D 1 aass_iJ_iii Rnok ßs Al CONFIDENTIAL FOB OFFICIAL USE ONLY TEXTS OF THE UKRAINE "PEACE" WITH MAPS ' WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1918 CONFIDENTIAL FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY TEXTS OF THE UKRAINE "PEACE" WITH MAPS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1918 li^'^ TABLE OF CONTENTS, Map of Ukraine Republic. (Faces p. 5.) Page. 1. Ukraine: Proclamation of Ukrainian People's Republic. (Third "Uni- versal " of the Ukrainian Central Rada.) 20 November, 1917 5 English text as published in Current History, ifarch, 1918, p. 428. 2. Ukraine — Central Powers: Treaty of Peace. Signed at Brest-Litovsk, 9 February, 1918 9 German text as published in the Deutscher Reichsanzeitjcr, 10 Febniarj-, 1918, evening edition, with translation, and map. 3. Ukraine — Central Powers: Note to the Treaty of Peace between Uki-aine and the Centra,! Po',vers. Signed at Brest-Litovsk, 9 Febru- ary, 1918 23 German text from ReicHtagsdrucksache, No. 1293, with translation. 4. Ukraine — Central Powers: Alleged Secret Clauses in the Treaty of Peace 25 English text from the State Department Weekly Reports, Russia, No. 11, 20 June, 1918. 5. Ukraine — Central Powers: Protocol regarding the interpretation of Article 2, Clause 2, of the Treaty of Peace between Ukraine and the Central Powers. Signed at Brest-Litovsk, 4 March, 1918 27 German text as published in the Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 16 March, 1918, with translation. 6. Ukraine — Gerraany: Legal-Political Treaty, Supplementary to the Treaty of Peace between Ukraine and the Central Powers. Signed at Brest-Litovsk, 9 February, 1918 29 German text as published in the Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 11 February, 1918, evening edition, with translation. 7. Germany: Chancellor von Hertling's Letter Transmitting to the Reichs- tag the Treaties with Ukraine, 19 February, 1918 47 German text as published in Rcichstagsdrucksachc, No. 1293, with translation. 8. Germany: Memorandum to the Treaty of Peace and the German- Ukrainian Supplementary Treaty. Submitted to the Reichstag by the German Chancellor, 19 February, 1918 49 German text as published in Rcichstagsdrucksache, No. 1293, with translation. 9. Germany: Annex to the memorandum on the Treaty of Peace between Ukraine and the Central Powers and on the Supplementary Treaty be- tween Ukraine and Germany. Submitted to the Reichstag by the German Chancellor, 19 February, 1918 87 German text as published in Reichstagsdrucksache, No. 1293, with translation. 10. Ukraine — Germany: Notification regarding Germany's ratification of the Peace Treaty and the Supplementary Treaty, 27 July, 1918 123 German text as published in the Reichsgesetzblatt, No. 107, 1918, with translation. 11. Ukraine— Austria-Hungary: Legal - Political Treaty, Supplementary to the Treaty of Peace between Ukraine and the Central Powers. With Annex. Signed at Brest-Litovsk, 12 February, 1918 125 German text as published in Die Zeit, 15 March, 1918, morning edition, with translation. 12. Ukraine — Austria-Hungary: Alleged secret agreement for protection of Ukrainians in Austria '. 141 German text as published in the Neve Freie Presse, 7 July, 1918, morning edition, with translation. 3 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. 13. Ukraine — Germany, Austria-Hungary: Grain and Oil-Seeds Agree- ment. Signed at Kief, 9 April, 1918 143 German summary as published in the Deutscher Reichsanzeiger, U April, 1918, with translation. 14. Ukraine — -Germany, Austria-Hungary: Economic Agreement. Signed at Kief, 23 April, 1918 145 German summary as published in the Neue Freie Presse, 27 April, 1918, evening edition, with translation. 15. Ukraine — Russia: Armistice between the Ukrainians under German Command and the Russians. Signed at Korenevo, 4 May, 1918 151 English te.xt as published in the (British) Daily Review of the Foreign Press, 9 May, 1918, p. 70. 16. Ukraine — Germany, Austria-Hungary: Financial Treaty. Signed at Kief, 15 May, 1918 153 German summary as published in the Neue Freie Presse, 17 May, 1918, morning edition, with translation. 17. Ukraine — Russia: Armistice. — Signed at Kief, 12 June, 1918 155 English summary from the State Department Weekly Reports, Russia, No. 14, 19 July, 1918. 18. Ukraine — Germany, Austria-Hungary: Economic Agreement. Signed at Kief, 10 September, 1918 '. 157 English summary as published in the (British) Daily Review of the Foreign Press, Economic Supplement, 29 October, 1918, p. 406. 19. Memorandum: Territory of the Ukraine Republic. By Allen C. Semple under the direction of Mark Jefferson 159 c o 1. UKRAINE. UNIVERSAL OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL COUNCIL, 20 NOVEMBER, 1917. [Text as published in Current Historv-, March 1918, p. 428, purporting to he a trans lationjrom the Nova Rada, 21 November, 1917.] Ukrainian people and :ill peoples of the Ukraine! An hour of trials and diificulties has come for the land of the Russian Republic. In the north in the capitals (Petrograd and Mos- cow) a bloody internecine struggle is in progress. A Central Gov- ernment no longer exists, and anarchy, disorder, and ruin are spread- ing throughout the State. Our country also is in danger. Without a strong, united and pop- ular Government, Ukrainia also may fall into the abyss of civil war, slaughter, and destruction. People of Ukrainia, you, together with the brother peoples of Ukrainia, have intrusted us with the task of protecting rights won by struggle, of creating order and of building up a new life in our land. And we, the Ukrainian Central Rada, by your will, for the sake of creating order in our country and for the sake of saving the whole of Russia, announce that henceforth Ukrainia becomes the Ukrainian National Republic. Without separating from the Rus- sian Republic, and preserving its unity, we take up our stand firmly on our lands that with our strength we may lielp the whole of Rus- sia, and that the whole Russian Republic may become a federation of free and equal peoples. Until the Ukiainian Constituent AssembK meets, the whole power of creating older in our lands, of issuing laws, and of ruling belongs to us, the Ukrainian Central Rada, and to our Government — the General Secretariat of Ukrainia. Having strength and power in our native land, we shall defend the rights of the revolution, not onl\ in our own lands, but in all Russia as well. Therefore we announce: To the territory of the National Ukrainian Republic belong the lands where the majoiity of the population is Ukrainian: Kiev, Podolia, Volhynia, Tchernigov, Poltava, Kharkov, Yekaterinoslav, Kherson, Tauris (without the Crimea). The further delimitation of the frontiers of the Ukrainian National Republic, viz., the addition of part of Kursk, Kholm, Voronez, and the neigh- boring provinces and districts, where the majority of the population is Ukrainian, is to be settled according to the organized wishes of the peoples. 6 THE UKRAINE '' PEACE,'' To all the citizens of these lands we announce: Henceforth in the territory of the Ukrainian National Republic the existing rights of ownersliip to the lands of large proprietors and other lands not worked By the owners which are fit for farming, and also to lands belonging to the royal family, to monasteries, to the Crown and to the Church, are ahoUshed. Recognizing that these lands are the property of the whole working people, and must pass to the people without compensation, the Ukrainian Central Rada instructs the General Secretary for Land Questions to work out immediately a law for the administration of these lands by Land Committees, chosen by the people, until the meeting of the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly. The labor c[ue3tion in the LTkrainian National Republic must immediately bo regulated. For the present we announce: In the territory of the National Ukrainian Republic henceforth an eight hours' day is ordained in the factories and workshops. The hour of trial and danger which all Russia and our LTkrainia is now experiencing necessitates the proper regulation of labor, and a fair distribution of food supplies and a better organization of work. Therefore, we instruct tko General Se^rotaiy for Labor, together with representatives of labor, to establish from today State control over production in ITcrainia, respecting the interests both of Lkrainia and also the whole of Russia. For four years on the front blood has been shed, and the strength of all the peoples of the world has been wasting away. By the wishes and in the name of the Ukrainian Republic we, the LTkrainian Central Rada, firmly insist on the establishment of peace as soon as possible. For this end we make resolute efforts to compel, through the Central Government, both allies and enemies to enter immediately upon peace negotiations. Likewise we shall insist that at the Peace Congress the rights of the Ukrainian people in Russia and outside Russia shall not be infringed in the treaty of peace. But until peace comes, every citizen of the Republic of Ukrainia, together with the citizens of all the peoples of the Russian Republic, must stand firmly in their positions Iwth at the front and in the rear. Recently the shining conquests of the revolution have been clouded by the reestablishment of the death penalty. We announce: Henceforth in the lands of the Republic of Ukrainia the death penalty is abolished. To all who are imprisoned and arrested for political offenses hitherto committed, as well as those already con- demned or awaiting sentence, and also those who have not yet been tried, full amnesty is given. A law will immediately be passed to this effect. The courts in LTkrainia must be just and in accordance with the spirit of the people. With this aim we order the General Secretary for Judicial Affairs to make every attempt to establish justice and to execute it according to rules understood by the people. We instruct the General Secretary for Internal Affairs as follows: To make every effort to strengthen and extend the rights of local self-government, which shall be the organs of the highest local admin- istrative authority, and until the establishment of tlie closest connec- tion with the organs of revolutionary democracy, which are to be the THIRD UKRAINIAN UNIVERSAL. 7 best foundation of a free democratic life. Also in the Ukrainian National Republic all the liberties won by the Russian revolution are to be guaranteed, namely, freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, of assembly, of union, of strikes, of inviolability of person and of habitation, the right and the possibility of using local dialects in deal- ing with all authorities. The Ukrainian people, which has fought for many years for its national freedom and now has won it, will firmly protect the freedom of national development of all nationalities existing in Ukrainia. Therefore, we announce that to the Great Russian, Jewish, Polish, and other peoples of Ukrainia we recognize national personal au- tonomy for the security of their rio;hts and freedom of self-govern- ment in c[uestions of their national life, and we instruct our General Secretary for Nationality Questions to draw up in the near future a measure for national personal autonomy. The food question is the foundation of the power of the State at this difficult and responsible moment. The Ukrainian National Re- public must make every efi^ort to save itself both at the front and in those parts of the Russian Republic which need our help. Citizens I In the name of the National Ukrainian Republic in fed- eral Russia, we, the Ukrainian Central Rada, call upon all to struggle resolutely with all forms of anarchy and disorder, and to help in the great work of building up new State forms, which will give the great and powerful Russian Republic health, strength, and a new future The working out of these forms must be carried out at the Ukrainian and all-Russian Constituent Assemblies. The date for the election of the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly is fixed for 9 Januarv, 1918, and the date for its summoning 22 Janu- ary, 1918. A law will be immediately published regulating the supimoning of the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly. 2. UKRAINE— CENTRAL POWERS. THE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE CENTRAL POWERS/ SIGNED AT BREST-LITOVSK, 9 FEB- RUARY, 1918. [German text as published in the Deutscher Reichsanzeiger, 10 Fcbniary, 1918, even- ing edition.] Ta bnii ufrainild)c i^olf [idi im ?au[e be^5 ficgcinnnrtiticn ^ilscltfriegeö alö imaonäncjig erfutri inib bcii @un[cl) aiiögebrücft l)at, jinifitcn ber ufrai« nifdicn Ssolf^republif unb ben nut 9iufelanb im .f ricg bcfinblicten 9)läd)tcn hm ivrieben<^ju[tanb {icriiiftcllcn, Ijabcn bie Siegicnnigcn T^eutfdilanb^, Oe[ter= reidi4Ingarnc*, 5öulgarienö unb ber 2;ürfci befdiIo[[cn, mit ber 5)iegicrung ber ufrainifdieu 3>oIfdrepubIif einen griebcii'öticrtrag ju oereinbaren; fie rooKen bamit hen erften '2d)ritt tun ;,n einem bauerlio.ften unb [ür aüe 2:cile e{)rcnooICen 333cltfriebeu, ber nidit nur ben Sd)reifniffen be^3 Xl'riege^ ein (Snbc fe^en, fonbern and} jur 333iebcrhcr=^ flellung ber freunbfd)aftlid]eu !öc5icbuu= gen stnifdien ben 5>ö(fcrn nuf politic fdiem, reiitl'idiem, nnrtfdiaftlidicm unb geifligem @ebiete flUjrcn fod. 8u biefem S^^^^ l^^^h bie S3et>o((= mnditigtcn ber üorbe;,eid)netcn i^iegie= rungcn, nämüd) für bie 5?niferlid) beutfdie 9icgie= rung: ber ©taat^fefretär beö ?Iug- iüärtigen 5lmtg, .f aiferlidier 533irf(id)er @ef)eimer 9xQt 6perr 9iid)arb Hon l?üf)(maun, für bie ,^. u. .fi\ gemeinfame öfterreid)ifdi=ungarifd)c ^kgierung: ber 9[^Zinifter beö ^aiferlid) uub J^^öuig= [Translation.] Whereas the Ukrainian People has, in the course of the present world war, declared its independ- ence, and has expressed the desire to establish a state of peace be- tween the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Powers at pres- ent at war with Russia, the Gov- ernments of Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey have resolved to conclude a Treaty of Peace with the Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic; they wish in this way to take the first step towards a lasting world peace, honorable for all parties, which shall not only put an end to the horrors of the war, but shall also conduce to the res- toration of friendly relations be- tween the peoples in the political, legal, economic, and intellectual spheres. To this end the Plenipotentia- ries of the above-mentioned Gov- ernments, viz: Fol" the Imperial German Gov- ernment: Imperial Actual Privy Councillor Richard von Kühl- mann, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs ; For the Imperial and Royal Joint Austro-Hungarian Govern- ment: His Imperial and Royal 1 Ratifications exchanged between Bulgaria and Ukraine, 15 July, 1918, at Vienna, (Deutscher Seichs» anzeigcr, 17, July, 1918); between Germany and Ulsraine, 24 July, 1918, at Vienna, (Neue Freie Presse, 25 July, 1918, morning edition): between Turkey and Ukraine, 23 August, 1918, (Daily Review of the Foreign Press. 27 August, 1918, p. 192). 9 10 THE UKRAINE PEACE. Iid)en >S3aiife^ uub beö ?lcufeern, ©einer Ä. u/t. ?(po|toüld)en "iO^aieftiü ®e- f)eimer 9int, Cttofar @rnf Sjernin tton imb ju ß()ubiütv für bic .^öniiiltd) buft^arifdic ^")iegie= rimfl: ber S)tiiüftcrpräfibent i^err ®r. 3BafftI 9iaboflaUioff, ber Wcfaubte ^3err 5Inbren 2;ofd)eff, ber Ökfnubte i^err 3öan i3tot)aiuuntd), ber 9}iiUtärbetion* mtiditigte öerr Ober ft ^]3eter Want= fdieut, .*perr rr. 2;f)eobor Jliiaftaffoff, für blc .^aiferlid) Oömanifdie ^icgic^ rung: Seine «*öof)eit ber OH-oJ3tr»efir -Talnat ''l^afdia, ber 5L)(*inifter bcö ?leu= ^ern ?(l)inet 9?effinü 33cl), ^Seine .*poficit 3'brabim ipaffi 'I'afdin, ber C>^cneral ber ^laliaKeric ?(l)nict 3;,^,et ^^nifdia, für bic Dtcgierung ber ufrainifdien !iN0lf^5repubIif : bie 9}citg(ieber ber ufrainifdien Bcntralraba .Sperr ?Ucran= ber efcinriiuf, ^!Serr !i)Jci)fola ^'iubi)n= fifi)i unb vSperr Mtitola Vemptfifiij, Sur Einleitung Hon (Vrieben<5tKr!)anb(un= gen in ^^reft^Vitomff sufannnengctreten unb bfiben fid) nadi i^orlnge ihrer in guter unb gebi:iriger i^orm bcfnnbencn IsoU- nmditen über fotgcnbe 53eftiminnngen geeinigt: 3lrtifel I. ■Deutfditanb, Oefterrcid) * Ungarn, 53ulgarien unb bic Jürfei eincrfcits^ unb bie ufrainifdie i^olförepublif an= bererfeitö erflären, bafj ber ,Üriegö= 3uftanb ,',nnfd)en ibncn bcenbct ift. S)ie t)ertragfd](icfeenben ^].Hirteicn finb entfd)Ioffcn, mit einanber fortan in ^•rieben unb 5rcunbfd)aft ^u (eben. ?lrtifel II. 1.) B^uifdien Oeftcrreld) = Ungarn einerfeitö unb ber ufrainifdien 5>o(fö= republif anbercrfeitö merben, infomcit biefe beiben ^JJitdjten an einanber gren',en merben, jene ©renken beftcbcn, n3e(d)e oor ?(u'ür ben (vaff, ha\i bie ufraiiüfd)e S^olf^rcpublif nod) mit einer onberen ber 9)cäd)te be^ istcrbunbe^ gemctnfamc Wren;cn haben foHte, incrbcn I)icriibcr bcfonbere i^ereinbanmgen öorbc()aIten. ^Trtifel III. Sie !:}iäumung ber befel^ten ©ebietc Jüirb unöcrjügtid) nad) ber Siatififation bc'8 gegemnärtigen JriebenöHertrage^J beginnen. T)k ?(rt ber 1Durd}fübnmg ber 9iäumung unb bie Uebergabe ber ge=^ räumten (>"iebicte merben bnrdi 53eüo((= mäditigtc ber intereffterten ^^'eile be= ftimmt lücrbcu. 3(rtifel IV. X)ie biöIomatifd)en unb fonfu(a= rifd)en 'i^esiei)ungcn ',nnfd)en ben öer= tragfdiUeßenbcn Jeifen lücrben fofort uadi ber l?)iatififation beö }vi'icben§t>er-= traget anfgenomntcn luerben. _JÖegen mögtidift u^eitgebenbcr ,8h= laffnng ber beiberfeitigen .ftonfnln bici* ben bcfonbere ikreinbarungen liorbe= I)alten. StrtifelV. 12 THE UKEAINE PEACE. ®rf)äbcn, bic ihnen nnb if)rcn Jlnge^ £)i3rigcn in ben .rfrieg^gcbictcn burc^ militärifdic 5l)faünafnnen mit (Sin= fd)Iufe aller in Jcinbccitanb Dorgenom^ menen Oxeqnifitionen cntftanbcn finb. Slrtifel VI. X^ic bcibcrl'cttigcn .^hiegeigetangenen n)erbcn in il)rc .Speimnt ent(a[fen lüer= ben, foipcit fie nidit mit 3u[tim= mnng bcö ?Ui[enf)n(t^ftaateö in feinen (Jkbietcn ju bleiben ober fid) in ein nnbereö Öanb jn begeben ft)ünfd)en. "Die Siegelung bcr biermit jufammen-- bängeuben ivrogcn erfolgt burdi bie in 5lrtifc( VIII oorgefebenen (Sin^eloer^ träge. 5lrtifel VII. lieber bte unrtfdiaftüdien 53e5ies bnngcn smifdien bcn licrtragfd)Uc= fecnbcn teilen unrb folgcnbeö lierein= baft: I. Die oertragfdificf^enben ^cile ticr= pf(id)ten fid) gegenseitig, nnoer^üglid) bie nnrtfd)aftUd)en 53esic()ungen an.i^u^ fnüpfen unb bcn !j\>arenauStaufd) anf @runb fülgcnbcr 33eftimmungen ju organifieren: ^iö snm 31. 3nli beei laufcnben 3al)re*3 ift ber gcgenfeitige '^(uötanfd) bcr llcberfdnif^e bcr nnditigftcn !anb= mirtfcbaftlidicn unb inbnftriellcn '^vo' buftc ,5ur IDcifnng ber (anfenben iöe- bürfniffe nad) l)taf5gabe ber foIgen= bcn 33eftimmungcn burd)^n[ül)ren: a. bie iDccngcn nnb bic ^(rt bcr '^l^ro- bufte, bcrcn "^Inötaufd) im öorbcrge= benbcn ^(bfatj norgcfcbcn ift, nicrben auf jcbcr Seite burd) eine Alommiffion fcftgcftcKt, bie auv? einer gleidien ^(n^^abl t>on S)titgUcbern bclbcr Seiten bcftcbt unb fofort nad) Uutcr^cidnmng bcci i\-ricbcn^iiertrageö snfammcutritt. b. bie ^^reife bcr ^^^robuftc beim crn}äbutcn Ülsarenauötaufd) mcrbcu auf (>3rnub gegenfettiger ^Vereinbarung burd) eine .H'ommiffiou fcftgcftcdt, bic anö ber glcicbcn .^aiji öou ä)citgliebern bcr beibcn Seiten bcftcbt. is to say, damages sustained by them and their nationals in tho war areas through mihtary meas- ures, including all requisitions- made in enemy territory. Article VI. Prisoners of war of l)oth parties shall be released to their home- land in so far as they do not de- sire, with the approval of the State in whose territory they shall be, to remain within its territories or to proceed to another country. Questions connected with this will be dealt with in the separate treaties provided for in Article VIII. Article VII. It has been agreed as follows with regard to economic relations between the contracting parties: The contracting parties mu- tually undertake to enter into economic relations without delay and to organise the exchange of goods on the basis of the following stipulations: Until 31 July of the current year a reciprocal exchange of the surjdus of their more important agricultural and industrial ]^rod- ucts, for the purpose of meeting current requirements, is to be effected according to the following provisions : {a.) The quantities and classes of products to be exchanged in accordance with the preceding paragraph shall be settled on both sides liy a commission composed of an equal number of represent- atives of both parties, which shall sit immediately after the Treaty of Peace has been signed. (b.) The prices of products to be exchanged as specified above shall bo regulated on the basis of mutual agreement by a commis- sion composed of an equal number of representatives of both parties. TEEATY OF PEACE WITH CENTRAL POWEES. 13 c. bie 93eiTerf)mir!g erfolgt in ®oIb aii'i folgenber 33a[tS: 1000 bcutfd^e 9?eicf)ömarf in ®oIb ber ufrainijdfien 93olf§rcpubIi! = 462 9hibel Csbib beö friU)cren ruffifcfien .^aifciTeici)^ (1 9?u6oI = -iV SmpcrinO ober 1000 ö[ter= reidnfcfie unb ungari[d)e Ä'roncn @oIb = 393 .f?nrbort)nnicc 76 grofrf) @oIb ber ufrainifrfien 5>o{fÄrcpubIif = 393 9?ubel 78 topcfcn @oIb be5 friil)eren niffifc^en Itaifcrreirf)« (1 Diubcl = -^ imperial) . d. ber 5IuStait[dj ber SBaren, bie burd) bie in 2(bfai? a oorgefcfiene •fi cnimiffion feftgeflellt ircrbcn, erfolgt burd) bie [taatlid)en ,3c'^tral[icncn ober burd) Pom ©taate fontroltierte g^ntral^ [teilen. S^er 3tuötau[d) jener ^13robuEte, n)eld}e burd) bie oben üorgcfeknen ^om= miffionen nid)t feftgeflellt merben, er= fofgt im SSege be§ freien 3>erfef)r§ unter ben 23ebingungen beö proPi- forifd)en ^anbeföpertrage^, ber in ber folgcnbcn Buffer II Porgefel^en ift. II. ©ortieit nidit in S^ikv I anberca Por- gefcben ift, foden ben lüirtfd)QftIid)en ^e3ief)ungcn jtoifdien ben Pertrag= fd)Iicfeenben STeilcn proPiforifd) bi^ jum JIbfd)Iuf5 eineö enbgültigen .^nnbelö= Pertrag^, iebenfalfö aber biö .^um Hblauf Pon minbeftenf^ fcd)^^ 9}tonaten nad) 3lbfd)lu^ bei^ g-rieben-? stiiifd)en ^Teutfd)- lanb, Cefterreidi^Ungarn, 5^ulgarien unb ber STürtei einerfeitö unb ben gurjeit mit if)nen im JTriegc befinb^ Iid}en europQifd)en ©tanten, ben 9?erei= nigten Staaten Pon Slmerifa unb Sapnn anbererfeit«^ folgenbe 5^eftimmungeu ju ©rnnbe gelegt werben: rSüi bie lüirtfd)aftlid)en 33esiet)ungen glrifdien bem 1)eutfc^en 9ieid)e unb ber 85700—18 2 (c.) Calculations shall be made in gold on the foUowdng basis: 1,000 German Imperial gold Marks shall be equivalent to 462 gold Roubles of the former Rus- sian Empire (1 Rouble = 315 Im- perial), or 1,000 Austrian and Hungarian gold Kronen shall be equivalent to 393 Karbowanjec 76 Grosh gold of the Uio-ainian People's Republic, or to 393 Roubles 78 Copecks in gold of the former Russian Empire (1 Rouble = jij imperial). (d.) The exchange of the goods to be determined by the commis- sion mentioned under (a) shall take place through the existing Government central ofhces or through central offices controlled by tlie Government. The exchange of such products as are not determined by the above - mentioned commissions shall be effected on a basis of free trading, arranged for in accord- ance with the conditions of the provisional commercial treaty, which is provided for in the fol- lowing Section II. II. In so far as is not otherwise pro- vided for under Section I hereof, economic relations between the contracting parties shall be car- ried on provisionally in accord- ance witii the stipulations speci- fied below until the conclusion of the final Commercial Treaty, but in any event until a period of at least six months shall have elapsed after the conclusion of geace between Germany, Austria- [ungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey on the one hand, and the Euro- pean States at present at war with them, the United States of America and Japan on the other hand: A. For economic relations between the German Empire and the 14 THE UKEAINE PEACE. ufrainiidjcu 33o(förcpubUf bieicuigcn 55crcmbnruugcn, bic in bcu nad)= ftedenbcn ^eftimmuiiöen beö bcutf(f)= rufftjdjcii §anbcl^3- uub ^d)iffaf}rtö= öertrnc3cö öon 1894/1904 nieberöelegt [tub, lutniUd): Slrtifcl i-6, 7 cmfd)acfe(id) bcu Tarife "a" iinb "b," 8-10, 12, 13-19 ferner in beti öeflininiuntjen im 5d)Iufe^ protofolt erfter STeil, su Strtifel 1 3Ib= [alj 1 uub 3, ju Strtifel 1 uub 12 Slbfatj 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, ^u Slrtifel 3, SU nvükl 5 2Ibfat^ 1 uub 2, su Strtifel 5, 6, 7, 9 uub 10, SU SIrtifcl 6, 7 uub 11, SU Slrtifel 6-9, su Strtifel 6 uub 7, SU SlrtifelJL2 Stbfalj 1, 2, 3, 5, feruer iu beul ^d)lufeprotofüIt, liierter Jeil, bie§§3, 6,7, 12, 126, 13, 14, 15,16, 17, 18 (mit il5orbel)alt ber cutfpred)eu= hcn Steuberuug ber iöetjörbeuürgauifa^ tiüueu), 19, 20, 21, 23. Snbei bc[tef)t (Siuberftäubui^S über [oltjeube '']3uufte: 1.) :r'er atlt3cmeiue ruffifdie 3otl= tari[ üom 13./20. Sauuar 1903 bleibt aufred)tcrt)alten. 2.) Ser Strtifel 5 erl)ält [otgcube „'Die üertraö[d)ltef3cubeu 2:eile t)crp[lid)ten fid), bcu gegcufeitigcu ^Cerfebr burd) f einerlei (Siuful)!'