Qass- Book. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT EDWARD POLLOCK. FOR SAUe BY WM L ZIMMER A. CO., BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS, 123 SYCAMORE ST. y -'ji i,^^ '■>F(^t,er^hiirg--:-In)irI-'6a()rks,<-'| PETERSBURG, VIRGIN I,A, I ES TA BL IS // / /> I Hid. wm^ .:4 ! HI. T. 3^0ie;K.ZS0n^ &c CO., MANlJFAC'riKKRS ()!• iHteaui Kiiuiiies, Saw 31ills, (irist Mills, lobMcco jiiHl Cotton Factory Macliineiy, I'owei* and Hand Cotton Pivssos. Iron and Biass ( astini>s, Foriiins;^, Ac. STHAM J)kHl)(;iiS AM) [)RHI.)G1N(; MACHIXHRV A SPHCIAI.TV. LOCOMOTIVES FOR TRAM-ROADS MADE TO ORDER AT SHORTEST NOTICE. ;:^^Kstimatrs and I'lans sent to any afldrcss .,i, appluation to H.T. MORRISONS' CO., :f>:e]te:e^sbtj:e^c> ii^oo^ -w~c:r.:k:s, I f ) ^ pi^nte^ic^ii -f z ¥1 •^ i]i\)n^min^ + auiDR TO ^eterikrg, fflirginm. -f, ILLUSTRATED. ^- ^ 7^^ •EiiDVTj^:H,iD i=oli:.ock:. -TFB 19 I: .O^., -T FOR SALE BY ^' ^V ^ ^ ,„ ^ ^ .,..,. " ' T. S. BCCKWITH & CO., BOOKSEtLCRS AND STATIONERS. 108 SYCAMORE s'tRr' r. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1884, By EDWARD POLLOCK, Petersburg, Va. In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. f^ IBKX-APFCAL PRINT. PETE«»BUHO (p PREFACE, ^M M M compilation of this Volume has engaged my close and careful attention for the past five months. I claim for it nothing beyond fidelity to fact, so far as my best endeavors have been successful in ascertaining it. In writing the "Historical Sketch" I have been greatly as= sisted by several friends for whose kindness I desire to express my gratitude Many of the earlier details were supplied by Judge (Drury A. Hinton, of the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia, and those relating to the siege of Petersburg, by Capt. W. Gordon McCabe ; while the late ^ev. E. S Gregory, of Lynchburg, whose widely =lainented death occurred on the igth of the present inonth, most kindly placed at iny disposal his '^Sketch of the History of (Petersburg," together with copi= ous notes and clippings collected by him for a contemplated second edition, from which I borrowed liberally, in many places foUoiving the text. I zvas further aided in the arrange^ ment of the narrative by Mr. J . Calvin Lester, to whmn my best thanks are also due. It is my earnest hope that the book may be instrumental in advancing the commercial and. socia-l interests of ^Petersburg and her well=^beloved citizens. BBWARB POLLOCK. PETERSBURG INTRODUCTORY. PETERSBURG, A CITY OF VIRGINIA, lies chiefly in the County of Dinwiddie, on the south bank of the river Appomattox, twelve miles above its confluence with the James at City Point. Its suburbs extend to the eastward into Prince George County, and to the northward, across the river, into Chesterfield. It is situated on that belt of primitive fossiliferous rock which stretches from Alabama to Canada, on the fourth of the westwardly ascending terraces of Virginia, on a border of granite and sandstone forming the rocky barrier over which the waters of the up- per country fall and mingle with the tide-waters of the Atlantic Slope. This situation supplies at once the two chief desiderata of a great manu- facturing and commercial centre, namely, superior water-power for driv- ing machinery, and a natural highway for the transportation of products to the sea. The meridian of Petersburg, west of Washington, is 24 minutes ; its parallel, north of the Equator, is 37 degrees, 13 minutes. The present town occupies a natural amphitheatre, rising gradually from the river- front to the south, east and west, and reaching an elevation above tide- water of about eighty feet. From the hills on the north bank of the Ap- pomattox, a comprehensive view of the City can be obtained with its pic- turesque suburbs, as they spread outward and upward from the harbor until the semi-circular boundary, formed by the highest visible tier of terraces, is reached. This latter is clearly marked, being surmounted on the east by Blandford Church and Cemetery, on the south by the Reservoir and " Mount Erin," the residence of Wm. Cameron, Esq., and on the west by "East View," the summer abode of Dr. Daniel W. Lassiter. The corpo- rate limits of the City include an area of nearly seven square miles, the greater portion of which is shaded during the summer months with luxu- riant foliage. The population, according to the census of 1S80, was 21,- 6 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL 656, but the registration, immeiliately preceding the municipal election in May, 1SS4, of 4,916 (]ualified voters, would indicate a total pojMilation of about 25,000 souls. Petersburg is distant from Richmond 23 miles ; from Norfolk, 81 miles : from Lynchburg, 123 miles; from Weldon, N. C, 65 miles; and from Washington, D. C, 139 miles. Its immediate connections with these points, and the world beyond them, are as follows : The Norfolk & West- ern Railroad, running from the Atlantic Ocean at Norfolk to the town of Bristol, Va., on the boundary line of Tennessee ; the Richmond & Pe- tersburg Railroad, connecting this City with the Capital of the State ; the Petersburg Railroad, running hence to Weldon, N. C. ; and the Appomat- tox and James Rivers, the latter of which is also reached by a branch of the Norfolk tS: Western Railroad from Petersburg to City Point. The far-reaching commercial relations and general advantages enjoyed by the City will be more fully treated of in the later pages of this publication. HISTORICAL SKETCH. OLD FORT HENRY. IN the year 1645, thirty-eight years after the settlement of Jamestown and during the administration of Governor Berkeley, a party was dis- patched to make a permanent settlement at the head of navigation on the Appomattox River. Peace prevailed at that time between the Coloni-sts and the Indians, having been contracted by the Governor and the friend- ly chief Necotowanee, the successor of the warlike Opecancanough. This cessation of hostilities was at once improved by the erection of Fort Hen- ry at the Falls of the Appomattox, on the site of the present City. The object of this settlement, as declared by the statute, was " the prevention of the great reliefe and subsistence to the Salvages by fishing in Bristoll, <7//tT.r Appomattocke River," and "for the defence of the inhabitants on the south side of James River." In October, 1646, Necotowanee, who is officially styled "King of the Indians," and his people, are forbidden " to come in to hunt or make any abode nearer the English plantations than the lymits of Yapin, the Black Water, and from the head of the Black Water upon a straite line to the Old Monakin Towne." But upon any occasion of a message to the Governor, or for the purposes of trade, they were permitted " to repair to fforte Hentry, a//as Appomattocke fforte, or to the house of Capt. John ffloud (Flood), and to no other place or places on the south side of the river." From this limitation as to the intercour.se and trading operations of the Indians with the Colonists, and from the fact that in none of the statutes in effect at that date was this place men- GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. tioiied as Peter's Point, it may safely be inferred that INIajcr Peter Jones (after whom Peter's Point and, subsequently, Petersburg were named) had not at that time established himself as a trader at or near the Falls of the Appomattox. In the same year (1646), by an Act of the House of Burgesses, this Fort, with six hundi;ed acres of land adjacent thereto, was granted unto Captain Abraham Wood, "whose service hath been employed at fforte Henery," and in 1653 a patent for 1,557 acres, in which was in- eluded the first grant of 600 acres, was issued to this same gentleman, who, in the meantime, had been promoted to the rank of Major. The fol- lowing is the full text of Major Wood's deed as it stands of record in the Land Office at Richmond : To all, etc. ^Whereas, etc. Now, know yee that I, the said Richard Bennett, Esq. etc. give and grant unto Major Abraham Wood, fifteen hun- dred, fifty-seven acres of land, lying at fforte Henery in the County of Charles City, and on the south side of Appomattocke River, bounded, viz: 8 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL from a marked tree on the back of a little swamp on Appomattocke River ; south b}' east into the woods one hundred and sixty chaines, each chaine about two poles ; thence west by south on the heads two hundred sixty- three chaines ; and thence north by west on the river one hundred and sixty chaines ; and thence it runneih east by north down the river to the place we began, two hundred sixty-three chaines, including one thousand flfty-two acres ; and from thence it runneth north by west fifteen chaines ; thence west northwest along the river eleven chaines ; and thence west southwest twelve chaines along the poynt ; from thence it crosseth a part of Appomattocke River to the lower end of an island called fflea Island ; west thirteen chaines ; from thence it runneth upon a straite line by along the river to a poynt above the tenement of John Yonsors, including the islands and inlctts of waters, lands and rocks within the said line, being forty-nine acres and two roods and four hundred fifty-six acres and twen- ty-four pearch, the residue bounded, viz : South east by south into the woods eighty chaines, and thence on the heads southwestjby west one hun- dred and twenty chaines ; and thence northwest by north nine chaines, and from thence southwest by west seventy-eight chaines, and thence it runneth north one hundred and fourteen chaines to the head line of the one thousand fifty-two acres, including the said quantity of land ; the said land being due unto the said Major Abraham Wood as follows, viz : Six hundred acres, part hereof, being granted unto the said Major Abraham Wood by Order of Assembly bearing date the first of October, 1646, and nine hundred fifty-seven acres, the residue, by and for the transportation of twenty persons into this Colony, etc. To have and to hold, etc. Yielding and paying, etc. Which payment is to be made seven years after the first grant or sealing thereof, and not before. Provided, etc. Dated the 9th of June, 1653. AuGUSTiN Ellsbv, Henry Newcombe, Charles Magnorv, Will Marstone, Symin Cooper, Rich'd Lloyd, George Hill, John North, Thos. Lynnge, Ellin Parker, Daniel Lyres, Barbary Richardson, Richard Collins, Jonkin Leech, Edward Hayes, Thomas Ffield, Jane Pryse, Dobo. Eldridge, Chas. Ffeatherstone, John Joanes. But Abraham Wood was not the earliest settler at Fort Henry ; for, by the same Act under which the first six hundred acres of land were granted to him in 1646, it appears that the land on which the fort stood, together with part of the six hundred adjacent acres, had previously been owned by one Thomas Pitt, from whom it was purchased by the House of Bur- gesses for the purpose, evidently, of transferring it to Wood. Thomas Pitt may therefore be regarded as the first legal proprietor of the present City's site. This Major Abraham Wood was one of the most prominent persons in the Colony. He represented the County of Henrico in the House of Bur- gesses at the various sessions of that august body held at James City from October ist, 1644, to October 5th, 1646, and the County of Charles City GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. ^y r s<^ z.'' 'f- 6 S 55 2.-^ — 5'=' — 10 HISTORICAL AND IN'DUSTRIAI- from 1652 to 1654; and in 1656 he received the crowning honor of an ap- pointment as one of the "Governour's Councill." In 1656 he isalso found on the committee appointed to revise all the laws of the Colony, and in the same year was promoted to be Colonel of the regiment maintained jointly by the Counties of Henrico and Charles City. Subsequently he became one of the four Major Generals of the Colony. PETER JONES, whose memory is perpetuated in the City's name, is first heard of in 1675, when war was declared by Governor Berkeley against the Indians. Among the frontier forts to be garrisoned was the one near the Falls of the Appo- matto.x, at Major-General Wood's " or over against him at one ffort or de- fensible place at ffleet's, of which Major Peter Jones be captain or chief commander." He married the daughter of Major-General Abraham Wood, and opened an establishment for trading with the Indians at a point a short distance west of what is now the junction of Old and Sycamore Streets, on the spot where stood, until recently, the foundry erected and occupied by Uriah Wells. He was one of the four gentlemen who accompanied Colo- nel William Byrd, the second, of Westover, on his journey to his plantation on the Roanoke River, in North Carolina, called "The Land of Eden," in the year 1733. The other members of the party were Messrs. Banister, Mumford and Mayo — names still familiar among the gentry of Virginia. It was while still absent upon this journey that Col. Byrd wrote: (See JJ^esiovcr Manuscripts, page 107 ) "When we got home welaid the foun- dation of two large cities — one at Shocco's, to be called Richmond, and the other at the foot of the Appomattox River, to be called Petersburg. These Major Mayo offered to lay out into lots without fee or reward. The truth of it is, these places, being the uppermost landing of James and Ap- pomatto.x Rivers, are naturally intended for marts, where the traffic of the outer inhabitants must centre. Thus did we build not castlcrs only, but cities in the air." " Shocco's" was the property of Col. Wm. Byrd him- self, and the site of Petersburg, then called '• Peter's Point," belonged to Major Peter Jones, who, according to tradition, had derived it from his father-in-law, (ieneral Abraham Wood, and who must have been a man of character and influence, as Col. Byrd mentions him in his journal as his "old friend " as well as his " fellow traveller." At this time Peter Jones must have been "well stricken in years," and died shortly afterwards, leav- ing a son, Abraham Jones, who secured the first charter for the City of Petersburg in 174S. The infant City, as may be seen from the Act of In- corporation, was laid out entirely on the land of Abraham Jones, and the original corporation limits embraced only a narrow strip along the river, having its eastern boundary at the trading station on Old Street and ex- tending no further south than what is now known as Low Street. Abra- ham Jones married Miss Sarah Ravenscroft, and it was their son Peter GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. II Jones who was mentioned in the Act enlarging the boundaries of the City in 1762, which, after reciting the original incorporation of Petersburg, goes on to say, ''which place has since greatly increased and become a place of considerable trade ; and whereas Peter Jones, gentleman, hath laid off twenty-eight acres of his land, adjoining the said town, into lots and streets and hath disposed of several of the said lots, the purchasers whereof have petitioned the General Assembly that the same may be added to and made part of the said town," &c. In the year 1763 this same Peter Jones, the second, built the house on West Washington Street, now occupied by Mr. Wm. E. Hinton, of the firm of Hinton & Dunn, Bankers, of this City. RESIDENCE OF WM. E. HINTON, ESQ., WASHINGTON ST. IbUILT by peter JONES, THE SECOND, IN 1708 AND ONCE KNOWN AS "FOLLY CASTLE.") It was generally called " Folly Castle," because of the supposed extrava- gance of its childless owner in erecting so large a home. He died about 1775, leaving all his town property to his niece, Sarah Newsum, (daughter of his sister Lucy Jones who married Benjamin Newsum), and all his country property, including " Stirling Castle," to another niece, Martha Newsum, who subsequently married John Verell. " Stirling Castle " was pulled down and brought into Petersburg by Mr. Ashton Johnson, who had it re-erected on High Street where it is now occupied as a residence by Mr. Wm. F. Spotswood. The Sarah Newsum who inherited " Folly Castle" married Capt. Erasmus Gill, an officer in the Revolutionary 12 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL Army, and their daughter, Martha Newsum Gill, married John Hinton,. from whom the present family of that name, residents of Petersburg, and Judge John Hinton, of Missouri, are descended. But, returning for awhile to the year 1675, it will be found that at that period the country surrounding Fort Henry had already become the home of many substantial settlers. According to Bishop Meade, *• settlements were, from time to time, after 161 1, formed along the river up to the falls, where is now the town of Petersburg," and it is certain that the earliest records bear many a time-honored family name that also adorns the pages of our latest local directories. Among these may be mentioned such fa- miliar patronymics as Banister, Batte, Bland, Boiling, Byrd, Eppes, Hin- ton, Jones, and Meade. Among the most considerable people of the vicinity, even in these re- mote times, appear to have been the Boilings, whose descendants are still among the largest landed proprietors of the City, and whose family his- tory derives special interest from its connection with the romantic story of Pocahontas. Mr. Howison states that this amiable Princess, dying at Gravesend in 16 17, left a son, Thomas Rolfe, who came to Virginia and there died, leaving an only daughter, Jane Rolfe, who intermarried with Colonel Robert Boiling and became the mother of John Boiling, her only child, whose father (Colonel Robert Boiling) subsequently married Anne, daughter of John Stith, of Brunswick. The Petersburg Boilings of to- day derive their origin from this second marriage, while the descendants of John Boiling, only issue of the first marriage, are to be found scattered over the State under several honored names, for he became the father of Col. John Boiling and of five daughters who respectively married Richard Randolph, John Fleming, Dr. Wm. Gay, Thomas Eldridge and James Murray. It was from " Appomattocke " that Capt. Henry Batte departed with his band of fourteen Englishmen and as many Indians in 1674, by com- mand of Sir Wm. Berkeley, on the tour of western exploration which is supposed by Mr. Howison to have traversed the Alleghany range and to have penetrated as far as the great Kanawha region. That the country between the Falls of the Appomattox and the James- town Settlement was becoming occupied with reasonable speed is shown by the dates of the formation of the adjacent counties, that of Surry hav- ing been laid off as early as 1652, while Prince George was carved from Charles City County in 1702, and Dinwiddie from Prince George in 1752. The Parish of Bristol, extending from the junction of the James and Ap- pomattox Rivers, was established in 1642, with its Parish Church at Ber- muda Hundred, opposite City Point, the old settlement of Sir Thomas Dale. The next place of worship erected in the Parish was probably the Ferry Chapel, which was followed in 1737 or 1738 by Blandford Church. But this is anticipating, and it is necessary to return for a brief space to- GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. the c-vev.ts connected with " Bacon's Rebellion,'' and the Indian hostilities of i675-''J. ^^ 1675, war was declared by Governor Berkeley against the Indians, who still dwelt in large numbers, and with some show of perma- nent establishment, around the Appomattox Falls. Five hundred mei^ CITY HALL AXD CLERK S OFFICE. were ordered to the frontier and eight forts were to be garrisoned. Among these, as we have seen, was Fort Henry, of which Major Peter Jones, of sacred memory, was appointed chief commander. The war flagged, as is known, and it was not till the following year (1676) that the Indians 14 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAI. round Fort Henry suffered a real and heavy blow. This they received at the hands of Nathaniel Bacon, distinguished as the first Virginia " rebel, " who had taken the field and begun a determined warfare upon the whole race. After sending Bland on his ill-fated expedition to Accomac, Bacon crossed the James River at his own plantation (Curie's) and surprised the Appomattox tribe of Indians, burning their town, killing many of their number and dispersing the rest. Passing to the south, General Bacon de- stroyed many Indian towns and lodges on the banks of the Meherrin, Not- toway and Roanoke Rivers. His name at that time inspired great terror among the redskins, who had lately been stimulated to unusual audacity and atrocity by the feeble proceedings of (Governor Berkeley. But Bacon was not to see the results of his vigorous measures, for he died the same year in (ioochland, leaving Drummond, Hansford, and others of his fol- lowers, to pay upon the scaffold the penalty of their singular " rebellion." Nothing of special importance appears to have occurred in this neigh- borhood, for many years immediately following the events last recorded. Peace and progress rewarded the efforts of the Colonists, and the settle- ment grew and flourished. In the year 1728, Col. Byrd stopped a night at the residence of Col. Boiling, and heard the Falls, " which," he says, " are very noisy whenever a flood happens to roll a greater stream than ordinary over the rocks" ; thus giving us a pleasing glimpse of the natu- ral resources of water-power which are yet, and for all time, to constitute a material element of the city's wealth and prosperity. Reference has al- ready been made to the birth of the city in 1 733, when Col. Wm. Byrd and his travelling companions " iaid the foundations" of Richmond and Petersburg. In October, 1748, while Gooch. was Governor of Virginia, the towns of Petersburg and Blandford were established by an Act of the General Assembly, upon lands owned and laid out by Abraham Jones and William Poythress, respectively, and in 1752, Pocahontas, in the County of Chesterfield, was similarly established. The Acts by which these towns were created very wisely prohibited the building of wooden chimneys within their corporate limits. The directors and trustees of the young town of Pocahontas were John Boiling, Richard Eppes, Clement Reade, Augustine Claiborne, William Kennon, John Archer, Richard Royal, Robert Kennon, and Roger Atkinson, gentlemen. The reader who is ac- quainted with the present population of the City will not fail to note the familiarity of these names. These gentlemen, however, could hardly have •consulted the oracles as to the future of their infant enterprise, for Poca- hiontas has never yet developed into a metropolis. The first mention of Dinwiddle County in the Colonial Statute-book bears date May, 1752. Five years later (1757) Blandford Lodge, A. F. and A. M. was chartered by the Grand Lodge of Scotland. The General Assembly in 1762 enlarged the boundaries of the town of Petersburg and gave explicit directions for the improvement of the added area, appointing GUIDE TO PETERSBURC, VA. 15 the following trustees to carry out the provisions of the Act : Robert Boiling, Roger Atkinson, William Eaton, John Banister, Robert Ruffin, Thomas Jones, Henry Walker, George Turnbull, and James Field. It was a part of the ofificial duty of these gentlemen " to regulate the streets of the said town," but the irregularities still observable in the older thor- oughfares would seem to indicate a considerable obliquity of vision among ST. PAUL'S (p. E.) CHURCH, UNION STREET. them. At this period the City seems to have been threatened with the fate of Cincinnati, for in three separate places does the Statute-book provide for the summary destruction of the peripatetic hog. PETERSBURG IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. The student of American history need not be told that after the action at Great Bridge, neir Norfolk, on the 9^1^ oi December, 1775, and the l6 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL flight of Diinmore from Virginia, to which he never returned, the Colony enjoyed an absolute immunity from the British armies until the last years of the War of Independence. This immunity was first broken in 1779, when a British fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir George Collier, entered Hamp- ton Roads and sailed up the Elizabeth River. This expedition, however «Iid not penetrate as far as Petersburg, but, after pillaging Portsmouth and destroying Suffolk, returned to New York. A more severe trial befell Virginia the next year, when a strong force under the command of the traitor Benedict Arnold was dispatched from New York to reduce the re- bellious Colony. Arnold, with his army of 800 men, proceeded up the James River as far as Burwell's Ferry, where he left a frigate and contin- ued the ascent to Westover and thence advanced upon Richmond. Up- to the time of his departure from Westover it was not known to Governor Jefferson whether Petersburg or Richmond would be the objective point of the invasion. A general alarm was sounded, but Arnold's movements had been so sudden and the panic so complete that the invaders met with but feeble opposition, and the colonial force which responded to the Gov- ernor's summons was not only small but also undisciplined and demoral- ized. Mr. Jefferson's talents were better suited to times of peace than to- moments of emergency and danger like the present, so, after throwing his. cannon into the James River, he fled precipitately, leaving the Capital at the mercy of the enemy. After destroying the public stores together with much private property, and sending his energetic lieutenant, Simcoe, on a similar mission to Westham, Arnold retired leisurely down the river to rejoin his shipping. A gallant demonstration on the part of the garrison of Petersburg dur- ing this campaign deserves mention. On the retreat of Arnold, some of the vessels of his fleet ventured up the Appomattox to a place known as Broadway, nine miles below Petersburg, where they were fiercely attacked by General Smalhvood with three hundred militia, and driven back to City Point. "Not content with this success," says Mr. Howison " Smalhvood brought up two four-pounders and opened upon the ships at the Point ; a fire which drove them down the river to join the main fleet '' The universal demoralization which followed this bold movement of Arnold's need not be dwelt upon here. The situation was neither hopeful nor creditable, and the outlook for next year's campaign, in which Peters burg was to be more directly interested, was far from encouraging. FREDERICK WILLIAM AUGUSTUS, BARON DE STEUBEN, Major-General in the United States Army, and Inspector-General was at this time in command of the forces at Petersburg. He had been a' soldier in the army of Frederick the Great, and served as an aide on the Kind's own staff. He was also a Canon of the Church. Refusing brilliant offL made h.m by the King of Sardinia and the Emperor of Austria this brave GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 17 soldier set sail for America and joined the Continental Army at Valley Forge, as a volunteer, and as such participated in the battle of Monmouth. He was a veteran disciplinarian and tactician, and was possessed also of the higher qualities and accomplishments of his profession. The Baron seems to have been detained at Petersburg while on his way to the South to join the army under General Greene, and it was reserved for him to defend the City in gallant style against the invading forces of Arnold and Phillips in the following April. ' On the 20th of January, 1781, Arnold reached Portsmouth in safety, although Governor Jefferson had offered a reward of five thousand guineas for his head, and was reinforced on the 26th of March, following, by ■General William Phillips, at the head of 2,000 men. General Phillips as- sumed command of the troops thus united, superseding Arnold, to the r ^limMi >wm PETERSBURG HARBOR AND POCAHONTAS BRIDGE. great satisfaction of the soldiers, by whom the traitor was cordially des- pised. On the 24th of April, 1781, the British forces, numbering 2,300 men, landed at City Point, and marched to Petersburg the next day. Baron Steuben, with only one thousand militia-men at his back, prepared to re- ceive the invaders. He took up his position near Old Blandford Church and calmly awaited the enemy's appearance. The Royal force arrived in sight at noon on the 25th and formed its line, the left flank extending apon-the plain near the^town. At 2 o'clock the advance was made in two columns, and' the brunt of the first onset was borne by a detachment of militia posted on the heights just beyond Blandford, under the command of Colonel Dick and Captain House, of Brunswick. This body behaved •with great gallantry and disputed the ground inch by inch, performing I» HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL f their manteuvres with remarkable steadiness while under fire. "'The ene- my," says Mr. Campbell, "were twice broken and ran like sheep, and during two hours advanced but one mile." The main body of the Ameri- cans posted at the Bollingbrook Warehouse, (about 200 yards east of the Norfolk (^c Western Passenger Depot of today), were finally flanked by four pieces of artillery, supported by a party of " Yagers," and compelled to retire across the river. The retreat of the Virginians was covered by some cannon which Steuben had posted on Archer's Hill, on the north bank of the Appomattox. From Baker's and Archer's Hills the Baron re- tired, with his arms, baggage and stores, to Chesterfield Courthouse, ten miles di-stant. Phillips, accompanied by Arnold, entered and took posses- sion of Petersburg, making his headquarters at Bollingbrook, the seat of the Boiling family, on East Hill. The loss of the Virginians, killed, wounded and captured, was estimated at sixty men ; that of the British at about the same number, including fourteen killed. -As the conquerors entered the town a large portion of the inhabitants made their escape. General Phillips and the officers of his staff are said to have treated with a good deal of courtesy their hostess, Mrs. Boiling, whom they always addressed as " Lady Boiling." Arnold is described as "a handsome man, who limped in his gait from a wound received at Saratoga. He was fond of caressing children and dandling them on his knee." The next day (April 26th) four thousand hogsheads of tobacco and the shipping in the river were burned, and these outrages were followed by many others of a similar character at Chesterfield Courthouse, Warwick, Osborne's and Manchester, including the wanton destruction of many dwellings. On arriving at Manchester, the British General learned that the Marquis de la Fayette, who had been assigned to the responsible duty of defending Virginia, was in command at Richmond with a small body of Continental troops, and that the militia were flocking to his standard in large numbers. This unwelcome news caused Phillips to change his plans entirely. He abandoned all thought of attacking the Capital, and marched away to Bermuda Hundred, burning mills, factories and shipping as he went. He there re-embarked his force and set sail down the James, but was met at Hog Island by dispatches ordering his return to Peters- burg, there to await Lord Cornwallis, who was on his march from the South. The British army reappeared at Petersburg so unexpectedly that they surprised and captured ten Continental officers, who were engaged in collecting boats to convey La Fayette across the Appomattox. The Mar- quis had not sufficient force at his command to prevent the junction of Phillips with Cornwallis, but before the latter's arrival appeared on the heights north of the town and opened fire with his artillery upon the in- vaders' headquarters. Phillips lay sick at Bollingbrook under this can- nonade, bitterly complaining that the rebels would not suffer him to die in peace. The fire was so heavy that it was deemed necessary to remove CUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 19. him to the cellar of the house, where, however, he did not die during the bombardment, as was once believed. It appears that La Fayette did not know of the General's illness, but fired at headquarters, which he knew ta be established at the Boiling mansion, in retaliation for the outrages which Phillips and Arnold had recently committed. General Phillips died on the 13th of May, and was buried in the southeast angle of the old and inner enclosure at Blandford. There, beneath a heavy shroud of ivy, re- poses one whom Jefferson described as " the proudest man of the proud- est nation on earth." One week after the death of Phillips (May 20th, 1781,) Cornwallis en- tered Petersburg, and after remaining there three or four days, crossed the m.^- CONFLUENCE OF THE APPOMATTOX AND JAI\IES RIVERS, AT CITY POINT.. James River at Westover, expecting to entrap and capture La Fayette and his force,niaving already written to his Government from Petersburg, "the boy cannot now escape me." How the wary young Frenchman succeeded in eluding the snares of the British commander and effecting his masterly- retreat does not relate to Petersburg's part in the Revolution, which ceased with the departure of Cornwallis. Local pride would perhaps be gratified if it could be stated that the real reason of his Lordship's hasty retirement from this vicinity was that he feared the enervating effects upon his war-worn veterans of a longer resi- dence in so charming a spot, which he feared might become his Capua^ 2 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL 'but, unfortunately for patriotic prejudices, history has dechned to pay the town this compliment, and has assigned other and more i)0sitive mo- tives for the British movement, as stated above. INCORPORATED. The town, which had been "established" in 174S, and enlarged in 1762, was formally incorporated in 17S4, and with it the adjacent settle- ments of Blandford, Pocahontas and Ravenscroft. The last named district included that triangular portion of the ancient town which lay between .'S)^camore, Halifax and Shore Streets, The system of government pro-' vided for by the new charter was characterized by its practical simplicity. Once a year on the first Wednesday in September, the freeholders, house- keepers, and inhabitants of the town possessing property of whatever kind -amounting to the value of fifty ponnds, were to meet at the house of Wm, Durrell, or other suitable place, to elect by ballot twelve fit and able men, ■who on the same or the second day thereafter were to organize the muni- cipal administration, consisting of a mayor, recorder, four aldermen and six common councilmen, whose term of official service was fixed at one year, subject to re-election. The usual powers and privileges were con- ferred upon this body with authority to establish laws and ordinances from time to time for the better ordering of the inhabitants of the town. A Court of Hustings was ordered to be held on the first Wednesday of each month. This appears to have been the prototype of the modern Corpo- ration Court, except that the jurisdiction of the magistrates did not ex- tend to penal cases, unless for breach of the municipal laws, when the pen- alty involved did not exceed ^10 sterling or 10,000 pounds of crop tobac- co. It is of early record, (1785), that this Court imposed a fine of forty shillings upon one Jacob Shafer for selling liquor on the Sabbath to "divers negroe slaves." In the same year the Court decreed that the " ordinaries," as the inns of that period were called, should serve the public at the following rates : Beefsteak, 18 pence; dinner and toddy, 3 shillings; lodging for the night, 8 pence; grog or toddy by the quart, 15 pence ; corn or oats, per gallon, i shilling ; fodder per bundle, till April next, 1% pence ; stabling, per night, 8 pence ; punch per quart, 2 shillings ; madeira wine, per bottle, 5 shillings ; claret, 3 shillings ; port, 3 shillings ; the same for Lisbon wine, and 2 shillings for beer, ale or porter. In January, 17S6, the Council respectfully rejected an application made by the Governor, Patrick Henry, for the accommodation of a number of penitentiary convicts in the city jail. The mayor's letter thanks the Gov- ernor for his " polite attention to the corporation," but "at the same time informs him that they do not choose to take charge of any criminals con- •deraned to servitude." GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. In 178S the nucleus of a fire department was formed by the organiza- tion of the Old Street Fire Company. One year later the Virginia Ga- zette and Petersburg Intelligencer made its appearance, with William Pren- tis, the pioneer of Petersburg journalism, as editor. ' GENERAL WASHINGTON'S VISIT. On the 14th of April, 1791, General George Washington, then serving his first term as President of the United States, arrived in Petersburg while making a tour through the South. He was met at Osborne's, in Chesterfield County, by a detachment of the local cavalry and escorted by them to the town. Elaborate preparations had been made for the suitable reception and entertainment of this distinguished guest. Triumphal arches were erected and a grand public banquet was provided by order of the Common Hall. There was an address by the Mayor, Richard Bate, in which the All-Wise Director of human events was prayed "to prolong- the life of the Father of his Country and friend of mankind to a far dis- 22 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL tant period." In his reply the President said : " The Government of the United States, originating in the wisdom, supported by the virtue, and hav- ing no other object than the happiness of the people, reposes not on the exertions of an individual ; yet, as far as integrity of intention may jus- tify the belief, my agency in the administration will be consonant to your favorable opinions, and my private wishes will always be preferred for the prosperity of Petersburg and the particular welfare of its inhabitants." An illumination, which formed a part of the programme for that night, was omitted for fear of fire. The following resolution, adopted by the Common Hall with reference to the banquet, is worthy of notice as illus- trating that the councilmen of that day, even amid the excitement of the festival preparations, kept a sharp eye on the municipal expense account ; " No gentleman is to invite more than two gentlemen to dine on Friday, and is (sic) to pay for the gentlemen they may invite." It was reserved, however, for Petersburg's special humiliation through all the time to come, that during this visit the hero of the "Cherry Tree Legend " should have departed, for the only recorded time in his other- wise spotless history, from the narrow and lonely path of uncompro- mising veracity. In referring to this deplorable event, in the Mozmt Ver- fion Papers, Mr. Everett pathetically sa5's : " The President started from Petersburg practicing a little artifice as to the time of his departure — of which I recollect no other instance in his whole career — and which, in- volving no departure from the strictest truth, and resorted to for the best of reasons, will not be blamed." The painful story can best be told in the illustrious backslider's own words, taken from his diary, which are as follows : " Friday, \%th. — Having suffered very much by the dust yesterday, and finding that parties of horse and a number of other gentlemen were in- tending to attend me part of the way to-day, I caused their enquiries re- specting the time of my setting out to be answered that I should endeavor to do it before 8 o'clock, but did it a little after 5, by which means I avoided the inconvenience above mentioned." The President's impression of the town will also prove interesting. He says : " Petersburg, which is said to contain near 3,000 souls, is well sit- uated for trade at present ; but when the James River navigation is com- pleated, and the cut from Elizabeth River to Pasquotank is effected, it must decline, and that very considerably. At present it receives at the inspections nearly a third of the tobacco exported from the whole State, besides a considerable quantity of wheat and flour — much of the former being manufactured at the miHs near the town. Chief of the buildings in this town are under the hill, and unpleasantly situated ; but the heights around it are agreeable." From this it will be seen that Washington was by no means an infalli- ble prophet, for neither did the population of Petersburg fall off, nor was GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 23 his beloved scheme of James River navigation ever "compleated." At the time of Washington's visit, Winfield Scott, one of the four in- dividuals who were to succeed to his title of Lieutenant-General, was a child of five years, living in Dinwiddle County, within a few miles of Pe- tersburg. The cause of education was dear to the former citizens of Petersburg, as it is to her inhabitants of to-day. In December, 1794, was founded a classical school which enjoyed the dignity of being incorporated and dubbed ''The Academy." This institution ranked among the first of its kind, and quickly established itself in the confidence of the State at large. Its legitimate successors are to be found in the excellent semina- ries for which the modern City is justly famous. Towards the close of the year 1795 the General Assembly adopted an Act " to amend the amendments passed for opening and extending the THE OLD MARKET HOUSE. navigation of the Appomattox River from Bannister's Mills as far as prac- ticable." This legislation led to the incorporation of the Upper Appo- mattox Company, which forms the subject of a separate article at the conclusion of this sketch. Between the date of its establishment as a navigable stream and the opening of the Southside Railroad, the Upper Appomattox Canal was a most useful highway of trade, and the greater part of the tobacco and wheat which found its way to our market came across the levees at the head of High Street. On the 1 2th of April, 1800, the good — perhaps it would be more correct to say the <^a^— people of the town were very much startled and dis- turbed by the mysterious falling from the sky, in considerable quantities, of a yellow powder resembling brimstone. Moral accounts were hastily balanced in nervous anticipation of some ghastly issue, but as nothing unusual followed, the phenomenon was soon forgotten and its supposed 24 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL warning disregarded. At this time the population of Petersburg was estimated at 3,4go — 1,500 white and 1,900 colored. At the beginning of this century the Petersburgers appear to have been magnanimously impartial in their reception and treatment of public men, for Aaron Burr, at the expiration of his Vice-Pre?idential term, and when he was practically ostracised by the nation on account of his duel with Hamilton, was given a grand public bancjuet, a*; he passed thi'ough the town on his way to the Southwest, where he was soon afterwards engaged in schemes of treason. Blandford was then the most important portion of the town, and car- ried on a large export and import trade direct with the Old World. Among its principal enterprises was the nail factory of Roderick Haffey, the first one established in this section of the country. The hegira of its inhabitants across the valley to Petersburg was begun in 1802, the pres- ent City having by that time outgrown the sister corporations of Bland- ford and Pocahontas, which thenceforth maintained the more modest re- lation of suburbs to their successful rival. Old Blandford Church was not used as a place of worship after 1803, from which date it rapidly went to decay. The familiar lines commencing : "Thou art crumbling to the dust, old pile," * addressed to the ancient building, have been ascribed to the pens of sev- eral more or less distinguished authors and poets, but the preponderance of testimony favors the popular theory that they were composed by the Irish tragedian, Tyrone Power, who spent a few days here immediately before the lines were discovered, written in pencil upon the dilapidated wall. The Petersburg Bar was very brilliant at this period, and numbered among its ornaments " Lawyer Davy Robertson," John Allison, Thomas Boiling Robertson, Winfield Scott, " Jack Baker," George Keith Taylor, Benjamin Watkins Leigh, J. A. Dunn, William Rose, and R. T. Birchett, all talented men, the last named of whom was accidentally drowned in Maryland while still very young. *The following verses were found written on the wall of the old Church in 1841, with no positive clue to their authorship : Thou art crumbling to the dust, old pile. How doth ambition's hope take wing, Thou art hastening to thy fall, How droops the spirit now ! And "round thee in thy loneliness We hear the distant city's din ; Clings the ivy to thy wall. The dead are mute below. The worshippers are scattered now The sun that shone upon their paths Who knelt before thy shrine, Now gilds their lonely graves ; And silence reigns where anthems rose . The zephyr which once fanned their brows In days of " Auld Lang Syne." The grass above them waves. And sadly sighs the wandering wind O ! could we call the many back Where oft, in years gone by, Who"ve gathered here in vain,— Prayers rose from many heaits to Him, Who've careless roved where we do now. The Highest of the High ; Who'll never meet again : The tramp of many a busy foot How would our very souls be stirred, That sought thy aisles, is o'er, To meet the earnest gaze And many a weary heart around Of the lovely and the beautiful Is still for evermore. The lights of other days I A Stranger. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 25 Two local dramatists also flourished about this time, John D. Burk, his- torian and lawyer, who beguiled his leisure hours by writing a drama en- titled "Bethlehem Gebo," and Everard Hale, of Blandford, who was in- spired to the production of '• Nolens Volens ; or the Biter Bit." These effusions were performed on the stage of the Petersburg Theatre by the •" Thespians," an amateur dramatic association. THE BURK-COQUEBEKT DUEL. In April, 1808, occurred one of the most tragic episodes in the history of the City. It resulted in the death, under "the Code," of John Daly Burk at the hands of a young Frenchman named Felix Coquebert, whose fatal bullet cut short a career which would furnish tempting material for RESIDENCE OF GEORGE CAMERON ESQ., SOUTH SYCAMORE STREET. a novelist. While an undergraduate of Trinity College, Dublin, Burk had been obliged to fly for his life on account of his obnoxious political opinions and his foolhardy attempt to rescue a prisoner who was about to be executed under sentence of a court-martial. He landed in Boston in 1796 and made an unsuccessful venture there as a journalist, after which he removed to Virginia and settled in Petersburg. Here he embarked upon a semi-political and literary career, and his famous History of Vir- ginia was abruptly closed at the account of the Revolution by his sad death. His slayer, Coquebert, had been for many years a resident of the town, where his polished grace of manner and gentlemanly bearing had ■earned for him a high place in popular favor. On Saturday, April 9th, 26 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL Burk and the young Frenchman were dining together at Powell's, the fashionable tavern of the day. The conversation turned upon European politics, and Burk vigorously denounced the French Government for its insolence in dealing with his adopted country. "What will cavillers against the Administration say now ?" he exclaim- ed, " What will they say to the letter of General Armstrong in answer to the arrogant note of Mons. Champagny ? I am in hopes that when they read the honest, manly and luminous remarks of an American citizen, in repudiation of the pretentions of the French rascals, they will have hon- esty and modesty enough to withdraw their accusations and be silent, for the French area nation of scoundrels." Coquebert enquired whether these observations were intended to apply to him, and was haughtily informed that as he had chosen to intrude upon the conversation, he might take the above remarks as he pleased. In eighteen hundred and eight, there could be but one sequel to such an al- tercation in Virginia. On the following day Coquebert sent a challenge, which was promptly accepted by the hot-blooded Irishman. They fought at sunrise on the ensuing Monday in a ravine near Fleet's Hill, which now forms a portion of the Normal School grounds. The seconds were Richard Thweatt for Burk, and a Mr. McNae for Coquebert. The weapons chosen were regulation duelling pistols, and the distance ten paces. At the first fire Burk fell dead, shot through the heart. Coque- bert and McNae fled from Petersburg, where they were never seen again. Burk's funeral was the occasion of one of the largest civic and military processions the town had ever witnessed. He was buried at Cedar Grove, near Mount Airy. Another noteworthy'duel had been fought near Petersburg in Novem- ber, 1795, between John Jeffreys and a gentleman named Johnson, in which the former was killed. THE WAR OF 1812. Nothing of general interest again occurs in the history of the town until the breaking out of the war with Great Britain, when Petersburg was called upon to^furnish her quota of troops for the invasion of Cana- da. On October 12th, 1812, the "Petersburg Volunteers," one hundred and three strong, were organized, with the following commissioned and non-commissioned officers : Richard McRae, captain ; William Tisdale and Henry Gary, lieutenants ; Shirley Tisdale, ensign ; James Stevens, Robert B. Cook, Samuel Stevens and John Henderson, sergeants ; and N. B. Spotswood, John Perry, Joseph Scott, Thomas G. Scott, Joseph C. Noble and G. T. Clough, corporals. Before starting for the front, the corps was presented with a handsome stand of colors by the ladies of the town. This command served under General (afterwards President) William H. Harrison, and received its baptism of fire on May 5th, 181 3,. