A2S F 1504 .P28 Copy 1 HONDURAS. THE REPLY —OF— Colonel JOSE M. AGUIRRE TO SOME UNJUST STRICTURES PUBLISHED AGAINST THAT REPUBLIC BY THE NEW YORK TIMESr é- ("> IN THE ENGLISH AND SPANISH LANGUAGES. Breathes there a man tvith soul so dead Who never to himself hath said — This is tny 0T.ün, my native land ? Scott. 1884. Geo. F .ItsLEY, Steam Pkintee, <^ 15 FraTikfort St., N. Y. IN EXCHANGi 05 ^^y^^^C^^^^-^L^^' /^^^^^^-^^y^^-^ü^^^ .^-^ Z^^ ^. THE REPLY Colonel JOSE M. AGUIRRE TO SOME UNJUST STRICTURES PUBLISHED AGAINST THE REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS BY THE '^JVew Torh Times.'' By a mere accident No. 10,274 of ''The New York Times''' has fallen into my hands, many days after its date. It con- tains an article entitled " A Race of Lazy People," which pretends to describe the people of Trujillo in the Republic of Honduras, and, indeed, of the same Republic in general. Whoever knows that country may easily doubt that the writer has ever been in Trujillo, and may even suppose that, stimulated by the perusal of literary productions of the Jules Verne school, he has only wished to delight the readers of '' The New York Times'^ with an eñbrt at an original novel, the scene of which might be placed with perfect indifference in any country named in the geographical dictionary. If it should happen that this hypothesis is not beyond prob- ability, the right would surely remain to me of protesting against so inopportune a selection, having thus the pain of being unable to prophecy a very happy entrance to the lit- erary vocation of so sterile and illiterate an author, who, at the very first sight, shows that he has not come into the world to cause admiration in the land of Fennimore Cooper and Edgar Poe, by the height of his genius, nor by the clearness and elegance of his style. Therefore, animated by a sentiment of justice and a no less natural one of true patriotism, I am about to make a íqw cor- rections which are important equally in the interest of truth, for the credit of my native land, the Republic of Honduras, and to tiie good name of the respectable newspaper which published the article to which I allude. I hope, then, " The liew Yor^v Times" will grant a place in its enlightened columns to this letter, since in them ap- peared the article which caused it, and since, in virtue uf courtesy and justice, such satisfaction is due to a people con- demned with so much falsehood and injustice. Confiding thus in the impartiality and benevolence which are characteristic of so important a journal, I proceed im- med ately to enter on my topic. The article commences its notable work by calling Trujillo the metropolis of Honduras, declaring it to be the largest city and the most important port of the Republic, and stat- ing that the principal part of the mercantile operations of the country is carried on there. In the second place, he says that this metropolis reckons hardly four thousand inhabitants, accordmg to their own general statement, and even this is doubtful to him ; and he is of opinion that the operation of counting the population would be a very easy one, as the people are always to be found in their houses, the women in the interior, the men seated at the doors, and the children romping in the street under the shade of the cocoa trees. According to him the commerce of the place is all in the hands of a few Americans and Scotch, and the agriculture is reduced to some mean farms of plantain, on the iruit of which the whole population lives, and a few small plantations of pineapples and orange trees. Moreover, he says that the houses of the city consist of a few holes and narrow caves, full of dirt and fleas, and that it is a veritable diflBculty for the traveler to find lodging ; and after this he meets everywhere another greater and graver difficulty, which is to discover something fit to eat, and he is exposed to all the hardships of hunger. Describing the plaza, which he locates in what he calls the new and more habitable part of the city, he tells us that the buildings which surround it belong to the naturalized Spaniards of the place. Alluding to public instruction, he announces that it is in a state of negligence and abandonment, and that although the American residents have established a few schools, these are in a sad situation, for want of patronage, and of concur- rence on the part of the pupils. He calculates that there is a military garrison, composed of twenty soldiers and a greater number of ofiicers ; that the first are dull, indolent and clumsy ; that when drill is en- forced on them every day they waste an hour in handlinu: the gun, or in executing any simple movement, after wliich they sleep on foot ; that then- sole or principal occupation is that of guarding criminals condemned to prison ; that, in time of peace, they do not sleep in the fort, but retire to pass the night under the trees on the margin of the sea ; that they wear, according to caprice, different and motley uni- forms ; that wlien he landed in Trujillo a soldier presented himself, who rendered up liis arms, and was dressedMn red artillery trousers, infantry boots and a cavalry hat. A previous statement made by him was that the first seen of the city, when viewed from the sea, is a great wall or ram- part with which Hernán Cortez surrounded it. Again, we are told that the prisoners are not supported by the State, but are led, after working hours, from door to door of the neighboring houses, to beg sustenance in the name of charity. He further relates that the famous adventurer, William Walker, went to Trujillo for the purpose of establishing slavery in the country, but was arrested and shot. This being the only extraordinary event that has taken place in the country since it became independent of Spain, all the in- habitants are extremely anxious to give the details to every stranger who arrives. Speaking of a certain class of the population, known by the name of "Caribe," he says, among other things, that the men are in the habit of daily beating their wives without taking the trouble to explain the motive of their action. In order to make love in Trujillo one has only, he says, to select a young girl fourteen years old, give her a present, and that will be sufficient to make her resolve to live with him who desires her, reserving the right of leaving him immedi- ately for any other lover who may be a finer man or more liberal in his gifts. He tells us that when the ship in which he was, dropped her anchor in the harbor of Trujillo the Captain hastened to indicate by signs that he had commercial goods on board ; but the merchants did not move from their seats, outside their stores, where they were amusing themselves smoking a large pipe which represented Washington crossing the Dela- ware, nor did they return the least thanks for the disem- barkment of their respective caroges. notwithstanding that his is the only occasion on which these marmots give sign- of not 'having lost the faculty of motion. Meanwhile the Captain before mentioned wearied himself calling from tiie beach for the people to come in long boats to examine the cargo, to which effect he was screaming Irantically in En- glish, Italian and Spanish. He goes on to say that the freight clerk of the vessel pre- pared to go on shore, as it appears before (receiving any visit, and that he took him in his boat. There was at the season a high tide, through which the cargo could not be carried that day, and they themselves were drawn to the shore through an immense wave, without breathing and with 6 the rapidity of an arrow. There they met two Americans, who had the bad fortune to live in the country, and wlio gave them much information, including thatwhicli referred to the shooting of Walker. Then, in the first place, they had to visit the Custom House, which is situated in the new part of the city about a mile from the sea, all the offices of which they found closed, although it was hardly mid-day. It was necessary to immediately find the principal officials, which, happily, was not difficult, as they were close by in a public gin house with a bottle beside them, from which they took repeated draughts, continuing yet a long time this pleasant occupation, entertaining their visitors, and showing great pleasure at the sight of a bag of money, which the freight clerk had brought them. He finally concludes the subject by saying, that those blessed administrators of public wealth had diverted them- selves by gambling the money they had received by the last ship. Here, he makes, in passing, but with all seriousness, a few observations of the economical character on the fiscal branch of liquors in Honduras, declaring that in Trujillo gin is used almost exclusively, notwithstanding that its intro- duction is prohibited, and that the government of the Re- public refuses to consent to the sale of any liquors except those which come from their own distilleries. Here he ends, endeavoring to enlarge his ideas on the sub- ject of the commerce, by saying that in those establishments, reigns the greatest quiet. They are carried on by an enorm- ous number of employees, who earn twenty-five dollars a week by a life of idleness, reading light novelettes, and sleep- ing away the hotest part of the day. These, after two or three years, return to their old homes somewhat rich in mo- ney but millionaires in fever. Such are the chief ufflrniations of the writer, so painstak- ing in pointing out the faults of Trujillo imd the extraordin- ary poverty of its inhabitants. And as an act of piety, and in order to throw a little light amidst tiie shadows, in which he has drawn his picture, he adds that the harboi is large, fine, and well defended, and that the resident strangers au- gur well for the future. He has also the grace to admit, that we have horses which, although small, are strong and swift; and even he bursts into poetic prose when describing how the trees in the ibrests wave wlien stirred by the breeze. Port, horses, trees and breeze! Behold, here, all for which the ruffled soul of our curious writer gives thanks ! Yet, hold ! he has another stroke of good humor. He says the sleepy and indolent people of Trujillo, moved by the idea of establishing water works in the city, are beginning to shake oft" their profound lethargy. But again he very soon robs us of our illusion by prophesying that these works will remain mere projects, since, however easy and of little cost it might be to complete them, they will strike on a rock in thedifficulty of obtaining workmen, notwithstanding that the government destines for the work all the criminals in the country. It appears incredible that an American traveler, one of a people so sensible, so wise iind just in their estimates; it ap- pears truly incredible that he should give vent to such a heap of intemperate extravagance, through the medium of the press, and in a journal so important, and so much read as "The N. Y. Times,'' without so guarding his statements, that no one would be able to prove the absurdity and false- hood of his affirmations. It is, moreover, hardly generous, to say nothing harsher, to discharge the weight of intemperate eloquence against a young, modest and distant people, who possess in themselves so many natural advantages; whose pleasure it is to wel- come strangers in equal measure with their own