-, ?tu^?ful)r= ober 'Durd)fuI)rt>crbote su bemmcu uub bie freie "Durd)ful)r su geftattcu. „Stu§ual)meu fiub uur für foldie (Srseuguiffe suläffig, ineldic auf bem (^kbiete eiueö ber Vertrag fd)Iiefeeubeu Steile bcu ©egcuftaub eiueö ®taat§= mouopote bilbeu ober bilbeu luerbcu, foiüie aud) für gciinp'e (Jrjcuguiffe, für bie auö' 9iüc!fid)teu auf bic ('>kfuubl)eit, bie 53cteriuärpolisci uub bie öffeutlid)e ®id)crl)eit ober au5 aubereu fd)iüerlDiegeubcu politifdicu Uki'ainiau People's Republic, the conditions laid down in the fol- lowing provisions of the Germano- Russian Commercial and Mari- time Treaty of 1894/1904/ that is to say: Articles 1-6 and 7 (including Tariffs "a" and "b"), 8-10, 12, 13-19; f mother, among the stipu- hitions of the final Protocol (Part I), paragraphs 1 and 3 of adden- dum to Ai'ticle 1 ; paragraphs 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 of addenda to Articles 1 and 12; addendum to Article 3; paragraphs 1 and 2 of adden- dum to Article 5; addenda to Articles 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10; addenda to Articles 6, 7, and 11; to Articles 6-9; to Ai'ticles 6 and 7; paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 5 of adden- dum to Article 1 2 ; further, in the final Protocol (Part IV), §§ 3, 6, 7, 12, 12&, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 (with the reservations required by the corresponding alteration in official organizations), 19, 20, 21, and 23. An agreement has been arrived at upon the following points: 1. Tlie General Russian Cus- toms Tariff of 13/26 January, 1903,^ sliaU continue in force. 2. Article 5 sliall read as fol- lows : "The contracting parties bind themselves not to hinder reciprocal trade by any kind of import, export, or transit pro- hibitions, and to allow free transit. "Exceptions may only be made in the case of products which are actually, or which may become, a State monopoly in the territory of one of the contracting parties ; as well as in the case of certain products for which exceptional prohibitory measures mi^ht be issued, in view of health conditions, vet_ erinary police, and public safe_ ty, or on other important po_ 1 86 Britisli and Foreign State Papers, pp. 442, 449, 4S2; 97 British and Foreign State Papers, p. 1040; se infra, pp. 87 fl. 2 New General Customs Tariffs for the European Frontiers of Russia, British Parliamentary Papers, (,1913) Cd. 1525. TREATY OF PEACE WITH CENTRAL POWERS. 15 imb tüirtfd)aftlid}eu ©riinben aufecr^ orbentIid)c 53erbotöma^ regeln uv<' befoiibere ini 3ii[i"ii^n^'^t^f)Qii9 ^^^^t ber nuf ben Äriecj folgenben Uebcr== gauQci',eit erge!)en fönnten." 3.) Ä'eln 3:eil tnirb bie iöegiln[ti= Qungen in 3tnfprud) nef)mcn, lüeldic ber anbere Jeil irgenb einem anberen ©taate an[ ©runb einer befteljcnbcn ober fünftigen SoKcinigung, lüie fie ?i. S. 5rt)ifd)cn bem Tentfdicn ^lieidie unb bent ©roßfier^ogtum Sujxmburg be[tef)t ober im fleinen @ren3ücrfebr big ju einer ©renj^one Hon 15 km 33reite gemät)rt ober gcmäljren tnirb. 4.) 5(rtifel 10 erbält folgenbe Jafeung: „T^ie ^nren nHer 5(rt, mctdie burc^ ba§ ©efaiet eined ber liciben Jeile bnrdigc[üf)rt inerben, folfen rt)ed)[elfeitig Hon jebcr T-nrdigang^S- abgabe frei fein, fei eg, bafe fie unmitteUinr burd)gefid)rt werben, fei e§, baf^ fie n}ä[)renb ber 'Dnrd}^ fuf)r abgelaben, eingelagert nnb njieber anfgelnben merben," 5). %n ® telle be« ?lrtifcfö 12 a fofl folgenbe 53eftimmung treten: „a. v<5infid)tlitf) beö gcgenfeitiocn ©djuijeö be« Hrl)cberred)t« an S^vcr- fen ber Literatur, .^nnft nnb '!}3J)oto= grap^ie fotlen im S5erbnItniS ^rci- fd)eii T)entfd)Ianb nnb ber ufrainifd^cn ii5olfgrepnbIif bie 53eftimmungen be? Siüifdien bent S)eutfd)en Sieidie nnb ?7?u^Ianb gefd)(offenen S?ertrage« Dom 28. gebrnar 1913 gelten. „b. .nnfte: 1.) Ter allgemeine rnffifdic Sott^ tarif nom 13./26. Januar 1903 bleibt aufred)terl)alten. 2.) ?lrtifel 4 erbält folgenbe gaffung: „T>k tiertragfd)tiefsenben breite l)er= pfliditen fid), ben gegenfeitigen S?er= est possible support in the mat- ter of railway tariffs, more es- pecially by the establishment of through rates. To this end both contracting parties are ready to enter into negotiations with one another at the earliest possible moment." 7. § 5 of Part 4 of the final Protocol shall read as follows : " It has been mutually agreed that the customs-houses of both countries shall remain open on every day throughout the year, with the exception of Sundays and legal holidays. B. ''For economic relations be- tween Austria-Hungary and the Ukrainian People's Republic, the agreements shall be valid which are set forth in the fol- lowing provisions of the Austro- Hungarian — Russian Commer- cial and Maritime Treaty of 15 February, 1906, ^ being Arti- cles 1,2, and 5 (including Tar- iffs 'a' and 'b'); Aiiicles 6, 7, 9-13; Ai'ticle 14, Paragraphs 2 and 3; Ai-ticles 15-24; further, in the provisions of the final Protocol, paragraphs 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 of addenda to Articles 1 and 12; addenda to i\j"ticle 2; to Articles 2, 3, and 5; to Arti- cles 2 and 5; to Ai'ticles 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8; to Ai-ticles 2, 5, 6, and 7; to Ai-ticle 17, and likewise to Paragraphs 1 and 3, Article 22." An agreement has been arrived at upon the following points : 1. The general Russian Cus- toms Tariff of 13/26 January 1903," shall remain in force. 2. Ai'ticle 4 shall read as fol- lows : "The contracting parties bind themselves not to hinder reciprocal trade between their 1 99 British and Foreign State Papers, p. 599. » New General Customs Tariffs for the European Frontiers of Russia, British Parliamentary Papers, {190S) Cd. 15S5. TEEATY OF PEACE WITH CENTRAL POWERS. 17 td)v stnifdien i{)ren ©cbieteu bunf) fei= nerici (gin[ul)r=^, 9Ui8fu{)r'- ober 3)urd)= fii^röerbote ju binbcrii. 3luönaf)mcn {)ieröon bürfcn nur [tattfinbcu: „a. 33ci "tahat, ©a(,;, ©cfiief^pitlöcr ober [onfttgen iSDpreugftoffcu [olüic bei anberen SIrtifeln, li)cM)e [tWdU in bcn ö'ebtcten cine^3 bcr lier= trag^3[diliefeenben Steile ben C>3cgen^ ftanb eines ©taatßmonopoB bilben; „b. in 53esie()unQ auf .triegö= bebürfniife unber au^erorbentUc^en Umftanben; „c. aus 9iücffic()ten bcr öffent= liiijm 2ic^ert)eit, aus ©efnubtieitS- iinb 33eterinärpoIiseirürff td)ten ; „d. bei gelDiffen (Srjeugniffen, für bie aus anberen [diuterlüiegejiben poIitifrf}en unb nnrt[d}aftlidien Örün- ben au^erorbentUdie ^erbotSmafe^ regeln, inSbefonbere im 3u[am= meni)ang mit ber auf ben Äricg folgenben UebergangSgett ergeben Eönnlen." 3.) Hein 2;eil Unrb bie 33egiinfti= gungen in Slnfprud) netimen, n3eld}e bcr nnbere Jeil irgenb einem anberen ©taate auf ®runb einer be[tef)cnben ober fünftigen -BoHeinigung, raie fie j. ^. jmifdien Cefterreid)4Ingarn unb bem Jürftentum ?ied)tcnftcin bcftcbt, ober im fleinen ©renjuerfcrir bis ju einer ' ©reuisone öon 15 km 53reite gen)ät)rt ober gett)ät)ren nürb. 4.) Sirtifcl 8 evtjält folgenbe ^offurtg: „Sie SBaren aller 5lrt, n3elc^e burd) bie ©ebiete eines bcr öertragfd)Iie' ^mbm 3rei(e burd)gefüf)rt mcrbcn, foKen tüedifelfeitig öon ieber S)urd)= fu{)rabgabe frei fein, fei eS, baf? fie unmittelbar burdigefül)rt Serben, fei eS, baß fie Uxlfirenb ber T)urd}fuf)r abgclaben, eingelagert unb Uncber aufgelabcn Serben." 5.) T)k iöefttmmung beS ®d)(ufe= protofoUs SU 2Irtifet 21 erhält folgenbe Raffung: territories by any kind of im- port, export, or transit prohi- bition. The only permissible exceptions shall be: "(a.) In the case of tobacco, salt, gunpowder, or any other kind of explosives, and likewise in the case of other articles which may at any time consti- tute a State monopoly in the territories of either of the con- tracting parties; "(h.) With respect to war supplies in exceptional circum- stances ; "(c.) For reasons of public safety, public health, and veter- inary police ; "(J.) In the case of certain products for which, on other im- portant political and economic grounds, exceptional prohibi- tor}^ measures might be issued, especially in connection with the transition period following the war." 3. Neither party shall lay claim to the preferential treat- ment which the other party has granted or shall grant to any other State arising out of a present or future Customs Union (as, for instance, the one in force between Austria-Hungary and the Prin- cipality of Liechtenstein), or aris- ing in connection with petty frontier intercourse, extending to a boundary zone not exceeding 15 kilometers in width. 4. Article 8 shall read as fol- lows : "There shall be reciprocal freedom from all transit dues for goods of all kinds con- veyed through the territory of either of the contracting par- ties, whether conveyed direct or unloaded, stored, and re- loaded during transit." 5. The provision of the final Protocol to Article 21 shall read as follows : 18 THE UKRAINE PEACE.' „S)ic t)ertragfd)Uefeenbeu 3rei(e )uerben einnnber im (Sifenbabntarif^ luefcn, inöbcfonbcre bunt (Srfüninu3 btrcfter STarife, tunlid))'t unterftütjeu. ,8u biefcm S'^^^^'^ fi'^b bcibe Dertrag^ Htlicfeenbcn Xc'ik bereit, möglidift bnib in 53er{)aribluugeii mit ein anbcr 511 treten." C. iföaö bie iüirtfrf)aftlirf)cn 33e5ie^ t)ungen sn)ifd)en 53ulgaricn unb ber ufrainifcben 33oIf'?re^ubfif betrifft, fo foffen fid) bicfe In^ ^um 5lbfd)(ufi eineö befinitiüen ^tanbelööertrage? nnd» . bem 9icd)te ber meiftbegiinftigten Station regeln, .^'ein Xeii unrb bie S3egiinftigungen in ?(nfprud) ne()men, rDcfd)e ber nnberc 3lei( irgenb einem anbercn ®taate auf @rnnb einer ht- ftef)enbcn ober fünftigen .ooUeinignng ober im fleinen ©renjüerfebr bi^3 ju einer ©rens^one öon 15 .Kilometern ßclt)äf)rt ober gett)ät)ren nnrb. D. 2"Ön6 bie lnirtfd}nftlid)en 5ive,5iet)ungcn gn)ifd)cn bem 06manifd)en i'licidic unb ber nfrainifdien S?oIfr\'f^ foT The period of validity of the ovisional stipulations ( under Section II hereof) TEEATY OF PEACE WITH CENTRAL POWERS. 19 trirtfc^aftlirfien 33e5ieöunöeu sUn[d)en ®cut[c{)Ianb, Oeflerreidi^lngam, iöur= garicn unb beni Oömnni[d)en 9ieid)c einerfeit^ iiub bcr ufrninifdien 5?oIf^= repitbltf aiibererfeitg ö or gefe {jenen proln^ fortfdien 5^e[timmungen fann inx bet= berfettigen Ginlicrftänbni'? ber ''13nrtcten öeriangert merben. 3Senn bie im erften 3(bfat5 bcr 3iÜcf II öorgefe()cnen Termine nid)t Dor bem 30. 3uni 1919 eintreten folften, ftc{)t eS jcbem ber beiben Dcrtragöfdiliefeenben 2^ei(e frei, bie in ber oben genannten differ enthaltenen iöeftimmungen öom 30. 3i^rii 1919 an fedi^monatüd) jn fünbigen. IV. a. T^ie nfrainifdie !i^o(förcpub{if tuirb feinen 3ln[prndi erbeben auf bie 5,^c= gihiftigungcn, tueldie ©cntfdA(anb an Oe[tcrreic^4Ingani ober an ein anbereS mit it)m burdi ein ,8olfbiinbniö tier= bunbeneS ?anb, bac>. an Xieut[d]Ianb unmittelbar ober bnrd) ein anbere? mit i{)m ober Oe[terreid)=Ungarn jo(lüer= bünbcteö ?anb mittelbar angrenzt, ober nield;e S^euifdilanb feinen eigenen Kolonien, auSluärtigen ^^efitjungen. nnb ©d}uljgebieten ober benen ber mit il)m godoerbünbeten ?änber gemäbrt. 5)eutfd){anb ir>trb feinen ?lnfprudi erfjcben auf bie S:^egünfüßungen, meldie bie ufrainifd^e 5>o!förepiibIif an ein anbcreS mit ibr burd) ein ,3oU= bünbni§ t>erbunbenee( ?anb, ha^ an bie Ufraine unmittelbar ober burd) ein aubere^> mit if)r ',onr.erbünbete^ 2anb mittelbar angrenzt, ober ben .Kolonien, auiSrt)ärtigen 93efi^unöen unb (£dmt3* gebieten eine^? ber mit ibr joK'oer^ bünbeten ?änber getüübrt. b. 3m U-iirffdiaftüdien "iserfcbr git)ifdien bem 53ertrag^joUgcfnet ber beiben ©taaten ber öfterreid)ifd)= ungarifdicn ?}?onardüe eincrfeitö unb bcr ufrainifd)en S^olförepubüf anberer= economic relations between Ger- many, Austria-Hungary, Bul- garia, and the Ottoman Empire on the one hand, and the Ukrain- ian People's Republic on the other hand, may be prolonged by mutual agreement. In the event of the periods spec- ified in the first paragraph of Sec- tion II not occurring before 30 June, 1919, each of the two con- tracting parties shall be entitled, as from 30 June, 1919, to denounce within six months the provisions contained in the above-mentioned section. IV. (a.) The Ukrainian People's Republic shall make no claim to the preferential treatment which Germany grants to Austria-Hun- gary or to any other country bound to hor by a Customs Union and directh' bordering on Ger- man}', or bordering indirectly through another country bound to her or to Austria-Hungary by a Customs Union, or to the pre- ferential treatment which Ger- many grants to her own colonies, foreign possessions, and protec- torates, or to countries bound to her by a Customs Union. Germany shall make no claim to the preferential treatment which the Ukrainian People's Republic grants to any other country bound to her by a Cus- toms Union and bordering di- rectly on the Ukraine, or border- ing indirectly thereon through any other country bound to her by a Customs Union, or to colo- nies, foreign possessions, and pro- tectorates of one of the countries bound to her by a Customs Union. (h.) In economic intercourse between territory covered by the Customs Convention of both States of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy on the one hand, and the Ukrainian People's Republic 20 THE UKEAINE PEACE. [eitö Unrb bic ufrainlfci)c ^l^olfsrepublif feinen ?(uiprucf) erbeben nuf bie SSeöünftlßungen, \mld)t Cc[terreid)= Ungam an 'X)eutfd)(anb ober an ein anbcreö mit ibm bnrd) ein Soßi'üi^'^niö üerbnnbencö Vanb cjeluitfirt, baö an Oe[ierreid)-Unöarn nnmittclbar ober bnrd) ein anbercö mit if)m ober 2)eutfd)Ianb soffuerbünbete^ ?anb mittelbar angrenzt. ,ft'olonien, au^3= hJärtigc 53e[ii5nngen nnb (£d)utjgebiete lücrben in biefer i8e3ic{)ung bem 9}Jnttcr{anbc gleidjgeftellt. Oefter^ reid)=Ungarn Uiirb feinen 5(nfprnd) er^^ ^eben anf bie 53egiin[tigunöen, trield)c bie nfrainifd)e l^olförepnblif an ein anbereö mit if)r bnrd) ein .BoIIbünbniö berbnnbene^? ?anb, ba^3 an bie Ufraine nnmitteibar ober bnrdi ein anbcrcö mit ibr joltnerbünbcte^ ?anb mittel^ bar angrenzt, ober bcn .ft'olonien, an-i-- niärtigcn 33e|*{t3nngen nnb ©djutjge^ bieten eineö ber mit ibr joKuerbünbeten ?änber geniä(3rt. V. a. oonieit in neutralen Staaten scharen lagern, nield)e au<< Tcutfdilanb ober ber llfraine [tammcn, bie aber mit ber ^^erpfüdituug belegt finb, ba\^ fic ircber nnmitteibar nodi mittelbar nad) bei! (L'>^ebieten bev5 anbcren t)er= tragfd)lie§cnbcn ^Teilc^ an^3gefiil)rt fmerbcn biivfen, foflen berartige !i^er= ,ügnng^?befd)ränhingen im ii'erbältniö n ben nertragfdiUc^enbcn Steilen oufgcl)obcn Serben. Tie beiben oer^ tragfd)licf5enbc Jeile Oerpfliditen [idi baber, hen Üiegierungcn ber nentralen «Staaten non ber oorernuibuten ^Inflje^ bnng biefer "i^erfügnngcibcfdiränfung nnttersuglid) .^f'enntniö sn geben. b. ©on^eit in neutralen Staaten Sparen lagern, nieldje anö Oefterreid)^ Ungarn ober ber Ufraine flammen, bie aber mit ber il^erpfliditnng belegt finb, ha^ fie irebcr nnmitteibar nod) mittelbar nadi bcn (Gebieten beö on the other hand, the Ukrainian People's Republic shall make no claim to the preferential treat- ment which Austria-Hungary grants to Germany or to any other country bound to her by a Customs Union and directly bor- dering on Austria-Hungary, or bordering indirectly thereon through another country which is bound to her or to Germany by a Customs Union. Colonies, for- eign possessions, and protecto- rates shall in this respect be placed on the same footing as the mother country. Austria-Hun- gary shall make no claim to the preferential treatment which the Ukrainian People's Republic gi'ants to any other country bound to her by a Customs Union and directly bordering on the Ukraine, or bordering indi- rectly thereon .through another countr,v bound to her by a Cus- toms Union, or to colonies, for- eign possessions, and protecto- rates of one of the countries bound to her by a Customs Union. (a.) In so far as goods originat- ing in Germany or the Ukraine are stored in neutral States, with the proviso that they shall not be exported, either directly or indi- rectly, to the territories of the other contracting party, such re- strictions regarding their disposal shall be abolished so far as the contracting parties are concerned. The two contracting parties there- fore undertake immediately to notify the Governments of the neutral States of the above-men- tioned abolition of this restriction. (b.) In so far äs goods originat- ing in Austria-Hungary or the Ukraine are stored in neutral States, with the proviso that they shall not be exported, either di- rectly or indirectly, to the terri- TBEATY OF PEACE WITH CENTKAL POWERS. 21 onberen ttertragfdiliefeenben 'Xdk^ au'göcfübrt tnerbcn. bilrfcii, foden ber= artige ^crfügungöbefcl)ränfungeii im S3erf)ältniö gu bcu öertrogfdjIieBenben Steilen aufgehoben Uicrben. IDie beiben öertragfdiiie^eiiben ^Tcite bcrp[lid)ten ftd) baf)er, ben üicglerungen bcr neutralen Staaten öon bcr liorermät)n= ten ?Iufbebung bie[er Sserfügungöbe^ fdiränfung unüer^üglid) Äenntni^? ju geben. 2(rtifel VIII. T)k ^crftellung bcr öffentlidien unb prinatcn ^icditj^bc^icbungcn, ber 3(u!?tau[d) bcr .^riegefgefangencn unb ber 3i>-'ifnitcrnierten, bte 2(mneftie= frage fotnic bic (vragc ber 33e]^anblung bcr in bic (^'Cinalt bcö @egncr^3 geratenen ^anbe{{^fd)iffe, irerbcn in (Sin;eltier= trägen mit ber ufrainifdien ^olU' republif geregelt, ineldie einen )t)efentlid)cn iöcftanbtcil beö gegen= lüärtigcn Ji-'iebcneiücrtragS bilbcn unb, foroeit tunlid), gleidijeitig mit biefem in .flraft treten. ?lrtifel IX. :5)ic in biefem ^i-'iebenSücrtrag getroffenen ÜBereinbarungen bilben ein unteilbare^ ©an^eö. Slrtifcl X. ^ei ber Auslegung biefeg S3ertragS finb für bic ^csief)ungeu ginifdien ^^eutfdilanb imb ber lUraine ber •beutfdic unb ber ufrainifd)c STeyt, für bie ^^ejicbungen jniifdicn CefteiTeid)^ Ungarn unb bcr Ufrainc ber beutfd)e, ber ungarifd)e unb bcr uErainifd)e 3:eyt, für bie 93ejic{}ungcn jn)ifcben Bulgarien unb ber Ufrainc ber but= garifd)e unb bcr ufrainifdje Jcft, unb für bie 53e5iebungen stüifdien bcr 3!^ürfci unb bei: Ufraine ber türtifdic unb ber ufraiuifdie Jeyt maf]gebcnb. ©d)Iupeftimmung. T)er gegenwärtige (vrieben^öertrag Wirb ratifiziert tDcrbcn. 3)ie 9iatififa= tories of the other contracting part}", such restrictions regarding their disposal shall be abolished so far as the contracting parties are concerned. The two con- tracting parties therefore under- take immediately to notify the Governments of the neutral States of the above-mentioned abolition of this restriction. Article VIII. The establishing of public and private legal relations, the ex- change of prisoners of war and in- terned civilians, the amnesty question, as well as the question of the treatment of merchant shipping in the enemy's hands, shall be settled by means of sepa- rate Treaties with tlie Ukrainian People's Republic, which shall form an essential part of the pres- ent Treaty of Peace, and, as far as practicable, come into force simultaneously therewith. Article IX. The agreements come to in this Treaty of Peace shall form an in- divisible whole. Article X. For the interpretation of this Treaty, the German and Ukrai- nian text shall be authoritative for relations between Germany and the Ukraine; the German, Hungarian, and Ukrainian text for relations between Austria- Hungary and the Ukraine; the Bulgarian and Ukrainian text for relations between Bulgaria and the Ulvraine; and the Turkish and Ukrainian text for relations between Turkey and the Ukraine. Final Provision. The present Treaty of Peace shall be ratified. The ratifica- 22 THE UKEAINE PEACE." tionciurfunbcu fodcu tunlidift balb in 25ien nu^ßctaufcftt roerben. T^er ivrtebcn^öcrtrag tritt, [oineit barin nid)t^ anberei^ bo'timmt i[t, mit feiner 9?atiftfation in .^raft. Sn llrfunb beffen fiaben bie ^e- öoIImäf{)tigten bie[en 33ertrag nnter= jeid^nct nnb mit tf)ren ©iegein tier^ fel)en. 5Iuögc[crtit3t in fiinffarfier Urfdirift in Srcft-Viton^Sf am 9. Jebruar 1918. (gcj. Untcrfifiriften.) tions shall be exchanged in Vienna at the earliest possible moment. The Treaty of Peace shall come into force on its ratification, in so far as no stipulation to the con- trary is contained therein. In witness whereof the Plenipo- tentiaries have signed the present Treaty and affixed their seals to it. Executed in quintuplicate at Brest-Litovsk this 9th day of February, 1918. (Signatures foUow.") 3. UKRAINE— CENTRAL POWERS. NOTE TO THE TREATY OF PEACE. SIGNED AT BREST- LITOVSK, 9 FEBRUARY, 1918. [German text as transmitted to the Depart- ment of State, taken from Reichstags- druckeache, No. 1293.] 3u 5IrttM VII beS grtebenöbertrage« bom 9. ^ebruar 1918. (gS beftefit (ginberftänbntg barüber, ba^ ba^ im glnetten Stbfa^e ber S'i\\<^v III beS obengenannten SIrtifelö ent* f)altene ^ünbtgungSrerf)t I)inftcf)tlicö ber einzelnen (in S^\^^ H unter A, B, C, D ange[üf)rten) 23creinborungen jeber ber an bie[en einzelnen 3Sereinborungen beteiligten "ißarteien felb[tänbig su[tef)t. (S§ [on baber in biefem Stbfa^e ftatt „jebcm ber beiben bertrag[cf)lief3enben Zdk" fiei^en: „jebem ber fünf ber= tragfc^Iie&enben Xeilc." Sreft^Sitotügf, am 9. gebruar 1918. 211. ©fen)rin!. 9e. b. tüf)Imann. Ssernin. Jalaat. S)r. 33. Ü^aboflaboff. [Translation.] To article VII of the Peace Treaty of 9 February, 1918. It is agreed that the right of denunciation referred to in the second paragraph of No. Ill of the above mentioned article, con- cerning the separate agreements (specified in No. II, under A, B, C and D), belongs, independently, to each of the parties concerned in these separate agreements. Therefore, instead of reading "to each of the two contracting parties," this paragraph shall read: "to each of the five con- tracting parties." Brest-Litovsk, 9 February, 1918. Al. Sevryuk, R. V. Kühlmann, CZERNIN, Talaat, Dr. V. Radoslavoff. 23 4. UKRAINE— CENTRAL POWERS. ALLEGED SECEET CLAUSES IN THE TREATY OF PEACE, OF 9 FEBETJAEY, 1918.^ A report from Stockholm states that the following secret clauses, were included in the treaty which the Central Powers signed with the Rada of the Ukraine on 9 February, 1918. The object was stated to be the simplification of future relations along racial hnes. (a) All claims to districts to the west of the Dniester river are given up by the Ukraine as well as all Ukraine territory in eastern Gahcia. (b) An adjustment is to be made in Austria in regard to her frontier to the east of Gahcia and the district of Lemberg is to be made the western limit of eastern Galicia, the division to be made on language lines. The apparent object of this is an attempt to avoid the difficulties of the Ruthenian problem in the case of Austrian and Russian Poland being united under Austria. This would be achieved by uniting the eastern part of Galicia to the Ukraine. 1 This account is given La United States Department of State, Periodical Report on Matters Relating to Russia, No. 11, 20 June, 1918, p. 27. 25 5. UKRAINE— CENTRAL POWERS. PROTOCOL EEGAEDING THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE 2, CLAUSE 2, OF THE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE CENTRAL POWERS. SIGNED AT BREST- LITOVSK, 4 MARCH, 1918. [German text as published in Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 16 March, 1918.] 2)a B^cifei über bie 2Iuölegung beö ^unfteö 2, ?lrtitelg 2, be« am 9. gebriiar in 53reit=Sitott)ö? sn)i[d)en 3>ut[d)(nnb, Oe[terrcid)4lugarn, ^ul= garien iitib ber Jiirfei cinerfeitö unb ber Ufraiuifd)en i^olf^rcüublif nnber^ feitö gefditoffenen Jriebcu'Soertrageö ent* [tnnben [tub, baben bie ^liegierungeii ber gciiannteu ältäditc bcfd)(ofien, biefe 3it)eifc( burd) cine crgän,^cnbe Sr=^ flänmg 511 befeitigcn imb b^ben ibre ju btn JriebenSberbanblungen mit 9?u§Ianb uad) ^re[t=Öiton)§f entfanbten 53et}onmäd)tigten (fofgt bie Stufsnljhmg ber SeltoKmaditigten) beauftragt, nad)^ [te{)enbeö ,^u crflärcu: 3ur ^eruteibuug t)ou S[)?i^t)er[täub== niffeu bei 3tu«Ieguug beö ''13unfteg 2 be« Slrtifelö 2 be« am 9. gcbruar 1918 in ^reft^^itolu^f snnfd)en '4^eutfd)taub, Oe[terreid)41ngaru, 53ulgarien unb ber 3:ürfei einer [eit« unb ber llfraiuii"d)en ißotförepublif auberfett« gefd}Io[fencn i^riebeuv^öertrage« n)irb [eftgeftellt, hafi bie im jlueitcu 5(bial^ biefer 35ertrag«- beftimmung öorgefebene gemifd)te jl'om^ miffion bei Jeftjcljung ber ©renje nid)t gebunben i[t, bie ©renjiinie burd) bie Orte 53i(gorai, Sscejcbrj^rlju, "ißugaö^ [Translation.] In view of the fact that doubts have arisen concerning the inter- pretation of Article 2, Clause 2, of the Peace Treaty concluded at Brest-Litovsk, 9 February, be- tween Germany, Austria-Hunga- ry, Bulgaria, and Turkey, on the one hand, and the Ukrainian People's Republic, on the other hand, the Governments of the said Powers have resolved to re- move such doubts tlirough a sup- Elementary explanation, and they ave authorized their plenipoten- tiaries sent to the Brest-Litovsk peace negotiations with Russia (here follow the list of the pleni- potentiaries) to declare the fol- lowing : In order to remove misunder- standings in the interpretation of Article 2, Clause 2, of the Peace Treaty concluded at Brest-Litovsk 8 February, 1918, between Ger- many, Austria-Hungary, Bulga- ria, and Turkey, on the one hand, and the Ukrainian People's Re- public, on the other hand, it is established that the mixed Com- mission foreseen in the second paragraph of this treaty provision, is not bound, in determining the frontier, to trace the frontier line through the localities of Bilgoraj, Szcezcbrzsryn, Pugas- 27 28 THE UKEAINE PEACE.' soft», 9?abnt, 9}ieöt)irct| dne, iarnaft ju legen, foiiberii baer()ä{tni[[en unb SSünfd}cn ber iöcöölferung ergeOenbe ©rcn^e niid) 'ö\tM) ber ?inie 33ifgoraj, ©Scccjcbrs^^St}n, .Sraftnoftato, ^]3iigaö- golD, ^Jiabiu, yJte^l)irctfd)ic, ©arnafi ju fü{)rcu. X'ic criDäf)nte geini[d)te .flom= mifi'ion lüirb au§ S3ertretern ber öer= tragi'dificf^cnbcii -Teile unb au§ 53eiv trcteru i^olcu^:? gcbilbet merben, unb e& lüirb jebc biefcr ']>arieieu bie gleidie $(nsa()I Hon ^delegierten s^n* -^t'om^ mifi'iüu entfenben. Sie öertragfdilie f)Cnben Xei(e mcrben einöerftänbüd) be^ [tiinmeU; in iiicld)eni o^itpunfte biete ^omniiffion jufanimentreten mirb. ?