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 27 at the battle of Fort Meigs, where five of the brave fellows were slain. The part borne by the City in this war was conspicuous and honorable, and earned for her the proud title of the Cockade City, — a soubriquet which she still nobly justifies — conferred by President Madison himself. The following testimonial from the Commander-in-Chief will always be read by our citizens with pride and interest : TABB STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AND MANSE. Headquarters, Detroit, 17th October, 1813. General Orders. The term of service for which the Petersburg Volunteers engaged hav- ing expired, they are permitted to commence their march to Virginia as soon as they can be transported to the south side of the lake. In granting a discharge to this patriotic and gallant corps, the general feels at a loss for words adequate to convey his sense of their exalted merits. Almost exclusively composed of individuals who had been nursed in the lap of ease, they have for twelve months borne the hardships and privations of military life in the midst of an inhospitable wilderness, with a cheerfulness and alacrity which has never been surpassed. Their con- duct in the field has been excelled by no other corps ; and while in camp 28 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL they have set an example of subordination and respect for military au- thority to the whole army. The General requests Captain McRae, his subalterns, non-commissioned officers and privates to accept his warmest thanks, and bids them an affectionate farewell. By command ' Roisert Butler, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. Captain McRae died in Ma}-, 1854, under unfortunate and suspicious circumstances. His body was found in the Potomac River, near the mouth of Aquia Creek, with wounds about the head, which suggested violence. His remains were brought to Petersburg and interred with military honors in Blandford Cemetery, where a granite shaft, surmount- ed by a bronze eagle, and inscribed with his company's glorious record, marks his last resting place. The mystery of his death was never clear- ed up. Mr. Reuben Clements, the last survivor of the gallant band who fought at Fort Meigs, died in Petersburg on the 6th of October, 1881, at the ad- vanced age of 90 years. THE GREAT FIRE. The history of Petersburg, like that of nearly every American town, furnishes the record of a great conflagration. On July i6th, 1815, an old wooden stable, between Bollingbrook and Back (now Lombard) Streets, was found to be on fire, and a few hours later two-thirds of the town was reduced to ashes. From Back Street to the river the flames had swept everything before them, including the west side of Sycamore Street. Five hundred houses were destroyed and not a dozen substantial business build- ings were left standing. The loss was estimated at nearly $3,000,000, and several human lives were .sacrificed. After the fire the citizens acted with admirable spirit, and an appeal to the other towns of the Common- wealth and the country at large, on behalf of the homeless sufferers, met with a generous response. Rebuilding was promptly begun, and a much improved Petersburg speedily arose from the debris under the busy hands of a thousand workmen. The streets in several instances were straight- ened and paved, the new houses were constructed of more substantial and less combustible material, and the citizens were shortly enabled to recog- nize in what they had at first regarded as a dire disaster, something nearly akin to a smoke-veiled blessing. THE ANDERSON SEMINARY. In 1819 there died in Petersburg a worthy Scotchman named David Anderson, who had bequeathed to the town, by his will, dated June i6th, 181 2, a sum of money, the income of which, amounting to abont $600, was to he applied to the rudimentary education of the poor children of the town. To tiiis annuity was added 6!2oo, obtained by the City from the GUIDE TO PETESBURG, VA. 29 Literar}^ Fund each year. Under the present common school system the largest seminary^in the City still bears the name of the generous Scot who first promoted the cause of learning among the poor of Petersburg. THE ADAMS-BOISSEAU DUEL. In 1820 the City's annals are darkened for the third time by the record of a hostile meeting, having a fatal termination, under the barbarous and now, fortunately, almost obsolete " Code of Honor." On this occasion two of the most energetic and thrifty business men in the community, Adams and Boisseau by name, were lival claimants for the affections of JMiss Helen Pennington, a famous beauty and the acknoAvledged belle of her day. The immediate cause of the challenge was an assault made by Boisseau upon Adams with a whip, but the reason for this assault has never been exulained. The rivals, as was usual in such cases, referred 30 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL their quarrel to the arbitrament of an ounce of lead, and, for once " sat- isfaction " was meted out to both appellants with grim impartiality. Adams at the time of the attack was in feeble health, and as his assailant was as- sisted by a friend named Strong, his punishment was severe. He swore, however, to be revenged or die in the attempt. His challenge was at once accepted by Boisseau, and the meeting took place in due course. A shel- tered spot in the rear of Blandford Church had been selected, and thither the duellists proceeded in carriages, accompanied by their seconds, and followed at a distance by Boisseau 's aged father. Agreeablv to the deadly purpose of the combatants, the usual ten paces were reduced to seven, and the principals were placed back to back. At the word " fire," Adams wheeled and shot his antagonist through the body, and the latter, although mortally stricken, succeeded in discharging his pistol and inflicting a fatal wound upon his rival. After this effort Boisseau fell dead, and Adams ex- pired on the following morning — and thus it happened that the fair Helen lost both her lovers by one cruel blow. This tragic affair caused the most intense excitement, and the seconds, against whom the popular wrath was directed, only saved themselves from summary vengeance by a hasty flight into North Carolina. LA FAYETTE'S VISIT. The most notable event of the year 1824 was the visit of the Marquis de La Fayette. In consequence of the conspicuous part he had played in the history of the town during the Revolution, the Marquis had always been an object of affectionate interest to its inhabitants, and the reception accorded "the hero of two worlds" was a perfect ovation. A troop of horse met him far beyond the corporation limits and his arrival was at- tended with all the "pomp and circumstance" of a triumphal entry. The evidences of happiness and prosperity which now met him on all sides must have contrasted vividly with the recollections of his former visit, when he had overlooked the conquered town from behind the trunnions of his field pieces, planted on the heights of Chesterfield. Some such retro- spect now engaged the veteran's mind, for, in replying to ihe Mayor's ad- dress of welcome, he said: "I have had in former times to lament the necessity, in the course of military operations, to disturb the repose of the good town of Petersburg while it had become a British headquarter, but in this very circumstance found new opportunities to witness her patriot- ism." After being formally presented to the Common Hall, the Marquis, and his suite were entertained at a magnificent banquet, and Niblo's tavern resounded until a late hour with eloquent and enthusiastic orations in praise' of " our honored guest." Next day the Marquis was escorted to the Pop- lar Lawn, where four hundred children of Anderson School chanted their welcome. After receiving this graceful tribute of love and veneration, the- noble Frenchman bade our town a last farewell and pursued his journey — GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 3^ "a. man," in the language of a local reporter, "than whom his superior does not dwell beneath the vaulted roof of Heaven." A fatal quarrel on the day of La Fayette's reception, during which Raleigh Rosser was killed by Robert Finn, disturbed to some extent the harmony of the re- joicings, Finn eventually escaped the gallows, thanks to a flaw in his in-- dlctment. THE FIRE OF 1826. On the 15th of July in this year a vast throng of worshippers assem- bled i:\ Old Blandford Church to do honor to the memory of Thomas Jefferson, who had died eleven days previously. The venerable " Par- son " Andrew Syme, Rector of St. Paul's, had just ascended the pulpit. BOLLINGBROOK HOTEL ; M. A. PETTIT, PROPRIETOR. and given out a hymn when the fire-bells of the town sounded the alarm.. The congregation, which, including the military, numbered about two- thousand, rushed panic-stricken from the sacred edifice. By a curious and suggestive coincidence, this was the anniversary of the conflagration of i8i5,and the horrors of that time seemed about to be repeated. The fire had broken out in the same quarter as before, but as the later bui Id- ings were of brick, the flames did not make such rapid headway, and after several houses in the line of the fire had been blown up with gunpowder, — the most efl"ective extinguisher known at that time, before the powerful modern steam fire-engines were invented — the career of the destructive- 32 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL element was checked, and the commemoration services, which had been !nterriii)ted at Hlandford, were concluded at the theatre. THE MFXHANICS" ASSOCIATION. On the evening preceding La Kayette's visit, the representative me- •chanics of the town met at the shop of M. I). I'Anson, on Bank Street, for the purpose of uniting upon some plan to testify their apj)reciation of the distinguished visitor's presence, but when the news came that he would arrive on the morrow, the design was abandoned for want of time to com- plete the necessary arrangements. The meeting, however, was not with- out its useful and permanent results, for it led to the organization of a mutual improvement society, which was duly incorporated on February and, 1S26, under the name and style of the Petersburg Benevolent Me- chanic Association. For the past sixty years this most excellent confra- ternity has exercised a useful and beneficent influence upon the commu- nity, and a brief sketch of its origin, objects and attainments will be given hereafter under a separate heading. THE PETERSBURC. RAILROAD COMPANY, -one of the earliest corporations of its kind in the country, secured its -charter on February loth, 1S30. For the purposes of the present narra- tive and to avoid a hiatus in the ch'ronological arrangement of events, it is sufficient to merely record here the fact of the Company's incorpora- tion ; but the history of this and other railroads having direct influence upon the City's interests will be treated at some length in a special article devoted to that subject. NAT TURNER'S INSURRECTION. In the year 1S30 occurred one of those startling incidents wliich are calculated to terrify the stoutest hearts and to leave an indelible impres- sion upon the minds and nerves of a whole community. About forty miles from the town, in the neighboring county of Southampton, there had been brooding, unsuspected, a most insidious and powerful enemy to society, which suddenly revealed its existence under circumstances of un- paralleled horror and atrocity. Under cover of the night, and without a note of warning, the negro insurrection, under Nat Turner, which was in- tended to involve the whole slave population of the South, broke out near the village of Jerusalem. Turner inaugurated his fiendish work by the •!)utchery of his master's family and the white residents of the adjoining plantations. The news of this horrible disaster spread like wild-fire from •end to end of Virginia, and the districts in which the presence of a pre- ponderating slave population would seem to justify the fears of midnight massacres, were thrown into a state of almost helpless panic. In Peters- burg the most intense excitement prevailed, and the citizens hastily pre- pared to render such succor as could be spared to the scattered white pop- GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 33-. ulation of the rural districts, in the event of a general uprising on the part of the slaves. The volunteer companies were kept under arms, for, in the absence of rapid and reliable means of communication, the wild- est rumors were circulated and believed. The usually careless and happy life of the strolling darkey troubadour was not an enviable one at this time, for he ran the risk of being mistaken for a bloodthirsty conspirator and dealt with accordingly. Universal terror was caused on one occa- sion by some thoughtless fellow blowing a horn in the street at night. A salvo of artillery from the British batteries in the stormy days of the Rev- olution, could hardly have created such consternation as did this silly- blast, in which timid ears distinguished the savage yells of Turner's sable host. But fortunately the insurgents were neither well armed nor well disciplined, and the insurrection was suddenly crushed when one of the miscreants was killed with a charge of squirrel shot, by a planter whose J4 HISTORICAL AND INPUSTRIAL premises were attacked. A few weeks later, Nat Turner, the desperate author of the riot, was captured, and in due course tried, convicted and hanged. Petersburg and its vicinity have always been conspicuously blessed in their freedom from malignant epidemic diseases, but by some mysterious agency the cholera germ found its way here in the year 1832, and created no little alarm among our citizens. Rarely had this scourge appeared on the Atlantic slope, and the people were naturally very much affrighted at its presence. But the temi)erate climate and pure air of Virginia are not conducive to the establishment or spread of infectious diseases, and the unwelcome visitor disappeared after exacting but few victims. The sec- ond and last visitation of cholera occnrred in 1847, when its ravages were even less fatal than in 1832. INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS. In the same year (1832) the Merchants' Manufacturing Company was incorporated, to manipulate cotton, flax, wool and hemp, with a capital stock of not less than $40,000, nor more than §80,000, and the charter was to endure for twenty years. The Petersburg Fire and Marine Insur- ance Company followed in 1834, with a capital of $100,000, with the right to increase it to $300,000. By an Act of 1835, the Petersburg mili- tia were attached to the Fifteenth Brigade, Stale troops. The Petersburg Navigation Company was organized to establish a line of packets (the packet of that day was a small sailing vessel, sloop or schooner rigged) to ply between Petersburg and New York, or other Northern ports in the United States, with stock of from §40,000 to Sioo,ooo; and almost simul- taneously the Petersburg Savings Institution was incorporated under the auspices of J. E. Lemoine, D. Lyon, C. F. Osborne, J. Y. Stockdell, John Dunn, N. M. Moore, A. G. Mcllwaine, John Bragg, B. C. Wheary, Benja- min Jones, Joseph Bragg, A. S. Holderby, H. P. Heath, John C. Hob- son, James Macfarland, Jr., T. N. Lee, Robert Leslie, Lewis Mabry, M. Thrift, Edwin James, D'Arcy Paul, Samuel Winfree, and Andrew Kevan. In 1839 the Petersburg Exchange was incorporated, and in the same year the Petersburg Towing Company was chartered, to navigate the Appo- mattox and James Rivers. The incorporators of the Petersburg Exchange were Leslie & Bryden, L. E. Stainback, Son & Co.. Dunn, Mcllwaine <.\: Brownly, David Dunlop, T. N. Lee, and D'Arcy Paul. A handsome struc- ture, still known as the Exchange Building, was erected on Bank Street, but the Exchange system was not popular with the merchants of the day, and, after a brief life, the enterprise languished. It was revived in 1S58, but only for a very short time, after which it was finally suspended. The Exchange Building was occupied just before the civil war by the Bank of the City of Petersburg. The career of the old Petersburg Academy had le.Mi brought to a close in 1S35, when the Legislature authorized the trustees to transfer all its property, real and personal, to the Anderson Seminary. In 183S its place was taken and worthily supplied by the Petersburg Classical Institute. It was at this excellent school that the middle-aged Petersburger of today obtained his knowledge of Pike's Arithmetic and the Latin Grammar, and its memory is often recalled with pious veneration — not unmixed, it may be, with an occasional twinge of something more substantial than that mere mental faculty which retains the knowledge of past events. The old building, once occupied by the Institute and presided over by Principal .Saunders, is now used as a Public High School. JEWISH SYNAGOGUE, UNION STREET. It will be seen that the decade immediately following the exciting events of 1832 had passed by in unbroken tranquility. Abundant capital had sought investment and numerous enterprises had been successfully em- barked. As an inevitable consequence, the town had improved during that period beyond precedent. The question which most agitated the public mind in 1842 was that of the water supply. For twenty years the lower part of the town had been supplied by the Aqueduct Company with a limited quantity of spring water, but this was no longer adequate to the demands of the increasing population, nor was it compatible with the ex- •j6 HISTDRICAI. AND INDUSTKIAI- istence of an efficient Fire Department. The Common Hall was author- ized to levy a tax and proceed to lay pipes from the Basin of the Upper Appomattox Company, whence it was thought a sufficient supply of water could be obtained ; but a much more elaborate and satisfactory plan was afterwards adopted, which has, except only in rare seasons of protracted drought, always assured to the town a plentiful service of pure and whole- some water. Reservoirs were constructed on the elevated land near the southern boundary of the city, below which flows the limpid source of supply — " Lieutenant Run." These reservoirs were not completed, how- ever, until^i856. Henry D. Eird was the engineer in charge and super- intended thei'' construction, which resulted mainly from the energetic la- bors, in that behalf, of the Hon. R. Kidder Meade, for many years a member of Congress from this district, and a gentleman who had ac- quired a strong hold upon the popular affections. The name of Powell, it seems, was still the right one to conjure with in connection with the hotel business, for in 1843 the Powell's Hotel Com- pany was incorporated with a considerable capital, subscribed by A. G. Mcllwaine, D'Arcy Paul, (George W. Boiling, William Talley, and William Brownly. Old Powell's Tavern had been destroyed by fire a short time previously. The hotel, like the ancient hostelry it succeeded, stood upon the site now occupied by the Iron Front Building. THE SUICn)E OF ANTOMATTI. One event of the year 1844 was attended by circumstances of such tragic interest that the story will be told in detail. Francis Antomatti, a handsome young Italian, kept a fruit and confectionery store on Sycamore Street. His gentle manners and excellent reputation had borne their le- gitimate harvest, and he had won the general favor of the community. At this time a little colony of French and Italians resided within our city's limits. Camillo Pucci, a wandering Corsican harpist, had dropped into the town several years before, with no visible property save his harp, and no prospect of a career other than that precarious one dependent upon his power, as a musician, to excite the sympathies and command the charity of his audience. But a certain Miss Qulnechet, the daughter of a repu- table French family, saw, heard, and straightway loved the humble trou- badour, whom she married in spite of the strong opposition of her pa- rents, The issue of this union was a daughter, Zenobia, who figures as the heroine of this romantic story. Contemporaneous authorities credit this young lady with many conspicuous and fascinating graces, and these were not likely to escape the notice of the susceptible confectioner, Anto- matti. Other bonds of sympathy already existed between Antomatti, the Italian, and Pucci, the Corsican. Strangers, both, in a strange land, their natural affinities had ripened into warm friendship, and the young Italian ■was received into the Corsican's family circle on terms of the closest in- GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 37 timacy. As time rolled on, he learned to love the fair Zenojia, and it was generally thought that his passion was reciprocated, for the handsome pair were betrothed and expected to be married. Matters went on smoothly for a while, and Antomatti was devoted in his attentions to his sweetheart, in whose charming society his evenings were mostly spent. Gradually, however, the usually buoyant spirits of the young confectioner showed signs of strong but unaccountable depression, which were attributed by some to rumored embarrassment in his business affairs, while others sus- pected that a rival had supplanted him in his charmer's affection. How- custom HOUSE AND POST OFFICE. ever this may have been, poor Antomatti was desperately unhappy, and decided upon putting an end to his wretched existence. Selecting the venerable ruin of Blandford Church as the scene of the intended tragedy, he calmly proceeded thither on July 29th, and seeking the solitude of the north transept, deliberately placed the muzzle of a loaded pistol to his temple and inflicted upon himself a mortal wound. The old harpist, un- able to find him at his store and probably"suspecting that his prospective son-in-law had become the victim of self-inflicted violence, made his way 38 'historical anu industrial to Blandford, where the ghastly truth lay revealed. Antomatti still lived, and for forty-eight hours his sufferings were intense. Ten minutes before his death he called for a mirror, and after glancing at the reflection of his distorted features, pronounced his case hopeless, turned his face to the wall and quietly expired. POPLAR LAWN, recently renamed Central Park, was purchased by the City in 1844 for 315,000. The New Market (Centre) was established in 1845. The lot upon part of which it stands cost the City ^5,000. Other portions were sold not long afterwards for sufficient to defray the cost of the whole original purchase. In the same year the City extended its boundaries so as to include thirty acres of land in Prince George County, lying east of Bland ford Cemetery. THE MEXICAN WAR. Petersburg furnished two companies of gallant fellows to swell the vol- unteer force which represented the power of the United States in the war with Mexico, and which utterly crushed the military establishment of that unfortunate Republic in two short campaigns. One was commanded by Captain (afterwards Colonel) Fletcher H. Archer, and the other by Cap- tain William N. Robinson. Captain Archer's company was organized on the 3rd of December, 1846, and on the 14th of the same month was mus- tered into the service of the United States at Richmond. Captain Rob- inson's company was organized about a month later. The aggregate en- rollment of the two companies was about one hundred and seventy men. Captain Archer's company was the first to leave. On the afternoon of Saturday, the 2nd of January, 1847, the day before it was to set out for the rendezvous at Old Point, the ladies of the town, through their chosen orator, Judge James H. Gholson, presented the command with a hand- some flag, and the Captain was given a sword by his fellow-members of the Petersburg Bar. Lieutenants Franklin Pegram, D. A. Weisiger and P. A. Patterson were also presented with swords by the admiring citizens. On the following morniug, about 7 o'clock, the volunteers, escorted by all the military companies of the town, were at the depot of the City Point Railroad. The scene is thus described by William R. Drinkard, the edi- tor of the Republican : " Captain Archer arranged his men in double ranks, the front rank facing the rear in open order, through which the military and citizens, commanded by Captain Hugh A. Garland, passed, shaking hands with every man of the volunteers amid a torrent of scald- ing tears, asking God to bless them in such terms as tumultuous hearts and almost palsied tongues would allow. It was a moment of deep and painful interest — one at which strongmen could weep with impunity — one at which the sobs and shrieks of women could be heard — all knowing the cause and sympathizing with the gentle sufferers. The old and better* GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 39 tried Canada volunteer, looking back to the past and forward to the fu- ture, could but weep. The very servants who had waited upon and been acquainted with these young men, went through the corps crying ' Good bye, master ; God bless you master.' A farewell salute was fired and then long and loud cheers announced that the last moment had arrived. A last embrace, a kiss, another ' good-bye,' and amid the waving of hats and handkerchiefs, the bitter tqars and agonizing sobs of friends, the vol- unteers said ' farewell.' " On January 20th, this company set sail from FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, WASHINGTON STREET. Old Point on board the barque "Mayflower," and after a short delay on the island of Cuba, proceeded to Mexico and ascended the Rio Grande to Camargo, where it was temporarily stationed. Captain Robinson's com- pany followed about a month later, taking the same route and stopping at the same station. From Camargo the Petersburg volunteers advanced to Monterey, and thence, via Saltillo, to Buena Vista, which place was not reached, however, until after the battle. Our two companies formed a part of the ''Army of Occupation," under General Zachary Taylor, hold- 40 HISIORICAI, AND INDUSTRIAL in^ the lines in the neighborhood of Buena Vista and Saltillo until the close of the war. Several members of the command being on detached service, participated in more than one engagement, and many fell victims to the malignant fevers peculiar to that climate. After an absence of eighteen months the two companies returned to Virginia and were mus- tered out of service in August, 1848, at Old Point, whence they reached home shortly afterwards and were given a royal reception by their friends and the towns-people generally. A great feast was spread in Centre Warehouse, and the returned volunteers were made the happy subjects of eloquent speeches and innumerable toasts expressive of unbounded ap- preciation and cordial welcome. The present gas-works were constructed in 1848. Seven years pre- viously the Petersburg Cias Light Company had been incorporated with Thomas Wallace, Hen'-y White, Dugger, Jones & Co., Joseph Orr, James Macfarland, Robert Ritchie, Robert Leslie and Daniel Foster as its incor- porators. .Vt first a capital^of 515,000 to $50,000 was authorized, in shares of $50 each ; afterwards, in 1849, ^^^ company was permitted to increase its stock to a sum not less than $60,000 nor more than $120,000. The Common Hall, according to the terms of its contract with the Company, could have taken the enterprise into its own hands at any time within ten years after its inception, but the venture was too experimental to be re- garded at the time as a safe investment, and the cautious, practical men then having charge of the municipal government were afraid to take even an ordinary business risk with the people's money. The growth and de- velopment of the City have greatly enhanced the value of the Company's .stock, although for the fjrst ten years it paid no dividend. About 184S it was found necessary to make a large addition to Bland- ford Cemetery. The tide of emigration in that direction has always been steady, if slow, and it is estimated that nearly thirty thousand people lie buried within the present enclosure. The death is recorded, on February loth, 1849, at Mobile, Alabama, in the seventy-seventh year of his age, of Col. Wm. R. Johnson, of Oak- land, Chesterfield County, and a former resident, for many years, of this City. His success in horse-racing, then the favorite amusement of all classes, had gained for him the soubriquet oi "The Napoleon of the Turf." He was a gentleman of remarkable power and influence, and was even reckoned the most popular man that ever lived in Petersburg. Many of his victories ^were achieved on the New Market race course in Prince George County, about a mile and a half from the City, which was. under the management of Thomas Branch, and afterwards of O. P. Hare, the centre of the racing interest of Southside Virginia.' THE NEW CHARTER OF l.Srx). By an Act of March i6th, 1850, the " town" of Petersburg was promo- cd to the dignity of a Cnv. At first the ISLiyor was elected, as of old, GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 4X by the Council ; but this was afterwards changed to the people's vote. The new charter was put to the popular vote on the 5th of November,_ and adopted by the following majority: For ratifying the Act, 151; against it, 109 ; for electing the Mayor by the people, 208 ; for electing the Mayor by the Council, 59. John Dodson was the first Mayor elected by the voice of the people. The provisions of the act are very lengthy and labored, but do not differ from the ordinary details of municipal charters. Qualified voters were described as "freeholders of lots within the said city, whether improved or not, and whether said freeholders re- side therein or not, and the housekeepers and also the inhabitants of the said city who shall have resided therein for the next preceding one twelve months, such housekeepers or inhabitants possessing in their own right, within the same, movable or immovable property to the value of $\'-)0 ; VIEW IN WEST-END PARK. and such freeholders, housekeepers and inhabitants being citizens of the United States." In April, 1852, the charter was amended so as to make the following officers eligible by the popular vote : Collector of Taxes, Chamberlain, Ganger, Keeper of the Powder Magatzine, Keeper of the Hay Scales, Clerk of the Market and Commissioner of Streets. The du- ties of these functionaries are prescribed very exactly in the act, and the City Council was made a " Returning Board " to determine the results of elections. Intense excitement was aroused by the killing, in the spring of 1853, of Joel H. Sturdivant, the city jailor, by a man named Saddler, who was im- prisoned on the charge of kidnapping. Saddler was of good family, and being desperately anxious to avoid the shame and scandal of conviction, he procured in some way a pistol, shot Mr. Sturdivant dead, and wound- ed " Old George," an assistant about the jail. The tragedy happened on a Sunday morning, while people were at church. As soon as the dark _^2 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL news was bruited, the town turned out in pursuit, en masse. The pursuers soon closed on the fugitive, and he, seeing that capture was inevitable, shot and killed himself in their presence with one of the charges yet re- maining in his pistol. A shallow pit was dug. into which the dead body, still warm, was tumbled. The Petersburg and Jerusalem Plank Road Company was chartered by the Legislature in 1853. The road to Jerusalem— the county town of Southampton County— is still called, much to the amusement of strangers, the Plank Road, although not a vestige of its original plank surface re- mains. In the same year a charter was obtained for the Petersburg Li- brary Association by A. D. Banks, John B. Stevens, Thos. S. Gholson and W. L. Watkins. For a long time this was the only public circulating library in the City, and its shelves furnished nearly all the mental pabulum en- joyed by a whole generation. The handsome Library Building on the corner of Sycamore and BoUingbrook Streets was destroyed by fire in 1878, and p large number of the books were consumed or ruined. The building was not restored as a library, and the property passed into private hands. In 1855 the United States acquired possession of the lot on the corner of Union and Tabb Streets and erected thereon the present beauti- ful and substantial structure used as a Custom House and Post Office. The fine grey granite of which it is built was taken from the Whitworth quar- ries in Dinwiddie County, near the City. COX'S SNOW. On the 1 8th of January, 1857, the heaviest fall of snow ever witnessed in this latitude blocked all the roads so that travel was almost impossible, and brought the ordinary occupations of out-door life to a stand-still. Fences and hedges disappeared. This condition of affairs, in which an in- habitant of the great Northwest would have felt thoroughly at home, caused much inconvenience and even suffering to a community accus- tomed to mild winters and a light snow-fall. Dr. Joseph E. Cox, of Din- widdie, while out driving with his friend, Mr. Traylor, was overtaken by the storm and fatally frozen before he could reach shelter. His compan- ion was severely frost-bitten, but survived his injuries, and in time recov- ered. The Doctor was a most estimable citizen and the impression pro- duced by his sad death was so profound that the storm has ever since been referred to as " Cox's Snow." Indeed, among the classes who felt its severity the most, it became an epoch from which succeeding time was measured, and it was almost as common, a ([uarter of a century ago, to hear of certain events having occurred " since Cox's Snow," as it be- came in later years to be reminded of that Elysian period which existetl, in the language of the colored brethren, " fo' de wah." THE SCHOONER " KEZIAH." "On Sunday last, at an early hour, it was discovered that Oilbert and Sarah, two slaves of Thomas W. Eppes, had decamped." These are the GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 43 Opening lines of a three-column "local" in the Southside Democrat oi Tuesday, June ist, 1S58. Certain strange movements on board the schooner " Keziah," of Brandywine, Delaware, Wm. D. Bayliss, master, then lying at the wharf, had aroused the suspicions of Officer Butts, and the vessel was quietly watched. During the day she was observed to weigh anchor and drop down the river. A telegram was sent to the In- spector at Norfolk, asking him to intercept the schooner before she reach- ed Hampton Roads, and, in the meantime, the Petersburg authorities set out in pursuit on board the steamer "W. W. Townes" from City Point, and sighted the chase about twenty miles below, off Hood's Landing. A few minutes later the steamer was alongside and the officers informed the "centre hill," estate of the late ROBERT B. BOLLING, ESQ. schooner's master that they had comt to search for runaway slaves. Bay- liss feigned astonishment and offered to render all the assistance in his power. In the cabin, under a pile of miscellaneous articles, was found Sarah, clad in male attire, and a further search discovered not only Gil- bert, but also John Bull, Joe Mayo and William, all fugitive servants of well known Petersburg families, whose flight had not as yet been suspect- ed. On the discovery of Sarah, the master appeared very much surprised and professed utter ignorance of her having been on board, but when the other four were brought to light, he acknowledged the charge of kidnap- ping and surrendered himself a prisoner. The steamer took her prize in tow and proceeded up the river. A telegram from City Point announced 44 HIS'lORICAI, AND INDUSIRl AL the iniportaiue of the cajiture, and when the "W. W. Townes " and her charge reached the wharf at Petersburg, a large and excited crowd had " gathered to witness the debarkation of the prisoners. At that time "kid- nappers," as those who aided the flight of slaves were called, were the ob- jects of universal hatred, and the officers had some difficulty in protecting Bayliss from violence. The prisoner was tried on the loth of June, 'n the Circuit Court. Kichard G. Pegram conducted the case for the Com- monwealth, and the jjiisoner was defended, under orders from the court, by John F. May and W. T. Joynes. The laws of Virginia, in 1858, pun- ished kidnapping with great severity. The evidence against Bayliss was so conclusive that his counsel's only plea was one for mercy. He was found guilty and sentenced to forty years' imprisonment in the peniten- tiary. The schooner's mate, Joseph J. Simpkins, who seemed to have had little or no share in the kidnapping transactions, was released. The " Keziah," according to law, was confiscated and sold at auction, when the firm of Pannill (Sc Carter became her purchasers for $325. Bayliss re- mained an inmate of the State penitentiary until released by the Federal soldiers when they entered Richmond in 1865. IN THE WAR BETWE?:N THE STATES. 'l"he record of the next two years, when read in the light of subsequent events, points to the rapid approach of the greatest crisis in the history of the City, and of the United States, namely, the bitter and protracted struggle between the Federal Government and the Southern Confederacy, which, for four long years, distracted the country and shocked the world with its horrors. It would, of course, be entirely incompatible with the objects and range of the present brief narrative to enter, even cursorilyv upon the vast political questions which resulted in this cruel and unnatu- ral war. The subject is, or should be, familiar to every student of modern history, and it would therefore be superfluous to occupy these pages with any of its events other than those which directly affected the City of Pe- tersburg and her inhabitants. Referring to this e.xciting period of the City's history, the Rev. E. S. Gregory, in his Skctc/i of the History of Petersburg:;, published in 1878, writes as follows : "No community in the South, not actually destroyed by the war, sacri- ficed more for the Confederate cause than Petersburg. When it began, the town was in the full bloom of prosperity, improvement and extension. She had a large trade directly with Europe, and every day added to her growth and wealth. Throughout the whole Union her culture, her cordi- ality and her enterprise were known and commended of all men. Her merchants of that day were princes of their profession, exceeded by none for their integrity, their foresight and their boldness to improve the legi- timate o]iportunities of investment. It is said on good authority that the GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 45 improvement of the city during the twelve years just preceding the war was perhaps more rapid and more substantial than that of any other city in the South. "All this and more her people dedicated with enthusiasm to the cause of Virginia and the Confederate States, although they were opposed to se- cession, and had elected Mr. Thos. Branch as a Union man to the State Convention over Mr. Thos. Wallace, Disunion, who received not more than 225 votes in the town. Yet the march of events swept them along, and when the Ordinance of Secession was adopted on April 17th, iS6r, the RESIDENCE OF JOHN McGlLL, ESQ., MARKET STREET. news was received in no part of the State with more jubilation than in Petersburg. War was already on the country, and the volunteers of Pe- tersburg took the field with gay yet earnest alacrity, abundantly sustained during the trials and penis which so soon ensued. * * * * "On every field of action on which they appeared, the sol- diers of Petersburg acquitted themselves with gallantry worthy the fame of the fair Cockade ; their battle-flags were studded with inscriptions of victory; and when at last the surrender took place at Appomattox Court- house, the command to which the Petersburg companies were mostly at- tached, and of which a Petersburger was General, was the best and most solidly organized of all which laid down their arms. "The following is believed to be a substantially correct list of the com- panies contributed by the City to the Confederate Army, with the names of the captains in their order by whom they were severally commanded : 46 HISTCRICAI. AM) 1 N DrSlRI A I. "■Infantry. — City Guard, 12th Regiment, commanded by Colonel D. A. Weisiger ; Captains John P. May* and Charles E. Waddell. "Petersburg Riflemen, 12th Regiment, Captains Daniel Dodson, R. R. Banks and John R. Patterson. " ' A ' Grays, 12th Regiment. Captains John Lyon, Robert Howden and Thos. P. Pollard. "'B' Grays, 12th Regiment, Captains Thomas H. Bond, L. L. Marks and S. G. White. "La Fayette Guards, 12th Regiment, Captains \Vm. H. Jarvis and J. E. Tyler. "Cockade Rifles, 3rd "Regiment, Colonel Roger A. Pryor ; Captains Jos. V. Scott,* Thomas Pannill and Antrobus Bond. "Archer Rifles, 12th Regiment, Captains F. H. Archer, J. R. Lewellyn, 1). W. Paul,* and Douglas Chappell. "Ragland Guard, 41st Regiment, Colonel J. P. Minetree : Captains J. R. Maney and John Weddell. "McRae Rifles, 41st Regiment, Captains J. S. (William, Sr., John Camp* -and H. M. Mingea.* "Confederate Cadets, 41st Regiment, Captains J. B. Laurens, V. Wed- dell,* J. H. Meacham and James Smith. "Confederate Guard, 9th Regiment, Captain F. M. Wright, '■'Artillery. — Petersburg Artillery, Captains J. N. NichoUs and Edward •Graham. "Lee Guard Artillery, Captains Jas. R. Branch and R. G. Pegram. "Heavy Artillery, Captains G. A\ Rambaut and B. J. Black. ^'Cavalry — There were three companies of cavalry organized in the City. The first of these was first commanded by C. Fisher, and had a number of other captains, among whom were Junius Goodwyn, R. D. Mcllwaine, Wm. Jeter,* Jos. Jordan, Captains Proctor and Yeamans Griscom. It is related of the latter, that in one of the actions around Petersburg his command engaged that of his own brother, who was on the other side. The third company was commanded by Captain E. A. Goodwyn. " The names marked with an asterisk are those of officers who were killed or mortally wounded during the war. It would be impossible to follow these commands through their various experiences of battle. They were among the first that rallied at Norfolk, and they presented a straight but fearfully reduced front at Appomattox. If in any engagement they fell below the highest standard of gallant duty, there is no record of its name or date." Petersburg was spared the actual presence of the enemy until a year or so before the close of hostilities, but the inhabitants felt their full share of absorbing anxiety as to the final result. The news of every battle, whether a victory or a defeat, was read through the tears shed for a hus- band or father, Ijrotheror son, who had bravclv fallen in the fiirht. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 47 The local forces of Petersburg were called out on the 5th of May, .864, together with the companies from the adjoining counties, so that •when General Butler threatened the town from below, about nine hun- dred troops were in the lines. These included a company from Notto- way, one from Chesterfield, one from Prince George and one from Din- widdle. THE NINTH OF JUNE. A portion of the troops above enumerated had been sent to other points, and the remainder were still on the lines, guarding the City, when, about 9 o'clock on the morning of the 9th of June, Colonel Fletcher H. MASONIC HALL, TABB STREET. Archer, who was in command of the local forces, was informed by Col. Harrison, of General Wise's command, of the approach of the enemy, 1,800 to 2,000 strong, under General Kautz. At that time there were with Col. Archer at Rives' farm, about two miles east of the City, the skeletons of six companies, five of which were made up mainly of Peters- burg men, and the sixth being from Prince George County. These com- panies were respectively commanded by the following officers : Captains Wolff, Alfriend, Rogers, R. F. Jarvis, W. H. Jarvis, and Lieut. Botts, and numbered in all about one hundred and twent)'-five men. The personnel of this small force comprised aged and infirm men, some convalescent or furloughed soldiers from the regular army, a few foreign residents of the 48 HISTORICAL AND INDUSIRI AL City and others exempt from military service. Arrangements were made^ however, for the reception of the enemy, and the defenders were disposed in the trenches. Captain James E. Wolff, with his company, was placed on the extreme left, and Captain W. H. Jarvis on the extreme right. Be- tween 10 and II o'clock the enemy made their appearance, and then iheir demonstration, first with a reconnoitering j^arty, on the Confederate line. They were promptly met with a volley which unho''sed their leader within fifty feet of the Confederate front, and were repulsed with the loss of several horses killed and several men wounded and captured. Colonel Archer was reinforced at this crisis by Creneral Colston with a scjiiad of six men and one gun from Sturdivant's IJattery. The Federal force now dismounted and made a regular attack, which was successful, after a sharp fight of an hour and a half, in turning the Confederate left at the position occupied by a portion of Captain Wolff's company, under the command of Lieut. G. V. Scott. From the point so gained the enemy had an enfilad- ing fire on the Confederate ranks, and their " i6-shooters " began to do some terrible work. lUit the gallant defenders — patriarchs, invalids and youths — stood their ground with the grim resolution of able-bodied vete- rans, for they were fighting within sight of their homes ! " We fought them." says Anthony M. Keiley, who took part in the battle, "till we were so surrounded that the two nearest men to me were shot in the back while facing the line of original approach ; till our camp in rear of the works was full of the foe ; till the noblest blood of the City stained the clay of the breastworks, as they gave out their lives, gun in hand and face foe- ward, on the si)ot where their officers placed them." Wolff's company wa& literally cut to pieces — being almost annihilated by its losses in killed, wounded and captured. Captain Wolff was made prisoner and sent to Point Lookout, where he was detained for several months. With Wolffs defeat and capture, the stubborn fight of the 9th of June was practically at an end, for the rest of the command, finding it inij)ossi- ble to hold the position any longer against such odds, retired from the lines, the movement being by the right flank. The del'ay caused by this obstinate defence enabled the cavalry of Bearing and the batteries of Graham and Sturdivant to be brought to the front, and the City was saved for the time being, but only at the cost of eleven precious lives from among her brave defenders, whose original numbers had been reduced one-half. Their gallantry on this occasion elicited the admiration of friend and foe alike, and General Wise, who was in command of the City, issued a general order thanking Archer and his men, on behalf of General Beauregard himself, for their bravery and devotion. Many were captured and taken to Northern prisons, among them the Hon. Timothy Rives, ex- member of Congress and an ardent Union man. During an action onthe'i6th of June, in which a portion of this Citizens* corps was engaged, two others fell. The names of the killed on the 9th GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 49 and 1 6th of June are inscribed on a memorial tablet in Old Blandford Church. The 9th of June is justly regarded as the proudest and most sacred day in the annals of the City, and the anniversary is still celebrated with sol- IRON FRONT BUILDING, SYCAMORE STREET. emn exercises, under the auspices of the ladies of the Memorial Associa- tion. THE SIEGE OF PETERSBURG. The beginning of the end had come. It was at Petersburg that the last determined stand of the Southern Confederacy was made, and the interest 5° HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL of the last ten months of the war centred chiefly within the radius reachi " by the sound of our Court House bell. The City sustained a siege whi is without a parallel in the history of any place or of any time, when such , features are considered as the enormous disproportion in numbers and re- sources between the besiegers and the besieged ; the cruel earnestness of the incessant fighting within and without the trenches ; and the peculiar nature of the issue at stake. The attack made upon the City on the 9th of June was, as has been shown, unsuccessful. On the 12th of the same month, after the second battle of Cold Harbor, General Grant crossed the James River and took up his position at City Point, while General Butler, with the Army of the James, occupied Bermud?. Hundred, on the north l)ank of the Appomattox. Almost simultaneously General Lee crossed the Chickahominy and placed himself in position to jjrotect Richmond from attack on the north and east sides of the river, with a total force of seventy thousand men. Grant's army numbered a hundred thousand, with all the world to recruit from. The second attack, made on June 16th, by the corps of Generals Smith, Hancock and Burnside, was also repulsed, and in the engagements that immediately followed between the Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of the Potomac, the latter con- fess to a loss of 10,268 men. General Grant, the Federal commander-in- chief, had expected to capture Petersburg by a coup-de-main^ and was dis- appointed beyond measure at the vigorous and sustained resistance, which baffled his repeated assaults, and against which his vastly superior numer- ical strength had proved powerless. The 19th and 20th of June were em- ployed by both armies in strengthening their respective positions and in constructing the redoubts and parapets which still form conspicuous features in the suburban landscape. The siege had now fairly begun, and the Federal lines were extended from time to time, till at last they stretch- ed from the Appomattox, across the Petersburg & Weldon Railroad, as far as Fort Fisher to the left, and thence back to Fort Bross, on the Black Water Swamp, a continuous system of earth-works more than twenty- three miles in length. When active hostilities were resumed on the 21st, an unsuccessful attempt, which cost them 3,000 men, was made by the Federals to seize the Weldon Railroad, while a strong body of cavalry at the same time tore up the tracks of the connecting railroads, and thus put the besieged to great straits for stores and rations. The following day, however, a brilliant attack was made on the enemy's flank by General Ma- hone, who returned to the main lines at night-fall with 1,742 prisoners, besides a vast quantity of small-arms, four guns and eight standards. Again, on the 28th, a splendid victory was gained by the Confederates over General Wilson, to whom had been assigned the duty of capturing or de- stroying the railroads in the vicinity. And his defeat cannot be wondered at, when, among those who rushed to the rescue of the threatened com- munications were such men as W. H. F. Lee, Fitz Lee, Hampton, Ma- GUIDE TO PETESEURG, VA. 5^' hone, Pegram, Lomax and Wickham. Wilson, with the utterly demoral- ized remnant of his cavalry, retreated across the Nottoway, leaving be- hitid him, in the hands of the Confederates, a thousand prisoners, besides his killed and wounded, his trains, thirteen pieces of artillery and large quantities of ordnance stores and small-arms. Grant made several other futile attempts to cut Lee's communications. and destroy the Confederate arteries of supply, while at the same time- he was vigorously pushing forward the completion of his extensive work&. WASHINGTON STREET M. E. CHURCH. and arming them with he^vy artillery, in order that the bulk of his army- might be available for such active operations as circumstances should ren- der advisable. But it is not within the scope of this sketch to relate in. detail the many exciting events which marked the ten months' siege. Thirteen pitched battles were fought around the works, besides innumer- able skirmishes and other minor engagements involving the safety of the City and the lives of its gallant defenders. These latter, in fact, were of daily occurrence, while the boom of artillery and the shriek of shot and 52 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL .shell, as they sped through the air on their errand of death and destruc- tion, were sounds as familiar to the ears of the besieged as is now the peaceful tone of the Court House bell, as it records the passing hours.. The battle of the 30th of July, however, deserves a more extended no- tice. It has i)assed into history as the ""Battle of the Crater," Vind its liorrors were unsurpassed by any other event of this long and bloody war. " In all the thirty miles of massive entrenchments that environed the ^)eleaguered City." says (iregory, "there stood no soldiers more heroic or more faithful than her own sons, who were doing battle in the sight of their own roof-trees for the honor and safety of their homes. Among those killed by the Crater explosion were two officers and twenty men of Pegram's Petersburg Hattery. In the fight that followed General Mahone won, as he deserved, enduring glory, and rescued the City from capture and probably from sack. He received the stars of a Major-General for his gallantry and skill, while Colonel D. A. Weisiger was promoted to the command of the Old Mahone Brigade, as the Association composed of its members is still proud to be called." For the narrative of this famous fight, which must always hold a fore- most position in the history of the City, we cannot do better than quote from the excellent address delivered by Captain W. Gordon McCabe, A. A. G., on November ist, 1876, before the Association of Northern Vir- ginia, entitled " The Defence of Petersburg". " Burnside held an advanced position, carried in the assaults of the 17th and 18th of June by his own troops and Griffin's division of Warren's corps, and succeeded in constructing a heavy line of rifle pits scarcely more than 100 yards distant from what was then known as the Elliott Sal'ient. Immediately in rear of this advanced line the ground dipped suddenly, and broadening out into a meadow of considerable extent, afford- ed an admirable position for massing a large body of troops, while work- ing parties would be effectually screened from the observations of the Confederates holding the crest beyond. " Now, it happened that the Second Division of the Ninth Corps guard- ed this portion of the Federal front, and as early as the 24th of June, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Pleasants, commanding the First Brigade of that Division, a man of resolute energy and an accomplished mining en- gineer, proposed to his division commander that he be allowed to run a gallery from this hollow, and blow up the hostile salient. "Submitted to Burnside, the venture was appr<,)ved, and at 12 o'clock next day, Pleasants began work, selecting for the service his own regi- ment, the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania, most of whom were miners from the Schuylkill region. But though Burnside approved, the Commanding Gen- eral of the Army of the Potomac and the military engineers regarded the scheme from the first with ill-concealed derision. ^^ * * * > ---.L PHOTO SKETCfl of tfic Ij/N TH J.W ( ' H F.n i^ I N K S in the I MM IJHIATl-: KHON'I' of r~ PETisHSlUJIlO DITIUXU THE SfEirK OP 1»U',4 5 Surveyed under* tlie direrlion of MirhilT, M.-.j...