children, and who excel so highly in the practice of many eminent vir- tues, amongst which shines, as in few places on our planet the holy virtue of hospitality. But nothing in favor of Trujillo or Honduras, that might give an appearance of truth to his judgments, or even keep him from tailing in his role of good observer, occuiTed to this famous traveler. Nothing occurred to him that he might say of the eternal spring which our land boasts, of our navigable rivers, our enchanting lakes, our rich mines of stone and precious me- tals, prairies ever green, gigantic forests and ysn-ionsfaujia. Nothing of the wonderful fruitfulness of our virgin soil, which produces, almost spontaneously, the most highly val- ued fruits of all zones. Nothing ot our natural honesty and geniahty, our beauti- ful sky, our clear nights, our perfumed breezes, the benig- nity of our interior climate, where the suflbcating heat of the northern summer, and the intense cold of the northern winter are alike unknown. Nothing occurred to him concerning our advanced and literal institutions, in whicli the most absolute liberty of thought and conscience is found, the separation of church and state, universal suffrage, municipal autonomy, the Ba- beas Corpus act, the almost complete abolition of capital punishment, gratuitous justice, civil marriage, the fullest rights and guarantees for strangers and otlier advantages, no less precious, which place our small Republic in the list of civilized nations, making it worthy, and vei-y worthy, of the esteem and respect of all peoples. Nothing of the liberality with which the government gives reception and protection to all industrial enterprises and scientific undertakings, and the especial favor and sympa- thy wiiich American projectors find amongst the people, Nothing of our railroad, telegraphs, high roads now in construction, charity hospitals, colleges and universities. Nothing of our legislation, our court of justice, our press and our postal system. Nothing of the national and effective equality of all men, without distinction of birth or race, or of the singular and famous fact enviable certainly by the North Americans, of our having commenced our life as an independent and sov- ereign nation, by suppressing on our soil de facto and with- out violence tháMnfamous system of slavery. Nothing in relation to our beautiful, honest and spirituelle women, so frank and loving, so tender and resigned; faith- ful keepers of their husband's honor, veritable household ano-els, fit and fervent priestesses in the sacred worship of the family. Nothing of the frankness, valor and courtesy wliich are, as gold, indigenous to our land ; of the generous temper, honor, friendliness and loyalty of the natives ; of that truly notable fact, without example in other places, the complete security with which one may travel through the entire coun- try, carrying valuables in metal, yet untroubled by fear of beggars or marauders. Nothing, in short, of the very many other points, more or less worthy of remark, which would call the attention of any other traveler not quite so much the observer, as is proven by the more gifted and more judicious pages which other Americans have written about our country. And, indeed, to say now that he only intended to speak in reference to a particular locality will not serve to justify our scribbling traveler, because he neither knew how to under- stand that locality nor was just in his estimates of it, nor con- fined himself to it alone, every time that he made statements of clear and unmistakable meaning, as is easily seen by that in which he declares Trujillo to be the metropolis of Hon- duras. What would really serve him for apology would be to shel- ter himself under the immutable law of nature, by virtue of which pears do not grow on elm trees ; but in this case he was very well able not to have put his head into a shirt of eleven yards. May it not be that our illustrious traveler met in Trujillo , with an occasional contradiction, or had a complete and rude disenchantment, caused by the too flattering hopes which he founded, perhaps, on an insensate pretension ? Did lie think, by chance, to see, on his ai'rival in tliat coun- try, our modest cities paved witii grains of gold, and the trees in the forests Ijemling to tlie earth under the weiglit of stealis and stuifed turkeys ? It costs me work, and very idle and useless work, to try- to viecij3her this riddle, containing prolDuhly a hidden moral, of whicli no one has reason to be proud. But, be that as it may, I am going to undertake liere a simple, thougli trutiilul, refutation, invoking the authorized testimony of all the judicious and accurate Americans who have visited the Repuljlic of Honduras. It would be uselessly prolix and diííuse to refer in detail, or with precise method, to each and every one of the pieces of informution contained in the production of this article- writing traveler ; iufoi-ination wild ami, for the most part, without importance, acquired, it may be, when lie was mas- tered by sea sickness, iind written under the influence of some situation or intlispo>ition very similar, although of fac- titious character. Unhappy the liistory written under such conditions, and eqiudly unfoi-tunate would be "The New York Times," un- less pos!?essed of l)etter reporters. I now enter fully on the ground of my corrections, conñn- ing myself particularly to what touches the more important considerations. I should say in the first place that Trujillo, from whatever point of view you may consider it, is not, and does not pre- tend to be, the metropolis of Honduras. It is neither the largest, nor the richest, nor the most commercial, nor the most civilized city, nor the most consid- erable maritime pcji-t, nor the place in which the Republic verifies its principal importations and exportations. As a seaport, on account of its natural qualifications, its proximity to the greatest producing and consuming centres, its greater movement, its lacility for transport, Amapala, on the secure and jDicturesque gulf of Fonseca, is, without doubt, the first and greatest port of the Republic. As a populous city, as a commercial centre, as an indus- trial seat, as a home oí accumulated wealth, as a place of recreation and material beauty, as a leader in culture and refinement, the palm must be, by general consent, granted to Tegucigalpa, the capital of the Republic, ami bearing in respect to Ti-ujillo the same proportion that the city of New York does to Long Island City or Hoboken. And we have also at least a dozen cities (in the first i-ank of whicli figure i'uticalpa, Comayagua, Santa Rosa, Y'ucíirán, Danii, San ^^edro, and others) which in many ways take the lead of it. The population of Trujillo is, numerically, what the wri- ter of the article states, and it is a pity, since he thought 10 the matter so easy, that he did not count the inhabitants and so completely dispel all his doubts. The announcement that the inhabitants are always to (be found in the houses, the women inside, the children playing under the cocoanut trees, the men ijenerally at the doors, and the merchants smokiuo; a pipe representing Washington crossing the Delaware, is an absurdity on the lace oí it. One cannot conceive the immovable existence of such men, par- ticularly in our days of calamity and decline, when faith is no longer a very digestil)le substance, and is not converted into chyle for the nourishment of our vitiated blood, when manna and cold quails do not fall on the open fields, and when God, tired of the oflBce of king's builer, refuses to aid, with anything, those who do not aid themselves by their own activity. Is there, by chance, a rhetorical figure in this ? Let it pass, then, lor hyperbole or metaphor. But there is no figure which suffices to explain the improbable tale of having seen the merchants smoking.pne.common pipe or pipes singularly similar, which of the fíwb i^s not clearly specified by our novelistic traveler ; and still less can his ac- count be admissible in the part that relates to the children, as there is not a single cocoanut tree under the shade of which they can indulge in their infantile gambols. Nor is it true that the commerce of Trujillo is in the hands of Ameri- cans and Scotch, assuredly this is not so, for there is not a single Scotchman engaged in trade, on either a large or a small scale ; or, if there be. he must be almost un- known, as there are not any amongst the clerks of the re- spectable house of Binney, Mélhado & Co., whose principal is a native of Jamaica, who is little less than a Hondureno, mar- ried many years in the counti-y, where he has made his position and his fortune, and lived two-thirds of his life. I may say, at the same time, that there does not exist more than one American house, and even this is of the sec- ond class, although sufficiently accredited, belonging t<» an honest citizen of the great Republic named Mr. Geks. The greater part of the chief commerciyl houses belong to Hondurenos, who have never had relations in Scotland or the United States, such as Messrs. José Julia and associates, and Mr. Prospero Castillo. And after these, and those men- tioned aljteady, Messrs. Binney, Mélhado & Co. are found occupying a very considerable and well regarded place, gen tlemen who are natives of Frajice, Italy and the Great Antilles. As for the writer's assertion, that the inhabitants of Tru- jillo live wholly on plantains, aside from the fact that this fruit affords a most agreeable saccharine food, nutritive and healthy, very superior to potatoes and sweet potatoes, as is proved by chemical analysis, and the opinion of learned na- turalists, and that the superabundance with which they are 11 produced, and the ease with whicii they are cultivated, speak very advantaseously for the Central-American country; aside from this, I say, it is necessary to recognize in how much of the truth the writer is wanting, as the people of Trujillo habitually live on wlieaten bread, the flour of wliich they im- port from the neighboring market of jSTew Orleans. The poor classes frequently alternate this food with the plantain, of the kind they call "macho," and which they know how to dress in different fashions. They also mix it with a special paste, called "íorí¿7¿a," which they make of maize, steeping it tirst in potash or chloride of lime, which serves at the same tune to cleanse and separate the pellicles, and to make the delicate part of the grain more plastic. And, above all, they use another bread, named " casabe," equaUy iiealthy and nutritious, made from the much prizetl starch of a tuberous root of indigenous growth, highly cultivated oil our coasts, and vulgarly known by the name of "^áí^lHiíJi^^edte; " the most esteemed product of a plant of tree like form, which belongs to the " araceas " family, and from wliich is extracted an albuminous substance very similar to what is called in the market, sago. It is certain that we have not in Trujillo, as in the United States, magnificent hotels, capable of affording luxurious lodging to strangers accustomed to the life of the great world; but neither is the statement ot the article writer true, for we possess one which is not to be despised for its ap- pointments, the proprietor of which is an industrious and ! honorable Frenchman, named Mr. Lacasagne, who proviiies