hon. 
 I think, beyond any people anywhere in the city at this particular ^^"'^Bs 
 moment and anywhere in the country, at this table, at this gathering, 
 we have sat down to-day with the Governor of the State of New York, 
 the Mayor of the City of New York, the Chairman of the wonderful 
 Celebration of which we have all been so proud, the Chairman of our 
 own Staten Island Celebration, the pilot of the sky, and the discoverer 
 of the apex of the earth. When has there been such a day or such 
 a moment here upon Staten Island ? When can any one remember 
 such a gathering as this, in the midst of all our friends, and par- 
 ticularly with our best girls here with us. It is an occasion that I 
 am sure we will none of us ever forget, and it should be a red letter 
 day in the history of Staten Island. 
 
 "Three hundred years ago, when Henry Hudson came here and 
 later when the other discoverers came to various parts of this country, 
 the different nations whom they represented almost immediately came 
 to war with each other, and the early development of this great 
 country of ours was one of strife and of bloodshed and quarrel, and 
 advancement was made under the greatest possible friction. To-day 
 we have, after the wonderful invention of Mr. Fulton, these magnif- 
 icent warships, representing millions and millions of dollars, lying 
 peacefully side by side, and all the nations that they represent working 
 side by side for the welfare of the entire earth, and the advancement 
 of civilization. 
 
 "Now, my friends, there is a lesson that we of Staten Island can 
 take from that. Let us see if we cannot take this lesson to heart. 
 We are devoted not only to the Island that we love so much, but also 
 to the Nation and the State and the City; but let us realize that we 
 must begin at home. Let us take the lesson of peace and charity 
 and friendship and brotherly love with our neighbors, and let us 
 Staten Islanders remembering that this was the first part of this 
 part of the country discovered — this was the first; these beautiful 
 Dongan Hills of which the Mayor reminds us, the first sight that 
 came to Henry Hudson — I say, let us who live around about these 
 beautiful hills, remember that we must stand side by side in brotherly 
 love in this beautiful Island, first discovered, and let us see that we 
 set an example to the City, State and Nation of peaceful, happy 
 cooperation for the upbuilding and welfare not only of our Island, 
 
776 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. but all parts of the country with which we come in contact. Let 
 George ^^ take that lesson, if we may, to ourselves, and do our level best as 
 citizens in our small way to upbuild our own locality and help 
 thereby to upbuild the State and Nation and the world and civiliza- 
 tion generally. 
 
 "I welcome you all most heartily, and I hope that we will all carry 
 from here lessons that will make us the better citizens from now until 
 we are called from this earth." 
 
 Mr. E. L. CHAIRMAN RICHARDS: "Ladies and Gentlemen: As I said 
 Richards before, I reserved the distinguished President of the borough as a bon 
 bouche. But that is not the last speech that is to be made to-night. 
 I am going to call upon a man who is known to you all; who is big 
 enough physically and intellectually not to stand upon this platform, 
 but to stand in the audience, and give his blessing and his word of 
 cheer, and send us on our way after this banquet. I call upon 
 Archdeacon Burch, to say a few words." 
 
 Rev.C.S. ARCHDEACON BURCH: "Mr. Chairman, Guests of Honor, 
 Burch Ladies and Gentlemen: I feel as Senator Root felt last night at the 
 banquet at the Hotel Astor, that the only thing I can do with any 
 grace whatever is to bid you all a good-night and a good-morrow. 
 But perhaps I might say further a word of appreciation of those who 
 are sitting here in the body of this audience — a word of deep appre- 
 ciation for the honor done us by our distinguished guests who have 
 come to us to-night to say these words of cheer, to our Governor, to 
 our honored Mayor, to the discoverer of the North Pole, to that man 
 who at Rheims last month did something that made our hearts 
 thrill, and did it as I saw, just as modestly as he spoke the few words 
 that he spoke to-night. And if I add just one word, may it be the 
 following out of the idea that our Governor suggested or hinted when 
 he spoke of the parade this afternoon, and referred to the fact that 
 perhaps no community in the world, no country in the world, had ever 
 before seen the soldiers and sailors of all the principal nations of the 
 world marching in peace and harmony through the streets together. 
 When the English sailors marched by the reviewing stand this after- 
 noon, the band playing the 'Star Spangled Banner' and every heart 
 thrilling with a spirit not only of patriotism, but of the brotherly love 
 that the President of our borough has so eloquently spoken of, it 
 
Richmond Borough Banquet 777 
 
 seemed to me that we were in very reality coming to the time when the 
 Angel of Peace should cover the earth as the waters cover the sea, 
 and that this Celebration of the discovery of the Hudson River and of 
 the successful navigation of the Hudson River by steam, was in God's 
 providence bringing us nearer to a realization of the dream of that 
 universal peace and universal brotherhood than any event which has 
 ever come to this country, to this people or to any of the nations ot 
 the earth." 
 
 CHAIRMAN RICHARDS: "Ladies and Gentlemen: We will 
 now adjourn, to meet, if we have the good fortune, 300 years hence." 
 
CHAPTER XXXIX 
 
 RICHMOND BOROUGH HISTORICAL EXERCISES 
 
 ON Monday, September 27, historical exercises on a scale 
 more elaborate than at any other point in the City, were 
 held at Stony Brook in the old township of Westfield on 
 Staten Island. This place was the site of the first church on 
 Staten Island and the first county seat of Richmond. These 
 ceremonies, which occupied both morning and afternoon, were 
 arranged by Mr. Ira K. Morris, the historian of Staten Island, 
 Local Chairman of the Committee on History and Literature, and his 
 mittees associates, Messrs. John Crawford, William P. Davis, Edward 
 P. Doyle, Herbert Huntington, M. J. Kane, Hugo Kessler, 
 Cornelius G. KolfF, Theodor S. Oxholm, and David J. Tysen. 
 This Committee had the valuable help of a Ladies' Reception 
 Committee consisting of Miss Mary Wolcott Green, Regent of 
 the Staten Island Chapter of the Daughters of the American 
 Revolution, and Mrs. D. L. Bardwell, Mrs. Charles Benedict, 
 Mrs. Clare H. Brown, Mrs. Eugene J. Callahan, Miss Gertrude 
 Clark, Mrs. Edward P. Doyle, Mrs. Theodore von Fischer, 
 Mrs. Arthur HoUick, Mrs. H. H. Horton, Mrs. Nathan J. 
 Lowe, Mrs. Mary L. Mason, Mrs. Ira K. Morris, Mrs. Henry 
 P. Morrison, Mrs. F. F. Patterson, Mrs. Eugene G. Putnam, 
 Miss Agnes L. Pollard, Mrs. S. M'K. Smith, Mrs. Stephen D. 
 Stephens, Mrs. David J. Tysen, Mrs. William C. Walser, Miss 
 Clara Whitmore, Mrs. Benj. W. Williams, and Mrs. E. D. 
 Wisely. 
 ParUci- The Historical Society of Staten Island, the Association of 
 pating y^^jg ^^j Sciences, the Staten Island Sons of Holland, the 
 English Colonial Society of Staten Island, the American Revo- 
 lutionary Society of Staten Island, the American Scenic and 
 Historic Preservation Society, and other patriotic societies took 
 778 
 
Richmond Borough Historical Exercises 779 
 
 part in the celebration. The ceremonies, embracing the laying 
 of the corner stone of a monument to be erected on this spot, 
 commemorated the first permanent settlement on Staten Island 
 after the destruction for the third time of Oude Dorp by the 
 Indians; the establishment, about 1658, of the first Waldensian 
 church on the North American continent, the first of any 
 denomination on Staten Island; the trading post where the 
 Dutch, the French and the English purchased furs from the 
 Indians; the whipping post, etc. 
 
 The program of exercises was as follows, the morning Program 
 session beginning at 10 o'clock, and the afternoon session at 2 °f ^^®^" 
 o'clock: 
 
 MORNING SESSION. 
 
 1. Singing of "America," by the audience, accompanied by the Totten- 
 ville Band, Mr. Frank L. Hadkins, leader. 
 
 2. Reading of the 146th Psalm, by Rabbi Ralph Goldfarb, Temple Emanuel, 
 Port Richmond. 
 
 3. Prayer, by the Rev. Oliver Paul Barnhill, of the Edgewater Presby- 
 terian Church, Stapleton. 
 
 4. Welcome to audience, by the Presiding Officer, Mr. Ira K. Morris. 
 
 5. Music by the Band. 
 
 6. Address by the Rev. DeWitt C. Rockefeller, of the Mariners' Har- 
 bor Reformed Dutch Chapel. 
 
 7. Address by the Rev. Edward J. Russell, of Calvary Presbyterian 
 Church, West New Brighton. 
 
 8. Address by Ven. Archdeacon Charles Sumner Burch, of St. Andrew's 
 Protestant Episcopal Church, Richmond. 
 
 9. Music by the Band. 
 
 10. Address by the Rev. F. E. Grunert, of the Moravian Church, of New 
 Dorp. 
 
 11. Address by the Rev. T. L. Giffin, of the Park Baptist Church, o 
 Port Richmond. 
 
 12. Address by the Rev. Charles A. Cassidy, of St. Peter's Roman 
 Catholic Church, of New Brighton. 
 
 13. Address by the Rev. William E. Palmer, of Trinity Methodist Episco- 
 pal Church of New Brighton. 
 
 I+. Music by the Band. 
 
 15. Ladies' Reception, under the auspices of Local Historical and Other 
 Societies. 
 
ySo The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Program afternoon session. 
 
 of Exer- , M^^ic by the Band. 
 ' ^^ 2. Address by Miss Mary Wolcott Green, representing the Daughters of 
 
 the American Revolution. 
 
 3. Reading of Poem, "The Graves of the Huguenots," by Mrs. Ira K. 
 Morris. 
 
 4. Address by Dr. Darv?in L. Bardwell, District Superintendent. Sub- 
 ject, "The PubHc School System." 
 
 5. Music by the German Singing Societies. 
 
 6. Address by Hon. George Cromwell. Subject, "The Borough of Rich- 
 mond." 
 
 7. Address by Mr. Reginald P. Bolton, representing the American Scenic 
 and Historic Preservation Society. 
 
 8. Music by the Band. 
 
 9. Address by the Hon. Stephen D. Stephens, County Judge. Subject, 
 "The Bench and Bar of Richmond." 
 
 10. Address by Mr. Eugene Lamb Richards, Jr., Chairman of the Rich- 
 mond Borough Committee. 
 
 11. Music by the Band. 
 
 On account of the length of these very interesting exercises, 
 which would occupy about 115 pages if recorded in full, it is 
 not possible to embody then verbatim in this chapter. The 
 morning session, however, presented such a happy exhibition 
 of denominational fraternity that we shall endeavor to para- 
 phrase or quote enough passages from the addresses of that 
 session to indicate the general drift of the ideas expressed, 
 although these excerpts fail to do them justice. 
 
 Mr. Morris presided, both morning and afternoon. 
 
 The morning exercises were opened by Rabbi Ralph Gold- 
 farb of Temple Emanuel, Port Richmond, who read the 146th 
 Psalm. 
 
 Prayer was offered by the Rev. Paul Barnhill, pastor of the 
 Edgewater Presbyterian Church of Stapleton. 
 Mr. I. K. Mr. Morris, after extending a welcome to those present. 
 Morns g^yg ^ |jj.jgf outline of the history of Stony Brook and the 
 Waldensians. He said in part: 
 
Richmond Borough Historical Exercises 781 
 
 "It was here upon this spot where we stand that the Waldensians Mr. I. K. 
 reared the first church of that faith on the North American Continent, Morris 
 and it was also the first church of any denomination on Staten Island. 
 It was here that freedom of belief, freedom of faith and freedom of 
 action planted the seeds of personal liberty, which in the flight of 
 years have ripened and bloomed into the magnificent Republic which 
 stands to-day as the model of civilization for the whole world. 
 
 "It was here upon this spot that the undying message from Heaven 
 first heralded the 'Old, Old Story' of Christ and Him crucified, 
 without molestation and restraint. It was here that the human 
 heart first communed on Staten Island, unhindered, and it was here 
 that the mother of three centuries ago knelt and wept over the new 
 made graves of the loved ones who had gone home. It was here that 
 was first established for the new world those principles which formed 
 the very foundation of American civilization, of American industry, 
 and of American progress. Sacred, indeed, is the ground upon which 
 we stand. 
 
 "Twenty years or so after the establishment of the Waldensian 
 Church, Stony Brook became the County Seat of Richmond County, 
 which practically included the whole of Staten Island. 
 
 "Three times the little Dutch village of Oude Dorp, or Old Town, 
 which was located about where Arrochar Park now stands, was 
 burned by the Indians. Three times the white people were all 
 murdered or driven away. In fact, everything in the vicinity was 
 destroyed but the little block fort which stood on the heights of the 
 present Fort Wadsworth. 
 
 "The Village of Stony Brook, in the center of which we now stand, 
 was commenced as early as 1658 — perhaps earlier. The Walden- 
 sian Society was established here about that time. Over there, just 
 a few feet on the side of the church, stood the first court house in 
 Richmond County, erected in 1683; while in the rear of it was located 
 the public whipping post — about where this old tree stands — and 
 which I find was standing here in 1692. Just a little further east, 
 on that little knoll, stood the trading post or fort owned by the Dutch 
 West India Company, where the Indians brought their furs to exchange 
 for provisions, ammunition, and articles of clothing. These buildings 
 formed the center of the village of Stony Brook. Around it grew up 
 a considerable settlement. I have authority for saying that at one 
 
782 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Mr. I. K. time the village and neighborhood contained at least 100 houses. 
 
 Morns Qf (jjggg jPig present generation have seen the old Townsend Home- 
 stead, just over to the northeast of this place; and the old Rose and 
 Crow^n farm-house, which was demolished in 1854. It was in that 
 building that Sir William Howe made his first headquarters after 
 leaving Boston and where he read for the first time the Declaration 
 of Independence. The Britton Homestead, the foundation of which 
 is still standing by the road, a few hundred yards to the west, was 
 built about the same year as the old church. The Lake or Tysen 
 Homestead, south of here, is just as it was more than two centuries 
 ago; while near it stands its companion of the 17th Century, the 
 Guyon or Clark Homestead. Over near the foot of New Dorp Lane 
 still stands the old Cubberly house, a relic too of the 17th Century." 
 
 The speaker then traced the origin of the Waldensians in 
 Europe, referred to their tenets — similar to those of the Dutch 
 Reformed Church — spoke of their persecutions, and con- 
 tinued: 
 
 "We can easily understand at this late day why those persecuted 
 people sought the solitude of the Staten Island forests and erected 
 here a house wherein to worship God. Repeatedly the torch of the 
 Indian was applied to the little church, but the brave Waldensians 
 saved it from ruin, and hundreds of times the people of the village 
 sought refuge within its walls to save their lives. 
 
 "The Waldensians who settled on Staten Island in the 17th Century 
 were a noble people, and were closely identified with the Huguenots 
 with whom they are commonly confounded by the average writer of 
 the present day. It is no doubt the common cause which they repre- 
 sented which has so easily and naturally placed them in history as one 
 common people. They were an industrious people, and were, in 
 their native land, experts as spinners, weavers, dyers, fullers and 
 charcoal burners, and their valiant deeds will never be forgotten. 
 They were a hospitable people, and there is a well-founded tradition 
 that they prevented many a cruel outbreak by the Indians at Stony 
 Brook by the performance of kind acts in the homes. 
 
 "This autumnal out-door meeting is after the custom of the people 
 in the early days of Staten Island civilization. Once in every autumn 
 they used to come together and plan for the future in some of the 
 
Richmond Borough Historical Exercises 783 
 
 pretty nooks, and the story comes down to us that as they met beneath 
 the spreading branches of the great forest trees, the Dutch, the French, 
 the English, and even the native Indians, were made to understand 
 each other better, and to also respect each other's rights. All honor 
 to the brave Waldensians, as they await us to-day on the echoless 
 shores of eternity. " 
 
 The Rev. Edward J. Russell, pastor of Calvary Presbyterian Rev. E.J. 
 Church, West New Brighton, opened his address by speaking ^"^^^ 
 of the wonderful interweaving of the threads of history, and 
 traced the history of the Waldensians in such manner as to 
 show the influence of John Milton upon their coming to Staten 
 Island. He said that when Milton was Latin Secretary for 
 Oliver Cromwell, in one of the finest sonnets in the English 
 language he uttered a prayer which might, without fancy, be 
 imagined to have been answered in the settlement of the 
 Waldensians on Staten Island. 
 
 Following are excerpts from the remarks which followed 
 this statement: 
 
 "In answer to this prayer of John Milton in the year 1655, those 
 people came to this very spot and founded, probably in 1658, the 
 first church on Staten Island. At that time there was a group of 
 French Huguenots at Fresh Kills. There were also certain Dutchmen 
 from the Netherlands who worshipped God along the northern 
 shores. And in the course of a very few years the Waldensians of 
 Stony Brook, the Huguenots of Fresh Kills, and these Dutchmen 
 united in religious worship. They were ministered to by Dominie 
 Bogardus of Manhattan Island, the second minister in the settle- 
 ment of New Amsterdam. 
 
 In the year 171 7 these three groups united and built a church at 
 the county seat of Richmond county. They left this church at Stony 
 Brook without a congregation. At once a group of English Presbyte- 
 rians commenced worshipping in this vacated church, probably about 
 the year 1744, and there was a charter taken out for that society. In 
 1769 the church formed of the united groups at Richmond joined with 
 this group of Presbyterians who had been worshipping here, and 
 together they built a Presbyterian church at Richmond. 
 
784 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev. E.J. "That church did a good service until the time of the Revolution, 
 when it was burned by the British. The British never had much 
 use for the Presbyterians, because the Presbyterians were entirely too 
 energetic for their liberty. Some other denominations numbered 
 more of what we call Loyalists in those days, but it was very hard 
 to find a Presbyterian who was in sympathy with the British. You 
 remember that pleasant remark of James I, that England and the 
 Presbyterians agreed just about as well as God and the devil. So 
 the British destroyed our place of worship at Richmond during the 
 Revolution. From that time on, we are not ashamed to say it, the 
 Presbyterian Church merged in the Dutch Reformed Church, or the 
 Dutch Reformed merged in the Presbyterian, which ever way you 
 choose to put it. The Dutch Reformed is about the same as the 
 Presbyterian, only a little more so, if anything; that is to say, they are 
 a little more strict in their creed and in the strictness of their church 
 policy. 
 
 "In about the year 1820, this mother church at Port Richmond 
 sent out a colony to Tompkinsville, and there, by aid largely of funds 
 furnished by the generous Governor Tompkins, another church was 
 erected — a Dutch Reformed church. In about the year 1853 ^ 
 Dutch Reformed colony from that church was founded at Stapleton, 
 and in the year 1856 a number of these Scotch, Irish and American 
 Dutchmen, or Presbyterians, or whatever you like to call them, who 
 were worshipping in the church at Tompkinsville, decided that per- 
 haps it would be better to have a little church — at least to call it a 
 Presbyterian church — and so in 1856 the first Presbyterian church 
 on Staten Island was built in Clifton. 
 
 "I am telling you this story in order that you may be reminded of 
 this fact, that in the year 1868 the Dutch Reformed Church at Staple- 
 ton united with the Presbyterian Church and the united church 
 became the First Presbyterian Church of Edgewater, Stapleton. 
 Then in 1872, Calvary Presbyterian Church was founded in West 
 New Brighton by a group of about thirty-five people who came there 
 largely from the mother church in Port Richmond." 
 
 The speaker then concluded by speaking with enthusiasm 
 of Presbyterianism and its relations to other denominations. 
 
Richmond Borough Historical Exercises 785 
 
 The Rev. DeWitt C. Rockefeller, of the Dutch Reformed Rev. 
 Church, spoke from the standpoint of his denomination. After j^^^^'g, 
 speaking of the organization of the first Dutch Reformed feller 
 Church on Manhattan Island and the formation of the 
 Waldensian Church at Stony Brook, he said: 
 
 "With grateful pride we trace to the Waldensians the origin of 
 the Reformed Church on Staten Island, 1658. The Reformed 
 Church in America is the Holland type of Presbyterianism, and 
 while the Hollanders have toned down some of the stronger doctrines 
 of Calvinism, the form of government is Presbyterian. This first 
 and newly organized church of the Waldenses at Stony Brook was 
 visited once a month by the Rev. Samuel Drisius, pastor of the Col- 
 legiate Reformed Church in New Amsterdam, who preached to this 
 little band of Christians in the French language and administered to 
 them the sacraments. 
 
 "In 1714 Governor Hunter made a grant to the representatives of 
 the Reformed church to erect a new house of worship on the north 
 shore. All the elements of the Dutch church were united and soon 
 after this they^called a minister from Leyden, Holland, to serve them 
 as one pastoral charge. This dominie was a man of rare grace and 
 enterprise — Rev. Cornelius Van Santvoord — and this is the begin- 
 ning of the Port Richmond Reformed Church which has been a 
 mighty power for good on the island. It was in this church Dr. 
 Brownley makes claim that the first Sunday school in this country 
 was organized, in 1812." 
 
 The remainder ofthe address was devoted to a characterization 
 of the doctrines of the denomination, 
 
 Archdeacon Charles Sumner Burch'of St. Andrew's Church Rev.C. 
 of Richmond spoke from the Protestant Episcopal standpoint. ^"'''^^ 
 He said he had not prepared an address in advance, having 
 had but a few hours' notice of the expectation that he would 
 speak. He referred to the royal welcome which the first 
 representative of the Church of England, Rev. John Talbot, 
 received on Staten Island in 1702 from those who already had 
 established evangelical worship on the island. This welcome 
 50 
 
786 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev. C.S. came especially, he said, from the man who was carrying on 
 the combined services of the Stony Brook Church and the 
 French Huguenot Church, erected at Fresh Kills — one year 
 after this church was built. 
 
 "I say he found a royal welcome at the hands of the Rev. David 
 BonRepos, who was the preacher in the French Huguenot Church at 
 Fresh Kills. After three years, when they had no services here, as 
 far as we know, from 1654 to 1697, they had religious services every 
 afternoon here at the old Stony Brook Church for something like 
 twenty years, from 1697 to 1717. The Rev. David BonRepos was 
 a true son of God, who extended a most royal welcome to the repre- 
 sentative of the Church of England; and if my good friend Russell 
 will just pardon me for departing from my Presbyterianism for a 
 moment, I want to say he represented the type represented by the 
 great men of the seventeenth century, one of whom told those 
 fugitive Huguenots and Waldensians in England: 'Do not depart 
 from the service of the Almighty God in the established church in 
 England because you cannot perhaps just fall into line exactly with 
 their rites and ceremonies. They are the Church of God in the 
 country where you have taken refuge. Worship with them if you 
 cannot worship without them.' 
 
 "The first established rector of St. Andrew's Church was the 
 Rev. iEneas McKenzie. And now let me take just a little glory 
 in my Episcopalianism. If it had not been for Mr. McKenzie, the 
 clergyman who came here in 1754 and found that welcome, God 
 only knows when you would have had English schools on Staten 
 Island. You had the true religion of Jesus Christ preached to you 
 here for more than forty years before that, but you had no English 
 schools. One of the first things that Mr. McKenzie did when he 
 came here was to write back to the Bishop of London and to the 
 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and plead with them to 
 give him the resources to establish the schools here. The next year 
 they sent him over thirty pounds, and he established the first English 
 school on Staten Island; and in three years after that he had three 
 English schools established, whereas before such establishment the 
 Dutch reformers did not understand English, and the French Hugue- 
 nots could not understand it." 
 
Richmond Borough Historical Exercises 787 
 
 Mr. Burch spoke of various gifts of land to the church, andRev. C.S. 
 other interesting details of its history; and then read an extract 
 from an address which he had delivered the preceding spring at 
 the celebration of the landing of the Huguenots at New Rochelle, 
 referring to the tendency of the Huguenots to blend with the 
 Anglican church. He concluded by quoting from Mrs. 
 Sigourney and Henry Cabot Lodge about the Huguenots. 
 
 The Rev. F. E. Grunert, pastor of the Moravian church atRev.F.E. 
 New Dorp, then spoke, giving an historical sketch of the^""^*" 
 origin of the Moravian church. He said that the denomination 
 was named from Moravia, a province of the Austrian empire 
 which during the fifteenth or sixteenth century was one of 
 the chief seats of the church and which during the eighteenth 
 century was an asylum for religious refugees from Saxony. 
 The official name, however, is Unitas Fratrum, that is. Unity 
 of Brethren. The original members came from Bohemia as 
 well as Moravia. The speaker traced the Protestant move- 
 ment in those countries, stating that the Moravian church 
 dated its origin from March i, 1457, and claiming that it was 
 "by far the oldest Protestant Episcopal church that exists." 
 After speaking of the general movement in Europe leading to 
 the formation of the denomination, he referred to the advent 
 of the Moravians in Philadelphia in 1740, and the formation 
 of churches in different parts of that State and in North 
 Carolina. Continuing, he said: 
 
 "Moravian work was begun in New York City on January 28, 
 1741, as an undenominational Christian association. The work was 
 not unattended by difficulties, for we learn that in the spring of the 
 year 1743 there was cited before the Mayor and Council of New 
 York, a God-fearing man, accused of no other crime than preaching 
 the Gospel. Without trial, or even without being informed wherein 
 his offense consisted, he was ordered to leave the city; and when he 
 meekly asked why this sentence was passed upon him, he was roughly 
 answered, ' Because you are a vagabond.' This persecuted servant of 
 God was the learned and oious Moravian Bishop, Peter Boehler, who 
 
788 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev. F.E. began his labors in America in Georgia, but whose sphere of activity 
 Grunert j^^j jj^^^ transferred to this city. The name of Peter Boehler is known 
 everywhere, among our Methodist brethren, as the name of the man 
 who, under God's blessing, led Wesley to a personal knowledge of 
 the pardoning and sanctifying grace of God and Jesus Christ, the 
 Saviour. Bishop Boehler obeyed the arbitrary decree, left the city 
 and took up his temporary abode on Long Island, but after ascer- 
 taining what was required by the civil law to empower a body of 
 Christians to enjoy the ministrations of such a preacher as they might 
 prefer, and complying therewith, the Bishop returned to the city." 
 
 After referring to the continued annoyances of the Moravians 
 in the province, he said: 
 
 "When Bishop David Mitchman and Rev. Augustus Spangenburg, 
 afterwards bishop, who accompanied the colonists to Georgia, passed 
 through the city in 1736 on their way to Pennsylvania, they became 
 personally acquainted with the members of this little circle, and 
 from that time they desired that a Moravian church might be estab- 
 lished in the city. Five years later, 1741, Bishop Boehler organized 
 a Christian society in connection with the Moravian church which 
 seems to have been composed of full communicants of other churches, 
 but who were dissatisfied with the worldliness that prevailed in their 
 own churches and were attracted by the simplicity and purity of faith 
 and practice exhibited by the earlier Moravians. 
 
 "In the year 1742 Rev. David Bruce was sent to look after the 
 Moravians, members of this society, residing in New York City, on 
 Long Island and Staten Island, and to preach for them. This is 
 the first mention we have found of Moravian labor on Staten Island. 
 None of the sources at command show precisely how the brethren 
 came to form acquaintance here, but it is possible that pious 
 members of the New York circle had friends and relatives resid- 
 ing on the island, who, through them, became acquainted with the 
 Moravians, and learned to value their simple piety, their evangelical 
 doctrine and exemplary practice, and invited them to preach here 
 occasionally. 
 
 "From 1742 to 1763 all the Moravians in the vicinity of New York 
 constituted one congregation, which had its church and pastor in 
 New York City. Ten clergymen served the church during this 
 
Richmond Borough Historical Exercises 789 
 
 period. Services seem to have been held in a school house on theRev.F.E, 
 Richmond road, in what is now called Egbertville, about three- "''"oert 
 quarters of a mile from the present church. 
 
 "In 1762 a letter was sent to Bethlehem, Pa., requesting that a 
 clergyman might be appointed to reside on Staten Island and take 
 full charge of the work. The request was granted and the Rev. 
 Hector Yambold was sent, arriving on August 17. The corner- 
 stone of the church was laid July 7, 1763, and on December 7 of 
 the same year the church was consecrated by Brother Yarrel of New 
 York. The first Board of Elders was organized May 18, 1788. The 
 first Board of Trustees was organized April 15, 1808, which is the 
 date of the act of incorporation of the Moravian church at New Dorp 
 as the United Brethren's Church on Staten Island. 
 
 "In addition to the church at New Dorp, the congregation has 
 two places of worship, one at Castleton Corners, the other at Great 
 Kills. In Great Kills regular preaching service was begun November, 
 1877. The new church was dedicated June 14, 1896. During last 
 year, 1908, Sunday school buildings were dedicated at Castleton 
 Corners and Great Kills. During the pastorate of the Rev. Mr. 
 Vogler, and in 1889, a congregation was organized there independent 
 of New Dorp. The church was dedicated during the pastorate of 
 the Rev. J. E. Weinland, November 24, 1895." 
 
 The Rev. T. L. Giffin, D. D., pastor of the Baptist Church Rev.T.L. 
 of Port Richmond, did not read a paper but spoke extempora- 
 neously about the Baptists of Staten Island. He said that they 
 commenced their work on the island in 1785, and named Rev. 
 John Gano as one of the first men who preached the gospel 
 from the Baptist standpoint. Elkanah Holmes was the first 
 pastor of the first church at Concord. The speaker mentioned 
 the spread of the denomination to other parts of the island, 
 saying that although the Baptists were the second largest 
 denomination in the country, they had never been very numer- 
 ous on Staten Island. At present, there were perhaps 1,050 on 
 the island, constituting six churches, with three others extinct. 
 The speaker was the pastor of the oldest surviving church. 
 As the first Baptist meeting-house on the island was built in 
 
790 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 1830, he could not claim that they were a very old denomination 
 there. He concluded by saying: 
 
 " May God help us all to realize that our place, however small it 
 may seem to be by others, is no small place in the great history of 
 God's people in this world." 
 
 Rev.C.A. The Rev. Charles A. Cassidy, pastor of St. Peter's Roman 
 Cassidy Catholic Church at New Brighton, said in part: 
 
 "Although the Waldensians were here before the Catholics, still 
 when they came they did their service well. Standing within the 
 shadow almost of the hills that were named after an Irishman, the 
 first Catholic Governor Dongan, and almost within a stone's throw, 
 comparatively speaking, of the historic church, St. Andrew's, where 
 rests the body of the father of one of our famous Catholic women. 
 Mother Seton, her father being the first Quarantine Officer of New 
 York, we feel it our privilege and our honor to speak a word, then, 
 for the Irishmen. 
 
 "Not far from here, in the old farmhouse called the 'Rose and 
 Thorn,' General William Howe, the British General, with his brother, 
 Sir Richard Howe, planned the famous battle of Long Island; and, 
 after the bloody events of that battle they captured an Irishman, 
 the famous General Sullivan, who was really, as has been said most 
 truly, the Sheridan of the Revolution; they brought him here to New 
 Dorp, treated him kindly, and, after some deliberation, Howe deter- 
 mined on sending him to the Continental Congress then assembled 
 at Philadelphia for the purpose of negotiating concerning a treaty 
 of peace. He went there, and, through his efforts, the commission 
 came to Tottenville to the old Billopp House, and all through the 
 events of that time General Sullivan was the guest of Sir Richard 
 Howe and General William Howe and all through the Revolution in 
 every place that our flag appeared the Irish were found. 
 
 "If they were not the first, they were never the last. At Lexing- 
 ton, at Cowpens, the Greenes and the Sullivans, all through the War 
 of 18 12 and up to our own present time, were ever prominent. They 
 did their duty, and, although I say it, the son of an Irishman, they 
 did it nobly; and the American people, irrespective of creed, have 
 reason to be proud of the work that they accomplished. 
 
 "So to-day, standing here on this platform with the representatives 
 
Richmond Borough Historical Exercises 791 
 
 of different creeds, the thought that most forcibly impresses itself 
 upon my mind, and if I understand the Chairman of this Celebra- 
 tion Committee aright, it is his thought, is the thought of the oblitera- 
 tion of that spirit of bigotry which unfortunately existed and has 
 existed so long, but which to-day is gradually being dispelled by the 
 Sun of Truth, because if one is enlightened, if one is in the least 
 cultured, bigotry cannot remain within his soul. We are all children 
 of God. We all love and delight to quote the brotherhood of man 
 and the fatherhood of God. So, if nothing else, this assemblage here 
 on the site of the first permanent settlement, the site of the first court- 
 house and the site of the first church, will, I trust, bring more equa- 
 nimity — a greater concord of feeling — and a more lovable disposi- 
 tion among all the inhabitants of this, our fair island." 
 
 The Rev. William E. Palmer, pastor of Trinity Methodist Rev. 
 Episcopal Church of West New Brighton, spoke the claims of ^' ' 
 his denomination, illustrating his remarks with many apt 
 anecdotes. He said that the Methodists, the largest denomina- 
 tion in the country at large, had their first church on Staten 
 Island in 1770 when Asbury first preached in a house, which, 
 a little later, held Woodrey. He spoke of the scholarship of 
 the Methodists from the days of Wesley, and of the support 
 which the denomination had given to the cause of education. 
 Speaking of the spirit of harmony which prevailed between 
 the different denominations at the meeting, he said: 
 
 "Father Cassidy quite won me and I am going to see him after 
 lunch, and suggest that he confine his claims to the territory of this 
 great land somewhat to the Roman Catholic Church, because I am 
 a Protestant Episcopal Methodist Catholic. Catholic is a very broad 
 word in its very nature, and it represents those that are broad, what- 
 ever their name. It is glorious that we are here to-day in harmony, 
 grasping each other's hand so cordially, as he and I just did, and as 
 all the rest of you will do. 
 
 "I would like to talk until night here, not boasting at all for my 
 denomination, but on the glories of this day, in which all the denomi- 
 nations and all phases of faith come together on such an occasion, 
 as true catholic believers, in the great God of the Romanist and the 
 
792 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Calvinist and the Armenian and the Moravian; the spiritual life when 
 the heart is strangely warmed by the power of the great good Father 
 over us. It is a great day to-day in which we are here illustrating 
 and emphasizing the fatherhood of God, and the brotherhood of men 
 — His children, all ot us, with our different phases of faith. The 
 rainbow would have been less beautiful with either the violet, the 
 blue or the red left out. The rainbow is looking across the heavens 
 with his glorious hand over us in his glorious fellowship to-day." 
 
 After- This concluded the morning exercises. 
 
 noon At 2 P. M. the ceremonies vs^ere continued, with Mr. Morris 
 
 as presiding officer. The afternoon exercises dealt more with 
 the secular history of the island. The addresses of Miss Mary 
 Wolcott Green, Mrs. Ira K. Morris, Dr. Darwin L. Bardwell, 
 President Cromwell, Mr. Reginald Pelham Bolton, Judge 
 Stephen D. Stephens and Mr. Eugene L. Richards, Jr., were 
 full of interest and it is a matter of much regret that the Umita- 
 tions of space prevent a full report of them in this chapter. 
 
CHAPTER XL 
 BRONX BOROUGH CELEBRATION 
 
 THE Borough of the Bronx had its full share in the Cele- 
 bration, not only participating in the events in Manhat- 
 tan Borough, but also having notable ceremonies within 
 its ovpn borders. The arrangements for the local celebrations 
 were made under the direction of the Bronx Committee, of 
 which the Hon. John J. Brady is Chairman and Mr. Augustus 
 W. Schlemmer Secretary, with the cooperation of many sub- 
 committees and public-spirited individuals. The headquarters 
 of the Bronx Citizens' Committee were in the Bronx Building, 
 on the northeast corner of 177th street and Third avenue. 
 
 The frontage of the Borough on the Hudson River gave its Various 
 citizens a fine vantage ground for viewing the naval parades, 
 aquatic sports, and other events on that historic stream, from 
 the opening day until the end. The dedication of the Hudson 
 Monument at Spuyten Duyvil on Monday, September 27, to 
 which another chapter is devoted, leaves a permanent record 
 of the Celebration of which the Borough is very proud. The 
 citizens of the Borough also entered with enthusiasm into 
 the Banquet on Tuesday evening the 28th, the great parade 
 in the Borough on Wednesday, the 29th, the music festival on 
 Friday, October i, the athletic meet at Crotona Park on Satur- 
 day, October 2, the remarkable exhibitions at the Zoological 
 and Botanical Gardens, the Children's Festivals, the public 
 lectures, the school competitions, etc., all of which, except the 
 parade of the 29th, and the athletic meet on the 2d, are described 
 in other chapters. 
 
 The civic and miHtary parade on Wednesday, September 29, Civic 
 was the largest ever held in the Borough. Fifteen thousand ^.^ 
 persons were in line, and spectators to the number of from Parade 
 793 
 
794 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Civic 100,000 to 250,000 according to various estimates, filled the 
 
 ^.j. sidewalks, grand stands, porches and windows for a distance 
 
 Parade of two and a half miles along Washington avenue from the 
 
 starting point at i62d street to the place of dismissal at iSzd 
 
 street. The line of march was gay with decorations and 
 
 fluttering colors. 
 
 The official reviewing stand was on Washington avenue 
 between 178th and 179th streets. Upon it were Mayor Mc- 
 Clellan, Borough President John F. Murray, ex-Borough 
 President Louis F. Haffen, Magistrate A. C. Butts, Mayor's 
 Counsel Crowl, General Chappell, Captain Charles Baxter, 
 Coroner Schwannecke, Senator Schultz, Major-General J. W. 
 Keifer, Mr. A. W. Schlemmer, Hon. James L. Wells, Assembly- 
 man P. J. Schmidt, Judge Shell, Mr. Richard W. Lawrence 
 and other prominent citizens. 
 
 The parade started a few minutes before noon at which time 
 it was expected that the historical floats, which were on the way, 
 would arrive to take their place in the line. On account of the 
 great size of the floats and the difficulties of transportation, 
 however, they were half an hour late, thus making a gap in the 
 procession. But this hiatus gave the spectators an opportunity 
 to turn their gaze skyward and behold an unexpected sight 
 presented by a dirigible balloon floating over the Borough. 
 Order The order of the procession was as follows, interspersed with 
 
 bands of music: 
 
 of the 
 Parade 
 
 Platoon of Mounted Police. 
 Grand Marshal 
 Major David Wilson. 
 Chief of Staff 
 Captain Joseph I. Beny. 
 Aides 
 Major Clarence W. Smith. 
 Captain E. M. Dillon. 
 Captain Harrie Davis. 
 Lieutenant William A. Boyd, M. D. 
 Lieutenant Frank H. Hines. 
 Lieutenant William B. Short. 
 Lieutenant Samuel E. McRickard. 
 
Bronx Borough Celebration 795 
 
 Commander Philip Hublitz, G. A. R. Order 
 
 Adjutant Albert Baiseley, G. A. R. of the 
 
 Civilian Staff of Bronx as Escort. Parade 
 
 First Division 
 
 Battalion Coast Artillery, United States Army 
 
 Major Frank E. Harris, Commanding. 
 
 Sailors and Marines, United States Navy 
 
 Commander Spencer S. Wood, Commanding. 
 
 Second Battery, First Battalion, Field Artillery, N. G. N. Y. 
 
 Captain Lansford F. Sherry, Commanding. 
 
 Second Division 
 Colonel Joseph A. Goulden, Commanding. 
 Grand Army of the Republic 
 Oliver Tilden Post, No. 96. David Wilson Camp, No. 59. 
 
 Vanderbilt Post, No. 136. United Boys' Brigade of America. 
 
 Garrison 63, Army and Navy Union. Seventh Regiment, New York State Division, 
 
 Spanish-American War Veterans. Colonel Arthur C. Clark, Commanding. 
 
 Theodore Roosevelt Camp, No. 10. Oliver Tilden Camp, No. 26, S. O. V. 
 
 Third Division 
 Hon. Charles F. Mehltretter, Commanding. 
 North Side Board of Trade. Aurora Maennerchor. 
 
 South Bronx Property Owners' Association. Gesangverein Harmonie. 
 
 East Tremont Tax Payers' Association. Marion Club of the Bronx. 
 
 Claremont Heights Property Owners' Associa- Westchester Tennis Club. 
 
 tion. Northwestern Athletic Club. 
 
 Property Owners' Association, Mapes Estate. Mott Haven Athletic Club. 
 
 Hish Bridge Tax Payers' Alliance Bronxdale Athletic Club. 
 
 Morrisania Plattdeutsche Club. Pennant Athletic Club. 
 
 John Trick Association. Mohawk Athletic Club. 
 
 Melrose Yacht Club. Bronx Local Bartenders' Association. 
 
 Melrose Turn-Verein. 
 
 Fourth Division 
 Colonel John E. Kirby, Commanding. 
 United States Volunteer Life Saving Corps, North End Democratic Club. 
 
 (with Life Boats), Commodore Augustus G. Excelsior Democratic Club. 
 
 Miller Commanding United Bohemian Democratic Organizations. 
 
 Exempt Firemen of Westchester (with apparatus). United States Volunteer Life Saving Corps of 
 Union Republican Club. University Heights. 
 
 Republicans of the 33d Assembly District. Exempt Firemen of Morrisania. 
 
 Fifth Division. 
 Captain Eugene H. Gates, Commanding. 
 St. Augustine's Church. St. Angelus Holy Name. 
 
 St. Joseph's Lyceum St. Philip Neri Holy Name. 
 
 Sacred Heart Church Holy Name. St. Phihp Neri Catholic Club. 
 
 St. Roch's Holy Name. St Mary's Catholic Club. 
 
 St. Anthony's Holy Name. St. Philip Neri Societa Maria Assunti. 
 
 St. Joseph's Holy Name. 
 
796 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Order Si.xlh Division. 
 
 **^ *^^ Mr. Alphonse Weiner, Commandine. 
 
 Parade 
 
 Bronx Lodge 876, 1. O. O. F. Bronx Aerie 491, Eagles. 
 
 Unionport Lodge 876, 1. O. O. F. Morrisania Camp, 12684, M. W. of A. 
 
 Court Germania 79, F. of A. Woodstock Camp, M. W. of A. 
 
 Court Bronx 160, F. of A. Tremont Council, U. A. M. 
 
 K. of C. Madonna Council 348. Paul Jones IIJ, U. A. M. 
 
 K. of C. Lucayos Council 
 
 Seoenth Division. 
 Mr. Matthew J. Harrington, Commanding. 
 Matthew J. Harrington Association (Pioneers) Catholic Benevolent Legion. 
 
 Ancient Order of Hibernians Division No. 5. Figli di San Bartholomee. 
 
 Ancient Order of Hibernians Division No. 41. Societa Bagnoli del Trignio. 
 
 Bunker Hill Club. 
 
 Eighth Division. 
 
 Float: "Season of Blossoms." 
 
 Escort, Improved Order of Redmen Tribes. 
 
 Float: "Season of Fruits." 
 
 Escort, Improved Order of Redmen Tribes. 
 
 Float: "Season of Hunting." 
 
 Escort, Arion Liedertafel. 
 
 Float: "Season of Snow." 
 
 Escort, Webb's Academy of Shipbuilding. 
 
 Ninth Division. 
 
 Hon. John A. Hawkins, Commanding. 
 
 Float: "Marinus Willetfs Exploit." 
 
 Escort, Bronx Lodge, No. 871, B. P. O. Elks. 
 
 Float: "Nathan Hale." 
 
 Escort, School of Medicine Students of Fordham University. 
 
 Float: "Old Time Punishment." 
 
 Escort, Fordham Camp, 146, W. of the W. 
 
 Tenth Division. 
 
 Mr. John V. McEvily, Commanding. 
 
 Float: "PuUing Down Statute of George HI." 
 
 Escort, Jackson Democratic Club. 
 
 Float: "Washington's Coach." 
 
 Escort, Giovanni Verrazzano Club. 
 
 Float: "Old Broadway Sleigh." 
 
 Escort, United Polish Societies. 
 
 The police arrangements were in charge of Inspector Flood, 
 who, with about i,ooo men under his command, had little or 
 no trouble in maintaining perfect order as the crowd was in 
 good humor. 
 
CHAPTER XLI 
 BRONX BOROUGH BANQUET 
 
 THE Bronx Borough banquet on Tuesday evening, September 
 28, in Ebling's Casino at 156th street and Eagle avenue, 
 was a brilHant affair. The large hall was artistically 
 decorated with flags and bunting of the national and the Hud- 
 son-Fulton colors. Graceful festoons of white with gold trim- 
 mings were looped from the center to the sides of the hall, 
 where they mingled with the colors of Holland; and flowers, 
 plants and greenery added to the charm of the scene. Thirty- 
 six round tables, each seating six guests, were arranged for the 
 company. 
 
 Justice John J. Brady presided. With him at the table ofPromi- 
 
 honor were Governor Huehes, President P. F. McGowan of°®°' 
 
 ° Guests 
 
 the Board of Aldermen, Comptroller Herman A. Metz, Mayor 
 
 George C. Raymond of New Rochelle, Chancellor Henry M. 
 
 MacCracken, Borough President John F. Murray, Major- 
 
 General J. Warren Keifer, Borough President Bird S. Coler 
 
 of Brooklyn, ex-Tax Commissioner James L. Wells, and Dr. 
 
 Cook, the explorer. 
 
 Directly below the table of honor, on the main floor, was 
 another table for distinguished guests, at which were seated 
 the members of the Governor's staff and escort, including 
 Colonel Treadwell, Lieutenant F. H. Hines, Major David 
 Wilson, First Lieutenant William A. Boyd, M. D., First 
 Lieutenant Crossett, Captain Simmons, Captain Joseph J. 
 Berry, Major Dyett, Congressman Joseph A. Goulden, and 
 former Borough President Haffen. 
 
 The after-dinner exercises were opened by Justice Brady, 
 who extended a brief welcome to the guests and then intro- 
 797 
 
798 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 duced Governor Hughes. The speaking then proceeded in 
 the following order: 
 Governor GOVERNOR HUGHES: "Chairman Brady, Fellow Citizens, 
 "^ ^^ Ladies and Gentlemen: I am very glad of an opportunity to take 
 part in this important Celebration in the Borough of the Bronx. I 
 am glad to reach the farthest north in this great City of New York. 
 The Celebration has gone so far that we may pronounce it a distin- 
 guished success. It would be difficult to imagine a spectacle more 
 representative of the various forces that have contributed to our 
 prosperity than that we have witnessed this afternoon in the great 
 historical parade. It reflected credit upon the citizens who have so 
 unselfishly given their time and their effort to make possible a worthy 
 commemoration of the anniversary of the great discovery, and also 
 the anniversary of the invention which did so much to secure the reali- 
 zation of the finest fruits of that discovery. But the best exhibit that 
 I have seen in connection with this Celebration has been the people 
 themselves. It is impossible to look upon the great throngs that 
 have filled our avenues and have lined our river, and to observe 
 their good humor and orderly behavior, their exultation in the Cele- 
 bration, and at the same time their self-restraint, without feeling more 
 proud ofthe people ofNew York than of anything else connected with 
 the Celebration of the great discovery and the great invention. 
 
 "New York has grown vastly. Its commercial and industrial 
 development have been extraordinary. We may here fitly notice 
 the increase in its area. I have the pleasure to-night of address- 
 ing the noble frontiersmen of the City of New York. You have 
 been pushing your conquests steadily forward. Temporarily, 
 you have reached the city of Yonkers. I am not a prophet, but those 
 of us who have thought of the steady progress northward in 
 this great community wonder what the limit of Bronx activity 
 may mean. Certainly we find cause for congratulation in the 
 fact that in these areas which have been recently added to our 
 Metropolis, there will be afforded an opportunity for the home life, 
 the cultivation of individuality under proper environment, the spread 
 and housing of a contented people, neither rich nor poor, who are 
 essential to the maintenance of the prosperity of the great city. 
 
 "We have on this Island been accustomed to note the unfortunate 
 congestion of the multitudes of the people. We may well, in this anni- 
 
Bronx Borough Banquet 799 
 
 versary hour, also take note of the opportunity of the future that lies Governor 
 in the outlying boroughs of Queens, Brooklyn, Richmond, and notably ^"^ ®® 
 the Bronx. Here there will be in the next few years a development 
 which will require a fitting Celebration. The center of power has 
 long been in Manhattan, but it is destined to be found in the 
 future in the outlying boroughs, particularly the Bronx, Queens and 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 "The other day when I was at the State Fair and took occasion 
 to refer to the prominence of the State, particularly with refer- 
 ence to agricultural products, I pointed out the fact that with 
 respect to certain products, counties of the State of New York took 
 the lead over all the counties of the United States. St. Lawrence 
 was first with respect to dairy produce and dairy cows and hay and 
 forage. Other counties were first in certain other agricultural pro- 
 ducts. In the State of New York, one of the boroughs of the city of 
 New York as a county was first with respect to miscellaneous vege- 
 tables. I refer to Queens. Thus we have within the limits of the 
 city a place of great agricultural prominence in the past, which is 
 destined to become like your fortunate borough, a city of homes. 
 
 "Now, we are celebrating great heroes, and it is well that we 
 should quicken our sentiment and patriotic feelings by having placed 
 before us the example of men who could not be terrified by danger, 
 or in any way discountenanced by obstacles, but who pursued their 
 way unflinchingly to the desired end. We rejoice to-day in the intre- 
 pidity and daring of those who have assailed the dangers and perils 
 of the frozen north, and put the American flag at the top of the world. 
 
 "This is a city of heroes. We had heroic work in times past 
 in connection with the War of Independence, and this part of 
 our city and that which lies to the west and the south, have been 
 the scene of most important events in connection with that great 
 struggle. We have had heroes of enterprise, heroes of invention, 
 heroes in the world of literature, science and art. This has been 
 a place of extraordinary eff"ort and hither have been drawn the brains 
 of the country. Here have been drawn the hardiest, the worthiest, 
 and the most alert and aggressive of all the peoples under heaven, 
 and here we are fused in a happy community, representing many 
 forces which have aided in the development of other countries, and are 
 now making this country the greatest on earth. 
 
8oo The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor "While we would sing the praises of heroes, we must not forget that 
 Hughes (j,g yfQ^l^ has not been done simply by distinguished individuals who 
 in a preeminent degree have realized our ideals in their lives of devotion 
 and successful effort. I would to-night, at this hour of Celebration, 
 sing the praise of the ordinary every-day worker and toiler in the 
 various fields of industry, in professional activity, in every line of 
 honorable effort, whose work in the last analysis has been the essential 
 condition of all we praise to-day. New York is fortunate because it has 
 had great men, in commerce, in finance, in law, in medicine, in 
 science, in every particular field of effort. But a few great men could 
 not make New York. A few distinguished men, however important 
 might be their particular deeds, could not make a great metropolis. 
 This city is great — destined to become greater — to-day the marvel 
 of all the world, and attracting the special representatives of the 
 civilized nations of the earth to commemorate its progress, — because 
 of the work of the average man in his daily field. 
 
 "Here is the high level of attainment — not simply of those dis- 
 tinguished by superior talents, but of the ordinary man of affairs. 
 We have this high level of attainment because, as I have said, we draw 
 so heavily upon the brains and the energy of the rural communities 
 of our own State and of the communities of other States, and notably 
 from the great nations in Europe. 
 
 " It is true that we are constantly sending forth men to fructify this 
 country. As I have gone through the country on one occasion or 
 another, I have been amazed at the number who have come to me and 
 told me that they were from the State of New York. It seemed to me at 
 times as though there were only New Yorkers in the West, and that 
 all through the great West New York was at work; and in a large 
 sense, that is true, just as it is true that New England is at work; and 
 that the Middle West is at work in the farther West, and that this is 
 a country not only of great commercial exchanges, but of more remark- 
 able interchanges of human units, units of extraordinary energy and 
 talent. 
 
 " But New York not only fructifies other parts of the country, but 
 it is also constantly drawing to itself the most successful from every 
 part of the Union. It is the clearing house of business. It is, even 
 in professional work, the place to which the talented resort and 
 find the most profitable employment. At the same time it is 
 
Bronx Borough Banquet 80 ] 
 
 the place where the average worker is at his best and where the multi- Governor 
 tude are at their best, representing in the average undertaking the "^ es 
 highest levels of achievement. We have been thinking a good deal 
 in these days of expanding industry — how extraordinary are the 
 marvels of scientific achievement in this town — thinking of the men 
 who have made the wonderful inventions possible; we must also 
 remember the men whose names are not known, but whose constant 
 work in the laboratory, whose patient fidelity in every line of research 
 have finally, by the succession of a great number of experiments, 
 made possible the generalization of inventive genius. 
 
 "Then here is an army, in our community, of men representing 
 the highest degree of scientific attainment, in fighting the great enemy 
 of progress — disease. If we would call the roll of the notable 
 achievements of the last quarter of the century, we should find the 
 greatest of all not represented in the battleships in yonder river, but 
 in those extraordinary victories of medicine and surgery which pro- 
 tect the common life, and to whose results the poorest in our city 
 have free access by reason of our generous philanthropy. In taking 
 account of our progress I would not forget our hospitals, our dispen- 
 saries, our institutions for research. I would not forget the forces 
 that are now gathered together to make war on the great white 
 plague. I would not forget the thousand agencies by which we 
 are seeking to make life easier, more fruitful, more wholesome for 
 all our people. 
 
 "We have to-day in this Celebration a means for enforcing the 
 sentiment of community. We are a composite people. We have 
 every race and every creed. We have, thank Heaven, toleration and 
 almost a complete absence of bigotry. We are anxious to recognize 
 the best in all and only desirous to have an opportunity to do the best 
 of which we are individually capable; but we must more completely 
 recognize our united interests as a people in this great city. We must 
 feel that we are one community; not separate units struggling against 
 each other, not seeking simply to attain individual success without 
 regard to the fortune or hazard of our neighbor, but that we are here to 
 live together and to make this great city the greatest on earth, not 
 simply because of its wealth or its commercial exchanges, but because 
 here rich and poor dwell together in amity because the poor man's 
 rights are respected and the rich man's wealth is honestly attained. 
 51 
 
8o2 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor "That is the ideal of this great city. We must enforce the demands 
 Hughes qJ- hun^an brotherhood. We must think not of those living under 
 congested conditions in certain parts of our city simply as the proper 
 recipients of charity or of sympathy; but we must realize that they 
 are citizens with equal rights, that we have by virtue of good fortune 
 a superior obligation, and that we must make life as sweet as pos- 
 sible for every dweller within our borders. And so shall we, in this 
 Metropolis, make worthy in future generations the commemoration 
 of the discovery which led to the founding of the Metropolis, and 
 of all the inventions which add to our own comfortable living and to 
 the facility of our intercourse. 
 
 "I hail you, Citizens of the Bronx, because of your notable 
 opportunities and resources. Let us feel in all the Boroughs that 
 we are united — one people of many races, but of one spirit. Let us 
 cherish the American ideal, and let us seek to realize it here by making 
 this the choicest city, in the happiness and well-being of its people, 
 on the face of this globe." 
 
 CHAIRMAN BRADY: "The name of no man, gentlemen, is so 
 much before the public, not before the public of this City, of this 
 State, of these United States alone, but before the public of the entire 
 world, as the name of the guest whom I will now present to you, the 
 Arctic explorer, the discoverer of the North Pole — Dr. Frederick 
 A. Cook." 
 
 Dr. F. A. DR. FREDERICK A. COOK: "Gentlemen, Fellow Explorers: 
 Cook It affords me great pleasure to meet my friends of the Bronx on such 
 an auspicious occasion. Your gathering to do honor to Hudson and 
 Fulton fits the sentiment of the men whom I represent very well, for 
 both were prime movers in the early days of Arctic exploration. 
 Henry Hudson made a record of reaching farthest north on the east 
 coast of Greenland. That record was only surpassed in the early 
 part of the last century. Fulton made modern highest navigation 
 possible. Genuine explorers were these, and I am sure that I express 
 the sentiment of the Arctic Club, of the Explorers' Club, when I say: 
 All honor to Hudson and Fulton. Let us sing their praises from 
 pole to pole." 
 
 CHAIRMAN BRADY: "Gentlemen: I now take pleasure in 
 presenting Major-General J. Warren Keifer, of Springfield, Ohio, 
 
Bronx Borough Banquet 803 
 
 a present member of Congress and former Speaker of the House in 
 the 47th Congress. Gentlemen, I take pleasure in introducing General 
 Keifer." 
 
 MAJOR-GENERAL J. WARREN KEIFER: "My Fellow Maj.-Gen. 
 Countrymen: I feel greatly flattered in being invited to be present with J; ^"^ 
 you here to-night, to meet the distinguished people here. Your 
 Congressman from this Bronx district has been partial to me, although 
 he and I do not always agree politically; but he was a soldier, and he 
 is a statesman, and above all else he is a gentleman. 
 
 "I looked in the Congressional Directory to see if I could find out 
 anything about his constituency, and I found them in numbers exceed- 
 ing that of any other Congressional representative in the United 
 States, there being an estimated population in his district of about 
 415,000, whereas the apportionment is on the basis of 192,182. He 
 represents, then, four hundred and odd thousand of the active con- 
 stituency of this district. 
 
 "When the Constitution of the United States was framed they 
 thought 30,000 was about the number a Representative should have. 
 If Mr. Goulden was to be divided up now he would make fourteen of 
 that class. I am not going to forget that I am here in this great city; 
 I may have a right to speak here because about 1648, some time 
 after Hudson discovered the Hudson River, my most ancient great- 
 grandmother, as far as we can trace it, was with the Dutch in New 
 Amsterdam; and she married a man by the name of Richard Stout, 
 and according to the reports and historical traditions, they had more 
 children than they usually have now, and their descendants are every- 
 where over the United States. Therefore, I have a little title to be 
 in New York. New York City (and I am not to speak to that toast) 
 represents more of enterprise, progress, commercial progress I might 
 say, and more of accomplished things in the period of three hundred 
 years than is represented by any other city that ever existed on the 
 globe. Its population now far exceeds that of the thirteen colonies in 
 the days Vv^hen we fought for independence. There is nothing that 
 does not make you great, but, particularly, as typifying the whole of 
 the United States, we have here in New York the races of all nations, 
 and you have treated them properly; though heterogeneous in the 
 coming, they are becoming homogeneous, and that is the great thing 
 that has made America great in all things. 
 
8o4 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Maj.-Gen. "But I am to speak of the Nation they say. After hearing the 
 
 J. Warren g^udite and versatile Governor of your State speak of New York, and 
 
 knowing that he fell short in his brief address of saying all that could 
 
 be said of New York, what am I to say of the Nation ? A little 
 
 reminiscence, and I am going to be brief. 
 
 "Not long after the Hudson was discovered, the romantic John 
 Smith started up what turned out to be Chickahominy Creek in 
 Virginia, in a boat with a few people with him. He had a royal 
 commission from the King of England, charging him to do certain 
 things. One was to find where the whitecaps of the Pacific Ocean 
 rolled over its shores and met the headwaters of the stream; another 
 was to ascertain where the largest ships of that day could pass through 
 into the Indian Ocean; and the third was to find a place for settlement 
 of the English people. His career was cut short before he could 
 accomplish either of these purposes. But what has happened since 
 his day ? What has happened to this nation, great in area ? Before 
 the Spanish-American War we measured our country longitudinally 
 and we found the center of it to be 292 miles west of San Francisco, 
 in the Pacific Ocean. To-day it is way off near Honolulu. Why, 
 did you ever think of the area of our country? If you will measure 
 180 degrees east and west from Maine, you will only compass the 
 area of this country. 
 
 ".\s I was sitting this afternoon watching the great parade, I could 
 not help but think of the wonderful developments that had been 
 made in this great land. I am almost as old as the first railroad 
 built in the United States. I am older than the telegraph, and I have 
 witnessed the growth of many things. But this country, my friends, 
 is great in other ways. It is great in individual achievement greatest 
 of all in what it has done for the individual. 
 
 "Liberty sometimes is spoken of as though it were a catch word 
 for the populace, but liberty is the simplest thing in the world if v/e 
 interpret it rightly. What is meant by individual liberty is not license, 
 but liberty under law. Any man is a good patriot who stands firmly 
 for personal, individual rights and fights for them, if necessary; 
 but he is only half a patriot if he does not go the other step and do 
 the same thing for his neighbor's rights. That is all there is in the 
 question of individual liberty. 
 
 "My friends, I am not going to talk about the discovery of the Hud- 
 
Bronx Borough Banquet 805 
 
 son River, for you are all familiar with it, nor ami going to talk about Maj.-Gen. 
 the discoverer or discoverers of the North Pole. We have had our ^ ^^"^^ 
 'doubting Thomases' before. Why, when Fulton, on the 17th of 
 August, 1807, started up the river to Albany, with his side-wheel 
 steamboat, and returned on the 2ist of August, there were men who 
 said his feat was impossible, that he could not possibly have gone to 
 Albany and back in four days. I am glad to see the great redoubtable 
 Dr. Cook here. I believe, and I know you all believe, that he has 
 been to the North Pole. 
 
 "Webster, in speaking of the extent of the British Empire, said, 
 'Its drum-beat follows the sun in its course, keeps pace with the 
 hours, and circles the earth with one continuous strain of the martial 
 music of England.' What shall we say of the United States ? Why, 
 my friends, the sun never ceases to shine upon the territory of the 
 United States; it illumines the stars and stripes all around the world, 
 and reflects the glory of this great nation: 
 
 " ' God built this Empire for the last great act, 
 One splendid Empire, one plastic fact; 
 Its mountain ranges answer back the truth, 
 Its rivers see it in eternal youth, 
 Its plains unfolded to the setting sun — 
 One land, one tongue, one destiny and God." " 
 
 CHAIRMAN BRADY: "The next speaker is no stranger to a 
 Bronx audience. He is and always has been a consistent friend of 
 the Bronx and its people. I take pleasure in presenting Hon. Patrick 
 F. McGowan, President of the Board of Aldermen. " 
 
 HON. PATRICK F. McGOWAN: "Mr. Chairman and Gentle- Hon. 
 men: I was glad to receive an invitation to this feature of the Hudson- ^- ^• 
 Fulton Celebration. It is well known that the Bronx is a progressive 
 Borough. Governor Hughes might have included in his remarks 
 the statement that if it were not for the civic pride displayed by the 
 citizens of the Bronx, it never could have made the progress that it has. 
 
 "This is an occasion of celebration and good feeling. Because 
 the Comptroller is at one end of this table and Mr. Coler at the other 
 is no evidence of hostility, and I am reliably informed that the gentle- 
 men have kissed and made up, and that in the coming campaign 
 Mr. Coler is going to place his services at the disposal of the genial 
 Comptroller. 
 
8o6 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. "The Governor spoke about the northern part of the city and said 
 
 McGowan 
 
 that while he was not a prophet, he thought we were getting very 
 
 close on to Yonkers. A year ago last summer, while I was acting 
 Mayor, a delegation from Yonkers came to see me and talked about 
 making Yonkers a part of Greater New York. I asked them what 
 they had to offer. They said they had a large amount of territory. 
 I informed them that we had considerable territory ourselves. I 
 asked them about their tax rate. In their truthfulness they stated 
 that they supposed we would be very glad to annex them; they said 
 they had just increased the salaries of their school-teachers, had 
 increased the number of the police force and the fire department, so 
 that New York might help them to carry the burden. I haven't 
 heard anything of the proposition since. 
 
 "The Governor was kind enough to tell you how well behaved you 
 have been during this Celebration. He might have added if he was 
 as well acquainted with the fact as I am, that the police force has 
 displayed considerable promise and worth during this Celebration, 
 and has acted as only New York policemen can act. A large measure 
 of the praise and credit due for the splendid arrangements and the 
 carrying of them out, we owe to our splendid New York Police 
 Department. 
 
 "One could not help feeling as he watched the procession this 
 afternoon, that America is made up largely of representatives from 
 all over the earth; and so we know that no particular race may take 
 the credit to itself of having built up this country or having built up 
 this great city of ours. Well may Mr. Zangwill term his great play, 
 and callNew York, or call America, 'The Melting Pot of the Universe.' 
 
 "We watched the different periods pass by. First there was the 
 Dutch period, they who contributed their share to the advancement 
 to the city. Secondly, there was the English period. Let me say 
 that Governor Dongan, under an English Government, gave one of 
 the best charters to the City of New York that it has ever had; not 
 only a good charter in his time, but a good charter to look at at the 
 present day, and to take from it some of the laws which he laid down 
 for the government of the people of that time and apply them to the 
 government of the people of the present period. 
 
 "So they, too, have contributed their share to it, and all the races 
 that have come here have likewise contributed their share, not only 
 
Bronx Borough Banquet 807 
 
 to the upbuilding of the country, but to the upbuilding of the great Hon. 
 City of New York. All the races have contributed their share to the • " 
 upbuilding of the Bronx; and, as the great playwright has stated, 
 they are all put into the crucible. And what do we expect ? The 
 crucible burns the dross and it refines the gold, and in time we do 
 expect to see, as we have at the present time, the true type that God 
 Almighty Himself expected when He put man on earth, when He finds 
 him in the American gentleman. 
 
 "So this educational period which we are passing through at the 
 present time is well worth the money lavished upon it, is well worth 
 the effort and time that it has taken, and we sincerely trust that if we 
 are not here to celebrate the event one hundred years hence, at least 
 those who come after us will celebrate it in as fitting a manner as the 
 people of New York City have helped to celebrate it at the present 
 time. " 
 
 CHAIRMAN BRADY: "Gentlemen: Of the various parties who 
 have founded the greatness of our people and our City and State, 
 none is entitled probably to greater credit than those who have been 
 engaged in the education of our youth. We have with us to-night 
 the President of one of our local universities. I take pleasure in pre- 
 senting Chancellor Henry M. MacCracken of the University of New 
 York." 
 
 CHANCELLOR MacCRACKEN: "My name is not on the list Rev. 
 of speakers for to-night, and I think that the school teacher might H. M. 
 be permitted to keep still, because the whole city is engaged in the '^'^^c- 
 work of school teachers to-day and the present week. As has been 
 announced officially, by the Hudson-Fulton Commission, the work 
 of this week is preeminently an educational work. Since it is more 
 partaking of the work of teaching the community, I think the profes- 
 sional teacher may be permitted to sit in silence. 
 
 "I said to the Chairman that I would not make any speech, but 
 that I would make an announcement. I am going to ask my fellow 
 citizens of this borough to come, if they will, to the unveiling of the 
 bronze bust of Robert Fulton to-morrow afternoon, at four o'clock, 
 at University Heights in the Hall of Fame. Certain members of the 
 Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York have undertaken 
 the arrangements for the afternoon. One of the ex-Presidents is to 
 speak, who was President of the Chamber of Commerce for nearly 
 
8o8 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev- ten years, and the only other speaker is to be the President of the 
 
 "■ Chamber of Commerce of Old Amsterdam, in Holland — as our city 
 
 Cracken "^^'^ *° ^^ New Amsterdam. One of our fellow citizens of the 
 Bronx, Mr. Fairchild, is to unveil this memorial. 
 
 "May I say that I have been in Celebration all day. I began early 
 this morning down at old Washington Square, where we placed a 
 memorial to the school teachers. I felt that those who came over 
 three hundred years ago were not all Henry Hudsons, nor were they 
 Peter Stuyvesants, but some of them were just ordinary public school 
 teachers. And yet, as your Chairman has very kindly and truly 
 said, they also have some part in the making of the nation. And 
 hence, our university resolved some months ago to place a bronze 
 memorial at Washington Square in honor of the seven teachers who 
 taught under Dutch rule on Manhattan Island. That tablet was 
 placed there this morning, and a most fitting address was made by 
 one of the delegates from Holland — the only man from the delegation 
 who wears a title of nobility, but his great distinction is that he is a 
 great teacher — a teacher of law and economics, in the old University 
 of Utrecht, and I hope you may see something of his address that is 
 not crowded out by other matters in the papers in the morning. And 
 when you go up Washington Square, please look at the corner of 
 Washington Square and Waverly Place, and you will see there a 
 large tablet bearing the names of seven Dutchmen who taught school 
 on Manhattan Island between :he years 1630 and the end of Dutch 
 rule in the year 1674. 
 
 ' My fellow citizens of the Bronx, I have been trying to the best 
 of my knowledge and of my ability, as others have also been trying 
 for these fifteen years — almost a score of years now, since we first 
 made an investment in the Bronx, in the year 1891; and I believe 
 that the day will yet come when this Borough of the Bronx will be 
 the home of the greatest educational work of the Metropolis of the 
 United States of America." 
 
 CHAIRMAN BRADY: "One of the most pleasant experiences 
 of to-night was the announcement by President McGowan that the 
 warfare had ceased between Comptroller Metz and Bird S. Coler, of 
 the Borough of Brooklyn. Knowing their fighting qualities, we 
 anticipated that continued warfare would simply result in actual 
 annihilation. I am glad to hear that that is called off, and I 
 
Bronx Borough Banquet 809 
 
 think we could stand hearing a little from both. I therefore take 
 pleasure in presenting my friend, Comptroller Metz." 
 
 COMPTROLLER METZ: "Gentlemen: I don't know what is Hon. 
 left to say after hearing the Governor and Mr. McGowan and General „*'™^° 
 Keifer and so on. You are celebrating to-night the Hudson-Fulton 
 Celebration, thinking about the Celebration. As I sat and saw the 
 parade to-day, one of the Admirals leaned over to me and said, 'I see 
 Irish and I see Swedes, and I see Danes and I see French and I see 
 Assyrians. Are there no Americans ?' I told him, 'Yes, Tammany 
 Hall and some Indians.' But I said, 'Admiral, they are all New 
 Yorkers, every one of them; it doesn't take long for them to become 
 New Yorkers after they are here a while, either.' 
 
 "It certainly was a subject of pride to all of us to see the way the 
 crowd behaved and how it was handled. I know as a New Yorker 
 I was never so proud of the police force as I was to-day. There was 
 no grand stand play, there was no newspaper stuff about them. They 
 just went on the job, and nobody had the head, nobody but the plain 
 American citizen. They let each copper do his own work and do it 
 right, and we want to say that it is about time we quit criticising the 
 police force. If this Celebration does nothing but help us to realize 
 what a big town we have got, and how good it is and stop some of 
 the mudslinging, it will not be in vain. New York is a place to be 
 proud of, fit to live in and fit for any man to come to. 
 
 "You are here in the Bronx, and here you have made more material 
 progress in the last thirty years than in any part of the city. Let me 
 say to you that I am no fair-weather friend. If a man is my friend, 
 he is my friend through thick and thin. You owe a whole lot to 
 Louis Haffen. When I had a chance to come here to-night I believed 
 with all my heart that he had done more for his borough than any 
 other man has done for any other borough in the City of New York. 
 
 "I am not going to detain you, gentlemen. I am a long way from 
 the Bowery, and a longer way from Brooklyn. I am glad to be with 
 you. I simply hope that this Celebration, as I said before, will leave 
 one thing with us, and that is a greater love for our town, and a call 
 for the ending of the mud-raker. I thank you, gentlemen." 
 
 CHAIRMAN BRADY: "Gentlemen: I take great pleasure in pre- 
 senting President Coler of the Borough of Brooklyn, formerly 
 Comptroller of the City of New York." 
 
8 10 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. HON. BIRD S. COLER: "Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: I 
 
 " am always glad to accept an invitation to the Bronx. I am particu- 
 
 larly glad to be here to-night after Mr. McGowan announced the 
 peace pact between the Comptroller and myself. That is perfectly 
 true. There is always peace beyond the grave. I want to deny 
 absolutely the rumors that are going around that I have placed the 
 Comptroller's boom in a cache up in the north somewhere. I did not 
 do it. Neither did I refuse to take it on board my ship, but I will 
 admit that I helped scuttle the ship after it got on board. 
 
 "However it may seem, I agree with everything he has said to- 
 night. I agree that this Celebration will do more for New York and 
 the United States than any one thing that has occurred in recent 
 years. We are now celebrating progress, and celebrating the results 
 that have been obtained. All the rest of the time the newspapers 
 in particular are celebrating the mistakes of an individual whom they 
 do not like. In private business, if we make three successes out of 
 five, we get rich. If we should happen to make four out of five, we 
 would earn the world. Yet, in public life, if a man misplaces confi- 
 dence in one man out of four or five hundred, or through accident 
 in some form or other something unfortunate happens without his 
 knowledge, his enemies take up that one error and the papers repeat 
 it continually, and a thousand and one successes that he has made 
 have been forgotten in the mud-raking. There is no business man 
 here to-night who has been successful and accomplished anything 
 who cannot look back upon errors that he has honestly made. There 
 is not a banker in any large banking institution who has not had a 
 default or two defaults in his bank in the course of every single year. 
 "Now I know whereof I speak. If the Federal or the State govern- 
 ment would throw upon the canvas the errors that occur and flash 
 them before the public in great headlines, they would close up every 
 bank in the State of New York in two or three days. You will excuse 
 me for speaking on that line a little bit. I do not want to violate 
 the courtesy of the Committee, in any manner, but I do it because 
 for twelve years I have been in intimate touch with the greater rela- 
 tions of the City of New York, and I know what has been done and 
 what has been accomplished in this great borough of yours; and no 
 one regrets more than I do certain things that have occurred and I 
 believe unrighteously occurred in this borough. 
 
Bronx Borough Banquet 8 1 1 
 
 'As the Governor said, we want to make this the greatest city on Hon. 
 
 Bird 
 Coler 
 
 earth, and it can only be done by a continuance of a constructive 
 
 policy. A jackass can kick harder than any one of us. If I were to 
 throw a little joke at Metz, or he was to get off one at my expense, 
 the newspapers would give us a whole column in the morning, but 
 when either of us tries to do something for the good of the city, in the 
 way of initiating a great public improvement, for instance, they won't 
 give us a stickful of space. 
 
 "General Keifer said that this city has a population to-day greater 
 than the entire population of the thirteen colonies at the time of the 
 Revolution. In the borough of Brooklyn to-day we have nearly 
 two millions of people. Up here in the Bronx you have nearly half 
 a million of people. Now, with this wonderful growth, there is 
 naturally a tremendous amount of detail to carry on the business of 
 the city, and the city officials who have the carrying out of all this 
 detail should have the unqualified support of every citizen. 
 
 "I am very glad that I was able to aid your Committee in securing 
 the attendance here to-night of a celebrated Brooklynite — Dr. Cook. 
 
 "From the Borough of Brooklyn we have no jealousy of any other 
 borough. We can spread out over the whole of Long Island, as you 
 up here can spread towards the north. Let us all stand together for 
 our city, our State and the Nation." 
 
 CHAIRMAN BRADY: "Speaking about spreading to the north, 
 we have the Mayor of New Rochelle with us to-night, and I will ask 
 him to give us his ideas about it." 
 
 HON. GEORGE G. RAYMOND: "I thought I was only to be Hon. 
 here as an eater, and not as a speaker. In witnessing the ceremonies "• "• 
 incidental to this splendid Celebration, I have been wonderfully ^^^^j 
 impressed, and I cannot imagine how it is possible for any man not 
 to be proud of his citizenship in this great city. I think a great 
 deal of credit is due to your police force for the admirable way in 
 which they have handled the crowds. 
 
 "A great deal has been said about criticism of people in public 
 life. There is a lot of good in the world that we do not appreciate, 
 and I think there should be less criticism of men in official positions, 
 especially men who are trying hard to do their duty under adverse 
 circumstances. I understand a society is about to be organized to 
 
8i2 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 pick out the good points in the City of New York and advertise them 
 to the world at large. I think that is a good idea, and the quicker 
 that society is put on its feet, the better. 
 
 "I cannot say more, gentlemen, and I thank you very much for 
 the opportunity you have given me of being here on this occasion." 
 
 CHAIRMAN BRADY: "We have heard from representatives of 
 our sister cities and boroughs, and now we will hear from home. 
 I take pleasure in presenting Hon. John F. Murray, President of 
 the Borough of the Bronx." 
 
 Hon.J.F. HON. JOHN F. MURRAY: "Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen: 
 Murray j ^^ merely an accident. I am here in an official capacity, and, 
 without exceeding the bounds of etiquette, I think I may be true to 
 myself and to the borough, when I say that Louis HafFen ought to 
 have my place here to-night. I am not here in the capacity of a seeker 
 after office. I am content at the end of my term to return to business 
 life. I have no axe to grind, and after the first of January, I shall 
 again become a private citizen. I represent, in a measure, nothing 
 in the development of this borough. Louis Haffen does represent 
 the development of this borough. 
 
 "I am here, however, to extend a cordial welcome to all the guests 
 of this occasion, and to congratulate all those connected with this 
 banquet upon the splendid success with which it and the Celebration 
 in this borough has been carried through. 
 
 "In the development of the Bronx I have endeavored as a private 
 citizen in the past fourteen years of my residence here, among the 
 rank and file of its citizenship, to advance her interests to the best of 
 my ability. Outside of that I claim no credit whatever. I greet 
 you as citizens of the Bronx, proud as you are, and as I am of its 
 development and its progress. As the representative of the Bronx 
 to-night, as its head, I congratulate you upon the success you have 
 attained in this banquet and upon the success which the Bronx has 
 attained in its cooperation with the boroughs of Greater New York." 
 
 CHAIRMAN BRADY: "I desire to thank all the guests present 
 for their attendance here to-night, and to congratulate them upon 
 the splendid success of this affair, and I also desire to congratulate 
 the Banquet Committee upon the success which has followed their 
 efforts. I now declare the banquet closed." 
 
CHAPTER XLII 
 
 QUEENS BOROUGH CELEBRATION 
 
 ALTHOUGH the Borough of Queens was well represented 
 in the various events of the first week of the Celebration, 
 and particularly in such features as the parades, the 
 illuminations, the children's festivals, the prize competitions in 
 the academies and high schools, the public lectures, etc., which 
 are described in other chapters of this report, it seemed appro- 
 priate that that great Borough should have a special day devoted 
 to local celebrations, and Wednesday, October 6, was selected as 
 the date. The observances were in charge of the Queens 
 Borough Committee, of which Mr. Louis Windmuller is Chair- 
 man. The following pages, dealing with the history of the 
 Borough and the Celebration of Queens Borough Day, are 
 kindly contributed by Mr. Windmuller: 
 
 One of the curiosities in our Colonial history was the exchange Histor- 
 of New Amsterdam in 1667, by the treaty of Breda, for the "^"' 
 British possession of Paramaribo on the coast of South America. 
 But New York already had been conquered by the British in 
 1664 and this treaty merely legalized the English usurpation. 
 The efforts made by Dutch patriots, when this treaty was 
 promulgated, to magnify the merits of Guiana while they 
 ridiculed the group of "huts" which composed the scorned 
 New Amsterdam, are amusing at this date when that group of 
 "huts" has developed into the second city of the world. 
 
 The first English Governor of New York, Richard Nicolls, 
 hated the Dutch. He demonstrated his partiality to the 
 British on the occasion of every dispute which arose and 
 anglicized the Dutch names prevailing in almost every part of 
 the colony. Vlissigen became Flushing, Mespat(Maspeth), first 
 called Middleburgh, became Newtown, a name long honored, 
 until the town was christened Elmhurst recently. Rechquakee 
 
8 14 The Hudson- Fulton Celebration 
 
 was turned into Rockavvay; Jamaica being almost the only 
 town retaining its original appellation. All these settlements 
 were united and incorporated under the name of Queens 
 Borough in Greater New York on January i, 1898. 
 
 This Borough consists now of five wards: Long Island City, 
 (the ancient Hunters Point), Newtown, Flushing, Jamaica 
 and Rockaway, with a total area of 82,000 acres inhabited by 
 240,000 persons. When they wanted to join in the Hudson- 
 Fulton anniversaries it was found impracticable to draw them 
 together at any one of the five important centers; therefore it 
 was decided to have a special celebration at the same time in 
 each of the five wards. 
 Fire- O" Wednesday evening, October 6, the day set apart for 
 
 works the Queens celebration, the population of each ward assembled 
 at the spot selected by their respective chairmen as the most 
 • convenient, and enjoyed the finest display of fireworks ever 
 seen on the island. Beginning with reports of maroons, the 
 grounds were illuminated with lights ever changing in color 
 and brilliancy. Large rockets followed upon batteries of 
 jewelled mines. Then came brilliant displays of flowers, such 
 as primroses, violets, pansies and laburnum. Spider bombs 
 replaced chrysanthemums and stars followed Japanese blossoms. 
 The "piece de resistance" was the picture of Fulton's "Cler- 
 mont" with paddlewheels delineated in fire. The devil came 
 along teasing tailors on a field of the cloth of gold. Of his- 
 torical emblems which were displayed in fire, especially inter- 
 esting were the airships of German, French and American 
 constructions with Wright's in the lead; a complete repre- 
 sentation of the recently opened Queensborough Bridge; the 
 Queens' bouquet composed of the choiest flowers raised in the 
 Borough; and portraits of Hudson, Fulton and Chancellor 
 Livingston with 1609 and 1807 displayed in large letters. All of 
 these fireworks were seen simultaneously in each of the five 
 wards of the Borough. 
 
Queens Borough Celebration 815 
 
 Mr. John Anderson Leach, Chairman of the First Ward, F'"t 
 selected the vacant lots between Nott avenue and the Bridge 
 as a suitable spot; and there upw^ards of 10,000 persons 
 assembled to listen to the selected music which was skillfully 
 rendered by Professor Rosse's military band. The stand upon 
 which they played was decorated with bunting and strung with 
 electric lights. Mr. Henry C. Johnson, Sr., from Astoria, was 
 the orator. 
 
 Mr. Clarence Edwards, as Chairman of the Second Ward Second 
 Committee, had selected an unoccupied plot on high ground 
 in the heart of Corona. He reports that they had a brilliantly 
 illuminated grand stand, an excellent band of music, and 
 fireworks that pleased the largest throng ever assembled 
 in that section. The speeches were exceedingly interesting 
 and were enjoyed by all of the 4,000 or 5,000 persons who 
 came to hear them. The first address was by District School 
 Superintendent Franklin who spoke interestingly about the 
 relation of commerce to the progress of civilization, illus- 
 trating his theme by apt reference to the triumphs of Hudson 
 and Fulton. The Rev. Father O'Toole of Corona addressed 
 the assemblage upon the achievement of human energy guided 
 by a high sense of duty, illustrating his remarks by the patriotic 
 elements involved in the events celebrated. Rev. W. J. Peck 
 of Corona delivered a charming address on the patriotic and 
 moral features involved in the spirit of the Celebration. 
 The occasion was considered a great success and interested 
 many in the educational work which the Commission had in 
 mind. 
 
 The Hon. Joseph Fitch, Magistrate of the Second District Third 
 Court, had been elected Chairman of the Third Ward Com- 
 mittee. The stand was erected in the center of a plot which 
 the Lawrences once obtained from the Indians in exchange for 
 an axe. In this park the music and fireworks were enjoyed 
 by a large multitude who repaired to the old Town Hall of 
 
8i6 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Flushing to listen to an address by Hon. L. Bradford Prince, 
 a native of Flushing and ex-Governor of Arizona.* 
 
 Fourth Mr. John A. Booth, Chairman in Jamaica, represented the 
 " Fourth Ward and selected King Park, where almost the entire 
 population congregated to enjoy fireworks, music and the 
 oration of Mr. William J. Wyckoff,* of Jamaica. 
 
 Fifth Mr. Andrew McTigue, Chairman of the Fifth Ward, chose 
 
 Ward the corner of South street and Central avenue in Far Rockaway, 
 where some 20,000 people assembled to listen to the Hon. 
 Edward A. Maher, Jr., besides enjoying fireworks and music. 
 
 Concerts A full report of the German Concert of the United German 
 Singers of Queens in the Astoria Scheutzen Park, on the 
 evening of Monday, September 27, has been contributed for 
 the chapter on Music Festivals. 
 
 Naval Queens Borough's participation in the Naval Parade of 
 
 October i was one of the most enjoyable of its festivities. 
 Unable to secure otherwise for his colleagues sufficient accom- 
 modations, Mr. Windmuller chartered, at his own risk, the 
 steamer Montauk and induced Captain Jacob W. Miller to 
 assign this steamer, carrying four hundred Queens Borough 
 citizens, to the thirty-ninth place in the line of the Naval Parade. 
 Mr. John A. Booth, who with Captain Christensen assisted 
 Mr. Windmuller in the expedition, gives this account: 
 
 " The Hudson-Fulton Celebration in the Borough of Queens was 
 a pleasing and marked success. Each and every member of the Com- 
 mittee in charge entered into the affair whole-heartedly and their com- 
 bined efforts were more than appreciated. One of the most delightful 
 affairs connected with Queens' part in the Celebration was the day 
 and evening trip on the steamer Montauk to witness the naval 
 review. The day was a perfect one and the steamboat left her pier 
 in the East River with four hundred of Queens' most representative 
 citizens on board. The trip down the river and through the bay was 
 
 Parade 
 
 * The addresses by Governor Prince and Mr. WycUoff contait 
 that we give substantia! parts of them in the following chapter. 
 
Queens Borough Celebration 817 
 
 grand and our pleasure was increased by sweet music from the Hun- Naval 
 garian Band. Singular to relate, our boat was the nearest one to the 
 collision between the Clermont and the Halve Maene and many of 
 our fellow-excursionists procured snapshots of this remarkable inci- 
 dent. We fell in line and proceeded up the Hudson River, slowly 
 steaming past the warships of all nations and then returning to the 
 Lower Bay. After we had enjoyed a delicious repast furnished on 
 the steamer, we again steamed up the Hudson River to witness the 
 electrical display and fireworks along the banks of the river. Words 
 and pen fail to describe this beautiful and truly wonderful sight. 
 The return trip was but a repetition of this grand display, but prob- 
 ably the most wonderful of all met our eyes when, after we had 
 rounded the lower end of Manhattan and were steaming slowly up 
 the East River, we beheld that vista of electrical display upon the 
 Brooklyn, Manhattan and Williamsburgh bridges, with the Edison 
 Company building in the distance. This was, indeed, the culmi- 
 nation of the display, and we docked at Long Island City filled with 
 the thought of how great indeed was the creative force of man. The 
 ever present thought which had a tendency to sadden the heart dur- 
 ing the day was that after two thousand years of the teachings of 
 'the Prince of Peace' the civilized nations of the world are still obliged 
 to keep steel-clad and heavily armored battleships to destroy 
 mankind." 
 
 Almost everybody was pleased, and learned with satisfaction 
 later that the surplus of some $500 over and above the cost of 
 boat and other e.xpenses was left for the Legal Aid Society, a 
 charity which helps to right the wronged poor. 
 52 
 
CHAPTER XLIII 
 
 QUEENS BOROUGH HISTORICAL EXERCISES 
 
 A' 
 
 MONG the addresses delivered in the Borough of Queens 
 
 on Wednesday evening, October 6, the orations of Mr. 
 
 William J. WyckofF of Jamaica, and ex-Governor L. 
 
 Bradford Prince were of especial historical value. 
 
 Mr. W.J. ]^j. WyckofF, in the course of his oration at King Park, 
 Wyckoff . , ■' ^ 
 
 said: 
 
 "I talk to-night of a romance of history, a wondrous tale which 
 the wildest imagination of 300 years ago could not have conceived. 
 Three hundred years ago none but red men knew of the existence of 
 that great river we call the Hudson. Less than 300 years ago six 
 men landed on the little island of Manhattan and built three huts. 
 In 16 13 these six men were the entire white population of the present 
 City of New York, now containing nearly 5,000,000 people. What 
 great Empire of Antiquity, of the Middle Ages, or of modern Europe 
 can tell a story as marvelous as the story of New York ? 
 
 "Three hundred years ago the street in front of us (which we call 
 Fulton street) was an ancient Indian trail; countless generations of 
 red men had passed it in their visits to Long Island for wampum^ 
 money made from the heart of the clam shell. This Island was the 
 mint of the Indian from the Atlantic to the Ohio and to the Great 
 Lakes. The great Delaware tribes and the Iroquois, known as the 
 Five Nations and later as the Six Nations, had for countless ages 
 brought skins and furs to exchange with the Island Indians for 
 wampum. Three hundred years ago no white man had seen this 
 road in front of us, although as far back as Indian tradition went, 
 it was so old that its story was lost in the dawn of time. 
 
 "A little more than 250 years ago a company of men, some from 
 Hempstead, some from Eastern Long Island, some from Connecticut, 
 traveled west along this old trail, seeking a place to make their homes. 
 They stopped in front of the spot where we now stand, and built 
 their rude log houses between the old trail (leading to New York 
 harbor) and Beaver, now called Baiseley's, Pond or Lake, fencing 
 in the little village with a high palisade for protection from the Indians. 
 
Queens Borough Historical Exercises 819 
 
 These red men, the Jameco tribe, had their village further south Mr. W. J. 
 near the southern end of the lake. ^*' ° 
 
 "There was good reason for locating the new colony in this spot. 
 It was a rich, fertile, well-watered valley. Heavy timber grew all 
 around. It was on the trail for travel east and west, and its lake was 
 full of beaver. In those days gold and silver were unknown and the 
 common currency in the colony consisted of tobacco and beaver 
 skins, of which the latter were the most valuable. The foot of wam- 
 pum, the pound of tobacco and the single beaver skin were units of 
 value. The western end of Long Island was then a great tobacco 
 growing country. 
 
 "The settlers in 1656 quickly obtained a patent for the town from 
 Governor Stuyvesant and the Dutch West India Company granting 
 to the settlers named for themselves, their associates and successors 
 a tract of land substantially identical with the present Fourth Ward; 
 granting also certain political and governmental functions under the 
 name of the Town of Rustdorp. Already certain of the young Hol- 
 landers from Midwout and Breukelen in Kings county had farms 
 in the west end of the town. The Hollanders had introduced the 
 system of surveying town lands which was adopted by the new 
 English settlers. Every man received a house lot within the stockade; 
 a plantation of 10 or 20 acres; a wood lot in the hills, and a salt 
 meadow lot. The exact lines of these old plantation lots can be 
 identified in many parts of the town. The salt meadows and many 
 of the wood lots have retained the old lines. 
 
 "Many names of the early settlers are still represented in this 
 community, such as Ludlum, Everett, Denton, Creed and others. 
 About 1700 some of the younger people migrated to New Jersey. 
 Elizabethtown was practically founded by Jamaica people. 
 
 "The early settlers brought their church with them, and at a town 
 meeting resolved to build a town church which was located in the 
 center of the main street about in front of the Queens County Trust 
 Company. This was an octagonal church and was the home of the 
 first Presbyterian church in the United States which has maintained 
 a continuous existence. The Hollanders also worshipped in this 
 building until they built their own church. Under Lord Cornbury, 
 religious troubles were caused by his attempt to force people to support 
 the English church. 
 
820 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Mr. W.J. "The Dutch Reformed Church purchased their present site in 
 ^'^ ° 1715- Ahhough the congregation existed before, their records begin 
 in 1700. The Enghsh church records begin in 1 710. In 1704 Daniel 
 Whitehead, who owned the present site of the Dutch Reformed 
 Church, died, and his will provided: "I give to the town of Jamaica 
 the sum of twenty pounds towards the maintenance of a Grammar 
 School for the education of youths within the said Town." This 
 first attempt to promote learning and letters was followed for 200 
 years and made Jamaica one of the centers of learning. About the 
 close of the Revolution, in 1787, Union Hall Seminary received a 
 special charter for the education of young women. It was located 
 in the same spot, what is now called Colonial Hall, for over 100 years. 
 About the same time. Union Hall Academy, for the education of 
 young men, was opened, and continued until recently. It was on 
 the northwest corner of Union Hall street and the Long Island rail- 
 road. The present dwelling houses on that site constitute the old 
 Academy building, which was remodelled for residences. Dr. S. S. 
 Stocking had a large school for boys on Clinton avenue. The repu- 
 tation of these seats of learning was not national alone. Many students 
 from the West Indies and South America were educated here. 
 
 "During the Revolution, Jamaica was in the hands of the British. 
 After the Battle of Long Island, the Long Island Militia retreated 
 through this village. I can remember the rifle pits thrown up on the 
 side of the hill north of where we stand, to check the pursuit. The 
 display of fireworks to-night will be in these very pits. On this 
 retreat General Woodhull, in command of the Americans, was cap- 
 tured at Hollis, and brutally murdered by private soldiers under a 
 pear tree which is still standing. 
 
 "Rufus King, United States Senator from New York, Minister to 
 England, friend and adviser of Washington, in 1806 bought the 
 property on which we stand, and built the house you see. He was a 
 lover of trees and gathered in his yard most of the trees which grow 
 in temperate climates. Aubudon, the great naturalist, visited this 
 place and pronounced our collection of trees the finest in this country. 
 Here was born, lived and died John A. King, Governor of the State 
 of New York. John K. Hackett, America's most famous actor," 
 next to Forrest, was born on Fulton street where Hoff"man Boulevard 
 
Queens Borough Historical Exercises 821 
 
 On the same evening, the Hon. L. Bradford Prince, a native Hon. 
 of Flushing, and later Governor of New Mexico, who makes p^^■g 
 almost yearly pilgrimages to his native place, delivered the 
 following address in the Flushing Town Hall : 
 
 "No country in the world is so cosmopolitan in its population as 
 the United States. Its people represent all the nations of the earth. 
 
 "And so it has been from the beginning. The original coloniza- 
 tion was from many lands and represented many languages. The 
 Spaniards came to Florida and the far Southwest; the French settled 
 in the Carolinas and the Swedes in Delaware; the English founded 
 Virginia and the New England colonies, and the Dutch colonized 
 the banks of the Hudson at New Amsterdam and Fort Orange. 
 
 "During the last few years the successive anniversaries of the 
 early settlement have been celebrated in various parts of the country. 
 Eleven years ago, on July 12, I took part in the observance of the 
 300th anniversary of the first Spanish settlement in the Southwest, 
 at Chamita on the banks of the Rio Grande, in 1598, under Onate. 
 Two years ago hosts of people made a pilgrimage to the historic 
 shrine at Jamestown, to commemorate the first permanent English 
 settlement within the present boundaries of the Republic. Only a 
 month ago, I attended a meeting at Plymouth of the descendants of 
 the men and women of the Mayflower, who in a few more years will 
 celebrate their ter-centennial of the landing of the Pilgrims in 1620. 
 
 "And now New York is observing with stately ceremonial and 
 appropriate magnificence the 300th anniversary of its natal day, 
 choosing as its date the time of the discovery of the great river at 
 whose mouth it stands. And this is right and proper, for it is that 
 river, with its magnificent width and glorious scenery, that penetrated 
 in navigable form so far into the interior of the continent as to decide 
 the location of the great Metropolis of the new world. 
 
 "Many a man has builded better than he knew. Hudson, with 
 the one idea in view of discovering a western passage to the seas of 
 China and India and the riches of the Orient, sailed up the mighty 
 river whose broad waters he thought must be those of a strait, and 
 after reaching the head of the tide-water and thus learning his mistake, 
 returned to Manhattan and sailed back to Holland, a disappointed 
 man. He had failed in the object of his ambition, and it seemed as 
 if his life, with all its effort and hardship and self-sacrifice, had been 
 
822 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. in vain. And yet no man's fame is more secure to-day, and no man's 
 . name is better known among men. How could he have guessed, how 
 
 could the wildest imagination of man have conceived, that 300 years 
 after he had turned back in disappointment, his name should be borne 
 by the most majestic of rivers; that railroads and steamboats and 
 tunnels and streets should be called after him; and that the greatest 
 city in the new world, soon to be the greatest that has ever existed 
 upon earth, should devote weeks of time and millions of money to 
 the most enthusiastic and magnificent celebration of the discovery 
 which he made so long ago. 
 
 "It is only by the perspective of long time that we can rightly judge 
 of the importance of events. Many take place which at the moment 
 seem of vast interest; it may be some signal victory, it may be the 
 sudden rise of a ruler to almost unlimited power — but in a short time 
 defeat has caused the victory to be forgotten, and the death or down- 
 fall of the ruler left no vestige of his power. An Alexander may 
 conquer the whole known world and seem to change the course of 
 history, but in half a century nothing remains of the results of his 
 great victory. A Napoleon may overrun all Europe, destroy ancient 
 monarchies and found new kingdoms for his brothers and his marshals, 
 but in a single decade, the old boundaries are restored and the old 
 monarchs reign. 
 
 "We cannot judge at short range of the relative importance of 
 events. Those near at hand loom up as if their effect would be eternal. 
 It is like the scene in the foothills of a mountain range. When near 
 at hand, the adjacent hills cut off the view of the heights beyond. 
 But as you move out on the plain, gradually they shrink into mere 
 undultations, while the lofty peaks of the great range stand out in 
 all their majesty, and things are seen in due proportion. 
 
 "At the time of Hudson's voyage there were dozens of events that 
 attracted far more attention. There were the actions of Emperors 
 and Kings, while he was but a humble sea captain. There were 
 movements of great vessels and mighty fleets, while the Half Moon 
 was but an ordinary craft. Outside of a few of those interested in 
 Holland, the world did not even know of its existence. And yet, as 
 a result of that voyage, the great city of the western world was estab- 
 lished, and the center of population and activity in America fixed for 
 centuries, in the place where they are to-day, and which he discovered. 
 
 "The leaders in this Celebration have wisely linked with this 
 
Queens Borough Historical Exercises 823 
 
 discovery of 300 years ago the invention of the steamboat only one Hon. 
 century in the past. There was reason for this, because vfhile the . " 
 existence of the mighty river and its discovery were the foundation 
 of New York's greatness, its final supremacy came from the connec- 
 tion with the interior which resulted from steamboat navigation. In 
 the struggle between Atlantic cities for commercial leadership, it 
 was the command of the Hudson, supplemented by the artificial 
 extension of that river by the construction of the Erie Canal, that 
 brought success to New York. In the earlier days Newport possessed 
 more commerce and Philadelphia greater population. The Hudson- 
 Fulton Celebration commemorates the great causes which united to 
 make New York the Empire City of the west. 
 
 "The interest which is everywhere felt in the achievements of 
 Fulton is naturally increased in Flushing from the fact that to those 
 of middle age his name was one of the earliest household words. 
 When we went by steamboat to New York, we were landed at Fulton 
 Slip; the first city street that we saw was Fulton street; the first market 
 we visited was Fulton Market; the first ferry we crossed was Fulton 
 Ferry. Neither is it to be forgotten that for many years his daughter 
 was a resident of this village, and that her grandson is one of our 
 citizens to-day. 
 
 "So much has been said, and so well said, during the past ten days, 
 on the general subjects involved, that one would be rash to attempt 
 to add anything of that character. And therefore in speaking of the 
 results of the events which we celebrate I will confine myself entirely 
 to the Borough of Queens and especially to Flushing. 
 
 "The three old towns of Flushing, Newtown and Jamaica, as you 
 all well know, were settled soon after the establishment of New 
 Amsterdam, and during the period of Dutch control. Flushing and 
 Middleburgh, as Newtown was first called, were named after the two 
 towns on the Island of Walcheren on the coast of Holland, which 
 were then of large commercial importance and are still visited by 
 tourists as examples of quaint simplicity. Flushing was the first 
 to be populated and to receive a charter, and was followed by the 
 others in the order in which I have named them. This was the 
 natural sequence, as the settlers came from New England or from the 
 English portion of Long Island to the eastward, and naturally fol- 
 lowed the shore of the sound and its beautiful series of bays. 
 
 "The island was then well populated by Indian tribes, the Matine- 
 
824 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. cocks having a large settlement in Flushing, while the Canarsie and 
 ^■.^" Rockaway tribes occupied Jamaica and Newtown. They were 
 engaged in the pursuits usual in a seaside locality; in the catching of 
 fish and shellfish, and in the manufacture of wampum. Long Island 
 was practically the mint or money-making establishment for a large 
 section of the continent, and perhaps for that reason was called 
 Seawanhaka or Wamponamon, both of which names mean 'The 
 Place of Shells.' Mattauwake, its third name, is still specially appro- 
 priate as it signifies 'The Pleasant Land.' 
 
 "The island was densely wooded throughout its whole extent, 
 except the Hempstead Plain which even then attracted much atten- 
 tion as the only prairie existing east of the Mississippi. 
 
 "I will not go back to the early struggles of the settlers in subduing 
 the wooded wilderness to agricultural uses; their difficulties with the 
 Indians; their troubles with the Dutch authorities and the greater 
 ones with the English government after 1664; nor will I occupy any 
 time with the religious differences of those days and the consequent 
 persecution, nor even with the stirring events of the French and 
 Indian War and the Revolution. I will only ask your attention 
 briefly to the changes in conditions during the last century, in order 
 that you may appreciate the vast improvements that have been made 
 and recognize the labors of those who have gone before us, of which 
 we are now enjoying the advantages. 
 
 "In 1800 the total population of the present Queens County was 
 less than 10,000. In 1905 it had reached 198,000, and to-day con- 
 siderably exceeds a quarter of a million. Population is usually the 
 best measure of advance and improvement. It naturally brings with 
 it the vast number of appliances which are required for the use and 
 convenience of man. 
 
 "In that same year 1800, the method of traveling from Flushing 
 to New York was by the road to Jamaica and thence to Bedford and 
 Brooklyn, and by ferry from the latter to New York. As the ferry- 
 man could not afford to remain at the waterside and thus neglect his 
 farming work, he provided a horn conveniently hung up at the ferry 
 which could be sounded by any traveler desiring passage. There 
 was also a sloop which ran, wind and weather permitting, every 
 alternate day to New York. Soon after Fulton's triumph, a steamboat 
 replaced the sloop, the first of the new craft being called the Linneaus 
 in compliment to the Linnean nursery, and this was followed by a 
 
Queens Borough Historical Exercises 825 
 
 succession of boats, increasing in size and power — the Statesman, Hon. 
 Washington Irving, Island City, Enoch Dean, etc. — until the long ^- °- 
 line found its culmination in the beautiful iron steamboat, Flushing 
 which finally left the route for which it was especially built to do 
 patriotic service in Chesapeake Bay for the country in the days which 
 tried men's souls. 
 
 "The bridge across the creek, with its long connecting causeway, 
 after years of laborious effort, was finally built in the year 1800, and 
 opened on July i of that year; and with much exertion a direct line 
 across the Wallabout was constructed so as to decrease the distance 
 to the Brooklyn Ferry. 
 
 "A hundred years ago the village population was confined to the 
 three towns of Flushing, Jamaica and Newtown, with an old settle- 
 ment at Maspeth, and small hamlets near the shore at Hallett's Cove 
 and Rockaway, and on the East River north of Flushing afterwards 
 dignified by the name of Clintonville in honor of the great Governor, 
 and still later changed to Whitestone. In no respect does the vast 
 progress of the country manifest itself more clearly than in the con- 
 trast between these modest settlements and the multitude of towns 
 now literally covering the entire territory with their continuous system 
 of streets and their closely settled population. There were then no 
 incorporated villages or cities; Flushing was the first to secure official 
 local government in 1837, and Long Island City was not incorporated 
 until more than thirty years later. The first stone sidewalk was laid 
 on Bridge street in Flushing, about 1836; and the first paved roadway 
 was in the same thoroughfare as improved by local assessment with 
 cobblestone pavement, in 1853. 
 
 "Of places of worship a century ago, we had in Flushing the Old 
 Friends' Meeting House erected more than one hundred years before 
 and which still in its venerable age continues its religious work, and 
 St. George's Church which had been built in 1746; and from these 
 has grown the large number — now more than a score — of appro- 
 priate church edifices, many of which are stately and beautiful, 
 which now are found in all parts of the old township, from College 
 Point to Bayslde and Little Neck, and afford opportunity for worship 
 sufficient for the great population of to-day. 
 
 "The only school of real importance was the Union Hall Academy 
 in Jamaica, built and maintained by friends of education in the 
 
826 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. three towns; while to-day seats of learning of all grades, public and 
 ^•.^' private, are scattered broadcast throughout the borough. 
 
 "There was no public library in those days, and over half a century 
 elapsed before the Flushing Library Association was established in 
 June, 1858, to supply this long felt want. 
 
 "There were then no public buildings, while to-day we have halls, 
 courthouses and even armories, not only with all conveniences but 
 with every luxury of appointment. 
 
 "A century ago, the only postoffice in this section of Long Island 
 was at the Alley, where there was a group of buildings, four miles 
 east of Flushing, and it was a number of years thereafter before it 
 was moved to the village, in 1817, as a more convenient location. 
 
 "Railroads, of course, were unthought of then; but one of the first 
 lines in the State was that of the old Long Island railroad from 
 Brooklyn to Jamaica, which was opened in 1836. That was the total 
 length of the road for a number of years, until it was extended first 
 to Hicks ville in 1840, and ultimately to Riverhead and Greenport. 
 The Flushing railroad was opened in 1854 from Main street to 
 Hunters Point, where it was met by the steamboat running to 
 Fulton Market Slip. At the time of its completion there were but 
 a couple of houses at Hunter's Point in what is now the most 
 densely populated part of Long Island City. 
 
 "Of course, there were no gas works or water works in those days. 
 The Flushing Gas Company was organized in 1855, and water was 
 introduced in 1874, when the largest celebration which this town has 
 ever seen took place in this very Town Hall and your speaker had the 
 honor to deliver the address. 
 
 In 1809, the nearest newspapers were those published in New York. 
 Brooklyn was not supplied until long years after; while now the 
 whole field of Queens County is covered by excellent examples of 
 intelligent journalism, whose editions, both daily and weekly, not only 
 bring information of current events to every household, but are the 
 representatives of all local interests and the defenders and protectors 
 of the rights of the people. 
 
 "Thus, in every line of material prosperity, the century has shown 
 an immense advance. Were a citizen of 1809 to revisit the scenes 
 of his manhood, he would scarcely be able to recognize a single 
 landmark. Everything about us tells of progress and improvement 
 Truly we have a goodly heritage. 
 
Queens Borough Historical Exercises 827 
 
 "I have dwelt somewhat on this remarkable advance, not only as Hon. 
 a cause for rejoicing and congratulation, but rather to point a moral . • 
 as to our duties and responsibilities. The rule seems universal that 
 'One shall plant and another shall reap.' We are enjoying the advan- 
 tages of the labors of our ancestors. Everything which makes up 
 ordinary life to us has been obtained only by the toil and energy, 
 often the self-sacrifice, of those who have gone before. We are so 
 accustomed to present surroundings that we are apt to forget that they 
 did not grow of themselves, but are the results of almost infinite 
 labor — the work of generations. 
 
 "You turn on the water in your bathroom, and forget that through 
 long years your predecessors had to dig wells and cisterns, construct 
 pumps, draw out the water and carry it in pailfuls to the house and 
 distribute it to the various rooms, before by a supreme effort they 
 introduced the labor saving system, which seems to you as natural 
 as the air you breathe. 
 
 "You light the gas with an odorless match, or with a finger touch 
 bring out the brilliancy of electricity, and do not think of the genera- 
 tions who kindled the spark with flint and steel, and used candles 
 and tapers and lamps through all stages of development of tallow, 
 of sperm, of wax; with whale oil and camphene and burning fluid, 
 down to the modern kerosene; and who at last introduced, at great 
 cost and sacrifice, the system which you use as if it had existed from 
 the Creation. 
 
 "You send your children to the public school where every appliance 
 that lavish expenditure can produce is provided for their free educa- 
 tion; and you do not think of the slow degrees by which that system 
 was perfected, of the sacrifices to build the first little school house, and 
 of the labors of the scores of public-spirited men and women who have 
 given time and eflFort to the cause of public education. Look back, 
 as one single instance, at your own records, and you will find in the 
 first year of the public school here in Flushing, one trustee visited the 
 school over two hundred and fifty times, and another nearly as many. 
 
 "And you look at the beautiful churches, and think it almost a 
 favor if you select one as your place of worship. With what infinite 
 anxiety and toil and sacrifice has that edifice arrived at its present 
 stateliness! Every step in its progress was one of labor and tears, 
 only sweetened by the thought of doing a service for mankind and 
 posterity. Think of the first meeting of the faithful few as they 
 
828 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. gathered to consider the possibih'ty of building the humblest structure 
 ^•.^' for their religious use. Every step was a toil, but also a triumph; 
 and each in turn seemed of vast importance. The lot had to be 
 bought, subscriptions obtained, friends asked to aid; fairs and sales 
 and entertainments held to svyell the meagre fund; and, at last, after 
 months of eflFort there were tears of joy when the little building was 
 really completed. And then came the furnishing, and the fencing, 
 and all the unthought of expenses so sure to follow. And after years 
 came the necessity for enlargement; and in a longer time the question 
 of a new building arose; and all these things required discussion and 
 meetings and work, until in the aggregate no man can tell the labor 
 and the thought that have culminated in that beautiful edifice — 
 which you pass by as if it had arisen by magic for your benefit. 'One 
 has sown and another is reaping.' Our forefathers, and many of 
 this generation, have labored, in order that we who are here to-night 
 may reap the fruit of their toil. 
 
 "And surely we owe something for all this. We owe thanks and 
 appreciation to those who have sown for this harvest; and we owe it 
 to our own generation and to posterity to make good use of the advan- 
 tages which we thus enjoy through the toil of others. 
 
 "We owe it to see that these comforts and conveniences, which 
 make life so much easier, shall not simply produce luxury and idleness 
 but be the means of greater exertion and higher achievements. 
 
 "We owe it to see that the new facilities for travel and communica- 
 tion shall be made to inure to the benefit of the country and the 
 advantage of mankind. 
 
 "We owe it to see that these churches and schools and libraries are 
 used to the fullest extent and made the instruments of greatest good. 
 
 "We owe it to see that the increase of general wealth and prosperity 
 shall alleviate the evils and sufferings of poverty and misfortune. 
 
 "We owe our time, our energies, our efforts to the preservation 
 and increase of all the blessings which our forefathers obtained for 
 us; that the next century may not fall behind the past in progress 
 and development. 
 
 "And above all, we owe it to ourselves, and to the future as well 
 as the past, to labor for the upbuilding of good government and the 
 increase of civic righteousness, that all present blessings may be 
 continued, and new ones added throughout the years to come." 
 
CHAPTER XLIV 
 
 MUSIC FESTIVALS 
 
 IN addition to the local events in the various boroughs of New 
 York City chronicled in the foregoing chapters, music festi- 
 vals were held in each of the five boroughs under the 
 direction of the Music Festival Committee of which the Hon. 
 Gustav Lindenthal is Chairman. These festivals, ten in num- 
 ber, added greatly to the festive character of the Celebration 
 and were an index of the high state of musical culture in the 
 City of New York. Arranged according to dates, the concerts 
 were as follows: 
 
 Sunday, September 26, T • f f 
 
 Manhattan Borough: In Carnegie Hall, by the United Irish Societies. Concerts 
 In the Hippodrome, by the Vereinigte Saenger of New York. 
 
 Monday, September 27. 
 Brooklyn Borough: In the Thirteenth Regiment Armory by the United 
 German Singers. In the Academy of Music by the Apollo Club. 
 
 Queens Borough: In Astoria Schuetzen Park by the United German Singers. 
 Richmond Borough: In Happy Land Park, South Beach, by the United 
 German Singers. 
 
 Tuesday, September 28. 
 Manhattan Borough: In the Metropolitan Opera House by the German 
 Liederkranz. In Carnegie Hall by the Arion Society. 
 
 Friday, October I. 
 Bronx Borough: In Crotona Park by the United German Singers and School 
 Children. 
 
 Sunday, October 3. 
 Manhattan Borough: In Carnegie Hall by the People's Choral Union and the 
 New York Symphony Society. 
 
 Following are brief descriptions of the concerts : 
 The concert by the United Irish Societies in Carnegie Hall Carnegie 
 on Sunday evening, September 26, was arranged by the follow- g^p^ ^6 
 829 
 
830 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Carnegie ing committee: Chairman, Major E. T. McCrystal ; Secretary, 
 ^*" Mr. Jeremiah Lawlor ; Messrs. Victor Herbert, P. J. Conway, 
 Sept. 26 ^^^^ ^^jj^^ Michael Fox, Thos. M. Clancy, Henry Magee, 
 Frank Joyce, John J. Rooney, P. A. Moynahan, Thos. F. 
 Gilleran, Rev. William Livingston, John T. Tracey, P. J. 
 McCarthy, John Thornton, Daniel Tobin, M. A. O 'Byrne, 
 Lawrence Mooney. 
 
 Mr. Victor Herbert, who gave his services gratuitously for 
 the preparation of the program and direction of the concert, 
 conducted his own orchestra and the chorus. The latter was 
 composed of the members of the Catholic Oratorio Society, 
 which was trained in the Cathedral College Hall for two weeks, 
 under the direction of Madame Selma Kronold. A large and 
 fashionable audience was in attendance. Boxes were reserved 
 for the representatives of every nation participating in the Cele- 
 bration; for the Vice-President of the United States and the 
 Governor of this State, and for His Grace Most Rev. Arch- 
 bishop Farley of New York. A large part of the parquet was 
 reserved for the guests of the Commission, including the officers 
 of the fleets. Delegates from every Irish society in New York 
 swelled the audience so as to tax Carnegie Hall to the utmost. 
 The program was as follows: 
 
 1. Overture, '-Maritana " ... W. V. V. Wallace. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 2. (a) "Ban-Chnoic Efreann, O" MacConmara. 
 
 (b) "The Penal Days" Davis. 
 
 By Mrs. Helen O'Donnell. 
 
 3. (a) "The Minstrel Boy" Moore. 
 
 (b) "Oft in the Stilly Night" Balfe. 
 
 By the Catholic Oratorio Society. 
 
 4. (a) "Thuit ar an m-buadharg" MacHale. 
 
 (b) "Sweet Harp of the Days that Are Gone" 
 
 Words by Samuel Lover. 
 
 Music by his grandson Victor Herbert. 
 
 By Mr. William Ludwig. 
 
 5. Irish Symphony V. Villiers Stanford. 
 
 (a) "Andante Con Moto" 
 
 (b) "Allegretto Molto Vivace" 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
Music Festivals 831 
 
 6. Irish Rhapsody, "Erin, Oh, Erin" Victor Herbert. Carnegie 
 
 By the Orchestra. Hall 
 
 7. "An Irish Noel" Augusta Holmes. Sept. 26 
 
 By Madame Selma Kronold. 
 
 8. (a) " Hath Sorrow Thy Young Days " Balfe. 
 
 (b) "The Fenian War Song" Sir R. P. Stewart. 
 
 By the Cathohc Oratorio Society. 
 
 9. (a) "Irish Reaper's Harvest Hymn" Keegan. 
 
 (b) "Old Ireland ShaU be Free" 
 
 Words by J- J. Rooney. 
 
 Old air arranged by Victor Herbert. 
 
 By Mr. William Ludwig. 
 
 10. "American Fantasy" Victor Herbert. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 11. Anthem, "The Star Spangled Banner." 
 
 By the Orchestra and Chorus. 
 
 The United Singers of New York (Vereinigte Saenger) gave Hippo- 
 a concert at the Hippodrome on Sunday evening, September 26. ^°^^ 
 This organization, formed in 1850, now embraces 40 German 
 singing societies of Manhattan and the Bronx. Mr. Theodore 
 Henninger is President of the organization; Mr. Anton Kruse, 
 First Vice-President; Mr. Aug. Hennicke, Second Vice-Presi- 
 dent; Mr. Charles O. Korth, Third Vice-President; Mr. 
 Franz Schostal, Mr. Max Schincke, and Mr. L. Leining, 
 Secretaries; Mr. Jac. Dieter, Treasurer; Mr. Charles Wedde, 
 Trustee; Mr. Chr. Fabel, Librarian, and Messrs. Julius 
 Lorenz and Carl Hein, Conductors. 
 
 The program was rendered by 1,300 male and female 
 voices of the United Singers, the Philharmonic Orchestra 
 of 100 pieces, Mme. Corinne Rider- Kelsey, soprano, and 
 Mr. Sidney Biden, baritone. The large amphitheatre was 
 crowded from the stage to the last row of seats in the top 
 gallery, and the audience, largely American, showed a keen 
 appreciation of the splendid work of the singers. Governor 
 and Mrs. Hughes and escort were guests of honor as was also 
 Admiral von Koester of the German navy and representative 
 of Emperor William H. The German representative made 
 a speech, after which the male chorus sang an extra number 
 
832 
 
 The Hudson- Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hippo- 
 drome 
 Sept. 26 
 
 Thir- 
 teenth 
 Regi- 
 ment 
 Armory 
 Sept. 27 
 
 In his honor. In his speech the Admiral expressed his pleasure 
 that his countrymen here, although German-Americans, 
 adhered to their native customs. He said he almost imagined 
 himself in Berlin when he came to the theatre. At the end 
 of the extra song Admiral von Koester rose again and said: 
 "My heartiest thanks. Auf Wiedersehen ! " 
 The program was as follows: 
 
 Patriotic festival overture Anton Hegner. 
 
 By the Philharmonic Orchestra. 
 
 "Shepherd's Sunday Song" G. Kreutzer. 
 
 By the United Singers. 
 Aria from "Tannhauser," "Dich theure Halle" R. Wagner. 
 
 By Mme. Corinne Rider-Kelsey. 
 "Hail, Bright Abode," from "Tannhauser" R. Wagner. 
 
 By Miied Chorus and Orchestra. 
 
 (a) "From Youth's Happy Days" R. Radecke. 
 
 (b) "Old Folks at Home" Van der Stucken. 
 
 By the United Singers. 
 
 Medley on National Songs J. Rietzel. 
 
 By the Philharmonic Orchestra. 
 
 "The Evening Star, " from "Tannhauser" R. Wagner. 
 
 By Sidney Biden, Baritone. 
 
 (a) "In the Woods" F. Leu. 
 
 (b) "Soldier's Farewell" J. KinkeL 
 
 By the United Singers. 
 
 Recitative and Aria from " Heridiad " Massenet. 
 
 By Mme. Corinne Rider-Kelsey. 
 
 "Fair Ellen" M. Bruch. 
 
 By Mixed Chorus and Orchestra. 
 
 The concert in the Thirteenth Regiment Armory in Brooklyn 
 on Monday evening, September 27, was given by the following 
 named societies constituting the United German Singers of 
 Brooklyn: The Arion Singing Society, Arion Quartette, Adler 
 Maennerchor, Aurora Singing Society, Alpenroeschen Singing 
 Society, Brooklyn Saengerbund, Brooklyn Quartette, Bach 
 Quartette, Beethoven Liederkranz, Bayerischer Saengerbund, 
 Bremervoerder Maennerchor, Caecilia Saengerbund, Con- 
 cordia of East New York, Concordia Maennerchor, Concordia 
 of South Brooklyn, Deutscher Liederkranz, Thalia Singing 
 Society, Echo Quartette, Eichenkranz, Fred Gluck Quartette 
 
Music Festivals 833 
 
 Club, Gambrinus Maennerchor, Germania Maennerchor, Ger- Thir- 
 mania Singing Society of Greenpoint, Haydn Maennerchor, ^ . 
 Harmonia Singing Society, Hessischer Saengerbund, Independ- ment 
 ent Quartette Club, Richard Wagner Quartette Club, Richard ^^°^J^ 
 Wagner Maennerchor, Schwaebischer Saengerbund, Williams- 
 burgh Saengerbund, Williamsburgh Boss Bakers Singing 
 Society, and the Zoellner Maennerchor. 
 
 The officers of the United German Singers of Brooklyn are 
 Mr. Adam Fehmel, President; Messrs. D. Koos and H. C. 
 Wagner, Vice-Presidents; Messrs. B. Klein, William E. 
 Rohrbach and F. A. Kuenzinger, Secretaries; Mr. B. Schnell, 
 Treasurer; Mr. Vincent Mink, Librarian; Messrs. Ed. Schulz, 
 H. Scheldt and F. Rohrbach, Trustees; and Mr. Carl Fique, 
 Musical Director. 
 
 The program, which was rendered by the United Singers, 
 assisted by Mme. Katherine Noak-Fique, dramatic soprano, 
 Senor G. Guetary, tenor, and the Symphony Orchestra, was as 
 follows : 
 
 1. "Jubilee Overture," concluding with "America" Weber. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 2. (a) ' Der Tag des Herm " Kreutzer. 
 
 (b) "Old Black Joe" Foster. 
 
 By the United Singers. 
 
 3. Largo from the "New World " Symphony Dvorak. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 4. Grand Aria, "Agatha," from "Der Freischutz" Weber. 
 
 By Mme. Katherine Noak-Fique. 
 
 5. (a) "My Old Kentucky Home" 
 (b) "Diiie" 
 
 By the United Singers. 
 
 6. "The Flying Dutchman" Wagner. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 7. "Celeste Aida," from "Aida" Verdi. 
 
 By Senor G. Guetary. 
 
 8. "Zu Schuls im Keinen Friedhof " Angerer. 
 
 By the United Singers.* 
 
 * With this song the United Singers of Brooklyn won the first prize at the New York National 
 Song Festival June 23, 1909. The words are descriprive of a war episode of 1621 when the inhabit- 
 ants of a Swiss village of Schulz died in defense of their liberty. 
 
 53 
 
834 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 9. " Madrilcna " Moszkowski. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 10. Scene from "Cavalleria Rusticana" Mascagni. 
 
 By Mme. Fique and Senor Guetary. 
 
 11. " Schmiedelied " Kempter. 
 
 By the United Singers. 
 
 II. Finale, "Star Spangled Banner" Key-Smith. 
 
 By Soloists, United Singers, Orchestra, and Audience. 
 
 Academ" ^^^ Concert by the Apollo Club of Brooklyn in the Brooklyn 
 of Music, Academy of Music on Monday evening, September 27, was 
 Sept. 27 arranged, under the auspices of the Commission, by two local 
 committees, as follows: 
 
 Committee on Music Festival at Academy of Music: Mr. Clinton L. Ros- 
 siter. Chairman; Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, D.D., Mr. George S. Chauncey, 
 Mr. Edward T. Horwill, Mr. John F. Calderwood, Mr. Carll H. 
 de Silver, Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D., Mr. Edward Burns, and Mr. 
 W. A. Prendergast. 
 
 Committee of Apollo Club in charge of concert: Mr. Clinton L. Rossiter, 
 President of Apollo Club; Messrs. Henry S. Brown and I. Preston Taylor, 
 Vice-Presidents; Mr. Edward Burns, Treasurer; Mr. Daniel Wescoat, Secre- 
 tary; and Messrs. A. S. Bedell, J. D. Crary, Donald A. Turner and John 
 Hyatt Brewer, the latter being the Conductor. 
 
 The stage of the Academy was occupied by about 90 singers 
 of the Apollo Club and an orchestra of 25 pieces. Mr. 
 Richard Arnold was Concert Master. The Club was assisted 
 by Miss Elizabeth Tudor, soprano; Mrs. Mary Jordan Fitz- 
 Gibbon, contralto; Mr. William A. Thayer at the piano; Mr. 
 Albert Reeves Norton at the organ; and Mr. Richard Arnold, 
 Concert Master. 
 
 The auditorium was crowded, and the singing of the "Star 
 Spangled Banner" by soloists, chorus and audience, accom- 
 panied by orchestra, piano and organ, made an inspiring 
 overture to a delightful program. During the singing of the 
 national anthem, a large flag was lowered over the stage, which 
 was already beautifully decorated. 
 
Music Festivals 835 
 
 The program was as follows: Brooklyn 
 
 ' Academy 
 
 1. "Star Spangled Banner" Key-Smith. ^f Music, 
 
 By Piano, Organ, Orchestra, Apollo Club and Audience. Sopt. 27 
 
 2. ■■ To the Sons of Art " Mendelssohn. 
 
 By the Apollo Club. 
 
 3. (a) "The Willow" Goring Thomas. 
 
 (b) "Sunlight" Harriet Ware. 
 
 Miss Tudor. 
 
 4. (a) "My Children's Prayer" Theodor Podbertsky. 
 
 (b) "Maid and Butterfly" Theodor Podbertsky. 
 
 By the .Apollo Club. 
 
 5. (a) "My Star" Mrs. H. H. M. Beach. 
 
 (b) "Devotion" Richard Strauss. 
 
 By Mrs. Fitz-Gibbon. 
 
 6. "APrayer of Thanksgiving" Dutch Folk Song. 
 
 By the Apollo Club. 
 
 7. "Break, Break, Break" John Hyatt Brewer. 
 
 By the Apollo Club. 
 
 8. (a) "Songs My Mother Taught Me" Dvorak. 
 
 (b) "Spring" Henschel. 
 
 Miss Tudor. 
 
 9. (a) "On the Sea" Dudley Buck. 
 
 (b) "The Hand Organ Man" A. Von Otbegraven. 
 
 By the Apollo Club. 
 
 10. (a) "Hindoo Song" Bemberg. 
 
 (b) • Song of Love" Berwald. 
 
 By Mrs. Fitz-Gibbon. 
 
 11. "The Lost Chord" Arthur Sullivan. 
 
 By the Apollo Club. 
 
 The concert by the United Singing Societies of Queens Astoria 
 Borough in the Assembly Room of the Astoria Schuetzenpark on ^"^^"p*" 
 Monday evening, September 27, was given by a chorus ofsept. 27 
 200 singers, assisted by Marie Zeckwer, soprano; Albert 
 G. Janpolski, baritone; Magdalena Jaeger, mezzo-soprano; 
 the Manhattan Quartette and an orchestra of 50 trained 
 players under the direction of Dr. Felix Jaeger. The Hall, 
 which was illuminated by electricity and decorated with 
 flowers, was filled to its utmost capacity. 
 
 Besides Wagner's Overture to "Tannhauser," the following 
 numbers were received with enthusiasm: 
 
 Foster's "Old Folks at Home," in which Mr. Albert G. 
 Janpolski sang the solo and the audience joined in the chorus. 
 
836 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Astoria Uhland's "Shepherd Hymn," composed by Conradin 
 Schuet- xr 
 zen Park Kreutzer. 
 
 Sept. 27 The sextette from Donizetti's "Lucia di Lammermoor," in 
 which Marie Zeckwer and Magdalena Jaeger rendered the 
 soprano and alto parts. 
 
 Liszt's second Hungarian Rhapsodic, adapted by Mueller- 
 Berghau. 
 
 "A Soldier's Farewell," beginning with the well-known 
 words "How Can I Bear to Leave Thee," the words and music 
 of which were by Johanna Kinkel, wife of Gottfried Kinkel 
 who was liberated by Carl Schurz while in Spandau prison. 
 
 A recitative by Marie Zeckwer from Weber's "Oberon. " 
 
 And the chorus of Koellner's "Morning in the Forest," 
 composed by Conradin Kreutzer, which received the prize at 
 the National Singing Festival on June 22, 1909. 
 
 But the most vociferous applause was earned by Foster's 
 "My Old Kentucky Home." This was arranged by the 
 popular Franz Van der Stucken. 
 
 Then the whole audience arose and joined the singers in the 
 chorus of the "Star Spangled Banner." 
 
 Dr. Felix Jager directed with marked skill the singers, who 
 hailed chiefly from College Point, Woodside and Long Island 
 City. 
 
 President Hans Jurgensen closed the performance with an 
 appropriate speech. 
 Happy The Concert at Happy Land Park, South Beach, Staten 
 p"^ Island, on Monday evening, September 27, was rendered by the 
 Sept. 27 United Singing Societies of Richmond Borough (Mr. Bernhard 
 Eidam, director), the Staten Island Quartette Club, the 
 Maenner Gesang Verein Einigkeit, and the Staten Island 
 Eichenkranz, assisted by Mme. Louise B. Voigt, soprano; 
 Mr. John A. Finnegan, tenor; Mr. Charles Schaefer, accom- 
 panist; and an orchestra from the New York Symphonic 
 Orchestra. 
 
Music Festivals 837 
 
 The officers of the organization were Mr. Caspar Baum, Happy 
 President; Mr. George William Wider, Vice-President; Mr. p^^.^ 
 Charles Ikier, Treasurer; and Messrs. Joseph Eisenhut and H. Sept. 27 
 Schwanenberg, Secretaries. 
 
 The Music Committee consisted of Messrs. Martin Eymer, 
 Hugo Kessler and Joseph Eisenhut. 
 
 The program, which was heartily enjoyed by an audience 
 which taxed the auditorium to the utmost, was as follows: 
 
 1. Ovcnure from "Tannhauser" Wagner. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 2. "Tag des Hcrrn" Kreutzer. 
 
 By the United Singers of Richmond Borough. 
 
 3. Tenor Solo — Aria from "La Boheme" Pussini. 
 
 By Mr. Finncgan. 
 
 4. "Fackeltanz" Meyerbeer. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 5. (a) ' ImFeld des Morgens frueh" Burkhardt. 
 
 (b) "Disie Land " Foster. 
 
 By the United Singers. 
 
 6. Aria from ' Oheron:" "Ocean Du Ungeheuer" Weber. 
 
 By Madame Voigt. 
 
 7. American Fantasie Victor Herbert. 
 
 Concluding with "Star Spangled Banner. 
 By the Orchestra and Audience. 
 
 8. (a) "My Old Kentucky Home" Foster. 
 
 (b) " Fruehling am Rhein " Breu. 
 
 By the United Singers. 
 
 9. Tenor Solos: 
 
 (a) 'Til Sing Thee Song of Arabee" Clay. 
 
 (b) "Morning Hymn" Henschel. 
 
 By Mr. Finnegan. 
 
 10. Cantate "America" Melamet. 
 
 By Madam Voigt, the United Singers and Orchestra. 
 
 Brief addresses were made by Mr. Eugene Lamb Richards, 
 
 Jr., and Mr. Martin Eymer. 
 
 A brilliant audience of New Yorkers and visitors greeted Metro- 
 
 the Deutscher Liederkranz of New York in the Metropolitan P°'''^'* 
 
 . Opera 
 
 Opera House Tuesday evening, September 28. The committee House 
 
 of the Liederkranz in charge of the concert was composed of ^^P'* ^^ 
 
 Mr. Hubert Cillis, President of the organization, and Messrs. 
 
833 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Metro- Gustav O. Rudolphy, Otto von Schrenk, Leonard L. Breit- 
 
 P° '"° wieser, F. G. Hartmann, Constantin Lurins, Oscar R. Seitz, 
 Opera 
 
 House Julius A. May, and John Ph. Voelker. 
 
 Sept. 28 The Liederkranz was assisted by Mme. Corinne Rider-Kel- 
 sey, soprano; Mr. Carl Schlegel, baritone; and the New York 
 Symphony Orchestra. Mr. Arthur Claasen was conductor 
 and Mr. Otto A. GrafF accompanist. 
 
 Grossadmiral von Koester and his escort of German naval 
 officers occupied a box. When his presence was announced 
 from the platform by President Cillis, three rousing cheers 
 were given for him and the entire audience joined in singing 
 "Die Wacht am Rhein." Admiral von Koester recognized 
 the compliment by rising in his box and speaking briefly. He 
 expressed his appreciation of the cordial reception which had 
 been given him, and said that the high standing of Germans 
 in the communities where they lived was largely due to their 
 love of music. He said he was very much pleased with New 
 York and had been deeply impressed by the decorations and 
 illuminations. 
 
 The program was as follows: 
 
 1. "America" Old Anthem. 
 
 By Liederkranz, Audience and Orchestra. 
 
 2. " Fest-Polonaise " F. Liszt. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 3. "In einer Sturmnacht " C. Attenhofer. 
 
 By the Liederkranz and Orchestra, with baritone solo by Mr. Schlegel. 
 
 4. Recitative and Aria from "Der Freischutz" CM. von Weber. 
 
 By Mme. Rider-Kelsey. 
 
 5. (a) " Schaefer's Sonntagslied " Kreutzer. 
 
 (b) "Schwerelied " Weber-Zollne-. 
 
 By the Liederkranz. 
 
 6. " Largo " Handel. 
 
 By the Orchestra, with violin obhgato by Concertmaster Al. Saslawsky. 
 
 7. (a) "Die Treue" Wengert. 
 
 (b) "My Old Kentucky Home" Fostcr-Stucken. 
 
 By the Liederkranz. 
 
 8. "March Militaire" Schubert. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
Music Festivals 839 
 
 9. •' Des Glockenturmer's Tochterlein " Reinthaler. 
 
 By Mme. Rider-Kelsey and the Liederkranz. 
 
 10. "Die Landkennung" Grieg. 
 
 By the Liederkranz and Orchestra, with baritone solo by Mr. Schlegel. 
 
 11. "American Fantasie" Victor Herbert. 
 
 By the Orchestra, concluding with the "Star Spangled Banner,' sung by the Liederkranz and 
 audience. 
 
 At Carnegie Hall, another distinguished audience listened Carnegie 
 to the concert by the Arion Society Tuesday evening, September g^^^ ^g 
 28. The officers of the Society are Gustav Scholer, M. D., 
 President; Messrs. Robert Schwrarz and Hugo Sohmer, Vice- 
 Presidents; Messrs. Carl H. Wittmann, Julius P. Werner and 
 George H. Diehl, Jr., Secretaries; Mr. William Ditzel, Treas- 
 urer; and Mr. Julius Lorenz, Musical Director. The program 
 was rendered by a male chorus of 137 voices, containing 34 
 first tenor, 30 second tenor, 39 first bass, and 34 second bass 
 singers, assisted by Mr. Frederick Weld, Madame Schumann- 
 Heink, Mr. Edwin Grasse, soloists, Mr. Charles Schaefer at the 
 organ, and an orchestra. 
 
 Grossadmiral von Koester, with four other officers of the 
 German Navy, was present as guest of honor. During the 
 intermission he thanked the members of the Celebration Com- 
 mission for the courtesies which had been shown to the officers 
 and sailors of his command and complimented the Arion 
 Society on its part in the commemoration. At the close of the 
 concert, the audience applauded him and the officers who 
 accompanied him. 
 
 The program was as follows: 
 
 1. Overture to "Rienzi" R. Wagner. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 2. "Du bist die Ruh" Fr. Schubert. 
 
 By the Arion Society and Orchestra. 
 
 3. Aria "Woo thou thy Snowflake" (Ivanhoe) Arthur Sulliyan. 
 
 By Mr. Weld and Orchestra. 
 
 4. Aria from "Der Prophet" G. Meyerbeer. 
 
 By Madame Schumaan-Heink and Orchestra. 
 
 5. Rhapsodie No. I Franz Liszt. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
840 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Carnegie 6. (a) "Aus der Jugendzeit" Radecke. 
 
 Hall (b) "Im Winter" Ed. Kremser. 
 
 Sept. 28 By the Arion Society. 
 
 7. Adagio and Finale from Violin Concerto in G flat Max Bruch. 
 
 By Mr. Grasse and Orchestra. 
 
 8. (a) "My Old Kentucky Home" ) , , , ^ 
 
 (b) "Old Folks a. Home" [ t"T'\ 
 
 (c)"Dix,eLand" J Van der Stucken. 
 
 By the Arion Society, with baritone solo by Mr. Weld. 
 
 9. Aria from "Paulus" (The Lord is Mindful) Mendlessohn. 
 
 By Madame Schumann-Heink and Orchestra. 
 
 10. "Landkennung" Ed. Grieg. 
 
 By the Arion Society and Orchestra, with baritone solo by Mr. Weld. 
 
 Crotona The largest audience which attended any of the music festi- 
 Park vals was that at the concert given in Crotona Park in the 
 Borough of the Bronx, on Friday evening, October i, when, it 
 was estimated, 25,000 persons were present. This concert was 
 given by the German Singing societies and a chorus of school 
 children of that borough. The German societies participating 
 were the Arion Liedertafel, Aurora Liederkranz, Aurora 
 Liedertafel, Belmont Liederkranz, East Morrisania Maen- 
 nerchor, Franz Schubert Maennerchor, Gemuthlichkeit Union- 
 port, Harmonic, Liedertafel der Vereinigten Socialreformer, 
 Morrisania Maennerchor, Morrisania Plattdeutscher Quar- 
 tette Club, Nord New York Liedertafel, Schweizer Maennerchor 
 Winkelried, Union Maennerchor, Westchester Maennerchor, 
 Williamsbridge Saengerbund, and the Woodstock Liederkranz. 
 To this great chorus were added the voices of about 1,500 
 school children. 
 
 The scene presented by the great choruses and the enormous 
 crowds, amid the trees of the park, the beautiful outlines of 
 the Borough Hall illuminated with garlands of thousands of 
 electric lights, and the star-lit sky overhead, was one never to 
 be forgotten by those present. 
 
 The Music Festival Committee named by Judge Brady, 
 Chairman of the Bronx Citizens Committee, was as follows: 
 
Music Festivals 841 
 
 Mr. Jean Weil, Chairman, and Hon. Hal Bell, Mr. George W. Crotona 
 Bird, Hon. A. C. Butts, Mr. Fred C. Clauss, Mr. John F. q"""^ 
 Condon, Mr. John H. Denbigh, Mr. Justus Duelfer, Hon. 
 Frank Gass, Mr. Louis Gress, Mr. Max R. Hein,Hon.Thomas 
 J. Higgins, Mr. William W. Klein, Mr. Augustus W. Schlem- 
 mer, Mr. Hy. W. Stroud, Hon. Michael J. Sullivan, Mr. 
 George von Skal, Mr. John C. Walworth, Hon. Frank D. 
 Wilsey and Mr. F. de R. Wissmann. 
 
 Dr. Paul Quedenfeldt and Messrs. Louis Gress, Ernest 
 Schaefer and Henry Hofacker were selected by the delegates 
 of the participating societies to arrange for delegates' meetings, 
 rehearsals, program, etc. Mr. Frederick Albeke, the music 
 director of several well-known New York singing societies 
 and the winner of the Kaiserpreis at the Twenty-second National 
 Song and Music Festival of the Nord Oestliche Saengerbund 
 held last June at the Madison Square Garden, was selected by 
 the delegates to direct the musical part of the Festival. Dr. 
 Frank R. Rix, the music director of the public schools, was 
 appointed by the Board of Education to arrange and direct the 
 school children's part of the program. 
 
 The program was as follows: 
 
 1. Overture, " Tannhauser" Wagner. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 2. Address, by Hon. John F. Murray, President of the Borough of the Bronx. 
 
 3. (a) "Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean" 
 
 (b) "All Through the Night" Welsh Folksong. 
 
 By the Children's Chorus. 
 
 4. " Altniederlaendisches Dankgebet " Kremser. 
 
 By the United Singers and Orchestra. 
 
 5. (a) "Im Wald" Leu. 
 
 (b) "Soldier's Farewell" Kinkel. 
 
 By the United Singers. 
 
 6. Overture, "Tell" Rossini. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 7- (a) "The Lord is My Shepherd" Koschat. 
 
 (b) "The Star Spangled Banner" Key-Smith. 
 
 By the Children's Chorus. 
 
842 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 8. (a) "Sonntag Ist's" Breu. 
 
 (b) "Aus der Jugendzeit Radecke. 
 
 (c) "Old Folks at Home" Foster-Van der Stucken. 
 
 By the United Singers. 
 
 9. "Die drei Gesellen" Podbertsky. 
 
 By the United Singers and Orchestra. 
 
 10. American Fantasie Herbert. 
 
 By the Orchestra, concluding with the "Star Spangled Banner" in which the choruses and audience 
 
 Carnegie The last of the series of Music Festivals was that given in 
 Q J Carnegie Hall on Sunday evening, October 3, by the People's 
 
 Choral Union and the orchestra of the Symphony Society of 
 New York, under the conductorship of Mr. Frank Damrosch. 
 Here again were repeated the festal scenes witnessed at the 
 other concerts — a brilliant audience, the boxes filled with 
 distinguished guests from home and abroad, and the stage 
 filled to its limits with orchestra and mixed chorus. The offi" 
 cers of the People's Choral Union are as follows: President) 
 Mr. Burdett B. Beck; Vice-President, Mr. Francis T. Reilly; 
 Secretaries, Miss Helen L. King, Miss Alice A. King and Miss 
 Dena B. Ochs; Treasurer, Mr. Jacob Gordon; and Librarian* 
 Mr. Armand Varchetta. 
 
 The Concert Committee consisted of Mr. John M. Goodale, 
 Chairman; Mrs. Jennette Simmons, Treasurer; Mr. James 
 R. R. McEwen, Secretary; Mr. John R. Buchanan and Mr- 
 Herman P. Gottlieb. 
 
 The Choral Union and Symphony Society were assisted by 
 Mme. Jeanne Jomelli, soprano; Mr. David Bispham, bari- 
 tone; Mr. Woodruff Rogers, accompanist for Mr. Bispham; 
 and Mr. Frank L. Sealy, organist. 
 
 The program was as follows : 
 
 1. " The Star Spangled Banner. " 
 
 By the Chorus and Orchestra. 
 
 2. Overture "Mignon " Ambroise Thomas. 
 
 By the Orchestra. 
 
 3. "The Heavens are Telling," from "The Creation" Haydn. 
 
 By the Chorus and Orchestra. 
 
Music Festivals 843 
 
 4. Prologue from "I Pagliacci " Leoncavallo. Carnegie 
 
 By Mr. Bispham. Hall 
 
 5. (a) "A Mountain Fastness is Our God" Luther. ^*^'- 3 
 
 (b) "Sea, Mountain and Prairie" Frank Damrosch 
 
 (c) "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" Frank Datnrosch. 
 
 By the Chorus and Orchestra. 
 
 6. " Discovery " Grieg. 
 
 By Mr. Bispham, Male Chorus and Orchestra. 
 
 7. Air from " Queen of Sheba " Gounod. 
 
 By Mme JomelU. 
 
 8. "Thanks be to God," from "Elijah" Mendelssohn. 
 
 By the Chorus and Orchestra. 
 
 9. (a) "O Let Night Speak of Me" Geo. W. Chadwick. 
 
 (b) "Boat Song" Harriet Ware. 
 
 (c) "Danny Deever" Walter Damrosch. 
 
 By the Orchestra and Male Chorus. 
 
 10. "Awake," from "Die Meistersinger" Wagner. 
 
 By the Chorus and Orchestra. 
 
 11. Three Old Dutch Songs Adrianus Valerius, 1 626. 
 
 (a) "Engels nou nou!" 
 
 (b) "O .\ngenietje" 
 
 (c) "Comedianten Dans" 
 
 By Mme. JomelU. 
 
 12. Old Netherland Hymn of Thanks Arranged by Kremser. 
 
 By the Chorus. 
 
 13. "Hallelujah," from "The Messiah" Handel. 
 
 By the Chorus and Orchestra. 
 