- of f;iij:is. Bvl. Col US SCALE I't'/t/ifni fjinpft 53 ies ;et, be- / to As oint re- GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 53 " By July 23d the mine was finished. It consisted of a main gallery five hundred and ten and eight-tenths feet in length, with lateral galleries right and left, measuring respectively thirty-eight and thirty-seven feet, and forming the segment of a circle concave to the Confederate lines. * * * On the 27th of July, the charge, consisting of 320 kegs of pow- der, each containing twenty-five pounds, was placed in the mine, and be- fore sunset of the 28th, the tamping was finished and the mine ready to be sprung. * * * " On the evening of the 29th, Meade issued his orders of battle. As soon as it was dusk, Burnside was to mass his troops in front of the point to be attacked, and form them in columns of assault, taking care to re- 54 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL move the abatis, so that the troops could debouch rapidly, and have his pioneers equipped for opening passages for the artillery. He was to spring the mine at 3:30 a. m., and, moving rapidly through the breach, seize the crest of Cemetery Hill, a ridge four hundred yards in rear of the Confederate lines. * * * "To cover the assault, the Chief of Artillery was to concentrate a heavy fire on the Confederate batteries commanding the salient and its ap- proaches, and, to this end, eighty-one heavy guns and mortars, and over eighty light guns were placed in battery on that immediate front. * * " Burnside, in his turn, issued his orders of assault. Ledlie was to push through the breach straight to Cemetery Hill, Wilcox was to follow, and, after passing the breach, deploy on the left of the leading division and seize the line of the Jerusalem Plank Road, Potter was to pass to the right of Ledlie and protect his flank, while Ferrero's Negro Division, should Ledlie effect a lodgment on Cemetery Hill, was to push beyond that point and immediately assault the town. "Long before dawn of the 30th, the troops were in position, and at half-past three, punctually to the minute, the mine was fired. * * "Minute followed minute of anxious waiting — a trial to even the most determined veterans — and now the east was streaked with gray, yet the tender beauty of the dim tranquility remained unvexed of any sound of war, save one might hear a low hum, amid the darkling swarm as grew the wonder at delay. * * * Then it was that two brave men, whose names should be mentioned with respect wherever courage is honored, Lieut. Jacob Douty and Sergeant Henry Rees, both of the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania, volunteered for the perilous service and entered the mine. Crawling on their hands and knees, groping in utter darkness, they found that the fuse had gone out about fifty feet from the mouth of the main gallery, relighted it, and retired, * * * " A slight tremor of the earth for a second, then the rocking as of an earthquake, and with a tremendous burst, which rent the sleeping hills beyond, a vast column of earth and smoke shoots upward to a great height, its dark sides flashing out sparks of fire, hangs poised for a mo- ment in mid-air, and then hurtling downward with a roaring sound, show- ers of stones, broken timbers, and blackened human limbs, subsides — the gloomy pall of darkening smoke flushing to an angry crimson as it floats away to meet the morning sun. " Pleasants has done his work with terrible completeness, for now the site of the Elliott Salient is marked by a horrid chasm, 135 feet in length, 97 feet in breadth, and 30 feet deep, and its brave garrison, all asleep, save the guards, when thus surprised by sudden death, lie buried beneath the jagged blocks of blackened clay — in all 256 officers and men of the Eight- eenth and Twenty-second South Carolina — two officers and twenty men of Pegram's Petersburg Battery. * * * GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 55 " Now a storm of fire bursts in red fury from the Federal front, and in an instant all the valley between the hostile lines lies shrouded in billow- ing smoke. * * * " It was fully eight o'clock — more than three hours after the explosion — when Ferrero's Negro Division, the men, beyond question, inflamed ■with drink, burst from the advanced lines, cheering vehemently, passed at a double-quick over the crest under a heavy fire, and rushing with scarce a check over the heads of the white troops in the Crater, spread to their right, capturing more than two hundred prisoners and one stand of colors. At the same moment. Turner, of the Tenth Corps, pushed forward a bri- gade over the Ninth Corps parapets, seized the Confederate line still fur- ther to the north, and quickly disposed the remaining brigades of his di- vision to confirm his success. ^=^---^' ^^"^=^^^^^^^^^^MMra^j|-j'pr^^^^^^^^" ^ ^ ■ l!!!!!!^!||SS!!!!!!!!!!i''''''''''''"'T- ^ i .: BbbH ■■ ■H i' HOs'' BR 'uHI 1 1 '' IB ' B _- — ' ^— ^ „..ar]!^^.!L-"~^^"- ^ -^= PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL, UNION STREET. " Now was the crisis of the day, and fortunate was it for maiden and matron of Petersburg that even at this moment there was filing into the ravine between Cemetery Hill and the drunken battalions of Ferrero, a stern array of silent men, clad in faded gray, resolved with grim resolve to avert from the mother-town a fate as dreadful as that which marked the three days' sack of Badajos. " Lee, informed of the disaster at 6:io a. m., had bidden his] aide, Col. Charles Venable, to ride quickly to the right of the army and bring up two brigades of Anderson's old division, commanded by Mahone, for time was too precious to observe military etiquette and send the orders through 56 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL Hill. Shortly after, the General-in-Chief reached the front in person, and all men took heart when they descried the grave and gracious face, and 'Traveller' stepping proudly, as if conscious that he bore upon his back the weight of a nation. Beauregard was already at the Gee House, a commanding position five hundred yards in rear of the Crater, and Hill had galloped to the right to organize an attacking column, and had or- dered down Pegram, and even now the light batteries of Brander and El- \VM. E. trench's drug STOKE, COR. SYCAMORE AND LOMBARD STREETS. lett were rattling through the town at a sharp trot, with cannoniers mount- ed, the sweet, serene face of their boy-colonel lit up with that glow which to his men meant hotly-impending fight. " Venable had sped upon his mission, and found Mahone's men already standing to their arms ; but the Federals, from their lofty ' look-outs,' were busily interchanging signals, and to uncover such a length of front with- out exciting observation demanded the nicest precaution. Y^t was this GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 57 difficulty overcome by a simple device, for the men being ordered to drop back one by one, as if going for water, obeyed with such intelligence, that Warren continued to report to Meade that not a man had left his front. " Then forming in the ravine to the rear, the men of the Virginia and Georgia brigades came pressing down the valley with swift, swinging stride — not with the discontented bearing of soldiers whose discipline alone carries them to what they feel to be a scene of fruitless sacrifice, but with the glad alacrity and aggressive ardor of men impatient for battle, and who, from long knowledge of war, are conscious that Fortune has placed within their grasp an opportunity which, by the magic touch of veteran steel, may be transformed to swift-winged victory. " Halting for a moment in rear of the Ragland House, Mahone bade his men strip off blankets and knapsacks and prepare for battle. *' Then riding quickly to the front, while the troops marched in single FEDERAL HEADQUARTERS AT POPLAR GROVE, 1864-5. file along the covered-way, he drew rein at Bushrod Johnson's headquar- ters, and reported in person to Beauregard. Informed that Johnson would "assist in the attack with the outlying troops about the Crater, he rode still further to the front, dismounted, and pushing along the covered way from the Plank road, came out into the ravine, in which he afterwards formed his men. Mounting the embankment at the head of the covered-way, he descried within i6o yards a forest of glittering bayonets, and beyond, float- ing proudly from the captured works, eleven Union flags. Estimating rapidly from the hostile colors the probable force in his front, he at once dispatched his courier to bring up the Alabama brigade from the right, assuming thereby a grave responsibility, yet was the wisdom of the decision vindicated by the event. " Scarcely had the order been given when the head of the Virginia brig- ade began to debouch from the covered -way. Directing Colonel Weisiger, 58 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL its commanding officer, to file to the right and form line of battle, Mahone stood at the angle, speaking quietly and cheerily to the men. Silently and quickly they moved out, and formed with that precision dear to every sol- dier's eye— the sharp-shooters leading, followed by the Sixth, Sixteenth, Sixty-first, Forty-first and Twelfth Virginia — the men of Second Manas- sas and Crampton's Gap ! " But one caution was given — to reserve fire until they reached the brink of the ilitch ; but one exhortation — that they were counted on to do this work, and do it quickly. " Now the leading regiment of the Cieorgia brigade began to move out^ when suddenly a brave Federal officer, seizing the colors, called on his men to charge. Descrying this hostile movement on the instant, Weisiger — a veteran of stern countenance, which did not belie the personal intrepi- dity of the man — uttered to the Virginians the single word 'forward.' Then the sharp-shooters and the men of the Sixth, on the right, running SAviftly forward — for theirs was th e grea terdistance to traverse — the whole line sprang along the crest,' aOdTHerei/irfst froaj-morejthan eight hundred warliiie voices tKatfierce,.yjeU-*¥hi&l>-no njuin ever^yet hearcl unmoved on field of battle. Storms' of case-shot from the right mingled with the tem- pest of bullets which smote them from the front; yet was there no an- swering volley, for these were veterans, whose fiery enthusiasm had been wrought to a finer temper by the stern code of discipline, and even in the tumult the men did not forget their orders. Still pressing forward with steady fury, while the enemy, appalled by the inexorable advance, gave ground, they reached the ditch of the inner works; then one volley crashed from the whole line, and the Sixth and Sixteenth, with the sharp- shooters, clutching their empty guns and redoubling their fierce cries^ leaped over the retrenched-cavalier, and all down the liie the dreadful work of the bayonet began. " How long it lasted none may say with certainty, for in those fierce moments no man heeded time, no man asked, no man gave quarter; but in an incredibly brief space, as seemed to those who looked on, the whole of the advanced line north of the Crater was retaken, the enemy in head- long flight, while the tattered battle-flags planted along the parapets from left to right told Lee, at the Gee House, that from this nettle ' Danger » Valor had plucked the flower 'Safety' for an army. " Redoubling the sharp-shooters on his right, Mahone kept down all fire from the Crater, the vast rim of which frowned down upon the lower line occupied by his troops. "And now the scene within the horrid pit was such as might be fitly portrayed only by the pencil of Dante after he had trod ' nine-circled Hell.' From the great mortars to the right and left, huge missiles, describing graceful curves, fell at regular intervals with dreadful accuracy and burst among the helpless masses huddled together, and every explosion was fol- GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 59 lowed by piteous cries, and oftentimes the very air seemed darkened by flying human limbs. Haskell, too, had moved up his Eprouvette mortars among the men of the Sixteenth Virginia — so close, indeed, that his pow- der-charge was but one ounce and a half— and without intermission the storm of fire beat upon the hapless men imprisoned within. "Mahone's men watched with great interest this easy method of reach- ing troops behind cover, and then, with the imitative ingenuity of soldiers, gleefully gathered up the countless muskets with bayonets fixed, which had been abandoned by the enemy, and propelled them with such nice skill that they came down upon Ledlie's men like the rain of the Norman ar- rows at Hastings. At half-past ten, the Georgia brigade advanced and attempted to dis- lodge Wilcox's men, who still held a portion of the lines south of the Cra- ...^T^ ■1 CHURCH BUILT BY FEDERAL SOLDIERS AT POPLAR GROVE. 1864-5 ter, but SO closely was every inch of the ground searched by the artillery, so biting was the fire of musketry, that, obliquing to their left, they sought cover behind the cavalier-trench won by the Virginia brigade — many offi- cers and men testifying by their blood how gallantly the venture had been essayed. "Half an hour later the Alabamians, under Saunders, arrived, but fur_ ther attack was postponed until i p. m., in order to arrange for co-opera, tion with Colquitt on the right. Sharply to the minute agreed upon, the assaulting line moved forward, and with such astonishing rapidity did these glorious soldiers rush across the intervening space, that ere their first wild cries subsided, their battle-flags had crowned the works. The Confeder- 6o HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ate batteries were now ordered to cease firing, and forty volunteers were called for to assault the Crater, but so many of the Alabamians offered themselves for the service that the ordinary system of detail was neces- sary. Happily, before the assaulting party could be formed, a white hand- kerchief, made fast to a ramrod, was projected above the edge of the Cra- ter, and, after a brief pause, a motley mass of prisoners poured over the sides and ran for their lives to the rear. " In this grand assault on Lee's lines, for which Meade had massed 65,000 troops, the enemy suffered a loss of above 5,000 men, including 1,101 prisoners, among whom were two brigade commanders, while vast quantities of small-arms and twenty-one standards fell into the hands of the victors. " Vet many brave men perished on the Confederate side. Elliott's bri- gade lost severely in killed and prisoners. The Virginia brigade, too, paid the price which Glory ever e.xacts. The Sixth carried in 98 men and lost 88, one company — 'the dandies,' of course — 'Old Company F,' of Nor- folk, losing every man killed or wounded. Scarcely less was the loss in other regiments. The sharp-shooters carried in 80 men and lost 64 — among the biain their commander, William Broadbent, a man of prodigious strength and activity, who, leaping first over the works, itW pierced by eleven bayonet wounds — a simple captain, of whom we may say, as was said of Ridge, ' No man died that day with more glory, )'et many died and there was much glory.' " In the four engagements of August i8th, 19th, 21st and 25th, brought about by Grant's determination to establish himself on the Weldon Road> the Federals, says McCabe, "acknowledge a loss of above 7,000 men, and there is reason to believe that the occupation of the Weldon Road during this month cost them between 8,000 and 9,000 men. The Confederate loss was not above one-fourth of that number." The story of this wonderful "defence " practically closes with the fol- lowing passage : " On the evening of April ist, the battle of Five Forks was fought, and lost to the Confedi^rates, and at dawn ne.xt morning, from the Appomattox to Hatcher's Run, the Federal assaults began. Lee was forced back from the whole line covering the Boydton Plank Road, and Gib- bon's Division of Ord's Corps boldly essayed to break through into the town. Tlie way was barred by an open work of heavy profile, known as Battery Gregg, garrisoned by a mixed force of infantry, chiefly North Carolinians, of Lane's Brigade, and a score of artillerymen, in all 250 men. Thrice Gibbon's columns, above 5,000 strong, surged against the devoted outpost — thrice they recoiled — but about noon the fourth assault was ordered, and the assailants, discovered with surprise and admiration, that of these 250 brave men, 220 had been struck down, yet were the wounded loading and passing up their muskets to the thirty unhurt and invincible veterans, who, with no thought of surrender, still maintained GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 6i a biting fire from the front. A splendid feat of arms, which taught pru- dence to the too-eager enemy for the rest of the day, for nearly 600 of Gibbon's men lay dead and stricken in front of the work, and the most daring of the assailants recognized that an army of such metal would not easily yield the inner lines. On that night Petersburg was evacu- ated," During the siege, almost all parts of the City were exposed to the rain of the enemy's shell ; but the people bore the danger with the same cheer- ful courage which they displayed under all the trying privations incident to their situation. The liberality of the citizens and the heroism of the ladies, in the relief of the sick and wounded and in the patient and calm 62 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL endurance of all the perils of the siege, are far above all praise. And in- leaving the subject of Petersburg's intimate and responsible connection with the fortunes of this " Mightiest Revolt in History," we heartily en- dorse the following beautiful tribute to Petersburg's brave sons and daugh- ters, from the eloquent pen of Capt. McCabe : " Her men fitted to bear arms were yonder with Lee's veterans, and now her women — suddenly envirotied by all the dread realities of war — discovered a constancy and heroism befitting the wives and mothers of such valiant soldiers. Some, watching in the hospitals, cheered on the T. K. MOOllE'S IIAT STOllE, SYCAMOKE STBEET. convalescents, who, when the sounds of battle grew nearer, rose like faithful soldiers to join their comrades ; others, hurrying along the de- serted streets, the silence of which was ever and anon sharply broken by screaming shell, streamed far out on the highways to meet the wounded and bear them to patriot homes. Nor shall we wonder at this devotion, for in the very beginning of those eventful days these noble women, hanging for a few brief moments on the necks of gray-haired grandsires, or pressing the mother-kiss upon the brows of eager boys, had bidden them, with eyes brimming with prayerful tears, to go and serve the State upon the outer works ; and surely, when thus duty and honor had weighed down the scale of natural love, they had learned with an agony which man can never measure, that life itself must be accounted as a worthless thing wlien the safety of a nation is at stake." GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. THE RETURN OF PEACE. 63 When the City had been formally surrendered by the Mayor, W. W, Townes, Major-General Hartsuff was assigned by General Grant to the command of the forces in Petersburg and its neighborhood. He made his headquarters at Centre Hill, the residence of Mr. Robt B. Bolling,^and appointed Brevet Major-General Ferrero, who had been a dancing master in NewYork, to the command of the City and defences. The civil^an- thority recognized at this time was an informal commission of citizens'for the hearing and arbitration of cases arising between the two races. In- due time Ferrero was succeeded by General Gibbons, who distinguished himself by suspending the News and imprisoning its editor, Mr. Anthony <-64 HISTORICAI. AND INDUSTRIAL M. Keiley, for a few clays. The last Federal commandant was General Stoneman, whose administratiou was highly satisfactory to the citizens. The course of municipal reconstruction was in this wise : In June, 1866, an election was held urder military supervision, at which, however, none but white citizens voted, and Mr. Charles F. Collier and a council of substantial gentlemen were chosen. Mr. Collier was bayonetted out of office in two years, and Rush Burgess appointed in his stead by General Schofield. On the ist of April, 1868, Mr. Burgess took the oath of office and the iron-clad oath of July 2d, 1862. On the ist of April, 1869, the new iron-clad council took possession, and General W. C. Newberry, who had been a Union officer, was appointed by General Stoneman. In June, 1869, General Newberry was removed and Dr. W. G. Pearse appointed Mayor. In March, 1870, Governor G. C. Walker, under the provisions of the Enabling Act, appointed a Council consisting of representatives of all shades, the purpose being that of conciliation and practical recon- struction. Dr. Pearse resigned and the Council elected General New- iaerry. Mayor. On June 8th, 1870, General Newberry having resigned again, Mr. J. P. Williamson was elected Mayor by the Council. In May, 1870, Franklin Wood was elected by popular vote, the State having been admitted to the Union under the Reconstruction Acts and the negroes Tiow exercising the right of suffrage. He took his seat for two years on the ist of July. In December, 1865, the Petersburg Iron Works Company was incorpo- rated ; in 1866 the Commercial Insurance and Savings Bank of Peters- burg was chartered. In 1870 the City was authorized to issue bonds in the sum of $300,000, at a rate of interest not exceeding 12 per cent, for municipal purposes. In July of the same year, the Petersburg and Rich- mond Steamboat Company w?s chartered. The people of Petersburg had accepted the results of the war with ad- mirable spirit and fortitude. The commercial enterprise for which the City had long been noted was temporarily crippled, it is true, by the ter- rible ordeal of the siege and the partial laying waste of the surrounding back-country, but it was far from being stamped out. No sooner had so- ciety undergone such reorganization as the march of events had necessi- tated, than the repairing of shattered fortunes and the rebuilding of ruined homes were vigorously undertaken. That industry, perseverance and fru- gality have characterized our merchants and manufacturers in their pursuit of " Fickle Fortune,'* is abundantly demonstrated by the fact that Peters- burg stands out to-day among her sister cities of the Commonwealth, far wealthier and much more beautiful than she ever appeared even in "those good old days before the war." The train of events subsequent to 1870 affords but little interesting ma- terial for our narrative, as the records comprise a bare recital of ordinary local happenings and election returns. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 6s: In the early part of 1S74 an Act was passed by the Legislature placing the government of the City in the hands of commissioners to be appoint- ed by the Hustings Court. This bill, however, was vetoed by Governor [Camper, for reasons satisfactory to himself, but which failed to satisfy the riends of good government, among whom much disappointment was ex- UARRISON & CO.'S CLOTHING STORE. COR. SYCAMORE AND LOMBARD STS. perienced, and much severe criticism of the Governor's action indulged.. In May, 1874, the Republicans, who had controlled the municipal govern- ment ever since the re-admission of the State into the* Union, were de- feated, and W. F. C. Gregory, the Conservative candidate, was elected Mayor. The years between 1S70 and 1S80 witnessed the rapid and robust growth, of the great tobacco and cotton manufacturing interests which constitute 66 , HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL the main sources of the City's wealth. The export tobacco trade of Pe- tersburg has developed colossal proportions and the names of her manu- facturers — as well as the choice products of their factories — are to be found in the mouths of grateful consumers in every quarter of the globe ; while the fabrics of our famous looms are equally appreciated by the inhabitants of the South American Republics. A slight shock of earthquake was experienced here in 1875, but only to the extent of disturbing the slumbers of some few light sleepers and ex- citing the nervous systems of the more timid. A second shock was re- ported to have been felt over nearly the whole of the Atlantic slope, in August of this year, 1S84, but Petersburg was not shaken. The story is now told. Concise and incomplete as it is admitted to be, it is nevertheless hoped that it will be read with interest, not only by Pe- tersburg's own people, to whom many of its facts and incidents are al- ready familiar, but also by those at a distance, who have had no opportu- nity of visiting the " Cockade City," or of coming into personal contact with its inhabitants. For all of these a hearty Virginian welcome is in store, whenever they will claim it — no matter whence they come or whither they would afterwards go — for the unhappy differences of the past have been buried too deep for resurrection, while over their grave flourishes the immortal " Fruit of Righteousness which is sown in Peace." Many important subjects have been left untouched, or only casually re- ferred to, in the foregoing sketch. In order that these may be more sys- tematically treated, as well as to preserve the narrative unbroken, it has been deemed more methodical, as well as more convenient, to devote to these subjects a series of short chapters, which will be found to embody many a weighty secret relating to the social virtues and commercial suc- cesses of a happy, healthy and prosperous community, and may therefore ibe considered worthy of careful perusal. GUIDE TO PE.TERSBURG, VA. 67 LIST OF THE MAYORS OF PETERSBURG. 1784= TO 1885. John Banister 1784 to 1785 Christopher McConnico 1785 " 1786 John Shore 1786 '• 1787 Robert Boiling 1787 " 1788 Thomas G. Peachey 1788 " 1789 Simon Frazer 1789 •' 1790 Joseph Westmore 1790 " 1791 Eichard Bate 1791 " 1792 Joseph Weisiger 1792 " 1793 William Prentis 1793 " 1794 Thomas G. Peachey 1794 " 1795 Robert Boiling 1795 " 1796 Elias Parker 1796 " 1797 William Prentis 1797 " 1798 J. Le Messurier 1798 " 1799 William Harrison 1799 " 1800 David Maitland , 1800 " 1801 William Prentis 1801 " 1802 George Pegram 1802 " 1803 Robert Birchett 1803 " 1804 PanlNash 1804 " 1805 William Prentis 1805 " 1806 JohnMcKae 1806 " 1807 Alexander Brown 1807 " 1808 James Byrne 1808 " 1809 Archibald Baugh 1809 " 1810 Joel Hammond 1810 " 1811 William Moore 1811 " 1812 Nathaniel Friend 1812 " 1813 William Bowden 1813 " 1814 Edward Pegram, Jr 1814 " 1815 George H. Jones 1815 " 1816 JohnHinton 1816 " 1817 Samuel Turner 1817 " 1818 Edmund Pescud 1818 " 1819 John H. Brown 1819 to 1820 Thomas WaUace 1820 " 1821 JohnHinton 1821 " 1822 JohnStith 1822 " 1823 John H.Brown 1823 " 1824 Lewis Mabry 1824 " 1835 Jabez Smith 1825 " 1826 Samuel Winfree 1826 " 1827 Lewis Mabry 1827 " 1828 Joseph Bragg 1828 " 1829 Patrick Durkin 1829 " 1830 Charles F. Osborne 1830 " 1831 Thomas Wallace 1831 " 1832 Samuel Winfree 1832 " 1833 David H. Branch 1833 " 1834 George W. Harrison 1834 " 1835 John D. Tanner 1835 " 1836 James McFarland, Jr 1836 " 1837 Stephen G. Wells (elected, but declined to serve) George W. Harrison 1837 " 1838 Daniel Lvon 1838 " 1839 Robert B. Boiling 1839 " 1840 Stephen G. Wells 1840 " 1841 William Pannill 1841 " 1842 Thomas Branch 1842 " 1843 John Pollard 1843 " 1844 John H. Patterson 1844 '' 1845 James B. Cogbill 1845 " 1846 Joseph E. Cox 1846 " 1847 Francis E. Rives 1847 " 1848 J. M. B. Steward 1848 " 1849 Charles Corling 1849 " 1850 Andrew Kevan 1850 " 1851 John Dodson 1851 " 1854 In 1852 the new Constitution went into operation, and the Mayoralty- became a salaried ofifice. Mr. Dodson was the first Mayor elected by the popular vote : W. W. Townes (continuously) 1854 to 1865 Charles F. Collier 1865 " 1867 Rush Burgess 1867 " 1868 W. B. Newberry and ) iqaq u laea W. G. Pearse..:. \ ^^^^ ^^^^ J. P. Wiliamson 1869 " 1870 Franklin Wood 1870 to 1874 W. F. C. Gregory 1874 " 1876 Willliam E. Cameron 1876 " 1881 F.H.Archer 1881 " 1882 T. J. Jarratt (present in- cumbent) 1882 68 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL CITY GOVER NME NT, lSS4-'85. Mayor : T. J. Jarratt. Treasurer : Emmett W. Couch. Auditor : Frank R. Russell. City Sergeant : J. Arthur Johnston. CoM.MON wealth's ATTORNEY : Gcorgc S. Bernard. Commissioner of Revenue : George W. Hall. CiTv Collector : T. H. Bond. High Constable : W. D. Minetree. Chief of Police : A. S. Gittman. Chief of Fire Department : P. H. Curtis. Gauger : W. W. Evans. Superintendent of Almshouse : Michael Heelan. Keeper of Cemetery : James Muirhead. CITY COUNCIL. President ; Capt. E. A. Goodwyn. Clerk : Frank R Russell. First Ward : E. A. Goodwyn, J. M. Xewcomb, J. H. Farley, C. W. Johns. Second Jl'iird : James S. Gilliam, R. W. Collier, Augustus Wright, M. W. Pyne. T/i/rd Ward : W. T. Hubbard, N. T. Patteson, Bartlett Roper, W. T. Par ham. Fourth Ward: H, R. Smith, John R. Patterson, Samon Seward, Thos. G. Gates. Fifth Ward : J. M. Brockwell, G. B. Eanes, H. C. Wilson, W. T. Hargrave. Sixth Ward : W. D. Tucker, E. L. Enniss, J. York Harris, J. M. Smith. COURTS. The Corporation Court : Judge, E. M. Mann ; Clerk, J. C. Armistead. Held on the third Thursday in each month. The Circuit Court, of the Second Circuit : Judge, S. S. Weisiger ; Clerk, J. C. Armistead. Held in Petersburg May 30th and December ist in each year. The taxable property of the City of Petersburg on December 31st, iS84, was as follows : Real $5,468,112 Personal 3,870,265 Total 59,338,377 The Bonded Debt of the City on the same date was $1,186,200 The Sinking Fund owns City Bonds as follows : 6 per cent S 16,600 8 '• " 44,500 Total $ 61,100 Also, cash on hand § 3,634.74 Bills receivable February, 1885 2,176.53 Bills receivable February, 1886 2,292.07 Total cash on hand and bills receivable. . $ 8,103.34 GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 69 ST. JOSEPH'S (II. C.) CHURCH. GUIDE TO THE CHURCHES. ROMAN CATHOLIC. St. Joseph's : West Washington Street. Rev. W. B. Hanley, pastor; P. H. Curtis, Secretary and Treasurer. Services : Sundays and Holy Days, 7 and 10 a. m. and 4 p. m, ; week days, other than Holy Days, 6:30 a. m. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. St, Paul's : Union Street. Rev. C. R. Hains, D. D., rector. Services : Sunday 11 a. m. and 8 p. m ; Wednesday at 4 p. m. Sunday School 9:30 a. m. Vestry meets on the first Tuesday in each month. Grace Church : High Street. Rev. C. J. Gibson, D. D., rector. Ser- vices : Sunday, 11 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. ; Wednesday, 7:30 p. m. Sun- day School 9 a. m. Vestry meets on the first Monday in each month at 8 p. m. St. John's : West Washington Street. Rev. Thomas Spencer, rector. Services : Sunday, 11 a. m. and 8 p. m. ; Tuesday, 8 p. m. Sunday School 9:30 a. m. and 4 p. m. Vestry meets on the second Tuesday in each month at 8 p. m. St. Paul's Mission : Blandford. Grace Church Missions : Old Street and New Street. PRESBYTERIAN. Tabb Street Church : Tabb Street. Rev. J. W. Rosebro, pastor. 70 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL Services: Sunday, ii a. m. and 7:30 p. m. ; Wednesday, 4 p. m. Sun- day School 9:30 a. m. Session of Elders and Board of Deacons meet at the church on the first Monday in each month. Second Church : West Washington Street. Rev. S. K. Winn, pastor. Services: Sunday, 11 a. m. and 4:30 p. m. ; Wednesday, 7:30p.m. Sunday School 9:30 a. m. Voung men's prayer meeting every second Monday night. Meeting of Session the first Monday in each month at the Manse. Old Street Church : Old Street. Rev. W. O. Stephens, pastor. Ser- vices : Sunday, 11 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. ; Friday, 7:30 p. m. Sunday School 9:30 a. m. Monthly meeting subject to call. METHODIST. Washington Street Church : Washington Street. Rev. S. S. Lam- beth, pastor. Services: Sunday, 11 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. ; Wednes- day, 7:30 p. m. Sunday School 9 a. ra. Young men's prayer meeting Sundr-y at 3 p. m., James B. Blanks", leader. Official meeting every Mon- day night. Market Street Church : Market Street. Rev. J. W. Bledsoe, D. D., pastor. Services: Sunday, 11 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. ; Wednesday, 7:30 p. m. Sunday School 9:30 a. m. High Street Church : High Street. Rev. 0.scar Littleton, pastor. Services : Sunday, 11 a. m. and 7:80 p. m. ; Sunday School 9 a. m. Wesley Church, Halifa.\ Street. Rev. W. H. Atwill, pastor. Services : Sunday, 11 p. m. and 7:30 p. m. ; Wednesday, 7:30 p. m. Sunday School 9:30 a. m. Blandford Church : Blandford. Rev. J. E. R. Riddick, pastor. Ser- vices : Sunday, 11 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. ; Wednesday, 7:30 p. m. Ettrick Church : Ettrick. Rev, Jacob Manning, pastor. MATO.A.CA Church : Matoaca. Rev. N. J. Pruden, pastor. BAPTIST. First Church : West Washington Street. Rev. E. C. Dargan, pastor- Services : Sunday, 11 a. m. and 7:30 p. m.; Wednesday, 7:30 p. m. Sunday School, 9 a. m. Business meeting, Wednesday after first Monday in each month, after service. Byrne Street Church : Byrne Street. Rev. D. A. Glenn, pastor. Services: Sunday, 11 a. m. and 7:30 p. m.; Wednesday, 7:30 p. m. Sunday School, 9:30 a. m. Business meeting after morning service on the first Sunday in each month. West End Church : West Washington Street. Rev. C. H. Nash, pas- tor. Services : Sunday, ii a. m. and 7:80 p. m.; Wednesday, 7:30 p. m. Sunday School, 9 a. m. JEWISH SYNAGOGUE. Rodef Sholom, or Pursuit of Peace: Union Street. Rev. L. Freud- enthal, D. D., Rabbi ; A. Rosenstock, President ; Jonas Weinberg, Sec- retary. Services : Every Friday at 5:30 p. m. and Saturday at 10 a. m. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 71 SECRET ORDERS AND BENEVOLENT SO- CIETIES, WITH THEIR PRINCIPAL OFFICERS FOR 1S85. A. F. AND A. MASONS. MASONIC HALL — TABB STREET. Right Worshipful John E. Townes, District Deputy Grand Master. Blandford Lodge, No. 3: chartered September 9th, 1757. Meets on the second Tuesday in each month. John T. Parham, Master; Andrew J. Clements, Senior Warden ; Charles E. Williamson, Junior Warden ; J. Bragg Jones, Secretary. Petersburg Lodge, No. 15 : chartered October 29th, 1787. Meets on the second Monday in each month. William J. Sowers, Master ; R. W. Thompson, Senior Warden; G. E. Scott, Junior Warden; G. W. Hall, Secretary. Powhatan Starke Lodge, No. 124: chartered December 12th, 1871. Meets on the second Thursday in each month. JVor. C. E. Burton, Mas- ter ; P. M. W. E. Drummond, Senior Warden ; J. H. Cabaniss, Junior Warden ; Louis L. Marks, Secretary, 72 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL Petersburg Unmon |Royal Arch Chapter, No. 7 : Chartered De- cember loth, 1S30. Meets on the first Monday in each month. J/. E. John T. Parham, High Priest; E. John E. Townes, King; E. Charles H. Kruse, Scribe ; E. B. Branch, Secretary. Appomattox Commanderv Knichts Templar, No. 6 : Chartered May 6th, 1828. Meets on the first Tuesday in each month. E. Sir James B. Blanks, Commander; Sir John T. Parham, Generalissimo ; Sir William R. Nichols, Captain-General; Sir John E. Townes, Recorder. I. O. OF ODIVFELLOWS. odd-fellows hall — sycamore street Glazier Encampment, No. 7: Instituted May 20th, 1840. Meets or» the first Saturday and third AVednesday in each month. E. J. Bond, Chief Patriarch ; James M. Leath, Scribe. Monroe Lodge, No. 8: Instituted May 6th, 1837. Meets every Mon- day night. M. W. Nelms, Noble Grand ; Charles M. Walsh, Recording Secretary. Appomattox Lodge, No. 16: Instituted May ist, 1840. Meets every Friday night. E. J. Bond, Noble Grand ; E. B. Branch, Recording Sec- retary. KNIGPITS OF PYTHIAS. PYTHIAN HAIL, r.ANK STREET. Ruth Lodge, No. 21 : Chartered April 13th, 1871. Meets every Thurs- day night. R. Tucker, Chancellor Commander; H. D. Lockett, Keeper of Records and Seals. GUIDE TO PtxERStURG, VA. 73 Naomi Lodge, No. 30: Chartered in 1S74. INIeets every Monday night. G. J. Hawkins, Chancellor Commander ; Samuel H. Nugent, Keeper of Records and Seals. J. E. Coldwell (Ruth Lodge), Past Chancellor and Representative to the Grand Lodge of Virginia. Endowment Rank, K. P. Section 222: F. A. Owen, President; Thomas H. Holt, Secretary and Treasurer. Meets on the third Wednesday in January and December in each year. Trinity Division, No. 3, Uniform Rank : Meets on the second Wed- nesday in each month. James E. Coldwell, Commander ; F. A. Owen, Re- corder. IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN. wigwam, bank street. Powhatan Tribe, No. 15 : Chartered July ist, 1854. Meets every Tuesday night. E. V. Farley, Sachem ; George W. Hall, Chief of Rec- ords. Appomattox Tribe, No. 32: Chartered in 1867. Meets every Thurs- day night. William Newton, Sachem ; Robert J. Smith, Chief of Rec- ords. KNIGHTS OF HONOR. Petersburg Lodge, No. 737: Instituted September 12th, 1877. Meets at Odd-Fellows Hall, Sycamore street, every Thursday night. G. W. Tucker, Dictator ; E. B. Branch, Reporter; J. T. Morriss, Assistant Grand Dictator. Harmony Lodge, No. 1369 : Instituted February 3d, 1879. Meets at Red Men's Hall, Bank street, on the first and third Monday in each month. M. Kleinman, Dictator; J.Peyser, Reporter. G. May, District Deputy Grand Dictator and Representative to the Grand Lodge. Friendship Lodge, No. 2198. Instituted May 5th, 1880. Meets at Temperance Hall, Sycamore street, on the second and fourth Tuesdays in each month. James M. Quicke, Dictator ; W. D. Morriss, Reporter. ROYAL ARCANUM. ODD-FELLOWS HALL, SYCAMORE STREET. Southside Council, No. 298: Instituted March 26th, 1879. Meets on the second and fourth Tuesdays in each month. German B. Gill, Regent ; P. S. Seabury, Secretary ; J. t. Morriss, Past Grand Regent. Sycamore Council, No. 705 : Instituted August 26th, 1882. ISIeets on the second Wednesday and fourth Saturday in each month. W. E. Drum- mond. Regent ; Hugh R. Smith, Secretary. J. B. Blanks, Grand Chap- lain. 74 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL AMERICAN LEGION OF HONOR. Cockade Council, No. 65 : Organized December 29th, 1S79. Meets at Odd Fellows' Hall on the first and third Saturdays in each month. J. D. Alley, Commander ; R. J. J. Spratley, Secretary. P. F. Cogbill, Past Grand Commander. CHOSEN FRIENDS. Lee Council, No. i : Instituted August :^i\, 18S0. Meets at Odd Fel- lows' Hall on the first and third Tuesdays in each month. John T. Slaughter, Chief Councillor; P. S. Seabury, Secretary. Rescue Council, No. 7: Instituted March 21st, 1SS3. Meets at Tem- perance Hall, Sycamore Street, on the first and third Wednesdays in each month. W. H. Hall, Chief Councillor ; L. Lunsford, Secretary. UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS. 1S83. Meets at E. S. Smithson,. Excelsior Council, No. i : Instituted :\Iarch 6th, Pythian Castle Hall, Bank Street, every Tuesday night. Councillor ; F. A. Owen, Recording Secretary. JUNIOR ORDER U. A. M. Virginia Council, No. 3 : Instituted in 1878. Meets at Pythian Cas- tle Hall, Bank Street, every Friday night. G. W. Nunnally, Councillor ; R. W. Kruse, Recording Secretary. B'NAI B'RITH. Virginia Lodge, No. 225: Instituted August 23d, 1S74. Meets at Library Hall, BoUingbrook Street, on the fir.st and third Sundays in each month. Joseph Mayer, President ; J. Peyser, Secretary. A. S. Reinach, Sergeant-at-Arms of District Grand Lodge, No. 5. A. S. Reinach, Jacob Cohen and J. Peyser, Representatives to Grand Lodge. GUIDE TO PETESBURG, VA. 75 FRIENDS OF TEMPERANCE. Petersburg Council, No. i : Organized in 1866. Meets at Temper- ance Hall, Sycamore Street, every Monday night. J. A, Harvill, Presi- dent ; L. E. Davis, Secretary. The late D'Arcy Paul, Esq., was the first president of this Council. CHURCH TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. Nazarite Section, No. i : Organized January 22d, 1881. Meets at St. John's Church, West Washington Street, every Saturday night. R. H. Raney, Principal ; F. A. Owen, Recording Secretary. ST. JOSEPH'S CATHOLIC BENEFICIAL SOCIETY. Organized in 1877. Meets at the church school room, corner of Wash- ington and Market Streets, on the first Sunday in each month. John P. Patterson, President ; H. C, Hailey, Secretary. THE UPPER APPOMATTOX COMPANY, AUGUSTUS WRIGHT, PRESIDENT. The history of this ancient and important Corporation is so replete with interest, and its influence upon the material prosperity of Petersburg, as a commercial and manufacturing centre, is so strong and direct, that it has been deemed advisable to make it the subject of a separate article, in order that the true character and scope of its extraordinary powers and privi- leges may be clearly understood ; the more so, indeed, as the property and franchises of the Company have recently passed into the hands of a syndi- cate of local capitalists, who are now actively engaged in restoring and im- proving the river and canal along its whole navigable length, with a view to developing its usefulness, both as a water-power and a public highway, to the utmost possible extent. The "Upper Appomattox" is that part of the river of that name lying above tide-water, into which it flows over the falls at Petersburg, and ex- tending to Planters' Town, in Prince Edward county, a distance of about one hundred miles, passing through the important town of Farmville and traversing the counties of Dinwiddie, Nottoway, Chesterfield, Amelia, Pow- hatan, Cumberland and Prince Edward. 76 HISTORICAL AND INDISTKI Al. In the early liistorj- of this Commonwealth when roads were j^oor and far apart and settlements widely scattered, great efforts were made to utilize ail the water-ways of the country, and as early as the year 1745 an Act "for the more effectual clearing of James and Appomattox rivers," was passed bj' the Colonial House of Burgesses (Hening's .Statutes at Large, Ch. 23, \). 375), declaring these rivers to be public highways, and em- powering the County Courts of Henrico, Prince George, Goochland, Amelia and Albemarle to exact penalties from all persons obstructing their navigation by felling trees into them or by building mill-dams, stone- stops or hedges, and to remove all existing obstructions, and to appoint surveyors to assist in carrying out the recjuirements of this Act, which was to continue in force for four years. It further defnied the riparian rights and responsibilities of the owners of mill property along the river banks. On December 17th, 1787, the General Assembly passed a second Act (Acts of 1787, Ch. 53, p. 37), "for opening and extending the naviga- tion of Appomattox river," and appointing John Pride, John Holcombe, Joseph Michaux, John Archer, Joseph Jones, Everard Meade and Richard Crump, trustees, " for clearing, improving and extending the navigation of the said river," from Banister's mill as far up the same as they may judge it practicable, so as to have a sufficient depth of water to navigate boats, batteaux or canoes, capable of carrying six hogsheads of tobacco; and they are authorized to take and receive subscriptions for that pur- pose." This Act practically gave birth to the Upper Appomattox Com- pany, upon whom were conferred at the same time special powers to col- lect delinquent subscriptions, to contract for clearing and improving the river, and to remove all obstructions which might in any wise injure its navigation — duties which the counties having original authority appear to have more or less neglected. The Act also empowers the trustees, in case it should be found necessary in some parts of the river to straighten the same by cutting away the banks or by a canal, to acquire any land needed for that purpose ; the value of such land, in the event of a disagreement with the owner, to be decided by a jury. And, in consideration of the ex- pense incurred by the company in cutting canals, erecting locks, or other- wise, it was further enacted "that the said canals and works, with all their profits, shall be and the same are hereby vested in the said trustees and their successors forever, to and for the use of the subscribers and their heirs, as tenants in common, to be apportioned among them according to the sums by them respectively subscribed rnd paid, and the same shall be deemed real estate, a/n/ be forever exempt from payment of avy tax, im- positions or assessments lohatsoever.'' Provision is also made for the levying of tolls and their legal enforcement, and for compelling the owners of mills on the said river to erect and keep in proper repair good and sufficient locks to admit the easy, .safe and e.xpeditous passage of boats. Other enactments were made from time to time by the General Assem- bly conferring new powers and privileges upon the Company, and on De- cember 2ist, 1795, was passed " An Act to amend and reduce into one Act the several Acts for opening and extending the navigation of the Appom- attox river," which confirms all that had gone before, and appoints the fol- lowing trustees: Kverard Meade, Joseph Eggleston, William Murray, Francis Anderson, John Wiley, Peter Johnson, Charles Allen, Ryland Ran- dolph, Edmund Harri.son, Alexander McRae, Drury Jones, John Johns, James Morton, Charles Scott, Richard N. Venable, John Epperson, Nelson Patterson, John Archer, John Royall, John Finney, Edward Munford, Pe- GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 77 ler F. Archer, Francis Eppes, Henr}- Skipwith, Buller Claiborne, Joshua Chaffin, John Nash, Jr., Samuel Carter, James Wade, John L.'Crute, Roger Atkinson, Jr., James Watt, George Markham, John Purnell and Samuel Allen, who, with their successors, are thereby incorporated by the name and title of " The Trustees of the Upper Appomattox Company." An Act to amend the last cited Act was passed November 22d, 1796 (Chap 26, p. 21), whereby it was enacted : "That the trustees therein appointed, and their successors be, and the same are hereby empowered, to clear, improve, and extend the navigation of the said river, from Banis- ter's mills to tide-water, or as near thereto as they may deem advisable and necessary, and also as far up the said river as they may deem it practica- ble and conducive to the public interest. For these reasons, and to enable the said trustees and their successors thus to extend the navigation of the said river, they are hereby vested with the same powers, and shall be under the same regulations and restrictions as are given and expressed in the above recited Act." By an Act of December 23d, 1797, (Chap. 39, p. 26), the number of trus- tees was reduced to thirteen, a majority of whom should compose a board for the transaction of business, and on January 20th, 1S03. (Chap. 26, p. 18), was passed another Act withdrawing from the various County Courts the power hitherto possessed by them, of granting leave to build mills or dams along the banks of the river. In 1808, and again in 1810, the General Assembly extended to the Com- pany pecuniary assistance towards the expenses of completing the canal ; and in 1813 (Chap. 34, p. 44) it was "judged expedient to authorize the trustees of the Upper Appomattox Company to extend their canal through the town of Petersburg to tide-water." Subsequent Acts of the Legislature granted additional powers to the Company, including the right to erect mills and other useful works, and to engage in transportation and active manufacturing pursuits; and by re- cent legislation, April 22d, 1882, the Company is authorized to enlarge and deepen its canal and locks to a uniform depth of five feet and a width of forty feet. It is now nearly one hundred and forty years since the Upper Appom- attox, as a public highway, first engaged legislative attention, and during ihat extended period no less than thirty-four Acts relating to this Company have been recorded on the statute books of Virginia. By virtue of this liberal legislation the Company now enjoys an almost absolute control of a hundred miles of splendid waterway, with the privilege of navigation and right to engage in all kinds of manufactures and useful enterprises. It also has power to let, lease or sell all or any of its property or franchises, and to hold forever, absolutely exempt from taxation, whether by State, County or City, all its property now existing and that may hereafter be created. It can easily be demonstrated, therefore, that Petersbnrg, in the posses- sion of this favored corporation, with its far-reaching and inalienable char- tered rights, enjoys immense manufacturing advantages over all other cities of the Commonwealth. These advantages are briefly enumerated in a recent interesting pam- phlet treating of this Company and its territory as follows : First; The section of Virginia embraced in its area possesses most sa- lubrious climatic advantages, freedom from the rigorous temperature of higher latitudes, and, except in most exceptional seasons, absolute free- 78 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL dom from ice obstructions ; reliable data show that delay or damage from that cause is here unknown. Second; Along its river and canal banks, high above the water-line, un- encumbered by earth or other debris, are to be found unlimited and inex- haustible supplies of the finest granite, easily worked and readily trans- ported, which by proper enterprise could be worked to a highly profitable degree. Third; Its improvement is in close proximity to unlimited supplies of bituminous coal now worked, and it passes over the celebrated Chester- field coal fields ; immense deposits underlie portions of its route. Fourth; Vast quarries of slate are adjacent to and underlie its property, which also passes over the well known gold bearing belt, which Hotchkiss so well describes in his work on the physical resources of Virginia; in ad- dition thereto it penetrates a section where the axeman has, as yet, made little impression, and the almost virgin forest offers a tempting field to the lumberman and the manufacturer, oak, hickory, ash, pine, etc., being found in practically exhaustless quantities. Fifth; It is not subject to any practicaljdepletion of power by droughts, as primarily all the water in the river belongs to it, and only the surplus water escaping over its dams can be utilized by mills below the lines of its improvement, and it delivers its water through its own canal or race- way into the Appomattox river at Petersburg. It will not be (luestioned that the proper development of these con- spicuous advantages by the judicious exercise of the extraordinary powers possessed by this Comjiany would result in immense benefit to the whole community, for it would not only stimulate the commercial enterprise of our own people and those of the tributary counties, but would also pro- vide safe and attractive investment for an almost unlimited amount of alien capital. Indeed, the many anxious enquiries that come from capi- talists in Northern manufacturing localities, desirous to extend the field of their operations and establish themselves nearer the base of supply, in- dicates conclusively that this portion of Virginia must shortly become a centre for manufacturing enterprise, especially as the causes which have unfortunately retarded our internal industrial development are now rapid- ly disappearing. A striking example of this welcome fact is found in the Upper Appc- mattox Company, which, as has been already stated, has been recently re- organized, and is now under the control of a syndicate composed of our most enterprising and energetic business men, whose immediate object it is to mature and render available, to the largest extent, the usefulness of their vast property. The new organization consists of thirteen trustees, the first named nve of whom are superintendents, to whom are committed the active manage- ment and control of the Company's affairs, viz. : Augustus Wright, Pres- ident and Agent ; Robert W. Collier ; Russell H. Wallace, Treasurer; J. P. Williamson, Thomas R. Moore, J. M. Quicke, G. A. Mannie, George }. Rogers. E. B. Bain, G. W. Palmore. and R. F. Lester, Secretary. To the good people of Petersburg it is a source of unqualified satis- faction that the working-out of this gigantic enterprise has fallen into such excellent hands, for, under their practical management, which has already taken shape in the vigorous pushing forward of the work of re- claiming, repairing and improving, some great achievement is confidently looke 1 for in the near future. For some time past a force has been busily GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA, 79 engaged clearing away obstructions, repairing dams and locks, dredging the channel and otherwise improving the property preparatory to putting it to its ultimate use as a magnificent water-power as well as a convenient means of transporting such produce as tobacco, corn, hay, lumber and cord-wood to this market, thus conferring an inestimable benefit upon the planters and farmers of the back country as well as upon the merchants and consumers in Petersburg. But when all this is accomplished the great work will only have been begun, and it is important that the numerous advantages offered to pros- pective participants in this enterprise should be pointed out, although they cannot be more than briefly summed up in an article of limited com- pass. Apart, then, from the exclusive rights of navigation over more than loo miles of water-way, through a territory scarcely reached by railroad facili- ties, together with the practical monopoly of the whole volume of water within the banks of the river, not only for navigation but also for milling and manufacturing purposes, and the development of "other useful works " along its entire length, there are other special features which al- ready enhance the importance of this Corporation to Petersburg and her immediate surroundings, and may be made available as a means of eleva- ting her into one of the most prosperous commercial and manufacturino- points in the land. ist. The physical conformation of the country through which the river flows is most favorable to this result. Seven miles above the City and 150 feet above its mean level, the water of the river is diverted through a can- al, v/hicM by legislative enactment, may be increased to a uniform width of forty feet, and a depth of five feet, thus giving practically unlimited area and ample facilities for all manufacturing enterprises which depend for success upon unfailing water-power. 2d. The property of this Corporation, of whatever kind, is absolutely exempt from taxes and levies of every description, /(^/rzw, 3d. The terminal point of the canal at Petersburg is within a hundred' yards of the line of the Norfolk & Western Railroad, while the Virginia & Carolina Railroad, now in course of construction, will be equally near. The Company and its lessees will therefore possess exceptional facilities for distributing the products of their manufactories, while the canal offers unusual inducements to the neighboring farmers to employ its navigation. The Company also owns the right to connect its water-way by canal and locks with the tidal navigation of the Lower Appomattox. No other charter of such far-reaching scope exists under the laws of this Commonwealth, and it needs only the hand of enterprise and capital to make the territory adjacent to this property second to none on this, broad continent as a manufacturing and industrial centre. Nowhere else can manufactures enjoy such exemption as is here offered, and nowhere else can land, labor and natural force be obtained of such quality and to such extent. The work of subdivision is easy, and small factories will be at no disadvantage as regards position and terms, by the side of the most colossal establishments. In this feature lies the best hope of the early ex- pansion and solid development of large and small industrial pursuits, which are destined to convert this section into what, by right of geograph- ical position, it ought to be — The Great Mechanical Emporium of the New South. -So HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL THE LOWER APPOMATTOX. [CONTEIQCTED UY OEOr.OE S. BEUNABD, ESQ., COMMON* .VEAT.TIl H ATTOBNEV.] Situated as Petersburg is on the Ai^po-nattox River, at tlie head of tide- water, only twelve miles from its confluence with th^ James and only eight miles above ship navigation, the City enjoys the advantage of possessing a natural highway to the ocean. Before the introduction of railroads this highway was Petersburg's only means of communication with the outer world, and upon it was done a •large business during the first half of this century. The main bulk of the articles which made up the trade of the place came or went from the town wharves. Some idea of tlie extent of this trade sixty odd years ago is given in a ga/.eteer published in 1812 (Hrookes' Oazeteer orGeographi- cal Dictionary) in the article " Petersburg," from which we make the fol- lowing extract : " This is a place of considerabie trade in grain, flour and tobacco ; the exports of one year having amounted to 1,390,000 dollars." In subsequent years the trade of the town^especially its foreign trade — considerably increased. This statement is warranted by the fact that .for years several ships that plied between City Point and foreign ports were owned by citizens ':~>f Petersburg. During the decade from 1S30 to 1840, James S. Brander & Co., a Petersburg mercantile house, owned the ships Tally-Ho, Indian Chief. CalcJonia, Brander^ Sea and the Hark- Away. Mr. L. E. Stainback, a merchant of Petersburg, owned the ships ■ Sarah, Scipio, Jefferson, IVashini^ton and Madison. 