excellent entertainment tor his guests at moderate cliarges, and a table sufficiently well furnished for the exigencies oí the place. There are also several other houses, capable of affording accomvpodation to the greater part of the travelers who or- dinarily arriv(^; and certainly the open and generous hospi- tality, with which every guest is received and attended in private dwellings, is very remarkable. With respect to public instruction, Trujillo is, unhappily, one of the Hondureñan cities, where this point is more neg- lected, and badly looked after; but, on this account, it can not be said that they want completely the means of educa- tion, as there are for both sexes, schools supported by the government, obligatory and gratuitious, both in the center, and on the outskirts of the city. And, to finally put his statements on the subject of education on a par with the rest of his affirmations, it may be added, that there is not, and never has been a single school founded or sustained by the Americans. What he says of the military garrison is absolutely false. It is neither composed of twenty soldiers, not are the officers 12 a fourth of the stated proportion. Their principal occupa- tion is not what he sa3^s,nor do they wear the motley uniform he describes. The men never sleep away from quarters, nor do they render arms to any one but the President of the Re- public. In fact they are never found under the strange cir- cumstances, in which he places them for the purpose of ridicule. The garrison spoken of is composed of fifty soldiers, with the suitable commanders, sergeants and five or six other officers, including in this number the ca])tain of the company and the Major of tlie fort. These ordinarily dress plainly and without the strict uniform prescribed by law, as is the case with the greater part of our army, except on days of ceremony, which are those celebrating festivals of a national character. There is not, at least, a single individual of the soldier class, who wears boots, or handsome red trousers, or any hat but that which he commonly wears when out of the service, with simply the assistance of a ribbon or cock- ade in which he shows the colors of his regiment. I pass over the accident of an extraordinary charge or the case of a small guard which does duty on the wharf All the sol- diers invariably sleep ill the fort, which they are not per- mitted to leave, in time of peace, after nine o'clock at niglit, and it does not occur, and has- never occurred, even by exception, that the soldiers pass the night under the trees on the margin of the sea. Their constant occupation is to guard the fortress, to keep the armament and other iin])le- ments of war ni good condition, to exercise themselves in the management of arms, take care of those (5OTW'e«*k(?d lor grave offenses, give security to the fiscal interests, and beat the disposal of the constituted authorities for the prevention of smuggling and the preservation of public order. All this J know, and I know it indisputably better tlian the notable writer of "The New York Times,'' l)ecause I am a Hondureno, bec:iuse I am a Colonel in the army of that Republic, because I have had military command on the oast, because I live in Trujillo, of which city and district I am ac tually Mayor, the witness of its h(morable municipal corpoi-a- tion, and because, a short while since, I was Governor of the Department of Colon, of which the city in question is the capital. Finally, the military garrison of Trujillo, like all the others of the Republic, goes in its turn to the reserve of our army, which is composed of some fifty thousand men of all brandies, and is distinguished for qualities entirely contrary to those, which our writer attributes to it. Many strangers, observers, and learned men, have shown themselves admirers of the condition and virtues of our sol- diers, especially when they iiave seen them on the field, and 13 llave had opportunity of contemplating their intelligence and courage in martial employment. The illustrious General Raol, who was for a long time in the Central American service, in the memorable epoch of our Federation, and who, later, commanding under the last of the Buonapartists, arrived at one of thehighest dignities of the French army, published in Paris an interesting memo- rial, the opinions of which he emphatically repeated tn a pro- clamation, addressed to the troops under his comm.and. In both the documents he asserted that he had never known soldiers readier, more long suffering, more indefatigable, and more courageous than those of Central America" and from amongst tliose he selected the Hondurenos for the dis- tinction of a place in the vanguard. And moi-e, I say, although it is not to be imagined that it is my intention to deny or discount in the least the high merit of those soldiers who served the New World in its hours of need, I say, availing myself of the unimpeachable testimony of history, that the American soldiers were, more than once, on the point of al)andoning their glorious Father, Washington, in the war of Independence, on account of want of punctuality in the payment of their wages. But the sol- diers oí Honduras, who havp often lacked everything, even the meanest ration of ^^S^iíS^éljí bread, during long years of disastrous war have never raised in their ranks even one voice to complain of the want of their salary ; and I have seen them, hungry and naked, march with enthusiasm to battle and to death. — ^hmp93!t^^ put your hands upon your hearts and com- pare. But let us leave this ground and go forward. There tloes not exist, nor has existed, outside the imagin- ation of the fantastic traveler, that wall or fortification with wliich he tells us Hernán Cortez surrounded the city of Tru- jillo ; and the only wall there is, and which is visible frtmi the sea, is that of the small fort, or water battery, which does not occupy, and never occupied, a greater extent than two hundred meters. Nor can any part of the city be called new, although he so styles the oldest and central part where the largest build- ings and the chief commercial establishments are found, as many ancient and well preserved ruins testify. And i would have the writer of the article know that I do not deny tlie fact affirmed by him, that Trujillo has not ad- vanced greatly for many years. I do not deny it, except to say tliat it has decayed very much from the importance which it had in the beginning of the century. The same happened, genei-ally, to' the rest of the ports on the Atlautic coast, not only of Hondxiras but of all Central u America, since the Panama railroad and the Pacific lines of steamerí^ carried there the staple commodities of commerce, it beino; only within a few years that the aforesaid Athnitic coast has commenced, through its frequent relations with Cuba and the United States, to regain to some extent its old advantageous commercial position. It is not true that the square of Trujillo, where the cus- tom house is actually situated, remains a mile distant Irom the sea, since its longer, regular way, called by the writer " street of commerce," is less than filty meters long, whicli does not make the third of a mile. Touching what the same writer says of the square just mentioned, that on it are all the buildings in which the res- ident Spaniards live, I bear witness that it is not alone un- true, but that there is not there one house in which even the fraction of a Spaniard dwells. What, no doubt, caused the mistake of our traveler was that he has seen the banner of the Spanish Consul tiyingfrom a roof on this square ; but it does not follow that the Consul is a subject of the nation he serves. This gentleman is a Hondureno by country and birth, who discharges his duties honorably. This refutation has no importance in itself, and I have only wished to give it in order to show to what lengths the talent for talking nonsense may go. There is, in Trujillo, a certain class of the population to which I have, in passing, alluded. Those who com- prise it live in tlie suburbs, entirely separated from the rest of the city, and came to our coasts about a century ago from the island of St. Yincent, in the West Indian sea. They preserve many of tlieir ancient customs, and with little varia- tion the same language, which they brought from their orig- inal African soil. This family, for it can be considered as nothing else, is composed oí pure blooded negroes, who give themselves the name "Morenos," showing no pleasure in that of "Cari- bes," by which they are generally known. It is disseminated into small groups or villages all along the coast of the great gulf of Honduras, comprised between Belize and the Black River, Avhich measures an extent oi/five hundred miles. ¡a*,^^^ All are fishermen, most skilful in navigating, in which art they are exercised Irom earliest childhood, indeed almost from the time they can walk. They have generally a barometrical precision in proph- ecying good and bad weather to so sure a point that the most expert seamen who have come to kh'ow them do not disdain to consult their opinion in regard to this, always respecting the authority of their prognostications. 15 They are very sober and firmly abstain from the use of al' cohulic dnnks. It is uncommou to see an intoxicated ''Ca- ribe." 1 can positively assert that there is not in their number a confirmed inebriate. They have a clear intelligence, and their language, which sounds like a carriage running along, approaches verbosity. They are fond of conversation, and when united talk all at the same time, forming an extraordinary combination of sounds. I have been often reminded of them when, through curiosity, I have visited a mercantile exchange in New York. There is a genuine union between them. They mutually aid in their labors, especially in tlie construction of houses, and have at the same time so great a reserve towards all who are not of their race that it is very ditficult to get them to tell what they know of the commission of a fault or crime which might compromise one of themselves. Happily they are honest and humble, respectful of author- ity, and it is only from time to time that a criminal appears amongst the -'Caribes." When I say this I do not refer to smuggling offences, be- cause they have an innate propensity for committing them. Their designs are materially aided by the reserve and union which distinguish them, and by their skilful manoeuvres on the sea. It maybe said that every *' Caribe" is a smug- gler. At the same time they are laborious, prudent and clean. Amongst them there is never a scarceness of provisions, and they subsist principally on yttpaS bread and ñsh. They are healthy and robust, increase wonderfully, and generally reach an advanced age. They take care to preserve their race without mixture, and do not unite with the other people of the country, whose mere social a(;quaintauce they shun as much as possible, and even show refractory tendencies towards progress. The women are timid, and fearful of ill. They decline even to listen to the matrimonial pretensions of any man not pos- sessed of an ebony skin. They wear a special dress which per- fectly defines their figures, generally well developed and vo- luptuous. Although they are not ordinarily pretty, neither is their type repugnant to the eye, it being not altogether rare to find amongst them some who might serve the artist as models of beauty. It is moreover frequently to be observed that the women are greater workers than the men, in the weight of whose labors they voluntarily bear an equal share. The men, in turn, have not the same consideration for them, since, even in the- present time, no one has thought himself obliged to assume half the dangers and sorrows of raising children. 