D' 
 
 CHAPTER XLV 
 
 SOCIAL EVENTS 
 
 URING the Celebration, there were many social events in 
 New York revolving around the Celebration, which are 
 not mentioned in the preceding chapters. Some of 
 them, either because they had the formal recognition of the 
 Commission by resolution or because of their quasi-official 
 nature, may be mentioned briefly. 
 Metro- The opening of the official Hudson-Fulton exhibition at the 
 Mu ^um Metropolitan Museum of Art on Monday evening, September 
 of Art 20, partook of a social character. Prior to the opening of the 
 galleries, Mr. J. P. Morgan, President of the Museum, some 
 of the principal contributors to the exhibition and the executive 
 officers of the Commission, dined informally at the University 
 Club as the guests of Hon. Robert W. de Forest, Chairman of 
 the Committee on Art Exhibition and Secretary of the Museum. 
 At the museum, after a private view of the exhibition by the 
 dining party, the galleries were thrown open and a public 
 reception was held. The receiving party consisted of Mr. 
 Morgan, Mr. de Forest, Mr. George A. Hearn, Dr. George F. 
 Kunz, Mr. Edward Robinson, and General Woodford. A 
 very distinguished company of about 2,700 ladies and gentlemen 
 attended this function. 
 Holland The Holland Society invited the official delegates of the 
 Society Netherlands with the ladies and others of their party, and the 
 civil, military and naval officials, to a banquet at the Waldorf- 
 Astoria Hotel, on Wednesday evening, September 22, arranging 
 that the ladies should be entertained by the ladies of the families 
 of the Holland Society, for whom boxes in the grand ballroom 
 were reserved that they might hear the speeches. The ladies 
 who represented the Holland Society on this occasion were 
 
 Banquet 
 
Social Events in New York City 845 
 
 Mrs. Tunis G. Bergen, Mrs. Burton, sister of the President, Holland 
 and others. About 225 guests were seated at the tables. Mr. °"^ ^ 
 Henry S. Van Duzer, President of the Holland Society, presided. 
 Hon. S. P. van Eeghen sat on his right and Hon. J. T. Cremer 
 on his left. Further on the right were ex-President Warner 
 Van Norden, Gen. Stewart L. Woodford, Hon. W. F. van 
 Leeuwen, Burgomaster of Amsterdam; Hon. John R. Planten, 
 Consul-General of the Netherlands; Capt. J. B. Murdock, 
 Commandant of the New York Navy Yard; Hon. J. C. Held- 
 ring, Hon. Herbert L. Satterlee and Hon. R. van Rees. On 
 the left were Hon. Augustus Van Wyck, Capt. G. P. van 
 Hecking Colenbrander, of the Utrecht; Maj.-Gen. Leonard 
 Wood, U. S. A. (by representative), the President of the St. 
 Nicholas Society, the President of the Netherland Chamber of 
 Commerce, Rev. Dr. Kittredge and Hon. E. P. de Monchy. 
 A place had been reserved for Minister Loudon of the Nether- 
 lands, but his attendance at the dedication of the De Vries 
 Monument at Lewes, Del., kept him away. Other guests 
 included Lt.-Com. Lam, Lieutenants A. de Bruyne, T. Akker- 
 man, W. Dondorff, S. W. Eyssen, C. A. Fock, A. Grueschle, 
 K. P. W. Hatzsch, B. J. Heilbron, J. Kulenkampf, Theodore 
 E. KuryfF, J. Lagaay and N. J. Verloop, Prof. Baron J. d'Aulnis 
 de Bourouill, Hon. W. Westerman, Hon. W. F. Leeuwen, 
 Hon. O. Reuchlin, Hon. A. Gips and Hon. J. R. Wierdsma. 
 Rev. Dr. Kittredge asked a blessing. The following cable- 
 gram was sent: 
 
 «'To Her Majesty Queen Wilhelmina, Het Loo, The Netherlands: 
 
 "The Holland Society of New York favored by the presence of your Majesty's 
 official delegate to the Hudson-Fulton Celebration and the representatives of 
 the Dutch Committee on the Half Moon, at a banquet given in their honor, 
 beg that you will accept their most respectful greetings, with best wishes for 
 the health and prosperity of your Majesty's noble house and nation. 
 
 "Van Duzer, President. 
 
 "BoGERT, Secretary." 
 
846 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Holland The following answer was received: 
 Society 
 
 Banquet "President, Holland Society, New York: 
 
 "The Queen desires me to convey Her Majesty's sincete thanks to Holland 
 Society of New York for loyal message for her house and nation. 
 
 "Van Geen, 
 "Private Secretary to H. M. The Queen." 
 
 President Van Duzer welcomed the guests and expressed 
 appreciation of the honor which the Holland Society had been 
 permitted to assume in giving the first entertainment to the 
 Dutch Commissioners. Touching upon the first suggestions 
 of the Celebration made by the Holland Society, he voiced the 
 widespread gratification that the city, the State and the Nation 
 had so cordially and enthusiastically joined to insure success 
 and to make memorable the welcome of the Dutch visitors. 
 With compliments to Dutch virtues and their importance to 
 our national character, he paid a tribute to Holland of to-day 
 and her excellent representatives. He offered the first toast 
 to "the President of the United States," and the second toast 
 to "Her Gracious Majesty, the Queen of the Netherlands," 
 the guests all rising to their feet. 
 
 Hon. J. T. Cremer, representing the Netherlands, made a 
 graceful acknowledgement of the welcome and the hospitality 
 that had been offered, and continued with a brief reference to 
 the family life of the Netherlands Queen. 
 
 Judge Augustus Van Wyck then spoke on behalf of the 
 Society, repeating the welcome of the President. He described 
 with detail the forceful characteristics of the Dutch in America 
 and the reasons and objects of the Society's existence. He con- 
 cluded with the hope that Holland's peace might never be 
 disturbed by the unfriendly controversies of her neighbors and 
 that no hand of violence should ever be laid upon that country. 
 
 In the absence of the Minister of the Netherlands and of 
 the Chairman of the Netherlands Commission, Vice-President 
 
Social Events in New York City 847 
 
 de Monchy spoke for the Commission. He dwelt upon the HoUand 
 friendship and affection which allied the two countries and the ga^'quet 
 sympathy and common views which characterized peoples who 
 were separated by so great a distance. He returned the com- 
 pliments which had been paid to the virtues of the Hollander, 
 describing the American as profiting by all that had gone before 
 and achieving further progress toward individual and national 
 excellence. 
 
 Hon. W. F. van Leeuwen, Burgomaster of Amsterdam, spoke 
 of the cordiality and sympathy which had so surrounded the 
 party as to make them feel in the midst of New York as though 
 in the midst of their own kith and kin, expressing thankful 
 appreciation of the established objects of the Holland Society 
 as foundations of lasting friendship and sympathy between the 
 two nations. 
 
 Gen. Stewart L. Woodford replied to the Burgomaster and 
 greeted him and the other visitors, on behalf of the City of 
 New York and the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission, 
 expressing regret that the Mayor was prevented from being 
 present for that purpose. He offered the hospitality of New 
 York and thanked the representatives of Holland for coming 
 so far to take part in the Celebration. 
 
 Capt. G. P. van Hecking Colenbrander of the Utrecht told 
 of the satisfaction with which his officers and crew had received 
 notice of their selection to represent Holland at this Celebration, 
 and his wish that circumstances had given them a larger and 
 more important vessel. He referred to the history of the Dutch 
 Navy and how Holland had first become acquainted with the 
 American Navy in the person of John Paul Jones, mentioning 
 the song which was current in the Netherlands, "There comes 
 Paul Jones! He's such a dainty fellow." He finished by 
 proposing the health of the United States Navy. 
 
 Capt. J. B. Murdock, Commandant of the New York Navy 
 Yard, replied for the American Navy, recalling from the history 
 
848 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 of the Dutch Navy many gallant deeds of arms, and avowing 
 that being named in such famous company would delight his 
 countrymen. 
 
 The representative of the army having been called away, 
 the festivity concluded with a toast to "The Ladies," to which 
 ex-President Warner Van Norden made a brief response. 
 Nether- Qn the following evening, Thursday, September 23, the 
 Banquet Netherlands Chamber of Commerce and the Netherlands Club 
 of New York united in a banquet at the Hotel St. Regis, in 
 honor of the Dutch visitors. The decorations consisted of 
 flags of the United States and the Netherlands, Hudson-Fulton 
 Celebration colors, a portrait of Queen Wilhelmina, two floral 
 "Half Moons" and other floral adornments. His E.xcellency 
 Jonkheer J. Loudon, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary of the Netherlands to the United States, pre- 
 sided. The speakers included Mr. Cremer, Gen. Woodford, 
 Mr. Stuyvesant Fish, Mr. van Leeuwen, Mr. van Eeghen, Capt. 
 Colenbrander of the Utrecht and the Hon. J. R. Platen, Consul- 
 General of the Netherlands in New York. 
 Harlem On Tuesday evening, September 28, the old Dutch settle- 
 Banquet f^gj^j. (jf Harlem celebrated with a special banquet organized 
 by the Harlem Citizens' Committee of which the Hon. Alfred 
 R. Page was chairman. The dinner was held at the Harlem 
 Casino, which was beautifully decorated with Dutch and Ameri- 
 can colors. There were about 300 men at the tables and as 
 many more women in the gallery. The committee in charge 
 improved the occasion to show its confidence in Dr. Cook, the 
 explorer, by arranging for the presentation to him of a set of 
 engrossed resolutions congratulating him on having discovered 
 the North Pole on April 21, 1908; and each of the ornamental 
 boxes in which the ices were served was surmounted by a 
 sledge, containing a miniature human figure waving an Ameri- 
 can flag. A North Pole punch on the menu further emphasized 
 this phase of the banquet. 
 
Social Events in New York City 849 
 
 The principal speakers besides the Chairman were Governor 
 Hughes of New York, Governor Fort of New Jersey, and Dr. 
 Cook. Every reference to the latter elicited demonstrations of 
 applause. 
 
 Governor Hughes — who, like Dr. Cook, had come from Governor 
 another banquet in the Borough of the Bronx the same hughes 
 evening* — began his address by saying: 
 
 "I have just come from farthest north in the Borough of the 
 Bronx. Many things have impressed me in connection with this 
 Celebration; and three notably: I have thought as I looked at the 
 great fleet anchored in yonder river, that most of the vessels that took 
 part in the great demonstration in the Dewey Naval Parade are now 
 out of date, although that was comparatively a short time ago. Another 
 thing that has impressed me has been the marvelously beautiful 
 illumination and the varied effects of the incandescent lighting. 
 And the third, that our city is full of new chariots. They make 
 possible these frequent appearances. They add to the terrors and 
 delights of campaigns. I feel as if I were in a campaign, and Hudson 
 and Fulton were both on the ticket. 
 
 "It is a great pleasure to see this exhibition of patriotic sentiment 
 in this historic part of the city. I assure you that as I consider the 
 brilliancy of this company, it was not necessary for you to expend 
 your money in illumination. Wherever the men of Harlem gather 
 together there is light. 
 
 "I am very glad to see here the Governor of New Jersey — my 
 distinguished compatriot in trouble. New York would not be New 
 York if it did not have a large part of New Jersey busy in it every 
 day. New Jersey is marvelous for many things — some of which 
 we will not mention in this pleasant company. It is an exceedingly 
 restful dormitory for many busy New Yorkers. 
 
 "We have extended the area of New York until we have reached 
 a limit which seems to be an inexpugnable barrier, the barrier of 
 Westchester. Old Ocean bids us bide on the other side. We have 
 gone south as far as we can. We have large areas, and here are 
 gathered every day in busy enterprises men whose legal residence 
 
 * For ID account of which see chapter oa Broai Borough Banquet. 
 
 54 
 
850 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor is elsewhere; and it is not simply because this great river whose 
 Hug es discovery and exploration we celebrate runs between the two States, 
 but because the real New York of our imagination, the real New 
 York that we celebrate because of its enterprises, its industries and 
 genius, is much more than geographical New York, that we welcome 
 New Jersey here to-night as an essential part of it. 
 
 "Sometimes it is asked 'Should you spend as much money as is 
 being spent upon this Celebration ?' There are a great many people 
 who are always, in imagination, spending the money of rich men 
 and showing the many ways in which it can profitably be employed. 
 And doubtless they are right. There are many who are suggesting 
 philanthropic uses to which the vast sum might be put that is expended 
 in this Celebration. But I think the people of New York are now 
 agreed that this Celebration is worth while, is worth all that it costs. 
 You cannot have philanthropy carried to its fullest extent of activity; 
 you cannot have a city develop so that the community sentiment may 
 find adequate expression in the protection of all and in the prosecu- 
 tion of the good works of municipal endeavor, unless you develop 
 the patriotic sentiment and the civic pride of the city; and the money 
 that is now expended is buttressing the foundations of this great 
 metropolis. " 
 
 The Governor then spoke of the value of sentiment in binding 
 a community together, and the necessity of putting ideals 
 before the boys and girls wrho are studying history. He said: 
 
 "You must put before them ideals, and the ideals must be incarnated 
 in men, and our great historic valley, teeming with associations of the 
 best and bravest the world has ever seen, must become to them more 
 than a land of fancy. It must be a land famous for the exploits of 
 men who have been made real to them; strong unselfish men, men 
 who fought for liberty, and were willing to sacrifice everything in the 
 world in order that this people might not be ruled by tyrants, and that 
 under God's Heaven there should be one place where all men, 
 regardless of race and creed, should stand on an equal footing before 
 the law." 
 
 The remainder of his address was an elaboration of this 
 idea, with illustrations from the careers of Hudson and Fulton. 
 
Social Events in New York City 851 
 
 On the same evening, Tuesday, September 28, the sailors Sailors 
 from the American and foreign warships were entertained atg. 
 a special performance at the New York Hippodrome. It was drome 
 felt that in the midst of so many distinguished attentions to the 
 officers of the ships, the sailors should not be neglected, hence 
 the arrangements for their participation in the aquatic sports 
 (described in another chapter), the athletic games at Columbia 
 University, and the entertainment at the Hippodrome. The 
 latter was arranged by the Naval Parade Committee of the 
 Commission, Capt. Jacob W. Miller, Chairman, with the 
 cooperation of a committee of the Naval Reserve Association. 
 Mr. J. P. O'Shea, chairman of the Naval Reserve Committee, 
 attended to the details. By the generosity of the management 
 of the Hippodrome, the entire house was secured at a reduced 
 rate for this occasion and the Commission sent tickets free to 
 the men of every American and foreign ship. At the Hippo- 
 drome, cigars were furnished to the sailors by the Naval Parade 
 Committee. The immense auditorium of the Hippodrome was 
 nearly filled with about 5,500 officers and sailors, and "Jack 
 ashore" manifestly enjoyed the entertainment to the fullest 
 extent possible. The stage performance was such as can only 
 be given by the Hippodrome and was a unique treat to the 
 jackies. 
 
 In the early part of Wednesday evening, September 29, Dinner to 
 while the official guests of the Commission were participating '^'I'^e 
 in the Official Banquet at the Hotel Astor, Mrs. Stewart L. 
 Woodford, wife of the President of the Commission, and Mrs. 
 Seth Low, wife of the Chairman of the Reception Committee, 
 entertained the wives of the official guests, of the executive 
 officers of the Commission and of some of the Chairmen at 
 dinner at the Waldorf-Astoria. The table decorations were 
 American Beauty roses. At Mrs. Woodford's right hand sat 
 Mrs. James S. Sherman, wife of the Vice-President of the 
 United States, and at her left was Her Imperial Highness Prin- 
 
852 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Dinner to cess Kuniyoshi Kuni. At Mrs. Low's right sat Mrs. David J. 
 
 Ladies brewer, wife of Associate Justice Brewer of the United States 
 Supreme Court, and at her left Mrs. Charles E. Hughes, wife 
 of the Governor of New York. The others present were: Mrs. 
 Arai, Mrs. W. Courtenay Bennett, Mrs. Tunis G. Bergen, Mrs. 
 Daniel Butterfield, Mrs. Howard Carroll, Mrs. j. T. Cremer, 
 Miss van Eeghen, Mrs. W. A. F. Ekengren, Mrs. Charles S. 
 Francis, Mrs. O. Gude, Mrs. Edward Hagaman Hall, Mrs. J. 
 Borden Harriman, Mrs. J. Heldring, Mrs. Imanishi, Mrs. H. 
 W. Kennard, Mrs. Lam, Mrs. W. F. van Leeuwen, Mrs. 
 William Loeb, Jr., Mrs. J. Loudon, Mrs. Jacob W. Miller, 
 Mme. E. P. de Monchy, Mrs. J. B. Murdock, Mme. Nagasaki, 
 Mrs. Truman H. Newberry, Mme. Maurice Pescatore, Mrs. 
 George H. Prouty, Mrs. R. van Rees, Miss van Rees, Mrs. 
 Whitelaw Reid, Mrs. Herman Ridder, Mrs. Charles F. Roe, 
 Mrs. Henry W. Sackett, Mrs. Seaton Schroeder, Mrs. Hugh L. 
 Scott, Mrs. Isaac N. Seligman, Mrs. Charles D. Stickney, Mrs. 
 F. C. Stoop, Mrs. Jokichi Takamine, Mrs. George W. Wicker- 
 sham, Mrs. William R. Willcox, and Mrs. Leonard Wood. 
 There were no addresses. After dinner, the hostesses had the 
 guests taken in carriages to the Hotel Astor where they occupied 
 the boxes of the great banquet hall and heard the speeches. 
 
 Naval Differing from every other social affair of the Celebration 
 
 Fete at ^^g ^^ Garden Fete on the grounds of Columbia University 
 
 Columbia ° . , 
 
 Uni- on Saturday afternoon, October 2, from 2 until 6 o clock, 
 
 versity arranged by committees representing the Naval Committee of 
 the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission, the University, 
 and the Alumni of the United States Naval Academy. This 
 affair was prompted by the desire to afford the officers of the 
 foreign and American warships and the foreign delegates to 
 the Celebration an opportunity to meet the representative men 
 and women of New York in a freer social intercourse than had 
 been practicable at the other official functions of the Cele- 
 bration; and also by the wish to provide an additional enter- 
 
Social Events in New York City 853 
 
 tainment for the sailors from the warships. These two ends Naval 
 were attained by the dual nature of the affair — the Garden roiunjuj^ 
 Fete on the North Field and the sailors' entertainment on the Uni- 
 South Field. '"^'y 
 
 When the suggestion of holding a reception, under the 
 auspices of the Hudson-Fulton Naval Committee, to the Naval 
 and other guests on the grounds of Columbia University was 
 broached by Dr. George F. Kunz to Dr. Nicholas Murray 
 Butler, President of the University, he at once received the 
 suggestion with cordiality and appointed a committee to 
 represent the University to act with the Hudson-Fulton Naval 
 Committee. The University Committee consisted of Mr. Wm. 
 Curtis Demorest, Chairman; Mr. Charles A. Beard, Dr. T. M. 
 Cheesman, Mr. Frederick Coykendall, Mr. Dixon R. Fox, 
 Dean Frederick Arthur Goetze, Mr. Frederick P. Keppel, 
 Mr. Raymond C. Knox, Mr. William Langer, Mr. Benjamin 
 B. Lawrence, Mr. B. Aymar Sands, Col. Herbert L. Satterlee, 
 Mr. F. H. Saunders and Mr. Addison A. Van Tine. 
 
 The Special Committee on Garden Fete consisted of Dr. 
 George Frederick Kunz, Chairman, Mr. Samuel W. Fairchild, 
 and Lieut.-Com. R. S. Sloan. 
 
 The Naval Committee of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 Commission was represented by Capt. Jacob W. Miller, Chair- 
 man; Capt. William J. Baxter, Dr. George Frederick Kunz, 
 Capt. J. B. Murdock, Mr. Louis T. Romaine, Lieut.-Com. 
 R S. Sloan, Lieut.-Com. Aaron Vanderbilt and Capt. Aaron 
 Ward. 
 
 Col. Robert M. Thompson, a member of the Naval Com- 
 mittee of the Commission and President of the United States 
 Naval Academy Alumni Association, represented the latter 
 body. 
 
 For the purposes of the fete the trustees of the University, 
 with great courtesy, placed at the disposal of the special com- 
 mittee charged with this matter the entire North and South 
 
854 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Naval Fields of the beautiful grounds of that institution, on Morning- 
 Columbia ^'"^^ Heights, as well as the Boat House at ii6th street and 
 Dni- Riverside Drive, an area six blocks (1,500 feet) long and an 
 versi y avenue block (700 feet) wide, the largest adaptable space on 
 Manhattan Island. 
 
 A more beautiful spot for a garden fete could hardly be 
 imagined, and the special committee having been so fortunate 
 as to secure it, nothing remained but the material organization 
 of the affair. To facilitate this, Mr. Frederic Sterry, manager 
 of the Plaza Hotel, very kindly placed a large room at the 
 service of the Naval Committee, to be used as headquarters 
 for the special committees entrusted with the management of 
 the fete. The necessary funds were provided by subscriptions 
 of $100 each from a number of prominent New York ladies, 
 each subscriber having the right to issue twenty tickets, fifteen 
 of which were to be exclusively for ladies. This arrangement 
 was made by Col. Robert M. Thompson, who suggested that, 
 as the invited guests were mostly men, it was desirable to assure 
 the presence of as many of the fair sex as possible; and this 
 unquestionably added much to the brilliancy of the festival. 
 The official invitations were issued under the auspices of the 
 Naval Committee of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commis- 
 sion, the Special Committee on Garden Fete, the Alumni 
 Association of the United States Naval Academy, and the com- 
 mittee representing Columbia University. 
 
 The success of the affair even exceeded the expectations of 
 the organizers. The day chosen was a typical autumn day and 
 the weather conditions were ideal. From about 2 p. m., until 
 7 p. M., the guests were received in two huge marquees on the 
 North Field, one being on either side of the gymnasium. These 
 were fitted with rugs and chairs, and the guests were introduced 
 to the patronesses by members of the Reception Committee. 
 
 The reception was held in the northeastern part of the 
 grounds — a primeval remnant of the North Wood — near the 
 
Social Events in New York City 855 
 
 gymnasium. The receiving committee consisted of Col. Naval 
 Robert M.Thompson, Chairman ; Dr. George Frederick Kunz, Columbia 
 and Mr. William Curtis Demorest, marshal. Among the Uni- 
 receiving ladies were Mrs. Frederick Vanderbilt, Mrs. Charles ^^^^ ^ 
 B. Alexander, Mrs. Nicholas Murray Butler, Mrs. R. Fulton 
 Cutting, Mme. Imanishi, Miss Annie Leary, Mrs. Thomas A. 
 Edison, Mrs. George F. Kunz, Mrs. Samuel W. Fairchild, 
 Mrs. William C. Demorest, Mrs. H. Fairchild Osborn, Mrs. 
 Stephen H. Olin and Mrs. Frank S. Witherbee. 
 
 The entire University was thrown open to the guests, many 
 hundreds of whom had never visited it before, and were sur- 
 prised and delighted with the magnificence and completeness 
 of its buildings and equipment. 
 
 The beauty and picturesqueness of the festival were enhanced 
 by the brilliant uniforms worn by many of the guests; and 
 naturally the presence of the admirals, Governor Hughes, and 
 other officials served to make the occasion a memorable one. 
 The Moroccan delegates, in their Oriental costumes, attracted 
 much attention and emphasized the international character 
 of the assemblage. More than 6,000 persons were assem- 
 bled in the grounds. Among the foreign guests were Prince 
 and Princess Kuni; Admiral of the Fleet Sir Edward Seymour; 
 Grossadmiral von Koester; Admiral le Pord; Zia Pasha, 
 the Turkish Ambassador; M. Lefevre-Pontalis, the Charge 
 d' Affaires of France at Washington; Lord and Lady Algernon 
 Gordon-Lennox; the Ma'-quis of Villalobar, the new Spanish 
 Envoy; Wu Tong-Fang, the Chinese Minister; Count Wedel, 
 the German Charge d'Aff'aires at Washington; Count Moltke, 
 the Minister of Denmark; M. Darboux, the French special 
 delegate to the Hudson-Fulton Celebration; the Italian Vice- 
 Admiral, Alfonso di Brocchetti; Count de Buisseret; Capt. 
 Fillippo; Baron de Bourouill and Baron Ambrozy. 
 
 The grounds were decorated with 5,000 flags furnished 
 by the American and foreign warships and by the Brook- 
 
856 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Haval lyn Navy Yard. The rich variety and combination of col- 
 Columbia °'^^' artistically displayed against the green background of 
 Dni- the trees, made a dignified and beautiful decoration, and these 
 ▼ersi y symbols of national patriotism added a touch of color and 
 sentiment to the ideal natural grove wherein the festival was 
 held. The charm of the spectacle was enhanced by music per- 
 formed by bands from the English, German, Mexican, French 
 and American warships. The collation for the 5,000 guests 
 was served by Maresi, the well-known caterer. It was evident 
 from the expressions of the foreigners that the open air and 
 sylvan character of the entertainment appealed especially to 
 them. 
 
 For those who were fond of dancing, ample facilities were 
 provided in the large gymnasium where as many as 2,000 
 dancers were on the floor at one time. The music was fur- 
 nished by an orchestra of 100 pieces, selected from the bands 
 of the American warships. 
 
 The historic character of the Celebration was not forgotten 
 even in this essentially social function. The members of the 
 Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission had determined that 
 none but New York Indians should figure in the Celebration, 
 and they were most fortunate in securing, through Mr. F. E. 
 Moore, of Middletown, Ohio, some 150 Indians from New 
 York reservations. These were direct descendants of the 
 Iroquois Five Nations — the Onondagas, Mohawks, Oneidas, 
 Cayugas and Senecas. The scions of the Tuscaroras — in- 
 cluded in the later confederacy of the Six Nations — did not 
 participate, as they have all been converted to Christianity and 
 hence have not preserved their old dances and ceremonies. 
 These Indians, who had taken part in the great Historical 
 Pageant, were encamped in the extreme northeastern part of 
 the grounds, and at intervals during the afternoon they gave 
 some of their native dances and performed some of their native 
 ceremonies. A striking dramatic effect was produced when 
 
Social Events in New York City 857 
 
 Mr. Moore appeared, dressed in the style of Henry Hudson's Naval 
 time and impersonating the navigator, and, walking toward the Columbia 
 Indians, extended to them a friendly greeting. Sitting down Uni- 
 in their midst he solemnly accepted the pipe of peace, and 
 offered as gifts strings of bright colored beads, which were 
 received with manifestations of delight and were passed from 
 hand to hand. For a moment, those who could forget their 
 very modern surroundings were transported back to the far 
 away past. At the close the Indians insisted upon having the 
 v/ater dance, a special luck dance with them, and an honor 
 rarely given to one not a member of the tribe. 
 
 While the Garden Fete was in progress in the North Field, 
 in the South Field were gathered no less than 8,000 men from 
 the warships of our own and foreign countries. Here a 
 temporary stage had been erected on which an "International 
 Vaudeville" was given, to the great delight of the assem- 
 bled sailors. This was followed by a series of friendly trials 
 of strength and skill between picked men from the crews of 
 several foreign and American warships; a tug of war, a mile 
 relay race, and a game of "soccer" football. Although the 
 American sailors carried off all the prizes — except in the 
 football game, in which they did not compete — this did not 
 seem in any way to dampen the general enthusiasm. The 
 liberal distribution of sandwiches, beer and cigars contributed 
 not a little to the enjoyment of the visitors. 
 
 After all obligations had been met, it was found that about 
 $1,900 remained unexpended. Of this balance, $400 was 
 spent to repair damages sustained by the flooring of the Boat 
 House during the Hudson-Fulton Celebration; ^500 was 
 appropriated for the care of the Boat House, and the remaining 
 ^1,000 was placed in the hands of the Alumni Association of 
 Columbia University, the interest to be expended for an 
 athletic prize, called the Hudson-Fulton Athletic Prize, the 
 first races to take place Saturday, May 14, on the Hudson 
 
858 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 River, near Columbia University. While this prize will be 
 awarded for excellence in such games as may be selected by 
 the trustees of the fund, it will usually be given to winners of 
 aquatic contests. 
 
 As souvenirs of this memorable occasion, a number of 
 photographs were taken; and fifty of these, together with the 
 programs, cards of invitation and newspaper cuttings giving 
 many interesting details regarding the Garden Fete, will be 
 bound in a handsome volume, and deposited in the Library 
 of Columbia University, as a testimonial of the gratitude of 
 the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission for the courtesies 
 extended by the trustees of the University. 
 Pilgrim Qn Monday evening, October 4, the Pilgrims of the United 
 Banquet States, a Society formed originally in London, with the specific 
 motive of increasing Anglo-American friendship and good 
 fellowship, and which numbers among its members some of 
 the most distinguished citizens of New York, gave a banquet 
 in honor of the Admiral of the Fleet, Sir Edward Hobart Sey- 
 mour, G. C. B., O. M., G. C. V. O., the official representative 
 of the British Government to the Hudson-Fulton Celebration, 
 and Rear-Admiral Frederick Tower Hamilton, C. V. O., 
 commanding His Majesty's Fifth Cruiser Squadron. The 
 function was a brilliant one, over 500 being present. The 
 President of the Pilgrims, Mr. W. Butler Duncan, presided, 
 and proposed the time-honored and loyal toasts of "The Presi- 
 dent of the United States" and "His Majesty, the King." 
 Speeches were made by Admiral Seymour; United States Attor- 
 ney-General George W. Wickersham; Hon. Job E. Hedges; 
 Mr. Melville E. Stone, General Manager of the Associated 
 Press, and Mr. F. C. Moberly Bell, of the London Times. The 
 officers of the Pilgrims are as follows: 
 
 President: Mr. W. Butler Duncan. 
 
 Vice-Presidents: Hon. Joseph H. Choate, Hon. Stewart L. Woodford, Mr. 
 J. Pierpont Morgan, Admiral Lord Charles Beresford, G. C. B., G. C. V. O., 
 and Mr. F. Cunliffe-Owen. 
 
Social Events in New York City 859 
 
 Treasurer: Mr. William Curtis Demorest. 
 
 Secretary: Mr. George William Burleigh. 
 
 Executive Committee: Mr. George T. Wilson, Chairman; Admiral Lord 
 Charles Beresford, G. C. B., G. C. V. O., Mr. George William Burleigh, President 
 Nicholas Murray Butler, Hon. Joseph H. Choate, Mr. E. F. Darrell, Mr. William 
 Curtis Demorest, Mr. W. Butler Duncan, Mr. R. H. Ewart, Mr. Lawrence 
 L. Gillespie, Hon. John W. Griggs, Col. George Harvey, Mr. Louis C. Hay, 
 Mr. Hamilton W. Mabie, Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan, Col. John J. McCook, 
 Mr. Herbert Noble, Mr. Robert C. Ogden, Mr. F. CunlifFe-Owen, Hon. Alton 
 B. Parker, Mr. R. A. C. Smith, Mr. James Speyer, Mr. George Gray Ward, 
 Mr. Frederick W. Whitridge, Hon. Stewart L. Woodford, and Mr. Hunter 
 Wykes. 
 
 No two events during the Hudson-Fulton Celebration wereGennao 
 alike, and each in turn brought about a new relation between 
 the principal participants. The great banquet given by the 
 representatives of the German, Austria-Hungarian and Swiss 
 Societies in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel on Thursday evening, 
 October 7, and which brought together the highest naval 
 representatives of the German and British empires, was one 
 of extraordinary interest. The sentiments uttered on this 
 occasion possessed such great significance that we give place 
 to the very full notice following which is kindly prepared by Mr. 
 Charles M. Loth: 
 
 The banquet was in honor of the representatives of the 
 governments of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary and 
 Switzerland in attendance at the Hudson-Fulton Celebration. 
 Upon the floor of the ballroom were seated 600 guests while 
 the boxes contained scores of beautifully gowned women. 
 
 The toastmaster was Mr. Herman Ridder, sitting between 
 Grossadmiral von Koester and Admiral of the Fleet Seymour, 
 while to the right and left sat the Hon. George B. McClellan, 
 Baron Louis Ambrozy, Dr. Paul Ritter, Rear-Admiral F. T. 
 Hamilton, Mr. Henry J. Landolt, Gen. Stewart L. Woodford, 
 Consul-General C. W. Bennett, Capt. Torlesse, Consul-General 
 R. Franksen, Mr. Lloyd B. Sanderson, Consul-General Alex- 
 ander von Nuber, Captain Nicholson, Hon. Seth Low, Hon. 
 
86o The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Capt. H. Brand, Captain Lambert, Hon. Herman A. Metz, 
 Mr. Isaac N. Seligman, Kapitan zur See Mauve, Mr. Edward 
 Bennecke, Col. Henry W. Sackett, Fregattenkapitan Varren- 
 trappe, Kapitan zur See Engelhardt, Rev. Ambrose Schumack, 
 Mr. Hubert Cillis, Kapitan zur See Hopman, Korvettenkapitan 
 Retzmann, Mr. Theodore Henninger, Mr. Rhd. Siedenburg. 
 
 The Rev. Ambrose Schumack of St. Fidelis Church at 
 College Point said grace before dinner. After dinner, Mr. 
 Ridder proposed a toast to "The Presidentof the United States," 
 and then a toast to "The Foreign Governments." 
 
 Mayor Mayor McClellan responded to the latter as follows: 
 
 McClel- 
 
 lan at "It is exceedingly appropriate that the Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 German should be brought to its close by this dinner of the German, Aus- 
 anquet trian-Hungarian and Swiss societies, at which are gathered the three 
 chief causes of a most successful week — the distinguished delegates 
 from abroad, so admirably represented this evening by the command- 
 ers of the squadrons in the harbor; the German-speaking societies, 
 to whose good taste and artistic sense was due the climax of the 
 Celebration in the Carnival Parade; and Mr. Herman Ridder, 
 without whom the Celebration never would have been undertaken 
 and but for whom it never could have been carried to a triumphant 
 conclusion. For the last four years he has devoted much of his time, 
 his power of organization, his executive ability and his brains to the 
 work of the Commission. When others have doubted, he has believed. 
 His tact and courtesy, his good temper and his perseverance have 
 been the encouragement and inspiration of the entire community. 
 I most heartily assure him of the appreciation and gratitude of his 
 fellow citizens. 
 
 "I am of the almost numberless admirers of the German Emperor 
 who believe that he is one of the truly great men of our period. He 
 is the supreme war-lord of the German Empire, but, far more than 
 that, during his reign of twenty-one years he has been the most potent 
 force for the preservation of European peace. We people of the 
 United States have often been the recipients of his good will and 
 friendship, but no thought of his has been more graceful or more 
 courteous than that which prompted him to send to this Celebration 
 as his representative Grossadmira! von Koester. 
 
Social Events in New York City 86 1 
 
 "The distinguished guest of the evening has accomplished an Mayor 
 achievement far more important in the cause of humanity and civiliza- . "^ * ' 
 tion than even the discovery of the pole or the conquest of the air. Germaa 
 All the world admires a sailor and a gallant gentleman. Gross- Banquet 
 admiral von Koester, by his personality and tact and charm, has 
 found his way to the affections and conquered the hearts of the 
 people of New York. 
 
 "This Celebration of ours, in honor of the spirit of our time and 
 belonging to all the world, has been truly international in its scope, 
 and so this dinner given by the German-speaking societies belongs 
 to more than the men of German speech, for we are gathered here, 
 members of the great Germanic family, which is scattered as world- 
 wide as is our civilization. 
 
 "Wherever the European has found his way, he has planted the 
 Germanic stock and it has taken root and grown, so that there is 
 scarcely a white race in the world that has not its infusion of Teutonic 
 blood; and whether we speak German or Hollandish or English, 
 yes, or Italian or French, we are members of the same family, brothers 
 descended from the same parent and our motherland is upon the 
 shores of the Baltic, the land of the rivers and the hills and the forests 
 of northern Germany. As the past belonged to Rome, as ' Roman 
 citizen' was synonymous with the 'civilized man' of two thousand 
 years ago, so the present belongs to us and to the Teutonic blood 
 that is in our veins. 
 
 "Yesterday we know, and to-day. To-morrow depends upon 
 ourselves. The dominant races of the past had their opportunity, 
 reached a certain point and failed. The sands of time have blown 
 over them and the places of their triumphs know them no more. They 
 failed because their stock and blood lacked a something which, 
 when put to the test, did not meet the emergency. They failed 
 because prosperity and success and world dominion caused them to 
 forget that there is something else to live for than the gratification of 
 selfish ambition. If we are to continue to rule the world; if we, the 
 peoples of European origin who to-day control three-quarters of the 
 habitable globe, are to continue on the path of progress we have 
 marked out, it depends upon ourselves, depends upon whether or no 
 we are true to the ideals of the past, true to the principles we profess 
 in the present. 
 
862 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Mayor "War, even when unavoidable, is always abhorrent to healthy 
 
 "^ *' minds. War among members of the same family is horrible almost 
 
 German beyond contemplation. Rivalry and emulation there must be if the 
 
 Banquet world is to continue to develop, but let it be the rivalry of commerce 
 
 and the emulation of learning and not that of the field of battle. For 
 
 nearly forty years the great nations of Europe have been at peace 
 
 with one another. God grant that they may always continue so. 
 
 "Our mission in this world, the mission of our Germanic race, is 
 to complete the work we have begun, to extend the spirit of civiliza- 
 tion beyond Europe and America until some day it reaches from pole 
 to pole and covers the whole surface of the earth; not the spirit of 
 greed, of double dealing and of strife that has, alas, only too often made 
 the white man's name a by-word among the inferior races, but the 
 spirit of human brotherhood and love that teaches a willingness to 
 live and let live, to respect the rights of others as we expect them to 
 respect ours, so that the name of the white man will some day become 
 synonymous with justice and with truth. 
 
 "If we but do our duty, our ultimate destiny is to lead the march 
 of human progress from victory to victory, from triumph to triumph 
 and from conquest to conquest, always onward and upward, always 
 nearer to our God, until some day, in God's good time and in God's 
 own way, we shall have conquered the whole world — not the material 
 world, not the world of continents and oceans, of cities and of men, 
 but the spiritual world, the world of learning and of thought, of 
 science and of art, the world of honor and of righteousness, not 
 subjugated by the force of arms, but conquered by the force of our 
 good example. 
 
 "I, the Mayor, bid you all a sincere and a hearty welcome. Let 
 me assure you who have come from across the seas that we have 
 tried our best to make you understand the reality of our great world 
 family, so that in coming to us you should not feel that you have gone 
 abroad but that on arriving at New York, you should know that you 
 had reached another home. 
 
 "Meine Herren: Ich ersuche Sie, mit mir anzustossen auf das 
 Bluehen und Gedeihen der Bruederschaft der germanischen Nationen, 
 weit und breit zerstreut in der ganzen Welt und tausend Zungen 
 redend, aber alle Kinder einer Mutter, einig in ihren Zwecken, ihren 
 Hoffnungen, ihrem gerechten Streben." 
 
Social Events in New York City 863 
 
 After the band had played the German, Austrian and Swiss 
 national hymns, Mr. Ridder introduced Grossadmiral von 
 Koester, "than whom no better alternate could have been sent 
 by the German Emperor to represent him at the Celebration." 
 
 Grossadmiral von Koester began by assuring Mayor Admiral 
 McClellan of his high appreciation of the kind and friendly Koester 
 sentiments enunciated in his address. Then turning to Mr. at the 
 Ridder he thanked him for having tendered the guests attend- g^^^t 
 ing the Hudson-Fulton Celebration the opportunity of meeting 
 once more together, an opportunity which he considered to be 
 a most fitting finale of this grand Celebration. He also expressed 
 thanks in behalf of the officers of the German squadron resting 
 at anchor in the waters of the Hudson. 
 
 "I have been deeply touched," continued the Admiral, "by the 
 kindly greeting given to us, the representatives of the German Emperor. 
 The Celebration has done more than anything else in recent years to 
 cement the friendship which should and does exist between the Ger- 
 man and American peoples. This banquet to-night brings to a close 
 a series of festivities which we have enjoyed with one another in 
 splendid harmony. It has been a Celebration of friendship such as 
 has never before been arranged by any one city. Our banquet 
 to-night bears the same imprint of harmony. The German-speaking 
 nationalities have united in common celebration granting us the 
 pleasant opportunity to meet here so many representatives of the 
 Austrian, Hungarian and Swiss societies. To you all I tender my 
 hearty thanks as also those of my comrades. I also wish to thank the 
 German societies for their hospitality shown to our non-commissioned 
 officers and men, a hospitality which bears evidence in the most 
 charming and noble shape of their allegiance to the old fatherland, 
 and which will cause the days spent on the shores of the beautiful 
 Hudson to be kept in grateful memory forever by our boys in blue. 
 
 "Another cause for gratification is the opportunity offered us this 
 evening to meet once more the leading men of the never-resting and 
 indefatigable Hudson-Fulton Commission who have at all hours 
 received us with open arms and whose friendship shall never be 
 forgotten. An equally momentous cause for gratification is the 
 
864 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Admiral presence here this evening of the chief of the British squadron now 
 
 J°° sojourning at this harbor, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Edward Seymour, 
 
 Koester ■", ^ ^ .' _ . •,-, r-jf 
 
 at the '° whom we German-JNavy othcers refer with pride as a friend of our 
 
 German navy. May nothing ever happen that could break our friendship. 
 
 Banquet America should feel proud that this country is the one place where we 
 
 could have met in such a way. 
 
 "Gentlemen, I would not undertake to speak to-night of the Hud- 
 son-Fulton Celebration. This is a subject to be enlarged upon after 
 my return home, for it would be difficult after the fine and eloquent 
 eulogies we have heard during the past fourteen days to add anything 
 new or more brilliant in praise of those two great men. I simply 
 wish to reduce to a few words the deep impressions left on me during 
 my short stay here and how I realize in a profound way the marvelous 
 progress which this mighty emporium had made since my former 
 visit thirty-five years ago. 
 
 "Commerce and trade have grown to such gigantic extent that the 
 transportation of this great City surpasses everything heretofore 
 witnessed and we Germans are proud to seeour flag therein so promi- 
 nently represented. We take pride in the popularity of the fine and 
 elegant fast steamers of our two great Hanseatic steamship lines, and 
 we take pride in the good repute in which in this country is held the 
 name of the German sailor. 
 
 "At the sights of the mighty undulations of your vast City of New 
 York along the woody shores of your magnificent Hudson we have 
 had occasion to admire the ascent of your industries, and we cherish 
 the hope to be able to work hand in hand with you for all future time. 
 It would lead me too far to enter in detail into all the fields conquered 
 by your advanced technic, but we look with astonishment at the 
 wonderful development of your methods of transportation which have 
 become the model for the whole world. Rich mines are being 
 exploited, and vast fields of activity of the extent of which we in Europe 
 can scarcely form an adequate conception, have been opened by the 
 industriousness of the people of your country. 
 
 " But you have also cultivated art and science — we had occasion 
 the other day to admire the fine institutions of your Columbia Univer- 
 sity — and your universities exert their potent and untiring energies 
 to promote the progress of our two continents through our common 
 and beneficial efforts. 
 
Social Events in New York City 865 
 
 "These are great and paramount impressions not briefly to be Admiral 
 registered, and their importance is still stronger enforced upon my ^ 
 
 mind in view of the influence the German element has wielded in pro- ^t the 
 moting these developments and in view of the appreciation which German 
 is here accorded to it on all sides. Banquet 
 
 "German conscientiousness, German thoroughness and German 
 diligence have participated conspicuously in the creation of this great 
 and mighty commonwealth, and I am proud to say that my former 
 countrymen are occupying prominent positions in all walks of this 
 country's life. The continuous influence of the German element 
 which includes our Austrian, Hungarian and Swiss friends, is recog- 
 nizable in almost every domain of your national life. 
 
 "For the greater part you gentlemen have either been born in this 
 country or have become citizens of the United States and consequently 
 your interests gravitate toward strengthening and fortifying this 
 wonderful country. There is, nevertheless, an ideal cord binding 
 you to your old home, which, notwithstanding your loyalty and 
 affection for your new home, need not be severed and which makes 
 you feel proud of your descent. The more vivid and intense this 
 ideal cord, the more sincere respect and consideration will be shown 
 to the German name. And you will certainly enhance the degree of 
 this esteem through your own unity. You know this has not always 
 been our strong point, but I would like to recall to your mind that 
 good and true old saying: 'In unity is strength.' 
 
 "The festivals of last week have proved that in spite of all your 
 varied activity you can also engage successfully in works as thoroughly 
 artistic and uncommercial in nature as this Celebration has been, and 
 that your hospitality and amity cannot be surpassed anywhere in 
 the world. 
 
 "I am highly pleased with this mark of esteem that my fellow- 
 countrymen, now citizens of this great land, have set aside for me and 
 I shall cherish it as a most lasting memory. Little did I imagine 
 when I came here to take command of the German squadron during 
 this wonderful Celebration, that it would be such a wonderful sight, 
 and little did I dream of the kindly feeling that was waiting for me 
 and for all the foreign guests in this beautiful City. 
 
 "Gentlemen, I thank you for this dinner in my honor and I hope 
 sincerely that it won't be long before I may again visit your hospitable 
 55 
 
866 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 shores and have the pleasure of once more grasping the hand of friend- 
 ship that has been extended to me here to-night." 
 
 Admiral Mr. Ridder introduced the next speaker with the following 
 
 Seymour 
 at the 
 
 words: 
 
 German "We are honored to-night by the great Admiral who re 
 
 Banque 
 
 presents 
 
 England at our Celebration. As our friend and a warm personal 
 friend of Grossadmiral von Koester, he is doubly welcome and I 
 am sure that I speak out of the hearts of every one in giving expression 
 to the hope that their meeting may always be as happy as on this 
 occasion, and in this spirit, I ask you to rise and drink to the health 
 of Sir Edward Seymour." 
 
 Admiral Seymour said: 
 
 "In coming here to-night I feel between two friendly nations. I 
 have always respected and admired the German sailors and the 
 German officers, and I take pleasure in speaking of my meeting with 
 Admiral von Koester as one of the most truly pleasant things of the 
 whole Celebration. I have met and served with him, who was then 
 Captain von Koester, in China with the allied troops. When my 
 flag captain was dangerously wounded in action, I asked Captain 
 von Koester if he would assist me, and if I was shot down, to take over 
 the command of the expedition. He supported me most loyally 
 throughout the expedition and could not have been more devoted if 
 he had been an officer in the British Navy under my command. I 
 am proud to call Admiral von Koester my friend. I hope that these 
 friendly meetings may occur many times again. 
 
 "Now I am a sailor. Admiral von Koester is a sailor. I want the 
 British Navy to be what it should be and I have no doubt that von 
 Koester wants the German Navy to be what it should be. We 
 British have looked across the North Sea and have noted and admired 
 the skill and perseverance of the German shipbuilders. Emulation 
 in navy building should not mean warlike feeling — it does not in 
 commercial emulation. All sailors have a friendly feeling for one 
 another, and I know that von Koester and myself have only the 
 friendliest feeling between us. 
 
 "This is my last public appearance in New York and I wish to state 
 here that neither I nor my officers ever dreamed that we would have 
 such a reception as has been accorded to us in this country." 
 
Social Events in New York City 867 
 
 The next speaker was Baron Louis Ambrozy, Charge Baron 
 d' Affaires of the Austrian-Hungarian Embassy at Washington, 
 who enlarged in eloquent words upon German fidelity to friend 
 and ally. 
 
 He was followed by Dr. Paul Ritter, Swiss Minister Pleni- Doctor 
 potentiary at Washington, who spoke in praise of the great 
 neighbor at home and expressed the hope for lasting friendship 
 and cooperation of all the peoples of German tongue and the 
 United States of America. 
 
 The Chairman next called upon the President of the Hudson- 
 Fulton Celebration Commission. 
 
 General Woodford said that praise for the success of the General 
 Celebration was due above all to the energy, perseverance, Y°°^' 
 tact and indefatigable work of his loyal collaborator and "chief- 
 of-staff,"Mr. Herman Ridder, of whose merits in bringing about 
 the glorious achievement of the great undertaking mere words 
 could give no adequate measure. To the Germans of New York 
 also high praise was due for their enthusiasm evinced during 
 the preparation for the Celebration and in the brilliant execu- 
 tion of those parts assigned to them. He lauded their dis- 
 cipline, their love for beauty, for art and music, all of which 
 high qualities have manifested themselves in a most splendid 
 and convincing manner in the magnificent carnival parades. 
 On their western passage, the speaker continued, on their 
 migration from their old to their new home, the Germans had 
 brought with them the ideals of their fatherland and had ever 
 upheld them in their new homes. This firm fidelity and devo- 
 tion to the grand and sublime which had distinguished the 
 Teutonic race ever since the great national migration and their 
 western march on which they had reached not America alone, 
 but had encircled the whole world, had been a blessing for the 
 whole world and had matured ever new and finer fruits all over 
 the earth. 
 
868 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon, The last speaker of the evening was the Hon. Seth Low, who 
 
 Low at spoke on the relations between the East and the West. 
 German u j^. j^ ^ great pleasure to me to be present this evening at the Ban- 
 quet given by the German-Americans of New York in honor of 
 Grossadmiral von Koester. I am glad to have this opportunity to 
 bear my testimony, as one of the members of the Hudson-Fulton 
 Celebration Commission, to our very high appreciation of the friendly 
 act of the German Emperor in sending as his personal representative 
 to this Celebration the distinguished gentlemen who is your guest of 
 honor to-night. The presence of Admiral von Koester has added 
 distinction to the Celebration in all its aspects, and he will take back 
 with him to Germany, as Prince Henry of Prussia did before him, a 
 large measure of the esteem and admiration of the people of New York. 
 We looked upon his appointment as Special Delegate on behalf of 
 Germany, when it was made, as only another evidence of the friendly 
 feeling between Germany and the United States, which has been 
 unbroken and substantially unruffled during all our history. Now 
 that we have had the pleasure of meeting Admiral von Koester 
 personally, that which we interpreted at first as a very 'friendly act,' 
 in the diplomatic sense of the word, we now interpret as an exceed- 
 ingly friendly act in its personal significance. For the Admiral has 
 charmed by his personality all who have come into contact with him. 
 "Any one who has followed the progress of this Celebration must 
 have been impressed by the large part which has been taken in it by 
 the German-American population of New York. I cannot deny 
 myself the pleasure of saying, Mr. Chairman,* in the presence of this 
 company, what everyboy knows, that no one has done more than 
 yourself to make this Celebration what it has been. Many others 
 have cooperated, of course, but I think I may say with literal truth- 
 fulness, that your enthusiasm, your courage, and your untiring efforts 
 have inspired us all to do better than otherwise we should have done. 
 But beyond all this, which is in a certain sense personal and accidental, 
 it cannot have escaped notice that, whereas the historical parade ot 
 Tuesday revealed the cosmopolitan character of the population of 
 New York City, the Carnival Parade of Saturday evening, which 
 was of equal magnitude, was composed entirely of our fellow-citizens 
 
 ' Addressing Mr. Herman Ridder 
 
Social Events in New York City 869 
 
 of German, Austrian and German-Swiss descent. Three of the five Hon. 
 concerts given for the entertainment of our guests were given by the ^^' 
 Liederkranz, the Arion, and the United German Singers, those Qemian 
 splendid singing societies which have done so much for the cause of Banquet 
 music in the City of New York. In the presence of facts hke these, 
 it is easy to believe what we are told, that one-third of the population 
 of New York City has German blood in its veins. 
 
 "This suggests a fact in connection with the United States which 
 is of the first importance. In most of the countries of the world 
 the citizens or subjects are such because they have been born citizens 
 or subjects; but in the United States a very important percentage 
 of the total population are citizens of this country as the result of 
 personal choice. It used to be the rule, 'Once a subject, always a 
 subject;' but, largely owing to the influence of the United States, 
 the right of the citizen or subject to change his allegiance is now almost 
 universally admitted. It is because of this fact of personal choice, 
 which underlies so much of our citizenship, that we of the United 
 States would fearlessly trust the honor of our flag to any element of 
 our population, even against the country of their origin, were the 
 misfortune of a great war to overtake us. I can illustrate my thought 
 by an instance drawn from the German-American citizenship of this 
 city. Dr. Abraham Jacobi is one of the Germans who came to this 
 country many years ago as a result of the uprisings of 1848 in the 
 Fatherland. Later in life he became so eminent in his specialty of the 
 diseases of children that he received an invitation from the University 
 of Berlin to accept that chair in the Berlin University, an invitation 
 involving the greatest possible honor to its recipient. Dr. Jacobi's 
 reply was, that America had given to him his opportunity; and that 
 while he valued the invitation as he should, he wished to give the 
 service of his professional skill to the country in which, from choice, 
 he had made his home. 
 
 "On the other hand, it remains true that, precisely as, for me, 
 England is my Mother Country, so, for the Americans of German 
 descent, Germany is the Fatherland, and all of us Americans, just 
 because we ourselves feel this strong attachment to the country of our 
 origin, respect and sympathize with the same attachment on the part 
 of our fellow citizens of different descent. Because this is so, we 
 fondly hope that all fear of serious misunderstanding between the 
 
870 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. United States and other countries from which our people largely come 
 
 ^' may be forever dismissed from mind; because this mutuality of 
 
 German population, if I may call it so, helps to interpret the different nations 
 
 Banquet of the world to us, and us to them. For, among nations as among 
 
 individuals, good understanding is the basis of good feeling. The 
 
 fact thathere, throughout the length and breadth oftheland,ourcitizens 
 
 of so many different origins live together on terms of amity and good 
 
 will is itself an illustration of what may yet be hoped for among the 
 
 countries of their diverse origin, as good understanding takes the place 
 
 of misunderstanding, and good neighborhood takes the place of 
 
 purely formal relationship. 
 
 "As a result of the facilities for travel which are characteristic of 
 our day, the nations of the modern world are being brought into 
 contact with each other as never before. President Wheeler, of the 
 University of California, in a recent speech made at the dinner of 
 the American Asiatic Association, pointed out that all of the world 
 lying west of the Hydaspes River, the point vi'hich marked the furthest 
 reach of the conquests of Alexander the Great, had developed more 
 or less directly under the influence of the civilization of the Mediter- 
 ranean, while all the world lying beyond the Hydaspes ^ India, 
 China and Japan — had developed, until recently, untouched by that 
 civilization; so that to-day the East and West are looking into each 
 other's eyes after a development that has been different for century 
 after century; with a different social order, with a different code of 
 morals, with a different literature, with a different religious faith; in 
 a word, with everything different that tends to make individuality 
 in a nation. What will come out of the close contact forced upon 
 both East and West by the developments of modern life it is impossible 
 to foresee; but this at least is clear, that if a good understanding is 
 permanently to prevail, it must begin with a recognition of this funda- 
 mental difference in training. Such a recognition must take every 
 serious difference in point of view for granted, and both East and West 
 must try to discover, behind these differences in point of view, what 
 is fine and admirable in each other's civilization. Approached in 
 that spirit, it is reasonable to believe that the close contact necessitated 
 between East and West, in our modern times, may prove to be for 
 the advantage of both. If approached in any other spirit, no one 
 can imagine the disastrous consequences that may follow. 
 
Social Events in New York City 871 
 
 "What is thus true of the whole West and the whole East is par- Hon. 
 
 daily true as regards the nations of the West in their relations with ^* 
 
 ■^ ° Low at 
 
 each other. The old isolation is gone forever for every people; Qgj.^j^jj 
 
 and there is no greater obligation upon any nation to-day than to Banquet 
 try to understand, and to enter into sympathy with, that which is 
 finest and best in every other nation. I know that out of such new 
 contacts of the nations new differences of interest will appear; and I 
 know that every nation is ready to contend to the utmost for that 
 which appears to it to be a matter of vital interest. The thought 
 that I wish to present is, that in these days of free intercourse between 
 the people of all nations, the prosperity of every nation is likely to be 
 for the advantage of every other nation. I cannot imagine any greater 
 misfortune that can befall mankind than to have any two of the great 
 nations of the world feel that their interests necessitate a trial of strength 
 with each other. No great nations can fight to-day without involv- 
 ing all the other nations of the world in the consequences of their 
 struggle more directly than ever before. We of the United States, 
 I am confident, may be relied upon to do everything in our power to 
 develop a world public opinion that will powerfully help to main- 
 tain the peace of the world. I feel very sure, for example, that the 
 invitation from the German-Americans of New York City to Admiral 
 Seymour and Admiral Hamilton and the officers of the British Fleet 
 to be present this evening at this dinner in honor of Admiral von 
 Koester is no mere compliment, due to the etiquette of the occasion. 
 I believe that it represents the most sincere hope of the German- 
 American population, not only of New York City but of the whole 
 United States, that Germany and England and the United States 
 may always live together on terms of constantly increasing amity and 
 good will. 
 
 "In 1893 the eminent German physicist, Von Helmholz, came to 
 America to attend the World's Fair at Chicago. While he was my 
 guest in the City of New York, Alexander Graham Bell, a Scotchman 
 by birth, an American by adoption, came all the way from Halifax 
 in order to say to Von Helmholz, as he did in my presence, that the 
 invention of the telephone was made possible by the investigations 
 into the laws of sound which had been made by Von Helmholz in his 
 German laboratory. The telephone, therefore, invented under the 
 Stars and Stripes, by a man born under the English flag, and made 
 
872 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. possible by the researches of a German, illustrates happily how these 
 three nations, by working together, can serve mankind. This one 
 German invention ought to be the type of all our relationships. Germany and 
 Banquet England and the United States each contribute to the civilization of 
 the twentieth century something that is precious that the others cannot 
 give. Springing very largely, though not completely, from the same 
 stock, differences of environment have led to differences of result; 
 and the world will profit most from the prosperity of all. 
 
 "The things and the forces that are seen are temporal. It is the 
 things and the forces that are not seen that are eternal. The trolley 
 wire attached to loaded cars would soon be snapped if the attempt 
 were made to haul the cars by direct traction; but that same trolley 
 wire can be charged with an invisible force that will move all the cars 
 of a great city, loaded to their utmost capacity. That, it seems to me, 
 is a just illustration of the force of public opinion. It is intangible; 
 it cannot be weighed; it cannot be seen; and yet, more and more, in 
 every country of the world, whatever be its form of government, this 
 intangible public opinion is becoming the decisive force that shapes the 
 destiny of the peoples. Slowly, if you please, but surely, there is 
 developing a public opinion of the world to the bar of which every 
 nation must come which breaks the peace of the world. My prayer 
 is that the United States and England, my Mother Country, and Ger- 
 many, which is your Fatherland, each in its own measure, may help 
 powerfully to develop the public opinion that one day will bring about 
 for all nations that 'Pax Humana,' which will mean the peace and 
 prosperity of the whole world. This gathering of the Nations at the 
 Hudson-Fulton Celebration ought to be a step, however short, towards 
 this happy consummation." 
 
 Dinner to The last of the social functions was the dinner given by Gen- 
 von ^^^^ Woodford in honor of Grossadmiral von Koester at the 
 
 Koester Waldorf-Astoria on Wednesday evening, October 13. Mrs. 
 Woodford assisted the General in receiving the guests. The 
 dinner table wras decorated with chrysanthemums. There were 
 no formal addresses, beyond a very brief but most cordial trib- 
 ute of friendship from General Woodford to the guest of honor, 
 and a very feeling reply by the latter. Those present in addi- 
 
Social Events in New York City 873 
 
 tion to the host, hostess and principal guest, were Dr. and Mrs. Dinner to 
 George Clinton Batcheller, Consul-General and Mrs. Courtenay ^^^ 
 Walter Bennett, Miss Bennett, Mr. and Mrs. Tunis G. Bergen, Koester 
 Mrs. Bissell, Mr. George C. Boldt, Mr. and Mrs. C. N. Bovee, 
 Miss Bovee, Miss Mary Bovee, Mr. and Mrs. George W. 
 Burleigh, Mrs. Daniel Butterfield, General and Mrs. Howard 
 Carroll, Captain Count Leonardi di Casalino, Captain G. P. 
 van Hecking Colenbrander of H. M. S. Utrecht, Mr. and Mrs. 
 William C. Demorest, Miss Elizabeth Eames, Captain Engel- 
 hardt of H. M. S. Hertha, Ambassador and Mrs. Charles S- 
 Francis, Consul-General Rudolph Franksen, Mr. and Mrs" 
 Elbert H. Gary, Dr. and Mrs. Edward Hagaman Hall, Miss 
 Hanson, Captain Hopman of H. M. S. Bremen, Dr. and Mrs. 
 George F. Kunz, Miss Maben, Mr. and Mrs. John R. Mac- 
 Arthur, Mrs. Magee, Mrs. Mangam, Captain Mauve of H. 
 M. S. Victoria Louise, Miss Maynard, General and Mrs. 
 Anson G. McCook, Consul-General and Mrs. Kokichi Mid- 
 zuno, Captain Lieutenant Erick von Muller, Captain and Mrs. 
 J. B. Murdock, U. S. N., Lieutenant Poteet, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Thomas R. Proctor, Captain Retzmann, Mr. and Mrs. Herman 
 Ridder, Col. and Mrs. Henry W. Sackett, Col. and Mrs. Hugh 
 L. Scott, Mrs. George Shrady, Mr. John J. Sinclair, Mr. 
 Francis Lynde Stetson, Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. Stickney, 
 Mrs. A. S. Sullivan, Miss Frances Sullivan, Mr. James F. 
 Sullivan, Mr. Henry W. Taft, Mr. and Mrs. Walter P. Warren 
 of Troy, Commissioner and Mrs. William R. Willcox, and 
 Major-General and Mrs. Leonard Wood. 
 
T 
 
 CHAPTER XLVI 
 
 PUBLIC SAFETY IN NEW YORK CITY 
 
 ^WO Committees of the Commission, whose duties were of 
 vital importance to the safety, health and convenience 
 of the vast throngs which attended the Celebration in 
 New York City, were the Committee on Public Safety, of which 
 the Hon. William McCarroll, Public Service Commissioner, is 
 Chairman, and the Committee on Public Health and Con- 
 venience of which Dr. Eugene H. Porter, State Health Com- 
 missioner, is Chairman. 
 Coopera- The Committee on Public Safety had the invaluable coop- 
 tion o eration of the heads of several departments of the city govern- 
 Officials ment — the Bureau of Buildings, as having the regulation and 
 supervision of the construction of reviewing stands; the Police 
 Department, as charged with the maintenance of public order; 
 the Fire Department, in relation to the prevention of fire on 
 reviewing stands and elsewhere; the Department of Docks and 
 Ferries, regarding arrangements at public docks; the Street 
 Cleaning Department; and the Board of Steamboat and Naviga- 
 tion Service, as to the order to navigation, the supervision of 
 safety appliances on passenger boats, and the prevention of 
 overloading the boats. 
 Work of The work of the Police Department was phenomenal. On 
 Police September i6. Police Commissioner Baker issued special order 
 No. 255 concerning the Celebration, which was the first of a 
 series of orders which showed not only the remarkable system 
 of the Police Department, but also the Commissioner's capacity 
 for foresight and infinite detail. This single order consisted 
 of 32 printed pages, and among the many subjects dealt with 
 were the platoon schedules of duty, instructions to policemen, 
 location of signal stations with direct wires to headquarters, 
 location of special patrol telephone boxes, location of ambu- 
 
Public Safety in New York City 875 
 
 lances, floating hospitals and field hospitals, code of hospital Work of 
 signals, stations of patrol wagons, assignments of surgeons, 
 special instructions to commanding officers, regulations for 
 police boats, and a hundred other subjects. These orders 
 refreshed the memory of the policemen as to the relative author- 
 ity of the police and militia, the rights and restrictions of parad- 
 ing bodies, the passage of United States mail wagons, and the 
 passage of private vehicles. One paragraph running through 
 all the orders read as follows: 
 
 "Good judgment must be used in permitting persons and vehicles 
 to pass through police lines and across the line of march during 
 passage of parade, but at no time will any person be permitted to 
 stand within police lines except those holding police line passes issued 
 by the Police Commissioner." 
 
 After the Celebration, it was almost universally conceded 
 that the policemen did use good judgment as enjoined in the 
 foregoing paragraph. The only time when there was any 
 serious inconvenience was at the conclusion of the Naval 
 Parade on Saturday, September 25, when the unprecedented 
 throngs — variously estimated at from 750,000 to 1,000,000 
 — in Riverside Park were leaving the Park; and here the incon- 
 venience was due chiefly to the nature of the Park itself, which 
 is hemmed in on the landward side by a high retaining wall 
 which is passable only at distant intervals by comparatively 
 small stairways and exits. The congestion at the exits near the 
 official stand at iioth street necessitated some informalities in 
 the departure of the official guests, but aside from this infor- 
 mality and inconvenience, there were no serious results. From 
 this time onward, until the end of the Celebration, the vast 
 multitudes were handled perfectly — a tribute alike to the skill 
 and good judgment of the police force and to the good nature 
 and intelligence of the people. 
 
 Through the courtesy of the Public Service Commission for City Pas- 
 the First District, it is reported, as an item of interest in the xraffic 
 line of the work of this Commission, that the transit lines — 
 
876 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 City Pas- surface, subway and elevated — carried in all, in Greater New 
 TmSc York, during the period of the Celebration, from Septem- 
 ber 25 to October 2, inclusive, 47,834,103 passengers. On 
 September 25 there were 7 accidents resulting in injury to 
 passengers. On September 28 there were 7 accidents result- 
 ing in injury to passengers. On September 30 there were 5 
 accidents resulting in injury to passengers. On October 2 
 there was i accident resulting in injury to one passenger. 
 This is lower than the average number of accidents in ordinary 
 traffic, which shows the attention and care exercised in the 
 provisions for safe transportation for this enormous number of 
 people. In these accidents there was nothing to indicate that 
 any of them was directly connected with the Celebration. The 
 following table shows in detail the distribution of traffic: 
 
 LINES. 
 
 Total 
 passengers, 
 cash and 
 transfers. 
 
 Totals by 
 boroughs. 
 
 Manhattan. 
 Metropolitan, Surface 
 
 .0,802,964 
 
 417,483 
 
 363,3'^ 
 
 7, 515.635 
 
 7,608,506 
 
 i.°5^.9'5 
 
 i,5>°.796 
 
 .,..9,967 
 
 324,468 
 
 9,126 
 
 
 
 
 Central Park, N. & E. R. R 
 
 Subway 
 
 
 
 
 Hudson & Manhattan R. R 
 
 
 Third Avenue and Kingsbridge 
 
 
 Dry Dock, E. Broadway & B. R. R 
 
 
 
 30,725.171 
 
 Westchester Electric 
 
 144,920 
 170,9.3 
 152,400 
 69,030 
 1,357,030 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ",894.193 
 
 
 
Public Safety in New York City 
 
 877 
 
 Traffic Table 
 
 — (conttnuea) 
 
 
 LINES. 
 
 Total 
 passengers, 
 cash and 
 transfers 
 
 Totals by 
 borought 
 
 Brooklyn. 
 Brooklyn Rapid Transit, Elevated 
 
 3.75J.748 
 
 9.476,007 
 
 805,017 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14.033. 77J 
 
 Queens. 
 
 78,469 
 
 59,445 
 570.193 
 144,034 
 
 New York & Long Island Traction . . . 
 
 
 New York & Queens County 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 852,1+1 
 
 Richmond. 
 Staten Island Midland 
 
 115,926 
 202,799 
 
 
 
 
 
 328,725 
 
 
 
 
 47.834.103 
 
 Steam roads not obtainable. 
 
 
 
 City Pas- 
 senger 
 Traffic 
 
 The largest number of passengers ever carried in the subway in a single day was on September 
 25, 1909, the opening day of the Celebration, when the number amounted to 1,177,951. The 
 average number ordinarily carried is about 742,000. 
 
 It is the testimony of the public press that during the Cele- Few 
 
 bration there were fewer accidents, fewer homicides and '" 
 
 ana 
 
 suicides, and less crime generally than during any equal period Crimes 
 during the year. In speaking of this subject. Commissioner 
 McCarroU, in his report to the Trustees of this Commission, 
 says: 
 
 "The remarkable absence of serious accident or fatality is the most 
 eloquent testimony to the completeness of the arrangements made 
 by the officials and the remarkable efficiency with which they were 
 executed. All who shared in, and the multitudes who witnessed, this 
 great Celebration, owe a debt of gratitude, which your Committee is 
 sure will be most willingly acknowledged, to all those who have had 
 charge in these matters. 
 
878 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 "It will surely not be regarded as invidious comparison to make 
 special mention of the Police Department upon which fell, in the 
 nature of the case, the most onerous duty. The copies of its orders 
 show the vast details involved in the regulations, all of which were so 
 carefully planned and so successfully carried out. They embraced 
 the policing of the line of march, the patrol of the river front and the 
 river, the ambulance service and the special details at the various 
 places of concourse. All these were in addition to the regulation of 
 street traffic, itself a task of magnitude in view of the vast numbers 
 of people. The conduct of the officers and men, whose ability, 
 strength and patience were so put to extreme test, was such as to call 
 forth expressions of admiration and appreciation upon all sides. 
 
 "Not so much in public view, but no less efficient, were the arrange- 
 ments of the Fire Department, which included many details of men 
 with apparatus at the various reviewing stands and other points where 
 emergencies might arise, in addition to the ordinary precautions at 
 public places. 
 
 "In recognition of these facts, your Committee recommends that 
 suitable resolutions should be adopted by the Commission, expressing 
 appreciation of the provisions made and their successful execution, 
 to be transmitted to the Commissioner of Police, the Fire Commis- 
 sioner and the Commissioner of Docks and Ferries." 
 
 Such resolutions w^ere very cordially adopted by the Trustees. 
 
 Seating j^ addition to the foregoing duties, this Committee was 
 
 viewing charged with the further responsibility of supervising the seating 
 
 Stands and regulating the order upon the official reviewing stands, 
 
 including the collection of tickets. Although this duty did not 
 
 technically come within the sphere of "public safety," it was 
 
 accepted by the Committee through the generous desire of its 
 
 members to contribute in every way in their power to the success 
 
 of the Celebration. The Commission stands which were under 
 
 the care of this Committee were those at the Court of Honor, 
 
 the one on the north side of 59th street near Fifth avenue, and 
 
 those on both sides of Central Park West north of 59th street, 
 
 calculated to seat about 17,000 persons. As the Commission 
 
 acted in the capacity of host to the numerous visitors, the Com- 
 
Public Safety in New York City S79 
 
 mittee on Public Safety realized the necessity of doing ever)'- 
 
 Seating 
 thing possible to contribute to their guests' comfort. It also dewing 
 had the delicate duty of arranging the seats at the Court of Stands 
 Honor with a certain regard for precedence, especially in 
 reference to the foreign guests. All of these arrangements 
 proved very satisfactory. Further to consult the comfort of 
 the guests, no hawking of souvenirs or selling of refreshments 
 was permitted on the stands, with the single exception of the 
 Official Programs printed by authority of the Commission. 
 
 In planning its work, the Committee on Public Safety 
 divided itself into sub-committees, one of which took charge of 
 each stand. Certain regulations were adopted and placards 
 containing them were conspicuously posted. Circulars 
 embodying these rules were also printed and circulated for 
 public information. 
 
 Arrangements were made with Pinkerton's National Detec- 
 tive Agency to provide ushers, ticket takers, inspectors and 
 watchmen for the stands at the Court of Honor and on 59th 
 street; and similar arrangements were made with Schmitt- 
 berger's Agency for the stands on both sides of Central Park 
 West. 
 
 With the exception of some confusion at one of the stands 
 caused by a reduction in the seating capacity that was unavoid- 
 able — confusion of so small an extent as to be inconsiderable — 
 it is believed that the arrangements were carried out to the 
 general satisfaction of all concerned. No accident of any kind 
 occurred on the stands, and no instance of pocket-picking, 
 which is so frequently practiced in large crowds, was reported 
 from any stand. 
 
CHAPTER XLVn 
 
 PUBLIC HEALTH AND CONVENIENCE 
 
 THE work of no Committee showed the extensive ramifica- 
 tions of the Commission's organization or the detailed 
 nature of its care for the welfare of the public more than 
 that of the Committee on Public Health and Convenience, of 
 which Dr. Eugene H. Porter, State Health Commissioner, is 
 Chairman. The Committee had the able help of Daniel R. 
 Lucas, M. D., Ph.D., as Sanitary Expert, Mr. John Eustis as 
 Secretary, and Mr. Walton L. Baumes as Assistant Secretary. 
 This Committee performed five very important functions. 
 Five First, it undertook to supply to strangers information about 
 
 Func- j.j^g Celebration, lines of transportation, rates of cab hire, and 
 
 tions of .... 
 
 Work Other facts with which visitors were apt to be unfamiliar. 
 
 Second, it lent its assistance in finding boarding house 
 accommodations at a time when the hotels were turning 
 away applicants. 
 
 Third it provided medical and surgical relief in cases of 
 sickness or accident. 
 
 Fourth, it arranged free pubHc rest stations for those who 
 were over-fatigued and had no other convenient refuge. 
 
 And, fifth, it provided pubUc accommodations for the relief 
 of nature — accommodations which are notoriously lacking in 
 New York City at all times and which were most urgently 
 needed at a time when hundreds of thousands of strangers 
 were in the City. 
 Head- The Committee established special headquarters at No. 
 
 quarters ^^^^ Broadway which served as a Central Bureau of Informa- 
 tion, while branch bureaus were established in the waiting- 
 rooms at the terminals of the principal railroad and steamboat 
 lines during the Celebration. At these bureaus competent 
 
Public Health and Convenience 
 
 attendants were stationed to give information, directions, and 
 
 the names and rates of hotels and boarding houses to incoming 
 
 visitors. Those desiring could register at these bureaus and 
 
 have mail or telegrams forwarded. All services rendered by 
 
 the Information Bureaus and their attendants were free of 
 
 charge. 
 
 One of the first undertakings of the Committee was the Infor- 
 
 issuing of an Information Booklet, 6 by q inches in size and ™^^°° 
 . . , „ . . Booklet 
 
 containmg i6 pages and cover. This booklet contained, 
 
 among other things, colored illustrations of the flags used to 
 
 mark the hospitals and refuges established by the Commission, 
 
 instructions how to get information, a list showing the location of 
 
 the 23 field hospitals, a calendar of events of the Celebration, 
 
 and directions how to reach them, a map of the city below 
 
 115th street, a table of legal cab and carriage rates, a list of 
 
 87 hotels with their locations, capacities and rates, and a list 
 
 of about 600 boarding houses with locations and rates. The 
 
 Committee distributed 178,000 copies of this booklet previous 
 
 to the opening of the Celebration, the major portion of which 
 
 was out ten days in advance, or by September 15. This 
 
 distribution was made through the railroads and Sound and 
 
 Hudson River steamboat companies. Practically every ticket 
 
 office within a radius of four hundred and fifty miles of this 
 
 city had these booklets on hand and placards posted calling 
 
 attention to the same. One railroad which distributed 48,000 
 
 copies, placed 20,000 west of Buffalo. 
 
 In addition, the Central Information Bureau sent out 6,300 
 booklets in the mail, and the branch bureaus, operated from 
 September 24 to September 30 at twelve railroad and 
 steamboat terminals, gave out 45,420. 
 
 These Information Bureaus supplied 54,278 people with 
 the names of boarding houses and hotels. The requests which 
 were made for information covered a wide range and it is 
 56 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 gratifying to state that the attendants were able to fill their 
 difficult positions in a manner which occasioned no criticism. 
 FieW Yhe Medical Emergency Stations operated during the Cele- 
 
 bration were divided into two classes: Field Hospitals, open 
 day and night, of which there were 23, and 62 First Aid Stations 
 located every few blocks along the route of the land parade 
 and along the Manhattan shore of the Hudson River. 
 
 To supplement the regular city ambulance service a number 
 of extra ambulances were secured and these were utilized to 
 transfer serious cases to the city hospitals. Fast ambulance 
 launches patroled the Hudson River in the vicinity of the war- 
 ship anchorage and accompanied the naval parade. Ambulance 
 stations were located at several piers to facilitate the transfer 
 of patients from the launches to the hospitals. The hospitals 
 of the city also made preparations to increase their normal 
 capacity to a considerable extent during the Celebration. 
 
 Ample provision therefore was made not only to attend 
 promptly and efficiently to the minor cases of injury and illness, 
 but also to meet any possible emergency. The services ren- 
 dered at the stations established by this Commission were 
 entirely free of charge to the public. 
 
 The Field Hospitals were established at the following points: 
 
 Eighth avenue and iioth street. 
 
 Eighth avenue and 86th street. 
 
 Columbus Circle. 
 
 Fifth avenue and 59th street. 
 
 Fifth avenue and 41st street. 
 
 Fifth avenue and 25th street (Madison Square). 
 
 Fifth avenue and 4th street (Washington Square). 
 
 On the Hudson River at Spuyten Duyvil creek. 
 
 On the Hudson River at Fort Washington (178th street). 
 
 On the Hudson River at 130th street. 
 
 On the Hudson River Front at lioth street. 
 
 On the Hudson River at icSth street. 
 
 On the Hudson River Front at 96th street. 
 
 On the Hudson River Front at yzd street. 
 
Public Health and Convenience 883 
 
 On the Hudson River at 59th street. Field 
 
 On the Hudson River at 426 street. Hospitals 
 
 On the Hudson River at 34th street. 
 
 At the West 23d street Station of the P. R. R. 
 
 On the Hudson River at i6th street. 
 
 On the Hudson River at Franklin street. 
 
 On the Hudson River at Battery Park. 
 
 At the East 34th street Station of the L. I. R. R. 
 
 At Grand Central Station. 
 
 The Field Hospitals and First Aid Stations were located 
 along the route of the land parades and along the Manhattan 
 shore of the Hudson River. The former were provided with 
 twelve cots each, a complete surgical and therapeutic equipment 
 and manned by at least three doctors, six nurses, as many 
 orderlies and in many instances a corps of litter bearers. The 
 First Aid Stations were in reality miniature Field Hospitals, 
 although only operated during the hours of the parades. 
 
 One thousand and sixty-six cases were received and treated 
 at the Medical Stations during the Celebration, ranging from 
 syncope to obstetrics and including limb fracture, amputation 
 and heart disease. Not one resulted fatally, and so complete 
 were the facilities that it was necessary to remove only a few 
 serious cases to the regular hospitals. In this connection it Low 
 may be noted that the death rate in New York City for the week „*( 
 of the Celebration was lower than it had been for six months, 
 despite the addition of two million visitors to the city's normal 
 population. It is a fact, recognized by physicians, that many 
 lives which could have been saved had proper facilities been 
 available near the scene of accident are lost in being rushed 
 over rough streets to hospitals. 
 
 Much credit is due to the New York County Branch of the 
 Red Cross Society and to the National Volunteer Emergency 
 Service, the organizations which manned and equipped our 
 Medical Stations, and to the Police Department, which con- 
 trolled the ambulance service, including the ambulances which 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 were volunteered by private interests at the request of our 
 
 Committee. 
 
 Public '^^^ Committee built 13 public comfort stations in the 
 
 Comfort neighborhood of the line of the parades. They were well 
 
 a ions ^^j-gj^ggfj ^nd equipped, were in charge of attendants, and were 
 
 kept in a perfectly sanitary condition. These stations were 
 
 open day and night for eight days and were used by 319,822 
 
 persons. During the hours of the parades these stations were 
 
 so crowded (in several instances with waiting lines a half block 
 
 and more In length) that it was impossible for the attendants to 
 
 keep accurate count and it is probable that nearly, if not quite, 
 
 a half million people used these stations. 
 
 In addition to these specially built stations, the Committee 
 arranged with the owners of many buildings to place their regular 
 toilet facilities at the service of the pubhc. Such places were 
 indicated by the Public Comfort Station flag of the Commis- 
 sion. No attempt was made to keep count of the hundreds 
 of thousands who availed themselves of these conveniences also. 
 
 The Committee also arranged to have 154 Churches open as 
 Rest Stations from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. during the Celebration. 
 At most of these churches attendants were on duty to minister 
 to those in need. At some, organ recitals were given late in 
 the afternoon and in the evenings. 
 
 The Committee indicated its stations by four kinds of flags 
 Insignia which were alike in general appearance but differed in their 
 of the inscriptions. All the flags were the Commission's official 
 tri-color of orange, white and blue. In the center of the white 
 field were the initials "H. F." surrounded by a wreath, and on 
 each side of this design was the Greek cross symbol of the 
 medical service. In the lower, or blue, field of each flag were 
 the words "Public Health and Convenience Committee." 
 The four kinds of flags varied only in the wording in the upper 
 or orange field, which read "Medical Station," "Information 
 Bureau," "Comfort Station" and "Rest Station" respectively. 
 
Public Health and Convenience 885 
 
 The attendants wore arm-bands of white feh, four inches insignia 
 wide, bearing the following inscriptions respectively: Service 
 
 DOCTOR 
 
 PUBLIC HEALTH AND 
 
 CONVENIENCE COMMITTEE 
 
 MEDICAL STATION 
 
 PUBLIC HEALTH AND 
 
 CONVENIENCE COMMITTEE 
 
 INFORMATION BUREAU ATTENDANT 
 
 PUBLIC HEALTH AND 
 
 CONVENIENCE COMMITTEE 
 
 H. F. 
 
 NURSE 
 
 PUBLIC HEALTH AND 
 
 CONVENIENCE COMMITTEE 
 
T 
 
 CHAPTER XLVIII 
 
 ALDERMANIC COOPERATION 
 
 'HE Commission is greatly indebted to the Board of Alder- 
 men of the City of New York for its cordial cooperation, 
 not only in financial matters but in promoting various 
 features of the Celebration. 
 City Ap- At the meeting of the Board of Aldermen held January 26, 
 propria- jqqq jp,g f^j-gj communication received was from Mr. Ridder, 
 tion . . ... 
 
 Acting President of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission, 
 
 dated January 25, 1909, asking the City for ;$300,ooo to be 
 spent for the purposes of the proposed Celebration entirely 
 within the limits of the City and Port of New York, and trans- 
 mitting a brief statement of the object and plan of the Cele- 
 bration. This communication was referred to the Committee 
 on Finance. 
 
 On February 23, Alderman Doull introduced a resolution 
 calling for ;$300,ooo worth of Special Revenue Bonds to be 
 used by the Mayor and such committee of the Board of Alder- 
 men as might be appointed in the premises, for the purpose 
 of meeting the expenses contingent to the part that the City 
 of New York might take in the Celebration, which resolution 
 was referred to the Committee on Finance. On the same date 
 Mr. Doull also introduced a resolution for the appointment of 
 a special committee, which was referred to the Committee on 
 Rules. 
 
 On March 9, the Committee on Finance reported a resolu- 
 tion recommending the appropriation of $300,000 for the pur- 
 poses of the Celebration and it was adopted. The Board of 
 Estimate and Apportionment, in acting upon this appropria- 
 tion, reduced the amount to $250,000. 
 
Aldermanic Cooperation 887 
 
 On March 23, Alderman Mulcahy introduced a resolution Other 
 giving permission to the Commission to use the ground under jj^^^ 
 the viaduct at 155th street, west of Eighth avenue, for the 
 purpose of storing the floats for the historical pageant, and it 
 was adopted. 
 
 On April 20, the Committee on Rules appointed the following 
 Special Committee on the Hudson-Fulton Celebration: Alder- 
 man T. P. SuUivan, chairman, and Aldermen F. L. Dowling, 
 R. S. DouU, P. F. Flynn, W. P. Kenneally, A. H. Murphy, P. 
 
 E. Nagle, J. J. F. Mulcahy, J. W. Redmond, F. P. Kenney, 
 J. J. Velten, D. S. Rendt, G. J. Schneider, Joseph Schloss, R. 
 
 F. Downing and John Diemer. On the same date Alderman 
 Dowling introduced the following resolution: 
 
 "Resolved, That the Committee appointed for such part as the 
 City of New York may take in the Hudson-Fulton Celebration be and 
 hereby is requested to award no contracts to, nor have any supplies 
 furnished by any person, firm or corporation not resident or doing 
 business in the City of New York, and to stipulate with those who do 
 work or furnish supplies that the same shall be done by union labor." 
 
 The resolution was adopted. 
 
 On June 29, President McGowan introduced a resolution 
 authorizing the Borough Presidents to issue permits to the 
 Commission for the erection of reviewing stands in the various 
 boroughs, which was passed on the day of introduction. 
 
 On September 14, resolutions were adopted requesting the 
 Board of Education to declare a school vacation during the 
 Celebration; requesting heads of departments to excuse from 
 duty, with pay, members of the Exempt Firemen's Association 
 on September 28; and requesting the Dock Commissioner 
 to allow small stands for sale of souvenirs to be placed at ferry 
 approaches and piers from September 25 to October 9. 
 
 On October 5, the following resolution, introduced by Alder- 
 man Sullivan, was adopted: 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 tions 
 
 Other "Resolved, That the several Committees in charge of the Hudson- 
 
 Resolu- Pulton Celebration, also the merchants and others who most gener- 
 ously engaged in the work, be and they are severally requested to 
 allow all illuminations and decorations now displayed to remain until 
 after Columbus Day, Tuesday, October 12, 1909, the first Celebration 
 of this holiday, and that His Honor the Mayor be and he is hereby 
 requested to issue a proclamation to this effect." 
 
 Com- 
 mittee 
 
 On the same date a resolution introduced by Alderman 
 Kenneally was passed commending the Superintendent of 
 Buildings of the Borough of Manhattan and his corps of inspec- 
 tors for the successful manner in which they conducted the 
 task of supervision of reviewing stands during the Celebration. 
 
 On the same date, Alderman Dowling introduced a resolution 
 highly praising the police force for its exemplary conduct during 
 the Celebration, which was unanimously adopted. 
 
 On October 19, a resolution introduced by Alderman Down- 
 ing, appreciative of the efficient work done by the Street Clean- 
 ing Department during the Celebration, was passed. 
 Work of The Special Committee first met on May 7 and elected as 
 clerk Mr. Albert E. Hull. Mr. Ridder attended the meeting 
 and explained the plan of the Celebration as it had been 
 arranged to date. Sub-committees were appointed, and action 
 taken to cooperate in every respect with the Commission. 
 Many subsequent committee meetings were held during June, 
 July, August and September, at which the arrangements were 
 practically completed. During September the ill health of 
 Chairman Sullivan made it necessary for him to relinquish 
 active participation in the Celebration, and the responsibility 
 of carrying out all the details devolving upon the Committee 
 was entrusted to Alderman Dowling who thereafter served 
 as Acting Chairman. 
 
 The Committee was in constant consultation with Mr. 
 Ridder, who attended most of its meetings and was invariably 
 present when allowances were made from the appropriation 
 
Aldermanic Cooperation 
 
 set aside by the city. During June the Committee consulted Work of 
 with Hon. Samuel Parsons, Hon. William Berri and Captain ^jj-^J^ 
 J. W. Miller, representing respectively the Commission's Com- 
 mittees on Children's Festivals, Illuminations and Naval 
 Parade, and as a result voted $50,000 for children's festi- 
 vals, $65,000 for illuminations and fireworks, and $67,000 for 
 the naval parade. 
 
 The Committee then took up the matter of providing for 
 the residents of the City, and authorized the erection of three 
 grand stands in Manhattan, four in Brooklyn, one each in the 
 Bronx and Richmond, issued tickets for them and partitioned 
 them among the members of the Board for distribution through- 
 out the city. By special arrangement with the concessionary 
 of the Commision 50,000 programs were purchased and fur- 
 nished to the occupants of the stands on the several days of 
 parade. Decorations were provided for the City Hall and 
 the Borough Halls in each Borough and the grand stands 
 were also decorated, all in conformity with the plans prescribed 
 by the Committee of the Commission of which Mr. Charles 
 R. Lamb was Chairman. The Committee expended for these 
 items, including music on the boat on the day of naval parade, 
 printing of tickets for stands, postage, and other small inci- 
 dentals, the sum of $40,076.50. 
 
 The Committee met in October, and upon request of Mr. 
 Ridder turned over to the Hudson-Fulton Commission for use 
 in payment of bills incurred by the Commission for the city 
 the balance of the appropriation, which amounted to $27,923. 50. 
 
 During October, November and December the Acting Chair- 
 man and clerk were engaged from time to time in auditing 
 the bills prepared by the Auditor of the Commission, which 
 were properly chargeable to the appropriation made by the 
 city. This labor has been completed, and on January 5, 1910, 
 the balance remaining in this appropriation was $18.44. 
 
CHAPTER XLIX 
 LOWER HUDSON CEREMONIES 
 
 Jurisdic- '"■"'HE ceremonies along the Hudson River were divided into 
 
 Com-° l three general divisions, namely, those in Nevsr York City; 
 
 mittee those along the Lower Hudson, extending from Yonkers 
 
 on the south to the north gate of the Highlands; and those 
 along the Upper Hudson extending from Newburgh to the head 
 of navigation. Geographically, Cornwall, situated on New- 
 burgh Bay, naturally belonged to the Upper Hudson, but as 
 the Legislature had made a special appropriation for the 
 Upper Hudson beginning at Newburgh, Cornwall was classi- 
 fied in the Lower Hudson district. It was not, however, under 
 the jurisdiction of the Lower Hudson Committee, but had a 
 separate committee and a separate appropriation of its own. 
 
 While the success of the great Celebration in the City of 
 New York far overshadowed in magnitude the productions of 
 the smaller communities to the northward, yet the enthusiasm 
 manifested in the local celebrations along the Lower Hudson 
 was in no wise abated. The second week of the Celebration 
 opened on October 3 at Yonkers, with a vigor and rush of local 
 interest and effort, in the production of parades following 
 upon parades, concerts, banquets, displays of electric effects 
 and decorations, culminating on Saturday evening, October 9, 
 with grand displays of fireworks along the Lower Hudson. 
 
 As descriptions of the events at Yonkers and of the dedication 
 at Stony Point are given in other chapters of this report, this 
 chapter will include only other events of the Lower Hudson 
 between Yonkers and Newburgh. 
 
 Organi- The Chairman of the Lower Hudson Committee is the Hon. 
 
 zation of jvfjj^i^^j^ y^ Warren, who at the time of the Celebration was 
 Celebra- ' 
 
 Hon Mayor of Yonkers, and the Committee established its head 
 
Lower Hudson Ceremonies 891 
 
 quarters in the Chamber of Commerce, Radford Building, Organi- 
 Yonkers, with Mr. Clarence E. Leonard as Assistant to the^^gj^j,^. 
 Secretary of the Commission for the Lower Hudson Com-tion 
 mittee. For much of the information embodied in this chapter 
 we are indebted to Chairman Warren and Mr. Leonard. 
 
 Preparations for the Lower Hudson Celebration were com- 
 menced early in the year resulting in the first meeting of the 
 Lower Hudson Committee at Manor Hall, Yonkers, on March 
 3, 1909. At this meeting, the Hon. Nathan A. Warren was 
 elected Chairman and Mr. Clarence E. Leonard was appointed 
 Executive Aide to the Chairman. As the Executive Aide was 
 also Secretary of the Historical Committee of the Commission, 
 which was supervising the designs and construction of the 
 Historical Floats which were to be used in the Parade of Sep- 
 tember 28 in New York, he prepared a plan for taking to 
 Yonkers and other Lower Hudson places twenty of the historical 
 floats used in New York, together with the costumes of the 
 characters represented upon them and the seventy-five Iroquois 
 Indians who accompanied the Indian floats in New York. 
 
 This plan, with additional details, was adopted by the 
 Lower Hudson Committee and approved by the Commission, 
 who voted to the Committee the sum of ^25,000 for the purpose 
 of aiding the Celebrations. Hon. Cornelius A. Pugsley of 
 Peekskill was elected Treasurer of the Committee. 
 
 The Executive Committee of the Lower Hudson Committee 
 was constituted as follows: Hon. Nathan A. Warren, Chairman; 
 Mr. Clarence E. Leonard, Secretary; Hon. Cornelius A. 
 Pugsley, Treasurer; Mr. Theodore Fitch, Hon. Leslie Suther- 
 land and Hon. WilHam P. Bugbee. 
 
 The Chairman then appointed local committees for each 
 city and village of the Lower Hudson wherein it was planned 
 to hold celebrations. Those committees, subject to the 
 approval of this Committee, arranged for celebrations in their 
 respective localities. Of those local committees the Mayor 
 
892 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 or President of the respective city or village was Chairman, 
 and each local committee contained the members of this 
 Committee residing in the respective locality, together with 
 other citizens of the localities which were nominated by the 
 Chairman. 
 
 Genera! After extensive planning and consultations between the 
 various local committees and the Executive Aide representing 
 the Lower Hudson Committee, the following general plan 
 of celebration was adopted: 
 
 Sunday, October 3 
 Religious Services and Observances referring particularly to the occurrence 
 of the Celebration. 
 
 Exercises at Philipsburgh Hall, Yonkers, at 3 p. M. 
 
 Plan 
 
 Monday, October 4 
 
 Parade of twenty-one historical floats, accompanied by Indians and manned 
 by local participants, at Yonkers, joined in by Mount Vernon, New Rochelle, 
 and nearby villages. The parade augmented by the military and various 
 civic and industrial organizations. Reviewed by Governor Hughes and 
 staff, accompanied by Mrs. Hughes and party, Mayor Warren of Yonkers, 
 Mayor Howe of Mount Vernon, Mayor Raymond of New Rochelle, and the 
 Presidents of Villages and invited guests. 
 
 In the afternoon, a reception to Governor and Mrs. Hughes and party at 
 the City Club, Yonkers. 
 
 In the evening, a reception by the Old Home Week Committee to the former 
 residents of Yonkers, at Carnegie Library Hall, Yonkers, together with a 
 concert. 
 
 Tuesday, October 5 
 
 Parade of the floats from Hastings, through Dobbs Ferry and Irvington to 
 Tarrytown and North Tarrytown, accompanied by local organizations and 
 fire companies; the historical characters upon the floats represented by local 
 participants. 
 
 In the evening an Automobile Parade at Yonkers. 
 
 Wednesday, October 6 
 Parade of floats at Nyack, joined in by participants from Piermont, Grand 
 View, South and Upper Nyack, accompanied by local organizations, fire 
 companies and schools. 
 
Lower Hudson Ceremonies 893 
 
 In the afternoon a Civic Parade at Yonkers, embracing the employees of all General 
 the departments. ^° 
 
 In the evening a Banquet at Philipsburgh Hall, Yonkers, with addresses by 
 prominent men. 
 
 Thursday, October 7 
 
 Parade of floats at Ossining joined in by participants from Briar Cliff and 
 Croton-on-Hudson in the forenoon of the day. 
 
 Parade of civic organizations at Haverstraw in the afternoon. 
 
 In the evening, band concerts in the various parks and at the Pier, in Yonkers, 
 and a concert at St. Mary's Church, Yonkers. 
 
 Friday, October 8 
 
 Parade of floats at Peekskill, manned by local participants, with industrial 
 and other organizations, fire companies, schools, etc., joined in by Montrose, 
 Crugers, and nearby villages. 
 
 In the afternoon, exercises in the schools at Yonkers, 
 
 Saturday, October 9 
 
 Parade of civic organizations at Cold Spring with local participants, joined 
 in by representatives from Brewster, Carmel, Garrisons, Highland Falls and 
 West Point. 
 
 A water parade of the historical floats accompanied by Indians, in the 
 afternoon. 
 
 In the evening, grand displays of fireworks at Yonkers and various points 
 to Cold Spring. 
 
 Every evening during the Hudson-Fulton Celebration and Old Home Week 
 at Yonkers, beautiful decorations and illuminations on the public buildings, 
 parks and principal streets, as well as many business places and residences. 
 
 In addition to sums of money donated by the Committee to incidents 
 the various local committees for the purpose of carrying out °^ ^^ 
 the local celebrations, to be supplemented by the various local tj^n 
 subscriptions, the Committee furnished free of expense to the 
 local committees the historical floats which formed the basis 
 of most of the parades, the attendance and participation of 
 seventy-three Indians, the decorations and costumes, several 
 bands of music, the attendance of twenty-five regular attaches, 
 and assumed the expense of the transportation of the floats on 
 land by the regular routes as planned. 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Incidents It should be said in justice to the Lower Hudson Committee 
 " ' ^ that it did not assume the responsibility of delivering any of 
 tion the floats, barges, tugboats, etc., by water at any point within 
 its jurisdiction. The contract for this delivery was made 
 direct by the Commission in New York and the towboat 
 captain who was engaged for the purpose had the full responsi- 
 bility for that part of the undertaking. 
 
 On Saturday, October 2, the Executive Aide of the Lower 
 Hudson Committee went to Brooklyn and after almost con- 
 tinuous work, night and day, transported 21 of the floats to 
 Yonkers in time for the parade Monday morning, while others 
 were despatched to points farther north. 
 
 By equally diligent work the floats used in the Yonkers 
 parade were delivered intact to the Hastings and Tarrytown 
 Committee and to Ossining; and while some floats were pre- 
 vented from reaching Peekskill by the arch of a bridge, owing to 
 their extreme height, the members of the Peekskill Committee 
 deserve great credit for their sturdy cooperation in overcoming 
 all obstacles, and for the manner in which they produced a 
 parade second in importance only to the larger one of Yonkers. 
 
 The historical floats along the Lower Hudson were objects 
 of great interest. They contributed largely to the success of 
 the parades in which they bore a conspicuous part and were 
 highly appreciated. 
 
 In most of the villages during the week the floats in the 
 parade were headed with auxiliary wagons with mechanicians 
 and costumes. Mr. Salem E. Parker was in charge of the 
 Indians and Mr. Ed. Stoddard accompanied the Executive 
 Aide in charge of the floats. 
 
 The Indians, to the number of seventy-three, including the 
 squaws and papooses, under the leadership of War Chief Logan, 
 were an interesting addition to the parades. During the nights 
 the Indians were domiciled in a house-boat accompanying the 
 water barges containing the floats, while the mechanicians of 
 
Lower Hudson Ceremonies 895 
 
 the floats were housed in a similar boat. The war dances 
 given by the Indians during the parades were highly appre- 
 ciated by the spectators. 
 
 Chairman Warren of the Lower Hudson Committee expresses 
 himself as greatly indebted, not only to the able assistants on 
 his Committee, but also to the public spirited local committees, 
 whose cordial cooperation made the Celebrations along the 
 Lower Hudson as successful and enjoyable, in proportion to 
 their sizes, as those along any other part of the river. 
 
 Reserving for another chapter the account of the ceremonies 
 in Yonkers, we give herewith brief descriptions of the events 
 at points north of Yonkers. 
 
 The first incident of interest on the section of the river from Hastings 
 Hastings to North Tarrytown was the passage of the Half ^ North 
 Moon and the Clermont and their arrival at Tarrytown on town 
 Wednesday, September 29. During the day, the local com- 
 mittee took the visitors in automobiles to the haunts of Washing- 
 ton Irving and to Sleepy Hollow Cemetery where Irving is 
 buried. In the evening they were entertained at dinner at the 
 Florence Hotel. Following the Grand Parade at Yonkers on 
 October 4, the historical floats were transported by land to 
 Hastings. As these floats were nearly eighteen feet in height, 
 with a width of fifteen feet, and a length of from twenty-five 
 feet to thirty-five feet, the problem of transportation was a seri- 
 ous one, especially in view of the low trolley wires and limbs of 
 trees encountered. Each float was drawn by four horses, and 
 the characters were assumed by people from the various villages 
 through which the parade passed. Mr. Charles H. Towner, 
 who was Master of Transportation in Yonkers, and who per- 
 formed valuable work in the unloading of the floats, had charge 
 of their transportation from Hastings to North Tarrytown. 
 
 On Thursday, October 5, the parade formed at 1 1 o'clock 
 in the forenoon at Hastings. Grand Marshal W. F. Judson 
 had appointed Mr. O. S. Goan of Hastings, Mr. Franklin 
 
896 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hastings Q. Brown of Dobbs Ferry, Mr. W. A. H. Ely of Tarrytown, 
 Tarry- ^"^ ^^- ^avid Silver of North Tarrytown, as aides; Mr. 
 town Robert Dashwood of Irvington, Adjutant, and Mr. Clarence 
 E. Leonard, Executive Aide, in charge of floats. 
 
 The parade formed at the Reformed Church on Broadway 
 and proceeded north on Broadway, the Grand Marshal and 
 Aides accompanying the escorts and floats throughout the 
 line of march to Beekman street, in North Tarrytown, where 
 a counter-march was made down Cortlandt street to the 
 Tarrytown depot and dock. 
 
 As the floats passed through the villages of Hastings, Dobbs 
 Ferry and Irvington, they were joined by the quotas of the 
 respective villages, who acted as escorts to the village line of 
 Tarrytown whence the escort duty was assumed by the joint 
 villages of Tarrytown and North Tarrytown. 
 The parade moved in the following order: 
 
 Grand Marshal Wm. F. Judson and Aides. 
 
 Hastings. 
 
 Hastings Committee in carriages. 
 
 Hastings School Children. 
 
 Ledcrhaus Band. 
 
 Protection Engine Co. No. i of Hastings. 
 
 Fourth Separate Co.'s Band. 
 
 Uniontown Hose No. 2. 
 
 Band. 
 
 U. C. & C. Co. Fire Co. 
 
 Dobbs Ferry Fire Department. 
 
 Order of Foresters. 
 
 Court and Pride of Olympia. 
 
 Hastings Athletic Club. 
 
 Dobbs Ferry. 
 
 Col. Franklin Q. Brown, Marshal, and Aides. 
 
 Dobbs Ferry Committee, Board of Trustees and Board of Education in carriages. 
 
 Police and Fire Patrol. 
 
 Ex-Chiefs of Fire Department. 
 
 Finnegan's Band. 
 
 Ogden Hose Company. 
 
 Murray's Band. 
 Ardsley Hose Company. 
 
Lower Hudson Ceremonies 897 
 
 Yonkers Fife and Drum Corps. Hastings 
 Livingston Hose Company. tO North 
 Resolute Hook and Ladder Company. Tarry- 
 Mackenzie School. town 
 Rochambeau Club. 
 
 Hastings Division. 
 
 N. Y. Juvenile Asylum Band. 
 N. Y. Juvenile Asylum Children. 
 
 Dobbs Ferry School Children. 
 N. Y. Orphan Asylum Children. 
 
 H. V. D. Black, Marshal, and Aides 
 
 United Spanish War Veterans. 
 
 Board of Trustees in carriages. 
 
 G. A. R. in carriages. 
 
 Irvington School Children. 
 
 Workingmen's Association. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Elmsford Fire Company. 
 
 Lrington Fire Company. 
 
 Tarrytown and North Tarrytown, 
 
 Trustees and Committee in carriages. 
 
 Chiefs and Former Chiefs of the Fire Departments. 
 
 Fire Patro', White Plains. 
 
 Murray's Brass Band. 
 
 Union Hook and Ladder Company of White Plains. 
 
 Dutchess Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 North Tarrj-town Fire Patrol. 
 
 Mertz Reed Band. 
 
 Hope Hose Company. 
 
 Washington Irving Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 Pocantico Hook and Ladder Company. 
 
 Henry Rail's Band. 
 
 Phenix Hose Company. 
 
 Chandler Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 Rescue Hose Company. 
 
 Port Chester Cornet Band. 
 
 LTfing Hose Company. 
 
 Institution of Mercy Drum Corps. 
 
 Columbia Hose Company. 
 Port Ches'er File and Drum Corps. 
 Sherman Park Fire Company. 
 Twenty-first Regiment Band. 
 Jackson Engine Company. 
 Sixty-ninth Regiment Band 
 
 57 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 monies 
 
 Hastings Riverside Hose Company. 
 
 to North Seventy-first Regimen Band. 
 
 Tarry- Conqueror Hook and Ladder Company. 
 
 tOV/n 
 
 After the firemen came the floats. First came the float of the Royal Arcanum and then followed 
 a tribe of Indians on foot. Following were the floats: i, Washington coach; 2, Legend of St. 
 Nicholas; 5, Clermont; 4, Dutch doorway; 5, Fulling down the statue of George III; 6, Huguenots 
 going to church; 7, Sons of Liberty, Stamp Act; 8, Fate of Henry Hudson; 9, Colonial home; 10, 
 Ducking stool, Colonial punishments; 11, First vessel built on Manhattan; 12, Sleepy Hollow 
 Church; 13, Old Broadway; 14, The Capture of Andre, manned by descendants of those who 
 captured him; 15, Old fire-engine, manned by veterans from this division. 
 
 All along Broadway the residences were beautifully decorated 
 and all the business places were in gala dress. The floats 
 were drawn up Broadway to Beekman avenue, to Cortlandt 
 street, to Main street. 
 
 The firemen then paraded through various streets to Fountain 
 square, to be inspected. 
 
 The North Tarrytown Department marched to Beekman 
 avenue, where inspection took place. After the inspection 
 the firemen repaired to their various quarters and had dinner. 
 In the evening there was a magnificent display of fireworks 
 in Buchanan's lot on the west side of the railroad track, when 
 forty set pieces of fireworks were shown. After this display 
 there was a ball in Music Hall under the auspices of Riverside 
 Hose Company. In the automobile parade, Mr. Charles 
 Vanderbilt won the silver cup for the best decorated car. 
 
 Hastings had further celebration in the afternoon with 
 addresses, and Irvington finished the evening at the Village 
 Hall, 
 nyack On Wednesday, October 6, the floats that were landed in 
 
 Cere- Nyack at the Main street dock, were drawn to the corner of 
 Broadway and Cornelison avenue in South Nyack, where the 
 parade started about noon in the following order: 
 
 Grand Marshal Isaac E. Pye and Aides. 
 
 Police. 
 
 Chief of Fire Department. 
 
 Fort Lee Band. 
 Knickerbocker Engine Co. 
 
Lower Hudson Ceremonies 899 
 
 Murray-s Band. Hjack 
 
 OrangetowD Fire Engine Co. Cere- 
 
 Float with Indians. mOniCS 
 
 Spring Valley Band. 
 Pearl River Fire Co. 
 Spring Valley Hook and Ladder Co. 
 Defender Engine Co. 
 ijtii Separate Co. Fife and Drum Corps. 
 Empire Hook and Ladder Co. 
 Deiter Folder Co. Band. 
 Jackson Hose Co. 
 Float with Indians, 
 Tappan Fire Department. 
 Glassing's Band. 
 Mazeppa Engine Co. 
 Float. 
 Chelsea Hook and Ladder Ca 
 Float. 
 Baptist Boys Brigade. 
 Float. 
 Kyel's Band. 
 Jackson Engine Co. 
 Float. 
 
 The Clermont arrived at Ossining at midnight, September Ossining 
 29-30, and was followed by the Half Moon on Thursday, the ^^^^^^ 
 30th. During Thursday, boats of all kinds and sizes visited 
 the replicas of Hudson's ship and Fulton's steamboat. The 
 members of the official party of the Clermont were the special 
 guests of the sub-marine fleet while at Ossining. The visitors 
 left for Peekskill about 4 P. M. 
 
 The parade at Ossining was held a week later, on Thursday, 
 October 7. Grand Marshal Edwin McAlpin appointed the 
 following aides for the parade: Dudley B. Holbrook, Chief of 
 Staff, and the following aides: Messrs. Walter W. Law, Jr., 
 Willis J. Physioc, Augustus McCollom, Howard B. Boden, 
 Henry C. Holbrook, O. R. Clark, Augustine Sackett, Carroll H. 
 Stevens, A. Coleman Smith, Clarence S. Smith, Earl Hopping, 
 Charles E. Oliver, Rossiter Holbrook, Alfred C. Prentice, and 
 John B. Grenlich. 
 
 The twenty floats being in position, the parade commenced 
 
900 The Hudson- Fulton Celebration 
 
 Ossinins at 1 1 o'clock on Broadway, at Nelson Park, and proceeded 
 ^"' north on Broadway to Main street in the following order: 
 
 Grand Marshal E. A. McAlpin and Aides. 
 
 Grand Army Veterans. 
 
 Company C, 71st Regiment. 
 
 Company A, 7th Regiment. 
 
 Twenty floats from the New York Parade, among which were the following organizations: 
 
 Ossining School Children. 
 
 George Washington Society. 
 
 Carpenters' Union. 
 
 Chief Engineer F. J. Axner and former Chiefs of Fire Department. 
 
 Senate Hook and Ladder Company. 
 
 Cataract Hose Company. 
 
 Washington Hook and Ladder Company. 
 
 Automobiles. 
 
 Haver- In order that the people of Haverstraw and vicinity might 
 
 straw 
 Cere- 
 
 see the Half Moon and Clermont, those vessels, when they left 
 monies Tarry town for Peekskill on Thursday afternoon, September 30, 
 skirted the western shore of the river. Large crowds of people 
 came to the riverside at Haverstraw and Grassy Point and even 
 after dark had bonfires on the shore to prolong their salute to 
 the strange looking craft. 
 
 The local Celebration at Haverstraw was on Thursday, Octo- 
 ber 7. The parade in the afternoon was composed of various 
 civic organizations and school children of Haverstraw and 
 vicinity. It was impracticable to take the historical floats of 
 the Commission to Haverstraw, but the procession contained 
 very interesting floats made locally. The order of march was 
 as follows : 
 
 Finl Division 
 
 William Benson, Grand Marshal. 
 
 Bradley Keesler, Assistant Grand Marshal. 
 
 Platoon of Police. 
 
 Marshal and Assistant Marshals. 
 
 President and Board of Haverstraw Officials, in carriages. 
 
 President and Board of West Haverstraw Officials, in carriages. 
 
 Citizeas" Committee — George W. Morley, Charles A. Weiant, Leo Hirschfeld, Florent Verdin, 
 
 A. W. Dutcher, Alex. Mendelson, Nathan Burger, James A. Morrissey. 
 
 Glassing's Band. 
 
 Edward Pye Post, G. A. R. No. 179. 
 
Lower Hudson Ceremonies 901 
 
 Admiral Cook Camp, S. W. V. Haver- 
 Canton Rockland, No. 68, I. O. O. F. Straw 
 Spirit of 1776. Cere- 
 Boys' Brigades, M. E. and C. P. Churches. monies 
 
 Second Division 
 
 Fred Ossman, Marshal. 
 
 Band, Chas. Petrone, Leader. 
 
 Christopher Colombo Society. 
 
 Passaic Band. 
 
 St. Peter and St. Paul Society, Haverstraw. 
 
 St. John Society, Garnerville. 
 
 Slavish National Society, Haverstraw. 
 
 St. Nicholas Society, Haverstraw. 
 
 Third Division 
 
 Citizens in carriages. 
 
 Fred. S. Goldsmith, Marshal. 
 
 Foi's Band. 
 
 Principal and Board of Education of Haverstraw. 
 
 Haverstraw Public School. 
 
 Thirty floats. 
 
 Garnerville Public School. 
 
 Nine floats. 
 
 (Representing the present day and periods in our progress). 
 
 Fourth Division. 
 
 Fred Bonnett and son Fred with their duplication of the Clermont. 
 
 John E. Fowler and John A. Lynch, Marshals. 
 
 Chief Shankey and Assistants, H. F. D. 
 
 Fire Wardens. 
 
 Visiting Fire Department Chiefs. 
 
 St. Agatha's Cadet Drum Corps. 
 
 Rescue Hook and Ladder Co. No. i, Haverstraw. 
 
 S. W. Johnson Engine Co. No. i, Garnerville. 
 
 S. W. Johnson Gun Squad, Garnerville. 
 
 S. W. Johnson Steam Engine Co., Wappingers Falls. 
 
 Citizens Wappingers Falls. 
 Continental Hook and Ladder Co., Westwood, N. J. 
 
 Fifth Division 
 
 John Ducey, Marshal. 
 
 Stony Point Drum Corps. 
 
 General Warren Hose Co. No. 2, Haverstraw. 
 
 Goodsell Hose, Highland Falls. 
 
 Alert Hook and Ladder Co., Congers. 
 
 Lady Warren Hose Co. No. 5. 
 Park Ridge Volunteer Fire Association. 
 
902 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Haver- Sixth Division. 
 
 ^■""^ G. A. Springstell and George S. Allison, Marshals. 
 
 ^^^^- Montgomery Drum Corps. 
 
 fnOBies Relief Hose Co., Haverstraw. 
 
 Empire Steamer Co., Hoboken. 
 Columbian Engine Co., Weehawken, N. J. 
 Delford Fire Association, Oradell. 
 Band. 
 Century Hook and Ladder Co., Park Ridge. 
 
 Seventh Division 
 
 George Dutcher and James Fredericks, Marshals. 
 
 Industrial floats. 
 
 Hirshfield's 3-horse Team and Truck. 
 
 Clark & Bennett with Piazza of House. 
 
 Heminover Bros., of Garnerrille. 
 
 Peekskill The Half Moon and Clermont arrived at Peekskill on Thurs- 
 ^^^7 day evening, September 30. Their stay here vras compara- 
 tively short, as it was necessary for them to leave the next 
 morning in order to rendezvous at Cornwall in time to join the 
 Naval Parade from New York to Newburgh on that day. The 
 visit was long enough, however, to give hundreds of people an 
 opportunity to see the vessels. 
 
 The celebration in Peekskill on Thursday and Friday, 
 October 7 and 8, outrivaled anything of the kind ever seen in 
 that village before. Every building in the business center, 
 comprising about twelve blocks, was covered completely with 
 bunting, flags and various appropriate insignia, and many of 
 the buildings had electric light effects at night. The main streets 
 were crossed with strings of flags from every telephone pole, 
 and twelve big arches covered with flags and bunting for use 
 in the Columbus Day celebration the following week were 
 erected in time for use in the Hudson-Fulton Celebration. 
 They were all strung with colored lights, making a beautiful 
 efi^ect at night. One of these arches lighted the entrance to 
 Depew Park and another near the railroad station welcomed 
 the visitors. 
 
 The principal event on Thursday was an automobile parade 
 
Lower Hudson Ceremonies 903 
 
 which was witnessed by 5,000 persons. Twenty cars were in PeekskiU 
 line for the prize, a handsome silver cup chased with automobile ^jj^jj^j^^ 
 scenes. Many other cars not entered were on the streets. The 
 procession moved with Mr. E. J. Lockwood's big tricar in 
 advance distributing confetti and serpentine. The reviewing 
 stand was on the veranda of the Raleigh Hotel. The judges 
 were Messrs. W. B. O'Heeld, Thomas Nelson, Jr., and Mac- 
 Donough Craven. After witnessing the parade pass three 
 times the judges awarded the prize to Mr. George W. Robert- 
 son, who drove a runabout representing an airship. The 
 balloon was of yellow bunting covered with green branches 
 and interlaced with yellow chrysanthemums. Yellow stream- 
 ers connected the balloon to the body made up the same as the 
 top. Honorable mention was given to Mr. Charles Vander- 
 bilt's representation of the Half Moon, which won the prize 
 in the Tarrytown parade. The second honorable mention 
 was Mr. John N. Tilden's motor barge with Uncle Sam as 
 steersman and Misses O'Dowd, Kelly and Schneider as oars- 
 men, and Miss Mildred Terbush as pilot, dressed as an Indian 
 girl. She is the great-great-granddaughter of John Paulding, 
 one of the captors of Major Andre. 
 
 Mr. Isaac H. Smith was Chairman of the general committee 
 having charge of the parade on Friday, October 8. The 
 Grand Marshal was Mr. Fred. A. Smith, who had Mr. J. Cole- 
 ridge Darrow as Chief of Staff and thirty mounted aides. The 
 line formed on Nelson avenue, right resting on Orchard street, 
 and passed through various thoroughfares, to the corner of 
 Main and Division streets, where it was dismissed. The order 
 of the procession was as follows : 
 
 Grand Marshal Fred. A. Smith and Aides. 
 
 Fini Divhion. 
 
 PeekskiU Fire Department. 
 
 Chief Engineer, C. E. Forbush. 
 
 First Assistant Engineer, H. Aug. Tompkins. 
 
 Second Assistant Engineer, J. J. Finnegan. 
 
904 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Peekskill Murray's Band. 
 
 Cere- PeekskiU Exempt Firemen's Association, drawing old hand engine. 
 
 monies Montgomery Drum Corps. 
 
 Columbian Engine Company No. i. 
 
 Poughkeepsie Drum Corps. 
 
 Columbian Hose Company No. i. 
 
 Sixth Heavy Artillery Band. 
 
 Cortlandt Hook and Ladder Company No. i. 
 
 Poughkeepsie Drum Corps. 
 
 Washington Engine Company No. 2. 
 
 Stony Point Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 Centennial Hose Company No. 4. 
 
 Float, "Season of Fruits and Flowers." 
 
 Indians on foot at games. 
 
 Float, "Season of Hunting." 
 
 Float, "Season of Snow." 
 
 Float, " Corn Festival." 
 
 Second Division. 
 
 Horace McCoy, Marshal. 
 
 Styles' Band. 
 
 Trades Council of Peekskill. 
 
 Trades and Labor Council of Peekskill. 
 
 Cigarmakers' Union No. 81 (Floral float). 
 
 Carpenters and Joiners' Union No. 163. 
 
 Brotherhood Painters and Decorators' Union No. 148. 
 
 Plumbers' Union No. 390. 
 
 Yeastmakers' Union. 
 
 Float, "First Vessel Built on Manhattan." 
 
 Characters furnished by Ancient Order of Hibernians, Division No. 10. 
 
 Float, "Pulling Down the Statue of George \ll." 
 
 Characters furnished by the pupils of Drum Hill High School. 
 
 Float, "Washington Coach." 
 
 Characters furnished by Van Cortlandt Chapter, Daughters of the ReTolution. 
 
 Third Division. 
 
 Charles Nassau Wells, Marshal. 
 
 Peekskill Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 De Lancy Cole Camp No. 78, Sons of Veterans. 
 
 P. M. A. Cadet Battalion. 
 
 St. Joseph's Home Band. 
 
 St. Joseph's Home Boys' Fire Department. 
 
 St. Joseph's Home Boys' Cadet Corps. 
 
 St. Joseph's Home Company of Sailors. 
 
 St. Joseph's Home Girls. 
 
 Columbian Engine Band. 
 
 Pupils of Oakside School. 
 
 Pupils of Drum Hill School. 
 
Lower Hudson Ceremonies 905 
 
 Pupils of Guardian School. PeekskiU 
 
 Pupils of District School No. 6, Buchanan. Cere- 
 
 Pupils of School District No. 4, Oscawana-on-Hudson, with float representing Oscawana tribe monies 
 of Indians. 
 Van Cortlandtville School District No. 10. 
 Float, "The Capture of Andre." 
 Float, "Willett's Seizure of Arms." 
 Characters furnished by pupils of Oakside School. 
 
 Fourth Division. 
 
 Lanning G. Roake, Marshal. 
 
 Barnes' Band. 
 
 PeekskiU Council, No. 1945, Royal Arcanum. 
 
 Italo-American Association, Christopher Columbus. 
 
 Employes Southard-Robertson Foundry. ^ 
 
 Cortlandt Grange, P. of H. 
 
 Liberty Lodge No. 4152, G. U. O. F. 
 
 PeekskiU Motor Boat Club. 
 
 Float, "Modern Motor Boat." 
 
 Float, "Old Fire Engine." 
 
 Characters furnished by the PeekskiU Exempt Firemen's Association. 
 
 Float, "Old Broadway Sleigh." 
 
 Characters furnished by Cornelia Beekman Chapter, Junior Sons and Daughters of the ReTolution. 
 
 Friday evening the tovpn was given over to a carnival during 
 which the members of the fire department, fraternal societies 
 and boys and girls in costume marched about the streets. 
 
 Saturday evening every house and store was brilliantly 
 lighted. 
 
 The celebration at Cold Spring on Saturday, October 9, Cold 
 aroused the liveliest interest. The ceremonies were formally q^j^_ 
 opened at 10 a. m. by a public meeting with Mr. Stuyvesanti 
 Fish as Chairman. Addresses were delivered by Mr. Fish, 
 Dr. William M. Sloan, Professor of History in Columbia 
 University, and Judge William Wood. 
 
 Despite the fact that the strong tides and weak motive power 
 of the boats which towed the barges containing the historical 
 floats from PeekskiU to Cold Spring prevented the arrival of 
 the floats until late in the afternoon, the land parade took 
 place as follows: 
 
9o6 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Com Aqueduct Police. 
 
 Spring Grand Marshal Nelson and Aides. 
 
 Cere- Collin's Band. 
 
 monies United States Artillery. 
 
 Ladies' Troop. 
 Troop of Horsemen. 
 Large American Flag. 
 Float, "Goddess of Liberty Crowning Hudson and Fulton.^ 
 Matteawan Military Band. 
 School Children. 
 Float, "Pocahontas and Attendants." 
 Drum Corps. 
 Fire Department. 
 Hook and Ladder Truck decorated, carrying children representing historical characters. 
 Float, "Hiawatha's Courtship." 
 Cold Spring Young Men's Association. 
 Float, "Mollie Pitcher." 
 Hudson-Fulton Flag. 
 Float, "Rip Van Winkle." 
 Italian Band. 
 Italian Brigade. 
 Float, "Going to the Kirmess." 
 Float, "Colonial Tea Party." 
 Float, " Uncle Sam Surrounded by his Immigrants." 
 Automobiles. 
 
 Illuminations and a fine display of fireworks concluded 
 
 the day. 
 
 Cornwall While Comwall-on-Hudson, for the reason stated at the 
 
 ^^^^' beginning of this chapter, was classified with the Lower 
 nonies ° ° .... 
 
 Hudson, it was not under the jurisdiction of the Lower Hudson 
 
 Committee and its celebration was arranged independently 
 of that Committee. The members of the Commission at 
 Cornwall are the Hon. John H. Clarkson and Mr. Creswell 
 MacLaughlln, with whom were associated, as members of the 
 local committee, Mr. Harvey R. Talyor, Captain Charles 
 Curie (now deceased), Dr. Henry Lyle Winter, Mr. Fred 
 Booth, Mr. S. B. Young, and Mr. S. C. Jones. President 
 Clarkson was Chairman and Mr. MacLaughlin, Secretary. 
 
 For the celebration at Cornwall the Commission appro- 
 priated $2,500 and over $1,000 was raised by subscription by 
 the local committee. 
 
Lower Hudson Ceremonies 907 
 
 The Half Moon and Clermont left Peekskill early Friday Cornwall 
 morning, October i, and arrived at Cornwall just north of old ^^^^^^ 
 Storm King, in ample time for the local celebration before 
 joining the Naval Parade to Newburgh. As the Clermont 
 entered the southern gate of the Highlands, the party on board 
 gathered about the aft companion way and sang "Ye Banks and 
 Braes of Bonnie Doon," as Robert Fulton is said to have sung 
 it in 1807. Crowds gathered along the river front everywhere 
 to greet the Half Moon and Clermont and see the other vessels 
 of the Naval Parade. At the site of Fort Clinton, at West 
 Point, and at Cold Spring, salutes of various sorts — dipping the 
 flag, firing of cannon, and blowing of steam whistles — showed 
 special honor to the two replicas. 
 
 The local celebration at Cornwall included an historical 
 parade in the morning, a school children's festival in the 
 afternoon and a fine display of fireworks in the evening. The 
 center of interest was Palmer's Park overlooking the Hudson, 
 from which point the salutes to the Naval Parade were fired, 
 and at this point were congregated about 20,000 spectators. 
 
 The parade in the morning was one of the most picturesque 
 given along the river. It included members of the Grand Army 
 in coaches; one thousand school children representing the 
 entire town of Cornwall, marching; members of the fraternal 
 and patriotic societies with banners and uniformed as follows: 
 Independent Order of Red Men, United Order of American 
 Mechanics, Knights of Columbus, Patriotic Sons of America, 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, 
 Foresters of America, Royal Arcanum, Independent Order of 
 Foresters, Companions of the Forest, Mountainville Grange, 
 Cornwall Club, Veterans of the Spanish-American War, and 
 the FirthcHfF Club; thirty ladies of the Order of Pocohontas in 
 the complete costumes of Indian squaws; Great Chief Bear in 
 gorgeous native costume, accompanied by Red Men dressed 
 as chieftains (all these wore original costumes of American 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Cornwall Indians); Storm King Engine Company in full uniform; High- 
 "*" land Engine Company in full uniform; thirty-five Knights of 
 Pythias from Marlborough in full uniform; twenty ladies and 
 children in native Indian costumes; seventy-five men in 
 complete Indian dress of v\^hich twenty-five were mounted; 
 twenty-five floats representing the degrees of advancement 
 since the discovery of the Hudson ; and one hundred and twenty- 
 five cadets from the New York Military Academy of Cornwall- 
 on-Hudson. The most beautiful floats represented Dutch, 
 Indian, Colonial, Patriotic and Commercial subjects. The 
 music throughout the day and night was of the highest order 
 and the day and night displays of fireworks were as brilliant as 
 any shown on the river. 
 
 Notwithstanding the large crowd and the cumbersome size 
 of the parade of over three thousand in line, the disposition of 
 the heavy floats and the hundreds of automobiles and carriages, 
 there was not a hitch in the day, not a person injured, and 
 nothing lost through thieves either on the road or in the homes 
 of the people. The town was thoroughly policed and dis- 
 cipline perfect. Nine months were spent in arranging for 
 the event and it was the largest and most instructive com- 
 memoration ever presented in the history of Cornwall. The 
 decorations were artistic and the enthusiasm universal. 
 
CHAPTER L 
 
 YONKERS CEREMONIES 
 
 THE local celebration at Yonkers may be said to have 
 begun on Wednesday, September 29, with the boat 
 races reported in the chapter on Aquatic Sports. 
 
 The arrival of the Half Moon and Clermont on the morning jy^e^ 
 of Thursday, the 30th, was another event of great local interest, Events 
 and the vessels were viewed by thousands from the river front 
 or from points of vantage along the elevated streets of the 
 city. Captain Davis and the party on the Clermont were the 
 guests of the Yonkers City Club at luncheon. At 2.45, the 
 Half Moon and Clermont departed for Tarrytown. 
 
 The principal events in Yonkers, however, occurred during 
 the second week. For the following account of these events 
 we are indebted to Mr. Clarence E. Leonard, Executive 
 Aide of Mayor Warren, Chairman of the Lower Hudson 
 Committee. 
 
 For several months preparations had been in progress for Work of 
 the large part which the City of Yonkers took in the series of Commit- 
 celebrations along the Lower Hudson. The cities of Mount 
 Vernon and New Rochelle combined with Yonkers and added 
 thousands to the population of over eighty thousand people in 
 Yonkers, while the nearby villages of Westchester County 
 contributed their quotas. As a result, the day of the Grand 
 Parade, October 4, witnessed the largest gathering of spectators 
 at any point outside of the City of New York during the whole 
 Hudson-Fulton Celebration. 
 
 The interest in the Celebration had been fostered by the 
 energetic work of the committees appointed by Chairman 
 Warren. 
 
 Under the leadership of Chairman Michael J. Walsh, the 
 909 
 
91 o The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Work of Committee on Plan and Scope evolved the general plan of 
 " operations for the week which was successfully carried out by 
 the other committees. 
 
 Chairman Gideon H. Peck, of the Committee on Press and 
 Publicity, issued descriptive leaflets, hung banners at various 
 points and published newspaper articles describing the pur- 
 poses and plans for a most successful celebration. 
 
 Chairman J. Irving Burns, of the Committee on Finance, 
 made such successful appeals for the support of the community 
 to the Yonkers Subscription Fund, that in a short space of 
 time large amounts of money were contributed and the success 
 of the Celebration assured. 
 
 Efforts were made by Chairman Arthur D. Ballard, of the 
 Committee on Reunion, to bring back to Yonkers as many of 
 its former citizens as possible for an Old Home Week Celebra- 
 tion, while Chairman George R. Brown, of the Committee on 
 Reception and Hospitality, made extensive plans for the enter- 
 tainment of all who should become guests of the city during 
 the Celebration. 
 
 Chairman William Shrive, of the Committee on Decorations, 
 not only covered the public buildings and streets of the city 
 with a well-devised system of decorations, which was extended 
 by private effort throughout the city, but also erected an arch 
 in Getty Square with accompanying columns of approach, 
 which was very effective. 
 
 Chairman Edward Gerbereux, of the Committee on Illumina- 
 tions, carried out plans on a large scale, which resulted in one 
 of the finest electrical displays exhibited outside of the city of 
 New York, and which will remain a pleasant memory to all 
 who were so fortunate as to view it. 
 
 The illumination of the city was continued evenings through- 
 out the entire week of Celebration, and was ably aided by 
 private enterprise in decorating and illuminating. 
 
 Chairman Oliver Scott, of the Committee on Reviewing 
 
Yonkers Ceremonies 
 
 Stands, erected large stands for the purposes of the Parade and 
 for the concerts in the parks. 
 
 The week's observances had an auspicious beginning in a Religious 
 union religious service held in Philipsburg Hall on Sunday 
 afternoon, October 3, 1909. At this service every seat in the 
 large hall was occupied. All denominations and creeds were 
 generously represented and nearly all of the local clergy were 
 seated on the platform. The Rev. William P. Stevenson, D. D., 
 Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Religious Exercises, opened the meeting with prayer 
 and introduced successively the following speakers: Rev. 
 James E. Freeman, Rector of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church; 
 Rev. C. F. Ralston, Pastor of Warburton Avenue Baptist 
 Church; Rev. William P. Bruce, Pastor of Park Hill Reformed 
 Church, and Rev. S. C. Hearn, Pastor of the First Methodist 
 Church. The music was under the direction of Mr. Will R. 
 Reeves, and a very pleasing program was rendered in which 
 Messrs. Stanley Avery, Magnus F. Schutz and John Young 
 took solo parts. The congregational singing was hearty, led 
 by a large and efficient chorus composed of the choirs of the 
 First Presbyterian, Warburton Avenue Baptist, St. John's 
 and St. Andrew's Episcopal Churches. The meeting closed 
 with the benediction pronounced by Rev. John M. Ericcson, 
 Rector of St. John's Episcopal Church. 
 
 On Monday, October 4, shortly after 10 o'clock in the Recep- 
 forenoon, Governor Hughes and staff and Mrs. Hughes arrived *'°° °^ 
 in Yonkers. They were received by Chairman George R. 
 Brown, of the Committee on Reception and Hospitality, together 
 with Mayor Warren and the Executive Committee, who 
 escorted the guests to the City Club. There a collation and 
 brief reception were tendered, and a short address was made by 
 the Governor, after which a review of the line of march took 
 place from the beginning of the route to the Grand Reviewing 
 Stand at Washington Park. Governor and Mrs. Hughes 
 
912 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Recep- appeared to be particularly pleased with the large bodies of 
 jj""*" school children banked among the many thousands of specta- 
 tors. A large number from the schools of Mount Vernon 
 were located south of the grounds of St. Joseph's Hospital, 
 and made a fine appearance, while the stand on the grounds 
 contained a large representation from the parish school of St. 
 Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Yonkers, and on a stand on 
 the foreground of the High School Building was a living repre- 
 sentation of the United States Flag, composed of a thousand 
 pupils from the schools of Yonkers, dressed in the red, white 
 and blue costumes which had been provided by Chairman 
 Charles Philip Easton, of the Committee on Schools. The 
 scholars added to the effect with their well-rendered songs. 
 Governor Hughes and party proceeded to the Grand Stand in 
 front of the New City Hall, where the Governor reviewed the 
 parade. On the stand with him were Mayor Warren, Mayor 
 Benjamin Howe, of Mount Vernon, ex-Mayors of Yonkers 
 James H. Weller, John E. Andrus, Michael J. Walsh, Leslie 
 Sutherland and John H. Coyne, members of the Executive 
 Committee, city officials, and invited guests. Mayor George 
 G. Raymond, of New Rochelle, marched at the head of his 
 division from that city. At the conclusion of the parade. 
 Governor Hughes was escorted to the depot, where he took a 
 train at half-past three o'clock for the north. 
 Military Meanwhile during the morning, the Militia and Civic 
 and Civic Organizations assembled under the charge of Chairman John 
 C. Shotts, of the Committee on Parade, making the largest and 
 finest procession that has taken place in the City of Yonkers. 
 The procession was nearly three miles long and took two 
 hours to pass a given point. 
 
 Soon after the historical floats had been delivered in their 
 proper order in the line at 1 1 o'clock in the morning, the pro- 
 cession moved in the following order: 
 
Yonkers Ceremonies 913 
 
 Yonkers Mounted Police. Military 
 
 and Civi 
 Parade 
 
 Grand Marshal John C. Shotts and Staff. ^°* "'"^ 
 
 Flm Divhion 
 
 Division Marshal Brigadier-General John I. Pruyn and Staff. 
 
 Murray's Band. 
 
 Drum Corps. 
 
 First Battalion, loth Regiment, N. G. N. Y. 
 
 Company E, First Regiment, N. G. N. Y. 
 
 No. iz School Band. 
 
 High School Cadets. 
 
 Westminster Brigade. 
 
 McClellan Camp, Sons of Veterans. 
 
 Yonkers Letter-Carriers. 
 
 Kitching Post No. 60, G. A. R. 
 
 John C. Fremont Post No. 590, G. A. R. 
 
 Second Division. 
 
 Division Marshal H. P. Spreckels and Staff. 
 
 First Regiment Band, Newark. 
 
 Employees Otis Elevator Company, with Fire Brigade apparatus and two floa 
 
 Port Chester Band. 
 
 Employes Federal Sugar Refining Company. 
 
 Third Division 
 
 Division Marshal M. J. Cantwell and Staff. 
 
 Styles' Band. 
 
 Improved Order of Red Men. 
 
 Float, "Season of Blossoms." 
 
 Float, "Season of Snows." 
 
 Pennoyer's Band of New York City. 
 
 Foresters of America. 
 
 Italian Boys' Band. 
 
 Marconi Mutual Benefit Association. 
 
 Float, "Season of Fruits." 
 
 Float, "Season of Hunting." 
 
 Red Men's Drum Corps. 
 
 Red Men in Costume. 
 
 Indians from State Reservation. 
 
 Red Men in Costume. 
 
 Float, "Fate of Henry Hudson." 
 
 Sons of the North. 
 
 Float, "First Vessel Built on Manhattan." 
 
 Blacken's Band, of Elizabeth, N. J. 
 
 Sons of St. George. 
 
 Fourth Division 
 
 58 
 
 Mayor Raymond, of New Rochelle. 
 Division Marshal A. H. Titus and Staff. 
 
914 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Military New Haven Band. 
 
 and Civic New Rochelle Citizens' Committee. 
 
 Parade Enterprise Hand Truck. 
 
 Five Companies New Rochelle Firemen. 
 
 Float, "Huguenots." 
 
 Float, "Colonial Home." 
 
 Drum Corps. 
 
 Patriotic Order Sons of America. 
 
 United Order of American Mechanics — Senior and Junior Orden. 
 
 Float, "Dutch Doorway." 
 
 Float, "Daughters of Liberty." 
 
 Leake and Watts Band. 
 
 Float, "St. Nicholas." 
 
 Yonkers Teutonia. 
 
 Yonkers Quartet Club. 
 
 Float, "Colonial Period." 
 
 Float, "Stamp Act." 
 
 Scottish Pipe Band, from New York City. 
 
 Clan MacGregor. 
 
 Fifth Division 
 Division Marshal Edward Gerbereui and Staff. 
 Band. 
 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. 
 
 Float, "Manor Hall." 
 
 Float, "Willett's Seizure of Arms." 
 
 Float, "Destruction of Statue of George III." 
 
 Float, "Capture of Andre." 
 
 Float, "Old-Time Punishments." 
 
 Dietz Band. 
 
 Royal Arcanum Float. 
 
 Royal Arcanum. 
 
 Fourth Separate Company Drum Corps. 
 
 Modern Woodmen of America. 
 
 Two Floats and Log Cabin. 
 
 Sixth Division. 
 
 Division Marshal Bradford Jones and Staff. 
 
 German Odd Fellows Orphan Asylum Band. 
 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows. 
 
 Float, "Washington Coach." 
 
 Float, "Legend of Sleepy Hollow." 
 
 Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 Mercury Athletic Club. 
 
 Seventh Division 
 
 Division Marshal John N. Parsons and Staff. 
 
 Band. 
 
 ■1 . "T'l^ Clermont." 
 
Yonkers Ceremonies 
 
 915 
 
 Irish-American Societies. Military 
 
 Float, "Old Fire Engine." and Civic 
 
 Band Parade 
 
 Union Engine Company No. 3, New Rochelle. 
 
 Court Bonnybrook Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 West Harrison Chemical Engine Company. 
 
 Harvey's Band. 
 
 Yonkers Eiempt Firemen's Benevolent Association. 
 
 Hose carriage and old hand engine. 
 
 Eighth Division. 
 
 Division Marshal George W. Bard and Staff. 
 
 Mount Vernon Band. 
 
 Farnsworth Post No. 170, G. A. R., of Mount Vernon. 
 
 Mount Vernon Sons of Veterans. 
 
 Float, "Old Broadway Sleigh." 
 
 Boys' Band. 
 
 Court Chester Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 Clinton Hook and Ladder Company of Mount Vernon. 
 
 Drum Corps, 
 
 Chemical Engine Company No. 4 of Mount Vernon. 
 
 Drum Corps. 
 
 Engine Company No. 3 of Mount Vernon. 
 
 Ninth Diviiion 
 
 Division Marshal Peter Zyarlowski and Stall. 
 
 Members of Hungarian Societies. 
 
 Hungarian Band. 
 
 Hungarian Societies. 
 
 Barnes' Band. 
 
 Uniformed Members of Polish Societies. 
 
 Other Members of Polish and Hungarian Societies. 
 
 Paderewski's Band. 
 
 Float with Hungarians. 
 
 Float, "Capture of Stony Point." 
 
 Tenth Division 
 
 Division Marshal John Ungvarsky and Staff 
 
 Band 
 
 Holy Trinity Society No. 41. 
 
 St. John Assembly No. 34, 
 
 St. Nicholas No. l^. 
 
 St. John Nep. No. 237. 
 
 St. John's Slavish. 
 
 Lutheran Union. 
 
 Assembly 15, Slavish Gymnastic Union. 
 
 First National Union. 
 
 St. Michael's Society. 
 
91 6 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Military St. John's Society. 
 
 and Civic St. Joseph's Society. 
 
 Parade Mertz-Reed Band of Port Chester. 
 
 Eleventh Division 
 
 Division Marshal Clarence W. Clark and Staff. 
 
 Vehicles Representing Yonkers Industries. 
 
 The last division was equal in interest to those which pre- 
 ceded it, and not only gave a striking illustration of the indus- 
 trial activities in Yonkers, but reflected the earnest work 
 of Chairman Louis Spreckels of the Committee on Local 
 Industries. 
 
 Grand Marshal Shotts estimated that there were 13,000 
 persons in the procession. 
 
 The route of the parade was from the junction of McLean 
 avenue and Broadway, and Morris street and Broadway in 
 South Yonkers, northward on Broadway past the reviewing 
 stand in front of the New City Hall, through Getty Square and 
 up North Broadway to Shonnard place. At the latter point 
 was the reviewing stand of the Grand Marshal, while scattered 
 along the route were various stands to accommodate the many 
 thousands of spectators. 
 
 The distance covered by the route of march slightly exceeded 
 four miles. 
 
 It is estimated that nearly two hundred thousand people 
 
 witnessed the Celebration, a large number coming from the 
 
 surrounding towns and villages of Westchester County and 
 
 many from the City of New York. 
 
 Home Chairman Arthur D. Ballard, of the Committee on Reunion, 
 
 ^^. ^'with his efficient co-workers, had labored strenuously to pro- 
 cepbon / '^ ^ 
 
 mote the Old Home Week feature of the Celebration which 
 added much to its success, and kept up the interest in the local 
 celebrations in Yonkers for the balance of the week. 
 
 On the evening of Monday, October 4, following the 
 parade, an Old Home Week reception and concert were held 
 
Yonkers Ceremonies 917 
 
 in Carnegie Library Hall. The hall was well filled. Mr. Home ^^ 
 Arthur D. Ballard, Chairman of the Committee on Reunion, ception 
 called the assemblage to order and welcomed those present. 
 He stated that about 2,300 invitations to former residents of 
 the city had been sent out. He then introduced as the pre- 
 siding officer of the evening Mayor Warren. The Mayor, 
 after an appropriate address, introduced Rev. Dr. William P. 
 Stevenson, Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, who spoke 
 on the growth of the city, and Mr. S. Emmet Getty, who spoke 
 of the old-timers, of which band he was one. A character- 
 istically humorous speech from Mr. William Welsh was followed 
 by remarks from Mr. James V. Lawrence, President of the 
 Chamber of Commerce, Mr. George W. Farnham of Brooklyn, 
 a former resident, and Mr. Daniel J. Cashin, President of the 
 Board of Aldermen, who wittily referred to matters mentioned 
 by the previous speakers. Interspersed between the speeches 
 several musical numbers were given. Messrs. A. H. Tompkins 
 and Patrick Loughnan gave martial music on drum and fife; 
 Mrs. Mary McGowan-Koch, sang "The Lark Now Leaves its 
 Watery Nest " and "Home, Sweet Home;" Mr. Fred Butler 
 rendered "My Own United States" and "The Two Grena- 
 diers;" and vioUn solos were rendered by Mr. Manfred S. 
 Uhlfelder. The piano accompaniment was by Mr. Stanley R. 
 Avery. 
 
 At half-past six o'clock in the evening following the Grand Ulumi- 
 Parade, an interesting ceremony took place at the headquarters 
 of the Committee in the Radford Building, on Getty Square. 
 At that hour, Chairman Nathan A. Warren and the members 
 of the Executive Committee received from Chairman Edward 
 Gerbereux, of the Committee on Illuminations, formal notice 
 that the extensive system of illuminations was ready to be placed 
 in operation. Mayor Warren introduced Miss Jennie Lulla- 
 belle Mooney, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. George S. Mooney, 
 who, being held up by her mother, pressed the button which 
 
91 8 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 in an instant transformed the ordinary light of the city into a 
 dazzling blaze of electric glory. The illumination consisted of 
 many thousands of sparkling white electric bulbs with a half 
 moon and star alternately glittering among the brilliant festoons 
 which were strung along the avenues, and interwoven into 
 exquisite designs upon the buildings. 
 
 Carnival In the evening there was a general carnival. Tens of thou- 
 sands of visitors joined the citizens of Yonkers in merry-making 
 and taking the roadways with the true spirit of fun and laughter, 
 singing and parading and making the most remarkable spec- 
 tacle ever seen in the city. Every one was good natured and 
 happy and no excessive rough play or accidents marred the 
 occasion. The carnival was repeated with more or less vigor 
 each evening throughout the week, ending in the grand display 
 of fireworks on Saturday evening. 
 
 The plans of the local committee were intended to provide 
 entertainment for the evenings of the week, while business 
 proceeded during the day time as usual. The beautiful illumi- 
 nation of the city buildings, parks, docks and principal streets 
 was continued each evening of the week. As a consequence 
 large crowds of spectators made the evenings merry with carni- 
 val and it is a noteworthy fact that so much of the spirit of fun 
 should have prevailed with an almost total absence of rudeness. 
 The police arrangements were admirable, and great credit 
 is due Chief Wolff and his assistants for the masterly manner 
 in which the crowds were handled, not only during Monday's 
 parade and those following it, but throughout the Carnival 
 of jollity which prevailed during the week. 
 
 Auto- On Tuesday, October 5, while the historical floats pro- 
 
 mobile ceeded on their way through the lower Hudson villages, the 
 citizens of Yonkers indulged in an Automobile parade. The 
 procession formed at half-past eight o'clock in the evening at 
 Lawrence street and South Broadway and proceeded north on 
 Broadway to Getty Square, where the automobiles were 
 
Yonkers Ceremonies 919 
 
 reviewed and iudged at the grand stand ; then proceeded Auto- 
 
 - , • 1 J u mobile 
 
 through the various streets of the city, and returned past the parade 
 
 grand stand at the new City Hall and disbanded. 
 
 The parade was organized in the following order.- 
 
 Motorcycle Police. 
 Grand Marshal, Dr. C. W. Buckmaster. 
 
 George H. Thomas, Marshal. 
 Out of Town Cars. 
 
 Second Dhhion. 
 
 Dr. W. George Schoonover, Marshal. 
 
 Westchester County Cars. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Third Dhision 
 
 Charles P. May, Marshal. 
 
 Yonkers Cars. 
 
 Fourth Division 
 
 Herbert Rose, Marshal. 
 
 Advertising Cars. 
 
 The judges were Messrs. John C. Shotts, George N. Rigby, 
 William H. Torpey, S. J. Murphy, Abraham Shapiro and 
 J. A. Bradley. 
 
 The automobiles of Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Reeves, containing 
 their little two sons, representing Peary and Cook in the discovery 
 of the North Pole, took the first silver prize, a loving cup, and 
 twelve other prizes were awarded to other cars which were 
 fantastically and beautifully arranged. Colonel F. O. Brown, 
 of Dobbs Ferry, was awarded first prize in the out of town 
 division for his automobile float, the " Halve Maen," a miniature 
 replica of Hudson's craft, which received great applause all 
 along the line. Colonel Brown and his friends were dressed 
 in Dutch costumes. The Otis Elevator Company took the 
 prize for commercial cars, with young ladies as living pictures. 
 Mr. Samuel Untermyer's two cars and the cars of Messrs. 
 
920 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Joseph Canepi, A. K. Shipman, George H. Thomas, Charles 
 E. Otis, Joseph Blatzheim, George W. Olivet and Thomas F. 
 Larkin, captured prizes while the car of Mr. Charles May took 
 the prize for grotesque decoration, 
 pal Pa- ^" Wednesday afternoon, October 6, occurred a Municipal 
 rade Parade of the City of Yonkers, which included all of the 
 employees of the city in the various departments to the number 
 of a thousand men, led by the Mayor, Nathan A. Warren. 
 