(uögefertigt in fUnffadier Urfdjrift in 33rcflÄ'itomgf nm 4. märi 1918. zow, Radin, Meshiretschie and Sarnaki, but that it has the right, on the basis of Article 2, Clause 2 of the said Peace Treaty to trace the frontier, resulting from the ethnographic conditions and de- sires of the population, to the east of Bilgoraj, Szcezcbrzszyn, Krastnostaw, Pugaszow, Radin, Meshiretschie, Sarnaki. The said mixed Commission shall be com- posed of representatives of the contracting parties and of repre- sentatives of Poland, and each one of these parties shall desig- nate an equal number of delegates to the Commission. The con- tracting parties will determine in common the time when the said Commission shall meet. Done in quintuplicate at Brest- Litovsk, 4 March, 1918. 6. UKRAINE— GERMANY. lEGAL-POLITICAL TREATY SUPPLEMEKTTARY TO THE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEJT UKRAINE AMD THE CENTRAL POWERS SIGNED AT BREST-LITOVSK, 9 FEBRUARY, 1918/ [German text as published in the Xord- deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 11 Febru- .ary, 1918, evening edition.] nu\ ©riinb bes ?(rtife(ö VIII be>3 f)eute unter^eidjiieten griebenöHertuag^ ginifc£)en :3^cutfd)Ianb, Cefterretdj-Un'- garti, 33uli3aricn iiub ber S^urfei einc)> feitö iinb ber Ufrainifd)cn 5>olf'3rcpi!b(if aubcrerieit*:? [inb ber 33eöol(Tnncf)tigte be^ ^eiitfc^eii 3?eld)ö, ©taatgfefretär bc^ ^luirtuärtißeii §Imtv5, .ft'iiiferlidier ^^Öirflidjer C-zetieimer ^lat, 63err 9?ü:^arb Hon £üf)tnmiin unb bie ^cöo(Imarf)tigten ber Utvai'- nifd)en 5>oIf^repuliUf, iiämlid) bie WiU gdeber ber Ufrainifdicn .geiitrnlrnba iperr :?neyanber ©ferorjuf, v'perr 9JtiifoIa ?iibl)m^ifi)i unb §err ä)fi)foIa !i^nü)]t>3= übereingcfommen, bie .fSerfteU'nnö ber öifeutlid)en unb prtöaten ?)ied)löbc= jiel)inu3cn jluifcöen T)eut[d)(nnb unb ber Ufraine, ben Slu^tnufd) ber ,fj'riegö= gefangenen unb .3i^ilinterntertcn, bie (Siirforge für Üiürfmanberer, bie nn^ %nla^ beS jyriebenc;fd)(ui'fcö ju er* laffenbc '?lmneitie unb bie 33ef)anbhing ber in bie Ok^toatt beö 6)egneri5 geratenen f anna()rteiid)ir"fe unnersiigUd) sn regeln nnh I'd bie[em 3^^ecfc einen .3nfat}= bertrag ju benx 5-rieben<5öertrag ab^u* [diiie^en. 9?adibem bie 33et)oItmäd}tigtcn fei> gcftefft [)ntten, bnfe bie Don ibncn bei nntcrseid)nung bee! (^riebenöUcrtragS [Transhition.] In virtue of Article VIII of the Treaty of Peace signed this day between Germany, Austria-Hun- gary, Bulgaria, and Turkey on the one hand, and the Ukrainian People's Republic on the other hand. The Plenipotentiary of the Ger- man Empire, Imperial Actual Privy Councillor Richard von Küliimann. Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; and, The Plenipotentiaries of the Uki-anian People's Republic, Messrs. Alexander Sevryuk, My- kola Lubynski, and Mykola Levy- tski, members of the Ukrainian Ccnti'al Rada, have agreed to regulate forthwith the establishing of public and pri- vate legal relations between Ger- many and the Ukraine, the ex- change of prisoners of war and interned civilians, the provisions for persons returning home, the amnesty to be declared as a con- sequence of the conclusion of peace, and the treatment of mer- chantships come into the power of the opponent, and to this end to conclude a Supplementary Treaty to the Treaty of Peace. The Plenipotentiaries having established the fact that the pow- ers which they presented at the 1 Eatiflcatioiis exchanged at Vienna, 24 July, 1918. {Reichngcsetzblali, no. 107, 1918.) 85700—18 3 29 30 THE UKEAINE PEACE. Dorciclcgteu 2.^onniariitcu bte (Sricbtginig ber norftel)cub bejeidmcteu ©egenftitiibe mit unifnffen, haben [ie fidi über fol^ gciibe 53cffiniiur.!!i3cn eGciiügt: (Srftcy .^«pitc(. 5litfnn()nie ber foiifud-trifdien ^^ejieOunßcn. ?(rtifc( 1. 53ci '?[un!a{)me ber fonfuIanjd)en ^öc^ictiuiiiicu gnuäf^ '^(rtifet IV bc^s 55ricbcu^it»crtraiiei< luirb jebcr Dertrag- fdjiicfjcnbc Toil bic Afonfiiln bee! anbereu "ZdlcQ an ciKcii *iMal,^cn fcmc-3 ©ebictö Sula[feu, umxit utd)t bereite* tior bem .^Triegc für einzelne gemifcfit^fpradiigc ■iMätje ober (^'»cbiet^^teile ^übSnabmen be[tauben itiib biefc ^(ib^nabmcu und] bem .Kriege jebcr brtttcu 9Jtndit gegei^ über gleid)maf?ig niifrediterbnltcn ftier- hen. 3cber Teil behält [idi öor, one' ®rünbeu ber .^'{riegöiiottnenbigfeiten an gen)i[fen '^Mnl^en iJonfuhi be^ nnberen Tcilc^? crft nadi ^Ibfdihin be^? nl(ge= meinen (vriebenei ^n^nlafien. inrtifel 2. 3ebcr nertrngutlicBenbe Xeil luirb alle Sdinben erfet.^en, bie in feinem ©ebiete tnäbrcnb bcö .firiegeö üon hm bortigen ftnatlidien Orgauen ober ber SeDötferung bnrd) nölferreditönnbrige Öanbhmgen fonfnlnrifdien ^^eamten be^ anbercn Tclki' ^^ngcfi!f^rt ober an .^onfulatv^gebänben bicfed Xeileö ober an beren 3ii^^*-'iitar angeriditet iDorben finb. ,3üieitei!! Xfapitet. $i>iebcrberfteUung ber ©taat^tierträgc. Hrtifel 3. T>\t S?erträge, 3(bfommen unb 5.^er= einbarungcn, bie sn»ifd)en 5)eutfd)lanb time of sifjiiature of the Treaty of Peace included the settlement of the above-mentioned questions, have come to an acjreement upon the following provisions: CHAPTEK I. inauguration of consular relations. Article 1. On the inauguration of consular relations, according to ^li'ticle IV of the Treaty of Peace, each of the contracting parties shall admit consuls of the other party to all parts of its territory, in so far as exceptions did not exist before the war regarding certain places or districts where various languages are spoken and in so far as these exceptions shall also be main- tained after the war with regard to any third Power. Each party reserves the right not to admit consuls of the other party to certain places by reason of the exigencies of war until after the conclusion of the general peace. Article 2. Each contracting party shall make compensation for aU dam- ages caused to consular ofhcials of the other party within its terri- tory during the war, or to con- sular buildings occupied by rep- resentatives of such party and the contents thereof, by reason of actions contrary to international law committed by its own public authorities or the local popula- tion. CHAPTER II. reestablishment of state treaties. Article 3. All treaties, agreements, and arrangements in force between LEGAL-POLITICAL TREATY WITH GEEMANY. 31 iinb Üiuf^Ianb nor ber if'riegäerfütrun in Äraft getrcfen ftnb, treten 5Hnfd}cn ben öertraQfd)(ie^enben S'cikn öor= bcf)a{t(itf) nbtreitfienber 53efttnnnungen beg 5riebcn^?bertragö nnb biefei^ ,3u= fat^ncrtrag^? bei beren Sintififntion mit ber Slltafegabc Uncbcr in .ftraft, ha^-,, foUieit fie für eine beftimnite ,8eit unfiinbbar finb, biefe ,8eit urn bie •l^rieg^bauer üerlängert luirb. Tie S!^eutfc{)e 9iegierung U)irb ber Ufrainifd)en 9?egierung binnen Dier 5Bod)en nad) ber Siatififation bee; (^rieben^öertragö bie im 3lbfalj 1 hejcid^netcn 5.^ertrnoe, ^(bfommcn nnb ^Vereinbarungen iljrem 5föort(nnt nnd) mitteilen. ?IrtifeI 4. 3eber liertragfdilie^enbe Jeil fann t)em anberen 3lei(e binnen fed)g 9}fo= Tiaten nad) ber Unter,^eidmnng bcei ^•riebcn^liertragö bie iBerträge/ 3lb- fommen ober 33ereinbarnngcn ober bercn Ginjelbeftimmungen mitteilen, bie nad) feiner ^tuffaffung mit ben inäbrcnb bcS .friege^ eingetretenen "i^er^ «nberungen in ^Bieberfprud) fteben. S^iefe l^ertrngSbeftimmungen folfen tun(id)ft balb buret) neue iBerträge ■erfe^t luerben, bie hen öeränbertcn '5Infd)auungeu uub ^Scrbaitniffen ent= fpred)en. ,Sur Shi^arbeitung ber im ?(bfal? 1 tiorgefef)enen neuen !i>ertrage nnrb binnen fed)ö a^hmaten nad) ber 9iati|i = fation be'S 5'i'i-i^'f^^öliertrag^3 cine auet isertretern ber beibcn Jeile beftel)cnbe .^ommiffion an einem fpäter gu be= ftimmeuben Orte gufammentreten. @o= iTeit fid) biefe binnen brei DJonaten nad) ibrem .Swftinimeutritt nid)t einigt, ftebt aö jebem Jeife frei, Hon ben ^cv^ trag^^bcftimmnngen juriicf^ntretcn, bie cr gemä^ ?(bfal? 1 'Snlj 1 bem anberen Xdk mitgeteilt bat; l)anbelt e§ fid) Germany and Russia before the declaration of war shall once more come into force between the con- tractinc;: parties immediately after the ratification of the Treaty of Peace and of the present Supple- mentary Treaty, provided the lat- ter do not contain any provisions to the contrary, and with the stip- ulation that, if they may not be denounced for a definite period, such period shall be extended to the duration of the war. The German Government shall forward to the Ukrainian Govern- ment, within four weeks of the ratification of the Treaty of Peace, the text of the treaties, agree- ments, and arrangements speci- fied in paragraph 1 of this Article. Article 4. Each of tlie contracting parties shall be entitled to communicate to the other party, within six months of the signing of the Treaty of Peace, all such treaties, agreements, and arrangements, or single clauses thereof, which, in its opmion, are incompatible with the altered circumstances caused by the war. These treaty stipu- lations shall be replaced as soon as possible by new treaties corre- sponding to the altered views and circumstances. A Commission composed of representatives of both parties shall meet in some place to be determined later, within six months after the ratification of the Treaty of Peace, for the pur- pose of drawing up the new trea- ties provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article. Should the Com- mission not come to an agreement within three months of its meet- ing, each party shall be entitled to repudiate such provisions of the Treaty as it shall have communi- cated to the other party in accord- ance with the opening sentence of paragraph 1 hereof; in the event 32 THE UKEAINE PEACE.' babci urn Sinjelbeftimmungcu, fo ftcbt bem anbcrcn 'Xdk ber ^iiUftritt tunu ganjcii 93ertrngc fret. ?(rtife( 5. ®ic S>erträöc, ?(bfommcn luib ii>cr= eiubanmgcii, an bcnen aufscr T^eiit[d)= lanb luib 9iu^laiib brittc ä)?äd)tc bc= tciligt [inb unb in melcbc bic Ufraintfd^e 5.^üli\^rcpitb(if neben 9^.lfUanb ober nn be[fen ®tel(c eintritt, treten ^Juifdicn hm HertragfdiUef^enben Teilen öorbe-- l}a(t(id) abmeidicnber 5.\itirnnuuiiicn bei^ üriebcnöncrtrtujü bei be[fcn 9iati[ifation ober, fofern ber (Eintritt [pätcr erfolgt, in blefem .gcitpunft in .rfraft. ?hif bic mit füUten .^'oHeftitiöerträgcn in S'-^-' fa]nmen{)ang ftebenben (Sinjeltiertrage jlr)ifdien hen beiben Steilen finben bic 33eftinnnnngen beö Slrtifcl 3 über bic 5>erlängernng ber ©eltiingöbancr nnb beö ?(rtifel 1 über ben 9iücEtritt feine ?tnnienbnng. SSegcn ber l^oKefttliOcrträge politi= fcben ^nbnitei, nn bcnen nod) anberc fricgfü{)rcnbc ':lJcad)tc beteiligt finb, he- f)a(teri fid) bic beiben ^Tcilc ihre Stcl= Inngnnf)me bi^ nad) ?(bfd)luf3 be^ n!fge= meinen gnebenö i>or. ©rittet Äapitef. SSicber!)crftc(tung ber '!|?riüatred)tc. 5(rtifel 6. W.k in bcm öcbiet cincv^ Oertrag^ fd)(icBcnben 3:ci(e^^ beftebenben iöcftim^ mnngcn, nuniad) mit ?)iüdffid)t anf ben ^ricgi^^uftanb bic 5tngebörigcn bcö nnbcren Slcilcö in ?(nfebnng ihrer 'i}3rii)atreif)te irgenbtue!d)er bcfonbcren S'Jegehing nnteriicgen (.^ricgc^gefcljc), treten mit ber 9iatififation be^ Jrie- beni?liertrage\^ nnf^cr ?(nuicnbiii!g. of single clauses being in question, the other party shall be free to withdraw from the entire Treaty, Article 5. All treaties, agi"eements, and arrangements to which third Powers shall be parties in addi- tion to Germany and Russia, and to which the Ukrainian People's Republic becomes a ])arty together with or in the ])lace of Russia, shall come into force between the contracting j^arties immediately after the ratification of the Treaty of Peace, in so far as no stipulations to the contrary are contained therein, or at the time of becom- ing a party to such Treaty, should this take place later on. Tlie ]:)rovisions of Article 3 con- cerning extension of the period of validity and of Ai'ticle 4 concern- ing withdrawal shall not apply in the case of separate treaties be- tween the two parties connected with such collective treaties. As regards collective treaties of a political nature to which other belligerent Powers are also parties, the two contracting parties reserve their attitude until after the conclusion of a general peace. CHAPTER III. Reestablishment of Private Rights. Article 6. All regulations in force within the territory of one of the con- tracting ]iarties, according to which nationals of the other })arty shall have been subjected to any special regulations (war laws) governing their civil rights 3 anberen l^dki- ben für biefe Stntjeböritjen gcltenben iBeftimmunnen unterworfen tüarcn. All juridical persons and com- panies domiciled within the terri- tory of one of the contracting parties shall likewise be regarded as its nationals. Fm'thermore, similar juridical persons and com- panies not so domiciled shall enjoy equality with the nationals of such party in so far as they were governed, within the terri- tory of the other contracting party, by the provisions binding on such nationals. ?IrtifeI 7. lieber pricatredittidic Sdiulböcrbftlt^ niffe, bie burcb .Srieg^gefelje bcein= trrtcbtiat morben finb, mir.b nadifteben= bc'? feretnb'.irt. § 1. T)ie Scf)n(benierf)ä(tniffe inerbcn Jine^ ber^ergeftelft, fotpeit fidi nidit auQ ^tn 53eftimmungen ber Jlrtifet 7 biv3 11 ein anbere^S ergibt. Article 7. It has been ngi'ced as follows with regard to debt relations prejudiced by war laws : 1, Debt relations shall be restored, in so far as the provisions of Articles 7 to 11 do not stipulate otherwise. ^'ie ^eftimnuing beei § 1 hinbcrt nid)t, baf5 bie ?yrage, ineldien Ginflnfe bie bnrdi ben .f rieg gefdinffenen S^i^ ittinbe, inc^befonberc bie burd) 'i^ev' fcbröbinberniffe ober .^anbeleinerbote berbeigefü()rtc Umnögtidifeit ber ßr- füUung, auf bie ®d)u(bt)erbättniffe auMben, im (Gebiete jebeö t)ertrag= fd)iic[?cnbeu XcilcS nocl) bcn bort für nrie Sanbe^3eimüol)ner geltenbcn &c^ fctjen beurteilt lüirb. xabei blu-fen bie Shigebörigen bcu «nberen 3::ei(e§, bie burd) SDiaf^uabmen biefe'8 2^eile€>' be[)inbert niorben finb, nid]t ungihiftiger bebanbclt werben, aU bie ?tngebörigen be§ eigenen Stnateö, bie burd) beffen 9}taftnnbmen bcbinbert iDorben finb. 2{ud) foil berjcnigc, ber bnrd) ben .^frieg an ber rcd)t:)ettigen ^emirf ung einer l'eiftung bef)inbert War, nid)t i)erpftid)tet fein, bm baburd) entftanbenen @d)aben ju erfet;en. Tlie provision of § 1 shall not prevent the question as to what influence war conditions (and particularly the impossibility of discharging liabilities owing to difficulties connected with trans- port and communications or with commercial prohibitions) have ex- orcised en debt relations, from being determined in the territory of each of tlie contracting parties according to the laws binding on all the inhabitants thereof. Nationals of the one party whose activities shall have been hampered by enactments of the other party shall not, however, be less favorably dealt with than nationals of the latter whose activities have been similarly hampered. Neither shall any ]:»erson prevented by the war from punctually discharging an obligation be compelled to make good the loss resulting therefrom. 34 THE UKRAINE PEACE.' §3. C'Vtbforbcnmflcn, bereu ^^c^alidinq im I'aiife bc^ .ffriegei^ auf Ohiiub nou .*h'icgögcfct3eu ücmieigert uierbcu fouute, brnud)eu uidit nor ?(blauf nou brei 9Wonnlcn nari) bcr Siatififatiou beö t^riebcuöDertragö be^af)(t ju mcrbcu. ©ie [tub ÜOU bcr ur[oriiug(idicu (Vä(üg- feit an für bie Trauer bc'? .(triege^ uub ber aufd)Iief?eubcu brei ?}?ouate ohne 9iücffid)t auf ?}foratorieu mit fünf Horn «sjSiuibert für baei Csabr ,^u lier= ginfcn; bii;< ^ur urfprituglidicu A-äHigfcit finb gcgebcneufaUv bie Vertrag (id)cu ,3iufeu ^u ^ablcu. §4. i^ür bic ^'(blritfehtug ber ^(uficu^ [täube uub foufligeu priliatred)t(idieu S?crbiubiid)feiteu ftub bic ftaatlid) au= erfnunteu r^Häubigerfdiul^nerbäube ,^,ur ^•crfolguiig ber 5(u|pnid)e bcr ihnen angcfdiioffeneu uatürlidicu uub juri:' ftifd]eu 'i[3erfoucn alö bereu ^enoU- miiditigte Uicdifelfcittg an^ucrfeuneu uub ju^ulaflcu. § 3. Pecuniary claims which the debtor was entitled to refuse to settle during the war, by reason of war laws, need not be met before the expiration of tln-ee months after the ratification of the Treaty of Peace. They shall be charged with interest at the rate of 5 per cent per annum from the date of the original obligation for the duration of the war and the three months imme- diately following, without regard to any moratorium; in particular cases, interest may also become payable up to the original date for payment. §4. Officially recognized associa- tions for the protection of credi- tors shall be mutually recognized and permitted to act as author- ized representatives of persons and juridical persons associated with and claiming tlu'ough them for the settlement of outstanding liabilities and other civil engage- ments. 5(rtifet 8. T)ie. Pertrag fd)(ief3cnbeu Xcife ftub boriiber einig, baf? nad) ber 9xatififatiou bei3 5-ricbeue;iicrtrag<^ bic i^c^ablnug ber ftaatlidjcn iVn-biub(id)feitcu, in^befon^ bcre bcr öffcntlid^e 3d)u(benbicnft, ben beiberfeitigeu '.'Ingebörigeu gegenüber anfgeuomnicn tucrben foil. 3'm ^3iub(itf auf bic Pou ber Ufraiuifd)en iBolfc^republif in ^i(ucr= cinbarung Porbebaftcu. Sabei mirb bie Ufraiuifd)c ^i^otförcpnblif beu beutfd)cn (©taate^angebörigen gegenüber jcbcnfaKo bie ^^erbiublidjfeiten über^ Article 8. Tlie contracting parties are- agreed that, after the ratification of the Treaty of Peace, payment of State liabilities, and more es- pecially the service of the public debt, to the nationals of both ])arties, shall be resumed. In regard to the property ad- justment v/hich the Uki-ainian People's Republic proposes to undertake in conjunction with the other parts of the former Rus- sian Empire, the carrying out of the ])rovisions of paragi'aph 1 of this Article may form the sub- ject of a special agreement. With regard hereto, the Uki'ainian Peo- ple's Republic shall, in any event, take over the obligations to- LEGAL-POLITICAL TREATY WITH GEEMAXY. 35 uel)nien, bie für bie in ber Ufraine \)0X' genommenen öffent(icfien ^^(rbcitcn ein- gegangen ober burd) bort beftnbüd)e isermögen^gegenftänbe )id)crgefte((t [inb. 5lrttfel 9. ®ie üertragfd^Itefjenben Xei(e |inb bariiber einig, ba|3 t)orbct)aItUd) ber 33efiimnmngen beö ?lrtifclö 11 Url)eDcr= red)te unb gemerbüdie Sd)nljred)te, .f onjeffionen nnb ^]3ritn(egicn foiine äbnUd)e ^Infpriidie auf öffent(id)sredit= Iid)er @runblage, bie burd) .^f'rieg^Jge- [e^e becintrad)tigt iuorben finb, für baö ©ebiet ber Ufrainc nnebertiergcftcUt hjerben. S)ie Seftimmung beö ^Hbfaij 1 foil auf .^c:::,Ciiic;icrt, '^]?rit;i'Cyicn urib üi}n= Iid]e ?(nfpi1id)e feine ^(nmenbiiug finben, folneit biefe nur Örunb einer für nllcVnn= beöeimuobner imb für aUe 9ied)te ber gleid)cn 2lrt geltenben ©efcl^gebung in= jlöifd^en abgefdiafft ober öom ©taate ober üon ©emcinben übernommen uior= ben finb unb in bercn 33efit3 oerbfeiben. S)ie Hueifübrung ber in ben ?lb= fö^en 1, 2 aufgeftedten Örnubfätje bleibt befonberer 33ereinbarung üor= bebalten. Slrtifel 10. ®ie griften für bie S3eriäl}rung üon ^?ed)ten foden im (^Vbictc jebc^ ner= tragfdiUcf^enbcn J'eiki^ gegenüber ben 5(ngcbörigen bcö anbcrcn Xeileet, fnllö fie :^ur 3cit beö Äricg\?auöbrud)d nodi nid]t abgelaufen iraren, frübeftenö ein 3abr nad) ber 9iatififation beö (Vrie= ben^nertragö ablaufen. S)aö gleid)e gi(t öon ben ^yriften ^uv !i8orlegung Hon 3incifd)einen unb ©cminnantcilfdicinen fo)t)ie non au^gctoften ober fonft jablbar geworbenen ißiertpapieren. 3{rtifel 11. S)ie Jätigfeit ber ©teilen, bie auf ©runb Pon Äriegögefetjen mit ber ^öe- auffid)tigung, !^erlüal)rung, 55ent)a(= wards German subjects incurred for public works undertaken in the Ukraine or secured by prop- erty situated there. Article 9. Tlie contracting parties agi'ee that, save as is otherwise pro- vided by Article 11, copyright, industrial patent rights, conces- sions and privileges, and other similar claims based on public law, which have been prejudiced by war laws shall again be re- established within Ula-ainian ter- ritory. Ttie provisions of paragi-aph 1 hereof shall not apply to conces- sions, privileges, and similar claims, in so far as these shall in the meantime have been abol- ished by legislation binding on all inhabitants of the country and concerning all similar rights, or which shall have been taken over by the State or by communities and remain in their posse -.sion. The carrj'ing out of the pro- visions of paragraphs 1 and 2 is reserved for a special agreement. Article 10. Tlie period within which the rights of nationals of the other party in the territory of each contracting party shall expire shall be at the earliest one year after the ratification of the Treaty of Peace, should it not have ex- pired at the outbreak of war. The same shall apply to periods within which interest cards and dividend warrants are to be pre- sented, as also bonds which have been drawn or othei'wise become payable. Article 11. Tlie activity of the institu- tions which, by reason of war laws, shall haA'e undertaken the supervision, custody, administra- 36 THE UPIEAINE PEACE. tung ober ?iqitibatiou Hon 53ermögenö= gctjcnl'tiiiibcu ober bcr '^Inimfimc Hon 3fl(ihingcn befaßt tnorben ftnb, fo(( unbcfd)nbct bcr 53ci"timnningen bcö 5IrtiiCiö 12 nncf) ^Jcaügabe bcr nad> [te()enben Öriinbfälje abgelnicfeit werben. §1. S)ic bcanffidjligtcn, nerinabrten ober licrnjaftclcu S>cnnögcnggegcn[tänbe finb auf ^scrfangcn bctS 53cred)tigten unöer- jüglid) [rei^^ngebcn; bi^ jur llcbcr= nabnte burd) bcu ^eredittgten ift für cine Stlsabrung [einer 3ntereffen ;u icrgen. §2. ©ie 53c|tirnnuingcn be? § 1 [y^zw inoblerinorbene 9^ed)te Tritter ntd}t beritbren. BnbJnngeu unb [onftige ?ci[tungen ciuc^^ Sdiuibnerö, bie öon ben iin (Eingang bte[e§ Slrtifelö er= iDilbnten (StcUen ober auf bereu S?er= anlaffung eutgegcngenoninicn Uiorben fiUvb, [olicn in ben ©ebietcn ber l'cr= tragfd)Iicneubeu Jeile bie g[eid)e SStr- fung baben, iuie Uumiu fie bcr ®täu= biger fclbfl empfangen bätte. ''43viliatred)tlicbe ^i^crfügungen, bie Hon ben bc/seifbnctcn ©tcf'cu ober auf bereu ^i^eraniaffung ober ibueu gegenüber Dorgenonunen luorben finb, bleiben mit JBirfung rcd)terf)atten. für beibe ::i.ei(e auf^ §3. tion, or liquidation of property or the receipt of payments, shall be settled on the lines indicated below, without prejudice to the provisions of Ai'ticle 12. § 1. Property under supervision, custody, or administration shall be released without delay at the request of the person entitled thereto, and, until such })erson takes it over, care shall be taken to safeguard his interests. § 2. afi'ect the j^roperly acquired rights of third parties. Pay- ments and other obligations of a debtor accepted by the institu- tions mentioned at the begin- ning of this Article, or by their order, shall have the same effect within the tei'ritories of the con- tracting parties as though re- ceived by the creditor in person. Ai'rangements under civil law made by the institutions above mentioned, or by their order or with them, shall be binding in their effect upon both parties. lieber bie 3:ätigfeit ber im Giugaug Upon the request of those en- biefeö 5(rtifefti erlDäbnteu (Steffen, iue!= titled thereto, -information shall befonberc über bie C5innabmeu unb be immcJJateiy furnished with Jlu^gaben, ift ben 'i^ercditigten auf regard to the activity of the in- iBerlaugeu uuner^ügliri) i^lu^fuuft ju stitutions mentioned at the be- erteileu. ginning of this Article, and more especially concersiing their in- come and expenditure. ^irtifcl 12. ©runbftücfe ober 9ied)te an einem (Jnitubfturf, iVrgmerfi^gercdUfame fo= luie 9icd}te auf bie ^ixmutjung ober ^lu^beutung Hon ("»h-uubfturfen, llnter= nebmungen ober ^iUieifigungen an ei= Article 12. Land or rights over land, min- ing rights, as well as the right of usmg, exploiting, and working land, undertakings, or participa- tions in an umb^'taking, espe- LEGAL-POLHICAL TREATY WITH GEEMANY. 37 nem Unterncfimen, in^befonbere ?(fticn, bie infolge Hon Ätieg(^gcfcljen ner= äußert ober bcm !öercd)tigten fonft burdi i^tüang entjogen morbcn finb, follen bcm früheren iöcrec()tigten auf einen innerhalb eine§ 3abrcii nad) ber 9iatififation beö griebeu^5l3crtrag§ ,^u fteKenben Eintrag gegen $)iücfgelual-|r ber ihm au<3 ?