16 Several years ago, this race, of which I could give much and very curious information, if I were not afraid of dilating to much, practised polygamy and professed the fanatical doctrine of a divinity of evil, wliich was known by the name of Blafia, without having any representation or symbolical ¡mage. The more intelligent and communicative of these people, explaining on several occasions, the fundamental belief of their doctrine, said that they recognized the co-existence of two supreme divinities, one of good and the other of evil. That the good one was by intrinsic and inevitable necessity, without power to be otherwise, even without liberty to de- sire to be so, and that he neither wanted nor asked the smallest tribute of offerings or prayers. The other was ex- actly wdiat his name indicated, and had all the contrary qualities. They concluded with more or less justice, that the great Genius or God of good, was wise, powerful, nnmovable and disinterested, and above all compassionate, munificent and without vanity. That he neither did nor could do anything, but that which he himself had ordered for all time, knowing that it was good in accordance with his nature and eternal wish. That he was in no way pleased with homage or pray- ers, as they were occasioned by a supposition of his being weak, impressionable and changeable; nor did he admit that his works could be arranged in any way that was not the emanation of his divine essence. But the Genius or God of evil, enemy of harmony, proud, turbulent, revengeful and cruel, was pleased in producing disorder, and in contemplat- ing it. He was only appeased, and restrained, now and then, from discharging the rays of his fury, which alone gave repose to the impulses of his frantic vain and perserve na- ture, when he was compensated by holocausts prayers, humi- liation and tears. This doctrine which was practiced regularly in mystery, and with which they used to mix repugnant and unenlight- ened acts, immoralities, and even bloody sacrifices, has been at last suppressed, as has also been polygamy with its train of iniquities against woman, thanks to the irresistible infiu- ence of other ideas, no less than to the energetic action of the authorities, and the patient and salutary work of some evangelical missionaries. 1 know very well that the above facts have no connection with the object of this letter, or if they have it is so indirect and distant that I should not liave felt myself obliged to de- tail them; but I am equally aware that through the intro- duction of such material, a greater interest may be afforded to some of my indulgent readers, than a sterile polemic on 17 the contents of an unsubstantial and worthless scribble could possibly oflcr. With this apology [ continue the task which I have un- dertaken. It is not unlikely that the writer in the "K Y. Times " may have seen or had intelligence of a wiiippiiig inflicted l)y a " Moreno " on the person of his wife. But this would not serve to give a typical idea of the customs of tiiat people. Since they have become more civiUzed, notwithstanding their refractory temlcncies, tiieir proper spirit has revivetl in re- spect to the consideration due to woman; and, indeed, ihey never had sujh cowardly and despicable habits. As for the prisoners, leaving work to beg alms for their necessary support, — tliat statement is in all points false, and an unfounded invention extremely injurious to the coun- try I defend. I am sure that such a thing never occurred, not even by accident or special exception,^ for the State at- tends always and absolutely to the sustenance of all th.ose, who have neither the wish nor the power to provide for themselves. jSTor has he any excuse, such as the anxious desire of pro- ducing an original and excentric novel might give, for the statement he makes as to the customary method of making love to girls in Trujillo. It is a fact that civilization has not yet reached in Honduras, the point of making women convert their favors into an article of commerce. Nobody has dreamt of saying until now, that women in Honduras were interested, light and capable of beingchanged with so much facility into miserable instruuaents of impure animal pleasure. Nobody has imagined that the women of any Central- American region could be so obscenely calnminated, and, less than any, the honorable suoeralatlvely modest women of Honduras!, who preserve in the highest degree, the type of the patriarchial ages, the innocent candor of primitive symplicity. ^ No, sir, in spite of the great heat of our tropical sky, not- withstanding that the rays of the sun kiss us with such in- tense love, making the red magnetic fluid circulating in our arteries and veins ferment ; notwithstauding that there na- ture displays a luxury so prodigal of opposite energies, and Hiat witli its deliriums of transformation, its drowsy breezes, its soothing perfumes, its concupiscent activity, and its thou- sand and thousand forces working in the sap of all organiza- tions — it invites one to drift calmly through the tumultuous waves of life and be submerged in the intoxic ition of univer- sal love. Notwithstanding all tins, which is certainly true of our torrid zone, and that it has impressed a characteristic seal on the races and sab-races of that portion of American 18 soil, it is, all the same, a sufficiently well known fact, worthy of the meditation of the student of human nature, tliat our wom^n are distinguished for purity, temperance and pru- dence, and that they always mingle with their most common- place acts a tint of poetry and ideality. It is another fact, equally established, that the want of factitious necessities, the loving care with which the grand mother nature has surrounded us with pleasures, the sort of education wh ch is given and received in society and at home, the imaginative and dreamy character which is proper to the people, and the other high and generous qualities which pe- culiarly distinguish our Indo-Spanish family, cause even the lighter and less pure women of our land to desire to be loved, to be conquered, and even to be deceived, and obliged to bestow tlie gift of their personal graces, in return for atten- tions more or less delicate and spiritually sympathetic. And it is worthy of remark that a woman ot less indisputable morals in 'L'rujillo would ordinarily consider herself insulted by any man who would demand the favor of feminine ca- resses in exchange for money alone, and without further ovei-tures. All I have said is absolutely so, and the author of the im- pugned work has committed an error the more inexcusable, inasmuch as he has, in his unhandsome fictions, spoken gen- erally of the women of Trujillo. To say that the adventurer Walker was shot while endeav- oring to establish slavery in the conntry, is simply to utter a calumny against the memory of that unhappy man, who fell a victim to a different kind of ambition, and who cannot arise from the tomb to defend himself. And in respect to the anxiety which our writer says the Trujillians sliow to relate to all strangers this sad episode, although it would be nothing particular if the tale were true, still it is necessary to say in honor of truth, that no such thing exists, and that it is only on rare occasions the memory of that event is evoked. • Would to God that the people of Trujillo, as the corre- spondent says, might not have more important recollections in the past ! That the commercial houses have an exaggerated number of employes, who earn twenty-five dollars per week by reading light novels and indulging in siestas, is an absurdity of magnitude, which does not merit the trouble of a con- tradiction. I will, therefore, content myselt by saying that there is not one, unless it raiglit be the bookkeeper, who gains so large a salary, especially when it is the regular cus- tom for the employes of commercial firms to lodge and board in their employer's house. To turn next to the unhealthfulness which the writer 19 pretends to attribute to Trujillo. Since I see iiolhino: more in this than that some of the emplo3'és return to their old and nameless iiomes, a little rich in nione3% and millionaires in lever, it will be sufficient to allude to the report ot a med- ical commission from Louisiana. In this it is affirmed, with an authority indisputably greater than that of our unlearned scribbler, that Trujillo has a population extraordinarily healthy, and that there yellow fever has never heen spread, not even by communication or contagion. If the traveler had had the feeling of a true student, and had desired to learn the truth as to the state of the climate, he would have thought of applying to the official who lias charge of the civil register to obtain from him figures in re- gard to the mortality. But he has shown that it was oí' no importance to him to verify his impressions when he could draw on the resources of his hairbrained imagination. I will tell our worthy traveler, in respect to the unusual animation which he says has commenced in Trujillo with the project for water woi'ks, that it is just the author oí these lines who has conceived the idea, taken under his charge the trouble of realizing it, and who hopes to conduct it to a happy conclusion within a very short time, conquering the supposed difficulty of the workmen, which fortunately does not exist, and without being at the necessity of employing criminals at the work. For the aforesaid undertaking depends on appropriate and sufficient income, on the fruitful action of determined volun- teers, on the incontestable virtue of the "almighty dollar," on the generous enthusiasm of the people of Trujillo, on the professed and efficacious protection of the present President of the Republic, and of its progressive and «laborious Min- ister. And here an incidental opportunity is presented of making a slight reference to the Government of Honduras, composed at present of enlightened men, presided over by a chief who is intelligent and of untainted honor. It is fit to make an al- lusion here, though only in a few words, to the indefatigable action of that same Government, pletlged. at present, to the immediate execution of innumerable works of moral and material progress, to which it has d.'voted its fruitful initia- tive, and almost the entire national revenues. Happily for us, for the felicitous termination of our under- takings, and for a confident response to the necessities of the situation and the rational exigencies of an immediate future, we are able to boast of having succeeded in arranging the ex- penditures and malversations of former official immorality, being in this more fortunate than this remarkable Republic, at the same time that a well efíected and fruitful peace has been definitely established. 