 It moved at 2.30 o'clock from Getty Square and proceeded 
 through North Broadway, Dock street, Warburton avenue. 
 Union Place, Woodworth avenue. Wells avenue, Warburton 
 avenue, Riverdale avenue, Ludlow street, and South Broad- 
 way, to Getty Square, where it disbanded. 
 
 Following Grand Marshal Matt H. Ellis and staff came the 
 police force; Mayor Warren and office assistants; the Common 
 Council; the Board of Supervisors; members of the judiciary 
 and city officials of all departments; the volunteer fire depart- 
 ment with three hose companies; officials of the Public Safety 
 Department, including the Bureau of Health, Charities, Build- 
 ings, Combustibles, Weights and Measures, and the Fire 
 Bureau; twelve fire engine and truck companies with eighteen 
 pieces of fire apparatus; and officials of the Department of 
 Public Works, including representatives of the Park and 
 Water bureaus. At intervals between the different bodies 
 were bands of music. The parade was reviewed by the 
 ex-Mayors of Yonkers and ex-City officials, at the grand stand 
 on Broadway. 
 Banquet On the evening of October 6 a banquet was given at 
 Philipsburgh Hall, by the Yonkers Committee and was one of 
 the most elaborate affairs of its kind ever held in Yonkers. 
 The following details are gathered from a newspaper account 
 of the dinner: The guests were seated at small tables, each 
 accommodating four persons. These tables were decorated 
 with vines and ferns. At each plate were roses and carnations. 
 
Yonkers Ceremonies 921 
 
 The favors were Hudson-Fulton Manor Hall medals. Each Banquet 
 person received also a papier-mache globe — a map of the 
 world — showing the North Pole, at which was an American 
 flag and two figures supposed to represent Cook and Peary. 
 
 A long table along the east end of the room was occupied 
 by the speakers, members of the committee and others. They 
 were Mayor Nathan A. Warren, who was the toastmaster; Rev. 
 Charles R. Corley, Mr. Wm. Warburton Scrugham, Supreme 
 Court Justice Arthur S. Tompkins, Comptroller James T. 
 Lennon, Mr. Edward Gerbereux, Mr. Clarence E. Leonard, 
 Mr. Joseph Miller, Mr. Charles Philip Easton, Col. O. C. F. 
 Homer, Mr. Robert G. Jackson, Mr. G. H. Wildman, Mr. 
 Daniel Fulton, Rev. William P. Bruce, Mr. Edwin A. Oliver, 
 Public Safety Commissioner Edgar M. Hermance, Hon. Job 
 E. Hedges, Rev. James E. Freeman, Mr. J. B. Walker, Mr. 
 George R. Brown, Mr. E. K. Martin, Mr. Michael J. Walsh, 
 Mr. Jules Breuchaud, Mr. F. S. Cook and City Engineer 
 L. S. Cooper. 
 
 The menu cards were elaborate examples of the printer's 
 and engraver's art. The frontispiece showed a picture of the 
 Palisades in the background, and in front the Clermont and 
 Half Moon sailing northward. 
 
 The dinner was served by the management of the Park Hill 
 Inn. The invocation, preceding the dinner, was by Rev. Dr. 
 Charles R. Corley. 
 
 Steadman's Orchestra furnished music. 
 
 Mayor Warren announced that he had received letters, 
 expressing regret at inability to attend, from a number of 
 people who had been invited to make addresses. These 
 included General Woodford, Mr. Herman Ridder, the Mayors 
 of Albany, Kingston and other cities along the river. Supreme 
 Court Justice Keogh, and Dr. Frederick A. Cook, the Arctic 
 explorer. "General Woodford was to have spoken to us of 
 'Hudson and His River,' and Mr. Ridder of 'Fulton and 
 
922 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Banquet His Clermont,'" said the Mayor. "I will call upon a gentleman 
 who has always been conspicuous for his interest in civic and 
 historic matters affecting Yonkers to address you on these 
 ^ two topics, Rev. James E. Freeman." 
 
 Following the address by Dr. Freeman, the Chairman intro- 
 duced Justice Arthur S. Tompkins who spoke on "Colonial 
 Westchester," Mr. Job E. Hedges of New York City, who 
 responded to "Our Country," Mr. WiHiam W. Scrugham of 
 Yonkers who responded to "Our City," and the Rev. William 
 Paterson Bruce, Pastor of the Park Hill Reformed Church of 
 Yonkers, who told of "The Share of the Church of Holland in 
 the Hudson-Fulton Celebration." 
 
 Between the speeches, songs were rendered by Mr. G. 
 Magnus Schutz and Mrs. Mary McGowan-Koch. Mr. Schutz 
 was accompanied on the piano by James Pearce, M. B., and 
 Mrs. Koch by Mrs. Frederick L. Keller. "Home, Sweet 
 Home," was sung by the soprano, as the finale. 
 Concerts Qn Thursday evening, October 7, band concerts were held 
 in the various parks of Yonkers and at the Public Dock. A 
 concert was also given at St. Mary's R. C. Church, Yonkers, 
 Rev. Charles R. Corley, Rector, which was attended by Mayor 
 Warren and Committee and a large number of citizens. 
 
 The program follows: 
 
 1. National Anthem. 
 
 By St. Mary's Choir. 
 
 2. Organ solos: 
 
 (a) Prelude to Act III, Lohengrin Wagner. 
 
 (b) Arioso Scherzando Avery. 
 
 (c) March from ".'\ida" Verdi. 
 
 By Mr. Stanley R. Aveiy. 
 
 3. "Star Spangled Banner." 
 
 By St. Mary's Choir. 
 
 4. Organ solos: 
 
 (a) Allegretto Guilmant. 
 
 (b) Scherzo Dethier. 
 
 (c) Overture to "William Tell" Rossini. 
 
 By Mr. Robert W. Wilkes. 
 
Yonkers Ceremonies 923 
 
 5. Bass solos: Concerts 
 
 (a) "Beloved Columbia" Ries. 
 
 (b) Recessional De Kovea. 
 
 By Mr. G. Magnus Schutz. 
 
 6. Organ solos: 
 
 (a) "March Heroique" Dubois. 
 
 (b) Intermezzo Hollins. 
 
 (c) Prelude Rachmaninoff. 
 
 By Mr. Will R. Reeves. 
 
 7. "Home, Sweet Home." 
 
 By Mr. Schutz. 
 
 8. Hymn, "Holy God, we Praise Thy Name." 
 
 By Choir and .•\udience. 
 
 On Friday afternoon, October 8, occurred the literary School 
 exercises at the schools in charge of Mr. Charles Philip Easton, 
 Chairman of the Committee on Schools, and President of the 
 Board of School Trustees. The most pretentious exercises 
 were those of the High School, which were held in Philips- 
 burgh Hall, where prizes were given to the boy pupil and girl 
 pupil who had prepared the best essay on the "Discovery of 
 the Hudson River." John W. Draper and Sarah R. Hull were 
 the prize winners and the medals were presented by Mr. 
 Easton in behalf of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commis- 
 sion. An address was delivered by the Rev. Philip M. Walters. 
 Other parts of the program were: — Singing, "Star Spangled 
 Banner;" oration, "The Career of Robert Fulton," by Charles 
 Ransom Enriques; "The Earlier Steamboats on the Hudson 
 River," by Morris Gilbert Bishop; song, "Blest of God, the 
 God of Nations;" violin solo, Ossian A. M. Kaever, and violin 
 solo, Sandford Petersdorf. 
 
 Supervisor of Music G. O. Bowen was in charge of the 
 musical program, and William Lydon Wright, of the senior 
 class of the school, was at the organ. 
 
 All the lower grade schools held exercises in their assembly 
 rooms. At No. 19 School the pupils of the third grade ren- 
 dered a dramatized version of "Hiawatha." The children of 
 
End 
 
 924 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 the fourth grade rendered a series of historical tableaux illus- 
 trating scenes from the life of Hudson and Fulton. 
 Brilliant The ending of the Celebration was signalized on Saturday 
 evening, October 9, by a display of fireworks far exceeding 
 anything heretofore undertaken in the vicinity. This exhibi- 
 tion, which was under the supervision of Chairman Edward 
 Gerbereux of the Committee on Illuminations, took place on 
 barges in the Hudson River stationed a few hundred feet off 
 the Yonkers shore, extending from the Public Dock northerly 
 for some distance. This gave opportunity for many thousands 
 to view the spectacle, and it was universally appreciated. 
 
 A band concert also took place at the Public Dock Pier 
 during the exhibition. 
 
 The New York Herald account of the Yonkers celebration 
 says: 
 
 "It is estimated that upwards of 200,000 strangers came to the city 
 during the week to see the several parades, and while most of them 
 live in nearby places and returned after the exercises by train or trolley 
 not a few were from distant points and the several hotels have been 
 comfortably crowded all week. Local merchants have benefited to a 
 material extent from the Celebration and no one in Yonkers has reason 
 for regretting the experience. 
 
 "One specially gratifying feature of the week has been the fact that 
 the police have handled the big crowds without difficulty and the 
 people have lent the guardians of the peace every assistance in their 
 power. What few arrests have been made were for intoxication and 
 not a single robbery or larceny has been reported. There were no 
 accidents to mar the Celebration." 
 
T 
 
 CHAPTER LI 
 
 UPPER HUDSON PLAN OF CELEBRATION 
 
 'HE minutes of the first meeting of the Executive Com-^ug- 
 
 r 1 TT 1 -T- T • /"I • gestedat 
 
 mittee oi the Hudson 1 er-centenary Jomt Lommittee gggj^. 
 
 held at the Hotel Manhattan, in New York City, onning 
 
 December 1 6, 1905, contain the following paragraph: 
 
 "As the central theme of the Celebration was Hudson's voyage to 
 and up the river which bears his name, it was suggested that the 
 Celebration should not be local but should be arranged so as to enlist 
 the interest and participation of every community along the river from 
 New York City as far as Troy at least." 
 
 This idea that the Celebration should extend along the 
 whole river was further reflected in the first preliminary report 
 of the Plan and Scope Committee, dated June 13, 1906, which 
 said: 
 
 "We recommend that the Half Moon and Clermont, escorted by two 
 official vessels representing the City and State of New York, and by as 
 many other craft as may volunteer, proceed up the river to Albany, 
 stopping opposite the river-side villages and cities and forming the 
 center of local demonstrations. This will permit not only the popu- 
 lation bordering the historic river, but also our fellow citizens residing 
 in the adjacent inland towns, to participate in the commemoration." 
 
 But while the inclusion of the Upper Hudson in the Cele-Plan Ex- 
 bration was contemplated from the beginning, the organiza- '^°<*^ 
 tion of the Upper Hudson communities, the working out of the 
 details of that part of the Celebration anri the modification of 
 the plan of Celebration in two essential details — namely, the 
 extension of the Naval Parade from Haverstraw Bay to New- 
 burgh Bay and the lengthening of the period of the Celebra- 
 tion from one to two weeks — were due to the enterprise of 
 public-spirited citizens residing in the upper valley. 
 
926 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Plan Ex- On June 27, 1906, Mr. William J. McKay called the atten- 
 tion of the Trustees to the feasibility of navigating vessels of 
 deep draft as far as Newburgh Bay, and proposed that 
 the Naval Parade go as far as that city. Upon investiga- 
 tion, this suggestion proved to be practicable and w^as 
 adopted. 
 
 The concerted movement for celebrations north of New- 
 burgh took shape in the fall of 1907, and with singular pro- 
 priety was brought to the attention of the Board of Trustees 
 of the Commission by a member who not only bore the historic 
 name of the great navigator, but also represented a city bearing 
 his name, namely. Mayor Henry Hudson of Hudson. At the 
 Trustees' meeting on November 27, 1907, Mayor Hudson 
 expressed the view that the eight day celebration as already 
 outlined might desirably be followed by another week for the 
 particular benefit of the up-state residents. He said that during 
 the first week of the Celebration many of the people from the 
 upper part of the State would want to visit New York; and that 
 the following week might be devoted to "old home days," on 
 which old residents and others could visit the towns up the 
 river. He also suggested that it might be arranged to have a 
 celebration at Poughkeepsie on Monday, at Kingston onTuesday, 
 at Catskill on Wednesday, at Hudson on Thursday, at Albany 
 on Friday, and at Troy on Saturday. Receiving assurance 
 that such an arrangement would be agreeable to the Trustees, 
 Mayor Hudson invited representatives of communities along 
 the Upper Hudson to a conference at the Albany Club in the 
 City of Albany on Saturday, November 30, 1907, at which 
 gentlemen were present from Albany, Castleton, Catskill, 
 Cohoes, Hudson, Kingston, Troy and Watervliet, and an 
 organization was effected with the Hon. Charles H. Gaus, 
 Mayor of Albany, as Chairman, Mr. Benjamin F. Hamilton 
 of New York as Secretary and Mr. William Wortman, City 
 Clerk of Hudson, as Assistant Secretary. 
 
Upper Hudson Plan of Celebration 927 
 
 Further to strengthen the relations between the Commission Opper 
 and the communities along the Hudson valley and throughout Rgp^e. 
 the State, the Trustees secured the passage by the Legislature senta- 
 of 1908 of chapter 217 of the laws of that year, the text of which 
 is given in Chapter II of this report, making the Mayors of all 
 the cities of the State members and Trustees of the Commis- 
 sion and the Presidents of all the incorporated villages along 
 the Hudson members of the Commission. 
 
 During the following summer and fall there was cordial 
 collaboration between the Trustees and the Upper Hudson 
 representatives, and on November 30, 1908, in announcing the 
 appointment of a full set of Committees, Acting President 
 Ridder appointed a Committee on Newburgh Ceremonies with 
 Hon. Benjamin McClung as Chairman, a Committee on Old 
 Home Week with the Hon. John K. Sague of Poughkeepsie as 
 Chairman, a Committee on Local Celebrations, with Hon. 
 Henry Hudson of Hudson as Chairman, and a North Hudson 
 Committee with Hon. Charles H. Gaus of Albany as Chairman. 
 
 On January 7, 1909, the Executive Committee of the Trustees 
 voted to merge into one committee, called the Upper Hudson 
 Committee, the separate committees previously appointed to 
 have charge of functions at and north of Newburgh, and this 
 committee was empowered to select its own Chairman and 
 divide itself into such sub-committees as it deemed advisable. 
 To this committee were added all members of the Commission 
 residing at and north of Newburgh along the river. 
 
 The Upper Hudson Committee organized at a meeting held Upper 
 in Poughkeepsie on January 30, 1909, by the election of Col. ^"<*s°° 
 Arthur MacArthur of Troy as Chairman; Hon. Benjamin zation 
 McClung of Newburgh, Hon. Henry F. Snyder of Albany, 
 Hon. John K. Sague of Poughkeepsie, Hon. Henry Hudson of 
 Hudson and Hon. Walter P. Crane of Kingston as Vice-Chair- 
 men; Mr. Benjamin Hamilton of New York as Secretary and 
 Mr. William Wortman of Hudson as Assistant Secretary. 
 
tion of 
 
 Funds 
 
 928 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 The committee then divided itself into sub-committees to 
 attend to the details of the local celebration. These sub- 
 committees also included one on the Upper Hudson Naval 
 Parade of which Hon. William J. McKay was made Chairman. 
 Alloca- During the session of the Legislature of 1909, representative 
 members of the Upper Hudson Committee cooperated with the 
 Executive Officers and the Committee on Law and Legislation 
 in securing the enactment of Chapter 448 of the Laws of 1909, 
 the text of which is given in Chapter II of this report. Of the 
 $300,000 appropriated by that act, $100,000 was expressly 
 allotted by the act "for the purposes of the Celebration upon 
 the Hudson River at and northerly of the city of Newburgh." 
 At a meeting of the Upper Hudson Committee at Troy on June 
 12, 1909, this $100,000 was apportioned to the local committees 
 as follows: 
 
 Newburgh ,832,000 
 
 Poughkeepsie 9.500 
 
 Kingston 7,000 
 
 Catskill 3,500 
 
 Hudson 8,000 
 
 Albany 18,000 
 
 Troy 15,000 
 
 General expenses 5,000 
 
 Champlain floats* 2,000 
 
 ;g 1 00,000 
 
 This allocation of funds was subsequently approved by the 
 Trustees. 
 Cohoes As the work of arranging the Celebration proceeded, the 
 Included ^[^y gf Cohoes, lying on the western side of the river opposite 
 the northern part of the city of Troy and above the State dam, 
 expressed an earnest desire to participate. The city of Albany 
 therefore made an allowance of $3,000 of its funds to Cohoes, 
 
 * The Commission paid the Champlain Ter-centenary Commission S6,ooo for the use of 
 certain barges used on Lake Champlain during the Champlain Celebration, and the Upper 
 Hudson Committee assumed S2 ,000 of this $6,000 expense. 
 
Upper Hudson Plan of Celebration 929 
 
 and the program of the Celebration was extended still further 
 so as to permit Cohoes to have secular ceremonies on Monday, 
 October 11. In a similar way Newburgh made an allowance 
 of several hundred dollars to the opposite village of Fishkill 
 Landing for fireworks. 
 
 The Upper Hudson Committee appointed an Auditing Audit 
 Committee to approve all bills before forwarding them to the 
 headquarters of the Commission for the usual audit and pay- 
 ment. It proving impracticable, however, to send the bills 
 around to the eight different members of that committee, each 
 of whom resided in a different place, it was finally provided that 
 Mayor Hudson should audit the bills from Hudson, Mr. Cor- 
 nelius F. Burns those from Troy, Mayor McClung those from 
 Newburgh, Corporation Counsel Arthur L. Andrews of Albany 
 those from Albany, Mayor Crane those from Kingston, Mayor 
 Sague those from Poughkeepsie, Gen. W. S. C. Wiley those 
 from Catskill, and Mayor Hanson and Mr. Andrews those 
 from Cohoes. The bills were then endorsed by Col. MacAr- 
 thur, Chairman of the Upper Hudson Committee, and for- 
 warded to Headquarters in New York where they went through 
 the regular course of audit provided for the bills from all 
 committees. 
 
 The appropriations above mentioned do not, however. Private 
 represent the total amount spent on the Celebration along the Contri- 
 Upper Hudson. Each of the eight local committees of this 
 Commission enlisted the cooperation of citizens' committees 
 and raised large funds to supplement the moneys provided by 
 the State, and the result was a series of local celebrations which, 
 in their relative scale, were equal, in the seriousness of their 
 conception, in the success of their execution and in the bril- 
 liancy of their character, to those in New York City. 
 
 In the following chapters will be found accounts of the cere- 
 monies at Newburgh, Poughkeepise, Kingston, Catskill, 
 Hudson, Albany, Troy and Cohoes. 
 59 
 
r 
 
 CHAPTER LII 
 
 NEWBURGH CEREMONIES 
 
 N the chapter on the Naval Parade to Newburgh and the 
 chapter on Aquatic Sports, we have already given accounts 
 of some of the events at Newburgh. It remains now to 
 speak more particularly of the other ceremonies at this point, 
 for the details of which we are largely indebted to the Hon. 
 Benjamin McClung, Mayor of the City and Chairman of the 
 Newburgh Committee of the Commission. 
 Local The Celebration naturally caused Newburghers to look back 
 
 History ^j^|^ pride on the long history of that city, dating back to 1684 
 when Gov. Dongan purchased from the Indians the tract of 
 land of which the present city occupies a part. In 1709, during 
 the reign of Queen Anne and just 100 years after the discovery 
 of the river by Hudson, a little band of fifty-three Palatines, 
 under the guidance of Rev. Joshua Kokerthal located in the 
 vicinity of where now stands the city of Newburgh, having 
 been driven by persecution from their homes on the sunny, 
 castled Rhine. A patent was given to them by Great Britain for 
 2,190 acres of land, which was in turn divided into farms, and 
 upon a portion of which was built this beautiful hillside city. 
 The history of the early settlers is a dramatic and at times 
 tragic story of privations and sufferings. But they were a 
 God-fearing people, industrious and resourceful and the prog- 
 ress of the community has been continuous to the present 
 time. They had escaped religious persecution and reached a 
 haven protected from the storms of oppression. 
 
 Newburgh, from its earliest period until peace with England 
 
 was established in 1783, was the scene of many important 
 
 events and particularly during the dark days of the Revolution, 
 
 when Washington occupied the old Hasbrouck homestead as 
 
 930 
 
Newburgh Ceremonies 931 
 
 his headquarters; and Newburgh points with pride to the fact Local 
 that it was here that the American army was disbanded and 
 peace declared. It was here also that some of Washington's 
 admirers, who had lost faith in Congress and began to doubt 
 the feasibility of republican government, offered him through 
 Colonel Nicola the power of a king and it was here that 
 Washington gave that great example of democracy by indig- 
 nantly rejecting the offer. Newburgh has had its anniver- 
 saries, and looks with pride upon each succeeding event, and 
 down into history goes its part in the ter-centenary of the 
 discovery of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson, in 1609, and 
 the centenary of the first use of steam in navigation of this 
 river by Robert Fulton in the year 1807. 
 
 Newburgh, in 1807, was a prosperous village, supporting 
 many substantial stores, and a newspaper which in 1829 
 was known as the "Newburgh Telegraph" and still exists 
 as the "Newburgh Telegram." It had for its proprietor for 
 many years, and until lately, that eminent historian, Edward 
 M. Ruttenber. 
 
 Newburgh's part in the Hudsort-Fulton Celebration was 
 quite as prominent as that of New York, and while not on 
 such an elaborate scale, still won credit to the city. 
 
 The first of the public ceremonies were those held on Wed- Statue 
 nesday, September 29, on the grounds at Washington's Head-^®*°" 
 quarters. Here, around a model of Mr. Henry K. Bush- 
 Brown's equestrian statue of Anthony Wayne, the original 
 bronze statue of which is at Valley Forge, literary exercises 
 were held beginning at 2 p. m. About 1,500 persons were 
 present. After a musical selection by Alsdorf's Orchestra, Mr. 
 Bush-Brown opened the exercises by calling the meeting to 
 order and presenting Mayor McClung as the presiding officer. 
 The Mayor said: 
 
 " Not only has genius developed for our utility the sciences and 
 the adaptations of inventions, but it has given to the world for its 
 
932 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Wayne 
 
 Statue betterment arts to be applied to keep before us a lasting monument 
 
 ^, ^"' of the names of those who were benefactors of the race. Time has 
 
 not detracted from the usefulness of art. Man has not ceased to 
 love it and the world is better for its influences. It truly purifies by 
 its mute eloquence. Through genius in art man moulds from 
 Nature's clay a form, a figure. It is the sculptor's conception, his 
 inspiration, produced for the benefit of mankind." 
 
 The Mayor closed by introducing the Hon. John A. Herman 
 of Pennsylvania, a member of the Gen. Wayne Statue Commis- 
 sion of that State. 
 
 Mr. Herman delivered the principal address of the occasion, 
 taking as his theme Gen. Wayne, who, hke Robert Fulton, was 
 a native of Pennsylvania. He began by analyzing the qualities 
 which made Wayne great, and spoke of the two contrasting 
 phases of his character — his daring courage as illustrated at 
 Stony Point and his unending patience and endurance, even in 
 adversity, as illustrated at Valley Forge. He then dwelt upon 
 Wayne's military career. In speaking of Wayne's courage at 
 Stony Point, which earned for him the title of "Mad Anthony," 
 be characterized it as "the madness of Leonidas with his 
 Spartans, Thespians and Thebans; the madness of Washing- 
 ton at Braddock's; the madness of the defenders of the Alamo; 
 the madness of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill." 
 
 Mayor McClung then spoke at some length, concluding 
 by presenting the statue to the Trustees of Washington's 
 Headquarters. 
 
 The Hon. Howard Thornton accepted the gift on behalf of 
 the Trustees, and at the conclusion of his address a salute was 
 fired and the neighboring steam whistles added their blasts to 
 the demonstration. 
 
 When the echoes of the salute had subsided, a brief address 
 was delivered b)' the sculptor, Mr. Bush-Brown, and the bene- 
 diction was pronounced by the Rev. John Huske, rector of St. 
 George's Church. 
 
Newburgh Ceremonies 933 
 
 On Wednesday evening, September 29, a notable meeting Old 
 in connection with the "old home" exercises of the Celebra- 5^^^^^ 
 tion was held in the American Reformed Church. Mr. W. H. 
 Kelly, Chairman of the Old Home Week Committee, presided. 
 The Rev. M. Seymour Purdy, pastor of the church, made the 
 invocation. After an address by Chairman Kelly, Mayor 
 McClung delivered an address of welcome. The Mayor was 
 followed by the Rev. Jeremiah Searle, D.D., pastor of Calvary 
 Presbyterian Church, who has lived in Newburgh 36 years; 
 and he was followed by the Rev. J. R. Thompson, D.D., 
 pastor of Westminster Church, who is 85 years of age and the 
 oldest pastor in Newburgh. Mr. Purdy pronounced the 
 benediction. During the exercises, music was rendered by 
 the church quartette and Collins' Orchestra. 
 
 On Thursday, September 30, a handsome monument to the Fire- 
 Volunteer Fire Department was unveiled in the yard of D. C. ™®° ^ 
 f^ _ ^ Monu- 
 
 Miller at Broadway and Concord street in the presence of a ment 
 
 great throng of people. This is not its permanent site, however, 
 and the monument will not be formally dedicated until it is 
 moved to Downing Park. The monument, which has a total 
 height of 17 feet, consists of a granite base surmounted by a 
 bronze statue of a fireman in full uniform with a child under 
 his arm. The base bears the inscription: "Newburgh Vol- 
 unteer Fire Department, " and is embellished with representa- 
 tions of hydrants, trumpets, nozzles, etc. The monument is 
 the result of five years' work on the part of the Ladies Auxiliary 
 of the Firemen's Association. The exercises consisted of a 
 brief introduction by Mr. L. M. Smith, a prayer by Rev. George 
 W. Grinton, musical selections by Collins' Band, an address by 
 Senator John B. Rose, the unveiling by Felix Kramp and John 
 A. Keefe, Jr., and a benediction by Rev. B. F. Warren, D.D. 
 
 Under the auspices of the Newburgh Historical Committee, Tablets 
 of which Mr. James N. Dickey was Chairman, five tablets were 
 erected to mark places of historical interest as follows: 
 
934 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Tablets i. At Washington's Headquarters. 
 
 2. At Mailler's storehouse, at Front and Third streets, the 
 site of the terminus of the Continental ferry to Fishkill. 
 
 3. At the house of John Clysdale, 326 Liberty street, the site 
 of Martin Weigand's tavern in which the Committee of Safety 
 met during the Revolution. 
 
 4. At Peter W. Fuller's new^s store, 105 Liberty street, the 
 site of the camp ground of Washington's Life Guards; and 
 
 5. At the home of Charles Small, 338 Liberty street, the 
 birthplace of Gen. Wood, a soldier of the War of 18 12, the 
 Mexican War and the Civil War. 
 
 Parade of On Thursday afternoon, September 30, was held the greatest 
 "^ ^' parade in the history of the Newburgh Fire Department. The 
 procession, which started about 1.30 p. m., was headed by 
 carriages containing ex-Governor Benjamin B. Odell, Jr., 
 Mayor McClung, City Clerk Daniel J. Coutant, members of 
 the City Council, former chief engineers of the Fire Depart- 
 ment, and other city officials. The complete formation was as 
 follows: 
 
 Police Escort, Emanuel Perrott, Marshal. 
 
 Mayor, Members of City Council, and other local and visiting city officials in carriages. 
 
 Chief Engineer, John A. Keefe. 
 
 First Division 
 
 Assistant Chief J. B. Reynolds. 
 
 Mertz-Reed Band, Portchester. 
 
 Tompkins Hose Co., Fishkill-on-Hudson, 
 
 F. R. Ogden Band, White Plains. 
 
 Hope Engine Co., White Plains. 
 
 Montgomery Drum Corps, Montgomeiy. 
 
 Eagle Chemical Engine & Hose Co., Middletown. 
 
 Doyle*s Band, Ossining. 
 
 Senate Hose and Ladder Co., Ossining. 
 
 Ansonia Band, Ansonia, Conn. 
 
 Fountain Hose Co., Ansonia, Conn. 
 
 Twenty-fourth Separate Band, Middletown- 
 
 Phoenix Engine Co., Middletown. 
 
 Goshen Comet Band. 
 
 Cataract Engine Co., Goshen. 
 
 Philharmonic Concert Artillery Band, Bridgeport, Conn. 
 
Newburgh Ceremonies 935 
 
 Harry Howard Hook & Ladder Co., Portchester. Parade of 
 
 Peekskill Drum Corps. Fire De- 
 
 Washington Steamer Co., Croton. partment 
 
 Cadet Band, Wappingers Falls. 
 Garner Engine Co., Wappingers Falls. 
 Kingston Fife, Drum & Bugle Corps. 
 Monhagen Hose Co., Middletown. 
 
 Portchester Comet Band. 
 Reliance Engine Co., Portchester. 
 
 Second Division 
 
 Assistant Chief James Gregg. 
 
 Fife, Drum & Bugle Corps, Port Jervis. 
 
 Citizens Hose Co., Catskill. 
 
 Glens Falls City Band. 
 
 White Hose Co., South Glens Falls. 
 
 Dutchess F. D. & B. Corps, Matteawan. 
 
 Goodsell Hose Co., Highland Falls. 
 
 Tarrytown Protectory Home F. & D. Corps. 
 
 Cataract Engine Co., Ossining. 
 
 Fifth Regiment Field Corps. 
 
 Unexcelled Fire Co., Asbury Park, N. J. 
 
 Chanler F. D. & B. Corps, Matteawan. 
 
 Beacon Engine Co., Matteawan. 
 
 Liberty Comet Band. 
 
 Liberty Hose, Hook & Ladder Co., Liberty. 
 
 Washington Irving F. & D. Corps. 
 
 Jackson Engine Co., Tarrytown. 
 
 156th Regiment F. & D. Corps, Highland. 
 
 Milton Fire Co., Milton. 
 
 Cornwall Village Band. 
 
 Storm King Engine Co., Cornwall. 
 
 Highland Mills Band. 
 
 Highland Engine Co., Corawall-on-Hudson. 
 
 Tenth Regiment Co. A Band, Mount Vernon. 
 
 Chemical Engine Co., No. 4, Mt. Vernon. 
 
 Ex-I3th Regiment Field Music, D. & B. Corps, Brooklyn. 
 
 Citizens Hose Co., Catskill. 
 
 Third Division 
 
 Fishkill and Matteawan Band, Matteawan. 
 
 Willard Mase Hook and Ladder Co., Matteawan. 
 
 Fire Patrol, Portchester. 
 
 Prospect Hill Hose Co., Highland Falls. 
 
 Sayre Steamer Co., Rhinebeck. 
 
 19th Separate Fife, Dmm and Bugle Corps, Poughkeepsie. 
 
 Brewster Hook and Ladder Co., Newburgh. 
 
 Peabody's Band, Poughkeepsie. 
 
 Chapman Steamer Co., Newburgh. 
 
936 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Parade of 
 Fire De- 
 partment 
 
 Military 
 and 
 Naval 
 Parade 
 
 Doring's Band, Troy. 
 
 Ringgold Hose Co., Newburgh. 
 
 Ontario & Western Band, Middletown. 
 
 Leonard Steamer Co., Newburgh. 
 
 Y. M. C. A. Drum Corps, Newburgh. 
 
 Columbian Hose Co., Newburgh. 
 
 Walden Fife, Drum and Bugle Corps. 
 
 Highland Steamer Co., Newburgh. 
 
 Higham Fife, Drum and Bugle Corps, Middletown. 
 
 Washington Heights Chemical Engine Co., Newburgh. 
 
 Brennan's Band, New Hamburgh. 
 
 Washington Steamer Co., Newburgh. 
 
 Collins' City Band. 
 
 Lawson Hose Co., Newburgh. 
 
 The route of march extended through about six and a quarter 
 miles of Newburgh's principal streets and was lined with 
 immense throngs of spectators. Next to the procession itself, 
 the chief feature of the parade was the " Living Flag," com- 
 posed of school boys and girls dressed in colors to represent an 
 American flag and seated on a stand at the corner of Broadway 
 and Grand street. They were arranged so that in the front 
 row were girls wearing white dresses and red capes who formed 
 the first red stripe. Next came girls with white capes, forming 
 a white stripe. Back of them were other rows of boys and 
 girls, forming alternately red and white stripes. The blue 
 field was formed by children wearing long blue capes. Thirteen 
 of these children held before them white pasteboard stars. 
 As the procession passed this stand the children sang patriotic 
 airs. 
 
 The procession was nearly two hours in passing a given 
 point. 
 
 On Friday, October i, occurred the great Naval Parade from 
 New York to Newburgh which is described in Chapter XXI. 
 At the conclusion of the exercises on Ramsdell's wharf, therein 
 reported, a reception was tendered the Official guests at the 
 Newburgh City Club; and after that a Military and Naval 
 Parade, in which seven thousand soldiers, sailors and marines 
 participated, was held. Troop "B" with the United States 
 
Newburgh Ceremonies 937 
 
 Marine Corps headed the procession, followed by the sailors Military 
 from the Half Moon, and then in order, the sailors from the ^° . 
 Dutch cruiser Utrecht, which had carried the Dutch Commis- Parade 
 sioners to Newburgh. The United States Sailors and Marines, 
 the Revenue Cutter Service, the Naval Militia of the State of 
 New York, and the National Guard of the State followed in 
 order. 
 
 It was an inspiring sight to see the men pass the reviewing 
 stand which was in front of the Court House on Grand street 
 and upon which were seated over three thousand invited 
 guests. It was a scene never before witnessed in Newburgh, 
 and will probably not be witnessed again during the lives of 
 most of those who took such an ardent interest in the Cele- 
 bration. The order of procession was as follows: 
 
 Platoon of Mounted Police. 
 
 Grand Marshal, Gen. George Moore Smith, and Staff. 
 
 Troop B, National Guard of New York. 
 
 First Division. 
 
 Mertz-Reed Band of Portchester. 
 
 Corps Marine, from the Netherlands Ship Utrecht. 
 
 Detachments of United States Navy. 
 
 Band from U. S. ships North Carolina and Montana. 
 
 Sailors from the U. S. Ship North Carolina. 
 
 Sailors from the U. S. Ship Montana. 
 
 Ontario and Western Band of Middletown. 
 
 Sailors from the U. S. Ship New York. 
 
 Walden Band. 
 
 Sailors from the U. S. scout cruisers Salem and Birmingham. 
 
 United States Revenue Cutter Service. 
 
 Naval Militia of the State of New York. 
 
 Second Division 
 
 Collins Band of Newburgh. 
 
 Y. M. C. A. Drum Corps, Newburgh. 
 
 Brennan's Band of New Hamburg. 
 
 First Regiment, N. G., N. Y. 
 
 First Battalion: 
 
 Company L, Newburgh. 
 
 Company E, Newburgh. 
 
 Company I, Middletown. 
 
 Company F, Walton. 
 
938 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Military 
 and 
 Naval 
 Parade 
 
 lUucoi- 
 
 nations 
 
 Second Battalion: 
 
 Company H, Binghamton. 
 
 Company A, Utica. 
 
 Company M, Mohawk. 
 
 Company G, Oneonta. 
 
 Second Regiment, N. G., N. Y. 
 
 First Battalion: 
 
 Company B, Cohoes. 
 
 Company C, Troy. 
 
 Company D, Troy. 
 
 Company A, Troy. 
 
 Second Battalion: 
 
 Company G, Yonkers. 
 
 Company F, Hudson. 
 
 Company K, Poughkeepsie. 
 
 The parade was reviewed by Governor Hughes, Gen. Wood- 
 ford, and other officials of the Commission and official guests 
 from home and abroad. 
 
 Following the parade the invited guests were entertained by 
 the official committee of local Commissioners consisting of 
 Hon. Benj. McClung, Mayor; Mr. Francis N. Bain, Treasurer; 
 Mr. W. Johnston McKay, Secretary; Hon. Benj. B. Odell, Jr.; 
 Hon. M. H. Hirschberg; Mr. H. K. Bush-Brown; Mr. Henry 
 Kohl; Mr. Frederick W. Wilson; Mr. Arthur A. McLean and 
 Brig.-Gen. George Moore Smith; and a citizens' committee of 
 four hundred. The Ladies' Committee entertained the ladies 
 accompanying the official guests at their beautiful quarters at 
 the Mackie Cottage near the grand reviewing stand. 
 
 Those present will ever remember the hospitalities extended 
 to the officials of the Commission and those invited to partici- 
 pate. 
 
 During the whole Celebration the city was magnificently 
 decorated with the flags of nations, shields and emblems 
 symbolizing the courtesies extended to the distinguished guests 
 and representatives of foreign nations. In the evenings the 
 illuminations were on the most extensive scale. Viewed as they 
 were from every vantage point, they impressed upon spectators 
 the earnestness and painstaking effort that were exercised in 
 
Newburgh Ceremonies 939 
 
 carrying into effect the events so perfectly arranged by the 
 Committee. 
 
 On Friday evening, October l, a grand carnival was held on Carnival 
 the principal thoroughfare of the city. The brilliant electric 
 lights, making the street as light as day, illuminated a throng 
 of from 30,000 to 40,000 people, among whom moved the 
 revelers dressed in various picturesque and historical costumes. 
 The throwing of confetti and the use of ticklers were freely 
 indulged in, but there was no serious roughness in the good- 
 natured reveling. 
 
 On the same evening there was a brilliant display of fire- 
 works, and thousands went to the riverside and occupied other 
 points of vantage to witness the pyrotechnics. 
 
 On Saturday, October 2, at nine o'clock in the morning, the Depart- 
 Upper Hudson Committee in charge of the Half Moon and py^^^ 
 Clermont, accompanied by the flotilla of warships and revenue 
 cutters, as well as the merchant marine, passed south to a point 
 opposite Washington's Headquarters, and turning proceeded 
 north toward Poughkeepsie, saluted by booming cannon and 
 the dipping of the national colors at Washington's Headquarters 
 and along the shores. As the fleet sailed away from Newburgh, 
 it left a permanent recollection of one of the most memorable 
 and charming events that had occurred in Newburgh since 
 Washington's army triumphantly marched out and disbanded 
 when the Nation's independence was achieved. 
 
CHAPTER LIII 
 
 POUGHKEEPSIE CEREMONIES 
 
 THE organization of the movement for the Upper Hudson 
 Celebration was completed at a meeting of the Mayors 
 and other leading citizens held in the Nelson House, in 
 Poughkeepsie, December 12, 1908, at which a plan of work for the 
 Upper Hudson in harmony with the plans for New York City 
 and the Lower Hudson was outlined. Immediately thereafter, 
 the practical preparations for the Celebration in Poughkeepsie 
 were begun under the leadership of he Hon. John K. Sague, 
 Mayor of the City, who had been elected a Commissioner by the 
 Legislature, and Messrs. Peter H. Troy, William A. Adriance, 
 Charles F. Cossum, George V. L. Spratt, and Robert J. Hard- 
 ing, who had been appointed by Governor Hughes. These 
 
 Commit- gentlemen became the local Executive Committee, with Mr. 
 
 tees Troy as Chairman. The Executive Committee then enlisted 
 
 the cooperation of a large number of public-spirited citizens 
 and appointed the following chairmen of sixteen sub-com- 
 mittees : 
 
 Reception Committee, Hon. John K. Sague. 
 Parade Committee, Mr. J. W. Hinkley, Jr. 
 Old Home Week Committee, Mr. Howard Piatt. 
 Banquet Committee, Mr. Allison Butts. 
 Religious Exercises, Rev. Edward S. Ralston. 
 Public Health and Safety, Dr. John C. Otis. 
 Historical Committee, Mr. Frank Van Kleeck. 
 Educational Committee, Prof. W. A. Smith. 
 Municipal Entertainment and Reception, Mr. John C. Welch. 
 Fireworks Committee, Mr. William H. Frank. 
 Illumination Committee, Mr. Edward E. Perkins. 
 Publicity Committee, Mr. Frank B. Howard. 
 Information Committee, Mr. H. T. Hoag. 
 Transportation Committee, Mr. William T. Ward. 
 Permanent Memorial Committee, Mr. Frederick Barnard. 
 940 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 941 
 
 Music Committee, Mr. E. W. Valentine. 
 Beacon Fire Committee, Mr. A. H. Vail. 
 Ways and Means Committee, Mr. George H. Sherman. 
 
 The Executive Committee met with the Chairmen of thePrepara- 
 difFerent Committees during each month to receive reports of ^°^^°° 
 progress and suggestions for the Celebration and for six weeks 
 immediately prior to the Celebration meetings were held each 
 Tuesday afternoon. 
 
 With the opening of the Celebration, the city put on holiday 
 dress and became a gala scene of fluttering flags and bunting 
 by day and scintillating lights at night. In addition to the 
 general decorations of public and private buildings, the Decora- 
 tions Committee converted Market street into a magnificent 
 Court of Honor by the use of the decorations used in Washing- 
 ton at the inauguration of President Taft. 
 
 Before the Celebration opened, the Publicity Committee 
 sent out 10,000 copies of booklets containing Poughkeepsie's 
 invitation to her former citizens to return for the week's fes- 
 tivities, and secured special rates upon the railroads, besides 
 furnishing a great amount of material to the press throughout 
 the country. 
 
 The Old Home Week Committee established home quarters 
 for registration at the City Hall and there assigned rooms to 
 visitors returning to Poughkeepsie. 
 
 The Entertainment Committee reserved rooms for the official 
 guests and arranged a special program at the Opera House for 
 the visiting naval officers and sailors. They also made other 
 preparations for the entertainment of the great crowds present. 
 
 The Public Health and Safety Committee made provision 
 for the necessities of any who might be injured in the great 
 crush; ambulances being stationed at difi^erent points along 
 the line of march, and provisions made for trained nurses and 
 physicians to be within call at any time. Public conveniences 
 were provided in diflPerent parts of the city. 
 
of Fleet 
 
 942 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 The Information Committee established booths in diflFerent 
 parts of the city at which all questions relating to time of trains, 
 cost of transportation and location of streets, and anything 
 relating to the program of events were answered. 
 Arrival fhe first official ceremony at Poughkeepsie was the reception 
 of the Half Moon and Clermont on Saturday, October 2- 
 These vessels and their naval escort, under command of 
 Captain William J. McKay, Chairman of the Upper Hudson 
 Naval Committee, left Newburgh Bay between 8 and 9 a. m. 
 While they were making their way northward, the magnificent 
 steam yacht Nourmahal, generously placed at the disposal of 
 the Poughkeepsie Executive Committee by Col. John Jacob 
 Astor, left Poughkeepsie to meet them, bearing the whole 
 Poughkeepsie Committee. When they arrived in sight of each 
 other, the Nourmahal saluted and sent out cutters bearing 
 official representatives of Poughkeepsie to the Half Moon and 
 Clermont. In the boat which went to the latter were also Miss 
 Katharine North Sague and Miss Almira Livingston Troy, 
 quaintly costumed in gowns of a century ago. An earlier 
 start had been made from Newburgh than was announced in 
 the official program, and the fleet came to anchor at Pough- 
 keepsie fully an hour before the expected time, but the blowing 
 of whistles, the ringing of bells and the resounding guns of the 
 war vessels called the expectant crowds to the water front, and 
 every vantage place was quickly filled. 
 
 When the Half Moon and the Clermont took their assigned 
 positions, " Henry Hudson " and " Robert Fulton " were received 
 on board the Nourmahal. Returning to their own boats, 
 "Henry Hudson" was joined by his mate, "Robert Juet," 
 and "Robert Fulton" by his fiancee, "Harriet Livingston." 
 A little later they were landed at the official float with the other 
 guests of the Commission, including Mr. Robert Fulton Lud- 
 low and wife, Capt. Ulster Davis and wife, and were carried in 
 waiting automobiles to the Nelson House, where rooms had 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 943 
 
 been reserved for them by the Reception Committee. The 
 officers of the various fleets were entertained by President 
 Taylor at Vassar College. 
 
 On Saturday evening, October 2, there v^as a brilliant dis- Fire- 
 play of pyrotechnics at the river front by the Schenectady 
 Fireworks Company under the direction of the Fireworks 
 Committee. The exhibition included set pieces and a dazzling 
 variety of aerial bombs. 
 
 Sunday, October 3, dawned with a clear blue sky. Neither 
 the Half Moon nor the Clermont was open for visitors during 
 the day, but the Chairman of the Executive Committee, Mr. 
 Peter H. Troy, called with Mr. Charles F. Cossum to assure 
 the crews of the boats that every necessity would be provided. 
 It was found later that with these gentlemen the word "neces- 
 sity" included luxuries, for supplies of fruits and fresh vege- 
 tables as well as desserts were left at the boats during their 
 stay here. 
 
 On Sunday the clergymen of the city responded universally Sunday 
 to the request of the Religious Exercises Committee to observe ^^'"^^^ 
 the anniversaries, and the church services all turned on the 
 events being commemorated. In the morning " Robert Fulton," 
 Capt. Ulster Davis and Quartermaster Davis of the Clermont 
 spoke by invitation at the Presbyterian Church. The officers 
 and crews of the various other craft attended different services 
 at will, special invitations having been sent to them by the 
 different churches in the city. The crew of the Half Moon were 
 entertained by the Holland Society. 
 
 In the afternoon a monster open air service was held on College 
 College Hill, at which the Consolidated Glee Club, numbering ^^^"^"'- 
 500 voices, sang. There were several speakers. The key- 
 note of the service was sounded by the Very Rev. Dean Daley 
 of St. Mary's Church, who said among other things: 
 
 "We ought to be, and we are, humbly grateful for the great inherit- 
 ance which has come to us through the wisdom and the labor of 
 
944 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 College those who have gone before us in building up and preserving with 
 1 erv- Qoj'g i^gip jj^jg wonderful and prosperous nation. This is the chief 
 reason why we are here; also to take a firm and efficacious resolution 
 that this vast inheritance shall not suffer diminution or decay in our 
 hands. . . . Without a particular knowledge of God, mani- 
 fested in reverence for the moral law, neither this nor any other 
 commonwealth can last long. We may have differences of opinion 
 as to the essential or the best means of keeping this knowledge and 
 this reverence for the moral law alive among the people, but as to the 
 absolute necessity for so doing there can be no doubt. ... I am 
 glad, my fellow townsmen, to see so many of you here to-day. We are 
 united by a mighty bond — the recognition of a common Father. 
 We are united by the conviction that this omnipotent and loving Father 
 will be with us in every effort to keep the public life of our nation on a 
 high level, and as I look at the future of this city I seem to see a happy 
 and united people contributing no small share of the virtue and civic 
 pride that are destined to make this great Republic of the west a 
 realization of what Plato was dreaming when he wrote 'The Ideal.' 
 And if any of those who belong to the class which we call the outcast 
 and the fallen has, in obedience to some vague impulse, found his 
 way to this hill to-day, let me say to him that the memory of happier 
 days, even if it live only as a gleam of innocence long lost, is also a 
 throb of a higher life not yet extinct forever. 'If the Lord touch him, 
 he shall live.'" 
 
 Rev.j.M. President Taylor of Vassar College followed in much the 
 ay or at ^^^^^ strain, and among other things said: 
 
 "It is the province of religion to widen the vision of men, to see the 
 passing facts in relation to abiding principles and to truths that are 
 good not for one time only but for all times. The greatest of Dutch 
 philosophers, born soon after the discovery of the Hudson, used to 
 talk of seeing things 'under the aspect of eternity.' In that spirit 
 we would look back on the early days of our colony. 
 
 "The first settlements of the Dutch were not in the least religious. 
 Nothing would have seemed less appropriate to their spirit than such a 
 Celebration as this. They were here for trade, for barter and bullion, 
 for peltries and pelf. They built neither church nor school for years, 
 and when the Dutch Governor at last erected his stone church it was 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 945 
 
 rather an answer to the need felt in every new community for the Rev.J.l 
 supply of an element of law and order which the church represents ^^J' ' 
 than the response to a deeply felt religious want. But the church gjjj 
 came and the churches came, every sort of faith, every kind of people. 
 There was very little religious liberty in that day in Spain, in France, 
 in England, in Boston, in Geneva — not much, indeed, anywhere 
 outside of Holland and Rhode Island and Catholic Maryland and 
 Quaker Pennsylvania, and Delaware. New York was far behind 
 then and had some severe persecutions and banishments, but the 
 new principle growing everywhere was active here in the most cosmo- 
 politan gathering of peoples on the continent. Remember the sig- 
 nificance of that fact — the Dutch and English, French and Irish, 
 Scotch and German and Swede, all were there from an early date and 
 gave to New York the largeness and liberality which have marked 
 it from the beginning. It was sure to come, and to come here in our 
 own commonwealth, this great distinguishing principle of America, 
 its best contribution to human welfare, the enforcement of the principle 
 of religious liberty, hailed now by men of all creeds as the most benefi- 
 cent principle for religion, and the safest for the State, and the most 
 blessed for individual faith. 
 
 "For another thing we must give thanks to-day for that which also 
 grows in part out of the seed of that cosmopolitanism. New York 
 has always shown a breadth of political independence that in the long 
 run has far surpassed that of other colonies and states. When Spain 
 was driving out its Moors and writing its own doom, and Louis XIV 
 was persecuting a part of his people and a million of the best of them 
 left France in twenty years, New York was developing its cosmopolitan 
 population and they were training and shaping one another into 
 independence in state as well as church. We may well be proud of 
 that fact to-day, that New York is the most uncertain of states in an 
 election and cannot be depended upon to register the decree of a caucus 
 or a boss. There is no possible future for a democracy, no real rule 
 of the people, where that is not true, where men do not carry their 
 sovereignty under their hats and make their votes a registry of a 
 free conscience trained to make politics a part of the service of 
 God. 
 
 "Note now two or three striking concurrences of events which we 
 may call special providences. In the very year in which Henry 
 60 
 
94^ The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev.J.M. Hudson discovered our river for the Dutch, the great Frenchman 
 
 ay or at Champlain was seeking the south sea down through the lake which 
 College . 
 
 jjjjj bears his name, and the two explorers must have been within twenty 
 
 leagues of one another How different a development, had the Frencli 
 policy, so masterly and far-seeing but so different in method and pur- 
 pose, succeeded in appropriating this land! 
 
 "Or think of the different result had the Dutch held on to the por- 
 tions so essential to the union of the colonies and the future confedera- 
 tion of the states, with its relation to Pennslyvania on the one side 
 and New England on the other, and to the great west through its 
 river and lakes. Perhaps the fact of Champlain's attack on the 
 powerful Iroquois was the turning point in all that history. So 
 small are the seeds of the great future! 
 
 "Probably French explorers and traders were on the river with a 
 fort at Albany long before Hudson came. We are quite sure, at 
 least, that Verrazzano sailed into New York harbor in 1524, but the 
 world was not ready for the river. By 1609 Spain had been compelled 
 to acknowledge the final independence of the Dutch Netherlands after 
 the most terrible and inhuman conflict in civilized and Christian 
 history, and Holland, one of the most advanced of the peoples, was a 
 power on sea and shore, ready to start on a great career the rediscov- 
 ered river and Manhattan Island at its mouth. The discovery was 
 timed to the world's need, as also was Fulton's boat — no new 
 invention, but adapted to the need of the day, and by him made 
 effective for its use. 
 
 "Observe once more that as elsewhere, so here, real progress 
 waited for the liberty of the people. There was no growth till in 1633 
 when the West India Company threw open the settlement to all 
 comers and limited its monopoly. There was no permanent pros- 
 perity till the Dutch Governors, who represented the company and had 
 no conception of popular rights, were supplanted, and until their 
 English successors were compelled to grant representative government 
 to the people. 
 
 "But it was not political liberty alone that was essential. No 
 people, whatever its political rights, can rise above the level of its 
 conscience, and the bad condition of the early colony needed, as every 
 nation needs, the constant inspiration of the school and church to 
 lift it to the level which at once sustains law and gives it wider outlook. 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 947 
 
 One of the most dangerous of our popular fallacies in America is the 
 general trust in legislation, which goes hand in hand with our dis- 
 trust of legislatures. Never does the life of the people, and never the 
 effective law of the people, rise above the levels of its moral and 
 spiritual life. The early history of New York is but another histori- 
 cal enforcement of the eternal truth that that nation alone is blessed 
 whose God is the Lord, and that there is no abiding good in liberty 
 unless it is the liberty of law, the freedom of the children of God." 
 
 Rear Admiral Higginson, U. S. N., in speaking of this Other 
 service afterward, said it was the most magnificent gathering P^ 
 and helpful service in all his experience. 
 
 Commander Key of the cruiser Birmingham, commanding 
 the fleet, extended through President Taylor an invita- 
 tion to the Vassar students to visit the different ships. A 
 thousand Vassar girls improved the opportunity and there 
 was no more beautiful scene anywhere along the river than 
 that presented by the barges and launches winding in and 
 out among the various vessels carrying the girls as emblems 
 of peace to the representatives of war. 
 
 On Sunday evening services were held in the various churches. Christ 
 
 That at Christ Church was especially notable in that there ^''"^'^'' 
 . . Services 
 
 the music had been especially written for the occasion, and the 
 
 rector, Rev. Dr. Alexander G. Cummins, preached a special 
 sermon in commemoration of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration. 
 Before the services Dr. Cummins had entertained the com- 
 manding officers of the fleet and other distinguished guests at 
 dinner in the rectory. Included in this company were Admiral 
 Francis J. Higginson, Commander S. L. Key, Commander 
 Kline, Lieutenant-Commander Freeman, Capt. Howard, 
 Capt. Lam of the Half Moon, Rev. Charles Seymour Bullock 
 and Capt. Ulster Davis of the Clermont, Mayor John K. 
 Sague, Mr. Peter H. Troy, chairman of the Executive Com- 
 mittee, Dr. J. C. Otis, Capt. James W. Hinkley, Jr., Mr. 
 W. Johnston McKay, Chairman of the Upper River Naval 
 
94^ The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Committee, County Judge Frank Hasbrouck, Rev. Frederick 
 
 S. Arnold and Mr. Charles G. Douw. 
 
 Land Monday, October 4, was the great day of the Celebration. 
 
 Parade , , ^ . ,,,T l-. 
 
 In the mornmg at 10 o clock, the submarme boats gave an 
 
 exhibition of diving off Kaal Rock. Later came the great 
 parade in which the crews of the Half Moon and the Clermont 
 took part, and the men from the various war vessels were in 
 line. The Parade Committee had gone to great trouble in 
 making preparations for the historical floats which were 
 expected from New York and had cleared the line of march 
 of overhanging wires and long branches of trees so that they 
 would not interfere with the floats. Unforeseen obstacles, 
 however, prevented the New York representatives from ful- 
 filling all the expectations that had been raised in regard to 
 the floats, but this incident was quite submerged in the brilliant 
 success of the local celebration as a whole. The Grand Mar- 
 shal of the parade was Col. Henry E. Murray. The procession 
 was about two hours in passing the reviewing stand which was 
 located in Mansion Square Park. 
 Eastman After the parade and review, the procession marched to 
 ^^^ Eastman Park where Impressive exercises were held. The 
 400 musicians of the various bands and all the flags were 
 massed at the Soldiers' Fountain under the direction of Prof. 
 E. W. Valentine, and the marching bodies formed in two lines 
 in the amphitheatre, to await the arrival of Governor Hughes 
 and party. The flag picture of "The Spirit of '76" was one 
 of the conspicuous features of the scene. 
 
 The Governor's party arrived on the New York Central 
 Railroad shortly after four o'clock and was met at the railroad 
 station by Mayor Sague and the leading members of the Cele- 
 bration Committee. The distinguished guests were taken in 
 automobiles to Eastman Park where they were received with 
 unbounded enthusiasm, the united bands playing successively 
 "Hail to the Chief," "The Stars and Stripes Forever" and 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 949 
 
 " Hail Columbia." During the playing of the latter all the Eastman 
 colors were dipped. 
 
 After Mayor Sague had welcomed the Governor in behalf 
 of the people of Poughkeepsie and Dutchess County, two 
 tableaux, representing "The Spirit of '76" and "The Spirit 
 of '09," passed between the uniformed lines before the stand. 
 "The Spirit of '76," typified by the boy, man and veteran, 
 clad in Continental uniform, with the fife and drums and the 
 tattered flag, was typical of the spirit of war. Behind it came 
 "The Spirit of '09," typical of peace. Little Miss Holder, 
 carrying an American flag, led this tableau. The "old man" 
 was impersonated by Mr. U. L. Ferguson, who carried the 
 shot-riven battle flag of the I28tli Regiment. Mr. Karl 
 Kemohan, as the "young man," carried the American peace 
 flag, Old Glory, with a band of white about it. Donald 
 Hickok, as the "little boy," carried another American flag. 
 Behind these tableaux marched representatives of several 
 nations and occupations. Foster Doty represented Holland; 
 Harold Dean, France; Homer Bartlett, Ireland; R. E. Con- 
 nell, Jr., a capitahst; Joseph McCabe, a workman; and 
 Marshall Casher, a farmer. There was a storm of applause 
 from the thousands grouped about the Governor's stand as 
 the tableaux moved forward and saluted. 
 
 After the national airs. Governor Hughes delivered one of 
 his most forcible addresses during the whole Celebration. 
 The address was a tribute to the Spirit of 1776 and 1861, 
 and to the eflforts of the people of all lands who have found 
 success and freedom in the Hudson Valley. Referring espe- 
 cially to the incarnation of the Spirit of 1909 he said: 
 
 "Fellow citizens, it has been my privilege to see many beautiful 
 scenes during the past few days, but it is no disparagement to the 
 others to say that this is the most beautiful picture we have looked 
 upon in connection with this Celebration." 
 
950 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 In an after-dinner speech delivered later during the winter 
 in New York City, before the Dutchess County Society, 
 Governor Hughes made another reference to the memorable 
 scene in Eastman Park during the Hudson-Fulton Celebration, 
 saying: 
 
 "It is not a disparagement to any other place along the beautiful 
 Hudson River, that I say here what I have said before, that the recent 
 Hudson-Fulton Celebration reached its climax in beauty and complete- 
 ness at Poughkeepsie. I saw the beautiful representation of the 
 Spirit of 1909, as it was incarnated in the group which led the pro- 
 cession as it advanced through the throngs of spectators across the 
 greensward to the reviewing stand. There were gathered, in effective 
 symbolism, the immigrant, the student, the working man, and the 
 veteran of the Civil War — maimed in the conflict and carrying the 
 tattered emblem of the Union — while leading the group and the pro- 
 cession was a little girl — a loving, tender representative of all that 
 is best in civilization and for whose happiness our best achievements 
 are made — bearing the flag. I saw the patriotic and public spirit 
 with which Poughkeepsie seemed filled and with which its people 
 were truly imbued." 
 
 Official On Monday evening, a banquet was held at the Nelson 
 House at which Mayor Sague presided and Governor Hughes 
 and others spoke. Mayor Sague opened the after-dinner 
 exercises in these words: 
 
 CHAIRMAN SAGUE: "Fellow Citizens and Guests: I heard of 
 an interesting conversation the other day carried on between a citizen 
 and a son of the isle of wit and shamrock. It seemed that the Irish- 
 man had had his left arm paralyzed, and when he went to his physician, 
 he said, 'Sure, Doctor, I don't know but my left arm is all gone, but 
 I think my right arm is more powerful than it ever was before.' The 
 doctor said, 'You're right about that; it is the compensation that 
 nature makes, when one member has become injured. For instance, 
 if you lose the sight of one eye, the other eye becomes more keen. 
 When one ear becomes deafened, the other becomes better.' The 
 Irishman said, 'Sure, I think you are right about that. I have noticed 
 that when a man has a short leg, the other leg is most generally longer.' 
 
 Banquet 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 95 1 
 
 "There are compensations for almost everything, if we only have Official 
 the sense to find them. Dr. Taylor assures me that there is compen- 
 sation even in presiding over an institution of feminine minds. Here 
 are compensations to us and to all like us who have labored in the 
 interest and in the development of this Hudson-Fulton Celebration. 
 We have been a little bit short, perhaps, on one leg, but we tried to 
 lengthen out the other to compensate for it. We have a small town 
 here in Poughkeepsie, but we want to say to all you gentlemen who 
 are here as guests of this municipality, that we have a great big wel- 
 come for you all in our hearts. 
 
 "Now you know that we are all amateurs on our job. We have 
 not had a tremendous amount of practice. The Governor is the 
 only man who has an easy job in this Celebration. He assures me 
 that he has not made over twenty speeches in any one consecutive 
 day. But we fellows, without any practice at all, have to get together 
 all the various details of the Celebration and push it off to a more or 
 less triumphant or inglorious conclusion. 
 
 "But there is one good thing about this Celebration. I think it is 
 worth while, in that it teaches us, as American citizens, to value a 
 great deal more highly and have a great deal more enthusiasm for 
 our institutions. I think it teaches us to have a great deal more 
 thought of our manhood and citizenship and a little less of partisan- 
 ship. We represent all phases of political belief here to-night, but as 
 men and citizens we welcome here the Governor of New York because 
 we know and because we realize as men and citizens who value the 
 fair name and honor of the great State of New York, that the fair 
 name and the honor of this State are safe in the hands of him who 
 holds the Governor's chair in this State. Now, gentlemen, on your 
 feet to the Governor." 
 
 The members of the audience rose amidst great applause. 
 When they had again seated themselves the Governor spoke 
 as follows: 
 
 GOVERNOR HUGHES: "Mayor Sague, Fellow Citizens: I am Governor 
 still in the ring. If I should pass away in the midst of these festivities, "^ ^^ 
 I should desire to have inscribed upon my tombstone the simple gj 
 epitaph, 'Sacred to the memory of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration.' 
 On the next occasion of general rejoicing, I expect to see the survivors 
 of this Celebration in a justly honored place. 
 
952 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor "It is very interesting to note the zeal and enthusiasm of the 
 ug es (different communities who claim a right to join in this Celebration 
 quet because they have prospered by reason of their relation to this 
 
 noble river, the anniversary of whose discovery and exploration 
 we are celebrating. It has been said of many men that they 
 could not set the Hudson River on fire. At last the Hudson River 
 has been set on fire. It has been set on fire by the armies representing 
 the power and the strength of many nations, bearing messages of 
 peace, and illuminating their graceful lines with a light which indicates 
 international amity and good will toward our favored land, the United 
 States. 
 
 "Every community is now searching its early records and studying 
 its history that it may know more surely of what it may be proud; 
 and there is no community along this river but has reason for grati- 
 fication at the part its sons have played from time to time in the develop- 
 ment of this commonwealth and of the nation to which the prosperity 
 of this commonwealth has so close a relation. 
 
 "The voyage of Henry Hudson was not followed immediately by 
 the settlement of Dutchess County. That shows that the Nether- 
 landers, who represented at that time the advance guard of trade and 
 commerce throughout the world, were unable to occupy at one time 
 all the favored spots in this fair land; and this part of the valley 
 waited for the later time when, with discrimination and full com- 
 parison of the rival advantages of many sites, your ancestors finally 
 settled here. They undoubtedly thought that they had selected 
 an excellent site. If they could have seen what I have seen in the 
 park this afternoon, and the tasteful and brilliant illumination of 
 your streets this evening, I know they would have considered them- 
 selves worthily represented in their descendants. Your parade in 
 the park this afternoon was not simply a display — it represented 
 an idea. You had there incarnated the spirit of the times; and 
 the man who had that vision and who provided for the repre- 
 sentation of that idea in a happy collection of the working man and 
 the emigrant, and the student, and the veteran of the war of 1861, 
 led by the beautiful little girl carrying the American flag, was a man 
 of genius; and Poughkeepsie, in the annals of this generation, will 
 forever shine because of the rare beauty and charm of that spectacle. 
 
 "Now, as I go from place to place, I do not find it difficult to 
 
see, 
 lem 
 
 Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 953 
 
 find subjects for sincere commendation, because we are all alert Governor 
 and energetic in this good State; and when the people of these different ° ^_ 
 communities set themselves worthily to honor any event, they are sure ^^^^ 
 to produce gratifying results. 
 
 "In the last few weeks I have been in nearly every part of this 
 State. I wish I could take every citizen of the State with me on my 
 travels throughout this commonwealth, and have them see, as I 
 the people of this State, in their varied associations; and have the 
 know, as I know, the people who constitute the citizenry of this State; 
 and although in moments of pride they may have sung the praises of 
 the great Empire State, I am sure they would feel they had not done 
 justice to the wholesomeness, and the soundness, and the good 
 humor, and the enthusiasm, and the alertness, and the absolute 
 honesty of the great majority of the people whom it is my delight and 
 constant desire to serve to the best of my ability. 
 
 "As we go back to the early days and think of the past of this 
 valley, we, of course, naturally turn to the Revolutionary period; for 
 while the discovery, if it had stopped with the mere revelation to man- 
 kind of the beauty of this stream, would have been worth all Hudson 
 dared, still, the discovery is notable to us because it led to the estab- 
 lishment here of the colony which finally became a State and a part 
 of a nation dedicated to the ideals of freedom. This river was of 
 such strategic importance and played so great a part in the Revolu- 
 tionary war that almost every foot of its banks is consecrated soil for 
 patriotic Americans. It is true that you in Dutchess county did 
 not have the scene of strife and of actual conflict; but you, perhaps 
 of all the counties in the State, are entitled to greatest credit, for you 
 made possible the success of the army in the field by your sup- 
 plies of recruits, and by the generous provision that you made for 
 their sustenance. Th?s was one of the places that was relied upon 
 for the maintenance of the army, both in point of men and in point 
 of provisions, and no call was ever made upon this county in vain. 
 
 "It stands high among the then counties of the State for the number 
 and ability of the men it furnished to aid in that struggle. I was very 
 much interested the other day in looking through the history of this 
 place to note how much you paid in taxes in the early days. This 
 was a great resource of the State for money and men, and stood, I 
 believe, above all the other counties then within reach of the levying 
 
954 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor hand of government in the amount that was paid for the support 
 Hughes ^^^ maintenance of government. And there came a time later, 
 ouet when this was the scene of the legislative and executive activities of 
 
 the new born commonwealth. For a time this was the capital of 
 the State. Here Governor Clinton spent a large portion of his 
 time. Here the Legislature met. Here was debated the great 
 question whether or not the proposed Constitution of the United States 
 should be ratified. It was a crucial moment. You know the attitude 
 that New York took upon that question. You know that great 
 leaders of political opinion, many forceful leaders of political opinion 
 at that time in this State, were opposed to the views of Hamilton, 
 and were opposed to the ratification of the Constitution. Here the 
 Convention met, and the great question was up, whether or not 
 New York should give in its accession. 
 
 "We do not know what would have happened if the news 
 had not arrived that the Constitution had been ratified by a 
 sufficient number of States. We know the pugnacity, the persistence, 
 and, we might say, the prejudices of that great man who was the 
 first Governor of this State — Governor George Clinton. And here 
 the fathers wrestled with this new problem of government; and this, 
 forever, must be to the New Yorker a site of the most intense interest 
 because here were gathered the leading men of the day to pass upon 
 the most important problems connected with the beginnings of our 
 institutions. Those who were in opposition were very much afraid 
 of the centralization that was proposed under the new Constitution. 
 They were tremendously insistent, not simply upon the rights of the 
 State as they supposed them to be, but upon the rights of the people 
 of the State as they believed them to be. They were sincere, deter- 
 mined and vigorous in their opposition. We see now that many of 
 their fears were groundless. We see now that much that they looked 
 forward to with great solicitude furnished no just ground for anxiety; 
 but we may well remember to-day, as we are here in this genial 
 presence, representing all shades of political opinions of all parties, 
 that the success of democracy lies in the conflict of honest opinions, 
 in free discussion of every public question, and in taking the will of 
 the majority as it may be registered after full and free deliberation 
 and discussion. So, the leaders of that day fought it out. And 
 we are rejoicing to-day in the splendid result of the new experiment. 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 955 
 
 My good friend, the Mayor of Poughkeepsie, has said that you Governor 
 represent all political beliefs. I suppose he might have added 'all "^ ** 
 political unbeliefs,' for political unbeliefs are quite as hard to deal ^^^^ 
 with as political convictions. In fact, they are somewhat harder. 
 But in our loyalty to the Constitution we are one, happy in the suc- 
 cess of this new essay in government. 
 
 "We are celebrating to-day not simply the Hudson River; not 
 simply its discovery, and the invention of Fulton. We are really 
 celebrating all that has gone into the development of this State as 
 a part of a nation. We are celebrating a long line of heroes — 
 heroes in war, heroes in peace, heroes in science, and heroes in every 
 line of endeavor — the beneficence of whose activity we find in our 
 present security and prosperity. 
 
 "Most gratifying is it that we have here the representatives of 
 many nations of the earth. I have frequently remarked upon the 
 extraordinary spectacle that was seen in the City of New York the 
 other day when armed forces of other nations walked on the streets 
 of that city — armed forces, representing the power of other nations, 
 who came, not simply to anchor in our bay, but to land upon our 
 shores; and I have asked the question, whether it would be possible 
 to have those same armed forces gather on the shores of any other 
 country under Heaven. Why is it ? It is because the prosperity 
 of the nation is a benediction to all mankind. We seek no conquest. 
 We are opposed to none. We cultivate no antagonism. We are 
 desirous simply to work out our destiny as a free people, with friend- 
 ship and good will to all the peoples ot the earth; desirous that 
 the sons of all nations, representing the strength and intelligence and 
 virility of all nations, should demonstrate to all mankind their capacity 
 to enjoy and fairly use freedom of opportunity and equality of 
 rights. 
 
 "Dutchess is famous for so many things that you cannot begin to 
 enumerate them. It has produced men of light and leading in the 
 commonwealth. One of the great men who came here to study for 
 his profession was the lawyer Kent, the instructor of all the 
 lawyers of the United States. As a lawyer, I like to think of the time 
 when it was possible for one young man, without excessive industry, 
 to read all the reports of all the decisions of the common law then 
 extant. That was possible in the days of Kent. It was entirely 
 
956 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 quet 
 
 Governor feasible to bring together all the learning of the English courts, and 
 Hughes jQ present to the student, in a well-written commentary, the results 
 of their application of the principles of the laws to the various exigen- 
 cies that had arisen. Now, the lawyer is overwhelmed with the 
 reports of the many courts of this State and of other communi- 
 ties. No man has brains enough to attempt to compass all that 
 has been said and done in the course of the decision of litigated 
 controversies. 
 
 "I simply want to leave this thought with you: We must all be 
 discoverers. We must discover, each one for himself. America and 
 the American people. You cannot get it out of books. You can- 
 not get it from instruction. You must see with a penetrating eye 
 the American life; you must be wiling to accept what your vision 
 reports, and you must have the patience to prosecute the investigation 
 until you secure correct results. I would not have missed during the 
 past week seeing the representatives in their different organizations of 
 the races who make up our metropolitan city. The other day in the 
 historical parade, we saw New York — not the New York of one section 
 of the town or of one line of activity, but composite New York, made 
 up of the host of men of different antecedents and of different tradi- 
 tions, and of different ideas and training, all brought together in the 
 common liberty and the opportunity they enjoy in this country and 
 in common commemoration of the event by which that opportunity 
 was made possible. 
 
 "There are some who take a pessimistic view of conditions in this 
 country. They are apt to say that we are a nation of money grabbers 
 — that we are concerned entirely with material success. Those 
 men have not yet discovered America. To them the true America 
 is unknown. There are men who look askance upon the movements 
 of public sentiment; who call the people a mob; who think reason and 
 conscience have small place in the settlement of public questions; who 
 seem to think that chicanery and dishonest manipulation suffice instead 
 of honest work. Those men have not yet discovered America. The 
 true America is full of men who are well informed, studious and 
 anxious to ascertain the truth and abide by it; anxious to see justice 
 done and to have the rule of fairness supreme. They are filling our 
 land from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They are anxious to assert 
 their individuality and to achieve in every noble effort. They are 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 957 
 
 anxious to make the wheels of industry hum, to build transportation Governor 
 lines to develop facilities of intercourse, and they desire to carry in j. 1 
 every line of effort the name 'American' to the highest point of^ygj 
 international achievement. 
 
 "Now, in this Celebration let us all endeavor, each one for him- 
 self, to discover his country. Let each one of us try to know the 
 ideals of his brother man and the sentiments which really move the 
 masses of the American people. Let each one of us be an explorer; 
 each one of us a seeker after truth according to the true, scientific 
 method. 
 
 "What is that method ? It is the method which throws out prej 
 udice; it throws out every kind of passion; it simply seeks to ascer- 
 tain what is; and in the light of what is, what ought to be. That, 
 I believe, characterizes the American people. If it were otherwise, 
 our technical schools would not be so full of men who wish to find a 
 place in the world where they can do something worth while, by virtue 
 of careful training, and it would be impossible to find so conspicuous 
 the attention that is being paid to every means of improvement. 
 
 "I like to reconstruct the lives of men who have lived in times 
 of great stress. You cannot do it by reading an occasional descrip- 
 tion of them. You cannot do it by reading an estimate of the man. 
 You can do it only by reading their own words, their own letters; 
 what they said and what they did, so that you get back to their 
 point of view and see the difficulties with which they were surrounded 
 and how they accomplished that at which the world has marvelled. 
 May we in this favored time so relate ourselves to men and events 
 that instead of being jaundiced and pessimistic, we may enter fuU- 
 heartedly into life with a true appraisement of all that is noble and 
 true in our fellow men, and make possible still greater progress in this 
 land of wonderful opportunity." 
 
 MAYOR SAGUE: "Gentlemen, I have found still another com- Mayor 
 pensation. Poughkeepsie has been true to its early traditions. The Sague 
 Governor tells us that this community paid large taxes in the early 
 times. We have been doing it ever since. 
 
 "The next topic is 'From the Half Moon to the Hendrick Hudson.' 
 Now, that is a long cry. I don't know any way that the speaker can 
 cover that topic except in the manner that Cook discovered the North 
 Pole, that is, in a series of short dashes. There is only one man in 
 
958 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 the world who is competent to speak on that topic and he is here to- 
 night, and that is the President of the Holland Society — Mr. Henry 
 S. Van Duzer." 
 
 Mr.H. S. MR. VAN DUZER: "Mr. Mayor, Governor, Gentlemen of 
 j^ Poughkeepsie, and Fellow Members of the Holland Society: It 
 
 is most courteous and gracious of your committee to give this toast 
 to me as President of the Holland Society, though I do not think it 
 personal; but I feel that you who here represent quite a very large 
 membership in our society, desire to pay to the mother society the 
 honor which you do to-night. And it is quite fitting that the Holland 
 Society should take part in all the celebrations and do honor to the 
 old country in Holland, for among our members some sixteen years 
 ago, the Rev. Dr. Van Dyke Swabeaum, in writing for the news- 
 papers, called the attention of the people along this river to the obliga- 
 tion that he felt was upon them, and the opportunities that would be 
 offered them in sixteen years to properly celebrate this event. And 
 some five years ago the trustees of the Holland Society appointed a 
 committee to properly celebrate this 300th anniversary. That com- 
 mittee called on our worthy Mayor in New York, calling to his atten- 
 tion the fact that it was soon approaching, and the Mayor with his 
 foresight saw that this event required a great deal of celebration, 
 as the City and the State would desire to join in this commem- 
 oration of the discovery of the Hudson. So the Holland Society, 
 as the initiator, joined heartily, and through all its members, not 
 only in New York City, but where they were situated through this 
 State, joined heartily in trying to celebrate this event. 
 
 "The Holland Society and all the descendants of the early settlers 
 in this country are naturally proud of their ancestry. But we find 
 that all have joined in the administration of the land of the Dams 
 and Dycks, for it was with those people that the foundation of the 
 great strength of this Nation and State was planted. It is not alone 
 the great men of a country to which we owe our debt, but is is the 
 institutions that are formed in the country, and it is the Dutch institu- 
 tions of freedom of worship and free schools that developed and were 
 first planted in this country. And, when we look back, it was not 
 only the Dutch energy and Dutch strength and Dutch force to which 
 we are indebted in this nation, but the Dutch hospitality which first 
 received the Pilgrims, or Puritans, from England, and later the resi- 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 959 
 
 dents from Holland. When they came here they were clothed with Mr. H. 
 the Dutch liberality, and it was that spirit that was strong in the j^^^ 
 original settlers in New England, and those that landed on Plymouth 
 Rock, that has been potent in all the great achievement of this 
 nation. 
 
 "And while we owe this debt to Holland, we should not forget the 
 nation or the Fatherland of Henry Hudson; that while it was Dutch 
 energy and Dutch force and Dutch strength that built the boat, it was 
 the Dutch ability that chose the first and great discoverer and explorer 
 at that time, Henry Hudson. And while we admire the strength 
 and energy of the Dutch, there are certain principles that were handed 
 to us from the English, by the Bill of Rights and Magna Charta, 
 and it was the English blood that added so much in the Declaration 
 of Independence. So in this boat, the Dutch boat and the English 
 Commander, we have found the principles of all the freedom and 
 greatness in this country. 
 
 "The toast that is given to me, as the worthy Mayor has said, covers 
 a great extent. Last summer, when traveling in the north of France, 
 I visited St. Michel, when they were celebrating the I200th 
 anniversary of that city. There were the same spirit, the same 
 customs, the same house, the same dress, largely, that existed twelve 
 hundred years before. When we contemplate the period from the 
 Half Moon to the Clermont, in our own country, we must be impressed 
 with the advance in the arts and sciences and commerce, but we should 
 realize that the principles and the foundations that were placed in 
 this country three hundred years ago have made this country grow 
 as it has. And, in those three hundred years we have passed from 
 Peter Minuit to Governor Hughes. We have a man of the same 
 energy, and same strength, and the same force. I might say also 
 that among his advisers he has almost the same opposition that our 
 old Governor, Peter Stuyvesant, was up against. And I say, honor 
 to the State of New York. It has chosen for its Governor a man that 
 represents the best of our ancient ancestors." 
 
 At this point Mayor Sague relinquished the chair to the Rev. 
 William Bancroft Hill, of Vassar College, in order that the 
 Mayor might escort Governor Hughes to the banquet being 
 held at the Morgan House. Mr. Hill thereupon introduced 
 
960 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 the Rev. Charles S. Bullock, who represented Robert Fulton 
 on the Clermont and who spoke as follows: 
 
 Rev.C.S. REV. CHARLES S. BULLOCK: "It has fallen pleasantly to my 
 Bullock JQf fo |jg somewhat closely related to the historical side of this Cele- 
 bration. One hundred years ago a strange craft, unlike anything 
 that had ever before sailed upon the water — so strange that its 
 makers might have bowed down and worshipped it without sin, for 
 it was not like anything in the Heavens above, on the earth beneath 
 or in the waters under the earth. It was one hundred and fifty feet 
 long, thirteen feet wide and seven feet deep — a strange paddle- 
 wheeled vehicle that sat on the water. Up to that time there was 
 not operative anywhere in the world, any mode of conveyance faster 
 than the running horse. 
 
 "My father was an Irishman,* who came from Kilkenny. He 
 married a woman named Smith, whose mother and grandmother 
 farther back came from the Garden of Eden. Outside of that we 
 know very little of her family relations. I was not the first one to 
 discover the possibility of applying steam to navigation. No great 
 invention ever sprang Minerva-like, full-fledged, from the brow of 
 genius. Great inventions are rather elemental ideas that have been 
 used in the furnace of inspiration and hammered into shape on the 
 anvil of intense thought. Had John Fitch who in 1785 put his boat 
 on the Delaware River, placed it on the rock-ribbed Hudson, you might 
 have gathered here to-night to celebrate an 'H. & F.' historical 
 event, but it would have been Hudson and Fitch rather than Hudson 
 and Fulton. Fitch sailed for two consecutive summers, carrying 
 freight and passengers under an advertised schedule and at a regular 
 rate of fare, earning something for the company in the way of dividends^ 
 which they used in building a larger boat, but this boat unfortunately 
 was wrecked. 
 
 "On the 17th of August, 1807, the Clermont sailed out. (I came 
 pretty near getting it March, because of my Irish genealogy.) It 
 was one o'clock when we steamed out from New York on the way to 
 Albany. The afternoon passed and the day stole off through the 
 glimmering portals of the early stars, and then, as the night deepened 
 upon us, we sailed under the shadows of those mighty giants of the 
 
 ■ Mr. Bullock is here speaking as if he were Fulton. 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 961 
 
 Highlands — those grim giants, over whose stony foreheads hangRev. C. S 
 the grey locks of centuries, as they stand on tip toe to see what might 
 be passing in the majestic waters beneath. Early in the morning 
 we came into the beautiful bay at Newburgh, and soon lay off Pough- 
 keepsie. We stayed here only a little while and journeyed again 
 toward the north, and just before we reached the place, which to me 
 proved to be the place of destiny, it was very happily announced that 
 I was to be given the honor of taking unto myself a wife, in the person 
 of Miss Harriett Livingston, niece of my dearest friend. Chancellor 
 Livingston. I came pretty near doing that same thing while in 
 England, but my friend Joel Barlow persuaded me not to do it. I 
 was to have married a rich widow, but Barlow wrote me a letter and 
 quite persuaded me to come to this country without marrying. And I 
 came over here and was happily married to this American girl. Time 
 has shown me that I made no mistake, for I was quite happy in taking 
 to myself Harriett Livingston whom I found to be the most lovable 
 of all lovable women. 
 
 "After a stop of a night, we steamed out from Clermont to Albany, 
 and came there after thirty-two hours' continuous sailing, having 
 made the first steam voyage on the Hudson River. This was 102 
 years ago last August, and from that day to this we have seen progress 
 in the development of these ideas. We have been working toward 
 an ideal which perhaps we have not realized; but if we have not 
 fully realized our ideal, we have idealized our real, as may be seen 
 in the magnificent vessel that bears the name of my friend on the right, 
 Hendrick Hudson, and that later conception of beauty, to which has 
 been given a name for myself By and by we shall have the airship 
 and then we really shall have the ideal. 
 
 "Dutchess County may well take pride to herself for the part she 
 has had in this development of the steamboat. From the days of 
 the first experiments of Chancellor Livingston, on to the time that we 
 found our first pilot here in Poughkeepsie, and to the day we brought 
 the dear old Lady Richmond and laid her bones on the shores near 
 your native town, Poughkeepsie has been on the map, and from that 
 day to this we have found a hearty welcome here. But no heartier 
 welcome was ever given than that given me to-day when I came back, 
 after an absence of nearly a hundred years." 
 61 
 
962 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Chairman Hill then introduced Lieutenant Lam, Commander 
 of the Half Moon, to speak of the land of William of Orange. 
 
 Lieut. LIEUTENANT WILLIAM LAM: "I am very glad to have the 
 
 William opportunity to say a few v?ords. Coming up the Hudson River, I 
 saw the splendid river, and I was proud to see the replica of the old 
 ship in the proprietorship of the State of New York. I think it was 
 a very good idea for Holland to fit out a ship exactly like the old Half 
 Moon. There are only a few Hollanders here in this country, but 
 along the Hudson River there are many who wished to see the Dutch 
 flag as it was in the old times. We Hollanders like to speak of that 
 old time because at that time we had men of energy, and men of 
 energy who took the flag all over the world — men who are ancestors 
 of many of you. Those people are very grateful that the replica of 
 the Half Moon rests with the State of New York; that this replica 
 might be a reason for a long time to mention the name of Holland 
 with the State of New York." 
 
 The next speaker wras Commander A. L. Key, of the U. S. S. 
 
 Salem, who responded to the toast to the Navy. He said in 
 
 part: 
 Com- COMMANDER KEY: "I had the pleasure the other night of 
 
 mander being at the banquet at the Hotel Astor in New York. There were 
 A. L. Key . j 1 . j l 
 
 some two thousand guests at the banquet, and there were a great 
 
 number of speakers, and the occasion rather dragged on, and a great 
 many naval officers were called on to make speeches. Now, that is 
 not a naval officer's strong point, making speeches, and a good many 
 of them said some interesting things and a good many said things that 
 were not very interesting, and the occasion rather dragged. Finally 
 it got to be the turn of the Captain of the Argentine ship, the Presidente 
 Sarmiento, who was called upon, and I sat at a table near him, and I 
 was rather surprised with the alacrity with which he walked up to 
 the rostrum, apparently rather happy to make a speech. The Toast- 
 master was sitting on the platform. He gave a very profound bow to 
 the Toastmaster, and a very profound bow to the audience, and he 
 gave another profound bow to the Toastmaster, and then stepped 
 down off" the rostrum, and I must say that his eff"ort was more 
 applauded than any other during the evening. They appreciated 
 it more. I feel very much like following his example. 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 963 
 
 "But I will say this, that it must appear to the average taxpayer Corn- 
 nowadays that the principal function of the United States Navy is ™^° ^ 
 to help celebrate. And they must think that it is rather expensive 
 business, for they have to pay out some one hundred millions a year 
 for the navy, to help cement friendly relations in the way in which we 
 are now doing on the Hudson. They must think that that comes 
 rather high. What I want to say to you is that the officers and the 
 men of the navy, although they greatly enjoy joining with you in 
 these celebrations, also realize that we have another function, and that 
 we must be ready to fulfill that function if we are called upon to do so, 
 that is to say, that we must be ready to use the guns that are on these 
 battleships, and to use them properly, if the unfortunate occasion 
 comes when it becomes our duty to do it. 
 
 "These vessels that are now lying off the point, have all recently 
 come from a very strenuous summer's work. It was begun in Prov- 
 incetown Bay, up on the coast of Massachusetts, and wound up on 
 the southern drill grounds off Cape Charles and Cape Henry, out at 
 sea some thirty-five miles. You probably all of you take sufficient 
 interest in the navy to know that of recent years a great deal of our 
 time has been devoted to target practice, and that the navy has tremen- 
 dously improved in its target practice in the past two years. Most 
 of the drilling until recently has been done in smooth water, such as 
 Manila Bay and Magdalena Bay; but last year the authorities of the 
 navy decided to do some training to see what the ships could do in 
 rough water with the ships rolling at sea and with conditions that 
 would exist in actual action in battle; and I am very glad to be able 
 to say to you gentlemen that the results of the work at the southern 
 drill ground, out at sea, with the ships rolling and with the targets 
 moving at a good rate of speed that changed the range of the 
 target — in fact, all of the conditions such as would obtain in 
 actual battle, — they still found that the American bluejacket could 
 hit the target pretty well. 
 
 "Before I sit down, I want to express to the citizens of Poughkeepsie 
 and the officials who have had part in this Celebration, the apprecia- 
 tion of the officers and the men of the navy who are here present, 
 of the very excellent arrangements that have been made for our 
 comfort and the whole manner in which the Celebration here has 
 gone on. They not only had everything go off on time and without 
 
964 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 a hitch, but they have not forgotten the men. And while we officers 
 are here enjoying this banquet, through the thoughtfulness and kind- 
 ness of the Committee and the people interested, we have some four 
 hundred or five hundred men in the theatre. I think Joe Weber is 
 performing for them, and I have no doubt that they are having fully 
 as good a time as we are." 
 
 Capt. Chairman Hill next introduced Capt. J. C. Cantwell of 
 
 Cantwell ^^^ Revenue Cutter Service. After a few humorous remarks 
 Capt. Cantwell said: 
 
 "There are a great many duties which revenue cutters perform 
 which are considered by the shipping fraternity of the United States 
 as important. And when we come to consider that the Revenue 
 Cutter Service is the oldest service in the United States — that is to 
 say, that our continuous service has been from the year 1790 to the 
 present day without a break; that we have been eating government 
 rations continuously for over 120 years, we point with pride to the 
 fact that, although we have not — in deference to our friends of the 
 Army and Navy — eaten quite as much as they, we have been con- 
 tinuously at it, and we have the record of long continued service under 
 the government. 
 
 "It seems that after the Revolutionary War was over, the country, 
 through a mistaken policy of economy, disbanded the Continental 
 forces of the Navy, and for some years there was no protection at all 
 for the maritime and shipping interests of the United States. After 
 a continued ravage of the coast of New England by piratical expe- 
 ditions, by slavers and smugglers. Congress decided that some protec- 
 tion was necessary. Therefore, on the 14th of August, 1790, we 
 established by law what is now called the Revenue Cutter Service. 
 The duties of the Revenue Cutter Service were at that time 
 described to be, for the better protection of the customs revenue; to 
 prevent piracy, and for the suppression of the slave trade. From 
 that day to this the duties have been constantly increased, until at 
 the present time there is not a statute on the law books of the United 
 States which refers to shipping that we are not called upon to enforce. 
 In addition to that, we are called upon to perform any other duty 
 that no other vessels are liable to. We have to protect the seal islands. 
 We have to protect the fisheries of the United States. We have to 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 965 
 
 enforce the laws in regard to the preservation of the oak forests in Capt. 
 Florida. We have to protect the coast of the United States and the J- *'• 
 cities of the United States from the introduction of infectious and con- 
 tagious diseases. We have to preserve the neutrality laws of the 
 United States, to prevent the fitting out of expeditions against friendly 
 nations; and I could take your time up the entire evening, if I wished 
 to itemize the different duties which we have to perform. In addition 
 to that, it seems that we have to be orators on occasions. 
 
 "In time of war we are called upon by law to cooperate with the 
 navy, and the record of the Revenue Cutter Service for i20 
 years shows that it has performed creditable if not conspicuous 
 duties in every war in which the United States has been engaged. 
 Our officers have shown their ability, their energy and their 
 initiative in every war in which the United States has taken part, 
 and we are proud of that record. 
 
 "We are proud also of the fact that our record in time of peace 
 has never been clouded by a single disloyal act. And if we con- 
 sider that the most of the time of this whole term of our life has 
 been a peaceful era, we cannot but look back on that time with a great 
 deal of pride. There have been events which have taken place in 
 that time which have called for an exhibition of courage which is 
 greater, perhaps, than is seen in any time of war, because there is 
 not the enthusiasm, there is not the glamour of the populace to urge 
 us on to these great efforts. I would only cite one instance in the 
 great record that has been rolled up in our service, by stating the fact 
 of the expedition which was sent out for the rescue of whalemen in 
 the Arctic Ocean in 1897. ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ there were thirteen whaling 
 ships Imprisoned In the Ice north of Point Barrow. Now whale- 
 men are looked down upon as seamen. They are not the best people, 
 but everyone knows that a whaleman has his wives and children at 
 home and there was a great demand that the government should send 
 assistance or some kind of help to these people. The word went 
 forth, what ship shall be sent. Captain Tuttle, in command of the 
 Bear at San Francisco, was asked how soon he could go. He said 
 in twenty-four hours he could go into the Arctic. He was ordered 
 to get ready. The Secretary of the Treasury then asked for volunteers 
 who would head the expedition. The captain of the vessel said, 
 'There is no necessity to ask for volunteers; every man aboard the 
 
966 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Cantwell 
 
 Capt. ship clamors to go.' This vessel went from San Francisco, in the 
 J- month of October, to the assistance of these imprisoned vessels in 
 
 the ice. The nearest point that they could reach at that time of the 
 year was Cape Van Covert, some 1,200 miles south of Point 
 Barrow. It was necessary for those men detailed for this duty to 
 travel 1,200 miles nearly over an Arctic waste. Three men were 
 designated for this duty — Lieutenant Jarvis, Lieutenant Netherof 
 and Sergeant Hall. Not one of those men had been on a sled before, 
 but they started north and picking up reindeer on the way, which had 
 been brought from Siberia into the north for the revenue service, 
 drove those reindeer by three separate routes over 600 miles 
 to Point Barrow, and reached there in February, 1898. On 
 account of this fact, over 1,300 men's lives were saved. A military 
 camp was established, martial law was established, and these people 
 were governed by the revenue cutter officers until the arrival of the 
 Bear in the succeeding August. 
 
 "This is only one of many features in which the revenue cutters 
 have shown that in time of peace there are means of showing that 
 men are men, that blood is blood, and that true courage will show 
 itself, not only at the cannon's mouth, but under the Polar star. 
 
 "I want to say in conclusion, that this entertainment at Poughkeep- 
 sie has been a decidedly pleasurable one for every one connected with 
 the Revenue Cutter Service. We are pleased with the entertainment 
 which has been given to us and to our men. As Commander Key 
 has said, it has been not only extended to the officers, but in an unique 
 way extended to the bluejackets, and all of us thank you very much 
 for your entertainment." 
 
 Rev. W. CHAIRMAN HILL: "Gentlemen, it is well known that the 
 B, Hill people who have settled in this land which Henry Hudson discovered 
 always retire early. We are unable to see distinctly after 12 o'clock, 
 especially if we have taken too much a la carte. So at this point, we 
 will bring the dinner to a pleasant close, and wishing our guests all 
 prosperity, and hoping to meet them in one hundred years at another 
 celebration, we will say 'Good Night.'" 
 
 Morgan On the Same evening (Monday, October 4) another ban- 
 quet was held at the Morgan House, at which the Rev. W. J. 
 Daley, Rev. S. Wright Butler, D.D., and the Rev. Sanford 
 
 Banquet 
 
Poughkeepsie Ceremonies 967 
 
 Culver Heart! were the chief speakers. During the exercises, 
 Governor Hughes was brought over to the Morgan House from 
 the Nelson House by Mayor Sague and gave his greeting to 
 the banqueters. 
 
 Under the auspices of the Educational Committee lectures Educa- 
 were given in the public schools, at Vassar Institute and in the -^^^^ 
 Opera House, and prizes were offered for the best essays on 
 subjects relating to Henry Hudson, Robert Fulton, the Cler- 
 mont and the Hudson River. Special research and educa- 
 tional work along historical lines were also taken up at Vassar 
 College, where Prof. Salmon had been lecturing on Holland 
 and England, and at Putnam Hall, where Mrs. C. S. Bullock 
 had given one or two lectures on the influence of the Hollanders 
 in America's early history. Special work was also done in the 
 parochial and other private schools throughout the city. 
 
 One of the prizes offered in the school essay contest was a 
 trip to Kingston on the Clermont. Therefore, when the Half 
 Moon, the Clermont and escorting squadron left Poughkeepsie 
 on Tuesday morning, October 5, the Clermont had on board 
 among other guests Superintendent of Schools William Alex- 
 ander Smith, Professor Walter F. Knowlson, Principal of the 
 High School, and eighteen boys and girls who had won prizes. 
 On the Half Moon were Mrs. Henry Hudson of Mexico City 
 and her two daughters. 
 
 During the Celebration, band concerts were held in various Concerts 
 parts of the city under the auspices of the Music Committee. 
 In addition to arranging for these concerts, the Music Com- 
 mittee did a great deal of other effective work in initiating the 
 singing exercises by the school children and arranging for the 
 Glee Club chorus at the open air service on Sunday, the 3d. 
 
 The Beacon Fires Committee had arranged with the Pain Fire- 
 Fireworks Company of New York to close the Celebration 
 with a beacon fire and pyrotechnic display on Saturday night, 
 October 9, but the contractor company did not fulfill the 
 
968 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 expectations which it had aroused and this was the sole dis- 
 appointment of the Celebration. 
 Medals ^^ jj,g close of the Celebration a beautiful gold medal was 
 
 presented to Col. John Jacob Astor for his courtesy in placing 
 the Nourmahal at the service of the Poughkeepsie committee. 
 A gold medal was also presented to Governor Hughes, and 
 silver medals to Rev. Charles Seymour Bullock, who imper- 
 sonated Robert Fulton, and to Lieut. William Lam, R. N. N., 
 who impersonated Henry Hudson. 
 
CHAPTER XLIV 
 KINGSTON CEREMONIES 
 
 SUNDAY, Monday and Tuesday, October 3, 4 and 5, were 
 devoted to the Hudson-Fulton Celebration in Kingston, 
 which prides itself on being 251 years old and the first 
 capital of the State of New York. 
 
 The general committee of arrangements consisted of Mayor Ccm- 
 Walter P. Crane, Chairman; Mr. Wesley Ellis, Secretary; and "'"^^ 
 Mr. Zadoc P. Boice, Mr. Herbert Carl, Dr. George Chandler, 
 Hon. A. T. Clearwater, Hon. John N. Cordts, Mr. Edward C. 
 Coykendall, Hon. S. D. Coykendall, Mr. Philip Elting, Mr. 
 Sherman E. Eighmey, Mr. Everett Fowler, Hon. Joseph M. 
 Fowler, Mr. William S. Green, Mr. John H. Gregory, Mr. 
 William R. Harrison, Hon. G. D. B. Hasbrouck, Mr. Jay E. 
 Klock, Mr. Seligman Oppenheimer, Mr. William F. Rafferty, 
 Mr. Weston H. Rider, Mr. John D. Schoonmaker and Mr. 
 F. Otis van Aken. 
 
 Although the appropriation allotted to the city of Kingston Funds 
 for its part in the Celebration was not as much as that given to 
 some of the other Hudson River towns, the business men of 
 the city responded so generously to the appeals of the local 
 celebration committee that sufficient funds were raised to make 
 the three days' Celebration at Kingston at least rival the fetes 
 held in Newburgh and Poughkeepsie. 
 
 For the details of the Celebration we are largely indebted to 
 the excellent reports of the Kingston newspapers. The Cele- 
 bration opened on Sunday, October 3, with religious services 
 in the different churches. 
 
 The religious services were held in both the morning and Religious 
 evening, and in some of the churches special services were "^"^^^ 
 held during the afternoon by the church societies and organi- 
 969 
 
970 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 zations. The pastors of the churches took as the theme for 
 one of their sermons the Hudson-Fulton Celebration and its 
 historical and patriotic significance. In every city church one 
 at least of the discourses was appropriate to the occasion. Most 
 of the churches were decorated with the national or Hudson- 
 Fulton colors, and in nearly every church special musical 
 programs were rendered. 
 Sunday Sunday evening, fully 15,000 persons gathered at the Court 
 Concert ^f Honor in front of the City Hall to listen to the concert given 
 by the Rondout Social Maennerchor and Miller's Twentieth 
 Regiment Band. The crowd took on something of a carnival 
 character, and horns, bells, and a dozen other noise-making 
 devices were employed to express the festive frame of mind of 
 the audience when it was not listening to the music of the con- 
 cert. The program was as follows: 
 
 1. "Star Spangled Banner." 
 
 By the Band. 
 
 2. " Der Tag des Herrn " Kreutzer. 
 
 By the Maennerchor. 
 
 3. "Apple Blossoms" Roberts. 
 
 By the Band. 
 
 4. "Sonntag ist "s" Bran. 
 
 By the Maennerchor. 
 
 5. Paraphase on "Nearer, My God, to Thee" Nesvadbo. 
 
 By the Band. 
 
 6. "In the BattleSeld " Burkhard. 
 
 By the Maennerchor. 
 
 7. "Lead, Kindly Light" Chambers. 
 
 By the Band. 
 
 8. "Star Spangled Banner" Van der Stucken. 
 
 By the Maennerchor and Band. 
 
 9. "Die Folkunger" Vretchmer. 
 
 By the Maennerchor and Band. 
 
 lUumi- Sunday evening, the extra electric lights throughout the 
 nations city arranged for by the Common Council were lighted and the 
 streets presented a beautiful appearance. The Court of Honor 
 at the City Hall was particularly brilliant. Three immense 
 white columns surmounted by gold globes stood on each side 
 of Broadway at this point and rows of electric light bulbs were 
 
Kingston Ceremonies 971 
 
 festooned from the tops of the columns. Broadway from end 
 to end was a glare of light. There were also many private 
 decorations of merit. Notable among these were the two 
 telephone buildings. At the corner of Broadway and Green- 
 kill avenue and on each side of the West Shore railroad tracks 
 were large white columns. At the entrance to Greenkill 
 avenue, a huge sign bore the word "Welcome" outlined in 
 electric lights between two columns. 
 
 On Monday morning, October 4, there were exercises in the School 
 public schools, which included the reading of prize essays. 
 In addition to the prizes mentioned in the chapter on General 
 Commemorative Exercises, Mr. Herbert Carl offered three 
 prizes of ;?io each — one to the student of Kingston Academy 
 writing the best essay on "The Life and Work of Robert 
 Fulton;" one to the student of Ulster Academy; and one to 
 the eighth grade pupil writing the best essay on the same 
 subject. 
 
 On Monday afternoon a monument was dedicated to theCham- 
 
 . . bers 
 
 memory of Sir Thomas Chambers in Montrepose Cemetery. Monu- 
 
 Sir Thomas Chambers was the founder of Kingston, the first ment 
 deed of land from the Indians to a white man at this place 
 having been made to him on June 5, 1652. On October 16, 
 1672, the estate of Captain Chambers was erected into a manor 
 called the Manor of Fox-hall by Governor Lovelace. At the dedi- 
 cation, the Rev. Dr. Van Slyke, pastor of the First Dutch Church, 
 offered prayer. Mayor James H. Everett delivered the his- 
 torical address. The pupils of Ulster Academy sang "America." 
 Mrs. G. D. B.Hasbrouck, Regent of Wiltwyck Chapter, Daugh- 
 ters of the Americam Revolution, made a brief address on their 
 behalf, and introduced John Reel, son of C. Gordon Reel, who 
 unveiled the monument. The pupils of Ulster Academy sang 
 a patriotic air, and the benediction was pronounced by the 
 Rev. Charles Mercer Hall, rector of the Church of the Holy 
 Cross. 
 
972 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Concert Qn Monday evening there was a band concert at the City 
 Hall, and the illumination of the city was repeated. 
 
 Tuesday, October 5, was the great day of the Celebration. 
 At daybreak visitors began to pour into the city by every means 
 of transportation until it was estimated that 30,000 persons had 
 arrived to help the residents to celebrate. Bedecked with 
 flags and bunting, with the orange, white and blue Hudson- 
 Fulton colors vieing with the Stars and Stripes, Kingston did 
 everything possible to make its big day in the Celebration a 
 record breaking event. 
 Public Every provision that forethought could devise was made for 
 
 ^^^'y the safety and convenience of the crowds. Not only were 
 extra police arrangements made, but the Committee on Public 
 Health and Safety, under the chairmanship of Health Officer 
 L. K. Stelle, also made careful provision against accident. 
 Four Red Cross relief stations were established as follows: 
 At Kingston Point, in the building with the information bureau 
 there; at the corner of Broadway and Strand; at the Crispell 
 drug store, corner of Broadway and Thomas street, and at the 
 drug store of William S. Eltinge, on John street. At each of 
 these stations a Red Cross nurse was in charge during the 
 entire day. The nurses for this duty were kindly furnished 
 by the Benedictine Sanitarium and the Kingston City Hos- 
 pital. Throughout the day, two ambulances with teams 
 attached were in readiness at the City Hall; and a launch, 
 kindly furnished by the Cornell Steamboat Company, patrolled 
 the waters in the vicinity of the fleet and floats from 9 a. m. to 
 5 P. M. Many of the city's physicians volunteered their services 
 and appeared on duty wearing the official brassards on their 
 arms. In spite of the big crowds, it was necessary to care for 
 only minor injuries at any of the relief stations. 
 His- About 3 o'clock in the morning, the historical floats from 
 
 torical New York arrived on barges and were moored at Abbey's 
 Dock. The floats represented the following subjects: Colonial 
 
Kingston Ceremonies 973 
 
 Period, 1664-1783, Washington Taking the Oath of Office, 
 Trial of Peter Zenger, Schuyler and the Indians, Old Colonial 
 Home, House of Peter Stuyvesant, Legend of Rip Van Winkle, 
 Reception of Lafayette, Bronck's Treaty, Half Moon, Fulton's 
 First Ferry, Opening of the Erie Canal, Nathan Hale, etc. 
 The characters of the tableaux were taken by residents of 
 Kingston and vicinity. During the day thousands of persons 
 viewed the floats, near which music was rendered by Snyder 
 Hose Company's band of Saugerties. 
 
 The fleet of nineteen vessels belonging to the United States Arrival 
 revenue cutter and torpedo service, four submarines, and other 
 vessels forming the escort for the Half Moon and Clermont, 
 arrived off Kingston Point at about 10.45 o'clock Tuesday 
 morning. At the Esopus light, fourteen tugs of the Cornell 
 fleet, headed by the Norwich carrying the Reception Committee 
 and a brass band, met the approaching vessels and swung into 
 line as an escort of honor. As the combined fleet approached 
 Rondout and cast anchor, it was greeted with a noisy demonstra- 
 tion of welcome from steam whistles, bands, and from the 
 throngs gathered on both sides of the river. The fleet rode 
 in the river off Kingston Point. The Half Moon was also 
 anchored but the Clermont was brought to the dock and was 
 the cynosure of all eyes. Hundreds boarded the replica of 
 Fulton's first boat and inspected her throughout. 
 
 Soon after the arrival of the fleet. Governor Hughes and 
 other distinguished guests were escorted to Wiltwyck Inn Hall 
 where they were entertained at luncheon. The decorations 
 on the Burgevin building, at the corner of Fair and Main 
 streets, the third floor of which is occupied by Wiltwyck Hall, 
 were of the prevailing Hudson-Fulton colors and American 
 flags. 
 
 Immediately after the luncheon, Brigadier-General James H. Street 
 Lloyd, Grand Marshal, and his staff, left the hall and pro- 
 ceeded to Washington avenue, where General Lloyd directed the 
 
974 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Street formation of the parade. The other guests were later taken 
 in carriages and automobiles to the reviewing stand in front 
 of the City Hall, from which the Governor and guests reviewed 
 the parade. 
 
 The procession, which started about 2.15 p. m., moved in 
 the following order : 
 
 First Division. 
 
 Mounted Police. 
 
 General Lloyd and Staff. 
 
 Twentieth Regiment Band. 
 
 Major Albert Saulpaugh, Jr. 
 
 Company F, Tenth Regiment. 
 
 Company M, Tenth Regiment. 
 
 Company K, Tenth Regiment. 
 
 Company E, Tenth Regiment. 
 
 Company I, First Regiment. 
 
 Morris Guards, Atlantic City. 
 
 City Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 Company of Marines. 
 
 Boys from United States Schoolship "Newport." 
 
 Stamford Fire Company. 
 
 Roxbury Fire Company. 
 
 Arkville Fire Company. 
 
 Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 Oneonta Veterans. 
 
 Margaretrille Fire Company. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Pine Hill Fire Company. 
 
 Marlborough Fire Company. 
 
 Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 Fleischmann's Fire Company. 
 
 South Rondout Fire Company. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Liberty Fire Company. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Monticello Fire Company. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Ansonia, Conn., Fire Company. 
 
 Third Division. 
 Kingston Fire Department of ii companies and ii b 
 
Kingston Ceremonies 975 
 
 Fourth Division Street 
 
 City Band. Parade 
 
 One thousand School Boys, with flags in hats. 
 
 Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 The Bon Vivants Social Club. 
 
 Fifth Division 
 
 Oneonta Band. 
 
 Junior Order of American Mechanics. 
 
 Knights of Columbus. 
 
 City officials, in carriages. 
 
 Sixth Division, 
 
 Saugerties Band. 
 
 Kingston Shriners. 
 
 Tappan Camp No. i, Sons of Veterans. 
 
 Carriages and Floats. 
 
 The Redmen. 
 
 The procession occupied forty-four minutes in passing the 
 reviewing stand. Fully 10,000 people were assembled on the 
 City Hall lawn, the reviewing stands, the O'Reilly grounds 
 opposite the City Hall, and Broadway was choked with an 
 immense mass of people who filled the street from all directions 
 as soon as the parade had passed. 
 
 After a brief interval. Mayor Crane introduced Governor 
 Hughes, who spoke as follows: 
 
 GOVERNOR HUGHES: "Mr. Mayor, Fellow Citizens: I am Governor 
 here to bear my congratulations to the people of the City of Kingston Hughes 
 on the part they are taking in this Celebration. It is my good 
 fortune to visit the different communities along this Valley, 
 and in each one to see the evidences of patriotic enthusiasm, and of 
 genuine interest in the commemoration of the great events of 300 
 and 100 years ago. The bc^st exhibit of this whole Celebration is 
 the people of the State of New York. 
 
 "In the metropolis, where are represented all nations and 
 where are gathered together the scions of all races in a cosmopolitan 
 community the like of which has never been seen upon this earth, 
 there were, during the preceding week, the largest crowds in the 
 history of the city, and at the same time, good order, good humor. 
 
976 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 •overnor happiness, contentment and almost an entire absence of anything 
 "^ *^ to give offense or to bring a stain upon the fair fame of our great City 
 of New York. So in every one of these communities, the people 
 have gathered together, with enthusiastic desire to show their 
 interest in the exercises of the anniversary, and at the same time 
 they have themselves furnished the best evidence of the progress 
 of the centuries in their indication of prosperity and education, in 
 their evident appreciation of the privileges and of the obligations of 
 liberty. I have witnessed many beautiful scenes, and the most 
 beautiful has been the representation of the youth of these com- 
 munities, in sweet song and in charming presence, testifying to the 
 wholesomeness of the life along the Hudson. 
 
 "Friends of Kingston, look upon the beauty and promise of your 
 city " (indicating the gathering of school children near the place 
 where he stood). "Where could be a fairer scene ? Listen to the 
 svv'eet voices singing patriotic songs, and is there a man, woman or 
 child among us who does not feel thrilled with a new ardor, inspired 
 with a new courage, with genuine American sentiment, because of 
 intense pride in the country worthy of these songs of liberty and of 
 faith ? 
 
 "We are to-day celebrating not simply the Hudson. The intelli- 
 gent student of history must look from the Northwest to this gateway 
 of the continent, to this highway of commerce, to this favored 
 avenue of daring and intrepidity by which, in the early days, the first 
 conquest of the frontier was won. It is not simply the East we are 
 celebrating; we are celebrating that opportunity which this avenue 
 through our great range of mountains furnished for the course of 
 progress. The Hudson rises in our beautiful forests, and proceeds to 
 the sea, which meets it and through a long extent drowns its valley 
 with the waters of the ocean; and the course of progress has run 
 along the Hudson through the valley of the Mohawk, on to the 
 Great Lakes, and so to the far West. Those who bore our banner 
 to the distant West returned with the fruits of industry; making our 
 metropolis at the mouth of the Hudson one of the great emporiums 
 in the world and destined to be the greatest emporium in the world. 
 We are celebrating American life and progress. We are celebrating 
 a discovery which opened a new world. We are celebrating an 
 invention which made possible its utilization. 
 
Kingston Ceremonies 977 
 
 "My friends, at this time when we have so much of interest to think Governor 
 of, those in each community should center their chief attention upon "^ 
 the events which may stimulate local pride. We do not want the 
 Celebration to generate an enthusiasm which does not amount to 
 anything. We want it to generate enthusiasm which means power, 
 which means power for progress and that we are going forward 
 because of fresh stimulus, and of new appreciation of the obligation 
 imposed upon us by the privileges we enjoy. Here is the birthplace 
 of the State of New York — the Empire State. It was at Kingston 
 that the Constitution of the State of New York was adopted. It 
 was at Kingston that the first Governor, George Clinton, took the 
 oath of office. I do not know that any other man was ever elected 
 Governor and Lieutenant-Governor at the same time, and had to 
 select which office he would take. That was the case with him. 
 He was a man of strength, well known to this part of the country, 
 where he had been reared, and he had a notable place in the 
 Revolutionary struggle because of his military skill and of his 
 patriotic devotion to the cause of liberty. He was a great admin- 
 istrator. There, yonder, in the old church-yard, stands his monu- 
 ment under which at last appropriately rest his remains. If 
 anywhere in the State of New York there should be a people appre- 
 ciative of what the government of this State means, it should be in 
 the City of Kingston, where the State first came into being with a 
 Constitution of its own. 
 
 "And what a State it is! Nine millions of people, approximately, 
 in this great commonwealth; a State with more difficulties and prob- 
 lems by reason of the character of its population than any other 
 State. We have a metropolis comprising one-half the people of the 
 State. We have agricultural prominence, industrial prominence 
 and rare commercial development. We have the best educational 
 advantages. We have alert, energetic youth. 
 
 To-day in our harbor the old Half Moon once more represents to 
 us the daring of Hudson. How would you like to go across the 
 ocean in that Half Moon ? How would you like to take a trip in 
 that little ship in Arctic seas, to the frozen North, in order that you 
 may add to the sum of human knowledge ? Go to the shore of the 
 river, and see the Half Moon, and think what sort of man Hudson 
 62 
 
978 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor must have been and appreciate what it meant to him to undertake 
 Hughes jj^g voyage which resulted in the discovery of this river. 
 
 "Take a look at the Clermont. Consider the days and nights of 
 toil, the hard work, the unsuccessful experiments which resulted finally 
 in that invention. I read the other day that an eminent New Yorker, 
 when asked to give something to Fulton to carry on his experiments, 
 gave a sum upon condition that his name should never become known 
 in connection with such a foolish enterprise. He was willing to give 
 some money, but he was not willing to risk his reputation by having 
 his contribution known. Fulton was satisfied with five knots an hour. 
 His invention was not the result of any brilliant intuition. It was the 
 result of steady, unremitting work against countless obstacles. 
 
 "Now, look at the small low-lying vessels out there in the river, 
 the torpedo destroyers. I had the pleasure to-day of taking a trip 
 in the Worden and made the fastest time ever made on the Hudson 
 River. We first have the Clermont, indicating and illustrating the 
 invention which later made the Worden possible. And, gathered 
 there we have, as the commander of the Worden once said, three 
 records — the record of Hudson, the record of Fulton, and the 
 record of modern mechanical and naval achievement. The best 
 thing, perhaps, about this Celebration is that we have brought to 
 our shores representatives from all the nations. Old Holland, that 
 has impressed herself perhaps more lastingly upon this community 
 than upon any other in this State, testified to her continuing 
 interest and appreciation of the affection of her sons by raising a 
 goodly sum of money and sending us as a free gift that beautiful Half 
 Moon. It will always be ours — an object of interest to students; 
 an object kindling the enthusiasm of the young, and always remind- 
 ing us of the tie which binds us to those who are ruled by the fair 
 young Queen of the Netherlands. 
 
 "Then we have the other nations sending their ships and their 
 special envoys, giving us messages of good will, showing that all the 
 world takes part in celebrating the progress of the United States; that 
 in the progress of the United States all nations are deeply interested, 
 for here humanity is working out the problems incident to free 
 institutions; and, as was well said by Senator Root the other 
 night in New York, 'We are working out experiments for all the 
 nations under Heaven.' We have sent returning messages of 
 
Kingston Ceremonies 979 
 
 affection. And one result of this Celebration will be to draw more Governor 
 closely together all the people of the earth in an amity which is not ^ 
 threatened by these warships, for I hope and trust that those great 
 engines of destruction which have appeared in our stream will never 
 be put to any use save to furnish a spectacle. These occasions make 
 war more difficult and friendship more lasting. 
 
 "But the next great feature of the Celebration is that throughout 
 this State, and particularly along the Hudson Valley and in the City 
 of New York, it is developing a better sense of civic unity; a con- 
 sciousness of more intimate relation and of responsibility on account 
 of that relation. 
 
 "We saw a parade in New York the other day. There were organi- 
 zations representing all sorts and conditions of men; the men that 
 make up the great city, just as we have had in Newburgh and Yonkers 
 and Poughkeepsie, and now at Kingston — a demonstration, in verity, 
 of what constitutes the people in these communities. That is impos- 
 sible without creating a sense of closer relationship. 
 
 "Now, my friends, let us rejoice that we were blessed by the first 
 settlement of the sturdy, thrifty Netherlanders. Let us appreciate 
 the inventive skill of Fulton and of the long line of men that suc- 
 ceeded him. Let us honor the heroes of the great struggle through 
 which independence was won and liberty established. Let us then 
 realize that in our local governments, in our State government, 
 and in every department of administration, we must maintain 
 standards of integrity and efficiency and thus furnish an example 
 how a free people can be idealistic, honorable, just, and know how 
 wisely to govern themselves. 
 
 "My best wishes to Kingston." 
 
 At the conclusion of his address, Governor Hughes and staff Indus- 
 
 trial 
 Home 
 
 proceeded to the Industrial Home, where was unveiled a 
 memorial tablet, bearing the following inscription: Tablet 
 
 IN MEMORIAM 
 
 Jean Hasbroucq 1714 
 
 1624 Theuois Jacobsen Klaarwater 1715 
 
 Abraham Hasbroucq 1717 
 
 1689 Johannis Roosevelt 1734 
 
 1690 Gilbert Livingston 1746 
 1721 Mary Crook Elmendorf '795 
 
980 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Indus- 
 trial 
 Home 
 Tablet 
 
 1747 
 
 Catherine Elraendorf Bleecker 
 
 1787 
 
 1800 
 
 James Bruyn Hardenbergh, D.D. 
 
 1870 
 
 1808 
 
 Annie Colfai Mickens 
 
 1859 
 
 .8.5 
 
 Lucy Maria Randall Hoes 
 
 .898 
 
 
 Augustus Hasbrouck Bruyn 
 
 1904 
 
 18,9 
 
 Isaac Clearwater 
 
 1902 
 
 1821 
 
 Catherine Ann Cornell 
 
 1897 
 
 1829 
 
 Rev. Daniel Dubois Sahler 
 
 1882 
 
 .830 
 
 Colonel George W. Pratt 
 
 1 852 
 
 .837 
 
 Sara McEntee 
 
 1903 
 
 I84Z 
 
 Harriet Pardee Musgrave 
 
 1902 
 
 .846 
 
 Severyn Bruyn Forsyth 
 
 1902 
 
 1852 
 
 Jacob Chambers, M.D. 
 
 1904 
 
 1868 
 
 Louis B. Melvain 
 
 1881 
 
 Outside of the building were stationed the visiting marines 
 and a squad of G. A. R. veterans. The exercises were opened 
 by Chairman Reuben Bernard who introduced the Rev. C. L. 
 Palmer. After the latter had offered prayer and the children 
 had sung "America," Mr. Bernard introduced Governor 
 Hughes. The Governor delivered a brief address, after which, 
 with a few other brief exercises, the ceremony came to a close. 
 Official The Celebration closed Tuesday evening with an illumination 
 of the city and the fleet, and an official banquet at the Eagle 
 Hotel in honor of Governor Hughes and staff and the other 
 distinguished guests. The Hon. A. T. Clearwater presided, 
 and opened the post-prandial exercises in the following words: 
 
 Hon. A. HON. A. T. CLEARWATER: "It is not intended to have any 
 T. Clear- jgj q,- formal addresses upon this occasion, because of the pressure of 
 ^* ^^ time. But we have with us a most distinguished visitor and a most 
 eloquent orator and a most brilliant and witty after-dinner speaker, 
 and it would not only be a misfortune but a calamity if we did not 
 hear from him. I have the great honor and the great pleasure of 
 introducing the Govermor of the State." 
 
 Governor GOVERNOR CHARLES E. HUGHES: "Having spoken twice 
 
 Hughes to.jay in this city, I am not going to speak again, nor am I going to 
 
 make a speech in apology for not making a speech. I simply am 
 
 going to thank you for your hospitality, for the cordial welcome 
 
 that you have given me to-day, — and thank you on behalf of the 
 
Kingston Ceremonies 981 
 
 people of the State for the interest that you have taken and the hard 
 work you have done in making this Celebration a success. " 
 
 THE CHAIRMAN: "You have heard the Governor of the State Hon. A. 
 say to-day that Kingston was essentially a Dutch community, and it is. * ^^^' 
 We cherish here the Dutch virtues and the Dutch graces, and when 
 we pass a stray Dutchman from an up-river city, even though he 
 bears a Scotch name and is of Scotch descent by mistake, we must 
 insist on hearing from him. And I have the great pleasure of intro- 
 ducing a Dutchman who came from Scotland, Colonel MacArthur. " 
 
 COL. ARTHUR MacARTHUR: "Judge Clearwater, Governor Col. Mac- 
 Hughes and Gentlemen: The amalgamation of nationalities some- A'^*^"'' 
 what staggers me to comprehend its significance. I am here as the 
 Chairman of the Upper Hudson Committee of the Hudson-Fulton 
 Celebration Commission, to look on with pleasure and enjoyment to 
 the development of the possibilities of interest which the communities 
 along the Hudson River manifest in making memorable these anni- 
 versaries. Perhaps those who come down the river to meet and greet 
 those who come up the river, bring from the antipodes — the extremes 
 of this notable river — the spirit embodied in this age, that pervaded 
 those who joined hands when Hudson and Fulton made the river 
 memorable, and the object of this Celebration. 
 
 "I have been connected with this Celebration since it started, and 
 like the Governor of the State of New York, the strenuousness of the 
 cities has somewhat compelled me to feel the weariness of the events. 
 The communities which make up in the different cities and munici- 
 palities this great event abide with one another, so far as they have now 
 proceeded, and gone into history to make the Hudson-Fulton Celebra- 
 tion a commemoration that will be productive of reminiscences that 
 we will feel with a warmth of glory which no recent events have 
 produced; and I congratulate the gentlemen who have had this event 
 in charge, upon their glorious and successful achievement, as mani- 
 fested in to-day's demonstration. We would like, as a Committee, 
 to stay with you and enjoy your hospitality, but like the man who said: 
 
 "' Too late I stay, forgive the crime, 
 Unheeding, however, the hours. 
 Lightly flees the foot of Time, 
 That treads upon the flowers.* 
 
 "I thank you." 
 
982 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. A. THE CHAIRMAN: "We have one more Dutchman of Scotch 
 T. Clear- ancestry here, and to demonstrate that we cultivate the Dutch vir- 
 tue of magnanimity and forgiveness of sins, I want to present to you 
 a most distinguished Dutchman from the middle Hudson, our friend, 
 Mayor McClung, of Newburgh." 
 
 Hon. MAYOR McCLUNG: "Mr. Chairman: This is wholly unex- 
 
 ^^''i* pected; and I thought from what has been already said, and the 
 strenuous life that I have led, I could plead an excuse. Another 
 thing that occurs to me since putting on the togs of a military man, 
 and having been assigned to duty of that station known, I believe, 
 as a Lieutenant-Commander, that my superiors are here, and they 
 may think it beyond me to fully express our duty; but having passed 
 through so many days of making addresses more or less of the charac- 
 ter that I am now about to detail, I feel at this time quite as much as 
 I ever did, the words, as Colonel MacArthur has said, gathering 
 together the units composing this great Celebration, so far as the Upper 
 Hudson was concerned. We who have acted as Commissioners, 
 the gentlemen of Kingston and the other river towns, have felt the 
 necessity of following along with the procession, and we are here with 
 the procession at Kingston. We hence continue with it so long as 
 the fuel lasts, and so long as it is continued, and when we return to 
 our domiciles we will probably be better fitted for our work in the 
 future. 
 
 "I believe that this Celebration has done much for the Hudson 
 river towns from Newburgh north. It has cemented the friendship 
 that existed by that acquaintance that has been born simply as being 
 cities along the river. We have come into closer connection, closer 
 friendship. We have met each other, and I am sure personally I 
 speak for all those who have been associated with me in this work. I 
 feel that everything that has been done has been done for the advance- 
 ment of this particular Celebration, but it has had and always will 
 continue to have a closer relationship to that friendly spirit and feeling 
 that is cultivated only by gathering or collecting together, by meeting 
 with those you have heard of and not been intimately associated with. 
 I know that Newburgh's part in the Celebration has always been a 
 matter of cordial interest with Judge Clearwater. He has so fre- 
 quently expressed himself as convinced that Newburgh was entitled 
 and should have the consideration it deserved, it having been selected 
 
Kingston Ceremonies 983 
 
 as the turning point where the two representations of those famous Hon. 
 visits were to be transferred from the Lower Hudson to the Upper ^°J' 
 Hudson, and that in furtherance of that desire, to show that New- 
 burgh had its share, he was solicitous that everything should be done 
 to aid in the good work. 
 
 "We feel particularly grateful to Judge Clearwater, even in spite 
 of the little allusion he may have made at this time, or implied, that 
 there might have been some little strife. But that friendly difference 
 that existed at that time was simply for the good of the whole cause, 
 as I do not believe that it has caused any feeling to exist that any one 
 particular place received any more than the other. Had we thought 
 that, we would not have been here to-night, gathered together in the 
 interest of seeing that Kingston, so far as we were concerned, carried 
 out its full share, and Kingston itself has demonstrated that it has no 
 feeling towards the other towns, or Newburgh particularly, by tender- 
 ing us such a gracious reception. 
 
 "I have enjoyed every minute of the time here, and in behalf of the 
 Commission I represent, I being somewhat of a Dutchman, as Judge 
 Clearwater says, having some little Irish blood mixed in, I still feel 
 that I have voiced the sentiments of the rest of the Dutchmen, because 
 we have McKay with us. Chandler and a few others of Dutch descent. 
 I do not feel that any of those other gentlemen have been slighted at 
 all by not being asked to fill the position that I have at this particular 
 time. I have appreciated also the compliment that Governor Hughes 
 has paid by his presence with us, and we have enjoyed every minute of 
 his time. And to-night, again I thank Judge Clearwater and Gover- 
 nor Hughes for this very entertaining part of the program." 
 
 THE CHAIRMAN: "Now, having heard from both extremes Hon. A. 
 of the river, so to speak, we must have a word from the beginning of '^* Clear- 
 the Valley of the Mohawk, and I have the great pleasure of intro- 
 ducing our distinguished visitor, Mr. Scanlon, of Cohoes. " 
 
 MR. SCANLON: "Governor Hughes and Mr. Chairman: I assure Hon. 
 you gentlemen and citizens of Kingston that I esteem it a great 1°*"* 
 privilege and a great honor to be with you to-night at the festal board, '^*° 
 participating in these festivities. I have had the pleasure to form 
 a warm feeling for a great many of the citizens of Kingston during 
 the past Summer, having been with you a great many days, and at 
 
984 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. a great many periods during the present season, and I esteem it more 
 
 i° ° than a privilege to have the honor and the pleasure of being; at this 
 Scanlon r ■ i , ■ ■ ■ . , ,. r , 
 
 restive board to participate in commemorating the discovery of the 
 
 Hudson. I do come from the extreme end of the Hudson, to the north, 
 
 where that beautiful Mohawk gives to the Hudson the kiss of peace. 
 
 "There, by the mighty roar of the cataract, where you hear the 
 hum of the spindles and all is active, we are proud, not only of the 
 Mohawk, but we are deeply sensible and deeply proud of the great 
 benefits that we acquired by reason of the discovery of this magnificent 
 stream. I did not expect that I would have the honor or privilege 
 to be called upon to speak this evening. And I believe that perhaps 
 my remarks will prove but a poor apology for a speech. Nevertheless, 
 permit me to say that I feel that too little has been said around the 
 festive board about the men who made it possible for these enter- 
 tainments; about the men who made it possible for this grand educa- 
 tional parade which we are now passing through. But little has been 
 said about the men who organized and who thought out and who 
 conceived the idea of commemorating the discovery of this mighty 
 river. 
 
 "It has been my pleasure and my privilege to not only meet here 
 in Kingston, but in the various cities of the Upper Hudson, with men 
 of brains, with men of integrity and with men of character; who have 
 spent days and hours and thought and energy in thinking out and 
 making it possible that we might appear here to-night in this beautiful 
 City of Kingston, around this festive board, to give expression to 
 the memory of the names who made it possible for these cities to be 
 established along this waterway. And I have particular reference 
 to the members of the Hudson-Fulton Commission. The festivities 
 merely give the painting, but the men who did the work, the men 
 who built the structure and the foundation and made it possible, 
 are the men who thought out these festivities, and to-night I drink 
 the health of those men, that is, the members of the Hudson-Fulton 
 Celebration Commission. All honor to them. It was requested 
 of me that I incorporate this Commission, and I gladly assented, in 
 order that we might commemorate among ourselves about the festive 
 board; in order that the associations that have been formed during 
 these celebrations may be continued, and it is my privilege and my 
 purpose, and at the request of the members of this Commission, 
 
Kingston Ceremonies 985 
 
 after these festivities are over, to incorporate and make this a corpora- 
 tion, in order that we may meet from time to time and renew the friend- 
 ships that have been formed during these festivities. And then when 
 we do, 
 
 " * We live for those who love us ; those who we know are true ; 
 
 For the Heavens that smile above us and the good that we can do.' " 
 
 THE CHAIRMAN: "Just a single word more, and then I will Judge 
 end. On behalf of this great center of culture, I beg to introduce Clear- 
 one of its most representative representatives — one of my own 
 people who may be said not only to be a chip of the old block, but 
 the old block itself — our distinguished friend, Judge Hasbrouck. 
 
 HON. G. D. B. HASBROUCK: "Governor, and Gentlemen: I Hon. 
 am unable to say how glad I am to see so many distinguished men "• ^- °- 
 gathered here in our city to-night, and for the purpose for which they jj^ouck 
 are gathered. The time is growing late, and I have always been 
 credited with having a little discretion, and I hope to exercise it now. 
 We have all struggled. The citizens here who have been on the 
 Committee have struggled and they have worked, and among other 
 purposes, they have worked, of course, for the great main purpose. 
 And next to that, so far as our visitors are concerned, whether they 
 are English or Irish or Scandinavians, or whatever they are, we hope 
 we have so conducted ourselves that you will all leave Kingston 
 knowing and believing that Dutch company is the best company." 
 
 THE CHAIRMAN: "Mr. Mayor, say 'Good-bye.' " 
 
 MAYOR CRANE: "Governor Hughes and Gentlemen: I only Mayor 
 want to say a word or two for Kingston. This has been a pretty ^''*°® 
 happy day for Kingston. Kingston has enjoyed having you with us. 
 She has enjoyed entertaining you in our midst here. And in behalf 
 of Kingston, I thank you all for coming, and trust you will feel at 
 least partially paid for having been here." 
 
CHAPTER LV 
 
 CATS KILL CEREMONIES 
 Local I AOBERT JUET, in his journal of the voyage of the Half 
 
 R 
 
 History t^ Moon, says under date of September 15, 1609: 
 
 "At night we came to other Mountains which lie from the River's 
 side. There were found very loving people and very old men; where 
 wee were well used." 
 
 This very apt description of the Catskill Mountains is one 
 of the most readily recognized passages in that famous docu- 
 ment and gave to the village of Catskill, which is the gateway 
 to the Catskill Mountains and the county seat of Greene 
 County, an importance in the Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 quite out of proportion to its population. The interest in the 
 Catskill ceremonies was further enhanced by the fact that in 
 these mountains Irving laid the scene of the most celebrated 
 legend of the Hudson River — that of Rip van Winkle's visit 
 to Henry Hudson's goblin crew. 
 Com- The official members of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 mittees Commission residing at Catskill are the Hon. Charles A. 
 Elliott, who was a member of the Commission by virtue of his 
 office as President of the village prior to the spring of 1909, 
 and who was subsequently appointed a member of the Commis- 
 sion by the Governor; the Hon. J. W. Wessel who succeeded 
 Mr. Elliott as President of the village; and General W. C. S. 
 Wiley and Mr. James P. Philip, who were appointed by the 
 Governor. Under their leadership, the cooperation of public- 
 spirited citizens was enlisted and committees formed to carry 
 out various details of the preparations. The Executive Com- 
 mittee consisted of Hon. Charles A. Elliott, Chairman; Mr. 
 James P. Philip, Treasurer; Mr. Seth T. Cole, Secretary; 
 General W. C. S. Wiley, Hon. J. Henry Wessel, Mr. Howard 
 
Catskill Ceremonies 987 
 
 C. Smith and Mr. Charles E. Place. Other committees, with Com- 
 membership ranging from 3 to 71 persons, were appointed with 
 the following named Chairmen: 
 
 Advisory Committee, Mr. Judson A. Betts. 
 Decoration Committee, Mr. J. Henry Deane. 
 Entertainment Committee, Hon. J. Henry Wessel. 
 Fireworks Committee, Mr. Edgar Johnston. 
 Improvement of Catskill Point, Mr. George W. Loud. 
 Music Committee, Mr. W. E. Thorpe. 
 Navigation and Marine Committee, Mr. L. S. Hart. 
 Parade Committee, Major Albert Sauipaugh. 
 Program Committee, Mr. H. B. Morris. 
 Publicity Committee, Mr. Fred E. Cragie.* 
 Public Safety Committee, Sheriff W. H. Stewart. 
 Reception Committee, Mr. Charles A. Nicoll. 
 Red Cross Committee, Dr. Robert Selden. 
 
 In addition to the money allotted to Catskill by the Hudson- ^^^^ 
 Fulton Celebration Commission, nearly ^1,000 was raised by 
 subscription. So judiciously were the finances managed, that 
 after all bills were paid, there was a balance of ;^I22.36, which 
 was divided equally between the Board of Trade and the Civic 
 Improvement Society. 
 
 The tide of visitors began to set in toward Catskill from all Visitors 
 parts of Greene County and adjacent sections on Sunday, 
 October 3, and continued Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, 
 until on the latter day, which was the principal day of the Cele- 
 bration at this point, fully 10,000 persons had arrived to swell 
 the local population. 
 
 The Celebration began Tuesday evening, the electrical ^^'=°"* 
 decorations having been completed and the lights turned on at 
 that time. Under the glare of the many lights crowds paraded 
 the streets, which quickly took on a carnival appearance, with 
 music and the blowing of horns to enliven the festival. 
 
 On Wednesday morning, October 6, everything was gay. 
 
 ' We are indebted to Mr. Cragie for much of the data embodied in this chapter. 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 of Fleet 
 
 The bands, fire companies and others to take part in the parade 
 began to arrive at an early hour, and marched to the respective 
 headquarters. At lo o'clock, vs^ith brief informal exercises, 
 Mr. Edvi^ard Reynolds, secretary of the Greene County 
 Society in the City of New York, raised the American flag 
 on the pole presented to the Home for Aged Women by the 
 Society. Many spectators v^ere present at these exercises. 
 Arrival About 10.30 the steamer Ursula, with the Reception Com- 
 mittee and invited guests aboard, sailed from Catskill Point 
 to meet the flotilla and escort it to Catskill. This was the 
 signal for people to move towards the Point, and soon every 
 available post of observation was occupied. 
 
 Shortly before 1 1 o'clock the barges carrying the twenty-three 
 historical floats from New York arrived and were tied up at 
 the dock. They were immediately boarded by crowds of 
 interested sightseers, who were much pleased with the exhibits. 
 Meanwhile, early in the morning the naval parade with the 
 Half Moon and Clermont had started northward from Kings- 
 ton. The replicas of the historic vessels left Rondout about 
 8 A. M., following the west shore through Flatbush Channel, so 
 that the crowds gathered on the shore might have a good view 
 of them. About 9.30 they stopped at Crugers Island to 
 "trade with the Indians." Here, sheets of the hand-made 
 Clermont letter paper, signed with a quill pen by "Robert 
 Fulton" and bearing the Clermont red seal stamp, were given 
 in exchange for strings of wampum, bows and arrows, pipes 
 and tomahawks. At 9.50 the replicas left for the old Livings- 
 ton place from which the Clermont was named, using the 
 Livingston Channel. At Barrytown, the Blithewood Guards, 
 in full-dress uniform, were drawn up at attention as the Cler- 
 mont steamed by. At Clermont, the country seat of Mr. 
 John Henry Livingston, and the first appointed stopping 
 place of the original Clermont in 1807, a stop of ten minutes 
 was made, during which visitors were received on board the 
 
Catskill Ceremonies 989 
 
 Clermont. Returning to the main channel, the Clermont Arrival 
 rejoined the other vessels and proceeded to Catskill, the squad- 
 ron being met en route by the Reception Committee from 
 Catskill. 
 
 Between 11 and 12 o'clock the eager crowds at Catskill 
 Point descried the torpedo-boat squadron, the Stockton, the 
 Worden, the Blakeley, the Porter, the Dupont, the Stringham 
 and the Shutrick, approaching closely followed by the revenue 
 cutters Seminole, Dixie, Manhattan and Mohawk. As these 
 vessels were manoeuvering to find an anchorage, the Clermont 
 and Half Moon arrived, the Clermont under her own steam, 
 and about noon anchored off the Point. 
 
 As soon as the Half Moon dropped anchor, one of the pretti- 
 est spectacles ever witnessed in the vicinity of Catskill took 
 place. The members of Athabasca Tribe of Red Men, the 
 local lodge, had been cruising about in their canoes waiting 
 for the arrival of the Half Moon, and as soon as her anchor was 
 dropped the Indians paddled up and swarmed aboard the 
 vessel, carrying gifts of green vegetables, flowers, corn, pump- 
 kins, etc. The crew of the Half Moon was very hospitable and 
 showed the Indians every sign of courtesy. 
 
 While this was occurring, a salute of 21 guns was being fired 
 from the shore in honor of the Governor, who was approaching 
 on the Commission boat Taro. The salute was answered by 
 the guns of the flotilla. The Taro followed by the Ursula tied 
 up at the dock, and Governor Hughes and staflF, with members 
 of the Upper Hudson Committee, the local Reception Com- 
 mittee and others came ashore, passing between two solid 
 banks of people, who cheered the Governor enthusiastically. 
 Carriages were in waiting, and the party started immediately 
 for Court House Square. All the way up from the Point 
 the Governor's carriage was surrounded by a cheering crowd. 
 
 At the Court House the crowd was so dense that it was „ ^ 
 
 Court 
 
 necessary to rope off" a space to allow a passage through. The House 
 
990 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor and staff with the members of the Commission were 
 given seats on the portico of the new^ Court House. 
 
 Chairman Elliott of the local Executive Committee called 
 the assembly to order, and introduced Master John Sanderson 
 Elliott, a Catskill high school boy, who had been selected to 
 deliver the address of welcome to the Governor. Master 
 Elliott spoke in a loud clear voice and in a deliberate manner, 
 so that he was heard and understood by all. He said: 
 
 Mr. J. S. "Three centuries ago it was that Henry Hudson sailed up the mag- 
 Elliott nificent river upon the banks of which was to be found the heart of 
 the nation. Little he knew of the possibilities which lay in the green 
 slope and behind the wooded hills which all but hid in hazy gloom the 
 distant Catskills. On the i6th of September, 1609, he reached what 
 is now our own village of Catskill. Then it consisted of a few Indian 
 wigwams, the tops of which could be seen here and there among 
 the trees. Their inmates, astonished and bewildered, put forth in 
 their frail canoes to inspect the awe-inspiring monster which had 
 intruded into their simple lives. But Hudson, in continuing his 
 voyage, went on up the beautiful stream in search of a passage to 
 the west, to Asia, at length casting anchor opposite the site of Albany, 
 where, on account of the shoal water, he was forced to anchor, and 
 send out a small boat to explore further. After fruitless attempts 
 to find the legendary northwest passage, the boat returned and Hudson 
 turned the prow of the Half Moon to the southward. He reached 
 the mouth of the river and immediately set sail for Europe, landing 
 in England, where he was claimed as an English citizen and forced 
 to remain there. Later, when sent on an Arctic expedition in search 
 of a passage to India, the mutinous crew placed him and a few of his 
 friends in a small boat and they abandoned them to their fate. 
 
 "Almost two centuries have passed! Great and many are the 
 changes which have been wrought in the fairyland which Hudson 
 saw! Towns have replaced the random clusters of trees, and fields 
 and orchards take the place of the unbroken landscape which greeted 
 Hudson's eye. But what were all these advances compared to the 
 Herculean stride taken by Robert Fulton with his little steamboat, 
 the Clermont. Late in the summer of 1807, Fulton, amid the jeers 
 of the spectators, started the paddles of his awkward little craft, 
 
Catskill Ceremonies 991 
 
 and in thirty-two hours reached Albany, thereby emancipating the Mr. J. S. 
 world ever after from dependence upon the fickle wind. Fulton's ° 
 work was one of the greatest contributions towards civilization which 
 has ever fallen to the lot of a single human being to make. Bid the 
 wheels of industry to cease, the engines of commerce to stop. Cannot 
 one day be set aside in honor of those two great men ? Yes. To-day 
 is the third centennial of Hudson's initial trip up our beautiful river, 
 and is therefore set aside in honor of his and Fulton's great deeds. 
 
 "New discoveries are made each year; new inventions and new 
 methods continually come to the front, but Hudson and Fulton, upon 
 whose work is based the foundation of this State — yes, even of this 
 nation — should they be forgotten ? The answer rests with you. 
 It is in honor of these two great makers of history — history with 
 which our forefathers are closely associated — that we welcome to 
 Catskill to-day the Honorable Charles E. Hughes, the thirty-sixth 
 Governor of New York State, whose integrity and wisdom have been 
 shown in the legislative measures which have done so much for the 
 prosperity of our State. 
 
 "It is my great pleasure to introduce to you the Governor of New 
 York State." 
 
 GOVERNOR CHARLES E.HUGHES: "In every community Governor 
 that I visit in connection with this Celebration, there is some unique Hughes 
 feature. It has been reserved for Catskill to have upon this important 
 occasion an excellent and appropriate address from one who represents 
 the young men of the country. I congratulate you upon this happy 
 thought. Whatever we may think of the importance of Hudson's 
 voyage or of the invention of Fulton, however much we may prize the 
 progress of the centuries, the future of this great nation depends upon 
 the integrityand the patriotism of its youth. One object of this Celebra- 
 tion is to stimulate the patriotic pride of our people; to bring to the 
 attention of our young men and women, of our boys and girls, the inter- 
 esting history of the country. It is the desire of all that as a result of 
 the Celebration, the leading events in our history should be better 
 known; the struggles of the early days better appreciated; and that 
 we may be equipped to meet the exigencies of the present and to solve 
 the problems of the future. 
 
 "Catskill has never had a more beautiful day, and the waters of 
 Catskill have never presented a finer spectacle. As we came to 
 
992 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor the shore, we saw the half moon in the Heavens, the Dutch Half 
 Hughes Moon was in the river, Henry Hudson and his crew had come 
 down from their legendary abode in the Catskill Mountains and 
 once more manned the old vessel. They are to be taken by the 
 hospitable people of Catskill back to their haunts this afternoon 
 to resume their sport. Those who are representing Henry Hudson 
 and his crew, coming from the country to which we are so closely 
 related, visit this particular spot so close to the beautiful hills with 
 especial interest. We recognize the appropriateness of the gift 
 of this vessel, and we render our thanks to the generous people of 
 the Netherlands who have sent it to us with their message of good 
 will upon this occasion. We welcome Lieutenant Lam in charge of 
 the Half Moon and we hope he will remain in these mountains as 
 long as Henry Hudson has remained. We would be glad to have 
 him make his home with us. Around the old Half Moon, or the 
 representation of the old Half Moon in yonder river, are clustered 
 canoes filled with Indians. I do not know what they are taking to 
 the Half Moon, whether it is corn, or maize or Catskill brick. I 
 hope it is brick. And I do not know what they are getting from the 
 Half Moon. I hope it is not fire water. 
 
 "The story tells us that it was at this spot that the natives whom 
 Henry Hudson met, gathered about his ship and came aboard and 
 that he treated them to the inspiring liquid of the Old World. It was 
 indeed regrettable that he should have done that, albeit his motive 
 was to test their sincerity; but we must judge him by the standards 
 of his day. He meant no harm. Henry Hudson was a man who 
 desired peace and good will. He was a victim of one of the most 
 awful tragedies we have known in history; and only a short time after 
 his discovery here, and after he had discovered the great sea that 
 bears his name, he was left alone to die unhonored in the frozen 
 north. We may well to-day take account, as we look at his little 
 vessel, of his intrepidity and fortitude. He braved perils of the sea 
 that cannot be known by those who voyage with the equipment of 
 recent days. 
 
 "Hard by the Half Moon lies the Clermont, with Robert Fulton 
 on board. He has just come from Chancellor Livingston's house and 
 I believe that his engagement to the young lady who accompanies 
 him has been announced. He has succeeded in proving that the 
 
Catskill Ceremonies 993 
 
 Hudson can be successfully navigated by steam power. He has Governor 
 accomplished the great object of his life and has been rewarded "^ ®^ 
 with the hand of this charming young lady, who I am sure would 
 have married him if the Clermont had not moved an inch. 
 