(nta^ ber ^.VTäufjerung ober Gntjiebung etnia eriDafI)fenen 3?ortciIe frei öon allen in^luifcbcn begrünbeten ^ed)ten dritter iniebcr übertragen lüerben. '^ie 33c[tinnnungen beö Sl'bfa^ 1 ftnben feine ^hiroenbung, foirseit bie beräuRertcn 53crmögen§gcgenftänbe auf ©runb einer für alle ^anbeöcininolmer unb für alle ©egenftänbe ber gleid)en ZitL geiteiibcu G/Ciei^geuuiig in^roifaieu Dom Staate ober bon Wemeinben übcr== nommen liHH'ben finb unb in bereu 53e= filpc üerbleibcu; im ^aik ber 3.C^ieber= aufbebung ber Uebernabmc fann ber im 5lbfal5 1 üorgefebene Eintrag auf 9vücf= geiDäbr innerlialb eineö 3abi'eö nacf) her Sßieberaufbebung geftellt werben. S3iertev3 .Kapitel. (irfal3 für 3^^^1fd}äben. Strtifel 13. T)k t)ertragfd)lief]enbcn Jeilc finb barüber einig, bafs ben beiberfeitigen §Ingct}örigeii bie ®d)äben erfe^t Uicrben, bie fie infolge öon .^rieg^gefeljen burd) bie jcitlncilige ober bauernbc (5nt;,iebung Don Urbeberreriitcn, gclvcrblidicn Sdnttj= red)ten, .^iJonjeffionen, ^13riinlegien unb äl)ulid]en ?lnfprüd)en ober burrf) bie 53eauffid)tigung, !!l^ern)al)rung, 5>er- roaltung ober ^-i^eräuficrung Don iscr= mögenögegenftänben erlitten haben. S)ae; g[eid)e gilt für bie ©d)äben, bie ben ,3ilnlangehörigen febeei Jeile-S niäh= renb be§ .flriege^ außerhalb ber ,ftriegö- gebiete non ben ftaatlid)en Organen ober ber iöeüölferung bee( anbcrcn ieile^ burdi Dölferred)tsnnbrige ('»^emaltafte an l'ebcn, @efunbt)eit ober i^ermögen jugefügt ttiorbcn finb. cially shares which, in conse- quence of war hiws, have been alienated or otherwise compul- sorily withdrawn from the right- fui owner, shall be reconveyed to such owner upon requisition made by liim within one year after the ratification of the Treaty of Peace, against his surrender of any advantages or profits which ma}'" have accrued to him by reason of such alienation or withdrawal, free of all rights established l^y third parties in the meantime. The provisions of paragraph 1 hereof shall not apply in so far as the alienated property shall in the meantime have been taken over by the State or by communities and be in its possession on the basis of legislation valid for all its inhabitants and for all prop- erty of a similar nature; in the event of the cancoHation of such transfer, action for restitution in paragraph 1 hereof may be taken witiiin a jaxr after the cancella- tion. CHAPTER IV. COMPEXSATIOX FOR CIVIL DAM- AGES. Article 13. The contracting parties have agreed that nationals on both sides shall be compensated for damages suffered in consequence of war laws through the tempo- rary or permanent withdrawal of copyrights, industrial »patents, concessions, privileges, and sim- ilar rights, or through the control, cusfody, administration, or sale of property. This shall also ap- ply to damages suffered by civilian nationals of each party outside the war zones during the war, by reason of acts of violence against body, health, or property contrary to international law and caused by its pu])lic authorilies or its population. 38 THE UKEAINE PEACE. 3m .*ptnbli(f auf bie bon ber Ufrai= nifdieu i^otförcpubUf in '^(uöficfit ge- nommene ^i^crmögcu^au^cinnnberfeljung mit ben übrigen Jcilcn beiS ebenmligen 9xnf|"ifcf]en ■Uaifcrreid)^ b(eibt bie 3(u^' [ül)rung ber in Mki} 1 anfgeftelltcn @rimb[ätje bcfouberer ikreinbanmg öorbel)aIten. giinftec! .fc apitel. 5ln<5taufd) ber faeiberfeitigen .^'riege!== gefangenen nnb .^itulinternierten. ^.'(rtifel 14. As rep;ards the property adjust- ment with other parts of the for- mer Russian Empire contemplat- ed by the Ukrainian People's Re- pul^lic, the carryino; out of the ])rinciples laid dov/n in paragraph 1 hereof is reserved for a special agreement. CHAPTER V. exchange of prisoners of war and interned civilians. Article 14. lieber ben im ?lrtifc( VI hc^ g-rie= Tlie following provisions are ben^liertragi^ Dorgefebenen ?ln^taufd) made concerning the exchange of ber .flriegcigcinngcnen rocrbcn bic nad)^ prisoners of war proviJou lor in ftebenbcn i>3eftinnnungen getroffen. Article VI of the Treaty of Peace: 1. ®er bcreiti^ im ('>"'ange befiubUd)e 5(uötanfd) bicnftnntanglidier ,VJriegögc= fangenen mirb mit möglidificr iöcfd)Ieu= nigniig bnrdigcfübrt roerben. 5)er ?(u^tanfd) ber übrigen .ftrieg^3= gefangenen erfolgt tunUd)ft balb in be= ftimmten, nod) näf}cr ju nereinbarenben „^eitrilnmen. §2. ^ei ber ijutlaffnng erba(ten bie ,f{'riegi^gefongenen bac'i ibnen Don ben ^ebörben be«< ^^(nfcntbalteiftaatci abge= nommene ^^.^riüatcigcntnm fomie ben nod) nid)t an^^be,^abitcu ober t}eiTed)ne= ten Xcil ibreci ^^Irbcitdlicrbienfteö; biefc S3erpflid)tung bejicbt fid) nid)t auf ®d)rtftftücfe militärifd]en 3nbaltö. §3. (Sine an§ je oier 'iscrtrctcrn ber beibcn 3;!eite jn bilbenbe .Tf onnniffion foil aU-- halb nad) ber ^)iatififation be^ (Vrieben^3= öertragö in i^reft^^Vitomeif jufammen= treten, nm bie im § 1 3lbf. 2 öorge= § 1. Tlie excliango of prisoners of war miiit for military service, which is already taking plac(^, shall be carried through witli all possible s]^eed. The exchange of other prisoners of war sliall tnlvc place as soon as possiljlc, within a, fixed period yet to be agreed upon. § -2. Upon being released, prisoners of war shall receive ])ack the private property taken from them by the authorities of the State in whose territory they shall be, and also the portion of tlieir earnings not yet paid out or computed. This obligation shall not apply to written documents of military contents. §3. A Commission to be formed of four representatives of each party shall meet in Brest-Litovsk as soon as possible after the ratifica- tion of the Treaty of Peace, in order to fix the periods provided for in clause 2 of § 1 of this Article LEGAL-POLITICAL TREATY WITH GERMANY. 39 fef)enen Zeiträume [oline bie [on[tigen (Smje{f)eiten be§ 5(iieitaiiftf]cö, iuöbe^ fonbere bie ?(rt unb SSeife bcr ipeim- bcförberung, fcftjufe^en unb bie S)iird):= fiibning ber getroffenen 5Bereinbarungen gu übermac^en. §4. X'ie nad) ööIferred)tU(f)en @runb= jiiljen jn erftattenbcn 5hifuienbungcn für bie beiberfeitigen .rj'riegögcfangencn Wtv- ben im ^inblicf nnf bie @efnngenen= ^abfen gegen einanbcr anfgered)nct. Slrtifcl 15. lieber bie ^peimfebr bcr beiberfeitigen 3it>i(nngebörigen mcrbcn bie nad)ftel)en= ben iöeftintntungen getroffen. § 1. S)ie beiberfeitigen internierten ober öerfd)i(ften Bibilangebörigen Jucrben tnnlidift balb unentgettlid) ()einibeför= bert nierben, fotücit fie nid)t mit ,3^- ftimmung bcö ?(ufentbnlt^^ftaatö in beffen C^kbicte ju bleiben ober fid) in ein anbereg ^anb ju begeben nninfd)en. 3)ie im ?(rtifel 14 § 3 erlnnlinte .r^ommifflon foK bie (Sinjelbeiten ber i^eimbeförberung regeln unb bie !S)urd)= fübrung ber getroffenen iöercinbarungen übcrlüad)cn. §2. !Die 5(ngebörigen cine^? TTcileö, bie bei .flrieg^auöbrnd) in bem (^kbietc beö anberen ZeiM it)ren S^ßobnfitj ober eine genierblid)e ober §anbeteinieber= laffung batten unb fid) nid)t in biefent ©ebictc aufbniten, fönnen bortbin ju= rücffebren, fobalb fid) ber nnbere 3;;ei( nid)t mehr in .Rriegö^nftanb befinbet, 3)ie 9iücffebr fann nur au«J ©rünben ber inneren ober äufjeren ®id)ert)eit bcö ©taateö Derfagt n»erben. as well as other details of the ex- change, especially the manner of their repatriation, and to super- vise the carrying through of the agreement arrived at. § 4. Tlie expenditm-es incurred for prisoners of war of the one side, of which a return shall be made according to the principles of in- ternational law, shall be set against that incm'red for those of the other side, having regard to the number of prisoners on both sides. Article 15. The following provisions are made concerning the repatriation of civilian nationals on both sides : § 1. Interned or deported civilian nationals on each side shall, as soon as practicable, be repatriated free of charge, in so far as they do not wish, subject to the consent of the State, within whose terri- tory the}' shall be, to remain there or go to another country. Tlie Commission mentioned in § 3 of Article 14 shall settle the details of repatriation and shall su]Dervise the carrying out of the aOTeemonts made. Nationals of one party who were domiciled or industrially or commercially established within the territory of the other party on the outbreak of war and who did not remain there, may return to such territory as soon as the other party is no longer in a state of war. Permission for their return can only be refused on the ground of danger to the State at home or abroad. 40 THE UKBAINE PEACE. %U 5(u^lt)ciö ßciüu3t ein Don ben 53ef)örben beg i?>eimatftnatd au^ge^ [tenter ^13af], monad) ber 3nliaber ju ben ini '^(bfalj 1 tic;cid)ncten '^]?erfonen gebort; ein ©id)tDcrincrf nnf beni ^a\\c ift nid)t crforberlid). ?(rtifet 16. ®ie ?(ngcbörigen jcbeei ticrtragfd){ie= feenbcn STcilc«^ foUen ini 6"'ebicte bc& nnbercn Xcilcv:! für bie .B^it, iitäbrenb bcrcn bort ibr C-knnerbe* ober .'panbclö= betrieb ober ibre [onftige (Srlnerbö- tätigfeit infolge be-S .ffriegeö gerubt bat, fcinerlei Hnflagen, 5lbgaben, Steuern ober G^ebübren für bcn ©cinerbe^ ober v^anbel^betricb ober bie fonftige (2r= lüerbötätißfcit unterliegen. -Betröge, bie bieruad) nid)t gefcbulbet inerbeu, aber bereit*? crbobcn finb, follcn binnen fediö 9}(onatcii nad) bcr 9iatififation be? ^riebeui^iicrtragi^ jurücferftattet n3erben. '^(nf .!öanbel*?=^ nnb fonftige (Sr= nierb<}!gcfer(fcbaftcn, an bcncn 5(ngc= börige bcc! einten -teilcöali.^ (^'•cfe(tfd)after, ?lftionare ober in fonftigcr 3Beifc beteiligt finb unb bereu 53ctrieb im ©ebiete beö anbercu !Jeilcei infolge bei5 Äriegeci gerubt bat, fiuben bie ^eftini* mungen bee* 'Hbfat^. 1 entfprcdienbe 3hi= inenbung. ^irtife! 17. 3ebcr t)ertragfd)lief3eube Jeil lier= pf(id]tet fid), bie auf feinem Cs^ebiete bcfiublicbeu (sH-abftätten bcr vSpeere^= angebörigen folnie bcr inäbrcnb ber 3uternierung ober 'iscrfd)irfung lier= ftorbeucn fouftigen ^Hugcbörigcn be<5 anbercu Xcilcts ju ad)tcn unb ,:;u nntcr= batten; and) fönneu ^beauftragte biefcv? Jeileg bie pflege unb angcmeffcne '?Iuö- fd)mücfuug bcr Csh'abftätten im (5in= üemcbnuMi mit bcn V'anbci^bebbrben beforgcu. 5)ie mit bcr ^]3flcge bcr ©rabftättcn .^ufammcnbängcnben I5in= setfragen bleiben )ucitcrcr i^erciubarnug Horbebatten. A passport made out by the authorities of the home Govern- ment, stating that the bearer is one of the persons indicated in § 1, shall be sufheient evidence. No iHse shall be required on such passport. Article 16. Nationals of each contracting party shall not be subject, within the territory of the other ])arty, to any assessment, tax, contribu- tion, or dues upon their industrial or commeicial business or other occu])ation for the j)eriod during whicii such industrial or commer- cial business or other occupation shall have been dormant in con- sequence of tlie war. Amounts already collected, but which are not pa_va])ie according to this Ar- ticle, shall be refunded within six months after the ratification of the Treaty of Peace. The ]iro visions of paragraph 1 shall correspondingly apply to commercial and industrial com- l^anies in which the nationals of the one ])arty are interested as mem])ers, siiareholders, or other- wise, and whose business in the territory of the other party shall have ])een dormant in conse- quence of the war. Article 17. Each of the contracting ]:)artie3 undertakes to respect and keep in good order the bmial-places, witliin its territory, of members of the military forces of the other party who fell in the war, as well as of other nationals of such ])arty who died during intern- ment or after deportation; duly authorized persons may tend and suitably decorate the burial- ])laces, with the consent of the local authorities. Particular questions connected with the care of such bm'ial-places are reserved for further agi-eement. LEGAL-POLITICAL TREATY WITH GERMAXY, 41 Serf}fteö tapitd. i^ürforge für Sxiirftnanberer. 2lrtifel 18. !©en 5{ngef)örigen jebc^ öertrQgfd)Ue= ßcnbcn Jcile^, bie quo bcm ©ebicte beö Qiibcren Tcik^ [tanunen, foH e§ inafircnb einer 5t"ift ^^o'^ Scl)n 3at}i*en iiad) bcr 9iati[ifation bcö g-ricben^ücrtragc^ frci= ftet)en, tm GhUieruelimeii mit ben 53e= i)örben biefe^ Xeilc'S nad) ifjrem ®tamni=^ laiib jurücfjntrnnbern. ®ie jnr ^lücflnanbcning bcreditigtcu *il?er[onen foHen anf 5tntrag bie Gnt^ Inffmig oM i[)rem bi^f}erigen (2taat^= ticrtaub erf}a(teiT. ?hid) [oU if)r [d)rift= lider ober nmnblid)er ^^crfebr mit ben bipfomatifdien unb fonfntnrifden i^er= tretern beö Stamm (anbeö in feiner 2öei[e geliinbert ober er|d))nert ircrben. Srrtifel 19. 3)ie 9?it(fn3anberer [oWen burd) bie SfuMtmng beö 9xüdnianbererredit^ fei= nerlei öermcgen^redtlidc 9tQditei(e er= {eiben. ©ie foKen befugt fein, it)r 53ermögen ju liquibieren unb htn ^rlös unb tiorbefialtlid) ber 53eftim= mungen ber aKgemeinen ^mibeögefelje aud) il)re fonftige beiueglide öafce mit= june()men; ferner bürfen fie ihre "»^ndit^ öertrdge unter (i"inl)aitung einer ^^rift Don fediö 9Jiounten fünbigen, ot)ue ha\^ ber 5Berpäd)ter iiiegen nor.^eitiger ?luf= löfung beö "ii^adtüertragei Sdnbener- faljanfprüdje ^ geltenb madjen faim. ©iebenteö .Kapitel. Stmneftie. Hrtifel 20. 3eber Dertragfdiliefeenbe 3;^eil ge= tnälirt ben ?lnget)örigen be6 anberen Xeifee; ©traffreif)eit nad) SJc'afegabe ber nad)ftef)enben 53eftimmungen. CHAPTER VI. PROVISION FOR THE REPATRIATED. Article IS. Nationals of each of the con- tracting parties racially originat- ing in the territoiy of the other party may return to their native country \\Tthin a period of ten years after the ratification of the Treaty of Peace, in agreement with the authorities of such party. Persons authorized to return shall receive a discharge from their former State allegiance on demand. Their Avritten or verbal communication with the diplo- matic or consular representatives of their native countiy shall not be prevented or rendered difficult in any way. Article 19. The repatriated shall suffer no pecuniary or material disadvan- tage through exercising the right of return. They shall be entitled to realize their property and take the proceeds thereof with them, as also, subject to the provisions of the general law of the land, their movable possessions; fur- ther, they shall have the right to terminate their leases upon giving six months' notice to this effect, without the lessor being entitled to claim damages on account of the premature termination thereof. CHAPTER VII. amnesty. Article 20. Each contracting party grants to nationals of the other party freedom from punishment accord- ing to the following provisions. 1 "N. A. Z." has (Sd)abcn«crfQtäanfprüc6e. 49, THE UKRAINE PEACE. §1. 3ebcr XctI geiuatn't noUc Straffrei f)eit ben bein niibercn Xeile angc{)ören= ben Äriegeicjefangcnen für alk tiou tf)nen bcgaugeucu gerid)tUd) ober bifji= plinarifd) ftrafbaren ^anbluugen. §2. 3eber Xeil gctuäbrt noHe ®traffrei= t)eit ben ^i^'i^tii^öcbörigcn bee* anbcren !Jel(e^, bie untlirenb bcö .^hicgeö tn= ternicrt ober ticrfd)icft morbcn finb, für bie nnllivcnb bcr 3nternternng ober 33erfd)irfnng begangenen gerid)tUd) ober bifjiplinnrifd) ftrafbnren ^panbhingen. § 3. 3eber Xei( gemäört Hotte Straffrei^ f)eit allen ^Hngebörigen be^ anberen 2eileö für bie ^^,n beffen (^nnften be= gangenen ©traftaten nnb für 3>erftö'fee gegen bie juni ^Jiad)teil feinblidjer 5lnö:= länber ergangenen ?(uönabmegefe^e. § 4. 3)ie in ben §§ 1 fai^ 3 öorgefebene Straffreiheit erftredt fid) nidit auf §anblnngcn, bie nad) ber 9iatififation beö g^'iebcneiOcrtrag^ begangen üierben. § 5. ©oüieit nad) ben iöcftinininngcn bcr §§1 fai^ 4 ©traffreibeit geünibrt mirb, luerben nene Straftierfabren nid)t ein= geleitet, bie anhängigen ©trafocrfahren eingeftellt nnb bie erfannten ©trafen er= laffen. !3)od) fönncn Africg^^gefangene, bie fid) megcn ,Uriegö= ober l'anbe^^ üerrati^, tiorfaljIid)er Jötnng, ^lanbeö, räuberifd)er (Srpreffnng, liorfäljlid)cr iöranbftiftnng ober ®ittlid)feitööer= bred)en in Unterfud)ung^s ober ©traf= haft befinben, biü jn ihrer Gnttaffnng in §aft gehalten merben. § 1. Each party grants complete immunity from punishment to prisoners of war belonging to the other party for all punishable offences against law or discipline. Each party grants complete immunity from punishment to civilian nationals of the other party interned or deported during tlie war, for punishable offences against law or discipline com- mitted by tliem during their internment or after deportation. Each party grants to all na- tionals of the other party com- plete immunity from punishment for offences committed for the benefit of the latter and for con- traventions of exceptional laws passed against enemy aliens. § 4. The immunity from punishment provided for in §§ 1 to 3 shall not extend to offences committed after ratification of the Treaty of Peace. In sa far as immunity from punishment is granted according to the provisions of §§ 1 to 4, new penal proceedings shall not be commenced, pending penal pro- ceedings shall l)e quashed, and punisliments enforced shall be re- mitted. Prisoners of war await- ing trial or undergoing imprison- ment on account of military treachery or high treason, pre- meditated homicide, robbery, predatory extortion, arson, or crimes against morality may, however, be kept in prison until repatriated . LEGAL-POLITICAL TREATY WITH GEEMAXY. 43 Slrtifel 21. S)ie licrtrag[d}lie^enben -teile gc= tüäl^ren ihrcii eicjcneii 9(nge{)ön9en @traf[rcibeit nad) 9}cnf59a(ie ber nad}- ftefjeiiben ^öcftimmuntjcn. §1. 3eber Jeil 9en)ä{)rt nolle ®traffrei= ^eit ben ?(ngeböngen [einer bewaffneten Mad)t in ?(nfelnüiö ber ^Irbeiten, bie fie a(^ .^ricgcigefangene be^ anberen -Tcite^ geletftet linbcn. '^M Qldd-jc gilt für bie Hon ben beiberfcitigen 8inifange= t)örigen miibrenb ibrer 3nternierung ober 33erfd)i(fung geteifteten Strbeiten. § 2. 3^eber Xeil geinrtbrt Oofle Straffrei- tieit ben 53eniobnern feiner Hon beni anberen Jeit befe^ten (^^ebiete für ibr poIitifd)eö 55erbalten mitbrenb ber ^eit ber 53efet^^nng. § 3. 3tuf bie in hzn §§ 1, 2 üorgefebene Straffreiheit finben bie '-öeftimmnngen beö 3lrtifelö 20 § 5 5(nrt)enbnng; and) bürfen in biefen (Ralfen über bie betei^^ ligten l^erfoncn nnb it)re ganiilien meitere 5)ied)t^nad}tei(e nid)t oerbängt merben. 2trtifel 22. Sie t)ertragfd)tief3enben Jeile bebatten fid) öor, über bie Don icbeni Jcile jn gelüäbrenbe Straffreibcit für bie jn feinen .Ungunften begangenen 6panb= lungen meitere ^Vereinbarungen ju treffen. Sichte« Kapitel. 53ebanblnng ber in bie ©etnalt beö ©cgncrö geratenen Äauffabrteifd)iffe unb Sdiiffölabungen. 9Irtifet 23. .tauffabrteifd)iffe beö einen t)ertrag= fdjUefeenben 2eileei, bie bei l?riegöauö= Article 21. The contracting parties grant to their own nationals freedom from punishment according to the following provisions. § 1. Each party grants to members of its own armed forces complete immunity from punishment in reference to work done as prison- ers of war of the other party. The same shall apply to work (k)ne by civilian nationals on both sides during internment or depor- tation. Each party grants complete immunity from punishment to inhabitants of such of its territory as shall have been occupied dur- ing the war, in respect of their political conduct during such occupation. § 3. The provisions of § 5 of Article 20 sliall apply to the immunity from pvmishment provided for in §§ 1 and 2; moreover, in those cases further legal disadvantages sliall not devolve upon the per- sons concerned and their families. Article 22. The contracting parties reserve to themselves tlie right to enter into furtlier agreements concern- ing immunity fi'om punishment to be guaranteed by each party for offenses committed to its prejudice. CHAPTER VHI. treatment of merchant ves- sels and of cargoes which have come into the oppo- nent's possession. Article 23. Merchant vessels of one con- tracting party which were lying in 44 THE UKRAINE PEACE.' brucf) in ben >öäfcn beö anbcrcn Jcilcö lagen, merbcn ebenfo lute ibre Vabungen äimicfgegcbcn ober, [oiucit biei5 nid)t moglid) ift,, in 6^e(b crfetjt luerben. SBegcn ber i^crgütnng für bie '^enuljnng fotd)er ®d)iffc milbrenb beei ftricgee; bleibt im öinblicf an[ bie Hon ber Ufrainifd)en S5oIförcpub(if in ?luiSfid)t genommenen ^tucieinnnberfeljung ntit ben übrigen Steilen be^ ebcmaligen 5)inffifd)cn .'ilnifer^ rcid)^ eine befonberc ^Vereinbarung t)or= bebn (ten. ?(rtifc(24. ©ie aU '']?rifen anfgcbraditen .^'auf= fabrteifd)iffe ber I3ertragfd)(ief3enbcn leile [ollen, menn fie Uor ber Öiatififation beö ivriebcncinertragö burd) rccDtv^fräftigeö Urteil cinev? '^|.^rifengerid)t§ fonbemniert niorben fiub unb nid)t unter bie iöc= ftimmungen bci5 'Hrtife(d 23 falten, aU enbgültig eingebogen nngefebcn luerben; im übrigen fiub fie Jurüifjugeben ober, foiüeit fie nid)t mcbr Oordaubcn fiub, in ®elb ju erfeljen. ®iefe ^eftim= mungen finben auf bie al^ ^i.srifen auf= gcbrad)ten ®d)iffö(abungen öon ?{nge= börigen ber oertragfd}Uc^enben Teile entfprcd)enbe 5lnnienbung. ^nrtifel 25. S)ie ®urd]fül)rung ber in ben ?{r= tifeln 23, 24 entl)a{tenen !i^eftim= mungen, in§befonbere bie Jvcftfeljung ber ju ;^al)lcnben (5ntfd)äbigungen erfolgt burd) eine gcmifd)te Äommiffion, bie au^ je einem ikrtreter ber nertrag- fdiliefsenbcn Xeilc unb einem neutralen Obmann bcftebcn unb binnen brei 9[)Jonaten nad) llnterjeid)nnng be^3 ^riebenöDertragö in Obeffa ober an einem anbercn geeigneten Orte sufam= mentreten ii>irb; um bie 53ejeid)nung bei< Cbmannö luirb ber '^]?räfibcnt bed ©dilDei^crifdicn iöunbe^^ratö gebeten irserbcn. ?(rtifel 26. Sie öertragfdjlief^enbeu Sieile Uierbcn atleö, \vai in ibrer 9Jfacl)t liegt, tun, bamit bie nadi ?trttfel 23, 24 surürf= jugebenben ,ftauffabrteifd)iffe nebft iljren V'abungcn frei nadj ber ipeimat surürf= gelangen fönnen. the ports of the other party at the outbreak of war shall, with their cargoes, be given back or, in so far as this is not possible, be com- pensated for in money. A spe- cial agreement is reserved as re- gards compensation for the use of such ships during the war, in view of the adjustment intended to be made by the Ukrainian People's Republic with the other parts of tlie former Russian Empire. Article 24. Merchant ships brought in as prizes shall be definitely confis- cated if condemned before the ratification of the Treaty of Peace by the valid judgment of a Prize Court and if they do not come un- der tlie provisions of Article 23; in other cases they are to be given back or, if no longer available, are to be compensated for in money. These provisions shall apply to ships' cargoes brought in as prizes and belonging to nationals of the contracting parties. Article 25. The ap])lication of the provi- sions contained in Articles 23 and 24, and more especially the assess- ing of compensation, shall de- volve upon a mixed Commission, which siiall consist of one repre- sentative of each of the contract- ing parties and a neutral chair- man, and shall sit at Odessa, or some other suitable place; within three months after the date of the ratification of the Treaty of Swiss Peace. The President of the Federal Council shall be requested to nominate the cliairman. Article 26. Tlio contracting parties shall do all in their power to facilitate the free return home of the merchant shipping and cargoes returnable under Articles 23 and 24. POLITICAL-LEGAL TEEATY WITH GERMANY. 45 9kunteö Äapitet. (SdjIuPeftinTtnungen. Slrtifel 27. ÜDiefer ^i^fci^öertrag, ber einen lt)e= fentüd)en 93cftanbtei{ beö g'^icbenö^ Dcrtragö bilbet, foil ratifiziert unb bie 9xatififation^urfunben foKen sugleid) mit ben 9iatififtttion§urfunben beö t^riebenööertragö au^getau[if]t tüerben. Slrtifel 28. ©er 3u[a^t)ertrag tritt, folüeit barin nid)t ein anbereö beftintmt ift, g[cid)= jeitig mit bem ^^'ncbenööertrag in Äraft. 3ui^ (Srgänjung beg ,3ufa^t)ertrag§, inöbefonbere jnm ?(b[d)Iuf5 ber barin borbef)aItenen it)eiteren JiBercinbarungen njerben binnen öier SJtonaten nad) ber Üiatififation 3?ertreter ber ocrtrag^ fd)tie^enben Steile an einem fpäter ju beftimmenben Ort snfammentreten. 3u Urfunb be[fen I)aben bie 53eüot(= mäditigten foluie alö Vertreter ber beut[d)en Oberften .ertreter ber Ufrainifd}en ^icgicrnng einen %di ber 9xuffifdien Delegation, ©pciter entfanbte bie 9icgicrnng eine eigene 3)eIegation, mit ber aföbann bie ^rieben^öerbanblungen felbftänbig ge= [Translation.] Ukraine bases her national existence wliich has come to new life upon the Third Sovereign Manifesto of 20 November, 1917, by which the Central Rada in Kief has announced the estab- lishment of the Ukrainian Peo- ple's Republic. The national organization which had originally been thought of as part of a Rus- sian Federal Republic had aban- doned the federal conception through the Fom-th National ^Sovereign Manifesto of 24 Jan- uary, 1918, which declares the Ukrainian People's Republic as an independent, free, and sover- eign State, dependent on no one. On 1 February. 1918, the Ukrai- nian People's Republic has been recognized b}^ the authorized representatives of Germany, Aus- tria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Tur- key as an independent, free, and sovereign State which may con- clude independent international agreements. At the beginning of the peace negotiations in Brest-Litovsk, the representatives of the Ukrainian Government formed a part of the Russian delegation. Subse- quently, the Government sent its own delegation, with which the peace negotiations were then con- 49 50 THE UKRAINE PEACE. fü{)rt iuurben. T'anf ber fadi(td)en, nid}t auf "i^ropaflanba, fonbern auf eiue Unrfiidic ^-lun-ftaubiguug genrf)tetcu 63attuiu3 ber ufraiuifd)cu IDelegtcrteu gclaug eö iu furjcr 3ctt, über bte grofee 5lusfiW juux Xeil {)öd)ft öer^ undcttcr uub fd)n)icrtgcr S^'^Ö^n, bie ber crftc 5i"ic'5*^it^f^'i)hi[5 iu beui gegeu^^ lüärtigcn 3BcItfricg aufmarf, ju ciuer ©iuiguug ju foinuieu. 