20 Amongst these enterprises, which are, in truth, numerous and great, relative to the I'esoui'ces of tlie country, appear in the first rank schools, penitentiaries, public markets, wa- ter works, high roads, etc., etc., which I mention here only to give a more approximate idea of the actual situation of Honduras, and in order to refute the charge of incurable indolence which has been made against our Government in respect to the national methods of communication. The writer of the article should have been more just, by re- lating what ihere is manifestly good, as also more noble and more courteous, in bestowing a few words of kind incitement and generous encouragement. Is he, peradventure, so unfortunate as to have eyes which see everywiiei-e the shade alone, or does he confess himself only able to calumniate? According to what the cited article states, the houses of Trujillo are miserable huts, full of dirt and fleas. Now, it is not necessary to make any other contradiction to this other than that which disposes of all his intemperate and capricious aifirmations, which is to say that it is difficult to find a single word of truth amougst them. Perhaps it would not be uncharitable to suppose that our traveler was never in Trujillo; or that he mistook for that city one of its suburbs inhabited by the ' ' Caribes." But still, in the latter case that assertion would be equally gratuitous, as the "Caribes" are people who, if they live in small houses of an architecture which might be considered primitive, still succeed in making these poor dwellings veritable examples of cleanliness. We have not in Honduras luxurious and splendid palaces, such as are in profusion in this, the Empire City. We certainly have nothing in the least like them, nor would rea- son justify any one in expecting it. But if tlie distinguished traveler had really been in Trujillo, enjoying good moral and physical health, and in a condition to make complete use of his senses, he would have been able to discover that there are many houses relatively beautiful, clean and well ap- pointed, which, even in the United States, would not be remarkable as wanting in comfort and decency. But what caps the climax is the attempt to compromise the honor of well-known individuals, contained iu the state- ment made by the writer of the ai-ticle, with respect to the custom-house officials in Trujillo. These are two gentlemen whom I know sufficiently well to be able to say with cer- tainty that they are honorable and temperate, that it is not their custom to drink gin or other liquors, and still less to gamble away their own or anybody else's money. These two gentlemen are, and can be, no others than the officials whom the Ireight clerk of the ship, in which our 21 traveler arrived, was obliged to visit. Tliey are the same for the simple reason that they have never been changed, that they alone hold the keys of the Custom Honse, and that to them only is entrusted the receipt of the money. They never close the office in the daytime during business liours, nor Irequent public drinking shops. He will easily understand this who knows that in Trujillo respectable persons, even when possessed by a taste for drink and play, do not satisfy their desires in such places, where only those members of the lower classes collect, with whom, in spite of our demo- cratic equality, they are not sufficiently unprejudiced to be in the habit of associating. And now it occurs to me to ask a question. How did this ingenious writer of articles manage to prove that the offi- cials of the Custom House, (supposing him to kave met them drinking and gambling in a tavern), were playing with pre- cisely the same money which they had received from the last vessel ? Does he perhaps wish it to be understood that they car- ried their indifference to the extent of explaining the fact, notwithstanding that tliey met hmi then for the first time. Or did he divine it by the system of spiritualism so much in vogue is this country of cold rationalism, of positivism and of prudence; or by means of the witchcraft which is still in such high favor in this land, where we find also police drairooned Sundays, Mormons, and negro helots. It is known, moreover, even to this reporting traveler, though he seems to ignore it, that American vessels devoted to the fruit trade on the coast of Honduras, and especially those from the house of Oteri of New Orleans, in one of which he seems to have made his fantastic voyage, are not obliged to pay a single cent for port dues because in re- turn they carry our mail, and because we are animated by a great desire to foster and protect, by all the means in our power, trade with tliis great nation. All this makes the story, in which the freight-clerk of the ship had to deliver at the Custom-house the bag of money, which served as an in- troduct.on to, and a motive for the rest of the history, both doubtful and unacceptable. The Custom officers were not allowed to receive any money upon ^ife^ ship, and even if this ship, on ac- count of its outfit especial, carried goods subject to duty, this being its first presentation to the Custom-house, and the goods not having been brought ashore to be examined and given their respective permits, the freight-clerk commenced badly in anticipating the payment of a sum whose amount had not yet been determined. á 22 áa ssM, too, that such ships have their consignee in Trujillo, Mio arranges all tlie financial affairs, or engage- ments witli the Custom-house. Would it be possible that this sack of money was destined to bribe tlie employes, and on that account its immediate delivery was important? This is repugnant, if only because it was thought of men known as I know the employes alluded to and their tried integrity. In addition: Gambling is severely prohibited in Honduras, andthe authorities pursue it with inflexibility. It is not then in any way credible, above all to any one who is acquainted with the severe morality of the actual President and of our Secretary of the Treasury that the first officials of the Custom-house, would be guilty, in a disreputable tavern, of what would, of a surety, put in evident danger tlieir con- tinuance in the offices they hold. The story of the drinking shop is, then, witliout doubt, false and of malicious invention. And neither is the statement true which he makes in his remarks on the sale of liquors, that there are shops in which gin alone is sold; for this is, on the contrary, the liquor which is least consumed. And what he observes with re- spect to the introduction of foreign liquors is, through ignor- ance of tlie origin of our financial system, equally false and absurd. As for the rest, the Government has not, in all Hondur- as, a single distillery. I repeat, then, that the article to which I am referring has been in all probability, a humble eflbrt at a scientific novel, inspired, perhaps, by the perusal of one of the interesting literary productions of that amusing and profound French writer, Mr. Jules Verne. This work may-, then, be of the same class with those they call "The Mysterious Isle *' and "Voyage to the Moon," in which case, although at present he does not give many signs of attaining pre-eminent tame, the novel writer may, possibly, if he continue working without becoming disheart- ened, and if Heaven be disposed to grant him a life as long as that of the biblical Methuselah, at last arrive at the ob- ject of his ambition. And why not? Patience is one of the attributes of genius; the will is a marvellous reaching power; laith moves and ti-ans- ports mountains; persevering work secures success, real miracles; the bumps of the human cerehrum may be enlarged with time and meditation, and the doors of BlackwelTs Is- land may comply with the evangelical precept to open and give admission to him who calls. 23 May be, then, the Trujillo of our traveler is a place dreamt of in the land of theselenites, or in the altitudes and unex- plored regions of the south wind, which is on the whole more convenient, and more easy lor him to imagine, than to ex- pose liimself to the risk of stumbling unexpectedly on a bogle or of being eaten up by his own hungry aml)ition to shine. But if I have luckily hit upon the truth, this clever author should have been more ingenuous, and should have let it be known sooner, so that the readers of the N. Y. Times might understand what to belicive, and so that no one might ima- gine he had referred to the Trujillo of our prosaic planet, of our northern hemisphere and of our own continent, the spot where the sublime Genoese madman first put his foot, and which is found to be at about 15° 55' north latitude, and about 86° longitude west from the Paris meridian. In another way his wonderful work already transcends the moral limits of the novel, and has to seek its inspiration and its sources, not according to the same standards of intelli- gence, but in the frenzies of a disordered imagination, or in the sombre and mysterious recesses of a diseased heart. It is also stated in the article which I am refuting that the boys of Trujillo speak a dialect composed of English and Spanish words, picked up while they were playing in the street. He says this (although in all probability he does not know Spanish, as indeed he may not even know his own lan- guage), and it confirms me in the idea that he has only wished, by a freak of the imagination, to direct the readers of the New York Times, or that, as I suggested before, he mistook one of the Caribe villages for the city of Trujillo. The latter case is possible, because in those villages, on account of the frequent communication with the negroes of the Brit- ish colony of Belize, they speak as much English as Spanish, or perhaps even more. There is one thing more of which I have not spoken, and which proves, like the rest, the poverty of the author's in- ventive faculties. I refer to the extraordinary announcement that in Trujillo it is necessary to employ at least one hundred servants in each house or family, as it is the custom to have a separate one to do each insignificant service. Thus, for example, he who makes the bed does not dust the furniture; and it takes one to wash the china, another to arrange the table, and a third to place the chairs, while there are totally distinct ser- vants to take care of each dish in each of the dilierent courses of a dinner. He adds that when one of the mem- bers of this happy family has completed his especial task there is no further interference with him, as the rest of his time is his own and he takes a vacation. 