 "The Hudson is a stream of beauty from its source to its mouth. 
 I have been by the little lake on the side of Mount Marcy where it 
 takes its rise. From that beautiful forest country it flows a narrow 
 stream, plunges precipitously over the rocks of the Glen, and passes 
 in a broad sweep under the shadow of the Catskill Mountains. We 
 have here in the northern portions of the Hudson Valley one of the 
 most charming of Hudson scenes. We of course praise the High- 
 lands to the south, and they have a beauty unrivalled in the world. 
 Below are the cliffs of the Palisades stretching for miles in an impos- 
 ing ridge. But I love the Catskill Mountains. I have enjoyed 
 happy summer days amid the hospitable people of this favored 
 county, and I congratulate New York City that here, close at its 
 door, are the riches of hill and valley readily accessible and used and 
 enjoyed by thousands of our people. It is fortunate that these 
 mountains form a part, to a large extent, of our Forest Preserve. 
 I hope that the people all along the Hudson, appreciative of its 
 beauty and of its possibilities in the future, will resolve that this 
 stream shall be kept pure and that these Highland treasures shall 
 be preserved for the coming generations. 
 
 "And now, we are here to have a thoroughly good time, and 
 as I look into the happy faces of the good people of Catskill, 
 I know that you are going to enjoy yourselves this day, so rich in 
 memories, to the fullest degree. All I have to say is that those 
 whom you have chosen to represent you in preparing for this anniver- 
 sary have done their work well. They deserve credit and gratitude 
 for their days of anxiety and toil in attending to the countless details 
 which make the Celebration possible. I rejoice with you that Henry 
 Hudson and Fulton have arrived, and in the persons of these worthy 
 representatives are to enjoy the day with us. And recalling the past 
 with gratitude, we look to the future not only for a continuance of 
 the charm of the Hudson Valley, but for increasing prosperity for 
 all the residents of the favored communities along the extent of 
 this river." 
 
 63 
 
994 '^he Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Street Immediately after the Governor's address, the guests were 
 
 taken to luncheon, the Governor being the guest of Commis- 
 sioner and Mrs. James P. Philip, at their residence. Cedar 
 Grove. The crowds began to disperse for luncheon, and the 
 different organizations started to prepare for the parade. At 
 1. 15 a blast from the fire whistle announced that the divisions 
 should form at their headquarters. At 1.30 a second blast 
 announced the time for the divisions to leave their head- 
 quarters to march to the points where they entered the 
 parade, and at 2 P. M. a third blast was sounded, and the 
 parade started. The formation was as follows : 
 
 First Division 
 
 Major A. Saulpaugh, Jr., Grand Marshal, and Staff. 
 
 loth Regiment Band. 
 
 Third Battalion loth Regiment. 
 
 Co. K, Poughkeepsie. 
 
 Co. M, Kingston. 
 
 Co. E, Catskill. 
 
 East Stroudsburg Band. 
 
 Morris Guards, Atlantic City, N. J. 
 
 Second Division 
 
 Michael Glennon, Marshal, and Aides. 
 
 Hudson City Band. 
 
 Chief and Assistants, C. F. D., Visiring Chiefs and Assistants. 
 
 G. H. Scott Hook and Ladder Co., Coisackie. 
 
 D. M. Hamilton Steamer Co., Coxsackie. 
 
 Coxsackie Hose Co. No. 3. 
 D. W. Morgan Hose Co. No. 4, Coxsackie. 
 A. M. Osborn Hose Co. No. 2, Catskill. 
 
 Third Division 
 
 Henry Haner, Marshal, and Aides. 
 
 Prattsville Band. 
 
 Hunter Hose Co. 
 
 Jacob Fromer Hose Co., Tannersville. 
 
 [unior Hose Co., Tannersville. 
 
 Citizens Hook and Ladder Co., Tannersville. 
 
 Pruyn Drum Corps, Catskill. 
 
 Hose Co. No. I, Catskill. 
 
 Fourth Division 
 
 Harold Conklin, Marshal, and Aides. 
 
 Ashland Band. 
 
 Cornell Hook and Ladder Co., New Baltimore. 
 
Catskill Ceremonies 995 
 
 Laflin Hose Co., Saugerties. 
 
 Street 
 
 Windham Fire Co. Parade 
 
 Francis N. Wilson Fire Co., Catskill. 
 
 Fifth Division 
 Thomas J. Riley, Marshal, and Aides. 
 
 Athens Band. 
 
 Rescue Hook and Ladder Co., Athens. 
 
 W. H. Morton Steamer Co., Athens. 
 
 Makawomuc Engine Co., Athens. 
 
 Hensonville Band. 
 Citizens' Hose Co., No. 5, Catskill. 
 
 Sixth Division 
 
 John G. Wince, Marshal, and Aides. 
 
 John W. Watson Post, G. A. R., Catskill. 
 
 HoUister Post, G. A. R., Coxsackie. 
 
 Catskill Band. 
 
 Athabasca Tribe, No. 251, 1. O. R. M. 
 
 Floats. 
 
 Carriages. 
 
 All along the line of march the companies were cheered 
 enthusiastically. All the organizations looked well and marched 
 well. Thecompanies of the Tenth Regiment excited admiration 
 for their fine carriage, and the Morris Guards were resplendent 
 in their full-dress uniforms. The Greene County fire organiza- 
 tions never paraded better. Especially fine in appearance 
 was the newly organized Windham fire company. Assembly- 
 man Brady and his Athens company were cheered repeatedly 
 all along the line. As for the local companies, they cannot be 
 beaten for fine appearance on parade, and on this day they were 
 at their best. The Red Men in their uniforms were very 
 picturesque. Their marshals were dressed to represent cow- 
 boys, and they marched with stolid features and in true Indian 
 style. The veterans of Hollister Post, Coxsackie, and Watson 
 Post, Catskill, brought up the rear in carriages. 
 
 After the parade, a reception to the Governor was given at 
 the armory. The companies of the Tenth Regiment were 
 drawn up in a double line, at the end of which stood the Gover- 
 nor and his staff. People passed through this line, shook 
 
996 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 hands with Governor Hughes, and passed out of the armory. 
 
 In the gallery, seats had been reserved for prominent citizens. 
 
 Rip Van During the afternoon, the officers and crevi^ of the Half 
 
 Winkle*s 
 
 Abode Moon, the officers and party from the Clermont, and the officers 
 of the flotilla were taken by special train up the mountain to 
 the haunts of Rip van Winkle and the legendary abode of 
 Hudson's phantom crew, where they heard Irving's famous 
 story told in Dutch and English for their edification and where 
 were pointed out the places in which the various legendary 
 events are reputed to have occurred. 
 
 Fire- In the evening a display of fireworks was given on the 
 
 "^""^^ grounds of Mr. F. N. DuBois, on the west side of Catskill 
 Creek. A large crowd gathered all along the Long Dock and 
 at other points of vantage to see the pyrotechnics. Beginning 
 at 7 o'clock, bombs were discharged for an hour, and then the 
 display began. The set pieces, including representations of 
 Robert Fulton, Henry Hudson, the Half Moon, the Clermont, 
 Niagara Falls, the American Flag and Good Night, were very 
 beautiful, and the aerial pieces excelled expectations. The 
 display lasted for about an hour and a half, amid the cheers 
 of the people and the blowing of whistles on the boats gathered 
 in the creek. 
 
 Military The grand finale of the occasion was the military ball at the 
 armory in the evening. Company E was the host of Company 
 M, of Kingston, Company K, of Poughkeepsie, and the Morris 
 Guards, of Atlantic City. The Tenth Regiment band furnished 
 the music. A large number was present, including the crew 
 of the Half Moon and the officers of the naval vessels anchored 
 in Catskill Harbor. The armory was beatuifully decorated 
 with the Hudson-Fulton colors and with American flags and 
 bunting. Dancing was indulged in till a late hour, and all 
 who were present enjoyed themselves to the utmost. 
 
CHAPTER LVI 
 HUDSON CITY CEREMONIES 
 
 IN Chapter LI we have already referred to the pioneer Com- 
 work of Mayor Henry Hudson, of the City of Hudson, in 'O'^^es 
 organizing the Celebration along the Upper Hudson River. 
 The local celebration was under the direction of an Executive 
 Committee consisting of Hon. James C. Armstrong, Hon. J. 
 Rider Cady, Mr. F. J. Collier, Hon. Henry Hudson and Mr. 
 William Wortman, Commissioners; and Messrs. Alfred Bruce 
 Chace, Samuel B. Coffin, Charles Esselstyn, Arthur GifFord 
 and B. Frank Parker, Aides. Mr. Hudson was Chairman 
 until he was succeeded in the office of Mayor by Mr. Armstong, 
 when Mr. Armstrong became Chairman. Mr. Wortman was 
 Secretary. Collaborating with the Executive Committee were 
 seventeen other Committees with the following named 
 Chairmen: 
 
 Auxiliary Banquet Committee, Mr. William J. Phillips. 
 Banquet Committee, Mr. DuBois Collier. 
 Badges and Souvenirs Committee, Mr. Morgan A. Jones. 
 Concessions Committee, Mr. A. Frank Bogardus. 
 Illuminations Committee, Mr. Robert P. Leavitt. 
 Invitations Committee, Mr. Edmo Charles Getty. 
 Law Committee, Mr. John V. Whitbeck, Jr. 
 Music Committee, Mr. Edwin C. Rowley. 
 Old Home Committee, Mr. Robert W. Evans. 
 Press and Publicity Committee, Mr. Edward F. McCormick 
 Public Health and Safety Committee, Dr. C. P. Cook. 
 Reception Committee, Hon. James C. Armstrong. 
 Religious Ceremonies Committee, Rev. George C. Yeisley, D.D. 
 School Children's Festivals and Lectures Committee, Mr. James McShane. 
 Street Decorations and Reviewing Stand Committee, Mr. Silas R. Peake. 
 Transponation Committee, Mr. William Kritzman. 
 Women's Reception Committee, Mrs. F. J. Collier. 
 997 
 
998 The Hudson- Fulton Celebration 
 
 Public Every precaution was taken to provide for the safety and 
 
 comfort of the crowds. Extra police patroled the city; church 
 parlors were opened so that women and children could rest in 
 them; physicians were at police headquarters during the entire 
 day of the great parade ready to answer emergency calls; and 
 everything else that could be thought of was provided for. 
 
 Decora- fhe beginning of Celebration week found the city gay with 
 decorations. Flags and streamers ornamented public and 
 private buildings in great profusion, and additional electric 
 lights made the streets brilliant at night. 
 
 Religious Y\\e first large function was the union religious service 
 held at the armory on Sunday evening, October 3. It was a 
 wonderful service. Seventeen hundred persons were seated, 
 and over 500 stood during the entire exercises. Nearly a 
 thousand more were unable to gain admission. The armory was 
 beautifully decorated with flags and the Hudson-Fulton colors. 
 Two stages had been built for the occasion. One was filled by 
 the Hudson-Fulton chorus and orchestra and the other was 
 occupied by the clergymen of the city and the Commissioners, 
 Aides and the Rev. Dr. Newell Dwight Hillis, pastor of the 
 Plymouth Church, Brooklyn. Such a gathering had never been 
 seen in Hudson before. All religious denominations were 
 represented in the audience. 
 
 The Rev. George C- Yeisley, D.D., presided. The program 
 opened with a rendition of the Thirteenth Psalm by the full 
 chorus and orchestra under the direction of Mr. E. C. Rowley. 
 Other features of the music of the evening were "The Message 
 of Fulton, " set to music by Mr. Rowley, and sung for the first 
 time, and Gustav A. Rapp's march, "The Discoverer." The 
 exercises included the offering of prayer by Rev. Leonard F. 
 Requa, Rev. G. A. MacDonald and Rev. Charles Park, the 
 reading of the Scriptures by Rev. Charles L. Adams, the read- 
 ing of "The Message of Fulton," by Rev. G. Delbert Walker, 
 the address of the evening by Dr. Hillis, and the benediction by 
 
Hudson City Ceremonies 999 
 
 Rev. Paul W. Koller. Dr. Hillis* text was the 44th verse of 
 Ecclesiasticus: "Let us now praise famous men, and the 
 fathers who begat us." 
 
 Monday, October 4, was the field day of the public school School 
 children who, to the number of 1,200, paraded the streets and^jges 
 held exercises in the armory. The children marched two by 
 two, carrying American flags, and were viewed by hundreds 
 of spectators lining the streets through which they passed. 
 Outside of the armory, a vast crowd, utterly beyond the holding 
 capacity of the great drill hall, gathered to witness the arrival 
 of the procession. The drill hall was beautifully decorated with 
 American flags and the Hudson-Fulton colors. On a platform 
 at the side of the armory was the band, while on the stage were 
 the officials of the school, the clergy and a few invited guests. 
 The program opened with music by the Hudson Band, followed 
 by the salute to the flag by the scholars. Following the salute, 
 the children sang "America" and waved their flags during the 
 chorus. The Divine blessing was invoked by the Rev. James L. 
 Walsh, and after the singing of another chorus, "Columbia, the 
 Gem of the Ocean," Mr. James McShane, of the Board of Educa- 
 tion, introduced the Rev. S. Parks Cadman, of Brooklyn, the 
 speaker of the day. After Mr. Cadman's address, "The Star 
 Spangled Banner" was sung, after which the pupils marched 
 out of the armory while the band played. 
 
 Tuesday, October 5, was something like an intermission in inter- 
 a great play, during which the audience rested, but did not lose 
 interest, while the actors prepared for the remaining acts. On 
 this day, the members of the Commission, their aides and all 
 committees met for final conference. 
 
 On Wednesday, October 6, there was a great influx of visi- 
 tors, not only for the illumination and street carnival in the 
 evening, but also in anticipation of the culminating events 
 of Thursday. 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Arrival 
 of Fleet 
 
 Street 
 Parade 
 
 About 4 o'clock Wednesday afternoon the barges bearing 
 the historical floats from New York arrived and were moored at 
 the dock of the New York and Hudson Steamboat Company, 
 and during the evening, under the illumination of flaring torches 
 and in the presence of an enormous crowd of spectators, the floats 
 were landed. As soon as dusk fell, the streets became aglow 
 with incandescent lights stretched from pole to pole and with 
 the electrical illuminations of the banks, public buildings and 
 many private residences and stores. From early in the evening 
 till well along towards midnight there was a continual stream 
 of humanity going up and down the thoroughfares, and in the 
 good-natured revelry strangers and acquaintances alike were 
 assailed by balls of confetti or jets of eau de cologne, while 
 horns were blown and noise made in every conceivable manner. 
 It was a carnival crowd in everything except the costumes. 
 Everybody was living over childhood days and contributing 
 to the fun. It was undoubtedly one of the best natured crowds 
 that ever walked the streets of Hudson. 
 
 On Thursday, October 7, the principal day of the Celebra- 
 tion, the streets of the city were filled with immense throngs. 
 At 9 A. M. the steamboat Onteora, bearing the local officials, a 
 detachment of soldiers from West Point and several hundred 
 citizens started down the river to meet the Half Moon, Cler- 
 mont and escorting fleet of torpedo boats, revenue cutters and 
 pleasure craft. The Clermont, which left Catskill at 9.12 a. m., 
 had on board among other guests the wife of Governor Hughes. 
 When the fleet anchored at Hudson and the guests disembarked, 
 the soldiers on the Onteora fired a salute which was echoed by 
 die noisy clamor of steam whistles and bells on land and water. 
 The Clermont anchored off" the Bluff", astern of the Half Moon, 
 just north of the Day Line dock. 
 
 While the official guests were being received, the procession 
 was forming on Allen and adjacent streets. About 11 o'clock 
 the procession moved in the following order: 
 
Hudson City Ceremonies 
 
 Grand Marshal Malcolm Gilford and Staff. Street 
 
 Parade 
 
 Pint Division 
 
 Captain Frank \V. Ketner, Chief, and Aides. 
 
 Hudson Band. 
 
 West Point Saluting Squad. 
 
 United States Sailors. 
 
 Company F, loth Regiment, N. G., N. Y. 
 
 Governor, Staff and Special Guests in carriages. 
 
 Schofield's list Regiment Band. 
 
 Blithewood Light Infantry, with Drum, File and Bugle Corps. 
 
 Float, Title Car, "New York State." 
 
 Float, Title Car, "Indian Period." 
 
 Float, "Legend of Hiawatha." 
 
 Float, "The Five Nations." 
 
 Float, "The First Sachem." 
 
 Second Division 
 
 Lieutenant Albert S. Callan, Chief, and Aides. 
 
 Attanasio's Band. 
 
 Chief Engineer and Assistants of Fire Department. 
 
 Edmunds' Hose Co. No. i. 
 
 H. W. Rogers' Hose Co. No. 2. 
 
 Washington Hose Co. No. 3. 
 
 Twenty-Third Separate Co. Drum Corps. 
 
 Float, Title Car, "Dutch Period." 
 
 Float, "Half Moon," manned by Hudson Lodge No. 787, B. P. O. E. 
 
 Float, "Fate of Henry Hudson," manned by Hudson Lodge, No. 7, F. and A. M. 
 
 Float, "Reception of Stuyvesant," manned by Hendrick Hudson Tent No. 577, K. O. T. M. 
 
 Float, "Bowling on Bowling Green," manned by Security Council No. 154 and Hudson City 
 
 Council No. 1 221, Royal Arcanum. 
 
 Float, "Niew Amsterdam Becomes New York," manned by Mt. Merino Lodge of Knights and 
 
 Ladies of Honor, No. 977. 
 
 Third Division. 
 
 Edwin M. Cadman, Chief, and Aides. 
 
 Manhattan Band. 
 
 C. H. Evans Hook and Ladder Co. No. 3. 
 
 Phoenix Hose Co. No. 5. 
 
 J. W. Hoysradt Hose Co. No. 8. 
 
 Float, Title Car, " Colonial Period. " 
 
 Float, "Schuyler and Indians at the Court of St. James," manned by Pastime Glee Club. 
 
 Float, "Trial of John Peter Zenger," manned by John Banim Lodge No. 83, K. of P. 
 
 Float, "Governor Dongan," manned by Knights of Columbus, Hudson Council No. 316. 
 
 Float, 'Storming of Stony Point," manned by Hudson Camp No. 3771, Modem Woodmen of 
 
 America. 
 
 Float, "Legend of Rip Van Winkle,' manned by Aquila Lodge No. 700, F. & A. M. 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Street Fourth Division 
 
 ^^^^^^ John W. Gillette, Chief, and Aides. 
 
 Rogers Drum Corps. 
 
 Columbia County Association. 
 
 Hudson Camp No. 3771, Modern Woodmen of America. 
 
 Float, "United States and Modern Period." 
 
 Float, "Fulton's Ferry," manned by I. O. O. F. 
 
 Float, "Reception of Lafayette," manned by Lafayette Commandery No. 7, Knights Templar. 
 
 Float, "Erie Canal Boat," manned by Catholic Women's Benevolent Legion. 
 
 Float, "Garibaldi," manned by St. Marie Del Monte Carmelo. 
 
 Float, "Statue of Liberty," manned by Sons of Veterans. 
 
 Float, "Father Knickerbocker Receiving," manned by Mt. Merino Chapter Eastern Star. 
 
 The parade was reviewed by the Governor, the guests of 
 honor and the Celebration officials from a stand on the north- 
 east corner of Washington Park. Everywhere along the line 
 of march and particularly in the vicinity of the reviewing stand 
 there were great throngs of people who manifested their enthusi- 
 asm by cheering and applauding various features of the parade. 
 Concerts During the afternoon and evening, concerts were given by 
 the Hudson Band at Washington Park and at Public Square; 
 by Attanasio's Italian Band on Public Square and in Washing- 
 ton Park; and by the Manhattan Band on Public Square. 
 D. A. R. About 2 P. M. the Governor and other distinguished guests 
 Lunch- yyere entertained at luncheon by Hendrick Hudson Chapter 
 
 D. A. R., of which Mrs. Frederick J. Collier is Regent. 
 D. A. R. At 4 p. M. the Hudson-Fulton Memorial Fountain, given to 
 Fountain ^j^g city by the Hendrick Hudson Chapter D. A. R., with 
 financial assistance of the Columbia County Association of 
 the City of New York and others, was dedicated in Washington 
 Park. The fountain, which was designed by Mr. H. K. 
 Bush-Brown, the sculptor, has a granite base lo feet by 7 feet, 
 a second base 6J feet by 3^ feet, surmounted by a carved shaft 
 containing bronze medallions of Hudson and Fulton, together 
 with nvo granite basins, one for the use of the public and the 
 other for small animals. It is the first public memorial erected 
 in the City of Hudson. 
 
 Mr. Frederick J. Collier presided at the exercises. After 
 
Hudson City Ceremonies 1003 
 
 the notes of the bugle had called the meeting to order, the Rev. 
 Dr. George C. Yeisley invoked the divine blessing, and "Amer- 
 ica" was sung by the Hudson-Fulton Chorus under the leader- 
 ship of Mr. H. S. Rivenburgh. 
 
 Mr. Collier then made the presentation address in the Mr. F. j. 
 following words : 
 
 "Guests, and Fellow Citizens: The Hendrick Hudson Chapter of 
 the Daughters of the American Revolution has commissioned me to 
 extend a cordial welcome on this occasion to the Chief Executive of 
 our State, to Commander Lam and his officers of the Half Moon, 
 and to the voyagers on the Clermont, to our city and county officials, 
 and to all other guests and citizens who have honored these cere- 
 monies with their presence. 
 
 "The Hudson-Fulton Celebration has already been observed for 
 nearly two weeks with rations, orations and decorations, and the end 
 is not yet. We are witnessing the greatest endurance test of the 
 country, including another demonstration of the wonderful staying 
 qualities of our distinguished Governor. 
 
 "The Half Moon and the Clermont now anchored off our shores 
 are after all only replicas of the inanimate objects, while the Governor 
 and his official escort, during this Celebration, are the reincarnation 
 of the courage of the spirits of 1609 and 1807. This is a memorable 
 occasion in the history of our city and county, and marks the con- 
 summation of the work undertaken by the Hendrick Hudson Chapter, 
 more than three years ago, for the erection at this time of a permanent 
 memorial commemorative of the discovery of the Hudson River by 
 its patron saint Hendrick Hudson. Some time after the Chapter 
 had undertaken this work, the people of the State of New York began 
 making preparations for a suitable Celebration of the discovery of 
 the Hudson River and the application of steam to navigation. It is 
 therefore most appropriate that on the day set apart for the observ- 
 ance of these events by the citizens of Columbia County the Hendrick 
 Hudson Chapter, the only historical organization in our county, 
 should participate in the exercises of the day. And the Chapter is 
 to be congratulated that through its untiring efforts it can now do so, 
 in a manner that will endure long after the pomp and pleasantry 
 of this Celebration shall have become only a delightful memory. 
 
I004 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Mr. F. J. "There is no city or county in this State so closely associated 
 Co her historically with the events we are celebrating as this City of Hudson 
 and this County of Columbia. Our city is named after the great 
 navigator and discoverer and was for many years the head of naviga- 
 tion. There is also a well-founded tradition that the City of Hudson 
 might have become the Capital of the State if it had been willing to 
 change its name to Clinton, but the Hudsonians of those days, like 
 those of the present, were not to be bribed. It is also said that our 
 city escaped by just one vote being the Capital City, notwithstanding 
 its refusal to change its name to Clinton. 
 
 "Our county contains the town of Clermont, and in that town and 
 on his estate of the same name, lived the great Chancellor Robert 
 R. Livingston, whose moral support and financial assistance made 
 the Clermont of Robert Fulton a possibility. And there resides in 
 our county to-day a grandson of Robert Fulton, Robert Fulton 
 Ludlow, and he has been present with us to-day; and his grandmother, 
 the wife of Robert Fulton, lies buried in the old cemetery at Claverack. 
 On the estate of the great Chancellor lives his great-grandson, John 
 Henry Livingston. But it is not my purpose to entertain you at 
 this time with a long discourse. Enough has been said to establish 
 the prominent position the City of Hudson occupies in this State. 
 
 "The fountain about to be unveiled is the third permanent work 
 by the Hendrick Hudson Chapter. The first was the establishment 
 of a free public library. The second was its beautiful Chapter 
 House, the gift of the late Mrs. Marcellus Hartley of New York City, 
 in which is the free reading room and museum. And to-day it presents 
 to the City of Hudson and County of Columbia this beautiful fountain, 
 which will now be unveiled by the Regent of the Hendrick Hudson 
 Chapter." 
 
 Fountain The fountain was unveiled by the Chapter's Regent and a 
 Accepted i-gpi-esentative of Columbia County Association of New York 
 City, after which Mr. Collier spoke a few words of formal 
 presentation. After another bugle call, Mayor Armstrong 
 briefly accepted the gift in behalf of the city and thanked the 
 donors; and the Hon. William A. Mallery, as Chairman of the 
 Board of Supervisors, did the same in behalf of Columbia 
 County. 
 
Hudson City Ceremonies 1005 
 
 Mr. Collier then introduced Governor Hughes, who spoke 
 as follows: 
 
 GOVERNOR HUGHES: "Mr. Collier, Madame Regent, Daugh- Governor 
 ters of the American Revolution, Fellow Citizens: I appreciate the 
 generous references of the Chairman of this meeting to the fact that 
 you have with you to-day a real live Governor; but if this Celebration 
 continues much longer, and if the hospitaHty of Hudson finds further 
 illustration, I am sure that my staying qualities will be severely 
 tested and I may share the fate of Martin Van Buren and be buried 
 in Columbia County. 
 
 "I am glad indeed to have a share in this Celebration. Having 
 been thirteen days in active service, and being entirely sure that 
 Henry Hudson explored the Hudson River and that Robert Fulton 
 applied steam to the navigation of vessels, I am prepared to take 
 part in the dedication of a worthy monument, commemorating those 
 events; and I am ready to prove against all comers that this place, 
 — this county and this city — is the most appropriate place for the 
 erection of such a memorial. It is true that this favored locality 
 was not the scene of a very early settlement, as compared with some 
 other places along the Hudson. It is true that there were others who 
 received the first zealous efforts of the Netherlanders. But the people 
 of this county went back to the discovery of the New World to get a 
 name for the county. Nothing else would content them. It did not 
 make any difference when they were discovered; this was to be 
 'Columbia.' And so with the city: The good people of this city, 
 one of the oldest cities in the State, went back to the great navigator, 
 who had given his name to the river, and in the selection of that 
 name they commemorated his voyage of discovery and exploration. 
 
 "Now, before I say anything more about this memorial, I want, on 
 your behalf, and on behalf of the people of the State of New York, to 
 extend a welcome to the Half Moon and its gallant Commander, Lieu- 
 tenant Lam. He is the Henry Hudson of our day. We won't go into 
 any question about nationality, because Henry Hudson sailed under 
 the Dutch flag, and the Dutch flag is with us to-day as an emblem 
 of generosity and good will of the Netherlanders on this day of inter- 
 national amity. Our good friends on the other side of the water 
 have equipped this vessel, so perfectly representing the ship of Henry 
 Hudson. We marvel that he should have undertaken such a voyage 
 
ioo6 The Hudson- Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor in such a craft. Why, there is hardly room in that Half Moon for 
 Hughes g decent mutiny, and yet he had mutinies all the time. I do not 
 know how they managed to mutiny in so limited a place, to say nothing 
 of making discoveries and voyages through the frozen seas. 
 
 "I am glad also to extend on your behalf a most cordial welcome 
 to Robert Fulton. He is no stranger to the people of this county. 
 It was here that he came with the steam vessel which proved the 
 success of his theory of applying steam to navigation, and surprised 
 the world. If you are sometimes a little saddened by the thought 
 that no longer is the beautiful river whitened with the sails of the 
 vessels of the olden days, and you would gladly have it once more 
 the spectacle of beauty that it must have presented when this was 
 a whaling port, remember the progress which invention has made 
 possible, and that while we may not be as picturesque as we were in 
 the days of sails, we are a great deal more comfortable. And so we 
 welcome Robert Fulton to-day and his fiancee. Miss Livingston. 
 They have now joined themselves by bonds of engagement, never to 
 be broken, and we know the happiness that has come to the great 
 inventor because of the success of his achievement. 
 
 "It is appropriate that the Daughters of the American Revolution 
 should erect this monument. I do not know whether there would 
 have been any monument to Hudson, or whether any Half 
 Moon would have sailed up these waters to-day, if there had not 
 been an American Revolution. The secret of our prosperity at this 
 time and the reason that we so greatly enjoy the commemoration of 
 these events is that here we have the progress of a free people; for of 
 these events, one aided the settlement of the country with hardy 
 and alert sons of the Old World, and the other made possible their 
 easy inter-communication and the development of a State and a 
 nation with wide scope for the institutions of liberty. The Daugh- 
 ters of the American Revolution have devoted themselves to the 
 stimulating of patriotic sentiment. By memorials, by meetings, by 
 the association of public-spirited women in various Chapters, we 
 are energizing our people and developing a more intense love of 
 country. 
 
 "I was saying that the Daughters of the American Revolution are 
 constantly developing and supporting patriotic sentiment. That is 
 the real object of this Celebration. We are gathering in this country 
 
Hudson City Ceremonies 1007 
 
 many who need better to appreciate how we have won the liberties Governor 
 which have attracted them to this land of opportunity. There are "S 
 many places in this world where celebrations create support for 
 individual power; for the strengthening of dynasties; for celebrating 
 the achievements of men who arrogate to themselves superiority over 
 their fellows. We celebrate in this country because we want to 
 strengthen the foundation of democratic institutions, and those 
 foundations are not laid simply in constitutions, important as they are. 
 These institutions are not founded simply in laws, important as they 
 are. Those foundations to be secure must rest in the sentiment of 
 a people who know what true liberty means; who know what it 
 means to be vigilant to preserve that which they have received from 
 their fathers and who desire to stimulate their children to make 
 them noble men and women, loyal to their country, and not abusers 
 of opportunity, in a country of license and disorder. 
 
 "The money that has been spent on this Celebration has not 
 been wasted. We have too few opportunities in this country to come 
 together when there are no partisan questions to be discussed, when 
 there are no individual prejudices to be incurred, when there are no 
 candidacies to be fostered; but we are all together united, emphasizing 
 our unity and sinking our differences in order that America may be 
 great because the people are inspired to justice and to appreciation 
 of the ideals of the great Republic. 
 
 "Many have looked with particular pleasure, as I have, upon 
 the interest that has been taken by the children in this Celebra- 
 tion. The future we believe to be secure because of our educational 
 opportunities, because our schools are filled with alert boys and 
 girls, because in these later days the flag is over every school house 
 and patriotic song is heard in every school room; and because emphasis 
 is constantly being placed upon the story of our great struggle and 
 the lives of the heroes who gave us the Union, and of those who have 
 preserved it. 
 
 "But we need not only to have our children inspired. We our- 
 selves must turn from the routine of our lives, from the hard chase 
 of the American dollar, to the consideration of the institutions under 
 which we live. We desire in this happy day, when we recall 
 Hudson and Fulton, to remember that daring and courage, that care 
 and experimentation and patience must ever be joined together and 
 
ioo8 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor exemplified in our work, if we are to have the fruits of the dis- 
 "^ ^^ covery and the invention fully secured. 
 
 "The Daughters of the American Revolution are devoting themselves 
 to the perpetuation of the memory of the struggle for freedom; but 
 that struggle was not over in 1783; it was not over when the Constitu- 
 tion was adopted. We are a very young country. Lieutenant Lam 
 is with us to-day hiding the feeling which naturally is in his mind, 
 that he is looking upon a good deal of youthful enthusiasm. He 
 represents an Old World, beside which we are very young — a world 
 that has seen many prominent nations rise only to fall. We are in a 
 world which has known empires which have decayed, and if we are 
 to maintain and make endure what we are celebrating to-day, the 
 struggle of '76 must be continued, and we must all realize that it 
 is not by responding to the call of fife and drum, but by being 
 straight and honorable in our private relations, intent upon standards 
 of fairness and efficiency in all governmental relations, that we shall 
 hand to our children these institutions in all their integrity, and that 
 on coming anniversary days of this Celebration there may be those 
 still more fortunate than we to give tribute to the name of Hudson, 
 to the name of Fulton, and to all the long line of heroes, their worthy 
 successors, who have given us and preserved for us our nation and 
 our flag." 
 
 Other After a piece of music entitled "Hands Across the Sea," the 
 
 pea ers (^j-,^jj.^^p, presented Lieutenant Lam, impersonating Henry 
 Hudson as Captain of the Half Moon, and the audience 
 uncovered in his honor. 
 
 The Chairman then introduced Mr. H. K. Bush-Brovv^n, the 
 designer of the fountain, who spoke upon the duty and the 
 desirability of caring for the beauty of cities. 
 
 The exercises closed w^ith the singing of "The Star Spangled 
 
 Banner." 
 
 Official On Thursday evening, October 7, the finest banquet ever 
 
 Banquet g|ven in Hudson was tendered to Governor Hughes, his staff, 
 
 the crews of the Half Moon and the Clermont and the guests, 
 
 in the Hudson Theatre. Covers were laid for 300 people. 
 
 The Rev. James L. Walsh, pastor of St. Mary's Church, 
 
Hudson City Ceremonies 1009 
 
 asked the Divine blessing on the honored guests and the 
 assemblage. 
 
 Mayor Armstrong opened the after-dinner exercises by 
 welcoming the guests and after a brief speech introduced Mr. 
 Charles Esselstyn, the toastmaster. 
 
 Mr. Esselstyn, after welcoming those who had come from 
 all parts of the country and from foreign nations to attend this 
 festival, asked the company to rise and drink to the health of 
 the Queen of the Netherlands. The toast having been drunk, 
 the toastmaster proposed "The Empire State and Charles E. 
 Hughes. " 
 
 Governor Hughes responded as follows: 
 
 GOVERNOR HUGHES: "Mr. Toastmaster, Mr. Mayor, Dis- Governor 
 tinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen: This is the longest trip ^"Slies 
 from New York to Albany that I have ever made. I started on 
 Monday morning, and by God's grace I shall be home to-night. 
 It may seem to you that there have been isolated cases of festivity at 
 different towns and cities along this river, but for me the Hudson has 
 been one continuous feast and performance. We had New York at 
 the head of the table. Then we had Yonkers and Newburgh anJ 
 Poughkeepsie and Kingston and Catskili, and now Columbia, the 
 'Gem of the Hudson' to-night. If Henry Hudson had witnessed such 
 a spectacle as this I do not think Albany would ever have been dis- 
 covered. I learned a few moments ago a most interesting fact. I 
 understand that the first race between steamboats took place right 
 here. You know how interested I am in racing! It seems that there 
 was a great, good and skillful navigator or boat builder by the name of 
 Elihu Bunker, who bunked in Hudson. It is credibly reported to 
 me by Robert Fulton that he devised the first ship-shape steamboat; 
 and our men-of-war are now cruising over the spot of that great 
 race where, to the discredit of the Clermont, it appears that she forced 
 her rival into the grass. 
 
 "We are celebrating three hundred years ago, but Hudson (town) 
 
 did not come into being until one hundred and seventy-five of those 
 
 years had passed. They were very important years of pioneer work 
 
 and early settlement. They were the years that saw the different 
 
 64 
 
loio The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor lines of influence extended to this continent which brought the develop- 
 Hughes jYient of the thirteen colonies. Some time before Hudson was estab- 
 lished, the great conflict had taken place which determined whether 
 French or English influence should prevail. This great highway was 
 first the scene of the Indian travel and of the rivalry between the 
 Iroquois and Algonquins. The Dutch, settling here, despite certain 
 lamentable and unnecessary conflicts, dealt on the whole very fairly 
 with the Indans. The other settlers then came and by their fusion 
 formed a commonwealth which dealt so well with the Indians that they 
 constituted a barrier on the north which favored the development of 
 the colonies to the southward. Perhaps it is not too much to say that 
 it was through that influence that the English finally succeeded in 
 establishing their power; and then there came a little later the conflict 
 in which Dutch love of liberty, and those representative institu- 
 tions and that independent sentiment which have made America the 
 exponent of the best in England, were victorious here, and the war 
 of independence was brought to a successful conclusion. The State 
 of New York was established and the Constitution adopted at 
 Kingston. But that war of independence was fought to a finish 
 and a treaty of peace had been signed before the town of Hudson 
 came into being. 
 
 "Now, you might say that was a favored time for the establishment 
 of this settlement. On the contrary, the most perilous years in our 
 history were those which succeeded the termination of that great 
 struggle. Then it seemed for a time as though all that conflict and 
 sacrifice had been'for naught, and as the historian has well expressed 
 it, we were drifting to anarchy. I do not remember the exact year 
 when Hudson was settled, but I think it was about 1784. A peaceful 
 company came here, looked upon this delightful spot and established 
 a settlement devoted to quiet and retirement, where the sect known as 
 the Q'lakers could have a retreat far from annoyance. But it was a 
 time when the fate of the new commonwealths was in the balance, 
 and it would have required but very little to have destroyed the 
 benefit of the victory of Washington. 
 
 "So, while we are looking back three hundred years, the city of 
 Hudson comprises in its history that portion of the period which has 
 witnessed the development of that sense of unity upon which depend 
 our prosperity and national greatness. We have to-day a Union which 
 
Hudson City Ceremonies 
 
 is more deeply rooted in the affection of the people than any throne on Governor 
 earth. I wish you could have traveled with me this summer from the ^ 
 Atlantic to the Pacific, and have had, as many of you doubtless have 
 had, the opportunity of coming into close contact with our people in 
 different States of the Union. There are some who dwell upon the 
 supposed antagonisms between the interests of the West and those of 
 the East. But the sentiment of unity dominates all such conflicts. 
 The men of light and reason in the West are appreciative of the true 
 interests of the East and far-sighted men of the East are sympathetic 
 with the independence and enterprise of the West. 
 
 "We had to face another crisis in the middle of the last century, 
 when this county and the other counties along this river as well as 
 the other communities in the State, gave their best blood for the 
 salvation of the Union. Now, we have passed all that. If you can 
 make any prediction with regard to the future, with respect to any- 
 thing under Heaven, you can safely predict that there is no danger 
 of disunion or division in these United States. 
 
 "If we wished further grounds for congratulation, we should find 
 them in the disposition of our people more largely to realize the 
 advantages of this unity, and to appreciate more sincerely the 
 great opportunities which it confers. If we were a materialistic 
 people, if we were entirely intent upon erecting little citadels 
 where we might be secure from attack or might sally forth 
 as the robber bands of the middle ages, to prey upon commerce, 
 then we would not find in discovery or in invention or in unity 
 any just ground for congratulation. But the more prosperous the 
 American people become the more desirous they are to lift up the 
 unfortunate and to have true democratic sentiment prevail. This 
 is shown in the wealth of the opportunity that is afforded for edu- 
 cation, in the multiplication of all sorts of philanthropic activity. In 
 every direction we see a genuine desire on the part of the average 
 American citizen not to succeed for himself alone, but by his success 
 to contribute in some way to a raising of the general average of 
 happiness and contentment in the community. 
 
 "New York, this favored Hudson Valley with the great metropolis 
 at the mouth and these prosperous cities along the shore of this 
 majestic river, is a place full of warm-hearted men and women, just as 
 warm-hearted and neighborly as are any people under Heaven, east 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor or west. If we want our Western friends to understand that, we must 
 *' ^^ fully appreciate it ourselves. Of course, our difficulties in showing it 
 are great. We have such a composite population and there are so 
 many different places and interests represented that it is almost 
 impossible to have any adequate representation of the senti- 
 ment of the whole. It is the size of the State, the enormous 
 population of the State, the varied forces which make for the 
 greatness of the State, that render it almost impossible to express 
 the sentiment of the State and the real enthusiasm of the State. When 
 you get close to the people, though, when you have the opportunity 
 to go from community to community and understand what is in the 
 minds and hearts of the people who are working in their different 
 groups and under their different banners, then you understand. 
 
 "Now, I speak for the State of New York, because I have been 
 making it a business for a little over two years and a half to under- 
 stand the State of New York. And I think I do understand the people 
 of the State of New York. We are in a favored part of the 
 country, a part of the country in which it is most necessary 
 that account of stock should be taken every once in a while. If 
 we can honestly, after a true appraisal, say that after a lapse 
 of one hundred and twenty-five years from the end of the war 
 of independence, we are intensely democratic and believe in the 
 rights of man as man, and are zealous for the maintenance of Ameri- 
 can opportunity, and American manhood, uncorrupted, free and inde- 
 pendent, and American government, honest, impartial and efficient, 
 then we can take just pride in this Celebration. 
 
 "Now, I thoroughly believe in my heart that that is true. And I 
 trust that we all believe it to be true, and work on the hypothesis 
 that it is true, with confidence in our fellow man, with belief in the 
 people at large. I don't take any stock whatever in the belief in 
 some of the people, or a favored few. Rather must we rely upon 
 the good judgment of all the people, having free and fair course 
 under democratic institutions. 
 
 "We have had a good time this week and last week, but we are now 
 almost at the end. We are looking it over and the shrewd and the 
 skeptical are saying under their breaths, has it been worth while ? I 
 say to you, my friends, it has been worth while, and we are altogether in 
 this great State of New York better equipped for our duties as citizens, 
 
Hudson City Ceremonies 1013 
 
 knowing more of the glorious past, more confident of the future, than Governor 
 we would have been if we had not worked so hard to give an ""S es 
 adequate representation of our joy in our progress. 
 
 "And now, fellow citizens of Hudson, you may think that this 
 is a relatively small community in the State. There is no man so 
 humble but that he can make a contribution to society by being 
 decent and well ordered. There is no community or city so small 
 but that it can make a fine contribution to the State by showing its 
 public spirit. This is by no means the smallest of the favored 
 children of the Empire State. This is a city of great opportunity. 
 Your Mayor tells me that you have added about two thousand to 
 your population in the last year or so. New industries are springing 
 up and the future is bright. But every community, be it great or 
 small, can best make its contribution to the life of the State by 
 attending to its own lot and development in a way which will be an 
 exemplar to its neighbors, and a shame to all who corrupt American 
 institutions. 
 
 "Good night to Hudson." 
 
 THE TOASTMASTER : " My friends, I wish, before we close, that Mr. Chas. 
 you would all stand up and give three cheers for the Governor." Esselstyn 
 
 Three cheers were given for Governor Hughes. 
 
 THE TOASTMASTER: "This morning, coming up on the boat, 
 one of our visitors on commenting on the weather said: ' It's an 
 old saying, that God loves the Irish, but from what I have seen of 
 the weather here to-day, I think He must love the Dutch.' Hudson 
 loves the Dutch, and to-night we are honored by the presence of a 
 distinguished gentleman from Holland. It gives me great pleasure 
 to present to you Lieutenant Lam, of the Half Moon." 
 
 LIEUTENANT LAM: "Ladies and Gentlemen: About three Lieut, 
 hundred years ago the Half Moon arrived in Hudson on a voyage, wiUiam 
 and the trouble she had is so well known that I need not mention 
 anything about it. It was on its way to the East Indies. The real 
 Half Moon was sent by the Amsterdam Chamber of Commerce — 
 as you call it — the East India Company, and tried to find a.way to 
 the East Indies. After trying to find a passage on the northeast, 
 Hudson was stopped by the ice, and found the beautiful river that 
 now bears his name. The first meeting with the Indians was not 
 
IOI4 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 very successful, but further up the river, near the high mountains 
 of Catskill, the Indians were more peaceful, and brought him water 
 and fruit and corn and good will. 
 
 "The replica of the Half Moon has been received very kindly and 
 in a hospitable way in every city along the river. It is quite impos- 
 sible to express the kindness of her reception. Everyone has the 
 same interest in the country and the same courtesy and good will. 
 We are very grateful for the kind reception, because it shows that 
 Holland is still a well-known country — known as it was three 
 hundred years ago, as a hospitable land of liberty for everyone. 
 The Half Moon is destined to remain in New York, but the Dutch 
 people in a few days will read in the newspapers about all the con- 
 sideration shown them, and be proud when they read it. 
 
 "I hope that the Half Moon may strengthen the ties between 
 Old Holland and America in the future." 
 
 ^"^ On Friday morning, October 8, the Half Moon, Clermont and 
 
 escorting flotilla departed for Albany, and Friday and Saturday 
 were devoted to "old home reunions." On Saturday evening 
 the Celebration concluded with a display of fireworks at the 
 fair grounds. The Pain Manufacturing Company, which 
 contracted to give this display, failed to carry out the program as 
 arranged, the set pieces contracted for being omitted, and the 
 beacon fire which was to have been given on Mount Ray being 
 a failure. With this exception, the Celebration in Hudson was 
 a distinguished success from beginning to end. 
 
CHAPTER LVII 
 ALBANY CEREMONIES 
 
 THREE important historical facts joined to inspire the 
 interest and enthusiasm of the people of Albany in their 
 commemoration of the Hudson-Fulton anniversaries. 
 
 First, the "farthest north" of the original Half Moon in thejxical 
 Hudson River was within the present city limits of Albany, as History 
 attested by Van Meteren, who had access to Hudson's own 
 journal, and who places the Half Moon's northermost anchor- 
 age in latitude 42° 40'. 
 
 Second, Fort Orange, later Albany, was the first permanent 
 settlement by Europeans in the State of New York, ante-dating 
 New Amsterdam as a permanent settlement by two years, 
 although both places were used intermittently as trading 
 stations several years previously. 
 
 Third, Albany was the northern terminus of Fulton's voyage 
 with the Clermont. 
 
 The nucleus of the Celebration organization was formed by Com- 
 the members of the Commission residing in Albany, namely, ™' ^*^ 
 the late Hon. Charles H. Gaus, formerly Mayor of the city, and 
 later Comptroller of the State; the Hon. Henry F. Snyder, who 
 succeeded Mr. Gaus as Mayor January i, 1909, and who is 
 now Postmaster of Albany; Hon. Arthur L. Andrews, Mr. 
 Charles H. Armatage, Hon. Andrew S. Draper, Hon. David B. 
 Hill, Mr. Michael Holloran, Mr. Walter L. Hutchins, Mr. William 
 B. Jones, Mr. David M. Kinnear, Mr. Patrick E. McCabe, 
 Hon. Henry J. McCann, Mr. Donald McDonald, Mr. Frank 
 B. Reese, Mr. William B. Van Rensselaer and Dr. Samuel B. 
 Ward. During the months of most active preparation, Mayor 
 Snyder was Chairman, Mr. David M. Kinnear Secretary, and 
 lois 
 
ioi6 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 mittees 
 
 Com- Mr. Walter L. Hutchins, Assistant Secretary of the Executive 
 Committee. Twenty-eight different committees enlisted the 
 cooperation of about a thousand prominent citizens. The 
 titles of the committees and the names of the Chairmen 
 follow : 
 
 Executive Committee, Hon. Henry F. Snyder. 
 All Nations Committee, Mr. Emit C. Rosche. 
 Aquatic Sports Committee, Mr. Matt McCarthy. 
 Automobile Parade Committee, Mr. Chauncey D. Hakes. 
 . Awards Committee, Mr. G. Taylor Griffen. 
 Citizens Committee, Mr. James D. Wasson. 
 Commemorative Exercises Committee, Dr. Henry P. Warren. 
 Decorations Committee, Mr. Fred Easton. 
 Dedications Committee, Mr. Rollin B. Sanford. 
 Finance Committee, Mr. George P. Hilton. 
 Fireworks Committee, Mr. Joseph W. Stevens. 
 Fraternal Organizations Committee, Mr. George Addington. 
 History and Art Committee, Mr. James H. Manning. 
 Illumination Committee, Mr. Thomas D. Fitzgerald. 
 Land Parades Committee, Mr. Jacob H. Herzog. 
 Legislation Committee, Mr. Charles F. Bridge. 
 Naval Parades Committee, Mr. John E. Scopes. 
 Old Home Day Committee, Mr. Frederick J. Barends. 
 Patriotic Societies Committee, Mr. Samuel L. Munson. 
 Program and Printing Committee, Mr. John A. Howe, Jr. 
 Publicity Committee, Mr. William B. Jones. 
 Public Safety Committee, Mr. Edward B. Cantine. 
 Reception Committee, Mr. Thomas L Van Antwerp. 
 Religious Services Committee, Mr. A. Page Smith. 
 School Exercises Committee, Mr. Danforth E. Ainsworth. 
 Trade and Commerce Committee, Mr. Frank C. Herrick. 
 Transportation Committee, Mr. A. A. Heard. 
 U. S. A. Tournament Committee, Capt. Harry S. Richmond. 
 
 In Albany as in the other cities along the river, large sums of 
 money raised by subscription supplemented the funds appro- 
 priated by the State, and no care or reasonable expense was 
 spared to make the Celebration worthy of the Capital of the 
 State, and of the events commemorated. 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1017 
 
 Enormous crowds of visitors from the north, east, south and Public 
 west were present and every precaution possible was taken for 
 their care and comfort. Over i6o policemen were on duty 
 full time, and the mounted squad was reinforced for the occasion 
 to the number of 21 men. Two patrol wagons were in constant 
 service, and a large seven-passenger automobile was stationed 
 at Police Headquarters on October 7 and 8, ready to respond 
 with reserves if they had been needed. The men of the Fire 
 Department were also on duty full time. 
 
 A sub-committe, of which Dr. Gerald Griffin was chairman, 
 enlisted the services of a large corps of volunteer physicians 
 and nurses and erected a tent for an emergency hospital in the 
 south end of the city, with telephone connection and ambu- 
 lance attendance. Temporary cases of illness and accident 
 were cared for at this tent, and also at the City Building, where 
 cots were erected for the care of the unfortunate until they 
 could be taken to the regular hospitals. The committee also 
 engaged a steam tug which, with the necessary hospital 
 equipment, and flying the Red Cross flag, patrolled the river 
 front. 
 
 The decorations and illuminations of the city were very Decora- 
 elaborate and were the finest ever seen in Albany. State 
 street, leading up the hill from the Post-office to the Capitol 
 Park, was converted into a Court of Honor. Between those 
 two points, 144 winged columns — 72 on each side of the street 
 — were erected. These columns, 20 feet high, were covered with 
 white material and had bronze-profiled capitals. Between 
 these columns were hung alternately American flags and 
 Hudson-Fulton flags; and from lines stretched across the 
 street from building to building strings of fancy flags and Inter- 
 national Code signals, strung in the manner of a ship's dressing, 
 formed sky borders. At the head of State street, fronting the 
 Capitol, an heroic statue of Henry Hudson formed the culmi- 
 nation of the beautiful decorations of this street. At night these 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Decora- decorations were brilliantly illuminated by thousands of incan- 
 descent lights. Across the street from Broadway to Eagle street 
 festoons of electric lights were suspended from the cross-arms 
 of the trolley poles and so arranged as to show the bunting 
 decorations at night. At the intersection of Pearl and State 
 streets, halfway up the hill, the festoons of lights were extended 
 diagonally and were filled with colored lamps. From the 
 intersection of these diagonal festoons was suspended an 
 emblem which was visible from all four directions. Between 
 the columns of the colonnade and running the entire length of 
 State street, with intervals at the street intersections, were 
 lines of white lights, and thirty arc lights — fifteen on each 
 side — added to the brilliancy of the Court of Honor. 
 
 In other parts of the city there were decorations second in 
 beauty only to those of the Court of Honor. Broadway was 
 festooned with flags and electric lights from State street to the 
 Union Railroad Station; and similar embellishments orna- 
 mented North Pearl street from Clinton avenue to State street, 
 South Pearl street from State street to Westerlo street, and 
 Westerlo street from South Pearl to Riverside Park. River- 
 side Park, the scene of the naval reception, was converted into 
 a scene of beauty. On the Broadway side of the Park was a 
 large white triple arch, decorated with bunting and electric 
 lights; and quantities of spruce and hemlock trees, twenty-two 
 feet high, were planted around the borders of the Park. From 
 the flagstaff in the center of the Park, eight lines of red, white 
 and blue electric lights were suspended, being caught up by an 
 apron of frosted lamps which surrounded the center of the 
 grass plot; and extensions to the iron railing surrounding the 
 Park scintillated with a thousand more lights. 
 Religious Practically the whole week, beginning on Sunday, October 3, 
 Services ^as devoted to the Celebration in Albany. Almost all of the 
 churches either had special services or made special recognition 
 of the Celebration in their services on Sunday. On that day 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1019 
 
 also was opened the historical exhibition in the new building 
 of the Albany Institute and Historical and Art Society at No. His- 
 125 Washington avenue. The exhibition, which was in the j.jjjjj(jjj 
 largest room on the main floor of the building, was devoted to 
 books, maps, documents and objects connected with the early 
 history of Albany. Among the exhibits were portraits of the 
 city's first officials, pictures of ancient buildings, early maps, 
 old-fashioned household articles, and memorabilia particularly 
 relating to steamboating on the Hudson River. The exhibition, 
 which was open free to the public from 9 a. m. until 5 P. M. 
 throughout the Celebration, was arranged by Messrs. Jacob 
 
 C. E. Scott, Oscar Smith and Cuyler Reynolds. 
 
 Another interesting feature lasting throughout the week was Military 
 the United States Military Encampment and Tournament at *™P 
 Island Park. For this purpose, General Order No. no was 
 issued from headquarters of the Department of the East at 
 Governor's Island, New York, directing the attendance of a 
 complete pack train from West Point; a band, machine gun 
 platoon and one squadron of the loth Cavalry from Fort Ethan 
 Allen, Vt.; a band, and the machine gun platoon, 5th Infantry, 
 from Plattsburgh Barracks, N. Y.; the band, First Battalion, 
 and machine gun platoon from Madison Barracks, N. Y.; 
 the First Battalion, 5th Infantry, from Fort Jay, N. Y.; Battery 
 
 D, 3d Field Artillery from Fort Myer, Va.; Company A, ist 
 Battalion of Engineers, and a detachment of enlisted men from 
 the Training School for Bakers and Cooks, from Washington 
 Barracks, D. C, and Company C, Hospital Corps, with a 
 strength of 58 enlisted men, from Fort Niagara. For the use 
 of the Hospital Corps, ambulances and escort wagons were 
 sent from Madison and Plattsburgh Barracks. The tour- 
 nament was purely a military one, and all who witnessed the 
 work of the troops were impressed not only with the efficinecy, 
 but also with the generally excellent qualities of the person- 
 nel and material of the army. The troops participating 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 were equipped on the basis of field service and made the 
 most creditable appearance possible both individually and 
 collectively. 
 School Tuesday, October 5, was set apart for the general observance 
 Exercises of ^j^g Celebration in the public schools. The programs con- 
 sisted of short essays, quotations, recitations and addresses on 
 subjects pertaining to the Celebration, together with exhibi- 
 tions of drawings, models, etc., of the boats and other important 
 features of the event — the work of the scholars of the different 
 schools. 
 
 Thursday, October 7, was one of the two principal days of 
 the festival in Albany, the school children again taking a con- 
 spicuous part. At 10. A. M., 2,000 girls from the public schools, 
 appropriately costumed in red, white and blue, assembled 
 on the steps of the Capitol, forming a great living flag of six 
 long and seven short stripes. Six thousand yards of red, 
 white and blue bunting were used in dressing the children. 
 Each of the six long stripes, the entire width of the flag, was 
 formed by 77 children two abreast. The seven shorter stripes 
 broken by the starry field of blue, each contained 55 children, 
 two abreast. The blue field contained 22 children distributed 
 at equal intervals with silver stars for the States of the Union. 
 While the flag was being formed, a procession of boys marched 
 up State street to Dove street, to Washington avenue, and to 
 Capitol Park. When all were assembled, patriotic songs were 
 sung to a band accompaniment. This remarkable spectacle 
 was in charge of Prof. James R. Beauman, and the music was 
 under the direction of Prof. Edward Futterer. 
 Aquatic On Thursday afternoon, October 7, there were aquatic 
 ''°'^*^ sports on the river, the competitions starting and finishing at 
 the foot of State street. The races included two classes of 
 speed boats; four-oared, pair-oared and single shells; and 
 single and double paddle canoes; and a thrill was added by 
 Capt. Jack Apple's jump from the Maiden Lane bridge. 
 
Albany Ceremonies 
 
 On Thursday, at 3 p. m., there was an automobile parade Auto- 
 beginning at the City Hall and proceeding through State street, parade 
 Broadway, Clinton avenue, Pearl street, Madison avenue. 
 Western avenue and State street back to the City Hall Park. 
 A prize of ^100 was awarded to the dealer having in line the 
 largest number of cars of one make; $75 to the dealer having 
 in line cars of the greatest value of any one make; ^25 for the 
 oldest standard machine that covered the route of march; and 
 ^25 for the dealer who presented the best general exhibit. 
 
 Thursday night, October 7, was called "Fraternal Night" Fraternal 
 and was characterized by a parade of fraternal organizations Parade 
 and floats. A prize of $200 was given for the most elaborate 
 float, $100 for the second best; ^100 for the organization making 
 the finest appearance; ^50 for the second best; and a silk flag 
 for the best semi-military organization. The procession moved 
 in seven divisions as follows : 
 
 Grand Marshal George Addingtoa and Staff. 
 
 Members of Troop B. 
 
 Float, "Fraternity." 
 
 Fraternal Organizations Committee. 
 
 First Division 
 Marshal, Frank F. Crannell. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Grand Canton Nemo, Albany. 
 
 Canton Davis, Greenfield, Mass. 
 
 Independent Order Odd Fellows, Albany, District No. i. 
 
 Float. 
 
 Second Division 
 
 Marshal, William M. Hussey. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Knights of Columbus. 
 
 Float. 
 
 Knights of St. John. 
 
 Ancient Order of Hibernians. 
 
 Float. 
 
 Catholic Benevolent Legion. 
 
 Catholic Mutual Benefit Association. 
 
1022 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Fraternal Third Division 
 
 Parade Marshal, Ben. V. Smith. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Arab I'atrol and Cyprus Temple, Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. 
 
 German Veterans. 
 
 Walliroth Commandery. 
 
 Constater Volks Fest Verein. 
 
 Fourth Division, 
 
 Marshal, Wm. Gaboriault. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Improved Order of Red Men. 
 
 Float. 
 
 Degree of Pocahontas, Improved Order of Red Men. 
 
 Minesela Council No. 103. 
 
 Float. 
 
 Modern Woodmen of the World. 
 
 Float. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Young Men's Montefiore Society. 
 
 Dr Max Nordau Lodge No. 251, 1. O. B. A. 
 
 Order of B'rith Abram. 
 
 Albany Hebrew Tailors' Association. 
 
 Eintracht Singing Society. 
 
 Caecilia Singing Society. 
 
 Fifth Division 
 
 Marshal, Hugh F. McCoubrie. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Royal Arcanum. 
 
 Float. 
 
 Knights of the Maccabees and Visiting Tents. 
 
 Floats. 
 
 Royal Foresters Band of Toronto, Canada. 
 
 Independent Order of Foresters. 
 
 Floats. 
 
 Foresters of America. 
 
 Sixth Division 
 
 Marshal, Anthony Coudy. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. 
 
 Float. 
 
 Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. 
 
 Christopher Columbus Society. 
 
 Prince of Naples Society. 
 
 Carabineri Society. 
 
 M. L. L. Delle Grazie Society. 
 
 St. Anthony's Society. 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1023 
 
 Seventh Division Fraternal 
 
 Marshal, James L. McHale. Parade 
 
 Band. 
 
 Central Federation of Labor 
 
 Floats. 
 
 Labor Unioos. 
 
 Drum Corps. 
 
 Floats. 
 
 The parade was reviewed by Mayor Snyder and invited 
 guests from a stand in front of the County Building. 
 
 The Celebration reached its height on Friday, October 8, Arrival 
 with the arrival of the fleet escorting the Half Moon and Cler- 
 mont and with the attendant ceremonies. The vessels left 
 Hudson for Albany at various times between 6 and 8 a. m. 
 The Clermont started at the first named hour in command of 
 Capt. A. W. Houghtaling, as Capt. Ulster Davis had gone to 
 the U. S. S. Seminole to pilot the fleet through the upper 
 reaches of the river. The Half Moon and Clermont were 
 navigated as near shore as possible when passing the villages 
 on the way, in order that the inhabitants might see the 
 vessels, and thousands of people availed themselves of this 
 opportunity. 
 
 While the fleet was approaching from the south, a fleet of 
 Albany boats rendezvoused ofi^ Riverside Park and later pro- 
 ceeded down the river to escort the coming guests. About 
 noon-time, the joint naval procession arrived and was received 
 with booming cannon, ringing bells and blowing whistles. 
 Meanwhile, Mayor Snyder, the Albany Commissioners, the 
 Common Council, the heads of City Departments, and the 
 Reception Committee, in carriages, and Troop B, of Cavalry, 
 N. G. N. Y., proceeded to the Executive Mansion where they 
 took under their escort Governor Hughes and Staff", Acting 
 Secretary of War Oliver and Maj.-Gen. Leonard Wood, Com- 
 manding the Department of the East, and then marched to 
 Riverside Park. At the latter place, the commanders of the 
 Half Moon and Clermont and the other distinguished guests 
 
I024 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 were officially welcomed. In extending the courtesies of the 
 city of Albany, Mayor Snyder said: 
 
 Hon. "Commander Lam and OflScers of the Half Moon: It is with the 
 
 H. F. most profound gratitude to Her Most Gracious Majesty, Queen 
 Snyder Wilhelmina, and the people of the Netherlands, that I bid you 
 welcome to this old and ancient city. 
 
 "Standing here to-day in the presence of this vast throng of the 
 citizens of this great republic, I can but say that your nation builded 
 better than they knew; and could Henry Hudson arise from his 
 grave in the frozen north he would wonder if this great national 
 waterway was the same stream up which he sailed so long ago. He 
 certainly would not recognize Albany as the terminus of the great 
 and historic voyage of 1609. 
 
 "You stand to-day upon historic ground, ground consecrated by 
 the men of all nations, who have here builded a Republic dedicated 
 to the cause of liberty and justice, where every man has an equal 
 opportunity for individual advancement. Little did the Dutch East 
 India Company dream in 1609 that upon the shores to which they 
 were sending the intrepid Hudson would be reared a mighty empire 
 that should equal in power and glory any of the principalities of 
 Europe. Your nation did not find a north passage to the Indies, but 
 you did find a river, the like of which is not equalled in this world of 
 ours; a river upon whose broad bosom, and along whose shores 
 rushes half the commerce of a mighty nation, bearing the products 
 of industries and the granaries of the great West to the commercial 
 centers of the world. 
 
 "Albany is proud to have at her gates the replica of the Half Moon 
 and we are glad to welcome you, sir, within our gates. We are proud 
 to know that the people of the Netherlands have in their generosity 
 sent to our shores this splendid reproduction of the first vessel to 
 ascend this grand and historic river that bears the name of the great 
 commander of the Half Moon, and in the name of a grateful 
 people I desire here and now to present their thanks for this most 
 gracious recognition, of this historic event, by the Kingdom of the 
 Netherlands. 
 
 "To the distinguished descendants of Robert Fulton I may be 
 permitted to say that while extending felicitations upon the three 
 hundredth anniversary of the voyage of the Half Moon, I have no 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1025 
 
 intention of passing by or ignoring the fact that in connection with Hon. 
 that event we are celebrating still another event of national and " ' 
 commercial importance. Upon the bosom of yonder river lies the 
 resurrected Clermont, the first boat ever successfully propelled by 
 steam in the waters of this world. This was the production of an 
 American genius, and has proved to be one of the greatest blessings 
 of civilization. Robert Fulton conceived the idea of the steamboat. 
 He built the original and gave to the world the one thing that was 
 needed to link the nations of the earth in bonds of commercial 
 reciprocity. From the original Clermont others grew, until to-day 
 the great transatlantic liner is one of the greatest adjuncts of inter- 
 national life, commercial activity and personal luxury that the world 
 has ever known. Why dwell upon a fact that is patent to all ? We 
 hail Robert Fulton as a public benefactor whose name will live as 
 long as time endures. Every turn of every paddle wheel on every 
 vessel in every land and on every sea is a tribute to the genius of the 
 great and distinguished American inventor. 
 
 "We men of America are proud of our land and its institutions; we 
 are proud of the matchless genius of our sons, and we may be pardoned 
 if we sometimes indulge in a spirit of egotism. Is it not a fact that 
 the past and present justly conspire to make us proud of our heritage ? 
 In the infancy of our national existence we shook off the oppressor's 
 yoke; in our youth we became the admiration of the world, and may 
 we not say that in our national manhood we are and shall continue 
 to be a blessing to mankind ? Has not the civilization as fostered 
 by our nation been extended to the islands of the sea ? Has not 
 this nation carried the torch and caused the light of civilization to 
 shine in the dark and dismal places of the earth ? 
 
 "In the political horizon of the future there may rise up dark 
 clouds, yet if we be true to ourselves they will pass away, leaving a 
 serene sky to smile over the happy millions of future generations. 
 We have a country surpassing an empire in magnificence, and yet 
 it is only invested with the simple grandeur of a republican dignity; 
 we have lords, but they are the lords of the soil, proud of no title so 
 much as that of freedom's sons. 
 
 "Again I say to you. Commander Lam, you are welcome, thrice 
 welcome to our city. We respect your nation. The world loves the 
 most gracious lady who sits upon the throne of the Netherlands. 
 65 
 
[026 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon, That her reign may be long, prosperous and happy is, I believe, 
 
 H. F. 
 
 Snyder 
 
 the prayer and wish of the people of our city and of our land 
 
 "To all our guests on this occasion we also extend a most cordial 
 greeting to this old Dutch city. We trust that your stay in our midst 
 will be both pleasing and profitable, and that when you return to 
 your homes you may feel that the time spent within our gates was 
 such that you may in the future look back with pleasure to your 
 trip to old Albany." 
 
 "Commander Lam, you will find in this silver tube (handing him 
 a package) a translation of our speech of welcome in Dutch, which I 
 now have the honor of presenting to you. Commander Lam, Gov- 
 ernor Hughes, of the State of New York." 
 Governor GOVERNOR HUGHES: "Mr. Mayor, Lieutenant Lam, Mr. 
 Bullock: I endorse most heartily the cordial and felicitous expres- 
 sions of the Mayor of the city. You are welcome not only to this old 
 settlement, to this old city, but to the capital of the State of New York. 
 The city of Albany is eloquent of Dutch memories. It is here that 
 the first fruits of Hudson's voyage of discovery and exploration were 
 found. Here two years before New Amsterdam was founded, the 
 Dutch made a settlement. It is the fact that we have the Hudson 
 River and its commerce, and the gateway through the valley of its 
 tributary, the Mohawk, to the West, that accounts for the pros- 
 perity of the Empire State of New York. We therefore appreciate, 
 Lieutenant Lam, the significance of your journey here on the Half 
 Moon for what it represents to us of the enterprise and courage of 
 the navigator, Henry Hudson, who, sailing under the flag of your 
 country, made possible the settlements whose progress led to 
 the establishment of this commonwealth. But even more highly 
 do we appreciate your visit as significant of the grace and good will 
 and generosity of the people of Holland, who have constructed 
 and equipped this copy of the old Half Moon and have sent it to 
 us as an abiding memorial of their friendship. This Celebration 
 is particularly grateful to all because it has furnished the occasion 
 for the manifestation of the good will of the nations as well as 
 its testimony to the progress of a people whose prosperity we believe 
 to be a benediction to all mankind. 
 
 "Mr. Bullock, the Hudson with all its advantages would not have 
 developed the Empire State had it not been for Mr. Fulton's invention, 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1027 
 
 and the success of the long line of inventors of whom he was a fore- Governor 
 runner. We therefore, as the people of the State of New York, the Hughes 
 State of industry and commerce, gladly celebrate an event in which 
 Robert Fulton made successful the navigation of the Hudson by steam 
 power. You are welcome here as representing him. And to-day we 
 join the daring and enterprise of Hudson with the patient and 
 scientific research of Fulton, in paying tribute to the twin virtues of 
 courage and perseverance in searching for truth which have dis- 
 tinguished the growth of this commonwealth, and will ensure our 
 future prosperity. 
 
 "The Mayor has welcomed you to Albany. I welcome you to 
 the State of New York of which Albany is the capital. The State 
 is yours; and we shall do all we can to make you happy during this 
 pleasant period of your representation, Lieutenant Lam, of a great 
 navigator, and of your representation, Mr. Bullock, of a great inven- 
 tor- You have our cordial welcome and our most friendly regards.' 
 
 After the exercises, the official guests were tendered a recep- Recep- 
 tion at the Fort Orange Club by the Albany members of the 
 Holland Society of New York, after which the receiving party 
 was conveyed to the official reviewing stand on Western avenue, 
 near the State Normal College, to witness the land parade. 
 
 The "Hudson-Fulton Welcome Parade," as it was called. Welcome 
 started about 1.30 p. m. and moved in the following order: ^^^ * 
 
 Detachment of Mounted Police. 
 
 Troop B, N. G. N. Y. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Chas. E. Davis, Grand Marshal, and Staff. 
 
 First Division 
 
 Colonel C. D. Cowles, 5th Infantry, U. S. A., Commanding. 
 
 Company "A," Corps of Engineers, U. S. A. 
 
 14th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Companies A, B, C and D. 
 
 Machine Gun Platoon. 
 
 5th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Companies A, B, C and D. 
 
 Machine Gun Platoon. 
 
 3d Field Artillery, U. S. A. 
 
 Battery "D." 
 
1028 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Welcome loth U. S. Cavalry. 
 
 Parade Band. 
 
 2d Squadron, Troops E, F, G and H. 
 
 Machine Gun Platoon. 
 
 Company "C," Hospital Corps, U. S. A. 
 
 Two Ambulances and Escort Wagon. 
 
 Pack Train of Sixty-five Mules. 
 
 Ten Transport Wagons, Four-Mule Teams. 
 
 loth Infantry, N. G., N. Y. 
 
 Band. 
 
 1st, zd and 3d Battalions. 
 
 Company "F," Second Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. 
 
 Detachment of Hospital Corps. 
 
 Second Division. 
 
 Edgar C. Leonard, Commanding. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Sons of the Revolution. 
 
 Sons of Veterans. 
 
 Lew Benedict Post No. 5, G. A. R. 
 
 Geo. S. Dawson Post No. 63, G. A. R. 
 
 Lewis O. Morris Post No. 121, G. A. R. 
 
 W. A. Jackson Post No. 644, G. A. R. 
 
 Spanish War Veterans. 
 
 Veterans of Foreign Wars. 
 
 Third Division 
 John A. Russell, Commanding. 
 
 Band. 
 
 La Salle Institute, Troy, N. Y. 
 
 Christian Brothers .Academy, Albany. 
 
 Doctor's Gig of Sixty Years Ago. 
 
 Stephen Van Rensselaer's old State Coach. 
 
 Stephen Van Rensselaer's old State Sleigh. 
 
 State Coach used by La Fayette on his visit to Albany. 
 
 Fourth Division. 
 Mac N. Miller, Commanding. 
 Band and Drum Corps. 
 Floats representing sirty-three houses in the following lines of business: Automobile, Bakers, 
 Baskets, Boxes, Beer, Carpets, Coal, Confectionery, Dairy Products, Drugs, Dry Goods, Express, 
 Feed, Flowers, Fruit, Furniture, Gas Fixtures, Groceries, Hardware, Harness, Ice, Lumber, Mat- 
 tresses, Meat, Mill Supplies, Oysters, Paints, Paper, Pianos, Sales Stables, Saws, Scales, Shoes, 
 Spices, Tea and Coffee, Tobacco, Vacuum Cleaners, Wagons and Wet Gn 
 
 Fifth Divuion. 
 
 Anton Hafner, Commanding. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Three floats representing the Dutch Natic 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1029 
 
 One float representing the French Nation. 
 
 One float representing the Italian Nation. 1 
 
 One float representing the Scotch People. 
 One float representing the English People. 
 One float representing the German Nation. 
 Three floats representing the Irish People. 
 All accompanied by marching bodies. 
 
 Sixth Division * 
 
 Captain A. H. Stoddard, Commanding. 
 
 Band and Drum Corps. 
 
 Float, Title Car, "History of New York." 
 
 Float, Title Car, "Indian Period." 
 
 Float, "Legend of Hiawatha," manned by Indians. 
 
 Float, "The Five Nations," manned by Indians. 
 
 Float, "The First Sachem," manned by Indians. 
 
 Float, Title Car, "Dutch Period." 
 
 Float, "Half Moon," manned by Albany Typographical Union No. 4. 
 
 Float, "Fate of Henry Hudson," Amalgamated Sheet Metal Workers. 
 
 Float, "Reception of Stuyvesant," Empire Lodge Boilermakers and Iron Shipbuilders. 
 
 Float, "Bowling on Bowling Green," Painters' Local No. 201. 
 
 Float, "Nieuw Amsterdam Becomes New York," Walliroth Commandery, D. R. 
 
 Float, Title Car, "Colonial Period." 
 
 Float, "Schuyler and Indians at Court of St. James," Bottlers' Union No. 375. 
 
 Float, Trial of Zenger," Brewery Workers of .\lbany. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Float, "Governor Dongan," Irishmen. 
 
 Spirit of '76, J. H. Lane, R. O. Shattuck, C. Wagner, and W. Carpenter. 
 
 Float, "Storming of Stony Point," Albany Business College Students. 
 
 Float, "Legend of Rip Van Winkle," .Albany High School Students. 
 
 Float, "Publishing the Constitution," Albany Business College Students. 
 
 Float, Title Car, "United States and Modem Period." 
 
 Float, Fulton's Ferry," Irishmen. 
 
 Float, "Reception of La Fayette, Frenchmen. 
 
 Float "Erie Canal Boat," Irishmen. 
 
 Float, "Garibaldi," ItaUans. 
 
 Float, "Statue of Liberty," Knickerbocker Lodge International Association of Machinists. 
 
 Float, "Father Knickerbocker Receiving," four ladies. 
 
 This great demonstration was reviewed on upper State street 
 by Governor Hughes, Mayor Snyder, President Woodford of 
 the Commission and a large number of distinguished guests> 
 and was the most inspiring and pleasing pageant ever seen on 
 the streets of Albany. 
 
 this division were from New York City. 
 
1030 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Fire- Qn the evening of Friday, October 8, there was a brilliant 
 
 display of fireworks in Beaver Park. 
 
 While this was being watched by many thousands of people 
 out-of-doors, the official banquet was held at the Hotel Ten 
 Eyck, in honor of the city's guests. The banquet was in 
 charge of the Reception Committee of which Mr. Thomas I. 
 Van Antwerp was Chairman. Covers were laid for three hun- 
 dred guests. The dining hall was beautifully decorated and 
 during the banquet presented a brilliant scene, as many of the 
 guests were in their official uniforms. Mayor Snyder presided. 
 After coffee had been served, the speaking proceeded as 
 follows : 
 
 Official 
 Banquet 
 
 Hon. MAYOR HENRY F. SNYDER: "Gentlemen of Albany: When 
 
 H- ^' I assumed the duties of Mayor of the City of Albany on the first of 
 ^ ^^ January I found confronting me the proposition of a Hudson-Fulton 
 Celebration in the City of Albany. From that time until the present 
 day I have been devoting about one-half of my time, if not more, 
 day and night, in an effort to bring about a proper Celebration. 
 Those efforts have borne fruit, and you have to-day witnessed the 
 result. I allude to this, gentlemen, for the purpose of extending 
 personal thanks to the people of Albany, and to the 1,014 citizens of 
 Albany who have aided the Mayor of this city in bringing about this 
 most desirable result. Albany to-night has reason to be proud of her 
 part in this great Celebration. We feel that we have met the expecta- 
 tion of our guests and the strangers within our gates. We feel that 
 in this Capital City we have sustained the prestige and the honor of 
 the entire State at its seat of government. 
 
 "We have with us to-night many who sit in the high places In the 
 land, and in view of the fact that Albany is the official home of the 
 Governor of the Empire State, and believing that we men of Albany 
 have some claim upon him and his time, I now present to you the 
 Governor of New York, Charles E. Hughes." 
 Governor GOVERNOR HUGHES: "Mr. Mayor, Distinguished Guests, 
 "^ ^® Descendants of Virtuous Ancestors, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am the 
 only person present who has seen all of the Hudson-Fulton Cele- 
 bration. I should, perhaps, except our good friend. Lieutenant Lam, 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1031 
 
 of the Half Moon, had it not been for the fact that he deserted us Governor 
 at Catskill to visit Henry Hudson and his crew in Kaaterskill Clove. "^ ®* 
 I think our friend Robert Fulton has been with us most of the 
 time although it is difficult for any vessel that only makes five knots 
 an hour to keep up with such a fast company. 
 
 "I have been an inmate of a State institution in these parts for 
 something over two years. And I confess that I feel a local pride 
 in the part that Albany has taken in this Celebration. It is not proper 
 that I should attempt to discriminate with regard to the success of 
 the efforts that have been made along the Hudson Valley to commem- 
 orate in a worthy manner the great events of Hudson's discovery and 
 Fulton's invention. Indeed, it would be a difficult task to attempt 
 to describe all that has been done by the citizens of these several 
 communities. From New York City to Albany there has been 
 evinced a general desire to show what New York can do in the 
 exhibition of patriotic sentiment. It has been worthily done, 
 whether at New York City, the great metropolis, or at the small cities 
 and villages along the valley. Everywhere, the men and women of 
 these communities have done their best; and I, as Governor of the 
 State, speaking on behalf of the people of the State, wish to voice 
 their grateful appreciation of these unselfish efforts which everywhere 
 have made possible a most fitting commemoration. But I do 
 desire to say that nothing that has occurred in the course of this 
 Celebration has filled me with more pride than the parade this 
 afternoon and the tasteful decorations and illuminations of the 
 Capital of the State. Our thanks are due to the Mayor of the City 
 of Albany, and to all the citizens who have cooperated in this 
 Celebration. The floats that we witnessed this afternoon were truly 
 representative of the life of this part of the State and of the old 
 Dutch settlement. It was worthy pageantry and not only compared 
 favorably, but I must in all candor say, eclipsed everything that has 
 been done in that line. 
 
 "Now, this is a moment of rare enjoyment for me. I have stormed 
 many banquets and I have essayed many formal luncheons, and this 
 is almost the only occasion upon which it is not expected that I shall 
 make a speech; for I see gathered about this board men of great 
 distinction in State and Nation, who have honored this Capital with 
 their visit, and from whom you will have the pleasure of hearing 
 
1 032 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor this evening. I would mention, first of all, the President of the 
 Bugbes Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission — a Commission that will 
 be forever memorable in our annals because it has made possible a 
 cooperation and a demonstration of civic pride the benefits of 
 which we shall always feel, and we welcome General Woodford, 
 who, to-night, in his pleasing personality and with rare gift of elo- 
 quence, will represent the body incorporated and chartered by the 
 State, of which the State will always be proud. 
 
 "And then we have to-night those messengers of peace, accoutred 
 with the horrible equipments of war — the representatives of the 
 Army and the Navy. You see, Mr. Minister (addressing the Nether- 
 lands Minister), these are the fighting Dutch, and any allusion to the 
 Army of the United States or the Navy of the United States is sure 
 to elicit enthusiastic response. We have reason to congratulate our- 
 selves on the presence of the distinguished civic servant, who is a 
 fellow townsmen of yours and has long worthily represented Albany 
 at Washington — our good friend General Oliver, who represents 
 the Secretary of War, and through him, our President. 
 
 "And then we have the masterful General, who, in his sug- 
 gestion of reserve power, of perfect poise, of ability to meet any 
 emergency, suggests to us the discipline and the power of the Army 
 of the United States — General Wood. I wish I could go through 
 the list of those who have honored us with their presence. Our 
 friend Colonel Cowles, who headed the parade this afternoon, I last 
 saw on the battlefield at Pittsburgh. There we fought, bled and 
 vied for our country in a celebration which left but few survivors. 
 On that historic field was given an extraordinary demonstration of 
 these later days, when under the command of an American officer 
 marched two regiments — the Governor-General's Footguards of 
 Canada and the Highland Regiment of Canada — close by the 
 place where the British and Americans fought in the War of 1812. 
 
 "Then we have the very happy privilege of welcoming here the 
 representative of the fair woman who rules the land which is the 
 Fatherland of so many of us, — that land whose contribution to 
 the development, not only of this Valley and of this State but also 
 of this country, we so gladly celebrate to-night — the Minister of the 
 Netherlands. 
 
 "Now I have been in good company all this week, because, while 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1033 
 
 not on the Half Moon, I have been sailing with her. The Half Moon Governor 
 represents much to us, but the best that she represents is the generosity ^ 
 and the kindliness of the people that presented her to the Hudson- 
 Fulton Commission. She will always remain with us, not simply as 
 the physical representation of the vessel which made the first voy- 
 age of discovery here, but as the very beautiful reminder of the good 
 will of the Netherlanders of this day. It was a most gracious act 
 and it will always be appreciated. We are to-night celebrating what 
 was accomplished under a Dutch flag, but our hearts go out with 
 the kindliest emotions toward every nation. And we are fortunate 
 indeed that this gift which has been presented to us by the people 
 of the Netherlands should come from the country which has the 
 honor of being the seat of the tribunal which we hope will make war 
 between the nations impossible. 
 
 "And I am particularly happy to find that the spirit of 1776 is 
 brooding over this assemblage in the presence of the fair Daughters 
 of the American Revolution; for it is that spirit that must abide with 
 us for aye, and so incarnated in charm and grace of presence, so 
 represented by those who rule our homes and rear our children, we 
 may be sure that it never will be lost. 
 
 "The Dutch did not come here for their health. They have not 
 remained here for any such purpose. This was the point of vantage 
 where exchanges could be made on terms then deemed equitable 
 by both parties. This was the first settlement because here was 
 the greater opportunity for these e.Kchanges. Those who followed 
 the redoubtable navigator passed the beautiful harbor of New York, 
 the isle of Manhattan and all those favored sites which we have been 
 privileged to visit this week, and sought out this point near the head 
 of navigation where they might trade suitably with the Indian tribes. 
 We need not go back to determine whether or not in a preceding 
 century any adventuresome persons sailed up these waters. It is 
 enough for us to know that here an actual trading post was established, 
 and for the first time, men of business, and chambers of commerce 
 and exchanges, and all the facilities of trade were introduced to the 
 new world. There are or may be portions of this great common- 
 wealth the people of which are looking somewhat askance at this 
 Celebration, and wondering whether or not it were wise that so 
 much of the money of the State should have been put into it; but 
 
I034 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor without the Hudson Valley there would have been no Rochester and 
 
 Hugheg j^Q Buffalo. This is the strategic line of advance. 
 
 "It was apparent to those who settled here in the early days that 
 there must be improvements in waterways and extensions of water- 
 ways by artificial construction in order that there should be more 
 complete and facile intercourse between the East and the West. The 
 men of light and leading at once saw the advantage of canal com- 
 munication, and the result was that to their lasting credit a suitable 
 highway was opened by which the products of the West could be 
 brought to the East and to the South, and commerce was made 
 possible through what is now the State of New York, onward to the 
 then territories, now the other populous States of this Union. It is 
 true that the steel roads have largely supplanted the old means of 
 transportation; but these roads of steel go through the Hudson Val- 
 ley, seek the way through the mountains, follow the lines of the 
 ancient avenue, and they themselves were made possible by the same 
 forces which in an earlier day developed this valley as a scene of 
 commercial intercourse. 
 
 "You Dutch — and I am a good deal Dutch myself — are proud 
 to-night of the contribution made in the early days by the Nether- 
 landers and which you still make. For there never was a finer vindi- 
 cation of human rights against tyranny than that which preceded 
 the great commercial development of the Netherlands, which sent 
 Hudson upon his voyage of discovery. But the difference between 
 those who name with pride these early ancestors and the fair daugh- 
 ters who recount with just delight the exploits of those who fought 
 in the struggle for independence, and some of the others who have 
 come more recently, is simply that your ancestors got here first. 
 We are all together, and those who paraded in the streets of New 
 York the other day with the banners of their varied organizations 
 and singing the airs of other lands are to-day more inspired with the 
 spirit of liberty and appreciate to a greater degree the meaning of 
 our institutions because we have gathered together under the Hud- 
 son-Fulton flag. 
 
 "And so to-night, introducing in this informal manner the dis- 
 tinguished guests who grace this board, I want to leave this one 
 word: Let us remember that while public men inevitably must be 
 the center of controversy over public questions, while parties must 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1035 
 
 divide with regard to particular policies, while we must go through Governor 
 the toil and struggle of campaigns in order that convictions with "™ 
 respect to which we differ may be properly set forth before the peo- 
 ple, still, fundamentally, we are one — inspired by the same great 
 ideals, seeking to live up to the spirit of our fathers who fought for 
 the principles of liberty, and in this Celebration we are striving to 
 emphasize our desire that in this country we shall be worthy of the 
 best of the past and have here the best of all that the future may 
 contain." 
 
 THE TOASTM ASTER: "Gentlemen: To attempt to have had Hon. 
 and to fittingly close a proper Hudson-Fulton Celebration without H* ^• 
 hearing a word from the gentleman whom I have in mind, would be 
 like attempting the play of Hamlet with Hamlet left out. The 
 gentleman to whom I refer is, and has been for many years, a con- 
 spicuous figure in the history of New York and of the Nation. His 
 latest achievement is the successful conduct and management of the 
 greatest Celebration that the world has ever known. Although 
 full of years, he has shown by his latest effort that his years have but 
 added to his executive capacity. Gentlemen, I have the very great 
 pleasure of introducing to you Gen. Stewart L. Woodford, President 
 of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission." 
 
 GEN. STEWART L. WOODFORD: "Mr. Mayor, Governor, GenenU 
 
 Mr. Minister of the Netherlands, Secretary of War and Gentlemen: ° 
 When elected to the Presidency of the Commission, an honor came 
 to me greater than any of my life. The discharge of the duties has 
 been difficult and yet agreeable. If in any small degree the Celebra- 
 tion has been a success, it has been due to the cooperation, at the 
 beginning of your predecessor. Governor Hughes, Governor Higgins, 
 and to the continued intelligent and friendly aid which you. Governor 
 Hughes, have given us; and equally, possibly even more, to the fact 
 that in each department of this varied effort, the President of the 
 Commission has had the indulgent and effective assistance of a staff 
 which in my small military service has never been surpassed; and the 
 men who in each department have done this work have accomplished 
 the result. And by none has more efficient service from the beginning 
 been rendered than by the man who was then Mayor of Albany, 
 and who is now Comptroller of the State, Mr. Gaus. 
 
ford 
 
 1036 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 General "We have worked so long in the Commission that we are a little 
 Wood- proud to-night of the culmination of its work. From the Highlands 
 of Navesink to this great central point of inter-land communication 
 there have been gathered masses of people, the like of which proba- 
 bly never came to a civic celebration. And of all these gathered 
 millions, let me say this to-night: There have been fewer cases of 
 personal misbehavior, there has been larger expression of good con- 
 duct and good feeling, there have been fewer suicides in New York 
 within the last two weeks than in any two weeks in the history of New 
 York for fifty years. There have been less cases of intoxication, 
 there has been a lower death rate, there has been a more intelligent 
 appreciation by the people of the authority of law, and there has been 
 more kindly, genial and generous enforcement of law by our police 
 force than ever has been known in the history of New York. New 
 York had a chance to have a birthday celebration, and I think New 
 York has justified the opportunity it has had. We shall go into the 
 fourth century of the city with the inspiration of kindly feelings; 
 with a unity of all populations; with a recognition of what the Repub- 
 lic means, and of what the great City of New York is and ought to be, 
 and I believe will be an inspiring motive to the conduct and the 
 development of the City of New York and the State of New York in 
 the new century. 
 
 "Of all the names that have come into history of the last half 
 dozen centuries, none is more singular and none is more unique than 
 the narjie of Henry Hudson. Of his beginning, literally nothing is 
 known. An Englishman, he could not speak the Dutch language. 
 He sailed in command of a Dutch crew under a charter given by the 
 Dutch India Company. He came to our river — probably not the 
 first who had entered here. It is probable that Verrazzano, the 
 Italian, sailing under the charter of France, first entered our harbor, 
 but Hudson was the first who explored the river and came up to where 
 Albany now stands. The result of his exploration was the coming of 
 subsequent expeditions from Holland, which established trading posts 
 at Albanyand on Manhattan Island in 1613. Returning to theold land, 
 and taking a new charter under his own governmnt, he started on 
 that adventurous voyage, to find, if possible, the northwest passage 
 to the waters of the Pacific. Mutiny in his crew paralyzed his efforts. 
 With one or two of his crew and his boy he was cast adrift amid the 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1037 
 
 ice of the great bay or sea that bears his name, and in the unknown General 
 and horrid silence of that Arctic land he passed from this land to the , °? ~ 
 other. Five years mark his entire life so far as the world knows it. 
 Those five years left, however, his name upon this great river and his 
 name upon that unknown sea. It was enough to have lived for. 
 Tremendous guerdon for Hudson to have won — a name forever in 
 the story of the earth, in spite of that awful death and that terrible 
 icy silence that shrouds it. From it may we take lesson. 
 
 "We are great — -great in numbers, great in strength, great in 
 aspiration and greater in possibility. But if from the future we would 
 rescue the land of Hudson, there must be the same guiding star that 
 led him into the awful silence of the Northern light. Shall we be a 
 name and a memory like that of Hudson, or shall we be forever an 
 inspiring force in the story of the future of the world ? Upon you, 
 upon me, upon your children, upon our children, rests the answer 
 to that awful question. Shall this Republic drift into that death, or 
 shall we be in the future the land that shall gather the inspiration of 
 the voyager, the efforts of the inventor, the purposes of the citizen, 
 the aspiration of the world ? Shall we justify our future by living 
 up to our past V 
 
 THE TOASTMASTER: "In 1624 one Hendrick Cortencina, Hon. 
 a Dutch merchant from Amsterdam, settled in the City of Albany. H. F. 
 Twenty-one years later my ancestors from the same burg settled in °^ ^ 
 this city. For the third time in the history of the City of Albany, 
 this city has to-night a Dutch Mayor. Albany to-day is proud to 
 have within her gates many distinguished guests — among them the 
 one who represents the Kingdom of the Netherlands, a loyal subject 
 of Her Most Gracious Majesty, the world-loved Queen Wilhelmina. 
 One Dutchman has a right to greet another, and I therefore greet 
 the representative of the Netherlands, Minister Loudon, whom I 
 now have the pleasure of introducing. " 
 
 HIS EXCELLENCY, JONKHEER J. LOUDON: "Mr. Mayor. Minister 
 Governor Hughes and Gentlemen : I don't know whether it is owing Loudon 
 to the delightful smoky atmosphere of this hall, or whether it is owing 
 to the virtues of the descendants of the Dutch, but somehow, I feel 
 this evening as if I were Henry Hudson. I feel so when looking 
 back upon this glorious Hudson-Fulton Celebration. It happened 
 that on the 22d of September I went to the City of Lewes in Delaware. 
 
1038 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Minister I was asked there because Hudson, in seeking his way to the Indies, 
 London happened to land in what was later called Delaware Bay, and the 
 citizens of Delaware, and of Lewes in particular, wished to erect a 
 monument to the memory of Henry Hudson. 
 
 "After this Lewes celebration, I followed the course Hudson 
 followed. I did not have the Half Moon at my disposal, but I took 
 the Pennsylvania road and arrived at Manhattan Island, and on 
 Manhattan Island I found a hearty welcome. I found this hearty 
 welcome all around. They all seemed to put out the flag of Holland 
 to greet Holland. I was welcomed by the chieftain — I think I 
 can say the most charming, certainly the most peaceful, the most 
 courteous and witty of all chieftains, who wore no feathers, but I 
 must say, I should wish to crown his head with the choicest of all 
 feathers. This chieftain. General Woodford, has made these days 
 in New York to all Dutchmen, and to me in particular, one of the 
 most delightful times we have ever had It was a great pleasure to 
 me to be on the soil of Manhattan. And as I was walking through 
 the decorated streets of New York, walking through Fifth avenue 
 and Broadway, I could not help thinking of Washington Irving — 
 that delightful, witty and humorous writer, who almost made the 
 history of New York ridiculous, but somehow we can stand it. We 
 know that since the days of Washington Irving, the history has been 
 described by men like Fiske, and Broadhead and Griffith, who 
 established the exact truth about history, and things Dutch, not 
 only in New York, but in America, of which I am proud. And I 
 was thinking, in walking through those streets, of his description 
 of the streets of New York in the early days of the Dutch settlement. 
 He described the streets then as paths, which were made by the cows 
 going to and coming from the pasture lands. Walking through 
 Fifth avenue, [I was amazed at the progress, and walking also down 
 towards the Battery through a street which evidently had a wall in 
 those days, I thought that after all, Washington Irving forgot one 
 thing. If the cows could have done something to grade Fifth avenue 
 and Broadway, it must have been other animals of a wild sort that 
 graded Wall street. I should think grim ' bears,' wild 'bulls,' perhaps 
 also the meekest of lambs,' must have created that part! 
 
 "And talking of the things Dutch and the Dutch institutions, I 
 thought again of Washington Irving. And I remember — I believe 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1039 
 
 it is on one of the last pages of that history of New York — that he Minister 
 describes good old Peter Stuyvesant with his wooden leg which he " "^ 
 could stamp down and use very much as in later days 'big sticks' are 
 used in this country. 
 
 "And I remember reading in that history that Peter Stuyvesant 
 instituted the New Year's custom of not only greeting all the citizens 
 in a very hearty manner, but also of kissing all the young ladies that 
 pleased him. Now, I don't know whether I ought to say this in the 
 presence of ladies, but while I have not been a long time in America, 
 I have gathered that that institution of kissing has become a most 
 interesting way of honoring and of practical hero worship. 
 
 "I was describing why I felt like Hudson, coming to this Hudson- 
 Fulton Celebration, and I must go on. After having found this 
 delightful welcome on Manhattan Island, I took two days ago a mod- 
 ern conveyance — the Empire State Express — to go and visit the 
 Mohawks. And what did I find ? I met with the heartiest of 
 welcomes. I found the city, the streets of which were lined with 
 miles of my national colors. I saw on every street the orange, the 
 white and the blue — the old colors of our rebellion, not the colors 
 of the Netherlands, not the colors of the United Colonies — but the 
 first colors of the revolt against the tyranny of Spain — the decora- 
 tions they had adopted, the white and blue, and they were working 
 for the Prince of Orange, and that is the original of the orange, blue 
 and white. And next to that, I saw in the streets of Albany, the 
 red, white and blue — the colors of United Netherlands, the colors 
 which we have kept ever since in our flag; the colors that we were the 
 first to salute in 1776, on the Island of St. Eustatius, the colors of the 
 Star Spangled Banner. And I found not only the colors, but I 
 found so much that reminded me of the Hollanders; I found the 
 Holland Society, by which we were so heartily welcomed last night 
 and this afternoon, and I asked for a list of the names, and I found 
 pages full of nothing but Dutch names, and many among those 
 whom I am happy to hear are the most prominent citizens of your 
 city. One of them I am happy to see wearing this evening around 
 his neck the orange colors. And I was telling my Dutch friends this 
 afternoon, 'Now, let's have a good time. Let's eat and drink all we 
 can, for we are sure to be in the hands of a generation of the greatest 
 medical men in this country.' 
 
1040 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Minister "Gentlemen, not only was I welcomed by the citizens; I was 
 I^udon welcomed in the first place by that most charming man, who is seated 
 next to me — your Mayor, and a hearty welcome he has given us. 
 And I have been welcomed by Governor Hughes and I know that 
 every American, and I should say every man who knows even to a 
 slight degree what Governor Hughes stands for, would be proud to 
 be received by such a man on his own ground. 
 
 "Gentlemen, we have heard much in these days of the influence 
 of Holland on America. I am proud of that influence, but I must 
 say at the same time that I feel that we are not the only ones — not 
 by far — and we have certainly not had the greatest influence on 
 the spirit of America on the present day — that American spirit, 
 which is undeniably a spirit of its own; that great mighty spirit which 
 assimilates very often in one generation the composite elements of 
 so many nations; that wonderful spirit that we admire, in the world 
 particularly, because we feel here that this spirit represents especially 
 the development of the sense of personal responsibility of a man. 
 It would be presumptuous, it would be untruthful to say, that that 
 spirit is due to Holland. But at the same time, it is as much of the 
 spirit of a Nation as can be attributed to the institutions that were 
 brought to that country. I am proud to say that we of Holland 
 have had something to do with it. They were brought over, as I was 
 pointing out the other day in New York, not only by Dutchmen, and 
 certainly not chiefly by Dutchmen, but they were brought over here 
 by Englishmen. They were brought over by Englishmen who came 
 over to Holland — Englishmen who had those tendencies toward 
 freedom and independence and who found in Holland the institutions 
 based upon those ideas of freedom, of free education and of a free 
 church, which were so delightfully represented in floats this after- 
 noon — those school children — children of the free school and 
 church, a free church in a free State. Those institutions and many 
 others besides came from Holland, and I am proud to state this. 
 
 "There is another thing that I am so happy to state on this occasion, 
 gentlemen, and that is, to see you all recognize the influence of our 
 institutions — those institutions which, so to say, emerged and came 
 to their highest expression in the days of our great struggle for inde- 
 pendence. I am glad that those institutions mean so much here 
 in the present day in this Republic. I am glad that the royalty of 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1041 
 
 the Netherlands means so much and is so much appreciated. It is a Minister 
 pleasure to me — a representative of a Monarchy — to be able to °" °" 
 speak so freely in a Republic. It is a pleasure, because I can speak so 
 freely, because I feel that America understands so thoroughly what 
 royalty means in our country. In our country every man is as free and 
 democratic, I think I can say, as in your country, and they have high 
 ideas embodied in the presence of that living sample of our unity. 
 Her Majesty, the Queen. The Queen represents to us Hollanders the 
 whole line of magnificent men who fought and who helped us to fight 
 for our independence. Since I have been here I have heard many 
 expressions of the same kind. I thank you for the enthusiasm which 
 you bear to our Queen. I find that, whenever her name is uttered, 
 there is a sort of feeling of respectful affection. You cherish her, of 
 course in a different way, with the same interest, with the same human 
 interest that we bear to our sovereign — that august, that fair and 
 beloved sovereign, who represents all that is best, and represents all 
 our higher ideals. 
 
 "And now, gentlemen, and particularly all you Hollanders, descend- 
 ants of those Dutchmen who crossed the seas to come to this fair land, 
 I may not ask you to drink to her health — but I am going to ask you 
 to join with me and drink the health of the representative of the Nation 
 that not only cherishes but respects and admires that sovereign of 
 ours. I am going to ask you to drink to the whole of America, Mr. 
 Taft, the President of the United States." 
 
 THE TOASTMASTER: "Gentlemen: I have to-day received Hon. 
 many congratulations. Many pleasant things have been said to me, ^- ^• 
 but none more so than the utterance of my friend, the Minister on 
 my right, who said to me, 'I have visited many places, but no where 
 have I been able to get so near to the people as I have in Albany.' 
 I take this, gentlemen, as a great compliment to the hospitality of 
 Albany. We are proud to have had with us to-night the repre- 
 sentative of Queen VVilhelmina. As I said to-day at Riverside Park, 
 Albany is proud of her sons, many of whom have distinguished 
 themselves in the State and Nation. I am proud that one of them is 
 present with us to-night. The gentleman whom I have in mind has 
 recently obligated the people of Albany to him, and I desire here and 
 now to thank him, in the name of the people of the City of Albany, 
 for his kindness, his courtesy and his help and service in sending to 
 66 
 
1042 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 our city the United States troops, who have and are so splendidly 
 giving our people a practical lesson in the arts of war. Gentlemen, 
 I have the great pleasure of introducing your townsman. Gen. 
 Robert Shaw Oliver." 
 Gen.R.S. GEN. ROBERT SHAW OLIVER: "You all know that I 
 Oliver cannot make a speech, and you all know what it means to come home. 
 That is the way I feel to-night. Every one of you here, I think, I 
 have known well — known him and do know him by his first name. 
 And think what it means to come back. All I have ever achieved 
 apparently, I think — what little it is — I owe to my good friends of 
 Albany who have stood by me in everything that I have ever attempted, 
 who pushed me forward, and my gratitude is deeper than I can 
 express. If there is anything I could do in any way to help forward 
 this great undertaking, I was only too glad to do it. And believe me, 
 that but for your public-spirited Mayor, this would not have been 
 done. But thanks to him and his energies, it was possible to bring 
 to you this small detachment of the Army, to show you what our 
 Army is. I wish to Heaven that you all knew it better, for I believe 
 that the better you know the Army, the better people you would be, 
 for the standard in the Army of honor and of devotion to duty is 
 unequalled by any class of men in this country. 
 
 "Now, gentlemen, I cannot make a speech. I simply want to 
 thank you most heartily and most sincerely for the honor you have 
 done me by inviting me to take part with you and naming the camp 
 after me. I assure you that I feel it deeply, and I thank you greatly." 
 Hon. THE TOASTMASTER: "Gentlemen: It is not my privilege 
 
 H. F. to-night to call upon a representative of the Navy, but I want to say 
 ^nyder j^^^ ^ word for that arm of the United States Government. I have 
 in mind the most memorable voyage in the history of the world, that 
 memorable voyage of the Oregon. In a long black trail of smoke 
 and a ribbon of foam, she had encircled the earth without a pause 
 for breath. The thunder of her lips of steel over the shattered hulk 
 of a European Navy proclaimed a giant naval power that caused the 
 hearts of the crowned heads of the earth to tremble in one night. In 
 one day it had been demonstrated that a new naval power had been 
 born. I simply say this to you, gentlemen, because I am unable to 
 call upon a representative of the Navy. 
 
 "Now I want to say just a word about modesty. Modesty is a 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1043 
 
 virtue much to be desired and admired. Among men it is a rare 
 commodity. So that when I see a man who possesses this commodity, 
 I am loath to drag him before the people. The brave man, the good 
 soldier, always has these qualities and virtues and for that reason I 
 hesitate in calling upon the next man on my list. But believing that 
 I have a duty to perform, I am compelled to call upon the most 
 modest man in the Army, Gen. Leonard Wood, the Commander 
 of the Department of the East." 
 
 MAJ.-GEN. LEONARD WOOD: "Your Excellency, Gov- Maj.-Gen. 
 ernor Hughes, Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen: You will realize, I am ^^°°^'''^ 
 sure, that this is a rather difficult introduction to follow after and say 
 anything at all. But I do want to thank you very heartily for your 
 reception to-night, and especially for your reception of the troops 
 which have been with you. You do not realize, perhaps, how much 
 better they have done for the cordial support you have given them. 
 Every officer and man whom I have spoken to, and I have spoken to 
 a good many of them to-day, have felt that the cordiality of your 
 welcome has given them spirit and life, and made this thing go. 
 We all of us have been very much impressed with the fine spirit that 
 the City of Albany has shown and I think even New York can learn 
 something from your demonstrations. And although, like the Gover- 
 nor, I saw most of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration, I am very glad to 
 be able to end my experiences so pleasantly as we are doing here this 
 evening. 
 
 "It is also a great pleasure to be here and in a small way to assist in 
 welcoming the representative of a country whose history in her strug- 
 gles for political and religious liberty have been such an inspiration 
 to us, and also to welcome them as the representatives of that most 
 gracious sovereign, the Queen of the Netherlands. I do not believe 
 that any of you gentlemen have thought, or that you have realized, that 
 the Dutchmen and ourselves are standing shoulder to shoulder in the 
 far East, and that our flags wave side by side. The northern land of 
 the Dutch is opposite the southern part of Mindanao. Some years 
 since we ran on a little island and came across a Dutch flag. None 
 of us knew the island. It was hardly charted. It turned out to be 
 the northernmost Dutch island, a very well organized little colony, 
 with public schools, and a Dutch Governor, and very completely 
 established. 
 
I044 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Maj.-6en. "In the Philippines, when we want to get a change of climate, we 
 eonard j^j^g ^ j^q^^ ^^^j g^ down to some Dutch island. We are talking to 
 Dutchmen on the banks of the Hudson when we are shaking hands 
 with them in the Philippines, and I believe they are glad to see us out 
 there, and we are glad to be out there with them, for they can teach 
 us a great deal from their Dutch government. 
 
 "If anyone wants to see how a heavenly island looks, he wants to 
 go to the Island of Java, and he cannot help but admit that the results 
 have been far ahead of anything seen in the East. I think that all 
 who are in any way familiar with the Dutch colonial work will take 
 oflF their hats and make a low bow, and hope they may be successful. 
 They are now advancing in the lines of self-government very rapidly, 
 and I think we shall soon be traveling along the same lines in the 
 far East. 
 
 "Gentlemen, I want to thank you very much for your kind 
 
 reception." 
 
 Hon. THE TOASTMASTER: "Gentlemen: Albany to-night is proud 
 
 H« ^- to have at her gate the replica of the Half Moon. We are proud to 
 
 welcome within those gates the commander of that vessel. We are 
 
 glad to know that the people of the Netherlands in their generosity 
 
 have sent to our shores that splendid reproduction of the first vessel 
 
 to ascend the historic river that bears the name of the great commander 
 
 of the Half Moon. It is my very great pleasure to introduce to you as 
 
 the next speaker the commander of the Half Moon, Lieutenant Lam. " 
 
 Lieut. LIEUTENANT LAM: "Gentlemen: The great reception which 
 
 William has been prepared for the Half Moon and the officials of the Half 
 
 *™ Moon is an example of great courtesy and great hospitality, such as 
 
 only can be shown here in the United States, especially in the State 
 
 of New York. We hope in time her memory will remain with you. 
 
 This is the first time I have had an opportunity to become acquainted 
 
 with the State of New York. We have had a good time during our 
 
 stay here — a jolly time. I am sure that the crew of the Half Moon 
 
 are very thankful and very grateful for the kind reception they have 
 
 had here, in the State of New York." 
 
 Hon. THE TOASTMASTER: "Gentlemen: In the early days of the 
 
 H- F- settlement of Albany, we read of the old Dutch church over which 
 
 ^^ " the good dominie presided. We have with us to-night his legitimate 
 
 successor, the Rev. James S. Kittell, whom I now have the pleasure 
 
 of introducing. " 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1045 
 
 REV. JAMES S. KITTELL: "Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen: Rev. J. 
 It is a long space — a short space in matter of time, but a "® 
 long space in matter of progress that we are celebrating to-night 
 — from the little ship Half Moon to one of the majestic ocean 
 steamers, the Mauretania or the Lusitania. It is a long strike from 
 the glimmering lanterns on the Half Moon to the splendid electric 
 decorations which we have in this and other cities that are celebrating 
 this Hudson-Fulton Celebration. And as we go back over the years 
 we realize that the one thing we are celebrating to-night is the spirit 
 of the fathers — the men who have made this thing possible, the man, 
 first of all foreigners, who cast the shadow of a sail across this upper 
 Hudson, and the man who made possible the great progress in indus- 
 try and commerce, by sending the steamboat along the waters of the 
 Hudson. It was the spirit of these men that took a little strip of 
 territory along the Atlantic coast and spread its borders north and 
 south and west until now the sun does not set upon our western 
 territory until it has risen on our eastern territory. It was the spirit 
 of these men that made possible the digging of canals, the stretching 
 of steel rails, the hanging of wires, and the great industrial achieve- 
 mentsof our Nation, that has made itof great importance in thehistory 
 of the world. It was also the spirit of these men given to the higher 
 institutions, the schools, the church and the State, that has made 
 possible this land of ours. 
 
 "To-night I represent only one thing, as the Minister of the Old 
 Dutch Church in this old Dutch colony, and that is, the spirit of the 
 religion of the Dutch colonists; for at the very beginning of their life 
 here, there was manifested their interest in things religious. And, 
 at the very beginning, being without a minister, because of the cus- 
 toms of the Dutch Church, a visitor, a layman, held services in the 
 homes of the people, and as early as 1642 an ordained minister was 
 sent from the classis of Amsterdam and a church was built in this 
 colony. The religious spirit of these Dutch is manifested in the 
 little incident that happened in the early history, when a French 
 priest from the Champlain territory fell into the hands of the Indians, 
 and from them was rescued by the Dutch and protected in the home 
 of the first minister. Dominie Megapolensis. That is how it is the 
 land of religious freedom, where every phase of protestantism has 
 reached its highest development, and where the great Catholic church 
 
1046 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev. J. S. has come to the greatest power. It is the spirit, as in everything else, 
 ^'"®'' the spirit of liberty, in which every man's rights are recognized in 
 religion as in everything else. 
 
 "There is an old tradition among the Germans, how, on a bright 
 moonlight night once a year, at a certain place, the spirits of departed 
 friends return and wander over the old familiar haunts of their days 
 here upon earth. Whether that be true or not, it makes little dif- 
 ference, or whether it be admitted to be true that the spirits of the 
 dead do return. In the midst of this Celebration that has almost 
 closed, this great Hudson-Fulton Celebration, you are mingling the 
 laughter and joy of this night with the tears of the men who made 
 America possible." 
 
 The banquet was closed by a benediction by the Rev. 
 Charles S. Bullock. 
 
 On Saturday morning, October 9, the naval parade left 
 Albany for Troy. 
 Sunday The Celebration in Albany came to a close on Sunday 
 Service gyening, October 10, with exercises in Harmanus Bleecker 
 Hall. Governor Hughes presided and announced the various 
 parts of the program. After a quartet of horns by Gart- 
 land's Band, the congregation sang a hymn beginning, "Lord 
 of all being, throned afar." The hymn was followed by an 
 invocation by the Rev. Walton W. Battershall, D.D., Rector 
 of St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church; music by the 
 Temple Male Quartet; the Scripture lesson read by the Rev. 
 Max Schlesinger, Rabbi Emeritus of the Temple Beth 
 Emeth; an address of about three minutes by Governor Hughes; 
 and then the principal address of the evening by the Rev. 
 Henry Van Dyke, D.D., LL.D., of Princeton University. 
 Doctor Dr. Van Dyke spoke for about twenty-five minutes on the 
 
 Y^^ subject of "Discovery and Invention." The central idea of 
 his address was that the real value of a new land discovered 
 depended on the men who settled it and the ultimate worth 
 of an invention was conferred by the people who used it. He 
 urged his hearers to remember that their task was not to pro- 
 
Albany Ceremonies 1047 
 
 duce something brand new and disconnected from the past, Doctor 
 but to sift out and to unfold the noblest ideals of our ancestral *^^ 
 nations, steadily to better the best that we have received, and 
 so to make a country which shall be able in the future, as in 
 the past, to assimilate and mould all the forces of vigorous and 
 intelligent manhood which the Old World sends to it. He 
 then spoke of Hudson and Fulton and their similarity in the 
 one respect that both focused their purposes on doing the 
 things set before them and sticking to those purposes. But 
 geographical exploration, he said, was nearly at an end and 
 times and problems were changed. The problem now immi- 
 nent, as presented by immigration and progress in this country, 
 was, in his mind, the exploration and conservation of natural 
 resources, and the learning how to economize and improve. 
 With respect to the field of invention, he said that its limits 
 had not yet been reached, but he expressed the hope that the 
 time was near when the full force of human invention would 
 be turned from the making of machines which dealt death, 
 to the making of machines which would enrich life and make 
 it easier for all men to create peaceful and comfortable homes, 
 to dwell together in orderly and prosperous communities, and 
 to possess in universal peace the common heritage of the earth. 
 The last thought which he elaborated was that discovery and 
 invention were not ends but means to ends; and that those 
 ends were not merely the opening of new land to human 
 habitation and the harnessing of new forces for human service, 
 but the developing of noLler and finer men and women to 
 inhabit the earth and use its forces. 
 
 The congregation then sang "America" and the meeting was 
 closed with the benediction pronounced by the Rev. John J. 
 Dillon, pastor of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Thus was ended the great Historical Hudson-Fulton Cele- 
 bration in the ancient City of Albany. 
 
zation 
 
 F 
 
 CHAPTER LVIII 
 
 TROY CEREMONIES 
 
 ''OR the following account of the ceremonies in the City 
 of Troy we are indebted to Mr. Bert E. Lyon: 
 Local About three hundred years ago Henry Hudson, an Eng- 
 
 History jjgj^ mariner, sailed in his sturdy little Half Moon up the Hudson 
 River and pronounced the country good. In 1629 Kiliaen Van 
 Rensselaer became patroon of Rensselaerwyck Manor, the 
 northern part of which embraced the site on which stands the 
 City of Troy. In 1660 Jan Barentsen Wemp was the first 
 white man, so history declares, to make a public settlement 
 above the Wynanskill Creek. From that date until 1791 
 numerous changes were made on the face of this new wood 
 and meadow land by the early settlers. In 1791 the County 
 of Rensselaer was formed, and on March 18 of that year 
 the town of Troy was staked out. From that time until the 
 present, Troy has forged ahead. Grappling with the problems 
 as they presented themselves, the men who have graced the 
 chair in the Mayor's office have legislated thoughtfully, con- 
 siderately and wisely for Troy, and Trojans have ever stood 
 loyally by their city, which, nestling cosily at the head of tide 
 water on the east bank of the Hudson River, has always been 
 alive, alert, and aggressive. 
 Local Immediately on the announcement of the plan to hold a 
 
 Organi- Hudson-Fulton Celebration, the citizens of Troy manifested 
 their interest and declared their intention to support the pro- 
 ject in a manner that would not only reflect credit on the city, 
 but also be a hearty endorsement of the plans of the Commis- 
 sion appointed by the Legislature to carry on this commemo- 
 ration. In April 1909, Mayor Elias P. Mann, by official request 
 from the Commission, appointed an Executive Committee of 
 
Troy Ceremonies I049 
 
 twenty-one members. At a meeting of this committee, it was Local 
 suggested that in view of the magnitude of the work to be ^atf^'" 
 accomplished a committee of one hundred and fifty prominent 
 citizens be appointed by the Mayor, which was done. On 
 Friday, May 7, in the Common Council chambers of the City 
 Hall, this committee was called together. The meeting was 
 presided over by the Mayor who presented a brief outline of 
 what he deemed necessary. The members of the committee 
 made suggestions and it was decided that a working organiza- 
 tion be named. This was ultimately done. In the year 1908 
 from September 6 to 9, the City of Troy held what was offici- 
 ally known as "Troy Week," and called back from far and near 
 its citizens in reunion and a renewal of friendship's ties. This 
 was an eminently successful event, and the experience gained 
 in it emphasized the need of system and tireless devotion to 
 this National and International event. The chairmen of the 
 different committees therefore immediately planned for fre- 
 quent meetings, from May, 1909, until the time of Celebration. 
 Hon. Arthur MacArthur of Troy was Chairman of the Upper 
 Hudson Committee, and local committees were organized with 
 the following officers: 
 
 Troy, N. Y., Committee: Mayor Elias P. Mann, President; Hon. Edward 
 Murphy, Jr., Hon. Frank S. Black, Hon. Charles W. Tillinghast, and Hon. 
 John H. Peck, Vice-Presidents; Hon. Peter McCarthy, Treasurer; Mr. Bert 
 E. Lyon, Secretary; and Mr. Philip M. Wales, Assistant Secretary. 
 
 Banquet Committee, Chairman Eugene Bryan. 
 
 Executive Committee: Chairman Cornelius F. Burns. 
 
 Expenditure Committee, Chairman Cornelius F. Burns. 
 
 Finance Committee, Chairman William Barker, Jr. 
 
 Fireworks Committee, Chairman C. G. Eddy. 
 
 Float Committee, Chairman Charles W. Crockett. 
 
 Hilltop Fire and Searchlight Committee, Chairman W. N. Ells. 
 
 Historic Committee, Chairman James H. Potts. 
 
 Instrumental Music Committee, Chairman John J. Hartigan. 
 
 Ladies Committee, Chairman Mrs. S. A. Silliman. 
 
 Parade Committee, Chairman Gen. James H. Lloyd. 
 
[050 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Publicity Committee, Chairman F. W. Joslin. 
 
 Reception Committee, Chairman E. W. Douglas. 
 
 Street Decoration Committee, Chairman Lansdale B. Green. 
 
 Transportation Committee, Chairman F. S. Davis. 
 
 Vocal Music Committee, Chairman C. B. Alexander. 
 
 At a meeting of the Committee of 150 held June 26, 1909, 
 
 Mr. Roche offered the following resolution: 
 
 Memorial 
 
 Park "Whereas, the suggestion has been made that in each city along 
 
 the Hudson River where celebration is to be had of the Hudson- 
 Fulton commemorative events, a suitable permanent memorial 
 thereof should be established; and 
 
 "Whereas, the vacant piece of ground along the Hudson River, 
 between Second and Fifth streets in the City of Troy, which commands 
 a beautiful, picturesque and extended view of that great waterway 
 and of the country to the west thereof, would, if kept open and dedi- 
 cated to public use, constitute a permanent and appropriate memorial 
 of the two great events connected with the history of the said 
 river; 
 
 "Now, therefore be it resolved, by the committee of citizens 
 appointed by His Honor the Mayor to make suitable arrangements 
 for the coming Celebration, that in their opinion the land referred to 
 should be acquired by the City of Troy and be improved and laid 
 out as a public park and that in commemoration of the coming Cele- 
 bration the said park should be named the Hudson-Fulton Park; 
 
 "And be it further resolved, that the Mayor and the Common 
 Council of the said city are respectfully requested to declare that 
 it is the intention of the City of Troy to acquire such lands for the 
 purpose aforesaid and that said city, in due season, will take proper 
 measures to carry out the intention of this resolution." 
 
 In pursuance of the foregoing recommendation, the Common 
 Council adopted the following ordinance on July 2, 1909: 
 
 "An ordinancfe providing for the acquisition and improvement of 
 lands for a public park to be known as Hudson-Fulton Park, and for 
 the establishment of a permanent memorial of the Hudson-Fulton 
 events and of the Celebration thereof. 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1051 
 
 "The City of Troy, in Common Council convened, ordains as Memorial 
 follows: ^^'^ 
 
 "Section i. That the vacant tract of land situate on the west 
 side of Second avenue, between Second and Fifth streets and extend- 
 ing from said avenue, to the Hudson River, shall be acquired for the 
 uses of and as a public park of the City of Troy, and shall be laid out, 
 regulated, graded, improved and embellished, for such purpose. The 
 acquisition of such land is declared to be for a municipal purpose. 
 
 "Section 2. The said park shall be known as Hudson-Fulton 
 
 Park and it shall be established and dedicated as a permanent 
 
 memorial of the Hudson-Fulton events connected with the history of 
 
 the Hudson River and of the Celebration of such events." 
 
 Decora- 
 
 The virork of dressing the city in gala-day attire was begun t»°°s 
 by the Committee on Public Street Decoration two weeks in 
 advance of the Celebration on October 9. A generous appro- 
 priation had been made for this work, and with plenty of skilled 
 labor and necessary material the work progressed most satis- 
 factorily. The plan provided for an elaborate scheme of 
 arches and decorations covering the heart of the business 
 section. The directors of the Troy and West Troy Bridge 
 Company and the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute made , 
 adequate provision to assist in the decorative feature, and a 
 beautiful scheme of decoration for the bridge was carried out. 
 The official colors, orange, white and blue, with myriads of 
 electric lights transformed the bridge spanning the Hudson at 
 the foot of Congress street into a structure of beauty. Attach- 
 ing itself to the start made on the Watervliet shore and crossing 
 the river, the Troy plan started, and block after block was given 
 the necessary attention until the plan in its entirety was com- 
 pleted. On the street corners, prominently located, were 
 erected huge pillars covered with the official colors and studded 
 with electric lights. On top of these columns were placed 
 large balls decorated and bearing numerous electric lights. 
 Suspended from the columns and reaching across the street 
 were the official colors, to which were added festoons of electric 
 
1052 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Decora- lights, the entire exhibit bearing a generous display of stars 
 and stripes. On Franklin Square was erected a splendid 
 facsimile of a Dutch wind mill, complete in exterior detail. 
 The huge sweeps of the mill as well as the under structure 
 were covered with hundreds of lights. The sweeps were made 
 to revolve and the effect at night was beautiful and dazzling. 
 The public buildings and hundreds of private business houses 
 and residences were literally smothered beneath yards of 
 bunting and scores of flags, shields and the insignia of different 
 organizations. So well was this work executed, that on the 
 arrival of the thousands of visitors exclamations of delight and 
 surprise were heard on all sides. Troy had never appeared so 
 beautiful, and the visitors were impressed with the magnificent 
 program which awaited them. The central arch was erected 
 at the junction of Third street and Broadway. This covered 
 the outline of the square, and was to the credit to the architects 
 (Messrs. Demers & Campaigne) who not only designed this, 
 but also prepared the plans and outlines for the entire decorative 
 scheme. From this center radiated miles of wire bearing thou- 
 sands upon thousands of electric lights through the city streets. 
 
 Public The city officials gave such magnificent police protection 
 
 during the Troy Week event, that visitors felt absolutely safe 
 while in the city, and were accorded the attention, courtesy and 
 civility to which they were entitled. The throwing of confetti 
 and the usual accompanying indulgences on such occasions 
 which cause great annoyance to pedestrians was absolutely 
 prohibited, and only a few hours stay in Troy was necessary 
 to win the confidence of the visitors in the capability of the city 
 administration to make their visit here an enjoyable one. 
 
 On Thursday evening, October 7, promptly at 8 o'clock, 
 the Mayor gave the signal to the military band stand on the 
 platform at the City Hall, and to the strains of "The Stars and 
 Stripes Forever," the Troy Celebration began. From Congress 
 street north to Fulton on Third street and from Second to 
 
 Safety 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1053 
 
 Fourth street on State street, thousands and thousands of peo- Carnival 
 pie were massed to add their tribute to the carnival spirit. The 
 arches and electrical decorations were bewildering with their 
 marvelous decorations, and the city seemed turned into a 
 fairy land of beauty. At the foot of Broadway and including 
 the Soldiers and Sailors' Monument on Monument Square, all 
 the way to the beautiful approach of the Rensselaer Polytechnic 
 Institute, the same glorious scene of electrical beauty of color 
 was in evidence. This thoroughfare was packed with a moving 
 mass of interested spectators showing most heartily the Hudson- 
 Fulton spirit. At 10 o'clock the concert closed, and far into 
 the night the beautiful street spectacle was displayed. 
 
 Friday, October 8, was known as Women's Day, and in order Woman's 
 that no interference with the official celebration at Albany ^^^ 
 might occur, no program for the morning was arranged for in 
 Troy. In the afternoon at 3 p. m. in Music Hall, an historical 
 and patriotic meeting was held under the auspices of the 
 Ladies' Federated Organization of this city. This was presided 
 over by Mrs. S. A. Silliman. The invocation was made by 
 Rev. Henry R. Freeman, pastor of St. John's Episcopal Church 
 and the address of welcome by Mayor Elias P. Mann. Greet- 
 ing was given by the Chairman Mrs. S. A. Silliman, who said: 
 
 "It is fitting that we celebrate this occasion. The past week hasMrs. S. A. 
 been to most of us, and certainly to me, a review of the early studies Silliman 
 of geography and history, and I well remember the questions that 
 were asked: 'What is the name of the largest river in the State of 
 New York ?' 'How long is it and where does it rise and into what 
 ocean does it flow?' 'How far is it navigable ?' And I was pleased 
 to know that the head of navigation was Troy. It was six miles from 
 Albany, but it then had a definite location as the head of navigation. 
 It pleased me then and I am pleased now. A little more than a 
 year ago I attended a reception given by Hendrick Hudson Chapter, 
 Daughters of the American Revolution, at Hudson and the Hudson- 
 Fulton Commission had just been appointed. The regent of the 
 Hudson Chapter urged all to aid in the Celebration, and spoke of 
 
I054 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Mrs. S. A. the Mayor of the City of Hudson, whose name is Henry Hudson, 
 and I thought the combination was idea! — Hendrick Hudson Chapter, 
 the City of Hudson, the Hudson River and Mayor Hudson; and I 
 little thought that in less than a year I should be called upon to intro- 
 duce the Mayor of our city. And in thinking how I might best 
 introduce him I find I am able to confer upon him a title of a more 
 ancient order than that of Hudson or Fulton — the ancient name of 
 a navigator who is able to sail through the air without the aid of a 
 twentieth century invention, or even to sail over the waters of the 
 rivers without the aid of Fulton's invention. This is the name of 
 the great traveler who has carried truth and light even from pole to 
 pole and who might tell us to whom belongs the honor of discovering 
 the North Pole; and so I confer upon him a no mean title, and I 
 introduce Mayor Mann as 'The Mann in the Moon' " (holding up 
 one of the little Half Moon programs). 
 
 Mayor Mann responded to this greeting as follows: 
 
 Hon. "I gladly accept the invitation to attend this historical meeting 
 
 Elias P. 25 J appreciate what Troy women have done for our city. There is 
 Mann . ■ r . ,- ■ , • , ■ . . r i ■ • 
 
 no object of public mterest which is brought to successful termination 
 
 without the cooperation of the women. The management of many 
 charitable institutions is largely in their hands, and we are indebted 
 to them for good business methods in raising money for their support. 
 We have two playgrounds for the young children which were inaugu- 
 rated and mainly supported by self-sacrificing women. In the public 
 schools strong, cultivated women are making character for the children 
 of this city through education, and I am glad to testify to the satis- 
 factory work they are doing. Our famous school for girls bears the 
 name of one who was first to establish a school for the higher educa- 
 tion of women, and through the generosity of another woman, a 
 former pupil of this school, rich endowments have come to our great 
 schools of learning. Last year the women of Troy gave able assist- 
 ance to our Old Home Week exercises, and this year they are nobly 
 helping with the Hudson-Fulton Celebration. I want to congratulate 
 the President of the Women's Committee on the splendid executive 
 ability shown by her and the women associated with her. As Mayor, 
 I am glad to extend a cordial greeting to the women of Troy, and to 
 their friends who are with us this afternoon. I hope that this Hudson- 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1055 
 
 Fulton Celebration will make us prouder of our country's achieve- 
 ments and loyal to our own City of Troy." 
 
 At the conclusion of Mayor Mann's speech, an address was Rev. 
 given by Rev. C. Waldo Cherry, pastor of the Second Pres- '^ ' 
 byterian Church, as follows: 
 
 "The Hudson River is lined to-day from mouth to source with noble 
 cities and populous communities, and with one accord they unite 
 to pay honor to the name of Henry Hudson. An ancient monarch 
 had as many jewels in his crown as he had cities in his realm; so thus we 
 have a blazing diadem to-day to place upon the brow of the great 
 explorer. It is studded with cities as with jewels. In the center, 
 like a great glowing ruby throbbing with the red blood of a nation, 
 we set the greatest city of the New World. In this diadem, one of 
 the most conspicuous and brilliant jewels is represented by that fair 
 city which sits like a queen enthroned where the navigation of the 
 great river begins and ends — our own noble City of Troy. Per- 
 sonally I have no doubt that the eye of the great navigator rested on 
 that beautiful plain with its surrounding hills which afterward 
 became the site of our city. Hudson was not a man to stop while 
 he could go on and there was anything more to be discovered. And 
 there was nothing to stop the course of the Half Moon until she came 
 to the rapids at the north of the city. The log of the Half Moon and 
 the conditions of contemporaneous Indian tribes living in the vicinity 
 bear reasonable evidence that he penetrated thus far. Be that as 
 it may, Troy owes its beginnings to the journey of Hudson and to 
 the sturdy Dutch pioneers whom he induced to follow after him. The 
 first settlers from Holland came in 1659. The first name given to 
 the region of which Troy is a part was Pafraets Dael, meaning the 
 'Paradise of the lazy man.' It was the abundant fertility of the 
 region that suggested this name to the first explorers and drew from 
 them the conclusion that dwellers in this favored spot could obtain 
 a living without work. Sometimes one thinks that there are a few 
 of the dwellers in modern Troy to-day who still persist in this illusion. 
 In 1720 Derick Van der Heyden obtained from the patroon a grant 
 of 490 acres along the Hudson. This property was the site of the 
 City of Troy. For his occupancy of this property he paid an annual 
 ground rent of 3 J bushels of wheat and 4 fat fowls. Modern inhabit- 
 
[056 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Cherry 
 
 ants of Troy will doubtless agree that he had no just ground for 
 C^W. complaining that rents were excessive. With the close of the Revo- 
 lutionary War the men of Vermont and New England came pouring 
 over the mountains, seeking homes and wealth. The heirs of Derick 
 Van der Heyden were persuaded to sell portions of their property 
 to these emigrants from time to time and thus was formed the village 
 of Van der Heyden, which in the year 1798 consisted of five small 
 stores and about a dozen dwelling houses and whose name soon 
 after was changed in favor of the classic appellation of Troy. 
 
 "What amazing contrast between that day and this! Where 
 there was a handful of settlers now there is a teeming population of 
 76,000. Where there were a few rude dwellings scattered among 
 the forest and clearings, now there are miles of paved streets lined with 
 mansions and business blocks and schools and churches. Where 
 there was an Indian dug-out or a rude barge moored to the bank, 
 now there are steamers as sumptuous as a palace and swift as the 
 wind. Where there was the silence of primeval forests, unbroken 
 save for the hunting cry of the Indian or the report of the settler's 
 musket, now there are the noise of machinery, the whistle of the 
 locomotive, the roar of traffic, and all the stir of a city's pulsing life. 
 Such is the mark of progress, such the wonders that time has wrought. 
 Great names shine forth in these years. Tibbits, Burden, Griswold, 
 Warren, and a host of others — captains of industry, giants of busi- 
 ness, shrewd, far-sighted and aggressive, whose spirit kindled commer- 
 cial enterprise, turned the wheels of industry and thus kept Troy in 
 the march of progress and prosperity. 
 
 "But the advancement of a city cannot be measured merely by 
 the growth of her population, by the money in her banks or her 
 mercantile interests. It is to be found in the moral and intellectual 
 fibre of her citizens. Victor Hugo has said: 'He who opens a school 
 closes a prison.' And another great man has told us that ' Religion 
 is the handmaiden of civilization.' Therefore another great cause 
 of the progress of Troy in the past is to be found in the interest of 
 her citizens in the culture of the higher life. Troy has been a religious 
 city from the beginning. Her sixty-nine churches of to-day have 
 sprung from the seed sown by the godly men of the past. Before 
 there was a church building in Troy public worship was held 
 in the ball chamber of Ashley's tavern. The conch-shell used at 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1057 
 
 the ferry was blown Sabbath morning with a slow and prolonged Rev. 
 sound, calling her people to worship. As the population of the village " 
 increased the need of a church building led to the organization of a 
 Presbyterian congregation in the town of Troy, who called Rev. 
 Jonas Coe to become their minister. Such was the beginning of 
 the First Presbyterian Church. One after the other churches arose 
 to meet the needs of the growing population: St. Paul's Episcopal 
 Church, which received aid from Trinity Church, New York, towards 
 erecting its first building and which for twenty years possessed the 
 only organ in Troy and probably in the whole country; the First 
 Baptist Church, which had the first clock tower in this city; St. 
 Peter's Catholic Church, built to meet the needs of our Irish immi- 
 gration. Such was the activity and earnest spirit of these churches, 
 so rapidly did they grow in their influence over the community, that 
 from time to time many of them sent off swarms to organize con- 
 gregations in newer sections of this city. These churches had a 
 deep and lasting influence in moulding the life and character of the 
 community. They became the centers of great revivals, whose 
 waves of spiritual power swept through the entire city and gathered 
 multitudes of converts under the spell of such eloquent and earnest 
 men as Poe, Beeman, Tucker and Father Havermans. The citizen- 
 ship of Troy was moulded into the strength and nobility of Christian 
 manhood and womanhood. 
 
 "Nor were the interests of education forgotten. If the first 
 instinct of the New England pioneer was to found a church, his next 
 was to build a school. And it is to that thirst for education that 
 Troy owes her noblest institutions of learning. We must go back 
 to a square, two-story building that stood in the year 1824 upon the 
 corner of River and Middleburgh streets, to find the beginnings of 
 the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, which is to-day one of the 
 greatest schools of engineering in the world, which has sent her sons 
 forth to the achievement of such splendid accomplishments as the 
 building of the Brooklyn Bridge and the Williamsburg Bridge and 
 the Panama Canal. Let us record it also that Troy responded first 
 to the call of the higher education of women, and in welcoming Emma 
 Willard gave the young women of this city and country the oppor- 
 tunity for an education upon the same plan of study as was then 
 pursued by young men in the various colleges of the land. 
 67 
 
[058 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Rev. " Our hearts thrill even yet when we read of that mighty conflict 
 
 „: between the Monitor and the Merrimac, for it was no ordinary battle. 
 
 Cherry . , ■' 
 
 It was a duel of nations. The destinies of two warring peoples lay 
 
 concealed in those iron crafts; and when the Monitor drove back the 
 iron clad Merrimac, crippled and defeated, her victory saved the 
 Union. But the nation owes the Monitor to the enterprise and 
 patriotism of men of Troy. It was John A. Griswold and John F. 
 Winslow of this city who first carried to Washington the model of 
 the iron clad invented by John Ericsson, and the plating which 
 covered her decks and resisted the bolts of the Merrimac was forged 
 at the Rensselaer and Corning iron works. So long then as the 
 memory of the victory of the Monitor survives, so long as men shall 
 recall the heroism of Bemis Heights and Gettysburg, so long will 
 Troy's service of her country place her name upon the roll of honor. 
 "Enterprise, industry, character and service — these have been 
 the cornerstones upon which the past has built the structure of Troy's 
 greatness. We shall need them for the future as well. As Elisha 
 besought Elijah, when the great master passed from his sight into 
 the heavens, so our only petition of these mighty Trojans who have 
 passed from us in the past is that a double portion of their spirit 
 may be upon us, that we may be quickened by their energy, kindled 
 by their ideals and dominated by their spirit of service, for thus Troy, 
 our beloved city, shall continue in the march of progress; shall con- 
 tinue to sparkle as a pure and glorious gem in the diadem of the 
 Hudson." 
 
 Hon 
 A. 
 
 Following this address was one given by Hon. Michael A. 
 IRerney Tiemey, Judge of Rensselaer County, as follows : 
 
 "Robert Juet, the clerk of Henry Hudson the navigator, wrote 
 in his diary the day he anchored near the Navesink Highlands these 
 pleasant words: 'This is a very good land to fall with, and a pleasant 
 land to see.' And after spending a month in Hudson Valley and 
 coming as far north as Troy, Hudson wrote: 'It is as pleasant a 
 land as one need tread upon.' The estimate which Hudson had of 
 both places seems to have been a most proper one. The land that 
 he said was 'good to fall with' has become the great metropolis 
 of the west, and its more than four millions of inhabitants testify to 
 the correctness and popularity of Hudson's prophecy. The land 
 
Troy Ceremonies io59 
 
 which he said was 'as pleasant as one need tread upon' we may well Hon. 
 
 M. A. 
 Tierney 
 
 presume was the vicinity in which our own fair city rests, which has 
 ever been a pleasant home to all who come to it. It was, indeed, a 
 brave man who, prompted by adventure and glory, agreed to traverse 
 unknown seas in the miniature and fragile craft, the replica of which 
 we now view with wonderment and in which even the most reckless 
 sailors of to-day would hesitate to attempt any ocean voyage, not to 
 speak of crossing from continent to continent. But our wonderment 
 is changed to almost speechless amazement when we contrast that 
 little boat with the magnificent ocean greyhounds that cross from 
 side to side in less than five days. What energy, what courage, what 
 enterprise, what determination must have encompassed the hearts 
 of that little band of voyagers starting out from home to go they 
 scarcely knew whither, and what must have been their thoughts on 
 that long, cheerless voyage. Is it surprising that when there fell 
 upon their gaze a beautiful river emptying its blue waters into the 
 sea, or when, later, they had followed that river through the High- 
 lands past Old Storm King and on up into the hills that surrounded 
 them here, they gave expression to exclamations of joy ? 
 
 "It is not for me to speak of Hudson, of Fulton, or of the days that 
 are past. My theme is of the present and future, and it is all of 
 Troy — Troy with its many charitable institutions; Troy with its 
 schools and great seats of learning; Troy with its music and art; 
 Troy with its manufacturing industries; and above all, Troy with 
 its opportunities, its natural advantages, its energies and its hopes. 
 Here charity is dispensed with unostentatious but lavish hand, and 
 our numerous homes and orphanages bear testimony of Trojan 
 large-heartedness and good will. Out hospitals are splendidly equip- 
 ped, a new Maternity Hospital now being completed, sharing honors 
 with the best in our community, and the superior skill of our hospital 
 surgeons is recognized far and wide. Here is the largest horseshoe 
 industry in the world; here are the largest manufacturers of optical 
 and mathematical instruments in America; here are made ninety per 
 cent of the collars and cuffs and about twenty per cent of the shirts 
 manufactured in the United States. About fourteen thousand 
 operators are employed in this industry alone, and about sixteen 
 millions of money expended upon it annually. Here are public and 
 private and parochial schools not surpassed in rating and efficiency 
 
io6o The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. by any in the State, and the school buildings now being built and 
 ■ ■ in prospect bear great promise for the future. Here is the most 
 renowned technical school, here the oldest and one of the greatest 
 ladies seminaries, all indicative of the opportunity for education, for 
 making of men and women who will be an honor to the Nation, the 
 State, and their home. 
 
 "And just here I will ask your kind permission to deviate for a 
 moment from the subject before me to pay a tribute to a woman 
 whose love for Troy and its institutions of learning has made her 
 not only well and favorably known, but beloved by all who are inter- 
 ested in the welfare of our city and in the cause of education. It is 
 said that 'one lives longest who best works out the purpose which 
 makes life worth the living.' And judged by such a standard, this 
 one has lived for us far more than the allotted time on earth. We 
 have only to look about us to see the great benefits which have come 
 to our city through her generosity. Mount Ida Cemetery, but a few 
 months ago neglected and practically abandoned, an eye-sore to all 
 self-respecting citizens of Troy who passed it, to-day by her generosity 
 has been rehabilitated and made a fit resting place for the dead and 
 one of the beauty spots of this city. The great Rensselaer Poly- 
 technic, by her beneficence. Phoenix-like has risen from the ashes and 
 its beautiful and commodious buildings crown the eastern hilltops 
 as if proudly proclaiming honor and praise to the benefactor of that 
 old and renowned institution. And one of the first objects that meets 
 the eye of the visitor as he approaches our city from the east, south 
 or west are the towers of the stately Willard School buildings at the 
 city's eastern limits, sublimely grand in their magnificence, tasteful 
 in their architecture, and dignifying by their every feature the name 
 of their founder and the great generosity of a loving alumnus. And 
 thus has Troy and its institutions of learning been blessed by the 
 lavish hand of its loving friend, its generous benefactress, that dig- 
 nified and noble type of American womanhood, Mrs. Russell Sage. 
 "But I have dwelt on the past and present when I should have 
 talked on the future. Cities cannot live on the past more than 
 families or political parties. I believe that it was Chancellor Kent 
 who said, speaking of families, that they 'must repose upon the virtue 
 of their descendants for the perpetuity of their fame,' and a great 
 Arctic explorer (it would be unsafe at this time to say whether it was 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1061 
 
 Cook or Peary) said to his followers, 'Whoever sits down will sleep and Hon. 
 whoever sleeps will perish.' And so it will be with nations, with states ' ' 
 and with cities. This is the unalterable law of mind, of heart and 
 of matter. To-day the times are full of signs and warnings for Troy, 
 alternately promising and threatening her material and commercial 
 prosperity. What I am now saying will probably be heard and read 
 by many who know better than I the many things which might be said 
 on this subject. I will only remind you of one or two which appeal 
 to me as both important and probable. A few weeks ago a number 
 of progressive, active men inaugurated what they were pleased to 
 term a 'neighborhood outing' in the Beman Park district, and it was 
 my pleasure to be one of the guests on that occasion and to learn 
 from those interested the objects for which it was held. One of the 
 gentlemen said to me: 'We want our Trojan friends to know what a 
 beautiful country surrounds us here. We want them to know that 
 all of this land to the south and east of Beman Park is soon to be 
 improved and beautified. In a short time this will be the most 
 desirable residential part of the City of Troy. The plan that is made 
 shows beautiful lakes or ponds to the center with a villa or parklike 
 effect, surrounding wood, wide roadways or boulevards extending 
 throughout, making large plots of circular, oblong park-shaped forma- 
 tion; the marginal borders of these plots studded with trees and 
 shrubbery, and the very smallest plot seventy by two hundred feet. 
 This whole tract one-quarter to one-half mile in extent and only a 
 little over eight hundred feet from what might be called the center 
 of the city, is to be improved and developed at large expense in the 
 near future and a land company is soon to be formed for the purpose 
 of putting the plan I have but poorly described into execution. Men 
 of influence, of means sufficient to carry it through, of active, pro- 
 gressive, patriotic spirit are behind it and determined to push it on 
 to completion.' And then my attention was called to the vantage 
 point from which the western hills, from the Kayaderosas to the 
 Catskill Mountains, was open to view and it required no prophetic 
 vision to see that all that he claimed for that beautiful tract of land 
 would probably, in five years time, become a reality. 
 
 "The Chamber of Commerce of the City of Troy has been agitating 
 for the past year the widening and deepening of the Hudson River, 
 and by reason of this centennial celebration, and because of the 
 
io62 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. efforts of that energetic body of men, people have been thinking and 
 
 ~^' studying the question of the Hudson River and its possibilities. For 
 
 the past six months the best thought of hundreds of the citizens of 
 
 Troy is being directed towards the development of this river and its 
 
 uses. 
 
 'Clinton's ditch' was dug to bring the products of one part of 
 this State to another. That was its initial purpose, but soon this 
 great work of statesmanship and forecast transcended its mission 
 and bore to the sea from far western States a product greater than that 
 of the river Rhine, flowing as it does through seven sovereignties 
 in the heart of Europe. The Erie Canal brought the products of 
 vast regions across this State and poured them like a river of gold into 
 the great City of New York. Railways came and doubled and trebled 
 but the great West grew more rapidly than the means of transporta- 
 tion; and the great western valleys increasing in population and pro- 
 duction, continued to enrich and make mighty our great eastern 
 metropolis. The need for a greater canal was urged upon the people 
 of New York and millions upon millions of dollars were appropriated 
 for its construction. That work is now in progress, leading from 
 Buffalo on the west through Troy on the east, leading from Lake 
 Champlain on the north to Troy on the south. The probability of 
 canals called feeders, from Seneca, Cayuga and Oneida Lakes, 
 leading into the Barge Canal and extending Oswego Lake to Lake 
 Ontario is neither a vision nor a dream, and I think it is safe to proph- 
 esy that two years will not have passed over our heads before one, 
 if not all of these branch waterways for transportation will have 
 become a reality. You, perhaps, are thinking, 'But what have these 
 to do with Troy?' I answer that they have everything to do with 
 it. If the products of the great State of New York can be carried 
 by improved water transportation across this State and into the harbor 
 of Troy, and the Hudson River widened and deepened so that ships 
 may come into this harbor to receive these products, then Troy will 
 not only be the harbor of these waterways for the State of New York, 
 but the harbor of the nation for them. 
 
 "It is said that in the Adirondack country there is more Iron ore 
 than in any part of the United States. By reason of some element 
 which entered into the composition of this ore, it has, in the past, 
 been difficult to handle it to commercial advantage. Within a short 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1063 
 
 time means have been discovered whereby this foreign element may Hon. 
 be rendered not only harmless but beneficial to the ore, and now the ; 
 only unsolved problem is how can that ore be carried advantageously 
 from its mountain home to the furnaces of the manufacturer ? The 
 answer is by the great waterways which are now being developed and 
 all of which end in Troy. 
 