'I'hese and other sea- going vessels made regular trips, on the 15th of each month, from City Point to Liverpool, London, Rotterdam, Cottenburg and other European ports. They made also voyages to Rio. To make up the outgoing car- goes of these vessels the mills and factories of Petersburg furnished large contributions, and upon their return they brought large supplies of import- ed goods to fill the warehouses and stores of the merchants of the town. To transport upon the Appomattox the contributions to these ships made by Petersburg exporters and importers was the work of numerous lighters and arks, the business done by which, together with that of the lines of schooners that plied regularly between Petersburg and Xew York and be- tween Petcsburg and other Northern ports, during the period to which we refer, always gave the wharves of the town an appearance of life and activity in striking contrast with their appearance at the present time when the railways that radiate from the City carry so much of the freights that in former times were transported over the river. The Appomattox, however, continues to be of the greatest practical ad- vantage in securing to the people of Petersburg cheaper railroad rates than they would enjoy were this water-course not navigable between Pe- tersburg and City Point. The better the navigation of the Appomattox, the more reasonable the freight rates between Petersburg and every point accessible by water, the river serving as a competing transportation route. It is not, therefore, a matter of surprise that the citizens of Petersburg have long felt the importance of improving and keeping open the naviga- tion of this river, and ^t times have freely contributed money for the pur- pose. It is rather a matter of surprise that a ship canal to connect the GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 8l town with deep water, only eight miles distant, has not been constructed. There was, indeed, in 1S47, when the railroad to City Point was in a very dilapidated condition, a strong feeling among the people of Petersburg in. favor of a ship canal. The Common Hall, by a unanimous vote, ordered an election to be held on the 2nd of August, 1S47, to take the sense of the qualified voters of the town upon a proposition to expend $500,000 irt. making the proposed " ship channel," as the contemplated improvement was designated, the town to raise $300,000 of the amount, and the Leg- islature to be asked to subscribe the balance on behalf of the State. At the election so held, the people, by a large majority, approved the scheme^ but, with strange want of forethought, the Common Hall let the matter drop, and nothing more was done about it. As early as 1788 an Act of Assembly was passed providing for the organ- ization of a company who were given authority to deepen the channel of the Appomattox and to collect tolls on vessels, upon condition that the company should " make the said river capable of being navigated in any season, from Broadway to Pocahontas bridge, by vessels drawing twelve feet water." In 1792 an amendatory Act was passed, allowing the collec- tion of tolls when the river should be made navigable at any season between said points by vessels drawing nine feet of water. Nothing appearing to have been done under these Acts of 17S8 and 1792, in 1800 an Act was passed, providing for the organization of a navigation company, whose powers and privileges were substantially the same as the powers and privileges given to the company provided for under the act of 1788, but the new company was only required to make the river between Broadway and Pocahontas bridge navigable at any season by vessels drawing seven feet of water, as a condition to collecting tolls. In 1810 an amendatory Act gave the new- company seven years from March ist, 1810, within which "to complete the navigation of Appomattox river." Under the Acts of 1800 and 1810 some work under the direction of Bates and others was done, but none that permanently benefitted the navigatiort of the river. On the contrary, the condition of the river gradually became worse, until in 1824 the depth of the water in the channel was only three and a half feet on the sand bars at mean high tide and only six inches at low tide. The engineer, Albert Stein, in a pamphlet published in 1853, referring to the condition of the river at "Stop-bar," about two miles be- low Petersburg, says : " At low water, the main current passed through a very narrow winding channel across the bar, from the right to the left shore, leaving the exten- sive sand bank nearly dry; and even then the channel would not admit,, at very low Avater, in the river proper, the passage of a small canoe." In the year 1824 the General Assembly passed an Act providing for the incorporation of the "Lower Appomattox Company," a company which still exists, the city of Petersburg being the sole owner of all the stock under an Act of Assembly passed in 1S51, This Company was only required to obtain a depth sufficient for the navigation of vessels drawing six feet of water to entitle the Company to collect tolls. Organizing at once, the Company called to its service as engineer a foreigner, Mr. Albert Stein, to whom we have referred, and under his direction was done the first sys- tematic work in the way of improving the navigation of the river. From 1S25 to 1829 Stein was engaged in the work and in the latter year obtained the depth of water contemplated by the Act of 1824. In 1852, when considerable interest was felt by the people of Petersburg. "82 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL in the im[->rovement of the Appomattox, the late Dr. Benjamin H. May, then a prominent physician of the city, stated that, in 1829, when Stein had conii>leteil his work and obtained a depth of six feet at high water over the bars, he. Dr. May, learned from John Randolph, of Roanoke, that tht- depth obtained by Stein was about the depth of water in the river when he. John Randolph, was a boy and lived at Matoaca. Dr. May at the same time (in 1852) mentioned another interesting Hict. He said that, when Stein had obtained a depth of six feet, he (Stein) was so sanguine of his capacity to obtain a depth of twelve feet — the depth contemplated in 17SS. and the depth now (1884) actually reached — as to offer to the town authorities (the Common Hall) to complete the work of getting the depth of twelve feet, iciihout salary, if the town would make further advances for the purpose. The Common Hall, however, declined the i)roposition, having expended §60,000. The work of Stein was done with skill, as was demonstrated by the fact that, during the period of twenty years from 1829 to 1849, although the river was entirely neglected, the depth in the channel was not only pre- served but increased. This appears from a report of a committee of the Common Hall made in 1849. In the last-mentioned year the people of Petersburg once more turned their attention to the improvement of the river, and during the succeeding eleven or twelve years they manifested the deepest interest in its naviga- tion, and began to take steps for its improvement. In I853 Congress made an appropriation of $22,500 for the pur])Ose, and with this money and with appropriations from the municipal treasury, in 1861, at the opening of the late war, the river had been greatly improved, ^'essels drawing nine feet of water came regularly to the wharves of the city. During this period the city grew and prospered as it had never done before. In a communication to the Index- Appeal, in 1881, a few days before his death, the late Henry D. Bird, whose work in planning and opening Puddledock Cut has brought him fame as an engineer, thus described the condition of things in Petersburg during the period to which we refer. "The streets of the city were soon filled with drays loaded with freight, coming to and from the wharves, and all the signs of an increasing com- merce were seen in our city. The hotels were thronged with strangers, and our merchants were beginning to feel that Petersburg was destined to become a great mart. The best proof of it is the fact that at that time the "Stately Iron Front Building, on Sycamore street, which would have graced Broadway in New York, was begun and finished. New warehouses and many handsome private buildings rose up in all directions, showing that the citizens were beginning to reap the benefits of their improvement of the Appomattox, and the sagacity of the Council in starting that work again." In 1861 the work of improving the river was, of course, suspended by the war. Referring to this in his letter above mentioned, Mr. Bird, after quoting the lines — " Alas, with the war came in The soldier, hard of heart, with bloody hand, .And conscience wide as Hell," says : " We had to prepare for the horrible spectre. The work on the river was stopped, and dredging abandoned, and the same energies that had been expended in deepening the river were now devoted to the task of GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 83 damming it up to prevent this awful fiend from coming up to Petersburg to ruin the City. It is hazarding little to say that if both sections of the country had devoted themselves during the four years of war to rivaling each other in the arts of peace, our river improvement would have bee;i finished at this time. " But it was not to be. After the war the City Council immediately re- commenced, the work. The River Board was ordered to purchase a dredge, and under the direction of that indomitable veteran in managing the river improvement, Lemuel Peebles, they immediately commenced re- moving the dam. The Council appropriated money to resume the dredg- ing, and all work was soon going on again." In 1S69 a new Council took upthe work with increased energy and bor- rowed $200,000 to carry it on, with a view to obtaining a depth of twelve feet at mean high tide. In 1871 Congress appropriated $50,000 for the purpose, and has since made several other appropriations towards the im- provement. From 1871 up to the present time (1884) the improvement has been un- der the control of skillful engineers of the United States Army, and the fact that the depth of twelve feet at mean high water has been attained from the City harbor down to ship navigation, and that the river is now in a condition to require but little money annually to keep it in good order, attests the scientific character of the work done. During this period Lt.- Col. Wm. P. Craighill has been in charge of the work until relieved dur- ing the summer of 1S84 by Captain F. A. Hinman. Under the influence of the improvement which has been made, the river commerce of the City has greatly increased during the last three or four years, as will appear from the following statistical tables prepared from in- formation officially furnished by I\Ir. E. H. Stainback, the Port Warden of Petersburg : [Table A.] TOJS'NAGE OF THE PORT OF PETERSBURG FROM 1 87 7 TO 1 883 INCLUSIVE. No. of Vessels. Total Tonnage. 1877 643 21,031 03 1878 666 22,802 35 1879 5S4 21,335 84 1880 751 30*632 53 1881 645 35*967 76 1882 917 43*391 55 1883 980 46,070 98 [Table B.] RIVER COMMERCE OF THE PORT OF PETERSBURG. 1880. iSSi. 1SS2. 1883. Inward .... 412,642 519,209 569,876 612,472 Outward . . . 74,724 79*i54 181,763 196,458 $487,366 $598,363 $751,639 $808,930 84 HlSTOFIlAL AM) INDUSTRIAL THE LOCAL PRESS. The following facts connccteil with the history of the Pctetrsburg Press- were mainly compiled by the Rev. E. S. Gregory, and are now reproduced in a completed form for the benefit, chiefly, of our well-beloved brethren, the "Knights of the Scissors:" Mention has been made of the establishment of the Petersburg licpubli- caii, in the early part of the century. It was edited by Thomas Field, who married a sister of General Winfield Scott, and who killed in the market- place a shoemaker named John Cross, for wiiich he was acquitted on the ground of self-defence. The next editor of the Reptihlican was Colonel Edward Pescud, whose wife was a daughter of the celebrated Peter Fran- cisco. The Republican was continued for many years. After its suspension, another paper of the same name was started in 1S44 by J. M. H. Brunet, who sold it to AVilliam R. Drinkard, by whom it was published till 184S. On October ist, 1S2S, the first number of the Times (semi-weekly) ap- peared, with Thomas White as publisher and Francis G. Yancey as editor. It flourished for several years. The ConstcUiition was founded by Hiram Haines in 1835, and lived sev- eral years. In 1839 Mr. Haines started a short-lived paper called the Pcip O'Diiy. In 1S40 he began the Virginia Star, which also soon ex- pired. In 1S40 the American Statesman was started by Burwell «& Allegre, and by them sold to Charles Campbell, who discontinued it in 1843. The Little Cockade had a brief existence in 1841, under H. K. Ellyson ; and in 1858 the Daily Star had a similar experience, under the Rev. A. J. Leavenworth. Roger A. Pryor began the Sout/iside Democrat in 1849, '^"'-^ published it for three years, making it a specially lively and powerful organ of the Dem- ocratic party. Mr. Hicks, of Brunswick, established, in 1S55, the Kaleidoscope, which was issued for about two years. In 1855 Samuel B, Paul founded the Express, and soon afterwards sold it to A. F. Crutchfield and Co. The paper under their management was a great financial success, and was published throughout the war. In 1S65 ^" editorial article was published in it which the people, in that excited time,, thought to lean too strongly to the Northern side, and the popularity of the paper began to decline. It was then sold to O. P. Haines and William Campbell, who in turn sold it to T. J. Clark tS: Co. Subsequently, under the ownership of Smith & Carp, its name was changed to the Courier ; and when afterwards sold, first to Charles Peebles and then to E. B. Branch & Co., it reapi)eared as the Progress. In 1872 the paper was bought by Messrs. Venable, Gregory & Patteson, who re-christened it as the Appeal. In 1873 it was consolidated with the Index. Other press ventures were the following: The Press, in 1S57, by S. B. Paul; continued till the war. Prices Current, in 1858, by T. J. Clark; still published. The Conductor, in 1859, by J. R. Lewellen ; published for several years. In i860, the Bulletin, by Dr. William H. I' Anson, which was ephemeral. In 1867, the Advertiser, by L. Lyon and Jordan Stone; published two years. In 1S73, the Commercial, by R. E. Cain; lasted eight months. There was an earlier Commercial, under Bingham c\: Co. In 1875, the Star, by Star Publishing Company, William E. Cameron, editor; lasted GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 85 eight months. And the Mail (evening edition of the InJex-Appcal), which was soon suspended. In 1865, soon after the war closed, A. M. Kedey and E. B. Branch established the Nctos, which, by reason of the vigor of its Southern utter- ances, was suppressed by order of General Gibbon. Its name was then changed to the Index. In was afterwards sold to Cameron, Sykes & Co., and thereafter to Chamberlayne, Sykes & Co. In 1873, as has been said^ it was consolidated with the Appeal, making the Index-Appeal, which was at first published by a Company of that name, under the management of R. P. Barham, who has since become, and is now, its sole proprietor and publisher. The Index-Appeal is now one of the best-paying newpaper prop- erties in the South. In 1873 the News was established by a joint-stock Company, and was suspended in 1875, soon re-appearing as the Post, which was published by R. H. Glass e^ Son, during its brief span of life. The Rural iMessen.irer was founded in 1S71 by Ege & Rogers, with the f5r^w*|j;:^l*(^S^||f W.M. L, ZLMMER & CO. S BOOK STORE, SyCA:M0RE ST. late T. S Pleasants as editor. Mr. Pleasants had also been editor of the Farmer's Journal, published years before by Charles LeRoy. The South- ern Planter and Farnu'r, now published in Richmond, was originally issued in Petersburg, and Edmund Ruffin was one of its editors. Two Republican papers have been started in Petersburg since the war — the Times, edited by Dr. Leitch, and the Virginia Citizen, edited by Ildo Ramsdell and J. A. H. Van Auken. All of these were Northern men, and their enterprises were short-lived. The JVeekly Letter Sheet, formerly Prices Current, and the Weekly Record, also a commercial journal, are published every Saturday, by T. Jefferson Clark. In January, 1883, The Mail \vq.s established by J. T. Pleasants and W. S. Copeland, as a morning daily newspaper, but was changed to an even- ing paper six months later. In January, 1884, Mr. Copeland retired from its proprietorship, and in the following June its issue was discontinued. 86 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL The Trade Rcvieiv, a weekly journal devoted to general commercial in- formation, was founded by David May, Jr., on October, ist, 1SS3. and is well sujjported by our merchants. 15esides the I ii'jcx- Appeal, daily and weekly, the Rural Messeiii^er, weekly, and the Weekly Letter Sheet, Weekly Record 'va\^ Trade Revieii<,^v,\\o{ \s\\\(:\\ are in thriving circumstances, Petersburg journalism is at the present time further represented by two weekly sheets known as the Lancet and the ^ar of /ion, devoted to the interests of the colored race and conducted bv colored editors. PETERSBURG BENEVOLENT MECHANIC ASSO- CIATION. Like many another valuable institution which has eventually proved of great practical benefit to the community in which it flourished, this Asso- ciation owes it original formation to what might almost be termed an ac- cident. It happened in this wise : In the year 1824, the Congress of the United States had voted unanimously a resolution, requesting President Monroe to invite the Marquis de LaFayette to re-visit the United States. He ac- cepted the invitation, but declined the offer of a ship of the line for his conveyance, and, with his son and secretary, took passage on a packet ship from Havre to New York, where he landed August 15, 1824. He was received everywhere with great demonstrations of popular enthusiasm and visited ail the principal cities in the twenty-four States. Having arrived at Richmond, a deputation from our City was sent over to escort him to Petersburg. In the mean time the mechanics of Petersburg met together at the cabinet warerooms of Macky D. F Anson on Bank Street, and determined to do honor to the illustrious chief by erecting a triumphal arch on one of our main streets. While consulting together on the manner and means of accomplishing their purpose, infor- mation was received that the Marquis would arrive the next day at one o'clock, and as it would be impossible, in the short space of time interven- ing, to erect such a testimonial as would do credit to the occasion, the meeting was about to adjourn, when it was proposed to form an associa- tion of mechanics and manufacturers for a closer union, for mental im- provement, for the promotion of mechanical arts and sciences and for be- nevolent and charitable purposes generally. An adjourned meeting was held at the tavern of Richard F. Hannon, on Bank Street, on January 4th, 1825, at which was laid the foundation of the present prosperous Association. Luzon Whiting occupied the chair, and James Davidson acted as secretary. A week later a constitu- tion and by-laws were adopted, together with the name and style by which the Society is known. The following persons subscribed their names and occupations to the constitution, and then started an enterprise which has enlarged its pro- portions and usefulness to the present day : Luzon Whiting, tailor ; James Davidson, burr millstone maker ; Sceva GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 87 Thayer, blacksmith ; Beverly Drinkard, carpenter ; Samuel White, cabinet maker ; William Cook, watchmaker ; George Zimmerman, tanner and cur- rier ; Joseph C. Swan, book binder ; John T. Dejarnette, cabinet maker ; John A. Ezell, bricklayer ; Thomas Jordan, carpenter ; Edwin Badger, cabinet maker ; Herbert B. Elder, coach maker; Daniel Lyon, bricklayer; Wm. Shanks, cabinet maker ; John Pollard, saddler ; Robert Ritchie, weav- er ; John Patterson, baker; M. D. I'Anson, cabinet maker; Wm. Har- wood, carpenter ; Francis G. Yancy, printer ; Wm. B. Ritchie, soap and candle maker ; Thomas B. Stroud, saddler ; William Cain, tailor ; Henry Shroyer, coppersmith. The Association was incorporated by an Act of the Legislature, passed February 2nd, 1826. The incorporators declared in the preamble to their application for a charter, that they perceived "with sentiments of deep re- gret" the disregard of self-culture among those practicing the mechanical ■arts in the town, and that they were determined to remedy the evil as far as possible, by the formation of an Association having for its object the ■disseniination of general and technical knowledge among that portion of the community. This was one of the first movements in the interest of SYCAMORE ST, technical education made in the United States. The Association has -done a good work as a public educator, and has proved a financial suc- cess. Its property (on the corner of Sycamore and Tabb Streets) is val- ued at over fifty thousand dollars and its technical library is the best in Virginia. The Association also possesses an interesting museum, com- prising collections of Indian implements, relics of the civil war and other curiosities, besides many creditable entomological and mineralogical speci- mens. The reading room is well supplied with all the leading American and English papers and magazines. On July 14th of this year (18S4) the Library Committee made the fol- lowing report relative to the condition at that time of the Library and Museum : " Since our last report the Library has been re-arranged, the books all classified, the cases numbered and labelled, and an entirely new catalogue made. " Two hundred and twenty-five volumes have been added during the year, as follows : from the United States Government, 13; by donation, HlsrOKICAl, AXU INDUSTRIAL 13 ; by purchase, 159 ; magazines, ^rc, bound, 40 — making th> whole number of volumes now in the Library, 4,286. " 'J'he Museum has received a number of additions in the way of ores, minerals and various other curiosities, and is steadily growing in interest." The officers are : Wm. C. Lumsden, President ; Wm. H. Ba.xter, Sec- retary and Treasurer ; A. L. Archer, Librarian ; and the Directors are C. T. Williamson, J. >L Quicke, Wm. H. Tappey, A. A. Traylor, T. J. Green- how, A. S. Archer and P. AL Steward. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. As a matter of course — it might almost be said — Petersburg possesses a flourishing branch of this excellent organization, whose elevatmg influence is gratefully acknowledged by the whole community. It was established here in May, 1S80, and has now 210 regular members. Its present officers are: Freeman W. Jones, President; R. O. Egerton, Vice-President; judge Joseph S. Budd, Second Vice-President; Augustus Wright, Third Vice-President ; Dr. J. E. Moyler, Treasurer; J. B. Blanks, Recording Sec- retary, and C. A. ] Jcklider, Cieneral Secretary. "J'he Board of Managers consists of W. T. Plummer, \V. N. Jones, W. H. Tappey, J. AL Death, E. A. Hartley, J. A. Warwick, W. R. McKenney and J. M. Williams. The premises occupied by the Assoc'ation are on the second floor of the Odd- Fellows Hall, on Sycamore street, and comprise a Reading Room, Library, Parlor, Gymnasium, etc. The rooms are open to the public from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. daily, and are well supplied with the leading daily and weekly newspapers, magazines, and other instructive literature, while the Library books are numerous and well selected. " All are welcome," is the legend which greets the eye of the passer-by, and gives expression to the hospi- table spirit which governs the Association. There is a public prayer- meeting every day at noon, and a Bible Class and Young Men's Aleeting are also well sustained, in addition to an attractive course of lectures dur- ing the winter season. THE PETERSBURG MUSICAL ASSOCIATION. ^(f.% This Association, which enjoys a well-earned reputation in musical cir- cles throughout the country, was formed on the 26th day of August, 18S1, and may be regarded as the successor, as it also became the heir, of the " Petersburg Musical Club," which was dissolved about that time. Its principal object is to create an elevated and refined taste for the most elevating and refining of all the Arts, and to provide practical instruction GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 89 in the science of Music to all who will avail themselves of its benefits. That these benefits have been duly appreciated by the ladies and gentlemen of the community is evidenced by the fact that the Chorus, which in iS8i comprised twenty-one voices, now numbers eighty-five, and has attained, through constant and faithful training, an exceedingly high state of culti- vation and efficiency. The Constitution of the Association provides for two classes of member- ship — the regular members, whose annual subscription is ^13, and the con- tributing members, whose subscription is $8. The latter have only the privilege of admission to the Association's entertainments, while the former enjoy the additional advantage of ownership in its property and of a voice and vote in its affairs. Music scholars, upon application by their teachers, are admitted to the entertainments of a whole season upon payment of $3. During the seasons of 1882, 1883 and 1884, the Association gave twenty- eight entertainments, and paid out to artistes alone, during that period, about $5,500. The attendance at these concerts exceeded 16,000 persons. It has also been the means of stimulating the musical fervor of several other Associations in this State and North Carolina, members of which have at- tended three annual conventions, held in May of each year, in this city. On May 26th to 29th of this year (1884) there was also a grand Music Fes- tival for both States held in our Academy of Music, which proved success- ful beyond the most sanguine hopes of its promoters. The Association gives an entertainment every month during the season (October to May inclusive) besides two or three extra concerts, and a series of musical entertainments at the time of the May Convention. The high- est available talent is engaged to assist the active members of the Associa- tion, and our people are thus given many opportunities of enjoyment such as rarely fall to the lot of those living at so great a distance from the Metrop- olis. At least once in each year nearly every great artiste in vocal and in- strumental performance in the United States may be heard within the walls of our Academy of Music, and it is very much to the credit of the management and the public that the Association shows an annual increase in strength, wealth and membership. Its present government is as follows: President, John Q. Jackson ; Vice- President, John McGiU ; Treasurer, T. S. Beckwith ; Secretary, J. William Friend. Board of Directors — John Q. Jackson, John McGill, T. S. Beck- with, J. W. Friend, J. T. Young, H. Noltenius, W. H. Baxter, Dr. J. W. Bryant, Dr. S. W. Budd, A. Rosenstock, Aug. Wright, W\ H. Cuthbert, George F. Jones, William R. Nichols, James M. Quicke, George J. Seay, E. B. Bain, J. E. Mason, Dr. David Steel, N. T. Patteson, Alexander Hamilton, L. H. Southall, C. D. Witherspoon, W. L. Zimmer and W. M. Habliston. Finance and Business Committee — John Q. Jackson, J, T. Young and T. S. Beckwich. Committee on Music — H. Noltenius and John Q. Jackson. On the principle of rendering tribute where it is most justly due, and of giving expression to a sense of obligation which is shared by the members of the Association, as well as by the community at large, it should be sta- ted that the gratifying success which has attended the career of this Soci- ety is attributable to the personal interest and efforts of the Directors in general, and, in a special degree, to the untiring energy and zeal of Mr. John Q. Jackson, the President of the Association, and Mr. H. Nol- tenius, the Conductor of the Chorus and Chairman of the Committee on Music — these two gentlemen being, beyond question, the leading spirits of the Petersburg Musical Association. 90 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL THE BOAT CLUBS. Petersburg can boast of possessing two boat clubs whose names and colors are well known on the principal rivers of the State, as prominent contestants for the prizes given annually by the State Rowing Association. Last year, 18S3, when the State Regatta was held at Lynchburg, our se- nior club, the "Appomattox," won the French Cup, w-hich is the principal ])rize conijieted for by the several clubs forming the State Association ; and our junior club, the "Cockade City," has won at each of the last three annual Regattas, and still holds, the Fredericksburg Challenge Cup, which is given to the club taking the second place. Each club is well sup- plied WMth four-oared gigs, single sculls, pleasure-barges and other boats. The boat houses are situated on the north side of the river, immediately above Pocahontas Bridge. The initiation fee to each club is $5, and the annual dues $12. THE APPOMATTOX I!. C. (Organized, August ist, 1S7S.) Officers: W, H. Cuthbert, President; T. F. Heath, Vice-President ; H. L. Plummer, Treasurer ; Carter R. Bishop, Secretary. THE COCKADE CITY D. C. (Organized October ist, iSSo.) Officers: R. W. Prichard, President; E. J. Bond, Treasurer ; Eugene Jones, Secretary. THE PETERSBURG BASE-BALL ASSOCIATION. This Association was organized during the summer of this year, 1884^ and numbers among its stockholders, of whom there are about fifty, many of our most substantial merchants and business men. The enclosed grounds of the Association adjoin the West-End Park, and are reached by the street cars, which i)ass the entrance gate. Considerable progress has already been made towards securing a good home nine, to compete with visiting clubs, and many excellent games were j^layed during the opening season. The present officers are : President, "\V. E. Butcher ; \'ice-Pres- idents, A. G. M. Martin, George Beadle, J. R. Belcher, R. AL Dobie ; Directors, W. E. Butcher, R. AI. Dobie, A. G. M. Martin, George Beadle, C. E. Burton, J. R. Belcher, W. M. Habliston, W. E. Badger, George Davis, W. J. Jarratt ; Secretary, J. Gray McCandlish ; Treasurer, Charles C. Alley. GUIDE TO PETERSBUKG, VA. 91 CENTRE HILL. The handsome old mansion which forms the subject of this sketch, was built during or about the year 1825, and succeeded " Bollingbrook Hill " as the family residence of the Boilings. Apart from its substantial advan- tages, central situation and park-like surroundings, it possesses historical associations of unusual interest, as will be seen by reference to the earlier pages of this book. Its grounds cover ten acres, bounded by Jefferson, Henry, Adams and Franklin Streets. The house originally measured eighty feet square, but it was remodelled in 1850, when the east wing, fif- teen feet wide, was added. It is a two-story, basement and attic building, fitted throughout with water, gas and other modern conveniences, and containing eighteen rooms, as follows : Four basement rooms, four main floor rooms — parlor, reception rooms and library — six bed chambers on the second floor and four attic rooms. It is very substantially construct- ed, the basement walls being three and a half to four feet in thickness. There are numerous out-houses, stables, gardeners' houses, servants' pre- mises and other detached accommodations, all of which are in excellent order. The above engraving is taken from a photograph of the south front. The property now belongs to the several heirs of the late Robert B. Boiling, Esq., and is for sale by his Executor, T. S. Boiling, Esq., by whom liberal and reasonable terms are offered. It is already a most de- sirable residence, and might, with certain alterations, be made eminently suitable for a great public institution — scholastic, benevolent or charita- ble — such as Virginia delights to endow. The surplus land might also be sub-divided into extremely desirable building lots, fronting upon one of the best residence streets in the City. This fact alone should render the property easily saleable, and it is to be hoped that some enterprising cap- italist, company or chartered institution will take advantage of the fine opportunity thus afforded. 92 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL THE PETERSBURG GAS LIGHT COMPANY. AxXDREW KEVAN, Prksident. It is perhaps fortunate for Petersburg that her gas supply is in the hands of a private corporation, under the management and direction of some of her most prominent citizens, instead of being controlled by the City au- thorities and subject to the fluctuations and vicissitudes common to all the concerns of municipal governments. 'I'he Petersburg Gas Light Company was organized in 1851, and began to furnish gas in the latter part of that year, under a charter from the State Legislature. The extensive gas works of the Company occupy the land at the south- east corner of Lombard and Madison Streets, and are thoroughly equipped with all the appliances necessary for the manufacture of the best gas. They use only the finest quality of coal to be had. Tiie capacity of the works is one hundred thousand feet of gas per day, and the supply reaches the consumers through si.xteen and a half miles of gas pipes. The capital stock of the Company is $130,000, and is all paid up. It is divided among about one hundred and twenty stockholders, more than half of whom are of the gentler sex. The present officers of the Company are as follows : President, Andrew Kevan ; Engineer and Superintendent, William H. Baxter ; Treasurer, William F. Spotswood ; Directors, — David B. Tennant. Alexander Don- nan, Dr. James Dunn, George H. Davis, and John McGill. In addition to gas, the company deals largely in coke of an excellent qualit)-, which is delivered to customers at reasonable prices. It is admitted on all hands that Petersburg is as well and as cheaply lighted as any City which depends exclusively upon gas for the illumina- tion of its thoroughfares, churches, stores and public buildings, while gas is very generally preferred to kerosene oil in the better class of residences, by reason of its good quality, cleanliness and exemption from danger of fire — for it is a well-established fact that the majority of accidental fires in private dwellings are caused by the careless handling of oil lamps. In the long run gas is the cheapest, safest and best artificial lignt for general use that has yet been discovered. The offices of the Petersburg Gas Light Company are in Mechanics' Building, corner of Tabb and Sycamore Streets. i GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 93 THE ANDERSON SCHOOL AND BOYKiy, BLAND & CO. S TOBACCO FACTORY, WASHINGTON STREET. PETERSBURG STREET RAILWAY. As is well known to the readers of history, Petersburg suffered more se- verely than any other Southern city from the wasting effects of the Civil War, and when Peace returned to the fair but bankrupt land, in 1865, it almost seemed that Petersburg's ruin had been finally accomplished, be- yond hope and beyond remedy. It followed, therefore, that her recupera- tion was slow, when compared with other and less unfortunate trade cen- tres, and for some years she languished and dropped behind. But the turn- ing point was reached at last, and active vitality again became the order ■of the da3^ New buildings and other improvements appeared on all sides; home industries revived and alien capital came here in search of invest- ment ; bui there was still something wanting, and it could not be denied that Petersburg remained " behind the times." The street-car was not seen on her thoroughfares, and the jingle of the car-bells was a sound as yet un- known to her people, On November ist, 1882, however, the following communication was re- ceived by the City Fathers, in monthly session assembled : To the Honorable Common Council of the City nf Petershurg : Your petitiouer, George Beadle, of Syracuse, iu the State of New York, on behalf of himself and such other persons as may be associated with him, respectfully represents to your honorable body, that he and his said associates desire to lay down and operate a street railway on the following streets in the City of Peterhburg, to-wit : Second, Kiver, Rock. Old, Sycamore, Washington, West, Farmer, the street next adjoining the West- End Park on the East, Oak, Halifax and Liberty Streets, and also upon such other streets as may be selected, under the superintendence of a committee of your honorable body, for the laying down and oi)eratiug of such Railway ; the cars on said Railway to be run on every day in the week, incliiding Sunday : to be drawn by horses, and the fare for a single passenger not to exceed five cents ; the track to be a single track, with centre-bearing rails, with conveniently-located tiirn-outs, and the property to be exempt from taxation for City purposes for a period of ten years from November 1st, 1882. And your Peti- tioner accordingly respectfully i^rays that your honorable body will grant unto him and bis said associates exclusive authority to Iciy down and operate upon said streets such Railway upon the terms aforesaid, and under such reasonable regulations as your honor- able body may prescribe. [Signed] Geokge Beadle. 94 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL Two days after the receipt of this petition, an adjourned meeting was held, at which the Common Council unanimously adopted an ordinance granting the prayer, with such necessary restrictions as the comfort and convenience of the public reipurcd ; and in the following month, December, 1882, the energetic pruprietor began the construction of the Railway, which was completed and put into operation in September of the next year (1883.) The track, which is four mile? in length, and connects the passenger and freight depots of the Norfolk and Western, Richmond and Petersburg, and Petersburg and Weldon Railroads, with West-End Park, on one line, and with the end of Halifax Street, on the other, is thoroughly well laid, hav- ing the usual bed of granite and cobble-stones and patent swit<:hes. Al- ready there is plenty of traffic to employ the twelve cars now in use, and Mr. Beadle intends shorty to increase the number, having been granted permission to extend the Railway as far as the Central Lunatic Asylum — a distance of two miles. Iksides this principal extension, it is proposed tO' lay tracks along South Sycamore Street to the foot of " The Heights," and also to the Cemetery, at Blandford. When this is done, all the suburbs will be embraced within this beneficent system, and every part of the City- will bexiirectly connected with the railroads, markets and principal stores; the value of suburban property will be greatly enhanced ; building in the outskirts of the city will be encouraged ; industries will be stimulated by the easy accessibility of cheap land whereon to erect factories; the public convenience will have been subserved to an extent almost impossible to es- timate, and Mr. Geoge Beadle will have established himself still more firmly in the esteem and respect of a grateful community. During the fifteen months which have elapsed since the opening of the Street Railway, five hundred and twenty-nine thousand passengers have availed themselves of its comforts ; and the city has been no loser by its wise liberality in exempt- ing the Railway property from taxation, for the land all along the line, and in the suburbs which it penetrates, has increased very considerably in its actual and taxable value, as a direct consequence of this improvement. The enterprise so far has been profitable to all concerned; it is to be hoped that it may soon become lucrative to its deserving founder. %- -_. '^:^Sj; AUGUSTUS WRIiHr S SHOZ STORE, SVC A MO \£ sr. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 9S> RAILROADS. THE NATURAL BRIDGE OF VIRGINIA. :o: THE PETERSBURG RAILROAD. About the loth of February, 1830, an Act was passed by the General' Assembly incorporarmg the Petersburg Railroad Company, and Commis- sioners were appointed to receive subscriptions to its stock, which at first was only $400,000, divided into shares of ^loo each. The Road was to run "from Petersburg to some convenient point on the North Carolina line," and the survey was begun in December, 1S30. A month later (January, 1831,) the contract was awarded to build the road from Peters- burg to Jarratt's, in Sussex County, a distance of about 30 miles, and in the Summer of 1S32 arrangements were made for extending it to Blakely, in North Carolina, about 60 miles from Petersbnig, which was accom- plished by the ist of October, 1833. The methods of railway construction in those early days were necessa- rily somewhat primitive. The prototype of the fine steel rail of to-day- was a piece of strap iron, about three-quarters of an inch thick and two and a half to three inches wide, nailed on to tne wooden rail which, in its turn, rested on the ties. The first locomotive used on this road was built 96 HISTORICAL AM) INDUSTRIAL in England, and the cars were modeled after the old English stage coaches and carried about eighteen ])assengers, inside and out. The freight cars were four-wheeled conveyances called wagons, and carried about three tons each. The first president of the Petersburg Railroad Company was iJonalil iMcKenzie. At a meeting of the stockholders held in ^iarch, 1836, Henry D. IJird, the chief engineer, reported that the Comjjany had in use 100 wagons, 5 coaches and 7 engines. He stated that his heaviest engines weighed, including fire and water, 6 tons, 6 cwt., and were each capable of drawing from 20 to 25 wagons, carrying in the aggregate 60 to 70 tons of produce. Mr. Bird gave it as his opinion that it was injudi- cious to run a passenger train at a greater speed than 15 to 18 miles an hour. Hitherto the passenger fare had been 8 cents per mile, but this was reduced in iS36to si.x cents. Ten cents per ton per mile was the charge ;for freight, or ten dollars for the whole distance. The Company was re- ^^-^ ROSENSrOCK >.'>: CO. S DRV G0< -1 'Ui:, NO. I IRON FRONT, stricted by an Act of 1836 from paying dividends in excess of 15 per 'Cent. (!) after paying all debts and setting aside a reasonable sum for re- newal, repairs and construction. Meanwhile Blakely had been abandoned as the Southern terminus of the road in favor of Weldon, N. C, and the Company had acquired the power to form connections with other roads leading South. In 1841, the Portsmouth & Roanoke Railroad had beer authorized to sell one-half of that portion of their road lying South ol Gary's, N. C, and half of the bridge at Weldon, to the Petersburg Rail rttad Company. The IJoard of Public Works was directed, in 1846, tc sell the Portsmouth iV Roanoke road, and the purchasers were incorpor ated as the Seaboard cv' Roanoke Company. Competition between these roads was prevented by the regulation of fares and other rates. In 1853 the Greensville ^S: Roanoke and the Petersburg railroads were consolidated, the charter of the latter to govern the whole. In 186 1. b\ GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 97 an ordinance of the Virginia Convention, the Petersburg Railroad and the Richmond & Petersburg Railroad were authorized to connect their rails through the City, which was done. This road is the principal highway connecting Petersburg with the vast railroad system which traverses the whole of the Southern States and is consequently one of the principal arteries of our trade. All the cotton received here for manufacture or transmission comes over its metals. At Weldon it connects with the Raleigh & Gaston Road, leadmg to Raleigh, the Capital City of North Carolina. Connection is there formed with the Raleigh & Augusta Road, which intersects the Carolina Central Road at Hamlet, and so connects with Charlotte, Asheville, Columbia and Augus- ta — all railroad centres whence direct communication is maintained with) all Southern points from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi. ALEX. WILSON S GROCERY STORE, SYCAMORE ST, THE CITY POINT RAILROAD. The next Company incorporated was the City Point Railroad, whose- charter is dated January 26th, 1836. Its stock was fixed at $150,000,. and the charter was to expire if work was not begun within two years. Ten acres of land at City Point and two at the Petersburg terminus were permitted to be held. William E. Hinton was elected the first president. Next year the Company was authorized by the Council to extend its line into the town, and the Board of Public Works assumed six hundred shares of its stock. In 1847 the road was transferred to the City of Petersburg, by whom it was sold in 1854 to the Southside Railroad Company, and was eventually included in the Act of Incorporation of the Atlantic, Mississip- pi & Ohio (now the Norfolk & Western) Railroad. The length of this road is nine miles, and connects Petersburg directly with deep water navigation. Freight is transferred at City Point to the steamships of the various lines carrying passengers and freight to and from New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Richmond, Norfolk, and other points North, East and South, The importance of this line to our pro- ducers, manufacturers and merchants cannot be over-estimated, for it brings the City into direct, rapid and inexpensive communication with the great markets of the Atlantic seaboard. 98 mSTORICAF, AND IN'DUSTRIAL TlIK RICHMOXD .V- riyiERSBURG RAILROAD. By an Act of March r4tli. 1S36. the Richmond c^- Petersburg Railroad Company was cliartered. Books for stock subscriptions were opened at both termini, and the capital was fixed at j;3oo,ooo, which was increased in 1S43 to $685,000. In 1S65 the Company was authorized to issue cou- I^on bonds not exceeding $175, 000 to rel)uild the James River bridge and the depots, workshops, ^:c., destroyed at the time'of the evacuation. The first president of the road was Holden Rhodes, and Moncure Robiiison was its original engineer. In 1871 the controlling interest which the State had from time to time acquired in this Road was disposed of, dur- ing the " Railroad War " of that year, to Gen. J. R. Anderson, H. K. El- lyson, and other leading citizens of Richmond, for S-oo ])er share. At Richmond this Road connects with the Fredericksburg cS: Potomac and other systems, branching off in endless ramifications to all points at the North and West. Midway between Petersburg and Richmond, at the village of Chester, a narrow-gauge line connects tliis road with the Clover Hill Coal Pits in Chesterfield County. T. A. rAL.MKRS GROCERY STORE, HALIFAX ST. THE NORFOLK AND WESTERN RAILROAD COMPANY. This important system was inaugurated by the incorporation of the Southside Railroad, in 1S46, and on March 13th, 1S49, o^ ^^he Petersburg & Lynchburg Railroad, with a capital of $1,000,000. An Act of the same date transferred to the City of Petersburg all the State's stock in the Pe- tersburg & Roanoke Railroad, to be applied to the construction of the Southside Railroad. Ten years were allowed for the completion of the Road, and if the work was not begun in three years the subscription was to revert to the State, and the Southside Company was to e.xtend its line so as to connect with the Richmond ^: Danville Road, at Burkeville. In 1850 the city was authorized, by a popular vote, to subscribe $200,000 to the stock of the Southside Railroad, and another Act authorized the increase ■of the stock in the sum of $800,000. to enable the Company to continue its GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 99 road to Lynchburg. The gauge of the road was required to correspond with that of the Richmond & Danville and the Virginia & Tennessee railroads. In 1S54 the Company was authorized to buy the City Point Rail- road, and to issue bonds, convertible into stock, for the purchase money. By an Act of April iSth, 1S67, the Southside Company was consolidated with the Norfolk & Petersburg and the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad Companies, and became the Atlantic, Mississippi & Ohio Railroad Com- pany, under the Presidency of General Mahone. In Ji-^ne, 1876, by a de- cree of the United States District Court at Richmond, this consolidated Road was placed in the hands of Charles T. Perkins and Henry Fink, as receivers, by whom its affairs were administered until early in 1S82, when it was sold to satisfy the claims of the bondholders, and became the prop- lOO HISTORICAL AND INDLSTRIAL er;y of a syndicate incurpjrated as the nori olk and wi.stern railroad CO.Ml'ANY. The Norfolk iV Western main line extends from Norfolk, Va., at the mouth of Chesapeake May, to 15ristol, Tenn., the distance beiny four hun- tlred and eiL,dit miles. At Bristol it connects with the Kast Tennessee, Vir- ginia ^: Geori,na Railroad. It is intersected at lUirkeville by the Rich- monil ^r Danville, at Lynchburg by the Virginia Midland, and at Roan- oke by the Shenandoah Valley Railroads. The New River Division of the Norfolk and Western is seventy-five miles long, starting at Central, forty miles west of Roanoke, and having its pres- ent terminus at Pocahontas, in the great Flat Top coal region, with its inex- haustible stores of the fme-t coal, suitable alike for steam purposes and the production of a first-class coke for blast-furnace use. Other extensions and branch lines are also being constructed for the purpose of reaching the vast and varied mineral wealth known to exist in the sections penetrated by this Road. The Norfolk «S: Western is one of the Railways forming the gigantic system known as the Virginia, Tennessee <.