24 Does it not appear to the reader that those unfortunate and perverse Trujillians would require to be very rich and prodigal to maintain such a veritable army of idlers, the feeding alone of whom would be enough to ruin a nabob. Behold, then, the secret re son of the scantiness of food in Trujillo, where the subtile traveler, according to his own. account, was in danger of dying of hunger, no doubt on ac- count of his inability to secure one of those enviable and enchanting situations of domestic servant. The supine inactivity, which this writer thinks character- istic of the Trujillians, and the exaggerated poverty which in consequence he attributes to them, shall now, in their turn, receive a short notice. I do not pretend to deny, but rather confess, with entire frankness, what 1 am the first to deplore, that the vast ma- jority of our people, like all the sons of the tropics, are in general luxurious, indolent and idle, which fact becomes much more apparent when they are compared with the active and indefatigable North Americans. But from this to what this hairbrained traveler asserts as a fact there is a wide distance, as I am about to show, giving a succinct ac- count of the eflective action and the state of business in that locality, the small population of which should not be lost sight of. It will be at once assumed that they at least work so as produce enough to feed, badly or well, the fixed and floating population, including, of course, those peevish and slander- ous travelers who knowingly bny stolen fowl, and those hun- dreds of idle, happy servants who, according to the narrative of this article-writer, are in the service of the families. After this the following should be known, of whicli this traveler can take note for future verification, if he shonld again visit that country and enjoy better health. A sufl3ciently active commerce exists between Trujillo and the Island of Cuba, at which pkice arrive every year forty thousand head of cattle, in the transport of which several lines of steaniers cire engaged. There is also a regular line of navia'ation between Tru- jillo and some of the ports of France and England, and this has been supported for some time with reciprocal advantage to the directors and to our European commerce. In addition, we enjoy considerable commercial relations with the English colony ol Belize, and also domestic traflic between our port and, on the same coast, others of the He- public, of the Bay Islands, and of Guatemala and Nicaragua. Besides, many schooners and a dozen or so steamers trade between New Orleans and the same coast of Honduras and its adjacent islands, the great part of which is dispatched to Trujillo, where all their business is done. 25 We have a regular and direct line from our port to 'New York, to which the American brig "The Carib" has be- longed for some time. Other ships, both steamers and sailing vessels, passing from ports oí the United States and of Europe, frequently make voyages to Trujillo, although without the regularity of those lines previously mentioned. We have several commercial houses of considerable size and importance, amongst which are the Hondureno house of Messrs. Prospero Castillo, José Julia & Co., and the En- glish house of Biuney, Melhado & Co. These would not have their paper dishonored in any city of the United States. In the immediate vicinity of Trujillo, sustained and en- couraged for the greater part by Trujillian capitalists, many and relatively large plantations exist of cocoanut trees, ban- anas, and other agricultural products of the tropics, capable of giving food to the numerous vessels which, as I have said already, trade regularly between our old port and the me- tropolis of the Gulf of Mexico. This does not include the spontaneous products of our soil, which reward the slightest labor, and which represent not a little wealth. Some of these are gold dust, sarsaparilla, gum elastic, prickly pear, coco, vanilla, tobacco, fibres, dye wood — and others, which we send in greater or less quantities to the European and American markets. And apropos of tobacco, the mention of which I was neg- lecting while attending to things of minor importance, I will say that the estimates and ill will of this writer are, on all points, inconsiderate and unjust, unless the supposed Scotchman may haveplayetl him a humorous trick, making him smoke the withered leaves of the plant wild and unpre- pared, or else a Virginia cigar. Otherwise, except in the case of his having the organ of taste ulcerated, he would have recognized that we have this product identical in qual- ity with the best gathered in Cuba, and incomparably supe- rior to the choicest of the United States. The famous leaf of Copan, in the cultivation and perfec- tion of which manyexpert West Indians are occupied, passes in many places for Cuban cured, and is exported in great quantities, with credit and profit, and has become already one of the most consideralDle sources of our national wealth. We have, too, cuttmgs of Mahogany and other precious woods destined for exportation, where hundreds of operators are engaged, and the transport of which to Europe (our principarmarket through want of attraction and liberalstim- ulus in the United States) occupies several large steamers and sailing vessels. A great'quantity of the hides of large and small cattle, ' wild and from the pen, mainly disposed of in the markets of 26 tlie United States, contributes largely to the increase of our export trade. On the subject of the coifee, indigo, cochineal and other Hondureno productions of relative importance, I will say notliiug in particular here, except that scarcely any of them are cultivated for domestic consumption, and that the pro- duce of the interior of the Repuljlic has a means of exit on the Pacific coast, througli which the silver in a rough state is carried. A great sugar cane plantation is actually being formed in the suburbs of Trujillo. For the cultivation of this plant our ground has no rival, and possesses a decided advantage over the best of Louisiana and Florida as in Honduras a planta- tion even moderately well taken care of, may last a century, in good producing condition, without requiring Iresh seed. There are, moreover, several pasture grounds for breed- ing cattle, and fattening those destined for Cuba. These taken together measure more than half a million acres of cul- tivatediand, and permanently maintain nn immense number of workmen, and represent a value which comes up to some hundreds of thousands of dollars. Finally, there exist, as might naturally be supposed, on a larger or smaller scale, such other industrial enterprises as are indispensable to the life of every even moderately civil- ized people. Well then ! Does my Trujillo in any way resemble tlie fabulous Trujillo of the novelistic article-writer of the New York Times. It is there palpable and well known at no more than three days' distance from the Mississippi; not certainly at all a mys- tery to those Americans who can see even a little in advance of their noses. And as I have said before, Trujillo, in spite of all is not, nor does it pretend to be, the first or the second or the third or the fifth city of the modest Republic of Honduras. It would be easy for me to avail myself of this opportunity to give an extended notice of this Central American state, to which I have only been able to make short and incom- p'ete references, merely such, in fact, as I have considered indispensable for the object of this rel'utation. I might, certainly, say m.ucli in relation to the natural riches that lie on the bosoms of that virgin, fruitful and un- explored country, whose prolific germs are calling lor a more active concurrence of capital and labor to convert them into positive elements of incalculable prosperity and well being. There are few, very few countries in the Avoi'ld., which can offer superior advantages and recompenses to the efforts of labor, honor and intelligence. 21 Its innumerable and inexhaustible mineral treasures alone would be suflBcieiit to fill a large place in such a notice. I will therefore, observe that there is no river or small stream which may not run through an auriferous bed, and hardly a handsbreadth oí the land, which may not contain more or less deposit of precious metals. With few implements, small capital, incipient industry and routine (for the engines and economical contrivances of American and European invention have not yet reacheel us) our success in the mining branch is already relatively con- siderable, and remunerates with generosity our budding spirit of enterprise. Alluding to agriculture, which is beyond all dispute the most solid element in the prosperity of modern nations, I have said that we possess a large territory which easily pro- duces the most highly valued fruit of the tempei'ate zone, and which is remarkable for the facility, that it displays in producing the plants indegenous to the torrid zone. As I must not now dilate further on this subject, I think it use- ful to say that the greater part of our fertile lands remains still uncultivated, and unsettled, and that our Government and our laws give, gratuitously to the first occupant, what- ever may be liis nationality or his origin, the perfect pro- prietorship of all the land which he succeeds in cultivating. Such circumstances merit a minute and complete relation, which I -would with much pleasure give here, were it not that I fear I may have already extended this letter too much. I will give such information, however, patiently and disin- terestedly to any one, who desires to hear it and will take the trouble to call at my office. Who can doubt that a distinguished place will belong to Honduras in the future lofty destinies of our grand and beau- tiíül America! I will take the liberty of observing, in conclusion, that to write a novel worthy of being reatl, it is necessary amongst other things, to have a good imagination, acquaintance with art, ability to develop, elevation of mind, aesthetic taste, and particular grace of expression. And to travel with true profit, and obtain the power of giving a clever and just idea of a people, it is necessary to provide a good supply of sincerity, observant character, analytical spirit, correct and impartial judgment, and a little also of those bagatelles which are denominated history, geography and statistics. CORRESPONDENCIA, DIRIGIDA A EL "NEW YORK TIMES," EN REFUTACIÓN DE UN CUENTO MAL URDIDO Y PEOR CONTADO. Ponina verdadera casualidad, ha llegado amis manos el tí^ 10274 del ' ' New York Times", trascurridos ya niuclios dias después de su data, y en él he visto un artículo, bajo el rubro de '-'A Race of Lazy People'\ en que se procura denigrar al pueblo de Trujillo de la República de Honduras y aun á la misma Repiiblica en general. Cualquiera persona que conozca dicho país, pudiera muy bien dudar de que el articulista haya estado en Trujillo, j hasta suponer que sólo ha querido regalar á los lectores del "New York Times" un ensayo de novela original, esti- mulado tal vez por la lectura de algunajDroducción del géne- ro de las de Jules Verne, y cuyo lugar de escena buscó á la postre, indiferentemente, en un diccionario de geografía. Si resultara c[ue la anterior hipótesis no está fuera de lo cierto, quedaríame únicamente el derecho de protestar con- tra la inoportunidad de tal elección, teniendo, así mismo, la pena de no poder augurar un éxito muy feliz á la vocación literaria de un autor tan infecundo é iliterato, pues á primera vista se descubre que no vino al mundo para hacerse admi- rar por la alteza de su ingenio, ni por la limpidez y donosu- ra de su estilo, en la tierra de Fenimore Cooper y de Edgar Poe. De todos modos, yo, animado por un sentimiento de justi- cia y por el no menos natural de patriotismo celoso, vengo á hacer algunas rectificaciones, que convienen igualmente al interés de la verdad, al crédito de mi patria, la República de Honduras, y al buen nombre del respetable diario en que se publicó el artículo á que aludo. 