 "This Hudson River improvement is the subject that has been 
 uppermost in the minds of the officers and members of the Chamber 
 of Commerce for some time. It is the subject that has so engrossed 
 the thoughts of men interested in river transportation and river 
 improvements that they have engaged at a large expense one of 
 the most skilled engineers in the United States, a man recommended 
 by the engineers of the United States Army on account of his ability 
 and skill, to develop a plan for a harbor at Troy, and also for terminal 
 and transfer facilities. It will appeal to you at once that it is of small 
 purpose to bring products by way of water transportation into Troy 
 and stop there. The transformation or consumption of the product 
 is rarely at the terminal point of water transportation, but rather in 
 the inland or exterior sections. So that the purpose of developing a 
 harbor in Troy is to make Troy the distributing point of great water 
 transportation. I was not only astonished but pleased to hear 
 one of the foremost officers of one of the largest transportation 
 lines in the United States a few days since say that he believed 
 that Troy had the best natural advantages as a distributing 
 point of any city in the United States, and he based this con- 
 clusion upon the statement that no other city had so many com- 
 peting railway and water lines extending to all parts of the country. 
 The plan proposed for the development of the harbor includes not 
 only the widening and deepening of the river channel, but also the 
 extending of the docks on either side, the enlargement of the lock 
 leading into the basin on the further side of the river, and the dredging 
 and deepening of the basin itself as a storage dock for boats during 
 the winter season, the directing of the railroad lines of the various 
 railroads to the river front to facilitate the transfer of freight, and in 
 general the development of a condition that will harmonize the land 
 and water facilities. But you will ask, 'How is this to be done and 
 by whom is it all to be accomplished?' I answer, by the exercise 
 of the same kind of energy and thrift as was exhibited by Trojans in 
 
1064 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. the building of the Troy and Boston Railfoad, the Troy and Green- 
 ??.■ bush Railroad, the Troy and Schenectady Railroad, the Rensselaer 
 
 and Saratoga Railroad. The money to build these railroads was 
 furnished almost entirely by enterprising Trojans, and the stocks and 
 bonds of the three last mentioned roads are to-day almost entirely 
 owned and controlled by the children of the men who built these 
 roads. 
 
 "As I said before, the Erie and Champlain Canals and the great 
 railroads have been the channels through which New York has been 
 made the largest and richest city in America. But for twenty years 
 New York City has been losing its hold by reason of the great develop- 
 ment of transportation lines into other cities, and Philadelphia, 
 Baltimore, Newport News, Boston and Montreal have diverted the 
 greater portion of the grain traffic of the West from New York. The 
 development of New York waterways is an effort on the part of 
 thinking men to bring New York back to its own. The work is 
 now going on. Troy is at the head of navigation of the Hudson River, 
 the eastern and southern terminus of the two great barge canals 
 now being built, and has railway lines leading out in all directions. 
 There is no questioning its natural advantages. The only question 
 is, shall the opportunity which is hers be lost by the failure of her 
 citizens to grasp it ? Shall we sit down and passively permit the bene- 
 fits to go to New York City, to Canada, to Pennsylvania, to Maryland, 
 and other parts ? The citizens of Troy can do much to decide these 
 questions. Terminal facilities in this city, elevators, harbor con- 
 ditions, seagoing opportunities — these are factors in the problem 
 as well as canal and railway policies and advantages of route. There 
 is a great unfinished work for this State, but in it there is a great 
 opportunity for this city, and he who lives for ten years will see a 
 vast stake won or lost by what shall be done or left undone. This 
 subject urges itself upon us in a double aspect. Laying aside the 
 inquiry who shall profit by handling an untold traffic, the matter ot 
 cheap transportation touches the property of any section or State of 
 the Union, and touches the prosperity of the great State of New York, 
 and if this opportunity is grasped for Troy, nothing that touches 
 the prosperity of the State of New York can fail to accrue to Troy's 
 advantage. 
 
 " But prosperity, like charity, begins at home. Who would have 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1065 
 
 the rose themselves must grasp the thorn. Every community must Hon. 
 
 M. A. 
 Tiemey 
 
 trim its vineyard, and for the citizenship of Troy I can furnish no , • • 
 
 better example for them to follow than that which is furnished by 
 the hero whose name we honor to-day. But you will say he failed. 
 Aye, yes, failed for the day and the generation that was his own, but 
 not in the light of future years when the merit of his genius has grown 
 and developed beyond his most visionary dreams. The nations of 
 the world send their proudest ships to sail the waters of the stream 
 which he discovered, to pay honor to his enterprise and courage and 
 to proclaim with the great American nations the true glory of Hudson's 
 wonderful achievement. If in 1609 enterprise and courage led to 
 the discovery of the river by Hudson; if in 1807 the inventive genius 
 of Fulton placed the first steamboat upon it; then in 1909 let the 
 courage, the enterprise and genius of our people be put forth in the 
 initial step toward the development of the Hudson River at Troy, and 
 let the good work go on until Troy's name and fame as a transfer 
 station and harbor will spread not alone throughout the nation, but 
 the world." 
 
 The following poem on Robert Fulton was read by Miss**'ss 
 Margaret E. Whitaker: Whita 
 
 A river flashing like a gem, 
 Crowned with a mountain diadem, 
 Invites an unaccustomed guest 
 To launch his shallop on her crest — 
 A pilgrim whose exploring mind 
 Must leave his tardy pace behind: 
 "My bark creeps slow, the world is vast, 
 How shall its space be overpassed ?" 
 
 Responsive to his cry appears 
 A visionary, young in years, 
 Commissioned with prophetic brain 
 The mystic problem to explain: 
 "Where fire and water closest blend, 
 There find a servant and a friend." 
 
 Yet many a moon must wax and wane. 
 With sleepless nights and days of pain. 
 Pleading a monarch's court before, 
 Shrewd processes and study sore, 
 Ere on the silver tide shall float, 
 Swifter than thought, young Fulton's boat. 
 
io66 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 H. E. 
 Whitaker 
 
 And not alone for Hudson^s stream 
 Avails the magic power of steam. 
 Blessings of unimagined worth 
 Its speed shall carry around the earth; 
 Knowledge shall on its pinions fly, 
 Nor land nor race in darkness lie; 
 Commerce her hoards shall freely bring 
 To many an urgent summoning, 
 And Want and Wealth, sundered lands, 
 Shall closely clasp redeeming hands. 
 While master minds' new gospels span 
 The holy brotherhood of man. 
 
 Rest, Fulton, in thy honored grave. 
 Remembered with the wise and brave; 
 Thy message visits every sea, 
 Herald of benefits to be. 
 So nearly may our world relate 
 The mighty movements of her fate. 
 So Doom and Dangers wide apart 
 Appeal to every human heart. 
 
 Official 
 Concert 
 
 And, as one sun doth compass all 
 That shall arise or may befall. 
 One fiat on creation's night 
 Bestowed the blessed boon of light, 
 So shall all life one promise fill 
 For Freedom, Justice and Good-will. 
 
 The attendance at this meeting was magnificent. It was 
 replete with interest and was a most dignified tribute to the 
 Celebration by the ladies having it in charge. To the closing 
 strains of the "American Republic March" by Doring's Band 
 this memorable meeting was brought to a close. 
 
 The citizens passed the hours between this time and the 
 Official Concert in social intercourse with their visitors and 
 guests. 
 
 As early as 7 o'clock the streets in the vicinity of the City 
 Hall became thronged with people anxious for the evening 
 concert to commence. At 8 o'clock the open air concert was 
 given at the City Hall from the grand stand by a chorus of 
 1,000 trained voices, including members of the singing 
 societies, musical organizations, and the Troy High School 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1067 
 
 accompanied by an orchestra of 50 pieces. Keller's "Ameri- 
 can Hymn," the Official Festival song, "Columbia, the Gem 
 of the Ocean," "Hymn of Thanksgiving," the Dutch National 
 song, "To Thee, O Country," and "America" were the pro- 
 gram offered. As on the previous evening, the streets were 
 packed with sightseers, and those within sound of the music 
 listened to the greatest concert that was ever given in the 
 history of the city. The conductors were Messrs. M. T. 
 Moran, Allan Lindsay, C. A. Stein, James J. McLaughlin, Jr., 
 and Bernard Molahn. 
 
 Nature seemed to be in perfect accord with the Celebration, ^^"^^ 
 ' . Parade 
 
 for all over the State the weather was ideal. On Saturday, 
 
 October g, the sun lit up the autumnal coloring with a soft 
 golden glow. As early as 6 o'clock Trojan activity was mani- 
 fested, and thousands of Trojans and their visitors went to the 
 foot of Broadway and Ferry street to secure positions on the 
 boats which were formed into position. At 9 o'clock the start- 
 ing gun was fired; the steamer blew three long blasts on her 
 whistle, then headed south followed by the flotilla line as 
 follows : 
 
 Flagship Sheboga, Charles M. Connolly, Naval Marshal; escorted by the 
 Swizzle and Young America, two fastest motor boats on Upper Hudson. 
 
 Escort Division: Commander E. F. Murray. The Naval Committee boat, 
 J. B. Carr; official boat, Trojan, with Mayor Elias P. Mann and Committee; 
 Rensselaer, Reynolds, Frear, Quackenbush, Safford and the hospital boat 
 Phillips. 
 
 Second Division: F. E. Coykendall, Commander. Harbor boats, tugs 
 and other vessels plying inland waters. The division anchored south of the 
 white disk buoy at Altro Park headed north. This fleet was subdivided, so 
 that one-half was anchored in single file along the east bank and one-half along 
 the west bank of the channel, leaving a clearway of 250 feet. 
 
 Third Division: George D. Cooley, Commander. Tugs and harbor boats 
 hailing from Albany, Troy and ports north of that city; anchored south of the 
 blue disk buoy at Altro Park, one-half of the fleet in single file on the west 
 
io68 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Naval siJe ^f t^g channel, the other on east side, heading north, leaving a clearway of 
 250 feet. 
 
 Fourth Division: C. W. Fagg, Commander. Yachts, motor boats, etc 
 Anchored south of Altro Park at black and white disk buoy. One-half of 
 the fleet anchored in single file on west side of channel, the other half on east 
 side, leaving a clearway of 250 feet. 
 
 The first division proceeded in single file to the Albany 
 freight bridge. The Trojan and Carr proceeded to Albany 
 and took on the Governor and Mrs. Hughes and guests; and 
 other boats anchored below the draw. On the return trip the 
 Naval Committee boat Carr headed the fleet, followed by the 
 Trojan, Half Moon, Rensselaer, Clermont and other boats of 
 the Escort Division. The second and third divisions fell in 
 behind the Escort Division and proceeded to Troy. The fourth 
 division remained at anchor. As the flotilla returned to Troy 
 escorting her distinguished guests, the shores on both sides of 
 the river were lined with thousands of enthusiastic sightseers 
 While passing Island Park, which is located half way between 
 Troy and Albany, another pretty feature of the occasion was 
 the salute of 17 guns fired in honor of the Governor by the 
 Military Tournament Camp Robert Shaw Oliver, encamped on 
 the Island during the week. Upon arrival at Troy, the guns 
 of the Watervliet Arsenal thundered forth a magnificent wel- 
 come, while factory and steamboat whistles voiced a tremendous 
 acclaim to the Clermont, the Half Moon, the old Norwich, the 
 torpedo boats and the revenue cutters. 
 
 On the Trojan was the Executive Committee headed by 
 Mayor Elias P. Mann, with Mr. Cornelius F. Burns, Chairman 
 of the Executive Committee in charge of the active arrangements. 
 The following were the committee: Mr. Victor M. Allen, Hon. 
 Frank S. Black, Mr. A. E. Bonesteel, Mr. Robert Cluett, Mr. 
 C. V. Collins, Mr. D. E. Conway, Mr. E. W. Douglas, Hon. 
 W. H. Draper, Mr. F. C. Filley, Hon. Charles S. Francis, Col. 
 W. W. Gibson, Mr. Lewis E. Griffith, Mr. W. F. Gurley, Dr. 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1069 
 
 C. B. Herrick, Mr. Joseph F. Hogan, Mr. F. E. Howe, Mr. Naval 
 A. M. Ide, Mr. William M. Keenan, Mr. H. S. Ludlow, Mr. ^"*''* 
 Bert E. Lyon, Mr. Peter McCarthy, Mr. A. P. McKean, Mr. 
 F. J. MoUoy, Hon. Edward Murphy, Jr., Mr. Edward Murphy, 
 2d, Hon. J. H. Peck, Mr. W. J. Roche, Mr. James M. Snyder, 
 Mr. C. W. Tillinghast, Mr. Seymour Van Santvoord, and Mr. 
 Walter P. Warren. 
 
 Accompanying Governor Hughes and wife were Gen. 
 Leonard Wood, Gen. Stewart L. Woodford, Adjutant-General 
 Henry, Col. George C. Treadwell, Major R. L. Foster, Capt. 
 R. F. Walton, Capt. W. R. Fearn, Capt. Alonzo Simmons, 
 Capt. D. J. Hogan, Capt. A. M. Reagen, Capt. George M. 
 Alden, Lieut. F. M. Crossett and Lieut. Barry Rich and Mrs. 
 Nelson Henry. 
 
 As the flotilla majestically sailed up the river amid an unusual 
 demonstration, the Governor appeared to be deeply fascinated. 
 Standing at the extreme northern end of the upper deck he 
 commanded an unobstructed view of the scene, and rising 
 from his seat he uncovered and waved his hat again and again 
 to the sightseers on the shore in token of his regard for their 
 efforts. The demonstration was carried to a magnificent 
 climax by the liberal use of aerial fireworks and bombs, the 
 noise of which, accompanied by the greetings on shore and in 
 the smaller boats, made an ovation never to be forgotten by 
 those who were present. The Congress street bridge and docks, 
 the roofs of buildings, and every other view point were occupied 
 by enthusiastic spectators. Doring's full band, the Troy Vocal 
 Society, and the Troy Maennerchor rendered instrumental 
 and vocal music during the voyage. 
 
 At 12.30 o'clock occurred the review of motor boats and 
 yachts. 
 
 At I o'clock luncheon was served on board the Trojan to the 
 distinguished guests and the party accompanying them. 
 
 At 1.45 p. M. Governor Hughes, the commanding officers of 
 
loyo The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Naval the Half Moon and Clermont, and the officers of the Hudson- 
 Fulton Celebration Commission were taken ashore in the 
 Admiral's barge manned by Troy Veterans of the United States 
 Navy and escorted by Indians in canoes. The distinguished 
 guests, Mayor Mann and the local naval committees on the 
 Trojan v^ere ferried by the steamboat Carr to the Broadway 
 landing. 
 Escort ^t 2 P. M. Governor Hughes and the distinguished guests, 
 
 ^en the Mayor and the local committees were escorted by i,ooo 
 school children with Mr. C. F. Burns as Grand Mar- 
 shal to the reviewing stand at the City Hall. This was one 
 of the most pleasing features of the Celebration, and the 
 children made fully as good an impression as they did during 
 Troy Week Celebration in 1908. The Grand Marshal's staff 
 was composed of Mr. Howard D. Bonesteel, Chief of Staff, 
 and Messrs. C. B. Alexander, A. De Pierpont, Henry O'Brien, 
 William B. Frear and Earl C. Tower. The parade formed at 
 I o'clock on State street. The first division was headed by 
 the students of the Troy High School, the Lansingburgh High 
 School, and the Troy Academy wearing academic costumes. 
 They were followed by the pupils of schools 2, 9 and 10, and 
 the Comstock and Whipple schools who paraded as Indians. 
 Then came the pupils of schools i, 7, 12, 13 and 17 representing 
 pioneers and dressed in characteristic costumes. The Dutch 
 company following the band in the second division were the 
 girls of St. Peter's and St. Mary's schools depicting Dutch 
 girls, and the Vanderheyden Cadets following were composed of 
 the boys of schools 3 and 5. Holland colors were represented 
 by the children of St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, and the left 
 of the division was brought up by a squadron of Dutch sailors 
 from St. Joseph's and St. Augustine's schools. The Conti- 
 nental soldiers were at the head of the third division, represented 
 by the children of the Troy Orphan Asylum, and following 
 them came soldiers of St. Lawrence's school and St. Jean 
 
Troy Ceremonies 107] 
 
 Baptiste's school. The pupils of St. Michael's school came Escort 
 next, representing sailors, and then there was another detach- ^^.^^ 
 meat of soldiers, pupils of schools i and 14. More sailors were 
 represented by the boys of the Troy Catholic Male Orphan 
 Asylum, and the final company was composed of Rough Riders, 
 made up of pupils from schools 15 and 16 and the Leonard 
 and Powers schools. 
 
 After the Governor and guests were seated on the stand, 
 the children passed by them in review and after countermarch- 
 ing were also seated on the reviewing stand. The stand was 
 40 feet high and seated 1,200 persons. The sight when the 
 costumed children were seated was novel and effective. Under 
 the direction of Prof. M. T. Moran, Director of Music of 
 the Public Schools, assisted by an orchestra of 50 pieces, 
 patriotic songs were rendered until the arrival of the afternoon 
 parade. 
 
 While the parade was forming and in progress, a banquet was Banquet 
 tendered Mrs. Hughes at the Rensselaer Hotel, with thirty- 
 five in attendance and at which Mrs. S. A. Silliman, the General 
 Chairman, presided. Besides Mrs. Hughes the guests included 
 Mrs. Elias P. Mann, Mrs. Charles S. Francis, Mrs. Stewart L. 
 Woodford, Mrs. Nelson H. Henry, Mrs. R. S. Livingstone, 
 Mrs. Blight, Mrs. McFarland, the Misses Adams and Miss 
 Bullock. The affair was held in the banquet room of the 
 Rensselaer, which was decorated with American flags. The 
 table was in the form of a "T" for Troy, and was handsomely 
 decked with baskets of yellow chrysanthemums placed at 
 intervals and connected with bands of satin ribbon in the three 
 shades, orange, blue and white. The place cards were hand- 
 painted in the Hudson-Fulton colors, and marking the place 
 of Mrs. Hughes, the guest of honor, was a bouquet of yellow 
 chrysanthemums. 
 
 At 2.45 p. M. occurred the Military and Firemen's Parade, f*""^®' 
 the largest ever held in Troy, with Brig. -Gen. James H. 
 
[072 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Street Llovd as Grand Marshal. The following was the order of 
 Parade \ 
 
 parade; 
 
 Military Grand Division 
 
 Detachment of United States Troops. 
 
 Second Regiment, N. G., N. Y., Col. James W. Lester. 
 
 Companies A, E and M., First Regiment, N. G., N. Y. 
 
 Companies E, F, K and N, Tenth Regiment, N. G., N. Y. 
 
 Old Guards of Troy, Citizens Corps, Tibbitts Cadets and Company C. 
 
 Deutschcr Kreiger Verein (German Veterans). 
 
 Veterans of Troy and Vicinity. 
 
 Spanish-American War Veterans. 
 
 Sons of Veterans. 
 
 La Salle Institute Cadets. 
 
 Firemanic Grand Division 
 Schenectady Fire Department. 
 
 Cohoes Fire Department. 
 
 Waterford Fire Department. 
 
 Hudson Fire Department. 
 
 Mechanicville Fire Department. 
 
 Stillwater Fire Department. 
 Hoosick Falls Fire Department. 
 
 Watervlict Fire Department. 
 
 Green Island Fire Department. 
 
 Ballston Spa Fire Department. 
 
 Howard Hose Company and C. A. Bailey H. & L. Company, Rensselaer. 
 
 Citizens' Hose Company, Catskill. 
 
 West Sandlake Fire Department. 
 
 Detached Fire Department. 
 
 Entire Troy Fire Department and its apparatus. 
 
 While the afternoon parade was in progress, Mrs. Hughes 
 and party arrived. They were escorted to seats on the Ladies' 
 Reviewing Stand where a magnificent basket of flowers was 
 presented to Mrs. Hughes by the school children who acted as 
 escort to the Governor. 
 Recep- At 4.30 P. M. a reception was given in the Mayor's office to 
 the Governor and distinguished guests, This was attended 
 by many prominent citizens. 
 
 At 5 p. M. the Governor and distinguished guests were taken 
 in automobiles to view the street decorations. 
 
 lion 
 
Troy Ceremonies io73 
 
 At 6 p. M. the Hudson-Fulton Celebration banquet was given Banquet 
 on board the steamer Trojan, anchored in the Hudson River in xrojan 
 front of Troy. The speaking occurred in the following order: 
 
 COL. ARTHUR MacARTHUR: "Governor Hughes, Invited Col. Mac- 
 Guests, Gentlemen: I say to you that there can be no labor without ^ ^'^ 
 rest — no week without its Sunday, no acknowledgment of great 
 events without the serene satisfaction of victory at the completion of 
 a happy idea. We are at the head of navigation of the Hudson River, 
 beginning at it does in the metropolis of the world, in the City of 
 New York, where the great Henry Hudson, three hundred years ago, 
 entered an unknown water, and where, at the end of an eventful 
 voyage, he rested his Half Moon, a symbol of progress, and an event 
 in the history of the world. At the City of Troy he sent his canoes 
 further north, as the citizens of Troy to-day send out their feeders 
 of commerce and trade to all the surrounding country. 
 
 "We have come up the Hudson River, where brilliantly the events 
 of the communities and municipahties have done all within the scope 
 of their possibilities to make this week memorable in the history of 
 the world. It is said of man that he knows his own greatness 
 and he wonders why his neighbors do not know it also. 
 
 "In this event the people of the United States, symbolized in the 
 toast, who have had its Celebration in charge, have told the world 
 of the greatness of the Empire State. But on the gth day of October 
 in the year 1909, we have arrived at the acme of perfection by entering 
 Troy, not by a wooden horse but by a wooden vessel that memorializes 
 the name of one of the greatest navigators that the world ever knew. 
 
 "As Chairman of the Upper Hudson Committee, it has been my 
 pleasure to accompany the events of these memorable two weeks, and 
 I have listened with eager ears and wondering mind to the speeches 
 that have been made, all commemorative of the one great historical 
 event. And here in Troy, on the water, the great place where an 
 event of this kind can be celebrated, I have the utmost pleasure in 
 presenting to you the Hon. Elias P. Mann, Mayor of Troy, who 
 will now act as Toastmaster." 
 
 HON. ELIAS P. MANN: "Governor Hughes, our Guests and Hon. 
 Gentlemen of the Committee: The Hudson-Fulton Celebration will ^" ^' 
 always be remembered as one of the most important events ever held 
 
[074 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. in this State, rivaled only by pageants sometimes seen in foreign 
 
 , ■ ■ cities. It should be effective in stimulating us in studying more 
 
 Mann , , , ,• r ■ l- ...'=' , 
 
 closely the histor}' ot our country, its achievements, its inventions and 
 
 its resources. The presence of so many distinguished guests will 
 make a famous day in the history of Troy. We have been looking 
 forward to this Celebration, and are glad to see the fruition of all 
 our plans. Troy does well whatever it tries to do, and our guests 
 will be able to say whether we have carried out fully all our plans. 
 
 "It is not my purpose to speak to you about our citizens and about 
 their enterprise and about our advantage as an educational center, 
 but simply to say we welcome you most sincerely. We feel honored 
 by your presence, and can only feebly express the pleasure we feel. 
 
 "About one year ago the City of Troy commenced organizing for 
 this Celebration. A committee of fifteen was appointed which after- 
 wards developed into a committee of 150; and they have all been very 
 active, busy men. But it must be remembered that the original 
 Commission which had in charge all the preliminary arrangements 
 for this great Celebration was started about five years ago; and there 
 is a gentleman here to-night who was a member of the Commission 
 at that time. He is President of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 Commission and I will now call upon him to speak to you — Gen. 
 Stewart L. Woodford." 
 
 General GEN. STEWART L. WOODFORD: "Mr. Mayor, Citi- 
 Wood- zens of Troy and Friends: About two weeks ago to-day we began 
 this Celebration by a review of the great warships that had come to 
 us from all the nations of the world. Day by day the Celebration 
 has progressed, and to-night it fitly closes on the bosom of the river 
 that Henry Hudson explored. It is an honor which an old man 
 deeply appreciates that I have been permitted to be the President 
 of this Commission. If in any place or degree we have failed, it 
 has been by an error of judgment and not an error of heart. If in 
 any small or large degree we have succeeded, it has been because the 
 President of your Commission has had the assistance all the way 
 through of a body of staff officers each of whom was better fitted to 
 be President than the President himself. I thank you for all the 
 services that each and all have rendered. Thanks for the pleasant 
 memories that will live with us all. And here is to the hope that 
 when our grandchildren, one hundred years from now, shall celebrate 
 
 ford 
 
Troy Ceremonies I075 
 
 the fourth centenary of the exploration of the river, the Troy of one General 
 hundred years from now may have a real 'man' for its Mayor, as °° ' 
 you have now. Here is to the hope that when the children of the 
 then New Netherlands shall come bearing greeting, their Half Moon 
 may be a Full Moon of perfect memory and perfect friendship. Here 
 is to the hope that the Governor of New York then may somewhat 
 size up to the large manhood of the Governor of the State of New 
 York to-day. And, Mr. Governor, chief among the pleasant mem- 
 ories of a long and a happy life, will be the memor}' that you were 
 once my student. Now, I sit at your feet. You have rivaled, and 
 in some respects have equaled, and in some have eclipsed the long 
 line of Governors which has preceded you. It will be a hard task, 
 but here is to the hope that the Governor, one hundred years from 
 now, will be one who heus to the line as faithfully and as devotedly 
 and as loyally as you have hewed. 
 
 "Pardon one word of personal recollection. They say it is per- 
 mitted to age to be reminiscent. My first attempt at a speech in 
 Troy was when 3'our citizens honored me, when George H. Thomas 
 was borne to his final resting place, to pronounce in halting phrase 
 but with a heart of the loyal soldier, the words of tribute and good- 
 bye with which we laid him to rest. I w::s next permitted to dedicate 
 that beautiful Soldiers' Monument that stands in your public square; 
 and now with a loving heart, knowing that I cannot come many 
 times again, I thank you for this privilege of pronouncing the bene- 
 diction of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration in your presence, and on 
 the waters of the Hudson. Good-night." 
 
 COL. ARTHUR MacARTHUR: "I propose a toast to General Col. Mac- 
 Woodford, the man whose interest in the City of Troy and whose Arthur 
 acts in its behalf in the days gone by have endeared him to the hearts 
 of all of our loyal citizens. I call upon all loyal Trojans to drink his 
 health." 
 
 The toast was heartily responded to. 
 
 THE TOASTMASTER: "The next speaker is an eminent Hon. 
 lawyer of this city, who has always lived in Troy, and is capable of * " 
 speaking of the Troy of the future. He can also speak appropriately 
 of the Troy of the present, because he is the Corporation Counsel. 
 I call upon George B. Wellington to respond to the toast of 'The 
 City of Troy.'" 
 
1076 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. HON. GEORGE B. WELLINGTON: "Mr. Toastmaster and 
 
 w ir^ Gentlemen: I am proud to respond to the toast 'The City of Troy' 
 („jj for I am a Trojan. Linked with this pride because of what ourcity has 
 
 become is an undying affection for it; for all the lines in the sentimental 
 perspective of the past meet for me in this dwelling place of my fate. 
 " Our city joins with her sister cities on the Hudson to commemorate 
 the achievements of early times which made our beautiful river known 
 to the world and serviceable to mankind. The discovery of the 
 Hudson three centuries ago meant more than the gratification of 
 the curiosity of enterprising Hollanders who sought business profit 
 in a northeast passage to the Pacific; for without the spirit of adventure 
 rising to true heroism, the great Henry Hudson would never have 
 undertaken his perilous voyage. It was this spirit of restless and 
 resistless destiny, ever pointing toward the West, that drove early 
 mariners out upon and across the unfamiliar sea to inhospitable 
 shores. 
 
 " * But bolder they who first off-cast 
 
 Their moorings from the habitable past, 
 And ventured chartless on the sea 
 01 storm-engendering liberty.' 
 
 "To find a navigable stream, however, upon whose placid surface 
 slow-moving craft might carry the burdens of a sluggish commerce 
 would not fulfill the demands of the genius of the future; there must 
 be added thereto the inventive skill of which America was able to 
 furnish more than her share. The practical application to naviga- 
 tion by Fulton of the then almost untried force of steam stands for 
 more than the beginning of profitable traffic. It was an expression 
 of that idea of progress which ever since the dawn of civilization has, 
 with measured tread, been overcoming the obstacles to advancement 
 which great distances offered to the nations of antiquity. 
 
 "We turn then in our thought to-night to the past, not because it 
 was a golden age from which we have in sorrow parted, but rather 
 because we see in it sure indications of an eternal purpose that human- 
 ity shall reach a goal hidden to our forefathers by the mists of ignor- 
 ance and superstitition. It was the spirit of Truth that inspired 
 Henry Hudson and Robert Fulton — the Spirit that shall make men 
 free. 
 
 "Toward the establishment of the Kingdom of God on earth the 
 nations of the world in this country are committed. All changes in 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1077 
 
 commercial development, in political science, in education and prac- Hon. 
 
 tical beneficences must in these days bear the stamp of genuineness „**' " 
 
 L LCI 1 L r WelKng- 
 
 and must be seen to be tor the common good to be ot permanent j^jjj 
 
 duration. 
 
 "Standing at the head of navigation, this city — three centuries 
 ago a Dutch settlement devoted to primitive agriculture — has grown 
 to be a cosmopolitan center in which are seen every day all the phases 
 of the intellectual life, as well as the industrial struggles, of a growing 
 world. We have learned some lessons from experience and take 
 courage in the accomplishment of many things that demonstrate our 
 fitness to survive. We have produced patriots, scientists, inventors, 
 educators, statesmen, merchants and manufacturers of renown. No 
 less than seven of our manufacturing industries, the largest of their 
 kind in this country, have made our city famous; but no less dis- 
 tinguished is she because of two schools, the one the greatest of 
 engineering schools, the other the first seminary founded for the 
 higher education of women. 
 
 "Within our body politic is the soul of progress. Our backward 
 glance is not of regret but rather one of reverence. From it we take 
 new inspiration for the future. While unselfish devotion to the 
 interests of this community shall dominate us in all our acts, so long 
 may we with pride exclaim that we have kept the faith and have been 
 loyal to the high calling to which we were summoned by the heroes 
 of the past." 
 
 THE TOASTMASTER: "I have now the pleasure of introducing Hon. 
 to you one whose charm and dignity have added so much to the pleas- ^- ^• 
 are of the day, one whom we love and respect, his Excellency, Charles 
 E. Hughes, Governor of the State of New York." 
 
 GOVERNOR HUGHES: "Mr. Mayor, Fellow Citizens: This Governor 
 splendid demonstration in the prosperous City of Troy crowns worthily ""^nes 
 the entire Celebration. I have had many escorts but never an escort 
 of greater beauty and significance than that which led me through 
 the streets of your beautiful city. It has been my pleasure to follow 
 the mounted police force of New York, that excellent squad repre- 
 senting the highest degree of police efficiency, whose work during 
 the Celebration in the metropolis has been the pride of the entire 
 State. I have followed the National Guard, whose discipline and 
 
[078 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor fine appearance rivals that of the regular soldiery. But I love to 
 Hughes follow the children. To-day, it seemed to me that they were leading 
 us to the future, and in the midst of the Celebration of the past, were 
 pointing out the path of promise. 
 
 "You, in Troy, who have devoted anxious hours to the preparation 
 for this event have just reason for gratification to-night. It is not 
 simply that you had a fine parade; it is not alone that you had 
 tasteful decorations; it is not merely that you have so happily 
 chosen this splendid specimen of marine architecture in which to 
 commemorate the invention of Fulton, but it is the fact that your 
 people have displayed such enthusiasm and genuine interest in this 
 Celebration. 
 
 "Your city is famed for industry, and you in a peculiar way 
 represent to us the advantages of the Hudson as a source of 
 power. 
 
 "In the words of Washington Irving, I thank God that I was born 
 on the banks of the Hudson. This Celebration has been of the river 
 and of the exploration of the river, which to me is the most familiar 
 of all scenes of beauty and interest. Again, in the words of the 
 same writer, Irving, who himself has made this valley ever memorable 
 to the lovers of literature, I may say, 'that in a manner, the Hudson 
 is my first and last love, and after all my wanderings and seeming 
 infidelities, I return here with a heartfelt preference for this river 
 over all the rivers of the world.' 
 
 "We shall remember in the future, by reason of the emphasis of 
 this Celebration, that we must safeguard the beauty of this noble 
 stream. The Celebration was fitly inaugurated by the dedication 
 of the Palisades Interstate Park. That work which was begun so 
 auspiciously and continued with a fine illustration of public spirit, 
 has recently been followed by provision for State acquisition of the 
 highlands of the Hudson. We must remember that the beauty of this 
 stream is one of the most priceless treasures of the State of New 
 York. I hope to see the river fronts of our cities improved. I hope 
 to see them adorned with suitable commemorative monuments. I 
 hope there will be esplanades, and places of ready access, where 
 the people will enjoy the great resources of Nature. I hope that the 
 more prosperous a community is, the more it will strive to keep the 
 Hudson pure and beautiful. 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1079 
 
 "As a result of this Celebration we shall also give more thought to Governor 
 the possibilities of increasing the prosperity of the communities along "^ ®^ 
 this river by providing against the diminution of its flow and seeking 
 to increase the power which it can easily render, by proper treatment 
 of its headwaters. I hope that here, in Troy, by virtue of the just 
 cooperation of nation, State and city, you may have, as you deserve, 
 a largely increased industrial development. You have only begun 
 in Troy to realize the advantages of your situation. We have come 
 from the beauties of the southern part of the river. We have had a 
 striking celebration at its mouth, in that most favored of harbors. 
 But here we come to the true river, escaping the sea, and we look 
 to the sources of power in the north, and have our attention directed 
 to those means of which advantage may easily be taken, to increase 
 the industrial prosperity of the State. 
 
 "I want to see the headwaters of the Hudson and its tributaries 
 so treated under State control, and with due regard for forest preser- 
 vation, that we may have an important increase of power distributed 
 under proper conditions securing the public right, so that the indus- 
 trial opportunities of the Hudson Valley will be far greater in the 
 next one hundred years than even the present generation has sup- 
 posed to be possible. We think of the Hudson as a majestic stream 
 with rare beauty. But we also think of it as a wonderful source 
 of industrial energy; all the more important in these days, when 
 energy is so easily transmitted. We of course can never forget the 
 Hudson as a great commercial highway. The State is spending a 
 vast sum in order that this highway may still more fully realize the 
 benefits it was intended to secure. You of Troy are at a strategic 
 point. You are here where you get the advantages of rail and canal 
 and river. You have industry and commerce. What is better, you 
 have the civic disposition to make the best of all, and that coopera- 
 tion which is the finest illustration of civic pride. And so I hail 
 the Troy of the future. 
 
 "But this Celebration is not bringing to our attention simply the 
 material advantages that we may enjoy, or even the scenes of 
 beauty and charm by which we have been blessed by Nature. 
 We in this valley are at the very place where the nation in the awful 
 struggle for liberty was born. Only a short distance from this spot, 
 near the banks of the river the fateful battle of Saratoga was fought. 
 
[o8o The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor It was because the proposed communication along this stream failed 
 Hughes tJiosg yf\^Q were antagonizing the sons of liberty that we have a nation 
 to-day, and we along the Hudson are baptized with a spirit of inde- 
 pendence and realize that we, of all, should show the most intense 
 loyalty to the institutions which were made possible upon the battle- 
 field of Saratoga. 
 
 "We have had a new influx of patriotic feeling, but we can never 
 properly stimulate ourselves for the future simply by paying tribute 
 to the past. We must catch the spirit of the men we revere. We 
 must take to ourselves the lesson taught by the enterprise of Hudson 
 and by the patient research and experimentation of Fulton. But the 
 best of lessons that are taught in school and life are not taught 
 explicitly — in fact, they are implicit. To-day all New York, and 
 particularly the communities along the Hudson, are inspired because 
 they have been working unitedly in a common effort to give honor 
 where honor is due. The Commission, chartered by the State of 
 New York, has done its work in a way to command the admiration 
 of all the people of the State. The local committees in the different 
 communities along the Hudson have labored unselfishly and have 
 overcome a thousand obstacles in order that this Celebration might 
 be an accomplished fact. Certainly not in my experience have so 
 many people of the State forgotten their controversies and united 
 together In glad demonstration. 
 
 "I thank Captain Foley of the Seminole for his cordial words 
 and for offering the toast a few minutes ago, and in turn I want to 
 express my appreciation of the work that has been done by the 
 Revenue Cutter Service in taking care of the traffic on this stream, 
 and in avoiding accident and making possible the splendid demon- 
 stration of all the fleets of the world without annoyance. 
 
 '■ I desire also to express — for we must not forget our own In 
 what we say of others — I desire to express my heartfelt appreci- 
 ation of the appearance of the men of our own fleet in these waters. 
 They have performed what I hope will be the only function of the 
 American Navy — important as it Is for work of offense or defense, 
 should there be any occasion therefor. They have stimulated our 
 pride as citizens of the United States and made us feel that we are 
 represented by men who, should the summons come, will unflinch- 
 ingly do their duty. 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1081 
 
 "So we have had a rare exhibition of patriotism and a rare stimu- Governor 
 lus to our own loyalty, while at the same time we have been receiv- "^ 
 ing and have been speaking messages of peace. We have wel- 
 comed here the representatives of the great powers to join in our 
 Celebration. And our progress, as I have frequently said, means, 
 we trust, a benediction to humanity. 
 
 "And last, and by no means least — but indeed first — we recog- 
 nize the happy augury of this second visit of the Half Moon from the 
 people of that little country who, long before we engaged in the 
 struggle of freedom, buried their land, sank their estates, counted life 
 for naught, that they might shake off the chains of tyranny. It is a 
 beautiful thing that we can celebrate this 30cth birthday of this 
 valley by welcoming the representatives of a race that will be for- 
 ever distinguished in the annals of history by William the Silent. It 
 is a significant thing that the impulse to this exploration was the 
 mipulse of trade felt by a free people who had established the rights 
 of manhood and who were seeking peaceful conquest by sending their 
 ships into all the world. It is to the credit of the Netherlands that 
 they sought out Henry Hudson, an Englishman, and sent so skilled 
 a voyager to find a new route of trade. And, while he did not find 
 the route he sought, he found a route which has been unparalleled 
 for its commerce in all the history of exchanges. 
 
 "And to-night we pray to Almighty God that the spirit of this 
 Celebration, which is the spirit of true Americanism, of invincible 
 democracy, shall abide with us forever, and bless this valley and, 
 with it, the entire land of a united people." 
 
 THE TOASTMASTER: "Gentlemen, I would like to have you Hon. 
 keep your seats and listen to a few words from Lieutenant Lam of E. P. 
 the Half Moon." ^^°^ 
 
 LIEUTENANT LAM: "Gentlemen, I am no speaker. I will Lieut. 
 try to say in a few words the feelings that we have here, in view of ^m. 
 the Celebration. Nearly eveiy toast and every speech has spoken 
 of Holland and of our fair Queen who governs us, and who is very 
 popular in our country. Every toast to the Queen in this Celebration 
 is answered here by you. I have the honor to be the guest of the 
 State of New York for a few weeks. I would like to thank the Gover- 
 nor for the cordial welcome he gave me yesterday in Albany, as the 
 guest of the State. 
 
[o82 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 "We of the Half Moon have tried to sail up the river, but we have 
 most always been in tow, and always have had to have assistance to 
 come up. The Naval Committee has assisted us in every way 
 possible, and at all times they were asking us ' Do you want anything ? ' 
 'Can we help you with anything ?' And yet every moment we were 
 of the impression that we were quite safe and secure on the Hudson 
 River. 
 
 "I want, in a few words, to thank the Chairman of the Naval 
 Committee for the reception he has given us. " 
 
 Night At 8.15 P. M. the Governor and distinguished guests w^ere 
 
 escorted to the reviewing stand at the City Hall, where they 
 reviewed the grand historic civic and float parade, which was 
 the largest ever seen in Troy. This parade was composed of 
 about six thousand men, eleven bands, and five drum corps, 
 with Grand Marshal Col. Merrill Dunspaugh and staff. Major 
 Thomas W. Hislop, Adjutant; Troy Chamber of Commerce 
 and float; Letter Carriers of Troy; Oriental Temple, Nobles 
 of the Mystic Shrine; Arab Patrol and float; Troy Lodge 
 B. P. O. Elks and floats; Collar and Shirt Factory Employees; 
 German Societies; French Societies; Italian Societies; Knights 
 of the Maccabees, Uniform Rank; Improved Order of Red Men; 
 Uniform Rank, I. O. O. F.; Knights of Columbus; Troy Com- 
 mercial Travelers Association; Firemen's Division; Students 
 Association, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy Federa- 
 tion of Labor; Union Labor Organizations, and Historical 
 Floats. 
 
 fire At 9.45 p. M. the Governor and distinguished guests boarded 
 
 the steamer Trojan and at 10 o'clock the party sailed down the 
 river homeward bound, passing through a grand display of 
 pyrotechnics at the Arsenal dock and on both sides of the 
 river. This spectacular demonstration brought to an end a 
 most dignified and magnificent celebration, which, from its 
 inception, reflected credit upon the members of the different 
 committees and the citizens of Troy. 
 
Troy Ceremonies 1083 
 
 A few days after the Celebration, Mr. Burns, Chairman of Tribute 
 le Executive Comrr 
 are self-explanatory: 
 
 the Executive Committee, received the following letters, which '" '^°^ 
 
 FLAG-SHIP TARO. 
 
 " Newburgh, N. Y., Oct. 13, 1909. 
 "Mr. Cornelius F. Burns, Troy, N. Y.: 
 
 "My Dear Mr. Burns. — On my return home I was presented with the 
 Up-River Naval Parade flag by our committee. I have concluded with their 
 consent to present the flag to the City of Troy, through you, for the reason that 
 the Celebration at your city was such as to entitle you to the flag. It is my 
 pleasure to testify in this way to the intelligent work that you have performed 
 at the Commission meetings during the three years that our work has been 
 under way, and what we were able to do for Troy is to a large extent due to 
 the work that you have performed. 
 
 " The flag has been mailed to you under separate cover, and I will consider 
 it a favor if you will kindly acknowledge receipt of same. 
 
 " Some day in the near future I hope to visit Troy and will then be pleased 
 to see what disposition you have made of the flag. 
 
 " Very truly yours, 
 
 "W.J. McKay, 
 " Chairman of Up-River Naval Parade Committee. 
 
 " flag-ship TARO 
 
 " Upper Hudson Naval Parade Committee, 
 
 "December lo, 1909. 
 «' Mr. Cornelius F. Burns, Troy, N. Y.: 
 
 " Dear Sir. — I am sending you under separate cover one of the three final 
 shells of 21 guns fired aboard the flagship Taro which marked the closing 
 event of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration at your city on October 9, 1909. 
 
 " I am doing this because I feel that you ought to have it in connection with 
 the flag which was awarded to you for the best Celebration along the Hudson 
 River. 
 
 " The Committee recognized the active interest you took in this matter and 
 the full credit has been given to you by our Committee. 
 
 " With best wishes and kind regards and hoping to see you soon, I remain, 
 " Very truly yours, 
 
 " Ben. F. Hamilton, 
 
 " Secretary." 
 
T 
 
 CHAPTER LIX 
 
 COHOES CEREMONIES 
 
 'HE situation of the City of Cohoes at the confluence of the 
 
 Mohawk River and the Erie Canal with the river which 
 
 Hudson explored naturally aroused great local interest 
 
 in the Hudson-Fulton Celebration and made it appropriate that 
 
 the calendar of events should be extended so as to permit the 
 
 holding of ceremonies at this point. Sunday and Monday, 
 
 October lo and ii, were therefore set apart for observance at 
 
 Cohoes, and here the entire 1 6-day Celebration came to an end. 
 
 Local The members of the Commission residing in Cohoes are the 
 
 Organi- pj^^^ Merritt D. Hanson, Mayor, Mr. William P. Adams, Mr. 
 2ation . . 
 
 Charles R. Ford, Hon. William J. Grattan, and Mr. John 
 
 Scanlon. The local committee in charge of the Celebration 
 consisted of these Commissioners, and Messrs. P. H. Andrae, 
 D. J. Cosgro, James S. Clute, H. C. Fruchting, Frank A. 
 Gallup, George A. Harper, Egbert P. Lansing, James H. 
 Mitchell, D. C. McElwain, Q. S. McNeil, Wilfred Palin, 
 Gilbert Roberts, John Spence, H. M. Sweet, James B. Wallace 
 and James H. Wilson. They organized with Mayor Hanson 
 as Chairman, Mr. Adams as Vice-Chairman and Mr. Ford as 
 Secretary-Treasurer. 
 
 The same festive spirit manifested in the ceremonies in other 
 
 places during the preceding fortnight was shown in Cohoes 
 
 in the public and private decorations and illuminations, the 
 
 inpouring of throngs of people from the surrounding country, 
 
 and the great indoor and outdoor demonstrations. 
 
 Praise The Celebration opened with a Union Sabbath and Day 
 
 Service School Praise Service at the Railroad Station Park on Sunday, 
 
 October lo, beginning at 12.30 P. m. The service began with 
 
 an invocation by the Rev. Thomas S. Keveny, after which 
 
 1084 
 
Cohoes Ceremonies 1085 
 
 Mayor Hanson introduced Governor Hughes in the following 
 words : 
 
 MAYOR HANSON: "On several occasions I have had the honor Mayor 
 of being able to introduce our distinguished Governor to the citizens ^°^°° 
 of Cohoes, but I feel that this opportunity is the greatest honor of all, 
 being introduced to the youth of our City — our school and Sunday 
 school scholars — to speak to you on this historical occasion. And 
 I have great pleasure in introducing to you the Hon. Charles E. 
 Hughes, Governor of the State of New York." 
 
 GOVERNOR HUGHES: "Mr. Mayor, Boys and Girls, Young Governw 
 Men and Young Women, Fellow Citizens: I come to you with the ""2 es 
 greetings of the People of the State of New York on this beautiful and 
 happy day. I have addressed in the last two weeks many audiences, 
 but I would rather talk to the children than to any audience that 
 could possibly be gathered. Here is the promise of America. The 
 patriotism of our men and women assures us the present; the love 
 of the flag on the part of the boys and girls secures to us the future. 
 And so, I congratulate the people of Cohoes that it has remained for 
 them to gather together in most beautiful unity all the children of all 
 the schools of this industrious community, that we might close the 
 Celebration with a pledge of our youth that they will preserve the 
 treasures that the fathers have handed down to them. My best 
 wishes, boys and girls. I hope you will be happy, prosperous and 
 useful. 
 
 " I trust you are all studying history in these days, and learning a 
 little more definitely of the events which have taken place in the 
 valley of the Hudson and along the Mohawk. We have been 
 carried back to the time when this was the old Indian trail before 
 the white man settled here, at the time when the first explorer of 
 the Hudson found his way to the north in the little Half Moon. 
 How I wish that every boy and girl here could see that little Half 
 Moon that our good friends of Holland have presented to us. It 
 is a perfect copy of the ship in which Henry Hudson sailed. It 
 seems so small that you could hardly believe that the Atlantic could 
 be crossed in it. You find it difficult to understand how anyone 
 could have undertaken such a voyage in the seas of the north in the 
 endeavor to find a new way over to Asia. You know at that time 
 they had no idea what a big country this is. There are some of us 
 
[o86 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor now who do not half realize what a big country this is. You have to 
 ugnes jj-ayg] jgyg 3 jj J flights with our most improved methods of transporta- 
 tion across this great continent and even then you may not really 
 appreciate the size of our wonderful country. 
 
 "You have to visit community after community, filled with patri- 
 otic, honest, law-abiding people from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and 
 from Maine to the Gulf of Mexico, and then it is almost impossible 
 to realize what this country means. But in that early day they had 
 little idea of the geography of this country, and they thought they 
 might find a way to the East and discover new opportunities of trade. 
 Henry Hudson came here and sailed up this river, thinking he was 
 going straight through to the western ocean. He did not know any 
 more about it than that, although it is probable that he knew as 
 much as any man of his day with regard to the New World. For 
 Captain John Smith — you know all about Captain John Smith of 
 Virginia — had told of his voyages and explorations and a mem- 
 orandum had been made of what he had accomplished, and Henry 
 Hudson came to this river thinking possibly that by following it he 
 might go straight across and find a way to the Old World. Well, he 
 found something a great deal better than what he looked for; he found 
 it despite the greatest disadvantages. He had a little crew in a little 
 ship, and they did not agree. They gave him constant trouble; they 
 were guilty of mutiny. They did not agree with him on his plans of 
 discovery and adventure. But he was a hardy man. You could not 
 discourage him; you could not dishearten him. No perils could 
 terrify him. He was a man whom we honor to-day not simply 
 because his name is linked with our river, but because he was one of 
 those great men who make every boy realize what it is to be a man, and 
 to be afraid of nothing but wrong; to be terrified by no danger, but 
 to do his best that humanity may profit by his life. We have of the 
 life of Hudson but few records. He appeared on the scene for the 
 first time when he was in middle life. We do not know his early 
 history; but that does not make any difference. We know this, that 
 he did not become a great discoverer and a courageous man in a 
 moment. Great men are not made in a moment. Great men are 
 great and courageous because they were great boys. 
 
 "Boys, do not believe that you can go along and pay no attention 
 to your studies, that you need take no advantage of the opportunities 
 
Cohoes Ceremonies 1087 
 
 ofFered to you, and that some fine day honors and prosperity will Governor 
 be showered upon you, and that suddenly you will appear gifted and "^ 
 prepared for the emergencies of life. If you want to do a man s 
 work, you must be an honorable, straightforward, industrious 
 boy and grow up with your manhood conserved and all your powers, 
 physical and mental, intact, so that when you become a man and 
 reach middle life, and the difficulties and ordeals of life are upon 
 you, you will have the capital of your happy and healthy boyhood. 
 If we are to have great men to administer the country, we must 
 have wholesome, manly, honest boys. And it is because I believe 
 I am looking into the faces of troops of such boys, as you find them 
 in every city in our State and Nation, that I am sure of the future. 
 
 "You know what an awful fate Henry Hudson had after he had 
 discovered this river — after he had found the opportunities for settle- 
 ment along the Hudson, and had gone back and told about it. He 
 set out in the next year and discovered the great Hudson's Bay, the 
 sea in the North that bears his name, and there he had trouble with his 
 sailors, and they left him alone to die; they put him off in a small 
 boat with his son and some of his crew, and there all alone in the 
 North, in the icy sea of that unknown North country, Henry Hudson 
 laid down his life. But he had voyaged along our coast; he had 
 explored our Hudson; he had explored the northern portion of the 
 Continent; and as long as America endures, Henry Hudson will be 
 one of our great heroes. But it took a great deal more than a dis- 
 covery to make America. People had to come here. They had to 
 settle here, where there were savages on every side. They had to 
 trade with the Indians, to cultivate the land, to build up communities, 
 and if the heroism of Hudson had not been follov?ed by the heroism 
 of the early settlers, we would have no country, and we would not be 
 celebrating to-day the events associated with Hudson's name. But 
 it took more than the heroism of pioneers to make our country. 
 For this is a free country, where men stand with equal rights, with 
 civil and religious liberty. 
 
 "Now, that was not accomplished without a great struggle, and 
 all along the Hudson Valley we find the interesting spots that are 
 identified with the War of Independence. It is not far from this 
 place where the battle of Saratoga was fought. You boys and girls 
 know all about the battle of Saratoga — how the British had come 
 
io8S The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor down from the north and another division was to come up from the 
 Hughes sQu(],^ arid (hgy ^ere to control this great highway and make Washing- 
 ton's success impossible. But the British General in New York did 
 not get word in time and he did not complete the arrangements that 
 were expected; and Burgoyne who came down our beautiful Cham- 
 plain Valley did not get any farther than the battlefield of Saratoga, 
 where it was settled in a final decisive contest that America should 
 be the home of the free. So we have a free country founded upon 
 sentiments of liberty and equality. 
 
 " In those early days the Hudson was full of white wings. They 
 went up the Hudson in sailing vessels, boats that tacked about to get 
 through the gateway of the Highlands, and finally, after many days, 
 reached the head of navigation. The ports along the Hudson were the 
 homes of skippers, men who were famous as captains of ships, and the 
 whole river was full of these beautiful vessels, large and small, pro- 
 pelled by sails. And then came the other great man whom we cele- 
 brate, Robert Fulton. 
 
 "Now, Robert Fulton did not discover how to make a boat go by 
 steam all at once. If you ever expect to accomplish anything in this 
 world you must depend upon work, work, work all the time, with but 
 one desire: to do your best and find out what is true, and stand for it 
 every time. That was the reason that Fulton discovered how to 
 make boats go by steam. He toiled and experimented. He tried all 
 sorts of ways; and every way he tried he seemed to be doomed to 
 failure; but finally, as a result of his patient work he got a boat that 
 did go, and that boat was the Clermont; that boat was the father of 
 the Oregon, the father of the Inflexible, the father of all those mighty 
 vessels propelled by steam, that have come to us from the Nations of 
 the earth on this happy day bearing their messages of good will. 
 
 "The result is, we have the commerce that made a great State 
 and that commerce came from the region of the Great Lakes through 
 this valley of the Mohawk, and on to the Hudson — for this is one 
 of the most famous routes of trade in the world. You are here 
 enjoying its opportunities and making this a great industrial center. 
 
 "We are celebrating to-day events that made a State, and the 
 State contributed to the making of the Union. But we must to-day 
 on this beautiful Sabbath, after two weeks of enjoyable celebration, 
 realize that free institutions will not perpetuate themselves, that dis- 
 
Cohoes Ceremonies 
 
 covery and invention alone cannot make a country great. And so Governor 
 to-day, we must rededicate ourselves to the cause of freedom, deter- 
 mining that we will have life wholesome and sane and sweet in this 
 beloved land; and that we will make more real the equality of 
 opportunity of which we boast. 
 
 "Boys and girls, don't grow up with the idea that you must wait for 
 some great thing to do. The boy who gets on best in this world is 
 the one who tackles the job right in front of him and does it the best 
 he knows how. Take the work that comes to you, whether you like 
 it or not; take the work that comes to you and do it. Do it a great 
 deal better than anybody expects you to do it. Don't be trying to 
 see how little you can do. The successful men in this world are 
 men that are determined to conquer every obstacle and are simply 
 anxious for an opportunity to do their best according to the talent 
 God has given them. 
 
 "Oh, I don't take any gloomy view of the future of this country. 
 How could one take a gloomy view and look at the boys and girls 
 in our public schools ? Yesterday I was at Troy, and they gave 
 me an escort of boys and girls from the public schools. I 
 must add a word about the girls. The girls were in the 
 parade; and when I saw them with their arms akimbo marching 
 so gracefully and with perfect discipline, I said to myself, it may be 
 that women cannot bear arms, but if they could, they would bear 
 them a great deal more gracefully than the men. And there were 
 these boys and girls marching to the stand, where they sang our 
 patriotic songs; and to-day you have gathered here, joining in a 
 beautiful hymn of praise and about to sing our national song. Go 
 to every hamlet and every city in our land and you can duplicate 
 this scene. Our schools are full of alert, intelligent boys and girls. 
 You teachers who are here, do not be discouraged because the lessons 
 are not always learned as you would like them to be. Parents, do 
 not think that it is necessary for progress to have perfect children. 
 The world does not move that way. But we are all the time getting 
 a little better; more appreciative of our advantages; more anxious 
 to learn; more devoted to honorable objects in life. And so to-day, 
 I give you the greeting of the Empire State, and my cordial wishes 
 for your happiness and prosperity. 
 
 "This Celebration is worth while, because from the northern part 
 69 
 
1090 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Governor of the Hudson to the great metropolis with its teeming millions, 
 Hughes jjjg children have been brought together to realize what the land 
 
 is that is represented by our beautiful Star Spangled Banner. Long 
 
 may it wave over a contented people. " 
 
 The Governor's address was followed by the singing of the 
 
 "Star Spangled Banner," the playing of "The Pilgrim's 
 
 Chorus" from "Tannhauser;" the singing of "America," 
 
 and the pronouncing of the benediction by the Rev. Frederick 
 
 S. Sill. 
 
 Union In the evening another remarkable religious service was 
 
 _ "" held in the Reformed Church, in which six different churches 
 Service 
 
 united in praise and thanksgiving. The churches represented 
 
 and pastors present were the Second Street Presbyterian Church, 
 Rev. C. Waldo Cherry, D.D., pastor; the First Baptist Church, 
 Rev. Judson C. Hendrickson, pastor; St. John's Episcopal 
 Church, Rev. Frederick S. Sill, D.D., rector; First Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, Rev. Chas. W. Rowley, pastor; St. James 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, Rev. John H. Clark, pastor; 
 Silliman Memorial Presbyterian Church, Rev. Geo. A. Arm- 
 strong, pastor; Reformed Church, Rev. Oliver H. Walser, D.D., 
 pastor. 
 
 The interior of the large edifice, which was thronged with 
 the largest congregation of recent years, was beautifully dec- 
 orated. The altar and pulpit were draped with the Stars and 
 Stripes, with a background of draped American flags. The 
 Hudson-Fulton colors, orange, blue and white, were also used 
 in great profusion. The music was rendered by a male chorus 
 of fifty voices, composed of the members of the various local 
 choirs. The program included an organ prelude, Handel's 
 "Largo," by Miss Florence Secor; the Doxology, by the choir 
 and audience; the Lord's Prayer, led by Dr. Walser; Salutation 
 Anthem, "We Come Unto Our Fathers' God," by the male 
 choir; recitation of the Creed by the congregation; singing of 
 Gloria; alternate reading of Psalm 24, led by Mr. Hendrickson; 
 
Cohoes Ceremonies 1091 
 
 singing of Psalm 84 by the choir (the original Dutch words Union 
 being used); reading of Hebrews XI: 23-40 by Dr. Sill; prayer ggj.^pg 
 by Mr. Rowley; singing of the offertory, "Be Thou Exalted 
 High," by the male chorus with tenor solo by Mr. Samuel 
 Whittam; sermon by Dr. Cherry; Kipling's "Recessional," 
 sung by Mr. Richard Reece of Troy; the hymn "Jerusalem 
 the Golden," sung by the choir and congregation; prayer by 
 Mr. Armstrong; "America," sung by the choir and congrega- 
 tion; the benediction by Mr. Armstrong, and a postlude on 
 the organ. 
 
 On Monday, October 11, the Celebration which began in 
 New York on Saturday, September 25, was brought to a close 
 in Cohoes. 
 
 During the afternoon, the local committee took the President Recep- 
 of the Commission, General Woodford, and other distinguished *'°° 
 guests in carriages and automobiles to the Island Golf Club 
 house where for an hour was held a reception at which the 
 citizens of Cohoes were introduced to the visitors. About 
 5 p. M. was served a luncheon at which Mayor Hanson acted 
 as toastmaster. For the following resume of the addresses 
 we are indebted to the Cohoes Republican: 
 
 General Woodford said that it was fine to see the admirals General 
 of the different navies of the world assembled at New York, to ^^^.^ 
 see the great war vessels, and to see the marching soldiers and 
 sailors from the fleets; but the grandest spectacle of all was to 
 see the 300,000 children from the schools in forty-six districts 
 of New York as they paraded the streets of the great metropolis. 
 The next great sight was the illuminations in New York and 
 elsewhere. Another grand spectacle was to see the sailors and 
 marines from the seven foreign fleets, carrying their arms as 
 though they were in their own country, for this was a parade 
 of peace and good will. But beyond all the admirals and fleets, 
 beyond the illuminations and the marching columns, was the 
 great influence for good that was to follow this Celebration. 
 
1092 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 General It showed to the world the democracy of the people of the 
 ford United States who take these celebrations joyously yet seriously. 
 He said that it was interesting to know that not in the same time 
 in thirty years had the death rate been so low; or had there 
 been so little crime or so few accidents as during the two weeks 
 of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration. The Celebration had cost 
 a great deal of money, but it was worth all of it and more for 
 the good it will do. In conclusion he complimented the people 
 of Cohoes for their enterprise in the Celebration. 
 Col. Mac- Col. Arthur MacArthur of Troy, Chairman of the Upper 
 Hudson Committee, said that it was most befitting that the 
 President of the Commission (General Woodford) should com- 
 plete the grand Celebration at the peaceful headwaters of the 
 Hudson, at the point where the Indian castle of the Mohicans 
 was, and where Henry Hudson turned back to the sea, being 
 unable to sail further north. This Hudson-Fulton Celebra- 
 tion stood as a monument to the enlightenment of the world 
 by pioneers in daring. Every man, woman and child had bene 
 impressed. History made itself felt the more people came in 
 touch with it by such celebrations as these of events of the past. 
 And the delegations that came here from Europe, Asia and 
 Africa would return to their homes, bearing with them a higher 
 appreciation of the greatness of America. 
 Hon. Mayor Benjamin McClung of Newburgh began his remarks 
 
 j^^^* in a humorous vein, telling of the strenuous life that the Commit- 
 teemen had led during the past week and how they wore their 
 top hats and dress suits before breakfast — having put them on 
 after 6 in the evening before. He then spoke about the friend- 
 ships formed among the men who had been associated together 
 in the Celebration coming up the river, and said that he was 
 heartily in favor of a suggestion made by Mr. Scanlon of 
 Cohoes that these men should form an association for social 
 purposes and be legally incorporated. He said that this was 
 the very first time that he had ever set foot upon the soil of 
 
Cohoes Ceremonies 1093 
 
 Cohoes and hoped to remain long enough to see some of its 
 
 business industries. He invited all friends present to come and 
 
 visit him at Newburgh. 
 
 Mayor Hanson, in introducing Mr. Cornelius F. Burns ofMr.C. F. 
 ■' . ° , . . . Bums 
 
 Troy, spoke of him as one of Troy's leading men in arranging 
 
 the Celebration, and said that he had proved to be a good 
 
 friend to Cohoes. 
 
 Mr. Burns said that the people of Troy had a kindly feeling 
 for the citizens of Cohoes and that he himself always felt at 
 home there. He also referred to the remarks made by Mayor 
 McClung and General Woodford about the kindly feeling that 
 the Celebration had created among the people of the different 
 cities and said he coincided therein. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Hamilton, Secretary of the Upper Hudson Mr. Benj. 
 Committee and Commodore of the Upper Hudson fleet, said ^°^ 
 that the Celebration was an event long to be remembered with 
 pleasure. The sail up the river had brought back memories 
 of school-boy days and the stories then read about Hudson 
 and Fulton. He also commented on the Celebration as a 
 factor in cementing friendships between different communities 
 along the river. 
 
 City Attorney Scanlon of Cohoes, the last speaker, said it Hon. 
 had been a privilege and pleasure to become acquainted with ^ °^ 
 representative citizens from Newburgh to Cohoes, men of 
 culture, integrity and intelligence with whom it was most 
 pleasing to associate, as they sailed up the Hudson, and he 
 would ever look back to his association with them with fond 
 recollections. They were not men of petty jealousy and he 
 trusted that their friendships would last, for he now knew that 
 he had friends in every city along the river and he rejoiced to 
 see many of them there that day to honor the city with their 
 presence. 
 
 On Monday evening, October 11, was held the finest military, Night 
 fireman and civic parade ever seen in Cohoes. The largest "^ * 
 
I094 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Night crowds of the day began to pour into the city about dusk. 
 
 Parade 
 
 Every city, town and village within a radius of twenty miles 
 sent its quota of spectators to swell the throng which was 
 estimated to number 50,000 persons. 
 
 The crowds which lined the streets were inclined to behave 
 well. There was much noise with horns, cow-bells, rackets, 
 frying-pans, etc., but no serious disorder. The streets through 
 which the procession marched were a maze of color and gor- 
 geous with illuminations. The electrical display, by its bril- 
 liancy, turned night into day. Thousands of cleverly hidden 
 incandescent bulbs, arranged in the decorations, flashed into 
 light, and with the Court of Honor, handsomely decorated 
 buildings, and general appearance suggestive of fairyland, the 
 city has never presented a more beautiful appearance. 
 
 It is estimated that there were over 2,000 men in the pro- 
 cession, which marched in the following order: 
 
 Platoon of Police. 
 
 Grand Marshal, Capt. John McGaffin, and Staff. 
 
 Troop B, N. G., N. Y. 
 
 First Division (^Military) 
 
 Major Thomas W. Hislop and Aides. 
 
 Doring's Second Regiment Band. 
 
 Company B (yth Separate Company), Cohoes. 
 
 Company C (nth Separate Company), Troy. 
 
 Company D (21st Separate Company), Troy. 
 
 Company A (6th Separate Company), Troy. 
 
 Company E (36th Separate Company), Schenectady. 
 
 Company F (37th Separate Company), Schenectady. 
 
 Second Division (JFiremen) 
 
 Chief T. C. Collin and Assistant. 
 
 Troy City Band. 
 
 Detail from Troy Department. 
 
 Washington Volunteer Steamer Co., Troy. 
 
 Hope Steamer Co., Troy. 
 
 Hope Engine Co., Troy. 
 
 Arba Read Steamer Co., Troy. 
 
 Ranken Steamer Co., Troy. 
 
 Osgood Steamer Co., Troy. 
 
 Charles Eddy Steamer Co., Troy. 
 
 Farnam Steamer Co., Troy. 
 
Cohoes Ceremonies 1095 
 
 Bussey Steamer Co., Troy. Hight 
 
 Beman Park Hose Co., Troy. Parade 
 
 Fake Hook and Ladder Co., Lansingburg. 
 
 Mason Hose Co., Lansingburg. 
 
 Child Steamer Co., Lansingburg. 
 
 Twining Steamer Co., Lansingburg. 
 
 Kirkpatrick's Band. 
 
 Knickerbocker Steamer Co., Waterford. 
 
 J. W. Ford Hose Co., Waterford. 
 
 C. H. Kavanaugh Hook and Ladder Co., Waterford. 
 
 F. B. Peck Hose Co., Waterford. 
 
 John McCreary Steamer Co., Cohoes. 
 
 Robert Johnston Steamer Co., Cohoes. 
 
 J. D. Leversee Hose Co., Cohoes. 
 
 Henry Shaver Hose Co., Cohoes. 
 
 Cascade Hose Co., Cohoes. 
 
 John H. Murphy Steamer Co., Cohoes. 
 
 Third Division {Redmen). 
 
 Dr. D. F. H. Harpenger, Commanding. 
 
 Green's Cohoes City Band. 
 
 Wa-wa-da-ha, No. 297, Albany. 
 
 Ojibway, No. 307, Albany. 
 
 Wa-ga-ris-ka, No. 342, Albany. 
 
 Wat-a-head-agwa, No. 392, Albany. 
 
 Aur-ware, No. 393, Albany. 
 
 Iosco, No. 341, Guilderland. 
 
 Schaugh-naugh-to-da, No. 123, Schenectady. 
 
 Schon-o-we, No. 349, Schenectady. 
 
 Can-to-gno, No. 361, Schenectady. 
 
 Do-hor-j-wach-qua, No. 430, Schenectady. 
 
 Wah-ta-wah, No. 230, Troy. 
 
 Agann-schi-oui, No. 377, Rensselaer. 
 
 Ga-ha-oose, No. 422, Cohoes. 
 
 Indian drag. 
 
 Indian float. 
 
 Fourth Division {Odd Fellows) 
 
 Cascade Drum Corps. 
 
 Leo Canton, No. 8, Troy. 
 
 Union Canton, No. 51, Schenectady. 
 
 Following the dismissal of the column the various military Visitors 
 organizations marched to the State Armory where they were t^^^l^ 
 entertained by the men of Co. B. The visiting Odd Fellows 
 were escorted to Odd Fellows' Temple, on Mohawk street, where 
 they were hospitably entertained. The out-of-town Redmen 
 
1096 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 were the guests of Ga-ha-oose Tribe in the local wigwam, and 
 the firemen from Troy, Waterford and other places were given 
 a welcome by the Cohoes Volunteer fire companies. 
 River y^g Celebration on the river at the head of navigation on 
 
 Monday evening, October 11, brought to an end not only the 
 local ceremonies but also the entire Hudson-Fulton Celebra- 
 tion. Commodore Mitchell and the other officers of the 
 Country Club had the river carnival in charge. The aquatic 
 procession, including about 100 gaily decorated motor boats, 
 canoes and rowboats, started about 9.45 P. M. The flagship 
 Cambour led the fleet, followed by the judges' boat Valiant. 
 The latter was followed in turn by the tugboat Frank R. Roosa 
 with the Troy City Band and representatives of the press. At 
 the signal of a rocket, the procession started from opposite 
 13th street, Lansingburg, and moved up the west side of the 
 Hudson river to a point below the Beacon Electric Co.'s cable 
 at 22d street, Lansingburg. Thence it crossed to the east 
 side of the river and went down stream to a point below Glen 
 avenue, Troy, whence it crossed to the west side again and 
 proceeded up stream as far as i8th street. As the procession 
 turned down stream at 22d street, the fireworks display on the 
 hilltop at Upper Van Schaick Island was begun. During the 
 carnival, the river, from Waterford to the State Dam, was 
 kaleidoscopic with the scintillation of innumerable colored 
 lanterns. There have been some beautiful water carnivals at 
 Cohoes in past years, but none to equal in splendor that with 
 which the Hudson Fulton Celebration was brought to a close. 
 Mayor's The Celebration in Cohoes was characterized by Mayor 
 Letter Hanson in the following official letter issued on Tuesday, 
 October 12: 
 
 " Cohoes, N. Y., October 12, 1909. 
 
 "To THE Citizens of Cohoes. — I feel as Mayor of the City of Cohoes 
 that I cannot permit the great festivities and Celebration that took place during 
 the past two days in our city to go by without, on behalf of the city, expressing 
 
Cohoes Ceremonies i097 
 
 my great appreciation to the citizens for the great effort, by them, in making Mayor s 
 the Celebration a success. * ^^ 
 
 "The bringing together on Sunday afternoon of great numbers of school 
 children of our city, and the blending together of the children of all nationalities 
 and creeds to join in the religious Celebration and to be addressed by the city's 
 very honored and distinguished guest, His Excellency Governor Hughes, is 
 something that will always be remembered as one of the great events in the 
 history of our city. 
 
 " The words of advice given by His Excellency the Governor I know were 
 drunk in by every child and every adult, and the children of the city were 
 inspired and will profit by the advice given. 
 
 "To those who brought the great demonstration about and made it possible 
 for the assembhng and blending together of all the children of our city, all 
 honor is given. It was not the effort of one, but the combined effort of all. 
 
 "The Celebration of yesterday is on a par with, if not surpasses, any other 
 Celebration in the history of our city, and the festivities, participated in by all 
 our citizens in honor of the discovery of the Hudson River and the application 
 of steam to navigation, are such as will never be forgotten. 
 
 "I desire on behalf of the city to thank the members of the various committees 
 who were untiring in their efforts to make the Celebration a success, and their 
 efforts will always, I trust, be appreciated and remembered by the citizens of 
 Cohoes. That their efforts were not in vain is demonstrated by the great 
 result. 
 
 "The river demonstration surpassed anything and any festivity ever held 
 on the waters about our city. This scene was one beautiful to behold and one, 
 I trust, that will never be forgotten. Its beauty and grandeur were such as 
 will impress themselves upon the minds of our citizens for years to come. 
 
 " In commemorating the great events of the discovery of the Hudson and the 
 application of steam to navigation, Cohoes did herself proud and has placed 
 herself upon a par with the sister cities of the State. 
 
 " This great demonstration and commemorating festivities are not the results 
 of any one mind or of any one effort, but are the result of combined efforts of 
 of all our citizens generally and demonstrate that combined effort and civic 
 pride will do much to put our city upon the pinnacle where she belongs. 
 
 "Again in behalf of our city I congratulate our citizens. 
 
 "M. D. Hanson, 
 
 " Mayor." 
 
o 
 
 CHAPTER LX 
 
 HUDSON RIVER PARKS AND SCENERY 
 
 NE of the most valuable features of the Hudson-Fulton 
 Celebration along the whole Hudson River was its 
 influence in arousing the civic pride of the various 
 localities and the stimulus which it gave to local improvements. 
 Where these improvements were in the nature of creating parks 
 and preserving natural scenery, they expressed what may be 
 called the aesthetic side of the Celebration. In some cases, as 
 in the City of Troy where an ordinance was passed establishing 
 a new park, the projects were actually consummated. In other 
 cases, seed was planted which, it is hoped, will eventually bear 
 fruit. Among the latter were three notable projects which may 
 appropriately be recorded in this report, namely, the proposed 
 Municipal Park on Inwood Hill in New York City, the pro- 
 posed State Park at Verplanck's Point, and the proposed State 
 Park for the preservation of the scenery of the Highlands. For 
 each of these undertakings the Commission had a special com- 
 mittee. Mr. John E. Parsons is Chairman of the Inwood 
 Hill Park Committee, the Hon. Cornelius A. Pugsley Chair- 
 man of the Verplanck's Point Committee, and the Hon. Alton 
 B. Parker Chairman of the Hudson River Scenery Committee. 
 Inwood Inwood Hill forms the northernmost extremity of Manhattan 
 Island. It is about 3,600 feet long, about 1,250 feet wide, and 
 extends along the Hudson River from Dyckman street on the 
 south to Spuyten Duyvil Creek on the north. Near the 
 northern end it has an altitude of 217 feet. Roughly speaking, 
 it has an area of about 105 acres, but it was proposed to take 
 for the park only about 75 acres lying north of the valuable 
 property bordering on Dyckman street or even less if necessary. 
 The hill presents a beautifully rounded contour, is thickly 
 109S 
 
 Hill 
 Park 
 
Hudson River Parks and Scenery 1099 
 
 wooded, contains few buildings, and appears almost as it did Inwood 
 to Henry Hudson 300 years ago. From it, a more extended ^^^^ 
 view up the Hudson River can be had than from any other part 
 of Manhattan Island. Besides its landscape beauty, it has 
 many historical associations. At the base of the cliffs on the 
 eastern side, near Cold Spring, is a rock habitation in which the 
 aborigines dwelt. This is known from the native implements 
 and utensils found therein and now preserved in the American 
 Museum of Natural History. Manhattan Island thus presents 
 the extraordinary contrast, not paralleled in any other city of 
 America, perhaps in the world, of having at one end an aborig- 
 inal dwelling and at the other the tallest buildings that modern 
 architecture can create. Around the rock dwelling are exten- 
 sive shell heaps left by the Indians belonging to the tribe which 
 attacked Hudson on his return down the river. On the 
 summit of the hill stood the Cock Hill Fort during the American 
 Revolution. 
 
 While the idea of a public park at Inwood Hill had been 
 agitated by certain civic organizations before the creation of 
 the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission, the intrinsic 
 value of the proposition, its historical propriety and its relation 
 to other projected improvements appealed so strongly to the 
 Trustees that it was taken up as an object of prime importance 
 at the very first meeting of the Executive Committee of the 
 Hudson Ter-centenary Joint Committee on December 16, 1905, 
 and for over four years the Inwood Hill Park Committee, under 
 the Chairmanship of Mr. John E. Parsons, has labored assid- 
 uously, not only to persuade the municipal authorities of the 
 desirability of creating the park, but also to facilitate the nego- 
 tiations for the acquisition of the property. The first communi- 
 cation on this subject was addressed to the Board of Estimate 
 and Apportionment on August 15, 1906, recommending the 
 acquisition of 75 acres for the proposed park. During the 
 next nine months, the Inwood Hill Park Committee made a 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Inwood careful analysis of the situation, with the aid of expert assist- 
 Park ance, and on May 8, 1907, laid the project before Mayor 
 McClellan personally at the City Hall. The delegation which 
 accompanied Mr. Parsons at this interview and which affords 
 an index of the quality of public sentiment in favor of the 
 Inwood Park Hill project was composed of Gen. Stewart L. 
 Woodford, President of the Commission; Mr. Herman Ridder, 
 Presiding Vice-President of the Commission; Hon. Levi P. 
 Morton, ex-Governor of New York and ex-Vice President of 
 the United States; Hon. Frederick W. Seward, ex-Secretary of 
 State of the United States; Mr. Tunis G. Bergen, Mr. William 
 J. Curtis, Dr. Edward Hagaman Hall, Hon. Warren Higley, 
 Mr. George A. Hearn, Mr. Samuel V. Hoffman, Dr. George 
 Frederick Kunz, Hon. William J. McKay, Rear Admiral 
 George W. Melville, U. S. N., Mr. Frank D. Millet, Mr. 
 Bayard L. Peck, Col. Henry W. Sackett, Mr. Isaac N. Selig- 
 man, and Mr. Aaron Vanderbilt. The Mayor, who appeared 
 to regard the proposition with favor, requested that the Com- 
 mission send him a formal communication on the subject which 
 he could lay before the Board of Estimate and Apportionment. 
 In compliance with this request, the following letter was sent: 
 
 "May 20, 1907. 
 
 " Hon. George B. McClellan, Mayor, City Hall, Neiv York: 
 
 " Dear Sir. — The Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission avails itself of 
 your kind proposal to put before you in wnting the purport of the application 
 made by the Co.Timission to you at the interview which you were so good as 
 to accord to it on May 8. 
 
 " Under date of August 15, 1906, the Commission caused to be sent to the 
 Board of Estimate and Apportionment an appeal for a park at Inwood Hill 
 for the double purpose of preserving the hill as a Hudson-Fulton memorial 
 and of using it for such erection, architectural or sculptural, as would indicate 
 and establish its memorial character. 
 
 " A copy of the appeal, for convenience of reference, is sent herewith. (See 
 pages 160 and 161 of the printed minutes.) 
 
 " In support of our application to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, 
 and for submission by you to the Board, permit me to add this: 
 
Hudson River Parks and Scenery 
 
 "The park has already been recommended by influential civic societies and Inwood 
 by the city's own engineers. It would secure almost in its primeval condition 
 the last portion of Manhattan Island in respect of which this is possible. From 
 this beautiful wooded knoll, appearing to us to-day almost as it did to Henry 
 Hudson nearly three hundred years ago, a more extended view up the Hudson 
 River can be obtained than from any other part of the island. Besides its 
 landscape beauty, it has many historical associations. At the base of the cliffs 
 near Cold Spring is a rock habitation in which the aborigines dwelt, as was 
 proven by implements and utensils excavated therefrom, and now preserved in 
 the Museum of Natural History. Around it are scattered extensive shell heaps 
 left by the Indians who belonged to the tribe which attacked Hudson on his 
 return from his voyage up the river. On the summit of the hill during the 
 Revolution stood the Cock Hill Fort. 
 
 " We are proud to think that New York has already taken its place as a metro- 
 politan city. We point with satisfaction to the mammoth strides with which 
 its population grows. We anticipate in the near future the time when every 
 available part of the island will be used to meet the needs for residence and 
 business of those who wish to make New York their home. The tendency 
 has been and will continue to be in the direction of density of population. 
 What our people need at the present time, what as time goes on will become 
 more and more necessary, will be open spaces which can be used for health 
 and diversion. Nature provided two such places of exceptional suitability at 
 the two ends of the island, one at the Battery and the other at Inwood. The 
 lower end has lost its original character. It has lost everything which asso- 
 ciates it with the early history of the settlement. The Government House 
 disappeared years ago. What is left to us is the hill at Inwood. 
 
 " There has always been a close association between seas or rivers and the 
 important cities which have been built upon their banks. There will at once 
 occur to our minds Thebes and the Nile, Rome and the Tiber, Constantinople 
 and the Bosphorus, Vienna and the Danube, Paris and the Seine, London and 
 the Thames. Every mile of the Rhine from its source to its mouth is impressed 
 with the history of the continental nations of Europe. New York has been 
 more bountifully endowed than is the case with any of the great capitals, whether 
 of the past or of the present, in the fact of the magnificent stream which makes 
 its harbor, which brings it into touch with all the rest of the world, and which 
 from the first settlement appealed ahke to our Dutch, our English, and our 
 Colonial ancestors. Its value to us is always more and more apparent. The 
 question presented by our application is whether there shall be lost to us the 
 one historical possibility which goes back to the beginning, and which may 
 continue to the end. TTie difference, in respect of which pre-eminence may be 
 claimed for other great rivers, is in the history with which they are associated. 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Inwood Pardon us if we make too strong an appeal to sentiment and civic pride. The 
 H'll work of man's hands is perishable. The Coliseum may fall to the ground, 
 
 the arch of Constantine crumble into dust. The seven hills of Rome will endure 
 forever. 
 
 " Permit us to submit that the interest of the city now and hereafter, the well- 
 being of the large population which is to crowd the upper part of the island, 
 and suitable regard for historical association, for the past, and for patriotic 
 feeling, and the urgency which requires that New York shall be rounded out 
 in every direction which is consistent with its importance, require the preser- 
 vation of this hill. 
 
 " When the matter was first considered by the Commission it was thought 
 that its application should be for the entire hill from Dyckman street on the 
 south to its northerly limit, embracing an area of about one hundred and five 
 acres. The Commission is most anxious to yield to every consideration of 
 economy which is consistent with the accomplishment of its purpose. It has 
 come to the conclusion that in large measure the purpose which it and many 
 others have at heart will be accomplished by reducing the area so as to omit 
 the part of the hill which bounds on the upper side of Dyckman street, and to 
 omit the lower part of the hill to the eastward, thus reducing the area to not 
 very much more than sixty acres. The Commission has caused inquiry to be 
 made about values and is satisfied that the acquisition of this property ought 
 not to involve an outlay beyond $2,000,000. And it must be kept in mind 
 that if any scheme for roads, over or around the hill, is to prevail, and if the 
 bridge shall be built, with its necessary approaches, this will involve a material 
 expenditure which will be saved to the city when the city becomes the owner 
 of the hill. 
 
 " Yours respectfully, 
 
 " Stewart L. Woodford, 
 " Henry W. Sackett, " President. 
 
 " Secretary." 
 
 It is not necessary to particularize here all the various calls 
 upon, interviews with, and communications to the municipal 
 authorities on this subject. All had the same end, namely, 
 to induce the city to acquire the park and to coordinate with 
 it the other public improvements proposed at that end of the 
 island. 
 
 The relation which this proposition sustains to other proposed 
 public improvements, above alluded to, is this: For a decade 
 
Hudson River Parks and Scenery 1 103 
 
 or more, the city has contemplated extending Riverside Drive Inwood 
 northward from its present terminus on the south side ofp^j.^ 
 Dyckman street. It has planned that this extension shall be 
 made across Dyckman street by means of a viaduct; across 
 Inwood Hill by a driveway; and across Spuyten Duyvil Creek 
 by a bridge, which, it is proposed, shall be called the Hudson 
 Memorial Bridge. Thus there are three inter-related propo- 
 sitions affecting the northern and western portion of Inwood 
 Hill, namely, the acquisition of land for the bridge approach; 
 the acquisition of land for Riverside Drive and the acquisition 
 of land for Inwood Hill Park. The Inwood Hill Park Commit- 
 tee, representing with authority the sentiments of the Commis- 
 sion, has taken the position that from considerations of public 
 policy, the city should not deal with these three phases of the 
 subject independently and consecutively, but should cover 
 them all together and simultaneously by the acquisition of the 
 75 acres, more or less, recommended for the park. The Com- 
 mission has pointed out to the municipal authorities that if 
 land for the bridge approach or for the Riverside Drive exten- 
 sion only is acquired, the price of the adjacent property will 
 immediately be raised, and the city will be confronted with 
 the same situation as that which it faced when it acquired 
 Central Park. In that case, the city purchased the area from 
 59th to io6th streets, a distance of 47 blocks, for ^5,111,426. 
 When it came to adding the four blocks from io6th to lioth 
 street, which should have cost, at the same rate, about 
 j^435,ooo, it was astounded by a valuation of $1,499,429 — an 
 increase at the rate of more that 300 per cent in three years. 
 In other words, the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission 
 argued that with respect to Inwood Hill, the city would save 
 money by acquiring outright the 75 acres recommended, 
 whereas it would be bidding against itself if it took the property 
 piecemeal. The Commission also urged that the Board of 
 Estimate and Apportionment give the park plan precedence 
 
II04 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Inwood over the bridge plan, for the reason that the bridge is not 
 p^lj needed now. As the building of the bridge can be postponed 
 until after the acquisition of Inwood Hill Park without risk of 
 increased cost of constructing the bridge and without injury to 
 public interests, while the reverse course will inevitably involve 
 a greatly increased cost of the park property, the best policy 
 of the city would seem to be obvious. 
 
 The Commission has also taken another position with 
 reference to this proposition, namely, that it will assist in every 
 legitimate way to bring the municipal authorities and the 
 Inwood Hill property owners together, but it will not counte- 
 nance excessive prices for the property. When the Commission 
 first brought the proposition to the attention of the Mayor and 
 Board of Estimate in 1906, it secured a number of options, 
 sufficient to establish a basis for acquiring the whole 75 acres, 
 and had reason to believe that a considerable part of the 75 acres 
 in question could have been purchased on the basis of not to 
 exceed $2,000,000 for the whole. 
 
 At present writing, the Inwood Hill Park project remains 
 in statu quo. The Inwood Hill Park Committee, however, 
 by authority of the Trustees, remains in active service, and it 
 is hoped that the city authorities may soon see the wisdom of 
 conserving this last remaining vestige of almost primeval 
 Ver- Manhattan as a legacy for future generations, 
 ^anck's -pj^^ proposition for a State Park at Verplanck's Point on 
 Park the Hudson River was in part the result of a proposition to hold 
 a World's Fair at that point. This project was advanced at 
 a public hearing by the Commission on December 29, 1905. 
 By the middle of the following year, however, the idea of a 
 World's Fair had practically been thrown out of consideration 
 by the Commision, and instead thereof, the Plan and Scope 
 Committee recommended on June 13, 1906, that a State Park 
 be created at Verplanck's Point. The report set forth the 
 arguments for the park in the following words: 
 
Hudson River Parks and Scenery- 1 105 
 
 "We recommend that the State of New York authorize the acquisition by Ver- 
 agreement or condemnation of about 20 acres on Verplanck's Point, or so much P ^. 
 as may be necessary to embrace the salient landscape and historical features p^^^^ 
 of the point, for a public park. 
 
 "Hudson sailed between Stony and Verplanck's Point on his northward 
 voyage September 14, 1609, according to an easily recognizable passage in his 
 journal, and anchored here on his return trip, October i. These two headlands 
 form the natural gateway to the Highlands and have been likened by Irving 
 to the Pillars of Hercules, of which Stony Point is the Gibraltar. The State 
 already has a reservation of 34 acres on the Stony Point Battlefield, which has 
 been improved under the care of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation 
 Society and is now visited by nearly 20,000 persons a year. 
 
 "On Verplanck's Point, the military complement of Stony Point, stood Fort 
 Fayette, which shared the vicissitudes of the post across the river, and the remains 
 of which are still extant. Here, in 1782, Washington and the American army 
 received Count Rochambeau and the French auxiliaries en route from Virginia 
 for Boston. The hill on which Washington's marquee stood is one of the con- 
 spicuous eminences in that region. Between the two points was the famous 
 King's Ferry, which was the principal trans-Hudson thoroughfare between 
 New England and the West and South during the War for Independence, and 
 across which all the great commanders and conspicuous figures of that period 
 and troops of all the armies passed at one time or another. 
 
 "This point, while not lacking diversity of elevation, is not so rugged as 
 Stony Point, and is readily adaptable to the purposes of a great recreation 
 ground for wholesome popular enjoyment such as does not exist either in the 
 City of New York or elsewhere in the State. The rapid growth of the metropoHs 
 and the increasing difficulty of providing adequate recreation grounds within 
 the city limits; the justice of reserving from private ownership suitable places 
 where the people at large, in city and county, can have access to and free enjoy- 
 ment of the beauties of the world-famous Hudson; and the material shortening 
 of time-distances by improved transit facilities, are added reasons for giving 
 to the people on this occasion this ehgible and interesting reservation on the 
 east bank of the river." 
 
 In pursuance of this recommendation, the Verplanck's Point 
 Committee, of which Hon. C. A. Pugsley of Peekskill is Chair- 
 man, prepared a map and secured estimates upon which it 
 based specific recommendations to the Trustees on January 23, 
 1907. The map and recommendations in detail appear on 
 pages 221-226 of the Official Minutes. From this report, it 
 70 . 
 
iio6 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Ver- appeared that about the year 1830, with a view to real estate 
 Point developments, Verplanck's Point was laid out as a city, to be 
 Park called Verplanck, with streets and avenues somewhat upon the 
 plan of the City of New York. This plan is used locally in 
 the indication of property lines. The Committee recom- 
 mended the acquisition of various parcels, embracing a total 
 of 105 acres. It included the principal water-front of the 
 point, Washington Hill, and a parkway connecting them. 
 This area would include not only the most salient topographic 
 features of the point, but also the localities of chief historical 
 interest — the site of Fort Fayette, the Battery, the Ferry land- 
 ing, Washington's Hill and Camp Ground. It was estimated 
 that the water front property could be bought on the basis of 
 about $1,000 an acre and the portions farther back at prices 
 ranging from $500 to $700 an acre. 
 
 On April 16, 1907, the Hon. James K. Apgar introduced in 
 the Assembly a bill "to provide for acquiring land on Ver- 
 planck's Point in Westchester County for a Hudson-Fulton 
 Memorial Park and making an appropriation therefor. " The 
 bill appropriated $125,000, but failed to become a law. 
 
 On February 10, 1909, the Hon. F. L. Young introduced 
 substantially the same bill in the Assembly, the appropriation 
 this time being reduced to $75,000, but this effort was equally 
 unsuccessful. 
 High- Yhe Hudson River Scenery Committee, of which the Hon. 
 
 Park Alton B. Parker is Chairman, was authorized to be appointed at 
 the meeting of the Trustees held on September 23, 1908. 
 Upon assuming their duties, the Committee asked Mr. F. P. 
 Albert, for many years an active champion of the natural 
 beauty of the Hudson Valley, to assist them as Secretary of the 
 Committee. The principal object of this Committee was to 
 save the Highlands of the Hudson River as a tribute to the 
 memory of Hudson and Fulton. It was felt that there could 
 be no more fitting memorial of Hudson's and Fulton's achieve- 
 
Hudson River Parks and Scenery 1 107 
 
 ments than provision that these silent witnesses of the passing High- 
 events of centuries should remain undespoiled of their natural p^^^ 
 beauty and grandeur. 
 
 The arguments in favor of the undertaking of this Committee 
 are well set forth in the following report to the Trustees: 
 
 "One purpose for which this Committee was created having been 'to promote 
 legislation,' this Committee respectfully recommends the indorsement by the 
 Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission of the accompanying bill entitled 'An 
 Act to establish a State park in the Highlands of the Hudson River, as a memorial 
 to Henry Hudson and Robert Fulton, to provide for the selection, location, 
 appropriation and management thereof, and thereby to preserve the natural 
 scenery of the Hudson River.' The adoption of the bill is suitable to the purpose 
 for which the Hudson-Fulton Commission was created, and will redound to 
 its credit as an enduring tribute to Hudson and Fulton. What has been arranged 
 for as enduring in character in proximity to the City of New York is altogether 
 commendable, though local, but the Hudson River extends northward 150 
 miles, and Hudson and Fulton had relation to the river in its entirety. It was 
 the natural scenery that the early navigator discovered and knew, and it was 
 Fulton's revolutionary changes in the application of steam as a motive power 
 of commerce that has brought the upper reaches of the Hudson nearer to a 
 great metropolis. 
 
 "In favor of this bill it may be said that thirteen miles of the Palisades having 
 already been protected at a cost of $450,000, the even more beautiful and varied 
 scenery of the Highlands of the Hudson, which extend fifteen miles between 
 Peekskill and Newburgh, will be saved for the People of the State of New York, 
 and the State will not be humiliated by the vandalism of trade in the eyes of 
 travelers from all parts of this country and all parts of the world. 
 
 "Along both sides of the river are highways, rendering this park accessible; 
 conversely it may be said that this strip will add beauty to those highways and 
 eventually afford the immediate means of communication along the western 
 shore with the metropolis. 
 
 "While it is true that this Commission is 'Hudson-Fulton' in name, and is 
 concerned with providing memorials to the man who discovered the Hudson 
 River, and who sailed past the Highlands long before the establishment of our 
 Republic; also to the man who adapted steam to navigation; yet you are pre- 
 serving a region full of the memories of our Dutch traditions, described in 
 American poetry and fiction, and replete in associations with early American 
 histot)'. 
 
 "Your Committee, as individuals and as a body, has received a considerable 
 
io8 The Hudson- Fulton Celebration 
 
 High- number of communications (John Bigelow, Herbert Satterlee et al.) expressing 
 
 lands jjjg hope that the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission may provide enduring 
 
 memorials in the way of permanent assets to the State of New York. 
 
 "Regarding Section XVHI, it may be said that a number of property owners 
 in this region, appreciating the effort to preserve this natural scenery, will help 
 this movement by turning in their lands at a nominal value. 
 
 "The delayed protection for the shores of the Tappan Zee presents the 
 problems of saving the remaining Highlands of our river from further destruc- 
 tion, with unusual force. Careful investigation places the present value of 
 the quarries now in operation there at ^5,000,000, while before their lodgment, 
 undisturbed in its natural beauty, the whole of Hook Mountain, where the 
 quarries are now in operation, could have been bought for $25,000 or $30,000. 
 To delay protection of the natural scenery of the Hudson River until after 
 serious damage has been done, and then in preventing the further defacement 
 to be compelled to pay enormously for damage already inflicted, does not appeal 
 to the practical business mind as a position in which the interests of the public 
 should be placed or remain unprovided for, and the action taken by some of 
 our commercial organizations clearly indicates that view of the question." 
 
 In order to stimulate public sentiment on this subject, the 
 Committee issued a circular, containing the foregoing report 
 and the following public appeal: 
 
 " To the People of the State of New York : 
 
 " The Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commissioners appointed by the Governor 
 of the State and Mayor of the City of New York for the purpose of commem- 
 orating two important historical events in our national life, have appointed the 
 undersigned Committee to secure legal protection for the Highland scenery of 
 our river from the defacement which is spreading along its shores. 
 
 "The vital importance of checking the ruthless destruction of the natural 
 resources of our country has become a matter of national solicitude and State 
 authorities are aroused to the necessity of stopping the waste and ruin of those 
 valuable gifts of Nature which should contribute to the general welfare. 
 
 "As three days of the approaching week of Celebration are to be devoted 
 throughout the State to civic and religious ceremonies; when in its pulpits and 
 educational centers serious thought and expression will be given of the far- 
 reaching effort of those eventful periods on our existence and growth as a 
 nation, these lessons should be permanent and their educational value not con- 
 fined to the week of Celebration or limited in their scope of influence to the 
 present generation, but should in commemorative and commanding form be 
 perpetuated. 
 
Hudson River Parks and Scenery 1109 
 
 "No ordinary character of memorial seems adequate to express the narional High- 
 interest which centers in events so closely related to the progress of civilization '^°°s 
 on the North American Continent, and none of the many attractive forms of 
 nature with which this good land of ours is so richly embellished are as familiar 
 or appeal as strongly for protection as the Highland region of our river. Through 
 the Hudson Valley flows the tide of traffic and travel of a Continent and millions 
 of people delight in the quiet enjoyment of its magnificent scenery. Throughout 
 this region cluster the recollections of Revolutionary strife and by investing 
 them now with the distinction of memorial monuments additional interest will 
 be given to the world-renowned Highlands of the Hudson. 
 
 " Rarely does such an opportunity occur in the performance of a specific 
 public duty to secure also a great public benefaction, and as the State of New 
 York is alone responsible for the preservation of the natural scenery of our 
 river, the cooperation of every citizen is invited in support of the measures of 
 the Hudson-Fulton Commissioners, to make as an enduring part of the coming 
 ter-centennial celebration, security for all time of these natural monuments of 
 the Hudson as memorial monuments of the nation. 
 
 "Alton B. Parker, 
 
 "■Chairman. 
 " F. P. Albert, 
 
 " Secretary." 
 
 The efforts of the Committee to arouse a general interest in 
 preserving this permanent form of memorial met with gratifying 
 response in a practically unanimous public approval of the plan. 
 No feature of the Celebration received more thorough endorse- 
 ment by the press of the City and State of New York than that 
 for the preservation of the romantic scenery of the river. 
 
 Through their Committee on Forestry, the Federation of 
 Women's Clubs of the State of New York took an active 
 interest in the cause. The published statements of the Hudson 
 River Scenery Committee were circulated throughout the 
 State by the clubs of that organization, and upon their invitation 
 the Secretary of the Committee addressed the members of the 
 Federation at their annual convention at Rochester in Novem- 
 ber, 1909. 
 
 While the Committee's bill (Wainwright-Merritt bill No. 
 1318) for the protection of the wild forest growth of the High- 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 High- land region, some seventy square miles in extent, passed the 
 Park Legislature and was signed by the Governor, their bill for the 
 preservation of the Highland scenery of the Hudson River 
 (Bennett bill No. 2274) vi^as withheld by the Finance Committee 
 of the Senate because of the appropriations already agreed 
 upon for the Celebration ceremonies, and on May 26, 1909, 
 at the regular monthly meeting of the Trustees of the Com- 
 mission, Judge Parker, Chairman of the Committee on Hud- 
 son River Scenery, presented the following report: 
 
 "The Committee on Hudson River Scenery reports: 
 
 "That they have prepared and caused to be presented to the Legislature, 
 tv70 bills for the protection of the scenery of the Hudson River. 
 
 "The one (Wainwright-Merritt bill No. 13 18) which provides for the pres- 
 ervation of the wooded slopes of the Highlands extending over an area of 
 seventy-five square miles under the care of the Forestry Commissioner, has 
 passed the Legislature and has been signed by the Governor. 
 
 "The other (Bennett bill No. 2214) having for its object a continuation of 
 the methods employed to protect the Palisades to a point as far north as New- 
 burgh, after passing the Assembly and to a third reading in the Senate, was held 
 back from a favorable repon by the reluctance of the Finance Committee of 
 the Senate to make any further appropriation this year than the $300,000 given 
 to the general celebration fund. 
 
 " With an expenditure of ^229 out of the appropriation of $250 (vouchers 
 for which are in the hands of the Assistant Secretary) your Committee has 
 through different organizations and clubs distributed throughout the State 
 fifteen thousand illustrated pamphlets and brought the subject to the notice 
 of all the leading newspapers. The effect of this work has been an aroused 
 public interest and a practically unanimous endorsement by the press of the 
 plan embodied in the bills to save the Highlands from further defacement, 
 as a suitable permanent tribute to the achievements of Hudson and Fulton. 
 
 "We are sorry not to report that we have accomplished the mission you 
 assigned to us. But we do report our belief that the Hudson-Fulton Celebra- 
 tion Commission can yet accomplish the public service which it set out to 
 render — not this year, it is true, but next. If it be the desire of this Commis- 
 sion to have the Committee on Hudson River Scenery continue on its behalf 
 the efforts already made to secure legislation along the line of the Bennett bill, 
 you have but to indicate your wish, to ensure the earnest efforts of the Committee. 
 
 "It is to be regretted that it cannot be said to the multitudes who witness 
 
Hudson River Parks and Scenery 
 
 your decorous and impressive ceremonies: 'The law making power of this High- 
 State has said, no longer shall the ruthless defacement of the beautiful Hudson p° ^ 
 River be permitted.' But you can at least give the assurance that the work 
 will not stop until that most to be desired result is accomplished." 
 
 The Committee's report was accepted, its work commended, 
 and the Committee continued. 
 
 Having extended the life of the Committee until the object 
 for which it was appointed was accomplished, the work for 
 the protection of the Highlands was again taken up with 
 reasonable assurance that the next Legislature would approve 
 of the measure. In the meantime, events have occurred 
 which may limit the work of the Committee and which should 
 insure the protection of the Western Highlands through the 
 generous gifts of private citizens in land and money, which 
 have been offered to the State of New York with a condition 
 that the jurisdiction of the Palisades Interstate Commission 
 shall be extended from Stony Point to Storm King, including 
 the entire Western Highlands of the Hudson River. Further 
 initiative, therefore, by our Committee relative to the preserva- 
 tion of this section of our river shores may be unnecessary and 
 only the pleasant duty remains to aid as far as possible the 
 realization of this public benefaction. 
 
 When the Western Highlands shall have been placed under 
 the protective care of the State, the unguarded eastern shore 
 will still be open to the attacks of the quarrymen and the intru- 
 sion of other injurious interests which, suppressed on the one 
 side, will naturally seek lodgment on the other. It is hoped, 
 however, that the work of our Committee may help to guard 
 the Eastern Highlands from injury, before the invasion of 
 ruinous enterprises render the task more difficult and vastly 
 more expensive. 
 
CHAPTER LXI 
 
 PRESENTATION OF MEDALS TO GOVERNMENTS 
 
 The Last ' | "HE last formality of the Celebration was the presentation 
 Formal- * ■' ^ 
 
 T 
 
 Medals 
 
 ity I of gold medals and accompanying addresses to the heads 
 
 of nations which were represented by naval vessels at the 
 commemoration. The Commission felt under especial obliga- 
 tions to the governments of the United States, Great Britain, 
 the Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy, Mexico and the 
 Argentine Republic for sending vessels of their navies to join 
 the great international fleet, and thought that the occasion 
 should not be allowed to pass without making to them a direct 
 expression of appreciation and good will. 
 
 The The Commission therefore had eight copies of the Official 
 
 Medal, three inches in diameter, struck in gold from specially 
 cut dies. Upon the edge of each were engraved the words: 
 "To the Government of (name of Government) from the 
 Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission, September 25 — 
 October 9, 1909. A token of Friendship and Appreciation." 
 Each medal was enclosed in a Russia leather case, suitably 
 stamped, and each was accompanied by a letter, engrossed, 
 illuminated, and beautifully bound in book form, in hand- 
 tooled covers. The medals and engrossed addresses were 
 made by Tiffany & Co. 
 
 Order of Xhg f^^gt medal was naturally presented to the Government 
 of the United States, and this presentation took place on 
 Tuesday, November 23, 1909. In presenting the medals to 
 the foreign governments, the rule which recognizes the heads 
 of nations as equals required the observance of no order of 
 precedence and left the Commission free to consult its conven- 
 ience. General Woodford, the President of the Commission, 
 to whom was entrusted the duty of delivering the medals, 
 therefore presented the European testimonials in the following 
 
 Presen- 
 tation 
 
Presentation of Medals to Governments 1 1 13 
 
 order: To the Queen of the Netherlands on December 28, Oi^der of 
 IT- /• /-I T Presen- 
 
 1909; to the Emperor of Germany on January 12, 1910; tOj^,j„jj 
 
 the President of France on March i ; and to the King of Italy 
 on April 25. It is expected that the presentation to the King 
 of Great Britain will be made next month.* The medals 
 for the President of Mexico and the President of the Argentine 
 Republic were, by the courtesy of the United States Depart- 
 ment of State, sent in the diplomatic pouches, the one to the 
 United States Ambassador at the City of Mexico and the 
 other to the United States Envoy at Buenos Aires, and were 
 presented by them on January 26 and March 3 respectively. 
 
 In making the presentation to President Taft at the White To the 
 House, in Washington, on Tuesday, November 23, General ^^ jjj^ 
 Woodford was accompanied by Colonel Henry W. Sackett, United 
 Secretary, and Dr. Edward Hagaman Hall, Assistant Secretary ^'"'*^ 
 of the Commission. The ceremony took place in the Cabinet 
 Room. The President and his full Cabinet received the delega- 
 tion standing. General Woodford addressed the President 
 in the following words, concluding by handing to the Presi- 
 dent the engrossed copy: 
 
 THE HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Headquarters, The Tribune Building, 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 November 15, 1909. 
 The Honorable William H. Taft, President of the United States: 
 
 Sir. — In behalf of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission of the State 
 of New York, the undersigned Executive Officers have the honor to present 
 to the Government of the United States an Official Gold Medal struck by the 
 Commission in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the Exploration 
 of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson in 1609 and the looth anniversary of 
 the successful inauguration of Steam Navigation upon that river by Robert 
 Fulton in 1807. 
 
 * The presentation to the King of Great Britain was made on June 30, 1910, after the 
 date ol this report. See page 1132. 
 
114 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 To the The two events commemorated in the Celebration of which this Medal is 
 
 President ^ souvenir v?ere of more than local importance. In effect, they were of National 
 ^ . , and even International significance. One brought to the knowledge of Europe 
 States ''"'^ opened to Civilization the great river to which, more than any other single 
 natural factor, is due the greatness of New York State and New York City. 
 The other has given to all the navigable waters of the earth a value which they 
 did not previously possess, has narrowed the Ocean, in point of time, to one- 
 seventh its former dreary breadth, and has promoted the neighborliness of nations 
 to a degree which cannot readily be estimated. 
 
 Realizing the important influence of these and related events upon the moral 
 as well as the material welfare of our own and distant peoples, our Commission 
 planned a Celebration which, in its effect at home, was designed to educate our 
 cosmopolitan population in their own history, stimulate the culture of their higher 
 faculties, increase their civic pride, and strengthen their loyalty to the institu- 
 tions of our Government. With respect to the Foreign Nations which, through 
 the good offices of the Federal Government, became our guests, it was designed 
 to bring them together in friendly intercourse, acquaint them with the best 
 features of our American life and character, show them the cordiality of our 
 friendship, and cement those bonds of mutual confidence and affection which 
 are the surest conservators of international peace. 
 
 For whatever measure of success has attended our efforts in these directions, 
 we are largely indebted to the official coiuitenance and practical assistance of 
 the Federal Government. 
 
 Permit us, therefore, in behalf of our Commission and of the people of the 
 State of New York, to thank you very heartily for the cordial cooperation which, 
 through your sympathetic interest and by your official orders, was extended to 
 us; and to communicate through you to the members of your Cabinet, and 
 particularly to the Honorable the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treas- 
 ury, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Postmaster- 
 General, the assurances of our sincere appreciation of the hearty collaboration 
 of their Departments. 
 
 Permit us also to express the pleasure and instruction which the presence of 
 the Navy and Army gave to the millions of spectators of the Naval and Military 
 pageants. The sight of our superb fleet on the river and the speaacle of the 
 personnel of both the Navy and Army on land, were deeply impressive 
 and cannot have failed to exalt our national pride in these arms of the 
 Government. 
 
 In respectfully requesting you to accept this Medal, Mr. President, may we 
 ask you to cause it to be deposited in the archives of the Government, not only 
 as a memento of our Celebration, but also as a token of our appreciation and 
 
Presentation of Medals to Governments 1 1 15 
 
 a pledge of New York's loyal devotion to the Government of which you arc To the 
 the honored head. ' President 
 
 With assurances of our high esteem, we have the honor, sir, to subscribe^ ... 
 ourselves States 
 
 Your faithful friends, 
 
 Stewart L. Woodford, 
 President. 
 Andrew Carnegie, 
 Joseph H. Choate, 
 Frederick D. Grant, 
 Seth Low, 
 
 J. Pierpont Morgan, 
 Levi P. Morton, 
 Alton B. Parker, 
 John E. Parsons, 
 Horace Porter, 
 Herman Ridder, 
 Frederick W. Seward, 
 Francis Lynde Stetson, 
 Oscar S. Straus, 
 Jas. Grant Wilson, 
 
 Fice-Presidents. 
 Isaac N. Seligman, 
 
 Treasurer. 
 Henry W. Sackett, 
 
 Secretary. 
 [seal.] Edward Hagaman Hall, 
 
 Assistant Secretary. 
 
 The President replied by reading the following letter, which President 
 he subsequently handed to General Woodford: ^^^'.'^ 
 
 the white house, 
 Washington. 
 
 November 23, 1909. 
 Gentlemen. — In response to your letter of November 15, and your personal 
 presence with which you honor me, I beg to thank you for the official gold medal 
 struck by your Commission in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of 
 the exploration of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson in 1609 and the looth 
 anniversary of the successful inauguration of steam navigation upon that river 
 by Robert Fulton in 1807. 
 
II i6 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 President 
 
 Taft's 
 Reply 
 
 To the 
 Queen 
 of the 
 Nether- 
 lands 
 
 I congratulate you upon the great success of the appropriate celebration which 
 you inaugurated and carried out, and I am very glad to receive at your hands 
 this permanent memorial prepared by you to indicate the cordial cooperation 
 of the National Government in all its branches in making the Celebration a 
 success. As you request, I shall cause the medal to be deposited in the archives 
 of the State Department as a memento of the Celebration and as a token of 
 your appreciation and as a pledge of Nev? York's devotion to the Government 
 of the United States. 
 
 Very sincerely yours, 
 
 Wm. H. Taft. 
 To the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission of the State of New 
 York, The Tribune Building, New York, N. Y. 
 
 After this formal e.xchange, the President engaged in informal 
 conversation with the representatives of the Commission, 
 expressing the most cordial sentiments towards the body which 
 they represented and the pleasure which it gave him to co- 
 operate in the Celebration. 
 
 Before General Woodford sailed for Europe, the following 
 letter was sent through diplomatic channels to the Queen of 
 the Netherlands: 
 
 the HUDSON-FULTON celebration commission of the state of new YORK. 
 
 Headquarters, The Tribune Building, 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 November lo, 1909. 
 Her Majesty, Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands: 
 
 Your Majesty. — I am charged by the Trustees of the Hudson-Fulton 
 Celebration Commission of the State of New York with the agreeable duty 
 of expressing to Your Majesty the very great pleasure which this Commission 
 and those whom it represents have derived from the participation of the people 
 of the Netherlands, under Your Majesty's gracious encouragement, in the 
 Celebration just closed. 
 
 The Celebration was originally projected to commemorate the 300th anni- 
 versary of the Exploration of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson under the 
 auspices of the United Dutch East India Company in 1609, which led to the 
 settlement of this City and State by the Netherlanders; and although to this 
 was subsequently added the commemoration of the looth anniversary of the 
 successful inauguration of Steam Navigation upon that river by Robert Fulton 
 
Presentation of Medals to Governments 1 1 1 7 
 
 in 1807, the predominating idea throughout was the great debt which we owe To the 
 to those courageous pioneers of Netherlandish blood who braved the perils Q"een 
 of the sea and the privations of the wilderness to plant civilization on these jj .jj _ 
 shores three centuries ago. We feel that the liberal institutions inherited from i^nds 
 the Netherlands in the midst of their memorable struggle for political liberty 
 and the rights of self-government have been to our people, as they have been 
 to yours, an important element in their unity and happiness. 
 
 We desire to thank Your Majesty cordiallv for the message of sympathy and 
 friendship brought by your distinguished representative, the Honorable J. T. 
 Cremer, and to assure you that it is heanily reciprocated. Our adoption of 
 the old colors of the Netherlands in the Official Flag of this Commission 
 attested our deep veneration for the traditions which bind us in ties of affection 
 to the Netherlands and we were deeply touched by Mr. Cremer's act, at your 
 command, in saluting with his lips this emblem of our mutual friendship. 
 
 We desire also to thank Your Majesty and your people for the delegation 
 of distinguished citizens who so worthily represented Your Majesty's Govern- 
 ment, the Royal Navy and Army, the Municipal Governments, and the intel- 
 lectual culture and commercial enterprise of your Nation. It was a great 
 pleasure to have them as our guests, in both their representative and personal 
 capacities, and our onlv regret was that their stay with us was so brief. 
 
 We are grateful not only for the happy memories which this reunion with 
 our Dutch Motherland has left to u.s, but also for the tangible expression of 
 the good will of your people, extended under the patronage of Your Majesty's 
 Royal Consort, Prince Henr,-, in the form of a reproduction of the historic 
 ship the Half Moon. This vessel, built with such affectionate care and at such 
 generous expense, was the focus of the attention of millions of people and was 
 the object of their most intense interest. The Half Moon, and the pictures 
 thereof also generously sent to be placed in our public schools, will long serve 
 as outward symbols to recall to coming generations those heartfelt sentiments 
 of international friendship which we gladly cherish toward your Nation. 
 
 Our happiness on this auspicious occasion has been enhanced by the 
 knowledge of the felicity and prosperity of the people of the Netherlands under 
 your benignant reign, and particularly by the knowledge of the great blessing 
 which has recently come to you and your people and which promises a happy 
 continuance of the reign of the House of Orange. 
 
 May Heaven's richest benediction rest upon Your Majesty, Your Royal 
 Consort, the Heiress Apparent and your happy people, and may your health 
 and prosperity be as enduring as the ties of affection which still bind the New 
 Netherlands, under their newer name, to the Old Netherlands. 
 
 With Your Majesty's permission I shall, as soon as possible after the first 
 of December, give myself the honor of paying my respects to Your Majesty, 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 To the and presenting to you the Commemorative Gold Medal which the Commission 
 Queen jj preparing for those Governments which honored us by sending vessels of 
 
 their navies to the Celebration. 
 lands ^" behalf of the Commission, I have the honor to subscribe myself, 
 
 Your Majesty's faithful friend, 
 
 Stewart L. Woodford, 
 Henry W. Sackett, President. 
 
 Secretary. 
 Edward Hagaman Hall, 
 
 Assistant Secretary. 
 [seal.] 
 
 Receiving an intimation of the Queen's pleasure, General 
 Woodford presented the medal and address to her at the Hague 
 on Tuesday, December 28, 1909. The address was as follows: 
 
 the HUDSON-FULTON celebration commission of the state of new YORK 
 
 Headquarters, The Tribune Building, 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 November 27, I909. 
 Her Majesty, Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands: 
 
 Your Majesty. — In behalf of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission 
 of the State of New York, the undersigned Executive Officers have the honor 
 to present to the Government of the Netherlands as represented in Your Maj- 
 esty's person an Official Gold Medal struck in commemoration of the 300th 
 anniversary of the Discovery of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson under 
 the auspices of the Dutch East India Company in 1609 and the looth anniver- 
 sary of the successful inauguration of Steam Navigation upon that river by 
 Robert Fulton in 1807. And we beg you to accept it not only as a memento 
 of the important events commemorated, but also as a token of our sincere 
 appreciation of the generous participation of the Netherlands in our festival. 
 
 The presence of the Netherlands armored cruiser Utrecht, the gift of the 
 facsimile of the famous ship the Half Moon, the attendance of the distinguished 
 delegation of high officials and prominent individuals representing the Govern- 
 ment and People of the Netherlands, and, above all, the messages of good- 
 will brought from your Nation to the people of our State, were most gratifying 
 evidences of a friendship highly prized by us. 
 
 We avail ourselves of this opponunity to express our gratitude for the generous 
 sentiments thus manifested, and to assure Your Majesty and your people that 
 they are cordially reciprocated. 
 
Presentation of Medals to Governments 1 1 19 
 
 The two events whose anniversaries were linked together in our Celt- To the 
 bration by their common association with the Hudson River have themselves Vu^^n 
 done much to link together the Old World and the New; for while Hudson's 
 voyage brought to these shores the progressive European civilization represented jj^jg 
 by the Netherlands, the demonstration of the practicability of steam navigation 
 by our inventor, on the other hand, has brought America nearer to Europe, 
 promoted the neighborliness of Nations and conduced to the friendly intercourse 
 and interdependence of all peoples. 
 
 In renewing to Your Majesty and the people of the Netherlands the hope 
 that the ties of blood and tradition which have bound our two countries together 
 so strongly for three hundred years may continue with unimpaired strength 
 during the centuries to come, may we also express the hope that in the Con- 
 gresses of the Nations to be held in coming years within your borders, the 
 united sentiments and endeavors of your Nation and ours may conjoin to 
 promote the peace and happiness of all mankind. 
 
 In behalf of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission and those whom 
 it represents, we have the honor to remain 
 
 Your Majesty's faithful friends, 
 
 Stewart L. Woodford, 
 
 PresiJent. 
 Andrew Carnegie, 
 Joseph H. Choate, 
 Frederick D. Grant, 
 Seth Low, 
 
 J. PiERPONT Morgan, 
 Levi P. Morton, 
 Alton B. Parker, 
 John E. Parsons, 
 Horace Porter, 
 Herman Ridder, 
 Frederick W. Seward, 
 Francis Lynde Stetson, 
 Oscar S. Straus, 
 Jas. Grant Wilson, 
 
 Vice-Presidents. 
 Isaac N. Seligman, 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Henry W. Sackett, 
 
 Secretary. 
 [seal.] Edward Hagaman Hall, 
 
 Assistant Secretary. 
 
1 1 20 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 To the During his stay in the Netherlands the President of the 
 
 o"^e Commission received marked expressions of hospitality from 
 Nether- the Queen and the people of the Netherlands. Among other 
 * attentions shown him were an invitation to a dinner given by 
 the Queen at the Palace at the Hague, an invitation to the 
 Court Ball, and an invitation to an official dinner and reception 
 by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. 
 To the On Wednesday, January 12, 1910, Emperor William of 
 
 pj Germany gave General Woodford an audience at which the 
 
 Germany medal and address to the German Government were pre- 
 sented. The address was as follows: 
 
 THE HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Headquarters, The Tribune Building, 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 November 27, 1909. 
 His Majesty, Wilhelm H, German Emperor, King of Prussia: 
 
 Your Majesty. — In behalf of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission 
 of the State of New York, the undersigned Executive Officers have the honor 
 to present to the Government of the German Empire an Official Gold Medal 
 struck by the Commission in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the 
 discovery of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson in 1609 and the looth anni- 
 versary of the successful inauguration of steam navigation upon that river by 
 Robert Fulton in 1807. 
 
 We beg you to accept this medal and to cause it to be placed in the archives 
 of your Government as a memento of the two events commemorated, one of 
 which led to the coming of European civilization to what is now the State of 
 New York, and the other of which has promoted the commerce and mutual 
 intercourse of all Nations. 
 
 We also ask you to accept it as a token of friendship and an evidence of our 
 sincere appreciation of the generous participation of the German Government 
 in our festival. 
 
 We thank your Majesty for the sympathy and good will manifested by 
 yourself and your Nation in the presence of your distinguished delegate 
 Grossadmiral von Koester, your superb naval vessels Viktoria Luise, Hertha, 
 and Bremen, with their officers and crews, and your Diplomatic and Consular 
 representatives at our Celebration. And we are particularly grateful to Your 
 
Presentation of Medals to Governments 1 121 
 
 Majesty for the message of friendship which was delivered by Grossadmiral To the 
 von Koester, and which we heartily reciprocate. Emperor 
 
 The ties which unite our two nations are deep-rooted and of long standing. „ nnanv 
 We cannot forget that while our tongues speak another language, our blood 
 comes ultimately from that great Germanic fount which has fertilized so vast 
 a field of the world's civilization. In many ways, by more direct transfusion, 
 we have been strengthened from the same source. From the days of our infant 
 colonies when the sturdy German emigrants settled in peaceful industry upon 
 the banks of the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers; through our struggle for National 
 Independence in which our Washington had the invaluable help of Frederick 
 the Great's aide-de-camp. Baron von Steuben; down to the present time when 
 about one-fourth of the population of New York City is of German nativity 
 or parentage, our debt to your people has steadily increased. With a popula- 
 tion so varied as ours, we may truly say that our State, as well as our nation, 
 has many Fatherlands, among which the German Fatherland will always be 
 cherished warmlv in our affection and will always hold a high place in our 
 respect. 
 
 We trust that these sentiments of our mutuai esteem so highly prized by us 
 will continue, and grow stronger if possible in the years to come, and we indulge 
 the hope that not only between Germany and the United States, but also between 
 all the Governments whose fleets honored us so conspicuously by their presence 
 at our festival, the memories of that friendly gathering may strengthen all 
 international ties and promote the fraternity of all Nations. 
 
 With renewed thanks for the distinguished consideration shown by Your 
 Majesty's Government to our State and City, we have the honor to remain 
 with great respect. 
 
 Your Majestj's faithful friends. 
 
 The foregoing address bore the seal of the Commission and 
 the same eighteen signatures as are given on page 1119. 
 
 The Emperor read his answer in English. He e.xpressed Emperor 
 great pleasure at receiving the medal and the address to His j^gpiy 
 Majesty over the signatures of the officers of the Commission. 
 He begged the President to convey to his associates his warmest 
 thanks and to say that the medal was accepted as a memento 
 of two memorable events of the greatest importance in the 
 development of New York City and the United States as a 
 whole. He said that he had heard with great satisfaction 
 71 
 
122 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Emperor from Grossadmiral von Koester how well the German vessels 
 
 Reply ^^^ been received by the Commission and the American people. 
 
 Their officers and men had returned filled with gratification 
 
 at their reception in New York and praising American 
 
 hospitality. Continuing, he said: 
 
 "I sincerely hope that the Hudson-Fulton Celebration has formed a new 
 link in the chain uniting our two kindred nations, which already are bound 
 together by so many strong ties." 
 
 General At the conclusion of his formal expressions the Emperor 
 Wood- ^ 
 
 ford 
 
 addressed General Woodford personally, saying that he was 
 Deco- glad to see him in Germany and to make his acquaintance 
 ^^^^ after he had read and heard how well he had fulfilled the 
 
 arduous and honorable task imposed upon him in connection 
 with the Celebration. He then conferred upon the General 
 the Crown Order of the First Class. 
 
 After these formalities, the Kaiser talked with General 
 
 Woodford and Ambassador Hill for about three-quarters of an 
 
 hour, and further manifested his cordiality by having the 
 
 President bidden to the service in the Royal Chapel and to the 
 
 great breakfast in the White Saal at the Ordenfest, and receiving 
 
 him at Court. 
 
 Imperial Simultaneously with the courtesies to General Woodford, 
 
 for Mr ^^ Emperor also gave evidence of his high regard for Mr. 
 
 Bidder Herman Ridder, the Acting President of the Commission, by 
 
 sending to him, through the German Consul-General in New 
 
 York City, with his signature, a large framed oil portrait of 
 
 himself by the great Hungarian portrait painter Philipp Laszlo. 
 
 Mr. Ridder was advised of this mark of imperial favor in the 
 
 following letter: 
 
 IMPERIAL GERMAN CONSULATE, 
 
 New York. 
 
 January 12, 1910. 
 My Dear Mr. Ridder. — It gives me great pleasure to notify you that His 
 Majesty, The Emperor and King, has been good enough to present you with his 
 
Presentation of Medals to Governments 1 1 23 
 
 portrait as a token of his esteem for services rendered during the Hudson- 
 Fulton Memorial. As soon as the picture arrives I shall notify you. 
 
 Expressing my sincerest congratulations for this distinction I have the 
 honor to remain 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 R. Franksen, 
 
 Imperial Consul-General. 
 
 On Tuesday, March i, 1910, General Woodford made the To the 
 presentation to the President of the French Republic at Paris, of ^anee 
 The address was as follows: 
 
 THE HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Headquarters, The Tribune Building, 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 November 27, 1909. 
 His Excellency, Armand Fallieres, President of the French Repuhlic: 
 
 Your Excellency. — In behalf of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Com- 
 mission of the State of New York, the undersigned Executive Officers have the 
 honor to present to the Government of the French Republic an Official Gold 
 Medal struck by the Commission in commemoration of the 300th anniversary 
 of the exploration of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson in 1609 and the looth 
 anniversary of the successful inauguration of steam navigation upon that 
 river by Robert Fulton in 1807. 
 
 May we ask you to accept this medal and place it in the archives of your 
 Government, not only as a memento of the events celebrated, but also as a 
 token of our friendship for our sister Republic and a mark of our appreciation 
 of the generous participation of your Government in our festivities. 
 
 Permit us upon this occasion to offer to you, Mr. President, to your Govern- 
 ment and to the people of France, our sincere thanks for the honor shown to 
 us by the assistance of your distinguished delegate, M. Jean Gaston Darboux, 
 your warships Justice, Liberte and Verite, under command of Contre-Amiral 
 Le Pord, and your Diplomatic and Consular representatives at our Celebration; 
 and particularly for the messages of good will, of which they were the bearers. 
 The kindly sentiments expressed by them found lodgment in hearts which 
 still glow with gratitude at the memory of the generous ardor which in the days 
 of our nation's infancy gave to our Washington the companionship of your 
 Lafayette; of the chivalrous treaty of alliance which brought us the inestimable 
 aid of your Army under Rochambeau and your Navy under De Grasse in win- 
 
1 1 24 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 To the ning our political independence; of the far-sighted wisdom of your Napoleon, 
 * which made practicable the enlargement of our domain by the acquisition of 
 
 Louisiana, and of many other evidences of the helpful sympathy of France 
 which have made the United States her debtor. 
 
 In the commemoration of the exploration of our river by Henry Hudson, 
 we have not been unmindful of that earlier voyage of Verrazzano who brought 
 the flag of France to the waters of our harbor in 1524, nor of the voyage of that 
 other great explorer Champlain, who, contemporaneously with Hudson's 
 voyage in 1609, entered our territory by way of the beautiful lake which bears 
 his honored name. Nor have we forgotten, in the commemoration of Fulton's 
 inventions, that the waters of the Seine witnessed his earliest practical experi- 
 ments in steam navigation which found their commercial development upon 
 the Hudson. 
 
 In the contemplation not only of the ties by which destiny has so closely 
 knit our two peoples together, but also of the marvelous development of the 
 science of navigation which has brought all Nations together in more intimate 
 intercourse than ever before, we cannot fail to be impressed with the fact that 
 in the universal society of Nations as in the more restricted society of a single 
 Nation, no individual lives unto himself alone, but that, in our modern civiliza- 
 tion, national influences, like personal influences, are reciprocal; and national 
 responsibilities, like personal responsibilities, are mutual. 
 
 We venture to hope that the fraternal gathering of the nations at our festival 
 in commemoration of achievements in navigation may symbolize the growing 
 fraternity of all peoples, and that the bonds of friendship which so happily 
 subsist between our two beloved Republics, may continue forever unbroken, 
 an example of the universal brotherhood of all Nations. 
 
 " Accept for yourself, Mr. President, for your Government and your people, 
 the assurances of our warmest friendship and highest respect, and believe us 
 to be 
 
 Your faithful friends. 
 
 The address bore the seal of the Commission and the eighteen 
 signatures mentioned on page 11 19. 
 
 President FalHeres was very gracious and not only expressed 
 
 his cordiality verbally, but also extended to General Woodford 
 
 the courtesy of the Presidential Box at the Grand Opera. 
 
 T<» the On Monday, April 25, 1910, the medal and accompanying 
 
 Italy ° address to the Italian Government were presented to the King of 
 
 Italy at Rome. The address was as follows: 
 
Presentation of Medals to Governments 1 1 25 
 
 THE HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. To the 
 
 King of 
 
 Headquarters, The Tribune Building, Italy 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 November 27, 1909. 
 His Majesty, Vittorio Emanuele HI, King of Italy: 
 
 Your Majesty. — In behalf of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission 
 of the State of New York, the undersigned Executive Officers have the honor 
 to present to the Government of Italy an Official Gold Medal struck by the 
 Commission in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the exploration 
 of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson in 1609 and the looth anniversary of 
 the successful inauguration of steam navigation upon that river by Robert 
 Fulton in 1807. 
 
 We pray you to accept this medal and to cause it to be placed in the archives 
 of your Government, not only as a souvenir of the ceremonies which were held 
 from September 25 to October 9, 1909, in memory of the founding of our 
 City and State and the development of our commerce, but also as an evidence 
 of our appreciation of the generous participation of your Government in our 
 festival. 
 
 We were highly honored by the presence of your eminent delegate, Vice- 
 Admiral Alfonso di Brocchetti, your naval vessels Etna and Etruria, and your 
 Diplomatic and Consular representatives; and we were particularly gratified 
 by the friendly messages communicated to us on behalf of your people. For 
 these testimonies of your sympathetic interest, we offer you our sincere thanks 
 and assure you that the friendly sentiments of the Government of Italy are 
 heartily reciprocated by our own people. 
 
 The participation of your Government in our festivities fulfilled our con- 
 fident expectation of the interest which Italy — the seat of the Eternal City, 
 the radiant point of a great civilization before America was known, and the 
 birthplace of great navigators — would take in the commemoration of an 
 important exploration and a valuable invention for the promotion of naviga- 
 tion; for we cannot forget that Marco Polo, whose discoveries in the Orient 
 stimulated the later voyages to the Occident, was an Italian; nor are we unmind- 
 ful of the fact that Italy gave to Spain Columbus who discovered America; 
 to England Cabot who explored our continental borders, and to France Ver- 
 razzano who first revealed our harbor to the Old World. For what Italy has 
 done in bringing European civilization to these shores, and for what she has 
 given of her ancient culture toward the intellectual development of our people, 
 the United States owe her an inestimable debt. 
 
 In gratefully acknowledging this ancient obligation to your country, we 
 are also happy in the knowledge of the many personal bonds which unite us 
 
1 1 26 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 To the to-day. In the large number of Italians who have come to our hospitable 
 ing of shores to make their homes; in the pilgrimages of the many Americans who 
 continually go to Italy to visit your shrines of art or to derive benefit from your 
 sunny clime; in the material relations of our reciprocal commerce; and in the 
 spiritual relations which connect a large number of our people with their religious 
 head in Rome, we have mutual ties which are among the strongest that can 
 bind one people to another. 
 
 " In repeating to Your Majesty our appreciation of Italy's participation in 
 our festival, permit us again to assure you of our sincere respect and esteem. 
 
 Faithfully your friends. 
 
 K^'°g; This address bore the seal of the Commission and the same 
 
 uele's signatures as the other addresses to heads of governments. The 
 Reply King was very cordial and conversed with General Woodford 
 in the most affable manner. He expressed admiration for the 
 medal and noted its fine points and excellent workmanship 
 with the knowledge of an expert. He said it would form an 
 important addition to his collection of such articles. He also 
 expressed great pleasure at the accompanying engrossed 
 message. The conversation then turned upon different topics. 
 Referring to New York, the King said he considered it the 
 second largest Italian city in the world. 
 
 The King further signified his pleasure by sending through 
 his Ambassador at Washington the following message: 
 
 REGIA AMBASCIATA d'ITALIA 
 
 No. 863. 
 
 Washington, May z^th, 19 10. 
 Honorable Executive Officers of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 Committee of the State of New York, 
 The Tribune Building, 
 
 New York: 
 Gentlemen. — On the 25th of April, General Stewart L. Woodford, President 
 of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Committee of the State of New York, pre- 
 sented to His Majesty the King, together with a very courteous address, a 
 handsome gold medal especially coined by your Committee for commemorating 
 the three hundredth anniversary of the discovery of the Hudson and of the 
 hundredth anniversary of the application of steam navigation, inaugurated by 
 Robert Fulton, along that river. 
 
Presentation of Medals to Governments 1 127 
 
 His Majesty greatly appreciated the gift and personally made known to King 
 General Woodford his sincere appreciation thereof. man- 
 
 However, His Majesty is desirous that his expressions of thanks and of jjg_i_ 
 appreciation be renewed to your honorable Committee which so ably conducted 
 the Celebrations commemorating those two historical events, and I have been 
 accordingly instructed to fulfill this very agreeable charge. 
 
 I avail myself with much pleasure of this opportunity to offer to you the 
 assurances of my very distinguished consideration. 
 
 MONTAGLIARI, 
 
 Italian Charge d' Affaires. 
 
 The medal and address to the Government of the Republic ^o 'f^^ 
 of Me.xico were kindly transmitted by the United States Depart- ofjugjieo 
 ment of State to the American Embassy in the City of Mexico 
 and were delivered to President Diaz at the National Palace 
 by the Hon. James G. Bailey, Charge d' Affaires, on Wednesday 
 January 26, 1910. The President of the Repubhc, in accepting 
 them, requested Mr. Bailey to convey to this Commission, 
 through the State Department, his deep appreciation and that 
 of his Government and the people in general at being made the 
 recipient of this honor. Mr. Bailey w^as accompanied on his 
 visit to the President by the Hon. Federico Gamboa, Sub- 
 Secretary for Foreign Affairs. The message accompanying 
 the medal was as follows: 
 
 THE HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Headquarters, The Tribune Building, 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 November 27, 1909. 
 
 His Excellency, General Porfirio Diaz, President of the United Mexican 
 States: 
 Your Excellency. — In behalf of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Com- 
 mission of the State of New York, the undersigned Executive Officers have the 
 honor to present to the Government of Mexico an Official Gold Medal struck 
 by the Commission in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the discovery 
 of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson in 1609 and the 100th anniversary of 
 the successful inauguration of steam navigation upon that river by Robert 
 Fulton in 1807. 
 
128 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 To the We beg you to accept this medal and to cause it to be deposited in the archives 
 
 resident Qf y^yj Government, not only as a souvenir of the Celebration itself and a 
 
 reminder ofthe events commemorated, but also as a token of our friendship and 
 
 our sincere appreciation ofthe great honor which your Republic conferred upon 
 
 us by taking part in our festival. 
 
 The presence of your distinguished delegates, Senor Don Carlos Pereyra and 
 Captain Manuel E. Izaguirre, your warship Morelos with its officers and crew, 
 and your Diplomatic and Consular representatives was a gratifying testimony 
 ofthe sympathy and interest of our great sister Republic. For these evidences 
 of your friendship, and particularly for the messages of good will brought to 
 us by Senor Pereyra, we give you our most cordial thanks, and assure you that 
 the sentiments thus expressed are heartily reciprocated. 
 
 In commemorating the great voyage of exploration which brought the civili- 
 zation ofthe Old World to the region which now forms our State we have not 
 been forgetful of the earlier advent of European culture in the golden land of 
 the Montezumas nor of the great influence which the discovery and settlement 
 of Mexico had upon the later voyages which resulted in the settlement of our 
 own country. And in the celebration of the great invention of steam naviga- 
 tion, we have rejoiced in the knowledge that all Nations have partaken of its 
 benefits and that all have been drawn closer together thereby. 
 
 In the growing fraternity of the peoples of the world so expressively sym- 
 bolized in their friendly union in our festivities, one of the greatest sources of 
 gratification to us is the feeling of good will which so happily exists between 
 our two Republics. By Nature, which has placed our nations in such intimate 
 physical relations, by the arts of man which have developed our commercial 
 intercourse by land and by sea, and by those sentiments of mutual interest 
 which propinquity so powerfully fosters, the destinies of our two countries have 
 been joined in such a manner that one cannot be indifferent to or unaffected 
 by the welfare of the other. 
 
 In sending to you this testimonial of respect and good will from the "Empire 
 State" ofthe Union and from the Metropolis ofthe New World, permit us to 
 express the hope that the bonds of concord which unite our peoples may con- 
 tinue and grow in strength as the centuries come, and that our friendship may 
 be both an example and an influence to promote the peace and happiness of 
 the world. 
 
 Be pleased, Mr. President, to accept for yourself, the officials of your 
 Government and the people of your Republic, the renewed assurances of our 
 high esteem and our hearty appreciation of your generous participation in our 
 Celebration, and believe us to be 
 
 Your sincere friends. 
 
Presentation of Medals to Governments 1 1 29 
 
 The address bore the seal of the Commission and the eighteen 
 signatures mentioned on page 1119. 
 
 Under date of March 16, 1910, the Secretary of State trans- P^esi- 
 mitted to this Commission the original letter of President Diaz Diaz's 
 making further acknowledgment of the medal and the fol- Reply 
 lowing translation: 
 
 Mexico, January 27, 1910. 
 
 Sir.— Mr. James G. Bailey, Charge d'Affaires ad Interim of the United 
 States of America in Mexico, yesterday morning placed in my hands your kind 
 letter dated the 27th of November of last year, as well as the gold medal which 
 v/as struck especially to commemorate the Third Centenary of the discovery 
 of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson in 1609, and the First Anniversary of 
 the happy inauguration of steam navigation in the waters of the said river by 
 Robert Fulton in 1S07. 
 
 I have already expressed to the Charge d'Affaires of the United States of 
 America that which I am pleased to repeat to you, as follows: That I accept 
 with especial appreciation said medal, which I have requested to be carefully 
 kept by the Government of the Republic in a visible and adequate place; 
 which medal I also consider to be a souvenir of the memorable celebration 
 previously mentioned as well as an expression of your friendship and of your 
 appreciation of seeing that the Republic of Mexico was represented in said 
 commemoration; as by this last act I desired to express, once again, the admira- 
 tion which the people and the Government of Mexico entertain for the notable 
 happenings which the United States of America treasures in its prestiged history 
 of a large and progressive country. 
 
 In my turn it is also very gratifying to ask you, Mr. President, to accept 
 for yourself, and to extend to the other subscribers of the letter which I have 
 the honor to answer, the sentiments of true consideration with which I have the 
 pleasure to subscribe myself. 
 
 Sincerely your friend, 
 
 PoRFiRio Diaz. 
 Mr. Stewart L. Woodford, President, Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commis- 
 niissicn. New York. 
 
 The medal and address to the Government of the Argentine To the 
 Republic were transmitted through the courtesy of the United President 
 States Department of State to the American Legation in tina 
 Buenos Aires and were presented by the Hon. C. H. Sherrill, 
 
130 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 To the the American Envoy, to the President of the Republic on 
 o/^' g°' Thursday, March 3, 1910. The address was as follows: 
 tiaa 
 
 THE HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Headquarters, The Tribune Building, 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 November 27, 1909. 
 His Excellency, Jose Figuerao Alcorta, President of the Argentine Republic: 
 
 Your Excellency. — To the undersigned Executive Officers of the Hudson- 
 Fulton Celebration Commission of the State of New York, has been committed 
 the agreeable duty of transmitting to you for the Government of the Argentine 
 Republic an Official Gold Medal struck by the Commission in commemoration 
 of the 300th anniversary of the discovery of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson 
 in 1609 and the looth anniversary of the successful inauguration of steam naviga- 
 tion upon that river by Robert Fulton in 1807. 
 
 May we ask you, Mr. President, to accept this medal and to cause it to 
 be placed in the archives of your Government, as a souvenir of the Celebration 
 in which the Argentine Republic gave us the great pleasure of taking part, 
 and as a token of the cordial friendship of the people of this State for yours. 
 
 The presence of your distinguished delegate Senor Don Julio Carrie, your 
 warship bearing the honored name of your celebrated General and President 
 Sarmiento, and your Diplomatic and Consular representatives was a gratifying 
 evidence of your friendly interest. For this generous testimonial of good will, 
 and particularly for the kind sentiments expressed to us on behalf of your 
 Government, we beg you to accept our sincere thanks and assurances that they 
 are heartily reciprocated. 
 
 Permit us also to felicitate you upon the significant naval representation 
 of Argentina at our festival. Of all the vessels composing the notable inter- 
 national fleet gathered in our waters from September 25 to October 9, your 
 warship, the sole naval representative from South America, which traveled 
 6,600 miles from Buenos Aires to New York, came the longest distance from 
 home to attend our Celebration. This voyage not only illustrated the vast 
 progress in navigation during the past century and the value of steam propulsion 
 in bringing together people from distant parts of the earth, but it also afforded 
 a striking illustration of the enterprising and progressive spirit of your Republic, 
 upon which we oflTer you our hearty congratulations. 
 
 In renewing to you our cordial thanks for the generous participation of your 
 Government in the commemoration of the founding of our State and City, we 
 express the hope that the friendship between our two Republics may con- 
 
Presentation of Medals to Governments 1 131 
 
 tinue and grow stronger, and that the intercourse between our peoples may 
 become more intimate with the lapse of time. 
 
 With cordial wishes for the welfare of your Government and the peace 
 and prosperity of your people, we have the honor to subscribe ourselves, 
 
 Your faithful friends. 
 
 The letter bore the seal of the Commission and the same 
 signatures as the others to the heads of governments. 
 
 President Alcorta expressed his warm appreciation of both President 
 the medal and the letter and was particularly interested in the Reply 
 signatures subscribed to the latter. He requested Mr. Sherrill 
 to convey through the State Department to the Hudson-Fulton 
 Celebration Commission the warm thanks of his Government 
 and himself and his gratification that the friendly act of the 
 Argentine Government in sending the Presidente Sarmiento 
 to take part in the Celebration had been received in such a 
 spirit of friendly appreciation by the Commission. Later, in 
 the following letter, the President formally acknowledged the 
 receipt of the testimonials: 
 
 Buenos Aires, March 23, 19 10. 
 Messrs. Stewart L. Woofoord, Andrew Carnegie, and all the other members 
 of the Commission "Centennial Hudson-Fulton." 
 
 Sirs. — With the greatest pleasure I received from H. E. the Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary of the United States, Mr. Charles H. Sherrill, the gold medal that 
 the Hon. Commission has dedicated to the Argentine Government, as a memorial 
 of the Centennial Hudson-Fulton, where this Republic was represented, as a 
 pledge of the cordial friendship, which so happily exists between both peoples. 
 
 I want to show my gratitude to the honorable members of the Commission 
 for such a significant and agreeable memorial as well as the manifestations 
 of friendship accompanying it. 
 
 The Argentine Republic which, bound by so many moral ties, especially 
 of institutional order, is attracted by the sympathy of that exemplary people in 
 the initiations and energy in the work of civilization, has contributed in the 
 expression of the homage of cordiality and admiration towards the United 
 States, in the commemoration of the discovery of the great river and of its 
 steam navigation, which raises Fulton to the quality of a benefactor of humanity, 
 whose relations of fraternity and progress have been founded upon the rapid 
 exchanges, facilitated by his prodigious invention. 
 
1 132 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 President In thanking you once more for these gracious demonstrations, as well as 
 cor a s fp^ jjjg ^jjjgj yjj^ j^^yg formulated for the Argentine nation and people, and in 
 formulating myself the same votes for the friendship between both peoples, 
 and for the strengthening of its reciprocal social relations that may become 
 more close and cordial, I avail myself of that occasion to present you, dear sirs, 
 the assurances of my highest consideration. 
 
 J. FiGUERAO AlCORTA. 
 
 To the Owing to the death of King Edward VII of Great Britain, 
 
 King of ji^g presentation of the medal and address to that Government 
 Britain was delayed, but since the date of this report, and while it is 
 in the printer's hands, we are advised that General Woodford 
 presented them to King George V at Marlborough House, 
 London, on Thursday, June 30, 1910. As this was the last 
 formal function of the Commission, we avail ourselves of the 
 interval before printing to insert the following details and thus 
 complete the account: 
 
 The address accompanying the medal, prepared before the 
 death of Edward VII, reads as follows: 
 
 THE HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Headquarters, The Tribune Building, 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 November 27, 1909. 
 
 His Majesty, Edward VH, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and 
 
 Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Emperor of 
 
 India. 
 
 Your Majesty. — In behalf of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission 
 
 of the State of New York, the undersigned Executive Officers have the honor 
 
 to present to the Government of Great Britian an Official Gold Medal struck by 
 
 the Commission in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the discovery 
 
 of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson in i6og, and the looth anniversary 
 
 of the successful inauguration of steam navigation upon that river by Robert 
 
 Fulton in 1807. 
 
Presentation of Medals to Governments 1 133 
 
 We beg you to accept this medal and to place it in the archives of your To the 
 Government, not only as a memento of the two events commemorated, but also 5 
 as a token of friendship and an evidence of our sincere appreciation of the gj^jj^ 
 generous participation of your Government in our festival. 
 
 For the good will so manifestly shown by your Majesty in the presence 
 of your distinguished delegate Admiral of the Fleet, Sir Edward Seymour, 
 your great warships the Inflexible, Drake, Argyll, and Duke of Edinburgh, 
 with their officers and men, and your Diplomatic and Consular representatives, 
 we extend to Your Majesty our sincerest thanks. And we particularly thank 
 Your Majesty for the friendly greetings brought in behalf of yourself, your 
 Government and your people, which we most cordially reciprocate. 
 
 The Celebration, in which your Nation honored us by taking so conspicuous 
 a part, contained much to remind us of our past debt to Great Britain, and to 
 strengthen the bonds existing between us. In the courage and skill of the 
 great English navigator who first explored the river which perpetuates his 
 name and opened this territory to civilization, we were reminded of the indom- 
 itable spirit of the English sea-kings who laid the foundation of Great Britain's 
 sea power and opened the way for the permanent planting of Anglo-Saxon 
 civilization in the New World at Jamestown two years before Hudson's voyage. 
 In the achievement of Robert Fulton, a man of Irish parentage, whose steam- 
 boat the Clermont was propelled by an engine built by English manufacturers 
 in Birmingham, working upon a principle discovered by the Scotch inventor 
 Watt, we were reminded of our many-sided indebtedness to Great Britain 
 for the development of an invention which has promoted the commerce 
 of all Nations and conduced so largely to the happiness and prosperity of 
 mankind. 
 