\: Georgia Air Line, which, with its connections, traverses that vast section of the United States lying east of the .Mississippi and its tributaries, and embracing much of Mary- land, Virginia, Tennessee, \Vestern North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, which, possessing in a remarkable degree those great resources of individual and national wealth represented in the products of field, for- est, mine and water-jjower, presents also an array of scenic attractions, un- surpassed throughout this supremely-favijred land. With coal and iron side by siile in unlimited quantities and of superior quality, all through the mountainous region of Western Virginia, there is no end to the future possibilities of this great system. In writing of the advantages which the territory traversed by these lines offers to the Iron Master, Mr. Andrew S. McCreath, chemist to the State Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, writes, under date March, 1883, as follows : "The ores are abundant and generally of good quality; they can be economically mined, for the country in many localities is broken up by numerous ravines afford- ing natural openings for mining operations ; most of the deposits are within convenient distance of the Railroads — with easy down grades; the water supply, either for washing ore or for manufacturing purposes, is ample and permanent at all seasons ; limestone for fluxing purposes exists in unlimited quantities ; coke of the finest quality for blast furnaces can now be obtained at a reasonable cost ; and the Railroad facilities for reaching markets in every direction are unusually good — thus forming a combination of circum- stances rarely equalled." THE VIRGINIA .V- CAROLINA RAILROAD. Another important line is at this time in course of construction, which, when completed, will prove a valuable feeder to our tobacco, cotton and general produce markets. Its charter name is the Virginia & Carolina Railroad, and it will run in an almost straight line from Petersburg to Ridgeway, in Warren County, North Carolina, a distance of 77 miles, tra- versing the Counties of Dinwiddle, Brunswick and Mecklenburg, in this State, and connecting at Ridgeway with the Raleigh iS: Gaston Road, which in its turn connects with the Great Southern System of Railroads. This Company is also building a line twenty miles in length from Ham- let to Cheraw, in North Carolina, which will be continued through Cam- GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. lOI den to Columbia, Aiken and Augusta, Ga., thus completing as straight a line as could be drawn between Richmond, Va., and the last named city, and having an advantage of nearly one hundred miles over the existing routes, with lighter grades and superior construction. Road stations will be built at convenient places along the line wherever the amount of busi- ness will justify the expense. Thus centrally situated, with railroads radiating to every point of the compass, with direct and easy access alike to the cotton fields of Ala- bama and Mississippi, the orange groves of Florida, the grand forests and succulent meadows of Southwest Virginia and the fertile plains of the North ; the rich mineral deposits of the mountains and the varied re- sources of the sea ; with a continuous supply of tobacco for our factories and cotton for our looms ; it is not to be wondered at that the practical business men of Petersburg look forward to her future with confidence, even as they regard her past with honest pride. OUR COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS- :o: PETERSBURG CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. This important body, which was organized on March 8th, r88x, com- prising nearly all the prominent and influential merchants of the 'city practical business men, whose ripe experience and high character entitle them to public confidence and specially qualify them to guide, control and protect the mercantile interests of the community. The following is the present government of the Chamber : President E. B. Bain ; First Vice-President, David Callender ; Second Vice-Presi- dent, R. T. Arrington ; Secretary and Treasurer, J. Gray McCandlish • Directors, R. M. Dobie, J. T. D' Alton, W. T. Plummer, N. B. Prichard,' W. H. Tappey, J. A. Warwick, Alex. Wilson, F. W. Jones, Aug. Wright' Jas. S. Gilliam, Jr., C. E. Burton, Samuel J. Hurt, W. H. H. Bagwell' Bartlett Roper and Mark E. Kull. A general meeting of the Chamber is held in the parlor of the Y. M. C. A., in Odd Fellows Hall, on the second Tuesday of the months of January, April, July and October, and the Board of j3irectors meet at the same place on the second Tuesday of every month. PETERSBURG TOBACCO ASSOCIATION. The commercial and industrial life of the city may be said to be almost wholly dependent upon the Tobacco trade, in its various branches, and it is therefore of the highest consequence that this particular trade 'should be fostered and encouraged with the utmost solicitude, and carefully forti- fied against all adverse possibilities, from within or without. With these objects in view, our Tobacco Association was organized on August icth 1866, and has labored faithfully since that date in the fulfillment of its mission. Its present officers are as follows ; President, W. L. Venable • Vice- Pi%sident, S, P. Arrington ; Secietary and Treasurer, John M. Ba'nister • Auctioneer, James T. Tosh ; Board of Directors, George Cameron, Robt! A. Martin, J. M. Parham and E. B. Bain. The Association meets daily (except Saturday) in the hall of the To- bacco Exchange, corner of Sycamore and Washington streets. msrORICAI, AND INDUSTRIAL PETERSBURG RAILROAD ! THE GREAT DIRECT THROUGH ROUTE TO THE SOUTH AND THE SIIORTICSI' LINE IX) AI^I, ATUNTIC C0A3T CITII^S ! THREE PASSENGER TRAINS DAILY. \\T Til PALACE CARS ON ALL DAY, AND PULLI\LAN SLEEPERS ON ALL NIGHT TRAINS, CONNECTING AT WELDON WITH WILMINGTON & WELDON # RALEIGH & GASTON R. Rs, NO CHANGE OF CARS BETWEEN WILMINGTON AND WASHINGTON. And Sleepers running through from BOSTON, to JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. The most direct and pleasant route between the North and South. ^W^ Through Tickets and Baggage Checks to all principal points North and South. FREIGHT TRAINS Jeave Petersburg daily, making close connections with trains on W. (S: W. and R. & G. Railroads at Weldon. No transfers between Petersburg and Wilmington or Charlotte. Genera/ Superintendent. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. IO3 NORFOLK AND WESTERN RAILROAD. THE GREAT TRUNK LINE —TO THE S©IJTM AND SOUTHWEST, LYNCHBURG AND BRISTOL. THE QUICKEST AND MOSLDIRECT ROUTE TO CHATTANOOGA, ATLANTA, DECATUR, BIRMINGHAM, JACKSON, MOBILE, MEMPHIS, MONTGOMERY, NASHVILLE, NEW ORLEANS, HOT SPRINGS, GALVESTON, _AND— All Texas and Trans-Mississippi Points ! —VIA— MEMPHIS AND TEXARKANA, —OR VIA— ISTEW ORl.EA]?irS AXI> HOUSTOX. PUllMAK PAlAi3ESBBPIM©CAHS Between Lynchburg and ITew Orleans, and between Lynchburg and Memphis C^^TICKETS ON SALE AT ALL COUPON OFFICES."© JOS. H. SANDS, General Superintendent. A. POPE, General Passenger Agent. H. V. L. BIRD, Agent N. & W. R. R. Petersburg, Va., ro4 Hl>l-OKUAI, AND INUUS'IKIAL THE OLD RELIABLE, 'Tirjinia, Mm m Ssor^ia liir-Li!is. l-ROM BOSTON, PROVIDENCE,^,NEW YORK. Philadelphia ami Baltimore, AND FROM Norfolk, Petersburg, Riohmond and Ujnchljurg, TO ALL POINTS bjS?^ Through Hates Given and duick Time Made. All Claims for Damages or Overcharges Promptly Adjusted. This Line is composed of Merchants' & Miners' 'J'ransportation Co. from Boston and Providence ; Old Dominion S. S. Co., from New York ; Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore R. R. and Clyde Line Steamers from Philadelphia ; Baltimore Steam Packet Co., from Baltimore ; Norfolk & Western (A. M. & O.) R. R, ; East Tenn., Va. & Georgia R. R. ; Mem- phis & Charleston R. R. ; Nashville, Chat. & St. Louis R. R. ; Western & Atlantic R. R. ; Selma, Rome & Dalton R. R. ; Alabama Central R. R. ; Vicksburg & Meridian R. R. ; IMobile & Ohio R. R. ; Illinois Central R. R., and their connections. Have your goods marked VIRGINIA, TENN. & GA. AIR-LLNE. Agents: C. P. Gaither, 290 Washington Street, Boston ; E. H. Rock- well, India Point, Providence ; Thom?s Pinckney, General Eastern Agent, •^03 Broadway, N. Y. ; John S. Wilson, 44 S. Fifth Street, Philadelphia ; W. P. Clyde & Co., 12 South Wharves, Philadelphia; W. H. Fitzgerald, 157 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore. Agent Clamis'and[E.\pen.sc's, Norfolk, Va. CxUIDE TO PETF.SKURG, VA. 105 STEAMSHIP AND STEAMBOAT LINES. The time was — and not much more than a quarter of a century ago — when Petersburg was regarded as a sea-port of some importance, and many ships owned by her merchants made regular trips between City Point and Europe, besides a number of smaller vessels engaged in the coasting service. In those good old days the Appomattox was a much frequented highway, and steamers of light draft were necessary in trans- porting outward and inward freights between the wharves of the City and the sea-going vessels at the Point. Of late years, however, this species of traffic has been almost entirely suspended, and Petersburg's direct in- tercourse with the outer world is now carried on principally by means of the railroads and the steamships plying between Richmond and the Atlan- tic ports, calling at City Point to receive and deliver Petersburg freights. Shipping facilities of this kind are plentiful for all practical purposes, the fine steamers of the Old Dominion Line carrying our passengers and freight to and from New York and Norfolk ; those of the Clyde Lines, to and from Norfolk, Philadelphia and the Carolinas ; and those of the Vir- ginia Steamboat Company, to and from Richmond, Newport News, Nor- folk and all the James River Landings, making close connection at Nor- folk for Baltimore, and other points, the connection between Petersburg and City Point being made by the City Point branch of the Norfolk and Western Railroad. COASTWISE AND WEST INDIA STEAM %x^^^ LINES, Between New York and Charleston, S. C, New York and Wilmington, N. C, New York, Hayti and San Domingo, Philadelphia, Richmond and Norfolk, Philadelphia and New York, Philadelphia and Charleston, S. C, Philadelphia and Washington, D, C, and Alexandria, Va., Baltimore, Nor- folk, Newberne, and Washington, N. C. Philadelphia, Richmond and Norfolk Line. WM. P. CLYDE L CO., General Managers, No, 35 Broadway, N. Y., and 12 South Wharves, Philadelphia. JAS. W. McCARRICK, General Southern Agent, Norfolk, Va. CHAS. H. SHELTON, Agent, Petersburg, Va. io6 HISTOKICAI. AND INDUSTRIAL OldBommSteansliip Company. Tri' Weekly BETWEEN PETERSBURG isroi^:FOi-.:K: VIA CITY POINT. YOI^IC. One of the magnificent Iron Steamships, (Iuvando i tk, R(.a\(.kk, Old Dominion, Seneca, Wyanoke, Manhattan, Richmond leaves New York for Norfolk and City Point, from Pier 26, foot of Beach Street, North River, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at 3 p. m. Leave City Point for New York, Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays. Leave Norfolk for New York, Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Saturdays. For hours of sailing, see Petersburg and Norfolk daily papers. Passenger accommo- dations unsurpassed. N. L. McCREADY, President, 197 Greenwich Street. New York. For freight or passage apply to the following Agents ; G. W. Allen & Co., Richmond ; Culpeper & Turner, Norfolk, and JOHN M. WEST, Petersburg and City Point. Virginia Steamboat Company's Newport News, Norfolk and James River I^andingB. Passengers from Petersburg take the S a. m. train every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, connecting closely at City Point for above named, places. Fare to Newport News or Norfolk, $1.40. Fare to Baltimore $4.40. Close connection at Norfolk same afternoon for Baltimore and points North and West. Splendid Steamers. No transfers. No dust. Beauti- ful and Historical Scenery. L. P. TATUM, Superintendent, Richmond, Va. CHARLES H. SHELTON, Agent, Petersburg, Va. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 107 ATTRACTIVE HOMES IN TOWN AND C OUNTR Y. [contributed by SIESSES. PYLE & DEHATEN.] Petersburg and its vicinity abound in cheap and attractive homes which offer special inducements and advantages to all classes of immigrants native and foreign — not to to be surpassed in any other section of this country. Five railroads centre here from different directions, and one canal. It is the terminus of navigation of the Appomattox River, and is at the head of tidewater. Schooners, ships and steamers of fifteen to eighteen feet draft come to our wharves from any of the ports of the United States or foreign countries. The export of tobacco, cotton, flour, grain, &c., from Petersburg to foreign countries is of vast importance to the agricultural and manufacturing interest. An extraordinary vastness of natural water-power exists for a number of miles up the Appomattox River, along which are dotted, on both sides of the river, cotton mills, flouring mills, paper manufactories and other ma- chinery, employing thousands of hands and causing marked demands for all kinds of country produce. At least twelve steam tobacco factories are located in the City, each employing from two to eight hundred hands, and purchasing at good paying prices, all the tobacco brought to the mar- ket, and thousands of dollars are weekly paid to hands employed in these factories. The business of Petersburg extends through all of Southside Virginia,, upper North Carolina and East Tennessee. Farm lands in the vicinity range in price from $2 to $100 per acre, ac- cording to location and improvement ; and the climate is not equalled in its adaptability to the cultivation of every variety of cereals, fruits and vegetables ordinarily grown in any of the States, either North or South. Virginia will be, in a few years, one of the first farming districts in the United States. A rapid tide of immigration has turned in this direction. The large plantations are being divided up into small farms and sold to- Northern, Western and European farmers, who, with their natural thrift and enterprise, are making the waste places to bloom with the various products which this climate is adapted to. No part of our country offers to settlers such a combination of advantages as Southside Virginia. Every- where will be found, near at hand, virgin soil, original timber, unused water power and inexhaustible mineral deposits ; ample facilities for trans- portation exist, and the best markets are near at hand. The climate is good, the winters are short and mild, and the country healthy. The land is level, free of stone, and capable of raising any kind of grain. Tobacco, corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, peanuts and buckwheat are the principal crops. Sweet and Irish potatoes, melons, and all kinds of vegetables, are also raised to a large extent. Fruits of all kinds do well here, from early strawberries and apricots to late winter apples. Early vegetables and small fruits are being cultivated for Northern markets, having several weeks' earlier maturity and thus gaining for the producer the early high prices. Winter especially has its attractions and advantages in comparison to the North and West. Being very short and mild — with little snow or frost — farmers are enabled to work on their land through nearly the whole winter, so that the ground is ready at the earliest planting season. 1 ^ mSIuRICAL AND INDLSTRI Al, Cattle and sheep require but little shelter or feeding ; sheep especially are never fed unless there happens to be snow on the ground. 'J'he above are all i)ernianent natural advantages in favor of this section, and are rapidly developing in the minds of Northern and Western i)eople, who are beginning to jiurchase while land is yet cheap — some a small farm, others a large one, ami occasionally several thousand acres for a colony. It is already a fact that every neighborhood consists of a large proportion of immigrant families. [COXTRIBI'TED BY CAPTAIN .JOHN C. OBIFFIN.j Few States offer so many advantages to immigrants as do all sections of Virginia. Its mild, healthy and equable climate, exempt alike from the rigorous winters of the North and the heated summers of th«:; South ; its central position, geographically considered, superior market facilities by land and water, and great diversity of soil and crops, destine her, in the near future, to take front rank among the agricultural States of the Union, as her inexhaustible mineral wealth and water power will, when developed, enable her to take prominent position with the first mining and manufac- turing States. No State is better watered, being traversed by some of the finest rivers on this Continent, such as the Potomac, James, Roanoke, Ap- pomatto.x, and innumerable smaller streams, which afibrd an easy and cheap transportation to the markets of the world of her varied products, and wa- ter power to turn millions of spindles. Her people are intelligent, kind, hospitable and law-abiding, and extend a hearty welcome to all honest and industrious immigrants settling in tl^eir midst, come from where they may, without regard to religious views or political opinions. This portion of the State— the vicinity of Petersburg — is gently undula- ting, neither hilly nor level, with a soil varying from sandy loam to heavy clay — both having a fine clay sub-soil. Crops embrace everything, nearly, of grain or fruit grown in the north temperate zone. The chief staples are tobacco, wheat, rye, oats, corn, peanuts, potatoes, sweet and Irish ; mel- ons, fruits, -" t-" co' ■S t~ t>r CM fO t~ 30 t- t- c- -^^ t- CO C5 C- CM CN CM CM §5 CO 01 CM 00 CM CO ■* co" CO '^ CM -ri* t~ 00 00 ^ ^ ' t~ LO "~ L- (M 00 rH LO 05 Ci LO CO CO t-_ ro__ CO o_ 0^ o_ s ■30 co" 0' 00" in CO to' 0" 2 x> QO LO c:. LO 00 LO C5 CO ^ 01 0, CM CO 00 00 o5 CO 00 CO 00 00 - L-, UO ^ _^ 00 CO t~ CM '~ Ci t~ "^ ir 30 LO LO t- LO CO c^> -* c~ LO -i tr^ LO t-;^ ^_ t- ^__ 00 ^^ co__ cS c- LO to of LO" cm" •06 th" £f Ci" 00 LO" cm" 5 CI CM LO 00 LO LO c~ rH ■^ £ Ci ^__ o_ 1.0 cri ^ oS CM o_ ;o CO -*l c P- cT Ci CO 0" cm" 0" 1 to" 00 CO c~ -Tl t^ c; CO 00 2 " CO CM CM LO CM c5 CM Ol ~ c~ C: ^ C- CO t~ ~ ^ '^JH r-. c~ t^ rtH LO ■<# T*< 06 ^ s t- w CM Cl_ 00 00 to t- fff co' (0' CO x> co~ •"sfT C5 00 07 ^ t- c^ Tti t- 30 P- CO 5 oz -i* CO CO ^ co Ci c ^ (M Ol 00 (^ CO ^ t~ ■* c 5: w CO ci t~ GO_ c~ c t- 2 ^ 00 3i •^ CO -*" ZD t-^ t~" 00 t- c « c OT 00 !M CO LO CO ■* LO ^ 00 CM ^ ^ cc (M 00 CO (M ^ CO CO [T ' C: CC 3C So CO 00 a -0 o_ L0_ 3_ CM ' ^^ t- t^ c t> ^ 00 LO X t> 01 t~ -# a ' 0, 05 -1I CO CO LO CO TJH ^ ^ -* ^: SI t- ^ '^ ^ cc t- c~ 00 ^ 00 to CO t~ rs CO Tf a 00 CO LO LO CO LO CM CM s ^ ^ ^ QO S < 1 a > a 1 E 114 lll> 1 >.)KK AL ANIJ 1M)1.>1R1A1 LEAF TOHACCO. I^s3. lo.7i;o hbils 2.207 " 184 '• 4,032 hhds. 412 tierces. 7.S3 Lbds. 10.707 Lbcl.s. 1,520 '• 12 " 3,0sl bbds. 307 tierces. 1,330 bbds. luspectiou? for tbe year eudiug September 30tb, Stock ou baud (iuspected) Stock ou baud (for iuspectiou) Shipments of leaf tobacco fn'.l coa«»twise) .stems Sales of loose tobacco. 5,440,511 pounds. 4,(!3r.,718 pouuds. <:0\rPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE TAXES COLLECTED FROM MANUFACTURED TOBACCO. 1S77 to 1883, inclusive. YEAR. Tax Collected from Tobacco manufactur- ed in tbe U. S. Tax Collected from to- bacco iijauufactured in Virginia. Tax Collected from to- bacco manufactured in Petersburg. 1877 e 27,053.072 38 25.320.153 08 24,7Q3.874 00 21.170.154 40 22.833,287 (iO 25,033.741 07 24,834,051 80 8 7.032.220 78 0..501,730 20 0,448,546 88 5.781.400 58 0.003,105 75 0,226,308 30 4,764,228 40 81,073.508 06 1878 1,151,147 04 1870 1880 1881 1882 1883 805,474 26 746.732 90 0()6,057 38 706.505 29 577,033 71 Total $170,955,236 19 $43,717,549 98 $6,116,548 64 Note : On June Otb. 1872, tbe tax on manufactured tobacco was reduced from 32 cents to 20 cents per pouud. On Marcb 3d, 1875. it was increased to 24 cents, and on May Ist. 1870, again reduced to 16 cents. On May 1st, 1883, tbe tax was fixed at 8 cants per pound, aud so reai\ius at tbe present time. TOBACCO WAREHOUSES. " From time immemorial " — which means, in this particular instance, from the early days of Petersburg's establishment as a town, and the sys- tematic settlement of the surrounding counties — tobacco, as has already been shown, has ever been the most important factor in the mercantile welfare of this district, and the warehouses, on the floors of which the loose leaf is bought and sold and the hogsheads stored and sampled, have neces- sarily been the vital centres of the tobacco' trade. There are four of these warehouses in Petersburg, one.of them, " Moore's." being in private hands, and the other three, namely, " Centre," " West-hill " and " Oaks," remain- ing under the control of the State authorities. Millions of pounds of loose leaf tobacco are sold at auction at these warehouses every year, and thous- ands of hogsheads and tierces are sampled and inspected for manufacture or shipment. Farmers bringing their produce to town find excellent ac- commodation for their wagons and horses at these warehouses, without charge, and every effort is made by their respective managers to insure the comfort of their guests. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. II5 S. W. VENABLE & CO. [established in 1853.] While it may safely be asserted that there are few dealers in tobacco throughout the length and breadth of this fair Continent, or in the more important of the markets beyond the seas, to whom the name of this firm is unfamiliar, it is by no means probable that the magnitude of its opera- tions is generally appreciated, even within hearing distance of its factory whistle. Nor would it be easy to point out many instances, even in this land of miraculous developments and infinite possibilities, in which intelli- gent enterprise and persevering energy have more strikingly met with their legitimate reward, than the record of this flourishing house affords. More than thirty years have passed into history since Mr. S. W. Venable, the head and founder of the firm, began handling tobacco in this market, and during the whole of that period the business has been steadily increas- ing and ranks to-day among the half-dozen largest tobacco-manufacturing establishments in the United States, if not in the World. Some idea of the rapidity of its growth may be gathered from the fact that in 1866 — the year after the termination of the Civil War — the amount of tobacco manufac- tured and sold by this firm was about 700,000 pounds, while it now pro- duces over 4,000,000 pounds annually, consuming between 4,000 and 5,000 hogsheads of the raw leaf. The factory is three and a half stories high, fronting 150 feet on Byrne street, by a depth of 250 feet, and is well supplied with every device in modern machinery for the manufacture of all varieties of plug and fine bright twist tobaccos. It employs, in the busy season, eight hundred hands, thus supporting nearly four thousand persons, or about one-sixth of the whole population of Petersburg ! In 1875, Mr. S. W. Venable admitted his son, Mr. E. C. Venable, to partnership, and the firm is now composed of these two gentlemen. The field of their home-trade is bounded only by the limits of the Uni- ted States, aud they export to Great Britain, Australia, India, South Amer- ica and the West Indies, making a specialty of fine bright navy tobaccos for the foreign and domestic markets. Among the principal brands manufactured by this house are "Admira- tion," "AmotLyle," "The Chief," "Nimrod," '• Vinco," "St. George," ''Bacchante," "Hester," "Mogul," -'Perfection," "Live Oak" and "E. C." The firm also deals extensively in leaf tobacco for shipment abroad, and is one of the large buyers on the floors of our tobacco warehouses and at the Tobacco Exchange. i6 HISTORICAL AND INDUSlKIAl W^[. CAMERON cV BRO. Tobacco is the stai^le product of Virginia, and the development of its trade must ever be matter of deep interest to all who are conierncd in the welfare of the State; and, in the same ratio, its manufacture, wh ch con stitutes Petersburg s principal industry, cannot fail to engag^ the onrne t attention ..f the business and professional classes of the communis foj large proportion ol the upon Its success depends the very existence of a city's now thriving poi)ulation. Conspicuous among the pioneers of this most im|)ortant branch of trade stands the firm of Wm. Cameron .V Bro., consisting of William Alex' ander and George Cameron. For many years past the management of this extensive and increasing business has received the energetic as well as the progressive personal attention of Mr. George Cameron, whose skil'l and success have extended the firm's operations, year bv year, until the present GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 117 day. They are now among the largest exporters of manufactured tobacco in the country, and their many leading brands, among the best known of which may be mentioned the "Raven," "Havelock," "Two Seas," "Orion," "Canary," "Our Chief," '• Peach and Honey," "Mazeppa" and " Pluck," are famous the world over, wherever the virtues of superior aro- matic " Cavendish " and "Twist" are appreciated. This would appear to be chiefly the case in Australia and New Zealand, whither the bulk of Cameron & Bro.'s products are shipped, although large quantities are also consumed in India, South Africa and Great Britain. In addition to the manufactured article, Messrs. Cameron & Bro. are extensive shippers of strip (stemmed) and leaf tobacco. On the corner of Perry and Brown Streets, in this City, stands " Camer- on's Factory." a handsome, lofty and imposing structure of modern archi- tectural design, which a city many times Petersburg's size might well be proud to own. It occupies the site of the firm's original factory, which was burned to the ground in 1878. It is four stories high, with an orna- mental cupola, and has a front on Brown Street of one hundred and eighty feet by a depth on Perry street of two hundred and forty feet. The'offi- ces, warehouse, engine-house and drying-rooms occupy separate buildings, which form a spacious quadrangle, affording ample room for the special work of each department. But of still higher importance than even sub- stantial and capacious buildings, is the machinery with which the various styles of plug, twist and navy tobacco are prepared, and in this respect Cameron's factory is splendidly equipped. In 1856 hydraulic pressure was first applied, by apparatus invented and patented by Mr. William Cameron, and ever since that date improvements have been introduced from time to time until perfection has at last been attained. The machinery, which is manufactured from designs specially prepared for this factory, is run v/ith three boilers with capacity of two hundred horse-power, and a sixty-horse power engine. This establishment alone employs over six hundred hands wJiich means, in other words, that it feeds nearly three thousand mouths. The firm also owns and operates a large and perfectly-appointed factory in Rich- mond, which is managed by Mr. Alexander Cameron, under the name and style of Alexander Cameron & Co. In addition to these, the firm has in operation three extensive factories in the Australian cities of Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide, respectively, the former of which has recently been enlarged and improved at a cost of over ;^2o,ooo. At each of these factories Messrs. Cameron & Bro. have also found it necessary to establish their own bonded warehouse to facili- tate the conduct of their enormous local trade, and these warehouses are under the charge of officials detailed for that special duty by the Colonial Governments. All the Australian affairs of the concern are under the per- sonal management of the senior partner, Mr. William Cameron. Il8 HISTORICAL AND IND'JSTRIAL D. B. TEXXANT & CO. Among the large manufacturers of tobacco for the export trade, to whose combined success is mainly due the fame which Petersburg has acquired in the ^^'orld of Commerce, the firm now under review occupies a conspicuous and honorable position. It was founded as long ago as the year 1843, ^y Messrs. Robert Dunlop, now deceased, and D. B. Tennant, the surviving partner and present head of the concern, under the style of Dunlop .S: Tennant. In 1S65 Mr. Tennant admitted to partnership Mr. David Dunlop, a nephew of his late partner, and the name of the firm was changed to D. B. Tennant & Co. Besides being the heaviest exporters of manufactured tobacco to the markets of the Old World, to South America, the West Indies and the Is- land groups of the Pacific Ocean, the house of D. B. Tennant cS: Co. enjoys the further distinction of seniority over every other similar establishment now existing in Petersburg. The factory, which employs about four hundred hands, is in all respects adapted to the requirements of the large and still increasing manufac- turing operations of the firm. It comprises a splendid three-story brick building, situated on East Washington street, covering an area of 100 by 200 feet, and fitted throughout with all the latest and best adapted inventions in the way of machinery, which is driven by powerful steam en- gines. This establishment is thus enabled to manufacture and export an- nually an enormous quantity of plug and twist tobacco, of various grades, and comprising many popular and famous brands, amounting in the aggre- gate to over a million and a half pounds. Of these brands, the following are among the best known, namely: "Thomas R. Shellard," "Belle of Virginia," " Harlequin," " Elephant," " Captain Cook," " Derby," " Emu," "Lothair," "Bellevue," " EUerslie," "Fair Maid," "Kohinoor," "Faith- ful Lover" and many others of almost equal popularity, and all composed exclusively of the choicest Virginia leaf. In the markets of India, London, Liverpool and Australia, these fine tobaccos are in the greatest demand, and three of the brands, viz., " Belle of Virginia," " Kohinoor" and "Bellevue," earned the highest award — a gold medal — at the Calcutta exhibition of i883-'84. The firm of D. B. Tennant «S: Co. is regarded in commercial circles gen- erally, at home and abroad, as one of the most substantial manufacturing houses in the United States, and the industrial interests of Petersburg are indebted, in a peculiar degree, to its progressive and long-sustained enter- prise. These gentlemen are also largely interested in Petersburg property, other than that connected with their tobacco factory, and although the cares and responsibilities attaching to them as proprietors of this important business are necessarily many and onerous, one or other of them is sure to be found on the Board of Directors of nearly every sound corporation doing busi- ness in the city, and it is to such men and such houses as D. B. Tennant & Co. that all thriving centres of trade and industry owe their credit and prosperity. II ^■ •nBr i 4 '»- ■ GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 119 WATSON & McGILL. The development of the Tobacco interest is so intimately allied to the past, present and prospective commercial prosperity of Petersburg, that any considerable enterprise which is calculated to foster and supplement this development must necessarily be regarded with favor by all who have the real welfare of the city at heart. Capital is the nursing mother of sue- cess, and its free but judicious application to the requirements of enlarging industry is not only a sure guarantee of a healthy and vigorous maturity, but also a decided indication that the controlling and dispensing hand is directed by those correct mathematical principles which the experience of ages has taught us to regard as well-nigh infallible. Among many legiti- mate causes for self-gratulation, Petersburg can boast of several examples 120 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL in support of this theory, and, with no desire to be lavish of compliment in any si)ecial direction, it may be fairly said that the foregoing remarks ap- ply with convincing force to the firm whose name is placed at the head of this article. For many years past, Messrs. Watson & McGill have been extensively engaged in the manufacture of plug and twist tobacco for the foreign trade, towards the supply of which Petersburg contributes more largely than any other city in the United States. Gradually but surely the busi- ness of the firm has grown in importance, and has latterly assumed such extended proportions that, in 1883, the old three-story factory on West Washington street, although of considerable Capacity and measuring two hundred by si.vty feet, was found to be cjuitc inadeciuate to the in- creased and increasing reciuirements, and a handsome new wing, of ecjual height and covering eighty by forty feet of ground, was added and fitted up with the most approved appliances — the whole forming one of the most commodious and complete tobacco manufactories in the country. The force employed in this busy establishment numbers about four hun- dred experienced hands, and the article they turn out finds much favor in the eyes — and mouths — of the dwellers in distant lands. The markets of Europe and Australia are the principal channels through which the pro- ducts of this factory find their way to the consumers, and among the nu- merous brands which have been most directly instrumental in spreading the name and fame of Messrs. Watson & McGill, at home and abroad, as among the most capable, reliable and enterprising manufacturers of Vir- ginia's great staple product may be mentioned : " Black Swan," " Over the Water," "New Zealand Joys," "Triumph," "International," "Peach Basket," "La Honradez," " Le Grand" and "McRac," besides many others, the popularity of which is necessarily limited to the markets for which they are specially manufactured. WILLIAMSON .V' ROUTH. The most conspicuous building in the western suburbs of the city is the three-story brick' tobacco factory of this firm, situated on South Street, near the basin of the LTpper Appomattox Canal. The business was founded in 1S60, by the senior member of the firm, Mr. J, P. Williamson, who car- ried it on successfully for twenty years alone. In 18S0 Mr. James E. Routh was admitted to partnership and the present firm established. The fac- tory, which is well supplied with all necessary machinery for the manufac- ture'of all kinds of plug and twist, and for the preparation of foreign leaf and strips, employs from one hundred and twenty-five to one hundred and fifty hands, and is capable of putting out 5,000 pounds of manufactured tobacco a day. Its products are shipped to Europe, Australia, India and the West Indies, where they have become very popular and enjoy a steady demand. The principal brands manufactured by this firm are " Vuelta Abajo," most of which goes to Havana, and "Two Flags," which finds its market in London. Messrs. Williamson «Mr JE' JS, 9» IT DATES BACK TO THE COLONIAL DAYS, HAVING BEEN BUILT ABOUT THE YEAR 1770 BY ONE WILLIAM BARKSDALE. AND WAS ORIGINALLY CALLED ' 'BARKSDALES WAREHOUSE. " IT WAS PURCHASED IN THE FIRST YE.Ui OF THIS CENTURY BY AN ENGLISH SETTLER NAMED ROBERT MOORE, WHOSE NAME IT HAS SINCE BORNE. IT IS SUBSTANTIALLY BUILT OF BRICK AND ROOFED WITH SLATE IMPORTED FROM WALES, WHICH HA\'E SUCCESS- FULLY WITHSTOOD THE STORMS AND RAVAGES OF A CENTURY, AND ARE TO-DAY IN A PERFECT STATE OF PRESERVATION. AFTER THE DEATH OF ROBERT MOORE AND HIS SON, THE WAREHOUSE BECAME THE PROPERTY OF THE CHILDREN OF WILLIAM DAVIDSON, OF LONDON, FROM WHOSE HEUIS IT WAS PURCHASED IN 1870 BY ITS PRESENT PROPRIETORS, MESSRS. WATSON & MCGILL, TOBACCO MANUFACTURERS, OF PETERSBURG. IT FRONTS ABOUT TWO HUNDRED FEET ON MARKET bTREET, BY A DEPTH OF THREE HUNDRED FEET. AND IS CENTRALLY AND CONVENIENTLY SITUATED. IT IS THE OLD. EST TOBACCO WAREHOUSE IN PETERSBURG, AND REPRESENTS AN ENOR- MOUS BUSINESS, PAST AND PRESENT. UNTIL RECENTLY IT HAS, IN COM- MON WITH OTHER WAREHOUSES OF THE CITY, BEEN SUBJECT TO THE CONTROL OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT, BUT IN FUTURE IT WILL BE CON. DUCTED AS A "PRIVATE WAREHOUSE," UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF MANAGERS APPOINTED BY ITS O^VNERS. THE PRESENT MANAGERS ARE MESSRS. JAMES M. PARHAM AND PERRY STOKES. BOTH BEING GEN- TLEMEN OF LONG EXPERIENCE AS SAMPLERS AND INSPECTORS UNT:)ER THE OLD REGIME, WHEN THE STATE CLA.IMED AN INTEREST IN THE BUSI- NESS OF THE WAREHOUSES, AND VIRTUALLY CONTROLLED THEIR AF- FAIRS. WITHIN THE LAST DECADE THE PREMISES HAVE BEEN THOR- OUGHLY REPAIRED AND ENLARGED BY THE ADDITION OF AN EXTENSIVE WING, WHICH FRONTS ON FRIEND STREET. IT AFFORDS EXCELLENT AC- COMMODATION FOR THE WAGONS AND HORSES OF PLANTERS BRINGING THEIR TOBACO AND OTHER PRODUCE TO THE CITY BY ROAD, WHILE ITS CAPACITY FOR STORING HOGSHEADS IS ALMOST UNLIMITED. MOORE'S WAREHOUSE IS WELL KNOWN TO EVERY TOIUCCO PLANTER WITHIN THE WHOLE OF PETERSBURG'S TRIBUTARY R.\DIUS, AND THOUSANDS OF HOGS- HEADS FROM MORE DISTANT POINTS ARE liECEIVED AND SOLD THERE DURING THE YEAR. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 127^- F. W. JONES, Brunswick. W. T. HARVEY, Nottoway. CENTRE WAREHOUSE, JONES & HARVEY, CENTRALLY SITUATED ON ■VsT^SHIIIsrOTOIsr STI^EET, NEAR DEPOT OF Petersburg and Weldon Railroad. MMceiiBmt AaaammQdmimm -FOR- WAGONS AND HORSES. BEST ATTENTION GIVEN TO SALES OF AND SETTLEMENTS MADE PROMPTLY. PETERSBURG, VA 128 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL J. J. PERCIVALL, Pktersburg, | W. M. FIELD, Dinwiddie. West Hill Warehouse, *mvmMSMWMm9 fm< PERCIVALL & FIELD ■ ■ Samplers. PERSONAL ATTENTION TO SALES AND PROMPT RETURNS. OUR XHW SIIHDS AND ROOMS •will soon ba completed, giviuL,^ us ample accommodation. Insurance on Tobacco Free. THE LARGEST AND MOST CENTRALLY LOCATED WARE- HOUSE IN THE CITY. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. I29» THE VIRGINIA SLATE-ROOFING COMPANY. O. O. THOMAS & CO. For many years past, Virginia and the adjoining States have been in- debted to this Company for some of the finest slate roofing ever done- within their borders, and Petersburg alone furnishes many hundreds of pal- pable testimonials to the excellence of its work. Mr. O. O. Thomas is the senior member of the firm and the managing director of the company. He has had a long and practical experience in every department of his trade, and has earned the highest encomiums from all who have employed his services. Among the prominent buildings and residences in this city, the Company can point to the following, as offering examples of its superior slate roofing, namely : The Central Lunatic Asylum, the Normal School, the Library Hall, the residence of John McGill, Esq., on Market Street (a view of which 's shown on page 45), the residence of James E. Routh, Esq., on Washington Street, and others which might be numbered by scores. In fact, nearly all the slating done in Petersburg during the last seven years, is the work of this firm. But their fame is by no means confined to this City, or even to this State. The roof of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum, at Williamsburg, is their work. So is the roof of Hampden-Sydney College, at Farmville, and that of the Union Depot at Bristol, and of the» Norfolk & Western Railroad Company's Depot at Lynchburg. The roofing of the beautiful Public Square, at Nashville, Tenn., was also furnished by them, and they have left grand samples of their handiwork at Atlanta, Ga., Chattanooga, Tenn., and many other cities. The Norfolk & Western Railroad Company has employed the services of O. O. Thomas & Co. upon many of their new buildings during a period of several years, and has given them the high- est recommendations. There is no part of a building, whether it be a public hall or a private residence, upon which its comfort and value so much depend as its roof, and it is of the utmost importance that this portion of the structure should be intrusted only to skilled and experienced hands, and there are none to be found, North or South, better skilled or more experienced than those of O. O. Thomas & Co., otherwise known as the Virginia Slate Roofing Com- pany. They own and operate slate quarries, and can therefore supply the material as well as the labor, without the expensive aid of middle-men. In Tennessee alone, six hundred and seventy-five buildings, public and pri- vate, have been roofed by this firm, and a much larger number in Virginia and North Carolina. In addition to Slate Roofing of all kinds, they also furnish and lay slate flagging for pavements, as well as furnishing tin and iron Gutters, Valleys, Ridges, etc. The offices of the Company are at No^ 142 Sycamore Street, Petersburg, Va. »«3o HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL PEANUTS. Within the hist ten years the Eastern section of Virginia has developed a wonderful trade in this product, and has outstripped all other States in its cultivation. In the season of 1873-4 Virginia produced only 225,000 bushels, while in 18S3-4 her yield aroounted to 1,250,000 bushels. The light, sandy soil of the Tidewater Counties seems to suit the crop exactly, and the peanuts grown in A'irginia command a higher price than those raised in any other State. There are in Petersburg si.x peanut "factories," or cleaning establish- ments, which give employment to hundreds of hands, and ship their various brands to all parts of the North and West, daily. The nuts, or rather their hulls, are cleaned, polished, and assorted according to size by machinery, which does the work better and more expeditiously than was possible un- der the old system of washing and distributing by hand. The peanut is of African origin, and was introduced to this country by some trading vessel — probably a "slaver." The African nut, however, is is of inferior quality as an article of food, although it is extremely val- uable as a commercial commodity, for it produces a large proportion of the so-called olive oil of French manufacture. Nearly the entire crop of this State is grown in the counties lying imme- diately to the east of Petersburg, and a large share of the whole yield is purchased by our dealers and distributed by them to the various points of consumption. After Virginia, the States of Tennessee and North Carolina produce the largest crops, and the following comparative statement of each year's yield since 1873, copied from Mr. Cary W. Jones' book, Norfolk as a Bu- siness Centre, will be found of interest to those engaged in the trade : Season. Virginia. Tennessee. North Carolina. Total. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. 1873-4 1874-5 1875-6 1876-7 1877-8 1878-9 1879-80 .... 1880-1 1881-2 1882-3 1883-4 225,000 350,000 450,000 780,000 405,000 875,000 1,350,000 1,500,000 825,00c 1,250,000 1,250,000 175,000 200,000 235,000 500,000 325,000 425,000 750,000 750,000 250,000 460,000 600,000 60,000 120,000 100,000 125,000 100,000 90,000 120,000 120,000 75,000 140,000 150,000 460,000 670,000 785,000 1,405,000 830,000 1,390,000 2,220,000 2,370,000 1,150,000 1,850,000 2,000,000 GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. I31 COIMIIMIISSIOI^ IMIEZE^OHZJ^USTTS And Wholesale Dealers in HAND-PICKED AND SCREENED SHELLED Virginia and Spanish Shelled Nuts. <^LEANED AND HAND-PICKED PEANUTS A SPECIALTY. STANDARD BRANDS, 'EUREKA," 'CROWN," 'SPANISH STARS, "PRINCE GEORGE," 'EXTRA," 'SPANISH SHELLED." Beeswax, Beans, Peas, Butter, [ggs. Hides, Furs, &c. Corner BoUingbrook and Second Streets, PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA. 132 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL mm S, PHILLIPS & CD., CLEANERS AND HAND-PICKERS OF PEANUTS. -PiCKEO, SHELLED UNO SCREENED PEilNUTS. Lights, Flags, Crescent, Champion, Fancy Cubes, Extra Virginias. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. j^^^Quotations furnished on applicaiion and subject to fluctuations of the market. FACTORY AND OFFICES: 20 BoUiugbrook Street, Petersburg, Va. NEW YORK OFFICE : 233 FULTON STREET. GUIDE TO PETESBURG, VA. ^33 § t »i -^ 1 S ^ > t-T-t O Jzi ^ txj SI 5 ^ o -t<3 ;3 1 > 59 ^ h— 1 o ?^ o ^ ^ v^ in 8 « cioS o 1 ^ HI ?! O ^ 5 o 2 (—1 j^ o M ^ X CO f^ «H. K^ ^ > 5 i ^S1 CO 7i J oc o X ^ > o > 1 > r r o n ^ Tj w *c- o u P^ "Z ^ > g o >3 < > J I^ ^3 »3 W H p^ 4 g f P 't' Is D o O O [34 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL JOS. B. WORTH. CLEANER AND HAND-PICKER OF Factory and Office : Ho. 13 Old Street, Petersturg, Va. '"'EAGLE AND FLAG" BRAND Fancy Hand-Picked and Polished Virginia Peanuts. "SHIELD" BRAND Fancy Hand-Picked and Polished Spanish Peanuts. CHOICE SPANISH SHELLED PEANUTS A SPECIALTY. I^^All Quotations at Factory and subject to Fluctuations of the Market. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. R. C. MARKS. R. A. "*KC MARKS &C0., Virginia antl ^P'^^ . . ESTABLISHED IN 1«C8. ' ESTABLISHED IN 1868. GEO. DAVIS & CO., MANUFACTUREKS AND CLEANERS OF ALL GRADES OF VIRGINIA AND SPANISH, SHELLED AND UNSHELLED 29 BOLLINGBROOK STREET, PETERSBURG, VA. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. I35 BUTTER DISH FACTORY. GEORGE A. MANNIE & CO. It was with much gratification that the people of Petersburg received the announcement, about four years ago, that an entirely new enterprise was to be established here by some gentlemen from the North, for the purpose of manufacturing butter dishes, veneers, and other kindred articles of com- merce, although it must be admitted that some doubts were entertained as to the stability and success of the undertaking. Time has confirmed the feeling of gratification and dissipated the doubts which accompanied it, and the firm of George A. Mannie & Co. — or rather " The Butter Dish Factory, by which name the concern is more generally known — has be- come one of the institutions of the City, and has already become an ac- knowledged power for good in the community, under the personal man- agement of Mr. George A. Mannie, the resident partner and head of the firm. The factory, which is situated on Hinton Street, in the western sectio» of the City, covers a considerable area and employs about one hundred hands, nearly all of whom are from among the most respectable of our poorer white citizens of the weaker sex, who are physically incapacitated from engaging in the heavier labor and heated atmosphere of the tobacco factories and other important industries of the place. Hence the estab- lishment here of such a concern as the one now under consideration could not fail to be a veritable godsend. The capacity of the factory, with its complete outfit of steam engines and machinery, is one hundred thousand butter dishes a day, and orders for this number can be filled at a very few days' notice, except during the busiest seasons. The output is mostly sent to New York, whence the dishes are distrib- uted over the whole length and breadth of the United States by Messrs. D. S. Walton & Co., of West Broadway and Franklin Streets, the well- known large manufacturers of Manilla Paper, Paper Bags, etc., who are the sole agents of the butter dishes made at the Petersburg factory. No effort has been made to establish a foreign trade for these commodi- ties, but there is little room for doubt that such a demand could be created as would necessitate the enlargement of the factory and the employment of an increased force of hands, and both of these results are most desirable. Enterprises like this are entitled to all the support and encouragement that can be given them, and it is earnestly to be hoped that the Butter Dish Fac- tory of Petersburg may prove a grand and permanent success. 136 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL PETERSBURG, VA, JAMES E. ROUTH, P^EglDEJ^I' RjlV^ I'l^EyiglJl^EI^. MANAGER. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. I37 .COMMISSION MERCHANTS, GROCERS AND MERCHANDISE BROKERS. These three important branches of Petersburg's trade are here grouped to- Igether, for the reason that they are too closely allied to each other to admit of separate treatment. United, they cover a vast and varied field and em- brace many interests. Indeed, there is no department of commercial enter- prise represented in the City which employs so much capital, engages so many of our leading business men, or exercises so wide-spread an influence over the whole territory which recognizes Petersburg as its principal or cen- tral market. It is customary among our wholesale grocers to act also as commission merchants, and vice versa. Vast quantities of cotton, tobacco, peanuts grain, bacon, poultry and other kinds of produce, are received here for sale on commission, and the consignments are often accompanied by or- ders for provisions or cash. An open account is frequently kept by the planter with his commission merchant, who advances what goods, fertili- zers and money may be required by his country customer, from harvest to harvest, and it occasionally happens that the latter is unable, through mis- fortune or some other cause, to make a settlement even at harvest time, in which event his commission merchant must " carry " him till the following year, taking a mortgage lien upon land or future crops, as security. It will be seen that considerable capital is required to carry on a business of this kind, and it is estimated that nearly a million dollars is invested in it by our merchants, about a quarter of this amount being employed by those who do an exclusively commission business and carry no stock. When it is is remembered that from 25,000 to 50,000 bales of cotton, 500,000 to 600,000 bushels of peanuts, 5,000,000 pounds of loose leaf and 10,000 hogsheads of tobacco, besides other articles of produce in proportionate quantities, are received here annually, and that the greater portion passes through thehands of our commission merchants, the immense importance of their operations will appear ; and it may be here stated, without fear of contra- diction, that in no town in the United States can be found a more sound, solvent and successful body of business men than they, in proportion to the population and the amount of capital involved. The Grocery Trade of Peter-^burg may also be quoted as holding a most satisfactory position. It is ahiiost entirely in the hands of prudent, expe- rienced men, of sufficient financial strength to enable them to keep on hand extensive and varied stocks of goods, and to supply the retail traders of the adjoining counties of this State and North Carolina with almost every commodity usually found in country stores. Our excellent transpor- tation facilities by railroad, river and canal, are even now being improved and increased in every direction, and the prospects for our expanding trade are brighter to-day than they have ever been since the close of the war, in I865. The Merchandise Brokers, of whom there are three firms in Peters- burg, are auxiliary to the wholesale grocery trade, and their influence on the market is most beneficial. 13S HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL Efstablisheil 1^74. E. M. ALLEN. N. B. PRICHARD. ALLEN & PRICHARD —AND— COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 12 Old Street, Petersburg, Va. FLOUR, MEAL, SUGARS, COFFEE, TEAS, BUTTER, CHEESE, BACON AND BULK MEATS, LARD, MACKEREL, HERRLNGS, SALT, SYRUP, SOAP, NAILS, MATCHES, ROPE AND PAPER. In fact All Articles Usually Kept in a Wholesale Grocery House. AGI-NTS FOR —AND— Baltinofe United Oil Compauf's Kefosene Oil, SPECIAL I XDi CEMENTS TO PROMPT PAYING AND CASH CUSTOMERS. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA, I39 R. T. ARRINGTON. S. P. ARRINGTON. John Arrington &, Sons COMMISSION MERCHAHTS, GENERAL AGENTS FOR Pacific Guano, McComb Arrow Tie Company, and BridgewaterlFlour, NOS. 31 AND 33 SYCAMORE STREET, Petersburg, Ylrglnia. HANDLE ALL KINDS OF PKODUCE, COTTON, TOBACCO, PEANUTS,1&C. Bright Tobacco a Specialty. R. T. ARRINGTON, I S. P. ARRINGTON. R. T. ARRINGTON, Jr., | F. W. SCOTT. ARRINGTONS & SCOTT, General Com'n Merchants, Shockoe Slip, I40 HISTORICAI, AND INDUSTRIAL 3 Bo IBAIMj COMMISSION MERCHANT, 44 SYCAMORE STREET, PUOMPT PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO EHE SALE ON ALL PRODUCE CONSIGNED TO ME. Leaf Tobacco, Coltoo, Giaio aoo Peanuts, Specialties, DEALER IN NO. 1 PERUVIAN GUANO, AND AGENT FOR SEVERAL POPULAR BRANDS OF FERTILIZERS. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. I4I J. GARLAND BLACKWELL S CO, GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS, IJo. 55 IJortb Sycaii]ore St., PETERSBURG, VA. CONSIGNMENTS OF COTTON, TOBACCO, PEANUTS, CORN, POULTRY, AND COUNTRY PRODUCE WILL RECEIVE PERSONAL ATTENTION. PEOMPT EETURNS MADE AND LIBERAL ADVANCES ON PKODUCE IN HAND. Correspondence Solicited. 142 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL H. C. DAVIS. BARTLETT ROPER. F. E. DAVIS. DAVIg, ROPKR & CO,, —AND— Ueneral Comission Merchants, Petersburg, VA., KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND A LARGE STOCK OF GOODS, WHICH THEY OFFER AT THEY SOLICIT CONSIGNMENTS OF PRODUCE AND MERCHANDISE, And get the Best Prices for the Same. THEY ARE ALSO AGENTS FOR THE FLOUR, CORN MEAL AND MILL FEED. ORDERS SOLICITED. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 145 S. M. GREEN. C. E. BURTON. GREEN &, BURTON, GROCERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 30 North Sycamore Street, Petersburg, Va. PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL CONSIGNMENTS OF COTTOH, TOBACCO, CORH, WHEAT, PEAHUTS, AND OTHER COUNTRY PRODUCE. Orders for Goods Soiieiied. gPECIj^Ii INDaCEpENTg 6FFERED ¥0 C^gp Cag¥0JIE^g AGENTS FOR — AND— Allison & Addison s Star U Brand GREEN & BURTON, -144 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL -FREEMAN W. JONES, THOS. CALLENDER, Brunswick County. Petersburg. GROCERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS, NO. 48 SYCAMORE STREET, PETERSBURG, VA, National Tobacco and Cotton Manure, AND ORCHILLA GUANO. CONSIGNMENTS OF COrrON, TOBACCO, CORN, WHEAT, PEANUTS, BACON, AND COUNTRY PRODUCE GENERALLY. SHALL HAVE AND PROMPT RETURNS Will be Made when Sales are Effected. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. i4s; ROBT. A. MARTIN. ROBT. R. HILL. A. G. M. MARTIN.. ==ai3S3JQax>^= MARTIN, HILL & CO., Grocers | Commission Merchants NO. 11 SYCAMORE STREET, Petersfoiirg-, Va. FAITHFUL PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE SALE OF Cotton, Tobacco, Wheat, Gofo, Peanuts, k,, 41© MliK4ls ASffl m4m il i4Mio OEDEES FOE GOODS SOLICITED FEOM PUNCTUAL, RESPONSIBLE PARTIES- ALL OEDEES WILL BE FILLED AT FAIE PEICES. MARTIN, HII^I^ & CO,, Peterskircr, Ya. 146 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL J.C.ROBINSON. B. D. TILLAR. Robinson, Mar ^ k, Commission Merchants. No. 40 Sycamore Street, Petersturg, Va. SOLICIT CONSIGNMENTS OF COTTON. TOBACCO, CORN, PEANUTS. And Country Produce Generally. QU/C/C SALES AND PROMPT RETURNS. ORDERS FOR GROCERIES, BAGGING AND TIES WILL BE FILLED AT THE LOWEST MARKET RATES. AGENTS FOR LONG'S PREPARED CHEMICALS ; EXCELLENZA SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE ; BONE AND PERUVIAN GUANO ; ACID PHOSPHATE, PURE KAINITE ; Genuine Peruvian Guano. And the Brands of the UPSHUR GUANO COMPANY, of Norfolk, Va. The CHESAPEAKE GUANO COMPANY, of Baltimore, Md.; And the MARYLAND FERTILIZING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, of Baltimore, Md. MoMuson, Ttiiar & Co., > PETERSBURG, VA. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 147 DEALER IN TrjEj^L.®, Wines, Lii^uors and Provisions, iiiBia3Mi;¥.'iiyr*);Mfgi No. 5 North Sycamore Street, Sole Agent for Moerlein's Cincinnati Beer and "Appomattox" New Family Flour, Patent Roller Process ; (The Best in the Market.) I have always on hand and am continually receiving per steamers from Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston and New York, fresh supplies of all goods in my line. All goods are warranted, and will be sold at the lowest market prices. The patronage of my friends in the city and surrounding country is re- spectfully solicited by 148 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL GEO, B. PRICHARD, -^Grocer-l-ai!(l-!-6or}tectioi]er<- DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF FIRST-CLASS FAMILY GROCFKIES AM) PROVISIONS. ALL GOODS WARRAjXTED TO BE AS GOOD AND AS CHEAP AS ANY IN THE MARKET. A LARGE STOCK OF CANNED GOODS AND DRIED FRUITS. NO. 202 HIGH STREET, FXSTSRSBURG, VA. J. H. CABANISS. CHAS. LUNSFORD. CABANI32 k I^UN^FOHD, 21 OLD STREET, NEAR SYCAMORE, FETERSBURG, VA. Seed mid Produce^ Butter and Cheese, Flour atzd Feed, Graitt cm^d Hay. GIVE FAITHFUL ATTENTION TO CONSIGNMENTS AND MAKE PROMPT RETURNS. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. II^^Refcr to the Bank of Petersburg. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 149 rBC. EETAIL DEALER IN FA MIL Y GROCERIES. .^1 :^: Specialties: TEAS, COFFEES AND CANNED GOODS. Halifax and Union Streets, Petersburg, Va. Jo^il P. Peebles, ""^ — DEALER IN "" *** FmdUQQtj FgrQigm ^ud BamesiiiQ Fruits „ AH Kinds QiBrisd! FruHsif PQtatQe^f Bsausp PQas,, Butter,, G'hm§i@,y Eggs,, ^0« PEANUTS A SPECIALTY. 15 BOLLINGBROOK STREET, PETERSBURG, VA. 'Highest Cash Price paid for Country Produce. SAMUEL J. HURT, •^6]^8CEl^v^ND:C0MMI33I0N:ME^CPP<- IVO. 7 OLD STREET, PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE SALE OF TOBACCO, WHEAT, CORN, COTTON, &C. 150 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL T. J. JARRA TT. W. J. JARRATT. T. J. JARRATT & SON, C£?0I\IMISS3:0K ^TETJCHAaVT^S? STKICT TEKSONAL ATT]:.\riUN (iULN IX) THE SAEE UE Cotton, Peanuts, Tobacco, Wheat, Corn and Produce Generally. I^^BAGGING AND TIES furnished at lowest rates. No. 38 NoBTH Stoamore Street, PEXEnsPTiBQ, Va. JOHN R. PATTERSON. WM. A. MADISON. Patterson, Madison & Co., ESTABLISHED 1869. Wliolssals hm ana Mm MMi NO. 43 SYCAMORE STREET, PETERSBURG, VA. D' ALTON & CO, WHOLESALE GROCERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 32 SYCAMORE STREET, PETERSBURG, VA. t^°At Entrance to Westhill Warehouse. EDW. J. BOND. WM. A. BOND. RJ.BOND&BRO., DEALERS IN Choice Teas, Pure Spices and Coffees, Preserves, Jellies, Pickles, Sauces. Catsups and Canned Goods of All Kinds. //5 SOUTH AVENUE (Orr. New Market), PETERSBURG, VA. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. I51 187-4:. EST^BILiISHIElID 1874=. JOS. W. WHEARY. DEALER IN Family Groceries, Mill Feed, Cigars, Tobacco, &c., 260 (HEAD OF) OLD STREET, DEALER IN Teas, Wines, I^iguors, Cigars, to, 253 HALIFAX STREET, PETERSBURG, VA. W. H. H. BAGWELL. JAMES M. WILLIAMS. Wholesale Gfoceis aod uOfnmissloo Mefchaots, NO. 5 IRON FRONT, Sycamore St., Petersburg, Va. W. T. HUBBARD & CO., Grocers and Commission Merchants. 10 AND 12 N. SYCAMORE STREET, PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA Personal attention given to the sale of Cotton, Tobacco, Wheat, &c. and prompt returns made. Consignments respectfully solicited. WMQI^E^ALE ANB EEWAIE GROCERS AND LIQUOR DEALERS ,_ FRAffiLlN STREET, Adj'oMiii West HiU WareMse, FSTEXISBURG, VA. HISTORICAL AND INUUSTKIAL J. C. BLAKE, Wholesale and Rktail C()>lmissi()N Mkkchant, Dealer in Flour, Corn, Meal, Oats, Hay and All Kinds of Oround Feed for Horses and Ct)\vs. Choice Groceries and Ship Stores. Xf o. 3 Old Street. Petersburg, Virginia. Special attention given to Poultry and Game, and all consignments of Country Produce. BLAKE'S ARCTIC REFRIGERATOR. JAMES H GRAY. GEO. M. INGE. General Commission Merchants, SALES OF COTTON, GRAIN AND LEAF TOBACCO, SFECIALTIES. NO. 43 NORTH SYCAMORE ST., Petersburg, Va. SPRATL1:Y \^ KIDD. AM) DEALERS IX Lime, Plaster, Cement, Hay, Oats, &c. Seed a Specialty. 46 Sycamore Street, Petersburg, Va. "olid co^s^:F:EIDElI^A tie conyriDv^iss.A.s,'^-" Wholesale Grocer, Liquor Dealer and Commission Merchant. Liberal advances made on consignments. Goods sold cheaper than the cheapest. Country Orders promptly hlled. NO. 230 SYCAMORE STREET, PETERSBURG, VA. Wholesale Grocer and Jobber of All Grades and Styles of AT FACTORY PRICES. NO 1 OLD STREET, Petersburg, Virginia. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN Groceries, Wines, Liquors, Cigars, Etc., Etc. Recently removed from HaWax Street to No. 36 N. Sycamore Street (Next to Entrance to Westhill Warehouse), Petersburg, Virginia. H. L. PLUMMER, Jb. GEORGE W. BAIN. PLUMMEB, BAIN & CO., GENERAL PRODUCE DEALERS, 44 SYCAMORE STREET, PETERRBURG. VA. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. I53 J. HAMPDEN SLATER, GENERAL MERCHANDISE BROKER, GKAIN, FLOUR AND PKOVISIONS, SPECIALTIES. ^o. 3 Tabb {Street, Petersburg, Virginia. References : Hinton & Dunn, Petersburg Savings and Insurance Company, and general jobbing trade. Charles E. Smith. T. M. Perkins. Corner Sycamore and Tabb Streets, Petersburg, Va. In direct telegraphic communication with the New York and Chicago Markets. Offer the best service in the execution of orders in Options. 'Flour, Grain, Provisions and General Merchandise. James Dunlop, Jr. W. W. Townes. DUNLOP & TOWNES, ©EKEMAt MEmCMAMBISE BMOMEmSt 43 Si/caniore Street, Petersburg, Virf/inia. C^^Best References GivEN.'^^a BANKS. Petersburg is under no necessity for an}^ exceptional banking accommo- dations, for the reason that she is not, like Norfolk, for instance, a great seaport requiring enormous advances of cash for the purchase of whole crops of cotton, and for other kindred purposes. On the contrary, our large shippers, who are also manufacturers, draw direct on their consignees in London and other foreign points, and are the channels through which large sums of money are constantly introduced, instead of acting as drains through which the bank vaults are periodically depleted. -Our commission merchants also rely, to a great extent, upon their own capital, for carrying on their business, and the banks, therefore, are not liable to be called upon for any extraordinary discounts, but serve rather as depositories and collecting agencies, than as mere money lenders. It thus happens that the three sound banking institutions which flourish here, although they are all kept very busy the year round, are quite able to transact all the busi- ness that seeks them, and to meet all possible demands upon their ample resources. Two of these banks are joint-stock companies and are owned and directed by our most substantial merchants, manufacturers and capi- talists. 154 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL THE PETERSBURG PEa^EBSEUJlG, ^^IBGII^IA, Cajntal, $200,000. Surplus and Reserve, $94,630, FRED. R. SCOTT, President, D. B. DUGGER, Cashier. ALEX. DONXAN, Vice-Prest., E. W. BUTCHER, Secretary. WM. H. SCOTT, Assistant Secretary. ALEXANDER DONNAN, JOHN MANN, F. EUGENE DAVIS, D. B. TENNANT, DR. D. W. LASSITER, E. C. VENABLE, RICHARD G. PEGRAM, SAMUEL B. PAUL, JOHN P. BRANCH," N. M. OSBORNE, R. M. DOBIE, E. M. ALLEN, STATEMENT. DECEMBER 31ST, 1883 Cash on Hand $ 79.702 55 Due by Banks and Bankers 40,292 11 Loans and Discounts G!)3,17U 84 Stocks and Bonds 140,040 00 Ileal Estate 2r>.787 49 Preminius Due 10.054 59 Due for Rent 357 50 *1,001,414 OS Capital $ 200.000^00 Certificates of Deposit 4S7, 144.54 Individual Deposits rJ0.N79*17 Due Banks and Bankers.. 15.38G 61 Dividend January, 1884., . 8,005'00 Due Agents 13*67 Insurance Losses Unpaid. 5, 355*08 lleiuRur.ince lleserve 34,026^85 Interest Reserve 18.207^67 Net Surplus 42,395.49 .*1. 001, 414 08 GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. IS5 The Bank of Petersburg, PBTBRSBURG, VA. R. H. JONES, Jr., President. JOSEPH CARR, Vice-President. SAMUEL STEVENS, Cashier. CH:^^I^TEI^EI^ TJ3^I^EI^ st-A-te Xij^"W" in^r i872- CAPITAL, $64,800. :0: Transacts a General Banking Busin ess a nd Solicits Correspondence. Particular attention paid to Collections and Remittances made promptly. No extra charge made for Collections when drawn with Exchange. No charge for collections on Richmond, Lynchburg, Norfolk or Suffolk. Exchange issued on All Principal Cities in Europe. DIRECTORS : R. H. Jones, Jr. Joseph carr, Augustus Wright, T. S. Beckwith, Jr. Alexander Wilson, T. F. Rives, Wm. M. Field. FERTILIZERS. :o: During the last few years the demand for fertilizers has been far in ex- cess of the supply of natural guano and manure, and has led to its manu- facture on a very large scale. In the newly and sparsely settled Territo- ries of the West, where the land has been under cultivation for a compara- tively short period, the need of an artificial stimulus to the soil has as yet been little felt, but in the East it has become indispensable. The ground has been tilled by succeeding generations until its nourishing power is ex- hausted and requires periodical and systematic renewing to render it once more fertile and productive. Especially is this the case in the Eastern portion of Virginia, the Carolinas and other States where the trucking bu- siness is extensively carried on and where tobacco, cotton, peanuts and grain are raised as staples. The richest soil can only supply a certain lim- ited amount of nutrition to the vegetation it sustains, and when that nu- trition has been exhausted by over-cropping it must be restored, either by the slow process of natural recuperation or else by such artificial means as science may suggest and experience approve. The latter alternative ob- viously commends itself to the practical planter and farmer, and the result is that artificial fertilizers are now in almost universal use among agricul- turalists, and fertilizer factories are to be found in Petersburg as well as in all other Eastern and Southeastern industrial centres. Several of our com- mission merchants are local agents for the brands manufactured in Rich- mond, Norfolk, Baltimore and elsewhere, which are best adapted to the re- quirements of our staple crops and the character of our soil, and the sale of this. one article in Petersburg amounts annually to about $150,000. 156 HISTORICAL AND INDl'S IRIAI. D avie ^ WhitSe MANUFACTURERS YIBBEKIA. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 157 POCOMOKE SUPER-PHOSPHATE. THE PRINCE OF FERTILIZERS. PRONOUNCED BY ALL WHO HAVE TRIED IT TO BE The Best Fertiliser in Use FOR COTTON, TOBACCO, PEANUTS, CORN, EARLY TRUCK, &c. FISH HAWK GUANO. In obedience to the pressing and ever-increasing demand for a FIRST- CLASS BUT LOW-PRICED FERTILIZER, we have prepared with great care this NEW BRAND, which will be found of great value under ALL CROPS, but more especially for WHEAT, CORN, OATS AND COTTON, and on every description of soil. It contains all the essential properties of Plant Food, and will be found to permanently enrich the land wherever applied. We do not claim for FISH HAWK GUANO the same excellence which distinguishes POCOMOKE SUPER-PHOS- PHATE, but we do t/n/iesitatingly claim for the former that for general fer- tilizing purposes it is UNSURPASSED, if not UNEQUALLED, by any brand on the market at the same price. Farmers, Planters and Truckers will find it a most profitable investment, and if subjected to com- parative tests, we feel assured that FliH HAWK GUANO will not only hold its own, but defy successful competition in quality and price. MANUFACTURED BY Freeman, Lloyd, Mason & Dryden, jSOBFOLK, VA., AXD POCOMOKE, 3ID. E. B. BAIN, Agent. - - - Petersburg, Va. 158 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COTTON MILLS AND FACTORIES. The manufacture of Cotton in and around the City of Petersburg is second in importance only to that of tobacco, and has attracted much at- tention, for many years i)ast, at home and abroad. There are now in oper- ation in and near the City, six mills and factories, having in the aggregate about thirty thousand spindles and one thousand looms, and employing nearly one thousand hands. Their products, consisting of Sheetings, Shirt- ings, Drills. Duck, Osnaburgs, and other varieties of Domestics, are known in all the leading markets of this country, and are sought for to some ex- tent, by exporters in South America aiKl the West Indies, where they are regarded with much favor and command the highest prices paid for similar cotton goods. Among the stockholders and directors, of these mills and factories, are several of the wealthiest capitalists and merchants of the City, and there is good reason for feeling encouraged with regard to the future of this important indu.stry, for the re-opening of the Upper Appomattox Canal and the extensive improvements recently completed upon their river property will render available a large supply of magnificent water-power, hitherto wasted, which will, in all probability, attract capital and enterprise to the City and its neighborhood, for the purpose of engaging in manufac- turing pursuits. Petersburg lies within the boundaries of the great cotton- producing region of the South, and enjoys direct access to its very centre, as also to the inexhaustible coal-fields of Western Virginia, which insures to her all the steam-power she could require upon very favorable terms, in addition to the excellent water-power referred to above. There is no valid reason, therefore, why this City, possessing, as has been shown, unsur- passed advantages, and having at hand the raw material as well as the wherewithal to convert it easily and economically into merchantable fab- rics, should not enter upon a spirited and successful competition with her less favored but more enterprising rivals at the North, and become as great a Cotton-manufacturing centre as any in New England. Swift Cfeel Cottoo Maoufactufiog Compaof, R. T. ARRINGTON, PRESIDENT. PLUMMER &. MORGAN, AGENTS. MANUFACTURE BROWN DOMESTICS IN A VARIETY OF STYLES. Mill at Swtft Creek, Chestekpteld Couxty. Office :: 44 §ycamQre St,, Petersburg, Va, Petersburg' Cotton Mills^ CANAL STREET, Near Head of Old Street. J. M. KITCHEN, Superinteudeut, aud BOLLINGBROOK STREET, Blandford. G. R. WILLIAMS, Superiuteudent, F. E. DAVIS, President. BARTLETT ROPER, Secretary aud Treasurer. 170 LOOMS. 6,000 SPINDLES C.\PACITY 7,000 Y.\RDS OF CLOTH A D.\Y. Mann .. tnre Several Varieties of BROWN DOMESTICS. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. Ico, Ettrick Manufacturiiig Company.. D. B. Tennant, President. R. R. Hill, Vice-President. DIRECTORS : D. B. Tennant, R. R. Hill, Alexander Donnan, Dr. D. Steel, George H. Byrd. David Callender, Agent. W. H. Wheary, Superintendent. C. L. Barksdale, Secretary. 7,560 Sji indies, 250 Looms, Manufacturers of Sheeting, Drills, Duck and OsnaburgSr . Matoaca Maoufactufiog Companf. Alex. Donnax, President. John McGill, Vice-President. DIRECTORS : Alexander Donnan, John McGill, James E. Routh, D. B. Tennant, George H. Byrd. :o: David Callender, Agent. W. H. Wheary, Superintendent. C. L. Barksdale, Secretary. OfOOO Spindles, 2oOLooms. Manufacturers of Sheetings, Shirtings and Drills.- Battefsea Manufactufing Company, Dr. D. Steel, President. J. Wesley Friend, Vice-President. DIRECTORS : Dr. D. Steel, J. Wesley Friend, D. B. Tennant, Alexander Donnan, George H. Byrd. David Callender, Agent. W. G. Radcliffe, Superintendent. C. L. Barksdale, Secretary. 3,600 Spindles, 100 Looms, IManiifacturers of Drills, Shirtings, Duck and Osnaburgs. •Jt6o HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL lid DomiDiofi Cotton Mills, Manctiestef, Vifginia. S. p. ARRINGTON, President. EDWARD GRAHAM, Agent and Treasurer. 9,000 SPINDLES. 250 LOOMS. Mannfiicturo all kinds of BKOWN DOMESTICS. Capacity Ten Bales Cottoui)crday. SUMAC. This section of country abounds in Sumac of a very fine quality, which is destined to become an important factor in the industrial and commercial life of Petersburg. The most valuable leaf comes from Sicily, and with this the Virginia product compares very favorably in the matter of strength. The principal fault found with our domestic Sumac is that it is gathered carelessly. There is too much stem picked with the leaves, which are also frequently brought to market with a liberal mixture of sand. If dealers in the country would take more care in this respect, the price would soon ad- vance and the domestic article would compete on something like even terms with its Sicilian rival. The directions for gathering Sumac properly are simple enough, and might easily be complied with. Pick only the leaf and leaf stem. Be care- ful that no sand becomes mixed with it. Cure in the shade, and turn fre- quently until dry. When dry it is ready for the market. The millers of Petersburg are always ready to furnish sacks, free of cost, and to pay the highest price for prime leaf Sumac. W. N. JONES. B. B. VAUGHAN. A. M. HILL. MANUFACTrKEKS OF APPOMATTOX MILL, Petersburg, Virginia. UIQHESTCASII PUICES PAID FOK LEAF SUMAC AND STICK-UAKK. Corrur^pondcncc solicited Hialto Mills, Peters"burg, Virginia. JAMES M. WILLIAMS, MERCHANT MILLER, -KEEPS AT ALL TIMES A SUPPLY OF THE BEST COKN MEAL. PHOPRIETOH OF THE GA.LIEO SUMAC MILLS. ORDERS RESRECTFULLY SOLICITED. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. l6l THE VIRGINIA HOG CHOLERA CURE, INDISPENSABLE TO FARMERS AND ALL WHO RAISE HOGS. THE MOST VIOLENT AND VIRULENT CASES OF " HOG CHOLERA" OR "SWINE PLAGUE" YIELD READILY TO ITS CURATIVE POWER. The remedy which we now offer, aud which is kuowu as "THE VIRGINIA HOG CHOLEKA CUKE " has proved itself au absolute safeguard against not only Cholera, but also against all other forms of " Swine Plagxie," and is a General Condition Powder of the most valuable and positive character. Wherever used it has completely eradica- ted the disease and caused the rapid growth and fattening of hogs. For 'poultry it has no superior, curing Chicken Cholera, keeping out Vermin, and securing a generally Healthful Condition. We are confident that its use will result in unlimited benefit to the farmer, insuring him against loss and rendering it as easy to raise hogs as if the Cholera were a thing un- known. After the disease has appeared it can be easily and quickly checked, it matters, not at what stage it may be taken, unless, indeed, the hog or hogs are actually in the throes of death. The ingredients contained in "THE VIRGINIA HOG CHOLERA CURE" are expensive, some being procured from widely separated countries, but in their combination they are but the gathered forces provided by Nature for the cure of these evils. For two years we refused to offer it for sale, and in all instances where applicants- proffered the money we declined, preferring that our preparation should be thoroughly and practically tested by hog raisers before putting it upon the market. It is now made up, nicely labeled with directions for using it, in one-pound and one- half-pound packages, and these packages are put up in substantial wooden cases, made to contain from twelve to twenty-four pounds, convenient for shipping. Where the party ordering is not known to us, the money must invariably accompany the order. If our farmers will club together and always keep a few packages of VIR- GINIA HOG CHOLERA CURE convenient for use, or use it every few days as a pre- ventive, they will keep out all kinds of disease, and their hogs will fatten more rapidly and keep in fine condition. To wait until the disease has obtained a foothold, before or- dering, is to invite the Plague and consequent loss. The value of one hog invested in the VIRGINIA HOG CHOLERA CURE will prevent the loss of several hundred hogs and positively prevent the Plague. Our patrons frequently request that packages be sent them by mail. The preparation is a fine powder, and the postal laws prohibit the trans- mission in the mails of all merchandise that will be likely to damage the contents of the pouches in the event of accident, hence we make all shipments by freight or express, and our customers will please note the fact that the charges upon one pound are about the same as upon a case containing twelve pounds. If your Druggists or General Stores, do not keep it, address letters to us, and they will receive prompt attention. We want reliable agents in every County in the Southern and Western States, and we will furnish terms upon request. BUTLER, WINSTON & Co., i^Laimfacturers, P. 0. Box 648, Norfolk, Ya.. E. B. BAIN, Agent for Petersburg Va. «62 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS. Owing, perhaps, to the proximity of "big Richmond," as well as to the •frequency of trains running to and from Petersburg in every direction, there does not appear to be the same necessity for many large hotels here as there would be if the City were less centrally situated or less favored in the mat- ter of Railroad schedules. As it is, we have three excellent hotels and numerous restaurants, and visitors from far and near will find ample ac- commodation, combined with every comfort, and a hospitable welcome. Our markets overflow with fish, game, poultry, fruits, vegetables and other luxuries for the table, and the bills of fare at our hotels and restaurants would not disgrace those of much larger cities. The hotels are conven- iently situated as regards the Railroad depots, banks, principal stores and public buildings, and are all within a stone's throw of the street railway- Moreover, they are all in the hands of experienced and careful proprietors, and ?re therefore well managed, and exempt from many of the discomforts which usually render hotel life anything but attractive. U8¥ElI (imY Tal)l) Street, Next Door to Postoffioe, PETERSBURG. VA. '^eijti-allij itocakd. _^ppointnient5 'jlipst-^lass. TO MEET THE WANTS OF Tourists and Commercial Travellers. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 163 BOLLINGBROOK HOTEL, . A. POTIT. - - - Proprietor. PETERSBURG, VA. BOARD, - - - $S.OO AX]> $S.50. Fine Bar and Billiard Hall, HOT AND COLD BATHS. New Furniture. Newly Papered. C^=It is the purpose of the Proprietor to have EVERYTHING FIRST-CLASS. t64 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL The Excliange and Ballard Hotels, Coruer fourteenth ami franklin ^Streets, These Weil-Known Leading Hotels Have Been Thoroughly Renovated, AND CAN NOW OFFER UNSURPASSED ACCOMMODATIONS FOR SIX HUNDRED GUESTS. , The Halls and Dining Rooms are HEATED BY STEAM, which ren- ders the House particularly attractive for Invalids and the Travelling Public generally. The Two Houses are connected by a COVERED SUSPENSION BRIDGE, which makes them practically One Hotel. Particular attention given Letters or Telegrams requesting that rooms be reserved. Private Parlors with Special Suites of Rooms, with or without Baths, for Travelling Parties. Our COMFORTABLE COACHES will be found at all arriving Trains. J. L CARRINGTON, Proprietor. GUIDE TO PETESBURG, VA. 165 NORFOLK, VIMGIMM. PHIL. Fa Bm©WN & Bm©.t (OF BLUE RIDGE SPRINGS, VIRGINIA,) PROPRIETORS. RECENTLY RENOVATED AND GREATLY LMPROVED. DINING-ROOM, PARLORS, HALLS, &C., HEATED BY STEAM. Bl&ciria B@U§ in AU the Rooms. HYDRAULIC PASSENGER ELEVATOR RUNS AT ALL HOURS. THE PURCELL Is Conveniently Located in the Very Centre of Business. Street Cars pass immediately by the Hotel, connecting with Steam Cars to Ocean View and Virginia Beach, or Steamboat for the famous Hygeia Hotel at Old Puint Comfort. IT WILL BE THE EARNEST EFFOET OF THE PFtOPEIETOES ■^A^H:o a-i"V"E th:e:m: .a. c^li^ TERMS: $3 AND $2.50 FEU DAY. l66 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ^Qnii]6EY'SvEn^0PE;ai]vr20nsE,^ Cm^'/S. OU/XCI-y. I'ropriator. Dealer in ^inos, Liquors, Cigarg and Tghaccos^ Fine Imported G&Qds in ^tQCk. FIRST-CLASS RESTAURANT. Ladies' and Gentlemen's Dining and Luncheon Rooms. Bar, Lunch Counter and Pool Room. 128 Sycamore Street, Petersburg, Va. Wine and Spirit Mercliant, Dealer in Cigars, Tobacco, Cij;arettes, Etc. *" Manufacturer of Soda, Ginger Ale and Sarsaparilla, and Bottler of Bergner & Engle's Lager Beer. Is About to Remove from His Present SALOOX, BILLLVRD HALL Ax\D RESTAURANT, No. lo Lombard Street, to his Handsome and Extensive New Premises, iro. 18 BOLiiiiraBROos stxlzsst, Petersburg, Va. " EICHBEeC'S SmOON UNO RESTHyRllNL No. 4 Bank Street, Petersburg, Virginia, THE CHOICEST BRANDS OF WINES, LIQUORS, TOCACCO AND CIGARS always on hand. The Table is furnished with all the Delicacies in Season — FISH, GAME, OYSTERS, &c. Special Terms made with Regular Boarders by the Day, Week or Month Walthall's European House. Rooms Furnished with New Furniture. Table Supplied Wrth ttie Best the Market ftffotds, FUsTEST lilines, ^les, Ltiquors, ^c, 20S S 210 SYCAMORE STREET, I Board There." PETE RSBU RG, VI RGI N I A. "I Don't.' GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 167 HEINEMANN'S EXCHANGE, HENRY HEINEMANX - ■ - - PROPRIETOR. BALLANTINE'S CELEBRATED NEWARK CN. 1.) EXPORT LAGER BEER: LUNCH EVERY DAY FROM lo A. M. TO 3 P. M. No. 9 Bank St., (Under Exchange Building,) OCEAN VIEW HOTEL, TBZ: SEASIDE SUMMER RESORT OF VIRGZIVIA. Trains ruu at short intervals daily between Norfolk and Ocean View. This delightful and unsurpassed SUMMER KESOET will be open for the accommo- dation of guests QNf MA Y IS^W OF EA CM WEAB, The location is the most desirable on the Middle Atlantic Seaboard, being in full view of Capes Charles and Henry, the Kip-Eaps, with unequalled surf, bathing and fishing within a stone's throw of the door. The fresh, invigorating breezes render the daj-s delightfully temperate, while the nights are cool and enjoyable. For furthe. information, apply by telegraph or mail to Norfolk and Ocean View Railroad and Hotel Company, OCEAN VIEW, VIRGINIA. IRON WORKS, AGRICULTURAL IMPLE- MENTS AND HARDWARE. :o: Among the most obvious essentials to an important manufacturing town, which is also the centre of an extensive and fertile agricultural district, such establishments as foundries and manufactories of farming imple- ments and machinery stand at the head of the list, for it would be impos- sible to operate tobacco works, grist or saw mills, engines or any other kind of mechanical contrivance, unless the means of supplying, renewing and repairing were always at hand. In this respect Petersburg is very well off, having several first-class establishments of this kind, where Tobacco and and Cotton Presses, Locomotive and Stationary Engines, Boilers, Saw, Grist and Sumac Mills, Elevators, Steamboat Work, Dredges, Castings, Forgings and all other varieties of Steam and Hydraulic Machinery are manufactured and repaired at short notice, and with most skillful work- manship. The numerous Saw Mills and other industries carried on through the surrounding rural districts, help to keep our foundries busy all the year round, while the manufacture and repair of agricultural machinery and im- plements also furnish them with a large amount of work. In addition to our local foundries, others at distant points are represented here by agen- cies, and the farmer who makes Petersburg his market can find at one or other of our iron works or stores any variety of plow, wagon, reaper, mower, or other implement that he may fancy or require. Petersburg's hardware stores ar unequalled in the South as regards the size and variety of the stocks they carry, which include every conceivable article in their line, from a stove to a carpet tack, besides gunsmiths' wares, fishing tackle, musical instruments, clocks, ammunition, etc. l6S HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL WM. H. TAPPEY. ALEX. STEEL. TAPPEY & STEEU :]yI:-A.^iTUF^CTTJi^:EI^s oif ,WP£Y;i«.STEEt.: ifWJ Farming Implements in Stock. CViKRW ^KONARD, n, 13 AND 19 BANK STREET, PETERSBURG, VA. J, I I I I I I I I I I I I I ■ I ■ I I II I I I I I 11 I I I I I II ii II I I I I II H I Tlie-Miargest-i-^ardware'i-^ouse | ^,, , iiiiiiiiiiiii 1 1111111111111 iiiiiii iiiiiiiiii iiiiiiii Ill IN THE SOUTH. M Feet Deep, with a Storage Capacity of HM Squate Feet, All are Invited to visit this Mammoth Establishment and examine the Large and Complete Stock of Hardware, Carriage Materials, Belting, SAW MILL, Ship Ctiandlefs'i Spodsmen's and Fishemeii's Sopplies, Musical Instfuroeots, Cloch, Speatacles, k, AeiEBClSr ®IF TIHIE jiouseliold ^eWing JVIaciiiiie Zo. —AND THE— ^g HOWE SCALE CO. iO THE DEAD SHOT POWDER. Warranted the Best. -■ TRY IT. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 17I THE LIGHT RUNNING DOMESTIC EXECUTES ALL IIEIS OP WORK WITH ML FACILITY. And Stands at the Head NOTWITHSTANDING ALL COMPETITION. After an experience of more than ten years with the ''DOMESTIC" MACHINE, I can confidently recommend it to my numerous patrons and the public. For durability, simplicity and elegance, it has no superior. I guarantee it to perform all work, of whatever kind, that any other ma- chine can do. It is offered at prices far below its value, and terms can be arranged to suit all parties. An examination is solicited. Remember, there is no charge for inspecting my stock. If you want to be satisfied with your purchase, buy The Light ^Running DOMI^STIC" gEWIKG MACHINE a -FROM- R. B. SHELBURN, 37>. .9 Tabh Street, Masonic Building, PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA. 172 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL PLUMMER & WHEELER, IROX FRONT ]}UILDING, SYCAMORE STREET, rFTEBSBUBGf VA, ' G. W. BROOKS, And Wholesale and Retail Dealer in STOVES, RANGES, CHINA, GLASS AND EARTHENWARE, 47 Sycamore Street, Petersburg, Va. I SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. Any attempt to advance original ideas upon the momentous question of Education which is universally admitted to be one of paramount import- ance in every civilized and progressive community, would but weary the reader, and at the same time prove a lamentable failure ; for the subject has been worn almost threadbare by the preachers and lecturers, commen- tators and statesmen, of all generations; and is still, as it is probably des- tined to remain, an unsolved problem. But it is gratifying to know that our own people enjoy exceptional advantages in their efforts to secure this " pearl without price," and that the system in force here is as perfect and efficacious as any that has yet been discovered. Besides the public Primary and High Schools, Petersburg numbers among its scholastic in- stitutions several private Seminaries of the very highest order, for boys and girls; and many of Virginia's most distinguished scholars and statesmen received their education at a Petersburg school. This State has always been famous for the number and high rank of her Schools and Colleges, and Petersburg has always done more than her just share towards estab- lishing this enviable reputation. There is hardly a State or Territory in the Union which is not represented by a bright young son or daughter among the students at one or other of our Seminaries. This City is emi- nently adapted to institutions of this kind, for, in addition to the excel- lence of the education they afford, the climate is extremely healthy the water pure and plentiful, and society as refined and genial as any in the land. Numbers of our young men go up every year to some of the great Universities, and there graduate with high honors, thus giving the best possible proof of the thoroughness with which they have been trained while attending Petersburg Schools. J^y far the most popular University among the people of this State and section is that far-famed seat of learn- ing, the University of Virginia; while the medical profession is indebted for many of its ablest recruits to the Medical College of \'irginia, at Rich- mond. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 173 FOUNDED 1865. UNIVERSITY SCHOOL Petersburg. Ya. W. Gordon McCabe, (U. of Va.,) Head Master, Instructor in Ancient Languages, French, German and Early English. ASSISTANT MASTERS: JAMES ROY MICOU, (U. of Va.,) Instructor in Mathematics. JOHN DUNN, M. A., (U. of Va.,) Instructor in Mathematics and German. W. G. MANLY, (U. of Va.,) Asst. Instructor in Ancient Lang, and English. J. CALVIN LESTER, Asst. Instructor in Mathematics and English. Continuous Session from October 1st to June 30th, THE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL is mainly preparatory to the Univer- sity OF Virginia, the Professors of which institution endorse it most heartily. (See Catalogue.) During the past nineteen years it has also prepared and sent up to Princeton, West Point, Annapolis, Boston Institute of Technology, Stevens' Scientific Institute, (Hoboken,) Columbia School of Mines, and other institutions of high grade, a great number of pupils whose uniform success is the best guarantee of the thor- oughness of the instruction in the school. For Board, Tuition. Washing, Fuel and Lights, Per Session of Nine Months, (Payable Half-Yearly,) $3400 The Head Master takes into his own Family a limited number of board- ers. As these places are usually taken promptly, early application is advisable. C^= JVo boarding pupils are received for less time than tha 7vhole session. The health of Petersburg is excellent. For Catalogues and detailed information address W. GORDON McCABE, Head Master. 74 Hlt'TUKlLAL A.NJJ IMUUblKlAU ST. PAUL'S FEMALE SCHOOL, 9 (COBFS OF TEACimiElRSs J. G. GRISWOLD, FERDINAND SCHWENCK, MISS LAURA M. RUSSELL, MISS JESSIE DONNAN, MISS V. L. MAJOR. MISS LOSSIE HILL, MISS MITTIE PATTERSON, The Session Ber/ins the Mid (He of Septetnhet', FOR PARTICULARS ADDRESS J. G. Griswold, A, JZ, Principal. UNIVKRBITY OF VIRGim The Session begins on the FIRST OF OCTOBER, in each year, and continues until the Wednesday before the 4th day of July ensuing. The institution is organized in Separate Schools, on the Eclectic Sys- tem, embracing FULL COURSES OF INSTRUCTION in Literature and Science and in the Professions of Law, Medicine, Engineering and Agri- culture. THE EXPENSES of the student, (except such as enter the practical laboratories,) exclusive of the cost of text books, clothing and pocket money, are from $356 to $391, according to schools selected ; or, for those who economize by mess- ing, these expenses are from $266 to $300. No charge for tuition to can- didates for the ministry unable to meet the expense. Apply for Catalogues to WM. A. WINSTON, Secretary. P. O. LTniversity of Virginia, Albemarle County, Va. JAMES F. HARRISON, M. D., Chairman of the Faculty. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA, 75^ RICHMOND, VA. MARTIN L. JAMES, M. D.^ Practice of Medicine. HENRY H. LEVY, M. D.. Physiology and Pathology. JOHN N. UPSHUR, M. D., Materia Medica and Therapeutics- GEO. BENJ. JOHNSTON, AL D., General and Special Anatomy. -^::e^.a.gtji-.t"Y".^ PROFESSORS JOHN S. WELLFORD. M. D., Diseases of Women and Children. J. S. DORSEY CULLEN, M. D. Surgery. WILLIAM H. TAYLOR, M. D., Chemistry and Pharmacy. CHRISTOPHER THOMPKINS, M. D.. Obstetrics and Diseases of the Puerperal State. -NcADJUNCT FACULTY.^t^ JOHN R. WHEAT, M, D., THOS. GREAVES, M. D.; M. R. C. S. Demonstrator of Anatomy. and L. R. C. P. London. Practice of Medicine. ROBERT B COLEMAN, M. Surgery, LEWIS C. BOSHER, M. Anatomy. WILLIAM F. MERCER, M. D., Materia Medica and Therapeutics. EDWARD C. SMITH, M. D., Physiology and Patho]o{?y. r/i<- rorti/Sfi-cutJi Aniii-Hl Sfs.slon bcr/un on Ovtoher 1st, ISS.i, and will COKTljyVJS SIX MOXTIIS. J'or C'it*/tif, or fartlitr in formation, address ^l L. JAMES, M. D., Dean of the Faculty, 312 East Grace street, Richmond, Va. CHARLES M. SHIELDS, M. D., Diseases of i^e Eye, Ear aud Throat. WM. AUGUSTUS LEE, M. D., Obstetrics aud Diseases of the Paerperal State. CHARLES H. CHALKLEY, M. D., Chemistry. ARMISTEAD L. WELLFORD, M. D., Diseases of Women aud Children. D., 176 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAI IP I^EXERS BURGS.. VA. GENERAL STORAGE FOR TOBACCO, COTTON, PEANUTS AND MERCHANDISE GEN- ERALLY. DEiYS, LUMBER WAGONS AND CARTS ALWAYS ON HAND. WOOD, HAY, PROVENDER AND MILL FEED FOR SALE L. W. DUGGER, Lessee. DRUGS, PAINTS AND OILS. The business done in tliese important commodities, in Petersburg, is much more considerable than would be supposed by the uninitiated, and is conducted by four wholesale and about a dozen retail houses, employing to- gether a cash capital of about $100,000. The stocks kept by these establish- ments are large and varied, and several of our druggists have earned a wide and honorable reputation through the excellence of the goods they supply, as well as through the agency of certain "s])ecialties " which they put up. Besides Drugs, Paints and Oils, all our wholesale and some of our retail houses carry full lines of Window Glass, Perfumery, Spices, Seeds, Patent Medicines, Fancy and Toilet articles, and numerous other goods not strictly akin to pharmacy, to-wit: Tobacco, Cigars, etc. Our principal wholesale drug trade is carried on with central Virginia, the two Carolinas and Georgia, while all the Southern States have been made more or less lamiliar with Petersburg's enterprise in this line. WHOLESALE AND KETAIL DEALER IN x)i^Tjc3-s Sc ipj^t ^nsTT :M:Er)ici:N"ES Paints, Oils, Glass. Dyes, Varnishes, Brushes, Perfumery. &c., &.c CORXl-R SVCA.MORK AND \VAS1I1XG'R)N SIS., PETERSBURG, VA. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 77" I*'. »• €:?. FRENCH'S SUPERIOR COLOGNf, DELiaHTFUL, FRAGRANT, EXaUISITE. jnriyalled for tlie Haiiierclilef, Toilet aM Batli. An Elepit aiiJ Lasting Mm... It TV"ill CErtainly PIeese tliE Most Fastidinus, PRICB: 250., 50C. ASTD $1.00. Prepared by WM. E. FRENCH, Petersburg, Virginia. For sale by Druggists and Merchants Everywhere. AN INVIGORATING AND H EALTH -GIVING TONIC. Cures Dyspepsia, Liver Complaint, Indigestion, Chills and Fever, and all,: Diseases caused by a Disordered State of the Stomach and Liver. This preparation is no whiskey substitute, but a strictly medicinail COMPOUND, which, if taken according to directions, will always afforu- RELIEF. PRICE : FZFTV CZSrrTS FEB. BOTTLE. lI^=Prepared only by WM. E. FRENCH, Wholesale and Manufacturing Druggist, 202 Sycamore street, Petersburg, Va.. J78 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL Tlie best and mcst reliable Aiiti-D.ysiieptic Medicine ever ollered to tlie Piiblie. When such distinguished men as the late President Martin Van Buren, •George E. Badger, late Secretary of the Navy; Gov. Edward Stanly, of California; Gov. Iredell, of North Carolina; Senators Talmage, of New York ; Preston, of South Carolina ; Henderson, of Mississippi ; Judge H. Potter, of U. S. Court ; Judge Thomas Gholson, of Virginia ; Hon. Beverly Tucker, of Virginia; (ien. McComh, of Georgia ; W. H. Appleton, of New York; Rev. Dr. F. L. Hawks, of New York; Doc- tors Minge and Corp.in Braxton of \'irginia ; Drs. T. L. Johnson, of Mis- sissippi ; Young, of Tennessee; Bond, Manning and Jones, of North •Carolina; and a host of other such men give strong certificates of the value of a medicine, IT MUST HA VE INTRINSIC WORTH. All this is true of Beckwith's Anti-Dyspeptic Pills, and to-day they are as good as when these certificates were written. READ THE FOLLOWING CERTIFICATES. HON. MARTIN VAN P.UREN, Late President U. S. ** Beckwith's Anti-Dyspeptic Pills for eight ye.irs > Iiave s.-ivcd me from the necessity of employ inij a phys- iciaii in a single case. I cannot trust myself without HON. GEORGE E. BADGER, Late Secretary of Navy. •*I believe them myself to be the beet Anti-Dys- ' Septic medicine ever offered to the public." HON. BEVERLY TUCKER, Late Professor William and Mary College. *' I suffered for fourteen years from diseased liver, disordered digestion and a constitution in ruins. From • the use of Beckwith's Anti-Dyspeptic Pills, I can now eal what I please, do what I please, sleep goundly and enjoy life as much as any man." A host of other certificates of equal strength are in the hands of the proprietor. For more than seventy •years this medicine has maintained its high reputation. Now what is Dyspepsia? It is one or more of the tollowing : Heartburn, Sick Stomach, Headache, Tasting your food after eating. Spitting up your Food, Con* stipation. Torpid Liver, Indigestion, Colic, Nervous Irritability, Dizziness, Disturbed Sleep, with distressing dreams and untold sufferings. BECKWITH'S ANTI-DYSPEPTIC PILLS have cured thousands of such sufferers, and will do it agnin. No medicine was ever sustained by such undoubted testimony. Try them^ E. R. Beckwith, pharmacist, now manufactures these invaluable Pills fiom the Original Recipe of his Ifrandfathcr, Dr. John Beckwith. FORTY PILLS IN A BOX--PRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS. JUDGE THOMAS S. GHOLSON, of Virginia. " I take no othei medicine. I confidenty recom« mend them to the public." M*D:soN, Ind., March loth, 1884. " My attention was drawn to these pills many years ago by the Hon. Geo. K. Badger, of North Carolina, while suffering under some unpleasant derangement of the stomach. 1 experienced then, and have since, great relief from their use. I have no hesi- tancy in recommending them as an ag:eeable remedy for the diseases enumerated in your circular." J. H. WOOLFOBD. Cbdab FAl,t.s, Iowa, March 22, 18S4. " I am using your Pills with great benefit. I think they are the best anti-dyspeptic pills I ever used. I travel a good deal, and carry them with me." W. S. GARRISON. E. R. BECKWITH, Pharmacist, Cor. Market and Halifax St; t^-sold bv druggists generally. Petersp.ukg, Va. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 179 WM. F. SPOTSWOOD, APOTHECARY, CORNER BDLLINEBRDDK & SYCfiMDRE STS,, PETERSBURG. Fd. " WM. H. GSMP, BBS) MjoamoFB &iF0©i, PBTBRSBURG. VA, DEALER IN PURE AND RELIABLE DRUGS AND MEDICINES, Fancy and Toilet Articles, Paints, Oils, Glass and Putty, Cigars and To- bacco and everything usually kept in a First-Class Drug Store. J^^Use Carbolated Dent aline for the Teeth. Cor .Scyamore and Tabb streets, Petersburg-, Va. l8o HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE WORKS, RICHMOND, VA. There is, perhaps, no name which has been more directly instrumental in spreading the fame of our State's Capital, as a great manufacturing city^ than that of Mann S. Valentine, whose Meat Juice is not only an import- ant article of commerce, but has also been long accounted one of the rich- est blessings known to invalids of all the nations upon earth. This inval- uable extract has earned and secured the hearty endorsement of the Med. ical Faculty in all lands, and has been awarded medals and diplomas at the "Centennial Exposition (Philadelphia) in 1876, the "Exposition Uni- versal" (Paris) in 1878, the "Domestic and Scientific Exhibition'' (Brighton, England), in 1881, and the " Medical and Scientific Exhibi- tion (London) in iSSi. But more significant than even these high testimonials of genuine worth is the substantial commercial success with which Mr. Valentine's enterprise and perseverance have been attended. As the virtues of this wonderful essence became gradually known and appreciated, orders began to pour in from all sides with ever- increasing volume, and before long it was found im- possible to supply the demand without additional accommodation. From time to time extensions were made, until every available inch of the old premises was utilized ; but the relief was only temporary, and at last it be- came necessary to erect new works, suitable for the requirements of this large and growing trade. A convenient site was accordingly purchased and the handsome four-story-and-basement structure on the corner of Cary and Sixth Streets, completed and occupied during the summer of 1884 testifies alike to the enterprise, good taste and practical judgment of Mr. Valentine and his associates. The building is of course constructed with direct reference to the va- rious stages through which this famous extract must pass before it assumes its commercial form as " Valentine's Meat Juice," and no expense has been spared in making the works complete in every department. The machin- ery and all the intricate combinations of pipes, pumps, syphons, stop-cocks etc., which the proper treatment of the essence requires, were mainly de- signed by Mr. Valentine himself, who has offered a standing prize for any ■ improvement in the appliances of the works, by any of his operatives, which will save labor or make perfection more perfect. The building fronts seventy-eight feet on Cary Street by a depth of one hundred feet on Sixth Street, and is built of brick, with iron front • and granite basement. It is very handsomely fitted up inside, and finished in oiled and highly- polished heart-pine and walnut. It is impossible, within the limits of this article, to describe the various departments and their uses, for their name is Legion. Suffice it to say that from the time the beef is received in the " treatment room " until the GUIDE TO PETESBURG, VA. igl Meat Juice is bottled for shipment, it must pass the most delicate and se- vere tests in each stage of its manufacture, and must finally conform to that standard of purity, density and clearness which has been established by Mr. Valentine, as the result of careful study and practical experience ex- tending over many years. Valentine's Meat Juice is extracted from the flesh of only the healthiest and finest beef cattle, from fifteen to twenty thousand pounds of which is slaughtered daily for the purposes of this one specialty. At the Centennial Exposition, in 1876, Valentine's Meat Juice received the highest award for " Excellence of its method of preparation, whereby it more nearly represents fresh meat than any other extract of meat, its freedom from disagreeable taste, its fitness for immediate absorption and the perfection in which it retains its good qualities in warm climates." Since then it has attained world-wide popularity, simply and solely by vir- tue of its own intrinsic merit. It is easily portable, and is therefore of special benefit to the traveller by land or sea. It is absolutely unaffected by change of temperature or climate, having proved itself of equal value in the tropics, where its consumption is rapidly increasing, and in the Polar Seas, whither it was taken by the medical officers connected with the Greely Relief Expedition. Mr. Valentine has associated with him in the several departments of his business, Mr. Ira W. Blunt, and his four sons, Messrs. G. G., M. S Jr B B. and F. S. Valentine. • j •' • Me£0oi, BeioFB it m iQO) Mmi0 / Are you a sufferer from Dyspepsia, Sick Headache, Sour Stomach, Op- pression, Constipation, Nervous Debility, Loss of Sleep or Bad Digestion ? If you are, go 'at once to your druggist, get a bottle of DR. D'ARMSTADTS ANTI-DYSPEPTIC DROPS, AND BE CURED. THEY HAVE NOT THEIR EQUAL, as thousands will testify. PRICE, 75 CENTS. SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS PURCELL, LflDD S CO., Wholesale Agents, Richmond, Va. X83 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 183 s? § .-2 td 1 1 »i H ^- oS S g I I I i >3 ill B i ! 53f— (*^ ^SoLZJoa.MWL.Q O t^ ^ .vttSf^ffi .-"-S GQ fn § w ;^ ^ h^ S.^l cc t>v "^ iCQ^nW^a CQ 2 ^ J§ ki**:^ 5^.':=; CDs W 1^ §S in 1S4 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL INSURANCE. To the nervous person in moderate circumstances, regardless of age, sex or occupation, there are few things capable of yielding such solid comfort as the possession of a sufficient Policy of Insurance — fire or life — with a first-class Company. Indeed, no prudent man will leave his property un- protected against the risk of fire, or his family unprovided for in the event of his death, when a trifling outlay in the form of premiums will absolutely insure him against pecuniary loss — possibly ruin — and his family, after he is gone, from poverty. When a man's property, whether it be his fac- tory, warehouse, store or dwelling-house, is covered to its full value by re- liable insurance against the accidental spark or the malice of the incen- diary, the peal of the fire-alarm is robbed to his ear,'of half its customary terrors, for it awakens in him no dread of personal disaster; and when he knows that immediately upon his death those nearest and dearest ones who now depend upon him for support, will receive a sum of money sufficient to guard them at least against want, if not enough to supply them with their accustomed comforts, his last days are unclouded by those tortures of ap- prehension which would otherwise necessarily assail him. Nay, more; it is an established medical fact that a comparatively mild form of disease is not unfrequently aggravated until it becomes fatal, by just such anxiety as an insurance policy would allay or avert ; and it 'follows, therefore, that the Life Insurance Companies are often actually instrumental in prolong- ing life, as well as in fulfilling the avowed beneficent objects of their in- corporation. As in business transactions generally, so in the matter of fire or life in- insurance, the wise man will have no dealings with other than sound and respectable companies, and there are so many of this class represented in Petersburg, each offering some special advantage or attraction, that the intending insurer is puzzled to make a selection, while he would be perfectly perhaps equally — safe with all. Besides the Petersburg Savings and In- surance Company, whose stockholders and directors are among the most prominent and responsible of our manufacturers, merchants and profes- sional men, nearly every first-class Insurance Company doing business in the United States is represented in Petersburg by its duly authorized and appointed agent, and their aggregate assets amount to scores of millions of dollars. There are also several Benevolent Societies established in the City, having a life-insurance element which has proved very attractive and led to the enrollment of numerous members. Risks and possible evils of all kinds should be continually provided against, as a matter of business and as a matter of principle, and every un- insured person who estimates his property as worth protecting and his fam- ily as worth providing for, and who also duly appreciates the blessing of a mind unburdened of unnecessary care, will remedy the omission as speed- ily as possible by taking out policies, according to his means, on his life and worldly possessions. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 1 85 The Petersburg Savings and Insurance Co. INCORPORATED 1860. Fred. R. Scott, President. D. B. Dugger, Cashier. Alex. Donnan, Vice-President. E. W. Butcher, Secretary. Wm. H. Scott, Assistant Secretary. CAPITAL, $200,000. ~ CARTER R. BISHOP, Insurance Agent OFFICE : 62/2 SYCAMORE STREET, PETERSBURG, VmGINIA. Cuthbert g^ Sons, FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCE AGENTS. 37 Bank Street, Fetersburg, Va. BENJAMIN HARRISON, INSUBAJSCE AGENT, 110 Sycamore Street (Over Petersburg Savings and Insurance Company), PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA, Representing some of the Largest Companies in the United States. C^^Fire Insurance respectfully solicited. JONES & STEVENS, GENERAL INSURANCE AGENTS. LIFE, FIRE, MARINE AND ACCIDENT. 106 Sycamore (Opposite Tabb) Street, - - - Petersburg, Va. Dr. J. E. MoYLER. R. O. Egerton. J. Edward Moyler & Co., General Insiiranoe and Real Estate Agents, FOR RENTING PROPERTY. Office: Masonic Building, Petersburg, Va. "^ B. B. PEGRAM" ^ £ M^ @ Xjr R Jk M^ O B A ® ]^ Sf ^. ROOM / MECHANICS' BUILDING, Corner Tabb and Sycamore Streets, I^etersburg, Va. l86 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DRY GOODS, NOTIONS, CARPETS, ETC. What pen, especially it it be of the masculine persuasion, shall attempt to depict the wonders of that "Woman's Paradise," a first-class Dry- Goods Store, a mere catalogue of whose ordinary stock would fill many a close-writ page ! Let not the reader be troubled, for the attempt will not be made here. Suffice it to say that Petersburg can show as handsome and as well-stocked establishments devoted to this particular class of merchan- dise as any city in Virginia, or elsewhere in the South. Our principal Dry Goods and Notions Stores are in the Iron-Front Building, an engrav- ing of which is shown on page forty-nine. It comprises five lofty stories and basement. All the stores referred to carry heavy stocks of Dry Goods, Notions, and other kindred articles. The wholesale departments do a very satisfactory business, which is mostly confined to Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia; but the area covered by this trade is gradually being e.\- tended. Most of our Dry Goods houses are also supplied with full lines of Carpets, of all descriptions and the products of all lands, as well as mats, rugs, druggets, and other similar wares. All their goods are guaranteed not to exceed Northern prices, and their assortments are as complete as are to be met with in any other city. The capital involved in the Dry Goods Trade, and those affiliated with it, is necessarily very large, and the sales for the year 18S4 are estimated to have exceeded $400,000. G. L. CROWDER & BRO. Have greatly Improved and Enlarged their Premises, and now carry a Much Larger and Better Assorted Stock of DRY GOODS, FANCY GOODS, NOTIONS, CARPETS, MATTINGS, OIL CLOTHS, WINDOW SHADES, LACE CURTAINS, BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS, CLOTHING, LADIES' AND CHILDREN'S CLOAKS, UNDERWEAR, UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, JEWELRY, RIBBONS, COTTONS, EMBROIDERY SILKS, YARNS, SCHOOL BOOKS, SLATES, STATIONERY, QLASa WABF, LAMPS, GLQGES, PIGTUBB FEAME^, &C. 2^^We pay special attention to having the best bargains that can be offered in BLACK CASHMERES and other BLACK GOODS and CRAPES. Trunks at Factory Prices. Suits Made to Order. Come and see us and we will please you. G. L. Crowder & Bro., 23S Old street Near the Head , - - - Petersburg, Virginia. \ GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. ESTABLISHED 1859. 187 A. ROSENSTOGK & CO. FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC DRY GOODS, NOTIONS, C "A GO FANCY GOODS, rQen's Furi]is]iii]g Goods, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. No. 1 Iron Front Building, Sycamore Street, PETERSBURG. VA. l88 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL J, E. ROCKWE^U Nivtlt; k: Mi, Tm iliisr;, S/LA'S AXD FELVETS, FANCY GOODS AND NOTIONS. -pHEADQUARTEKS FOR— Black Crapes and Mourning Goods. SUITS COMPLETED TO ORDER. Bridal Trousseaux a gpecialtij. 136 Sycamore Street, - - - Petersburg^ Virginia, GEORGE H. DAVIS 8^ CO., JOBBERS AND RETAILERS OF DRY GOODS AND NOTIONS, No, 2 Bon Front Building, Guarantee to sell goods at Wholesale at NEW YORK PRICES. Keep full lines of SILKS, SATINS, VELVETS, and every variety of Dress Goods. Carpets, Rugs, Oil Cloths and Curtains, Domestics, Cassimers, and everything pertaining to a first-class Dry Goods establishment. WHOLESALE AND KETAIL DEALER IX No. 127 North Sycamore St., Petersburg, Va. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 189 WEARING APPAREL. . The above words are intended only to apply, in this instance, to Boots and Shoes, Hats and Caps, Clothiers' and Tailors' Goods, and Men's Fur- nishing Goods generally, and not to those unfathomable mysteries of fem- inine attire which are distracting even to think upon, and cannot possibly be either enumerated or described. These combined interests require con- siderable capital, and it is estimated that in Petersburg not less than ^150,000 are invested in them. The Boot and Shoe business, in its whole- sale department, is very far-reaching, and goods supplied by Petersburg houses are to be found in every portion of Central and Western Virginia, in the two Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee and other Southern States, One of our Boot and Shoe houses, that of Augustus Wright, has a flourishing branch establishment at Roanoke. Hats and Caps also form another link in the chain which binds us commercially to the people of adjoining States, and sales in this line are heavy, especially in Virginia and North Carolina, where the bulk of the business is done. The same may be truly said of Clothiers' and Tailors' Goods and Men's Furnishing Goods, the trade in which is extending gradually, and will doubtless some day overspread a much more extended territory. All these different branches of Petersburg's business are in the hands of sterling business men, who are intimately acquamted with the wants of their respective trades, and thoroughly understand them in their most minute details. Having sufficient working capital, they are enabled to take advantage of every de- pression in the market, and to buy up at low figures whatever may be suit- able to their business. By these means they can often sell to the retail trade and individual consumers at better prices than the manufacturer would be willing to accept during his busy season. DEALERS IN Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps and Trunks, NO 142 NORTH SYCAMORE ST., Petersburg, Va. WHOLESxVLE AND EETAIL DEALER IN Boots and Shoes, Leathef and Shoe Findings, 138 SYCAMOBE STREET, Peter shnr fj , J a. [90 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN ©^ Mffi> Trunks, Valises, Leather, FINDINGS, &a, &a THE URGEST UNO MOST COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF GOODS TO BE FOUND IN THE CITY. m mmM 18 S •w mft^i^f*^- PBTERSBURG, ¥A. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. I9II J. M. MUNFORD, Nottoway Co., > / J. C. JAMES, Late with A. Wright, ) (Late with A. Wright.. DEALERS IN BOOTS, SHOES, TRUNKS, VALISES, cfcCl, NO. -153 NORTH SYCAMORE STREET. (NEXT TO YOUNG'S JEWELRY STORE,) PETERSBURG, VA. Slje ":ReliabIe" Sljirt-II^aker. MANUFACTUKER OF The Celebfated "Perfection" Linen-Bosom Shirt,, AND THE CELEBRATED DouUe-Seated Eeinforced Drawers.. ALSO DEALER IN READY-MADE CLOTHING, DRY G00DS,1 HATS,, AlflD GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS, PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA. t92 HISTORICAL AXL) INDUSTRIAL ^IKOSa Mo WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN ^ ^ Ladies' and JVIisses' Gloal^s, 17 niToi^-TS s"Y"CJ^:ivi:OK/E st., IPIETI;T{S33UIRB,, va GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. HARRISON & CO. ON THE CORNER, f48 SYCAMORE {Cor. Lombard) ST., PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA, [94 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL OLD DOMION MT FACTORY Wholesale and Retail, We employ the MOST EXPERIENCED CUTTERS and SKILLED 'OPERATORS, and use the most improved steam machinery in our factory. Printed Blanks for Self-Measurement sent on application. Orders solicited. RICHMOND, VA. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. I95 MERCHANT TAILOR, 16 N. Ninth Street, Ricktmond, Virginia. Being compelled to reside in Richmond in order to personally superin- tend his large business in that city, will in future attend to the wants of his Petersburg friends by visiting them twice a month with a full line of samples. W. E. BUTCHER. J. M. QUICKE. W. JE. BUTCHER & CO,, No. 8 NORTH SYCAMORE STREET, Peter sburg, Va. NOAH WALKER & CO., ierchmmt Tailor b^, ALEX. F: SHORT, J. GEO. WILKINSON, AGENTS. 143 SYCAMORE STREET, Petersburg , Virginia. FURNITURE. This trade has assumed much importance in Petersburg of late years, and now employs a cash capital of about $100,000. Ordinary household necessaries could always be obtained here as well as elsewhere, but the handsomer and more expensive articles and sets were generally sought in Richmond, or even still further away, until those now engaged in the business took advantage of the opportunity thus opened to enterprise. Our furniture warerooms now contain large and varied assortments of stock, and every taste and every pocket can be suited, at factory prices, whether the articles be required for parlor, drawing-room, dining-room, chamber, office or school. There are several firms engaged here in this business, and they can afford to sell their goods at reasonable figures, for the reason that they make their purchases at the manufactories and obtain the most favorable terms. Central Virginia and North Carolina find this a most ad- vantageous market at which to make their purchases, and each year brings increased business to our dealers. Here, as in other places, there are those to be met with who refuse to acknowledge genuine excellence unless they import it direct from some distant market, but experience has taught the great majority of consumers that it is more economical, as well as infi- nitely more satisfactory, to deal with merchants whom they know person- ally and meet every day, reliable and responsible business men, who are always accessible when, through some accident or unsuspected flaw, a guarantee may have to be made good. 196 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL W. M. HABLISTON & CO., WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN FURNITURE, MATTRESSES, BABY CARRIAGES, &C. We call spcLUi. cvi-Lcwiiuii to our inuacnse stock, which is larger than the combined stock of all other furniture stores in the city, and one of the largest in the South, which enables us to offer superior inducements over any house in this section, and to duplicate that of any other house in the country. PARLOR SUITES, upholstered in Silk and Mohair, Plushes, Raw and Spun Silk, Satin Delaines, Reps, Hair Cloth, &c. ItHid CHAMBER SUITES, in Mahogany, Walnut, Cherry, Ash, Poplar, &c. WARDROBES, HAT RACKS, Sideboards, Desks, Extension Tables, Marble-Top Tables. Library Tables, Rattan Chairs, Walnut, Oak and Art Chairs, Leather Dining Chairs, Children's Chairs, Reception Chairs, Patent Reclining Chairs, &c. BEDSTEADS, MATTRESSES, Springs, Sofa Lounges, Safes, Book Cases, Bolsters, Pillows. &c. BABY CARRIAGES in Rattan, Willow and Wood Bodies, with Para- sol, Canopy or Hood Tops. I^^We cordially invite you to examine our stock. W. M. HABLISTON & CO., No. 20 N. Sycamore Street, Petersburg, Virginia, GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. I97 GARY & CO., DEALERS IN FURNITURE, CHINA, GLASS-WARE, PLATED- WARE, Lamps, Tio-Waie and House Pufnistiiog Goods. urge; stock and i,ow prices. BQl mmdi Mm BjQmmme Bim^i, PETERSBURG, VA, L. HERRING, Wood- Ware, Crockery, Tinware, Etc. DEALER IN BROOMS, BUCKETS, TUBS, WASH-BOARDS, CHURNS, MATCHES, BLACKING, PAPER TWINE. KiffiMQ^l© it@li^W4H^'*tii lilt to lli Masiila Manufacturer of BROOMS, BRUSHES, WHISKS, TIN- WARE, &c. No. 6 BANK STREET, Petersburg, Va. ESTABMSMBB I§5f . King's South-Side Dye Works, AND STEAM CLEANING ESTABLISHMENT. First Clas^ Premium and Medal of 'the Baltimore Mecliamcs Institute awarded'for Best Work in ^57. •■ - ■ - ^ -•--..-- '■■■'. •' E. KTNGf St%'f JV^o. 134i Sucamore St., JPetersburg, Va, ipS HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHED 1858. JAMES T. MORRISS, yi^BERipKER, NO. 2 SOUTH SYCAMORE STREET, PETERSBURG, FA, A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF Metallic and Wooden Coffins and Caskets, PLAIN, CLOTH-COVERED AND ORNAMENTAL. Also Burial Robes in Several Varieties. t^^AU orders by letter or telegraph will receive prompt attention. I have had twenty-seven years' experience in the Undertaking business, and guarantee satisfaction in all respects. JAMES T, 3IOBBISS. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 199 LEflTH <>^ 125 and 141 N. Sycamore Street, PETERSBURG, VA. All Kinds of Photogfaphic Woik EXECUTED IN THE VERY LATEST STYLES. BOOKS, STATIONERY. PIANOS, ETC. The quality and quantity of reading matter in circulation among the people of any community will be found to be a very accurate test of their intellectual capacity and refinement. Where there are well patronized cir- culating libraries and book stores, carrying large and well-selected assort- ments of standard literature, there will also most certainly be found a large proportion of cultivated and well-informed readers. And this may justly be claimed for Petersburg, where the book business is conducted by men whose own high education and mental culture eminently qualify them to cater to the intellectual requirements of their neighbors. The Circulating Library of Messrs. T. S. Beckwith & Co. is worthy of special mention, as a most important contributor to the education and enjoyment of our intelligent people of all ages. It contains about three thousand well-selected volumes, which are constantly being added to, and comprises every class of enter- taining and instructive literature. We have several handsome and well- stocked book and stationery stores, where all commodities usually kept by first-class establishments of the kind are to be found in great abundance and endless variety, including choice paintings, engravings photographs, and a host of other articles which may be grouped under the generic term *' fancy." Combined with the book and stationery business is that of Pianos, Organs and Music, and our dealers represent the most famous factories in the country, and always keep on hand a large selection of first-class instruments. 200 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL T. S. BECKWITH & CO., DEALERS IN PIANOa ORGANS, BOOK AND SHEET MUSIC, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOL BOOKS, •:rF^j\ICY•^6e6D3,•^3T^'PIGNEI^Y,•^§C.•5> WEBER, KXABE, DECKER, HARDMAN, NEW ENGLAND, PEASE, (DEB. ESTEY, CHASE, PELOUBET. THE VERY BEST INSTRUMENTS MANUFACTURED. BOOKS AND FANCY ARTICLES of all kinds. ALBUMS, BIBLE.S, PRAYER-BOOKS and other Publications suitable for presents. A I^arge and Select Circulating I^itoarij. ^^^Strangers and Visitors are invited to make themselves at 'home^in the spacious Reading Room, where Books, Papers, Magazines and Writing Materials are always at their service. 108 Sycamore Street, Petersburg, Ya. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. mil]. L £[in]n]ER ^ go, MANUFACTURING STATIONERS, Printers, En^ravsrs ui Eiank h\ Maksrs. JOBBERS AND RETAIL DEALERS IN gcliool and Miscellaneous Books. a o H -tJ CJ rn rt CT « ,cj Pf CI > M w S PQ □ We make a specialty of TOBACCO WORK, TAGS, STRIPS, LABELS, &c. Our Tags are machine-cut and gummed. We guarantee them to work on Tobacco satisfactorily and to be the best Tag offered to the trade. ENGRAVED OR PRINTED LETTER, NOTE AND BILL HEADS, ENVELOPES, CHECKS, &c., executed with taste and dispatch. s ^ crq p> M. td s § FT r s 5 r-> > CO o" )raer THE VE < 2 ^ CD CD 5 rid m 1 ^ 1— ( =5' O. CO z a o fir. o o FIAW© AMm ®M®AM »IBFAM1PMBKl?a Agents for the Celebrated FISCHER, STEINWAY AND CHICKERING PIANOS. MASON & HAMLIN, BURDETT AND SHONINGER ORGANS. We represent the best makes of Pianos and Organs in America. You can save money bv buying of us. We have the MOST COMPLETE ESTABLISHMENT in the South. AVrite us for prices and samples. Everything we sell guaranteed as repre- ented, or money refunded. W3I. L. Zni3IEB iSt CO., PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA. HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL THE FI-A.3SrOS Have the endorsement of OVER ONE HUNDRED DH'TERENT COLLEGES, SEMINARIES AND SCHOOLS, as to their durability. * They are perfect in tone and workmanship, and elegant in appearance. CHAS. M. STIEFF, ' No. 9 North Liberty St., > KS>^c-*- ^ ALSO GENERAL WHOLESALE AGENT FOR Burdett, Palace & Hew England ORGANS. ORGANS. PIANOS AND ORGANS sold on easy instalments. PIANOS taken in exchange; also thoroughly repaired. Send for illustrated Piano or Or^ran Catalogue. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 203 FI-A-DSr OS GRAND, UPRIGHT 5 SQUARE. The superiority of the " STIEFF " PIANO is recognized and acknowl- edged by the highest musical authorities, and the demand for them is as steadily increasing as their merits are becoming more extensively known. HIGHEST HOIJOHS over all American and many European rivals AT THE EXPOSITION, PARIS, 1878. A large assortment of SECOND-HAND PIANOS always on hand. CHARLEB M. STIEFF. No. 9. North Liberty Street, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. 204 HISTORICAL AM) INDUSTRIAL F. E. PUGH & CO., And Dealers in PICTURE FRAMES, ALBUMS, BRACKETS AND FANCY GOODS. FINE CICARS, TOBACCO, SNUFF AND PIPES. Af>ENT FOR All Periodicals Published at Publishers' Prices. NO. 109 SYAMORE STREET, PETERSBURG. VA. Wl Hi m Ms Hi -i: n OS n M cQ -«-= S H g III? J. H. CH AT AIGN E, ISSUES THE DIllECTOKIES OF Virginict Stat&f, ^5,Q0 ; NQrtb C'arQlina BtatQ, $S,QQ / MicIu)ioii(h V(i.9 $4.00: Petet'shurg, la., $3.00 ; Norfolk, Va., $3.00; Alexandria, Va., $.00. ALL THE PIUNCIPAL DIKECTOIUES OF THE UNITED ST.\TES ON FILE AND FOK SALE. Principal Office: 1,100 EAST MAIN STREET, GUIDE TO PETESBURG, VA. 205 CARRIAGES, HARNESS, ETC. One of the first things noticed by an observant visitor to a strange town is the number and style of the carriages moving upon its thoroughfares, and it may be stated, without boasting, that in this respect Petersburg will compare most favorably with any other Southern City. The reason for this is easily explained. Among our most enterprising citizens are several experienced and practical dealers in Carriages and Buggies, and manufacturers of Har- ness and Saddlery, who thoroughly understand their business and force trade by offering the very best articles at prices which absolutely defy com- petition. Every variety of private equipage, from the family coach to the racing "sulky," can be procured here, at one or other of our carriage re- positories, together with every style and make of harness, saddlery, whips, lap-rugs, and other items of stable outfit. The planters and farmers who bring their produce here also find it very much to their advantage to deal with our harness manufacturers, whose goods they find cheap and service- able. The most famous carriage factories in the country are represented by our dealers, while the harness and saddlery of their own manufacture is guaranteed to be of the best material and workmanship. P, F. JOH CO,, Manufacturers of and Dealers in 5 MilVl«.JLUM5 JLTXJLVLXUM, AND ALL KINDS OF HORSE FURNISHING GOODS. 7 LOHN^B^I^r) STIE^EET, PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA. 206 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL P. M. STE^A^ARD DEALER IN ^6arriages/!-Pl)aetoi]S/i-^ockaways,-<* Noe TOP BUGGIES, OPEN BUGGIES, &C. MANUFACTUKER OF Harness, Saddles, Bridles, &c, The Harness Department of my business has been established forty years. My stock is well assorted in the different styles and qualities, from the Cheapest Plow Harness to Fine Carriage Harness. I HAVE ALSO A LaRGE AND SELECTED StOCK OF CARRIAGE AND BUGGY ROBES, LAP DUSTERS, FLY NETS, BOOTS, HORSE BLANKETS, WHIPS, SPURS, HARNESS OIL, SOAP, CHAMOIS SKINS, &c., &c. P. M. STEWARD, GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 20 f WM. H. HARRISON, MANUFACTURER OF JLLSO JD:Eij^jL:Hi:Ei iisr Carriages, Buggies & Wagons,, NO. 9 BANK STREET, PETERSBURG, VA. BAGS AND BAGGING. The enormous increase in Petersburg's trade in Cotton, Fertilizers andi Peanuts — especially the latter — created an opening two years ago for the manufacture of bags, and already this industry has become extremely ben- eficial to those who use its products, and profitable to its enterprising- foun- ders. There is only one Bag Factory in the City, and it is kept busy at all seasons filling orders not only from Petersburg houses, but also from those- of Richmond, Norfolk and other manufacturing centres, where its work has given unqualified satisfaction. The burlap, of which the bags are- made, is manufactured in Scotland and comes here direct through the agents- in New York. Our supply of bags was formerly drawn from the Nor- thern factories, with which our Petersburg factory now competes at the- same or even lower prices for exactly the same material, thus saving the- consumers the item of freight, at least — a small item, it is true, when esti- mated upon a single bag, but an important saving upon a year's consump- tion. ZOS HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL VIRGINIA BAG FACTORY, CARTER R. BISHOP & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF --FOR-- Peanuts, Fertilizers, Grain, Flour, Meal, Sumac, &c., PLAIN OR PRINTED. Headquarters for Sacks, Bags and Bag Twine. OUR FACTORY IS RUN BY STEAM, AND HAVING RECENTLY DOUBLED OUR CAPACITY, WE ARE NOW PREPARED TO EXECUTE ALL ORDERS WITH NEATNESS AND DISPATCH. OUR LARGE AXD RAPIDLY GROWING TRADE DEMONSTRATES TMAT ©U31 BDODS •AHE AS WE EEPRESENT THEM AND DUE PRICES MODERATE. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 205 MISCELLANEOUS. -:o: In the preceding pages special attention has been directed, under dis- tinctive headings, to each of the principal branches of trade and industry which engage the manufacturing and mercantile classes of Petersburg, and it must be admitted that not only does the present condition of her affairs make a most creditable showing, but also that her existing advantages are in a fair way to be considerably augmented, and that her future is rich in promises of continually mcreasing prosperity — promises which will cer- tainly be redeemed, provided the people remain faithful to themselves and to their traditions. In addition to the more prominent subjects already reviewed, there are others, too numerous for separate classification, and yet too productive of good, in their combined influence upon the com- munity, to justify their being passed by without mention. Among Peters- burg's manufactories there is one which has flourished here for more than forty years, devoted to the production of that most indispensable article. Soap. Another, although comparatively young, has killed competition through a large section of the Southern Country in the matter of Trunks, Valises and the like. The Butter Dish and Fruit Basket Factories, already noticed, are doing an excellent and ever-growing trade with all sections of the country, and giving employment to hundreds of white women of the poorer classes, who could find no other form of manual labor suitable to their sex which would enable them to earn their living respectably. Cot- ton, hair and shuck Mattresses are made in considerable numbers at a Pe- tersburg factory and distributed through the adjoining counties. The City Cemeteries and rural graveyards for many miles around, are supplied with beautiful marble shafts and tomb-stones which bear the "imprint" of the Cockade Marble Works, as do also many of the ornaments that adorn our handsome residences. Oar Florists and Nurserymen are without superiors in the various details of their interesting trade and the choice est flowers can be had in profusion, at an hour's notice, during any month in the year. The windows and show cases of our Jewelry Stores sparkle with rich gems and present a most attractive assortment of watches, clocks, gold and silver ware, and such other articles as pertain to this department of trade. Such goods as China and Glass Ware are to be found here in as great variety and at as low prices as in the large Northern Cities. Our plumbers, paper-hangers, tinners, boot and shoe ms.kers, builders, black- smiths and mechanics of all kinds, furnish excellent work, each in his own line ; while our photographic artists turn out first-class work in all styles, and faithfully reproduce, in most becoming manner, the very superior ef- forts of those other artists, the Milliners and Tailors. The City is also well supplied with Livery and Sale Stables ; buggies, hacks and saddle-horses are numerous and can be hired at moderate rates. In short, for a city of its size and population, there cannot be found one anywhere in which the necessaries, comforts and luxuries of life, in all conceivable forms, are more abundant or more easily obtainable than they are in Petersburg, and if those who have been accustomed to send to distant points for their sup- plies will only give us a fair trial, they will certainly have no cause to re- gret the experiment, which will no doubt result in securing their perma- nent patronage for our "home trade." HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL iiiiinimmni i niii i iiiir r lIMIlTliiliiimiiiiiinittTiTTTiiriiriiiiii Ph W <^ P^ H-1 i Piini i niiiiiii i i i iiiiT.irriiiii i iiimj-m «o rTTT TTTIIIIITIIIII i riTT . II I I M Tn TTTTmrilll llll TTTT T ^ GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. tmMmkM 181 OCKARE iVlARBr.E VV MANUFACTURER OF MONUMENTS, HEADSTONES, TABLETS, Crosses f Tomb- Stones, Grave- Stones, &a., OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Designs Sent to Any Address Free. a^-WRITE FOR DESIGNS AND PRICES. STCA3IOIIE STREET - - - (Oiyposite Halifax), PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA, HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL OLD DOMINION FLANl ML. J. C WOOL, DEALER IN AND MANUFACTURER OF Doors, Sash, Blinds, Mouldings, &c. >Brackets,'M^eweIs,'t'Ballusters,'J*Stair'{'^aiIs,*4^ ROUGH AND DRESSED LUMBER. OFFICE : 6 SOUTH SYCAMORE STREET. MANUFACTORY: 206 AND 208 LOMBARD STREET. PETERSBURG, YIRGINIA. LUMBER OF ALL KINDS ALWAYS ON HAND. Dressing, Kiln-Drying and Scroll-Sawing nt03inLY EXECVTED. BUILDERS' HARDWARE. All Styles and Sizes of Window Frames & Mantel Pieces MADE TO ORDER. SATISFACTION GUAR A]!fTEij>, BOX MAKING A SPECIALTY. : --'-7':^^^, GUIDE TO PETERSnURG, VA. 213 T TTTTTT T7 T T ! I T TTT TTTT T I T nT TYI ITf 214 H[STORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL GUIDE TO PETESBURG, VA. 215 W. D. POYTHRESS, *®r! FLOWERS..- ,F ffcS *M ¥»i "■l""'^"^-- , ((K; * S ^^ ^ ^&feX I » 'I CUT FLOWERS A SPECIALTY. ORDERS BY MAIL OR TELEGRAPH PROMPTLY FILLED AND SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. 23 B BYENE 8TBEET, Petersburg,, Va., J. M. WHITEHURST, MANUFACTURER OF Hair, Shuck and Cotton-Top Mattresses, ALSO WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DE\LEK IN Wall Papers, Windoiv Shades, Oil Cloths, flattings, Rugs mid Door Mats, UphQlsterers,'^ Supplies-, Sedding M&teriaii, Ghr^mosp CgrniQeSf, PiGture Frame MguldingSp 4sQn ^Qt No. 117 SYCAMORE STREET, Petersburg, Va. 2l6 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL J. W. YOUNG, (SUCCESSOR TO J. T. YOUNG & BRO.) JEWELER AND SILVERSMITH, OFFERS GREAT BARGAINS IN Fine Gold and Silver Watches, Diamonds, Jewelry, Clocks and Silverware. The best EYE-STRENGTHENING SPECTACLES AND EYE- GLASSES ever used. They are soft, clear and pleasant to the eye. CLOCKS from $i.oo to $50, from the best factories, and oruaranteed to work well. WATCHES AND JEWELRY REPAIRED by tlie best work- men. ENGRAVING done in the best style. Corner Sycamore and Bank Streets, Petersburg, Va. A. D, HARDING. WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER AND DEALER IN CLOCKS, WATCHES AND JEWELRY. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO CLEANING AND MEPAIMING JEWELMY, CLOCKS, WATCHES, &c. WEDDING AND GIFT RINGS MADE TO ORDER. All Work Warranted. 140 N. SYCAMORE STREET, PETERSBURG. VA. Moderate Charges GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 217 C. F. LAUTERBACK, (Formerly with the late E. Richter,) ^IZIatcl^niaker ai]d Dealer iii Bii^e Jewelry,-^ Silver-ware, Watches, Clocks, &c. C^^Repairs Executed at Short NoTiCE.-^^a 144 Syeainorc Stree t, Petersburg, Ta. D. BUCHANAN, Practical Watctunaker, MaiinfacKirii CroWsmitli aiid Jewelerj 113 SYCAMORE ST., PETERSBURG, VA., Is about to remove to the eleprant new store, No. lU Broad street, Richmond, where he will be glad to s^e hid friends and patrons, and to retain at least a portion of their patronasre. The business and stock In Petersb rg Is now for sale, and GKEAT BARGAINS are offered. JAMES SMITH. HUGH R. SMITH. JAS, S3IITH i& SON, PINE STREET, (Near Washington,) PETERSBURG, VA. Tallow and Grease of all kinds bought and sold. ESTABLISHED 1858. ffi^o :^« Tm 'M^ ^m. 1S3 ~mr^ GAS AND STEA3I FITTER, No. 7 Bollingbrook St., Petersburg-, Va. ~ ~ ESTABLISHED 1867. ROBT. T. STONE. JOHN W. FRIEND- SALE, LIVERY AND HIRING STABLES, A fine assortment of HACKS, BUGGIES AND SADDLE HORSES always on hand. Good accommodation and ample room for drovers. JVO. 40 L03IBAIID ST,, JPetersbuvf/, Va. Livery, Sale and Exchange Stables, NO. 18 BAJSK STBJEET, Petevshurg, Ta. 2l8 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL Cr_ ID. BO^W^IE, DEALER IN FISH, OYSTERS, WILD GAME AND ALL KINDS OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. All orders filled with promptness and dispatch. NO. 12 BOLLINGBROOK ST., Petersburg, Va. UPHOLSTERER, PLAIN AND DECORATIVE J^ JIL K* JC: SC - JHL JIL.'im ^i-HEl JR. BOOMS NEATLY PAPERED AT SHORT NOTICE. 144 SYCAMORE STREET, Petersburg. Va. LUMBER, WOOD AND COAL. The central position occupied by Petersburg, renders her an important depot and distributing point for the commodities embraced by the above heading. She is within easy reach, by rail and water, of the great pine, oak, gum and poplar forests of Virginia and North Carolina, and her com- merce with the Northern markets in lumber, boards, planks railroad ties and fire-wood, is considerable. There are several saw-mills in and near the city, as well as door and window-sash, wooden-dish and basket fac- tories. The surrounding country also abounds in saw-mills, and the axe and' adze of the woodman are heard incessantly in the forests. Direct railroad communication with the famous coal-fields of Virginia and the adjoining States, insures to us an abundant and cheap supply of soft or bituminous coal ; while the mines of Pennsylvania and Maryland furnish us with the excellent hard coal for which they are celebrated. Some of ou^ coal and lumber dealers also handle lime, plaster, cement and other build- ers' materials, besides straw, hay, oats, etc. These trades, separate and combined, are in the hands of experienced, enterprising and reliable firms, with plenty of capital to conduct and expand their business according to the opportunities legitimately offered. k LUMBER DEALERS. Tobacco Box Lumber a Specialty. WASHINGTOJf^ STREET, - - PETEBSBUMG, VA. guide to petersburg, va. 219 Louis L. Marks. Alfred Friend. MARKS g^ FRIEND, General Commission and Shipping Merchants, DEALERS IN ^HAY, GRAIIT, COAL, LIME AND LUMBER.-?*- MANUFACTURERS OF _a.&i^ictji-.ttj:e^^i_. lh^^e. NO. 113 RIVER STREET, PETERSBURG. VIRGINIA. J. W. PHILLIPS, DEALER IN COAL, ¥/QOD, LUMBER, BRICKS, RAILROAD TIES, HOOP POLES, &C. Office and Yards at Head of High Street, on the Basin, PETERSBURG, VA. I^^^Order through Telephone. WM. J. CHAPPElX ^Buil(ler'!-ai]d-4-(5oi]tractor,'^ PETERSBURG, VA. 220 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL JOHN L. HOBSON, DEALER IN ALL GRADES OF HARD ^ SOFT COAL. Office : No. 3 Ta b Street and Pocahontas Bridge, Petersburg, Virginia. WM. R. NICHOLS, Coal and Wood Dealer. Offices : Cor. East Tabb and Sycamore Sts. and Pocahontas, Petersburg, Va. ANTHRACITE, SPLINT, BRIGHT HOPE AND STEAM COALS AND WOOD. yer/ Lowest Market Prices A/ways Guaranteed. Geo. V. Scott. Richard C. Scott. GEORGE V. SCOTT & SON, Lumber, Coal & General Commission & Shipping Merchants. QMoe&m thQ WMri,, Petersburg, Ya.. W. T. Harrison. E. M. Barksdale. HARRISON & BARKSDALE, DEALERS IN LUMBER, LATHS, POSTS, AVOOD, &C., &C Second Street, below the Bollingbrook Hotel, Petersburg, ¥a. B^^'Estimates furnished and Bills of Lumber filled at lowest figures. GEORGE J. ROGERS, DEALER IN WOOD AND RAILROAD TIES. Cor. Bollingdrook and Fifth Streets, t'ETERSBURG, Va. CONFECTIONERY. The wholesale and manufacturing Confectioners of Petersburg have al- ways done their full share in building up and maintaining the City's trade with the outer world ; and it is gratifying to know that their efforts have been duly appreciated, and rewarded by the increasing number of orders for their delicious products, which include candies, cakes, crackers, pies, and other articles calculated to tempt and delight the appetite. Our confec- tioners are also large dealers in native fruits of all kinds, fresh, dried and crystalized, as well as in imported fruits and confectionery. Affiliated with this branch of trade, although not exactly belonging to it, is the wholesale and retail dealing in toys of all descriptions ; cigars, tobacco and cigar- ettes ; fireworks and other articles which inight be classified as ''fancy goods." At certain seasons, — the Christmas holidays, for example — the business done by these establishments is enormous, and the employees are kept working night and day, filling orders for city custoiners and dispatch- ing cases of goods to the villages and hainlets for miles and scores of miles around. The sales effected by our wholesale and retail confectioners during the year 1884 aggregated nearly a quarter of a million dollars. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. CHARLES C. ALLEY MANUFACTURER OF CANDY & CAKES, Wholesale and Retail Confectioner, AND DEALER IN FRUITS, CIGARS, TOBACCO, &C., Mq. f Worth ^foamQFe Mreei, PETERSBURG, YIRGINIA. ESTABMSHEB 182©. B. H. AlARKS & CO., Steam Bakers & Confectioners AND DEALERS IN JpQTQigu and Dqv/iqbUc PrtMis, CH} WING AND SMOKING TOBACCO, Cigars, Snuffs, Pipes, cSz:c. . Ice Cream and Fine Confections ALWAYS ON HAND. HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ^PROFESSIONAL GARDSt>^ (ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED.) ■I - JXCO C POOU - ' ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW. George S. Bernard. D. M, Bernard, Jr. G. S. & D. M. BERNARD, ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW. Nos. 4 and 6 Mechanics' Building, - - - Petersburg, Va. George T. Clarke. R. D, Gilliam. CLARKE & GILLIAM. ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW. SURRY COURT HOUSE, SURRY COUNTY, VA. COURTS : — Surry, Prince George and Isle of Wight Counties, United States Courts at Richmond and Norfolk, and Supreme Court of Appeals at Richmond, Va. J. J. Cocke. Ro. Gilliam, Jr. COCKE & GILLIAM, attokneys-at-law, Offices: No. 114 Sycamore street (Corner of Court House Avenue), Petersburg, Va. Practice in Courts of Petersburg and surrounding Counties, and in the United States Courts and Court of Appeals at Richmond. Chas. F. Collier. Joseph S. Budd. COLLIER & BUDD, ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW. Law Offices.- 62}^, Sycamore street, Petersburg, Va. Will practice in the Supreme Court of Appeals at Richmond, Va., in the Courts of the City of Petersburg and in those of the adjacent counties. Bo M. CtX^ ATTORNEY-AT-LAW AND NOTARY PUBLIC. No. 212 Exchange Building, Bank street, Petersburg, Virginia. Will practice in all the Courts of the City and surrounding Counties. ROPER DAVIS, '^ A T T O .R N E Y- A T-L A W, PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA. guide to petersburg, va. 225. Alexander Donnan. Alexander Hamilton. (Established July 8th, 1874.) ATTORN EYS-AT-L AW, No. 24 Bank Street, - - Petersburg, Virginia. Attend regularly all the Courts held for the City of Petersburg and the Counties of Dinwiddie, Chesterfield. Prince George, Sussex, and occa- sionally those of Greensville, Amelia and Surry. The collection of debts, and winding up of estates particularly attended to. They also practice m the District and Cir cuit Courts of the United States at Richmond, Va. J Wesley Friend. " Richard B. Davis. ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW. Office: Over Petersburg Savings and Insurance Company's Offices^. Petersburg, Va. Practice in Courts of Petersburg and surrounding Counties, and in the United States Courts and Court of Ap peals at Richmond . ROBERT H.JONES, JR., (Late of Jones & McKenney,) ATTORNEY- AT-LAW. Exchange Building, Bank Street, Petersburg, Va. Subscriber to Hubbell's Legal Directory, Sloan's Legal and Financial' Register, and member of the Continental Collection Union. Courts of the City of Petersburg and surrounding Counties, United States Courts and Court of Appeals at Richmond. David A. Lyo-n, AUorney - at - Lam, NO. 1101-2 SYCAMORE STREET, PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA. Practices in all the courts of the State of Virginia, and in the United' States Courts. W. B. McILWAINE. GEORGE MASON. McILWAINE & MASON, Attorney s-at- Law, A^o. 3, 3Iechanic8 Building, Petershur(jf Va, Courts: City of Petersburg and counties of Chesterfield, Dinwiddie,. Prince George, Surry, Sussex and Gre ensville. ^ W. R. McKENNEY, (Late of Jones & McKenney.) " COUNSELLOR-AT-LAW, ExchangeBuilding, Bank Street, PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA. CQ7m2n§siQtter Ut Chancery and Notary Publie. Courts of the City of Petersburg aud surrounding counties, Unite* States Courts, and Court of Appeals at Richmond. .-.224 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LA^V, No. 114 Sycamore Street (Cor. of Court House Avenue), Petersburg, Va. Practice in the Courts of Petersburg and surrounding Counties, United States Courts and Court of Appeals at Richmond. R. T. WILSON, Attorney-at-Law, No. ii4 Sycamore Street (Cor. of Court House Avenue), Petersburg, Va. Office Hours : From 9 A. M. to 3 P. M. Courts : Petersburg and surrounding Counties, Court of Appeals and United States Courts at Richmond. Specialty of business in Surry, Sus- sex and Dinwiddle. DENTISTS. ~~ Thos. Jay Burgess, D. Z>. S., I>E]^TAXi OFFICE. JV^O. 5 SYCAMOllE STREET, {Over Alex. Wilsofi's, PETERSBURG, VA. B/t. B. F, COSBY, Surgeon Dentist, Graduate of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. Resident Prac- titioner for Thirty Years. Office: 23 1-2 North Sycamore St., Petersburg, Va. BR. L. r. FUOUA, DENTIST. OFFICE AT BESIDEIfCE, First Door from Augustas Wrifjltfs Shoe Store. NO. 8 FRANKLIN SWEET, Petersburg, Va. DR. JOHN H. HARTMAN, Dentist, X\rO. -4:4: BJ^TnTIC sti^eet, (OPPOSITE THE ACADEMY On' MUSIC,) FBl'EmSBUM©s. ITIMSIKIA, GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 225; PRINCIPAL MANUFACTURING AND MER- CANTILE HOUSES OF PETERSBURG. While noue of our citizeus are por-sessed of such colossal wealth as to make them the financial eciuals of the Yanderbilts, the Goulds and the other score or two of millionaires of whom the Metropolis of the United States can boast, we have among us many substan- tial business men, whose talent, euerpy and enterprise have secured comfortable fortunes for themselves and at the same time contributed largely towards building up the com- mercial importance of the city. By such men as these the objects of this publication have been appreciated and en- dorsed, as is evidenced by the material support they have given it by identifying them- selves,' through its advertising pages, -with the undertaking, and also by the liberal aid they have given in securing its wide circulation. It is impossible to give every business house in Petersburg a separate notice without expanding the volume indefinitely. The follovdug, which are given gratuituusly, are therefore limited to those who have sustained the piiblisher's efforts to promote the pub- lic welfare, in the manner above mentioned. Petersburg has a noble history, full of interest to all who love personal coiu-age, public patriotism, commercial integrity and social virtue. May her future historians find many another bright page to add to her story ! The Upper Appomattox Company.— (See page 75.) The Petersburg Gas Light Company.-(See page 92.) Petersburg Street B.ailway, George Beadle, Proprietor.— (See page 93.) The Petersburg Railway.— ^ee pages 95 and 102.) The Norfolk 6l ^Vestern ».. R and The Va., Tenn. dL Ga. Air- Iiine.— (See pages 98, 103 and lOi.J STEAMSHIP AND STEAMBOAT LINES. Clvde's Coastwise and ^^est India Steam Sines. -The fine Steam- chin^ of this Company (W. P. Clyde & Co., of Philadelphia and Isew lork) run regularly between all the ports on the Atlantic Seaboard of the United States and the seaports of ^mith America and the West Indies, carrying enormous quantities of freight and couduct- hiV a profitable trade. Several of Clyde's propellers run regularly between Philadel- ihfi and Richmond, calling at Norfolk, and, in the cotton season, at West Point. Va., rpcivine and delivering Petersburg freights at City Point. This line has exercised a iinwf rful influence upon the development of commercial interests m this section. Cap- tain James W. McCarrick is the General Southern Agent, with his office at Norfolk, and Mr Charles H. Shelton, is the agent in this city. (See page 105.) Old Dominion Steamship Company.— This wealthy and powerful Company wnTorcrauized in 1SG7, and succeeded the New York and Virginia Steamship Company. Tt« hf^n7l oflices are at 197 Greenwich Street, New York, and its principal oflicers are : pL,nodore N L McCready, Pre.sident ; W. H. Stanford, Secretary; andH. A. Bourne, wSendeni. Captain John M. West is the agent for Petersburg and Wty Point. The ComDany is one of the wealthiest and mo^t infiuential m the country, ai^/J owns a We fleet of magnificent iron propellers, which ply between New York, Norfolk City Point and Eichmond. The passenger accommodation on board these steamships is most luxurious, and duriiig the eighteen years of its career not a single life intrusted to the Company's care has been lost. (See page 106.) Virginia Steamboat Company.— Nothing more enjoyable can be imagined tbn^ a tihi down the beautiful James on board one of the comfortable steamers of this line Thev call at all the principal landings on the river bstween Kichmond and Nor- folk and are supplied with every comfort. The scenery is superb and replete with his- torical interest, and the fare is only one dollar ! Passengers going to Baltimore and the Norih c-a -o down the river by this line to Norfolk, where close connection is made with,. ^26 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL the Steamships of the Old Dominion and Baltimore Steam Packet Companies. Mr. L. B. Tatum, of Richmond, is Superintendent of the Line, and Mr. Charles H. Sheltou is the Petersburg Agent. (See page lOG.) KEAL ESTATE BROKERS. vTobn C. CS-riffin. — This gentleman has had many years' experience as a land broker aud dealer in Farms, Timber, and Mineral Lands and City Property, and has supplied many a settler with a comfortable home. Those who contemplate purchasing land in Virginia would do well to communicate with Captain Griffin before committing them- selves tiaally, lest they should discover too late that, under his advice, they might have made a better bargain. (See page 109.) X*jrle 6l DeHaveili— a pushing, enterprising and reliable firm, whose members -are practically familiar with all the details of their business. They always keep a good list of desirable Farm aud Mineral Lands and City Property for sale or exchange. They are also agents for the Virginia Immigration Society, and give special attention to the re- qairements of settlers from the North or from the Trans-Atlantic States. Their circulars, ■coutainiug most valuable information, will be sent to all applicants. (See page 110.) TOBACCO MANUFACTrRERS. S. 'W. Venable & Co.— (See page 115.) IXTm. Cameron &. Bro.— (See page 116.) 3>. S. Tennant & Co.— (See page 118.) "Watson & IKfficG-m.— (Seepage 119.) "Williamson & Routb.— (See page 120.) Boykin, Bland 6l Cc— (See page 121.) John H. SWCaclin.- (See page 122.) "W. D. Barkley & Co.— (See page 123.) Xi, B. Inge. — For several years connected with the Tobacco Trade o: Peters'^ure. Has recenty removed to 21 Lombard Street, where he manufactures several bi'ands of Ex- .port and Tax-joaid Tobacco. (See page 123.) Hobert C. Osborne.— (See page 124.) 13f/m B. EEall. —Manufactures Cigars and Smoking Tobacco of several kinds and of all grades at his factory, No. 49 Bank Street. Has a large local trade and is well- supported in the surrounding counties. He contemplates enlarging his premises shortly, in obedience to the demands of his increasing business. (See page 124.) James ZS. ^tTinston. — Has established a good and growing trade in the City, as well as in Western Virginia and in the adjoining State of Tennessee, where his Cigars are in great demand. He also deals largely m several popular brands of Chewing and Smoking Tobacco, and is regarded as a most reliable manufacturer and dealer. (See .page 124.) A. J. Campbell dL Co.— (See page 125.) TOBACCO WAREHOUSES. Hffoore'S.- (See page 126.) Centre. — A commodious and centrally situated warehouse undar the management of Mr. F. W. Jones, of Brunswick, and Mr. W. T. Harvey of Nottoway, who give their best personal attention to the sampling of Hogsheads and the sales of Loose Tobacco. The warehouse is situated on Washington Street, opposite the depot of the Petersburg Railroad, aud is most convenient for farmers entering the town from the coi;nties lying to the westward. Good accommodation is given, without charge, to Wagons and horses — aud their drivers, if desired. (See page 127.) "WTest Slill. — The largest aud most centrally located warehouse in the City, under the control of two experienced aud popular Samplers, Mr. J. J. Pereivall, of Petersburg, and Colonel W. M. Field, of Dinwiddle County. New sheds aud rooms for the accommo- dation of horses and drivers are iu course of construction aud will very shortly be com- pleted All the Tobacco brought to this warehouse is insured, without expense to the . •owner. (See page 128.) The Virginia Slate Roofing Co.— 0. 0. Thomas & Co.— (See page 129.) PEANUT CLEANERS. 3WE. Levy dC CO. — This firm has been actively engaged in the general Commis- GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 227 «ion business for the past fifteen years, ami is also one of the largest and oldest handlers of Peanuts in the cftv They own several well-established brands of cleaned and hand- SdXnnts vTrgniaandSimm^^ "Eureka," "Crown," '• rnnce George, " ^Thek factory on Bolliugbrook street, corner of Second, is fitted with all the neces- sSy niach™ The house%lso deals largely in Hides, Furs. Beeswax and general Produce. (See page 131.-) IXTaltPr S Fhillivs 6L Co.— Are engaged exclusivelj in the Peanut Trade, unTl.SeZnl\ leSllFelt rTputat^Jon as cleau^erl hand-pickers and dealers. The.r best v,.r,wn hraiirU ai-p " Lisbts " " Flags," " Champion," "Crescent and i^xtra v ir- Ss " They solicit corTespondence^and furnish quotations on application. They own S Operate ^ large and we'u-eciuipped factory, at No. 20 ^^^^f^^-^^^l^'^^^^^^^^^ also the office of the firm. Their branch office in New \ork is at No. 133 Fulton stieet. (See page 132.) , ^ ■niinlon Peebles 6L Co.— A recently-established firm, but composed of prac- tic^"S°?peden!ed hL* rs 'Speanuts. Their factory and office ai. at No. 40 Syca- more street where thev make and put up the "Champion," " Phcemx and Ohal- We" brands from the best stock to be obtained in the market. Their work is first- Ss in every Respect and thoroughly reliable. They refer to the P^tersbui-g Savings & iSuince Company, and solicit correspondence with the trade all over the countiy. (See ^'Tosloh B. Worth.-Has devoted the last six years to the Peanut business, and hifbinnds h^ve m^^4h great success at the North. South and West. His factory at No 13 Old street has a caj^xcitv of one hundred and fifty bags of cleaned and J^^nd-picked miis a day and his goods^are guaranteed to be first-class in every respec , and fully up to .'rLle He pays the highest market price for his Peanuts and invites a trial of his braSd" whi?h iLcl\^e the 'Eagle and Flig," fancy ^^-f P^f f .-^ l-^J^lSpet and the " Shield," Spanish. Mr. AVorth makes a specialty of choice Spanish shelled Pea- nu^ (bee P^^ " Co.-Manufacture and clean all grades of Hand-picked Pea- T^n^'at theiT^ictory corner of Lombard and Third streets. The firm is comparatively SnecLn among their frifnds in the adjoining counties and the Peanut dealers all over the country. (See page 13i.) . Pp^nnt Oeorre Davis & Co.-This is the oldest house now engaged m the Peanut TrSf ^J^PeteTsburg having been established in 1868. In the summer of 1884 th«n- J ac- toxT tas Ssti^yedl^y fi^^^ they are at work again and ^^Z^-^^^''^^^^'^''^^^^''^^^^^ in JaU grades of shelled aAd unshelled hand-picked Peanuts, Virginia and bpanish. (See ^^^^ WOODEN DISH AND BASKET FACTOEIES. George A. Wlannie & Co.-(See page 135.) Hiw e «+hoi.1o ivr»niifacturins- Co.— Several entirely new industrial en- S ?r = ss^-^p^'^^^=EB^^^ 225 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL order to fill the first rush of orders. Mr. George K. Browu, the experieuced inauager of the factory, is the inventor and patentee of the baskets and crates turned out by this Company. They are peculiarly adapted to the requirements of the delicate and luscious fruits in which this favored climate is so prolific, and there are strong indications that it will soon be necessary to enlarge the factory, so as to keep pace with the increasing trade. All the hands employed by this Company are white, and a large proportion are females. The company has recently been chartered under the State laws, with an au- thorized capital of !|50,000. (See page 136.) COMMISSION MERCHANTS, GROCERS, ETC. Allen & Prichard.— A well-known, old-esttiblished and reliable firm, doing a large wholesale and jobbing business, in all kinds of groceries and country produce. Also agents for Oriental Gum Po»vder and the Baltimore United Oil Company's Kerosene Oil. As Commission merchants they enjoy a large and profitable country connection, and ofl'er special inducements to promptly-paying and cash customers. (See page 138.) John Arringrton & Sons.— Established in 18G(5, and are among the largest handlers in Petersburg of Cotton, Tobacco, Peanuts, and farm produce of every variety. They make a specialty of bright tobacco for wi-appers. They are also .wholesale grocers and hold several important agencies, including those for (Pacific Giaauo, the McComb AiTrow Tie Company and Bridgewater Flour. (See page 139.) Arringtons & Scotta — Richmond. Va., composed of the members of the firm last noticed ^Messrs. R. T. and S. P. Arrington) and Messrs. R. T. Arriugton Jr. and F. W. Scott. Their business, that of General Commission Merchants, is conducted by the two gentleman last named. They are building up a fine trade in connection with the Peters- burg establishment of John Arrington & Sons. Their warehouse is at Shockoe Slip, very convenient to railroad and water transportation. (See page 139.) E> Bn Bain. — This gentleman is the surviving partner and successor of the late firm of Bain & Parrack. He is one of the oldest and best trusted of Petersburg's merchants, and is President of the Petersburg Chamber of Commerce, and a Director of the Petersburg Tobacco Association. The business was establshed in 1874, since which time it has grown and prospered and commanded universal confidence. Mr. Bain is a very large buyer of Tobacco, Cotton, Grain and Peanuts. He is also a large dealer in No. 1 Peruvian Guano and Agent for several popular brands of Fertilizers. He is widely known, throughout this wliole section of country, as a perfectly trustworthy, con- scieutioiis gentleman, as well as a prudent and r( liable merchant. (See page 140.) J. G-arland Blackwell & Co.— Established in 1881, and now doing a large Commission business with the planters and farmers of several neighboring counties — Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Prince George, Dinwiddle, Greenville, Brunswick, Prince Edward and Halifax. They give strict personal attention to all their consignments of I)roduce, and obtain for them the full market value. (Seepage 141.) Davis, Koper & Co.— One of the largest firms of Wholesale Grocers in the City. They always keep on hand a large and varied stock of goods, and are satisfied with moderate profits. They do au enormous business with the retail trade of Petersburg and the surrounding districts, and solicit consignments of produce and merchandise, for which they invariably get the best prices. They represent, as agents, the City Mills Milling Company's flour, meal and mill feed, and invite orders for the same. (See page 142.) Ci-reen & Burton. — An active, energetic and thriving firm, who deal largely in Cotton, Tobacco, Corn, Wheat Peanuts and other country produce, for which they so- licit consignments, alwaye giving the same their prompt attention. They are also agents for the famous Patapsco Guano and Allison & Addison's Star Brand Fertilizers, which command a ready sale for all crops. (See page 143.) «7ones & Callender. — For three years jiast engaged in the purchase and sale, on commission, of General Plantation and Farm Produce, making a specialty of Cotton, Leaf Tobacco, Peanuts and Wheat. As Wholesale Grocers they enjoy exceptional facili- ties, and all orders are promptly filled at the lowest market prices. They are agents for "National" Tobacco and Cotton Manure, and for '-Orchilla" Guano. They invite custom and consignments, and guarantee complete satisfaction. (See page 144.) BIZartin Hil! & Co.— in 1830 this venerable commercial house was established, the original name of the firm being Martin, Jones & Bragg, the partners in which were N. M. Martin,* A. Sydney Jones* and D. Wilson Bragg.* About a year later Mr. Jones * Now deceased. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 229 •ttithclrew from the coucern and the busiuess was carried on by the two remaining part- }iers, under the style of Martin & Bragg. This last named 'firm was dissolved aboi;t January 1st, 1835, and the senior partner, Mr. Martin, associated with him Mr. David Douuan, Jr.,* and the firm name became N. M. Martin & Dounau. On the 1st of Janu- ary.' 1839, this firm was in turn dissolved, and Mr. Martin formed a partnership with Mr. liobert A. Hamilton (father of our townsman, Mr. Alexander Hamilton), under the firm name of N. M. Martin & Hamilton. The last-mentioned partnership did not last long, and was succeeded by N. M. Martin & Donnans, composed of N. M. Martin, David Dou- uan. Jr. and John Donnau, Jr. On Jannuary 1st, 184G, this firm established a branch house in Richmond, under the style of N. M. Martin & Company, the senior partner )nov- ing with his family to that City. The firm in Richmond was afterwards changed to N. M. Martin, Bro., & Company, Robert A. Martin having been admitted to partnership. On New Year's Day, the latter withdrew from the Richmond house and returned to Petersburg ■where he entered the firm of Mcllwaine, Brownly & Company (afterwards Mcliw.iiue, Son & Company), with whom he remained as a partner for five years. On January 1st. 1855, the partnerships existing in Richmond and Petersburg between N. M. Marti w, David Donnan, Jr. and John Donuan, Jr., were dissolved, and at the same date Robert A. Mar- tin M-ithdrew from the firm of Mcllwaine, Son & Company to join his brother, N. M. Martin, as partner in both the Richmond and Petersburg houses, the former adopting the style of N. M. Martin, Sou & Company, and the latter, N. M. Martin, Brotlier & Com- pany — the same as had been the style of the Richmond firm years before. The mem- bers of these two houses, when they were established in 1855 were N. M. Martin and his son, Walter K. Martin, Robert A. Martin, Henry L. Plummer, Jr. and Robert Tan- nahilL* Mr. Plummer subsequently withdrew, and N. M. Martin, Jr.* was admitted to partnership in both houses, without, however, any change of name occurring until Jan- uary, Isi, 1861. On that date (the founder of the firm, or firms, having died in the pre- vious year), Walter K. Martin, R. H. Cunningham, Jr.,* Robert A. Martin, N. M. Mar- tin, Jr. and Robert Tauuahill, reorganized both houses and continued the business in Richmond as Walter K. Martin & Company. These two firms were dissolved in June, 1865, Walter K. Martin continuing the business on his own account in Richmond, where he is now the head of the firm of Walter K. Martin & Company, and Robert A. Martin and Robert Tannahill succeeding to the Petersburg business under the firm name of Martin & Tannahill. Shortly afterwards this last-mentioned firm consolidated with Mc- llwaine & Company, ot Petersburg, and established a house in New York, under the style of Tannahill, Mcllwaine & Company, which was managed by Mr. Tannahill, who removed to that City. On July 1st, 1868, the firms of Martin & Tannahill, of Petersburg, and Tannahill, Mcllwaine & Company, of New I'ork, were dissolved. Mr. Tannahill continued the New York business and remained at its head until his death, in 1888. It is now conducted by his heirs, under the name of Robert Tannahill & Company. In July, 1868, Mr. Robert A. Martin formed a copaitnership with Mr. Robert R. Hill, and continued the Petersburg business as Robert A. Martin & Company until 1877, when Mr. A. G. M. Martin, son of the senior member of the firm and grandson of the late A. G. Mcllwaine (who was, in his day, one of Petersburg's most prosperous merchants), was admitted as a partner, and the concern, for the first time, assumed its present name of Martin, Hill & Company. It will thus be seen that from the house founded in 1830 by Mr. N. M. Martin (and who was for several years at the head of the Richmond firm, also), two branch houses, both of which now probably eclipse the parent establishment. Lave descended. To the wisdom, busiuess talent and unimpeachable integrity of the original founder of the concern, much of the success which, since his death, has atte"aded the old house and its branches, may doubtless be attributed. At any rate, they can say what few firms of their age can, namely : that not one of them, from their foundation, has ever suspended or gone to protest, and that to-day, although in no way connected with each other, they are all "live concerns." It will be noticed that, since its establishment in 1830, and during its whole long life of fifty-five years, "Martin " has always been the first name of the firm in Petersburg, and it may be orophesied with absolute safety that so long as the old house and its briinches conduct their busiuess on the principles taii^ht and practiced by the original founder, Nathaniel Macon Martin, their friends will never have cause to complain of " confidence abiised." He was the very soul of honor in ail his dealings, socially as well as commercially, and his precept and example have borne good fruit in those whom he has trained up as his successors in busiuess. (See page 14:5.) Robinson, Tillar & Co.