2lni 9. Jcfaruar 1918 Ijabeu bic 5?ertrctcr ber ^iscrbi'iubetcu 9iegierungen uiit beu 53ciioUuuid)tigtcu ber Uframi= fd)eu Sicgieruug beu Jriebeuc^Liertrag uuter',eid)uet. T'aniit inollteu bic iNer = tragfd)ücfeeubcu, iuie ber isertrag iu feiuer (Siulcitung betout, beu erfteu ®d)ritt tuu ^^u eiueni bauert)afteu, für alle Xeilc cbrcunollcu :i"ßcltfriebeu, ber uid}t uur beu od)rcrfuiffcu beö Äriege;* ein (Sube feljeu, fouberu aud) jur SBicbcrf)crftcl{uug ber freuubfd)aftüdieu iöesictjuugeu jiinfdieu beu iBötferu auf politifdicni, rcd)tlid)eni, linrtfd)aftUdiciu uub gciftigcui ©cbicte füt}reu foil. Sic 'i_^crl)aubluugcu umrbeu iu brei Äomiuiffioucu gcfiiljrt; ciucr politic fd)cu, eiuer unrtfd)aft(td)cu uub eiucr 9icd)töfouuuiffiou. Scr politifdicu iTomuiiffiou lag befoubcrö bie (Srörtc^ ruug ber (L^hTUjfrageu uub ber baniit iu 33erbiubuug ftel)eubeu tuuftigeu ©eflal^ tung ber poiitifd)eu 33e5icl)uugeu ^iin- fc^eu ber Ufraiuc uub ibreu '}Lad)baru ob. ®ie )üirtfdiaftUd)c .ifouiiulffiou l)atte bie ^löiebcraufuüpfuug ber öau- bel^^bc^iebuugcu, bic '.'tubalimiug beö (^3üterauötaufd)cci uaiueutücb für bie Ucbcrgaugi^.^cit uub bie ,'ocrftelhiug eiueö t3DvIäufigcu 63aubclesiiertragi5 jur öaupt = aufgäbe. T'ie ^ied)titerbunbei5 mit ber Ufraine einbcitlidi gcfdiloffcn uuirbe, unb oicr einzelne „Sufaljücrtrcige, Don bencn ber bentfdi-ufrainifdie 33ertrag am glcidicn Jage iDie ber ipauötoertrag untcrseidmet morben ift. :X)er vSpaupt- öertrag enthält aber aufjcr ben rein poti= tifdien 2[rti!eln aud) bad Grgebnid ber 35erl)anblungen ber mirifdiaftiidien Slom^ miffion, ba«? ^mar für bie einzelnen 9)?äd)te bed ^iicröunbcd 2onbcrbe[tim=^ mnngen entbält, aber im 2Öc[entUd)en nad) einbeitlid)en ©efidjtdpunften [eft= geftellt merbcn fonnte. T'agegen erga= hen fid) bei ben ^^'crbanbhmgcn ber 9ied)tdfommiffion infolge ber 53erfd)ie= bcnf)eit ber 9ied)tdfragen in ben eintet' neu öerbünbeten Räubern unb ihren ^23e^ gief)ungen gn bem bidberigen 9iuffifd)en 9icid)c berartig Unterfd)iebc, baf? ed geraten fd)icn, bie meiften ber Don it)r bebanbciten ©cgenftänbe für bie 3iM"fil5* ncrträgc öor5ube{)a(tcn. war prisoners and interned civil- ians, the subject of amnesty, tlie provisions for the repatriated as well as the matter of the treat- ment of merchant ships that had come into the power of the oppo- nent. Whilst in the economic and juridical questions special pro- visions were in many respects deemed necessary for the indi- vidual members of the Quadruple Alliance, the political questions, on the other hand, could be regu- lated onl}' in a manner that would be uniform to all the par- ties interested, in which respect Austria-Hungary was, as the near- est neighbor of the Ukraine, the power most interested. This con- sideration resulted in a division of the chief work into a general treaty, that is to say, the real Treaty of Peace which was con- cluded by the Powers of the Quad- .ruple Alliance with the Ukraine, and four separate supplementary treaties of which the German- Ukrainian treaty was signed on the same day as the chief treaty. But apart from the purely politi- cal articles, the chief treaty pre- sents as well the result of the nego- tiations of the economic commis- sion which, indeed, contains spe- cial provisions with regard to the distinct Powers of the Quadruple Alliance, but which in all essential respects could be determined from the point of view of uniformity. On the other hand, in consequence of the diversity of the juridical questions with regard to the indi- vidual allied countries and their relations to the former Russian Empire, the negotiations of the juridical commission led to such differences that it seemed advisa- ble to reserve the most of the sub- jects which it considered for the supplementary treaties. 52 THE UKRAINE PEACE.' T)a& öan.^c 3>crtrag8irerf unrb in hen nacl)ftciicnbcii ßvläuterungen nur fotiiett in iBetrad)t ae^ogcn, nd^ ee* für bie 58e= Sle{)unöcn ,^^unfd)eu T''eutld)fanb unb ber Ufrainc nin[]c3cbenb ift, löäf)renb bie politifdic ii^cbeutunci bc^ !i>crtrQgö für bie nnbcrcii iBierbunb^Smädite hier aihh jufd)eibcn Ijat. 5(ud) bie au^?!d){ief,Itd) bog ®eutfd)e 9ieid) betrcffenben iöeftim- mungen fönncn nur ^uni ^Teil für bie ^uftänbigfcit bcr gefcljöcbenben .^i5r- perfd}aftcu bc§ 9icid)^3 in 9lnfprud) ge= nonimcn merben; bennod) mirb ba^i gnnje SScrtrngSU^erf beni $^unbc§rat jur 3uftinnnung t)orgetcgt. T^enn incnn and) nad) '^frtifel II ber ?)ieid)-3= Dcrfaffung bcr (Vrieben^3fd)(uf3 eine "l^rn^ rogativc be^3 .ftai[cr^> ift, [o roürbe bod] bie 5tucifübrung bci5 'i^ertrage^fücrfe»? ben (Srinfe rcid)<^gc[etj(id)er 55orfd)riftcn er= forbcrlid) mndien, fofern nid)t feine 33c= ftimninngcn burd) bie S^ifi^iiitii^wig ber gefeijgebenbcn .^örperfdinften ofine tnei^ teree! Ocfct^eöfraft crbicltcii. i^u htn cin^^clnen ^Beftininiungen beö S^crtragömerfev^ ift fofgenbct- ,^u be* merfen: The entire construction work of this treaty will, in the following explanations, be considered only in so far as it is obligatory as be- tween Germany and the Ukraine, whilst the political significance of the treaty with regard to the other Powers of the Quadruple Alliance must be left unconsidered. Fur- thermore, the provisions exclu- sively concernmg the German Empire can be considered only in part with regard to the compe- tence of the law-making bodies of the Empire; nevertheless, the en- tire M ork connected with the con- struction of the treat}^ will be submitted for the approval of the Federal Council. For, although, in accordance with Article II of the constitution of the Empire, it is the prerogative of the Emperor to conclude peace, the carrying out of the treaty woiüd still require the promulgation of legal imperial ordinances, in so far as the provisions of the treaty did not receive legal force through the approval of the legislative bodies. The following is to be observed with regard to the separate pro- visions of the treaty: A. S)cr .*pciuptücrtrng jUnfdien ben 9?cr= bünbctcn9}?iid)tenunbbcrUfrninifd)en ^öolförepublif. 5{rtifet I. 5)urd) ben Gingang^artifel mirb bcr .^rtcg^^^nftnnb ^^unfdien ben 9}täd)ten b<^S 93ierbnnbc<3 cincrfcit^ unb ber llfraini^ fd)en 5>oIförcpubIif anberfeit^ nertrag^^ miifeig aufgeboben unb gleidii^eitig er=^ flart, ha\] in Bufn^^ft siuifd)cn ben öcrtrngfd)Iicf3enbcn Xcilen bcr ^^if^onb be^ 5-riebcn\5 unb bcr grcunbfd)aft f)errfd)en foil. S)arin liegt eincrfcits eine nod)mn!ige feierlid)e 5(nerfennung bcr ©clbftänbigfcit unb Unabbcingigfeit ber Ufrainc, onberfeit^ linrb ba^ neue THE MAIN TREATY BETWEEN THE ALLIED POWERS AND THE UKRAIN- IAN people's republic. Article I. Through the introductory arti- cle, the state of war between the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance, on the one hand, and the Ukrain- ian People's Republic, on the other hand, is contractually ter- minated; it also declares that in future peace and amity shall exist between the contracting parties. Therein, on the one hand, we find a further solemn recognition of the autonomy and independ- ence of the Ukraine, and on the MEMORANDUM TO REICHSTAG. 53 ©taat^mefen augbrücflid) in ben .ßreiö ber 9[)Jäd)te aufgenommen, mit benen !Deut[d)Ianb, Oefterrcirf) ^ Ungarn, iöut^ garien unb bie 3:;ürfci ben ?(uötaufd) geiftiger unb Unrtfdiaftlidier ÖHiter pflegen, \dk er ,5tr)ifcf)en ben ©liebern ber 33Dlferred}t^gcmeinfd)aft üblid) ift. 3)a6 SSort ^reunbfdiaft bebeutet hin nid)t 53ünbni3; tticlmcfir ^at bie ufrainifdie Delegation erfennen laffen, baf^ bie Ufraine an bem äßettfrieg ferner feinen Jeil nehmen, fonbern in bie ^ldi}^ ber neutralen äl^ädite eintreten iüolle! 5lrtifel II. !Die[er 3(rtifel bcfdiäftigt fid) mit ben ©renken beö Ufrainifdien ©taatcci, fo^ lücit fie bie 9}täd)te beö 5>icrlnmbe3 angel)en. !Die frülicren Cs)renk' fid)t§punftcn gu finben. Um Unbil^ lig feiten nad) 5){ög lid) feit ,^,u iier= mciben, babcn bie !isertragfd)lief]cnben Hon ber C'3ren5feftfeljung im einzelnen Slbftanb genontmen, unb l)aben nur allgemeine 3iid)tpunfte für bie etl)no* grapbifd)en S3crl)ältniffe angegeben unb unter ^erücffid)tigung ber Sßünfdje ber S3cöölferung foil bie (^^ren.Vlinie burdi eine gemifdjtc ,^ommiffion feftgcfetit werben. Slrtifel III. Um bem jungen Ufrainifd}cn ©taate einen ^emeii^ ibreö bcfonbercn 33er- trauen^ ju geben, l)aben ftd) bie 95er= bünbeten cntfd)loffen, mit ber ^läumung berienigen nadi 3lrtifcl 2 an bie Ufraine faltcnben C>^cbietc, bie jur other hand, the new national entity is expressly admittBd into the circle of Powers with which German_Y, Austria-Hungary, Bul- garia, and Turkey carry on an exchange of spiritual and eco- nomic goods, as is customary between the members of the in- ternational commimity. Amity does not, in this connection, mean alliance; rather, the Ukrain- ian delegation has let it be kno%\Ti, that the Ukraine no longer desires to take part in the world war, but desires to join the ranks of the Neutral Powers ! Article II. This article deals with the frontiers of the Ukrainian State, in so far as they concern the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance. The former Austro-Hungarian frontiers, with regard to Russia, shall continue intact as regards the Ukrainian People's Republic. In the agreements concerning the frontiei- line between the north, an attempt has been made to find a just settlement between the conflicting national and his- toric viewpoints. In order to obviate all unfairness, the con- tractmg parties have desisted from (letermining the details of the frontier line and have indi- cated but general directions to meet the ethnographic conditions, and under consideration of the wishes of the population the frontier Ime will be determined by a mixed commission. Article III. In order to give proof to the yoim^ Ukrainian State of their especial confidence, the allies have resolved to begin, immediately after the ratification of the Peace Treaty, the evacuation of those territories which, in accordance with Article II, go to the Uki^aine, 54 THE UKRAINE PEACE.' „Sett üon ben 9}HttcImäcf)tcn befetjt ftnb, uniiersüglirf) nad) ber Sxatififatiou be§ ^rieben^öertrngö ,511 beginnen. ©elb[t= öerftänblid) {)at bic 5>oIf^repnbIif gletd)= geitig bie Don ihr befetjten ©ebiete ber 9)tittelniäd)tc ju rännicn, "Die S)urd)= fü{)rung ber 9^JcUnnung, bic Don bent iDCtteren 5?er(anf ber .fh-ieg^creigniffc nid)t nnQbl)ängig fein fann/Unrb unter bie 5(uf[id)t ber i^etiolhnäd)tigten ber beteiligten 3}cäd)te geftellt. ?lrtifcl IV. (Sine ö'o'ße bcö Uncbereingetretenen griebcnci^uftanbcf? ift bic fofortigc ?(u[= nabme ber biptonintifdien unb fonfu(a= ri[d)en 53e,5ie{)ungcn. SUö felbftänbiger ©taat bat bie Ufraine bn^ ^}ied)t, Q^k' ftmbte bei hm Oberbäuptern ber bc= freunbeten Staaten ^u beglaubigen unb bereu ©efanbtc bei fid) ^u empfangen founc fonfularifdjc i^ertreter su befteUen unb su^nlaffen. (Vür bic ^licgclung ber fonfufarifdien 23e^,iebungen baben fid) bic Pertragfd){iei3enbcn -Teile gegenfcitig eine mi3glid)ft meitgebcnbc Siifaffuug Don .fi'onfuln jugcfidiert; bod) finb bier befonbere "i^ereinbarungen ?nnfd)cn ber Ufraine unb ben einzelnen iMerbunb^^ mäd)teu liorbebalten, ba mit ber i^er^ fd)iebcnartigfcit ber tatffid)lid;en iiun-:- i)ältuiffe gcredinet merben mufe. 3(rtifel V. ®ie üerbünbcten ::Dtäd)tc t)aben ber Ufraine gegenüber bai5 JricbeuvJangcbot aufredit erbaltcn, ba^ fie am 25. 'rc^,em= ber 1917 bem gefammten !'')iuf?(anb ge^^ mad)t batten; beun obluobf bai< ^fiu^ebot ben 33eitritt ber ebcnuiUgen ^unbe^3ge- noffen 9iuf5binbö su ben Jt'icbcn^ücr^ f)anbhiugcn noraucM'ct^Ue unb baf)er bei bereu illseigcrung biii!i'»eggcfanen ift, fo erfd)icu c& bod) angezeigt, bem cbrtid)en griebeu^siriinen ber Ufrainifd)en ilso(f^= republif feine fdjUiereren i^ebingungen ju but which at the time are occu- pied by the Central Powers. Of course, the People's Republic will ha\^e to evacuate at the same time those territories of the Cen- tral Powers which it occupies. The carrying out of the evacua- tion which must, however, be de- pendent upon the further devel- opment of war operations, is placed under the supervision of the Plenipotentiaries of the inter- ested Powers. Article IV. A consequence of the state of peace wliich has come about, is the immediate inauguration of di])lomatic and consular relations. As an independent State the Ukraine has the right to accredit envoys to the chiefs of the friend- ly States, and to receive their en- voys, as well as to appoint and to admit consular representatives. As regards the regulation of con- sular relations, the contracting parties have mutually insured to one another, admission of such representatives as far-reaching as possible; but in this matter spe- cial agreements are reserved between the Ukraine and the dis- tinct Powers of tlie Quadruple Al- liance, in view of the fact that the diversity of actual conditions must be taken into account. Article V. With regard to the Ukraine, the allied Powers have main- tained the peace offer which they made to the whole of Russia on 25 December, 1917; for although the offer was conditioned upon the joining of the former allies of Russia in the peace negotiations and nullified in conseci[uence of their refusal to do so, it seemed best, nevertheless, to impose no severer conditions upon tlie hon- est desire for peace on the part of the Ukrainian People's Republic MEMORANDUM TO EEICHSTAG. 55 [tcf(cn alö urfprimgUdi hi ^i(u6|id)t öc= nommen mar. Su biefen iöcbiiiQUiigen gel)örtc aber aud) bcr gegeiifeitige ikr= jid)t üi[\ bcu (Srfatj ber trlegesf often unb ^rieg§fd)äben. Ter llfraine gegenüber trifft ber Iser^jidit lüentger bnö Tcntfd)e 9ieid} alö bie Cefterreid)ifd) Ungarifdie 9D^onard)ie. Tie ^^egriffe ber .firieg^foften Unb bcr Äriegöfd)äbeu finb in bent 5Irtifc( genau beftimmt. ,3u ben .Uriegöfdiiiben finb aud) alle ^Requifitioneu gered)net, bie eine 9}2ad)t in bcm (3kbicte ber anberen nor^ genommen t)at. Tarauö ergibt fidi, baf5 nad) bem 3.1>icbereintritt beei (Vric= bcn^ fein i)ertragfd)(ici3enber Jci( bem anberen gegenüber oöiferred)tlid)c ?[n= fOrüdie anö Siequifttionen, bie biefer anf feinblidiem ©ebiete norgenommen [jat, bcrteiten fatm; t»ie(mef)r bleibt bie (änt= fd)äbigung ber Hon ben ^licqiiifitionen bc= troffcnen 2lngef)f)rigeu jebem 5>ertragiS= teil überlaffen. 9Hd)t berüf)rt mcrben Don biefer iöeftimmniig bie ^iiequifitio^ nen, bie feber Jeil in feinem eigenen Öebiete oorgenommen l)at unb felbft=^ 'oerftänblidi and) ben baöou betroffenen 5IngeI)5rigen beö anberen Xeite^? be= ?IrtifeI VI. ©ie Ontlaffung ber ,fj'rieg<5gefaugeuen in bie .'peimat fonnte bei ber ftarfen 5Umieidinng ber ©efangencn^aljten, bie sn)ifd)en ben einzelnen 93{äd)tcn be? ^^.icr^^ bnnbci? auf bcr 5(ftiti= unb ^^Htf fin feite {)errfdite/unb bei ber ^i'crfdiiebcnbcit ber 53eförberungö= unb "i^erfebr^Jlierbidtniffc nid)t eint)eitüd) geregelt inerben. 3m .^auptöertrag ift baber nur ber 0runb= fafe bcr 9^iüdfenbung in bie §eimat au^gefprod)en morben, mit bem !i^or= bcl)alt, baf5 etiuaigen SSünfdien bcr be- fangenen, in bem ^(ufeutbatt^ftaat ju bleiben ober fid) in ein anbereö ©ebict aU in bie frühere ipcinrnt ju begeben, 9?cd)nuug getragen mcrben faun. than had been orio;inally pro- posed. These conditions, how- ever, included the mutual renun- ciation to compensation for war expenditures and war damages. With regard to the Ukraine, this renunciation rests less heavily upon Germany than upon Aus- tria-Hungary. The conceptions as to war ex- penses and war damages are clearly defined in the article. In the war damages are included all requisitions made by one Power within the territory of tlie other. This results in the fact that upon the resumption of peace rela- tions no contracting party may present international claims arising from requisitions which the latter effected within enemy territory; rather, compensation for requisitions made of the par- ticular nationals, is left to the de- cision of each contracting party This provision does not affect the matter of requisitions which each party made within its ov\'n terri- tory and for which, of course, it must pay tiie nationals of the oth- er part}^ who liave been affected thereby. Article VI. The release of war prisoners to their homeland could not bo uni- formly regulated in view of the great difference in the number of prisoners existing between the distinct Powers of the Quadruple AUiance on the credit and debit side, and in view of the diversities in transportation and intercourse relations. In the chief treaty, only the basic principle, for the return of prisoners to their home- land is, in consequence, expressed with the reservation that possible desires on the part of prisoners to remain in the country in which they shall be or to go into a country other than their former homeland, may be taken into account. 56 THE UKRAINE PEACE.' 2lrtifel VII. S)er 3lrttfel VII trifft über bie ©eftaltung ber tinrtfd)aftüd)en 53es jielningeii ^ur Ufraine 33cftiinniung unb gerfiiltt in inel)rerc Xcile. 3iinäd)[t mirb burd) 3ifKi-* i ber Jßarenauötaufd) biö gum 31. 3uli 1918 Qcrecjett. T)ahd f)anbelte eö [id) baruni, für bie Don un^ in erfter ?inie benötigten ufrainifd)en (grjeugniffe folüie anbcrerfeit^S für bie SBarcn, ineldie bie Ufraine t»on ben 25iert)erbanböftaaten bringcnb belieben n)iH, eine niöglidift eiufadje nnb glatte 51bü)idhing tiorjufel}en. (So foHen ftaatUdi organifierte Steifen auf beiben ©citen hen SSarcnan^Staufci) ber n}id)tigften ©egenftänbe nerniitteln, fo' baf] biefcr nad) einem beftimmten ^lan, unter 53erücffid)tigung ber luirt^ fd)aftlid}en i^ebürfniffe ber beteiligten ©taatcn nnb unter i^crüdfid)tigung ber jemciligcn Xran^portlage, erfolgen fann. 5Iuf n3eld)e CSrscngniffe unb auf n)eld}e 5}cengen fid) bicfer jcntrnlificrtc 333arenauv3tanfd) ju erftreden bat, inirb beiberfcitö im gemeinfd)aft(id)en iBeneb== men burd) Äommiffionen feftgefe^t. ©o'lueit bicfc A^ommiffionen Hon einer 3entrali|iernng beS ^'ln;?tanfd)C{< ab^ feben, erfolgt and) fd)on initbrenb ber ,3eit bio jum 31. 3uU 1918 ber 63anbel im freien 33erfebr. ®ie '!}3reifc ber sentratifiert auö.^ntaufdieiiben SKarcn lüerben ebenfaüö burd) .ifommiffioncn au<3 alt itg liebern ber beiben Xeile feft= geftellt. 9Baö bie ikrred)nnng anlangt, fo )riirb bici'für a(ö ^^afiö bie alte ©olbre^ lotion ber beutfd)en ^Jtarf nub ber öfterreid)ifd)= ungarifd)en .Vfroncntuiib^ rung ju ber ruffifd)en ^)inbclniäbrung aufred)terbaftcn. Sabei ift an bie ©telle beö ruffifd)en C^^olbrnbelö nunmebr ber ®oIbfarbo)t)anicc getreten, bie nfrai* nifd)e !öe^eid)nung für bie bcm rnffifd)cn Sxubcl entfprcd)enbe äJtünje. Sic be= treffenbe 53eftimmnng, bie nur ben ^In^ t)altcipunft für bie ^erred)nung bitbet, bebeutet aber nid)t, baf3 bie bare %b^ Article VII. Regarding the form of eco- nomic relations with the Ukraine, Article VII adopts provisions and divides them into several parts. In the first place, Section I regulates the exchange of goods up to 31 July, 1918. It was desired in tliis respect to provide for a simple and an immediate settlement, as far as possible, with regard to the Ukrainian products of which we were in urgent need, and, on the other hand, with regard to those goods which the Ukraine desires to secure at once from the States of the Quadruple Alliance. Organized governmental places on both sides shall arrange for the exchange of the most important articles so that, by taking into •consideration the e(^onomic needs of the interested States and the transportation conditions of the moment, this exchange may take place in accordance with a definite plan. To what products and to what quantities of such products this centralized exchange of goods is to extend, will be determined in common agreement through com- missions. In so far as such com- missions take no account of a centralized exchange, commerce will be freely exercised in the interval up to 31 July, 1918. The prices of the goods offered for exchange will likewise be deter- mined by commissions composed of members of both parties. As regards the settlement, the old gold ratio of the German Mark and of the Austro-Hungarian Krone value to the Russian value of the Rouble remains the basis. Thereby the gold Karbowanjec, which is the Ulvrainian denomina- tion for the corresponding Russian Rouble, has taken the place of the Russian gold Rouble. The partic- ular provision which forms but the basis for the settlement does not, however, mean that the set- MEMORANDUM TO REICHSTAG. 57 gleid)inig in @oIb ju erfolgen ^aben totrb. .Spieriibcr bleibt inelmcfir ein (Sintiernefimen ber ufrainifd)en unb beut[d)en J-inanjftetten borbel^alten, 3n ,3iffer II, 'öudiftabe A unb Biffcr III [inb bie ©runblagcn entljalten, auf benen [tcb fernerf)in bio jum 5lbfd}luf^ cineö befinitinen .f)anbcfötiertragg ber beutfcb=ufrainifdic 2Sareniierfef)r ab^ inrcfeln foK. 3)iefeö ^IH-oinforiunt ift boppcit begrenjt. (S^ gitt bi^ jum %h= fdjiufe eineö enbgültigen .*panbclöt)er= trag^, ber fpätcften^ fed]ö 9}ionate und) 5lbfd)iut3 bcö 5'i^^cben^ mit ben euro- päifdien ©taaten, ben ^bereinigten 'Btaa^ ten oon 5(merifa unb 3apttn erfolgen fott. (So ift aber meiter norgefeben, bajj int beiberfeitigen Gintierftänbniei eine S3erlängerung bei? ^^^rotnforiumö ftatt=^ finben fann, ha^ aber and), fate ber 3(bs fd){ufe eine« enbgültigen v^panbetööertragö nid)t biv3 jum 30. 3uni 1919 erfolgt fein foHte, jeber S^eil ba^ 9ied)t I)at, eine Äünbigung be^ ^]3rot)iforiume! mit fed}g= monatiger g'^'ift Oorjunebmen. $ßa^ bie einzelnen S3eftimmungen beö '^\rot)iforiumö anlangt, fo ift eS im lüefentlidjen gelungen, hm biäl)erigen beutfd)=rufitfd)en öanbelötiertrag üon 1894/1904 cinfd)liefelid) ber 55ertrag^= tarife A (ruffifi^er Slarif) unb B (beutfd)er Xarif) aufredjt^uertieUcn. ©oineit einjelne 33eftimmungen nid)t erneuert morben finb, erflärt fid) ha& tdl-& barau^, ha\^ bie Ufrainc feine ge= nteinfamen ©renjen mit unö f)at unb ba^er 2(breben, bie barauf begrünbet lüaren, gegenftanböloö geworben finb, tcilö barauf, ha^ bie ufrainifd)en Unter= bänbler iöebenfen trugen, eingct)enbe SSerpflidjtungen ju übernebmen, obne nod) ein flareS 5öi(b über bie fünftige innere Crganifation unb ben 3lufbau tlement is to be effected in actual gold. In this respect an agree- ment between the Ukrainian and German financial institutions is reserved. In Section II, Sub-Section A, and in Section III we find the bases in accordance with which from now on until the conclusion of a defini- tive commercial treaty, the Ger- man-Uki"ainian traffic in goods shall be carried on. This proviso is limited in two ways. It will hold until after the conclusion of a final commercial treaty which is to take place at the latest, six months after the con- clusion of peace with the Euro- pean States, with the United States of America, and with Ja- pan. It has, however, been fur- ther provided that by mutual un- derstanding an extension of the proviso may take place, but also in case the conclusion of a final commercial treaty were not con- summated by 30 June, 1919, each party shall have the right to denounce tlie proviso within a period of six months. With regard to the particular provisions of the proviso, it was, in all essentials, possible to main- tain the Russo-German commer- cial treaty of 1894-1904 ^ which has hitherto existed, inclusive of the contractual tariffs A (Rus- sian tariff) and B (German tariff).^ In so far as particular provisions have not been renewed, this is explained partly by the fact that the Ukraine has no common fron- tiers with us, and, in consequence, conversations that had been had in view of that basis, have become without purpose, and partly on the ground that the Ukrainian negotiators were unwilling to assume absolute obligations with- out a clear view concerning the future internal organization and 1 86 British and Foreign State Papers, pp. 442, 449, 482; 97 British and Foreign State Papers, p. 1040; see infra, pp. 87 fl. 2 97 British and Foreign State Papers, pp. 1056, 1080. 58 THE UKEAINE PEACE. ht^5 iifralnl[d)en ©taat^sipefcuö ju f)aben. 3u ber Einlage ift ber 3:ej:t be^ alten beutfd)=ruf)"i[d)cn .s^aiibelöDcrtragö su= faniinengeftcUt, mic er fid) auö bem grtcben{erbinbung mit ber (Erneuerung beS iBertragötarifei A. i^ierburdi toirb unfer .'panbel gegen bie cttnaige 9JiögUd)feit einer Über^ fpaunung be^^ ufrainifd)en 3ollfbftem^ n3irffani gefdjütjt. ^üx Gifenerj ift bie 5üb?fubrjonfreibeit im toitjung^proto^ foil auöbrütf(id) fcftgelegt. ®amit bürfe einem bringenben Üöunfdic ber oberfd)lefifd)en 3nbuftrie $Ked)nuug ge= tragen fein. !föaö bie 43eftimmuugcn über bie 9)?ciftbcgünftigung anlangt, fo finb auö bem bieibcrigen ^Irtifel II beö beutfd) = ruffifd)en .