 In the historical retrospect to which our Celebration naturally led, we have 
 recalled our obligation to Great Britain for the fostering care with which she 
 cherished the young plant of colonial life first set in the soil of our present 
 State by the Dutch, grafting it with her own stock and nourishing it with her 
 own blood; and we have been reminded of our debt to our English Motherland 
 for the impress made upon our life and character by a centurv of her nurture. 
 In all the thoughts which have come to us at this time, nothing has been a source 
 of greater pride than the memory of our great Anglo-Saxon heritage of blood, 
 language and institutions, and nothing has been a cause of greater happiness 
 than the knowledge of the indissolubility of the bonds of true affection between 
 your people and ours, which have withstood the vicissitudes of political change 
 and which still maintain the unity at heart of the English-speaking race. 
 
 May we indulge the hope that as your great navigator and our great inventor 
 represent the genius which has conquered the wilderness of the sea and brought 
 all nations together in more intimate intercourse, so our two countries may 
 
1 134 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 To the cooperate as one people in promoting those amenities between all nations which 
 
 King or gjjjji conduce to the peace and happiness of the whole world. 
 
 g . . Again thanking Your Majesty for the distinguished consideration which 
 
 you have shown to those whom we have the honor to represent, we remain, 
 
 with great respect. 
 
 Your Majesty's faithful friends. 
 
 The letter bore the seal of the Commission and was signed 
 by the President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Secretary and 
 Assistant Secretary of the Commission like the other addresses. 
 General Woodford was accompanied to Marlborough House 
 by Ambassador Reid and they were received by the King very 
 promptly. Three men were waiting in attendance, and by 
 a pleasant coincidence one was the British Ambassador to 
 Holland, who was present at The Hague at the function when 
 General Woodford was received by Queen Wilhelmina and 
 presented the first of the European medals. 
 King The King was as courteous, kind and cordial as possible, 
 
 ^eorge s ^^ j seemed deeply touched at receiving the medal sent to his 
 Government and the address prepared for his father. He spoke 
 most kindly of the reception given to the British ships and to 
 Admiral Seymour; remarked that being a sailor himself he had 
 been very much interested in the naval display at New York, 
 and spoke in the highest terms of Admiral Seymour. The 
 interview lasted about half an hour. The King then handed 
 to General Woodford the following reply to the Commission's 
 address: 
 
 General. — It is with feelings of deep emotion that I receive this address 
 from you and the Executive Officers of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Com- 
 mission of the State of New York, for its words were chosen to be addressed 
 to my dear father, who, together with his Government, had so cordially asso- 
 ciated himself with the festival for the commemoration of the 300th anni- 
 versary of the discovery of the Hudson River and the looth anniversary 
 of the inauguration of steam navigation upon that river. 
 
 I sincerely thank you for the friendly sentiments contained in your address 
 and also for the official gold medal struck by the Commission as a memento of 
 
Presentation of Medals to Governments 1 135 
 
 the two events commemorated, and I know that it will be prized by the Govern- King 
 ment of this country as a memento of the festival and as an evidence of that George s 
 friendship and hospitality which were so warmly extended towards those who 
 represented the Government on that occasion. 
 
 I most heartily join in the hope expressed by you and the signatories to the 
 address that our two countries may ever work together in the promotion of 
 everything that is conducive to the peace and happiness of the whole world. 
 
 In reporting the conclusion of his delicate and responsible Foreign 
 foreign mission, General Woodford wrote, before his return to ^^^^^ 
 America: 
 
 "Everybody on this side appreciates and honors our great City 
 and State. There has not been a personal note in any kindness 
 shovrn me, but always and everywhere the cordial desire to shov? 
 honor to New York and the friendliest appreciation of the manner 
 in which New York welcomed and took care of her guests at our 
 marvelous Birthday Festival. " 
 
CHAPTER LXII 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION 
 
 Officers ' I 'HE officers of the Commission at the date of this report 
 
 Commis- 1 are as follows: 
 
 w>n President, Gen. Stewart L. Woodford. 
 
 Acting-President, Mr. Herman Ridder, or, in his absence. 
 Gen. James Grant Wilson. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, Mr. Andrew Carnegie, Hon. Joseph H. 
 Choate, Maj.-Gen. F. D. Grant, U. S. A.; Hon. Seth Low, 
 Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan, Hon. Levi P. Morton, Hon. Morgan 
 J. O'Brien, Hon. Alton B. Parker, Mr. John E. Parsons, Gen. 
 Horace Porter, Mr. Herman Ridder, Hon. Frederick W- 
 Seward, Mr. Francis Lynde Stetson, Hon. Oscar S. Straus, 
 Gen. James Grant Wilson. 
 
 Treasurer, Mr. Isaac N. Seligman, No. i William street, 
 New York. 
 
 Secretary, Col. Henry W. Sackett, Tribune Building, New 
 York. 
 
 Assistant Secretary, Mr. Edward Hagaman Hall, Tribune 
 Building, New York. 
 List of Following is a complete list of members of the Hudson Ter- 
 
 centenary Joint Committee and of the Hudson-Fulton Cele- 
 bration Commission since organization. Names marked * 
 are those of members who have died. Names marked f are 
 those of members who have declined their appointments or 
 resigned. Names marked X are those of Mayors of cities or 
 Presidents of villages who held membership by virtue of their 
 offices and who have been superseded. All other names are 
 tliose of members at the date of this report. The names of 
 Trustees are set in italics: 
 
 1136 
 
Members of the Commission 
 
 1137 
 
 Abraham Abraham. 
 William C. Acker. 
 Hon. James N. Adam.t 
 Edward D. Adams, LL.D. 
 Herbert Adams. 
 William P. Adams. 
 William A. Adriance. 
 Eon. John G. Agar. 
 Richard B. .Aldcroftt, Jr. 
 Alphonse H. Alker. 
 Hon. Jotham P. Allds. 
 Hon. Frederick H. Allen. 
 B. Airman. 
 Louis jlnnin Ames. 
 Hon. Charles W. Anderson. 
 Hon. Arthur L. Andrews. 
 Hon. John E. Andrus. 
 Hon. James K. Apgar. 
 John D. Archbold. 
 Charles H. .\rmatage. 
 Hon. James C. Armstrong. 
 John Aspegren. 
 Col. John Jacob Astor. 
 Mrs. Anson P. Atterbury. 
 Hon. D. S. Avery. 
 Gorham Bacon, M.D. 
 George F. Baer. 
 Frank N. Bain. 
 Col. Andrew D. Baird. 
 George F. Baker. 
 Hon. William H. Baker.t 
 Samuel Balcom. 
 Rufus C. Baldwin. 
 George William Ballou. 
 Hon. Theodore M. Banta. 
 Edmond Barkley. 
 
 Richard S. Barrett. 
 
 Eon. John C. Barry. 
 
 Col. Franklin Bartlett.* 
 
 George C. Batcheller, LL.D. 
 
 George W. Batten. 
 
 Charles A. Baudouine. 
 
 Constr. Wm. J. Ba.rter, U. S. N. 
 
 James C. B.iyles, Ph. D. 
 
 Hon. James M. Beck. 
 
 E. T. Bedford.f 
 
 * Deceased. -j- Declined or resigned. 
 72 
 
 Hon. F. Beebe.t 
 
 August Belmont. 
 
 Hon. M. S. Beltzhoover. 
 
 Russell Benedict. 
 
 Marcus Benjamin, Ph.D., ScD. 
 
 Hon. WilUam S. Bennet. 
 
 Hon. Frank E. Bennett, t 
 
 James Gordon Bennett. 
 
 Tunis G. Bergen. 
 
 Hon. William Berri. 
 
 WilUam G. Besler. 
 
 Hon. John Bigelow. 
 
 Cornelius K. G. Billings. 
 
 Gen. Theodore A. Bingham.f 
 
 Hon. Frank S. Black. 
 
 C. Ledyard Blair. 
 
 Hon. Cornelius N. Bliss.f 
 
 Hon. E. W. Bloomingdale. 
 
 Emii L. Boas. 
 
 Henry L. Bogert. 
 
 Daniel G. Boissevain. 
 
 G. Louis Boissevain. 
 
 George C. Boldt. 
 
 Reginald Pelham Bolton. 
 
 Hon. David A. Boody. 
 
 M. C. D. Borden. 
 
 Eon. Wesley M. Borst. 
 
 Hon. A. J. Boulton. 
 
 Frederick G. Bourne. 
 
 Alexander F. Bouvet. 
 
 George S. Bowdoin. 
 
 Hon. Henry W. Bowes. 
 
 Hon. Horace W. Boyd.t 
 
 Hon. Thomas W. Bradley. 
 
 Hon. John J. Brady. 
 
 John Brand. 
 
 Charles Brewster. 
 
 Com. Herbert L. Bridgman. 
 
 Hon. Waiiam T. Briggs. 
 
 George V. Brower. 
 
 William L. Brower. 
 
 E. Parmly Brown, D.D.S. 
 
 Hon. George L. Brown. 
 
 Hon. George W. Brown. 
 
 L. H. Brown. 
 
 Vernon H. Brown. 
 
 William C. Brown. 
 
 Trustees in italics. 
 
1138 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. M. Linn Bruce. 
 
 Edward P. Bryan. 
 
 Hon. William P. Bugbee. 
 
 Charles N. Bulger. 
 
 William L. Bull. 
 
 Hon. D. A. Bullard.t 
 
 Henry P. Burgard. 
 
 Hon. John H. Burke. 
 
 Cornelius F. Burns. 
 
 Hon. J. Irving Burns. 
 
 Hon. Clifford N. Bush. 
 
 Henry K. Bush-Brown. 
 
 Hon. E. H. Butler. 
 
 Nicholas IVIurray Butler, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D. 
 
 Hon. J. Rider Cady. 
 
 John F. Calder. 
 
 Hon. James H. Callanan. 
 
 William M. Cameron. 
 
 Henry W. Cannon. 
 
 Hon. Jacob A. Cantor. 
 
 Herbert Carl. 
 
 Hon. George H. Carley. 
 
 Hon, Samuel A. Carlson, 
 
 Hon. Thomas Carmody. 
 
 Andrew Carnegie. 
 
 Gen. Howard Carroll. 
 
 Prof. J. McKeen Cattell. 
 
 John J. Cavanagh. 
 
 Hon. Robert W. Chanler. 
 
 Carlton T. Chapman. 
 
 Samuel S. Childs. 
 
 William Childs, Jr. 
 
 Hon. Joseph H. Choate. 
 
 Hon. Philip J. Christ. 
 
 John Claflin. 
 
 Robert S. Clark. 
 
 Hon. William W. Clark. 
 
 Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke. 
 
 John L. Clarke. 
 
 Hon. J. H. Clarkson. 
 
 Hon. George C. Clausen. 
 
 Hon. A. T. Clearwater. 
 
 Hon. Grover Cleveland.* 
 
 Henry Clews. 
 
 Thomas Clyde.-f 
 
 Hon. Edward E. Coatsworth. 
 
 Alexander S. Cochran. 
 
 Rev. Edward B. Coe, D.D. 
 
 Charles A. Coffin. 
 
 Rear Admiral J. B. Coghlan, V. S. N." 
 
 Hon. Morris Cohn. 
 
 C. Glen Cole. 
 
 Frederick J. Collier. 
 
 Hon. Harry E. Colwell. 
 
 John M. Connelly. 
 
 Hon. Joseph H. Conners. 
 
 WiUiam J. Conners. 
 
 Hon. Seeley Conover. 
 
 Cesare Conti. 
 
 E. C. Converse. 
 
 E. C. Cook. 
 
 Walter Cook. 
 
 Robert Grier Cooke. 
 
 Hon. Charles »'. Cool. 
 
 Frank Cooper. 
 
 I. Seymour Copeland. 
 
 Charles F. Cossum. 
 
 Charles Cotton. 
 
 William Coverly. 
 
 Frederick Coykendall. 
 
 Hon. John H. Coyne. 
 
 Hon. W. P. Crane.i 
 
 Rev. Robert Fulton Crary, D.D. 
 
 Robert Fulton Crary, Jr. 
 
 Paul D. Cravath. 
 
 John B. Creighton. 
 
 Hon. John D. Crimniins. 
 
 Hon. George Cromwell. 
 
 Frederick R. Cruikshank. 
 
 Morris Cukor. 
 
 George A. CuUen. 
 
 E. D. Cummings. 
 
 Hon. James P. Cunningham. 
 
 William J. Curtis. 
 
 Robert Fulton Cutting. 
 
 Frederick B. Dalzell. 
 
 Hon. Timothy Dasey. 
 
 William J. Davidson. 
 
 Gen. Franclyn E. Davis. 
 
 Howland Shippen Davis. 
 
 Hon. Jacob H. Dealy.t 
 
 Hon. Robert W. de Forest. 
 
 Hon. Charies de Kay. 
 
 Hon. Eugene De Kleist.t 
 
 ►Deceased. -f Declined 
 
 t Superseded ei-officic 
 
 Trustees in italics. 
 
Members of the Commission 
 
 39 
 
 John Ross Delafield. 
 
 Joseph L. Delafield. 
 
 Lewis L. Delafield-t 
 
 James de la Montanye. 
 
 Elias S. A. de Lima. 
 
 William C. Demorest. 
 
 Hon. Chauncey M. Dcpew. 
 
 Hon. George S. Devine. 
 
 Edward DeWitt. 
 
 George G. DeWin. 
 
 Charles Dickey. 
 
 Hon. John Diemer. 
 
 Hon. John H. Diogman. 
 
 Hon. John A. Dix. 
 
 Cleveland H. Dodge. 
 
 Miss Grace H. Dodge.f 
 
 Philip T. Dodge. 
 
 A. W. Dodsworth. 
 
 L. F. Dommerich. 
 
 Henry H. Doremus. 
 
 Hon. Edward W. Douglas. 
 
 James Douglas, LL.D. 
 
 Hon, Anthony C. Douglass, 
 
 Hon. Reginald S. Doull. 
 
 Hon. Charles M. Dow. 
 
 Hon. Frank L. Dowling. 
 
 Hon. Robert F. Downing. 
 
 Hon. James H. Doylct 
 
 Hon. Andrew S. Draper, 
 
 Hon. William Draper. 
 
 Hon. John F. Dryden. 
 
 Capt. Charles .\. DuBois. 
 
 Hon. William J. Duffy. 
 
 Hon. John P. Dugan. 
 
 Hon. John Duignan. 
 
 WiUiam Butler Duncan, Sr. 
 
 Com. WiUiam Butler Duncan, Jr. 
 
 Hon. Charles C. Duryee. 
 
 John C. Eantes. 
 
 Hon. Fred. R. Easton. 
 
 Hon. Hiram H. Edgerton. 
 
 Thomas A. Edison. 
 
 George Ehret. 
 
 Henry L. Einstein. 
 
 Hon. Meyer Einstein.t 
 
 H. O. Elkins. 
 
 Hon. Charles A. Elliott. 
 
 Hon. F. A. Ellison, 
 
 Hon. Philip Elting. 
 
 James Elverson, Jr. 
 
 Matthew C. Ely. 
 
 Robert Erskine Ely. 
 
 Hon. Smith Ely. 
 
 John M. Emery. 
 
 Thomas Addis Emmet, M.D. 
 
 WiUiam Temple Emmet. 
 
 Hon. Arthur EngUsh. 
 
 Charles Ericsson. 
 
 Hon. C. M. Estell. 
 
 Hon. Alexander C. Eustace. 
 
 Col. Joseph E. Ewell. 
 
 Paul Faguet. 
 
 Samuel W. Fairchild. 
 
 Most Rev. John M. Farley. 
 
 Hon. William W. Farley. 
 
 WiUiam Famham. 
 
 Hon. J. Sloar Fassett. 
 
 James Faucett.f 
 
 Charles Edey Fay. 
 
 F. Feltman.-j- 
 
 Barr Ferree. 
 
 George A. Ferris. 
 
 Morris P. Ferris. 
 
 John H. Finley, Ph.D., LL.D. 
 
 Thomas W. Finucane. 
 
 Hon. Hamilton Fish.f 
 
 Sluyvesant Fi,sh. 
 
 Hon. Louis T. Fisk. 
 
 Hon. Ed-u,in W. Fiske. 
 
 Theodore Filch. 
 
 William E. Fitch, M.D. 
 
 Winchester Fitch. 
 
 Hod. James F. Fitzgerald.t 
 
 Hon. James J. Fitzgerald. 
 
 Hon. John Fifzgihbon. 
 
 Frederick S. Flower. 
 
 Hon. Gerald B. Fluhrer. 
 
 Hon. John T. Flynn.t 
 
 Hon. Patrick F. Flynn. 
 
 Hon. Alan C. Fobes.t 
 
 Hon. Peter C. Foley. 
 
 Hon. William Follette.t 
 
 Hon. Charles H. Ford. 
 
 Frederick De Peyster Foster.f 
 
 * Deceased. -f- Declined or resigned. + Superseded ei-offic 
 
 Trustees iu holies. 
 
1 140 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. Everett Fowler. 
 
 Hon. Joseph M. Fowler. 
 
 Thomas Powell Fowler. 
 
 Austen G. Fox. 
 
 Hon. William H. Fox. 
 
 Hon. Charles S. Francis. 
 
 Commander W. B. Franklin. 
 
 Hon. James J. Frawley. 
 
 Hon. James L. Freeborn.f 
 
 Hon. Lyman C. French-J 
 
 Henry Frey. 
 
 Henry C. Frick. 
 
 Hon. John Fridge. 
 
 Edward Friedlander. 
 
 Hon. Daniel D. Frishie. 
 
 Hon. C. A. Frost.J 
 
 Frank L. Frugone. 
 
 Lieut.-Commander A. B. Fry, 
 
 George Gardiner Fry. 
 
 Henry Fuehrer. 
 
 Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann. 
 
 E. P. Cans. 
 
 Frank S. Gardner. 
 
 Hon. Garret J. Garretson. 
 
 Hon. Elbert H. Gar)-. 
 
 Hon. Charles H. Gaus.* 
 
 Hon. William J. Gaynor. 
 
 Jacob Gerling. 
 
 Elbridge T. Gerry .f 
 
 Henry Ghourd.-J- 
 
 William Gibson. 
 
 Hon. Peter M. Giles. 
 
 Hon. Frederick Gillmore. 
 
 Hon. Theodore P. Gilman. 
 
 Adrian Gips. 
 
 Robert Walton Goelet. 
 
 Henry J. Goggin. 
 
 Rear Admiral C. F. Goodrich, U. S. N.f 
 
 Hon. William W. Goodrich.* 
 
 Elgin R. L. Gould, Ph.D. 
 
 George J. Gould. 
 
 Miss Helen M. Gould. f 
 
 Hon. Talcott W. Gould. 
 
 Major-General F. D. Gram, U. S. A. 
 
 Hon. William J. Grattan. 
 
 Hon. John Temple Graves. 
 
 Capt. Richard H. Greene. 
 
 Benedict J. Greenhut. 
 
 Rt. Rev. David H. Greer, D.D. 
 
 George F. Gregory. 
 
 Henry E. Gregory. 
 
 T. Greidanus. 
 
 Hon. John W. Griggs. 
 
 Wallace P. Groom. 
 
 Hon. John Gross. 
 
 Hon. Edward M. Grout. 
 
 W. L. GiUaudeu.* 
 
 Hon. J. H. Gunner. 
 
 Hon. John D. Gunther. 
 
 William F. Guriey. 
 
 Abner S. Haight. 
 
 Edward Hagaman Hall, L.H.D. 
 
 H. A. Hallett. 
 
 William N. Hallock. 
 
 Benjamin F. Hamilton. 
 
 Hon. John Hannon.J 
 
 Hon. M. D. Hanson. 
 
 Robert J. Harding. 
 
 Hon. Edward O. Harkness. 
 
 William B. Harper. 
 
 Edward H. Harriman.* 
 
 Hon. I. J. Harrington. 
 
 Hon. Abram Harrison. 
 
 W. R. Harrison. 
 
 William Hartfield. 
 
 Hon. H. S. Harvey. 
 
 Hon. Gilbert D. B. Hasbrouck. 
 
 Hon. John M. Hasbrouck. 
 
 Hon. Karl M. Haskins. 
 
 Hon. Eugene J. Hauralto. 
 
 William S. Hawk.f 
 
 Arthur H. Hearn. 
 
 George A. Hearn. 
 
 Thomas P. Hefferman. 
 
 Col. H. O. S. Heistand, U. S. A. 
 
 ChaHes E. Heitman. 
 
 Theodore Henninger. 
 
 Clinton B. Herrick, M.D. 
 
 Col. William Hester. 
 
 Peter Cooper Hewitt. 
 
 Hon. C. W. Higley.t 
 
 Hon. Warren Higley. 
 
 Hon. David B. Hill. 
 
 Hon. Henry W. Htll. 
 
 ►Deceased. f Declined or resigned. t Superseded ex-officio. 
 
 Trustees in italics. 
 
M embers of the Commission 
 
 1141 
 
 James J. HiU. 
 
 Thomas J. Hilleiy. 
 
 Hon. Michael H. Hirschberg. 
 
 James Hoare. 
 
 Samuel Vcrplanck Hoffman. 
 
 Richard G. Hollaman.f 
 
 James P. Holland. 
 
 Michael HoUoran. 
 
 Willis Holly. 
 
 William Homan. 
 
 Arthur V. Hoornbeck. 
 
 William C. Hope. 
 
 Hon. Randolph Horton. 
 
 Hon. Benjamin Howe.J 
 
 WUliam Dean Howells, LL.D.f 
 
 Hon. Henry E. Howland. 
 
 Colgate Hoyt. 
 
 LeRoy W. Hubbard, M.D. 
 
 Gtn. Thomas H. Hubbard. 
 
 Hon. Henry Hudson. 
 
 Walter G. Hudson. 
 
 Hon. John L. Hughes.J 
 
 Hon. Francis M. Hugo. 
 
 William T. Hunt. 
 
 Archer M. Huntington. 
 
 T. D. Huntting. 
 
 Winfield A. Huppuch. 
 
 Hon. Calvin J. Huson. 
 
 Walter L. Hutchins. 
 
 Kenji Imanishi. 
 
 Hon. John J. Irving, 
 
 Hon. Roscoe Irwin. 
 
 August F. Jaccaci. 
 
 Hon. Jesse Jacobs. 
 
 Marks Jacobs. 
 
 Arthur Curtiss James. 
 
 Hon. Harry James. 
 
 Harry B. James. 
 
 Col. William Jay. 
 
 Morris K. Jesup.* 
 
 A. E. Johnson.-j- 
 
 Elias M. Johnson. 
 
 William B. Jones. 
 
 Henry L. Joyce. 
 
 Hon. Roswell S. Judson. 
 
 Carl W. Jungen. 
 
 Hon. Irving J. Justus. 
 
 John P. Kane, Jr. 
 Jacob Katz. 
 Gustave Kaufmann. 
 Hon. James E. Kelley. 
 Hugh Kelly.* 
 Hon. John P. Kelly. 
 Hon. William P. KenneaUy. 
 James H. Kennedy.f 
 Hon. Francis P. Kenney. 
 Joseph Keppler. 
 
 Hon. Albert R. Kessinger. 
 
 Hon. John H. Ketcham.* 
 
 Hon. George F. Ketchum. 
 
 John Kimmel. 
 
 Gen. Horatio C. King. 
 
 F. D. Kingsbury. 
 
 David M. Kinuear. 
 
 Frank E. Kirby. 
 
 Albert E. Kleinert. 
 
 Hon. C. N. Knapp. 
 
 Hon. C. August Koenig.J 
 
 Hon. Henry Kohl. 
 
 Hon. Lewis W. Korn. 
 
 Hon. John E. Kraft. 
 
 Hon. Hobart Krum. 
 
 George F. Kunz, Ph.D., Sc.D. 
 
 John LaFarge, LL.D. 
 
 William M. Laffan.f 
 
 Charles R. Lamb. 
 
 Frederick S. Lamb. 
 
 Gen. Austin Lathrop. 
 
 Hon. Robert Lawrence. 
 
 Edward E. Lee. 
 
 Homer Lee. 
 
 John Lee.| 
 
 Hon. Thomas H. Lee. 
 
 Charles W. Lefler. 
 
 Julius Lehrenkrauss.* 
 
 Henry M. Leipziger, Ph.D., LL.D. 
 
 Hon. James T. Lennon. 
 
 Clarence E. Leonard. 
 
 William P. Letchworth. LL.D. 
 
 Abraham Levy. 
 
 Hon. Clarence Lesow. 
 
 Hon. Gustav Lindenthal. 
 
 Hon. John F. Little. 
 
 ' Deceased. "(■ Declined or resigned. J Supersede 
 
 Trustees in italics. 
 
1 142 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Herman Livingston. 
 
 John Henry Livingston 
 
 Robert R. Livingston. 
 
 Hon. William Loeb, }r. 
 
 Walter S. Logan.* 
 
 William V. Longwell. 
 
 E. E. Loomis. 
 
 Hon. Chester S. Lord. 
 
 Leonor F. Loree. 
 
 Capt. Charles H. Loring.* 
 
 Hon. Phineas C. Lounsbury, 
 
 Hon. William H. Lovell. 
 
 Hon. Seth Low. 
 
 R. Fulton Ludlow. 
 
 Hart Lyman. 
 
 Martin S. Lynch. 
 
 Hon. Thomas Lynch. 
 
 Col. Arthur MacArthur. 
 
 Henry M. MacCracken, D.D., LL.D. 
 
 D. MacDougall. 
 
 Robert J. MacFarland. 
 
 Creswell MacLaughlin. 
 
 Hon. Joel D. Madden.} 
 
 P. F. Magrath. 
 
 Hon. William A. Mallery. 
 
 Hon. W. H. MandeviUe-t 
 
 Hon. Elia! F. Mann. 
 
 William A. Marble. 
 
 Pierre H. Marshall.* 
 
 T. Comerford Martin. 
 
 Hon. William S. Massoneau. 
 
 George E. Matthews. 
 
 Hon. Grove T. Maxon.t 
 
 Hon. William G. McAdoo. 
 
 Hon. P. F. McAllister. 
 
 Patrick E. McCabe. 
 
 Hon. A. E. McCall. 
 
 Hon. Henry J. McCann. 
 
 Hon. Wtlltam McCarroll. 
 
 Hon. George B. McClellan.J 
 
 Hon. Benjamin McClung. 
 
 Frederick McConnell. 
 
 Hon. R. E. McConnell. 
 
 William F. McConnell. 
 
 Gen. Anson G. McCook. 
 
 Col. John J. McCook. 
 
 Hon. Charles I. ^^cCo^mick. 
 
 James McCrea.f 
 
 James C. McCreery.-j* 
 
 Donald McDonald. 
 
 Hon. J. C. McDonald. 
 
 Hon. Charies McElroy. 
 
 Hon. Jama B. McEwan. 
 
 Hon. Patrick F. McGotvan. 
 
 Eugene J. McGuire. 
 
 Hon. James K. McGuire. 
 
 Douglas L McKay. 
 
 Hon. William J. McKay. 
 
 John J. McKelvey. 
 
 St. Clair McKelway, LL.D., L.H.D., D.C.L. 
 
 Andrew McLean. 
 
 Arthur A. McLean. 
 
 Hon. John McLindon. 
 
 Humphrey McMaster. 
 
 Emerson McMillin.-f 
 
 Hon. Thomas A. McNamara.| 
 
 George C. McNett, M.D. 
 
 Hon. John H. Mcehan. 
 
 Rear Admiral George W. Melville, U. S. N. 
 
 Charies S. Mellen.f 
 
 Rev. H. Pereira Mendes, D.D. 
 
 Hon. August Merrill. 
 
 Hon. E. A. Merritt, Jr. 
 
 Hon. W. H. Meyers. 
 
 Hon. John G. Milburn. 
 
 Hon. Frank V. Millard. 
 
 Capt. Jacob W. Miller. 
 
 Hon. Warner Miller. 
 
 Frank D. Millet. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. A. L. Mills, U. S. A. 
 
 D. Ogden Mills.* 
 
 Ogden Mills. 
 
 Ogden Livingston Mills. 
 
 Hon. George H. Minard. 
 
 Francis J. Molloy. 
 
 Hon. W. B. Mooers.t 
 
 John Moore. 
 
 John C. Moore. 
 
 Eugene F. Moran. 
 
 Thomas E. Moran. 
 
 Hon. A. D. Morgan. 
 
 ]. Pier pom Mor«an, LL.D. 
 
 Hon. Fordham Morris.* 
 
 Hon. Letii P. Morton. 
 
 '■ Decased. f Declined or resigned. % Superseded ex-offii( 
 
 Trustees in italics. 
 
Members of the Commission 
 
 1 143 
 
 Hon. Paul Morton.f 
 
 Hon. Howard T. Mosher. 
 
 Dennis Moynehan. 
 
 Hon. Dennis Moynihan.J 
 
 Hon. John J. F. Mulcahy. 
 
 Hon. John W. Mullen. 
 
 K. M. Murcheson. 
 
 Rear Admiral J. B. Murdock, U. S. N.f 
 
 Hon. Arthur H. Murphy. 
 
 Hon. Franklin Murphy. 
 
 Hon. James E. Murphy. 
 
 M. H. Murphy. 
 
 Hon. M. J. Murray. 
 
 Oscar G. Murray. 
 
 Hon. Vincent A. Murray.J 
 
 William C. Muschenheim. 
 
 Hon. Percival E. Nagle. 
 
 Hon. F. J. Nehon. 
 
 Hon. Jared T. Newman.t 
 
 Nathan Newman. 
 
 Hon. Frank Nichols. 
 
 Hon. William H. Nichols. 
 
 Henry O. Nickerson. 
 
 Charles H. Niehaus. 
 
 Ludwig Niatn. 
 
 Hon. Lewis Nixon. 
 
 Charles R. Norman. 
 
 George L. Norton. 
 
 Charles J. Nunan. 
 
 Hon. John D. Oakley, Jr. 
 
 Hon. John O'Brien. 
 
 Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien. 
 
 Adolph S. Ochs. 
 
 Hon. Benjamin B. Odell, Jr. 
 
 William R. O'Donovan. 
 
 Col. Willis L. Ogdert. 
 
 Eben E. Olcott. 
 
 Marvin Olcott. 
 
 Hon. A. C. Olp. 
 
 Hon. P. 0-Malley. 
 
 Hon. George O'Neill. 
 
 Hon. Thomas H. O'Neill. 
 
 Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn. 
 
 William Church Osborn. 
 
 Percy B. O'Sullivan. 
 
 Hon. James Owens. 
 
 Hon. .ilton B. Parker. 
 
 * Deceased. "j- Declined or resigned. 
 
 George H. Parker. 
 
 Orrel A. Parker. 
 
 Hon. Herbert Parsons. 
 
 John E. Parsons. 
 
 Hon. Samuel Parsons. 
 
 Samuel H. Parsons. 
 
 Edward L. Partridge, M.D. 
 
 Hon. .\. M. Patrick. 
 
 Harry S. Patten. 
 
 Hon. Louis S. Paul. 
 
 Hon. Sereno E. Paync.f 
 
 George Foster Peabody.-j- 
 
 Commander R. E. Peary, U. S. N. 
 
 Bayard L. Peck. 
 
 Hon. George W. Peck. 
 
 Gordon H. Peck. 
 
 Captain Rowland Pell.f 
 
 James \V. Penny.f 
 
 Hon. E. E. Perkins. 
 
 Hon. George If. Perkins. 
 
 Hon. R. E. Perkins. 
 
 Ralph Peters. 
 
 Hon. Otto Pfajj. 
 
 Charles H. Phelps.f 
 
 Hon. William H. Phibbs. 
 
 James P. Philip. 
 
 Hon. N. Taylor Phillips. 
 
 Hon. Samuel K. Phillips. 
 
 William Phillips. 
 
 John B. Pine. 
 
 M. F. Plant. 
 
 Hon. Thomas C. Platt.-f 
 
 William H. Pleasants. 
 
 George A. Plimpton. 
 
 Walter B. Pollock. 
 
 George W. Pople. 
 
 Fred. Porsth. 
 
 Eugene H. Porter, M.D. 
 
 General Horace Porter. 
 
 Hon. E. L. Post. 
 
 Rt. Rev. H. C. Potter, D.D.* 
 
 Hon. Clarence E. PoweU. 
 
 Hon. Richard M. Prangea.J 
 
 Charles M. Pratt. 
 
 Frank Presbrey. 
 
 Hon. John D. Prince. 
 
 Hon. L. Bradford Prince. 
 
 Superseded ex-officio. Trustees in italics. 
 
144 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. Thomas R. Proctor. 
 
 Hon. Corntlius A. Pugsley. 
 
 Joseph Pulitzer.t 
 
 Hon. A. F. Quick.! 
 
 Hon. Daniel P. Quinn.J 
 
 Hon. Edward Quirkt 
 
 Louis C. Raegentr. 
 
 William F. Rafferty. 
 
 Hon. John Raines.* 
 
 John H. Ramsay. 
 
 James B. Rathbone. 
 
 Hon. George G. Raymond. | 
 
 Norman B. Ream. 
 
 Hon. James W. Redmond 
 
 Frank B. Reese. 
 
 James B. Regan. 
 
 Hon. David S. Rendt. 
 
 Eugene L. Richards, Jr. 
 
 Oscar L. Richards. 
 
 Herman Ridder. 
 
 Hon. John Riordan. 
 
 R. W. Rives. 
 
 Edward Robinson. 
 
 John D. Rockefeller. 
 
 William Rockefeller. 
 
 Hon. W. J. Rockefeller. 
 
 Major-General Charles F. Roe. 
 
 Carl J. Roehr. 
 
 Louis T. Romaine. 
 
 Franklin D. Roosevelt. 
 
 Hon. Robert B. Roosevelt.* 
 
 Hon. Elihu Root. 
 
 Hon. Arthur P. Rose.t 
 
 Hon. Louis Rosenkranz. 
 
 Albert B. Rossdale. 
 
 Hon. A. Rowe. 
 
 Hon. George H. Rowe. 
 
 Stephen Ryan. 
 
 Thomas F. Ryan. 
 
 Col. Henry W. Sackett. 
 
 Mrs. Russell Sage. 
 
 Hon. John K. Sague. 
 
 Col. William Gary Sanger. 
 
 Hon. A. B. Santry.t 
 
 George Henry Sargent. 
 
 Col. Herbert L. Satterlee. 
 
 Hon. W. J. Saunder. 
 
 Hon. John Scanlon. 
 
 Hon. J. D. Scanlon. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur F. Schermerhorn. 
 
 Charles A. Schermerhorn. 
 
 Hon. Matthew H. V. Schermerhorn. 
 
 Hon. Charles A. Schieren. 
 
 Jacob H. Schiff. 
 
 Augustus W. Schlemmer. 
 
 Grant B. Schley. 
 
 Hon. Joseph Schloss. 
 
 Hon. George J. Schneider. 
 
 Hon. Edward Schoeneck. 
 
 Gustav Scholer, M.D. 
 
 Hon. John M. Schoonmaker. 
 
 John Schroers. 
 
 Jacob Gould Sthurman. Sc.D., LL.D. 
 
 Gustav H. Schwab.f 
 
 Jacob Schwab. 
 
 James E. Schwarzenbach. 
 
 Col. Hugh L. Scott, U. S. A. 
 
 Joseph F. Scott. 
 
 Hon. Townsend Scudder. 
 
 Wallace M. Scudder. 
 
 Oscar R. Seitz. 
 
 Isaac N. Seligman. 
 
 Louis Seligsberg. 
 
 Hon. .indrew C. Seneca}, 
 
 Hon. Joseph H. Senner.* 
 
 Hon. Frederick IV. Seward. 
 
 Hon. George F. Seward."]" 
 
 Milo Shanks. 
 
 William N. Shannon. 
 
 Hon. Daniel Sheehan. 
 
 Hon. William F. Sheehan. 
 
 George R. Sheldon. 
 
 Hon. Edward M. Shepard. 
 
 Hon. Theodore H. Silkman. 
 
 J. Edward Simmons. 
 
 John W. Simpson. 
 
 John J. Sinclair. 
 
 Hon. E. V. Skinner.* 
 
 Hon. C. M. Slauson.J 
 
 Rev. Thomas R. Slicer. 
 
 Prof. William M. Sloane. 
 
 Colonel Joseph Jermain Slocum. 
 
 Archelaus W. Smith. 
 
 Charles Stewart Smith.* 
 
 Deceased. "j" Declined or resigned. | Superseded es-offici 
 
 Trustees in italics. 
 
Members of the Commission 
 
 1 145 
 
 General George M. Smith. 
 
 Hon. Henry Smith. 
 
 Hon. Isaac H. Smith. 
 
 Hon. John K. Smith. J 
 
 Hon. Myron Smith. 
 
 S. Willard Smith. 
 
 W. Charles Smith. 
 
 Hon. Walter Lloyd Smith. 
 
 Prof. John C. Sraock.f 
 
 Clarence T. Snyder. 
 
 Hon. Henry F. Snyder.t 
 
 William Sohmer. 
 
 Luigi Solari. 
 
 Nelson S. Spencer. 
 
 Samuel Spencer. -j- 
 
 James A. Sperry. 
 
 James Speyer. 
 
 Hon. Allen N. Spooner. 
 
 Hon. George V. L. Spratt. 
 
 Wesley J. Springstead. 
 
 James H. Stack. 
 
 Charles R. Starbuck. 
 
 Hon. John H. Stariu.* 
 
 Hon. Alfred E. Steers. 
 
 Isaac Stern. 
 
 Hon. Louis Stem. 
 
 Francis Lynde Stetson, 
 
 Gilchrist Stewart. 
 
 Louis Stewart. 
 
 James Stillman. 
 
 Hon. L. L. Stillman.* 
 
 Henry L. Stoddard. 
 
 Hon. Edward C. Stokes. 
 
 Melville E. Stone. 
 
 William L. Stone.* 
 
 Hon. Charles E. Storms. 
 
 Hon. Oscar S. Straus. 
 
 Samuel Straus. 
 
 Max Strauss. 
 
 Hon. Charles H. Strong. 
 
 Lewis Sugerman. 
 
 Hon. Timothy P. Sullivan.* 
 
 Stephan Suszynski. 
 
 Hon. F. Herbert Sutherland. 
 
 George R. Sutherland. 
 
 Hon. Leslie Sutherland. 
 
 Hon. Theodore Sutro. 
 
 Hon. James W. Sutton. 
 
 O. W. Sutton, M.D. 
 
 Charles Stvanson. 
 
 Hon. H. B. Swartwout. 
 
 George W. Sweeney. 
 
 Warren M. Sweet. 
 
 Henry C. Swords.")* 
 
 Henry W. Taft. 
 
 Edward M. Tailer. 
 
 Dr. Jokichi Takamine. 
 
 Stevenson Taylor. 
 
 J. Ter Kuille. 
 
 John T. Terry. 
 
 Edward Thalmann. 
 
 Ernst Thalmann. 
 
 Hon. Samuel R. Thayer.* 
 
 Eben B. Thomas. 
 
 Col. Robert M. Thompson. 
 
 Hon. John M. Ticrney. 
 
 Hon. Fred W. Titus.J 
 
 Frank Tocci. 
 
 Ray Tompkins. 
 
 Henry R. Towne. 
 
 Hon. Asbury C. Townsend. 
 
 Irving Townsend, M. D. 
 
 Hon. Spencer Trask.* 
 
 Peter H. Troy. 
 
 William H. Truesdale. 
 
 Hon. .Arthur C. Tucker.-f 
 
 Eliot Tuckerman. 
 
 Arthur H. Tully. 
 
 Hon. William J. Tully. 
 
 C. Y. Turner. 
 
 Brigadier-General Henry S. 1 
 
 Hon. Albert W. Twiggar. 
 
 Albert Ulmann. 
 
 F. D. Underwood. 
 Lieut.-Com. Aaron Vanderhilt 
 Alfred G. Fanderbilt. 
 Cornelius Vanderhilt. 
 William K. Vanderhilt. 
 Rev. Henry Van Dyke, D.D. 
 
 G. E. Van Kennan. 
 
 Hon. George R. Van Namee. 
 Warner Van Norden. 
 William B. Van Rensselaer.* 
 Miss A. T. Van Santvoord.f 
 
 ' Deceased. f Declined or resigned. J Superseded ex-officio. Trustees in italics. 
 
1 1 46 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. George B. Van Valkenburgh. 
 
 Hon. Horace S. Van Voast.t 
 
 John R. Van Wormer.* 
 
 J. Leonard Varick. 
 
 Hon. Jacob J. Velten. 
 
 William G. Ver Planck. 
 
 Oswald G. ViUard-t 
 
 Hon. Foster M. Voorhees. 
 
 Hon. C. E. Vredenburg.t 
 
 Hon. E. B. Vreeland. 
 
 Colonel John JV. Vrooman. 
 
 Hon. Jamt! IV. Wadswortk, Jr. 
 
 Colonel Alfred Wagstaff. 
 
 Hon. Charles G. F. Wahle. 
 
 J. Howard Wainwright. 
 
 Herbert B. Walker. 
 
 Michael J. Walsh. 
 
 Rev. .Alexander Walters. 
 
 Captain Aaron Ward, U. S. N. 
 
 Dr. Samuel B. Ward. 
 
 Hon. W. L. Ward. 
 
 William T. WardweU. 
 
 Hon. D. M. Warner. 
 
 Hon. Nathan A. W'arren.J: 
 
 Hon. William C. Warren.f 
 
 Hon. Robert B. Waters.J 
 
 Hon. John Wayle. 
 
 Hon. .Anthony J. Weaver. 
 
 Hon. J. Fred Wehmeyer, Jr. 
 
 Edward WeUs, Jr.* 
 
 Hon. James L. WeUs. 
 
 Hon. A. Z. Wemple. 
 
 Hon. E. L. Wemple.J 
 
 Hon. George T. Werts. 
 
 Hon. J. Henry Wessel. 
 
 Charles W. Wetmore. 
 
 Edmund Wetmore. 
 
 Henry W. Wetmore. 
 
 Hon. Monroe Wheeler. 
 
 i Wheeler.t 
 J. G. N. Whitaker. 
 Hon. Andrew D. White.f 
 Hon. J. DuPratt White. 
 Fred C. Whitney. 
 Hon. Howard C. Wiggins. 
 General W. C. S. Wiley. 
 Charles B. Wilkinson. 
 Hon. Wtlliam R. Wilkox. 
 Hon. Charles Williamson. 
 Clarence Willis. 
 Charles R. Wilson. 
 Edward C. Wilson. 
 Frederick W. Wilson. 
 George Wilson.* 
 George T. Wilson. 
 General James Grant Wilson, 
 Louis Windmuller. 
 Hon. L. H. Wing. 
 Hon. Egerton L. Winthrop, Jr. 
 Hon. John Wirth. 
 Hon. John S. Wise. 
 Hon. H. Otto Wittpenn. 
 Hon. F. E. Wixson. 
 Charles B. Wolifram. 
 Hon. Edward I. Wood.* 
 Hon. Joseph S. Wood. 
 Major-General Leonard Woody U. 
 General Stewart L. Woodford. 
 Hon. Timothy L. Woodruff. 
 Colonel Robert B. Woodward. 
 W. E. Wooley. 
 William Wortman. 
 Fincent W. Woyiiseh. 
 James \. Wright. 
 Hon. Frederick M. Young.J 
 Hon. Richard Young. 
 August Zinsser. 
 Hon. F. G. Zinsser. 
 
 (Being the 
 
 HONORARY FOREIGN COUNCILLORS 
 
 if the Netherlands Hudson-Fulton Commission.) 
 
 His Royal Highness, Prince Henry of the Netherlands, Duke of Mecklenburg, Patron of the 
 Netherlands Hudson-Fulton Commission, The Hague. 
 
 Vice-Admiral \. G. Ellis, R. N., Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty the Queen, Honorary President 
 of the Netherlands Hudson-Fulton Commission, The Hague. 
 
 ' Deceased. 
 
 t Decli. 
 
 
 X Superseded ei-officio. Trustees 
 
Members of the Commission 1 147 
 
 Vice-Admiral Baron J. H. L. J. Sweerts de Landas Wyborgh, R. N., Aide-de-Camp to Her 
 Majesty the Queen, The Hague. 
 
 Vice-Admiral Jonkheer J. A. Roell, R. N., Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty the Queen, The Hague 
 
 Baron J. J. G. van Voorst tot Voorst, Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty the Queen, Arnhem. 
 
 Major J. W. P. van Hoogstraten, Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty the Queen, Secretary of the 
 Netherlands Hudson-Fulton Commission, The Hague. 
 
 Baron M. MacUay, Minister of State, President of the Netherlands Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 Corrmiission, The Hague. 
 
 Dr. A. Kuyper, Ex-Minister of Interior Affairs, The Hague. 
 
 Hon. L. H. W. Regout, Secretary of State for Commerce, The Hague. 
 
 Hon. J. C. de Marez Oyens, Ei-Secretary of State for Commerce, The Hague. 
 
 Baron C. J. van Tujll van Serooskerken, Comptroller of the Crown Lands, The Hague. 
 
 Baron W. D. H. van .^sbeck. Captain of the Royal Navy, Willemsoord. 
 
 Mr. J. F. van Beek, Superintendent of Shipbuilding at the Department of the Navy, Amsterdam. 
 
 Baron J. E. N. Schimmelpenninck van der Oye Hoevelaken, President of First Chamber of Rep- 
 resentatives, The Hague. 
 
 Baron W. J. van Welderen Rengers, Member of the First Chamber of Representatives, Leeu- 
 warden. 
 
 Jonkheer P. J. J. S. M. van der Does de Willebois, Member of the First Chamber of Repre- 
 sentatives, 's Hertogenbosch. 
 
 Hon. F. S. van Nierop, Member of the First Chamber of Representatives, The Hague. 
 
 Hon. J. E. Scholten, Member of the First Chamber of Representatives, Groningen. 
 
 Hon. D. W. Stork, Member of the First Chamber of Representatives, Hengelo. 
 
 Jonkheer J. Rbell, President of the Second Chamber of Representatives, The Hague. 
 
 Hon. W. F. van Leeuwen, Mayor of .Amsterdam. 
 
 Hon. A. R. Zimmerman, Mayor of Rotterdam. 
 
 Baron J. d' Aubis de Bourouill, Professor at the State University of Utrecht. 
 
 Dr. H. Bavinck, Professor at the Free University of Amsterdam. 
 
 Dr. P. J. Blok, Professor at the State University of Leiden. 
 
 Mr. S. P. van Eeghen, Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Amsterdam. 
 
 Mr. J. T. Cremer, President of the Netheriands Trading Society, Amsterdam, Vice-President 
 of the Netherlands Hudson-Fulton Commission. 
 
 Mr. E. P. de Monchy, Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Rotterdam, Vice-President 
 of the Netherlands Hudson-Fulton Commission. 
 
 Mr. R. van Rees, Treasurer of the Netherlands Hudson-Fulton Commission, Amsterdam. 
 
 Mr. J. Heldring, Assistant Secretary of the Netherlands Hudson-Fulton Commission, The 
 Hague. 
 
 The Managing Directors of the Holland-America Line. 
 
 The Managing Directors of Royal Dutch West India Mail 
 
 CORRESPONDENT COUNCILLORS 
 
 Dr. .A. Bredius, Director of the Mauritshuys Museum, The Hague. 
 Hon. C G. Hooft, Director of the Fodor Museum, .Amsterdam. 
 Hon. D Hudig, .Assistant in Naval Drawings, etc., Rotterdam. 
 Dr. W. Martin, Professor at University at Leiden. 
 Dr. E. W. Moes, Curator of Prints, Rijks Museum, Amsterdam. 
 
CHAPTER LXIII 
 
 COMMITTEES OF THE COMMISSION 
 
 Develop- "TXURING the first year of the existence of the Hudson-Fulton 
 fte°Com-l->^ Celebration Commission, only about twelve committees 
 mittees were appointed. The largest of these was the Executive 
 
 Committee, consisting of 44 members, the number fixed by the 
 by-laws. These Committees, most of them of small numbers for 
 convenience, simply covered the first necessities of the organiza- 
 tion. By the end of 1908 the number of committees had been 
 increased to only fourteen, as they were still working out the ele- 
 ments of the plan of Celebration. By November, 1908, the details 
 of the Celebration had been mapped out and the Board of 
 Trustees was then ready to summon every member of the 
 Commission to active work. On November 30, 1908, a meet- 
 ing of the full Commission was held in the City Hall, New 
 York, when Acting President Ridder announced a system of 
 forty-two working committees covering various phases of the 
 plan of Celebration. Every member of the Commission was 
 assigned to one committee or more. During the next ten 
 months nine more committees were added to attend to details 
 as they developed, so that at the time of the Celebration 
 there were fifty-one working committees. Persons who were 
 appointed members of the Commission during the few months 
 just prior to the Celebration largely as a matter of compliment 
 were not added to the committees whose plans, by that time, 
 were fully crystallized. 
 
 Following is a list of the Committees as they stood at the 
 time of the Celebration, together with an outline of their duties 
 as prescribed when they were appointed. Where the Secre- 
 taries of Committees were members of the Commission, they 
 are here mentioned and not otherwise, the following list con- 
 ies 
 
Committees of the Commission 1 1 49 
 
 taining only the names of members of the Hudson-Fulton Cele- 
 bration Commission: 
 
 Aeronautics Committee 
 
 To consider the feasibility of, and, if practicable, arrange for an exhibition of flying machines. 
 Hon. James M. Beck, Chairman. 
 Hon. WilL'am Berri. Peter Cooper Hewitt 
 
 Hon. Theodore P. Gilraan. Major-General Leonard Wood, U. S. A. 
 
 Aldermanic Committee 
 
 To advise in regard to the expenditure of funds appropriated by the City of New York. 
 Hon. Timothy P. Sullivan, Chairman 
 Hon. Frank L. Dowling, Vice Chairman. 
 Hon. John Diemer. Hon. Arthur H. Murphy, 
 
 Hon. Reginald S. Doull. Hon. Percival E. Nagle. 
 
 Hon. Robert F. Downing. Hon. James W. Redmond. 
 
 Hon. Patrick F. Flynn. Hon. David S. Rendt. 
 
 Hon. John D. Gunther. Hon. Joseph Schloss. 
 
 Hon. William P. Kenoeally. Hon. George J. Schneider. 
 
 Hon. Francis P. Kenney Hon. Jacob J. Velten. 
 
 Hon. John J. F. Mulcahy. 
 
 Aquatic Sports Committee 
 
 To arrange for aquatic sports on the Hudson River, to be participated in by crews from the 
 men-of-war, and by yacht, motor and rowing clubs. 
 
 Captain Alfred Brooks Fry, Chairman. 
 Alphonse H. Alkcr. Capt. Jacob W. MiUer. 
 
 Constructor Wm. J. Baxter, U. S. N. Ogden L. Mills. 
 
 E. C. Converse. George L. Norton. 
 
 Frederick B. Dalzell. William H. Pleasants. 
 
 George Gardiner Fry. Clarence T. Snyder. 
 
 Arthur Curtiss James. Commissioner Charles R. Starbuck. 
 
 Harry B. James. Herbert B. Walker. 
 
 Hon. William J. McKay. Hon. Nathan A. Warren. 
 
 Art and Historical Exhibits Committee 
 
 To invite and to cooperate in securing exhibits of paintings, prints, books, models, relics, plants 
 and animals of the historic periods, etc.; and to cooperate with institutions in the publication of 
 catalogues of exhibits. 
 
 J. PierpoQt Morgan, LL.D., General Chairman. 
 Sub-Committee on Art Exhibits 
 Hon. Robert W. deForest, Chirmana. 
 Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke. George A. Hearn. 
 
 Edward Robinson. George F. Kunz, Ph.D., ScD. 
 
 (Continued on next page) 
 
1 150 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Art and Historical Exhibits Committee— Continued 
 
 Sub-Committee on Historical Exhibits 
 
 Dr. George F. Kunz, Chairman. 
 
 Philip T. Dodge. Archer M. Huntington. 
 
 Samuel V. Hoffman. Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn. 
 
 Auditing Committee 
 To examine and approve bills for payment in concurrence with the Board of Trustees; and to 
 audit the reports and accounts of the Treasurer. 
 
 Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, Chairman. 
 Hon. Warren Higley. Hon. William McCarroll. 
 
 Badges, Flag and Poster Committee 
 
 Upon request of the Trustees or any Committee, to provide badges for the official use of members 
 of the Commission; to recommend a design for an official flag; and to recommend a design for an 
 official poster. 
 
 August F. Jaccaci, Chairman. 
 Louis Annin Ames, Vice-Chairman. 
 
 Edward D. Adams, LL.D. Frank D. Millet. 
 
 Herbert Adams. Hon. Samuel Parsons. 
 
 Samuel W. Fairchild. Louis Stewart. 
 
 Barr Ferree. C. Y. Turner. 
 Samuel V. Hoffman. 
 
 Banquet Committee 
 To arrange for the Official Banquet in its various details. 
 
 Francis Lynde Stetson, Chairman. 
 
 Hon. William Bern. Samuel W. Fairchild. 
 
 Gen. Howard Carroll. Hon. James J. Frawley. 
 
 John B. Creighton. Ogden L. Mills. 
 
 E. S. A. De Lima. Col. Henry W. Sackett. 
 
 Robert E. Ely. CorneUus Vanderbilt. 
 
 Bronx Committee 
 
 To represent the interests of the Bronx Citizens' Committee in the meetings of the Hudson-Fulton 
 Celebration Commission and to secure cooperation between that Committee and this Commission. 
 
 Hon. John J. Brady, Chairman. 
 .Augustus W. Schlemmer, Secretary. 
 
 John J. McKelvey. William C. Muschenheim. 
 
 Hon. Arthur H. Murphy. Hon. George W. Perkins. 
 
Committees of the Commission 
 
 1151 
 
 To represent the i 
 Fulton Celebration Comn 
 Commission. 
 
 Brooklyn Committee 
 
 ■ the Brooklyn Citizens' Committee i 
 on and to secure cooperation betn 
 
 the meetings of the Hudson- 
 :n that Committee and this 
 
 Abraham Abraham. 
 
 Constructor Wm. J. Baiter, U. S. 
 
 Hon. William Berri. 
 
 Hon. David A. Boody. 
 
 Hon. A. J. Boulton. 
 
 Commander Herbert L. Bridgmao. 
 
 Hon. George V. Brower. 
 
 Frederick B. Dalzell. 
 
 Hon. John Dicmer. 
 
 Hon. Robert F. Downing. 
 
 Henry Fuehrer. 
 
 Wallace P. Groom. 
 
 Hon. John D. Gunther. 
 
 James F. Holland. 
 
 Colonel Willis L. Ogden, Chairman. 
 
 Colonel William Hester, Vice-chairman. 
 
 John B. Creighton, Secretary. 
 
 Hon. Francis P. Kenney. 
 U. S. N. Gen. Horatio C. King. 
 
 Albert E. Kleinert. 
 
 Robert J. McFarland. 
 
 Hon. St. Clair McKelway. 
 
 Andrew McLean. 
 
 Nathan Newman. 
 
 Ludwig Nissen. 
 
 Hon. James W. Redmond. 
 
 Carl J. Roehr. 
 
 Hon. Charles .\. Schieren. 
 
 James A. Spcrry. 
 
 Hon. Jacob J. Velten. 
 
 Hon. Richard Young. 
 
 Children's Festivals Committee 
 
 To assist public school children and juvenile institutions and organizations to hoi- 
 festivals out-of-doors. 
 
 Hon. Samuel Parsons, Chairman. 
 
 Hon. Joseph Schloss. 
 
 President Jacob Gould Schurman. 
 
 George R. Sutherland. 
 
 Hon Jacob J. Velten. 
 
 Hon. Egerton L. Winthrop, Jr. 
 
 Hon. Richard Young. 
 
 Edward D. .Adams, LL.D. 
 
 Mrs. Anson P. Atterbury. 
 
 Morris P. Ferris. 
 
 Dr. E. R. L. Gould. 
 
 WilUs HoUy. 
 
 August F. Jaccaci. 
 
 Hon. John J. F. Mulcahy. 
 
 Clennont Committee 
 
 After its construction, to receive the facsimile of the Clermont; to arrange for its berthing or 
 anchorage, protection and exhibition; to manage it during the Naval Parade at New York and 
 northward; to make recommendations to the Commission concerning its final disposition after the 
 Celebration; and to attend to the execution of the Commission's decision on that subject. 
 
 (The Naval Parade Committee will be responsible for the design and construction of the Clermont, 
 lu the Naval Parade, the Clermont Committee, like the commanders of all other vessels, will be 
 subject to the arrangements of the Naval Parade Committee.) 
 
 Constructor Wm. J. Baxter, U. S. N. 
 Robert Fulton Crary, Jr. 
 Robert Fulton Cutting. 
 Frederick B. Dalzell. 
 
 Eben E. Olcott, Chairman. 
 
 Captain Alfred B. Fry. 
 Robert Fulton Ludlow. 
 Stevenson Taylor. 
 
1 152 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Cornwall Committee 
 To arraoge for the official ceremonies at Cornwall. 
 
 Hon. J. H. Clarkson, Chairman, 
 Creswell MacLaughlin, Secretary. 
 
 Contracts Committee 
 
 To have charge of the drawing of all formal contracts eiecuted by the Commission. 
 
 Hon. M. Linn Bruce, Chairman. 
 John J. McKelvey, Vice-Chairman. 
 H. L. Bogert. Nelson S. Spencer. 
 
 Henry E. Gregory. 
 
 Decoration and Reviewing Stands Committee 
 
 To invite the public authorities and owners of large office buildings, by individual letters, to deco- 
 rate their buildings during Celebration week; to suggest to the public authorities the erection of 
 suitable street decorations, such as arches, courts of honor, etc.; to make suitable appeals through 
 the press to citizens generally to decorate their houses during the festival; upon request of any other 
 Committee to provide the decorations which it may need; and to attend to the construction of 
 reviewing stands for the open air functions, upon request of the Committees having such functions 
 in charge. 
 
 (The control of the use of the reviewing stands will be in the hands of the Committees having the 
 charge of the functions for which they are used.) 
 
 Charles R. Lamb, Chairman. 
 Hon. Jacob A. Cantor. W. R. O'Donovan. 
 
 John C. Eames. George Henry Sargent. 
 
 Albert E. Kleinert. John W. Simpson. 
 
 Homer Lee. Isaac Stern. 
 
 William Allen Marble. Henry R. Towne. 
 
 Ludwig Nissen. 
 
 Dedications Committee 
 
 To assist in the arrangements for the dedication of monuments or tablets which have been erected 
 
 cither by the Commission itself or which have been erected by other organizations with the official 
 
 countenance of this Commission; and to promote generally the dedication of memonals of various 
 
 sorts by other organizations as contemplated in the program. 
 
 Hon. Warren Higley, Chairman. 
 
 George Clinton Batcheller, LL.D. D. McDougall. 
 
 Reginald P. Bolton. James B. Regan. 
 
 George V. Brower. Albert B. Rossdale. 
 
 Frederick R. Cruikshank. John J. Sinclair. 
 
 Hon. Charles de Kay. Archelaus W. Smith. 
 
 James de la Montanye. James H. Stack. 
 
 Hon. Garret J. Garretson. Lewis Sugerman. 
 
 Henry J. Goggin. Col. John W. Vrooman. 
 
 Walter G Hudson. J. Howard Wainwright. 
 
 T. D. Huntting. George T. Wilson. 
 Gustave Kaufmann. 
 
Committees of the Commission 
 
 153 
 
 Executive Committee 
 ies of the Executive Committee as prescribed in the By-Lan 
 General Stewart L. Woodford, Chairman. 
 
 John E. Parsons, 
 Hon. James M. Beck. 
 Tunis G. Bergen. 
 Hon. William Bern. 
 Andrew Carnegie. 
 Hon. Joseph H. Choate. 
 Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke. 
 William J. Curtis. 
 Theodore Fitch. 
 Austen G. Foi. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Frederick D. Grant, U. S. A. 
 Edward Hagaman Hall, L.H.D. 
 Col. William Jay. 
 George F. Kunz, Ph.D., Sc.D. 
 John La Farge, LL.D. 
 Hon. Seth Low. 
 Hon. William McCarroll. 
 Captain Jacob W. Miller. 
 Frank D. Millet. 
 J. Pierpont Morgan, LL.D. 
 Hon. Levi P. Morton. 
 Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien. 
 
 V ice-Chairman. 
 
 Col. Willis L. Ogden- 
 
 Eben E. Olcott. 
 
 Hon. Alton B. Parker. 
 
 Hon. George W. Perkins. 
 
 Hon. N. Taylor Phillips. 
 
 Gen. Horace Porter. 
 
 Louis C. Raegener. 
 
 Herman Ridder. 
 
 Col. Henry W. Sackett. 
 
 Isaac N. Seligman. 
 
 Hon. Frederick W. Seward. 
 
 J. Edward Simmons. 
 
 Francis Lynde Stetson. 
 
 Hon. Oscar S. Straus. 
 
 Spencer Trask. 
 
 Wm. B. Van Rensselaer. 
 
 Lieut-Com. Aaron Vanderbilt. 
 
 Dr. Samuel B. Ward. 
 
 Hon. Wm. R. Willcox. 
 
 Gen. James Grant Wilson. 
 
 General Commemorative Exercises Committee 
 
 To request and by pamphlets, correspondence and other appropriate means, to assist universities, 
 colleges, public schools, historical and patriotic societies, and institutions of learning generally 
 throughout the State, to hold commemorative exercises. 
 
 Jacob Gould Schurman, LL.D., ScD., Chairman. 
 Hon. Andrew S. Draper, Vice-chairman. 
 
 Hon. James N. Adam. 
 Hon. John C. Barry. 
 George W. Batten. 
 Hon. F. Beebe. 
 Hon. David A. Boody. 
 Charles N. Bulger. 
 Henry P. Burgard. 
 Hon. E. H. Butler. 
 Hon. Samuel A. Carlsoc 
 Andrew Carnegie. 
 Hon. A. T. Clearwater. 
 William J. Conners. 
 Hon. Charles W. Cool. 
 Hon. Jacob H. Dealy. 
 
 Hon. Edward W. Douglas. 
 Hon. Anthony C. Douglass. 
 Hon. Hiram H. Edgerton. 
 Hon. Meyer Einstein. 
 W. W. Farley. 
 Hon. J. Sloat Fassett. 
 Thomas W. Finucane. 
 Hon. Louis T. Fisk. 
 Hon. Alan C. Fobes. 
 Hon. William FoUette. 
 Charles H. Ford. 
 Hon. C. A. Frost. 
 Louis P. Fuhrmann. 
 Jacob Gerling. 
 1 next page) 
 
 73 
 
1 154 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 General Commemorative 
 E. R. L. Gould, Ph.D. 
 Hon. Edward M. Grout. 
 Thomas P. Hefferman. 
 W. B. Harper. 
 Jaraes Hoare. 
 Hon. Randolph Horton, 
 Hon. Francis M. Hugo. 
 Hon. Albert Kessinger. 
 Hon. C. August Koenig. 
 Hon. Robert Lawrence. 
 Henry M. Leipziger, Ph.D., LL.D. 
 P. F. Magrath. 
 Hon. W. H. MandeviUe. 
 George E. Matthews. 
 Hon. St. Clair McKelway. 
 Hon. Thomas A. McNamara. 
 Hon. George H. Minard. 
 Dennis Moynehan. 
 Hon. W. B. Mooers. 
 Hon. Samuel Parsons. 
 Harry S. Patten. 
 
 Exercises Committee — Continued 
 Hon. Richard M. Prangen. 
 Hon. Edward Quirk. 
 William F. Rafferty. 
 Hon. Arthur P. Rose. 
 .Stephen Ryan. 
 Col. William Cary Sanger. 
 J. E. Schwarzenbach. 
 Hon. A. B. Santry. 
 Hon. Daniel Sheehan. 
 Hon. Edward M. Shepard. 
 Hon. C. M. Slauson, 
 Hon. John K. Smith. 
 Hon. Henry B. Swartwout. 
 Warren M. Sweet. 
 G. E. Van Kennan. 
 George B. Van Valkenburg. 
 Hon. E. B. Vreeland. 
 Hon. Thomas Wheeler. 
 Charles R. Wilson. 
 Hon. Frederick M. Young. 
 
 Half Moon Committee 
 
 To collaborate with the committee of citizens of Holland who are building the facsimile of the 
 Half Moon; to receive it upon arrival, and have the care of its berthing or anchorage, and its pro- 
 tection and exhibition prior to the Naval Parade; to have charge of it during the Naval Parades at 
 New York and northward; and to make recommendations to the Commission concerning its final 
 disposition after the Celebration and to execute the decision of the Commission on that subject. 
 
 (In the Naval Parades, the Half Moon Committee will be subject to the arrangements of the Naval 
 Parade Committee.) 
 
 Colonel Herbert L. Satterlee, Chairman. 
 Tunis G. Bergen. George G. Fry. 
 
 Howland Shippen Davis. Charles A. Schermerhorn. 
 
 George G. De Witt. William G. Ver Planck. 
 
 Com. Wm. B. Franklin. 
 
 Historical Committee 
 
 To pass upon and if necessary revise any historical publication of the Commission; to approve 
 of the historical subjects proposed for representation by the Carnival and Historical Parades Com- 
 mittee; and to advise with any other Committee of the Commission upon any question of historical 
 fact or propriety. 
 
 Samuel V. Hoffman, Chairman, 
 
 Hon. Theodore M. Banta. 
 Hon. John D. Crimmins. 
 Winchester Fitch. 
 WiUiam Homan. 
 Clarence E. Leonard. 
 
 Hon. Townsend Scudder. 
 Hon. Theodore H. Silkman. 
 Rev. Dr. Henry Van Dyke. 
 Hon. John S. Wise. 
 
Committees of the Commission 
 
 1155 
 
 Historical i 
 
 To arrange for the Historical an 
 of the floats. 
 
 Herbert Adams. 
 
 B. Altman. 
 
 Col. Andrew D. Bairo. 
 
 August Belmont. 
 
 Hon. William Berri. 
 
 George C. Boldt. 
 
 Hon. David A. Boody. 
 
 Alexander F. Bouvet. 
 
 Hon. George C. Clausen. 
 
 Hon. John Diemer. 
 
 Hon. Reginald S. Doull. 
 
 Hon. Frank L. DowHng. 
 
 Hon. Robert F. Downing. 
 
 George Ehret. 
 
 William Temple Emmet. 
 
 Frank L. Frugone. 
 
 Henry Fuehrer. 
 
 Hon. Patrick F. Flynn. 
 
 Frank S. Gardner. 
 
 T. Greidanus. 
 
 Hon. John D. Gunther. 
 
 Arthur H. Heam. 
 
 Theodore Henninger. 
 
 Colgate Hoyt. 
 
 Hon. Wm. P. Kenneally. 
 
 Hon. Francis P. Kenney. 
 
 Gen. Horatio C. King. 
 
 Hon. Gustav Lindenthal. 
 
 Frank D. Millet. 
 
 Hon. John J. F. Mulcahy. 
 
 1 Carnival Parades Committee 
 id Carnival Parades, and to supervise the designing and building 
 
 Herman Ridder, Chairman. 
 
 Hon. Arthur H. Murphy. 
 
 WiUiam C. Muschenheim. 
 
 Hon. Percival E. Nagle. 
 
 Hon. Lewis Nixon. 
 
 Eben E. Olcott. 
 
 William Church Osbom. 
 
 Bayard L. Peck. 
 
 Hon. Cornelius A. Pugsley. 
 
 Louis C. Raegcner. 
 
 Hon. James W. Redmond. 
 
 Hon. David S. Rendt. 
 
 Carl J. Roehr. 
 
 Jacob H. Schiff. 
 
 Hon. Joseph Schloss. 
 
 Hon. George J. Schneider. 
 
 Gustav Scholer, M.D. 
 
 John Schroers. 
 
 Oscar R. Seitz. 
 
 Louis Seligsberg. 
 
 William Sohmer. 
 
 James Speyer. 
 
 Hon. Louis Stern. 
 
 Hon. Timothy P. Sullivan. 
 
 Charles Swanson. 
 
 C. Y. Turner. 
 
 J. Leonard Varick. 
 
 Hon. Jacob J. Velten. 
 
 Edmund Wetmore. 
 
 Charles B. Wolffram. 
 
 Vincent W. Woytisek. 
 
 Hudson Monument Committee 
 
 To arrange for the erection of the Henry Hudson Monument on Spuyten Duyvil Hill. 
 Dr. James Douglas, Chairman. 
 John Jay McKelvey, Secretary. 
 Oeveland H. Dodge. William C. Muschenheim. 
 
 Hon. George W. Perkins. 
 
 Hudson River Scenery Committee 
 
 To promote legislation, to encourage private generosity, to foster pubHc sentiment, and to 
 cooperate with other organizarions with a view to securing the preservation of the natural beauty 
 of the Hudson River. 
 
 Hon. John Bigelow 
 Henry E. Gregory. 
 
 Hon. Alton B. Parker, Chairman. 
 
 Frederick S. Lamb. 
 Hon. B. B. Odell, Jr 
 (Continued on next page) 
 
156 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hudson River Scenery Committee — Cominued 
 
 Hon. Samuel Parsons. Major-General Charles F. Roe. 
 
 Edward L. Partridge, M.D. Col. Herbert L. Satterlee. 
 
 Hon. George W. Perkins. Francis Lynde Stetson. 
 
 Hon. Thomas R. Proctor. Col. John W. Vrooman. 
 
 Herman Ridder. Hon. J. Du Pratt White. 
 
 Illuminations Committee 
 To have oversight and control of the operations of the Official Illu 
 general illumination by public authorities and private individuals. 
 
 Hon. William Berri, Chairman. 
 Captain Richard H. Greene. Henry W. Wetmore. 
 
 Hon. William F. Sheehan. Fred C. Whitney. 
 
 Invitations Committee 
 To have engraved and issued to guests of honor the official invitations issued in the name of the 
 Commission. 
 
 Hon. Joseph H. Choate, Chairman. 
 Hon. A. T. Clearwater. General Horace Porter. 
 
 Hon. Charles S. Francis. The President, ex-officio. 
 
 Hon. Levi P. Morton. The Secretary, ex-officio. 
 
 Hon. Alton B. Parker. 
 
 Inwood Park Committee 
 
 To secure the creation of a public park at Inwood Hill in the City of New York. 
 John E. Parsons, Chairman. 
 Reginald P. Bolton. Eben E. Olcott. 
 
 William J. Curtis. Hon. George W. Perkins. 
 
 George F. Kunz, Ph.D., Sc.D. Col. Henry W. Sackett. 
 
 Law and Legislation Committee 
 
 To pass upon questions of law arising in the course of the business of the Commission; and to 
 draft and secure such legislation as may be necessary to carry out the Commission's objects. 
 
 Francis Lynde Stetson, Chairman. 
 Hon. James M. Beck. Hon. John G. Milburn. 
 
 William J. Curtis. John E. Parsons. 
 
 Theodore Fitch. Nelson S. Spencer. 
 
 Col. WilUam Jay. The President, ex-of5cio. 
 
 Lectures Committee 
 To arrange for the delivery of free public lectures bearing on the history of the Hudson River 
 under the auspices of the Board of Education of the City of New York, during Celebration week. 
 
 Henry M. Leipziger, Ph.D., LL.D., Chairman. 
 Richard B. Aldcrofft, Jr. Edward Hagaman Hall, L.H.D. 
 
 Com. Herbert L. Bridgman. Henry L. Stoddard. 
 
Committees of the Commission 
 
 "57 
 
 Legislative Entertainment Committee 
 
 To arrange for the entertainment of the members of the Legislature. 
 Francis Lynde Stetson, Chairman. 
 Hon. J. P. Allds. Hon. Edwin A. Merritt, Jr. 
 
 Hon. George W. Brown. Hon. John Raines. 
 
 Hon. Daniel D. Frisbie. Herman Ridder. 
 
 Hon. James J. Frawley. Hon. Myron Smith. 
 
 Hon. Joseph M. Fowler. Hon. James W. Wadsworth, Jr. 
 
 Hon. WilUam J. Grattan. 
 
 Lower Hudson Committee 
 
 To arrange for local celebrations along the Hudson River between New York and Newburgh. 
 
 Hon. Nathan A. Warren, Chairman. 
 
 Clarence E. Leonard, Secretary. 
 
 Hon. Clarence E. Powell. 
 
 Hon. John E. Andrus. 
 Hon. James K. Apgar. 
 Hon. M. S. Beltzhoover. 
 Hon. Thomas \V. Bradley 
 Hon. William P. Bugbee. 
 Hon. J. H. Clarkson. 
 Hon. John H. Coyne. 
 Theodore Fitch. 
 Hon. John Gross. 
 Hon. John M. Hasbrouck, 
 Hon. Benjamin Howe. 
 Hon. Thomas H. Lee. 
 Hon. Clarence Lexow. 
 Hon. Thomas Lynch. 
 Creswell MacLaughlin. 
 Hon. Charles McElroy. 
 Hon. Frank V. Millard. 
 Hon. W. H. Myers. 
 Gordon H. Peck. 
 Hon. E. L. Post. 
 
 Hon. Cornelius A. Pugsley. 
 Hon. George G. Raymond. 
 Col. Hugh L. Scott, U. S. A. 
 Hon. Frederick W. Seward. 
 Hon. Theodore H. Silkman. 
 Hon. Isaac H. Smith. 
 Wesley J. Springstead. 
 Hon. Charles E. Storms. 
 Hon. Leslie Sutherland. 
 Hon. .'\rthur C. Tucker. 
 Hon. Albert W. Twiggar. 
 Michael J. Walsh. 
 Hon. W. L. Ward. 
 Hon. J. Du Pratt White. 
 Edward C. Wilson. 
 Hon. John Wirth. 
 J. S. Wood. 
 Hon. F. G. Zinsser. 
 
 Manhattan Committee 
 
 To represent the interests of the Manhattan Citizens' Committe 
 Fulton Celebration Commission and to secure cooperation bet? 
 Commission. 
 
 the meetings of the Hudson- 
 that Committee and this 
 
 Hon. Jo; 
 Eli< 
 
 Hon. Reginald S. Doull. 
 Hon. Frank L. Dowling. 
 Hon. Patrick F. Flynn. 
 Hon. Wm. P. Kenneally. 
 Hon. Patrick F. McGowan. 
 
 ;ph H. Choate, Chairman. 
 ' Tuckerman, Secretary. 
 
 Hon. John J. F. Mulcahy. 
 
 Hon. Percival E. Nagle. 
 
 Hon. Joseph Schloss. 
 
 Hon. George J. Schneider. 
 
 Hon. Timothy P. Sullivan. 
 
1 158 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Medal Committee 
 To arrange for the striking of the official commemorative medal; to attend to the presentation of 
 such copies as are given gratuitously to distinguished rulers; and to attend to the sale of copies 
 otherwise disposed of to the members of the Commission or the pubh'c. 
 Henry W. Cannon, Chairman. 
 Edward D. Adams, LL.D., rice-Chairman. 
 Archer M. Huntington. Charles H. Niehaus. 
 
 August F. Jaccaci. Hon. Samuel Parsons. 
 
 John La Farge, LL.D. C. Y. Turner. 
 
 Frank D. Millet. 
 
 Memorials Committee 
 
 To consider and make recommendations to the Trustees concerning projects to e 
 and tablets which seek the official endorsement of the Commission; to cooperate 
 of such projects as are approved by the Commission; to attend to the erection of such monuments 
 or tablets as may be ordered by the Commission itself; to arrrange for the issue of commemorative 
 coinage, postage stamps, and post-cards; and to attend to the printing of a souvenir program if 
 one be authorized by the Trustees. 
 
 Tunis G. Bergen, Chairman. 
 Frederick S. Lamb, Vice-Chairman. 
 Walter Cook. John Jay McKelvey. 
 
 Cleveland H. Dodge. William C. Muschenheim. 
 
 Dr. James Douglas. Hon. George W. Perkins. 
 
 Samuel V. Hoffman. Hon. Oscar S. Straus. 
 
 Col. William Jay. Hon. William R. Willcox. 
 
 Hon. Seth Low. 
 
 Military Parade Committee 
 
 To arrange for the Military Parade on Thursday, September 30, in all its details. 
 Major-General Charles F. Roe, Chairman. 
 Capt. C. A. Du Bois. Gen. Horace Porter. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. F. D. Grant, U. S. A. Lieut. -Col. Arthur F. Schermerhora. 
 
 Gen. Anson G. McCook. Col. Hugh L. Scott, U. S. A. 
 
 Gen. A. L. Mills, U. S. A. Brig.-Gen. George Moore Smith. 
 
 Music Festivals Committee 
 
 To arrange for Music Festivals to be held in New York City. 
 
 Hon. Gustav Lindenthal, Chairman. 
 Henry Fuehrer. Gustav Scholer, M.D. 
 
 Theodore Henninger. Hon. Charles A. Schieren. 
 
 Gen. Horatio C. King. Oscar R. Seitz. 
 
 Louis C. Raegener. 
 
 Naval Parade Committee 
 
 To be responsible in the first instance for the proper reception of the American and Foreign naval 
 vessels attending on the invitation of the Commission; to plan and make the preliminary arrange- 
 ments for the construction of the facsimile of the Clermont, which is to be turned over to the Cler- 
 mont Committee when completed; and to arrange for and conduct the Naval Parades at New York 
 City and from New York to Newburgh. 
 
 (Continued on next page) 
 
Committees of the Commission 1 1 59 
 
 Naval Parade Committee — Continued 
 
 (In these parades the Half Moon and Clermont Committees will be subject to the directions of 
 the Naval Parade Committee.) 
 
 Captain Jacob W. Miller, Chairman. 
 Constructor Wm. J. Baiter, U. S. N. Rear-Admiral George W. Melville, U. S. N. 
 
 Emil L. Boas. Capt. J. B. Murdock, U. S. N. 
 
 Gen. Howard Carroll. Eugene F. Moran. 
 
 Robert S. Clark. Henry O. Nickerson. 
 
 Frederick Coykendall. Charles R. Norman. 
 
 Frederick B. Dalzell. Commander R. E. Peary, U. S. N. 
 
 Com. William Butler Duncan, Jr. Walter B. Pollock. 
 
 John M. Emery. Louis T. Romaine. 
 
 Charles E. Heitman. Brig.-Gen. George M. Smith. 
 
 August F. Jaccaci. Hon. Henry Smith. 
 
 Henry L. Joyce. Hon. Allen N. Spooner. 
 
 Cari W. Jungen. Col. Robert M. Thompson. 
 
 George F. Kunz, Ph.D., Sc.D. Lieut.-Com. Aaron Vanderbilt. 
 
 Hon. William Loeb, Jr. Capt. Aaron Ward, U. S. N. 
 
 Hon. William J. McKay. 
 
 New Jersey Committee 
 
 To encourage and arrange for the participation of the citizens of New Jersey in the Celebration. 
 Hon. Edward C. Stokes, Chairman. 
 William G. Besler. Hon. Franklin Murphy. 
 
 Henry H. Doremus. Hon. John Dyneley Prince. 
 
 Hon. John F. Dryden. John H. Ramsey. 
 
 Matthew C. Ely. Wallace M. Scudder. 
 
 Hon. John W. Griggs. Hon. Foster M. Voorhees. 
 
 Thomas J. Hillery. Hon. George T. Werts. 
 
 William T. Hunt. Hon. H. Otto Wittpenn. 
 
 James Kemey. 
 
 Nominations Committee 
 
 To consider and make to the Trustees recommendations concerning nominations for membership 
 on the Commission; to make nominations of Trustees for election at the annual meeting to be held 
 on the first Wednesday after the first Monday in May, and to fill vacancies; and to make nominations 
 of Officers to be elected by the Trustees at their meeting on the fourth Wednesday in May. 
 
 Theodore Fitch, Chairman. 
 William J, Curtis. Col. John W. Vrooman. 
 
 Col. Henrj' W. Sackett. The President, es-officio. 
 
 Official Literary Exercises Committee 
 
 To arrange for the Official Literary Exercises on Tuesday evening, September 28. 
 Gen. James Grant Wilson, Chairman. 
 Russell Benedict. Ogden Livingston Mills. 
 
 Reginald P. Bolton. Francis Lynde Stetson. 
 
 Edward De Witt. Edmund Wetmore. 
 
 Edward Hagaman Hall, L.H.D. Albert Ulmann. 
 
ii6o 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 To 
 
 in those of the carnival 
 
 Louis A. Ames. 
 George C. Batcheller, I 
 Marcus Benjamin. 
 Edward De Witt. 
 
 Patriotic Societies Committee 
 
 the furtherance of patriotic societies in the exercises of ihe Celcbrai 
 
 I historical parades. 
 
 Theodore Fitch, Chairman. 
 
 Morris P. Ferris. 
 D. Clarence E. Leonard. 
 
 Charles A. Schermerhorn. 
 
 Edmund Wetmore. 
 
 ad particularly 
 
 Plan and Scope Committee 
 
 To consider and make recommendations concerning the general plan and scope of the Celebration. 
 Hon. Frederick W. Seward, Chairman. 
 
 Hon. James M. Beck. 
 
 
 
 
 Col. Willis L. Ogden. 
 
 Tunis G. Bergen. 
 
 
 
 
 Eben E. Olcott. 
 
 Hon. William Berri. 
 
 
 
 
 John E. Parsons. 
 
 M. C. D. Borden. 
 
 
 
 
 Hon. Cornelius A. Pugsley. 
 
 Hon. Robert W. de Forest. 
 
 
 
 
 Norman B. Ream. 
 
 L. F. Dommerich. 
 
 
 
 
 Herman Ridder. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. F. D. Grant, U. S. 
 
 A. 
 
 
 
 Francis Lynde Stetson. 
 
 B. J. Greenhut. 
 
 
 
 
 Lieut.-Com. Aaron Vanderbilt. 
 
 George F. Kunz, Ph.D., Sc.D 
 
 
 
 
 Cornelius Vanderbilt. 
 
 Hon. Seth Low. 
 
 
 
 
 Samuel B. Ward, M.D. 
 
 Hon. William McCarroll. 
 
 
 
 
 Gen. James Grant Wilson. 
 
 J. Pierpont Morgan, LL.D. 
 
 
 
 
 The President, ex-officio. 
 
 Public 
 
 Health and Convenience Committee 
 
 To promote, during Celebration week. 
 
 by me. 
 
 ins of circulars, placards, bureaux of information, 
 
 and other means, the health, comfort 
 
 and 
 
 1 conve 
 
 nience of the out-door public, and particularly of 
 
 strangers unfamiliar with the faciHtie; 
 
 !0f 1 
 
 the Cit 
 
 
 
 Euger 
 
 leH 
 
 :. Ports 
 
 ■s, M.D., Chairman. 
 
 R. B. Aldcrofit, Jr. 
 
 
 
 
 Le Roy W. Hubbard, M.D. 
 
 Gorham Bacon, M.D. 
 
 
 
 
 Charles W. Lefler. 
 
 George Wm. Ballou. 
 
 
 
 
 Abraham Levy. 
 
 James C. Bayles, Ph.D. 
 
 
 
 
 Nathan Newman. 
 
 John F. Calder. 
 
 
 
 
 Percy B. O'Sullivan. 
 
 John J. Cavanagh. 
 
 
 
 
 William N. Shannon. 
 
 E. D. Cummings. 
 
 
 
 
 Franklin D. Roosevelt. 
 
 Gen. F. E. Davis. 
 
 
 
 
 George W. Sweeney. 
 
 George F. Gregory. 
 
 
 
 
 Irving Townsend, M.D. 
 
 Benjamin F. Hamilton. 
 
 
 
 
 
 To promote public safety dui 
 ig stands and lines of march, i 
 
 Public Safety Committee 
 jg Celebration week by arranging for the proper policing of review- 
 id by such other means as may be necessary. 
 Hon. William McCarroll, Chairman. 
 Abraham Abraham. James P. Holland. 
 
 Hon. Thomas W. Bradley. Jacob Katz. 
 
 William C. Demorest. Charies W. Lefler. 
 
 (Continued on next page) 
 
Committees of the Commission 
 
 I i6i 
 
 Hon. Warner Miller. 
 Orrel A. Parker. 
 Samuel H. Parsons. 
 Charles H. Strong. 
 Hon. Theodore Sutro 
 
 To represent the int 
 son-Fulton Celebratio 
 
 Public Safety Committee— ConiinueJ 
 
 Hon. Charles G. F. Wahle. 
 Charles W. Wetmore. 
 W. E. Woolley. 
 James A. Wright. 
 
 Henry L. Bogert. 
 Hon. Garret J. Garretst 
 Hon. H. S. Harvey. 
 Ralph Peters. 
 
 Queens Committee 
 
 rests of the Queens Borough Citizens' Committe 
 1 Commission and to secure cooperation betwi 
 
 Louis Windmuller, Chairman. 
 
 Hon. L. Bradford Prin 
 Charles M. Pratt. 
 George W. Pople. 
 
 1 the meetings of the Hud- 
 that Committee and the 
 
 To represent the Commission ii 
 at the expense of the Commission 
 and otherwise look out for their ( 
 
 George 
 Hon. John G. Agar. 
 John D. Archbold. 
 Col. John Jacob Astor. 
 Hon. James M. Beck. 
 James Gordon Bennett. 
 Tunis G. Bergen. 
 Hon. WilUam Bern. 
 Hon. Frank S. Black. 
 G. Louis Boissevain. 
 Hon. A. J. Boulton. 
 George Sullivan Bowdoin. 
 Hon. John J. Brady. 
 Hon. M. Linn Bruce. 
 Henry W. Cannon. 
 Hon. Jacob A. Cantor. 
 Andrew Carnegie. 
 Gen. Howard Carroll. 
 Hon. Joseph H. Choate. 
 John Claflin. 
 
 Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke. 
 Hon. J. H. Clarkson. 
 Rev. Edward B. Coe, D.D. 
 Howland S. Davis. 
 E. S. A. De Lima. 
 WiUiam C. Demorest. 
 William Butler Duncan, Sr. 
 Henry L. Einstein. 
 
 Reception Committee 
 
 1 the formal reception of official guests who are t^ 
 ; to provide the necessary hotel accommodations for such guests 
 omfort and pleasure. 
 Seth Low, LL.D., Chairman. 
 C. Batcheller, LL.D., Vice-Chairman. 
 
 Hon. Smith Ely. 
 
 Samuel W. Fairchild. 
 
 Most Rev. John M. Farley. 
 
 Theodore Fitch. 
 
 Hon. Charles S. Francis. 
 
 Capt. A. B. Fry. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Frederick D. Grant, U. S. A. 
 
 Right Rev. David H. Greer, D.D. 
 
 H. A. Hallett. 
 
 Hon. Warren Higley. 
 
 Hon. David B. Hill. 
 
 Samuel V. Hoffman. 
 
 Hon. Henry E. Howland. 
 
 Gen. Thomas H. Hubbard. 
 
 August F. Jaccaci. 
 
 Col. William Jay. 
 
 George F. Kunz, Ph.D., Sc.D. 
 
 Charles R. Lamb. 
 
 Henry M. Leipziger, Ph.D., LL.D. 
 
 Hon. Gustav Lindenthal. 
 
 Hon. Chester S. Lord. 
 
 Hon. Phineas C. Lounsbury. 
 
 Hart Lyman. 
 
 Col. Arthur MacArthur. 
 
 William Allen Marble. 
 
 Hon. William McCarroU. 
 
 Col. John J. McCook. 
 (Continued on nest page) 
 
I 1 62 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Reception Committee — Continued 
 
 Hoo. George B. McCIellan. 
 
 Hon. St. Clair McKelway. 
 
 Rear Admiral G. W. Melville, U. S. N. 
 
 Rev. H. Pereira Mendes. 
 
 Hon. John G. Milburn. 
 
 Capt. Jacob W. Miller. 
 
 Ogden Mills. 
 
 J. Pierpont Morgan, LL.D. 
 
 Fordham Morris. 
 
 Hon. Levi P. Morton. 
 
 Adolph S. Ochs. 
 
 Col. Willis L. Ogden. 
 
 Eben E. Olcott. 
 
 Hon. Alton B. Parker. 
 
 Hon. Herbert Parsons. 
 
 John E. Parsons. 
 
 Hon. Samuel Parsons. 
 
 Gordon H. Peck. 
 
 Hon. N. Taylor Phillips. 
 
 Eugene H. Porter, M.D. 
 
 Gen. Horace Porter. 
 
 Thomas R. Proctor. 
 
 Hon. C. A. Pugsley. 
 
 Eugene Lamb Richards, Jr. 
 
 Herman Ridder. 
 
 John D. Rockefeller. 
 
 William Rockefeller. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Charles F. Roe. 
 
 Col. Henry W. Sackett. 
 
 Col. Herbert L. Satterlee. 
 
 President Jacob Gould Schurman. 
 
 Isaac N. Seligman. 
 
 Hon. Frederick W. Seward. 
 
 Hon. Edward M. Shepard. 
 
 Francis Lynde Stetson. 
 
 Hon. Edward C. Stokes. 
 
 Melville E. Stone. 
 
 Samuel Straus. 
 
 Hon. Oscar S. Straus. 
 
 Charles H. Strong. 
 
 Hon. Timothy P. Sullivan. 
 
 Henry W. Taft. 
 
 William B. Van Rensselaer. 
 
 J. Leonard Varick. 
 
 Col. John W. Vrooman. 
 
 Samuel B. Ward, M.D. 
 
 Hon. Nathan A. Warren. 
 
 Hon. William R. Willcox. 
 
 George T. Wilson. 
 
 Gen. James Grant Wilson. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Leonard Wood, U. S. A. 
 
 Gen. Stewart L. Woodford. 
 
 Hon. Timothy L. Woodruff. 
 
 Religious Services Committee 
 To take such steps as may be necessary, by correspondence, circular or public appeal, to secure 
 appropriate religious observances. 
 
 Hon. John G. Agar, Chairman. 
 Hon. E. W. Bloomingdale. Thomas Addis Emmet, M.D. 
 
 Hon. M. Linn Bruce. Hon. James J. Fitzgerald. 
 
 Paul D. Cravath. George A. Plimpton. 
 
 Robert Fulton Cutting. Warner Van Norden. 
 
 Richmond Committee 
 
 To represent the interests of the Richmond Citizens' Committee in the meetings 
 
 Fulton Celebration Commission 
 
 the Hudson- 
 peration between that Committee and this 
 
 Eugene Lamb Richards, Jr., Chairman. 
 Hon. George Cromwell. Hon. David S. Rendt. 
 
 Stony Point Committee 
 
 To arrange for the ceremonies at Stony Point. 
 
 H. K. Bush-Brown. 
 
 George F. Kunz, Ph.D., ScD. 
 
 Gordon H. Peck, Chairman. 
 
 Hon. Thomas H. Lee. 
 
Committees of the Commission 
 
 1 163 
 
 Transportation Committee 
 
 To arrange with railroads and steamboat lines for proper transportation facilities and favorable 
 
 rates of fare. 
 
 Charles H. Armatage. 
 
 George F. Baer. 
 
 Vernon H. Brown. 
 
 William C. Brown. 
 
 E. P. Bryan. 
 
 William Lanman Bull. 
 
 Cesare Conti. 
 
 William Coverly. 
 
 E. S. A. De Lima. 
 
 Hon. Chauncey M. Depew. 
 
 Paul Faguet. 
 
 Stuyvesant Fish. 
 
 Thomas Powell Fowler. 
 
 Adrian Gips. 
 
 WilUam Hartfield. 
 
 Howard Carroll, Chairman. 
 William C. Hope. 
 
 E. E. Loomis. 
 
 Hon. William G. McAdoo. 
 
 Oscar G. Murray. 
 
 Ralph Peters. 
 
 Frank B. Reese. 
 
 Oscar L. Richards. 
 
 Thomas F. Ryan. 
 
 Max Strauss. 
 
 J. TerKuille. 
 
 Eben B. Thomas. 
 
 Frank Tocci. 
 
 William H. Truesdale 
 
 F. D. Underwood. 
 
 Upper Hudson Committee 
 
 To arrange for local Celebrations along the Hudson River at and north of Newburgh. 
 Hon. Arthur MacAithur, Chairman. 
 Benjamin F. Hamilton, Secretary. 
 William Wortman, Assistant Secretary. 
 
 Hon. John P. Dugan. 
 
 William P. Adams. 
 
 Wilham A. Adriance. 
 
 Hon. Arthur L. Andrews. 
 
 Charles H. .Armatage. 
 
 Hon. James C. Armstrong. 
 
 Frank N. Bain. 
 
 Hon. Frank S. Black. 
 
 Cornelius F. Burns. 
 
 Hon. Clifford Bush. 
 
 Henry K. Bush-Brown. 
 
 Hon. J. Rider Cady. 
 
 Hon. J. H. Callanan. 
 
 William M. Cameron. 
 
 Herbert Carl. 
 
 Robert W. Chanler. 
 
 Hon. A. T. Clearwater. 
 
 Frederick J. CoUier. 
 
 Hon. Charles W. Cool. 
 
 Frank Cooper. 
 
 Charles F. Cossum. 
 
 Hon. Walter P. Crane. 
 
 Rev. Robert Fulton Crary, D.D, 
 
 John H. Dingman, M.D. 
 
 Hon. William Draper. 
 
 Hon. Charles A. Elliott. 
 Hon. Philip Elting. 
 Hon. Charles H. Ford. 
 Hon. John Fridge. 
 Hon. Charles H. Gaus. 
 Hon. William J. Grattan. 
 Abncr S. Haight. 
 Hon. M. D. Hanson. 
 Robert J. Harding. 
 W. R. Harrison. 
 Hon. Gilbert D. B. Hasbrouck. 
 Hon. Eugene J. Hauratto. 
 Hon. C. W. Higley. 
 Hon. David B. Hill. 
 Hon. Michael H. Hirschberg. 
 Michael Holloran. 
 Hon. Henry Hudson. 
 Hon. John L. Hughes. 
 Winfield A. Huppuch. 
 Walter L. Hutchins. 
 Hon. Roswell S. Judson. 
 Hon. Irving J. Justus. 
 David M. Kinnear. 
 n next page) 
 
1 1 64 
 
 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Hon. Henry Kohl. 
 Hennan Livingston. 
 John Henry Livingston. 
 Robert Fulton Ludlow. 
 Robert J. MacFarland. 
 Hon. Elias P. Mann. 
 Hon. WUliam S. Massoneau. 
 Patrick E. McCabe. 
 Hon. Benjamin McClung. 
 Donald McDonald. 
 Hon. William J. McKay. 
 Arthur A. McLean. 
 Hon. John McLindon. 
 Francis J. MoUoy. 
 Hon. W. B. Mooers. 
 Hon. Frank Nichols. 
 Hon. Benjamin B. Odell, Jr. 
 William Church Osborn. 
 Hon. A. M. Patrick. 
 Bayard L. Peck. 
 Hon. Samuel K. Phillips. 
 
 Upper Hudson Committee — Con/<nae:i 
 
 Hod. William H. Phibbs. 
 Hon. John Riordan. 
 
 Hon. Louis Rosenkranz. 
 
 Hon. A. Rowe. 
 
 Hon. W. J. Rockefeller. 
 
 Hon. John K. Sague. 
 
 Hon. John Scanlon. 
 
 Hon. Matthew H. V. Schermerhorn. 
 
 Hon. Henry F. Snyder. 
 
 Hon. George V. L. Spratt. 
 
 Hon. F. Herbert Sutherland. 
 
 Peter H. Troy. 
 
 William B. Van Rensselaer. 
 
 Hon. Horace S. Van Voast. 
 
 Samuel B. Ward, M.D. 
 
 Hon. Anthony J. Weaver. 
 
 Hon. J. Fred Wehmeyer, Jr. 
 
 Hon. J. H. Wessel. 
 
 Gen. W. C. S. Wiley. 
 
 Frederick W. Wilson. 
 
 Hon. L. H. Wing. 
 
 Verplanck's Point Park Committee 
 
 To endeavor to secure the creation of a public park at Verplanck's Point by the State of New York. 
 Hon. C. A. Pugsley, Chairman. 
 Hon. James K. Apgar. Hon. Frederick W. Seward. 
 
 E. Parmly Brown, D.D.S. Samuel B. Ward, M.D. 
 
 Hon. J. Rider Cady. Hon. W. L. Ward. 
 
 Abner S. Haight. Hon. Joseph S. Wood. 
 
 Hon. Warren Higley. 
 
 Ways and Means Committee 
 
 To consider and make recommendations concerning the general financial plan of the Commission; 
 to receive and collate in budget form and to submit to the Trustees with recommendations the 
 financial estimates of Committees, to have charge of the raising of funds by public subscription 
 if such a course be decided upon by the Trustees; and to have charge of raising funds by such other 
 means as are not undertaken by the Committee on Law and Legislation. 
 
 Herman Ridder, Chairman. 
 Hon. E. W. Bloomingdale. John E. Parsons. 
 
 Frederick S. Flower. Hon. George W. Perkins. 
 
 Henry Clews. Thomas F. Ryan. 
 
 Henry C. Frick. Hon. Frederick W. Seward. 
 
 Hon. Elbert H. Gary. J. Edward Simmons. 
 
 Robert Walton Goelet. Francis Lynde Stetson. 
 
 George J. Gould. James Stillman. 
 
 Edward H. Harriman. Spencer Trask. 
 
 James J. Hill. A. G. Vanderbilt. 
 
 Hon. Patrick F. McGowan. The President, ei-ofl5cio. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION ODE 
 
 JOSEPH IGNATIUS CON5TANTINE CLARKE 
 
 REPRINTED BY REQUEST FROM 
 
 THE NEW YORK TIMES OF 
 
 SEPTEMBER 26, 1909 
 
AN ODE 
 FOR THE HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION 
 
 A 
 
 T the request of several prominent citizens we append ^''• 
 the following Ode, written by Mr. Joseph Ignatius ciarke 
 
 Constantine Clarke of New York City, printed in the 
 New York Times on Sunday, September 26, 1909: 
 
 Here at thy broad sea gate. 
 
 On the ultimate ocean wave. 
 
 Where millions in hope have entered m, 
 
 Joyousy elate, 
 A home and a hearth to win; 
 For the promise you held and the bounty you gave. 
 
 Thou, and none otber^ 
 I call to thee, spirit^ I call to thee. Mother, 
 America. 
 
 Spirit of world of the West 
 
 Throned on thy lifted sierras. 
 
 Rivers the path for thy feet. 
 
 Forests of green for thy raiment, 
 
 Wide falling cascades the film of thy veil, 
 
 Moon-glow and star-fash thy jewels, 
 
 Sunrise the gold of thy hair. 
 
 Sweet was thy lure and compelling. 
 
 Europe, pale, jaded, had palled us, 
 
 Asia, overgilded, repelled us, 
 
 Africa, desertfaced, haunted us. 
 
 Thou, when in freshness of morning, hadst called u 
 
 And wanted us. 
 
 Held us. 
 
 Over the ocean we came then, 
 Wondering, hoping, adoring^ 
 Ciilled thee our mother, kissing thy feet, 
 Kindling our love into fame, then 
 Old worlds and old loves ignoring. 
 Making new bondage sweet. 
 
 Bless us to-day, Mother. 
 
 Hark, how the bells a 
 How wind the horas, how q'mbals dash, 
 And a chorus, in mighty volume timing, 
 To tramping beat that never lags! 
 
 1 167 
 
1 1 68 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Mr. Heavily booming the cannons flash, 
 
 J. I. C. And the air is thrilled with the snapping flags! 
 
 CUrke 
 
 Where passed the grim Briton with venturing prow 
 
 In the cycles fled. 
 
 The city that stands like a fortress now, 
 
 Turreted high by the edge of the water, 
 
 America's eldest, magnificent daughter, 
 
 With garlands is twining her brow, 
 
 For joy that her laughing heart remembers 
 
 Three hundred red and gold Septembers. 
 
 To catch the glint of her proudest glance. 
 To hear the heartening music of her drum. 
 To see her banners flutter and advance. 
 Glad in the sunrise, let us come. 
 
 Not as came Hudson thro' mists of the sea — 
 Dipping and rolling his Dutch-built ship — 
 Scanning the landfall with hungering eyes 
 And close-clenched lip. 
 By morning and noon. 
 
 Creeping past headland and sand-billowed dune, 
 Wing-weary ghost of a phantom quest, 
 Steering athrill but where waters led west. 
 
 Not as when taking the sweep of the bay. 
 Sparkling agleam in the brave Autumn weather, 
 Silent of man in the new dawn aquivcr, 
 Anchored his lone ship lay. 
 Not as he sailed where the hills draw together 
 Holding his course up the broad-breasted river, 
 Only the dream of Beyond in his brain. 
 Only the seas of Cathay to attain. 
 On till the narrowed stream told him 'twas vain. 
 Then back as one baSled, undone, 
 Unknowing he'd won by the gate of the sea 
 The throne of an empire of peoples to be. 
 Peace to his dream that found ghastly close 
 Mid the sheeted wraiths of the arctic snows! 
 
 Not as came Fulton : even he 
 
 Came brooding at the level of the sea, 
 
 Elect among the genius-brood of men, 
 
 Grandson of Ireland, son of the land of Penn. 
 
 Pale-browed, nursing a great work-day dream — 
 
 Harnessing the racers of the deep to steam 
 
 Here first his Clermont turned her paddle blades, 
 
 And so, our flag above his craft unfuried. 
 
 He steamed beneath the Palisades, 
 
 The Father of all steam-fleets of the world. 
 
Appendix 1 1 69 
 
 Well may Manhattan glory in his fame, Mr. 
 
 And on her highest roster carve his name, J. I. C. 
 
 Yet, not as came he, let us come. Clarke 
 
 No: to the skie 
 
 1 mngs 
 
 Let us rise, 
 
 And come from the east with the faint red dawn 
 
 Haven and harbor are carpets of trembling gold 
 
 And the silver mist to the green hills clings 
 
 Till the mounting sun has the web withdrawn. 
 
 And behold, 
 
 The city lifts up to its height at last, 
 
 With frontage of hull and funnel and mast 
 
 In the day's full beam, 
 
 And over the sky-topping roofs in the blue. 
 
 Over the flags of many a hue 
 
 Are waving white pennons of steam. 
 
 We know thee, Manhattan, proud queen, 
 
 And thy wonderful mural crown. 
 
 With Liberty islanded there at thy knee, 
 
 Uplifting her welcome to those who'd be free. 
 
 And beckoning earth's trodden down. 
 
 We know how the waters divide 
 
 And unite for thy pride. 
 
 And the lofty bndges of steel stretch hands 
 
 To the burg on the height that stands 
 
 For thy wealth's overflow: 
 
 With the freighters creeping between. 
 
 And the slow, slanted sails slipping to and fro, 
 
 As the giants of ocean steam in and go forth. 
 
 We trace thy sUm island reach up to the north, 
 
 Its streets in arrowy distance aloom, 
 
 Its marts, its homes, its far-off tomb; 
 
 The pleasure greens dotting thy vesture of white, 
 
 And tower and steeple like spears in the light. 
 
 Lift thee, Manhattan, no peer to thy strength. 
 
 Energy crystaled in turrets of stone. 
 
 Force chained to form thro' thy breadth and thy length. 
 
 The builders' Gibraltar, the fortress of trade. 
 
 Might of the mart into monument fashioned, 
 
 Mammon translated to mountain man-made, 
 
 The clouds ever nigher and nigher; 
 
 And the clang of the anvil, the steam-shriek impassioned 
 
 Seem calling from girder and frontlet of steel 
 
 Upward thrown. 
 
 With the square-chiseled blocks. 
 
 As they build ever higher and higher, 
 
 74 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Mr. And then, for firm planting thy heel, 
 
 J. I. C. They delve ever deeper to heart of the rocks 
 
 Clarke 
 
 Deep in thy vitals the dynamos whirrmg 
 
 Are feeding thy nerves that are wires, 
 
 Thy tunnels, thy veins. 
 
 Stretch out as the human tide swerves. 
 
 And thy hidden fires 
 
 With the breath of thy bosom stirring, 
 
 Make life in the dark for thy lightning trains. 
 
 And out of it all a new beauty arising. 
 
 The beauty of force. 
 
 Winning a triumph beyond thy devising. 
 
 Height-mad and power-glad 
 
 Pinnacled, domed, crenelated. 
 
 Masonry clambering course upon course 
 
 To a glory of skyline serrated. 
 
 Lofty and meet 
 
 For the worship of all the waves laving thy feet. 
 
 Mighty, ay mighty Manhattan, 
 
 Grown, while Time counted but three arrow tnghts, 
 
 From bare strand and woodland and slow rising kiio 
 
 A handful of red men encamped on thy heights — 
 
 To the city of millions: 
 
 Of millions to ever the goal. 
 
 City whose riches are billions, 
 
 Whose might never fails, 
 
 Whom the nations from far off salute. 
 
 And the voice of a continent hails 
 
 On thy festival day! 
 
 While the cries of the multitude roll 
 
 In praise of thy marble-hewn body majestic, 
 
 Sing to me, queen, of thy soul. 
 
 Sing of thy spirit, thy mind. 
 
 Remembering then. 
 
 The kernel and not the rind. 
 
 The heat not the fires. 
 
 We shall not judge thee by thy tallest spires, 
 
 But by the stature of thy men; 
 
 Not thy great wealth of bales and casks and gold, 
 
 Nor mounting scales of what thou'st bought or sold 
 
 Shall here suffice. 
 
 But riches thine in virtues beyond price; 
 
 Not all thy beauteous daughters costly gowned, 
 
 But of thy women chastely wived and crowned; 
 
 Not all thy gold in public service spent. 
 
 But test of equal, honest government; 
 
 Not creeds or churches, tabernacles, shrines, 
 
Appendix 
 
 But faith that lives and love that shines; Mr. 
 
 Not courts and Judges multiplied, J. L C. 
 
 But Justice throned and glorified; Clarke 
 
 Thy reasons clear before the world avowed, 
 
 Not voice of easy conscience of the crowd; 
 
 Not by thy thousand colleges and schools. 
 
 But culture greater than their sums and rules; 
 
 Not by thy topmost reach of speech and song, 
 
 But by their lift to light and art that's long; 
 
 And from the mingling races in thy blood. 
 
 The wane of evil and the growth of good; 
 
 Not the high-seated but the undertrod; 
 
 The brother-love of man for man. 
 
 Ideals not ambitions in the van; 
 
 Not thy lip-worship but the immanence of God. 
 
 But we who'd mete thy steps upon the heights, 
 
 And thy soul-message ask 
 
 Know well the battles that thy day's work brought 
 
 No Greek Atlantis art thou, Plato's thought 
 
 Made sudden real; 
 
 No fair Utopia thou of mounts ideal. 
 
 Eased of thy burden and thy task 
 
 With long surmountings in the darkness fraught. 
 
 Swift thy foundations grew, but nights of tears 
 And days of dark foreboding marked thy years. 
 Here freedom battled with the tyrant's might. 
 Here Washington — Immonal One — made fight. 
 Here swung the prison ships, and here the jail 
 Whose gallows freed the soul of Nathan Hale. 
 
 The orange flag of Holland flew 
 
 Above thee for a space. 
 Then England s red for decades few 
 
 Flushed crimson in thy face, 
 Until our arms set over thee 
 
 The flag none may displace; 
 That waving free shall cover thee 
 
 While lasts the human race — 
 The flag that to the breeze we threw 
 
 When skies of hope were bare. 
 Its red our blood, the sky its blue. 
 
 Its stars our watchlights there. 
 
 Full oft the ocean harvests at thy doors 
 
 Shed sodden grain upon thy threshing floors. 
 
 The sound, sweet ears with wild tares reached thee mixed, 
 
 Long-fiied beliefs came hitherward unfised. 
 
 Long-crushed desires that freedom bids to bloom. 
 
The Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 Mr. The yoke thrown off, for lawlessness made room. 
 
 J. I. C, How could it other? Shorn of lords and guides 
 
 Clarke They pressed atow^rd thee over westering tides. 
 
 From lands of Czars and Princes still they come, 
 Some young and lusty, opcn-browed, and some 
 Oppression-stunted, famine-driven, sad. 
 All praying thee for welcome fair and glad — 
 A niche, a shelter, honest toil and home, 
 And these thou givest, Queen beside the foam. 
 
 And stout their grateful millions stand on guard, 
 Their brain and muscle working thee reward — 
 The solid Dutch, the level English strain, 
 The gifted French, our allies tried and true. 
 The German staunch, the Kelt of Ireland bold, 
 Italian fire and Spanish pride; the Jew 
 Keen-witted, dragging here no ghetto chain; 
 Each giving thee their lore, their art of old; 
 Each fired by thee with hopes and raptures new. 
 
 And Queen, thy women exquisite, 
 Thy clear-eyed maids, thy mothers pure — 
 Pledge of thy greatness sweetly to endure! 
 By these I bless thee in thy day of joy, 
 Thy wide-thrown halls, thy hospitable board, 
 Thy heart of anxious service, and the rays 
 Of kindUncss within thy bosom stored. 
 No evil shall thy graciousness destroy, 
 And 50 I bid thee with increasing days 
 No whit thy fair ambitions to abate; 
 Fulfill thy destiny of good and great. 
 
 Hark, the message of Manhattan's soul! 
 
 Comtant my soul on the hard path of duty j 
 
 Striving to win to the levels above. 
 Longing my soul in the gardens ofheauty^ 
 
 Eager my soul in the service of love, 
 Tender my soul to the angels of pity. 
 
 Humble my soul to the btarers of light, 
 Fearless my soul at the gates of the city. 
 
 Stalwart my soul for the ultimate right. 
 
 Mighty my dnams of a city imperial, 
 
 Radiant, free with an ordered lazv, 
 Rickf but with mind-gold beyond the material, 
 
 Powerful, merciful, just without flaw, 
 Thrift-strong and gentle-voiced, rippling with laught 
 
 Song-filled, and thrilled with the triumphs of art, 
 Poverty banished and now and hereafter. 
 
 Peace in my bosom, joy in my heart. 
 
FLOAT NO. I ; TITLE CAR. MUSIC, ART AND LITERATURE 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
FLOAT NO. 3: COLORS 
 
 
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 FLOAT NO. 4: SONG 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE [: 
 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
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 FLOAT NO 5: ARION 
 
 
 LCAI NU. b; CROWNrNG OF BEETHO\'EN 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
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FLOAT NO. 7: AEOLIAN HARP 
 
 FLOAT NO. 8: LOHENGRIN 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
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 FLOAT NO. 9: LORELEI 
 
 FLOAT NO. 10: DE.^TH OF FAFNER 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE [iiSi 
 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
FLOAT NO. II: QUEEN OF SHEB.^ 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
 See Chapter ,\\ll 
 

 FLOAT NO. I J: MEI6TER51NGER 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
 See Chapler XXIl 
 
 [1185] 
 
FLOAT NO. 15; TVNNHAUSER 
 
 FLOAT NO 16: FREI5CHUTZ 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
 [1,87] 
 
FLOAT NO. 17: iElGFRIED 
 
 FLOAT NO. 18: HUMOR 
 
 CARNIVAL P.A.R.ADE 
 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
 [1.S9] 
 

 
 FLOAT NO. 19: TITANIA 
 
 FLOAT NO. 20: ORIGIN OF POETRY 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE [1191: 
 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
FLOAT NO. 21: ANDREAS HOFER 
 
 FLOAT NO. 22: MARATHON 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
FLOAT NO. 23: FR05T KING 
 
 FLOAT NO. 24: WILLIAM TELL 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
 [1 193] 
 
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 FLOAT NO. ^5: MMkOD 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
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 [1197] 
 
FLOAT NO. 27: hRlTZ KtUltk 
 
 FLOAT NO. 28: HAN.5,-> 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
 [199] 
 
FLOAT NO. 29: HARVESTING 
 
 ^'^^^^, 
 
 FLOAT NO. 30: PEACE 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
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 [1201] 
 
FLOAT NO. 31 : DIAN.^ 
 
 
 
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 FLOAT NO. .32: EUROPA 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
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 [1203] 
 
FLOAT NO. 3J: HEIDELBERG 
 
 ^i^^^ '^J' 4 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
 See Chapter X\ll 
 
 [1205] 
 
FLOAT NO. 35: BAVARIA 
 
 FLOAT NO. 36: .SIRLN5 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE [1207] 
 
 See Chapter .\.\ll 
 
FLOAT NO 38: ELVES OF SPRING 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE [1209] 
 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
FLOAT NO. 39: GOOD LUCK 
 
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FLOAT NO. 41; EGI'PTIAN ART. MUSIC AND LITERATURE 
 
 FLOAT NO. 42; FATHER RHINE 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
 See Chapter \.\11 
 
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NO. 43: GERMANl/ 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
 5ee Chapter XXII 
 
 [1215] 
 
FLOAT NO. 45: FAIRIE5 
 
 FLOAT NO. 46: CINDERELLA 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 
 See Chapter XXII 
 
 [1217] 
 
FIOAT NO. 47: ORPHEUS BEFORE PLL TO 
 
 FLOAT NO. 4«: GOD OF THE ALPS 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE 
 See Chapter Wll 
 
 [1219] 
 
FLOAT NO 49: A\ \LANCHE OF FREEDOM 
 
 FLOAT NO. 50: UNCLE 5AM WELCOMING THE NATIONS 
 
 CARNIVAL PARADE [i 
 
 5ee Chapter XXII 
 
DEDICATIONS: ' TABLET TO DUICH 5CHOOL lEACIILRb 
 ON NEW YORK UNIVERSITY BUILDING, 
 
 WASHINGTON SQUARE. NEW YORK. [1223] 
 
 See Chapter .Will 
 
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DEDICATIONS 
 
 HUDSON MONUMENT, NEW YORK. 
 See Chapter XXV 
 

 TIME IPDlUi'Jiisaii'a^sa xyji: i-^iLvJ Ai-'uMa&ikimi^A r^ r;i 
 
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 DEDICATIONS: FORT AMSTERDAM TABLET 
 
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WHITE WITH 
 RED CENTER 
 
 (WEATHER TAVORABLE 
 FLIOHT WILL PROBABLY TAKE 
 PLACE THIS AFTERNOON 
 
 BLACK WITH 
 WHITE CENTER 
 
 /WEATHER UNFAVORABLE 
 /NO FLIGHT TODAY 
 
 WHITE OVER RED 
 
 FLIGHT WILL PROBABLY 
 TAKE PLACE WITHIN 
 THE HOUR 
 
 REID 
 
 RED OVER WHITE 
 
 FLIGHT WILL TAKE 
 
 PLACE WITHIN 
 FIFTEEN MINUTE5 
 
 CODE FLAGS 
 
 ANNOUNCING HUDSON-FULTON 
 AEROPLANE FLIGHTS 
 
 /RED OVER WHITE 
 OVER BLACK 
 
 THEY'RE OFF 
 
 AERONAUTICS: 
 
 SIGNAL FLAGS USED BY COMMISSION 
 
 See Chapter X\.\ [ l 
 
CHILDREN'S FESTIVALS IN COURT OF HONOR, NEW YORK 
 
 TWO DRILLS [1263] 
 
 See Chapter XXXII 
 
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 \ -^ ? 
 
 ■mt. 
 
 [ 1293] 
 
[ 1295] 
 
[ 1-97 ] 
 
[ 1299] 
 
[ I,»I ] 
 
[ I303 ] 
 
[ I305 ] 
 
[I307] 
 

 
 
 z 
 
 o 
 
 [ 1309 ] 
 
[ 131 1 ] 
 
ARRIVAL OF STEAMBOAT ONThORA 
 
 HUDSON CEREMONIES 
 
 See Chapter LVI 
 
 [1313] 
 
MARINES IN PARADE 
 
 INDIANS IN PARADE 
 
 HUDSON CEREMONIES 
 
 See Chapter LVI 
 
[ 1317 ] 
 
[ I3I9] 
 
[ 1323 ] 
 
[1327] 
 

 [ 1333 1 
 
TROY CEREMONIES: GOV. HUGHES AND CHILDREN 
 
 WHO ESCORTED HIM [i 
 
 See Chapler LVIIl 
 
[ 1337 ] 
 
r I.54I ] 
 
HALF MOON COURT OF HONOR AT NIGHT 
 TROY CEREMONIES 
 
 See Chapter LVlll 
 
 [1343 
 
[ 1343 ] 
 
COHOE5: Rlil ORMLL) DLICH CHURCH 
 
 See Cliapter LIX 
 
[ 1355 ] 
 
[ 1359 ] 
 
DECORATION CONFERRED UPON STEWART L. WOODFORD 
 BY KAISER WILHELM 
 
 See Chapter LXI [1361] 
 
OIL PORTRAIT OF KAISh R WIlllIlM 
 PRESENTED BY HIM TO HERMAN RIDDER 
 
 See Chapter L\I 
 
INDEX 
 
 Albany ceremonies — Continued: 
 
 Abbott, Margery Clyde, 501 
 
 Abcel, Alfred H., 348 
 
 Abeel, Mrs. John H., 457, 460, 464 
 
 Abelis, Leo, 369 
 
 Abenseth, D., 370 
 
 Abraham, Abraham, 724, 1137, I151, I160 
 
 Accidents, few, 877 
 
 Acker, William C, 11 37 
 
 Adae, Charles F., 221 
 
 Adam, James N., 1137, 1153 
 
 Adams, Andrew L., 209 
 
 Adams, Edward D., 76, 1137, 1150, 1151, 
 
 .158 
 Adams, Herbert, 25, 1137, 1150, 1155 
 Adams, John Quincy, 270, 333 
 Adams, Misses, 1071 
 Adams, Thatcher M., 179 
 Adams, Mrs. W. H., 182 
 Adams, William P., 1084, 1137, 1163 
 Addington, George, 1016, 102 1 
 Addison, C. L., 209 
 Adelphi College, 718 
 Adirondacks, 408 
 Adolf, Melinda, 504 
 Adriance, W. A., Jr., 311 
 Adriance, William A., 940, 1137, 1163 
 ^olian Harp, float, described, 374; picture. 
 
 Aeronautical Exhibitions, 486; illustrations. 
 
 Abbott 
 
 Qim'ltee, work, 486; members 
 
 1241-1255 
 
 Aeronautics c 
 1 149 
 
 Agar, John G., charter member, 25; charter 
 trustee, 27; on Capt. Miller's staff, 206; 
 chairman of Religious Services committee, 
 246; in Commission hst, 1137; committees, 
 1161, 1162 
 
 Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe, 263 
 
 Aguala, Manuel, guest, 143; speaks at official 
 reception, 276 
 
 Ahearn, John F., 151 
 
 Aikraan, Robert, Jr., 21S 
 
 Ainsworth, Danforth E., 1016 
 
 Aitken, Ernest, 501 
 
 Aitken, James, 500 
 
 Aken, Raymond L., 502 
 
 Akkerman, T., 845 
 
 Albany ceremonies, allocation of funds, 928; 
 local history, io!5; committees, 1015; sub- 
 scriptions, 1016; pubUc safeti-, 1017; decora- 
 tions, 1017; religious services, 1018, 1046; 
 historical exhibit, 1019; military camp, 1019; 
 
 school exercises, 1020; aquatic sports, 1020; 
 
 automobile parade, 102 1; fraternal parade, 
 
 1021; arrival of fleet, 1023; reception at Fort Ambrozy 
 
 Orange Club, 1027; welcome parade, 1027; 
 
 fireworks, 1030; banquet, 1030. Illustrations: 
 
 State street, looking west, 1319; comer of 
 
 State street and Broadway, 1321; arrival of 
 
 distinguished guests, 1323; Mayor Snyder 
 
 giving address of welcome, 1325; living flag, 
 
 1327; Gov. Hughes and others reviewing 
 
 parade, 1329; Holland Hudson-Fulton 
 
 Societ)' in parade, 1331 
 
 Albany Institute of Arts and Sciences, given 
 stereopticon views, 718 
 
 Albeke, Frederick, 841 
 
 Albers, Paul, 364, 366 
 
 Albert, F. P. secretary of Hudson River Scenery 
 committee, 1106; signs pubhc appeal, 1109 
 
 Albing, Herbert L., 502 
 
 Albree, Mrs. Chester B., 182 
 
 Albridge, Gilbert, 503 
 
 Aicorta, President Jose Figuerao, receives gold 
 medal from Commission, 11 30; his reply, 
 1131 
 
 Aldcrofft, R. B., 25, I137, 1156, 1160 
 
 Alden, George M., 1069 
 
 Aldermanic committee, work, 886, 887; mem- 
 bers, 1149 
 
 Aldermanic cooperation, 886 
 
 Alexanc'er, C. B., 1050, 1070 
 
 Alexander, Mrs. Charles B., 855 
 
 Aleian.:er, W. T., 386 
 
 Alker, .Alphonse H., 1137, 1149 
 
 Alker, J. "" 
 
 '57 
 
 229; 
 
 87 
 
 Alld , Jotham P., 150, 1137, 1 
 Allen, Frederick H., 1137 
 Allen, Hugh, 504 
 Allen, James, 487 
 Allen, Victor M., 106$ 
 Alley, Charies R., 280 
 Allison, George S., 902 
 Allnatt, Charles, 501 
 Almada, Captain, guest, 145 
 
 banquet, 31C, 334 
 Alps, God of the, float, described, 38: 
 
 1219 
 Alsberg, Goldberg & Co., 239 
 Alsberg, S., guest, 147 
 Altman, Benjamin, 25, 179, I137, II 
 Alton, Francis C, 146 
 Alva, Duke of, 337, 471 
 Ambrozy, Louis, 148, 855, 859, 867 
 565 
 
1366 
 
 Index 
 
 Amend & Amend, counsel to Commission, 34; 
 ^Q services recognized, 34 
 
 _ American Geographical Society exhibition, 69, 
 
 Badge ,8^_ ,^5 
 
 American Museum of Natural History, 69, 183, 
 
 195, 196, 718 
 American Numismatic Society, 76 
 American Petroleum Company, 239 
 American Scenic and Historic Preservation 
 
 Society, 17; exhibition, 70, 1S8; monument, 
 
 384, 443; at Stony Point, 457; other mention, 
 
 395,403,446, 718, 778 
 American Society of Mechanical Engineers 
 
 exhibition, 69, 185, 189, 195 
 Ames, Louis Annin, 25, 84, 85, 427, 11 37, 1150, 
 
 1160 
 Amoruso, Carmelo, 477 
 
 Amsterdam, Mayor of, see Van Leeuwen, W. F. 
 Amsterdam Deli Tobacco Company, 239 
 Amsterdamsche Bank, 239 
 Ancient Order of Hibernians, 289, 290 
 Anders, Paul, 367 
 Anderson, Charles W., 1137 
 Anderson, Bertha C, 503 
 Anderson, William D. A., 180 
 Andrae, P. H., 1084 
 Andre, John, float described, 300; picture of 
 
 float, 661 ; mentioned, 746 
 Andrews, A. C, 312 
 Andrews, Arthur L., auditor for Albany, 929; 
 
 on Albany committee, 1015; other mention, 
 
 1137, 1163. 
 Andromeda, float, described, 377; picture, 1197 
 Andnis, John E., 25, 912, 11 37, 11 57 
 Anguirre-Acha, Jose, guest, 151 
 Ansheles, Joseph, 502 
 
 Apgar, James K., 25, no6, 1137, 1157, 1164 
 Apollo Club, 834 
 Appleton, Daniel, 348, 446, 448 
 Appropriations, State, 28, 30, 31, 32, 45 et seq.; 
 
 New York City, 33, 45 et seq., 885 
 Aquarium exhibition, 70, 190, 195 
 Aquatic Sports, program, 305; at New York, 
 305, 307; at Yonkers, 306, 309; at Newburgh, 
 308, 309, 310, 311, 312; at Albany, 1020 
 Aquatic Sports committee, work, 305; members, 
 
 Arai, Rioichiro, 243 
 
 Arai, Mrs., 852 
 
 Archbold, John D., 25, 1137, 1161 
 
 Archibald, Leone, 502 
 
 Architecture of New York, 251 
 
 Argentine Republic, official representatives, 
 143,145, 148, 151; at Official reception, 255; 
 ship, 145, 229; sailors in Military parade, 
 347' 35'; presented with gold medal, 1130 
 
 Arion, float, described, 374; picture, 1177 
 
 Armatage, Charles H., 1015, I137, 11632 
 
 Armbruster, Marta, 371 
 
 Armstrong, Augustus Morgan, 502 
 
 Armstrong, D. Maitland, 182 
 
 Armstrong, Donald, 501 
 
 Armstrong, George A., 1090 
 
 Armstrong, James C, 997, 1004, 1009, 1137, 
 ..63 
 
 Armstrong, Rachel, 501 
 
 Arnold, Benedict, 746 
 
 Arnold, Frederick S., 948 
 
 Arnold, J. S., 217 
 
 Arnold, Richard, 834 
 
 Arosemena, C. C, guest, 149; note of thanks, 
 167; at Brooklyn reception, 722 
 
 Arroyo, Manuel, guest, 143; speaks at Official 
 reception, 266 
 
 Art Exhibitions, list, 69; description, 174; sum- 
 mary, 195; publicarions, 196 
 
 Art, Historical and Scientific Exhibitions com- 
 mittee work, 174; members, 1149 
 
 Asbury, Francis, 791 
 
 Ascher, Charles, 370 
 
 Ash, Catherine L., 502 
 
 Ashley, James T., 759 
 
 Aspegren, John, 1 137 
 
 Astor, John Jacob, 25, 942, 968, 1137, m6i 
 
 Atkins, A. K., guest, 144 
 
 Atterbury, Mrs. Anson P., 26, 182, 1137, 
 I151 
 
 Attucks, Crispus, 745 
 
 .Aucaigne, Felix, 152 
 
 Auditing committee, work, 46; members, 1150; 
 Upper Hudson Auditing committee, 929 
 
 Audit Company of New York, audit of accounts, 
 47 et seq. 
 
 Audit of accounts, 47 et seq 
 
 Augur, Helen, 502 
 
 Austen, David E., 348 
 
 Austin, C. A., 217 
 
 Austin, Elmore F., 348 
 
 Austria-Hungary, official representatives, 148, 
 
 Austrian, Cari J., 502 
 
 Austrian citizens participarion in celebration, 
 
 363. 364. 369. 859. ^h 
 Avalanche of Freedom, float, described, 381; 
 
 picture, 1 22 1 
 Avery, D.S., 1137 
 Avery, Lillian Gladys, 502 
 Avery, Robert, 760 
 Avery, Samuel P., 182, 390 
 Avery, Stanley, 911, 917, 922 
 Axner, F. J., 900 
 Axtell, Florence, 501 
 Ayer, Jesse, 503 
 Aziz Bey, guest, 143; message of thanks, 171; 
 
 at Brooklyn reception, 722 
 
 6 
 
 Baay, E. H., 240 
 
 Backus, Clarence, 226 
 
 Bacon, Francis, 4, 431 
 
 Bacon, Gorham, 1137, 1160 
 
 Badge, Official, described, 84; picture, 523 
 
Index 
 
 1367 
 
 Badge, Flag and Poster committee, work, 84; 
 members, 1150 
 
 Badger, C. J., 145, 227 
 
 Baer, George F., 1137, 1163 
 
 Bailey, James G., 1127, 1129 
 
 Bain, Francis N., 938 
 
 Bain, Frank N., 1137, 1163 
 
 Baird, Andrew D., 1137, 1155 
 
 Baiseley, Albert, 795 
 
 Bake, H. L. A. van den Wall, 240 
 
 Bake, H. W. A. van den Wall, 240 
 
 Baker, Frances Neally, 503 
 
 Baker, George F., 11 37 
 
 Baker, R. Glutton, 146 
 
 Baker, W. D., 310 
 
 Baker, William F., 874 
 
 Baker, William H., 1137 
 
 Balboa, Vasco Nunez, 731 
 
 Balcom, Samuel, 1 137 
 
 Baldwin, Capt., 487 
 
 Baldwin, Rufus C, 1137 
 
 Baldwin, Thomas W., 348 
 
 Ballard, Arthur D., 910, 916, 917 
 
 Ballou, George W., 1137, 1160 
 
 Balzac, Honore de, 748 
 
 Balzing, Ludwig, 369 
 
 Bancher, Gerard, 430 
 
 Bancroft, Lyda, 502 
 
 Bander, Leah, 501 
 
 Bangs, Ethel P., 386 
 
 Bangs, Francis S., 390 
 
 Bangs, Mrs. Geo. D., 386 
 
 Banquet committee, official, work, 314; mem- 
 bers, 1150 
 
 Banquet, Official, at Hotel Astor, described, 314; 
 picture, 683 
 
 Banta, Theodore IVI., 16, 17, 25,724, 1137, 1154 
 
 Baptists, 789 
 
 Barber, Edwin A., 181, 182 
 
 Barbette, Brother, 349 
 
 Bard, George W., 915 
 
 BardweU, Alice, 502 
 
 Bardwell, Darwin L., 780, 792 
 
 Bardwell, Mrs. Darwin L., 778 
 
 Barends, Frederick J., 1016 
 
 Baritt, N. S., 216 
 
 Barker, Alice, 502 
 
 Barker, Wilham J., 1049 
 
 Barkley, Edmond, 1 137 
 
 Barlow, foel, 961 
 
 Barlow, Peter T., 181 
 
 Barnard, Frederick, 940 
 
 Barnes, G. H., 220 
 
 Barnes, James, 1 137 
 
 Barnes, Verne, 503 
 
 Barnes, Walter F., 349, 723, 756 
 
 Barnett, William H., 216 
 
 Barney, Pearl E., 500 
 
 Barnhill, Oliver Paul, 779, 780 
 
 Bamum, Gertrude W., 502 
 
 Bamum, Granville, 1 1 4 
 
 Barrett, Autumn, 503 
 
 Barrett, E. E., 219 
 
 Barrett, L. J., 218 
 
 Barrett, Loretto Frances, 503 
 
 Barrett, Nathan F., 392, 396 
 
 Barrett, Richard S., 1137 
 
 Barrett, R. J., 219 
 
 Barringer, Benton Elwood, 501 
 
 Barsotti, Carlo, 476, 477, 478 
 
 Barrungcr, Marjorie, 503 
 
 Barry, John C, 1137, I153 
 
 Barthman, Harry C, 349, 757 
 
 Bartlett, Franklin, 25, 1137 
 
 Bartlett, Homer, 949 
 
 Barton, Charles, 231 
 
 Bassett, Charles, 307 
 
 Batcheller, George C, 427, speaks at dedication 
 of Fort Amsterdam tablet, 431, 435, 439, 440, 
 441, 442; at Von Koester dinner, 873; in 
 Commission list, 1137; comm. 'ees, I152, 
 Ii5o, 1161 
 
 Batcheller, Mrs. George C, 873 
 
 Bates, William G., 348, 390 
 
 Batten, George W., 1137, 1153 
 
 Battershall, Ray J., 501 
 
 Battershall, Walton W., 1046 
 
 Battle, W. T., 208 
 
 Baudoine, Charles A., 1137 
 
 Bauer, Elsa, 372 
 
 Baum, Caspar, 837 
 
 Baumann, Anna, 367 
 
 Baumann, Josef, 370 
 
 Baumann, Philip, 366 
 
 Baumes, Walton L., 880 
 
 Baurhenn, Theodore, 364, 366 
 
 Bavaria, float, described, 379; picture, 1207 
 
 Bavinck, E. J. F., 240 
 
 Bavinck, H., 238, U47 
 
 Baxter, Charles, 794 
 
 Baxter, WilUam J., approves description of 
 Half Moon, 95; renders great aid in her care, 
 97; research concerning Clermont, 105; mem- 
 ber Naval Parade committee, 206; on Brook- 
 lyn Executive committee, 724; on Naval Fete 
 committee, 853; in Commission list, I137; 
 committees, 1149, I151 (2), II59 
 
 Bayer, Fred, 308 
 
 Bayles, James C, 25, 1137, 1160 
 
 Bayne, Howard R., 231, 390, 399 
 
 Beach, Chester, 84 
 
 Beach, R. J., 206 
 
 Beacon fires, a disappointment, 114; Webster 
 quoted, 255 
 
 Beal, T. R., 207 
 
 Beals, G. Ames, 502 
 
 Beard, Charles A., 853 
 
 Beard, WiUiam H., 220 
 
 Beatty, F. E., 145, 228 
 
 Beauman, James R., 1020 
 
 Beaupre, A. M., 97 
 
 Beck, Burdett B., 841 
 
 Badge 
 
1368 
 
 Index 
 
 Bird 
 
 Beck Beck, James M., calls on Gov. Higgins, 24; 
 
 {Q chaner member and trustee, 25, 27; chair- 
 
 man of Aeronautics committee, 486, 488; 
 comments on Wright's flights, 494; in Ust, 
 I i37;committees, 1149,1153, 1156,1160,1161 
 
 Becker, Etta T., 501 
 
 Becker, Minnie, 367 
 
 Becker, Louis, 371 
 
 Beckwith, G. W., 211 
 
 Bedell, A. S., 834 
 
 Bedford, E. T., 1137 
 
 Bedford, F. T., 310 
 
 Bedient, Exford L., 501 
 
 Beebe, F., 1137, I153 
 
 Beebe, W. W., 215 
 
 Beecher, Henry Ward, 746 
 
 Beecher, Margaret A., 502 
 
 Beecher, Marion, 502 
 
 Beekman, Adolf, 370 
 
 Beethoven, Crowning of, float, described, 374; 
 picture, 1177 
 
 Beggs, Frances, 502 
 
 Beha, J. A., 367 
 
 Belford, J. F., 219 
 
 Belgium, official representatives, 143, 148, 151; 
 Count de Buisseret at OtHcial reception, 256; 
 thanks for hospitality, 154 
 
 Bell, Alexander Graham, 263, 871 
 
 Bell, F. C. M., 858 
 
 Bell, James D., 724, 725 
 
 Bell, Hal, 841 
 
 Bell, Herbert, 501 
 
 Bell, Jared \V., 390 
 
 Belmont, August, 25, 207, 1137, 1155 
 
 Beltzhoover, M. S., 1137, 1157 
 
 Bender, Hilda, 501 
 
 Benedict, Mrs. Charles, 77S 
 
 Benedict, E. C, 212 
 
 Benedict, Russell, 724, 725, 1137, 1159 
 
 Bengoechea, Ramon, 152 
 
 Benjamin, A. Bedell, 115 
 
 Benjamin, Charles, 501 
 
 Benjamin, Marcus, 1137, 1160 
 
 Bennecke, Edward, 860 
 
 Bennet, William S., 89, 387, 1137 
 
 Bennett, Courtenay Walter, 152, 859, 873 
 
 Bennett, Mrs. Courtenay Walter, 852, 873 
 
 Bennett, E. L., 144 
 
 Bennett, Frank E., 1137 
 
 Bennett, James Gordon, 1137, 1161 
 
 Bennett, Jennie, 501 
 
 Bennett, Miss, 873 
 
 Bennett, Ralph Edward, 503 
 
 Bennett, Rowland K., 503 
 
 Bennington, Arthur, 477 
 
 Benson, Lucy, 504 
 
 Benson, William, 459, 900 
 
 Bensonhurst Improvement League, 758 
 
 Benthem, E. J., supervises building of Half 
 Moon, 96; guest, 147; at Newburgh, 360 
 
 Benz, Frances, 372 
 
 Benz, Lorenz, 372 
 
 Benziger, George J., 764 
 
 Berchem, Nicolaes, paintings, 179 
 
 Beresford, Charles, 858, 859 
 
 Berg, Charles E., 115 
 
 Berg, Mrs. Charles E., 115 
 
 Bergen, Aloysius, 504 
 
 Bergen, Tunis G., chairman of Memorials 
 committee, 88; promotes building of Half 
 Moon, 93; on Brooklyn Executive committee, 
 724; at Von Koester dinner, 873; accom- 
 panies Inwood Hill delegation in call on 
 Mayor, iioo; in Commission Ust, 1 137; com- 
 mittees, 1153, U54, 1158, 1160, 1161 
 
 Bergen, Mrs. Tunis G., 845, 852, 873 
 
 Berger, Theodor, 37! 
 