— Deal extensively in Groceries of all kinds. Pert li- zers. Bagging, Ties, etc., and receive consignments of Cotton, Tobacco, Corn. Peanuts aud other produce, for sale on commission. They make quick siles at top prices, and * Now deceased. 230 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL render prompt returns. They are Agents for several leading manufactnrers of Chemicals and Guanos, and warrant all tbey sell to be genuine and reliable. Mr. J. C. Kobiuson. the senior partner, manages the atfairs of the firm in Petersburg, and Mr. B. D. Tillar, who resides at Hicksford, attends to its outside business: (See page 146.) Alexander Wilson.— For more than thirty years Mr. Wilson has held front rank as a dealer in Foreign and Domestic Groceries, and now stands at the head of the trade in Petersburg. His stock embraces every variety of Goods to be found in first- class establishments of the kind, besides a complete assortment of Wines, Liquors and General Provisions. He is sole Agent for Moerlein's Cincinnati Beer and "Appomat- tox" New Family Flour. Teas, Coffees and Spices ar? among the articles of which Jlr. Wilson makes specialties. He is also a director of the Bank of Petersburg. (See page George S. IPrichard.— This gentleman has been in his present business for the List six years, during which period he has built up an excellent connection in tlie City by always keeping Ins stock of Family Groceries, Confectionery, Canned Goods, To- bacco and Cigars, at a very high standard of excellence and at very low prices — the two qualities which most directly commend themselves to the thrifty housekeejoer. He war- rants his goods to be as good and as cheap as any in the market. (See page llS.) Cabaniss & Iiunsford. — Succeeded the firm of Cabaniss & Co. a j'ear ago, when LIr. J. H. Cabaniss admitted his associate, Mr. Charles Lunsford, to partnership. This firm conducts a very extensive general Commission business, a large proportion of which comes from the western portion of the State, beyond Lynchburg. They make specialties of Seed, Butter, Cheese, Flour, Grain, Hay and Feed. They give as their reference the Bank of Petersburg, and solicit correspondence. (See page 148.) T. A. S'almer, — Keeps a complete assortment of Choice Family Groceries, Wines. Liquors, Cigars and Tobacco, and makes specialties of Teas, Coffees and Canned Goods. He lias had a long experience in the Retail Trade and has secured a large and profitable biisiuess connection. (See page 149.) ^ tyQ hn B^. Peeb les. — An active, prudent and succesful Merchant, who deals largely in Peaauts, i^oreign Tufd-Domestic Fruits, Dried Fruits, Potatoes and general Farm and Dairy Produce, for which he pays the highest cash price. He is also a member of the firm of Dunlop, Peebles & Company, jieanut cleaners. Mr. Peebles has enjoyed an ac- tive experience, covering seventeen years, in the wholesale produce and fruit trade, and is known everywhere as a thoroughly reliable dealer. (See page 149.) Samuel J. 22urt.— One of the oldest and most highly esteemed of Petersburg's Wholesale Grocers and Commission Merchants. He attends personally to the sale of all the Tobacco, Cotton, Wheat, Corn and other produce received by him from his nu- merous country customers, and is regarded as an excellent salesman and most energetic mat! of business. He carries a large assortment of Groceries for the Wholesale Trade. (See page 149.) T. J. iFarratt &. Son. — A well-known and prosperous house, for^miny years large handlers of Cotton, Tobacco, Peanuts and other Country Produce, the sale of which receives the faithful supervision of the firm, whose senior partner and founder, Mr. T. J. Jarratt, was elected to the Mayoralty of the city in 1882, and is now serving his second consecutive term in that office. His son, Mr. Walter J. Jarratt, was admitted to partnership in 1883. (See page 150.) Patterson, IMCadison & Co. — Have been largely engaged in the Wholesale Grocery business for the past sixteen years, and are among the most active and pushing of our merchants. They keep a good stock of general Groceries and Provisions, which they sell at the lowest market prices, being content with a narrow margin of profit. (See page 150.) D' Alton <&i Co. — -V thoroughly business-like house, careful' and judicious in the selection of its stock, which is the largest and best-assorted in the city. The head of the firm, Mr. James T. D'Alton, is also the junior member of the firm of D'Alton & Son. carrying on a kindred business on Old Street. As wholesale grocers, D'Alton & Com- pany stand at or very near the top of the list. (See page 150.) IS. Sm ^ond & Sro. — Composed of Edward J. and William A. Bond, the for- mer of whom has for many years held, and still holds, a position of trust with- the Pe- tersburg Savings & Insurance Co. The firm is still young, '-jut it is gradually working into a good business and already enjoys the confidence of all who have had dialings with them. They keep a full hne of fine Family Groceries, pure, wholesome anl well- selected ; also a choice stock of Cigars and Tob icco, and tbey invite their friends and the public to give their goods a trial. ^See pige 150.) GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 23 1 Joseph "W. Wheary.— Established iu 187-i, autl has occnpieJ biss present eli- gible premises for the past six years.. His proximity to Campbell's bridge, combiued with Lis busiuess ability aud the excellence of his large stock of Assorted Groceries, has resulted iu securiug to his establishment a lar^e trade in town and coimtry. Mr. Wheary is prompt and reliable in all his dealings, and his success in busiuess testiiies to tae esteem in which he is held. (See page 151.) Alfred Archer.— For uearly ten years an active aud successfiil retail grocer, ta- king a decided lead in the Southwestern section of the City. He keeps a fall line of Family Groceries, aud makes specialties of Teas, Wines, Liquors aud Cignrs, He is, iu all respects, justly entitled to the wide popularity aud confidence which he enjoys. (See page 151.) Bag-well and Williams.— Established in 1880, and now carrying ou a large and successful busiuess as Wholesale Grocers and general Commission Merchants. They occupy the end store iu the haudsome ' ' Iron Frout liuildmg," vvhich affords ample storage accommodation aud enables them to handle euormou3 quantities of goods aud farm pro- duce. (See page 151.) Vff T. Hubbard 6l Co.— Have recently removed into their haudsome uew premises on Sycamore Street, between Franklin aud Washington Streets, the bniJLliug of which was necessitated by the expanding busiuess of the firm m Cotton, Tol;iicco, NVheat aud other staple crops, which engage their special aiteutioii. The house was estabashed uearlv twenty years ago, aud has secured a large and flounshiug trade. The firm is com- posed of Messrs. W. T. Hubbard and J. L. Peebles, the former of whom represents the Third Ward iu the City Couucil. (See page 151.) P H Curtis Sl Co.— Occupy a most eligible site on Franklin Street, adjoin- iue West Hill W'arehouse, aud are large dealers in Groceries, Wmes. Liquors, etc. The busiuess has been established nearly four years, previous to wnich Mr. Curtis occupied a store on Halifax Street, and dealt principally in Liquors, Cigars and Tobacco. Mr. Curlis is the Chief of the Ciiy Five Department, to whicU omce he was appointed tbree yeaisago. (See pag3 151.) S C Blake.— Extensively engaged iu ths Who'.esale aud Eetad Commission- Trade aud deals in all varieties of Groceries, Ship Stores aud general Produce, .such as Flour Corn ^Ical Oats, Hay and Ground Feed, for horses aud cattle. He gives special Ptteut'ou to'Poultrv and Game, and is the inventor aud patentee of -Blake's Arctic Kefri^erator " an invaluable aud simply-constructed chest for preserving sach perish- able articles 'as fish, game, butter, miik, etc., during the hot summer months. (See page G--av di. En'^e.— Established iu 1880 by Messrs. James H. Gray aud Viuccut luge. Ti T*Si! "Mr Geoi '"^e M luge, son of the last-named gentleman, was admitted to partuer- ^hin"' \Vitla th( cUJse of the year 1884, Mr. Vincent luge retired from the business, leav- iue the firm name unchanged since its first adoption. Messrs. Gray & lug-e do a general Commission trade, making specialties of the .ales of Cotton Gnan and Leaf lubacco. Their eo-uectiou is wide aud includes the counties of Lunenburg, Charlotte, Brunswick, Nottoway aud Prince Edward, iu aduition to those in close -proximity to Petersburg. (See page 152.) ^nratlev &. Kidd.— An old aud reliable fiim, who ded principally iu Lime, Plfmer Cement, Oats, Hav aud Seed, giving special attention to the last-mentioned com- ^.oaitv' Thev are also General Commission Merchants, and receive cousiguments of peueial' Farm Produce, which they dispose of for their customers, always obtammg the ' best market prices aud making ])rompt returns. (See page lo2.) ■n'>ni«>1 K.ahilv.— One of the best-known Wholesale Grocers, Liquor Dealers and CmJSon Merchants in Petersburg. His roomy and well-stocked store at the foot of ^v ..nu ve Street known as the " Old Confederate Commissary," presents at all times a husv scene being a popular resort of retail dealers and individual consumers from the n^nntrv Mr ICahilv makes liberal advances ou consignments, fills country crdtrs m-omptiy, ami sells his goods "cheaper than the cheapest." (See page 152.) ^sr E Bpaton —For a dozen vears, or more, an active aud successful Wholesale CvocJv nml Jobber oi all kinds of Twist aud Plug Tobacco, with which he supplies the t^-'ule at factory piices. He always keeps on hand a large and choice assortment oi goods, and may be relied on to sell the best articles at the very lowest prices. His large s ore, No. 1 Old Street, occupies one of the best business sites in the City. (See page 1^2.) A XST Price —This gentleman has been known for years as a successful whole- salTaudTetairdealei- in Groceries, Wines, Liquors, Cigars etc., doing busimss ou Hali- -'3; HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL fax Street, ■opi:'osife Centre Mnrl:et, whence he has recently reruoved to SC Sycamore Street, at the entrance to Westhill Warehouse, hi^ increasing business requiring greater space and a more central situation than his original premises aiforded. (See page 152.) Plummer, Sain &. Co.— One of the youngest firms in Petersburg, but possessing all the esjeatial elements of success, for its component members, Messrs. H. L. Plummer, Jr., and George AV. Bain, have enjoyed exceptional advantages iu their commercial train- ing and varied experience iu the piirchase and sale of Cotton, Tobacco and other pro- duce. Alreadv this energetic young house has created for itself a far-reaching business connection and ships its goods to New York and other markets at the North and West. (See page 152.) MERCHANDISE BROKERS. J. ZZampden Slater. — Represents various kinds of business and has regular established correspondents iu all parts of the United States. Makes specialties of Flour, Grain and Provisions, General Groceries, Syrups, Coffees, etc., and refers to Hinton & Dunn, bankers; the Petersburg Savings and Instu-ance Co., and the general jobbing trade. (See page 153.) Smith <& Perkins. — Removed here from Richmond early in 1884. They are industrious, enterprising and ambitious. They have placed themselves in direct tele- graphic communication with the markets of New York and Chicago, and have already se- cured a good business. They give special attention to Flour, Grain, Provisions and General Merchandise, and to the faithful execution of orders in options. (See page 153.) Duniop 11r Va —This fine hotel has always been dis- New SurccU House, ^Jf orfom,^^^ V^^^^ f,,e. From time to tiuguished for its excellent ^'';^'^^'];^^l'[^^^^^^^ been renovated, beaiitified, refnr- time it has undergone many chaLgos ^^.'Sencesh^^^^ the able and hospitable man- Bxshed and supplied with all moc^^evnc^^^^^ ^_ ^^^^ Benjamin E. ncrement of its present experienced P^o'^'^^^,':"'^' "I^Lhu popula^^ favor, and visitors to feown. the Parcell House l^;]^-^;X7lSll^^^^^^^ to make the New Purcell S^SS^ SXSiS:"^m"^11;f: B^o^u is also the proprietor of the lar-fan^e. Blue' Kidge Spi ings. (See page 16o. ) -34 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAI ou the Qumcey's European House.-As the uama implies, this Hotel is Pon,in.f.7 a the so-callea "Europeau" plau, which is well uuderstood iu thircounh-v '^^"/^'''^''^^^ utatiou of its proprietor, Mr. Chris. Quincey, as a geuial host au 1 a mos7;« Ji '■'^'■ terer, is by no means limited to this section or State^ for thousands of viSos to p't '''" burg, of late years, have had reason to remember his hospitality and sl-ill J?/ .'?" tude. His house has recently been much improved bv the LiaSn of a bi llL^ i ,!'"*'; othe^r ath-actions, while the accommodations and fare are in all respects llrsrcL«i^^^(^^^^^^ Julius iiebert. -Shortly after the close of the war this gentleman settled in Pp tei-sbarg, and has for nearly twenty years been regarded as among the most eSHsht' and successful of her busmess men. His Saloon, Billiard Hall and Restaurant at 'no Jo Lombard Street, are much frequented by town and country people amon" whom V. excellence of his fare is proverbial. Mr. Liebert carries on an extensive b.^sfnS' i^^ tier of Bergner & Engel's f.mous Philadelphia Lager Beer, and also as m " ' f!'f ^""^l Soda, Ginger Ale and SarsapariUa. He his recently purchWed ui p'er'rNo J^^Lf hngbrook Street, fomerly occupied by the peanut factories of Geo -ge Davis & Co and K. C. Marks & Co., destroyed by fire in the summer of 1884, and has uearW ^.,.; , T^ a handsome new building, which he will shortly occupy. tL i ac ons Lt L ^-' '^^^ to Lombard Street, and it is Mr. Llebert's desi.n to con;er? the ?a ^ort'oa n^o ' ^''^ Tiine German B.er Garden, such as have attained great popularity ?at the W. '"*'', 'i.f "" The new buildmg will be elegantly furnished wifh spicillt^x^V o t,e^ comf'" o M t'; patrons and Mr. Liebert wil enjoy increased facilities for meeting the dTmands of il large wholesale and retail biisinees. (See page IGG.) <-itmamis of his Bichberg's Saloon and Restaurant. - The proprietor Mr \ p;.. berg, came to Petersburg in 1848, and has been engaged in busines; here ^ite 1 S^o " He IS an experienced baloou-keeper and Eestaurateur. and his stock of Wines it, nnt^' Cigars, etc., are always of the choicest brands, while his table is regularly famished with all the delicacies in season. His establishment, No. 4 Bank Street" is cent nlh'sft JI i and IS a most convenient house of call for visitors from the co.intiT 'rS l ' " v ' folk & Western or the Richmond & Petersburg Raihoads. Mr EiJhbe v/.f^V^^ ^°'; terms to regular boarders by the day, week or month. (See page 16g!) ^^ Walthall's European HoUSe.~A comfortable house incomnet^.f 1 1 Its proprietor Mr. C. J vv^althall, has had a loog experience in the hoS bS ue st^pf- tersburg and Richmond, and knows exactly how to make his guests comfortable H?J rooms are all newly furnished and his table is supplied with thi best that ^e m rhet^f fords. Being a "European " house, the guests call for what they want ami n ,v f , 7 they get. The bar is stocked with the finest Wines. Ales, LiquorreJl^ee in./l'^r' ISeinemann's Bxchanje.-This popular Saloon and Restaurant is sit,^,tp-^ V cue of the most central and desirable localities in the City, and euiovs riibr^r. i.*^ age from the business men of Petersburg, as well as from tLir cmmtrrfladrbv^th^"' our thoroughfares are crowded at certain seasons of the year. The Saloon o;.n^-\°,"' ground floor of the handsome and time-honored Exchange Buildinc^ the^uone ^nfr^^ of which is used as offices, etc., the whole being the property of Mr°Henrv K ^ '°'' who conducts the Saloon, and keeps nothing bu^t the l-ery' bes't Wines; Liquors CiA'Tnci Tobacco. The chief attraction, however, to the tired and thirsty, is he dSous^Fvnni Lager Baer, from Ballantme's Brewery at Newark, N. J. Thi^ is admittPrrf.^ ' .f purest, best and most refreshing Lager Beer brewed in this country: An exc Ileut fre/ lunch is served daily between the hours of 10 a. m. and 3 p. m. Mr Hein",nann i " i engaged in this business iu Petersburg for the past twelve ye^rt fnThiroce'pTedS: tiorfsSe p'gflB?!)"" ''"'"' '' ^' '' '"" """ ^'-"^ ^" '"'^''^ f--^^^^^- recoXend^ Ocean View Hotel, Ocean View, Va.-A charming wateria-. dHp. nn Chesapeake Bay, opposite Fortress Monroe and in fall view of Canes Charles «n/w It is opened for the acoommodatiou of guests on May 1st ot each VeaiV^ncUs w'^hfn half an hour s run fi;ou#Nortolk by rail. Its situation is most desirable, affordLreiSnent surt-^bathingandnshing, while the fresh sea breezes are most invigorating ° lee page IKON WORKS, HARDWARE, ETC. The :eetersburg Eron Works.-Established in 1S54. The property of TT T. Morrison .k Co., experienced manufacturers of Steam Engines, Mill and Faftm-v ArT' chinery dredges tug boats and all other classes of ma^hinelV for use on land orJa^er" ordinarily manufactured at a first-class foundry. They make soecialti >s o fV?^. ^ i ' Dredgi.:, :>L..chinery and Tug Boats. All work tuimed out^ClSf^m' hS Sven c^' ^ GUIDE TO PETERSnUKG, VA. 235 Y i h-' satisfaction. TLiey also give special nttentiou to Pile-drivers aud Hoisting Engine ''"^'linGus sizes, nnd to locomotives lor tram-roails. (See front inside cover.) ■^ 'V'^armers' Friend Flow YJTorka. — These celebrated Morks are situated nt - . doricksburg. \a., and are the property of Mr. CLarles E. Hunter, uLo hiis a large branch establishment in Petersburg, under the able management of JInjor J. S. Gary, by wh(>m thousands ot these popular plows are sold during every season. In addition to implt^ments manufactured at these works, the Petersburg house keeps in stock all kinds of Agricultural Implements, Steam Engines, Grist and Saw Mills, Cot' on Gins, Separators, Eeapers. Mowers and other varieties of machinery, and is one of the most exteusivt depots in the State. It deals also in Stoves, "Wagons, and scores of other com- modities indispensable to the farmer and planter, and a visit to Mnjor Gary would be time well spent by any one interested in Agricultural Implements or Machinery. (See back hv ide cover. ) Tai.pey <& Steel. — An old and responsible house, having flourished for forty years, formerly under the firm name of Tappey. Lumsden & Co. Their extensive and well eciuipped foundry is situated on Washington Street, opposite the terminus of the Petersburg & Weldon'llailroad. They are large manufacturers of all kinds of Engines, Tobaciio and Cotton Presses, Saw and Grist Mills, Mill Irons, Plows, Castings Eleva- tors f )V stores aud factories, etc. They keep New and Second-hand Engines for sale, aud ;,'uarautee satisfaction in all their dealings. (See page 168.) The lAppomattOS Iron ^JlTorks. — Manufacturers of Machinery of all de- scriptions. Mill Gearing, Shnftmg Pulleys, Agricultural Implements, etc.. making a spec- ialty of Tobacco Fixtures. Hydraulic Presses, etc. They keep all kinds of Farming Im- plements in stock, and execute machine work to order. Prompt, skillful and reliable m all their transactions, they have earned an excellent reputation and a large trade. (See l^age 1G9.) Charles Sjeonard.— Established in 18-15, and now the largest hardware house in the South Occupies very extensive premises on both sides of Bank Street, which are stocked with an endless variety of Hardware, Carriage Materials. Belting, Saw Mill, Ship Chandler's aud Fishermen's Supplies, Musical Intsruments of all sorts. Cutlery, Clocks, Spectacles, aud a thousand other articles which cannot be here enumer- ated. Mr. Leonard is .also agent for the '• Household" Sewing Machine, the '-Howe" Scales and "Dead Shot" Powder, which i^ warranted to be the best made. There are very few articles within the wide range of the general Hardware Trade which are not to be found at Mr. Leonard's mammoth establishment, aud everythiug he sells may be re- lied upon as of the best quality. (See page 170.) H. B. Shelburn. — Kepresents the famous Light-running '-Domestic" Sew- ing Machine, which, for the ficility with which it executes all varieties of work, s auds at the head of the long list of Sewing Machines. Mr. Shelburn invites au inspection of his stock, guarantees every machine be sells, and offers prices aud terms to suit all clas- ses of buyers. He thoroughly understands his business, havmg been engaged in it for more than ten j-ears. (See page 171.) Flummer d^ Wheeler.— Exteu.sive and reliable dealers in all kinds of Imported .and American Hardware. They keep a full line of goods in their handsome store in the Iron Front Building. (See page 172.) G-. "W, Brooks.— Manufactures on a large scale all kinds of Tin Ware and deals bv wholesale and retail in llanges, Stoves, China, Lamps, Earthen Ware, Glass and Tin Ware, aud keeps a large aud varied stock of goods which .are guaranteed to give satisfac- tion as to quality and price. (See page 172.) SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. The Uciversity School, W. Gokdox McCabe, Head Master.— This famous Hchoul was founded in I8t;5, and has been in feuccesi-ful operation for the past twenty years. During that time it hns prepared and seat up to the -University of Vir- giuia,"to' Princeton. West Point, Annapolis, Boston Institute of Technology, Stevens' Scientitic Institute, Columbia'Sohool ot Mines aud other institutions of high grade, a great number of students, whose uniform success testifies tu the excellence ot the instruc- tiou given at this School, which is. however, maiuly desigaed as prepinitory to the Uni- versity of Vir^'inia, from the Faculty of wliica Mr. McC loe has received the highest tes- timonia's. I'ue Head Master takes into his h-m-ie a limited nuuher of bxirders. His house, aud the adjoining cjtt(,'es bade for ihi p;i,»ils. u ue all modern i aproveinents. Beginning m 1865, with only s;?veLiteeu p ipils, the; Scuool uas now upon its roll over oae hundrtd aud tweuty-tive, representing eleven States, from New York tu Tt-xas. The 236 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL moi-al touo of the School is something iiniqne, and the students tbeinsi^lves wouK,, lot allow a boy to remain after he had been foiiud guilty of falsehood or other dishouo!; tie conduct. The viorale is controlled, in great measure, l)y the elder pupils, wboui'^^'r. MeCab3 has drawn closely to him, as Dr. Arnold, of liugby, did "the Sixth," %id through their influence finds it easy to maintain a high standard of truth and 'aoucr- (Seepage 173.) St- Paul's resnale School. —J. G. Geiswold, Principal.— The advantages pre- sented in this institution under the present management, are sonjewhat exceptional- The School was originally established by Bishop wiugheld, the liector of St. Pt\urs Church, and under his control was strictly a Church School. Some twelve years ago the Institution, with all its appurtenances and privileges, passed into the hands of Prof. J. G. Griswold, who at once wrought many radical changes, not the least of which was the discirdiug of the religious bias of the School. Under its present management it has proved an eminent success, and has established for itself an enviable reputation. Prof. Griswokl, who graduated as A. M., completed his education in Europe and subsequently filled the Chair of Modern Languages at the University of San Cristobol, Havana, Cuba, and, later, held a like Professorship at the University of Alabama. (See page 174..) The ITjliversity of Virginia.— it is generally admitted that this Insti- tntion rinks among the very first seats of learning in the country, and sends out as fin- ished scholars iu the various branches of Literature, Science and the Professicus of Law and Medicine, as any of the Northern Universities. Special attention is given to instruction iu the more j^ractical schools of Engineering and Agricixlture, while no charge is made for the tuition of those candid ites for the minjstiy who are unable to meet the expense. The session begins on October lot and closes on the Thursday before July 4th in each year. (See page 17'±.) The IMEedical Colleg'e of Virginia.— For nearly half a ceutiiiy this institu- tion has been the honored exponent of the Medical Science and the Healing Art for Vir- ginia, and, to a great extent, for the other Southern States. Its Professors' Chairs are tilled by men of great learning iu their profession, who are also all actively engaged iu its practice. It has also an able corps in its Adjui^cc Faculty, comi)osed of active younger men, who render valuable service to the studeuts in the thorougu drilling of their daily examinations and supplementary lectures. The College afloids the best opportuni- ties for medical education, and sends out men who at once assume prominence iu the able and intelligent practice of their chosen Science — men of whom Virginia and her sister States are justly proud. That the College not only holds its ancient high standing iu public esteem and confidence, but is also rapidly acquiring increased popularity, is shown by the attendance of students, whose numbers have been tripled within the last three j'ears. The Catalogue can be had on application to Dr. M. L. James, Dean of the Paculty. (See page 175.) Planters' Hypothecation %Varekouse.— A substantial brick structure 75x 200 feet iu size, situated on Second Street, in the rear of the Bollingbrook Hotel and in close Droximity to the passenger and freight Depots of the Norfolk & Western and Rich- mond & Petersburg Eailroads, with enormous storage capacity. It is ttsed for storing Tobacco, Peanuts, Grain or any other kind of Produce or Merchandise, at most rtason- able charges and with an absolute guarantee of safety and freedom from damage. Drays, liUtuber Wagons and Carts are kept for hire, and Wood, Hay, Provender and Mill Feed for sale. For years past Mr. L. W. Dugger has been the efficient manager of this im- portant business. He is now the sole lessee. (See page 176.) DRUGS, PAINTS AND OILS. Joseph Carr. — A well-known wholesale and retail dealer in Drugs, Patent Medi- cines, Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Glass and other commodities of a like nature. Mr. Carr is Vice-President of the Bank of Petersburg. (See page 176.) ^Vm. £S> French — One of the most experienced, enterprising and reliable busi- ness men in Petersburg. A verv large dealer in Drugs, Chemicals, Spices, Tobacco and Cigars, by wholesale and retail. Manufacturer of '• French's Superior Cologne" and *'Fi-ench's Virginia Tonic Bitters," which have gained for him a most enviable reputa- tion throughout the South. (See page 177.) ZS. R. Beckwith — For twenty years a careful student of Pharmacy and a large dealer iu Medicines, Chemicals, Spices, Soaps, Toilet Articles, etc. He has established liiiuself tiriuly in the confidence of the public, and is known thiough the whole Conti iient as the jnoprietor of Beckwitii's Anti-Dyspeptic Pills, made from the original recipe GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, \A. 237 of Mp grauclfather, Dr. Jobu Bsckwitb. These Pills hive been working miracles on be- H'-'^f suffering bumauity for over seventy-five years, and Dyspeptics everywhere should f y^ '-hem ii fair trial. (See page 178.) Wm. r. SpotSWOOd.— One of Petersburg's mos' highly esteemed citizens. He is an apothecary of rare ability, and has built up a large and steady trade. (See page 179 ) 'WOfi. H. Camp.— The wholesale trade established by this gentleman extends all ovet Central Virginia and North Carolina, and is still spreading in every direction, while his retail business in the City is also very large. His store is well stocked with every variety of goods usually kept in tirst-class Drug Stores. (See page 179.) C. Ii. '^Vfijht.— lu spite of the lamentable fact that this gentleman declines to advertise in this volume— see his announcement to that effect on page 179— it is only fair and propsr to state that he is an energetic and conscientious practical drugc;ist, who has secured au excellent tride through his own ability and the excellent quality of his goods. He makes a specialty of Garden and Truck-farm Seeds, and is sole manufacturer of Dr. Hartman's Aromatic Odonto and Pearl Tooth Powder. G-30. C, Starke, AX. D.— One of the oldest and most generally trusted Drug- gists in the City. His handsome new store, 37 Sycamore Street, contains a complete assortment of Drugs, Medicines, Chemicals, Perfumery, Toilet Ai-ticles. etc., and the greatest care and skill are employed in the preparation of prescriptions. (See page 179.) .■R. ^XT. Thompson.— Dealer in pure and reliable Drugs. Medicines, Paints, Oils, Glass and Putty, Fancy and Toilet Articles, Tobacco, Cigars etc.. and proprietor of the famous Carbolated Dentaliue, one of the most delicious and refreshing preparations for the mouth and teeth ever discovered. (See page 179.) Valentine's Utteat Juica V/orks. —Richmond, Va. (See page 180.) Dr. D' Armstadt's Anti-Dyspeptic Drops.— (See page 181.) Dunlop dL ZMIcCance, Richmond, Va.— The large flour mills owned and operated by this firm have recently been thoroughly equipped with the most perfect ma- chinery for manufacturing by the KoUer Process — a vast improvement upon the old burr-stone method — and they now offer the trade the very best flour that can be had. Their many famous brands, of which the " Dunlop Patent Family" is their specialty, are all made of carefully-selected wheat, and can be highly recommended. They are very popular with the domestic trade and are exported largely to Brazil and other South American markets. The business was established in 1853. (See page 182.) INSURANCE. Petersburg Savinjs and Insurance Co.— (See pages 154, 185 and 232.) Carter ILi Bishop. — Represents the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, of Hart- ford, Conn. (See page 185.) Cuthbert & Sons. — Represent The Royal Insurance Co., of Liverpool, Eug.: The London & Lancashire, of Liverpool, Eug.; The Northern, of London; The Fire In- surance Association, of Loudon; The Hamburg & Bremen, of Hamburg, Ger.: The Phe- nix, of Brooklyn: The Conuecucut, of Hartford, Conn., and the Westchester, of New York. (See page 185.) Benjamin Harrison. — Represents the following Fire Insurance Companies, namely : The North British and Mercantile, of London; The Home and New York, of New York; The Norwich Union, of Norwich, Eng., and The Lion, of Loudon. Jones & Stevens. — Represent the following Companies: Fire: — The Niagara, of New York; The Williamsburg City, of New York; The Queen, of Liverpool: The Ljudon Insurance Corporation, of London ; The Scottish Union and National, of Edin- burgh ; The Portsmouth, of Portsmouth, Va. Marine : —The Pheuix, of Brooklyu. Life : — The Equitable Life Insurance Society, of New York ; The Accident Instirance Com- pany of North America, of New York. (See page 185.) J.. Zidnrard IMLoyler =ausnea with a mere livmg .forward with confidence ti L l^on^SS^ ::^^:SJS^^^^'^!^;:^ baffv^r^jait'^^^^iiSTrb^rv^K'^rr" ')'' r^r^^^^'" *°^- - -^-'^^ Tpt?. hi 7^.^''°'''''^^' *^^ "EeHable," for no one who IhbJf 1 n '^"'"Pl^^" °f ^ bad bargain. He is the only ered '' perfrctior"^;;"t7m.X muJ ^^f "''f '^ ^^-ti^'^e^ ^^ ^^^ discov- Clothing, Dry Goods H.^anbX'sF 'f^ ^r''\ ^' ^^^^^ deals in ready-made -g, ind'ustriol.s'TcfhoS^birbn , " ^-T !? /,"? ^^.°^'v. "^^ - ^^^^^ ^be mo,J push- -g, industrious and honorable bus^^^ mlSrinhf Si^^^^^^n^llV GUIDE T(D PETERSBURG, VA. 239 •Thomas R. Wloore.— For nearly tifteen years this gentleman has been succesa- fulh en^x-td i^the wholesale and retail Hat and Cap Trade, and mvns one of the lar- gest arSfiest-stocked establishments of its kind in the South. Mr. Moore is ""'ver^ ly feSected as a conscientious and accommodating dealer, and his prices are uniformly fotr His business relations in the wholesale department cover a large section o this State and North Carolina, while he also commands a large retail trade in the ty and neighborhood He makes a specialty of Ladies' and Misses' Cloaks, of which he keeps a large and select assortment in the latest styles. (See page 1J2.) Harrison 6l Co.— This long-established and well-known firm keeps a full line of Keady-ma?e Clothing of all qualities and prices, for men and boys^ Also a complete Ssoitmennf Men's Furnishing Goods. Under Clothing, Neck-wear, Handkercliiefs Col- Srs Cuffs e c , and is generally considered one of the cheapest, best and most reliable houses" n Virginia. Incleed " Harrison's on the Corner," enjoys a reputation far beyond thelimitsof this State. (See page 193.) T^• • >. H T IWiller 6l Co., Richmond, Va.— Proprietors of the famous ;' Dixie Sh?t"and"" ™e'' Drawers Factory, on Main Street, corner of Ninth. There >« ^ardly a cUvvUlageo hamlet in Virginia or North Carolina in which these articles of -Miller^ makl'" are not to be found, and they invariably give complete satisfaction The firm employs none but experienced cutters, and their --^^-^T, which is of the most ap- proved kind, is operated by thoroughly skilled hands. (See page 194.) ^ A Simon. Richmond, Va.-Successor to Salomonsky & Co. and a merchant .Tai-. lor of conskl^^ble skill. He has many customers in Petersburg whom he visits twice a moiithwithafuUlineof samples. (See page 19o.) . -o . 1 XKT E Butcher «St Co.-The leading firm of Merchant Tailors in Petersburg. Itlf composed of MessifwTm^m E. Butcher and James M. Quicke, both ot whom are widewTnd favorably kno^n in all the surrounding counties, a^^V^i^i^'. 1 'f nf^ ThPh fine store on slcamore Street, near Washington, contains a splendid stock of cloth of ^11 p^Utei^s and tLeir journeymen are kept busy all the year round making suits for cityandcountry customers. (See page 195.) . n^u W/.nh IXTalkpr & Co.— An agency of the well-known Baltimore house of Cloth- ierfand Me^.?nt ?ailS^s of °he samelame. The Petersburg establishment is under he . manSement of Messrs. Alex. F. Short and J. Geo. Wilkinson, Agents. (See page 195.) FUENITURE. W Tiff Habliston & Co.— Carrv an immense stock of Furniture of every des^intion ecmluiiDg in quantity and variety that of any similar establishment in the South They ; thi?s enabled to ofier superior inducements to customers, and it is ad- milted geneSuy that they can duplicate any order, large or small, at as low pnce« as any mher house\n the country. The business was founded in 878 and has grown and flour- ished since that date almost beyond precedent, (See page IJb.) Garv & Co.-Occupv a handsome three-story brick store on the corner of Syca- ^ ex, vu. 1 carefully-selected and valuable stock of trmtutSn\,'GS^Va;:' Plated Ware, Lamps and other varieties of House Fur- nishing Goods, which they offer at very low prices. (See page 197.) I. Herring-.-A substantial and highly respectecl merchant and m.annfacturer, la. Xl.errj.iig. articles as Wood ware. Backets. T\ibs, Crockery, Kich- ^!£:^^^^^^ etc., of the very best quality, which are ofiered at most relnabfe tigures. Mr. Herring also manufactui;es Brooms, Brushes, \Vbisks and Tinware, all of Superior workmanship. (See page 1 J/.) ,. , , . Kind's SoUthside "Dye Works.-Mr. King has been engaged m the busi- ^^n?pim?aud St" m Cleaning since 1857, in which year the hrst-class premium ness "^^-Jfiug and Steam uie^^^^^ awarded to him by the Baltimore Mechanics' lustitute. Str? ;;l ^dkn^peH^c^'h^UaVmade great P-|-s in |;i« -t. and guarantees every- thing he does to be first-class in every respect. (See page 19/.) TamPS T MorriSS.-Establ shed in 1858, and has therefore had twenty-seven James X- awAuwiao TT^aertaker He keeps constantly on hand a fane selec- Sro;S;\X"aM N?^ "cSs\'^^ plL, cloth-co-vered and ornamental, tion of ^^etii ic auu > „,ticies pertaining to his business. He gives prompt at- S;fon ';::f:^'^^^^V^^ and guarantees satisfaction to all Ms patrons. (See page _ ^^ Photographic Art in all its branches and details. Owns tw^weU-ewS galleries on Sycamore Street, and executes all kinds of Photo- 24° HISTORICAL AXD INDUSTRIAL graphic work iu the latest styles. Many of the best eugraviugs shown ou the foregoing pages were copied from photographs taken by him for this volume. (See page 19'J._) BOOKS, STATIONERY, PIANOS ETC. T- S- Beckwith & Co. — Of all the retail establishments of any kind, existing in Petersburg, the one now vinder review is perhaps by far the most important, as it exercises the most wide-spread influence for good in the community. It was founded nearly twenty years ago, and has been a successful business enterprise from its birth. The store was enlarged about two years ago by the addition of a large, lofty and well- lighted room, which is used as an Art Gallery and Music Hall. It also contains the 3,000 Books and Magazines of Beckwith'g Circiilating Library, which is an unspeakable boon to the City. The Arm deals largely in Pianos and Organs from the most famous factories in the country, Book and Sheet Music, public and private School Books, Fancy Goods, Stationeiy and all other articles belonging to a lirst class Stationery Store, in great profu- sion and endless variety. Mr. T. S. Beckwith is also the head of the Book and Station- ery hou^ of Beckwith and Parham, m Richmond. (See page 200.) 'Win- la- Zimmer & Co. — This flourishing firm not only transacts a large and ever-growing business in all its many departments, but also sets a splendid example of spirited enterprise. It has also held a front place among dealers, and has within the last three years, branched out into an important industrial and manufacturing establishment. From a simple but first-class retail Book and Stationery Store, it has rapidly developed into into one of the most complete Printing and Book-binding, Engraving and Blank Book and Stationery Manufactui ing houses in the South. The firm are also Jobbers and retail dealers in School and Miscellaneous Books, and are Agents for several of the best makes cf Pianos and Organs in America. Their Wood Engraving Department stands alone iu Virginia. It produced several of the Engravings shown in this volume. Blank Books are made to order on sliort notice and in best style, and the same may be said of their Book Binding, a sample of which is at this moment before the reader. They make specialties of Tobacco work, such as Machine-cut Tags, Strips and Labels. Their jn-ices are very moderate and they guarantee everything they sell to be as represented, or they refund the money. (See page 201.) Charles 3MI- StiefT Baltimoee, Md.— The "Stiefl"" Pianos have earned a reputa- ttou as wide as the Un ted States, and are everywhere endorsed by professors, teachers and musical connois-seurs, for their tone, workmanship and durability. At the Paris Exposition of 1878 they obtained the highest honors. x\lr. Stiefl' is also wholesale agent for several leading Organs. He sells Pianos and Organs ou easy instalments, take3 Pianos in exchange, and keeps a large assortment of second-hand instruments on hand. (See pages 202 and 203.) I*. B- Pug"h & Co. — Agents for all Periodicals at publishers' prices. Also News- dealers, Stationers and dealers iu Picture Frames and Fancy Goods, the best brands of Cigars, Tobacco, Snufl" and Pipes. A most trustworthy house which has earned public confidence and esteem. (See page 204.) VTebster's Unabridged Dictionary.— It would seem presumptuous in a work like this to do more than mention with the utmost difiidence a book of such magnitude, influence and universal information as Webster's Dictionary. Suffice it, therefore, to say- that no student or educated person can aftord to be -without it. It is handled exclusively by its publishers, Messrs. G. & C. Merriam & Co., Springfield, Mass., and their agents. vSee page 20-1.) J. XX- Chataigne, Richmond, Va.— Not only as sources of invaluable iufoimatiou to the merchant, manufacturer and even professional man, but also as unequalled adver- tising mediums, Chataigne's Directories are almost indispensable. He publishes sepa- rate Directories for the States of Virginia and Noith Carolina, and the cities of Rich- mond, Petersburg, Norfolk and Alexandiia, and the line of the Chesapeake and Ohio railway. (See page 201.) CARRIAGES, HARNESS, &G. T- P- Jolinson & Co.— The senior member and mnnagirg paituer iu this firm has had fifteen years' expeiieuce in practical harness making, the last ten of which have been passed iu Petersburg. The house manufactures and deals iu all kinds of Harness, Sad- dies. Bridles, and Horse Furnishing Goods, and guarantees satistaction as to both quali- ty and price. (See page 205.) p. 3^. Steward.— In 1868 this gentleman succeeded his father, who had estab- lished the business twenty years previously. It is therefore one of the oldest, as it ig also one of the most reliable and highly e.stcemed, business houses in Petersburg. Mr. GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. 24r Stewiiid deals exteusively iu Carriages, Phaetons, Eockaways, Buggies aud olber kinds of vehicles, which may be iusjiected at his commodious repository aud show rooms. No. 13 Bollingbrook Street. Kis Harness Manufactory aud sale rooms are at 52 Sycamore Street, where he manufactures all descriptions of Harness, Saddles, Bridles, &c., of dif- ferent styles and qualities, aud keeps a fine and selected stock of Eobes, Blankets, Whips, Spurs and all other articles of a like nature. (See page 20G.) "Wm. ZZ. XZarrison> — Manufactures all kinds of Harness and has secured a large town aud coiintry trade through his personal popularity aud the flue quality of his goods. He is also a large dealer in Carriages, Buggies and Wagons. His extensive Harness fac- tory and Carriage repository are at No. 'J Bank Street. (See pag3 207.) BAGS AND BAGGING. Carter R. Bishop 6L Co. — This industrious and enterprising firm was founded" in 1S.S2, and supplies a want lon'r felt iu this section. By importing direct, through the New York agents, they are enabled to purchase their burlaps at the most favorable figures, and to manufacture and deliver their Bags at any point iu Virginia or the South at as low prices as are paid for the s'^me goods in Philadelphia or Baltimore, thus saving to the consumer the cost of freight aud handling, They make aud print all kiuds of Pea- nut, Grain. Flour and Fertilizer Biigs, of all qualities and sizes, according to the par- chaser's instructions. (See page 308.) MISCELL.\NEOUS TRADES AND TRADESMEN. Seward 6L Bffunt.— These gentlemen own aud operate the "Eagle" Flour and. Coru Mills, and the adjoiuiu,' "Enterprise" Trunk Factory, at Campbell's Bridge, and, are doing an extensive business in both branches of industry. Their specialties at the mill are Corn Meal and Pearl Hominy, which are of excellent quality aud in great de- mand. At the factory they manufacture all kinds of Trunks, Valises, Satchels, Straps, &c., and have succeeded iu establishing almost a monopoly for their goods throughout the sections lying to the South, East and West of Petersburg. The business was estab- lished iu 1870 aud is now a most prosperous concern. Mr. Simon Sewiu'd, the senior member of the firm, represents tne Fourth Ward iu the City Council. (See page 210.) Charles IVE. V^alsh.— Proprietor of the "Cockade Marble Works," which have been iu successful oi^eration since their establishment in 18G5. Mr. Walsh manufactures Monuments. Headstones. Tablets, Crosses, Tombstones, &c., of every description, and is a complete master of his art. Hundreds of testimonials to his skill may be seen in Blaudford Cemetery and iu tlie rural graveyards for many miles around, as well as at his works on South Sj'cauiore Street. That his work gives perfect satisfaction in design, workmanship aud price is evidenced by the fact that he entirely monopolises this indus- try in Petersburg and challenges the world to compete with him. (See page 211.) J. C. TVool.— Iu 1876 succeeded the firm of A. B. Demarest & Co. who established the " Old Dominion Planing Mill " five years previously. He manufactures aud deals iu all kinds of Uoors, Sash, Blinds. Mouldings. Brackets, Newels, Ballusters, Stair Rails, Rough and Dressed Lumber aud all kinds of Buildiug Material and Builders' Hardware. Dressing, Kiln-Drying aud Scroll Sawing promptly executed and all styles of Window Frames and Mantle Pieces made to order. He makes a specialty of Manufacturing Boxes and guarantees satisfaction to all his customers. Mr. Wool mostly uses the timber of native growth, believing it to be better adapted by nature to the peculiarities of the cli- mate than that grown at a distaut point and under different climatic influences could pos- sibly be. This theory has been amply justified by experience, aud has the great addi- tional advantage of enabling Mr. Wool to patronise "home industry," while at the same time securing the most durable material and thus conferring additional benefit upon his customers. (See page 212.) Ca Cx. Taylor. — " The China Palace," of which Mr. Taylor is the proprietor, is one of tbe show-places of Petersburg. It is situated on Sycamore Street, a few doors above the Iron Fr jnt Building, and contains a profusion of the most elegant articles in China, Glass, Qaeensware, Silver Plated Ware, Table Cutlery, Tea Trays, Looking Glasses and other kindred articles of foreign aud domestic manufacture ever gathered together under oue roof iu this city. The goods are undoubtedly first-class aud the prices compete with the largest markets. Everybody should visit the " China Palace," and inspect its treasurer. (See page 213.) Toha A. X^allory. — An experienced aud successful Florist, who began business fourteen years a^o with c^uly oue small greeuhouse. Industry, perseverance, integrity and skill in this case bore iheir legitimate fruit, and five years ago Mr. Mallory removed to his present premises on Bulliugbrojk, Fourth aud Lombird streets, occupying a whole 242 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL. square now .ilniost covered with glass, tastefully laid out, and altogether one of the most perfect and beautiful places of its kind in Virginia. Mr. Mallory deals in Cut Flowers, Bouqiiets and Funeral Designs, which can always be furnished at short notice. Also Greenhouse and Bedding Plants of the choicest kinds and at lowest prices. (See page 214:.) Wm D. Foythress. — Florist ; established in 1876. Has five well stocked green- houses and will shortlj' build a new one — 80x18 feet — -to accomodate his increasing trade. Keeps every sort of Flower worth cultivating and deals in all varieties of Green- house and Bedding Plants. Execiites all kinds of Cut Flower Work, Bouquets. Floral Designs for D( coratious and Funerals, and supplies Flowers for parties and banquets at short notice. Gives prompt attention to all orders by mail or telegraph, and guarantees satisfaction. (See page 215.) J. "NLm ^Vhitehursta — The largest manufacturer of Mattresses — Hair, Shuck and Cotton Top — in the city. Also wholesale and retail dealer in Wall Paper, Window Shades, Oil Cloths, Mattings, Rugs, Door Mats, Lace Curtains, Upholsterers' Supplies, Cornices, Picture Frame Mouldings and other commodities of a like nature. He has been engaged in this line of business in Petersburg for nearly thirty-five years and has won the respect and confidence of all with whom he has had dealings. (See page 215.) J. Y57. IToUQg'. — Succeeded J. T. Young & Bro., of which firm he was the junior member, in 1884, and now offers great bargains in Jewelry, Gold and Silver Watches, Diamonds, Clocks and Silver Ware. Makes Si^ectacles and Eye-Glasses a specialty. Re- pairs Watches and Jewelry in the best style, and executes all orders with guaranteed sat- isfaction. His stock is the largest and best selected in the city. (See page 216.) ILm D> XZarding. — A practical and skilltul Watchmaker and Jeweler, and dealer in Clocks, Watches, Gold and Silver Ware and all kinds of Jewelry. Gives special atten- tion to Cleaning and Repairing, and makes Wedding and Gift Rings to order. He war- rants all his work, charges very moderately and is thoroughly reliable in all respects. (See page 216.) C. r. Ziauterback. — Has been engaged in the Watchmaking and Jewelry busi- ness in Petersburg for the past fourteen years, the first five ot which, from 1871 to 1876, were passed under the careful training of the late E. Richter. Deals in Watches, Clocks, Fine Jewelry and Silver- Ware, and executes Repairs at short notice. (See page 217.) Da Buchanan. — A practical Watchmaker and manufacturing Goldsmith and Jew- eler, formerly of Glasgow, Scotland. He is about to remove to Richmond, where his address will be No. Ill Broad street. During the residue of his stay here he offers great bargains in all kinds of Jewelry, Watches, Clocks, Silver Ware, &c. (See page 217.) James Smith & Son.— The Soap Factory of this firm on Pine Street was estab- lished mure than forty years ago, and has a capacity of about 275,000 pounds a year. Their principal brands are "No. 1," "Family," "Olive," "Southside," "Palm," and "New." Their trade is principally local, though a good deal of their product is ship- ped to distant points through our merchants. The junior partner, Mr. Hugh R. Smith, represents the Fourth Ward in the City Council. (See page 217.) «r> Ba Brady. — Gas and Steam Fitter and Mechanical Plumber, who has been es- tablished in biisiuess here for over a quarter of a century. His work gives universal satisfaction. Keeps a large stock of Pipes and other Fixtures with which to supply the trade. (See page 217.) Stone «& S'riend. — Proprietors of one of the oldest and best arranged Sale, Live- ry and Hiring Stables in the city, having been established in 1867. Keep a fine assort- ment of Hacks, Buggies and Saddle Horses, and furnish excellent accommodation for drovers. (See page 217. G-eO. A- nttZ. — For the past ten years engaged in the Livery business and keeps a first-class Livery, Sale and Exchange Stable at 18 B.iuk Street. Is prompt and reliable aud lifis built up a good trade. (See page 217.) tJ. Z). Bowie. — Deals very extensively in Fish, Oysters, Game and Country Pro- duce, and fills orders promptly and satisfactorily. (See page 218.) IL, 3m IVXann. — An energetic and' trustworthy Practical Upholsterer and Paper- Hanoer. Executes Plain or Decorative Work in good style at short notice. (Seepage 318.) LUMBER, WOOD AND COAL. Cooper &. SpotSWOOda— Stand at the head of the Lumber Trade in Petersbiirg, and aie numbered among the most useful, honorable and reliable of her representative busiiit-s men. They own and operate extensive saw mills on the lines of the Norfolk and Vv'e.-,ttrn and the Seaboard railroads, and occupy the spacious yard on Washington GUIDE TO PETERSBURG, VA. ^ 243 auA Their trausac- ■Street, opoosite Watsou & McGiU's tobacco factory, iu this city as the receiving distributing point for the enormous quantities of lumber they handle. Their tra Sns in this important product extend all over the country, and they have been largely instrumental in establishing Petersburg's commercial relations with distant markets. They make a specialty of Tobacco Box Lumber, which forms a very considerable item of consumption iu Virginia and the Carolinas. (See page -18.) »Iarks 6L Friend.— Among our largest dealers in Hay, Grain, Coal, Lime, Ce- menf PlSerTxnd Lumber. As General Commission and Shipping Merchants they have established themselves firmly in public confidence during the P^?f. f.^^^^X^^.^.^' ^^j;- ing been always found prompt and reliable. They cut Lumber Bills to order and manu- facture Agricultural Lime in large quantities, thus contributing to the mdustnal as well as to the commercial prosperity of the city. (See page 21U.) J YST" rhilliPS.— Manufactures Bricks of the best quality and deals largely in w'd^oa^ Lumber, Railroad Ties. Hoop Poles. &c. Has recently enclosed siuc.oiis yards at the Canal Basin, head of High Street, supplied with every facility fo^" transact, iug an immense business. Orders can be transmitted tbrough telephone, or bj mail, and will always receive prompt attention. (See page 210.) Wm J Chappell.-An experienced and skillful Builder and Contractor who euammees satS?oa ia all the work he undertakes. By industry, capacity and fadehty fXStereSfof his patrons, he has seci^^^^^ in the city and neighborhood. (See page 219.) Johnl.. HobSOn. -Deals in all grades of Hard and Soft Coal and makes the famovrCm^b'^laSfco^l a specialty. Orders for car loads or smaller quantities will be ijromptly filled at the lowest market prices. (See page 22U.J Wm B. Wichols.-Isgenerallv regarded as one of Petersburg's most energetic, ^^o.f^:^^n.^"^i^^y m.l-chants; wh'ose courtesy and -^^^^^^^^J^^^ tir,„«1inve built nil a flouri^hug trade m all kinds ot Coal— Anthiacite, bpiim, liiigui. CeandSteirCoa^ He attends promptly to all orders, and guarantees the very lowest market prices. (See page 220.) r-onro-pV Scott dt Son. -General Commission and Shipping Merchiuts and de^eSSo^ an^l ToJd^^h^'ey ship principally to t^ Northern n..j^^^^^^ among the largest contributors to the shipping interests of the cit^ (bee page^.u.) Harrison 6l Barksdale-Deal in all kimls of Lumber, Laths. Posts. Wood and oth^-^siS"commoS, and fill all ordei-s at lowest figures. They are perfectly reh- ble and have secured an excellent trade, (bee page 220.) . w /, ^ ^v.«.« T '«««o-*.r