^anbeloertragS bie Sluönabmeu für ben fleinen ©renjper^ febr unb bie jollgecinten C^'iebiete (biefe unter gleid)5eitiger iBeral(gemeinerung) beibel)a(ten morbeu. dagegen finb bie bi^bengcn Slu^nabmen pgunftcu ber afiatifd)eu ©ebiete u. f. M\ in ilBegfalt gefomnien. the development of the Ukrainian commonwealth. In the appen- dix will- be found the text of the old Russo-German commercial treaty as it affects the Ukraine in consequence of the Peace Treaty of Brest-Li to vsk; the provisions which in future shall lose their force with regard to the Ukraine are indented and written in single space. As to certain details, the fol- lowing is to be noted: Articles 1 to 19 of the old treaty are in the main reestab- lished. In Articles 5 and 10, the transit limitations that have heretofore prevailed and by which our commerce, especially to Per- sia has been greatly obstructed, have been abrogated. The new text of the second paragraph of the former Article 5 is merely interpretative, and the material scope of the article has undergone no change. The retention of the general Russian Customs Tariff of 1903' in connection with the renewal of the contractual tariff A is of im- portance. Thereby our commerce is protected effectively against a possible, undue extension of the Ukrainian customs system. Free- dom to export iron ore is expressly stated in the protocol of the sitting. This may possibly meet an urgent demand of the part of the Upper Silesian industries. As regards the provisions deal- ing with the most favored treat- ment, the exceptions for the petty frontier traffic and terri- tories belonging to a customs union of Article II of the exist- ing Russo-German commercial treaty have been maintained. On the other hand, the exceptions which hitherto prevailed to the advantage of Asiatic territories, etc., have been abrogated. 1 iVew) General Cmtoms Tariffs for the European Frontiers of Russia, British Parliamentary Papers, {1903) Cd. 1525. MEMOKANDUM TO REICHSTAG. 59 2)er frühere ^Irtifet 12a, ber ben ©c^ii^ bt& Url)eberrec()tö an SSerfen ber Literatur, ,f un[t unb ^f)otograp{)ie betrifft, mar gcgenftanböloö gcinorben, inbem bie barm gegebene ^ufageburd) 2Ibfcf)luf5 be^ S^ertrag^o öoni 28. Jebruar 1913 erfüllt tuorben mar. 3)urct) bie jetjige ^^affung mirb biefer le^tere 9?er= trag mieber in Äraft gefetjt. ®ag gleidje gefdjiel^t für bie frübere 93erein= barung über ben gcgenfeitigen ®d}u^ ber SSarenbejcidmungen. ^m @d)InfiprotofoH finb folgenbe Slenberungen beröorsn^cben: 1. 3m >£d)Infeprotofon 1. 3:eil ju Slrtifel 12 finb jmar bie biöl)erigen Slbreben über bie @Ieid)fte(hing d)rift= Iid)er unb iübifd)er .^anblung^reifenber geftrid)en morben; eö ift bie^ aber nur beöt)alb erfolgt, meil bie !tBerfaffung ber Ufraine feinerlei Unterfd)ieb ber 9ieIigionen fennt. «Seiten^ ber ufraini^ fd)en Unterbänbler ift aueibrüdlid) feft== geftellt Sorben, ha\^ burd) biefe ®trei= d)ung in feinerlei SBeife eine unter= fd)ieblic^e S3et)anblnng d}riftlid}er unb iübifd)er §anb(nngöreifenber begrünbet werben foU. 2. 3m ©dilu^protofolt p Slrtifel 5 ift ber letzte ^^Ibfai?, ber bie 5Iu^fuI)r öon rotiem unb bcbauenem .Spolj betraf, ouf ufrainifd)ed i^erlangen geftrid}en lüorben, 3)ieö erfd)cint unbebenf(id), bo bie Ufraine alö ^otjüeferant für un« nic^t in 33etrad}t fommt unb subem bort bie (5infüt)rung eineö 2lng= fut)rjolleö für v^^olg nid}t ^u gewärtigen ift. 3. ®ebr nn($tig ift, bafj bie bi^= f)erigen ^eftimmungen im ©c^Iufe= protofoll äu 5(rtifel 5, 6, 7, 9 unb 10 aufred)terbalten finb, tnoburd) eine 3)ifferensierung glnifdjen ©ee anb §anb= sollen auögefd)Ioffen mirb. 4. 3)ie ®d)Iu§protofoII=^eftimmun=- gen gu SIrtifel 13 unb ju 3IrtifeI 19 finb nic^t n)ieberf)ergeftellt toorben. S)er The former Article 12a dealing with the protection of copyrights in works of literature, art, and photography had become without purpose, because the engagement therein entered into had been made good by the conclusion of the treaty of 28 February, 1913.^ Through the present text this latter treaty is again put into force. The like is done with re- gard to tlie former agreement concerning the reciprocal protec- tion of trademarks. In the final protocol the fol- lowing changes deserve attention: 1 . in Part I of the final proto- col to Article 12, the agreements hitherto come to concerning the equal footing of Christians and Jewish commercial travelers have been stricken; this was done, liowever, only because the consti- tution of the Ukraine makes no difference in faiths. On tlie part of the Ukraine negotiators it has been expressly stated that through this commission, no dif- ferential treatment, in whatever manner between Cliristian and Jemsh commercial travelers can be made. 2. In tlie final protocol to Article 5, the last paragraph deal- ing with the exportation of un- dressed and dressed lumber, has been stricken at the request of Uki'aine. This seems unobjec- tionable because the Ukraine as a furnisher of lumber does not affect us and, in addition, be- cause the introduction of an ex- portation duty for lumber is not there to be granted. 3. It is very important that the former provisions in the final protocol to Articles 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 have been retained be- cause a differentiation between maritime and land duties is thereby excluded. 4. The provisions to Articles 13 and 19 in the Final Protocol have not been reestablished. In so far 1 107 British and Foreign State Papers, p. 871. 60 THE UKRAINE PEACE. ©ruub liegt, [olueit ?lrtlfel 13 in g^rngc fommt, bavin, ba^ bic fraglichen iöe= [timmuugen in crftcr I'inic auf bic ^?er* tiältuiffc an bcr alten beutfcf)=ruffifff)en ©renge jngefdnutten lüaren nnb bie ©renken bcr Ufraine inx 3Seftcn unb 9Kn'ben nodi jn unbeftimntt finb, al^ baf? bie ufrainifd)cn llnterliilnbler 3?er- ))ftid)tungcn in biefer 9iid)tung über= ne[)men tonnten, bie mög{id)emieife einer fpäteren bcfonbcrcn ^Vereinbarung über bie 53innenfd)iffalirt im Sege gcftanben t)ätten. SBa^ bic (Sifenbai^nfragc anfangt (©d)Iu|3protofol( SU ?h-tifct 19), fo ift nur ber erfte ^(bfatj ber bii5f)erigen ^c= ftimmungen übernommen morben, an bcn fid) bie Grrflärung anfd)Iie[3t, bic ©ifcnbabnfragcn im (Sinselnen burd) ein ©onbcrübcreinfommen fpittcr regeln ju motten. ®cr ('»Hninb für biefe iöe^ fd)ränfung lag barin, baf? bic ufraini= fd)cn llnterl)änbler ju uienig cifenbaf}n= tcd)nifd)c J-adjfesmtnifjc bcfafjen, um bie Sragtneitc ctnmiger U)citcrgcf)cnbc ißer- pflid)tungcn übcrfcl}cn ^u fönncn, an* bcrcrfeiti^ aber erft nadi geftigung ber inneren !l^crbäftniffc ber Ufraine bie ent= ftebcnben 53ebürfniffe flarcr jutage tre= ten lücrben, fo ha\] ec* jluccf maf^ig crfd)ien, at^bann burdi ein ©onberübcrcinfom- men bicfcn -Bcbürfniffen 9ied)nung gn tragen. 9iid)t untücfentUd) iit hahd, baf5 bie Ufraine beabfiditigt, mög(id)ft- balb if)r tSifenbaftunetj auf n)C!tcuro= päifd)c ®pur umsunagcin, mobnrdi bcr 93erfef)r ber Ufraine im "i^ertiältuiv^ Su 9}titteIcuropa belebt unb in neue 9i'id)= tungen gclenft lucrben bürfte. T)tv 4. TTcil be^ -SdiluBprotofoKS gum alten bcutfd)n*uffifd)en .'panbeleiöer^ trag regelte bi^^ber 35erfct)r!Öiiert)nItniffe an ber gemcinfamen bcutfd)=rufftfd)en ©rcnje fomie gelinffe (Srfd)Uicrungcn, bie fid) auö bcr ruf|ifd)en ^oHprayiei im ^aufe bcr „St^it ergeben flatten. Soineit as Article 13 is concerned, the reason for this is that the provi- sions in question were in the first place adapted to the conditions on the old Russo-German fron- tier and the boundaries of the Ukraine in the west and north are still too indelinite to permit the Ukrainian negotiators to assume obligations in this respect, obliga- tions which might possibly come into conflict Math subsequuent special agreements regardmg in- terior navigation. As regards the railroad ques- tion (Final Protocol to Article 19), only the first paragraph of the former provisions has been retained, with the explanation to the end that the railway ques- tions will be settled later on in detail in a special agreement. The reason for this restiiction is foimd in the fact that the Ukrain- ian negotiators were but little informed about technical railway matters to permit them of over- looking the importance of possi- ble far-reaching obligations, while after the consolidation of internal conditions of the Ukraine, the future needs will appear in clearer light, so that it appeared advisa])le to take such needs into account in a special agreement which would then be concluded. It is not unimportant to remark that the Ukraine intends, as soon as possible, to change her railway system into one that will corre- spond with that of western Eu- rope, by which mtercourse of the Ukraine in relation to Middle- Europe might be stimulated and started into new directions. The fourth part of the final protocol to the old Russo- German Commercial Treaty has hitherto regulated the traffic rela- tions along the common Russo- German frontier, as well as cer- tain difficulties which in the course of time had arisen in the Russian customs practice. In so MEMOEANDUM TO REICHSTAG. 61 bic gcmciiifanien ©renjöerlKiltiiiffc in g-ragc faiiicn, mußten biefe 33eftiiit= niungen ber llfratne gegenüber meg^' fallen, bagegen fiub in ber ipauptfadje alle jene Slbreben aufred)terf)alteu Wov^ ben, bte bie BoHpraybJ. betreffen. 3n Suffer IV beö ^riebenSbertrag^ ift eincrfeit^ norgcfcüen, ba§ bie 5?erein= barungcn, bic ctma fpilter auf Wrunb eine§ Sottbünbiiiffeö ,^iüi[d)en 3)eulfd)= lanb unb Ceftcrrcid)4lngarn erfolgen, ntd)t unter bie SOiciftbegilnftigung fallen fotlen. (Sbenfo fotlen auö bcm iü(cift=: &egünftigung'3red)t au^gcfd)Ioffen bleiben bie fpäteren ?(nfd)(üffe unniittc(bar ober mittelbar angren^enber britter -Staaten QU ein berartige«^ BoUbünbni-;?. ^'luf ber anberu ©e'tte fiub tion ber SDteiftbegünftigung auögeuommeu bie 23egünftigungen, incld^e fid) für bic Ufraine auf ©runb eines go^^^üub^ niffeg mit einem uumittclbar ober mittelbar angrcnjenben \^aubc ergeben. 5öci biefer ^cftimmung muffte be= rücffid)tigt luerben, bafj bie !i?er()ält= uiffe in 9iufelanb möglitf)ern)eifc im 'i^aufc ber ,8cit uod) baju füf)ren »ücrben, i>a\^ bic einzelnen rnffifdjcn 1'eilftantcu, felbft ftienn fie felbftänbig bleiben, fid) unter bem Srurf ber »i)irtfd)aftlid;cn 9?otiiienbigfeit gu einem ^oHbunb su= fammeufd)(ie^en. 3n ,3iffcr V beS JriebenSnertragö ift ^sorforgc bafür getroffen, bafj im neutralen ?ln<5lanb lagernbe, mit einer !^erb(eiböftaufel (b. b- bem 3>erbote ber SÖeiterneräufierung au bie frieg-- fübrenbeu feinb(ic[)en Staaten) belegte Jßaren Oon biefer Älaufel befreit unb baburd) bem freieu S3crfel)r lieber ^ugängtid) gemad)t U">erbcn fönnen. S)ie iöeftimmung l)at infofern 53e= beutuug, ak^ bcrartige mit einer Älaüfcl belegte Sparen, iuSbefouberc in ®fan= binainen, niclfad) bereite burc^ .iiauf beutfd)eö Eigentum geluorben fiub. 85700—18 5 far as the common frontier rela- tions came into question, these provisions had to be abandoned with regard to the Ukraine, while on the other hand, and in a gen- eral way, all these agreements have been maintained with regard to the customs practice. In No. IV of the Peace Treaty it is provided, on the one hand, that the agreements which may possi- bly at a later period be entered into on the basis of a customs- imion between German}- and Austria-Hmigary, shall not come under the provision of the most favored treatment. Likewise the later adhesions, direct or indirect, of third States bordering upon such a customs union are ex- cluded from the privileges of the most favored treatment. On the other hand, there have been excepted from the most favored treatment those prefer- ences which, concerning the Ukraine, result on the basis of a customs union with a country directly or indirectly bordering thereon. Consideration had to be given in this matter to the possible fact that relations in Rus- sia may in the course of time create such a situation that the distinct Russian component States, even in case they should remain independent, may, under the pressure of economic neces- sity, form into a customs alliance. In No. V of the Peace Treaty care has been had to the effect that goods that have been seized and are stored abroad may be released from the prohibition of- reselling to the belligerent enemy States and thereby make it pos- sible to engage in free passage. The provision is important only because goods held under such a clause, held especially in Scandi- navia, have already in many cases become, through purchase, Ger- man property. 62 THE UKEAINE PEACE. Hrtifel VIII. ■D'cefcr 5lrHfeI führt btcjeuigcu S^'^öcn auf, bie burrf) (S'lnsclocrtrilgc bcr ^i?ier= bunbmäditc mit bcr llfuainifificn ^^olti^ rcputiUf gereöclt Uicrben foHcn. ©abei riDirb au^briiiflid) IjcrOorcicboben, baf? auci) bic ,3ufal3'ocrträgc einen lüefent^ lidien 53cftanbteil bcei 5^'icbcn^üertragö bilben unb, foirtcit bicö irgenb tunlid) ift, gemein fdiaftlid) mit if)m in ^raft treten foKcn. ^m ben bcutfd)en 3ii^ fa^Oertrag trifft bicfc l^orau^ifeljung jn. 5lrtife( IX. Urn flarjuitcncn, baf^ bie oertrag^^ fd)lief;cnben Xcxk bic einzelnen 33e= ftimmungen bc^^ 5yi'icbcn>^t)ertrag^? mit (ginfd)Iuf5 berienigcn ber ,Biiffit?''-''ei'= träge nicbt in ber ^Beife bebanbcin biirfen, aU$ banbcle eo fid) urn cine ©ammtung felbftftiinbiger (Sia^elt)cr= tröge, loirb auöbrüdUd) beftimmt, baß bie in bem griebcndliertrnge getroffenen SSereinbarungen ein unteitbnrc'S ©an^cei bilben. Sie 3^Hd)tcrfüUnng einer 53e^ ftimmung, bic jugunftcn ber einen 3>cr= trag^partci getroffen ift, iuiirbc nlfo t)itn l^artci bcredUigen, bic i5rfüttung ciiicr jugunften ber anbcren i^crtragct^ tiartei getroffenen ^eftimmnng ,^nrürf> ^ubattcn., and) luenn bic beibcrfcitigen .gufageii nid)t nnf bemfclbcn Wcbicte liegen. ?(rtifel X. 3)cr (VvicbcnöDertrag ift mcbrfprad)ig abgcfd)(of5cn iDorbeu. Gei gibt feinen auöfd)lief?tid) mn^gebcnbcn ^eitrag-S^^ tejt; nielmebr finbeu fid) ale; gleidibe^ reid)tigte XcxM "^^^ beutfd)c, bcr nngari= fd)e, bcr bu[garifd)e, ber türfifd)c unb ber iifrainifd)e nebencinanbcr. S)amit ift aber nidjt gefagt, baf3 für »cbe ber tier= tragöfd)liei3enbcn 9Jtad)te altc fünf Xc^tc in gieid)a- S33cife mcifigebcnb iDareu; Article VIll. . This article refers to those questions which are to be settled by separate treaties of the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance with the Ukrainian People's Republic. In this connection it is expressly declared that the supplementary treaties form an essential part of the Peace Treaty, and, in so far as is practicable, that they shall simultaneously go into force with the latter. This condition ap- plies to the German supple- mentary treaty. Article IX. In order to make it clear that the contracting parties may not deal with the distinct provisions of the Peace Treaty, inclusive of those of the supplementary trea- ties, in such a manner as though they constituted a collection of separate treaties, it is expressly specified that the agreements come to in the Peace Treaty form an indivisible whole. Non-ful- fillment of a provision agreed to in the interest of one of the parties to the Treaty, would, therefore, confer upon this party the right to withhold fulfillment of a provision in favor of the other party to the Treaty, even in case the mutual arrangements were not coming within the same sphere. Article X. The Peace Treaty has been drafted in several languages. There is no text of the Treaty which may be considered as ex- clusively authoritative; rather, the German, the Hungarian, the Bulgarian, the Turkish, and the Ukrainian texts are on a parity. This does not mean, however, that all five texts are equally authoritative for each of the MEMORANDUM TO REICHSTAG. 63 öielme{)v beftiinnU ber 5(rtiicl X, bafj für bie 93c:^te{)UUficn 5VDi|rf)cn ber Ufroinc ctnerfeitö unb bcn eingdneu 93ierbunbS- mä(f)tcn anbererfeit^ leiüeilö nur ber u!rainiftf)e unb ber für bcn auberen 3Sertrag^?teiI gültige ®pacf)tei-t ju-- grunbe ,^it (egcu ift. 5ür bie33e,^icf)ungeu smifdien ^eutfd)= lanb unb ber llfraine fomnie eö fnernad) mtSfrfiHeF^lidi auf ben beutfd)en unb ben ufrnini|cf)en Jeyt an. (ärgcbcn fidi bei ber ^Inlnenbung 3[öiberfprüdic jnnfdjen ben beibcn Xe;rten, fo iuürben biefe burc^ ein ,Bui'ürfgc(}cn auf ben ^'^nbalt ber !öerf)anb(ungcn in 93re[t^Sitolüv?f jn (Öfen fein. 3)abei n)irb fid) adcr "öor^ au^3fid)t nadi ber bcutfd)e Xcrt aud) in bell 'Bcjiebungen mit ben übrigen 35ier= bunb^^ftaaten als befonberö n3id)tig berau^iftedcn, ba bie beutfc^en (SntlDürfc ben 33crbanblungen jugrunbe lagen unb ber beutfdic 2:ert alö ber juerft 'oo((en= bete bell ©egeuftanb ber (Sinigniuj bi(^ bete. Sd^lutjbeftinunnng. 3)ie Siatifi^ierung beö griebenöt>er=^ trag§ mu^te fd)on beöi)alb borgefeben werben, wdi a\k beteiligten 9icgie= rungen ben 53ertrag if)ren gefetjgebenben .förperfd)aften t)or(egen i-üollten. SU« Ort für hm 5luStaufii) ber 9tatififa= tionöurfunbeii ift Sien geinäbit Sorben, unb '^\vav nid)t nur mcgen feiner geo= grapbifdicn Cage, fonbcrn aud) be^^fjalb, U)eil an ben politifdjen 53eftiinmungen Oefterreid)=Ungarn t)auptfäd)[idj betei^ ligt Uiar. B. contracting parties. On the contrary, Article X states that for the relations between the Ukraine, on the one hand, and the particular Powers of the Quad- ruple Alliance, on the other hand, only the Ukrainian text, and the text valid for the other party to the Treaty shall each time be decisive. For the relations between Ger- many and the Ukraine, the Ger- man and the Ulcrainian texts are therefore exclusively authorita- tive. If in the application of these texts, contradictions arise, these would have to be settled by turning to the contents of the negotiations in Brest-Litovsk. In all probability, the German text will be of special importance in the relations with the other States of the Quadruple Alliance, because the German drafts formed the bases of the negotiations, and because the German text, which was first completed, presents the subject of the agreement. FINAL PROVISION. The ratification of the Peace Treaty had to be foreseen if for no other reason than that all interested Governments desired to submit the Treaty to their legislative bodies. Vienna has been chosen as the place for the exchange of the ratification acts, not merely because of its geo- graphic situation, but also be- cause Austria-Hungary took chief place in the political provisions. B. 'Der T)eutfd)=Ufrati!ifd)c Rufaüncrtiag. ©iefer Bufat^Pcrtrag juni 5"^'teben§= Hertrag bebanbeit in neun .fi'apitein bie 5Iufnai)me ber fonfu{arifd)en 53e^iel)un= gen,, bie 9.\>iebcr[)erftellung ber ®taat6= THE GERMAN-UKRAINIAN SUP- PLEMENTARY TREATY. In nine chapters, this supple- mentary treaty to the Peace Treaty deals with the inaugura- tion of consular relations, the reestablishment of political trea- 64 THE UKRAINE PEACE. nertrcigc, bte 933icbcrf)crftenuru] ber "*]3ri= t)atred)te, ben Srfa^ für ,Biöil'[rf)«ben, bell ^^hiötaufdi ber .ß'rteg^gcfnngcnen iinb 8it)tUnternicrten, bie güvforge für 9iü(Jlnaiibercr, bie ?(ninc[tte, bie 33e= banbhr.io ber in bie @eiün(t bcö (^kgnerö geratenen .flanfia[n'teifc{)iffe unb ber ^ssdiiffC^fabnngen unb bie Scf){ufifae[tim= munnen. J)ie einzelnen '?irtife{ [inb [0 gefaxt, bnfe fie im nicfcntlidien oftne Weitere ödänterung ücrfiänblid) fein bürfen; bod) foflen ,^n ben und)tigftcn ilkftimmungen nod) einige 33cnicrfungcn genuidit mcrben. (Srfteö taöitel. 3)ic 5lufna[nne ber fonfn(ari[tten "iM-- jief)ungen ift im ©inne be^ i'tauöttier^^ tragö möglid)ft mcitgehenb gebadit, fo baf^ bie beibcrfeitigen .fjonfnin grunb= \ai}i{i1) überall .^uge(a[fen incrben muffen. ^^(u^genommen finb nnr foldie l^lätje ober ('''»efcictciteile, Wo crheblidie ^Tcile ber ■^^eüölfernug nidit bie allgemeine ^v'anbc5-= fpradjc fj3red)en unb Wo bcöl)a(fc fd)on nor bem .ft'riege feine .flonfnln jugelaffen njaren; biefen ^>orbe{)aIt fanii aber jeber 33ertragciteil bem anberen gcgen= über nur infoiueit geltenb niadicn, aU bie ^iudnaljme audi gegenüber jeber britten djladjt aufreditcriialicn n-irb (?lrtifet I 2Ibf. 1). Ucbcrbieö muf,te 3?orforge getroffen inerbcn, baf? mäbrciib ber i^ortbauer bei^ ilöeltfricgc^ gcmiffe bon it)m befonberi? betroffene Gebiete be^ einen 3leile^ ben .fjonfuln bec; anberen 3letleö big jum allgemeinen gi'icben i)cr= fdjtoffen bleiben Fönnen (?lrtife( I ?(bf. 2). T)'k ®d)nben, bie Inäbrenb bei? beutfd)-ruffifd)cii .Vlriegeö beiitfd)en Äon^ fuln in ber Ufraine ober ruffifdjen .fonfuln ufrainifd)er iperfunft in S)eutfc^Ianb jugefügt tuorben finb, ties, the reestablishement of private rights, compensation for civihan damages, the exchange of war prisoners and interned civihans, provision for those re- turned home, amnest}^, treatment of merchant ships and cargoes that have come into the power of the opponent, and the final pro- visions. The separate articles are so expressed that in all essential respects they should bo readily- comprehensible without any fur- ther explanation; still, to the most important provisions, a few observations shall here follow. First Chapter. The inauguration of the con- sular relations is conceived in the broadest possible manner, in the sense of the chief treaty, so that the respective consuls are, in principle, to be admitted every- where. Exception is made only with regard to such places or territorial regions, where con- siderable bodies of the popula- tion do not speak the common national language, and where, on that account, and even before the war, no consuls were received; however, each contracting party can only avail itself of this reser- vation in respect to the other party, in so far as the exception is equally enforced in respect of every third Power (Article I, Paragraph 1). Apart from this, care had to be exercised to the end that while the worhl war continues, certain territories of the one party which are partic- ularly affected may remain closed, up to the time of general peace, to the consuls of the other party (Article I, Paragraph 2)- Damagos occasioned during the Pusso-German war to German consuls in the Ukraine, or to Rus- sian consuls of Ukraine origin in Germany, shall be mutually in- MEMORANDUM TO REICHSTAG. 65 follen bcibcrfeitö erfcijt mcrbeii. T)abd begrüubet c5 feinen llutcrfd)icb, ob bie ©d)äben tion ben [tnatlid)en Organen be^> ®ebtet{? ober öon ber iöeöölfernng i.ier=^ ur[ad)t morben [inb; e^ genügt, bafe bie fdjäbigenbe öanbhmg üölferred)tg=^ mibrig nic{tung luaren, loort- getreu mitzuteilen ('Hrtifel 3 'Hbf. 2); ein 5>erseid)nie* ber biernad) in iöetracbt fommenben l^erträge folgt alö Einlage. 3eber 2lei( t)at bann fed)ö SOconate grift, um bie 33ertragöbeftitnmungen ^u begeid)nen, bie er mit 9^iücffid)t auf demnified. It makes no differ- ence in this connection whether the damages were occasioned by the national authorities of the territory or by the population; it suffices that the act which caused the damage was against interna- tional law. The ol)ligation to indemnify includes damages of all kinds; it extends even to the damage caused consular buildings and consular movable property (Article 2). Second Chapter. The reestablishment of political treaties forms the basis for the re- sumption of normal legal rela- tions between the two contracting parties ; in the course of the nego- tiations tliis matter presented certain difficulties, because the Ukrainian delegates were but in- sufficiently acquainted with the treaties conchided by the Czar's Government, and also because in view of the hostile relations with the Government of the bolsheviki, they could not procure the neces- sary information from the Petro- grad archives. If, in spite there- of, the principle of the reestab- lishment of these political treaties was accepted (Article 3, Para- graph 1), certain reservations had, nevertheless, to be made. In the first place, the German Government assumed the obliga- tion to communicate to the Ukrainian Government, within a defhiite time, and in very exact phraseology, all Russo-German treaties, agreements, and conven- tions, in so far as they were stiU in force at the outbreak of the war (Article 3, Paragraph 2); a list of the treaties, on the strength of what has been said, appears, therefore, as an annex. Each party has then six months' time to indicate the treaty provisions whiclr in consideration of the 66 THE UKRAINE PEACE. blc ?tenbcruiui ber *i^er!)ältniffe für Oeraltet halt unb iiidit qelten laffen iüitt (?(rtifcl 4 m\. 1). ©arduffiin foil cine Äoinmiffion bic alö Veraltet bejcicftncten iBcftuunmiiöcn biirdi geit- gemnjsc '-öeftbuimmöcu erfcljcn; oelingt ihr bic^^ iüd)t binnen bcftinunter $i'M'^ fo ift jebeni Jeile ein i^iud-'lritt^^redit öorbchnlten. iJlUrb ba^:^ 9vücftritt§red]t nur für einzelne ^Bcftiinnningcn eine§ 33ertrag^> ausgeübt, fo fnnn ber anbere Jeil t)on beni ganjeii 3>ertragc surü(f= treten, n)ei( fonft jebcr Xeil fid) baranf befd)ränfen fönnte, bic bem nnbercn günftigen ii^eflininiungen nuf^nticbcn (^•tifel 4 ^>(bf. 2). •i^cfonbere Siegeln iuarcn für bie fogenanntcn A{ ollcf tiültcrtrngc erförber= lid). ®old)e ^-yerträge finb nad) ber 9luffaffnng ber 3^eutfd)en 9icgierung bnrd) ben .Thicg nid)t aufgebobcn, )neil fic mit ben beteiligten neutralen Wadv- tcn für bcibc .({riegöpartien fortbcftcben; fic finb nnr snnfd)cn ben. .Qrieg^pnrtien in ibrer iffiirfung jcitlueilig gcbcnnnt. ?ln fid) mürben fic baber nxit bem 5>-ricbe]b3fd)htf3 obnc UK-iterö noieber in Üraft treten. 3)a fcbod) bie Ufraine bi^bcr nicbt a(ö iicrtragfd)iiefKnbc ^13ar- tei in ben 'il>ertragenn c^ trol? ber iScliluierigfeiten, bie in ber 5?erfd]ieben= beit ber £prnd)c unb beö 9ied)te^3 fomie in ber 9?eu^cit ber Hufgabe liegen nniiv ten, ju cinent imnierbin auöfübrlid)cn ®t)[tem ber 2ßicberber[tettung gefoni^ men i[t, fo fonnte ber ©egenfianb bod) nid)t nollftänbig crfdiöpft merben, (5\^ tiiirb baber in licrfd)iebcncn ^13unften, nanientUd) auf bem Öcbictc ber JGedifel unb 2d)ecfred)te, ber !i^a(utage[diäfte, ber 'i^riontät^rcd)te auf bem Öebicte bcö gciftigcn unb gelücrbtidien 9ied)tg:= fd)ut3eö, ber !i^et)anblung gcluiffer lier== luattcter 33ermögen§uiertc, nod) ber Gr- gän^ung bebürfen, für bie in bcn ®d}lu^be|timmungen ber 3iifo"ii'ieii== tritt einer bcfonberen Ilomiffion oor= öcfc()eu ift. ,3unäd)it luavcn fämtlid}e Öefc^e, S3erorbnungen unb fonftige ikftim= mungeii auf^utieben, bie fid) auf bci^i ©ebiete bc^ ^l^rinatrecbt«^ olö ©oubcr= gcfelje gegen ben J^cinb barftcUen. Sie finb in biefen ."iiapitehi abi .Tlriegeigefetje bcseid)net^ unb ibrem $^egriff nad) in ?