 Bernard, Reuben, 980 
 
 Bernard, Walter J., 208 
 
 Bernard, W. T., 217 
 
 Berri, William, charter member, 25; on special 
 testimonial committee, 39; chairman Illumi- 
 nations committee, 116, 120; suggests 
 aeronautical exhibitions, 486; on Brooklyn 
 Executive committee, 724, 725; consulted by 
 aldermen, 889; in Commission list, 1137; 
 committees, 1 149, 1 150, II51, 1 155, 1 156, 
 I160, I161 
 
 Berry, Joseph I., 794, 797 
 
 Berry, R. L., 144 
 
 Bertelli, Riccardo, 477 
 
 Bertini, Bartolom, 477 
 
 Bertram, C, 372 
 
 Bertschmann, Jacques, 152 
 
 Besler, William G., 1137, 1159 
 
 Besse, J. R., 208 
 
 Best, Walter C, 501 
 
 Betts, Judson A., 987 
 
 Beucke, Ada, 367 
 
 Beyeren, F. C. van Aersen, 240 
 
 Bicchierai, Luigi, 477 
 
 Biden, Sidney, 831, 832 
 
 Bienfait, Louis, & Sons, 240 
 
 Bigelow, E. H., Jr., 214 
 
 Bigelow, Elliott, Jr., 349, 723, 756 
 
 Bigelow, F. H., 181, 182 
 
 Bigelow, Frances Mar>', 502 
 
 Bigelow, John, 748, 1137, 1155 
 
 Bigelow, Rena, 503 
 
 Bigelow, S. Stringham, 210 
 
 Biggane, Martin L., 760 
 
 Billard, F. C, 208 
 
 Billings, Blanche P., 446 
 
 Billings, Cornelius K. G., 443, 445, 446, 449, 
 I137 
 
 Billings, Gertrude, 501 
 
 Billings, John S., 190 
 
 Bingham, Donald C, 207 
 
 Bingham, Harry B., 504 
 
 Bingham, Theodore A., I137 
 
 Bird, Charles A., 307 
 
 Bird, Clarence, 502 
 
Indt 
 
 1369 
 
 Bird, George W., 841 
 
 Bird, Laura, 500 
 
 Birmingham, J. F., 216 
 
 Birmingham, John, 115 
 
 Bischof, Elsie, 370 
 
 Bischof, Katie, 370 
 
 Bishop, J. N., 115 
 
 Bishop, Morris G., 913 
 
 Bishop, Roland B., 215 
 
 Bispham, David, 842, 843 
 
 Bissell, Mrs., 873 
 
 Bissinger, John, 369 
 
 Bitter, Carl, 415 
 
 Bixby, Harry, 501 
 
 Black, A. E., 311 
 
 Black, Frank S., 25, 27, 1049, io68, 1137, u6i, 
 
 1163 
 Black, H. V. D., 897 
 Black, Mrs. Robert C, 151, 154 
 Blair, C. Ledyard, 1137 
 Blake, Marie, 504 
 Blaney, Dwight, 181, 18; 
 Blankenheym & Nolet, 239 
 Blashfield, E. H., 84, 86 
 Blatzheim, Joseph, 920 
 Blauvelt, Benjamin L., 386 
 Bleakley, Mrs. Clarence L., 457 
 Bleecker, Catherine E., 9S0 
 Bleecker, T. Bache, 311 
 Bleriot, Louis, 4S8, 491 
 Blight, Mrs. Robert Fulton, 115, 1071 
 Blijdenstem, B. W., & Co., 239 
 Bhss, Cornehus N., 25, 1137 
 Block, Adriaen, 272 
 Blodgett, William T., 179 
 Blok, P. J., 238, 240, 1147 
 Blooker, D., 240 
 
 Bloomingdale, E. W., 25, 1137, 1162, 1164 
 Blue, V;:tor, 145 
 Bluhms, Amelia E., 501 
 Board of Education of City of New York, 184, 
 
 715 
 Boas, Emil L., 206, 1137, 1159 
 Bobbe, Anna J., 370 
 Bobbe, Sidney, 502 
 Bobzien, Hy., 367 
 Boden, Howard B., 899 
 Boden, Mildred A., 501 
 Boehler, Peter, 787 
 Boermann, Isabella A., 371 
 Boermann, Meta H., 371 
 Boerner, Carl, 368 
 Boerner, Eliese, 368 
 Bogardus, A. Frank, 997 
 Bogardus, Domine, 783 
 Bogert, Henry L., 845, 1137, 1152, 1161 
 Bohan, Josephine M., 504 
 Bohemian citizens participation in celebration, 
 
 287, 289, 506, 509, 759 
 Bohr, Charles F., 503 
 Boice, Zadoc P., 969 
 
 Boisscvain, Adolph, & Co., 239 
 
 Boissevain Bros., 240 
 
 Boissevain, Daniel G., I137 
 
 Boissevain, G. Louis, 1137, 1161 
 
 Boissevain, G. M., 240 
 
 Bol, Ferdinand, paintings, 179 
 
 Bolanos, Pio, guest, 143, 152; speaks at official 
 reception, 273 
 
 Boldoot, J. C, 240 
 
 Boldt, George C, 873, 1137, 1155 
 
 Bolivia, official representatives, 148, 151 
 
 Boiler, A. P., 16 
 
 BoUes, Eugene H., 180 
 
 Bolles, H. E., 182 
 
 Bols, Lucas' successors, 240 
 
 Bolton, Reginald P., 25, 188, 194; speaks at 
 dedication of Fort Tryon monument, 446, 
 451; at Richmond historical exercises, 780, 
 792; in Commission list, 1137; committees, 
 1152, 1156, IIS9 
 
 Bom, H. G., 240 
 
 Bonci, A., 477 
 
 Bondreau, Marie, 504 
 
 Bonesteel, A. E., 1068 
 
 Bonesteel, Howard D., 1070 
 
 Bonnett, Fred, 901 
 
 Bon Repos, David, 786 
 
 Bonsall, G. Hubert, 501 
 
 Boody, David A., 724, 1137, 1151, 1153, I155 
 
 Booth, Fred, 906 
 
 Booth, John A., 816 
 
 Booth, John H., 150 
 
 Booth, Mrs. John H., 154 
 
 Borden, M. C. D., 179, 1137, I160 
 
 Borelli, Medical Laspector, 146 
 
 Borgia, Domen, 477 
 
 Borough Citizens Committees, 41 
 
 Borst, Wesley M., 1137 
 
 Bosley, Merriman, 500 
 
 Bosman, C, 240 
 
 Bostwick, Henry A., 348 
 
 Bostwick, Olive M., 387 
 
 Bostwick, Mrs. Oviedo M., 386 
 
 Bostwick, W. W., 386 
 
 Boswell, Helen Varick, 446, 455 
 
 Botassi, D. N., 152 
 
 Boulton, Alfred J., 724, 1137, 1151, 1161 
 
 Bourne, Frederick G., 1137 
 
 Boush, C. J., 145, 228, 347 
 
 Bovard, Helen, 504 
 
 Bouvet, Alexander, 477, 1137, I155 
 
 Bovee, C. N., 873 
 
 Bovee, Mrs. C. N., 873 
 
 Bovee, Mary, 873 
 
 Bovee, Miss, 873 
 
 Bowden, .Anna M., 501 
 
 Bowdoin, George S., 1 137, Il6l 
 
 Bowen, Agnes E., 196 
 
 Bowen, G. O., 923 
 
 Bowers, G. H., 49 
 
 Bowers, Henry W., 1137 
 
 to 
 Bowers 
 
[370 
 
 Index 
 
 float, described, 
 
 Bowler Bowler, Mrs. R. B., 113 
 
 iQ Bowling on Bowling Gn 
 
 „ 296; picture, 645 
 
 "ruce Bowman, Wilbur, 504 
 
 Bowne, Dorothy, 501 
 
 Boyce, Florence A., 504 
 
 Boyd, Horace W., 1 137 
 
 Boyd, Jennie S., 503 
 
 Boyd, William A., 794, 797 
 
 Boyer, Florence V., 501 
 
 Boyle, Hope, 504 
 
 Boyle, Robert F., 147, 228 
 
 Boynton, Nehemiah, 724 
 
 Boynton, N. S., 232 
 
 Braakman, H. & Co., 239 
 
 Bracket!, Mary E., 386 
 
 Bradley, J. A., 919 
 
 Bradley, Lillian M., 502 
 
 Bradley, Ono, 501 
 
 Bradley, Thomas W., 25, H37, 1157, 1160 
 
 Brady, Eleanor G., 504 
 
 Brady, William C, 995 
 
 Brady, John J., chairman Bronx Citizens 
 Committee, 41, 793, 797, 802, 805, 807-809, 
 811, 812, 840, 1137, 1150, 1161 
 
 Brahan, James M., 504 
 
 Brainard, William J., 306, 308 
 
 Brand, Hubert G., 146, 228, 860 
 
 Brand, John, 1137 
 
 Brandle, E. O., 364, 366 
 
 Brandow, Ada, 501 
 
 Brands, Florence, 502 
 
 Brandsema, Flora R., 501 
 
 Branson, George R., 222 
 
 Braun, G., 370 
 
 Braun, G. H. C, 370 
 
 Brazil, official representatives, 148, 151; 
 thanks for hospitality, 154 
 
 Bredenberg, Oscar, 501 
 
 Bredius, A., 86, 240, 1 147 
 
 Breitenbach, William, 364, 366 
 
 Breithart, Maurice, 761 
 
 Breitwieser, Leonard L., 838 
 
 Brennan, Maty, 504 
 
 Bresler, Emma, 367 
 
 Bresler, Erich, 367 
 
 Bretschneider, Gretchen, 367 
 
 Breuchaud, Jules, 921 
 
 Brewer, David J., 150, 765 
 
 Brewer, Mrs. David J., 153, 85* 
 
 Brewer, Edwin P., 208 
 
 Brewer, John Hyatt, 834 
 
 Brewer, Newell, 501 
 
 Brewster, Alice, 501 
 
 Brewster, Charles, 1 137 
 
 Bridge, Charles F., 1016 
 
 Bridges, W. T., visits West Point, i8l 
 
 Bridgman, Herbert L., greets Half Moon and 
 Clermont, 232; on Brooklyn Executive com- 
 mittee, 724; in Commission hst, 1137; com- 
 mittees, 1 151, 1 1 56 
 
 Bridgman, Oliver B., 346 
 
 Briggs, J. E., 216 
 
 Briggs, S. Ellis, 349 
 
 Briggs, WilUam T., 1137 
 
 Brigham, Elizabeth, 501 
 
 Brinberg, Israel, 760 
 
 Brinkerhoff, H., 349 
 
 Brisbane, Arthur, 477 
 
 Brittoa, Nathaniel L. (erroneously printed 
 Nathaniel E.), 191 
 
 Broadbent, H. M., 208 
 
 Broadhead, John Roraeyn, 1038 
 
 Bronck's Treaty with the Indians, float, de- 
 scribed, 295; picture, 643 
 
 Bronx Borough celebration, 793; various events, 
 793; military and civic parade, 793; banquet, 
 797 
 
 Bronx committee, 41, 793, 1150 
 
 Bronx organizations, 795 
 
 Brooklyn boards of trade, 759, 760 
 
 Brooklyn celebration, 720; official reception 
 and ball, 721; historical and carnival pa- 
 rades, 722; official literary exercises, 724^ 
 historical parade in detail, 756 
 
 Brooklyn committee, 41; work, 720; members, 
 1151 
 
 Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, exhi- 
 bition and exercises, 69, 71, 185, 195, 196; 
 illuminated, 597; given stereopticonyiews, 718 
 
 Brooklyn League, 757, 758, 759 
 
 Borough parks, trees labeled, 69, 191 
 
 Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, 718 
 
 Brophy, J. R., 224 
 
 Brower, George V., 25, 724, 1137, 1151, I152 
 
 Brown, B. W. B., 390 
 
 Brown, Mrs. Clare H., 778 
 
 Brown, Daniel, 502 
 
 Brown, E. Parmly, 25, 11 37, 1164 
 
 Brown, Franklin Q., 896, 919 
 
 Brown, George L., 1137 
 
 Brown, George R., 910, 911, 921 
 
 Brown, George W., 1137, 1157 
 
 Brown, Gertrude, 503 
 
 Brown, Henry S., 834 
 
 Brown, J. Romaine, 386 
 
 Brown, L. H., 1137 
 
 Brown, Marcia, 501 
 
 Brown, Nelson D., 311 
 
 Brown, S. A., 211 
 
 Brown, Thomas Cook, 504 
 
 Brown, Vernon H., 1137, 1163 
 
 Brown, W.,2t8 
 
 Brown, William C, 1137, I163 
 
 Brownne, Charles, 115 
 
 Brownne, Florence, 115 
 
 Bruce, Charles E., 208 
 
 Bruce, David, 788 
 
 Bruce, M. Linn, chairman of Contracts com- 
 mittee, 34; speaks in Brooklyn, 725, 726, 739, 
 743, 749, 751; in Commission list, 1138; 
 committees, 1152, 1161, 1162 
 
Inde> 
 
 1371 
 
 Bruce, William P., 911, 911 
 
 Bruno, John, 310 
 
 Bruno, Joseph, 350 
 
 Bruyn, Augustus H., 980 
 
 Bryan, Edward P., 1138, ii6j 
 
 Bryan, Eugene, 1049 
 
 Bryant, Edith, 502 
 
 Bryant, William Cullen, 748 
 
 Bryden, WiUiam, z8o 
 
 Buchanan, John R., 842 
 
 Bucholz, R. J., 218 
 
 Buckle, Henry Thomas, quoted, 5 
 
 Buckmaster, C. W., 919 
 
 Buckner, Mrs. Thomas C, 426 
 
 Buffalo Historical Society, 718 
 
 Bugbee, William P., 891, 1138, 1157 
 
 Bulger, Charles N., 1 138, 1153 
 
 Bull, Miss, 115 
 
 Bull, WiUiam L., 26, 1138, 1163 
 
 Bullard, D. A., 1138 
 
 Bullock, Beatrice L., 501 
 
 Bullock, Charles S., impersonates Fulton, 114, 
 242; at Newburgh, 359; at Poughkeepsie, 
 947, 960, 967, 968; at Albany, 1026, 1046 
 
 Bullock, Mrs. Charles S., 115 
 
 Bullock, Mrs. Edward L., 115 
 
 Bullock, Evelyn L., impersonating Harriet 
 Livingston, 114, 242, 360, 1071 
 
 Bulmer, J. Wesley, 501 
 
 Bumpus, H. C, 184 
 
 Bungart, Helen, 502 
 
 Bunnell, George W., 289, 346, 365 
 
 Burch, Charles S., speaks at Richmond ban- 
 quet, 776; at historical exercises, 779, 785 
 
 Burgard, Henry P., 1 138, 1 153 
 
 Burger, Nathan, 900 
 
 Burgersdijk & Niermans, 240 
 
 Burgoyne, John, 438, 746 
 
 Burke, Edmund, 472 
 
 Burke, John H., 11 38 
 
 Burke, John T., 764 
 
 Burke, Miles H., 504 
 
 Burleigh, George W., 859, 873 
 
 Burleigh, Mrs. George W., 873 
 
 Burnett, Charles, 503 
 
 Burney, Marion C, 502 
 
 Burns, Cornelius F., auditor for Troy, 929; 
 chairman Troy Executive and Expenditure 
 committees, 1049; grand marshal, 1070; 
 receives letters and tributes to Troy, 1083; 
 speaks at Cohoes, 1093; in lists, 1138, 1163 
 
 Burns, Edward, 502, 834 
 
 Burns, J. Irving, 910, 1 138 
 
 Burns, John W., 209 
 
 Burns, Robert, 747 
 
 Burrill, Louis D., 503 
 
 Burrington, Vera M., 502 
 
 Burton, Mrs., 845 
 
 Buscher, Edward, 371 
 
 Buschmann, August, 371 
 Bush, Clifford N., 11 38, 1163 
 
 Bush-Brown, Henry K., 25, 457, 460, 475, 931, Bruce 
 
 932, 938, 1002, 1008, 1138, 1162, 1163 jjj 
 
 Bushey, Floyd Gardner, 502 ^ _ „ 
 
 Bushnell, Charles E., 179 CantweU 
 
 Bushnell, David, 262 
 Busse, Otto, 370 
 Butler, C. R., 308 
 Butler, E. H., 26, I13S, I153 
 Butler, Fred, 917 
 Butler, M. E., 219 
 
 Butler, Nicholas Murray, 26, S53, 859, I138 
 Butler, Mrs. Nicholas Murray, 855 
 Butler, S. Wright, 966 
 Butler, W. E., 207 
 Butterfield, Mrs. Daniel, 852, 873 
 Buttner, Henrietta F., 36;^ 
 Butts, A. C, 794, 841 
 Butts, Allison, 940 
 Butts, Florence, 501 
 Breyskes, P. J., 240 
 By-laws of Commission, x$ 
 Byver, Frida C, 372 
 
 Caarten, M. G. B., 240 
 
 Cabinet makers, Colonial, 181 
 
 Cabot, Jolin, 480, 731, 737, I125 
 
 Cadman, Edwin M., 1001 
 
 Cadman, S. Parkes, S34, 999 
 
 Cady, J. Rider, 26, 27, 997, 1138, 1163, 1164 
 
 Caesar, Julius, 324 
 
 Cahill, John J., 310 
 
 Calder, John F., 1138 
 
 Calderon, Ignacio, 148 
 
 Calderwood, John F., 834 
 
 Calendar of events, 61-74 
 
 Callahan, Mrs. Eugene J., 778 
 
 CaUan, Albert S., looi 
 
 Callanan, J. H., 26, 1138, 1163 
 
 Calvert, Grossman, 501 
 
 Calvo, Joaquin Bernardo, guest, 148; speaks 
 
 at Official banquet, 318, 335 
 Cambria, Franc P., 477 
 Cameron, William M., 113S, 1163 
 Cammann, Edward Crary, 115 
 Cammann, Mrs. Edward Crary, 115 
 Cammann, Hermann H., 115 
 Cammann, Mrs. Hermann H., ii.;, 115 
 Cammann, H. Schuyler, 115 
 Camp, Dorothy, 112, 115 
 Campbell, Edith, 500 
 Campbell, W. C, 210 
 Campbell, WiUiam F., 214 
 Canepi, Joseph, 920 
 Canfield, Richard, 182 
 Canfield, Thomas, 501 
 
 Cannon, Henry W., 26, 27, 76, 1 1 38, 1 1 58, 1 1 61 
 Cannon, James G., 385, 3S6 
 Cantine, Edward B., ioi5 
 Cantor, Jacob A., 1138, 1152, 1161 
 Cantwell, J. C, 208, 964 
 
1372 
 
 Index 
 
 Christ 
 
 Cantwell Cantwell, Joseph M., 503 
 jQ Cantwell, M. J., 913 
 
 Caperton, W. B., 145, 228 
 
 Caplan, Antoinette, 372 
 
 Carbo, Esteban, guest, 143; letter of thanks, 
 157; speaks at Official reception, 258 
 
 Carey, Charles, 504 
 
 Carhart, Amory S., 389 
 
 Carl, Harry, 504 
 
 Carl, Herbert, 969, 971, 113S, 1163 
 
 Carley, George H., 1 138 
 
 Carlin, Walter J., 349, 723, 756 
 
 Carlisle, Marjorie, 503 
 
 Carlson, Samuel A, 1138, 1153 
 
 Carlton, John H., 761 
 
 Carmody, Thomas, 1138 
 
 Carlyle, Thomas, 432 
 
 Carnegie, Andrew, Vice-President of Ter-cen- 
 tenary Committee, 18; charter member of 
 Commission, 25, 27; Vice-President of Com- 
 mission, 38, 1 1 36; signs letter to heads of 
 governments, 11 15, 11 19 et seq.; in Com- 
 mission list, 1 138; standing committees, 
 1153, 1161; other mention, 338 
 
 Carnival, origin of, 361 
 
 Carnival Parade committee, work, 361; mem- 
 bers, 1 155 
 
 Carnival parade in Manhattan described, 361 
 et seq.; serious purpose, 362; working organi- 
 zation, 363; order of procession, 365; de- 
 scription of floats, 373; carnival parade in 
 Brooklyn, 722; illustrations of floats, 1173- 
 1221 
 
 Carnivals, in Yonkers, 918; in Newburgh, 939; 
 in Hudson, 1000; in Troy, 1052; in Cohoes, 
 1094, 1096 
 
 Carnot, Lazare Hippolyte, 260 
 
 Carpenter, Lula, 503 
 
 Carr, Walter R., 503 
 
 Carrie, Julio, guest, 143; at Official reception, 
 255; mentioned, 11 30 
 
 Carroll, Howard, 206, 873, 1138; committees, 
 1150, 1159, 1161, 1163 
 
 Carroll, Mrs. Howard, 852, 873 
 
 Carse, Mrs. John, 426 
 
 Carter, Ruth, 503 
 
 Gartner, Hermione D., 503 
 
 Camso, E., 477 
 
 Carville, Miss K. J. C, 457 
 
 Casey, Mrs. Joseph J., 457 
 
 Casher, Marshall, 949 
 
 Cashin, Daniel J., 917 
 
 Cassidy, Charles A., 112, 779, 790 
 
 Cassidy, Harold, 503 
 
 Castellanos, Manuel, 147, 229 
 
 Catherwood, Anna B., 504 
 
 Catskill ceremonies, allocation of funds, 928 
 description, 986; local history, 986; com' 
 mittees, 986; subscriptions, 987; visitors, 987 
 decorations, 987; arrival of fleet, 988; exer- 
 cises at Court House, 989; Gov. Hughes' 
 
 Catskill ceremonies — Continued : 
 
 address, 991; street parade, 994; Rip Van 
 Winkle's abode, 996; fireworks, 996; ball, 
 996. Illustrations: Gov. Hughes speaking, 
 1305; Greene County Court House, 1307; 
 bridge across Catskill creek, 1309 
 
 Cattell, J. McKeen, 1138 
 
 Cavanagh, James, 761 
 
 Cavanagh, John J., I13S, 1160 
 
 Cayuga County Historical Society, 718 
 
 Chabot, Herbert D., 504 
 
 Chace, Alfred B., 997 
 
 Chambers, Jacob, 980 
 
 Chambers, Thomas, monument, 384, 971 
 
 Chambers, W. I., 145, 227, 347 
 
 Champlain, Samuel de, 946, 1124 
 
 Chandler, George, 969 
 
 Chanler, Robert W., 1138, 1163 
 
 Chapin, William H., 289, 346, 365 
 
 Chapman, A. N., 221 
 
 Chapman, Carlton T., 1138 
 
 Chapman, David, 501 
 
 Chapman, Henry T., i85 
 
 Chappell, Gen., 794 
 
 Charles, W. J., 217 
 
 Charter of Hudson-Fulton Celebration Com- 
 mission, 25 
 
 Chase, D. C, 215 
 
 Chatham, Earl, 472, 733. See also William Pitt 
 
 Chauncey, Mrs. Elihu, 182 
 
 Chauncey, George S., 834 
 
 Cheeseman, T. M., 853 
 
 Chenoweth, A. C, 390 
 
 Cherry, C. Waldo, 1055, 1090 
 
 Cherry, J. M., 217 
 
 Cherry, R. N., 217 
 
 Cherry trees presented by Japanese, 243 
 
 Chew, Beverly, 390 
 
 Chewing, Marie, 502 
 
 Chidester, Hugh S., 503 
 
 Children's Festivals committee work, 498, 505; 
 festivals described, 505; arrangement of pub- 
 lic lectures, 715; pictures of festivals, 1257- 
 1265; members of committee, 11 51 
 
 Children's Playground Association, 718 
 
 Childs, Samuel S., 1138 
 
 Childs, William, Jr., 1138 
 
 Chile, official representatives, 143, 148, 151; 
 Senor Vergara at official reception, 256 
 
 China, official representatives, 148, 151 
 
 Chinese children's participation in celebration, 
 507 
 
 Choate, Joseph H., charter member, 26, 27; 
 Vice-President of Commission, 38, 1 136; 
 chairman of Manhattan Citizens committee, 
 41; chairman of Invitations committee, 128; 
 Vice-President of Pilgrim Society, 858, 859; 
 signs letters to heads of governments, 11 15, 
 1 1 19 et seq.; in Commission list, 1138; com- 
 mittees, 1153, 1156, 1157, 1161 
 
 Christ, Philip J., 1138 
 
Index 
 
 1373 
 
 Christensen, Capt., 816 
 
 Christman, William S., 500 
 
 Christoffel, John B., 349, 723, 756 
 
 Church, John C, 503 
 
 Cillis, Hubert, 837, S60 
 
 Cincinnati, Order of, in parade, 291; float, 
 
 described, 300; picture, 663 
 Cinderella, float, described, 381; picture, 1217 
 Citizens committees, 41, 42 
 City Hall, New York, exercises, 71; illuminated, 
 
 S73 
 City History Club exhibition, 69, 187, 195; 
 children in parade, 290, 292; given stereop- 
 ticon views, 718 
 City Wall Bastion tablet, 384, 389; picture, 
 
 1227 
 Claasen, Arthur, 838 
 Claflin, John, 1138, 1161 
 Clan, Martin J. C. T., ifr 
 Clancy, Loretta A., 503 
 Clancy, Thomas M., 830 
 Clan-na-Gael Society, 291, 760 
 Clarholm, Magnus, 152 
 Clark, Charles B., 280 
 Clark, Clarence W., 916 
 Clark, Evelyn, 501 
 Clark, George H., 348 
 Clark, Gertrude, 778 
 Clark, James H., 217 
 Clark, John H., 1090 
 Clark, O. R., 899 
 
 Clark, Robert S., 206, 217, 1138, 1159 
 Clark, W. A., 179 
 Clark, William E., 502 
 Clark, William W., 11 38 
 Clarke, Caspar Purdon, 26, 1138, 1149, 1155, 
 
 1161 
 Clarke, James, 502 
 Clarke, J. I. C, Hudson-Fulton Celebration 
 
 ode, 1 165, 1 166 
 Clarke, John L., 1 138 
 Clarke, Loretto C, 504 
 
 Clarkson, John H., 906, 113S, 1152, 1157, Ii6i 
 Clarkson, Robert S., 115 
 Clausen, George C, 26, I138, 1155 
 Clauss, Fred C, 841 
 Clay, Henry, 270, 333; club, 759 
 Clearwater, A. T., 26, 182, 969, 980, 9S1, 9S2, 
 983, 985, 1138; committees, 1153, 1156, 1163 
 Clearwater, Isaac, 980 
 Cleary, Francis B., 504 
 Clemens, Samuel L., 22 
 Clements, Mrs. George H., 182 
 Clephane, Alan O., guest, 143; letter of thanks, 
 162; at Official reception, 267; at Brooklyn 
 reception, 722 
 Clermont committee, work, 105; members, 
 
 1151 
 Clermont, float, described, 302; picture, 673 
 Clermont, original, dimensions and cross- 
 section, 108; registered, 109, no 
 
 Clermont replica, research, 105; building, 105, Chris- 
 202; dimensions, no, in; keel laid, mitensen 
 launching, in; described, 113; in naval 
 parade, 229; rammed by Half Moon, 229; final 
 disposition, 245; start up the river, 354; CouOeS 
 transferred to Upper Hudson committee, 
 355, 356; proceeds to Ossining, 899; to Peeks- 
 kill, 900, 902; at Cornwall, 907; at Yonkers, 
 909; leaves Newburgh, 939; arrival at Pough- 
 keepsie, 942; at Kingston, 973; at Catskill, 
 988; at Hudson, 1000; at Albany, 1023; at 
 Troy, 1068. Illustrations: Rammed by 
 Half Moon, 551; on the ways, 557; near view 
 of stern on the ways, 559; launching, 561; 
 bell of original Clermont, 563; near view of 
 paddlewheel and machinery, 565; inboard 
 view of machinery, 567; stem view under 
 way, 569; bow view under way, 571; with 
 tugs in Naval parade, 607; party at Water 
 gate, 621; plans, on folder in pocket at end 
 of second volume. 
 
 Cleton, F. T., 240 
 
 Cleveland, Grover, 25, 27, 38, 340, 1 138 
 
 Clews, Henry, 1138, 1164 
 
 Clinton, George, 437, 954, 977 
 
 Cluett, Robert, 1068 
 
 Clute, Bertha H., 503 
 
 Clute, James S., 10S4 
 
 Clute, .Mabala, 503 
 
 Clute, Peter, 504 
 
 Clyde, Thomas, 26, 1138 
 
 Clysdale, John, 934 
 
 Coan, Mrs. de la Basfecour, 240 
 
 Coatsworth, Edward E., 11 38 
 
 Cobb, G.H., 215 
 
 Cochran, Alexander S., 1138 
 
 Cochran, C. S., 208 
 
 Cochran, Robert, 454 
 
 Cockinga, R. H., 240 
 
 Coe, Edward B., 1138, 1161 
 
 Coe, Jonas, 1057 
 
 Coello, Julio Morales, 722 
 
 Coffin, Charles A., 11 38 
 
 Coffin, J. Ross, 502 
 
 Coffin, Samuel B., 997 
 
 Coffman, D. W., 145, 227 
 
 Cogan, F. H., 216 
 
 Cogan, W. F., 216 
 
 Coghlan, Joseph B., elected Vice-President, 38; 
 death, 38, 105; Chairman Naval Parade 
 committee, 92, 105, 198; research concerning 
 Half Moon, 95; research concerning Cler- 
 mont, 105, 202; in list, 1138; other mention, 
 96, 128 
 
 Coghlan, Mrs. Joseph B., 128; guest, 150 
 
 Cohoes ceremonies, funds shared by Albany, 
 928; local organization, 1084; praise service, 
 1084; union church service, 1090; reception, 
 1091 ; night parade, 1093; visitors entertained, 
 1095; river carnival, 1096; Mayor's letter of 
 congratulation, 1096. Elustrations: City 
 
1374 
 
 Index 
 
 Cohoes 
 
 to 
 Cornell 
 
 Cohoes ceremonies — Continued: 
 
 from east side of Hudson river, 1347; the 
 falls, 1349; Van Schaick mansion, 1351; Re- 
 formed Dutch Church, 1353. 
 Cohn, Morris, 1138 
 Colbert, Elizabeth, 504 
 Cold Spring ceremonies, 905 
 Coldwell, H. C, 308 
 Cole, C. Glen, 1138 
 Cole, Gordon C, 5oz 
 Cole, Seth T., 986 
 Coleman, John C, 427 
 
 Colcnbrander, G. P. Van Hecking, guest, 147, 
 228; letter of thanks, 165; speaks at OfEcial 
 banquet, 318, 333; at Brooklyn reception, 
 722; at Holland Society banquet, 845, 847; 
 at Von Koester dinner, 873 
 Coler, Bird S., 151, 231, 232, 756, 797, 805, 
 
 S08, S09, 810 
 Colgate University, 718 
 
 College of the City of New York, exercises and 
 exhibitions, 62, 70, 71, 187, 195, 5c»; students 
 in parade, 291; given stereopticon views, 718 
 Collier, Du Bois, 997 
 
 Collier, Frederick J., 997, 1002, 1138, 1163 
 Collier, Mrs. Frederick, J., 997, 1002 
 Collier, John, painting representing Hudson's 
 
 last voyage, 529 
 Collier, Robert, 746 
 Collier, T. C, 1094 
 Collins, C. v., 1068 
 Collins, Mildred Beatrice, 50J 
 Collins, Minturn P., 386 
 Collins, Winifred, 504 
 Collyer, Moses, 210 
 CoUyer, Frank F., 211 
 
 Colombia, official representatives, 143, 151; 
 thanks for hospitality, 155; at OfEcial recep- 
 
 Colonial Dames, 189, 194, 195, 197 
 
 Colonial Home, float, described, 298; picture, 
 
 655 
 Colonial Period, float, described, 297; picture, 
 
 65. 
 
 Colonial Wars Society, 291, 384, 389, 500 
 Colors, float, described, 373; picture, H75 
 Columbia University, commemorative exercises, 
 
 71, 500; lawn fete, 203, S52; illustrations, 
 
 707, 709, 711; students in parade, 291, 372; 
 
 other mention, 407, 718 
 Columbus, Christopher, 441, 480, 731, 735, 
 
 1125 
 Colwell, Harry £.,1138 
 Comiskey, Esther, 502 
 Comly, S. P., 144, 228 
 Commemorative Exercises committee, work, 
 
 498; members, 1153. See also Calendar of 
 
 Events, 71 
 Committees and their duties, II48-1164 
 Compton, Arthur, 210 
 Comstock, John Davis, 500 
 
 Conan, Winifred L., 503 
 
 Concerts. See Music Festivals 
 
 Condon, John F., 841 
 
 Cone, Edward Payson, 395 
 
 Conklin, Clarence, 503 
 
 Conklin, Harold, 994 
 
 Conklin, H. Ernest, 503 
 
 Conkling, Lester J., 502 
 
 ConkHns, William Coast, 501 
 
 Conley, Louis D., 34S 
 
 Conlon, Katherine, 504 
 
 Connell, R. E., Jr., 503, 949 
 
 Connell, Vera F., 503 
 
 Connelly, John M., 11 38 
 
 Conners, Joseph H., 1 1 38 
 
 Conners, William J., 1138 
 
 Connery, Joseph, 504 
 
 Connolly, Charles M., 1067 
 
 Conover, F., 210 
 
 Conover, Seeley, 1 138 
 
 Conrad, Emma, 367 
 
 Conri, Cesare, 477, 1138, 1163 
 
 Contracts Committee, work, 33; members, 11 52 
 
 Converse, E. C, 26, 1138, 1149 
 
 Converse, Eloise, 501 
 
 Conway, D. E., io5S 
 
 Conway, P. J., 830 
 
 Conway, Thomas, 437 
 
 Cook, C. P., 997 
 
 Cook, E. C. 1138 
 
 Cook, Frederick A., 324; at Richmond banquet, 
 773; at Bronx banquet, 797, 802, 805; at 
 Hariem banquet, 848, 849; represented in 
 parade, 919; letter tu Yonkers banquet, 921; 
 mentioned, 752, 957, 1061 
 
 Cook, F. S., 921 
 
 Cook, Walter, 26, 415, 1138, 1158 
 
 Cooke, Olga A., 504 
 
 Cooke, Robert Grier, 1138 
 
 Cool, Charles W., 11 38, 1153, 1 163 
 
 Cooley, George D., 1067 
 
 Coombs, Willis, 502 
 
 Coon, Marcia, 502 
 
 Cooper, Fennimore, 432, 747 
 
 Cooper, Frank, 1138, 1163 
 
 Cooper, G. F., 145 
 
 Cooper, L. S., 921 
 
 Cooper, N., 209 
 
 Cooper Union, 71 
 
 Cooper, Vaughn W., 281 
 
 Cop, H., 240 
 
 Copeland, I. Seymour, 11 38 
 
 Corbin, John, 444, 454 
 
 Corbin, Margaret, 444, 446, 447, 449; biogra- 
 phy, 454 
 Corcoran, Edmund, 504 
 Cordts, John N., 969 
 Corley, Charles R., 921, 922 
 Cornelissen, Jan, 3S5 
 Cornell, Catherine A., 980 
 
 Cornell University, 72, 500, 718 
 
Index 
 
 375 
 
 Cornwall ceremoniet, 906 
 
 Cornwall committee, work, 906; members, 11 52 
 
 Corawall, division of territory, 8go 
 
 Cornwallis, Charles, 410, 436, 437, 438, 510; 
 house, 41 1 
 
 Cornwell, Frederick, 502 
 
 Coromilas, L. A., guest, 14S; letter of thanks, 
 160 
 
 Cortez, Fernando, 727, 731 
 
 Cosgro, D. J., 1084 
 
 Cossum, Charles F., 940, 943, 1138, 1163 
 
 Costa Rica, ofEcIal representatives, 143, 148, 
 151; at OfBcia! reception, 256 
 
 Cotte, Jerome G., 369 
 
 Cotton, Charles, U38 
 
 Cotton, Lydia Grace, 502 
 
 Cottrell, Edward J., 502 
 
 Coudy, Anthony, 1022 
 
 Coulter, Andrew S., 502 
 
 Court ol Honor, New York; described, 117. See 
 also Historical parade, Mihtary parade, and 
 Carnival parade; children's festivals in, 506; 
 illuminated, 577; distinguished guests, 691 
 
 Coutant, Daniel J., 934 
 
 Coutu, Beatrice, 504 
 
 Coventry, Ethel, 501 
 
 Coverly, WilUam, 11 38 
 
 Covert, Myra E., 502 
 
 Cowl, Clarkson, 312 
 
 Cowl, Donald, 311 
 
 Cowles, Col., 1032 
 
 Cowles, W. C, 145, 227 
 
 Cox, D. H., 213 
 
 Coi, Helena, 415 
 
 Cox, Mrs. Walter, 426 
 
 Cox, Mrs. Wilmot T., 182 
 
 Coykendall, Edward C, 969 
 
 Coykendall, F. E., 1067 
 
 Coykendall, Frederick, 206, 215, 853, 1138, 
 1 159 
 
 Coykendall, S. D., 969 
 
 Coyne, John H., 26, 912, 1138, 1157 
 
 Coyne, Luretto, 504 
 
 Cragie, Fred E., 987 
 
 Cramer, Lawrence S., 501 
 
 Crane, Walter P., vice chairman Upper Hudson 
 committee, 927; auditor, 929; head of Kings- 
 ion committee, 969, 975, 985; in lists, 1138, 
 1163 
 
 Crannell, Frank, 102 1 
 
 Crawford, John, 778 
 
 Crary, Amy, 115 
 
 Crary, Charles FrankHn, 114, 115 
 
 Crary, Cornelia Fulton, 115 
 
 Crary, Ella C, 114 
 
 Crary, J. D., 834 
 
 Crary, Robert Fulton, 114, 115, 1138, 1163 
 
 Crary, Mrs. Robert Fulton, 115 
 
 Crary, Robert Fulton, Jr., 115, 1138, 1151 
 
 Cravath, Paul D., 26, 27, 1138, 1162 
 
 Craven, MacDonough, 903 
 
 Curtiss 
 
 Creighton, John B., assistant to secretary for Comwafl 
 Brooklyn affairs, 43; secretary of Brooklyn ^_ 
 Citizens committee, 720, 756; on grand i 
 shal's staff, 723; secretary of Brooklyn Ex 
 tive committee, 724; in Commission hst, 1138; 
 committees, 1 150, 1 151 
 
 Cremer, J. T., presents pictures of Half Moon, 
 90; guest, 143, 147; signs document accom- 
 panying Half Moon, 237; Vice-President of 
 Netherlands Hudson-Fulton Celebration com- 
 mittee, 238; guarantor, 239; speaks at Official 
 reception, 270; at Official banquet, 318, 343; 
 other mention, 360, 845, 846, 848, 1 1 17, 1 147 
 
 Cremer, Mrs. J. T., 153, 852 
 
 Crew, Henry, 219 
 
 Crime, little, 877 
 
 Crimmins, John D., 1138, 1154 
 
 Crittenton, Emmett C, 501 
 
 Crockett, Charles W., 1049 
 
 Croes, J. J., 408 
 
 Croghan, John S., 207 
 
 Crommelin, J. W. H., 240 
 
 Cromwell, George, guest, 151; meets fleet, 230; 
 speaks, 231, 774, 780, 792; in lists, 1138, 1162 
 
 Cromwell, Oliver, 783 
 
 Cronan, Margarete, 372 
 
 Crone, E. H., 240 
 
 Cronje, General, 752 
 
 Cross, Harry, 503 
 
 Cross, Julia, 502 
 
 Cross, Lulu L., 503 
 
 Crossett, F. M., 797, 1069 
 
 Croton Water Introduction, float, described, 
 303; picture, 679 
 
 Crow, William, 440 
 
 Crowl, William B., 794 
 
 Crowley, Charles J., 349 
 
 Crowley, Charlotte, 503 
 
 Cruger, John, 430 
 
 Cruikshank, Frederick R., 1138, 11 52 
 
 Crumb, Mrs. Leverett F., 457 
 
 Cruz, Anibal, 148 
 
 Cuba, official representatives, 143, 148, 151; 
 at Official reception, 257 
 
 Cukor, Morris, 438 
 
 Cullen, George A., 1138 
 
 Cullinan, Ada, 503 
 
 Cummings, E. D., 26, 1138, 1160 
 
 Cummins, Alexander G., 947 
 
 Cunliffe-Owen, F., 858, S59 
 
 Cunningham, Cecelia, 504 
 
 Cunningham, James P., 1138 
 
 Cunningham, Justina, 504 
 
 Cunningham, William, 436 
 
 Curie, Charles, 906 
 
 Curtis, Vertna, 501 
 
 Curtis, William J., 26, 27, iioo, 1138, 1153, 
 1156', 1159 
 
 Curtiss, Glenn H., 62; engaged for air flights, 
 488; attempts to fly, 496; at Richmond ban- 
 quet, 774; picture of him in his machine, 1253 
 
1376 
 
 Index 
 
 Cutbbert Cuthbert, R. L., 510 
 to De- Cutting, Robert Fulton, 23, 1151, 1162 
 . . Cutting, Mrs. Robert Fulton, 855 
 b rancni c^^p^ Aelbert, paintings, 1 79 
 Cypiot, Ed. T., 210 
 
 Daendels, L. J., 240 
 
 Dailey, Irene M., 504 
 
 Dalarymple, Doris, 501 
 
 Daley, Dean, 943 
 
 Daley, W. J., 966 
 
 Dallmer, John, 370 
 
 Dalzell, Frederick B., 206, 214, 354, 724, I138, 
 
 1149,1151=, 1 159 
 Dalzell, Frederick B., Jr., 214 
 Dalzell, W.F., 218 
 Dararosch, Frank, 842 
 Dana, William B., 392, 396 
 Danlorth, Grace M., 503 
 D'Angelo, Capt., 478 
 Daniel, Henry C, 208 
 Daniell, John F., 389 
 Daniels, C. E., 240 
 Danish citizens participation in celebration, 
 
 287, 290, 292, 759, 760 
 Darboux, Jean Gaston, guest, 143; letter of 
 
 thanks, 158; speaks at Official reception, 259; 
 
 at Naval fete, 855; mentioned, 1123 
 Darcy, Capitaine, 146 
 Darlington, Thomas, 390 
 Darrah, Thomas W., 280 
 Darrell, E. F., 859 
 Darron, Pearl, 503 
 Darrow, J. Coleridge, 903 
 Dart, George Stanly, 503 
 Dasey, Timothy, 1138 
 Dashwood, Robert, 896 
 Dassance, Helen, 502 
 Daughters of the American Revolution, 71, 197, 
 
 384,446,971,1002,1033,1053 
 Daughters of the Revolution erect Stony Point 
 
 arch, 384, 457, 459, 460, 904 
 Davalos, Balbino, 149 
 Davidson, Mrs. Robert J., 457, 462 
 Davidson, W. J., ill, 112, 231, 1138 
 Davies, John R., 386 
 Davis.A. H., 145 
 Davis, Carrie, 502 
 Davis, Charies E., 1027 
 Davis, Charies O., 348 
 Davis, Florence, 500 
 Davis, Franclyn E., 11 38, 1160 
 Davis, F. S., 1050 
 Davis, Gherardi, 404 
 Davis, Harrie, 794 
 Davis, Henry Clay, 217 
 Davis, Howland S., 1138, I154, I161 
 Davis, John, 741 
 Davis, Pliny E., 231 
 Davis, Theodore M., 179 
 
 Davis, Ulster, 207, 942, 943, 947, 10; ^ 
 
 Davis, William P., 778 
 
 Dawsen, Marion, 501 
 
 Day, Al., 219 
 
 De Alte, Viscount, guest, 149; letter of thanks, 
 168 
 
 Dealy, D. E., 311 
 
 Dealy, Jacob H., 1138, 1153 
 
 Dean, Earle Delevan, 501 
 
 Dean, Harold, 949 
 
 Deane, J. Henry, 987 
 
 Dearborn, H. W., 22 
 
 Death rate low, 883 
 
 De .AzeveJo, D. Marques, guest, I4S; letter of 
 thanks, 154, 155; at Brooklyn reception, 722 
 
 De Beaufort, J. B., 240 
 
 De Beaufort, W. H., 240 
 
 De Bevoise, Charies I., 348 
 
 De Biasi, Agost, 477 
 
 De Bourouill, J. d'Aulnis, 147, 238, 240, 385, 
 845.855,1147 
 
 De Bruijne, Lieutenant, impersonating Hud- 
 son's mate, 97, 207; other mention, 360, 845 
 
 De Buisserct, Count, guest, 143, 148; speaks at 
 Official reception, 256; at Naval fete, 855 
 
 De Castro, Louis de Sousa Monteiro Ferreira, 
 guest, 152 
 
 Decker, Boyd, 311 
 
 Decker, C. V. A., 208 
 
 Decker, Pearl, 500 
 
 De Clercq, J. F. van der L., 241 
 
 Decorations committee, work, 116; scheme of 
 decorations, 118; members, 1152 
 
 Dedications committee, work, 3 S3; members, 
 1152 
 
 Dedications of parks and memorials, list, 73, 
 383; Hudson monument in New York, 413; 
 picture, 123 1 ; school teachers tablet, 384; pic- 
 ture, 1223; bust of Fulton, 385; D. A. R. 
 tablet, 386; picture, 1225; city wall bastion 
 tablet, 389; picture, 1227; Fort Amsterdam 
 tablet, 427; picture, 1233; Fort Trj'on monu- 
 ment, 443; picture, 1235; Verrazzano monu- 
 ment, 476; picture, 1239; Pahsades Inter- 
 state Park, 392; picture, 1229; Stony Point 
 arch, 457; picture, 1237; playground in 
 Cornwall, 73; Wayne statue in Newburgh, 
 931; firemen's monument in Newburgh, 933; 
 tablets in Newburgh, 933; Chambers monu- 
 ment in Kingston, 971; Industrial Home 
 tablet in Kingston, 979; D. A. R. fountain in 
 Hudson, 1002 
 
 Dedrick, Marvel, 502 
 
 Deery, Mary A., 504 
 
 De Forest, Robert W., chairman of sub-com 
 mittee on art exhibits, 174; loans paintings, 
 179; gives dinner to art exhibitors, 844; in 
 Commission list, 1138; committees, 1 149, 
 1 160 
 
 De Forest, Mrs. Robert W., 182 
 
 De Franchi, .'\nt., 477 
 
Index 
 
 1377 
 
 Degenhardt, Clare, 370 
 
 De Grasse, Francois Joseph Paul, 326, 437, 
 
 1123 
 De Groot, C. Hofstede, 240 
 De Haan, J. C. J B., 240 
 De Hooch, Pieter, paintings, 179 
 De Hulhe, D. J., 240 
 De Jong, M., 240 
 De Jong, R. de Josselin, 240 
 De Jonge, J., 240 
 De Jongh, H., 239 
 De Kay, Charles, 26, 1138, 1152 
 De Kempenaer, D. W. van A., 240 
 De Kleist, Eugene, 11 38 
 De la Boissiere, J., 152 
 Delafield, John Ross, 413, 1139 
 Delafield, Joseph L., 1139 
 Delafield, Lewis L., 1139 
 Delafield, Mary Livingston, 115 
 Delafield, Richard, 22 
 De la Grange, Leon, 488 
 De Lambert, Count, 488 
 De la Montagne, Jan, 385 
 De la Montanye, James, 26, 1139, I152 
 De Lange, C, 241 
 Del Drago, Giov., 477 
 Delecker, Charles, 370 
 Delehanty, Edward, 503 
 Deli Batavia Tobacco Co., 239 
 De Lima, Eduardo, 143 
 De Lima, Elias S. A., 1139, 1150, 1161, 1163 
 Deli Tobacco Co., 239 
 Dellenbaugh, Frederick S., 184 
 De Long, Lansing, 306, 307, 308 
 Del Papa, D., 477 
 Del Papa, Nadir J., 477 
 D'Elseaux, F. J., 368 
 Demarest, S., 217 
 De Marino, Nichola, 477 
 De Mattos, H. Teiieira, 147 
 De Meester, Lieut., 147 
 Deraers & Campaigne, 1052 
 De Monchy A., 239 
 De Monchy, E. P., guest, 147; member of 
 
 Netherlands Hudson-Fulton committee, 238, 
 
 I147; guarantor, 239; at Holland Society 
 
 banquet, 845, 847 
 De Monchy, Mrs. E. P., 153, 852 
 De Monchv, M. J., 241 
 De Monchy, M. R., 241 
 De Monchy, S. J. R., 239 
 Demorest, William C, 853, 855, 859, 873, 1139, 
 
 1160, 1161 
 Demorest, Mrs. William C, 855, 873 
 Denbigh, John H., 841 
 Denmark, official representatives, 143, 148, 
 
 151; thanks for hospitality, 155; at Official 
 
 reception, 257 
 Dentz, Th. C, 239 
 De Nyse, I. R., 218 
 De Obaldia, Manuel. 152 
 
 Depew, Chauncey M., 26, 11 39, 1163 Degen- 
 
 DePeyster,Mrs.F.J., 182 j^^^jj 
 
 De Pierpont, A., 1070 
 
 De Poll, A. S. van der O. van N. en, 239 '» ^>^ 
 
 Depository of Archives of Commission, New 
 York Historical Society, 102, 104 
 
 De Ronde, Abram, 392, 395 
 
 Dersch, Charles, 369 
 
 Des Anges, H. L., 209 
 
 De Schilippenbach, Albert, 152 
 
 De Silver, Carll H., 834 
 
 De Soto, Fernando, 727, 731 
 
 Des Planches, Edmondo M., 477 
 
 Devine, George S., 11 39 
 
 De Vlieger, Simon, painting, 179 
 
 Devlin, Joseph, 115 
 
 Devoe, Frederick S., 395, 469 
 
 De Vogel, J. C. G. A., 239 
 
 Dewey, George, 326 
 
 Dewey, George E., 427 
 
 De Wijs, J., 241 
 
 De Willebois, P. J. J. S. M. van der Does, 239, 
 240, 1 147 
 
 De Witt, Edward, 26, 1139, 1159, 1160 
 
 De Witt, George G., 1139, 1 154 
 
 Diamond, Morris, 502 
 
 Diana, float, described, 378; picture, 1203 
 
 Diaz, President Porfirio, receives gold medal 
 
 from Commission, 1127; his reply, 1129 
 
 Di Bartolo, Ferdinand, 501 
 
 Di Brocchetti, Alfonso, guest, 143, 267; at 
 
 Governors Island reception, 279; at Verraz- 
 
 zano monument dedication, 480; at Naval 
 
 fete, 855; mentioned in letter to king, 11 25 
 
 Di Casalino, Michelangelo Leonard!, 229, 722, 
 
 873 
 Dickens, Charles, 432 
 Dickerman, W. B., 179 
 Dickey, Charles, 1139 
 Dickey, James N., 933 
 Diehl, George H., Jr., 839 
 Diemer, John, 724, 887, 1139, 1149, 1151, 1155 
 Dieter, Jac, 831 
 Dietrich, Jennie, 368 
 Dietrich, John, 368 
 Diffin, J. Archie, 500 
 Dijkhom, A. J., 240 
 Dijkhorn, G. J., 240 
 Dillon, E. M., 794 
 Dillon, John J., 1047 
 
 Di Montagliari, Paolo, guest, 149; at dedica- 
 tion of Verrazzano monument, 481 
 Dingman, John H., 1139, 1163 
 Dinneen, Edwin C, 504 
 Di NobiH, Prospero, 477 
 Di Rosa, Gustavo, 152, 477 
 Ditman, Norman E., 221 
 Dittrich, Willi, 371 
 Dittrich, Henry, 369 
 Ditze!, William, 839 
 Dix, John A., 1139 
 
■378 
 
 Index 
 
 Dixon Dixon, James H., 501 
 
 jjj Dobbins, Nora, 504 
 
 _^ . I,. Dobbs Ferry ceremonies, 896 
 Dwignt Dockerty, Marie Louise, 503 
 
 Dodd, Ira S., 416 
 
 Dodge, Alfred L., 349 
 
 Dodge, Cleveland H., 398; presides at dedica- 
 tion of Hudson monument, 416, 419, 420, 
 421, 424, 426; in lists, 1139, 1155, I158 
 
 Dodge, Mrs. Cleveland H., 426 
 
 Dodge, Grace H., 1139 
 
 Dodge, H. Percival, 135 
 
 Dodge, Philip T., 1139, 1150 
 
 Dodge, W. Earl, 207 
 
 Dodge, William E., 395, 408 
 
 Dodsworth, A. W., 1139 
 
 Dojes, R. P., 240 
 
 Dominica, official representatives, 148, 151; 
 thanks for hospitality, 156 
 
 Dominick, Theodore, 503 
 
 Dommerich, L. F., 11 39, 1160 
 
 Doncker, G., 240 
 
 Dondroff, W., 845 
 
 Dongan, Thomas, float described, 298; picture 
 of float, 655; other mention, 790, 806 
 
 Donley, Raymond Perre, 503 
 
 Donnelly, Maud E., 503 
 
 Donnocker, Stella, 502 
 
 Donovan, J. Easbell, 501 
 
 Donovan, Margaret, 502 
 
 Donovan, Timothy J., 216 
 
 Doremus, Henry H., 1139, 1 159 
 
 Dorn, Mrs. 372 
 
 D'Orta, Salvatore, 477 
 
 Dos Santos, Jose Joaquim Gomes, guest, 151 
 
 Doty, Foster, 949 
 
 Dougherty, Margarie, 367 
 
 Douglas, Archibald, 413 
 
 Douglas, Mrs. Archibald, 426 
 
 Douglas, Edward W., 1139, 1153 
 
 Douglas, E. W., 1050, 1068 
 
 Douglas, James, 408; chairman of Hudson 
 Monument committee, 413; speaks, 420; in 
 lists, 1139, 1155,1158 
 
 Douglass, Anthony C, 1139, 1153 
 
 DouU, Reginald S., 886, 887, I139; committees, 
 1149, 1155, 1157 
 
 Douw, Charles G., 948 
 
 Dow, Charles M., 1139 
 
 Dowling, F. L., 887, 888, 1139; 
 1149,1155, 1157 
 
 Downing, Robert F., 724, 887, 888, 1 139; 
 mittees, II49, I151, 1155 
 
 Downing, Ruth, 501 
 
 Dowrie, W. G., 310 
 
 Doyle, Edward P., 778 
 
 Doyle, Mrs. Edward P., 778 
 
 Doyle, James H., 1139 
 
 Doyle, Leonard, 502 
 
 Doyle, R. M., 145 
 
 Drab, William, 501 
 
 Drake, Alexander W., 181, 182 
 
 Drake, Francis, 727, 741 
 
 Drake, Norman E., 761 
 
 Draper, Andrew S., gives valuable cooperation, 
 
 500; on Albany committee, 1015; mentioned 
 
 in lists, 1139, 1153 
 Draper, John W., 503, 923 
 Draper, William, 26, 11 39, 1163 
 Draper, W. H., 1068 
 Dresdner, Henry, 760 
 Drisius, Samuel, 785 
 Drucker, H. L., 240 
 Dryden, John F., 1139, 1159 
 Du Bois, Charles A., 26, 1139, 1158 
 Du Bois, F. N., 996 
 Du Bosque, F. L., 215 
 Ducarue, Filippo Baggio, guest, 147, 229; 
 
 speaks at Official reception, 267; speaks at 
 
 Official banquet, 318, 333, 855 
 Duccy, John, 901 
 Duckworth, Mrs. Wm. H., 386 
 Duelfer, Justus, 841 
 Duell, H. S., 311 
 Duffield, Howard, 390 
 Duffy, William J., 11 39 
 Dugan, D. J., 220 
 Dugan, John P., 1 1 39, 1 163 
 Dughs, C. H., 308 
 Duignan, John, 1139 
 Duimette, Frank, 504 
 
 Duncan, Wilham Butler, 858, 859, 1139, I161 
 Duncan, William Butler, Jr., 206, 211, 354, 
 
 1139, 1159 
 Duncan, W. M., 308 
 Dundon, Helen M., 504 
 Dunecke, E., 368 
 Dunham, Ruth, 502 
 Dunn, Gertrude, 503 
 Dunn, Thomas B., guest, 150 
 Dunn, Mrs. Thomas B., 153 
 Dunning, A. W., 49 
 Dunspaugh, Merrill, 1082 
 Duprey, Addie, 500 
 Dupuy, Herbert, 182 
 Durfee, Willard, 501 
 Duryea, Perry Belmont, 500 
 Duryee, Charles C, 1139 
 Dutch citizens participation in celebration, 287 
 
 290, 506, 757. See also Holland Society. 
 Dutch Doorway, float, 296; picture, 647 
 Dutcher, A. W., 900 
 Dutcher, George, 902 
 Dutch influence on history, 752, 1040 
 Dutch School Teachers' tablet, 383, 384, 8o8' 
 
 1223 
 Dutch Period, float, described, 294; picture, 
 
 639 
 Dutch West India mail, 238 
 Dutton, Vaughn W., 501 
 Duvey, Frank E., 502 
 Dwight, Frederick, 389, 390 
 
Index 
 
 [379 
 
 Dyckman, E., 218 
 Dye, Frank, 501 
 Dyer, George R., 348 
 Dyett, Albert H., 797 
 
 Eagle, Clarence H., 390 
 Eames, Elizabeth, 873 
 Eames, John C, 26, 1139, "5* 
 Earley, Marguerite, 500 
 Easton, Fred, 1016 
 Easton, Charles Philip, 912, 921, 923 
 Easton, Fred R., 1139 
 Eaton, Roscoe Conkling, 502 
 Ebebohls, Francis, 504 
 Eberle, Augusta, 502 
 Eckerlein, W., 370 
 Eckerson, Ransom, 500 
 Eckl, Frederica, 504 
 
 Ecuador, official representatives, 143, 151; 
 thanks for hospitality, 157; at Official recep- 
 
 Eddy, C. G., 1049 
 
 Eddy, John, 501 
 
 Eddy, John G., 349, 723, 724, 756 
 
 Edgar, James, 501 
 
 Edgar, J. M., 144 
 
 Edgerton, Hiram H., 1139,1153 
 
 Edison Electric Companies, 120 
 
 Edison, Thomas A., 263, 1 1 39 
 
 Edison, Mrs. Thomas A., 855 
 
 Edmonds, S. P., 208 
 
 Edwards, Clarence, 815 
 
 Edwards, Helen Leroy, 502 
 
 Eggers, Louis F., 311 
 
 Eglofl, Sarah E., 503 
 
 Egyptian Art, float, described, 380; picture, 
 
 1213 
 Ehmann, Clara, 503 
 Ehrenbcrg, A., 367 
 Ehret, George, 26, 1 139, 1 155 
 Eichner, Lizzie, 371 
 Eidam, Bernhard, 836 
 Eighmey, Sherman E., 969 
 Einstein, Henry L., 11 39, Il6l 
 Einstein, Meyer, 1139, 1153 
 Eisenhut, Joseph, 373, 837 
 Eisman, G. J., 215 
 Eitje, B. C, 240 
 Ekengren, W. A. F., guest, 149; letter of thanks, 
 
 170 
 Ekengren, Mrs. W. A. F., 153, 852 
 Elder, Walter C, 502 
 Elias, E., 240 
 Elkington, Harry B., 501 
 Elkins, H. O., 1139 
 Elkins, William L., 180 
 Elliott, Charles A., 986, 990, 1139, 1163 
 Elliott, Gilbert, 724 
 Elliott, John S., 990 
 Ellis, A. G., 93, 237, 238, 240, 1 146 
 
 Ellis, Matt H., 920 
 
 Ellis, Wesley, 969 
 
 EUis, W. J., 500 
 
 Ellison, F. A., 11 39 
 
 Ellison, Mabel M., 501 
 
 Ells, W. N., 1049 
 
 Elmendorf, Mar)' Crook, 979 
 
 Elmira College, 718 
 
 Elting, Philip, 969, 1 139, 1 163 
 
 Eltingc, William S., 972 
 
 Elverson, James, Jr., 1 1 39 
 
 Elves of Spring, float, described, 380; picture, 
 
 1209 
 Ely, Matthew C, 1139, 1159 
 Ely, Mrs. Richard S., 182 
 Ely, Robert Erskine, 1139, I150 
 Ely, Smith, 26, 11 39, 1161 
 Ely, W. A. H., 896 
 Emanuele, King Vittorio, receives gold medal 
 
 from Commission, 1125; his reply, 1126 
 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 432 
 Emery, John M., 206, 216, 11 39, 11 59 
 Emma, Queen Mother, of the Netheriands, 240 
 Emmet, Thomas Addis, 1139, 1162 
 Emmet, William Temple, 11 39, 11 55 
 Empire State, historical float, described, 292; 
 
 picture, 629 
 Engel, Arthur F., 349 
 Engel, John, 368 
 Engelbrecht, B. A., 240 
 Engelbrecht, W. A., 240 
 
 Engelhardt, Kapitan zur See, 146, 228, 860, 873 
 English, Arthur, 26 1 139 
 English citizens participation in celebration, 
 
 287, 291 
 Engstrom, Ida Charlotta, 502 
 Eninger, Mrs. Charie, 386 
 Enriques, Charles R., 923 
 Entertainment of Ofijcial guests, 131 
 Enthoven, F. B., 240 
 Enz, Anton, 371 
 Ericsson, Charles, 1137 
 Ericsson, Charles F., 157 
 Ericsson, John, 431, 1058 
 Ericsson, John M., 911 
 Erie Canal Boat, float, described, 303; picture, 
 
 675 
 Eriandsen, Oscar, 348 
 Eriich, Jacob, 386 
 Ernst, G. G., 182 
 Erving, John, 182 
 
 Dyckman 
 
 Esbach, 
 
 R., 211 
 
 Escbarizier, G., 240 
 
 Eslinger, Charles E., 503 
 
 Espinosa, Rodolfo, guest, 149; letter of thanks, 
 
 166 
 Esselstyn, Charies, 997, 1009, 1013 
 Estell, C. M., 1 1 39 
 Ethcart, Horace, guest, 143; letter of thanks, 
 
 161; speaks at Official reception, 267 
 Etzold, C, 368 
 
1380 
 
 Index 
 
 Europa 
 
 Europa, float, described, 378; pi 
 Eustace, Alexander C, 1139 
 Eustis, John, 880 
 Evans, Robert W., 997 
 Evarts, Sherman, 182 
 Evarts, William M., 765 
 Everett, James H., 971 
 Everhart, L. H., 208 
 Everts, H. H., 240 
 Evertsen, Cornells, 337 
 Every, Ora, 504 
 Ewart, R. H., 859 
 Ewell, Joseph E., 1139 
 Executive committee, 1153 
 Exhibitions, list, 69; descriptio 
 
 mary, 195; publications, 196 
 Exner, Emil, 366 
 Eymcr, Martin, 373, 837 
 Eyssen, S. W., 845 
 
 Faas, Charles T., 372 
 
 Fabbri, E., 477 
 
 Fabel, Chr., 831 
 
 Fafner, Death of, float, described, 374; picture, 
 
 1181 
 Fagg, C. W., 1068 
 Faguet, Paul, I139, 1163 
 Fahl, Edmund, 501 
 Fairchild, Samuel W., 206, 386, 853, 11 39, 
 
 ll$cr, I161 
 Fairchild, Mrs. Samuel W., 855 
 Fairfax, Mrs. Hamilton R., 1S2 
 Fairies, float, described, 381; picture, 1217 
 Fallieres, President Armand, receives gold 
 
 medal from Commission, 1123 
 Fanning, Annie A., 501 
 Farley, C. F., 220 
 
 Fariey, John M., 26, 247, 426, 830, 1139, 1161 
 Farley, William W., 1139, 1153 
 Farman, Henry, 488 
 Farnham, George W., 917 
 Farnham, William, 1139 
 Farnsworth, Harley D., 502 
 Farrall, Ruth T., 501 
 Farricy, William J., 504 
 Fasel, Fritz, 366 
 
 Fassett, J. Sloat, 26, 27, 1139, 1153 
 Fast, Edith, 368 
 Faucett, James, 1139 
 Fay, Charles Edey, 427, 11 39 
 Fay, Reginald, 214 
 Fearn, W. R., 1069 
 
 Fehmel, Adam, 363, 364, 366, 724, 833 
 Feltman, F., 1139 
 Fennema, E. ten Cate, 240 
 Fenton, Chauncey L., 280 
 Ferguson, Emma J., 502 
 Ferguson, U. L., 949 
 Ferguson, W., 212 
 Fernald, Mrs. Frederick A., 3S6 
 
 Fernandez, Jose Vincente, 151 
 
 Ferree, Barr, 26, 11 39, 1150 
 
 Ferris, George A., 11 39 
 
 Ferris, Morris P., 1139, 1151, 1160 
 
 Feser, Antoinette, 367 
 
 Feser, Margaret, 367 
 
 Feser, Rosa, 367 
 
 Feulncr, Joe, 371 
 
 Fiakes, F. B., 220 
 
 Fiallo, Arturo L., guest, 148; letter of thanks, 
 
 Fiallo, Fabio F., guest, 151 
 
 Fichet, 240 
 
 Field, William B. O., 182 
 
 Fijenoord, Establissement, 240 
 
 Filip, Elisabeth, 370 
 
 Filippo, Baggio Ducarne. See Ducarne 
 
 Filley, F. C, 1068 
 
 Financial system and statement, 45 
 
 Finch, J. Howard, 502 
 
 Fink, Alexander, 501 
 
 Finley, John H., 1139 
 
 Finnegan, J. J., 903 
 
 Finnegan, John A., 836, 837 
 
 Finucane, Thomas W., 1139, 1153 
 
 Fique, Cari, 833 
 
 Fire Engine, Old, float, described, 303; picture, 
 677 
 
 Fire Island purchase, 408 
 
 Firemen in parades, 292, 760, 795, 896, 898, 
 901, 903, 914, 934, 974, 994, looi, 1072, 1094 
 
 Fireworks at New York, 123; signal fires a dis- 
 appointment, 124; colored fire irritating, 365; 
 fireworks in Queens, 814; in Yonkers, 924; 
 Newburgh, 939; Poughkeepsie, 943, 967; 
 Hudson, 1014; Troy, 10S2 
 
 First Line of Defence, tablet, dedication, 386; 
 picture, 1225 
 
 First Vessel of Manhattan, float, described, 
 295; picture, 641 
 
 First Sachem of the Iroquois, float, described, 
 293; picture, 633 
 
 Fish, Guy, 502 
 
 Fish, Hamilton, 1139 
 
 Fish Stuyvesant, 26, 27, 848, 905, 1139, 1163 
 
 Fisher, Harris B., 348 
 
 FishkiU ceremonies, 72 
 
 Fisk, Louis T., 1139, 1153 
 
 Fiske, Edwin W., 1139 
 
 Fiske, Emmett, 501 
 
 Fiske, Harold C, 280 
 
 Fiske, John, 466, 476, 1038 
 
 Fiske, Willard C, 348 
 
 Fitch, Mrs. Ashbel P., 457 
 
 Fitch, Joseph, 815 
 
 Fitch, Theodore, charter member, 26, 27; 
 chairman of Nominations committee, 41, 
 427; speaks at dedication of Fort Amsterdam 
 tablet, 435; on Lower Hudson executive 
 committee, 891; in Commission list, 1139; 
 committees, 1153,1156, 1157, 11 59, 11 60, 11 61 
 
Index 
 
 Fitch, WiUiam E., 417, 11 39 
 
 Fitch, Winchester, 26, 1139, 11 54 
 
 Fitz, Mrs. Frank E., 460, 474 
 
 Fitzgerald, James F., 1139 
 
 Fitzgerald, James J., 26, 1139, 1 162 
 
 Fitzgerald, Thomas D., 1016 
 
 Fitzgerald, William Vincent, 503 
 
 Fitzgibbon, John, 11 39 
 
 Fitz-GibboD, Mary Jordan, 834, 835 
 
 Five Nations, float, described, 293; picture, 631 
 
 Flachsbart, Charles, 370 
 
 Flag, American, first saluted by the Dutch, 
 337 
 
 Flag committee, work, 84; members, 1150 
 
 Poster committee, work, 84; members, 1150 
 
 Flag, official, described, 86; picture, 521 
 
 Flagler, Harry H., 182 
 
 Flanagan, James A., 503 
 
 Flanagan, Simeon, 501 
 
 Flatbush Taxpayers Association, 759 
 
 Flatley, Thomas W., 504 
 
 Fleischman, Max C, 306, 307, 308 
 
 Fleischmann, Julius F., 207 
 
 Fleming, Marguerite, 504 
 
 Fletcher, F. F., 145, 227 
 
 Fletcher, W. H., 22 
 
 Flint, Devere, 501 
 
 Flood, J. F., 796 
 
 Flower, Frederick S. 1 139, 1164 
 
 Fluhrcr, Gerald B., 11 39 
 
 Flynn, John T., 1.39 
 
 Flynn, Patrick F., 887, 1139, 1149, "SS" "57> 
 
 Fobel, Ch., 368 
 
 Fobes, Alan C, 1139, 1153 
 
 Fock, C. A. 845 
 
 Foley, D. P., 108, 347 
 
 Foley, James A., 150 
 
 Foley, Paul, 145, 228 
 
 Foley, Peter C, 11 39 
 
 Follette, William, 1139, 1153 
 
 Folsom, ^^'iIliam Henry, 390 
 
 Foote, Blanche M., 502 
 
 Foote, John H., 349, 757 
 
 Forbush, C. E., 903 
 
 Ford, Charles H., 1139, I153, I163 
 
 Ford, Charles R., 1084 
 
 Ford, William G., 347 
 
 Fordham University, 719, 796 
 
 Foreign Councillors, Correspondent, elected, 41 ; 
 names, 1 147 
 
 Foreign Councillors, Honorary, elected, 41; 
 names, 11 46 
 
 Forest, Cresson Ide, 371 
 
 Forests, 408, 993 
 
 Forman, Josef, 372 
 
 Forshew, R. P., 347, 354 
 
 Forsyth, Severyn B., 980 
 
 Fort, John Franklin, guest, 150; speaks at dedi- 
 cation of Palisades Interstate Park, 409; at 
 Harlem banquet, 849 
 Fort, Mrs. John Franklin, 153 
 
 Fort Amsterdam, tablet, 384; dedication, 427; Fitch 
 history, 427; picture, 1233 j^ 
 
 Fort George, New York, 428, 435 Vrffman 
 
 Fort Tryon monument, 384; dedication, 443;'''^''°"° 
 history, 443, 451; picture, I235 
 
 Fort Washington, 388, 443 
 
 Fosalba, Rafael J., guest, 143; letter of thanks, 
 171; at OSicial reception, 276 
 
 Fossard, Dr., 146 
 
 Foster, Edgar P., 214 
 
 Foster, Frederic de P., 390, 1139 
 
 Foster, R. L., 1069 
 
 Founders and Patriots of America, 17, 291, 384, 
 
 4^7, 
 
 m 
 
 Fowler, Charles W., 502 
 
 Fowler, Everett, 969, 1140 
 
 Fowler, Fred, 2:6 
 
 Fowler, John E., 901 
 
 Fowler, Joseph M., 969, 1140, 1 157 
 
 Fowler, Mrs. Robert L., 182 
 
 Fowler, O. W., 144 
 
 Fowler, Thomas Powell, 16, 19, 26, 27, I140, 
 1 1 63 
 
 Fowler, W. J., 310 
 
 Fox, Austen G., 26, 1140, 1153 
 
 Fox, Charles James, 472 
 
 Fox, Dixon, 372, 853 
 
 Fox, Michael, 830 
 
 Fox, W. A., 369 
 
 Fox, William H., 1140 
 
 France, official representatives, 143, 145, 146, 
 148, 151; ships, 145, 229; sailors in mihtary 
 parade, 347, 351; thanks for hospitality, 158; 
 at Official reception, 258; presented with gold 
 medal, 1123 
 
 Francis, Charles S., calls on Gov. Higgins, 24; 
 charter member, 26, 27; guest, 127, 873; on 
 Troy Executive committee, 1068; in Commis- 
 sion list, 1140; committees, 1156, Ii6i 
 
 Francis, Mrs. Charies S., 852, 873, 107 1 
 
 Francolini, J. N., 477 
 
 Frank, Bernard, 372 
 
 Frank, William H., 940 
 
 Frankenberger, Samuel, 280 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin, 263, 431, 432, 730, 732 
 
 Franklin, Cornelius E., 815 
 
 Franklin, W. B., 1140, 1154 
 
 Franksen, Rudolph, 152, 859, 873, 1123 
 
 Fransioli, Arnold, 761 
 
 Eraser & Suermondt, 240 
 
 Fraunces' Tavern, exhibition, 70, 186, 195 
 mentioned, 436 
 
 Frawley, James J., 150, U40, 1150, 1157 
 
 Frazer, Jeremiah A., 760 
 
 Frear, William B., 1070 
 
 Frederick, Blanche, 500 
 
 Fredericks, James, 902 
 
 Freeborn, James L., 1140 
 
 Freedom, Avalanche of, float, described, 381; 
 picture, 1221 
 
 Freeman, F. N., 207 
 
1382 
 
 Index 
 
 Freeman Freeman, Henry R., 1053 
 
 ■ ^ Freeman, James E., 911, 921, 92Z 
 
 Freeman, Lieut.-Com., 947 
 German freischutz, float, described, 375; picture, 1187 
 
 Fremont, John C, 144, 772 
 
 French, A. T., 2U 
 
 French citizens participation in celebration, 
 2S7, 291, 432, 760, 1029 
 
 French, Hollis, 182 
 
 French, Lyman C, 1 140 
 
 French, Mabel, 501 
 
 Frey, Annie, 371 
 
 Frey, Clara, 371 
 
 Frey, Henry, 11 40 
 
 Frias, Alberto Nin, guest, 149; letter of thanks, 
 172, at Brooklyn reception, 722 
 
 Frick, Henry C, 26, 179, 1140, 1164 
 
 Fricke, William, 370 
 
 Fridge, John, 1140, 1163 
 
 Friedlander, Edward, 1140 
 
 Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 289 
 
 Frisbie, Daniel D., 1 157 
 
 Frobisher, Martin, 741 
 
 Froekel, Francis X., 370 
 
 Frost, C. A., II40, 1:53 
 
 Frost, N. H., 209 
 
 Frost King, float, described, 377; picture, 1 195 
 
 Fruchting, H. C, 1084 
 
 Frugone, Frank L., 1155 
 
 Fry, Alfred Brooks, 206; chairman of Aquatic 
 Sports committee, 305; given medal, 312; 
 in Commission list, 1140; committees, 1149, 
 1151, 1161 
 
 Fry, George Gardiner, 311, 1140, 1149, 1154 
 
 Fuchs, Emil, 76, 77 
 
 Fuehrer, Henry, 1 151, U55, 1158 
 
 Fuhrmann, 1140, 1153 
 
 Fuller, Frances, 187 
 
 Fuller, Horace S., 182 
 
 Fuller, Peter \V., 934 
 
 Fulton Centennial committee, 20 
 
 Fulton, Daniel, 921 
 
 Fulton Monument Association, 22, 23, 199 
 
 Fulton, Robert, quoted, ii; impersonated by 
 C. S. Bullock, 114; letter about remodeling 
 Clermont, 106; autograph and drawing, 108; 
 descendants. III, 114, 115; "Message," 
 poem by R, U. Johnson, 112; quoted on 
 temperance, 113; bust of, in Guatemala, 161; 
 portraits, 185, 189,673; bust in New York, 
 384, 385, S07; poem by Miss Whitaker, 1065; 
 other mention, 4, 9, 15, 20, 21, 22, 24, 27, 
 37) 77. 79> 84> 87, 88, 89, 109, no, 128, 160, 
 167, 180, 185, 186, 189, 190, 196, 197, 242, 
 250 et seq., 314, 322 et seq., 358, 359, 461, 
 726 et seq., 931, 967, 990, ioo5, 1024, 1031, 
 1059, 1078, 1088 
 
 Fulton's Ferry, float, described, 302; picture, 
 • 673 
 
 Fulton, Thomas A., 231 
 
 Funk, Wilhelm, 179 
 
 Furey, Bartley G., 501 
 Furniture exhibition, 180 
 Futlerer, Edward, 1020 
 
 Gaboriault, William, 1022 
 
 Gabriel, Harry, 503 
 
 Gacitua, Lindor Perez, 143 
 
 Gaffney, Katherine M., 504 
 
 Gahrman, Gertrude, 478 
 
 Gallatin, Frederick, 390 
 
 Gallois, W. O., 240 
 
 Gallup, Frank A., 1084 
 
 Gannon, Sinclair, 144 
 
 Gano, John, 789 
 
 Gans, E. P., 1140 
 
 Garcia-Velez, Carlos, 148 
 
 Gardner, Frank S., 20, 26, 1140, 1155 
 
 Garibaldi's Home, float, described, 303; pic- 
 ture, 679 
 
 Garnsey, Eva E., 502 
 
 Garretson, Garret J., 26, 1140, 1152, 1161 
 
 Gary, Elbert H., 873, 1140, 1164 
 
 Gary, Mrs. Elbert H., 873 
 
 Gass, Frank, 841 
 
 Gates, Eugene H., 795 
 
 Gates, Horatio, 437, 746 
 
 Gates, Milo H., 386, 446 
 
 Gatti-Casazza, Giulio, 477 
 
 Gaus, Charies H., guest, ijo; assists in organ- 
 izing Upper Hudson celebration, 926, 927, 
 1015, 1035; in Commission hst, 1140; in com- 
 
 Gauthier, Leo R., 503 
 
 Gaw, Joseph A., 208 
 
 Gaynor, William J., approves selection of 
 auditing company, 47; mentioned in Commis- 
 sion list, 1140 
 
 Gayton, John, 501 
 
 Geer, Mrs. Agnes S., 386 
 
 Geer, Walter, 390 
 
 Gelderman, Joan, 240 
 
 Gemeinhaus, W., 369 
 
 Gemmill, Ruth, 504 
 
 General Commemorative Exercises committer, 
 work, 498; members, 1153 
 
 Genet, Mrs. Albert R., 457 
 
 Gentile, Guiseppe, 477 
 
 George, Harry, 202, 206 
 
 George, Margaret E., ;o2 
 
 George the Fifth, receives gold medal from 
 Commission, 1 1 32 ; his reply, 1134 
 
 George the Third, Destruction of Statue, float, 
 described, 299; picture, 659 
 
 Georgia, Earl L., 501 
 
 Gerbereui, Edward, 910, 914, 917, 921, 924 
 
 Gerhard, Christ, 371 
 
 Gerken, C. A., 368 
 
 Gerlach, Herbert, 502 
 
 Gerling, Jacob, 1140, 1153 
 
 German banquet, S59 
 
Index 
 
 ^3^3 
 
 German citizens participation in celebration, 
 62, 63, 2S7, 350, 363, 364, 366-372, 506, 759, 
 816, 829-842, 859, 869 
 
 Germania, float, described, 380; picture, 1215 
 
 Germanic stock, influence, 861 
 
 Germany, official representatives, 143, 146, 148, 
 152; ships, 146, 228; crew wins prize, 306; in 
 Military parade, 347, 351; thanks for hos- 
 pitality, i;8; at Official reception, 263; pre- 
 sented with gold medal, 1 120. See also Von 
 
 Gerry, Elbridge T., 1140 
 
 Getty, E. C, 997 
 
 Getty, S. Emmet, 917 
 
 Ghourd, Henry, 1140 
 
 Giamblavio, J. G., 757 
 
 Gibb, Walter, 724 
 
 Gibbin, Leo E., 503 
 
 Gibbons vs. Ogden, 21 
 
 Gibson, Cora, 501 
 
 Gibson, William, 1140 
 
 Gibson, W. W., 1068 
 
 Gieberich, Paul, 367 
 
 Giegerich, Leonard A., 415 
 
 Gier, Carrie, 372 
 
 Giffin, T. L.. 779, 789 
 
 Gifford, Ar:hur, 997 
 
 Gifford, Malcolm, looi 
 
 Gilbert, Humphrey, 741 
 
 Gilder, Richard Watson, 748 
 
 Giles, Edith L., 502 
 
 Giles, F. D., Jr., 307 
 
 Giles, Peter M., 1140 
 
 Gilkinson, John, 220 
 
 Gill, John, 501 
 
 Gill, Mary, 504 
 
 Gill, \V. F., 220 
 
 Gilleran, Thomas F., 830 
 
 Gillespie, Lawrence L., 859 
 
 Gillette, John W., 1002 
 
 Gilligan, J. J., 216 
 
 Gillmore, Frederick, 1140 
 
 Gilman, Theodore, 427 
 
 Gilman, Theodore P., 26, 1140, 1 149 
 
 Gilmore, Lottie, 367 
 
 Gips, Adrian, 147, 845, 1140, 1163 
 
 Glass, Joseph, 371 
 
 Glennon, Michael, 994 
 
 Glogauer, H., 369 
 
 Gnomes, float, described, 379; picture, 1205 
 
 Goan, O. S., 895 
 
 God of the Alps, float, described, 381; picture, 
 
 1219 
 Goedewagen, K. G., 240 
 Goekoop, A. E. H., 239 
 Goelet, Robert Walton, 26, II40, I164 
 Goerke, Anna, 372 
 Goerke, Emma, 372 
 Goette, Fregettenkapitan, 146, 228 
 Goetze, Frederick A., 853 
 Goggin, Henry J., 1140, 11 52 
 
 Goggin, John, 504 ( 
 
 Gohlinghorst, Stanley, 368 
 
 Goiran, M. H., 151 
 
 Gol.^en Hill battle, 473, 745 ' 
 
 Goldfarb, Ralph, 779, 780 
 
 Goldschmidt, Mrs. S. A., 457 
 
 Goldsmith, Fred S., 901 
 
 Gomcr, Henry, 368 
 
 Gomer, Lillie, 368 
 
 Gonsey, Howard S., 761 
 
 Gonzales, Pedro, 150 
 
 Goodale, John M., 842 
 
 Good Luck, float, described, 380; picture, 121 1 
 
 Goodrich, C. C, 209 
 
 Goodrich, C. F., 1 140 
 
 Goodrich, William W., death, 24; calls on Gov. 
 Higgins, 24; charter member, 26; trustee, 
 27; Vice-President, 38; in list, 1 140 
 
 Goosens, Ed. H. H., 239 
 
 Gordon, Jacob, 842 
 
 Gordon, John, 217 
 
 Gordon-Lennox, Algernon, 855 
 
 Gordon-Lennox, Mrs. Algernon, 855 
 
 Gosnold, Bartholomew, 741 
 
 Gotterdammerung, float, described, 375; pic- 
 ture, 1 1 83 
 
 Gottlieb, Herman P., 842 
 
 Gould, Elgin R. L., 1140, 1151, 1154 
 
 Gould, George J., 26, 27, 179, 307, 1140, 1164 
 
 Gould, Francis Lewis. 115 
 
 Gould, Helen M., 1140 
 
 Gould, James, 503 
 
 Gould, M. P., 308 
 
 Gould, Talcott W., 1 140 
 
 Goulden, Joseph A., 413, 415, 795, 797, 803 
 
 Governors Island reception, 278; aerodrome, 
 489; picture of aeroplane shed, 1241 
 
 Gowan, Nina B., 502 
 
 Grace, Selma, 372 
 
 Gracey, Katherine Elizabeth, 501 
 
 Graff, Otto A., 838 
 
 Grafing, Fred N., 307 
 
 Graham, Howard, 501 
 
 Grammer, Richard, 371 
 
 Granaat, D. S., 240 
 
 Granbery, S. W., 214, 307, 308 
 
 Grand Army of the Republic, 350, 459, 795, 
 897, 900, 907, 913, 980, 995, 1028, 1072 
 
 Grant, A. W., 144 
 
 Grant, Frederick D., Vice-President of Ter-cen- 
 tenary committee, 18; President of Robert 
 Fulton Monument Association, 22; charter 
 member of Commission, 25, 27; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, 38, 1136; official guest, 127, 150; at 
 Hudson Monument dedication, 416; on Fort 
 Amsterdam tablet committee, 427; signs letter 
 to heads of governments, 11 15, 11 19 et seq.; 
 in Ust of Commissioners, 1140; committees, 
 1153, 1158, 1160, 1161; other 1 
 
 Grant, Mrs. Frederick D., 153 
 
 Grant, Ulysses S., 243, 431, 466 
 
1384 
 
 Index 
 
 Granzow Granzow, Adolf, 370 
 
 to Hal- 
 bertsma 
 
 n, 839, 840 
 
 Grattan, William J., 1084, II40, 1157, I163 
 Grau, Lina, 371 
 Graves, John Temple, 1140 
 Gravesend Board of Trade, 758 
 Great Britian, ofBcial representatives, 143, 146, 
 
 147, 148, 151; ships, 146, 147, 228; in Military 
 
 parade, 346, 350; thanks for hospitality, 159; 
 
 at Official reception, 264; presented with gold 
 
 medal, 1132. See also Edward H. Seymour 
 Greece, official representatives, 148, 152; 
 
 thanks for hospitality, 160 
 Greek children's participation in celebration, 507 
 Greeley, Horace, 748 
 Green, Alfredo Metz, 152 
 Green, Andrew H., 395, 404 
 Green, Elsie, 501 
 Green, James Howard, 502 
 Green, Lansdale B., 1050 
 Green, Mary Wolcott, 778, 780, 792 
 Green, William S., 969 
 Greenberg, Joseph, 502 
 Greene, Henry, 740 
 Greene, Mildred, 503 
 Greene, Nathaniel, 410, 437 
 Greene, Richard H., 1140, 1156 
 Greenhut, Benedict J., 1140, 1160 
 Greer, David H., 247; invocation at Official 
 
 reception, 249; in lists, 1140, 1161 
 Greer, Louis M., 346; erroneously printed 
 
 Creer, 289; erroneously printed Green, 366 
 Gregg, James, 935 
 Gregg, Sara M., 503 
 Gregory, George F., 26, 1140, 1160 
 Gregory, Henry E., 26, 1140, 1152, 1155 
 Gregory, Howard B., 501 
 Gregory, John H., 969 
 Greidanus, T., 1140, 1155 
 Grenlich, John B., 899 
 Gress, Louis, 841 
 Gresser, Lawrence, 151 
 Grieb, Mathilde, 368 
 Griesmer, Christine, 371 
 Griflen, G. Taylor, 1016 
 Griffin, Gerald, 1017 
 Griffin, Harry L., 503 
 Griffin, Kathcrine V., 504 
 Griffin, P. v., 311 
 Griffin, T. D., 145, 227, 347 
 Griffis, William Elliot, 1038 
 Griffith, Lewis E., 1068 
 Griffiths, David Baines, 415 
 Griffiths, Leon H., 210 
 Griggs, Herbert L., 390 
 Griggs, John W., 859, 1 140, 1159 
 Grind, W., 212 
 Grinnell, W. M., 182 
 Grinton, George W., 933 
 Griswold, John A., 1058 
 Grogan, Ellen E., 504 
 
 Groom, Wallace P., 724, 1140, 1151 
 
 Gross, Ethel, 502 
 
 Gross, John, 1140, 1157 
 
 Grotius, Hugo, 338 
 
 Grotke, Harold A., 501 
 
 Grotz, George, 502 
 
 Grout, Edward M., 724, 1140, 1154 
 
 Gruenwald, F., 370 
 
 Grueschle, A., 845 
 
 Gruner, Lucy, 371 
 
 Grunert, F. E., 779, 787 
 
 Grymes, Arthur J., 216 
 
 Guatemala, official representatives, 143, 148, 
 152; thanks for hospitality, 160; at Official 
 reception, 266 
 
 Gude, O , guest, 143, 149; speaks at Official 
 recepti'jn, 274 
 
 Gude, Mrs. O., 153, 852 
 
 Guenther, Mrs. Alma, 373 
 
 Guenther, F., 373 
 
 Guests, official, classes invited, 126; how enter- 
 tained, 132; list of, 142 
 
 Guetary, G., 833, 834 
 
 Guillaudeu, W. L., 26, 1140 
 
 Gunner, J. H., 1140 
 
 Gunning, J. H., 240 
 
 Gunning, J. L., 240 
 
 Gunnison, Herbert F., 724 
 
 Gunther, John D., 724, 1 140; committees, 1149, 
 1151,1155 
 
 Guriey, W. F., 1068, 1 140 
 
 Gurry, Thomas, 504 
 
 Gut, Mrs. John, 371 
 
 Gut, Leo J., 371 
 
 Gutierrez, Francisco A., guest, 143; letter of 
 thanks, 155 
 
 Haagsche Commissiebank, 240 
 
 Haakon, King of Norway, sends message, 275 
 
 Haas, Arthur, 308 
 
 Haase, Mathilde, J., 368 
 
 Haass, Richard, 371 
 
 Hackett, John K., 820 
 
 Hadermann, Herman, 367 
 
 Haeussler, George, Jr., 369 
 
 Haflen, Louis F., 794, 797, 812 
 
 Hafner, Anton, 1028 
 
 Hagen, Agnes, 502 
 
 Hagen, Ernest F., 182 
 
 Hahn, Jennie, 367 
 
 Haight, Abner S., 26, 724, 1140, 11 63, 1164 
 
 Haimbach, Louis, 364, 366 
 
 Haims, Clere, 371 
 
 Haines, Ethel, 502 
 
 Hainisch, Herman, 366 
 
 Haiti, official representatives, 143, 148. 152; 
 thanks for hospitaUty, 161; at Official recep- 
 tion, 267 
 
 Hakes, Chauncey D., 1016 
 
 Halbertsma, Herrius, 240 
 
Index 
 
 1385 
 
 Hale, George, 265 
 
 Hale, Nathan, float, described, 301 ; picture, 667; 
 
 other mention, 746 
 Halenbacli, O. L., 215 
 
 Half Moon committee, work, 97; members, 1 154 
 Half Moon, float, described, 295; picture, 639 
 Half Moon pictures presented, 90 
 Halt Moon replica, built under royal auspices, 
 41; spelling of name, 78; first suggested, 92; 
 research in behalf of Commission, 92, 95; 
 building undertaken by Hollanders, 93; 
 offered to Commission, 94; research by Hol- 
 landers, 95; building of vessel described, 96 
 et seq.; sailing qualities tested, 103; final dis- 
 posirion, 104; in Naval parade, 229; rams 
 Clermont, 229; formal presentation, 233, 
 234; engrossed address accompanying Half 
 Moon described, 234; test of document, 236; 
 book of donors described, 237; names of 
 donors, 238; starts up the river, 354; pro- 
 ceeds to Ossining, 899; to Peekskill, 900, 
 902; at Cornwall, 907; transferred to Upper 
 Hudson committee, 355, 356; at Yonkers, 
 909; leaves Newburgh, 939; arrival at Pough- 
 keepsie, 942; at Kingston, 973; at Catskill, 
 988; crew visit Rip Van Winkle's abode, 966; 
 at Hudson, 1000; at Albany, 1023; at Troy, 
 1068; 
 Half Moon illustrations, Kohler's water color 
 frontispiece to volume I; launching at Am- 
 sterdam, 531; with crew on forecastle, 533; 
 near view of bow, 535; near view of stern, 
 537; upper deck looking forward, 539; upper 
 deck looking aft, 541; 'tween deck looking 
 forward showing guns, 543; 'tween deck 
 showing galley, 545; being lowered from 
 deck of Soestdijk, 547; afloat in New York 
 harbor, 549; ramming the Clermont, 551; tes- 
 timonial confirming gift, 553; with tug in 
 Naval parade, 609; principal plans, on fold- 
 ing sheet in pocket in back of volume U 
 Hall, Alfred Nelson, 501 
 Hall, Catherine, 504 
 Hall, Charles H., 212 
 Hall, Charles Mercer, 971 
 Hall, Edward Hagaman, assistant secretary of 
 Ter-centenary committee, 18; charter member 
 of Commission, 25, 27; assistant secretary of 
 Commission, 38, 1136; assists in designing 
 postage stamp, 89; suggests building Half 
 Moon, 92; letters from Admiral Roell and 
 Minister Van Swinderen, 94, 95; thanked by 
 Moorish delegates, 163; author of "Brief 
 History of Hudson and Fulton," 196, 498; 
 speaks, 415, 432, 439; on Stony Point com- 
 mittee, 457, 469; translates Cellere codex, 484; 
 at Von Koester dinner, 873; at City Hall, iioo; 
 at White House, 11 13; signs letters to heads 
 of governments, 1115, 1118, 1119 et seq.; 
 in Commission list, 1140; committees, I153, 
 I156, 1159 
 
 Hall, Mrs. Edward Hagaman, 852, 873 
 
 Hall, Frank O., 446 
 
 Hall, George P., 390 
 
 Hall, Grace, 503 
 
 Halleck, Fitzgreen, 748 
 
 Hallett, H. A., 1140, 1161 
 
 Hallock, E. F., 2i5 
 
 Hallock, William N., 1140 
 
 Halloran, Mae, 501 
 
 Halmhuber, Paul, 501 
 
 Hals, Dirk, paintings, 179 
 
 Hals, Frans, paintings, 178, 179 
 
 Halsey, Francis W., 457, 460, 469 
 
 Halscy, Raymond, 761 
 
 Halsey, R.T.Haines, 181 
 
 Halsey, W. F., 207 
 
 Hamilton, Alexander, Harangue, float de- 
 scribed, 300; picture, 663 
 
 Hamilton, Alexander, old home, 387; trees, 431 
 
 Hamilton, Benjamin F., 26; secretary of Upper 
 Hudson organization, 926, 927; sends souv- 
 enirs to Troy, 1083 ; speaks at Cohoes, 1093 : in 
 Commission list, 1 140; committees, 1 1 60, 1 1 63 
 
 Hamilton, Burgoyne, 349 
 
 Hamilton, Charles K., 489 
 
 Hamilton College, 718 
 
 Hamilton, Frederick T., 146, 858, 859, 871 
 
 Hamlet, H. G., 208 
 
 Hamlet, O. C, 206, 354 
 
 Hammer, Margaret, 504 
 
 Hammer, William J., 486, 495 
 
 Hammerstein, Oscar, 477 
 
 Hammitt, Walter, 724 
 
 Hammond, Anna J., 501 
 
 Hand, Mrs. E. Monroe, 386 
 
 Handley, L. de B., 3II 
 
 Haner, Henry, 994 
 
 Hanley, Tillie, 369 
 
 Hannema, S., 240 
 
 Hannema, Jac, 240 
 
 Hannema, S., Lzn, 240 
 Hannon, John, 1140 
 Hanrahan, James, 504 
 Hansa, float, described, 378; picture, 1199 
 Hanson, A., 217 
 
 Hanson, Merritt D., auditor for Cohoes, 929; 
 chairman of Cohoes committee, 1084; presides 
 at praise service, 1085; toastmaster, 109 1; 
 letter to citizens of Cohoes, 1096; in lists, 
 1 140, 1 163 
 Hanson, Miss, 873 
 Hanson, W. A., 308 
 Hardenbergh, James B., 980 
 Harding, Amy, 504 
 Hardy, Isabel, 501 
 Harding, Robert J., 940, II40, 1 163 
 Harft, Frank, 371 
 Harkness, Edward O., 1140 
 Harlem banquet, 848 
 Harlow, C. H., 145, 228 
 Harman, Abram, 501 
 
1386 
 
 Index 
 
 Harmen Harmcn, \V., 240 
 
 (Q Harpenger, D. F. H., IO95 
 
 XT . . Harper, Ethel, 501 
 UenriCl Harper, George A., 1084 
 
 Harper, William B., 1140, 1154 
 
 Harriman, Edward H., 1140, 1164 
 
 HarricDan, Mrs. J. Borden, 85Z 
 
 Harrington, Amy, 502 
 
 Harrington, I. J., 1140 
 
 Harrington, Matthew J., 796 
 
 Harris, Frank E., 795 
 
 Harris, Henry L., 347 
 
 Harris, Ira, 115 
 
 Harris, Morgan K., 502 
 
 Harris, Ralph C, 501 
 
 Harrison, Abram, 1 140 
 
 Harrison, William R., 969, II40, I163 
 
 Hart, Charies, 763 
 
 Hart, Ignace, 501 
 
 Hart, L. S., 987 
 
 Hartfield, William, 1140, 1163 
 
 Harth, Charies, 368 
 
 Harth, M., 368 
 
 Hartigan, John J., 1049 
 
 Hartley, Mrs. Marcellus, 1004 
 
 Hartman, Ferdinand, 761 
 
 Hartmann, F. G., 838 
 
 Hartmann, Gustav, 369 
 
 Hartmann, Tillie, 372 
 
 Hartung, R. J., 208 
 
 Hartung, William B., 501 
 
 Harvesring, float, described, 378; picture, I20I 
 
 Harvey, George, 859 
 
 Harvey, H. S., 1140, Ii6i 
 
 Harvey, Lew E., 502 
 
 Hasbrouck, Frank, 948 
 
 Hasbrouck, G. D. B., 969, 985, 1140, 1163 
 
 Hasbrouck, Mrs. G. D. B., 971 
 
 Hasbrouck, John M., 1140, 1157 
 
 Hasbroucq, Abraham, 979 
 
 Hasbroucq, Jean, 979 
 
 Haskell, Robert H., 760 
 
 Haskins, Karl M., 1140 
 
 Hastings, Alexander, 504 
 
 Hastings, Anna, 503 
 
 Hastings ceremonies, 895, 897, 898 
 
 Hasrings, F. S., 212 
 
 Hastings, Hugh, 390 
 
 Hastings, Leland, 503 
 
 Hathaway, Francis, 501 
 
 Hatzsch, K. P. W., 845 
 
 Hauptner, Charles, 367 
 
 Hauratto, Eugene J., 1 140, I163 
 
 Hausman, Charles, 368 
 
 Hauser, W. R., 371 
 
 Hausler, John, 371 
 
 Havelaar, D. H., 240 
 
 Havelaar, Jan, & Son, 240 
 
 Haveman, Anita. 372 
 
 Havemeyer, Mrs. H. O., 179 
 
 Havens, F. C, 307, 308 
 
 Havens, Herbert S., 503 
 
 Haverstraw ceremonies, 900 
 
 Hawk, William S., 26, 1140 
 
 Hawkins, George, 501 
 
 Hawkins, John, 741 
 
 Hawkins, John A., 796 
 
 Hawkins, Mav, 504 
 
 Hawley, W. Y., 208 
 
 Hawn, Henry H., 760 
 
 Hay, Louis C, 859 
 
 Hayden, W. C, 210 
 
 Hayes, Julia M., 504 
 
 Hazard, Vere G., 501 
 
 Heard, A. A., 1016 
 
 Hearn, Arthur H., U40, 1155 
 
 Hearn, George A., 844, 1100, 1 140, 1 149 
 
 Hearn, James A., 26 
 
 Hearn, S. C, 911 
 
 Hearn, Sanford Culver, 115, 967 
 
 Herbert, Mrs. Arthur A., 457 
 
 Hedding, Loraine, 504 
 
 Hedges, Job E., 858, 921, 922 
 
 Hefferman, Thomas P., 1140, 1154 
 
 Hegeman, John R., Jr., 348 
 
 Heidelberg, float, described, 379; picture, 1205 
 
 Heilbron, B. J., 845 
 
 Heilmann, M., 152 
 
 Hein, Cari, 831 
 
 Hein, Mai R., 841 
 
 Heistand, H. O. S., 1 140 
 
 Heitman, Charies E., 206, M40, 1 159 
 
 Helck, H. P., 368 
 
 Helder, Philipp, 369 
 
 Heldring & Pierson, 239 
 
 Heldring, J., guest, 147; signs document accom- 
 panying Half Moon, 237; member of Nether- 
 lands Hudson-Fulton committee, 238, 1147; 
 at Holland Society dinner, 845 
 
 Heldring, Mrs. J., 153, 852 
 
 Heifer, Mrs. Henry W., 457 
 
 Heller, Augusta, 366 
 
 Heller, Gustav, 366 
 
 Heller, Katie, 370 
 
 Helm, J. M., 145, 227 
 
 Helmle, Frank J., 724 
 
 Helzien, F., 370 
 
 Hendrickson, Judson C, 1090 
 
 Hendrickson, V. W., 760 
 
 Hendrickson, Wells, 503 
 
 Hennecke, Edward, 370 
 
 Hennicke, Aug., 831 
 
 Hennicke, Elsa, 368 
 
 Hennicke, Frieda, 368 
 
 Henning, Julius, 502 
 
 Henning, Gus C, 386 
 
 Henninger, Theodore, 361, 363, 364, 366, 831, 
 860, 1140, 1155, 1158 
 
 Henny, J. J., 240 
 
 Henry, Nelson, 1069 
 
 Henry, Mrs. Nelson, 1069, 1071 
 
 Henrici, Ottho, 240 
 
Index 
 
 1387 
 
 Henriques, Arthur J., 208 
 
 Henry, Prince of the Netherlands, patron of 
 Netherlands Hudson-Fulton Commission, 
 and one of the donors of Half Moon, 41, 93, 
 238, 240, 1 146 
 
 Herbert, Victor, 830 
 
 Herkimer, Nicholas, 437 
 
 Herman, John A., 932 
 
 Hermance, Edgar M., 921 
 
 Hermann, Ferdinand, 179 
 
 Herr, Julius, 366 
 
 Herrarte, Luis Toledo, guest, 148; letter of 
 thanks, i6o; at Brooklyn reception, 722 
 
 Herricht, Joseph, 370 
 
 Herrick, C. B., 1069, 1140 
 
 Herrick, Frank C, 1016 
 
 Herries, John, 761 
 
 Herzog, Adolf, 36S 
 
 Herzog, Jacob H., 1016 
 
 Hester, William, 231; vice-chairman Brooklyn 
 Citizens committee, 720, 756: Executive 
 committee, 724; in Commission list, I140; 
 in committee list, 11 51 
 
 Heth, Nannie R., 182 
 
 Hettel, Fr., Jr., 371 
 
 Hettel, Julius, 371 
 
 Hettel, Mrs., 371 
 
 Hewitt, .Abram S., 395, 396 
 
 Hewitt, Peter Cooper, 26, 1140, 1149 
 
 Heyl, Dora, 367 
 
 Heyl, Julie, 367 
 
 Heymann, Louis, 366 
 
 Hiawatha, float, described, 293; picture, 63I 
 
 Hibbard, F. B., 210 
 
 Hibbeler, Ch., 366 
 
 Hickman, A. L., 210 
 
 Hickok, Donald, 949 
 
 Hicks, Margaret, 501 
 
 Higgins, Francis \V., appoints committee on 
 Hudson celebration, 18; receives committee 
 24; letter to Legislature, 25 
 
 Higgins, Joseph B., 504 
 
 Higgins, Thomas J., 841 
 
 Higginson, Francis J., 947 
 
 Higginson, Eduardo, guest, 143, 152; speaks at 
 Official reception, 275 
 
 Higley, C. W., 1 140, 1 163 
 
 Higley, Warren, charter member, 26; trustee, 
 27, 46; chairman of Dedications committee 
 and speaks, 383, 387, 390, 424, 485; accom- 
 panies Inwood Hill delegation to call on 
 Mayor, iioo; in Commission list, 1 140; 
 committees, 1150, 1152, 1161, 1164 
 
 Hildred, Laura, 503 
 
 Hildreth, Loring Townsend, IJ2 
 
 Hill, David B., 25, 27, 1015, 1140, 1161, 1163 
 
 Hill, Edward, 217 
 
 Hill, George Wm., 263 
 
 Hill, Henrv W., 151, 1 140 
 
 Hill, Mrs. Henry W., 153 
 
 Hill, James J., ..41, ..64 
 
 Hill, Owen, 228 
 Hill, Robert H., 503 
 Hill, William B., 959, 964, 966 
 Hillenbrand, W., 368 
 Hillers, Hugo, 367 
 Hillery, Thomas J., I14I, I159 
 Hillis, Newell Dwight, 998 
 Hills, Rueze, 209 
 Hilsinger, Helen, 503 
 Hilton, George P., 1016 
 Hinck, George M., 368 
 Bines, Frank H., 794, 797 
 Hines, Theresa M., 502 
 Hinkley, J. W., Jr., 940, 947 
 Hinton, RoUo, 501 
 
 Hippodrome entertainment for sailors, 202, 851 
 Hirsch, Elsie, 367 
 Hirsch, Leon, 179 
 
 Hirschberg, Michael H., 26, 938, 1141, 1163 
 Hirschfeld, Leo, 900 
 Hislop, Thomas W., 1082, 1094 
 Historical committee, work, 282; members, 1 154 
 Historical exhibitions, list, 69; description, 174; 
 summary, 195; publications, 196; committee. 
 
 Historical Parade committee, work, 282; 
 members, 11 55 
 
 Historical parades, Manhattan parade de- 
 scribed, 282; building of floats, 283; objects 
 of parade, 287; line of march, 288; compo- 
 sition of, 289; floats described, 292; illustra- 
 tions, 625-681; historical parade in Brooklyn, 
 722, 756. See also chapters XXXIX, XL, and 
 XLIX to LIS 
 
 History of New York, float, picture, 629 
 
 Hitchcock, Frank H., 89 
 
 Ho, Wingshu, 151 
 
 Hoadley, Joseph H., 213, 306, 307, 308 
 
 Hoadley, Mark, 501 
 
 Hoag, H. T., 940 
 
 Hoare, James, 1 141, 1 154 
 
 Hobart College, 72, 500, 718 
 
 Hobart, Harold, 501 
 
 Hobbema, Meindert, paintings, 179 
 
 Hobson, Mrs. E. C, 180 
 
 Hochreiter, Madeline, 371 
 
 Hochuli, Sam, 373 
 
 Hockwater, A. H., 240 
 
 Hoerhoefer, H., 369 
 
 Hoes, Lucy M. R., 980 
 
 Hoesters, Noe, 367 
 
 Hof acker, Henry, 841 
 
 Hofer, Andreas, float, described, 376; picture, 
 1193 
 
 Hoffman, Samuel Verpianck, charter member, 
 26; president of New York Historical Society, 
 189; chairman of Historical committee, 282; 
 menrioned, 390; accompanies Inwood Hill 
 delegation in call on Mayor, iioo; in Com- 
 mission list, 1141; committees, 1150^, 1154, 
 I158, 1 161 
 
 ques to 
 Hofifman 
 
13^8 
 
 Index 
 
 Hofiman Hoffman, Ward, 502 
 (jj Hoffmeister, Irene, 504 
 
 Hogan, D. J., 1069 
 
 Hogan, Joseph F., 1069 
 
 Hoguet, Robert J., 386 
 
 Holbrook, Dudley B., 899 
 
 Holbrook, Mrs. Edward, 182 
 
 Holbrook, Henry C, 899 
 
 Holbrook, Rossiter, 899 
 
 Holch, Annie, 371 
 
 Holch, Frank G., 371 
 
 Holcomb, J. Hobart, 502 
 
 Holcomb, W. H., 216 
 
 Holden, J. H., 144 
 
 Holden, W. Stuart, 503 
 
 Holder, Miss, 949 
 
 Holihan, Mary, 501 
 
 HoUaman, Richard G., 1141 
 
 Holland-America Line, 96, 238, 1 147 
 
 Holland, Cecilia Gaines, 395 
 
 Holland, James P., 724, 1141, 1151, 
 
 1160 
 Holland, John B., 289, 346, 366 
 Holland Society, 15, 17, 500; banquet, 844; 
 
 mentioned, 943, 958, 1027 
 Holleran, Florence, 503 
 Hollick, Mrs. Arthur, 778 
 Hollis, C. T., 217 
 
 HoUoran, Michael, 1015, 1 141, 1 163 
 HoUweg, Berta, 370 
 Hollweg, WiUiam, 364, 366 
 Holly, Francis, 226 
 Holly, WilHs, 26, 1141, 1151 
 Holmes, Elkanah, 7S9 
 Holsten, Berta, 368 
 Holtzmann, Dr., 135 
 Homan, William, 368, 1141, I154 
 Homans, Dorothy, 502 
 Homer, O. C. F., 921 
 Honan, William J., 761 
 Honduras, official representatives, 143, 148, 
 
 152; thanks for hospitality, 162; at Official 
 
 reception, 267 
 Honecker, Max, 368 
 Hones, William, Jr., 503 
 Honorary Foreign Councillor.' ejected, 41; 
 
 names, ..46 
 Honeycutt, Francis W., 280 
 Hooft, M. W. H., 239 
 Hooft. See also 'T Hooft 
 Hooper, Franklin W., 724 
 Hoornbeck, Arthur V., 1141 
 Hope, WiUiam C, 1 141, 1163 
 Hopkins, Eleanor, 501 
 Hopkins, Franklin W., 392, 395 
 Hopkins, S. C, 310 
 Hopman, Kapitan, 860, 873 
 Hopson, J. P., 217 
 Hope & Co., 239 
 Hopping, Earl, 899 
 Horbett, John E., 504 
 
 Horn, Robert, 368 
 
 Horn, William, 231 
 
 Hornaday, William T., 192, 197 
 
 Hornbostel, Henry F., 119, 199, 206 
 
 Horner, Harlan Hoyt, 196 
 
 Horton, Harriette L., 503 
 
 Horton, Mrs. H. H., 778 
 
 Horton, Randolph, 1141, 1154 
 
 HorwiU, Edward T., 834 
 
 Hotchkin, Walter B., 384 
 
 Hotchkin, Mrs. Wm. H., 457 
 
 Hotel Astor, official banquet at, 314 
 
 Hotels, cooperation, 42; entertain official guests, 
 136, 142 et seq. 
 
 Hottenroth, Adolph, 413 
 
 Houghtaling, A. W., 1023 
 
 Houghton, Bradley, 169 
 
 Houseman, A. L., 210 
 
 Hovemann, William, 367 
 
 Howard, Frank B., 940 
 
 Howard, Ruth, 501 
 
 Howard, Mrs. William H., 182 
 
 Howard, W. L., 145, 228, 947 
 
 Howe, Benjamin, 911, 1141, 1157 
 
 Howe, Carl, 214 
 
 Howe, F. E., 1069 
 
 Howe, Ivan, 503 
 
 Howe, John A., Jr., 1016 
 
 Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward, guest, 128, 150; reads 
 poem at Official reception, 253; mentioned, 
 455 
 
 Howe, Richard, 790 
 
 Howe, WiUiam, 435, 782, 790 
 
 Howell, George G., 208 
 
 HoweUs, WiUiam Dean, 748, 114I 
 
 Howland, Henry E., 114I, Il6i 
 
 Hoyt, B.W., 221 
 
 Hoyt, Colgate, 22, 26, 1141, 115J 
 
 Hoyt, John Sherman, 207 
 
 Huart, W. N. M., 240 
 
 Hubbard, Grace L., 502 
 
 Hubbard, Le Roy W., 26, 1141, 1160 
 
 Hubbard, Thomas H., 26, 1141, 1161 
 
 HubbeU, Alice, 503 
 
 HubbeU, Charles B., 390 
 
 Hublitz, Philip, 795 
 
 Hudig & Pieters, 239 
 
 Hudig, D., 86, 240, 1147 
 
 Hudig, D., Pzn., 240 
 
 Hudson City, ceremonies, allocation of funds, 
 928; committees, 997; public safety, 998; 
 decorations, 998; religious service, 998; 
 school exercises, 999; carnival, 1000; arrival 
 of fleet, 1000; street parade, 1000; concerts, 
 1002; D. A. R. functions, 1002; banquet, 
 1008; Gov. Hughes speaks, 1005, 1008; 
 fireworks, 1014. lUustrations: Arrival of 
 steamboat Robert Fulton, 13 11; steamboat 
 Onteora, 1313; scene at riverside, 1313; 
 marines in parade, 13 15; Indians in parade, 
 1315; park and fountain, 1317 
 
Index 
 
 1389 
 
 Hudson-Fulton Celebration, significance, 3, 4; 
 educational, not commercial, 5; historical 
 awakening, 6; assimilation of adopted citi- 
 zens, 7; promotive of international friendship, 
 8; festival of patriotic sentiment, 11; value 
 incalculable, 12; cost, 12; origin, 15; evolution 
 of plan, 58; plan extended, 60, 61; calendar 
 of events, 61-74; Gov. Hughes declares cele- 
 bration worth what it cost, 850, 1007, 1012, 
 1080, 1089 
 
 Hudson Fulton Celebration Commission, 
 typical of the State, 10; unanimity of councils, 
 10; created, 22; chartered, 25; organization 
 and system, 35; officers, 38; membership 
 increased, 40, committees appointed, 42; 
 headquarters, 42; work commended by Gov. 
 Hughes, 1080; hst of members, 113&-1147; 
 list of committees and their duties, 1148- 
 1 164 
 
 Hudson, Henry, quoted, ii; impersonated by 
 William Lam, 97; Collier's painting represent- 
 ing his last voyage, 529; float representing 
 same described, 295; picture float, 641; poem, 
 "Henry Hudson's Last Voyage," by Henry 
 Van Dyke, 740; haunts of goblin crew, 986, 
 996; otherwise mentioned, 3, 9, 15, 16, 17, 21, 
 24, 27, 37, 76. 79. 84. 87, 88, 89, 177, 179, 
 183, 186, 188, 190, 196, 197, 242, 250 et seq., 
 314, 322 et seq., 358, 359, 406, 413 415 et 
 seq., 433, 461, 483, 726 et seq., 931, 967, 990, 
 1024, 1031, 1037, 1048, 1055, 1058, 1073, 
 1085 
 
 Hudson, Henry, of Hudson City, suggests 
 second week of celebration, 926, 997; chair- 
 man of committee on local celebration, 927; 
 vice chairman Upper Hudson committee, 
 927; auditor, 929; mentioned in lists, 1 141, 
 1 1 63 
 
 Hudson, John, son of Henry the navigator, 741 
 
 Hudson Memorial bridge, 16, 17 
 
 Hudson Monument, miniature, 316; at Spu\'ten 
 Duyvil, 383; dedication, 413; picture of monu- 
 
 Hudson Monument committee work, 413; 
 members, 1 155 
 
 Hudson River, significance of discovery, 3; 
 commerce, 323; protection of headwaters, 
 401; pollution, 401, 404; preservation of 
 scenery, 402, 405; strategic key of the Revo- 
 lution, 466; important factor, in history of 
 State, 471; improvement, 1063 
 
 Hudson River Day Line purchases the Clermont 
 replica, 245 
 
 Hudson River scenery, committee, 1098, work, 
 1106; address to the people, 1108; report on 
 legislation, uio; view in the Highlands, 1359; 
 members of committee, 1155 
 
 Hudson Ter-centenary Joint committee organ- 
 ized, i8, 199 
 
 Hudson Tricentennial Association, 16, 17, 18 
 
 Hudson, Walter G., 1141, 1152 
 
 Hughes, Charles E., quoted, ii; approves selec- Hudson 
 tion of audit company, 47; on Clermont, 114; j_ 
 receives official calls, 141; oflicial guest, 142; tj . j^; 
 presides at Official banquet, 317; speaks at autcnins 
 Newburgh, 357; speaks at dedication of 
 Palisades Interstate Park, 400; lays corner- 
 stone of Hudson monument, 421; speaks at 
 Stony Point, 458, 464; at Brooklyn reception, 
 721; at Richmond banquet, 764; speaks at 
 Brons banquet, 797, 798; at concert in Hip- 
 podrome, S31; speaks at Harlem banquet, 
 849; at Yonkers, 911, 912; reviews parade 
 in Newburgh, 938; arrives at Poughkeepsie, 
 948; speaks there, 949, 951, 967; at Kingston, 
 973; speaks there, 975, 980; arrives at Cats- 
 kill, 989; speaks there, 991; speaks at Hud- 
 son, 1005, 1009; in Albany ceremonies, 1023; 
 speaks there, 1026, 1030; reviews parade, 
 1029; presides at Sunday service, 1046; at 
 Troy, 1068, 1069; escorted by children, 1070; 
 speaks, 1077; speaks in Cohoes, 1085; in 
 picture at Yonkers, 1277; in picture at Cats- 
 kill, 1305; in picture at Albany, 1329; in pic- 
 ture at Troy, 1335 
 
 Hughes, Mrs. Charies E., 115, 153, jzi, 831, 
 852, 911, 1068, 1069, 1071, 1072 
 
 Hughes, John L., 1141, 1163 
 
 Hugo, Francis M., 1141, 1154 
 
 Huguenots, 296, 647, 783, 787. See also Leisler 
 
 Huguenot Society', 290 
 
 Huguet, Capitaine, 146, 229 
 
 HuU, Albert E., 888 
 
 Hull, Mildred, 501 
 
 Hull, Sarah R., 923 
 
 Hulse, WilHam, 503 
 
 Hulsinga Bros., 240 
 
 Humor, float, described, 376; picture, 1189 
 
 Hungarian citizens participation in celebra- 
 tion, 287, 289, 507, 915 
 
 Hunt, Lynn D., 502 
 
 Hunt, Richard, 115 
 
 Hunt, William T., 1 141, 11 59 
 
 Hunt, W. M., 144 
 
 Huntington, Archer M., vice-chairman of Medal 
 committee, 76; mentioned in lists, 1141, 1150, 
 1158 
 
 Huntington, Mrs. C. P., 179 
 
 Huntington, Herbert, 778 
 
 Huntington, Sarah L., 182 
 
 Huntington, WiUiamR., 182 
 
 Huntting, T. D., 26, 1141, 1152 
 
 Huppuch, Winfield A., 1141, 1163 
 
 Hurd, Gertrude M., 504 
 
 Hurd, Handford B., 503 
 
 Hurry, Gilford, 289, 346, 365 
 
 Huse, H. McL. P., 145, 228 
 
 Huske, John, 932 
 
 Huson, Calvin J., 1141 
 
 Hussey, William M., 1021 
 
 Hustedt, Albert, 370 
 
 Hutchins, Walter L., 1015, I14I, I163 
 
I390 
 
 Index 
 
 Hutchin- Hutchinson, Charles L., 179 
 son to Hyde, Mrs. George F., 386 
 
 Jesup I 
 
 Ide, A. M., 1068 
 
 Ikier, Charles, 373, 837 
 
 Ilante, Ulrcc, 504 
 
 niig, Maurice Leslie, 503 
 
 Illuminations: InNew York, 120; illustrations. 
 New York City Hall, 573; Washington Arch, 
 575; Court of Honor, 577; Plaza Hotel, 579; 
 Soldiers and Sailors' Monument, 581; One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, 583; Ryan 
 Scintillator, 585; OfEcial Landing and Fleet, 
 587; Fleet and Fireworks, 589, 591; Bridges, 
 593; Soldiers and Sailors' Arch, Brooklyn, 
 595; Brooklyn Institute, 597; Bronx Borough 
 Hall, 599; Statue of Liberty, 601. Illumi- 
 nations in Yonkers, 917; picture, 1279; in 
 Newburgh, 938; picture, 1293; in Pough- 
 keepsie, 943; in Kingson, 970; pictures, 1299, 
 1301; in Catskill, 987, 996; in Hudson, 998, 
 icxx>; in Albany, 1018; in Troy, pictures, 
 1341. 1343 
 
 Illluminations committee, work, 120; members, 
 1156 
 
 Imanishi, Kenji, 1 141 
 
 Imanishi, Mrs. , 852, 855 
 
 Immink, A. J., 240 
 
 Improved Order of Red Men, 290, 757, 907, 
 9'3. 975. 995. io95 
 
 Tncasso Bank, 239 
 
 Indians, 183-185, 193, 196, 287, 412, 430, 439, 
 440, 442, 445, 856, 894, 989; pictures, in his- 
 torical parade, 629-637; at Columbia Uni- 
 versity, 711; at Palisades Park, 1229. See, 
 also, chapters on Upper Hudson celebrations 
 
 Indian Period, float, described, 293; picture, 
 629 
 
 Indian War Dance, float, described, 294; pic- 
 ture, 637 
 
 Ingram, Jessie, 503 
 
 Insignia and Publications, 75; insignia of 
 Public Health committee, 884 
 
 Internationale Crediet en Handelsvereeniging 
 "Rotterdam," 239 
 
 Invitations committee, work, 126; form of in- 
 vitations, 128; members of committee, 1156 
 
 Inwood Hill Park, committee work, 1098; pic- 
 ture of hill, 1355; members of committee, 
 .,56 
 
 Irish-American Athletic Club, 292 
 
 Irish citizens participation in celebration, 62, 
 287, 289, 290, 291, 506, 760, 829, 830, 1029 
 
 Irish Counties Athletic Union, 292 
 
 Irmscher, Fritz, 369 
 
 Irving, John J., 1141 
 
 Irving, Washington, 6, 337, 416, 747, 1038, 1078 
 
 Irvington ceremonies, 896, 897 
 
 Irwin, Mary Regina, 504 
 
 Irwin, Roscoe, 1141 
 
 Isham, Charles, 390 
 
 Italian citizens participation in celebration, 
 287, 289, 290, 292, 350, 432, 476, 506, 507, 
 758, 1029 
 
 Italy, official representatives, 143, 147, 149, 152; 
 at Official reception, 267; ships, 147, 229; 
 crew wins prize, 306; sailors and cadets in 
 Military parade, 347, 351; presented with 
 gold medal, 1 125 
 
 Izaguirre, Manuel E., guest, 143; speaks at 
 Official banquet, 31S, 332; at Brooklyn re- 
 ception, 722; mentioned, 1128 
 
 J 
 
 Jaccaci, August F., charter member, 26; trustee, 
 27; chairman of Badges, Flag and Poster 
 committee, 84, 86; promotes building of Half 
 Moon, 93; member Naval Parade committee, 
 206; in list of Commissioners, 1141; commit- 
 tees, 1150, 1151, 1158, I159, I161 
 
 Jackson, Andrew, 733 
 
 Jackson, G. Harry, 209 
 
 Jackson, H. A., Jr., 310 
 
 Jackson, Robert G., 921 
 
 Jackson, Thomas Jonathan, "Stonewall, "752 
 
 Jacobi, Abraham, 869 
 
 Jacobs, Jesse, 1141 
 
 Jacobs, Marks, 1141 
 
 Jacobson, van den Berg, & Co., 240 
 
 Jaeger, Felix, 835 
 
 Jaeger, Magdalena, 835, 836 
 
 Jaeger, Rudolf, 373 
 
 James, Arthur Curtiss, 1141, 1149 
 
 James, Harry, 1141, 1149 
 
 James, Harry B., 1141 
 
 Jamison, Charles S., 503 
 
 Jannink, E., 240 
 
 Jannink, G. J., 240 
 
 Janpolski, Albert G., 835 
 
 Jansen, Raymond, R., 501 
 
 Jansson, R., 308 
 
 Japan, Official representatives, 143, 149, 152; 
 thanks for hospitality, 162; at Official recep- 
 tion, 269 
 
 Japanese Cherry Trees presented, 243 
 
 Japanese children's participation in celebration, 
 5°7 
 
 Jarvis, George T., guest, 151 
 
 Jarvis, Nathan S., 348 
 
 Jay, John, 340, 47I 
 
 Jay, William, charter member, 26; trustee, 27; 
 in Commission fist, 1 141; committees, 1 153, 
 I156, 1158, Ii6i 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas, 270, 333, 432, 471, 732, 
 734. 77J 
 
 Jelul, Sid Mohamed Ben Abdeslam Ben, 135, 
 
 143 
 Jennings, F. B., letter of thanks, 156, 
 
 '57 
 
 Jesup, Morris K., 
 Jesup, Mrs. Morri 
 
 18, 25, 27, 38, I14I 
 
Index 
 
 1 391 
 
 letter, Fred, 371 
 ewett, Henry C, 280 
 iskoot, W., 239 
 itta, D. Josephus, 240 
 ohnson, A. E., 1141 
 ohnson, Mrs. Arthur G., 426 
 ohnson, Bessie M., 503 
 ohnson, Carroll, 501 
 ohnson, Charles C, 503 
 ohnson, Edna L., 502 
 ohnson, Edward P., 427, 442 
 ohnson, EHas M., 413, 1141 
 ohnson, G., 215 
 ohnson, Helen Mae, 503 
 ohnson, Henry C, Sr., 815 
 ohnson, Hope, 415 
 ohnson, Mrs. Isaac B., 426 
 ohnson, Mrs. James W., 426 
 ohnson, John G., 180 
 ohnson, J. Herbert, 182 
 ohnson, Robert Underwood, poem, III 
 ohnson, William, 221 
 ohnson, William, Sir, 470 
 ohnson, W. Manville, 502 
 
 ton, Edgar, 987 
 
 ton, Sidney, 501 
 omelli, Jeanne, 842, 843 
 ones, Bradford, 914 
 
 , Clifford, 280 
 
 , David William, 503 
 ones, Everett L., 503 
 H. A., 145 
 John Paul, 329, 437 
 ones, Morgan A., 997 
 ones, Nathan S., 761 
 ones, Oliver L., 390 
 ones, Ruth, 502 
 ones, S. C, 906 
 ones, Willard, 501 
 ones, WiUiam B., 1015, ioi6, I14I 
 onson, Ben, 431 
 ordan, Catherine, 504 
 osephi, Rudolph, 366 
 osephthal, L. M., 206 
 oslin, F. W., 1050 
 oyce, Agnes, 504 
 oyce, Frank, 830 
 
 oyce, Henry L., 206, 209, II4I, I1J9 
 oyce, John, 369 
 udgc, Denis A., 220 
 udgc, Eugene R., 220 
 
 in, Roswell S., 1141, 1163 
 
 .n, Wm. F., 895, 896 
 
 Robert, 740, 986 
 ungtn, Carl W., 106, 1:41, 1159 
 unghaus, Ernest, 370 
 unghaus, Minnie, 370 
 ungle, float, described, 380; picture, 1211 
 unioi Order of American Mechanics, 291 
 uigensen. Berta, 372 
 urgensen, Hans, 364, 366 372, 836 
 
 Jusserand, Jean J., 158, 477 
 Justus, Irving J., 114I, 1 163 
 
 Kaever, O. A. M., 923 
 Kalbach, A. E., 206, 347 
 
 Kaleck, E., 370 
 
 Kalff, J., 240 
 
 Kaltwasser, G. A., 368 
 
 Kalf, Willem, paintings, 179 
 
 Kammerer, Jacob, 371 
 
 Kane, John P., Jr., 114I 
 
 Kane, M. J., 778 
 
 Karsten, Helen, 370 
 
 Kastner, R., 368 
 
 Katz, Jacob, 1141, n6o 
 
 Kaufmann, Gustave, H4I, 1151 
 
 Kaupe, Albert, 367 
 
 Kearney, Monte, 211 
 
 Keating, Helen J., 501 
 
 Keefe, John A., Jr., 933, 934 
 
 Keefe, John J., 502 
 
 Keefe, Mary Clestina, 502 
 
 Keenan, Elizabeth, 501 
 
 Keenan, William M., 1069 
 
 Keep, Dorothea, 182 
 
 Keeser, A., & Son, 240 
 
 Keesler, Bradley, 900 
 
 Keifer, J. Warren, 794, 797, 803, 809, 8n 
 
 Keiling, Anne, 369 
 
 Keins, Konstantin, 366 
 
 Kejia, Frederico, 722 
 
 Kelch, Paul L., 503 
 
 Keller, Mrs. Frederick L., 922 
 
 Keller, Irving G., 220 
 
 Keller, Valentin F., 371 
 
 Kelley, Frank L., 503 
 
 Kelley, Grants., 3 u 
 
 Kelley, James E., 1141 
 
 Kellogg, Wesley H., 502 
 
 Kellogg, Frank W., 145, 228 
 
 Kelly, Hugh, 26, 114I 
 
 Kelly, John P., 1141 
 
 Kelly, Miss, 903 
 
 Kelly, Thomas, 289, 830 
 
 Kelly, Thomas H., 182 
 
 Kelly, W. H., 933 
 
 Kelly, Winifred A., 504 
 
 Kelterborn, A. G., 367 
 
 Kennard, H. W., 148 
 
 Kennard, Mrs. H. W., 153, 852 
 
 Kenneally, William P., 887, 888, 1141; c< 
 
 mittees, 1149, 1155, 1157 
 Kennedy, Ehjah R., 390 
 Kennedy, James H., 20, 22, 26, 28, 1141 
 Kenncy, Francis P., 724, 887, 1141; committi 
 
 1149, 1151, 1157 
 Kent, Henry Watson, 196 
 Kenyon, Mary, 503 
 Keogh, Justice, 921 
 Keppel, Frederick P., 853 
 
 Jetter 
 
 to 
 Keppel 
 
1392 
 
 Index 
 
 Keppler Keppler, Joseph, 1 141 
 jQ Kermes, Elizabeth, 372 
 
 „ . Kermes, Magdalene, 372 
 
 lS.ntZ- Kernahan, Harry, 310 
 man Kerney, James, 1 141, 1 159 
 
 Kernohan, Karl, 949 
 Kerstein, Fred, 370 
 Kersting, Henry A., 368 
 Kerwin, Joseph A., 504 
 Kessinger, Albert R., 1141, II54 
 Kessler, Hugo, 778, 837 
 Kessler, Mrs. J. B. Aug., 240 
 Ketcham, John H., 26, 114I 
 Ketchum, George F., 1 141 
 Ketner, Frank W., looi 
 Keun, Julius, 367 
 Keveny, Thomas S., 1084 
 Key, Albert L., guest, 145, 228, 947, 962 
 Keyser, A. W., & Sons, 240 
 Keyser, Howard M., 502 
 Kiersch, W. J. P. A., 240 
 Kimmel, John, 114I 
 King, Alice A., 842 
 King, C. J., 144 
 King, Dorothy, 367 
 King, Ethel, 367 
 King, Helen L., 842 
 King, Horatio C, i6, 28, 724, 1141; committees, 
 
 1151,1155,1158 
 Kmg, John, 739, 741 
 King, John A., 820 
 King, Lillian M., 503 
 King, Rufus, 820 
 Kingsbury, F. D., 114I 
 Kingsley, Mrs. Darwin P., 426 
 Kingston ceremonies, allocation of funds, 928, 
 969; committee, 969; religious services, 969; 
 concerts, 970, 972; illuminations, 970; school 
 exercises, 971; Chambers monument, 971; 
 public safety, 972; historical floats, 972; 
 arrival of fleet, 973; street parade, 973; In- 
 dustrial Home tablet, 979; banquet, 980; 
 illustrations: Wall street decorated, 1295; 
 Court of Honor, 1297; Court of Honor illu- 
 minated, 1299; Strand at night, 1301; electric 
 flag, 1303 
 Kingston Industrial Home tablet, 384 
 Kingston, James S., 501 
 Kinnear, David M., 1015, 1 141, 1163 
 Kirby, Frank E., 105, 115, 1141 
 Kirby, John E., 795 
 Kirby, Russell, 115 
 Kirlighn, Francis, 503 
 Kitchener, Lord, tribute to West Point, 281 
 Kittelberger, Mrs. Albert, 372 
 Kittell, James S., 1044, 1045 
 Kittredge, Dr., 845 
 Kitusaburo, Fukui, 243 
 Klaarwater, Theunis J., 979 
 Klein, B., 833 
 Klein, Manuel, 308 
 
 Klein, William W., 413, 841 
 
 Kleinert, Albert E., 26, 724, 1141, 1151, 1 152 
 
 Kline, G. W., 145, 207, 947 
 
 Klock, Jay E., 969 
 
 Knapp, ClifJord, 501 
 
 Knapp, C. N., 1141 
 
 Knapp, George, 502 
 
 Knapp, Wallace, 151 
 
 Knickerbocker, Diedrich, float, described, 304; 
 picture, 681 
 
 Knights of Columbus, 758 
 
 Kniskern, Ford, 2 10 
 
 Knox, Evelyn, 112 
 
 Knox, P. C, letter to diplomatic officers, 130 
 
 Knox, Raymond C, 853 
 
 Kochenkow, Max, 369 
 
 Koderer, Fred, 371 
 
 Koehler, Emma, 371 
 
 Koenig, Annie, 370 
 Koenig, C. August, 1141, 1 1 54 
 Koenig, Elizabeth, 370 
 Koenig, H., 370 
 Koenig, Jos., 373 
 Koenig, Samuel S., 150 
 Koenig, Mrs. Samuel S., 153 
 Koeppe, Max, 364, 366, 369 
 Koeppe, William, 369 
 Kohl, Henry, 938, 1141, 1164 
 Kohler, H. J., water color painring of Half 
 Moon, frontispiece of volume I, presented to 
 Commission, 91 
 Kohls, Ernst, 370 
 Kohn, Albert M., 386 
 Kohn, Irene, 368 
 Kohn, Robert D., 386 
 Kokerthal, Joshua, 930 
 Kruger, Paul, 752 
 Kolff, Cornelius G., 762, 778 
 Koller, Paul W., 999 
 Kolstad, Charles, 368 
 Konig, Leo, 371 
 
 Koninck, PhiUps, paintings, 179 
 Konink. Nederl. Grossmcderij, 241 
 Konink. Nederl. Mij. tot Exploitatie van 
 
 Petroleumbronner in Ned. Indie, 240 
 Kool, P. C, 241 
 Koos, D., 833 
 Kooy, B. van Marwijk, 241 
 Koppel, Albert, 369 
 Korn, Lewis W., 114I 
 Korteweg, P. C, 241 
 Korth, Charies O., 831 
 Kosciuszko, Tadeusz, 437 
 Kouwenhoven, W. H., 760 
 Kracke, Annia, 372 
 Kraft, Charles, 367 
 Kraft, John E., 1141 
 Kramer, Mrs. Samuel J., 386, 387 
 Kramp, Felix, 933 
 Krantz, J. J., & Son, 241 
 Kritzman, William, 997 
 
Index 
 
 1393 
 
 Kroger, Adolf, 372 
 
 Kroger, Henry, 413 
 
 Krohn, Ch., 366 
 
 Krohn, Otto, 372 
 
 Kronan, Rudolf, 372 
 
 Kronold, Selma, 830, 831 
 
 Kroupensky, B., guest, 149; letter of thanks, 169 
 
 Kronskoff, Herman, 502 
 
 Krueger, Carl, 367 
 
 Krueger, Hilda, 367 
 
 Krueger, Meta, 370 
 
 Kruger, Theodore, 367 
 
 Krum, Hobart, 1141 
 
 Kruse, Anton, 368, 831 
 
 Kruthoffer, H., 239 
 
 Kryn, Frederick, 427 
 
 Kubie, Lawrence S., 502 
 
 Kuenzinger, F. A., 833 
 
 Kues, George A., 367 
 
 Kues, Werner, 368 
 
 Kuhn, Herman, 371 
 
 Kuiper, A., 241 
 
 Kulenkampf, J., 845 
 
 Kumpfer, A., 368 
 
 Kuni, Kuniyoshi, guest, 143; expresses thanks, 
 162; delivers message at OfEcial reception, 
 269; speaks at Official banquet, 317, 327; at 
 Brooklyn reception, 722; at Naval fete, 
 
 85s 
 
 Kuni, Princess Kuniyoshi, 153; expression of 
 thanks, 162, 722; guest, 852, 855 
 
 Kunkel, Olive, 503 
 
 Kunsthng, Karl, 367 
 
 Kunz, George F., suggests a worid's fair, 17; 
 charter member, 26; trustee, 28, 39; assists 
 in designing postage stamp, 89; chairman of 
 Historical and Scientific Exhibits committee, 
 174; suggests museum exhibitions, 175; con- 
 tributes to art exhibition, 182; on Naval 
 Parade committee, 206; speaks at dedi- 
 cation of PaHsades Park, 392, 395, 403; at 
 dedication of Fort Tryon monument, 446; 
 on Stony Point committee, 457; absent from 
 Stony Point, 469; in receiving party at Met- 
 ropolitan Museum, 844; suggests Columbia 
 University lawn fete, 853, 855; at Von Koester 
 dinner, 873; calls on Mayor concerning 
 Inwood Park, iioo; in Commission list, 1 141; 
 committees, 1149, 1150, I153, I156, 1159, 
 1160, 1161, 1162 
 
 Kunz, Mrs. George P., 855, 873 
 
 Kuryff, Theodore E., 845 
 
 Kuyper, A., 238, 1147 
 
 Kuyper, van der Dam & Smeer, 239 
 
 Laan, J. A., 239 
 
 Laase, Madeline M., 370 
 
 Labouchere, Oyens & Co., 239 
 
 La Combe, Charles F., 121 
 
 Ladd. Wilham W.. ^^, 346, 365, 390 
 
 La Farge, John, 26, 28, 1 141, 1153, 1 155 Kroger 
 
 Lafayette, Marie Jean Paul Roch Yves Gilbert ^^ 
 Motier, 431, 437 
 
 Lafayette's Reception, float, described, 302; ^*"'^'S'' 
 picture, 675 
 
 Laffan, William F.,1141 
 
 La Fontaine, Louis C, 151 
 
 Lagaay, J., 845 
 
 Lake Champlain Ter-centenary Commission 
 representatives, 150 
 
 Lake, Claude, 502 
 
 Lam, William, commands Half Moon and im- 
 personates Hudson, 97, 207; guest, 147; 
 formally reports arrival, 234; at Newburgh, 
 359; at Holland Society banquet, S45; at 
 Poughkeepsie, 947, 962, 968; at Catskill, 
 992, 1003, 1005, 1008, 1013; at Albany, 1024, 
 1025, 1026, 1030, 1044; at Troy, 1081 
 
 Lam, Mrs. William, 852 
 
 Lamb, Charles R., chairman of conference com- 
 mittee, 23; charter member, 26; chairman 
 Reviewing Stands and Decorations commit- 
 tee, 116; designs Court of Honor and decora- 
 tions, 118; plans followed by Aldermen, 889; 
 in Commission list, 1141; committees, 1152, 
 1161; designs Fort Tryon 
 
 Lamb, Frederick S., charte 
 
 National Arts Club 
 worker for Palisades j 
 Commission hst, 1141 
 1.58 
 
 Lamb, J. & R., 430, 445 
 
 Lambert, Cecil F., 147, 228, 860 
 
 Lammie, George, 371 
 
 Lammle, Joseph, 364, 366 
 
 Lampe, George A., 367 
 
 Lampe, Lilhan A., 369 
 
 Lampson, June, 503 
 
 Lancaster, Nanette, 504 
 
 Landolt, H. J., 364, 366, 859 
 
 Landrey, S. M., 208 
 
 Lanel, Etienne M. L., 151, 477 
 
 Langenau, Reinhold, 364, 366, 373 
 
 Langer, William, 853 
 
 Langhorst, Herman, 369 
 
 Langley, Samuel Pierpont, 263 
 
 Lanman, Mrs. WiUiam C, 182 
 
 Lansing, Mrs. Abraham, 182 
 
 Lansing, Egbert P., 1084 
 
 Lansing, Floyd, 501 
 
 Lansing, William, Jr., 221 
 
 Larkin, Thomas F., 920 
 
 Larsen, Hans M., 209 
 
 Lascelles, Frank, 43, 282 
 
 Latham, Hubert, 488, 491 
 
 Lathrop, Austin, 1141 
 
 Lathrop, Dorothy, 500 
 
 Latson, Almet R., 349, 723, 756 
 
 Lauer, Joseph W., 504 
 
 Laurence, Anson, 501 
 
 Laurier, Carl, 502 
 
 nonument, 445 
 
 member, 26; on 
 
 , 188; pioneer 
 
 ation, 395; in 
 
 '155. 
 