30 Espero, pues, que el "New York Times" se dignará con- ceder un lugar á esta correspondencia en sus ilustradas co lurnnas, ya que en las mismas apareció el escrito citado que la motiva, y que, en rigor de caballerosidad y de justicia, es debida tal satisfacción á un pueblo con tanto ahinco y sin razón vilipendiado. Y siendo así que confio en la imparcialidad y benevolen- cia que son propias de la dirección de tan importante dia- rio, voy desdo luego á concretar el asunto. Comienza el articulista su famoso trabajo, llamando á Trujillo "Metrópoli de Honduras", diciendo que es la ciudad más grande y el puerto más importante de la República, y asegurando que por allí se verifica la mayor parte de las operaciones mercantiles de todo el país. En seguida, expresa que la tal Metrópoli cuenta apenas unos cuatro mil habitantes, según el dicho general de los mismos, y que aun esto es para él muy dudoso; y agrega que no habría una operación más fácil que contarlos, puesto que toda la gente se halla siempre en sus casas, las mujeres en el interior, los hombres sentados fuera de la puei ta y los ni- ños retozando en la calle á la sombra de los cocoteros. Dice que el comercio del lugar está todo en las manos de unos cuantos americanos y escoceses, y que la agricultura se reduce á unas pocas y mezqidnas huertas de plátanos, de cuyo fi'uto se mantiene exclusivamente toda la población, y de algunas diminutas plantaciones ele pinas y naranjales. Dice, también, que las casas de la ciudad son unos hoyos b cuevas estrechas, llenas de suciedad y de pulgas, y que es una verdadera dificultad para el viajero encontrar alojamien- to, después de lo cual tropieza todavía con otra mayor y más grave, como es la de no hallar que comer y exponerse á todos los rigores del hambre. Tj-atando de hacer una descripción de la plaza, que coloca en lo que él llama la parte nueva y más habitable de la ciudad, dice que los edificios que la rodean pertenecen á los españo- les avecindados en el lugar. Aludiendo á la instrucción pública, refiere que se encuen- tra en el estado de mayor descuido y abandono, y que aun- que los residentes americanos han establecido algunas escue- las, estas se hallan en bien triste situación, por falta de patrocinio y de concurrencia de alumnos. Cuenta que hay una guarnición militar, compuesta de veinte soldados y de mayor número de oficiales: que los pri- meros son torpes, indolentes y desmañados: que cuando se les enseña el ejercicio, y esto sucede todos los dias, gastan una hora para terciar el fusil ó ejecutar otro sencillo movi- miento, después de lo cual se quedan dormidos en pié: que su ocupación única ó principal, es la custodia de los reos condenados á presidio: que en tiempo de paz no duermen en 31 el fuerte, sino que se retiran á pasar la noche bajo los árbo- les de la ribera del mnr: que usan al capricho diferentes y abigarrados uniformes; y que, cuando él saltó á tierra en Trujillo, se le presentó un soldado que le rindió su arma, el cual estaba vestido con pantalones rojos de artillería, botas de infantería y sombrero de caballería. Antes lia diclio que lo primero (|ue se descubre de la ciu- dad, vista desde el mar, es una gran pai'ed ó murallon de que la rodeó el conqu stador Hernán Cortez. Cuenta, así mismo, que los presidiarios no son alimentados por el Estado, sino que, después de las horas de trabajo, son conducidos de puerta en puerta á las casas de los veci- nos, para mendigar el sustento en nombre de la caridad. Refiere que el famoso aventurero William Wallícr llegó á Trujillo pretendiendo establecer la esclavitud en el país, y que fué aprehendido y fusilado, siendo este el único evento extraordinario que ha tenido lugar en la ciudad desde su independencia de España, lo que hace que todos los habitan- tes vivan ansiosos por relatarlo á cuantos extranjeros se pre- sentan. Habla de una cierta clase de la población, conocida con el nombre de ''Caribes", y dice, entre otras cosas, que los hom- bres tienen el hábito de azotar diariamente á sus mujeres, aun sin tomarse la molestia de explicarles el motivo de tal procedimiento. Asegura- que, para hacer en Trujillo el amor, no hay más que dirigirse á una muchacha de catorce años, llevándole un regalo, y que esto es suficiante para que ella se resuelva á vivir con el que la desea, á reserva de cambiarlo luego por otro amante que sea más buen mozo ó más liberal en sus obsequios. Dice que, cuando el vapor en que iba dejó caer sus anclas en la rada de Trujillo, el capitán se apresuró á indicar, [>or medio de señales, que tenia á bordo efectos pertenecientes al comercio: que los comerciantes no se movieron de sus asien- tos, colocados en la parte exterior de sus tiendas, donde se deleitaban l'umando en una gran pipa que representaba á Washington cruzando el DelaAvare. ni dieron providencias para el desembarque de su carga respectiva, sin embargo de ser esa la ocasión única en que aquellos marmotas dan seña- les de no haber perdido la facultad del movimiento; y que el referido capitán se cansó de llamar en vano á las gentes de la playa, para que fucrí^n con lanchas á verificar la des- carga, á cuyo efecto gritaba desaforadamente, expresándose cu inglés, italiano y español. Agrega que el contador del buipie dispuso ir á tierra, se- gún parece, antes de recibir ninguna visita, y que lo tomó á él en su bote: que habia á la sazón mucha mar, por lo cual lio se pudo 11 quel mismo dia llevar el cargamiento á tierra, y 32 que fueron conducidos á la playa por una grande ola, sin respirar y con la rapidez de una flecha: que allí encontraron á dos americanos que tienen la mala suerte de vivir en el país, quienes le dieron en el acto muchos informes, inclusive el que se referia á la fusilación de Walker: que, en seguida, lo primero que tuvieron que hacer fué dirigirse á la Aduana, la cual está situada en la parte nueva de la ciudad y como á una milla distante del mar: que hallaron cerradas las enci- nas, siendo apenas después del medio dia, y que les fué pre- ciso buscar inmediatamente á los primeros oficiales, lo que por dicha no resultó difícil, pues los hallaron muy cerca de allí, en una cantina pública de ginebra, teniendo una botella al lado y haciendo repetidas libaciones, en cuya honesta faena continuaron todavía largo tiempo, entreteniéndolos á ellos y mostrándose muy recocijados con la vista de un saco de dinero que el contador les llevaba. Concluye, en fin, la anterior especie, diciendo que aquellos beatíficos administradores de caudales públicos, hablan es- tado entretenidos, además, en jugar el dinero que hablan recibido del último vapor. Hace aquí, como de paso, pero con toda seriedad, algunas observaciones de carácter económico sobre el ramo fiscal de licores en Honduras, asegurando que en Trujillo casi solo se expende ginebra, apesar de estar prohibida su introducción y de que el Gobierno de la República manifiesta no consentir la venta de otros licores que los qne salen de sus propias fábricas de destilación. Y expresa, por último, tratando de ampliar todavía sus ideas acerca del comercio: que en aquellos establecimientos reina la mayor quietud : que están servidos por un exagerado número de dependientes, los cuales ganan veinticinco pesos á la semana por vivir de holgazanes, leyendo novelitas lige ras y durmiendo ordinariamente las siestas ; y que éstos, á los dos ó tres años de haberse acomodado, regresan á su viejo país, un poco ricos en dinero y millonarios en calenturas. Tales son las principales afirmaciones del articulista, em- peñado en demostrar la pequenez de Trujillo y la extraordi- naria pobreza de sus moradores ; y como por un acto de piedad, ó para colocar una lucesita en medio de tantas som- bras como tiene su cuadro, reconoce que el puerto es grande, profundo y bien defendido, y añade que los extranjeros resi- dentes le auguran un porvenir mejor. También nos hace la gracia de decir que tenemos unos caballos que. aunque pequeños, son inertes y corredores ; y echa, así mismo, un trozo de prosa poética, hablando de co- mo se balancean, impulsados por la brisa, los árboles del bosque. ¡Puerto, caballos, árboles y brisa! Hé aquí lo único que halló alguna merced en el ánimo destemplado de nuestro cu- rioso articulista. 33 Empero; tiene todavía otro rasgo de buen hiimoi'. Dice que los soñolientos y perezosos trujillanos coiuieiizan á sacu- dir su profundo letargo, movidos por la idea de establecer obras de agnia en la ciudad ; aunque muy pronto nos quita la ilusKHi, vaticinando que tales obras se van á (|uedar en pro- yecto, pues con todo y ser muy fáciles y de pequeño coste, pien- sa tendrán que escollar en la dificultad de conseguir obreros, á menos (pie el Gobierno destine para el trabajo á todos los reos del país. Parece increible que un viajero americano, de este pueblo tan cosmopolita y tan sensato, como sobrio y justo en sus apreciaciones; iiarece verdaderamente increible que profiera un cúmulo tal de destempla los desatinos, ]ior medio de la prensa y en un diario tan importante y tan leido como el ''New- York Times," sin hacerse cargo de quepodria haber alguien (|ue se presentara á comprobar el ridículo y falsedad de sus afirmaciones Es, además, bien poco generoso, por no decir otra cosa, el descargar el peso de la intenijierante diatriba contra un pueblo joven, modes' o y alejado, que guarda en su seno tan- tas y tantas riquezas naturales, con cuyo goce convida á to- dos los extranjeros en igual medida que á sus propios hijos, y que tan alto raya en la práctica de muchas y muy eminen- tes virtudes, entre las cuales figura, como en muy pocos lu- gares del planeta, la noble y santa virtud de la hospitalidad. Nada se le ocuriió decir, al famoso viajero, en favor de Trujillo ni de Honduras, siquiera para mostrar alguna apa- riencia de rectitud en sus juicios, al par que para no dar al traste con su crédito de bueu observador. Nada se le ocurrió decir sobre la eterna primavera que en nuestras re,2Íones se ostenta, sobre nuestros rios navegables, sobre nuestros lagos encantados, sobre nuestras praderas si- empre verdes, sobre nuestras ricas minas de piedras y de me- tales preciosos, sobre nuestra fauna y nuestra llora gigantea. Nada sobre la prodigiosa fecundidad de nuestro suelo vir- gen, donde se producen, casi espontáneamente, los más esti- mados frutos de todas las zonas. Nada sobre nuestra naturaleza próbida y riente, sobre nuestro hermoso cielo, sobre nuestras noches diáfanas, sobre nuestras auras perfumadas, sobre la benignidad de nuestro clima interior, donde son igualmente desconocidos el calor sofocante de los veranos del Norte y el frió intenso de sus in- viernos desapacibles. Nada se le ocurrió acerca de nuestras avanzadas y liberales instituciones, en las que se consagra lamas absoluta libertad del pensamiento y de la conciencia, la separación de la Iglesia y el Estado, el sufragio universal, la autonomía del Munici- pio, el Habeos Corpus^ la obolición casi absoluta de la pena de muerte, la justicia gratuita, el matrimonio civil, los más 34 amplios derechos y garantías para los extranjeros, y otras no menos altas y fecundas, que colocan á nuestra pequeña Re- pública en el rol do los pueblos civilizados, haciéndola digna de la estimación y del respeto de las gentes. Nada sobre la liberalidad con que el Gobierno da acogida y protección á todas las empresas industriales y profesiones científicas, y del favor especial y de la simpatía que hallan siempre entre nuestro pueblo los empresarios americanos. Nada sobre nuestro IV-rro-carril, telégrafos, carreteras en construcción, hosiñtales de caridad, colegios y universidades. Nada sobre nuestra legislación, sobre nuestro foro, nuestra