(rtife( VI näher beftimmt. 5)abci ift befonbei-'S bcrliorgebobcn, ba^ im Sinne be-g .gufaljOcrtragS al^ Hngebörigc ber eigenen Alricg^partei aufs er pbl)fifd)en •^Perfonen and) juriftifd)e ^]3erfüucn unb ©e feil fd)af ten gelten, unb strarnid)t nur, A special reservation had to be niade regarding collective trea- ties to which, besides Russia, still other belligerents are par- ties. In this respect, the col- clusion of peace with the other interested Powers can only, and finaU}', decide as to their con- tinuation or abrogation (Article 5, Paragraph 2). Third Chapter. The reestablishment of private rights formed an important task of the juridical commission. Even though a thorough-going s^'stcm of such reestablishment was brought about, in spite of the difficulties which had their source in the diversit^y of languages and of law, as weU as in the novelty of the problem, stiU the suliject could not be fuUy ex- hausted. Therefore, in many points, especially within the sphere of commercial drafts and cheques, of the monetär}^ stand- ards, of the prior rights within the field of intellectual and in- dustrial protection, of the treat- ment 01 certain administered properties, supplementär}' agree- ments wiU be necessary for which the meeting of a special commis- sion is foreseen in the final provisions. In the first place, all laws, ordinances, and other provisions which in the realm of private law appeared as special laws against the enemy, liad to be abrogated. In tliese chapters they have ])een termed war laws, and according to their compre- hension have been more accu- rately defined in Article VI. In connection with this it should be especially borne in mind that in the sense of the supplemen- tary treaty, besides the physical persons, juridical persons and companies are also regarded as nationals of the particular bel- ligerent, and not merely when 68 THE UKKAINE PEACE. VDeim fie in beni C^^ebicte bicfcr .^riegtS^ Partei i^xm ©iij Inhm, [onbcru and) röctm fie ajcirf] [otiten in beiii ^V^bietc ber Qtibcren i^artci bcu Ärica^flcfcljcu unter= iDorfcn fiiib (?(rtifc( G i[h\. 2). älKc e'd)ulbiicrhn(tni|[e prinatrerfit- Iid)er ?(rt, mag eö i'icb inn C-VIbfdiuibcn ober foiiftige 53ertraiTöiKTbä(tni[|c (lan^ belli, tiierbcu wad) ^^(rtifel 7 § 1 tuieber^^ bergefteUt. 3)o(f) fekn bic fofgenbcn ^^aragrapbcu be'? ?(rtifelv:i 7 unb bic Slrtifcl 8 bbS 11 öclinffe'^dit^nnbnicn nor. @o finb für bic 'isxüqc, ob Sd)u(bner= I)ä(tuiffc biird) bic AJricg^siiftaiibe aiif= geI}obcii ober t>cräubcrt luerben, bic alU gemeinen VaiibC'^gcfct^c iiiaf^gcbcnb (§ 2 i'bf. 1); für 3)cutfdifaub ünirbeualfo bie 53cftimiuitngcii bcf? bürgcriidien @e= fe^bud)ei über bie llumögiidifcit ber (Sv^ fülluiig unb bic bicrfiir iiiofigcbcnbc 9icdUfprcdiuitg bc^^ !?)icid)'ogcrid)l\5 ibre äöirffamfcit behalten. S)od) bürfcn babei in ®cutfd]ianb ufrainifd)e .tricgS^ gcfeije al'i ^lufbcbung^grünbe nidit au= berg belianbclt Uierben ioic beutfd)e .f?Yiegc:gefet3c uub inngcfcbrt ( § 2 %b\. 2) . Soiueit biernad) (^k^lbforbcrnngcn gu erfüllen finb, bcrcn oablnng nad) .ft ricgci=^ gefet^cn licrineigcrt Uierbcn fonnte, er= t)ält ber ®d)u(bner nad) ?lrtife( 7 § 3 eine ^o^lii^'Hl^trifr ''•''on brei ä)touaten feit ber ^latififation bcö 5rtebcnöt)cr= tragg. gür bie S^^^ ^'^n ber urfprüng= Iid)en gaHigfeit bio sur 3«b/ung finb 5 % S'aOreeisinfen lu cntrid)tcn; biei jur t^aKigFcit muffen gegebenenfadei bie öertrag^niüfügcn „'^ in fen gc.^ablt merben. ®er ^Sii^^ffliJ tmn 5 % erfdjcint mit 9Jürffid)t auf bic mübrcnb beö Äriegcg niöglid) gemefeuc ^;)cutjung ber jurürfgebatteuen Öelbcr, alg ange= meffen nnö geeignet, einer intcrnatio== naien Siegelung and) bei fpüteren 5rie= bengfd)(üffen jur Wmnblage ju bicnen,. tliey are domiciled within the territory of this belligerent ])arty, but also in rase they are domiciled within the territory of the other party and as such subject to its war laws (Article 6, Paragraph 2). All debt relations of a private nature, whether monetary obli- gations or other contractural con- ditions, are reestablished accord- ing to Article 7, § 1. But the following paragraphs of Article 7 and those of Article 8 up to 11, foresee certain exceptions. For those with regaitl to the ques- tion as to whether debt relations are cancelled or changed in virtue of war conditions, the general national legislation is authorita- tive (§ 2, Paragraph 1); hence the jU'o visions of the civil law dealing with the impossibility of fulfilling an obligation and the authoritative jurisdiction of the lm}>erial Court retains its effect in regard thereto. But Ukrain- ian war laws as reasons for abro- gation may not, in Germany, be regarded difi'erently than Ger- man war laws and vice versa. (§ 2, Paragra})li 2.) Accoi'dingly, in so far as pe- cuniary obligations whose pay- ment could be refused ])y reason of war laws, are to be fulfilled, the debtor, on the basis of Arti- cle 7, § 3, is given a period of three months to meet such de- mand, the period .being reckoned fifom the date of the ratification of the Peace Treaty. From the time of the original date when payment was due up to the time of actual payment, an annual interest of 5% is to be paid; up to the time when payment was due, the contractual interest must, in such case, be paid. The interest rate of 5%, in view of the possible use of the money held baclv during the war, seems adequate and ]:»roper to serve as a basis in an international set- tlement even in conse((uent ]ieace conclusions. MEMOKANDUM TO KEICHSTAG. 69 Wit ^)iücfi"id}t auf bte t-erKfiicbeiteu ■©läubigerfituljl^erbünbe, bic fidi ^iiui STeil unter SDHtmirfuiig beö J)icic()vS in 3)eutfdilanb (jebilbet oabcn, tunr eö au •gezeigt, eine faefonbere iöeftiminung auf- .^unenmcn, monacfi foickn 5?crbäubcn, bie üon bcr einen "iVtrtei anerfannt finb, non beu i^edörben ber anberen %Hv:tci bic Isertretung ber Jntcrcffcn iln'cr Wdt^ glicber ebne ireiterc^ .^u gct'tattcii ifi. ^cIbfl"Deritänb(iii) uierbeu bie (anbcc; redit(irf)cu <^orfd)ri[tcu über beu '^{u malt^Ss^naug baburdi nidit berübrt (^Kv tifcl 7 § 4). "i^tcbcu beu üriüatrcditlidicn foUen audi bie ftaatlidieu i^erbiublidifeitcn lincber^ ftergeftefU irerbeu. T'iei'i gilt in crftcr Vlnie für ben öffentiidien Sdiulbcubicnft (9(rtifc( 8 %[)]. 1). hierbei irar jebod) ber Umftanb ju berücffiditigcn, bnf^ bie Ufraine bii^ber fein fe(bftänbige§ 3taat^= jdnilbcnniefen g^ebabt hat. "^ladi a(fge= meinen t)ötferred)tlid)eu (^Hniubfatjen tjabeii 0»Mieb[tartten, bie ftd) oon einem ■größeren Wanden unabbäiigidi macben, iieffeu öffeut(id)e Sdnilben \u einem angcmcffenen Teile 5U übernebmen. T^a aber ba-? gair.e betnegüdie Staati<= öermögen ^)iu^!anb-? in hcn vS^ilnben ber ']>eteri?bnrger ^7iegierung ift, mufUe öor ber ^cftfetjung bcö t>on ber Ufraine ju überne{)mcubcu '2)diulbcube= tragö bcr ^i'olft^rcpnblif C'k'Icgeubeit ge geben inerben, fidi über bie 'l^erteilnng beö ?(ftit)= nnb ^]3affilit)crmDgon^ mit bcn übrigen Xcilftaaten bec; ehemaligen 5)?uffifd)cn ^)ieid)c! auöeinanbcr.]ufei3en. Durd) eine protofotfarifdie örfläiiing ift ftargeftellt Sorben, baf; bic ^nh :,nr 5lu^cinanbcrfet?uug fpäteftenö mit bem (Sintritt beö allgemeinen Aricbcnei ab {äuft; al't^baun mufe ber ufrainifdic ?(n= teil fetbftönbig feftgefteHt inerbcn. ^dion With regard to the various as- sociations for the protection of creditors which under the co- operation of the realm have in part been organized in German}^, it was evident that a special pro- vision should be adopted in ac- cordance with which such asso- ciations as have been recognized by one party are to be granted forthwith the representation of the interests of their members by the authorities of the other party. It is self-evident that the national laws regarding the compulsory employment of counsel will not be affected therebv (Article 7, .§4). Apart from the obligations rest- ing on private law, public obliga- tions shall again be resumed. This applies, in the first place, to the public debt service (Article 8, Paragraph 1). But in this con- nection it was necessary to con- sider the fact that the Ukraine has hitherto not had any inde- pendent national debt. Accord- ing to the general principles of international law, component members who render themselves independent of a larger entity, must in an equitable manner assume part of the public debt. But as the entire movable na- tional wealth of Russia is in the hands of the Petrograd Govern- ment, before the determination of the part of the debt to be taken over by the Ukraine, op- portunity had to be given the People's Republic, to take coun- sel with the other parts of the former Russian empire regarding the apportionment of the active and passive wealth. It has been made clear in a declaration put in the form of a protocol that the period for taking such counsel with one another shall expire at the latest with the inauguration of general peace; the Ukrainian part will then have to be deter- mined independently. But even 70 THE UKRAINE PEACE.' ieijt aber ift bcftiiiinü,. ha\^ bic ufrauiifdic 35oIförepubUf bcutfdicti (Mlnubigcru qc-- öcnüber iebenfnUif. bic il'crbinbUdifeiten übecnimtnt, bic ^iiußfanb für öfrcutUd)c wirbelten in bcr Ufraiiie (i. !ö. (vlfcn= babucu) cingcgancicn ift ober biirri) 33er= Ofnnbimö üon i^^crniöi-;cu^n3ertcu isi ber Ufraiiie gcfidiert bat (^:'(rtife( 8). 'Ii^id)tici iit bic iviiüguiui uarübcr, b.Hj Urbebcvrcd)te iiiib aeiiierblid)e ^1iec()te, .r?on^cffioiicu uiib '^^.M.-ilnlcgicii fomic ähnUdie ?tnfprüdie auf öüeiitticbn-edit lidier rsirunblaöc, bic biird) lü'ricö^^gcfclje bceiuträditigt niorbeit finb, für ba^:< Q>k= biet bcr Ufraiue inieberboröciteUr tücrbeii 1o((eu (^Hrtifel 9 ?(b|. 1). I^aniit tnerbcn aiid) bic ?)icd}tc uncberbcröcflcUt, bic rciitfdicn 1)011 bcr 'liuffifdicii ^licgie rung ücrUcbeii umrcu, aber im Wcbicte ber Ufraiiie auögcübt rourben. 3)a bic Ufraiiie biciber feine eigene Wcfetjgebung über Urbcberrcd)te uiib geroerbli^c ©rfinljrcditc batte, bebarf bic ?[u{^füb= rung biefer ^^eftiiiuuuügen uodi bcfon bercr !ikn-ciiibarung (?(ri;ifet 9 %b\. 3). ®oli>eit bcrartigc yiicditc >Berinögc!ie'bc ftanbtcilc einc^? feciucftvierteii ober liquid biertcn Unterncbnicnei ivaren unb Don bcm ytftäiibigcn 'iscriüaftcr bein C^kfetje geniäf; ncraiifecrt voorben finb, luirb baö Uiobtermorbcnc ilicdit britter "i^erfoncn^ gcmäf; ^'[rtifcl 11^2 gcffbüljt. '^lnbcr>? bcrbillt e\^ fid) mit C'H-unb^ ftücfcn ober 5)icditcn an einem ('>h-unb= ftü'i, 'i^crgmerfesgercditfamen, obliga^ torifdien ^icditcn auf bic . '-I^enntjnng ober ?(ib?be!ttung oou (sirniibftuffcn, mit Unterncbmnngeu ober '-Betciügungcn an einem Ünternebmen, namcntUcb mit ?lftien, bic infolge ."itricg^gc- feljcn yeränf^crt ober bcn '-^beteiligten fonft bnrd) Svoang cnt;iogen morbcn finb. (5ö ift befannt, baf^ infolge ber ruffifdien Viquibatioib:5gefel3C gcrabc now it has been decided that the Ukrainian People's RepubHc will assume, at all events, with regard to German creditors, those obli- gations which Russia assumed for public works in the Ukraine (for instance railways), or which Rus- sia has guaranteed through the mortgage of valuable property in the Ukraine (Article 8). Of importance is the agreement to the end that copyright and in- dustrial patents, concessions and privileges as well as any other claims similar thereto on the basis of public law, which were preju- diced through war laws, shall be reestablished for the territor}^ of the Ukraine (Article 9, Para- graph 1). At the same time are also reestablished those rights which had been granted to Ger- mans by the Russian Govern- ment, but which were exercised in the Ukraine. In view of the fact that the Ukraine had hitherto no national legislation regarding copyright and industrial patents, the carrying out of these provi- sions will require further agree- ments (Ai'ticle 9, Paragraph 3). In so far as rights of this nature represented parts of property of a sequestered or liquidated en- terprise, and were alienated, in lawful fashion, by the competent administrator, the duly acquired rights of third persons are pro- tected in accordance with Article 11 §2. The (juestion is very different in regard to parcels of land, the rights to a parcel of land, mining rights, obligatory rights to the use or exploitation of parcels of land, to enterprises, or to partici- pations in an enterprise, espe- cially with shares, which in con- se [uence of war laws were alien- ated or forcibly taken from those participating in the enterprise. It is well knov.m that in conse- (i uence of the Russian laws of li [nidation particularly impor- MEMOEANDUM TO REICHSTAG. 71 nad) bicfcr ^liicttuiiö {)lu bcutfd)eu ^e= teiliöteii bcfoubcrö {)of)c 233ertc t>er= lorcn cicflangcn [inb. '^Ulc bic[c Sl'erte foflcn i()ncu obuc ^iücfi'id)t an^ 111^)111== fd)cu bci]rü!ibctc 9icd)te Trittcc in noUcm liinfanfl siuiicfflciiiäbrt uierbcn, fo ban fie nur ucrpfliditct [tnb, bic= jcnicjcn Vorteile bernut^^ugcbcn, bie fie etnm au« 5(nlatj ber 'i'cräui^erunö ober (Stn^iclnmg tbrcr 3icditc erhalten batten (?{rtifc( 12 ?Ibf. 1). X'ie iS3c|tinnuunöen ber '^(rtifcl 9 nub 12 gelten nbcr nur mit einem glcidiartigen 5.Norbel)ntt. '^tad) einem Ohmnbgefel? ber llfrainifdien 9?o(fö^ republif [tub [ämtlidie S3rit»i(egicn ab-- ge[d)a[ft, .^Dn^.e[|ionen tiiclfad) tierftant= iid)t unb bie "liedite an ('.H-nnb nnb 58oben, an ben Sdiäfeen unter ber (Srbe nnb an bcm [rei aufinacbfenben ?öalb ^^u ^lationalcigentum erfliirt morben. Sonieit bicfc I'anbecigclelj^^ gcbung V-i^ ?lu3fiibrung gelangt unb alien i^eteiligtcn gegenüber bnrdjgefeljt tnerben fofltc, nnrb man fie audi gcgcn= über ben beutfd)en '-8ered)tigtcu gelten laffen muffen, ^ür biefen ^all ift jebodi ber Ufrainifdieu 5?olfi^rcpubltf gegenüber in einer protofoUariidicu GTfÜirung beutfd)erfeit-? aue^briidlidi ber Stanbpunft nertreten morben, bafj nad) allgemeinen iiölferre.1itlid)cn ®runbfctjen für Perftaatlidite 5?cr' mögenön^ertc öon ^hiidänbern unter allen Umftäiiben eine angemeffene (Snt- fd)äbigung gcleiftet merbeii mufe. Ccm übrigen ift Porgefebcn, bnf? im ^a\k ber '-TCncberaufbebung ber *i^erftaatlidmng bie beutfdien 33ercd)tigten auf Eintrag lieber in ibre 9icd)te eintreten folleu (2lrtifel 9 ^Ibf. 2, ?(rtifcl 12 ?lbf. 2\ ' (5ine befonbere 5i^cftimmung regelt bie 5?erlängernng ber 5?eriäbrung^>^^ friften foUne ber Triften ^uv ^^^orlegung ber 3niö!^"f)<-'ii^*-' uii^ OVnnniiauteil= fd)eine nnb üon an^5gelöften ober fonft tant values, along this line, were lost by German participants. All such values shall, regardless of v.^ell-founded rights of third par- ties, acquired in the meantime, be returned in their full measure, so that they will be only obli- gated to surrender those advan- tages which may have accrued to them as a result of that alienation or subtraction of their rights (Article 12, Paragraph 1). The provisions of Articles 9 and 12 are valid only with a similar reservation. According to a fun- damental law of the Ukrainian People's Republic all privileges are annulled, concessions in many respects have been nationalized, and the rights to landed proper- ties, to the resources of the soil, and the freely growing forests have been declared to be national property. In so far as this na- tional legislation should be car- ried out and enforced with regard to all parties interested, it will likewise have to be regarded as valid with regard to German claimants. For this particular case, however, and with regard to the Ukrainian People's Repub- lic, a declaration in the form of a protocol expressly records the German point of view that in ac- cordance with the general prin- ciples of the lav/ of nations, ade- quate compensation must be paid in all circumstances for ])roperty nationalized and belonging to aliens. It has been foreseen, besides, that in the case of the rescinding of the nationalization of such property, those Germans entitled thereto, may upon their request be restored to their rights (Article 9, Paragraph 2, Article 12, Paragraph 2). A special provision regulates the extension of the periods of expiration as well as the periods within which interest certificates and private shares, redeemed notes, or such as have become 72 THE UKRAINE PEACE. ' ^ablbar gcinorbciicn ^-Iv'crtpapicrcn. 3m vf)iiibUcf Guf bie Hufidicrlicit bcr $^er^ I)a{tiii|ic, mit bcr nod) für längere S^^i gcucdiuct uicrben mnf,, \o\mc im ipin-- blitf an'f bic l^agebcr Äricg^c\efangcncn unb ,oiüiUnternicrlen iuerbcn bie (Vi^'iffcn bio ,^nm SIblauf eincS ^'fibres nadi bcr ^latififation bee* ivricbcnf^ticrtrag'? erl'tretft ($(rtifcl 10). ®d)(ic[3(id) ift nod) bie Xtttigfcit ber- jenigen ©tcffen geregelt, bie auf ieber ©cite fraft bcr ,fricgögcfet?c mit bcr 53ennfficbtignng, 'i^crUHibrnng, ''^kv- inaftung ober Viquibntion Hon iBcr= mögenögegcnftänben ober bcr 5(tmabme Don 3ßb(ungeu befaßt inorben tnarcn. 5vür bic Ufraine fommcn bier nur foldic otcUen in ^etradit, bic in ibrcm ©cbietc cingcridiret Uiorbcn finb unb bao DcrlnaUetc i^ermcgen nicbt in^ jiinfd)en an ,;ScntralftcI[cn bci< übrigen i'li'ufelanb^:^, iu<5befonbcrc an bic rnffifd;e ©taatgbauf tn 5-t. ^!3cter^burg abgc^ fü.^rt hühzn (^Irtifcl 10). CsH-unbfcilj= lici) finb a!(e t)eruia(tctcn 5!'Crmögcni5= gcgciiftänbe auf '^'erlangen bee^ ^k= red)ti0ten unnerpg^id) freizugeben (§ 1). Xier 5>eruia[icr fann babei ben $^c^ rcdrtigtcn su^uldift an bic StcUcn ücr^ tücifcn, bei bencu er bavS ilH^niiögen au gelegt bnt. ^i« ^ur Ucbcniabmc burd) ben S3credi!:igtcn muf? audi iiaü) bcr 9iatififatiüu bcc< Jsricbcni-eruiattcr payable, must be submitted. In view of the uncertainty of condi- tions vdiich must be had in mind for a long time to come, as well as in view of the situation of the war prisoners and interned civil- ians, these periods will be ex- tended to the expiration of one year after the ratification of the Peace Treaty (Article 10). Finally, there has been settled the activity of those institutions which on both sides, in virtue of war laws, have been entrusted with the supervision, safe-guard- ing, administration, or liquidation of properties. With regard to the Ukraine, only such institu- tions are referred to as have been established within her territory and as have not in the meantime transferred the administered prop- erty to central institutions of the remainder of Russia, especially to the Russian National Bank in St. Petersburg (Article 10). In prin- ciple, all administered proper- tics are to be released immedi- ately upon the request of the per- sons entitled thereto (§1). The administrator can, in this connec- tion, refer the chiimant in the first ])lace to those institutions to which the property was entrusted. Until the transfer of the property has been made to the person en- titled thereto, his interests shall be cared for even after the ratifi- cation of the Peace Treaty. It has already been stated that a])art from the ])rovisions of Article 1 2 anent owjiership of real estate and similar jiroperties, the transfer of the administered prop- erties leave-! lawfully acquired rights of third parties unaftected. In consequence thereof, payments and other services which public administrators have assumed in in the name of debtors, are to be so dealt with in the territory of the contracting ])arties, as if the creditor himself had received them, and private dispositions of MEMOEANDUM TO REICHSTAG. 73 bleiben mit 31Urfiing für bcibc Jcilc auf= rediterbaltcn (§2). lieber bie Xä- tigfeit aller (Stellen, üon benen ber !?IrtifeI 11 f}anbelt, inöbefonbere über bie Sinnabmen unb 5{n^gaben, i[t ben 33crcrf)tiöten anf 5?erlangen nnüer^ügliri) 2(uöfunft ju erteilen (§3). 53ierte^ Kapitel. Wät ben 5^e[ttmmungen beö britten .f?apitefö, n)obnr(f) bie örinatred)tlid)cn ®dnt(berbfiltni[|c neu in (^"»eltung gefetjt unb bie ben ^^(ngebörigen ber tiertrag^ fd)lie{jenben Jeilc gcgeiifeitig entzogenen !!Bcrniögenöniertc jurücfgcgeben tnerben, ift eine nöIUgc ÜlUebcrbcrftenung ber i^rinatrcd;tc nod) nidit erreid)t. iDenn lne(c bicfer ^l^riöatreriite fönnen infcige ber ,flrieg3ereigni[i"e nid)t tuicberljerge^ [teilt Serben. ?(n ibre Stcdc niuf? babcr ber Grfatj für bie 9fadteik treten, bie ber .ß'rieg ben S3ered)tigteu gebradit bat. ©erabe ar^f bem CMcbicte beß ebe= maligeii ^iuf!ifd)en3Jcid)«? finb biefc9Jad)= teile bcfonberö jablrcidi nr.b fditüertrie^ gcnb; e^? mau bcöbalb eine .spauptaufgabe ber beutfd)en S)clcgatton, ben (Srfal^ für biefe fogenannten ,8ipdfd)aben in ben ^erbanblungen burdiyi feigen . ©0 bringlid) biefe ?lufgabc luar, fo fd)lr)ierig lr»ar itire !i?öfung; benn bie ufrainifdie Delegation t)erfod)t mit ?eb= baftigfcit ben ©cbanfen, bafe bie 3)^^= nabmcn, bie ben S)eutfdien in ^)iufilanb ®d)aben jugcfügt batten, im inefent^^ lid)en auf baö 3«nftUd)e 9icgiment unb feine Organe jurüdsufübreu feien, bie üon ber ufraiuifdjcn i^olfi^republif in ibrcn Ü)tctboben mifjbilligt nnb be= fumpft iDurben. ?lu§ bie fem (J>h-unbe inollte bie Delegation eine iscrpfUditung jum todjabenerfat^ für bie ufrainifd)e ^olförepublif nidjt ancrfennen; baju such administrators remain ef- fective for both parties (§ 2). As concerns the activity of all institutions treated of under Ai-ti- cle 11, especially with regard to the receipts and expenditm-es, in- formation must be afforded to those entitled thereto when de- . manded by them (§ 3). Fourth Chapter. Through the provisions of the Third Chapter by which the pri- vate debt relations are resumed and properties roci])rocaUy taken from the nationals of the con- tracting parties have been re- turned, no complete reestab- lishment of private rights has yet been effected. For many of these private rights can not be reestab- hshed, in consequence of the events of the war. Prejudices which the war has occasioned to the claimants must therefore be compensated. And it is particu- larly within the territory of the former Russian realm that these prejudices have been numerous and considerable; it was, there- fore, one of the many tasks of the German delegation to bring about in the com"se of the negotiations the matter of compensation for the so-called civilian damages. iTgent as this task was, so was its solution difficult; for the Ukrainian delegation vigorously maintained the idea that the measm'es in consequence of which losses had been sustained by Germans in Russia had been the essential work of the Czar's Gov- ernment and of its authorities which had been disap]:)roved and opposed by the actions of the Ukrainian People's Republic. For this reason the delegation would not acknowledge an obli- gation to compensate damages with regard to the Uki-ainian People's Republic; in addition to this there was that other diffi- 74 THE UKRAINE PEACE. fain bic fdjoii friU)cr erörfertc ®d)tt)tcrig* fcit, baf^ ber neue ®taat in bav? iCer:^ mögen bcö !^7iu[i'ifd')en ft'atferreid)^ noc^ nid)t nad}t3efü(9t ift, ba^ inednchr a\k^ bcUK'gUd)c ;')icid)wöcnnügcn Hon bcr ®roferufft[d}cn 9iegierniig nad) ®t. •»ßeteröburg iDcggcfübrt Uiorbcn mar. ißScnn Cu troljbem gelungen ift, ben C'^nuibfaiB t)on bcr 'ilsicbcrgntnmdiung ber ,-Sitn{fd)äbcn jur ?lncrtenmnig 5u bringen, fo ift bieö beni ®innc für 9ied)t nnb 53iIUgfeit ,yi^nfd)reibcn, ber bie beteiligten J)elegationen gleidicr mafscn befceltc. (5ö erfd)ien aniie J)urd)fül}rung ber bier auf= geftellten ©ruubfiibc niu^te genuifj ben- felben (Srluagnngen, bie ju bem ^or= bcbaltc beö '^Irtifel 8 geführt baben, big p beni ßeitpuuft jurildgeftellt lüerbcn, loo fid) bie Ufrainifdie l^olfg= republif mit hen übrigen teilen beg ebenialigen 9iuffifd}en 9ieid)g augei= nanbcrgcfeljt b^ibcn luirb (^^Crtifel 13 ?{bf.. 2). \Hud) bici- ift afg äußcrfter Xennin für bie Uebernabme eineg ange= meffcnen Xeileg ber (Srfai^^pflid)t ber allgemeine griebeng fd}luf5 protofolla= rifclj feftgefeljt uiorbon. günfteg Kapitel 3ur Hugfül)rung beg in 2lrt.VI. beg j^ricDcngDcrtrageg Porgefcbenen 9(ug^ these provisions there are, there- fore, not included, for instance, such damages as have arisen in virtue of ordinances prohibiting payment (see Article 7, § 3); in- terest at 5% per annum holds throughout for such cases. E^lse- where it has, furthermore, been expressly specified that he who was, by the war, prevented from the due performance of a service shall not be obligated to make good the loss incurred in virtue thereof (Article 7, § 2, Paragraph 2, sentence 2). Mili- tary measures or acts of violence which have taken place within the war zone are not compensated for by the one party for damages caused by this party to the pri- vate individuals of the other party, because they come under the head of war damages which both parties, according to Article V of the Main Treaty, have re- nounced. But whenever such measures or acts of violence took place without the war zone, it does not matter whether the national authorities b}^ which they were issued or committed, belonged to the former or to the present Government. The carrying out of the prin- ciples here established had, on the groimd of the same considera- tions which led to the reservation in Article 8, to' be postponed to such time when the Ukrainian People's Republic shall have come to an understanding with the other parts of the former Russian realm (Article 13, § 2). In this also the extreme period for the assumption of an adeciuate por- tion of the obligation to <; ompen- sate has been fixed in a protocol at the time of the conclusion of the general peace. Fifth Chapter. To carry out the exchange of war prisoners provided for in 76 THE UKEAINE PEACE.' taufrf)e^ bcr .