1394 
 
 Index 
 
 Living- 
 
 Lavelle Lavelle, Monsignor, 478 
 jQ Lavender, Ellis, Z20 
 
 Law and Legislat: 
 members, 1 156 
 
 Law, Walter W., Jr., 899 
 
 Lawlor, Jeremiah, 830 
 
 Lawrence, Benjamin B., 853 
 
 Lawrence, James V., 9.7 
 
 Lawrence, Lydia G., 398 
 
 Lawrence, Richard W., 794 
 
 Lawrence, Robert, 1141, 1154 
 
 Lawshe, Wilford R., 182 
 
 Lawton, William, 310 
 
 Layden, Leon M., 501 
 
 Lazo, Luis, 148 
 
 Leary, Annie, 855 
 
 Leavitt, Robert P., 997 
 
 Le Bellecou, Commissaire, 146 
 
 Le Bourreau, F. E., 217 
 
 Le Boutillier, William G., 288, 289, 366 
 
 Leach, John Anderson, 815 
 
 Lectures committee, work, 715; members, ii;6 
 
 Lectures, public, in New York, 715; lecture 
 centers, 716; hst of stereopticon views, 717; 
 distribution of stereopticon views, 718 
 
 Lederer, Max, 350 
 
 Lee, Charles, 437 
 
 Lee, Edward E., 1 141 
 
 Lee, Homer, 26, 1141, 1:52 
 
 Lee, John, 1141 
 
 Lee, Roberf E., 752 
 
 Lee, Thomas H., 457, 459, 1141, 1157, 1162 
 
 Leeds, Louise M., 503 
 
 Leemans, W. F., 241 
 
 Le Fevre, Capitaine, 146, 229 
 
 Lefevre, Pontalis M., 148, 855 
 
 Lefler, Charles W., 26, J141, 1160' 
 
 Legislation and Law committee, work, 24; 
 members, I156; legislation, 25, 29, 30, 31, 
 3^ 
 
 Legislative Entertainment committee, 1157 
 
 Lehmann, E. A., 239 
 
 Lehrcnkrauss, Julius, 26, I14I 
 
 Leigh, Frederick T., 289, 346, 366 
 
 Leining, L., S31 
 
 Leipziger, Henry M., charter member, 26; 
 trustee, 28; abroad, 469; organizer of Pub- 
 lic Lecture system, 715; in Commission list, 
 1141; committees, 1154, 1156, 1161 
 
 Leisler and the Huguenots, float, described, 
 296, picture, 647 
 
 Lemare, Edwin H., 317 
 
 Lemmi, Michele, 477 
 
 Lemmon, Lois, 501 
 
 Lennon, James T., 921, 1 141 
 
 Leonard, Carrie, 502 
 
 Leonard, Clarence E., 43, 427, 891, 896, 909, 
 921, 1141, 1154, 1157, Il6o 
 
 Leonard, Edgar C, 1028 
 
 Leonard, Vincent, 502 
 
 Leonard!, M., 147 
 
 Le Pord, Jules Louis Marie, guest, 145, 229 
 
 visits West Point, 281; speaks at OfEcia; 
 
 banquet, 317, 331; at Brooklyn reception, 
 
 722; at Naval fete, 855 
 Le Sauvage, G. R., 311 
 Lester, James W., 1072 
 Lester, M. EUzabeth, 386 
 Letchworth, William P., 1 141 
 Lethbridge, Rodney, 501 
 Levi, Nathaniel H., 724 
 Levi son, J. J., 191 
 Levison, Leo, 368 
 Levy, Abraham, 501, 1 141, 1160 
 Levy, Florence N., 196 
 Lewis, Hazel, 502 
 Lewis, Jack, 761 
 Lewis, Rhea, 501 
 Lewis, W. H., 220 
 Lexow, Clarence, 26, 114I, 1157 
 Leyland, James, 210 
 Leyster, Judith, painting, 179 
 L'Horamedieu, S., 219 
 Libbey, E. D., 180 
 Libbey, J. M., 386 
 Liberty, Statue of, float, described, 304; picture 
 
 of float, 681 ; illumination of statue, 601 
 Liberia, official representative, 152 
 Lieb, J. W., Jr., 477 
 Lief sting, F. B. Coninck, 241 
 Lieftinck, F., 239 
 Lieth, Meta K. v. S., 370 
 Lilienthal, J. H., 761 
 
 Lincoln, Abraham, 270, 333, 431, 466, 471, 746 
 Lincoln, Mrs. James M., 386 
 Lindenthal, Gustav, charter member, 26; 
 
 chairman. Music Festivals committee, 829; 
 
 in Commission Hst, 1 141; committees, 1155, 
 
 1 158, 1 161 
 Lindsay, Allan, 1067 
 Lingner, Dorothea, 372 
 Linn, George, 215 
 Linn, William A., 392, 395 
 Linsel, C. F., 368 
 Lipp, William A., 503 
 Lippman, Rosenthal & Co., 239 
 Lips, J., & Son, 241 
 Lipscomb, Russell A., 503 
 Liscom, Mrs. Chas. H., 386 
 Literary Exercises committee, official, Z48; 
 
 members, 11 59 
 Literary Exercises, official, in Manhattan 
 
 merged with official reception, 248; in Brook- 
 lyn, 724 
 Little, Andre F., 501 
 Little, Arthur W., 348 
 Little, F. T., 760 
 Little, John F., 1141 
 Livingston, Edward de P., 390 
 Livingston, Gilbert, 979 
 Livingston, Harriet, 114, 242, 359, 961, 1006 
 Livingston, Herman, 1142, 1164 
 
Index 
 
 1395 
 
 Livingston, John Henry, 114, 115, 988, 1004, 
 114Z, 1164 
 
 Livingston, Mrs. John Henry, 115 
 
 Livingston, Robert R., chancellor, 109, no, 
 961; descendants, in, 114, 115; imperso- 
 nated, 114 
 
 Livingston, Robert Reginald, 114, II42 
 
 Livingston, William, 850 
 
 Livingstone, Mrs. R. S., 1071 
 
 Lloyd, James H., 973, 974, 1049, 1071 
 
 Lockhart, Geraldine, 504 
 
 Lockvjood, E. J., 903 
 
 Lockwood, Luke V., 182 
 
 Loder, C. L., draws plans of Half Moon, 96; 
 donor, 241 
 
 Loeb, Jacques, 263 
 
 Loeb, William, Jr., guest, 127, 150; in Naval 
 Parade committee, 206; accepts Fort Amster- 
 dam tablet, 441; in lists, 1142, 1159 
 
 Loeb, Mrs. William, Jr., 852 
 
 Loecher, Theodore, 504 
 
 Loeff, J. A., 241 
 
 Lodge, Henry Cabot, 787 
 
 Loftus, Margaret, 504 
 
 Logan, Frank G., 179 
 
 Logan, Walter S., 26, 1142 
 
 Logan, War Chief, 894 
 
 Lograsso, Angeline, 500 
 
 Lohengrin, float, described, 374; picture, 1 179 
 
 Lohman, Jacob, 372 
 
 Loomis, Mildred, 503 
 
 Longfellow, Frederick W., 115 
 
 Longfellow, Mrs. Frederick, 115 
 
 Longfellow, Henry W., 432 
 
 Long Island Historical Society exhibition, 70, 
 187, 195 
 
 Longwell, William V., 1142 
 
 Loomis, E. E., 1 142, 1163 
 
 Lopez, Felicisimo, 151 
 
 Lopez, Jacinto, guest, 152 
 
 Lorelei, float, described, 374; picture, I181 
 
 Lord, Chester S., 1142, n6l 
 
 Loree, Leonor F., 1 142 
 
 Lorenz, Julius, 831, 839 
 
 Lorenz, Ostermey, 370 
 
 Loring, Charles H., 26, 1142 
 
 Loth, Charles M., 859 
 
 Lotma, Charles, 216 
 
 Loud, George W., 987 
 
 Loudon, H., 239 
 
 Loudon, J., guest, 149; letter of thanks, 166; 
 donor, 241; speaks at OfEcial banquet, 318, 
 336; at Brooklyn reception, 722; at Nether- 
 lands Club banquet, 848, at Albany banquet, 
 1032, 1037 
 
 Loudon, Mrs. J., 722, 852 
 
 Loudon-de Stcurs, Mrs., 241 
 
 Loughnan, Patrick, 917 
 
 Lounsberry, M. Louis, 501 
 
 Lounsbury, Phineas C, 1142, I161 
 
 Louisiana purchase, 733 
 
 Love, Emerson, 219 Living- 
 
 Lovejoy, F. W., 208 ston 
 
 Loveil, Grace, 501 
 
 Lovell, William H., 1 142 *° 
 
 Low, Joseph T., 390 Lyons 
 
 Low, Seth, receives suggestion for Hudson 
 Memorial bridge, 16; charter member of 
 Commission, 26, 28; Vice-President, 38, 
 1 136; on special testimonial committee, 39; 
 chairman of Reception committee, 132, 248; 
 receives ofEcial calls, 141; entertains Mrs. 
 Howe, 150; thanked by Minister Coromilas, 
 160; by Delegate Clephane, 162; by Moorish 
 delegates, 163; by Capt. Colenbrander, 165; 
 by Vicomte de Ahe, 168; by Charge 
 d'Affaircs Kroupensky, 169; by Admiral 
 Schroeder, 173; with Andrew D. White, at 
 Delft, 343; at German banquet, 859; speaks 
 at same, 868; signs letters accompanying 
 gold medals to heads of governments sending 
 ships, 1 1 15, 1119 et seq.; in Commission list, 
 II42; committees, I153, I158, I160, 1161 
 Low, Mrs, Seth, entertains Mrs. Howe, 150; 
 
 dinner to visiting ladies, 851 
 Lowe, Mrs. Nathan J., 778 
 Lower Hudson ceremonies, 890; program, 892; 
 incidents of the celebration, 893; Yonkers 
 
 Lower Hudson comrm'ttee work, 890; members, 
 
 "57 
 Lowther-Crofton, Edward B., 146 
 Lucas, Daniel R., 880 
 Lucas, F. A., 186 
 Luck, Jessie, 500 
 Ludlow, H. S., 1069 
 Ludlow, James B., 11; 
 Ludlow, Mrs. James B., IIJ 
 Ludlow, Richard M., 115 
 Ludlow, Robert Fulton, 114, 115, 182, 202, 555, 
 
 942, 1004, 1142, 1151, 1164 
 Ludlow, Mrs. Robert Fulton, 115 
 Ludwig, L., 368 
 Ludwig, William, S30, 831 
 Luitsz, E., 241 
 Lull, Sadie R., 503 
 Lurie, Emil, 372 
 Lurins, Constantin, 838 
 Luthy, F. J., 373 
 Luxemburg, otEcial representatives, 143; at 
 
 ofEcial reception, 269 
 Lyman, Hart, 1 142, 1 161 
 Lynch, James J., 368 
 Lynch, John A., 901 
 Lynch, Martin S., 1142 
 Lynch, Thomas, 1 142, 1157 
 Lyon, L P., 182 
 Lyon, Bernice, 501 
 Lyon, Bert E., 1048, 1049, 1069 
 Lyon, J. B., Co., 128 
 Lyons, Emily, 504 
 Lyons, Francis T., 210 
 
1396 
 
 Index 
 
 McAvoy 
 
 Maass, Charles, 206 
 
 Maass, Henry, 373 
 
 Mabcn, Miss, 873 
 
 Mabie, Hamilton W., 748, 859 
 
 MacArthur, Arthur, 355; speaks at Newburgh, 
 357; elected chairman. Upper Hudson com- 
 mittee, 927, 1049; auditor, 929; speaks at 
 Kingston, 981 ; at Troy, 1073, 1075; at Cohoes, 
 1092; in Commission list, 1142; committees, 
 I161, 1163; other mention, 982 
 
 MacArthur, John R., 873 
 
 MacArthur, Mrs. John R., 873 
 
 Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 432 
 
 MacCracken, Henry M., 385; at Bronx ban- 
 quet, 797; speaks, 807; in Commission list, 
 1 142 
 
 MacDonald, G. A., 998 
 
 Macdonald, Mrs. Pierce, 182 
 
 MacDougall, D., 1142, 1152 
 
 MacEvitt, J. C, 206 
 
 MacFarland, Robert J., 724, 1142, I151, I164 
 
 Machado, Gerardo, guest, 143; speaks at 
 OfEcial reception, 257; at Brooklyn reception, 
 722 
 
 Mackay, M., 93, 237, 238, 239, 1147 
 
 Mackay, John, 386 
 
 MacKenzie, A. A., 209 
 
 MacLaughlin, Creswell, 906, 1142, 1152, 1157 
 
 MacLellan, E. M., 211 
 
 MacMinn, Romaine, 502 
 
 Madden, Joel D., II 42 
 
 Madden, Nellie, 504 
 
 Madison, James, 471 
 
 Maes, Nicolaes, paintings, 179 
 
 Magaw, Robert, 389, 410 
 
 Magee, Henry, 830 
 
 Magee, Mrs., 873 
 
 Magellan, Ferdinand, 481 
 
 Magrath, P. F., 1142, 1154 
 
 Maher, Edward A., Jr., 816 
 
 Maher, Joseph, 504 
 
 Mahlstedt, J. A., 311 
 
 Mahoney, D. F., 386 
 
 Mahoney, Irene, 504 
 
 Maier, Otto, 369 
 
 MaH, Pierre, 151 
 
 Mallery, William A., 1004, 1 142 
 
 Mandeville, Alfred R., 115 
 
 Mandeville,\V.H., 1142,1154 
 
 Mangam, Mrs., 873 
 
 Manhattan College, 719 
 
 Manhattan Committee, 41; members, 1157 
 
 Manigan, Helena, 501 
 
 Mann, Elias P., appoints Troy Executive com- 
 mittee, 1048; speaks in Music Hall, 1053, 
 1054; in Naval Parade, 1067, 1068; presides 
 at banquet on Trojan, 1073, 1075, 1077, 
 1081; in lists, 1142, 1164 
 
 Mann, Mrs. Elias P., 1071 
 
 Mann, Frank, 363 
 
 Mannheim, Helene C, ;02 
 
 Manning, James H., ioi5 
 
 Manus, B. W., 241 
 
 Manzel, Henry, 370 
 
 Maple, Florence A., 504 
 
 Marathon, float, described, 377; picture, 1193 
 
 Marble, Frank, 145 
 
 Marble, William A., 26, 1142, 1152, 1161 
 
 March, James E., 478 
 
 Marcy, William L., 340 
 
 Marion, Francis, 437 
 
 Mars, float, described, 373; picture, I173 
 
 Marschhauser, George, 371 
 
 Marshall, Pierre H., 1142 
 
 Marshall, W. .A., 144, 228 
 
 Marshall, E. W., 308 
 
 Martens, Theo., 370 
 
 Martin, Alexander F., 459 
 
 Martin, Emil, 369 
 
 Martin, E. K., 921 
 
 Martin, H. A. Smythe, 222 
 
 Martin, Olga, 369 
 
 Martin, T. Comerford, 1 142 
 
 Martin, W., 86, 1147 
 
 Martin, W. H., 221 
 
 Martin, William L., 309 
 
 Marvel, Harry, 115 
 
 Mason, Mrs. Mary L., 778 
 
 Massiglia, Annibale Raybaudi, guest, 152 
 
 Massoneau, WiUiamS., 1142 
 
 Mata, Juan, 143 
 
 Mather, Adrian W., 346, 366; erroneously 
 
 printed Adrian H., 289 
 Mather, Charles J., 209 
 Mathewson, R. W., 207 
 Matlock, Chauncey, 348 
 Matos, Jose, 143 
 Matsui, Keishiro, guest, 149; transmits Prince 
 
 Kuni's thanks, 163 
 Mattern, Lucy, 372 
 Matthews, George E., 26, 1142, 11 54 
 Mattoon, Elbert B., 503 
 Mauve, Kapitan zur See, 146, 228, 860, 873 
 Maxon, Grove T., 1142 
 Maxwell, William H., 385, 715 
 May, Charles P., 919 
 May, Barbara, 371 
 May, Julius A., 838 
 
 Mayhew, Mrs. Zeb. 457, 459, 461, 467, 468 
 Maynard, Miss, 873 
 Maynard, Ruth E., 501 
 Mayne, Myron, 502 
 
 Mayors of Cities added to Commission, 29,927 
 Mazana, Clara, 504 
 McAdoo, William G., 1142, 1 163 
 McAfee, Cleland B., 834 
 McAllister, P. F., 1 142 
 McAIpin, Benjamin B., 289, 346, 366 
 McAlpin, Edwin A., 390, 899, 900 
 McAuliffe, John, Jr., 215 
 McAvoy, Thomas, 386 
 
Index 
 
 597 
 
 McBride, L. B., 144 
 
 McBride, George H., 311 
 
 McCabe, Joseph, 949 
 
 McCabe, Patrick E., 1015, 1141, 1164 
 
 McCall, A. E., 1141 
 
 McCann, Francis J., 349, 713, 756 
 
 McCann, Henry J., 1015, 1141 
 
 McCann, Joseph J., 50Z 
 
 McCarroU, William J., chairman of Fulton 
 Centennial committee, 20; advises merging 
 with Hudson Celebration, 2z; charter mem- 
 ber of Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commis- 
 sion, 26; charter trustee, 28; member of 
 Auditing committee, 46; on Brooklyn Execu- 
 tive committee, 724; chairman Public Safety 
 committee, S74, 877; in Commission list, 
 1 142; committees, 1150, 1153, 1160,- 1161 
 
 McCarthy, John, 311 
 
 McCarthy, P. J., 830 
 
 McCarthy, Matt, 1016 
 
 McCarthy, Peter, 1049, 1069 
 
 McClave, S. Wood, 395 
 
 McClellan, George B., appoints committee for 
 Hudson celebration, 18; appoints Fulton Cen- 
 tennial Committee, 10; letter to suggesting 
 consolidation of celebration committees, 21; 
 receives official calls, 141; official guest, 142; 
 thanked, 244; presides and speaks at Official 
 reception, 249 et seq.; heads Historical parade, 
 289; speaks at Official banquet, 318, 339; 
 heads Carnival parade, 365; speaks at 
 Richmond banquet, 765; at German ban- 
 quet, 859; speaks at same, 860; receives 
 letter concerning Inwood Hill, 1100; other- 
 wise mentioned, 387, 794, iioo, 1142, 1162 
 
 McClellan, Mrs. George B., 153 
 
 McCloskey, Isabel F., 504 
 
 McClung, Benjamin, 355; speaks at Newburgh, 
 356, 357, 359; chairman of Newburgh cere- 
 monies committee, 927; vice-chairman Upper 
 Hudson committee, 927, 930; auditor, 929; 
 speaks at Newburgh, 931, 932, 933; heads 
 fire parade, 934; entertains, 938; speaks at 
 Kingston, 982; speaks at Cohoes, 1092; in 
 lists, ,,42, 1 164 
 
 McClusky, William E., 504 
 
 McCoUom, Augustus, 899 
 
 McComber, Ethel, 501 
 
 McConnell, Delia, 503 
 
 McConnell, Frederick, 1142 
 
 McConnell, R. E., 1142 
 
 McConnell, Saville, 501 
 
 McConnell, William F., 1 142 
 
 McCook, Anson G., 873, 1142, 1158 
 
 McCook, Mrs. Anson G., 873 
 
 McCook, John J., 859, 1142, 1161 
 
 McCormick, Charles J., 1142 
 
 McCormick, Edward F., 997 
 
 McCormick, Everett, 502 
 
 McCormick, James, 502, 504 
 
 McCoubrie, Hugh F., 1022 
 
 McCoy, Horace, 904 
 
 McCrea, James, 1142 
 
 McCreery, James C, 1142 
 
 McCrystal, E. T., 830 
 
 McDonald, Donald, 26, 1015, 1142, 1164 
 
 McDonald, J. C, 1 1 42 
 
 McDonald, John J., 386 
 
 McDougall, Harry, 500 
 
 McElroy, Charles, 1142, 1157 
 
 McEIwain, D. C, 1084 
 
 McEntee, Sara, 980 
 
 McEvily, John V., 796 
 
 McEwan, James B., 1142 
 
 McEwen, James R. R., 842 
 
 McFarland, Mrs., 1071 
 
 McGaffin, John, 1094 
 
 McGee, C. W., 215 
 
 McGinn, Anna, 502 
 
 McGowan, J. P., 206 
 
 McGowan, Patrick F., 151, 480, 797, 805, 808, 
 809, 810, 887, 1 142, 1157, 1164 
 
 McGowan, Samuel, 144 
 
 McGowan-Koch, Mary, 917, 922 
 
 McGuire, Eugene J., 1 142 
 
 McGuirl, James K., 1142 
 
 McGuirl, James J., 220 
 
 McGuirl, William T., speaks in Brooklyn, 725, 
 751 
 
 McHale, James L., 1023 
 
 McHugh, William, 311 
 
 Mclnteer, Marie G., 502 
 
 Mcintosh, A. J., 222 
 
 Mclver, Ella, 504 
 
 McKay, Douglas I., 1142 
 
 McKay, WiUiam J., 26, 28, 2o5, 354; suggests 
 extension of Naval parade, 926; chairman of 
 Upper Hudson Naval Parade committee, 
 928; entertains, 938; commands Upper Hud- 
 son naval parade, 942, 947; sends tribute to 
 Troy, 10S3; accompanies Inwood Hill dele- 
 gation, iioo; in Commission fist, 1142; com- 
 mittees, 1 149, 1 1 59, 1 1 64 
 
 McKean, A. P., 1069 
 
 McKee, James, 221 
 
 McKelvey, Jane, 415 
 
 McKelvey, John J., 413, 420, 1142; commit- 
 tees, 1150, 1152, 1155, 1158 
 
 McKelvey, Mrs. John J., 426 
 
 McKelway, St. Clair, 26, 724, 725; speaks in 
 Brooklyn, 726; in Commission list, 1 142; 
 committees, 1151, 1154, 1162 
 McKeima, May, 502 
 McKenzie, ^neas, 786 
 McLaughlin, James J., Jr., 1067 
 McLean, Andrew, 724, 1142, 1151 
 McLean, Arthur A., 938, 1142, 1164 
 McLean, Ridley, 144 
 McLeod, J. F., 221 
 McLindon, John, 1142, 1164 
 McMahon, Anna, 504 
 McMahon, Joseph H., 387 
 
 McBride 
 to Mc- 
 Mahon 
 
1398 
 
 Ind( 
 
 McMas- 
 ter to 
 Miller 
 
 McMaster, Humphrey, 1142 
 McMillin, Emerson, 1142 
 McNamara, Francis Thomas, 503 
 McNamara, Thomas A., 1142, 1154 
 McNeil, Q. S., 1084 
 McNeill, Earl S., 501 
 McNett, George C, 1 142 
 McRickard, Samuel E., 794 
 McShane, James, 997, 999 
 McTigue, Andrew, 8i5 
 McVay, C. B., Jr., 145, 228 
 McWiUiams, Charles, 218 
 Meade, Mrs. Richard V/., 182 
 Mearther, Jean A. E., 214 
 Medal committee, work, 75; members, 1158 
 Medal, official, described, 76; picture, 517; pre- 
 sented to heads of governments sending ships 
 
 Medallic Art Co., 85 
 
 Medina, J. L., 722 
 
 Medina, Mrs. J. L., 722 
 
 Medusa, float, described, 379; picture, 1209 
 
 Meehan, Clarence F., 503 
 
 Meehan, James, 761 
 
 Meehan, John H., 1142 
 
 Mees, P. A., 241 
 
 Mees, R., 241 
 
 Mees, R., & Sons, 239 
 
 Mehltretter, Charles F., 795 
 
 Meier, Louis, 371 
 
 Meirehoff, Harold L., 502 
 
 Meistersinger, float, described, 375; picture, 
 
 ,.8s 
 Mejia, Federico, guest, 143, 149; note of thanks, 
 
 169; speaks at official reception, 275 
 Mellen, Charles S., 1142 
 Mellen, G. K., 2i8 
 Melvain, Louis B., 980 
 Melville, George W., 22, 26, 206, 1100, 1142, 
 
 1 159, 1 162 
 Members of Commission, 1136 
 Memorials committee, work, 88; members, 
 
 1158 
 Mendelson, Alex, 900 
 Mendes, Pereira, pronounces benediction at 
 
 Official reception, 277; mentioned in lists, 
 
 1142, 1162 
 Mensing, A. W. M., 241 
 Menzies, R. J., 215 
 Menten, J. H., 239 
 Mercer, Hugh, 410 
 
 Mermaids, float, described, 381; picture, 1215 
 Merrill, August, 1 142 
 Merrill, Edward G., 152 
 Merrill, S. Ruth, 502 
 Merriman, Hazel E., 501 
 Merrit, Miss, IIJ 
 Merritt, E. A., Jr., 1142, 1157 
 Merritt, J. J., 221 
 Merryman, Mrs. \Vm. C, 386 
 Methodists, 791 
 
 Metropolitan Museum of .^rt exhibition, 70, 
 174, 177, 19s. 196. 844 
 
 Metiiu, Gabriel, paintings, 179 
 
 Mettler, Charles, 373 
 
 Metz, Herman A., 151, 797, 80S, 809, S60 
 
 Metzner, Rosa A., 504 
 
 Mexico, official representatives, 143, 147, 149, 
 152, at Official reception, 269; ship, 147, 229; 
 sailors in Military parade, 347, 351 ; presented 
 with gold medal, 1127 
 
 Meyen, |. J. van Stuyvesant, 241 
 
 Meyer, George von L., 150 
 
 Meyer, Mrs. George von L., i q 
 
 Meyer, William, 372 
 
 Meyers, Flora, 372 
 
 Meyers, W. H., 1142, 1157 
 
 Michaels, William H., Jr., 501 
 
 Michelson, Albert Abraham, 263 
 
 Mickelsen, Howard G., 503 
 
 Mickens, ."Vnuie C, 980 
 
 Midzuno, Kokichi, 152, 243, 873 
 
 Midzuno, Mrs. Kokichi, 873 
 
 Mietke, Adolph, 367 
 
 Mij. tot Exploitatie van Fijnhouthandel & 
 Stoomzagerij, 241 
 
 Miffiin, Thomas, 437 
 
 Milburn, John G., 26, 2S, 1142, 1156, 1162 
 
 Miles, Martha, 504 
 
 Miles, Parker C, 503 
 
 Military Parade committee, work, 345; members 
 .158 
 
 Military parade in New York, described, 345. 
 Illustrations: French sailors, 685; British 
 marines in Central Park West, 687; West 
 Point cadets in Central Park West, 689; 
 Court of Honor and distinguished guests, 
 691; British sailors at Court of Honor, 693, 
 695; West Point cadets passing Court of 
 Honor, 697; Seventh Regiment, 699; birds- 
 eye view, 701; spectators, 703,705. See also 
 chapters on local celebrations along the 
 Hudson river 
 
 Millard, Frank v., 1157 
 
 Millard, J. \y., 105, IIS 
 
 Millard, Walter, 208 
 
 Miller, Andrew, 503 
 
 Miller, .Augustus E., 350 
 
 Miller, .'\ugustus G., 795 
 
 Miller, Earl B., 501 
 
 Miller, Henry Wise, 206 
 
 Miller, Hugh Gordon, 22 
 
 Miller, Jacob W., charter member, 26; at 
 launching of Clermont, 112, 113; chairman of 
 Naval Parade committee, 116, 198, 206; 
 announces arrival of Clermont, 242; quoted, 
 244; assists Reception committee, 248; assists 
 Military Parade committee, 345; speaks at 
 Newburgh, 356; otherwise mentioned, 816, 
 851, 853, 889, 1142; committees, 1149, 1153. 
 1159, 1162 
 
 Miller, Mrs. Jacob W., 852 
 
Ind( 
 
 1399 
 
 Miller, Joseph, 921 
 
 Miller, MacN.,1028 
 
 Miller, Minda, 501 
 
 Miller, Warner, 1142,1161 
 
 Jlillet, Frank D., 26, 2S, 86, hoc, 1142; com- 
 mittees, 1150, 1 153, 1 155, 115S 
 
 Mills, Abraham G., 395 
 
 Mills, A. L., 26, 1142, 115S 
 
 Mills, Alice, 503 
 
 Mills, D. Ogden, 1142 
 
 Mills, Marion H., 501 
 
 Mills, Ogden, 26, 28, Iij2, 1149, 1150, 
 1162 
 
 Mills, Ogden Livingston, 1142, 11 59 
 
 Milner, F., 207 
 
 Milton, John, 431, 783 
 
 Minard, George H., 1142, 1154 
 
 Miner, Susie, 503 
 
 Alingot, Nic, 370 
 
 Mink, Vincent, 831 
 
 Minuit, Peter, 337, 427, 959 
 
 Miranda y Arango, Antonio Diaz, guest, 152 
 
 Mitchell, Commodore, 1096 
 
 Mitchell, James H., 10S4 
 
 Mitchell, J. L., 311 
 
 Mitchell, William A., 2S0 
 
 Mitchman, David, 788 
 
 Modderman, R. S. Tjaden, 241 
 
 Moes, E. W., 86, 1147 
 
 Moesinger, Charles, 369 
 
 Molahn, Bernard, 1067 
 
 Mollenhauer, J. Adolph, 213, 354 
 
 Molloy, F. J., 1069, 1 142, 1 164 
 
 Moltke, Count, guest, 143, 148; letter of thanks, 
 155, 156* speaks at OflScial reception, 257; 
 at naval fete, 855 
 
 Monaco, ofHcia! representative, 152 
 
 Moncada, Guillermo, 152 
 
 Montague, Helen, 504 
 
 Montgomery, Richard, 431, 457 
 
 Montrose, Otis, 115 
 
 Mooere, W. B., 1142, 1154, 1164 
 
 Mooney, George S., 917 
 
 Mooney, Jennie Lullabelle, 917 
 
 Mooney, Lawrence, 830 
 
 Moore, C. A., 212 
 
 Moore, F. C, 287, 856, 857 
 
 Moore, George N., 500 
 
 Moore, J., 219 
 
 Moore, John, 1142 
 
 Moore, John C, 11 42 
 
 Moore, John J., 219 
 
 Moore, Kenneth W., 500 
 
 Moore, Meribah, 501 
 
 Moran Eugene F., 206, 219, 1142 
 
 Moran, George N., assistant to secretary for 
 publicity, 43 
 
 Moran, Joseph N., 219 
 
 Moran, M. T., 1067, 1071 
 
 Moran, Robert G., 349, 723, 756 
 
 Moran, Thomas E., 1142 
 
 Moran, William J., services as serretarv- of j 
 Reception committee appreciated, iv. : 
 thanked by Moorish delegates, 165 
 
 Moravian Church, 787 
 
 Morein, Ida Ruth, 501 
 
 Moreland, Sherman, 25 
 
 Morgan, A. D., 1142 
 
 Morgan, Daniel, 437, 764 
 
 Morgan, J. P., Vice-President of Hudson Tri- 
 centennial Association, 16; Treasurer Ter- 
 centenary committee, i8; signs letter to Plan 
 and Scope committee, 19; charter member of 
 Commission, 25, 27; Vice-President of Com- 
 mission, 38, 1 136; approves of audit company, 
 47; chairman of Art and Historical Ex- 
 hibits committee, 174; loans paintings, 180; 
 gift to save PaUsades, 397, 411; name of 
 Boulevard in his honor proposed, 408; on 
 Verrazzano monument committee, 477; 
 opening of Metropolitan Museum of Art 
 exhibition, 844; member of Pilgrim Society, 
 858, 859; signs letters to heads of government; , 
 II 15, II 19 et seq.; mentioned in Commission 
 list, 1142; committees, 1149,1153,1160,1162 
 
 Morgan, J. P., Jr., 207 
 
 Morisini, Giulia, 426 
 
 Moritz, L., 370 
 
 Morley, Arthur, 503 
 
 Mode}', George W., 900 
 
 Morocco, official representatives 
 thanks for hospitality, 163; pictu 
 Columbia lawn fete, 709 
 
 Morocco, Sultan of, 135 
 
 Morris, Caroline Ehzabeth, 502 
 
 Morris, Fordham, 1142, 1162 
 
 Morris, H. B., 987 
 
 Morris, Ira K., 231, 778, 779, 780, 792 
 
 Morris, Mrs. Ira K., 778, 780 
 
 Morris, John Thacher, 504 
 
 Morris, Lewis, 182 
 
 Morris, May L., 502 
 
 Morris, William F., 348 
 
 Morrisey, James A., 900 
 
 Morrison, Mrs. Henry P., 778 
 
 Morrow, George M., Jr., 280 
 
 Morse, Frances C, 1S2 
 
 Morse, Grant D., 503 
 
 Mortenson, Helga, 501 
 
 Morton, Levi P., Vice-President of Hudson 
 Ter-centenary committee, 18; charter mem- 
 ber of Commission, 25, 27; Vice-President of 
 Commission, 38, 1136; calls on Mayor about 
 Inwood Hill, iioo; signs letters to heads of 
 governments, 11 15 
 sion list, 1 142 
 
 Morton, Paul, 11 43 
 
 Morton, Willis, 500 
 
 Mos, A., 241 
 
 Mosher, Howard T., 1 143 
 
 Motley, John Lothrop, 432 
 
 Mott, Frederick J., 208 
 
 ; of them s 
 
 9 et seq.; in Commis- 
 I153; I156, 1162 
 
1400 
 
 Index 
 
 "54 
 
 [50, 206, S45, 
 
 Moser Moser, Hazel, 501 
 
 tQ Monks, Richard A., 310 
 
 jj . Mower, Marple, 501 
 
 iieoer- Mo^n^han, P. A., 830 
 landsche Moynehan, Dennis, 1143, 
 
 Moynihan, Dennis. 1 143 
 
 Muehlmeier, Fritz, 367 
 
 Mueller, George, 373 
 
 Mueller, Louise, 370 
 
 Mukahy, John J. F., 386, 887, 
 tees, 1149, 1151, 1155, 1157 
 
 Mulford, Miss, 182 
 
 Mulger, Herman, 371 
 
 MuUany, Cecilia, 504 
 
 Mullen, John W., 1143 
 
 Muller, Abr., 241 
 
 Muller, Dolores, 504 
 
 Muller, John, 368 
 
 Muller, Richard, 364, 366 
 
 Muller, W. H. & Co., 239 
 
 Munch, Berta, 372 
 
 Munch, Margarete, 372 
 
 Mundie, Warren, 502 
 
 Mundji, Bey, 152 
 
 Municipal Art Society, 17 
 
 Munson, Amelia H., 502 
 
 Munson, Samuel L., 1016 
 
 Murcheson, K. M., II43 
 
 Murdock, J. B., 97, 127, 142, 
 847, 853, S73, 1134, U59 
 
 Murdock, Mrs. J. B., 852, 873 
 
 Murphy, A. H., S87, 1143, 1149, 1150, 1155 
 
 Murphy, Edward, Jr., 1049, 1069 
 
 Murphy, Edward, 2d, 1069 
 
 Murphy, FrankHn, 1143, "59 
 
 Murphy, Gertrude S., 504 
 
 Murphy, James E., 1143 
 
 Murphy, Jennie, 501 
 
 Murphy, M. H., 1143 
 
 Murphy, S. J., 919 
 
 Murphy, William, 307 
 
 Murray, E. F., 209, 1067 
 
 Murray, Henry E., 948 
 
 Murray, John F., 151, 794, 797, 812, 84 1 
 
 Murray, M. J., 415, 1143 
 
 Murray, Oscar G., 1143 
 
 Murray, Vincent A., 1143 
 
 Muschenheim, William C, accommodates 
 Banquet committee, 315; on Hudson Monu- 
 ment committee, 413; its proposer, 414; co- 
 operates in erection of Fort Tryon monument, 
 443; in Commission list, 1 143; committees, 
 1 150, 1155=, 1 158 
 
 Musgrave, Harriet P., 9S0 
 
 Music Festivals: By Irish societies in Car- 
 negie Hall, 829, 830; Vereinigte Sacnger, in 
 Hippodrome, 829, 831; German Singers in 
 Thirteenth Regiment armory, 829, 832; 
 Apollo Club in Brooklyn Academy of Mus^c, 
 829, 834; German Singers in Astoria Schuet- 
 zen Park, 829, 835; German Singers in Happy 
 
 Music Festivals — Continued; 
 
 Land Park, 829, 836; Liederkranz in Metro- 
 politan Opera House, 829, 837; Arion Society 
 in Carnegie Hall, 829, 839; German Singers 
 and school children in Crotona Park, 829, 
 840; People's Choral Union and New York 
 Symphony Society in Carnegie Hall, 829, 
 842; in Yonkers, 922; in Poughkeepsie, 967; 
 in Kingston, 970; Hudson, 1002; Troy, io55 
 
 Music Festivals Committee, work, 829; members 
 
 ".58 
 Music, Literature and Art, Carnival floats 
 
 described, 373; picture, 1173 
 Mygatt, Leon S., 501 
 
 N 
 
 Naak, Ema, 367 
 
 Nagasaki, Madame S., 153, 852 
 
 Nagel, Charles, guest, 150 
 
 Nagle, Percival E., 887, 1 143; committees, 11^9, 
 "55. "57 
 
 Napoleon Bonaparte, 260, 732, 1124 
 
 National Arts Club exhibition, 70, 188, 195 
 
 National Federation of Women's Clubs, 446 
 
 National Guard, in Military parade, 348, 352; 
 at Spuyten Duyvil Hill, 416; at Fort Tryon, 
 446; strong organization advocated, 450; at 
 Stony Point, 459; other mention, 759, 900, 
 913, 937, 974, 994, looi, 1023, 1028, '072, 
 1094 
 
 National Volunteer Emergency Service, S80 
 
 Naughton, John, 139 
 
 Naval Fete at Columbia University, 852 
 
 Naval MiHtia, see Naval Parade; crews win 
 prizes, 306; in Military parade, 345, 347, 352, 
 937 
 
 Naval Parade committee, work in connection 
 with building the Clermont, 105; in connec- 
 tion with Naval parades, 198; members, 
 I158 
 
 Naval Parades, inaugural parade at New York, 
 61; described, 198; evening parade on same 
 date, 244. Illustrations: Two general 
 views, 603; view towards Grant's Tomb, 605; 
 Clermont and tugs, 607; Half Moon and tug 
 609; Mayflower and battleships, 611; view 
 from Riverside Park, 613; near head of line 
 of warships, 615; view towards Grant's tomb, 
 boats returning, 617; official landing, 619; 
 reception of Clermont party at Water Gate, 
 621; spectators in Riverside Park, 623; 
 Naval parade to Newburgh, 354. For other 
 naval parades, see chapters on local celebra- 
 tions along the Hudson river 
 
 Nedeau, Cassie, 503 
 
 Nederlandsch Indische Gas Maatschappij, 
 241 
 
 Nederiandsch Indische Handelsbank, 239 
 
 Nederlandsche Fabriek van Werktuigen en 
 Spoorwegmaterieel, 241 
 
 Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Maatschappij, 241 
 
Index 
 
 1 40 1 
 
 Nederland Steamship Co., 259 
 
 Negro citizens participation in celebration, 2S7, 
 292, 507, 760 
 
 Neiner, Brother, 349 
 
 Nckon, Mrs. Alfred, 182 
 
 Nelson, F, J., 1.43 
 
 Ne'ion, Xils E., 760 
 
 Nel;on, Thomas, Jr., 903 
 
 Nesbitt, William F., 280 
 
 Netherlands Chamber of Commerce and Neth- 
 erlands Club banquet, 848 
 
 Xet'.ierlands Hudson-Fulton Commission, 
 formed, 93; names, 1146 
 
 Netherlands, official representatives, 143-147, 
 149, 152; at OfEcial reception, 270; ship, 147, 
 22S; sailors in Military parade, 347, 351; 
 thanks for hospitality, 165; presented with 
 gold medal, 11 16 
 
 Netherlands Trading Society, 239 
 
 New Amsterdam becomes New York, float, 
 described, 297; picture, 649 
 
 Newbeny, Truman H., 127, 150 
 
 Newberry, Mrs. Truman H., S52 
 
 Newburgh ceremonies, naval parade, 354; 
 Mayor McClung, chairman, 927; allocation of 
 funds, 928; ciry celebration, 930; local histor)-, 
 930; Wayne statue, 931; old home service, 
 933; fireman's monument, 933; tablets, 933; 
 fire parade, 934; military and naval parade, 
 936; illuminations, 93S. Pictures: Arrival of 
 naval parade, 12S1, 1282; Half Moon and 
 Clermont in bay, 1285; Reception on dock, 
 12S7-, Head of parade, 1289; living flag, 1291; 
 illumination of Broadway, 1293 
 
 Newcomb, Simon, 263 
 
 Newcombe, Josiah T., 386 
 
 Newcombe, Mrs. Josiah T., 386 
 
 Newell, Daniel, 503 
 
 New Jersey committee, 1 159 
 
 New Jersey's contribution, 12 
 
 Newman, Jared T., H43 
 
 Newman, Nathan, 724, 1143, 1151, 1160 
 
 Newton, J. T., 145, 227 
 
 New York .Aquarium exhibition, 70, 190, 195 
 
 New York Banks Glee Club, 249, 250, 153, 254, 
 277 
 
 New York Board of Trade and Transporta- 
 
 New York Botanical Garden exhibition, 70, 
 191, 195, 196, 719 
 
 New York citj', official representatives, 127, 
 142, 151 
 
 New York Genealogical and Biographical 
 Society exhibition, 70, 188, 195 
 
 New York Historical Society, depository of 
 archives of Commission, 102, 104, 241; 
 loans paintings, 179; official Fulton exhibi- 
 tion, 70, 189, 195, 197; given stereopticon 
 views, 719 
 
 New York Public Library exhibitions, 70, 190, 
 195. >97 
 
 New York State, ofBcial representatives, 127, Keder- 
 
 ■4^. 'SO ^ land to 
 
 New York University, exercises, 72, 499, 808; ^.p. • 
 school teachers' tablet, 383, 384; bust of " ""^° 
 Fulton, 384, 385; students in parade, 290; 
 given stereopticon views, 719 
 
 New York Zoological Park exhibition, 71, 192, 
 195, 197; given stereopticon views, 719 
 
 Niagara University, 718 
 
 Nicaragua, official representatives, 143, 149, 
 152; thanks for hospitality, 160, at official 
 reception, 273 
 
 Nichols, Frank, 1143, 1164 
 
 Nichols, WilUam H., 11 43 
 
 Nicholson, Douglas R. L., 146, 859 
 
 Nickerson, Henry O., 206, 1143, 11 59 
 
 Nicola, Lewis, 455 
 
 Nicoll, Charles A., 987 
 
 Nicolls, Richard, 813 
 
 Niehaus, Charles H., 26, 1143, 1158 
 
 Niemann, Fred J., 367 
 
 Niemeyer, Martha, 372 
 
 Niemoeller, Ida, 370 
 
 Niglutsch, Charles F., 369 
 
 Niles, M. H., 307 
 
 Nimrod, float, described, 377; picture, 1197 
 
 Nissen, Ludwig, 26, 724, 1143, 1151, 1152 
 
 Nixon, Lewis, 231; speaks at P..icbmond ban- 
 quet, 769; in lists, 1 143, 1155 
 
 Noak-Fique, Katherine, S33, 834 
 
 Noble, Herbert, 859 
 
 Noble, R. J., 209 
 
 Noe, Peter, 502 
 
 Nolst, Trenite, 241 
 
 Nolthenius, Tutein, 241 
 
 Nominations committee, 41; members, 1159 
 
 Norman, Charles R., 206, 1143, 1159 
 
 North, Harry I., 311 
 
 Norton, .-Mbert R., S34 
 
 Norton, Frank H., 349, 75S 
 
 Norton, George L., 1143, 1149 
 
 Norton, Lawrence, 502 
 
 Norway, Official representatives, 143, 149, 152; 
 at Official reception, 274; message from King, 
 
 Norwegian citizens participation in celebra- 
 tion, 287, 289, 510, 757 
 Noxon, Mildred, 501 
 Noyer, Charles, 217 
 Nunan, Charles J., 1143 
 Nyack ceremomies, 898 
 
 Oakley, John D., Jr., 1143 
 Obaldia, President, 168 
 Oberrender, Frank, 219 
 Oblas, Rose, 502 
 O'Brien, Henry, 1070 
 O'Brien, James, 311 
 O'Brien, John, 1143 
 O'Brien, John 
 
 5°+ 
 
1402 
 
 Inde 
 
 O'Brien O'Brien, Morgan J., 11 36, 11 43, 1153 
 
 to O'Byrnc, M. A., S30 
 
 p Ocean Hill Boaul of Trade. 758 
 
 Farter q^i^^.^ Adolph s., 1143, 1162 
 
 Ochs, Dena B., 842 
 
 O'Connell, J. J., 219 
 
 O'Connor, Catharine, 504 
 
 O'Connor, Clarice, 501 
 
 Odell, Benjamin B., Jr., 25, 27, 934, 938, 1I43, 
 1155,1164 
 
 O'Donovan, William R., :6, 1143, 1152 
 
 O'Donnell, Helen, 830 
 
 O'Dowd, Miss, 903 
 
 Oedekove.i, H., 368 
 
 Ogdcn, RoSert C, 859 
 
 Ogden, Willis L., chairman of Brooklyn citi- 
 zens committee, 41, 720; greets fleet, 231, 
 232; at Brooklyn reception and ball, 721; 
 chairman of Official Literary Exercises com- 
 mittee in Brooklyn, 724, 725; in Commission 
 list, 1 1 43 ; committees, 1 1 5 1 , 1153, n 60, 1 1 62 
 
 Ogden, Mrs. Willis L., 721 
 
 O'Gorman, Agnes, 504 
 
 O'Hanlen, Francis J., 504 
 
 O'Heeld, W. B., 903 
 
 Olcott, Eben E., charter member, 26; trustee, 
 28; on the Clermont, 114; chairman of Cler- 
 mont committee, 105; speaks at launching of 
 Clermont, 112; in Commission list, 1143; 
 committees, 1151, 1153, 1155, 1156, 1160, 
 1 162 
 
 Olcott, J. Van Vechten, 89 
 
 Olcott, kathcrine L., 112, 115 
 
 Olcott, Marvin, 1143 
 
 Oldham, George .Ashton, 387 
 
 Old Home Week committee, 927, 941 
 
 Old-Time Punishments, float, 300; picture, 665 
 
 Oler, Wesley M., Jr., 504 
 
 Olin, Stephen H., 390 
 
 Olin, Mrs. Stephen H., 855 
 
 Oliver, Charles E., 899 
 
 Oliver, Edwin A., 921 
 
 Oliver, Robert Shaw, 1023, 1032, 1042 
 
 Olivet, George W., 920 
 
 Olp, A. C, 1 143 
 
 Olyphant, Robert, 390 
 
 O'Malley, Edward R., 150 
 
 O'Malley, P., 1143 
 
 O'Neill, George, 11 43 
 
 O'Neill, James, 502 
 
 O'Neill, Thomas" H., 1143 
 
 Onze 'Uloot Vereeniging, 241 
 
 Oppenheiraer, Seligman, 969 
 
 O'Reilly, Thomas, 350 
 
 Orpheus Before Pluto, float, described, 381; 
 picture, 1219 
 
 Orvis, Charles E., 390 
 
 O'Ryan, John F., 348, 416 
 
 Osborn, Alice J., 503 
 
 Osborn, Henry Fail-field, 263, 1143, 1150 
 
 Osborn, Mrs. Henry Fairfield, 855 
 
 Osborn, William Church, 26, 1143, 1135, 1 
 
 Osborne, Jackson, 502 
 
 O'Shca, J. P., 202, 206, 851 
 
 Ossining ceremonies, 899 
 
 Ossman, Fred, 901 
 
 Osterhaut, Hugo, 144, 227 
 
 Ostermcy, Lorenz, 370 
 
 Osternei, Leo, 368 
 
 Ostrandcr, Angelo, 115 
 
 Ostrom, Nenah, 502 
 
 O'Sullivan, Percy B., 26, 1143, 1160 
 
 Otis, Charles E., 920 
 
 Otis, Courtlandt S., 387 
 
 Otis, John C, 940, 947 
 
 Otis, Mrs. Stanley L., 3S6 
 
 e'Toole, John L., 815 
 
 Owens, James, 1143 
 
 Oxholm, Theodor S., 778 
 
 Oyens, H. & Sons, 239 
 
 Oyens, J. C. de Marez, 93, 238, 239, 1147 
 
 Page, Alfred R., 84S 
 
 Pageants, English, plan not adapted to New 
 York city, 282. See also Historical Parade, 
 Naval Parade, Militaiy Parade, Carnival 
 Parade and Children's Festivals 
 
 Paisley, Percy, 501 
 
 Palin, Wilfred, 1084 
 
 PaHsades Interstate Park mentioned, 383; 
 dedication, 392; picture of Indians at cere- 
 mony, 1229 
 
 Palisades Interstate Park Commission, given 
 custody of Half Moon, 104 
 
 Palladio, Andrea, 251 
 
 Palmer, C. L., 980 
 
 Palmer, George C, 206 
 
 Palmer, George S., 181, 182 
 
 Palmer, J. B., 310 
 
 Palmer, William E., 779, 7<)I 
 
 Palumbo, T., 477 
 
 Panama, official representatives, 143, 149, 152; 
 thanks for hospitality, 167; at Official recep- 
 tion, 275 
 
 Pannasch, Elsa, 372 
 
 Paradies, John, 364, 366 
 
 Paraguay, official representatives, 143, 152; at 
 official reception, 275 
 
 Pardo, Felipe, 149 
 
 Parish, Edward C, 389 
 
 Parish, Mrs. Henry, 115 
 
 Park, Charles, 998 
 
 Parker, Alton B., elected Vice-President, 39, 
 1 136; member of Pilgrim Society, 859; chair- 
 man of Hudson River Scenery committee, 
 1098, 1 106; signs appeal to the people for 
 preservation of Highland scenery, 1109; signs 
 letters to heads of governments, 11 15, 11 19 
 et seq.; in Commission list, 1143; committees, 
 1153, 1155, 1156, 1162 
 Parker, A. M., 215 
 
Index 
 
 1403 
 
 Parker, B. Frank, 997 
 
 Parker, B. \\., no 
 
 Parker, George H., 1143 
 
 Parker, Orrel A., 26, H43 
 
 Parker, Salem E., 894 
 
 Parker, Samuel W., 281 
 
 Parkman, I'rancis, 470 
 
 Parks as Memorials, in Troy, 1050. See also 
 Inwood Hill Park, Verplanck's Point Park, 
 Palisades Interstate Park, and Hudson River 
 Scener)' 
 
 Parks, trees labeled, 191 
 
 Parry, Silas, 502 
 
 Parry, William, 43 
 
 Parsons, Mrs. Henry, 508 
 
 Parsons, Herbert, 89, 1143, 1162 
 
 Parsons, John E., charter member, 26, 28; 
 elected Vice-President, 3S, 1136; on special 
 committee, 39; chairman of Inwood Hill 
 Park committee, 1098, 1099; signs letters 
 accompanying gold medals to heads of gov- 
 ernments, 1115, 1119 ct seq.; mentioned in 
 Commission list, 1143; committees, 1153, 
 I156-, (160, 1162, 1164 
 
 Parsons, J. E., 219 
 
 Parsons, John N., 914 
 
 Parsons, Samuel, 26; chairman of Children's 
 Festivals committee, 505, 715; consulted by 
 aldermen, 889; mentioned in Commission 
 list, H43; committees, 1150, 1151, 1154, 1156, 
 1158, 1 162 
 
 Parsons, Samuel H., 26, 1143, 1161 
 
 Partridge, Edward L., 1 143, 1 156 
 
 Pasos, Joaquin, 722 
 
 Patijn, J. A. N., 241 
 
 Patrick, A. M., 1143, 1164 
 
 Patriotic Order of Sons of America, 291, 292 
 
 Patriotic Societies committee, 11 60 
 
 Patriotic Women of America, exercises in New 
 York City Hall, 71 
 
 Patriotism, modern, defined by Gov. Hughes, 
 468 
 
 Patten, Harry S., 1143, 11 54 
 
 Patten, Thomas, 210 
 
 Patten, W. R., 210 
 
 Patterson, Mrs. F. F., 778 
 
 Patterson, Howard, 221, 354 
 
 Patterson, Russell, 221 
 
 Patterson, T. F., 307 
 
 Pattyson, Gertrude R., 501 
 
 Paul, Louis S., 1143 
 
 Payan, Genaro, 151 
 
 Payne, Sereno E., 26, 28, 1143 
 
 Peabody, George Foster, 26, 1 143 
 
 Peace, float, described, 37S; picture, 1201 
 
 Peake, Silas R., 997 
 
 Pearce, James, 922 
 
 Peaty, R. E., 26, 206, 324, 1061, 1143, I159; 
 represented in parade, 919 
 
 Peck, Bayard L., 26, 28, 714, iioo, 1143, 11 55, 
 ..64 
 
 Peck, George W., 1 143 ] 
 
 Peck, Gideon, H., 910 
 
 Peck, Gordon H., 26, 457, 1143; committees, 
 1 157, 1162= 
 
 Peck, Harold W., 501 
 
 Peck, John Hudson, 1049, 1069 
 
 Peck, W. J,, 815 
 
 Peck & Co., 241 
 
 Pecorini, Alberto, 477 
 
 Pedley, Clarence H., 504 
 
 Peekslcill ceremonies, 902 
 
 Peeler, Florence A., 503 
 
 Peene, Joe, 211 
 
 Pell, Howland, 26, 151, 1:43 
 
 Pendleton, Frank, 419 
 
 Pcnn, William, 337 
 
 Penny, James W., 1143 
 
 Penny, Marjorie, 503 
 
 Percy, Earl, 3S9 
 
 Perera, Lionello, 477 
 
 Pereyra, Carlos, guest, 143; speaks at Official 
 reception, 269; mentioned, 1 128 
 
 Perkins, Edward E., 940, 1143 
 
 Perkins, George W., charter member, 26; 
 medium of railroad cooperation, 42; president 
 of Palisades Interstate Park Commission, 
 392; speaks at dedication of PaHsades Inter- 
 state Park, 394, 396; mentioned, 403; public 
 indebted to him, 408, 41 1; speaks at dedica- 
 tion of Hudson monument, 417; mentioned 
 in list, :i43; committees, 1150, 1153, 1155, 
 1156', 1 158, 1 1 64 
 
 Perkins, Mrs. George W., 426 
 
 Perkins, R. E., 1143 
 
 Perrott, Emanuel, 934 
 
 Perry, A. W., 207 
 
 Perry, Mrs. Marsden J., 182 
 
 Persia, official representatives, 152 
 
 Person, H. Wells, 500 
 
 Peru, official representatives, 143, 149, 152; 
 at Official reception, 275 
 
 Pescatore, Maurice, guest, 143 ; at Official recep- 
 tion, 269 
 
 Pescatore, Mme. Maurice, 153, S52 
 
 Peter, Anna, 371 
 
 Peters, C. Harry, 502 
 
 Peters, Otto, 311 
 
 Peters, Ralph, 1143, 1161, 1163 
 
 Peters, Thomas P., 724 
 
 Peterson, Ellen M., 503 
 
 Pettis, Charles R., 280 
 
 Petty, Frances M., 504 
 
 Pfaff, Otto, 1 143 
 
 Pfeifer, Edith, 371 
 
 Pfeifer, Laura, 371 
 
 Pfister, F. J. W. de W., 241 
 
 Phaff, K. M., 241 
 
 Phelps, Burleigh N., 502 
 
 Phelps, Charles H., 1 143 
 
 Phelps, Harry, 145, 228 
 
 Phibbs, William H., 1143, 1164 
 
1404 
 
 Index 
 
 Philip Philip, James p., 986 1143 
 
 tjj Philip, Mrs. James P., 994 
 
 _ . Philipse Manor Hall, float, described, jgS; pic- 
 
 Philipse, Misses, i8i 
 
 Phillips, N. Taylor, charter member, 26; charter 
 
 trustee, i8; chairman of Auditing committee, 
 
 46; mentioned in Commission list, 1143; 
 
 committees, 1150, 1153, 1162 
 Phillips, Samuel K., 1 143, 1164 
 Phillips, William, 1143 
 PhilUps, William J., 997 
 Phillips, Wendell E., 503 
 Phillips, WiUiam, 127, 142 
 Phyfe, Duncan, 181 
 Physioc, J., 899 
 
 Pickering, Edward Charles, 263 
 Pickering, Henry G., 115 
 Pierce, F. O., 182 
 Pierce, Grace M., 197 
 Pierce, Lily, 501 
 Pietersen, Evert, 385 
 Pilgrim Society Banquet, 858 
 Pillsbury, George B., 280 
 Pine, John B., 1143 
 Pinkham, Mrs. Herbert, 115 
 Pipon, James M., guest, 146 
 Pit, A., 241 
 Pitkin, Albert H., 1 82 
 Pitts, Margaret, 504 
 Piva, C, 477 
 
 Pizarro, Francisco, 727, 731 
 Place, Charles E., 987 
 Place, Henty C, 503 
 Plaisted, Robert, 503 
 Plan and Scope committee, work, 59; members, 
 
 1160 
 Plant, M. F., 212, 1143 
 Planten, J. R., 152, 241, 845, S48 
 Piatt, Howard, 940 
 Piatt, Thomas C, 26, 1143 
 Pleasants, WilHam H., 1143, 1149 
 Plimpton, George A., 26, 1143, 1162 
 Plumb, Leon A., 502 
 Pluygers, Willem, 239 
 Poe, Edgar Allan, 748 
 Poetry, Origin of, float, described, 376; picture, 
 
 1191 
 Pohl, A. W. J., 349 
 Polak, A., 241 
 Polak, Richard, 241 
 Police, New York, 874, 883 
 Polish citizens participation in celebration, 
 
 287, 289, 350, 758, 796, 915 
 Politzer, Risa, 368 
 Pollack, E., 364, 366 
 Pollard, Agnes L., 778 
 Pollard, Charles Louis, 193 
 Pollitt, George W., 349 
 Pollock, Waher B., 206, 214, 1143, 1 159 
 Polo, Marco, 267, 332, 11:5 
 
 Pombo 
 
 1, Eduardo, 
 
 guest. 
 
 143; lette, 
 
 r of thanks. 
 
 •5s; 
 
 speaks at Official 
 
 reception. 
 
 256 
 
 Pople, 
 
 George W., 
 
 >>'43. 
 
 1.61 
 
 
 Porsth, 
 
 ,Frcd, 1 143 
 
 
 
 
 Portela 
 
 ,, Epifanio, 
 
 '.48 
 
 
 
 Porter, 
 
 Eugene H. 
 
 , chart 
 
 er member, 
 
 , 26; charter 
 
 trust 
 
 ee, 28; cha 
 
 irman 
 
 of Public 
 
 Health and 
 
 Convenience coi 
 
 nmittee, 874. 880 
 
 ; mentioned 
 
 in Commission list, 1143; committees, 1160, 
 1162 
 
 Porter, Horace, charter member of Commission, 
 26,28; Vice-President, 38,1136; signs letters 
 to heads of governments, 1115, 1119 et seq.; 
 mentioned in Commission list, 1143; commit- 
 tees, 1153, 1156, 115S, 1162 
 
 Porter, William H., 386, 392, 396 
 
 Portugal, official representatives, 149, 152; 
 thanks for hospitaUty, 168 
 
 Portuguese childrens participation in celebra- 
 tion, 507 
 
 Post, E. L., 1 143, 1 157 
 
 Post, Florence, 504 
 
 Post, J. Otis, 119, 200, 206 
 
 Postage stamp, commemor.itive, 89 
 
 Poster, official, described, Sb; picture, 527 
 
 Poteet, Lieut., 873 
 
 Potter, Glen H., 503 
 
 Potter, Henrj' C, 26, 1 143 
 
 Potter, Paulus, paintings, 179 
 
 Potts, James H., 1049 
 
 Potts, T. M., 145, 227 
 
 Poughkeepsie ceremonies, allocation of funds, 
 928; committees, 940; preparations, 941; 
 arrival of fleet, 942; fireworks, 943; Sunday 
 services, 943; College Hill service, 943, land 
 parade, 948; meeting at Eastman Park, 948; 
 official banquet, 950; Morgan House ban- 
 quet, 966; educational work, 967; concerts, 
 967; medals, 968 
 
 Powell, Clarence E., 1143, 1157 
 
 Powlett, Frederick .A., 146 
 
 Prangen, Richard M., 1143, 1154 
 
 Pratt, Charies M., 1143, 1161 
 
 Pratt, Dallas B., 389 
 
 Pratt, Frederic B., 724 
 
 Pratt, George W., 980 
 
 Pratt, Herbert Lee, 721 
 
 Pratt, Mrs. Herbert Lee, 721 
 
 Pratt Institute, 719 
 
 Prendergast, W. A., 834 
 
 Prentice, Alfred C, 899 
 
 Presbrey, Frank, 1143 
 
 Presbyterians, 783 
 
 Presidents of Villages added 
 19. 9^7 
 
 Pressler, W. E., 369 
 
 Preuss, Ernestine, 369 
 
 Price, Walter W., 762 
 
 Prickett, Abacuck, 740 
 
 Prime, Ralph E., 427, 440 
 
 Prince, John D., 1143, 1159 
 
 Con 
 
Index 
 
 ^405 
 
 Prince, L. Bradford, address, 821; other men- 
 tion, 816, 818, 1143, 1161 
 
 Pringle,\V.,2i8 
 
 Prizes, aquatic sports, 306 et seq.; school essays, 
 500, 967, 971; automobiles, 903, 919, 1021, 
 parade floats, 1021 
 
 Probst, J. B., 224 
 
 Procheck, Batamann, 367 
 
 Proctor, J. \V., 211 
 
 Proctor, Thomas R., 873, U44, 1156, 1162 
 
 Proctor, Mrs. Thomas R., 873 
 
 Programs, otHcial, described, 88 
 
 Protestant Episcopal Church, 787 
 
 Protheroe, Albert \V., 503 
 
 Prouty, George H., 151 
 
 Prouty, Mrs. George H., S52 
 
 Pruyn, John I., 913 
 
 Publications, 75, 88, 196, 197, 8S1 
 
 Public Health and Convenience committee, 
 874; work, 880; information booklet, 8S1; 
 field hospitals, 882; low death rate, 8S3; 
 public comfort stations, S84; insignia, 8S4; 
 picture of hospital tent, 713; members of 
 committee, n6o. See also local chapters on 
 Upper Hudson celebration 
 
 Publicity, 43, 44 
 
 Public Lecture committee, see Lecture commit- 
 tee, 715, 1156 
 
 Public Safety committee, work, 874; members, 
 1 160. See also accounts of local celebra- 
 tions along the Upper Hudson 
 
 Public Schools, New York, 72. See also child- 
 ren's festivals, com.memorative exercises, and 
 lectures. For participation of schools of 
 other cities, see chapters on local celebra- 
 tions 
 
 Publishing the Constitution, float, 299; picture, 
 659 
 
 Pugsley, Chester D., 43 
 
 Pugsley, Cornelius A., charter member, 26, 28; 
 on Lower Hudson Executive committee, 891; 
 chairman of Verplanck's Point Park commit- 
 tee, 1098, 1 105; mentioned in Commission 
 list, 1144; committees, I155, 1157,1160, 1162 
 1.64 
 
 Pulitzer, Joseph, 1 144 
 
 Pumpelly, Josiah, 3S7 
 
 Punzel, Lina, 367 
 
 Purchase of Manhattan Island, float, 295; pic- 
 ture, 643 
 
 Purdy, James E., 349 
 
 Purdy, M. Seymour, 933 
 
 Putnam, Mrs. Eugene G., 778 
 
 Putnam, Israel, 410, 437 
 
 Putnam, Olin Still, 502 
 
 Putnam, Mrs. W. A., 182 
 
 Pye, Isaac E., 898 
 
 Quattrocchi, Antonio, 477 
 Quayle & Son, 12S 
 
 Quedenfeldt, Paul, 368, 841 Prince 
 
 Queen Mother of the Netherlands, 240 j^ 
 
 Queens Borough celebration, 813; local history, jc.ij 
 813, 818; fireworks, 814; commemorative ^eoneio 
 exercises, 815; concerts, 816; naval parade, 
 816; historical exercises, 818 
 
 Queens committee, 42, 813, 1161 
 
 Queens Electric Light & Power Co., 120 
 
 Quick, A. F., 1 144 
 
 Quick, Ehiora, 503 
 
 Quinlan, Anna Grace, 502 
 
 Quinn, Daniel P., I144 
 
 Quinn, M. J., 212 
 
 Quirk, Edward, 11. 54 
 
 Race, Marian, 501 
 
 Radins, E. J., 241 
 
 Radley, Dorothy, 415 
 
 Rad'e}-, Mrs. Emma, 426 
 
 Raegener, Louis C, 26, 28, 114 4; committees, 
 
 1153,1155,1158 
 Raff, Elias, 503 
 
 Rafferty, William F., 969, 1144, 1154 
 Ragan, Vincent, 504 
 Railroads, cooperation, 42; early railroads, 826; 
 
 street railroad traffic, S75 
 Raines, John, 25, 1144, 1157 
 Raleigh, Waher, 727, 741 
 Ral:7, William, 759 
 R.-.11, Col, 444 
 Ralston, Edward S., 940 
 Ramsay, George, 115 
 Ralston, C.F., 911 
 Ramsay, John H., U44, 1159 
 Rand, L. L., 208 
 Randall, H. W., 761 
 Randebrock, Mrs. F. J., 239 
 Randolph, Ruth Adams, 503 
 Ranger, Charlotte, 370 
 Rasquin, Judge W., 218 
 Ratanayapti, Phra, 149 
 Rathbone, James B., 1144 
 Rau, H. E., 367 
 Rauch, Julia W., 502 
 Ravn, Christopher, 152 
 Rawlings, Moses, 443 
 Raymond, George G., 797, Six, 912, 913, 1144, 
 
 "57 
 Read, Florence, 503 
 Reagan, Helen, 504 
 Reagen, A. M., 1069 
 Ream, Norman B., 1144 
 Reber, Samuel, 4S9 
 Rebhan, Chr., 366 
 Reception committee, work, 132; members, 
 
 1161 
 Reception of foreign guests at Metropolitan 
 
 Opera House, 248 
 Red Cross Society, S83 
 Redfidd Brothers, 88 
 
1406 
 
 Index 
 
 Riecbers 
 
 Redmond Redmond, James \V., 714, 887, 1144; commit- 
 to tees, 1149, 1151, 1155 
 
 Recce, Richard, 1091 
 
 Reed, Irwin, 503 
 
 Reel, C. Gordon, 971 
 
 Reel, John, 971 
 
 Reese, Frank B., 1015, 1144, 1163 
 
 Reeve, Irma E., 502 
 
 Reeves, Alfred, 919 
 
 Reeves, Mrs. Alfred, 919 
 
 Reeves, Will R., 911,923 
 
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church ejhibi- 
 tion, 71, 72, 193, 195; services, 247; historj-, 
 784, 785, 8iO 
 
 Regan, James B., 1144, 1152 
 
 Regout, L. H. W., 23S, 1147 
 
 Regout, L. W. W., 24] 
 
 Reid, Charles E., 413 
 
 Reid, E. L., 350 
 
 Reid, Whitelaw, 127 
 
 Reid, Mrs. Whitelaw, 852 
 
 Reilly, Francis T., 842 
 
 Reilly, John J., 500 
 
 Reinburg, J. E., 208 
 
 Reineking, Made'.en, 369 
 
 Reismann, Oswald, 371 
 
 Reith, Werner F., 501 
 
 Religious services, committee work, 246; mem- 
 bers of committee, 1162; services in Yonkers, 
 911; Newburgh, 933; Poughkeepsie, Q43; 
 Kingston, 969; Hudson, 998; Albany, 1018; 
 Cohoes, 1084, 1090 
 
 Rembrandt, paintings, 17S, 179 
 
 Remington, Stella, 503 
 
 Remsen, Isaac S., 760 
 
 Rendt, D. S., 8S7, 1144, 1149, 1155, I162 
 
 Rengers, W. J. van Welderen, 239, 240, U47 
 
 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 718. See also 
 Troy ceremonies. 
 
 Requa, Leonard F., 998 
 
 Restopki, Harry, 503 
 
 Retzman, Korvetteiikapitan, 146, 860, 873 
 
 Reuchlin, O., 147, 845 
 
 Reuchlin, Mrs. O., 153 
 
 Renter, Fritz, float, described, 377; picture, 
 1 199 
 
 Revere, Paul, l8l 
 
 Reviewing stands. See stands 
 
 Reynard, Laurette, 504 
 
 Reynolds, Alfred, 145, 22S 
 
 Reynolds, Beatrice, 502 
 
 Reynolds, Charles M., 11; 
 
 Reynolds, Mrs. Charles M., 115 
 
 Reynolds, Cuyler, 1019 
 
 Reynolds, Edward, 988 
 
 Reynolds, George F., 760 
 
 Reynolds, J. B., 934 
 
 Reynolds, Lewis, 502 
 
 Reynolds, Marie, 504 
 
 Rhine, Father, float, described, 380J picture, 
 1213 
 
 Rhinelander, T. M. Oakley, 182 
 
 Rice, Calvin W., 185 
 
 Rice, Louis, 761 
 
 Rich, Barry, 1069 
 
 Richard, Lieut., 146 
 
 Richard, Mortimer, :8o 
 
 Richard, Roy, 502 
 
 Richards, Eugene L., Jr., chairman of Rich- 
 mond Citizens committee, 41, 762; v.-clcomei. 
 Half Moon, 230; presides and speaks at 
 Richmond borough banquet, 764, 765, 768, 
 773, 774, 776; speaks at historical exercises, 
 7S0, 792; at concert, 837; mentioned in lists, 
 1 144, 1162- 
 
 Richards, Oscar L., 1144, 1 163 
 
 Richardson, Fred S., 503 
 
 Richardson, J. O., 207 
 
 Richardson, Leah, 501 
 
 Richmond Borough celebration, 762; Children's 
 festivals, 762; Historical parade, 763; banquet, 
 764; historical exercises, 778 
 
 Richmond committee, 41; work, 762; members, 
 
 !l62 
 
 Richmond, Harry S., 1016 
 
 Richmond Light & Railroad Co., 120 
 
 Kichter, Charles W., 369 
 
 Ridder, Herman, calls on Gov. Higgins, 24; 
 charter member and trustee of Commission, 
 26, 28; presiding Vice-President, 38, 39, 
 1 136; presented with gold medal, 39; chair- 
 man of Ways and Means committee, 45; 
 quoted, 48; thanked by Moorish delegates, 
 163; chairman of Carnival and Historical 
 Parades committee, 282, 361, 363; at head of 
 Historical parade, 289; at head of Carnival 
 parade, 365; Honorary President of Verraz- 
 zano Monument committee, 477; portrait, 
 515; pictures of gold medal, 525; presides at 
 banquet given by German, .Austria-Hungarian 
 and Swiss societies, 859, 860, 863, 855; trib- 
 ute from Mayor McClellan, 860; tribute from 
 Gen. Woodford, 867; tribute from Mr. Low, 
 868; guest at Von Koester dinner, 873; asks 
 city for appropriation, 885; meets with alder- 
 manic committee, 888, 889; letter to Yonkers 
 committee, 921; appoints Upper Hudson 
 committees, 927; accompanies Inwood Hill 
 delegation in call on Mayor, noo; signs 
 letters accompanying gold medals to Presi- 
 dent Taft, 1115; Queen Wilhelmiua, 11 19; 
 Kaiser Wilhelm, 1121; President Fallicres, 
 1124; King Emanuele, I125; President Diaz, 
 1 129; President Alcorta, 11 31; King George 
 I134; receives portrait from Kaiser Wilhelm, 
 I122; picture of painting, 1363; mentioned in 
 Commission Ust, 1144; committees, 1153, 
 1155, 1156, 1157, 1160, 1162, I164 
 
 Ridder, Mrs. Herman, 852, 873 
 
 Rider, Weston H., 969 
 
 Rider-Kelsev, Corinne, 831, S32, 838, 839 
 
 Riechers, Fred, 370 
 
Index 
 
 140-; 
 
 Rieckel, Sophie, 370 
 
 Riederick, R., 368 
 
 Ries, Gertrud, 370 
 
 Ries, Kuno, 370 
 
 Rigby, George N., 919 
 
 Rijk, A. J., 241 
 
 Rikkers, Willem, 241 
 
 Riley, John B., 151 
 
 Riley, Mrs. John B., 153 
 
 Riley, Thomas J., 995 
 
 Riordan, John, 1144, ,-164 
 
 Ripley, George, 74S 
 
 Ritter, Paul, 149, S59, 867 
 
 Ritter, Mrs. Paul, 153 
 
 Rivenburgh, H. S., 1003 
 
 Rivers, historical, 3, 322, 323 
 
 Rives, R. W., 1 144 
 
 Rii, Frank R., 8ii 
 
 Roake, Lanning G., 905 
 
 Robbins, Howard C, 392 
 
 Robbins, Mrs. Howard S., 3S6 
 
 Robbins, James, 224 
 
 Robbins, Lauren, 501 
 
 Roberts, Gilbert, 1084 
 
 Roberts, Richard H., 427 
 
 Robertson, George W., 903 
 
 Robioson, Albert S., 501 
 
 Robinson, A. S., 312 
 
 Robinson, C. L. T., 212 
 
 Robinson, Edward, 844, 1144, 1149 
 
 Robinson, F. Leslie, 503 
 
 Robinson, Frederick S., 386 
 
 Robinson, Wirt, 280 
 
 Rocafort, Mariano, 151 
 
 Rocchi, Giovanni B., 477 
 
 Rochambeau, Je-n Bapriste Donatien Vimeure, 
 Cotate de, 414, -.37, 1123 
 
 Roche, W. J., 1050, 1069 
 
 Rochester University, 718 
 
 RockefeUer, De Witt C, 779, 785 
 
 Rockefeller, John D., 11 44, 1162 
 
 Rockefeller, William, iS, 25, 27, jS, i'44, 116: 
 
 Rockefeller, W. J., 1144, 1164 
 
 Rode, Minnie, 367 
 
 Roden, George, 208 
 
 Rodenstein, L. A., 386 
 
 Roe, Charles F., charter member, 26: granr 
 marshal of Historical parade, 2S8, 289 
 grand marshal of Military parade, 345, 34!) 
 grand marshal of Carnival parade, 3^15 
 mentioned in Commission list, II44; com 
 mittees, 1156, 1158, 1162 
 
 Roe, Mrs. Charles F., 852 
 
 Roe, Helen, 501 
 
 Roe, Thomas, 501 
 
 Roeben, Edw., 370 
 
 Roeben, Martha, 370 
 
 Roegener, Adolph, 366 
 
 Roehr, Carl J., 26, 724, 1144, 1151, 1155 
 
 Roelandsen, Adam, 3S5 
 
 Roell, J., 239, 1147 
 
 Roell, J. A., inquires for American views of Rieckel 
 Half Moon, 94; writes to Admiral Coghlan, j^ 
 96; directs building of Half Moon, 96; re- p„vaards 
 quests her admission duty free, 97; member ^ J 
 of Netherlands Hudson-Fulton Committee, 
 239, 1147; donor, 241 
 
 Roell, W., 241 
 
 Roesinger, Charies, 370 
 
 Roger, Martha, 504 
 
 Rogers, Henry H., Jr., 348 
 
 Rogers, John, 503 
 
 Rogers, Woodruff, 842 
 
 Rohde, Marta, 371 
 
 Rohe, Gertrude M., 372 
 
 Rohrback, F., 833 
 
 Rohrback, Max, 372 
 
 Rohrback, W. E., 369, 833 
 
 Rojas, Pedro Ezequiel, guest, 149; note of 
 thanks, 172 
 
 Roller, Ferdinand, 364, 366 
 
 Romaine, Louis T., 22, 26, 206, 855, 1 144, 1 159 
 
 Roman Catholics on Staten Island, 790 
 
 Rombout-Brett .Association, 72 
 
 Romeo, F., 477 
 
 Romero, Cayetano, 152 
 
 Pvooney, John J., S30 
 
 Rooney, Robert J., 504 
 
 Roosevek, Franklin D., 1 144, 1160 
 
 Roosevelt, Johannis, 979 
 
 Roosevelt, Robert B., 16, 17, 18, 25, 27, 38, 
 "44 
 
 Roosevelt, Theodore, 340, 395, 396, 404 
 
 Root, Elihu, quoted, ii, 9; speaks at Official 
 banquet, 341; mentioned, 776, 978; in Com- 
 mission list, 1 144 
 
 Rosch, Emil C, 1016 
 
 Rose, Arthur P., 1144, 1154 
 
 Rose, Herbert, 919 
 
 Rose, John B., 933 
 
 Rose, Nellie .*\gnes, 502 
 
 Rosenberg, Eddie, 368 
 
 Rosenberg, Rose, 502 
 
 Rosenkranz, Louis, 1144, 1164 
 
 Ross, James, 179 
 
 Ross, Robert, 503 
 
 Ross, William, 311 
 
 Ross, Worth G., 127; guest, 150 
 
 Rossdale, Albert B., 1144, 1152 
 
 Rossi, Adolfo, 477 
 
 Rossiter, Clinton L., 724, 834 
 
 Roth, George B., 503 
 
 Roth, Philip, 760 
 
 Rothschild, S. F., 724 
 
 Rotterdamsche Bank, 239 
 
 Rotterdamsclie Transport Maatschappij, 241 
 
 Rowan, S. C, 144 
 
 Rowe, A., 1144, 1 164 
 
 Rowe, George H., 1144 
 
 Rowley, Charles W., 1090, 1091 
 
 Rowley, Edwin C, 997, 998 
 
 Royaards, J. G. M., 241 
 
1408 
 
 Index 
 
 Royal 
 
 Royal Dutch West India Mail, ^39, 1147 
 
 Royal Packet Mail Co., 239 
 
 Royce, Stephen \V., 502 
 
 Ruckhaber, Ella, 370 
 
 Ruddock, Albert M. B., 446 
 
 Rudolphy, Gustav O., 838 
 
 Ruggiero, Vitto, 477 
 
 Ruhl, Henry, 413 
 
 Rummel, Philip Charles, 503 
 
 Ruprecht, Philipp, 215 
 
 Ruisel, Lillian, 503 
 
 Russell, Edward J., 779, 783 
 
 Russell, Everett, 502 
 
 Russell, F., 218 
 
 Russell, J., 218 
 
 Russell, John A., 1028 
 
 Russell, Nechia M., 504 
 
 Russia, official representatives, 149, 152; thanks 
 for hospitality, 169 
 
 Russian citizens participation in celebration, 
 506, 50S 
 
 Rustem Bey, A., guest, 149; at Brooklyn re- 
 ception, 722 
 
 Ruys, W. & Sons, 239 
 
 Ryan, Gerald, 501 
 
 Ryan, Mary, 503 
 
 Ryan Scintillator, 122, 585 
 
 Ryan, Stephen, 1144, 11 54 
 
 Ryan, Thomas F., 26, 1144, 1163, 1164 
 
 Ryan, William J., 504 
 
 Ryder, Elliott, 501 
 
 Sack, Fred, 369 
 
 Sackett, Augustine, 899 
 
 Sackett, Henry W., signs letter to J. W. Wads- 
 worth, Jr., i; to Mayor McCleUan, 21; Sec- 
 retary of Hudson Ter-centenary committee, 
 18; charter member and trustee of Hudson- 
 Fulton Celebration Commission, 25, 27; 
 Secretary of Commission, 38, 1136; presented 
 with gold medal, 39; pictures of medal, 525; 
 signs of&cial invitations, 128; thanked by 
 Moorish delegates, 163500 Fort Amsterdam 
 tablet committee, 427; mentioned at Stony 
 Point, 469; on Verrazzano Monument com- 
 mittee, 477; portrait, 515; at German banquet, 
 860; at Von Koester dinner, 873; accompanies 
 Inwood Hill delegation in call on Mayor, 
 1100; signs letter to Mayor about Inwood 
 Hill, 1 102; accompanies Gen. Woodford when 
 presenting gold medal to President Taf t, 1 1 1 3 ; 
 signs letters accompanying gold medals to 
 governments sending ships, 11 15, luS, 1119 
 et seq. ; mentioned in Commission list, 1144; 
 committees, 1150, 1153, 1156°, U59, 1162 
 
 Sackett, Mrs. Heniy W., 852, 873 
 
 Sackett & Wilhelms Co., 87 
 
 Sadler, F.-N., 207 
 
 Saenger, S. K., 364, 366 
 
 Sage, Mrs. Russeil, 508, 1060, 1144 
 
 Sague, John K., chairman of Old Home Week 
 committee, 927; vice-chairman Upper Hud- 
 son committee, 927; auditor, 929; head of 
 Poughkeepsie organization, 940, 947; meets 
 Governor, 948, 949; presides at official ban- 
 quet, 950, 957, 959; takes Governor to 
 Morgan House banquet, 967; mentioned in 
 lists, 1 144, 1164 
 
 Sague, Katherine N., 115, 942 
 
 Sahler, Daniel D., 980 
 
 Sailors' entertainment at Hippodrome, 851; at 
 Columbia University, 857, See also Aquatic 
 
 Saint Francis Xavicr College, 719 
 
 Saint Nicholas, float, described, 297; picture, 
 649 
 
 Saint Nicholas Society, 17 
 
 Salmon, Prof., 967 
 
 Salomon, F. L., 308 
 
 Salvador, official representatives, 143, 149, 152; 
 thanks for hospitality, 169; at official recep- 
 tion, 275 
 
 Salzler, John M., 503 
 
 Sammon, James F., 504 
 
 Samson, Paul Olmsted, 501 
 
 Sanchez-Cruz, Ricardo, 151 
 
 Sanderson, Lloyd B., S59 
 
 Sands, B. Aymar, 853 
 
 Sandstrom, E. V., 22S 
 
 Sanford, Henry G., 3S9, 390 
 
 Sanford, RolHn B., 1016 
 
 Sanger, William C, 3S9, 1 
 
 Sannon, H. Pauleus, 148 
 
 Santry, A. B., 1144, 1 154 
 
 Sargent, George Henr)', 26, 1144, 1152 
 
 Sarria, Carlos M., 151 
 
 Satler, Victor, 369 
 
 Satterlee, Herbert L., charter member, 26; 
 Chairman of Half Jloon committee, 97; 
 tries sailing qualities of Half Moon, 103; 
 chief of staff, 206; at Holland Society banquet, 
 845; on Columbia Naval Fete committee, 853; 
 mentioned in Commission hst. 1144; commit- 
 tees, 1154, 1 156, 1162 
 
 Sattes, Carrie, 503 
 
 Sattler, Julius, 367 
 
 Saulpaugh, Albert, 987, 994 
 
 Saunder, W. J., 1144 
 
 Saunders, F. H., 853 
 
 Scamozzi, Vincenzo, 251 
 
 Scanlon, John, 983, 10S4, 1093, 1 144, 1164 
 
 Scanlon, J. D., 11 44 
 
 Schaab, Henry, 36S 
 
 Schaefer, Charles, S36, 839 
 
 Schaefer, Ernest, 841 
 
 Schaefer, David, 502 
 
 Schantz, A. A., 210 
 
 Schapire, Edith R., 503 
 
 Scheck, Elsie, 503 
 
 Scheibly, William, 504 
 
 Scheldt, H., 833 
 
 ■54 
 
Indej 
 
 [409 
 
 Schenck, George E., 209 
 
 Schencb, H., 367 
 
 Schenck, Peter A., no 
 
 Schermerhorn, Aithur F., I144, 1158 
 
 Schermerhora, Charles A., 26, 1144, 1154, 
 
 Schermerhorn, M. H. V., 1144, 1164 
 
 Schernikow, Ernesto, 152 
 
 Scheu, Ida, 367 
 
 Scheuermann, Carl, 366 
 
 Scheurleer & Sons, 239 
 
 Schieffelin, George R., 390 
 
 Schieren, Charles A., 724, 725, 1144, 1 
 
 1158 
 Schiff, Jacob H., I144, 1155 
 Schiffer, Leo, 372 
 SchiU, Fred, 364, 366 
 Schincke, Max, 831 
 Schlegel, Carl, 838, 839 
 Schlesinger, Mas, 1046 
 Schnell, B., 833 
 Schlemmer, Augustus W., secretary B 
 
 Citizens committee, 793, 794, S41; in 
 
 1144, 1 150 
 Schlesing & Co., 241 
 Schley, Grant B., 1144 
 Schley, Julian L., 280 
 Schlittler, C. B., 373 
 Schloss, Joseph, 887, 1144; committees, 1 
 
 1151, 1155,1157 
 Schlott, Charles, 371 
 Schmidt, Joe H., 371 
 Schmidt, P. J., 794 
 Schmitt, Eugenie, 371 
 Schnabe!, Albert J., 369 
 Schneider, G. J., 887, 1144, 1149, 1155, 11 
 Schoeneck, Edward, 1144 
 Schneider, J. H., 373 
 Schneider, Mamie, 369 
 Schneider, Margaret, 372 
 Schneider, Martha, 504 
 Schneider, Miss, 903 
 Schnell, B., 368 
 Schobcr, Julia A., 370 
 Schober, W. F., 370 
 Scholar, GustaT, 363, 364, 366, 839, 1144, 1 
 
 1158 
 Scholten, J. E., 239, 1147 
 Scholten, P. W., 241 
 Scbolz, August, 366 
 Schoock, Genevieve, 501 
 School Teachers^ tablet, 385 
 
 808; picture, 1223 
 Schoonmaker, John D., 969 
 Schoonmaker, John M., 1144 
 Schoonover, W. George, 919 
 Schoppe, B., 216 
 Schostal, Franz, 831 
 Schratter, Aug., 367 
 Schreiber, J., 386 
 Schroeder, Aug., 368 
 Schroeder, E. J., 306, 307 
 
 dedic 
 
 Schroeder, John, 368 Schenc 
 
 Schroeder, Seaton, quoted, 140; guest, 144; jq 
 letter of thanks, 173; Commander-in-chief ot OcUv 
 Atlantic fleet, 227; at Governor's Island re- '^ " > 
 ception, 279 
 
 Schroeder, Mrs. Seaton, 852 
 
 Schroers, John, 1144, 1155 
 
 Schubert, W., 370 
 
 Schug, Andreas, 371 
 
 Schuler, Miss, 371 
 
 Schultes, Emilie, 368 
 
 Schultz, George M. S., 794 
 
 Schulz, Ed., 833 
 
 Schumacher, H., 372 
 
 Schumack, Ambrose, 860 
 
 Schumann-Heink, Mme., 839, 840 
 
 Schurman, Jacob Gould, charter member of 
 Commission, 26; charter trustee, 28; chair- 
 man of General Commemorative Exercises 
 committee, 498; in Commission list, 1144; 
 committees, 1151, I153, 1162 
 
 Schutz, Magnus, 911, 922, 923 
 
 Schuyler, Georgina, 115 
 
 Schuyler, Louisa Lee, 1 1 5 
 
 Schuyler, Peter, and Indians at Court of St. 
 James, float, described, 297; picture, 651 
 
 Schuyler, Philip, 437, 472 
 
 Schwab, Charles M., 180 
 
 Schwab, Gustav H., 1144 
 
 Schwab, Jacob, 1144 
 
 Schwab, John, 366 
 
 Schwab, Gustav H., 26 
 
 Schwanenberg, H., 837 
 
 Schwannecke, Albert F., 794 
 
 Schwarz, Robert, 839 
 
 Schwarzenbach, James E. 
 
 Schweiger, Rosa, 371 
 
 Schwiebert, John F., 373 
 
 Schworm, Walter, 501 
 
 Scientific Exhibitions, !i 
 summary, 195; public 
 1149 
 
 Scofield, Charles F., 307 
 
 Scopes, John E., ioi5 
 
 Scotch acres, 405 
 
 Scotch citizens participation in celebration, 287, 
 291, 292 
 
 Scott, Hugh L., guest, 127, 150; gives reception 
 at West Point, 137, 278, 279; report quoted, 
 281; at Von Koester dinner, 873; in lists, 1144, 
 1 157, 1158. See also West Point. 
 
 Scott, Mrs. Hugh L., 153, 852, 873 
 
 Scott, Ina, 502 
 
 Scott, Jacob C. E., 1019 
 
 Scott, Joseph F., 1144 
 
 Scott, Oliver, 910 
 
 Scott, W. L., 217 
 
 Scrugham, William W., 921, 922 
 
 Scudder, Townsend, 1144, 1154 
 
 Scudder, Wallace M., 1144, 1159 
 
 Scully, Thomas J., 221 
 
 1144, 1154 
 
 , 69; description, 174, 
 ions, 196; committee. 
 
I4I0 
 
 Index 
 
 Scutt Scutt, Edna R., 505 
 
 to Sim- ^'^''' °' Commission, described, 75; picture, 
 
 ™°°® Sealy, Frank L., 84Z 
 
 Searle, Jeremiah, 933 
 
 Season of Blossoms, float, described, 294; pic- 
 ture, 633 
 
 Season of Fruits, float, described, 294; picture, 
 63s 
 
 Season of Hunting, float, described, 294; pic- 
 ture, 635 
 
 Season of Snows, float, described, 294; picture, 
 
 637 
 
 Secor, Florence, 1090 
 
 Seely, Warren, 503 
 
 Scger, Marie, 504 
 
 Seidel, Herman, 372 
 
 Seitz, Louis A., 368 
 
 Seitz, Oscar, 363, 838, 1144, 1155, 1158 
 
 Selden, Robert, 987 
 
 Selden, William B., 386 
 
 Self, Ruth, 5C» 
 
 Seligman, Isaac N., 26, 28; elected treasurer, 
 38, 1 136; work as treasurer, 46; tribute of 
 appreciation, 47; thanked by Moorish dele- 
 gates, 163; portrait, 515; at German banquet, 
 860; accompanies Inwood Hill committee 
 in call on Mayor, iioo; signs letters to heads 
 of governments, 1115, 1119 et seq.; in Com- 
 mission and committee lists. 1 144, 1 1 53, 11 62 
 
 Seligman, Mrs. Isaac N., 852 
 
 Seligman, J. & W. Si Co., bankers for the Com- 
 mission, 46 
 
 Seligsbcrg, Louis, 26, 1144, 1155 
 
 Sellars, Hazel, 500 
 
 Seller, Laura, 503 
 
 Senecal, Andrew C, 1144 
 
 Senger, Victoria, 371 
 
 Senner, Joseph H., 26, 1144 
 
 Sennett, May, 504 
 
 Sentanen Lor Java Sugar Factories, 241 
 
 Sentiment, stronger than law, 13 
 
 Servatius, B. W. N., 241 
 
 Seward, Frederick W., charter member of Com- 
 mission, 26; trustee, 28; Vice-President, 38, 
 1 136; Chairman of Plan and Scope committee, 
 59; presides at exercises at Stony Point, 459, 
 461, 464, 469, 474, 475; accompanies Inwood 
 Hill delegation in call on Mayor, iioo; signs 
 letters to heads of governments, 11 15, 11 19 
 et seq.; mentioned in Commission list, 1144; 
 committees, 1153, 1157, 1160, 1162, 1164= 
 
 Seward, George F., 26, 1 144 
 
 Seward, William H., 340, 431, 459 
 
 Seymour, Edward Hobart, guest, 143, 146, 228; 
 letter of thanks, 159; speaks at Official recep- 
 tion, 264; attends reception at Governors 
 Island, 279; visits West Point, 281; speaks at 
 Official banquet, 317, 329; at Brooklyn re- 
 ception, 722; at Naval fete, 855; at Pilgrim 
 Society banquet, 858; at German banquet. 
 
 Seymour, Edward Hobart — Continued 
 
 859, 871; tribute from Admiral Von Koester, 
 864; reciprocates same, 866; mentioned ia 
 letter to King, 11 33 
 
 Siiakespeare, William, 431 
 
 Shankey, Chief, 901 
 
 Shanks, Milo, 1 144 
 
 Shannon, William N., 1144, 1160 
 
 Shapiro, Abraham, 919 
 
 Sharp, Alexander, 145, 22S, 347 
 
 Sharpe, Lee H., 501 
 
 Shattuck, Wendell, P., ;oi 
 
 Sheba, Queen of, float, described, 375; picture, 
 1183 
 
 Sheehan, Daniel, 1144, 1154 
 
 Sheehan, WiUiam F., 26, 1144, 1156 
 
 Sheeky, Mary F., 504 
 
 Sheil, Peter A., 794 
 
 Sheldon, George R., 1144 
 
 Shepard, Edward M., 724, 1144, 1154, 1162 
 
 Sheppard, F. L., 215 
 
 Sherlock, Ethel, 504 
 
 Sherman, George H., 941 
 
 Sherman, James S., receives ofHcial calls, 141; 
 ofijcial guest, 142; speaks at Official banquet, 
 317, 321; detained from Brooklyn reception, 
 721 
 
 Sherman, Mrs. James S., 153, 721, 851 
 
 Sherman, Ralph, 503 
 
 Siierraan, Mrs. Roger M., 183 
 
 Sherrill, C. H., 1129, 1131 
 
 Sherry, Lansford F., 795 
 
 Shiron, W., 368 
 
 Sherry, Lansford F., 348 
 
 Shipman, A. K., 920 
 
 Shoe, John G. T., 218 
 
 Short, William B., 794 
 
 .Shotts, John C, 912, 913, 916, 919 
 
 Shrady, Mrs. George, 873 
 
 Shrady, Heniy M., 415 
 
 Shrive, William, 910 
 
 Shuttleworth, Esther, 503 
 
 Siam, official representatives, 149, 152 
 
 Sibley, Frederick W., 347 
 
 Siedenberg, Rhd., 860 
 
 Siegfried, float, described, 376; picture, 1189 
 
 Sieh, Elsa, 372 
 
 Sieh, George, 372 
 
 Sievers, H. F., 370 
 
 Silkman, Theodore H., 1144, 1154, 1157 
 
 Sill, Frederick, 1090 
 
 Silliman, Arthur W., 501 
 
 Silliman, Mrs. S. A., 1049, 1053, 1071 
 
 Silver, David, 896 
 
 Simmons, Alonzo, 1069 
 
 Simmons, Charles A., 797 
 
 Simmons, Edna, 503 
 
 Simmons, Erwin G., 502 
 
 Simmons, J. Edward, 16, 19, 26, 28, 1144, 
 
 1 153, 1 164 
 Simmons, Jennette, 842 
 
Index 
 
 141 1 
 
 Simon, J.. 372 
 Simon, Louis Joseph, 152 
 Simon, Robert E., 386 
 Simons, N., 241 
 Simpson, James, 306 
 Simpson, John W., 26, 1144, 1152 
 Simpson, Mrs. John W., 180 
 Sims, William S., 145, 227, 347 
 Sinclair, John J., 873, 1144, 1152 
 Sinclair, Scott, 368 
 Singer, C. A., Jr., 217 
 
 Sinkhovitch, Prof., thanked by Moorish dele- 
 gates, 163 
 Sinnott, N. J., 216 
 
 Sirens, float, described, 379; picture, 1207 
 Six, W., 141 
 Skelly, P. F., 220 
 Skinner, Alanson, 184 
 Skinner, E. V., 26, 1144 
 Skinner, Marjorie, 501 
 Skinner, Olena C, 501 
 Slack, Clarence M., 501 
 Slater, W. A., 180 
 Slauson, C. M., 1 144, 11 54 
 Sleepy Hollow Legend, float, described, 302; 
 
 Sleigh, old Broadway, float, described, 303; 
 
 picture, 677 
 Slicer, Thomas R., 1 144 
 Sloan, R. S., 206, 853 
 Sloan, William M., 905, 1144 
 Slocum, G. R., 145 
 Slocum, Joseph J., 1 144 
 Slocum, Margaret E., 502 
 Sluis & Groot, 241 
 Sluis, N., 241 
 Small, Margaret, 504 
 Smalling, Bemardine, 500 
 Smisek, Helen, 501 
 Smith, A. Coleman, 899 
 Smith, A. Page, 1016 
 Smith, A. W., 206, 211, 1144, 1152 
 Smith, .'\nita Merle, 115 
 Smith, Benjamin V., 1022 
 Smith, C. J., 2IO 
 Smith, Charles Stewart, 26, 28, 180, 385, 390, 
 
 "44 
 Smith, Clarence S., 899 
 Smith, Clarence W., 349, 723, 756, 794 
 Smith, C. Sanford, 308 
 Smith, E. B., 213 
 Smith, F. C. W., 211 
 Smith, Fred A., 903 
 Smith, Frederic H., 2S0 
 Smith, George Moore, 2o5, 348, 937, 938, 1145, 
 
 1158, 1159 
 Smith, Helen A., 503 
 Smith, Henry, 206, 1145, 1 159 
 Smith, Herbert, 307, 308 
 Smith, H. ?L, 311 
 Smith, Howard C, 987 
 
 Smith, Isaac H., 903, 1145, 1157 
 
 Smith, John, Capt., 433, 747 
 
 Smith, John K., 1145, 1154 
 
 Smith, L. M., 933 
 
 Smith, Marguerite V. V., 503 
 
 Smith, Myron, 1145, 1157 
 
 Smith, Oliver, 502 
 
 Smith, Oscar, 1019 
 
 Smith, Paul, 501 
 
 Smith, R. A. C, 212, 859 
 
 Smith, Raymond, 500, 503 
 
 Smith, Roberta, 502 
 
 Smith, Simeon B., 207 
 
 Smith, Mrs. S. McK., 778 
 
 Smith, S. Willard, 1145 
 
 Smith, Velena, 501 
 
 Smith, W. A., 940 
 
 Smith, Walter, 312 
 
 Smith, W. Charier, 1 145 
 
 Smith, Walter Lloyd, 1 145 
 
 Smith, William, 115 
 
 Smith, Wilton Merle, 115 
 
 Smock, John C, 1145 
 
 Snelleman, J. F., 241 
 
 Snyder, Charles A., 503 
 
 Snyder, Clarence T.,' 1 145 
 
 Snyder, E. H., 209 
 
 Snyder, Henry F., vice chairman Upper Hudson 
 committee, 927; chairman of Albany com- 
 mittee, 1015, 1016; reviews fraternal pa- 
 rade, 1023; welcomes Half Moon and Cler- 
 mont, 1023; address of welcome, 1024; 
 reviews welcome parade, 1029; presides at 
 banquet, 1030, 1035, 1037, 1041, 1042, 1044; 
 in pictures, 1325, 1329; in lists, 1145, 1164 
 
 Snyder, James M., 1069 
 
 Social events: Metropolitan Museum of Art 
 opening, 844; Holland Society banquet, 844; 
 Netherlands Chamber of Commerce and 
 Netherlands Club banquet, 848; Harlem 
 citizens banquet, 848; sailors at Hippodrome, 
 S51; dinner to visiting ladies by Mrs. Wood- 
 ford and Mrs. Low, 85 1 ; Naval Fete at Colum- 
 bia University, 852; Pilgrim Society banquet, 
 858; German banquet, 859; dinner to Admiral 
 von Koester by Gen. Woodford, 872; Brook- 
 lyn reception and ball, 721. See alsochapters 
 on local celebrations along Upper Hudson 
 
 Sohl, Minna, 368 
 
 Sohmer, Hugo, 839 
 
 Sohmer, WiUiam, 1145, 1155 
 
 Solan, Luigi, 477, 1145 
 
 Somcrs, Arthur S., 724 
 
 Song, float, described, 373; picture, 1175 
 
 Sonne, Paul, 501 
 
 Sons of American Revolution, 17, 291, 446 
 
 Sons of the Revolution eihibition, 70, 186, 195; 
 in parades, 291, 292, 1028 
 
 Sons of Veterans, 349, 352 
 
 Spain, oflicial representatives, 149, 152; thanks 
 for hospitality, 170 
 
 Spain 
 
1412 
 
 Indt 
 
 Spakler Spakler, W., 241 
 
 jQ Spangenburg, Augustus, 788 
 
 Stocking 
 
 Spanish childr 
 507 
 
 :ipati( 
 
 Spanish War Veterans, 349, 897, 907, ioz8, 1071 
 
 Sparkman, J. D., 211 
 
 Sparks, William, 350 
 
 Spectators, estimate of number, 204, 875; 
 pictures of, 623, 703, 705 
 
 Spence, John, 1084 
 
 Spencer, Joseph, 388 
 
 Spencer, Nelson S., 26, 28, 1 145, 1152, I15& 
 
 Spencer, Samuel, 1145 
 
 Sperry, James A., 724, 756, 1 145, 1 151 
 
 Speyer, James, 859, 1145, "55 
 
 Spiering, B. F. K., 241 
 
 Spiering, F. W. J. C, 241 
 
 Spinner, Berta, 372 
 
 Spooner, Allen N., 203, 206, 1 145, 1 159 
 
 Sprague, T., 307 
 
 Spratt, George V. L., 940, 1145, 1164 
 
 Spreckels, H. P., 913 
 
 Spreckels, Louis, 916 
 
 Springstead, Wesley J., 1145, 1157 
 
 Springstell, G. A., 902 
 
 Spuyten Duyvil Hill, histor)-, 413 
 
 Stack, James H., 1145 
 
 Staehle, R., 373 
 
 Stafte, Philip, 739, 741 
 
 Stafford, Everett J., 500 
 
 Stager, Wolfram, 367 
 
 Stamford, H. P., 311 
 
 Stamler, Mrs. Jacob C, 386 
 
 Stamp Act, float, described, 29S; picture, 653 
 
 Stands, reviewing, committee work, 116; loca- 
 tion, 116; seating, 878; aldermanic stands, 
 8S9; members of committee, 1152 
 
 Stannard, Myra, 501 
 
 Stanton, S. W., 208 
 
 Staplcton, William H., 504 
 
 Starace, Achille, 477 
 
 Starbuck, Charles A., 222 
 
 Starbuck, Charles R., 1 145, 1 149 
 
 Starin, John H., 26, 1145 
 
 Staring, M. L. C, 241 
 
 Stark, H. R., 207 
 
 Starkey, Leon, 503 
 
 State Department of Education pamphlet, 499; 
 given stercopticon views, 718 
 
 Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences, 
 193, 195, 778; American Revolution Society, 
 778; English Colonial Society, 778; Historical 
 Society, 778; Sons of Holland, 778 
 
 Staten Island Shipbuilding Co., 105 
 
 Stauffer, D. McN., 392, 396 
 
 Stayton, W. H., 211 
 
 Steam navigation, significnace, 4; pioneers ia 
 France, 259 
 
 Stearns, John N., Jr., 289, 346, 365 
 
 Steckler, Louis, 477, 482 
 
 Stedman, Edmund Clarence, 748 
 
 Steen, Jan, paintings, 179 
 
 Steers, Alfred E., 349, 723, 756, 1 145 
 
 Stefani, Arturo, 477 
 
 Stefter, A. L., 761 
 
 Stein, C. A., 1067 
 
 Steinbrcnner, Laura, 503 
 
 Steiner, E. J., 307 
 
 Sleinert, Emma, 371 
 
 Stella, Antonio, 477 
 
 Stelle, L. K., 972 
 
 Stepat, Otto, 370 
 
 Stephens, Stephen D., 780, 792 
 
 Stephens, Mrs. Stephen D., 778 
 
 Stercopticon views, 717 
 
 Sterling, Frances, 501 
 
 Sterling, George, 214 
 
 Stern, Charles, 371 
 
 Stern, Isaac, 26, 1145, 1 152 
 
 Stern, Louis, 26, 1145, 1155 
 
 Stern, Robert, 761 
 
 Starry, Frederick, 854 
 
 Sterry, Mrs. George E., 3S6 
 
 Stetson, Francis Lyndc, chairman of Law and 
 Legislation committee, 24; charter member, 
 26, 28; vice-president, 38, 1136; on special 
 committee, 39; chairman of Official banquet 
 committee, 314; guest at von Koester dinner, 
 873; signs letters accompanying gold medals 
 to governments sending ships, 1 1 15, 1 1 19 
 et seq.; in Commission list, 1 145; committees, 
 I150, 1153, I156-, I157, I159, I160, 1162, 
 1164 
 
 Stener, Minnie, 370 
 
 Stevens, Carroll H., 899 
 
 Stevens, Edwin A., 392, 394, 395, 403, 409 
 
 Stevens, Joseph W., 1016 
 
 Stevens, William, 502 
 
 Stevens, William D., 503 
 
 Stevensen, Jan, 3S5 
 
 Stevenson, William P., 911, 917 
 
 Stewart, C. R., 216 
 
 Stewart, Dorothy G., 502 
 
 Stewart, Ethel, 503 
 
 Stewart, Gilchrist, 114; 
 
 Stewart, Louis, 26, I145, I150 
 
 Stewart, Seth Thayer, 724 
 
 Stewart, W. H., 987 
 
 Stickles, Helen, 503 
 
 Stickney, Charles D., 873 
 
 Stickney, Mrs. Charles D., 852, S73 
 
 Stief, Sophie, 371 
 
 Still, John A., 308 
 
 Stillman, Francis, 367 
 
 Stillman, James, 16, 19, 26, 28. 1145, 1 164 
 
 Stillman, L. L., 1145 
 
 Stillson, R. L., 308, 309 
 
 Stillwagon, J., 218 
 Stimson, Daniel McM., 390 
 Stirling, William Alexander, 435, 437 
 Stock, Carrie, 368 
 Stocking, S. S., 820 
 
Index 
 
 1413 
 
 StoddarJ, A. H., captain of pagcantr5',43, 283, 
 
 289, 363, 366, 713, 1029 
 Stoddard, Ed., 894 
 Stoddard, Mrs. George C, 386 
 Stoddard, Henry L., 1156 
 Stakes, Edward C, chairman of New Jersey 
 
 committee, 12; in Commission li.st, 1145; 
 
 committees, 11 59, 1 162 
 Stol!, Edith, 502 
 Stolzenbergcr, Frank A., 370 
 Stone, Flora E., 503 
 Stone, Herbert L., 311 
 Stone, Melville E., 858, 1145, 1162 
 Stone, Rhobie, 503 
 Stone, William L., 114; 
 Stony Brook, Staten Island, celebration, 780 
 Stony Point, Storming of, float, described, 299; 
 
 picture, 65i 
 Stony Point arch, 384; dedicated, 457; picture, 
 
 1237 
 
 ■, work, 457; members, 
 
 Stony Point 
 1 162 
 
 Stoop, A., 241 
 
 Stoop, F., 241 
 
 Stoop, F. C, guest, 147; guarantor, 239; speaks 
 at Newburgh, 360 
 
 Stoop, Mrs. F. C, 153,852 
 
 Storer, Mrs. John H., 3S6 
 
 Stork, D. W., 239, 1 147 
 
 Stork, F., 241 
 
 Storm, Clarence, 389, 390 
 
 Storms, Charles E., 1145, 1157 
 
 Storrs, Richard S., 746 
 
 Story, George H., 183 
 
 Story, Mrs. William C, 446, 453 
 
 Strait, B. A., 207 
 
 Strakosch, Hazel, 502 
 
 Strassburger, R. B., 211 
 
 Straus, Oscar, chairman Fulton Centennial 
 committee, 20; charter member of Hudson- 
 Fulton Commission, 26, 28; vice-president, 
 38, 1136; signs letters to heads of govern- 
 ments, 1115, 1119 etseq.; in Commission and 
 committee lists, II45, 1153, 1158, I162 
 
 Straus, Samuel, 1 145, I162 
 
 Strauss, Joseph, 228 
 
 Strauss, Max, 114;, 1 1 63 
 
 Streeter, Hilda E., 501 
 
 Strong, Charles H., 1145, 1161, 1162 
 
 Stroud, Henry W., 841 
 
 Stuart, Edwin S., 150 
 
 Stuten, D. D., 241 
 
 Stuyvesant, Peter, reception, float, described, 
 296; picture, 645; mentioned, 337, 819, 959 
 
 Subscriptions, 45 et seq. 
 
 Suermondt, W. Tabingh, 241 
 
 Sugerman, Louis, 1145, 1152 
 
 Sullivan, Mrs. A. S., 873 
 
 Sullivan, F. de C, 212 
 
 Sullivan, Frances, 873 
 
 Sullivan, James F., 873 
 
 90 
 
 Sullivan, John, General, 435, 437, 790 « 
 
 Sullivan, Mary E., 504 
 
 Sullivan, Michael J., 841 
 
 Sullivan, Timothy P., 151, 887, 8S8, 1145; ^ 
 
 committees, 1149, 1155, 1157, ii6i 
 Sully, Thomas, 189 
 Sumner, Edward A., 226 
 Sumter, Thomas, 437 
 Suszynski, Stefan, 350, 1 145 
 SutcUffe, Arthur Taylor, 115 
 Sutcljffe, Mrs. Arthur Taylor, 111,113,115,183 
 Sutfin, Glenola, 501 
 Sutherland, F. Herbert, 1145, 1164 
 Sutherland, George R., 1145, 1151 
 Sutherland, Jennie M., 501 
 Sutherland, Leslie, 891, 912, II45, 1157 
 Sutherland, Mary, 503 
 Sutro, Theodore, 26, 1145, "<'■ 
 Sutton, George C, 307 
 Sutton, James W., 1 145 
 Sutton, O. W., 1145 
 Suydam, J. H., proposes celebration, 15 
 Suvdam, Walter L., 389, 390 
 Swabeaum, Van Dyke, 958 
 .Swan, Mrs. Wm., 386 
 Swan, W.W., 311 
 Swanson, Charles, 1145, I155 
 Swartwout, H. B., 1145, 1154 
 Sweden, official representatives, 149, 152; 
 
 thanks for hospitality, 170 
 Swedish citizens participation in celebration, 
 
 287, 291, 760 
 Sweeney, George W., 1 145 
 Sweet, H. M., 1084 
 Ssveet, Warren M., 1145, 1154 
 Sweetland, Clair, 503 
 Sweijs, J. C, 241 
 Swiss participation, 363, 364, 372, 373, 859, 
 
 869 
 Switzerland, official representatives, 149, 152 
 Swords, Henry C, 1145 
 Syracuse University, 718 
 Syrian citizens participation in celebration, 287, 
 
 -9-. 5°7, 5°8 
 
 Taber, Edmund B., 43 
 
 Taft, Henry W., 873, 1 145, 1162 
 
 Taft, William H., directs heads of departments 
 
 to assist Commission, 126; unable to attend 
 
 celebration, 141; receives gold medal, 1113; 
 
 his reply, 1 1 1 5 
 Tailer, Edward M., 1145 
 Tainc, H. A., quoted, 5 
 Takamine, Jokichi, presents cherry trees, 243; 
 
 named in Commission list, 1145 
 Takamine, Mrs. Jokichi, 852 
 Talbot, John, 785 
 Talman, H. Parker, 503 
 Tammany Society, 290, 757 
 Tams, J. Frederic, 206, 354 
 
Index 
 
 Tann- Tannhau 
 
 hauser 
 
 cnbed, 375; pictur 
 
 Tappan, Mrs. Walter H., 386 
 iroy Tarrytown ceremonies, 895, 897 
 Tas, Louis, 241 
 Taylor, Bessie C, 503 
 Taylor, Emma Elliott, 504 
 Taylor, Gilbert, 206 
 Taylor, Harvey R., 906 
 Taylor, I. Preston, 834 
 Taylor, J. H., 215 
 Taylor, J. M., 943; speaks, 944 
 Taylor, Lila, 502 
 Taylor, Norman, 191 
 Taylor, O. H., 210 
 Taylor,Stevenson, 1145,1151 
 Taylor, Mrs. Wyatt, 426 
 Teixeira de Mattos Bros., 239 
 Tell, William, float, described, 377; f 
 
 1195 
 Ten Eyck, Ada, 503 
 Tenny, Florence H., 501 
 Tennyson, .Mfred, 432 
 Terborch, Gerard, paintings, 179 
 Terbush, Mildred, 903 
 Ter Horst, A. H., 240 
 TerKuille, J., 1145, 1163 
 Terrell, H. L., 180 
 Terry, Bertha B., 501 
 Terry, Dorothy E., 501 
 Terry, John T., 1145 
 Terwilliger, Ralph, 501 
 Teuscher, Franz, 371 
 Thackeray, Willaim Makepeace, 432 
 Thalraann, Edward, 1145 
 Thalmann, Ernst, 1145 
 Thayer, Samuel R., 1145 
 Thayer, William A., 834 
 Thiel, Valentine, 366 
 Thomas, Eben B., 1145, 1 163 
 Thomas, Frederic C, 348 
 Thomas, George H., 919, 920 
 Thompson, Frederic, 224 
 Thompson, J. R., 933 
 Thompson, Robert M., 206, 212, 853, 85, 
 
 1145, i'59 
 'T Hooft, C. G., 240, 1147 
 Thome, N. D., 211 
 Thornton, Howard, 932 
 Thornton, John, 830 
 Thorpe, H. W., 209 
 Thorpe, W. C, 987 
 Thors, Jos., 241 
 Thor»-elI, Lillie, 501 
 Thum, Joseph, 364, 366 
 Thurkow, C. T. F., 241 
 Thurston, Nathaniel B., 289, 346, 365 
 Tiemann, Aug., 368 
 Tierney, John M., 1 145 
 Tierney, Michael A., 1058 
 Tietzc, Hermann. 366 
 
 Tiffany & Co., 83, 1 112 
 
 Tilden, John N., 903 
 
 Tilden, Samuel J., residence, i83; naval mes- 
 sage, 770 
 
 Tillinghast, Charles W., 1049, 1069 
 
 Tillmann, Margarete, 372 
 
 Tilton, Edgar T., Jr., 459, 460, 475 
 
 Ting-fang, Wu, 148, 855 
 
 Titania, float, described, 376; picture, 1191 
 
 Titus, A. H., 913 
 
 Titus, Fred W., 1145 
 
 Titus, Robert R., 502 
 
 Tobias, Helen N., 501 
 
 Tobin, Daniel M., 830 
 
 Tobin, E. Vera, 501 
 
 Tocci, Frank, 11 45, 1163 
 
 Todd, H. H., 311 
 
 Toles, Ethel G.. 501 
 
 Tompkins, A. H., 917 
 
 Tompkins, Arthur S., 921, 922 
 
 Tompkins, Daniel D., 784 
 
 Tompkins, H. .^ug., 903 
 
 Tompkins, Hamilton B., 390 
 
 Tompkins, Rav, 1 145 
 
 Topakyan, H.H., 152 
 
 Torles.^e, Henry H., 146, 228, S59 
 
 Torpey, William H., 919 
 
 Toscanini, Arturo, 477 
 
 Totten, John Reynolds, 390 
 
 Tower, Earl C, 1070 
 
 Towne, Henry R., 26, 1 145, 1 152 
 
 Towner, Charles H., 895 
 
 Townsend, Mrs. Alice G., 194 
 
 Townsend, Asbur)- C, 1 145 
 
 Townsend, C. H., 190 
 
 Townsend, G. B., 206 
 
 Townsend, Irving, 26, I145, 1 160 
 
 Tracon, Capitaine, 146, 229 
 
 Tracey, John, 219 
 
 Tracey, John T., 830 
 
 Tracy, Benjamin F., 771 
 
 Tracy, Foster, 209 
 
 Transportation, 42; city passenger traffic, S75; 
 members of committee, 1163 
 
 Trask, Spencer, 26, 28, 1145, 1153, 1164 
 
 Trask, Mrs. Spencer, verse, 277 
 
 Trautmann, Ralph, 396 
 
 Traver, Albertina T. B., 50J 
 
 Traver, A., 308 
 
 Traviss, Florence, 503 
 
 Treadwell, George C, 797, 1069 
 
 Treat, E. B., 3S6 
 
 Treat, Mrs. E. B., 386 
 
 Trede, George C, 308 
 
 Trenchard, Edward, 390 
 
 Trinidad, official representative, 152 
 
 Trinity Church Corporation, 183 
 
 Trip, W. Laman, 24 1 
 
 Troeuthe, Joseph, 370 
 
 Tromp, A. W., 241 
 
 Troy, Almira Livingston, 115, 942 
 
Index 
 
 1415 
 
 Troy ceremonies, allocation of funds, 928; local 
 history, 1048; organization, 1048; memorial 
 park, 1050; decorations, 1051; public safety, 
 1052; carnival, 1052, woman's day, 1053; 
 concert, 1066; naval parade, 1067; children's 
 escort for Governor, 1070; banquet, 1071; 
 street parade, 1071; reception, 1072; banquet 
 on Trojan, 1073; night parade, 1082; fire- 
 works, 1082; tribute to Troy, 1083; illustra- 
 tions: Central Court of Honor, 1333; Gov. 
 Hughes and children who escorted him, 1335; 
 Congress street bridge on arrival of fleet, 1337; 
 Dutch windmill in Franklin Square, 1339; 
 illuminations, 1341, 1343; Half Moon, Cler- 
 mont, Norwich and Trojan, 1345 
 
 Troy, Mame, 115 
 
 Troy, Peter H., 940, 943, 947, "45. "64 
 
 Truax, Charles H., 183 
 
 Truesdale, William H., 1145, 1163 
 
 Truman, Gerard, 504 
 
 Tucker, Arthur C, 1145, 1157 
 
 Tucker, E. H., 311 
 
 Tucker Electric Construction Co., 120 
 
 Tuckers, Gladys, 500 
 
 Tuckerman, Eliot, 1145, 1157 
 
 Tudor, Elizabeth, 834, 835 
 
 Tueley, Irene, 504 
 
 Tully, Arthur H., 1 145 
 
 Tully, William J., 1 145 
 
 Tumbridge, John W., 349, 723, 756 
 
 Turkey, official representatives, 143, 149, 152; 
 thanks for hospitality, 171; at official recep- 
 tion, 276 
 
 Turkish children's participation in celebration, 
 507 
 
 Tumbull, Maggie E., 501 
 
 Turner, C. Y., 26, 86, 1145; committees, 1150, 
 "55. "58 
 
 Turner, Donald A., 834 
 
 Turrell, Edgar A., 427 
 
 Turrill, Henry S., "45 
 
 Tuttle, Florence L., 501 
 
 Tuttle, Mrs. H. C, 386 
 
 Twentsche Bank Vereeniging, 239 
 
 Twiggar, Albert W., 1145, "57 
 
 Twombly, Hamilton McK., 398, 399, 408, 
 4" 
 
 Twombly, Mrs. Hamilton McK., 39S, 399 
 
 Tydeman, M., 241 
 
 Tyler, Ethel F., 502 
 
 Tyrrell, Martin, 501 
 
 Tysen, David J., 778 
 
 Tysen, Mrs. David J., 778 
 
 u 
 
 Ulloa, Juan J., guest, 143, 151 ; speaks at Official Troy tO 
 
 It, de- 
 
 Uberroth, P. H., 208 
 Uebr, G. A., 567 
 Uhler, George H., "5 
 Uhlfelder, Manfred S., 917 
 Ullmann, Charles, 373 
 UUmann, Lillian, 568 
 
 reception, 256 
 
 Illmann, Albert, 26, 1145, 1159 
 
 Umsted, Scott, 502 
 
 Uncle Sam Welcoming the Nations, 
 scribed, 382; picture, 1221 
 
 Underwood, F. D., "63 
 
 Unger, Adolph, 371 
 
 Unger, George, 371 
 
 Ungvarsky, John, 915 
 
 Union League Club of Brooklyn, 757 
 
 Union Theological Seminary, 72, 500 
 
 Union Universit)-, 718 
 
 United Electric Light and Power Co., 120 
 
 United Irish League, 291 
 
 United States and Modem Period, float, de- 
 scribed, 302; picture, 671 
 
 United States, cooperation, 12; official repre- 
 sentatives, 126, 142, 144, 150; thanks for 
 hospitality, 173; oSicial medal presented to 
 government, "12 
 
 United States Army, in parades, 347, 351, 795, 
 906, 937, 1027, 1072; in camp on Upper 
 Hudson, 1019, 106S 
 
 United States Navj-, ships, 144, 207, 208, 227; 
 crews win prizes, 306; importance of strong 
 navy, 769; revenue cutter service duties, 964; 
 Oregon's voyage, 1042; pride of Gov. Hughes, 
 1080; in parades, 347, 352, 795, 938, 989 
 
 Unitt, Edward G., 315 
 
 Untermeyer, Samuel, 919 
 
 Upham, Charles C, 390 
 
 Upper Hudson Celebration plan, 925; suggested 
 at beginning, 925; plan extended, 925; C. H- 
 Gaus, first chairman, 927; Upper Hudson 
 Committee organized, 927; allocation of 
 funds, 928; audit of bills, 929; private con- 
 tributions, 929 ; ceremonies at New jurgh, 930; 
 Poughkeepsie, 940; Kingston, 969; Catskill, 
 986; Hudson, 997, .Albany, 1015; Troy, 1048; 
 Cohoes, 10S4 
 
 Upper Hudson committee, work, 925; members, 
 1 1 63 
 
 Upright, Harold J., 502 
 
 Uruguay, official representatives, 143, 149, 152; 
 thanks for hospitahty, 171; at Official recep- 
 tion, 275 
 
 Ushikubo, Daijiro, 243 
 
 Vail, A. H., 941 
 
 Vaillant, Miss C. J. E. M., 241 
 
 Valdez, Ramon M., guest, I43; note of thanks, 
 
 167; at official reception, 275; at Brooklyn 
 
 reception, 722 
 Valentine, E. W., 941, 948 
 Valentincr, W. R., 196 
 Vallance, T. A., 308 
 Van Aken, F. Otis., 969 
 Van Amerongen, H. W. J. E. Taets, 2 ^o 
 Van Amerongen, J. N. .\, Taets, 240 
 
 Van Am- 
 erongen 
 
i4i6 
 
 Index 
 
 Van Ant- Van Antwerp, Thomas I., 1016, 1030 
 WerptO VanArsdale,Jolin,436 
 *^ Van Asbeck, H. E., 240 
 
 Van Van Asbeck, W. D. H., 138, i H? 
 
 Name Vaa Beek, J. F., 238, 1 147 
 
 Van Berkhout, \V. H. Teding, 239 
 
 Van Beuningen, J. G., 239 
 
 Van Beyeren, Abraham, paintings, 179 
 
 Van Blokland, F. A. G. B., 240 
 
 Van Buren, M. de Vries, 241 
 
 Van Bylant, F., 239 
 
 Van Claerbergen, F. J. Vegehn, 241 
 
 Van Corlear, Anthony, 416 
 
 Van Cortiandt House exhibition, 71, 194, 
 
 ■95 
 
 Van Cortiandt, Robert B., 390 
 
 Van de Capelle, Jan, paintings, 179 
 
 Van de Coppello, Mrs. Kappeyne, 240 
 
 Van den Berg, Arnold S., 239 
 
 Van den Bosch, J. A. L., 240 
 
 Van den Brandeier, L. C, 240 
 
 Van den Burgh, P. J., 240 
 
 Van den Heuvel, Mrs. A. van L., 241 
 
 Van der .Arena, M. G., 239 
 
 Vanderbilt, Aaron, 20, 22, 26, 206, 853, iioo, 
 1145,1153,1159,1160 
 
 Vanderbilt, .Alfred G., 26, 28, 1145, 1164 
 
 Vanderbilt, Charles, 903 
 
 Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 22, 26, 28, 199, 289, 346, 
 366, 1145, 1150, 1160 
 
 Vanderbilt, Mrs. Frederick, 855 
 
 Vanderbilt, W.K., 180, 1145 
 
 Van der Boor, W. G., 240 
 
 Van der Burg, P., 240 
 
 Van der Goot, D. H., 240 
 
 Van der Heist, Bartolomaeus, paintings, 
 179 
 
 Van der Heyden, Derick, 1055, 1056 
 
 Van der Heyden, Jan, paintings, 179 
 
 Van der Kellen, J. Ph., 240 
 
 Van der Kemp, Mrs., 240 
 
 Van der Kop, K. C, 241 
 
 Van der Leeuw, H. J., 239 
 
 Van der Neer, Aert, paintings, 179 
 
 Van der Pant, Capt., 147 
 
 Van der Pot, G., 239 
 
 Van der Wyck, C. H. A., 240 
 
 Van der Wyck, H. L., 240 
 
 Van de Velde, Adriaen, painting, 179 
 
 Van de Velde, Willem, paintings, 179 
 
 Van Deventer, C. Th., 239 
 
 Van de Wall, F., 241 
 
 Van Driel, O. J. A. R., 241 
 
 Van Duzer, Henry S., 845, S46, 95S 
 Van 0yck, Louis, 503 
 
 Van Dyke, Henry, member of Holland Society 
 committee, l6; charter member, 26, 28; reads 
 poem on "Henry Hudson's Last Voyage" 
 in Brooklyn, 725, 739; speaks in Albany, 
 1046; mentioned in lists, 1145, 1154; other 
 mention, 748 
 
 Van Eeghen, A. W., 240 
 
 Van Eeghen, Chr. P., 240 
 
 Van Eeghen, S. P., presents pictures of Half 
 Moon, 90; guest, 147; note of thanks, 165; 
 presents Half Moon, 234; signs document, 
 237; member of Netherlands H.-F. commit- 
 tee, 238, 1147; guarantor, 239; speaks, 385; 
 at Holland Society banquet, 845; at Nether- 
 lands banquet, 848 
 
 Van Eeghen, Miss, 153, 852 
 
 Van Es & van Ommeren, 240 
 
 Van Eys, A. E. van B., 240 
 
 Van Geen, Secretary, 846 
 
 Van Gennep, J., 240 
 
 Van Gestel, Jan Theodore, 17 
 
 Van Geuns, J. R., 240 
 
 Van Giesenburg, Baroness d' Ablaing, 240 
 
 Van Gijn, S., 240 
 
 Van Goyen, Jan, paintings, 179 
 
 Van Grovestins, J. E. N. S., 240 
 
 Van Haersolte, J. W. J., 240 
 
 Van Hasfelt, R. C. C, 240 
 
 Van Hattum, M. J., 2.-10 
 
 Van Heek, C. J., 240 
 
 Van Heek, H., 240 
 
 Van Hoboken, Harmanus, 3S5 
 
 Van Hoboken, J., 239 
 
 Van Hoevelaken, J. E. N. S. van der Oye, 239, 
 1147 
 
 Van Hoogstraten, J. S. F., 240 
 
 Van Hoogstraten, J. W. P., signs document ac- 
 companying Half Moon, 237; Secretary of 
 Netherlands H. F. committee, 238, 1147; 
 donor, 240 
 
 Van Hoorn, P. Th., 239 
 
 Van Home, WilUam, 179 
 
 Van Hoytema, D., 240 
 
 Van Iterson, J. A. Roessingh, 241 
 
 Van Inwegen, Mrs. Chas. F., 457 
 
 Van Karnebeek, A. P. C, 240 
 
 Van Kennan, G. E., 1 145 
 
 Van Keuren, Eleanor M., 502 
 
 Van Kleeck, Charles M., 183 
 
 Van Kleeck, Frank, 940 
 
 Van Konijenburg, E., 241 
 
 Van Leer, S., 241 
 
 Van Leeuwen, W. P., guest, 147, 238; donor, 
 241; speaks at Official reception, 271; at Hol- 
 land Society banquet, 845, 847; at Nether- 
 lands banquet, 848; member of Netherlands 
 H.-F. Commission, 1 147 
 
 Van Leeuwen, Mrs. W. F., 153, 852 
 
 Van Leeuwen, Messrs., 153 
 
 Van Lennep, A. G., 241 
 
 Van Leyden, D., 241 
 
 Van Lynden, R. Melvil, 239 
 
 Van Marken, W., 241 
 
 Van Marie, W. W., 241 
 
 Van Meter, W K., 761 
 
 Van Meteren, historian, 1015 
 
 Van Name, Colvin D., 231 
 
Index 
 
 1417 
 
 Van Namee, George R., 1 145 
 
 VanNierop, F. S., 138, 1147 
 
 Van Nispen, F., 241 
 
 Van Norden, Warner, 16, 18, 16, 845, 848, 1145, 
 1162 
 
 Van Nottcn, P., 241 
 
 Van Ommeren, Ph., 239 
 
 Van Oslade, Adriaen, paintings, 179 
 
 Van Ostade, Isack, paintings, 179 
 
 Van Pallandt, E. J. B., 241 
 
 Van Reenen, F., 241 
 
 Van Rees, Miss, 153, 852 
 
 Van Rees, R., presents pictures of Half Moon, 
 90; guest, 147; signs document accompanying 
 Half Moon, 237; member of Netherlands 
 H.-F committee, 238, 1147; at Holland 
 Society banquet, 845 
 
 Van Rees, Mrs. R., 153, 852 
 
 Van Rensselaer, William B., 18, 25, 27; Vice- 
 President, 38; death, 39; on Albany commit- 
 tee, 1015; in Commission and committee 
 lists, 1145, 1153, 1162, 1164 
 
 Van Riemsdijk, B. W. F., 241 
 
 Van Rijn, Rembrandt Harmensz, paintings, 
 ■79 
 
 Van Ritthem, C. L. M. L., 241 
 
 Van Roggen, J. F. Graadt, 241 
 
 Van Rosande, J. D. van W., 241 
 
 Van Royen, ]. W., 241 
 
 Van Ruisdael, Jacob, paintings, 179 
 
 Van Ruysdael, Solomon, paintings, 179 
 
 Van Ryn, C. M., 147 
 
 Van Santvoord, Anna T., 26, 115, 1145 
 
 Van Santvoord, Cornelius, 785 
 
 Van Santvoord, Richard, 208 
 
 Van Santvoord, Seymour, 1069 
 
 Van Santvoord, Talcott C, 16 
 
 Van Schaick, Francis, 501 
 
 Van Schmid, 241 
 
 Van Scoy, Earl, 503 
 
 Van Serooskerken, C. J. van T., 239, 241, 1147 
 
 Van Serooskerken, H. W. J. van T., 241 
 
 Van Slyke, Rev. Dr., 971 
 
 Van Swinderen, P. J., 241 
 
 Van Swinderen, R. de Marees, promotes build- 
 ing of Half Moon, 93; announces intended 
 gift of Half Moon, 95; donor, 241 
 
 Van Themaat, C. J. N. V., 241 
 
 Van Tine, Addison A., 853 
 
 Van Twiller, Wouter, 337, 428 
 
 Van Ufford, J. C. Quarles, 241 
 
 Van Valkenburg, Catherine G., 501 
 
 Van Valkenburgh, George B., 1146, 1154 
 
 Van Voast, Horace S., 1146 
 
 Van Vollenhoven, C, 241 
 
 Van Voorst tot Voorst, J. J. G., 239, 241, 
 1147 
 
 Van Vredenburgh, Baron, 241 
 
 Van Waveren, N. W., 241 
 
 Van Wesel, Jan & Son, 241 
 
 Van Wijk Brothers, 241 
 
 Van Winkle, Rip, float described, 309; picture Van 
 of float, 669; haunts in Catskills, 9S6; haunts JJamee 
 visaed, 996 to Von 
 
 Van Woert, Leslie, 500 
 
 Van Wormer, John R., 1 146 KoHler 
 
 Van Wyck, Augustus, 16, 845, 846 
 
 Varchetta, Armand, 842 
 
 Varick, J. Leonard, 26, II46, I155, I162 
 
 Varrentrapp, Fregettenkapitan, 146, 228, 860 
 
 Vassar College, 718. See also Poughkeepsie 
 ceremonies 
 
 Vassilieff, Commander, 169 
 
 Veit, Richard C, 215 
 
 Vcitch, Clara I., 502 
 
 Velten Carolyn M., 501 
 
 \elten, Jacob J., 724 
 
 Velten, J. J., 887, 1 146; committees, 1149,1151', 
 
 Venezuela, ofBcial representatives, 143, 149, 
 152; thanks for hospitality, 172; at Official 
 reception, 276 
 
 Verdin, Florent, 900 
 
 Vergara, Jose Francisco, guest, 143; at OfEcial 
 reception, 256 
 
 Verkade, E. G., 241 
 
 Vermeer & Co., 239 
 
 Vermeer, Johannes, paintings, 179 
 
 Vermilye, Elizabeth B., 395 
 
 Verplanck's Point Park, committee, 1098; plan 
 for park, 1104; attempted legislation, 1106; 
 picture of Point, 1357; members of commit- 
 tee, 1 164 
 
 Verplanck, Mrs. William E., 183 
 
 Ver Planck, William G., 1146, 11 54 
 
 Verrazzano, Giovanni, mentioned, 8, 259, 432, 
 946, 1 124, 1125; monument in New York, 
 384; dedicated, 476; picture of monument, 
 1239 
 
 Versluys, A. W. van R., 241 
 
 Verspronck, Jan Cornelisz, painting, 179 
 
 Verster, J. F., 241 
 
 Vertoop, N. J., 845 
 
 Verwijnen, J. J., 241 
 
 Vespucius, Amerigo, 480, 731 
 
 Vestens, William, 385 
 
 Victor, George F., 386 
 
 Villalobar, Marquis of, guest, 149; telegraphs 
 thanks, 170, 855 
 
 ViUard, Oswald G., 1146 
 
 Vincent, Ralph M., 501 
 
 Vlasto, Solon J., 477 
 
 Voelker, John P., 838 
 
 Vogel, John, 368 
 
 Vogel, LilUan, 368 
 
 Vogler, Charles, 369 
 
 Voigt, Louise B., 836, 837 
 
 Volker, L., 241 
 
 Von Fischer, Mrs. Theodore, 778 
 
 Von Helmholtz, Hermann, 871 
 
 Von Knyphausen, Wilhelm, 443, 451 
 
 Von Koehler, Gen., 452 
 
[418 
 
 Index 
 
 Von 
 Koester 
 to Watt 
 
 Von Koester, Hans Ludwig Raimund, guest, 
 143, 146, 228; expresses thanks, 158; speaks 
 at OfEcial reception, 263; attends Governors 
 Island reception, 279; visits West Point, 281, 
 speaks at OfEcial banquet, 317, 330; at 
 Brooklyn reception, 722; at Hippodrome con- 
 cert, 831, 832; at Metropolitan Opera House 
 concert, 838; at Carnegie Hall concert, 839; 
 at Naval lete, 855; at German banquet, 859, 
 860, 85i, 863, 868; speaks at same, 863; 
 tribute to Admiral Seymour, 864; reciprocated, 
 866; farewell dinner by Gen. Woodford, 872 
 
 Von Minden, Henry, 370 
 
 Von Moellern, Elsa, 367 
 
 Von Mueller, Erich, 143, 146, 873 
 
 Von Nuber, Alexander, 151, 859 
 
 Von Schrenk, Otto, 838 
 
 Von Skal, George, 841 
 
 Von Steuben, Friedrick Wilhelm Augutt Hein- 
 rich Ferdinand, 437, 43S, 466, 1121 
 
 Von WeckherUn, F., 241 
 
 Von Wedcl, Count, 148 
 
 Voorhees, C. H., 308 
 
 Voorhees, Foster M., 395, 1146, 11 59 
 
 Vorhis, Mrs. Albert, 386 
 
 Voorst, see Van Voorst tot Voorst 
 
 Vorstius, T., 241 
 
 Voute, Caesar, 241 
 
 Voute, M. P., 239 
 
 Vredenburg, C. E., 1146 
 
 Vreeland, E. B., 26, 1146, 1154 
 
 Vrijburg, A., 241 
 
 Vrooman, John W., 1146, 1152, 1156, 1159, 
 ii6z 
 
 W 
 
 Waanke, Marta, 370 
 
 Wade, Mrs. Joseph H., 386 
 
 Wadsworth, Athenaeum, 183 
 
 Wadsworth, James W., Jr., i, 1146, 1157 
 
 Wagner, A., 368 
 
 Wagner, H. C, 833 
 
 Wagner, Henry F., 503 
 
 Wagstaff, Alfred, 1146 
 
 Wahle, Charles G. F., 26, 1146, 1 161 
 
 Wainwright, J. D., 144 
 
 Wainwright, J. Howard, 1146, 1152 
 
 Wainwright, Richard, 144 
 
 Wakelee, Edmund W., 399, 477 
 
 Wakeman, Mrs. Wilbur F., 457 
 
 Wolcott, A. D., 217 
 
 Waldensians, 779, 781 
 
 Wales, Philip M., 1049 
 
 Walker, Emmelina Dethierry, 502 
 
 Walker, G. Delbert, 998 
 
 Walker, Herbert B., 1146, 1149 
 
 Walker, J. B., 921 
 
 Walker, R. L., 207 
 
 Walkure, 6oat, described, 375; picture, 1185 
 
 Wall, P. T., 87 
 
 Wailabout Market Merchants' .Association, 760 
 
 WaUace, James B., 1084 
 
 Wallace, W. O., 207 
 
 Waller, F. G., 241 
 
 Waller, G., 141 
 
 Waller, H. W., Jr., 220 
 
 Waller, M., 373 
 
 Waller, M. J., 241 
 
 Wallerstedt, H., 30S 
 
 Walser, Oliver H., 1090 
 
 Walser, Mrs. William C, 778 
 
 Walsh, James L., 999, 1008 
 
 Walsh, Michael ]., 909, 912, 921, II46, I157 
 
 Walsh, Reginald', 152 
 
 Walters, Alexander, 1 146 
 
 Walton, R. F., 1069 
 
 Walworth, John C, 841 
 
 Wambersie & Sons, 240 
 
 Wanamaker, George W., 504 
 
 Wanamaker, Rodman, guest, 143; at OfEcial 
 reception, 275 
 
 Wandell, Josephine, 457 
 
 War, preparedness for, advocated, 449 
 
 Ward, Aaron, 206, 853, 1146, 11 59 
 
 Ward, B. F., 214 
 
 Ward, George Gray, S59 
 
 Ward, Samuel B., charter member, 26, 28; 
 on Albany committee, 1015; in Commission 
 list, 1146; committees, 1153, 1160, 1162, 11642 
 
 Ward, William T., 940 
 
 Ward, W. L., 26, 1146, 1157, 1164 
 
 Wardwell, William T., 1 146 
 
 Warner, D. M., 1146 
 
 Warren, B. F., 933 
 
 Warren, Charles E., 390 
 
 Warren, Harry, 226 
 
 Warren, Henry P., ioi5 
 
 Warren, Nathan A., chairman of Lower Hudson 
 committee, 890,891, 895, 909, 911, 912, 917, 
 920, 921; in Commission and committee 
 lists, 1 146, 1 149, 1157, 1 162 
 
 Warren, Walter P., 873, 1069 
 
 Warren, Mrs. Walter P., 873 
 
 Warren, Wilham C, 26, 1146 
 
 Washburn, William I., 348 
 
 Washington Continental Guard, 291 
 
 Washington, George, 270, 336, 351, 358, 414, 
 431, 432, 43S, 466, 470, 473. S'°. 734, 74S. 
 746 
 
 Washington, George, floats; taking oath of 
 office, described, 3CX3; picture, 665; coach, 
 described, 301; picture, 667; farewell to his 
 cfEcers, described, 301 ; picture, 669 
 
 Washington's Headquarters Association, New 
 York, exhibition, 71, 194, 195 
 
 Wasson, James D., 1016 
 
 Water Gate, 23, 119, 199; picture, 619 
 
 Waters, N. McGee, speaks in Brooklyn, 725, 
 
 743 
 Waters, Robert B., 11 46 
 
 Watson, Margaret E., 501 
 Watson, W. Martin, 349 
 Watt, James, 261, 265 
 
Index 
 
 1419 
 
 Watters, Philip M., 923 
 
 Wayle, John, 1146 
 
 Wayne, Anthony, statue in Newburgh, 384, 
 931; valor at Stony Point, 458, 463, 466; 
 other mention, 410, 475 
 
 Ways and Means committee, work, 45; mem- 
 bers, 1164 
 
 Weaver, Anthony J., 1146, 1164 
 
 Weaver, Beatrice, 115 
 
 Weaver, David A., 207 
 
 Weaver, William R., 151 
 
 Weaver, iVirs. W^illiam R., 153 
 
 Weaver, Mrs. 115 
 
 Webber, Joseph F., 115 
 
 Webb's Academy, 796 
 
 Weber, Rob, 368 
 
 Webster, Daniel, 255, 270, 333 
 
 Webstero, Archie, 501 
 
 Wedel, Count, 855 
 
 Wedde, Charles, 831 
 
 Wehmeyer, J. Fred, Jr., 1146, 1164 
 
 Weiant, Charles A., 900 
 
 Weiant, Edward, 459 
 
 Weil, Jean, 841 
 
 Weiner, Alphonse, 796 
 
 Weinert, Albert, 391 
 
 Weinland, J. E., 789 
 
 Wcisse, Faneuil Suydam, 183, 390 
 
 Welch, Albert E., 502 
 
 Welch, John C, 940 
 
 Weld, Frederick, 839, S40 
 
 Weller, James H., 912 
 
 Welles, Roger, 145 
 
 Wellington, George B., 1075, 1076 
 
 WeUs, Charles N., 904 
 
 Wells College, 718 
 
 Wells, David T., 43, 289, 366, 723 
 
 Wells, Edward, 26, 1146 
 
 Wells, James L., 794. 797, "46 
 
 Wells, Mildred, 502 
 
 Welsh, John, 504 
 
 Welsh, William, 917 
 
 Welt, D. K., 241 
 
 Wemp, Jan Barentsen, 1048 
 
 Wemple, A. Z., 1146 
 
 Wemple, E. L., 1146 
 
 Wenman, Byrd, 348 
 
 Wentworth,'Mrs. WiUiara H., 183 
 
 Wernd, Charles, 371 
 
 Werner, Julius P., S39 
 
 Wernert, Jos. 373 
 
 Werts, George T., 1146 
 
 Wescoat, Daniel, 834 
 
 Wesley, John, 432, 791 
 
 Wessel, J. Henry, 986, 987, 1146, 1164 
 
 West, Benjamin, 189, 730 
 
 West, C. K., 216 
 
 West. Paul, 504 
 
 Westaway, Albert E. L., 146 
 
 Westerman, W., guest, 147, 845 
 
 Westervelt, H. I., 312 
 
 Wildmaa 
 
 Weston, Alfred H., 760 Walters 
 
 West Point; program, 72; reception, 278, 279; ^^ 
 foreign tributes, 281; cadets in Military 
 parade, 351; picture of, in Militar)- parade, 
 689, 697 
 
 Weslurn, Olga, 502 
 
 Wetmore, Charles W., 27, 1 146, 1 161 
 
 Wetmore, Edmund, 27, 1 146; committees, 1155, 
 1 1 59, 1 1 60 
 
 Wetmore, Henry W., 1146, I156 
 
 Wetzel, H., 368 
 
 Whalen, Edward J., 504 
 
 Wharton, Mrs. Henr)', 183 
 
 Wheeler, Ethel, 501 
 
 Wheeler, Everett P., 183 
 
 Wheeler, Munroe, 1146 
 
 Wheeler, Benjamin Ide, 870 
 
 Wheeler, Thomas, 1146, 1154 
 
 Whitaker, J. G. N., 1146 
 
 Whitaker, .Miss M. E., 1065 
 
 Whitbeck, John V., Jr., 997 
 
 White, Andrew D., Vice-President of Hudson 
 Ter-centenary Joint committee, 18; charter 
 member of Hudson-Fulton Celebration Com- 
 mission, 25, 27; elected Vice-President, 38; 
 with SethLow in Delft, 343; mentioned in 
 Commission list, 1 146 
 
 White, George A., i6, 208, 354 
 
 White, Horace, 1 50 
 
 White, Mrs. Horace, 153 
 
 White, J.DuPratt,27,392,396, 1146, 1156, 1157 
 
 White, L. E., 208 
 
 White, R. D., 144 
 
 White, Robert A., 207 
 
 Whitehead & Hoag Co., 83 
 
 Whitehouse, Charles W., 501 
 
 Whitkop, Zita, 504 
 
 Whitman, Walt, 748 
 
 Whitmore, Clara, 778 
 
 Whitney, Fred C, 27, 1146, 1156 
 
 Whitney, William C, 770, 771 
 
 Whiton, C. G., 209 
 
 Whitridge, Frederick W., 859 
 
 Whittam, Samuel, 1091 
 
 Whynall, Ernest, 502 
 
 Wickersham, George W., 150, 858 
 
 Wickersham, Mrs. George \V., 153, 85Z 
 
 Wicks, Jane, 504 
 
 Widener, P. A. B., 180 
 
 Wider, W., 373 
 
 Wider, George W., 837 
 
 Wiemann, .Albert B., 367 
 
 Wierdsma, J. Rypperda, 147, 845 
 
 Wierdsma, J. V., 241 
 
 Wigand, C. F., 308 
 
 Wiggins, Howard C, 1146 
 
 Wightwick, Marguerite, 501 
 
 Wigsten, Ellen C, 503 
 
 Wikstrom, B. A., 284 
 
 Wilbrenninck, J. C, 241 
 
 Wildman, G. H., 921 
 
1420 
 
 Index 
 
 Wiley 
 
 to 
 Wood. 
 
 Wiley, W. C. S., 929, 986, 1 146, 1 164 
 
 Wilhelm, Carrie, 367 
 
 Wilhelm, Kaiser, tribute to West Point, 281; 
 receives gold medal from Commission, 11 20; 
 his reply, I121; decorates Gen. Woodford, 
 U22; bestows imperial honor on Mr. Ridder, 
 1122 
 
 Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands, 93, 338, 
 1009; a donor of the Half Moon, 240; toast 
 to, 1081; receives gold medal from Commis- 
 sion, 1 1 16; other mention, 356, 845, 846, 848, 
 1024, 1037, 1041 
 
 Wilkes, Robert W., 922 
 
 Wilkinson, Charles B., 1146 
 
 Wilkinson, Charles W., 427 
 
 Wilkinson, James, 437 
 
 Willcox, William R., 27, 873, 1146; committees, 
 1153, 1158, 1162 
 
 Willcox, Mrs. William R., 852, 873 
 
 Wille, John, 368 
 
 Willett, Marinus, exploit, fJoat, described, 299; 
 picture, 657 
 
 Williams, Mrs. Benjamin W., 778 
 
 Williams, Chauncey P., 289, 346, 366 
 
 Willi: 
 
 , Dion, 
 
 144. 347 
 
 Williams, Flossie, _ 
 
 Williams, rrank M., 150 
 
 Williams, Mrs. Frank M., 153 
 
 Williams, Harley A., 501 
 
 Williams, John, 391 
 
 Williams, Mrs. Justis, 386 
 
 Williams, Marie C, 504 
 
 M'illiaras, Otho Holland, 444 
 
 Williams, T. S., 724 
 
 Williams, Wilma, 501 
 
 Williamson, Charles, 1146 
 
 Wilhs, Clarence, 1146 
 
 Willis, Hovjard Bertram, 504 
 
 Willis, Nathaniel P., 748 
 
 Wilsey, Frank D., 413, 421, 841 
 
 Wilson, Charles R., 1146, 1154 
 
 Wilson, David, 348, 794, 797 
 
 Wilson, Edward C, 1146, 1157 
 
 Wilson, Francis M., 213 
 
 Wilson, Fred D., 501 
 
 Wilson, Frederick W., 938, 1 164 
 
 Wilson, George, 1146 
 
 Wilson, George T., 212, 859, 1146, 1152, 1 162 
 
 Wilson, Mrs. George T., 386 
 
 Wilson, Henry B., guest, 145, 228 
 
 Wilson, Horace, 20S 
 
 Wilion, Huntington, 150 
 
 Wilson, Mrs. Huntington, 153 
 
 Wilson, James Grant, history of New York, 
 7; incorporator, 27, 28; Vice-President, 38, 
 1136; presiding, 39; chairman of Official 
 Literary Exercises committee, 248; mentioned, 
 451; signs letters to heads of governments, 
 1115, 1119 et seq.; in Commission list, 1146; 
 1153, 1159, 1160, 1162 
 
 Wilson, James H., 10S4 
 
 Wimmer, Otto, 373 
 
 Winans, James F., 115 
 
 Wince, John G., 995 
 
 Windmuller, Louis, chairman of Queens citi- 
 zens committee, 41, 813, 816; in Commis- 
 sion Ust, 1 146; in committee list, Ii6i 
 
 Wing, L. H., 1146, 1 164 
 
 Wingate, George Albert, 289, 346, 365 
 
 Wingert, Evert J., 221 
 
 Winkelmann, Charles, 367 
 
 Winkler, Ernest, 366 
 
 Winslow, C. McR., 14;, 227 
 
 Winslow, John F., 1058 
 
 Winter, Henry Lyle, 906 
 
 Winter, William, 368 
 
 Winters, Mrs. Joseph E., 115 
 
 Winters, Mary Ray, 115 
 
 Winthrop, Egerton L., Jr., 1 146, 11 51 
 
 Wirth, John, 1146, 1157 
 
 Wise, John S., 1146, 1154 
 
 Wise, Stephen S., speaks in Brooklyn, 725, 
 749 
 
 Wisely, Mrs. E. D., 778 
 
 Wissler, Clark, 18... 
 
 Wissraann, F. de R., 841 
 
 Wiswell, Samuel, no 
 
 Witherbee, Miss, 154 
 
 Witherbee, Mrs. Frank S., 855 
 
 Witherbee, Walter C, 151 
 
 Witherbee, Mrs. Walter C, 154 
 
 Witherspoon, E. T., 145 
 Wittenberg, C. J., 206 
 Wittmann, Carl H., 839 
 Wittpenn, H. Otto, 1146, 11 59 
 Wixson, F. E., 1 1 46 
 Woeltjen, George, 370 
 Wohlmacker, May, 501 
 Wolcott, Laura, 501 
 Wolf, Clara, 367 
 Wolff, Chief, 9iS 
 
 Wolflram, Charles B., 27, 1146, 1 154 
 Women heroes, 456 
 Wood, Edson L., 502 
 Wood, Edward L, 1146 
 Wood, Joseph Roy, 503 
 Wood, Joseph S., 1 146, 1157, 1164 
 Wood, Leonard, 127, 137; guest, 150; gives 
 reception, 278; facilitates work of Aero- 
 nautics committee, 489; represented at Hol- 
 land Society banquet, 8.j;; present at Von 
 Koester dinner, 873; in Albany ceremonies, 
 1023, 1032, 1043; at Troy, 1069; mentioned in 
 Commission and committee lists, 1146, 1149, 
 Ii6o 
 Wood, Mrs. Leonard, 852, 873 
 Wood, L. K., 311 
 Wood, Raymond, 502 
 Wood, S. S., 145, 228, 795 
 Wood, William, 905 
 
Index 
 
 1421 
 
 Woodford, Stewart L., signs letter to J. W. 
 Wadsworth, Jr., i ; President of Ter-centen- 
 ary committee, 18; letter to Mayor McClellan, 
 21; calls on Gov. Higgins, 24; President of 
 Commission, 38, 11 36; foreign mission, 39, 
 I112; speaks at launching of Clermont, 112; 
 welcomes Half Moon, 233, 242; welcomes 
 Clermont, 242; accepts Japanese cherry trees, 
 243; presents Mayor at official reception, 249; 
 speaks at same, 254; presents Gov. Hughes 
 at Official banquet, 317, 318; speaks at New- 
 burgh, 355, 356; speaks at Verrazzano 
 monument dedication, 484; portrait, 515; 
 speaks at Holland Society banquet, 847; 
 speaks at German banquet, 867; gives dinner 
 in honor of Admiral von Koester, 872; speaks 
 at Albany, 1035; speaks at Troy, 1074; 
 speaks at Cohoes, 1091; signs letter concern- 
 ing Inwood Hill, 1102; presents medals to 
 governments, 1112-1135; signs letters accom- 
 panying them, 1 1 15, 1 1 18, 1 1 19 et seq.; 
 decorated by Kaiser Wilhelm, 1122; picture 
 of decoration, 1 361 ; other mention, 25, 27, 39, 
 114, 128, 141, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 
 162, 163, 166, 167, i68, 169, 170, 171, 172, 
 ^55. ^S 357. 39^. 403. 417, 4^7, 477, 7ii. 
 725, 844, 845, 848, 858, 859, 921, 938, I019, 
 1032, 1038, 1069, 1091, 1100, 1146; commit- 
 tees i'S3, 1156=, 1159, 1160, 1162, 1164 
 
 Woodford, Mrs. Stewart L.,721; dinner to visit- 
 ing ladies, 851; guest at Troy, 1071 
 
 Woodin, Hazel, 503 
 
 Woodruff, Timothy L., 27, 724, 1146, 1162 
 
 Woods, Floyd, 501-502 
 
 Woodward, James C, 349 
 
 Woodward, Robert B., 1 146 
 
 Woodward, V. V., 207 
 
 Woolley,W. E., 27, 1146,1161 
 
 Woomer, Frank P., 349 
 
 Wooster, Charles, 502 
 
 Worcester, Mrs. Frances, 386 
 
 Worcester, F. J., 386 
 
 World's Fair project discussed and rejected, 
 58; past fairs, 175 
 
 Worms, William F., 221 
 
 Wortman, William, assistant to secretary for 
 Upper Hudson affairs, 43, 926, 927; on Hud- 
 son City committee, 997, in lists, 1146, 1163 
 
 Wouwerman, Philip, paintings, 179 
 
 Woytisek, Vincent W., 1146 
 
 Wright Brothers, 262, 514 
 
 Wright, G. B., 207 
 
 Wright, James A., 27, 1146, n6i 
 
 Wright, Wilbur, 62; engaged for air flights, 
 488; flights described, 490. Illustrations: 
 Soldiers drawing his machine, 1243; details 
 of biplane, 1245; leaving the ground in his 
 machine, 1247; in flight around Statue of 
 Liberty, 1249; about to fly, 1251 
 
 Wright, William L., 923 
 
 Wuelffing, Louise, 370 
 
 Wuste, J. R., 241 
 
 Wyborgh, A. A. S. de L., 241 
 
 Wyborgh, J. H. L. J. S. de L., 239, 1147 
 
 Wyckoff, Alice, 503 
 
 Wyckoff, William J., 816; address, 818 
 
 Wykes, Hunter, 859 
 
 Wyllys, John, 503 
 
 Wyman, Walter, 150 
 
 Ximencs, Ettore, 476, 477, 478, 481 
 
 Yambold, Hector, 789 
 
 Yarrel, Brother, 789 
 
 Yeisley, George C, 997, 998, 1003 
 
 Yonker, Bliss, 503 
 
 Yonkers ceremonies, 890, 909. Pictures: Manor 
 Hall decorated, 1267; living flag, 1269; spec- 
 tators in Getty Square, 1271 ; head of proces- 
 sion coming through arch, 1273; Manor Hall 
 float coming through arch, 1275; Governor 
 Hughes, Mayor Warren and others reviewing 
 parade, 1277; illumination of Getty Square, 
 1279 
 
 Young, Carrie, 368 
 
 Young, F. L., 1 106 
 
 Young, Frank Walls, 504 
 
 Young, Frederick M., 1146, 1154 
 
 Young, John, 911 
 
 Young, Richard, 724, 1146, 1151' 
 
 Young, S. B., 906 
 
 YoussoufZia Pasha, guest, 143; note of thanks, 
 171; speaks at OfHcial reception, 276; at 
 Brooklyn reception, 722; at naval fete, 855 
 
 Zachirias, L. B., 220 
 
 Zahn, Ed., 368 
 
 Zeckwer, Marie, 835, 836 
 
 Zeeman, P., 241 
 
 Zeiss, Edw., 370 
 
 Zeller, Barbara, 370 
 
 Zeller, Edmund, 364, 366 
 
 Zeller, Heinrich, 370 
 
 Zenatello, G., 477 
 
 Zenger, John Peter, trial of, float, description, 
 
 298; picture, 653 
 Zenhashi, Sid Laarbi Ben, 135, 143 
 Zielenbach, William, 218 
 ZiUesen, W., 241 
 Zimmer, Minnie, 371 
 Zimmerman, A. R., 239, 1147 
 Zinsser, August, 1146 
 Zinsser, F. G., 1146, 1157 
 Zucca, A., 477 
 Zyarlowski, Peter, 915] 
 
 Wood- 
 ford to 
 Zyar- 
 lowski 
 
PLAN OF Structure of Stebn.