prensa y nuestro sistema postal. Nada acerca de la igualdad racional y efectiva de todos los hombres, sin distinción de iicrarquias ni de razas, y sobre el hecho singular y notorio, envidiable ciertamente para los norte-americanos, de haber comenzado nuestra vida de nación independiente y soberana, suprimiendo de facto y sin violen- cias la infanda esclavitud en nuestro suelo. Nada con i-el ación á nuestras hermosas, honestas y espiri tuales mujeres, tan candorosas y amantes, como tiernas y resignadas, guardadoras fidelísimas del honor de sus maridos, verdaderos ángeles del hogar, sacerdotisas idóneas y fervien- tes en el sagrado culto de la familia. Nada sobre la franqueza, valor y cortesanía, que son, como el oro, indígenas en aquella tierra: sobre la índole generosa, honrada, expansiva y leal de los nativos; y sobre el hecho, verdaderamente notable y sin ejemplo conocido en otros lu- gares, de la completa seguridad con que se viaja en todo el país, portándose valores considerables en metálico, sin temor de rufianes y ladrones. Nada, en fin, sobre tantas y tantas otras cosas que hay en Honduras, más ó menos apreciables y buenas, y que llamarían la atención del viajero menos observador, como se la han llamado ya á otros americanos que lian escrito sobre mi pa- tria las más donosas y justicieras páginas. y á le que no serviría de justificación á nuestro viajero escritor, el decir, ahoi-a, que solamente llevó en mira referirse á una localidad determinada: porque ni supo conocerla, ni fué justo en apreciarla, ni á ella sola se refirió, toda vez que hizo juicios de manificí^to valor comparativo, como se ve de la neta proposición en que afirmó que Trujillo es la metró- poli de Honduras. Lo que verdaderamente le serviría de disculpa, seria el acorrerse á la inmutable ley de la nntui'aleza, en virtud de la cual las peras no brotan en los olmos; pero, aun en este caso, muy bien pudo él no haberse metido en camisa de once varas. ¿Será que nuestro ilustre viajero halló en Trujillo alguna contrariedad ocasional, ó que tuvo algún serio y rudo desen- canto, sobre esperanzas lisonjeras que fundó, tal vez, en una pretensión insensata? 35 ¿Crej'ój por ventura, al diri.üirse á aquella tierra, que iba á encontrar nuestras modestas ciudades empedradas con pe- pitas de oro, j los árboles del bosque viniéndose al suelo con el peso de los steaks y de los pavos trufados? Cuéstame trabajo, y trabajo ímprobo é inútil, el querer des- cifrar este arcano, en el cual hay, probablemente, al.irún re- sorte moral de que nadie tendría derecho para envanecerse. Pero, como quiera que sea, voy á intentar aquí una sen- cilla cuanto verídica rectificación, invocando el testimonio autorizado de todos los americanos juiciosos y severos que han visitado la República de Honduras. Prolijo y dilatado seria, por demás, el tener que referirme aquí, en detal y con método preciso, á todas y cada una de las noticias que consignó en su escrito el viajero articulista á quien aludo: noticias erradas y sin importancia, en su mayor paite, adquiridas, quizás, cuando aun se hallaba dominado por el mareo, y escritas, acaso, bajo el influjo de otra situación ó enfermedad muy parecida, aunque de carácter facticio. ¡Desgraciada la liistoria que con tales elementos se escri- biese; é iuualniente infortunado seria el " New York limes," si no tuviera mejores reporters! Yoy, pues, á entrar de lleno en el campo de las rectifica ciones, concretándome, particularmente, á lo que juzgue de mayor entidad. Debo decir, en primer lugar, que Trujillo, bajo cualquier punto de visia que se le considere, no es ni pretende ser la metrópoli de Honduras, como con tanta ligereza asegura el articulista. No es ni la ciudad más grande, ni la más rica, ni la más comercial, ni la más civilizada, ni el puerto de mejores con- diciones marítimas, ni la via por donde verifica sus princi- pales importaciones y exportaciones el comercio de la Repú- blica. Como puerto de mar, por sus condiciones naturales, por su proximidad á los más grandes centros productores y consu- midores, por su mayor movimiento y por la facilidad de los trasportes, el puerto de A pala, en el seguro y pintoresco golfo de Fonseca, es, sin disputa, el primero y el mejor de la República. Como ciudad populosa, como plaza comercial, como asiento de la industria, como seno de la riqueza acumulada, como lugar recreativo y de belleza material, como centro de cultura y civilización; l^ajo todos conceptos, tenemos á Tegucigalpa, la capital de la República, que guarda, respecto de Trujillo, la misma proporción que la ciudad de New York comparada con las de Long Island y Hoboken; y tenemos, todavía, á lo menos una docena de ciudades, en cuyo primer término figu- ran Juticalpa, Comayagua, Santa Rosa, Yuscarán, Danlí, San Pedro y otras más, que bajo muchos puntos de vista le llevan la delantera. 36 La población de Trujillo es, numéricamente, la misma que el articulista refiere, j lástima da que, siendo tan fácil, como él cree, no se halla tomado la molestia de contar los habitan- tes, para desvanecer completamente sus dudas. Sobre que siempre se hallan los moradores en sus casas, las mujeres en el interior, los niños jugando- en la calle á la sorabia de los cocoteros, los hombres, por lo general, senta- dos á la puerta y los comerciantes fumando en una pipa que representa á Washington cruzando el DelaAvare, es un dispa- rate mayúsculo el decirlo, pues ni se concibe la existencia inmóvil de tales hombres, particularmente en estos nuestros dias de calamidad 3' descreimiento, cuando ya la íe no es una sustancia muy digerible, ni se convierte en quilo para nutrir nuestra sanare falsificada, ni el maná y las frituras de codor- nices caen en el campo, y cuando Dios, cansado de su oficio de repostero, no ayuda ya gran cosa á aquel que no se ayuda con actividad á sí mismo. ¿Hay, por acaso, en esto, una 'figura de retórica? Pase, pues, por hipérbole ó por metáfora; ])evo no hay figura que baste á explicar el hecho inverosímil de iiaber visto á los comerciantes fumando en una pipa común ó en pipas singularmente iguales, lo cual no especifica el via- jero novelista; y ni á lo menos puede ser admisible su cuento, en la parte que se relaciona con los niños, toda vez que no hay un solo cocotero en las calles de la ciudad, á cuya som- bra puedan estos verificar sus juegos infantiles. Tampoco es verdad que el comercio de Trujillo se encuentre en manos de americanos y escoceses; y no solamente deja de ser cierto, sino que creo no existe un solo escocés ocupado del cimiercio, ni en grande ni en pequeña escala; y si existe, debe ser casi desconocido, como no sean algunos de los dependien- tes de la respetable y acaudalada casa de los señores Binney Melhado yComp.,cm-o principal y gerente es un digno ca- ballero oriundo de Jamaica, poco menos que un hondureno nativo, casado ha muchos años en el país, donde ha hecho su posición y su fortuna y vivido los dos tercios de su vida. Puedo decir, al mismo tiempo, que no existe más que una casa americana, y aun esta de segundo orden, si bien bas- tante acreditada, perteneciente á un honrado ciudadano de la gran República, llamado Mr. Geks. La mayor parte de las princijmles casas de comercio, per- tenecen á hondurenos muy hondurenos, que no tienen ni han tenido nunca parientes en Escocia ni en los Estados Unidos, como son los señores D. José Julia y Caballero y D. Próspero Castillo; y después de .éstos y de los ya mencionados señores l^inney Melhado y Comp., siguen, ocupando una escala muy considerable y considerada, algunos individuos originarios de Francia, de Italia y de la grande Antilla. Por lo que hace al aserto de que la población de Trujillo se mantenga sólo con plátanos, aparte de que tal fruto consti- 37 tuye nn alimento sacarino de los más agradables, nutritivos y sanos, muy superior á las papas y a los boniatos, según re- sulta del análisis químico y de la opinión de sabios natui-a- listas, y que la superabundancia con que la naturaleza los produce, lo mismo que la facilidad de su cultivo, hablan muy ventajosamente en favor de aquel país centro-americano:, aparte de esto, digo, necesario es reconocer que la arirmación del articulista carece en un todo de verdad, pues los trujilla- nos se nutren habiiualmente con muy buen pan de trigo, cuya harina importan del vecino mercado de New Orleans. No son sino las clases mas pobres las que alternan á menu- do ese alimento con el plátano, de la especie que denominan . "maclio" y que saben preparar de diferentes maneras. Tam- bién lo suplen con una pasta especial llamada tortilla, que hacen de maiz, cociéndolo primero bajo la acción de una cierta cantidad de potasa ó de cloruro "de cal, lo que sirve, al misino tiempo, para facilitar después, con el lavado, el des- prendimiento y separación de la película, y j^ara hacer más plástica la parte vidriosa del grano. Y antes que todo y sobre todo, hacen uso de otro pan, denominado "casabe." igual- mente saludable y sustancioso, que fabrican con la preciosa fécula de una raiz tuberculosa y de procedencia indígena, nmy cultivada en nuestras costas y conocida vulgarmente con el nombre de ''3'uca"; producto estimabibsimo de una ■planta de forma arborescente, que pertenece á la familia de las "iiráceas, " y do la cual se extrae, así mismo, una sustan- cia albuminosa y azoada, muy parecida á lo que se conoce en el mercado con el nombre de almidón de Sagoo. Es cierto que no tenemos en Trujillo grandes y magníficos hoteles, como en los Estados Unidos, capaces de ofrecer un alojamiento lujoso y confortable á los extranjeros acostum- brados á la vida del gran mundo; pero no sucede tampoco lo que el articulista asegura, pues tenemos uno que no es des- preciable por la condición de su servicio, del cual es propie- tario un industrioso y honrado francés, llamado Mr. Laca^ sagne, y donde se puede hallar siempre un excelente trato y una mesa bastante bien provista para las exigencias del lugar. Hay, además, varias casas, donde se acostumbra admitir pasajeros, capaces de proporcionar acomodo á un número mayor del que ordinariamente llega; siendo muy notable, por otra parte, la tranca y generosa hospitalidad con que gene- ralmente se recibe y atiende á cualquier huésped en las man- ciones privadas. Con respecto á la instrucción pública, es Trujillo, desgra- ciadamente, una de las ciudades hondurenas donde está me- nos desarrollada y atendida, sin que por eso pueda decirse que faltan en un todo planteles de educación, pues los hay de ambos sexos, costeados por el Municipio, obligatorios ygra- 38 tiiitos, en el centro y en los barrios de la ciudad; y es, á la verdad, una inexactitud sin medida, y sólo comparable con las demás afirmaciones del articulista, el hecho de que haya, ó que haya habido jamás, una sola escuela fundada ó soste- nida por residentes americanos. Lo que el viajero afirma de la guarnición militar de Tru- jillo, es también absolutamente falso, pues ni se compone de veinte soldados, ni tiene los oficiales en una cuarta parte de la proporción apuntada, ni es la que dice su principal ocupación, ni viste el variado uniforme que describe, ni duer- me nunca fuera del cuartel, ni le rinde sus armas á otro que no sea el Presidente de la República, ni tiene una sola de las circuntaneias irregulares con que se ha pretendido ridiculi- zarla. La referida guarnición se compone de cincuenta soldados, con sus correspondientes cabos y sar