^rieo£<öei«'^8=-"'^" muBteu mcbrcve ®onbcniorbehattcu für bic Öc= jicliungen jli)ifd}cn ®cutfrf)Ianb luib ber Ufraiiie getroffen lücrben. Sabei tonnte man fid) an bic 33eftimmungen an= fd)Iiei3en, bic bereit^? Hon bcr '13eterg= burger .r^oniniiffion getroffen morben marcu, unb in bcr X)urd)führung be= griffen finb (^^Irt. 14 § 1). Diefe ik- ftininmngen bcj^icben fidi nbcr nur auf bie bicnftuntanglid)en .Kriegsgefangenen; iDcgcn ber übrigen bebürfte eö ergänzter '-öcltimnumgeu. 3n bcr 6pauptfad)e ift bie 5(ufgabe bcr Crrgctnjung einer .^'om-- nüffion übertragen inorbcn, bie in !öreft=?itonK^f .^iufarnmentrctcn fod; fie regelt bie .»Zeiträume, in bcncn bcr 5luc= taufd) nor fid) geben foK, nnb beffcn übrige (£injcU)eiten. 3iii^befonbere inirb fie für eine angcnieffene unb fcincglnegö menfd)enlinbrige ?lrt bcr 6pcimbeför= berung forgen; aud) (iegt ibrbie®urd)= fübruug ber getroffenen 33ereiubaruu= gen ob (§ 3). 'i>ei bcr (Sntfaffung ift hcn Äriegv^ge^^ faugeneu bnS ^].=iriüateigcntum ^urücfju^ erftatten, ba§ ibnen non bcn iöcbörbcn bcci JhifcntbaltSftnate^ abgenontmen lüorbcu ift; bod) finb ®d)riftftücfe mi(i= tärifd)en 3n^)fittö auögcnonimcn, ha ibre 33efanntgabe in anbercn V^änbern bcm ?Uifentbaltc(ftaate uad)tci(ig fein fönntc, folange biefer ficb nod) im .Kriege bc= finbet. ®cr nod) nid)t au^bc^abUe ober lierred)ncte Seil beS lHrbeit'?Ocrbicnfteji ift bcn .Kriegsgefangenen g(eidifatlö bei ber Gntlaffung auS3u()äubigcn (§2), ?{uf ber anbercn Seite babeu beibe '^^artcien bcn iiölfcrred)ttidien Wrunbfatj anerfannt, baf] jcber Icii bie ?(nfn)en= bungen für feine fricgSöcfnugencn ?tn= gebörigcn, bie bcr anbere Jci( gemad)t bat, bie fem erfeljen niufj. i^on einer '^iuf= ftcKung ber beiberfeitigcn 5(ufUKnbungen unb ibrer iBerred)nung gegcneiuanber ift Article VI of the Peace Treat3\ several separate reservations had to be made v/ith regard to the re- lations between Germany and the Ukraine. To this end those pro- visions could be retained which had already been adopted b}^ the Petrograd commission and which are under v/ay of execution (Ar- ticle 14 ,§ 1). These provisions relate, however, only to war prisoners unfit for military serv- ice; with regard to the rest, sup- plementary provisions were neces- sary, ni the main, the task of these supplementary provisions is entrusted to a commission which shall meet in Brest-Litovsk; it determines the periods within which the exchange shall take place, and all other details. In particular, it gives its attention to a proper repatriation w^hich must in no way be contrary to the laws of humanity. The car- rying out of the agreements reached is likewise incumbent upon it (§ 3). Up'on releasing the war prison- ers, the private property which was taken from them by the au- thorities of the State where they were held, is to be returned to them; but written documents of military purport are excepted therefrom, l^ecause acquaintance with them in other lands might prove prejudicial to the State of their sojourn so long as the latter is still at war. That part of their labor earnings which is not yet paid them or credited to them is also to be handed to the v/ar prisoners upon their release (§ 2). On the other hand, both par- ties have recognized the principle of international law in virtue of which each party must refund the expenses incurred by one party for the account of the nationals of the other party who became its war prisoners. A statement of the reciprocal expenditures and their respective settlement had to be MEMORANDUM TO REICHSTAG. 77 aber im öinbUcf auf bic Wcfanaciicu^ gahlen abgcfehcn morbcn. 5)icfc 3aMeii ftnb fauin fefr^ufteUcn; auf bcutfrficr ®eitc nirfit, ineil e^? bisher eine ufrai:= nifcbc Staate^angebörigfcit iiicbt gab luib eine Unterfd)eibunöberruffifd)en .llrieg^^ gefangenen nad) ber ^Ingcbörigfcit ^uin großruffifdien ober ^mu ufraini[rf)cn 'Staate jur 3eit nnbnrdifübrbar ift; auf ufrainifd)er Seite nid)t, meil anbauernb beut|cl)c Kriegsgefangene au«^ grofjrnf^ fifd]cn ober fibirifd)en (^'kbieten in ber Ufraine eintreffen unb Hon bort nad) 3)eutfdilanb beinibefd)afft Uierben follen. ^iernad) ergab fid) bie ^(ufredinung aiH' naturmäßige Ööfung. 3lud) für bie fi)etmfebr ber beibeifei= tigen 3it)i(ange{)i)rigen bat bie nad) ?(rt. 14 einjnfetjenbe -Sommiffion bie näl)ercn S3eftimmungen ju erlaffen unb ibre 3)urd)fübrung ju übcrn3ad)en (5lrt. 15, § 1 ?lbf. 2). S!)ie öeinrbeförberung foil tunlid)ft balb unentgeitUd) erfolgen, aber nur mit ,8ufliiii"iung beS bieiber Internierten ober 55erfd)ictten. !ilsünfd)t er in bem Slufentbaltöftaate ^u bleiben, fo ift ibnr bieö ju gcftatten foUicit nid)t befonbere ©rünbe für feine ::HuS= Jüeifung Vorliegen; and) ftcbt eö ibm frei fid) in ein brittev^ V'anb ju begeben (§ 1, m. 1). llmgefebrt fönnen giöilangehörige beö einen STeileg, bie bei .^riegöau<^= brud) in bem ©ebiete beö anbcren 3:eileö ibren Jßobnfi^ ober eine ge= iüerblidie ober ipanbelSnieberlafeung bat= ten, bortbin jurüdfebren, foireit ibnen nid)t au3 ©riinben ber inneren ober äußeren iSid)erbeit beS ©taateS ber .Butritt öerfagt iüirb. ©in foUfier ©runb inirb immer als üorliegenb 85700—18 relinquished with regard to the number of prisoners. It is hardly possible to determine these num- bers; it is hardly possible on tho part of Germany, because hitherta there had been no Ukrainian nationality and it ^yas impossible to draw a difference between the Russian war prisoners according as they may at the time have belonged either to the Great Russian or to the Ukrainian State; it is hardly possible on the^ part of the Ukraine because Ger- man war prisoners from Great Russian or wSiberian territories- arrive constantly in the Ulvi'aine and from there are conveyed home to Germany. Hence, the most natural solution of this question was to give no considera- tion to it and to' call the accounts squared. Likewise with regard to the re- p'atriation of the reciprocal civil- ian nationals, the commission to be created in accordance with Article 14 is to adopt the detailed provisions and to supervise their execution (Article 15, § 1, Para- graph 2). The repatriation shall as soon as possible and practica- ble be carried out without any expense to the persons concerned but only with the approval of the person up to that time interned or deported, if he desires to re- main in the State of his sojourn, this is to be granted to him, in so far as there are no special reasons for his deportation; he shall also be free to go to other third coun- tries (§ 1, Paragraph 1). Vice versa, civilian nationals of one party who at the outbreak of the war were domiciled within the territory of tlie other party or exercised an industrial or com- mercial occupation, may return thither in so far as on the ground of reasons of internal or external security of the State such admis- sion is refused. Such reason will be regarded as always existent so 78 THE UKRAINE PEACE. crad)tct, folniiöe fid) ber anbere 3leil norf) im lfricg^?;^u[tanbe bcfiubet. j\-ür bic 9?ü(ffe()r finb cr{eid)tcrtc iöcbiug^ ungcu Uicgen bc^:^ ^]?er[oncnaiii^iueife^ oereinbart (§ 2). (5inc iueitcrc ilkfliinmuuö gctniihrt ben ?{ngcl}ijrigcn bcc* einen Teileci, bie int ©cbiete be<5 nnberen Teils eine (Sr= njerbötätigfeit au^^übten nnb bamn in* [olge bc6 .^ricge'ä gef)inbcrt morben finb, einen entfpred)cnbcn (Sriaf? t)on ?(nfiagen, ^Ibgaben, ©tcnern nnb (Sk- biibren mit ber ^Jtüfjgnbe, baf] bereits crt)obcne ^^^etritge binnen fedis ä'ionatcn nael) ber 'r)iati[ifation bes Jyi'icbcnöüer^ trageö gnriicf^n^nblen finb (?lrt. 16 S(bf. 1). T)icfer i'tbgabenertaf? mirb in Hnmenbnng be^ bet ber (irfiinternng bes britten .^'npitelö eruut()i!ten, in 5(rt. 6 ?fbf. 2 cntl)nl'tencn (Mnmbfal^eo and) fc»Id)cn (I-niierbSgcfelffdiaften gematn't, beren 53etricb im Gebiete beS einen 2:eiIcS infolge bcS .ffriegeS gernbt bat, ^ ineil ^ingebörigc beS anbeten Teites' baran beteiligt imren (?[rt. 16 :?(bf. 2). Xie neueren (^riebensDcrträge ent= l)a(ten regelmäf^ig !i^cftimmnngen über bie pietätHoKe /vürförge für bie-Cih'ab^ ftiüten ber Äriegcr, bie in jveinbe^^tanb gefallen ober Perfiorben finb. $5ei ?[nfna!)nie einer eutfpredienben , 33e= ftimnmng in ben gegenwärtigen iuu-= trag nuifUe baranf ^)LÜdfid)t genommen Uierben, baf; and) internierte ober tier= fd)icfte Bit^i^fi'iifi^-'Öörigc in grofjcr .nabl ibr (Shah in (veinbeslanb gefnnben ^nben. X^er 5{rtifel 17 eutbitit kbig=- iid) bic grnnbfäi?{idicn i^eftimmungen, duabrenb bic ^licgehtng ber ,5abtreidien (Sinjetfrngen, 5. ii über bie (5i-f}umie* rung, iuciterer '^Fa'rcinbarnng iiorbe= ftaltcn btcibcn foil. 'oed)ftcS .^f'apitcl. long as the other party is still in the state of war. For their return home, conditions facilitating sucli return have been agreed upon with regard to the deportation of persons (§ 2). A furtlier provision grants to the nationals of the other party who exercised a gainful occupa- tion within the territory of the other party and who were hin- dered from exercising it in con- sequence of the war, an adequate remission of assessments, taxes, rates, and dues, upon the condition that amounts already levied on that account shall be refunded within six months after the rati- fication of the Peace Treaty (Ai'ti- cle 16, Paragraph 1). This remis- sion of taxes will in the applica- tion of the principle contained in Article 6, Paragraph 2, in connec- tion witli the elucidation of the Third Chapter, be granted like- wise to such industrial companies whose oj5eration within the terri- tory of one party ceased in con- sequence of the war, because nationals of the other party were participating therein (Article 16, Paragraph 2). The more recent peace treaties regularly contain provisions re- garding the pious care for the graves of the warriors who have fallen or died in enemy land. Upon the adoption of an adequate provision in the present Treaty, consideration had also to be given to the fact that even interned or deported civilian nationals, in large numbers, have died in enemy land. Article 17 contains merely the fundamental provi- sions, while the arrangement of the numerous cpiestions of detail, for instance, concerning exhuma- tion, is reserved for further agree- ment. Sixth Chapter. iTticbt nur in (^H'oferufelanb, fonbcrn Not only in Great Russia, but nnd) in ber llfrainc finb bie fogenanntcn also in the Ukraine, the so-called MEMORANDUM TO REICHSTAG. 79 beutfdicu ÄoIoiü|tcu, b. i). '^amvn beutfcl)en etammeö, aber riifi'tfd)cr @taat^an3c!)örigfeit, inefleu ilircu ?(b^ [tanimun.n tu ihren 9ied)teu fd)Uicr hc jdjäbigt nah niclfad) mit größter (^H-au= [aiiifeit 0011 6pnu^:^ unb ipof ocrtriebcii loorben. ß^ U]tci)t ein bringcnbc^S 3u= tcrcfi'e beä 9tcid)ö baran, baf] bieic "isolf^ genoffcn nid)t im Gfcnb untergeben, i'on bern ®c(egenf)eit fiuben, in ber nltcn v ?eben aufv-ibauen. SSenn and) ber Uniftanb bie "i^erbanb hingen iDefentlid) er[d)U)crtc, baf; hier ber einen ^^artei angemutet unrb, über eigene ?lngebörige eine internationale 5?erl3flid)tung gegenüber ber anbcren ^avtci ein^ngeben, fo über',eugten fid) bie ufraimfd)en Tetegierten borb, baf; baö beutfdie Eintreten für ba<< ^d)icffa( b;r lücgen ibre^3 rentfd)tuni^ oerfolgten ruffifdien 5lnget)örigen ber 53il(igfeit entfprid)t. Tie Jvaffung betg fedjften tapitel^ mabrt übrigen^ bie O^egen- feitigfeit, ha Tentfdilanb fetbftOerftänb- üd) bereit fein muf?, Tentfdicn bie diM-- manbernng iiadi ber Ufraine .^n geftat= ten, ioenn fie etma tocgen ibrer iHbftani^ nuing nn^ bcnr bortigen ©cbiete baruni nadifudien. 3m (Sin^elnen ift 5?orforge getroffen, baß bcn ?)tüifiiianberern Oon ben 53e börben ibre§ biöberigen ©tnateij feine 3d}n3ierigfciteu gcmadit ioerbcn, bafi fie mit bea biptomatifdien nnb fonfutari fd)en ikrtretern ibreö fünftigen .Spei- mat^?ftaatö frei üerfe^ren fönnen unb iDcgen ber ^Kücfluanberung fcinerlei Jriirtfdirtftlidie 9tad)tei[c erfeibcn. i^or altem bürfen fie tbr isermögen frei (iqni bieren unb hm (5rlö<3 ober, fon.ieit bie l^inbeSgefet|e ed geftatten, hü^5 !ßer=- mögen felbft mit fid) nebmen; audi ift bafür geforgt, ba^ fie nidit etioa bm-d) ben Sioni'ö W örbaltung (angfriftiger German colonists, that is to say, peasants of German origin, but of Russian nationahty, have been severely prejudiced in their rights on account of their origin, and in many cases have been most cruelh' driven from their hearth and home. The Empire is greatly desirous that these fellow-coun- trpuen shall not pine away in misery, but have the opportunity to build up a new life in the old home-land. Even although the fact that one party was accused of assuming with regard to its own nationals an international obligation in respect of the other party, and thus tended to increase the difFiculties of the negotiations, the Ukrainian delegates became, nevertheless, convinced that the German interest in the lot of those Russian nationals persecuted on account of their German origin, was a fair attitude. The text of the Sixth Chapter guarantees, besides, reciprocity, for Germany must, of course, be ready to grant to Germans their return to the Ukraine, if they so desire because thej" originated from that terri- tory. In special respects care has been exercised to the end that the repatriated shall not be inter- fered with by the authorities of the State in which they had hitherto lived, that they may cor- respond freely with the diplo- matic and consular representa- tives of their future home-land and that they shall suffer no economic disadvantages because of their return thitber. Above all, they may freely dispose of their prop- erty and carry away with them- selves the value of the sale, or in so far as the national laws per- mit, carry their property with them; care has been had likewise to the end that for the enforce- ment of leasing contracts ex- tending over a longer period, thev shall not be hindered in the 80 THE UKEAINE PEACE. ^I?atfitt>erträ9e in bcr i'lu'^iilnmß bcc; !:liücfroaiiberuuqi?vediti:< bc[)iubert lucrben (2(rt. 18, 19).' X)aö ^Ivüdiuanbcntugörcclit faun in einer ^rift Don ,5cnu o'ntli'cn uad} ber 9iatififation be»? ("vricbcni^'ocrtracieS auc'^ c\,mbt lucrben. (Sine [olcfie 5\-vi[t crfdiien erforberlid), tneif iuand]c ber licrfd)itften .IJ'oIoniftcn erft iiad) geraumer ,Scit Don iljvcnt ^licditc .Q'euntniv^ erfinden unb fo in ber ^Mge fein u^crbcn, bie ^Inrrteifc unb 'Jcadjteile feiner ^'Db:;iülnuu3 t^egeneinau ber abvamägen (^^Irt. IS ?lbf. 1). ^Ät beni ')iürfaiau.beruug^3redit ift [olgcriditig ba^ ^licd)t auf (Sntiaffnng au^ beni bio ^crigen ©taatöüerbanbe bc'^ bi-Sherigen c^eintateiftaatö juni (Srfal^ ber öou ber ^liicfiüanberung bcni Ä'olouiften ^uge^ gefügten '5d)äben nid)t burdifeijen yi taffcn. 3ubeö tiat bie ufrainifdie 4^ele gation amt(id) crflärt, baf^ bie Ufrai nifdie 53o(f^?repnu(if bicfe AToloniftcn in i^lnfefinug be^? Grfaljec' ber ihnen Uiilhrenb beö .ffricgeö in ungcrediter ilscifc ^n^ fügten od)äbeu ebcnfo bebanbcin nnirbc lüie bie ufraiuifdicu 'Staat^^aiigebörigcn. Ä'iebente^ .^htpitei. T)k in biefem ."il'apitef cntdaltcucu 53e^ ftimmungen über bie 53ciüährung Don @traffreit)eit für geluiffc mit '!)cn .fh'iegö= crcigniffen sufamnuMibängenbc £»anb= lungeu finb non bem 'fönufdic ciugcge^ ben, bie freunbfdiaftlidieu 'i^e^iebuugen Snnfd)en bem beutfdien unb bem ufrai = nifd)en initfe ,yt förbcrn unb bie bic^^ tierigen (s^egenfätie foiucit irgcub mög^ tili) in i^Tgeffenbcit su bringen. Unb smar ift im ?(rtifel 20 cine 5(mueftie für bie feiublid)cu ?(U'o(änber unb im 3lrt. 21 eine fo(d)e für ^nHiuber bor- gefebeu, Uinl)reub im ?{rt. 22 lueitere iBcreinbarungen uorbebalten luerbcu. ©otüeit t)iernad) bie otaat'Mugebörig:; feit tjon ^ebcutung ift, roirb für bereu "i^enrteilung ber ,!4eitpunft beö erftöfte gegen bie ^um 9?ad)teile feinblidier ?(ug länber ergangenen 3tugnal)megefel3e, alfo ingbefonbere gegen bie im britten Äapitel bef)anbeiten -U'ricgggcfelje auf bem (;^ebiete bt^ 'ipribatrcd)tg. 3m § 4 ift beftimmt, baß bie ©traffreibeit nid)t in 5(nfprnd) ge^ nommen merben fann für A^aublungen, bie nad) ber 5}iatififatton beg griebcng= üertragg begangen finb. 3)er § 5 @atj 1 erläutert bie Xrag= lüeite ber ju getoiüjrenben ©traffrei{)cit. §ieruad) ift öon ber ^lotififation bcg It appears as a law of humanity that those punishable acts which prisoners of war or interned or deported civilians have commit- ted in enemy land shall not be further prosecuted or penalized by the authorities of that land after the reestablishment of peace; for such persons have, as a rule, acted under the psychic impression of imprisonment, and besides they have frequently been severely punished according to the seriousness of their action. These considerations have been taken into account in Article 20, §§ 1,2. It further lies in the nature of a peace by understanding that nationals of one party should not be further prosecuted within the territory of the other party if they have acted in the interest of their fatherland and, in so doing, violated the laws of the adverse party. Article 20, § 3, therefore, provides in its first part for immu- nity in such cases, and in this con- nection it does not matter whether such cases concern political pun- ishable acts in the technical sense and whether or not the deed was committed during the war or even before the outbreak of the war. In the second part of this para- graph freedom from penalty is agreed to for infractions against the exceptional laws issued to the disadvantage of enemy aliens, and especially against the war laws within the sphere of private law treated of in the Third Chapter. In § 4 it is declared that im- munity from penalty may not be claimed for acts that have been committed after the ratification of the Peace Treaty. In its first sentence, § 5, ex- plains the scope of the exemption from penalty that is to be granted. In accordance there- with, and from the day of the 82 THE UKRAINE PEACE. ^ricbenööcrtraQcö on eine Unterfu= ^inigö^ ober ©trafbaft megen ber unter bie 3Imne[ticbcftinnnnugcn falknbcn ^anbhmgen nid)t nicf)r ftnttliaft. 3)ie 3ntcrcf)"cn be^ nniucflierenbcn 'otaated er[d)cinen bnrd) bte 3}iög(itf)fcit ber %uü<^ n3ctfung ber nnineftiertcn ']>erfoncn ini attgcnieinen liinrcirfienb gcUHtljrleiftet. S'hir für Ärtcg\5gcfangerie, boren %b= [d)iebung nid)t intnier foglcid) niöglid) fein Vüirb, nutzte bie im £n^ 2 entiia^ tcne ©onbcrbefiininmng Dorgefe!)en Ser- ben, tüonad) fic, folueit eö fid) um be= ftimmte ©traftaten befonbcri5 fd)Uierer 9^atur lianbcU, bU ^u ihrer (Sntlaffnng in C")aft gehalten merben fönneu. 'ee{faft= DerftiinbUd) bleibt in bcn ivilllen be^ 5Irtifel 20 bie ä)(*ögtid)feit offen, ha^ bie amneftierten '^^^crfoncn in if}rem ^eimatöftaate bcftraft merbcn, fonicit beffen ©efet?e e^ ^utaffen. 5)ie im 3lrt. 21, § 1, 2 angeführten J-ällc ber '^(mnefticrnng Don 3n'änbern finben ihre iöcgrünbung in ber Xatfadie, büf^y eö fid) um iycrfct)(ungen baubelt, bie im ä)cad)tbereid)e bce; Wegnerö uub ha- ber in ber 9iegel mehr ober nicnigcr unter beffen Ginftuf? begangen finb. 3n § 3 finb bie 53eftimmungcn bei? ?(rt. 20 über bie Xragiueite ber '2traf=^^ freibeit für amucnbbar crflart. 3)arü' ber hinauf ift riod) nereiubart, ha\] über bie beteiligten "i^erfonen unb ibrc %ami' lien !?)ied)t-Juad)tcile uid)t ncrbängt mer= beu bürfeu. (Sine entfpredicnbe il^creiu^ barnug fonntc für bie i^-äile beö ?lrt. 20 nid)t getroffen merben, meit baburd) ba(< 9ied)t, bie für bie Staat^ftcberbeit gefnbrlid)en ^Hui^länbcr auvSjuUieifen, in einer nid)t ertritglicbeu ilseife befd)räuft lüorben )üare. Hebrigeni< mären eö nad) allgemeinen oölferred)tlid)en (Mrunb^ fätjen nid)t anbiingig, bie gemäfe 21rt. 20 amneftierten ''Incilanber loegen ber in ratification of the Peace Treaty no arrest or imprisonment for acts coming under the provisions of amnesty are any longer admis- sible. The interests of the State granting amnesty seem to be sufficiently guarded tlu'ough the i:>()ssibility of deporting persons granted amnesty. Only with re- gard to war prisoners whoso removal could not always be I'oachly effected, the special pro- vision contained in clause 2 had to ])e foreseen, and according lo tills special provision, in so far ;!s concerns definite punishable acis of an especially grievous nature, war prisoners may be held under arrest until the time of their release. It is self-evident that in tiie cases mentioned under Article 20 there is always the possibility that persons granted amnesty will be punished in their home State in so far as the hitter's legislation permits. Those acts of amnesty granted lo the national inhal)itants and referred to in Article 21, §§ 1, 2, have their reason in the fact that this concerns contraventions wliich are committed within the sovereign jurisdiction of the op- ponent, and, hence, as a rule, more or less under tlie hitter's influence. In § 3, the provisions of Arti- cle 20 regarding the scope of impunity are declared applicable. Over and above this it has been agreed that legal prejudices may not be imposed upon the persons involved and upon their families. An adequate agreement could not l)e come to with regard to the cases of Article 20, because there- l>y the right, to deport aliens liangerous to the safety of the State, would have been consider- ably restricted. Furl hermore, ac- cording to the general principles of international law, it would not be admissible to prejudice in their private })roperty riglits, and MEMORANDUM TO EEICHSTAG. 88 9iebc ftctienbeu .*panbhinc5cu nu[ abnüni= [tratbem iTöcge in tfiren pritiatcu iser^ mögenörecf)ten .5U bcctnträditigcn. Wid)t aniücubfaar auf bie (vällc beö ?lrt. 21 ift bie ^cltiminnuo bcS ?(rtifc( 20 § 4 liber bie jeitUctc 33eörcu5ung ber ©traffreitieit, ha biefc ^egret^uiui in ben gälten beö ?lrt. 21 nicbt bnrdi bie 3?atififatton be§ J^riebenööertrage^, fon^^ bern burcf) bie bauer ber .trieg§ge= fangen[d)aft, 3nternierung ober i^er^ fd)i(fung (§ 1) ober ber Offnpatiou (§ 2) gegeben i[t. ■^ei ben 53erbanb(nngen über bie ^^Imneftiefragc beftanb tSinigfeit bar= über, bafe eö münd^enöniert [ei, bie Straffreiheit nod) anf Weitere jvöile jn erftrecfen. ®cr Slbgrenpmg biefer italic [tettten fid) aber '2d)nncrigfeiten entge= Qen,inöbefonbere infolge beö Umftanbe^, bafe fid) beibe i)ertragfd)(ief3enben Jeile nod) mit anberen ä)atd)ten im .f^rieg§= juftanbe befinben. !Der ^^lbfd)tnfe ti}ei= terer ^Vereinbarungen über bie otraf- freibeit nnirbe baber t.iorbet)aIten. 3ld)teö .ft'aöitel. rie in bie öcinaft beö (^kgnerö ge ratcnen .^nnffabrteifd)tffc ^erfaUen in 3niei .s^auptgruppen, nämlid) bie ^Suu bargofcbiffe, b. i). bie 3d)iffe, bie bei Ä'rieg«(au^'brud) in ben .saufen beg ©egncrö lagen, nnb bie 'i^rifenfd)iffe, b. b- bie @d)iffe, bie aU %hi\cn auf= gebracht unb in einem öafen beg 9fel)meftoat§ eingebrad)t ober Perfcnft irorben finb; entfpred)enbeg gitt Hon ben Sd)iffölabnngcn. Die ^^k ber erften Wruppe finb inr 5(rtife( 23, bie ber jtneiten @rnppe im 3(rtifel 24 geregelt. J:ie 5lrtifel 25, 26 ent- I)alten iScftimnmngen über bie T^urd)= fü^rung ber getroffenen ^Vereinbarungen. through administrative channels, those aliens granted amnesty in virtue of Article 20, for acts as are here referred to. The provision of Article 20, § 4, dealing with the temporary limitation of impunity is not applicable to the cases coming under Article 21, because this limitation in the cases coming under Article 21 is not due to the ratification of the Peace Treaty, but. to the duration of captivity, internment, or to deportation {§ 1 ) or to occupation (§ 2). In the course of the negotia- tions concerning the question of amnesty it was agreed that it would be desirable to extend impunity to still other cases. Difficulties arose, however, with regard to the definition of such cases, es])ecially in consecpience of the, circumstance that both contracting parties were still at war with other Powers. The conclusion of furtiier agreements regarding impunity was tlierefore reserved. Eighth Chapter. The merchant ships which have come into the power of the oppo- nent are divided into two main groups, namely, embargo ships, that is to say, tliose ships wdiich at the outbreak of the war wero lying in the harbors of the oppo- nent, and the p'ize ships, that is to say, the ships which have been seized as prizes, brought to a harbor of the capturing State or been sunk; corresponding con- siderations apply to ship cargoes. Tlie cases falhng within the first group are regulated by Article 23, and those of the second group by Article 24. Articles 25 and 26 contain provisions pertaining to the carrying out of the agree- ments come to. 84 THE UKRAINE I'KACK. Unter ftaiiffal)iieifd.}if[cn ciucö ncr= tvac^dfdiUefjenben Jdle? ini Shine biefe«^ .<(topite(ö fiiib nit fid) fo.tdic .fi'aiiffalirtcif'.tiffc \n t)crftci)en, nielclie bic iviaggc biefcci Xcile'? in bcm ^eit- pnnft führten, \v>o fie in bic C'^eUmtt be^ ©cflnerö ßerieten. tsiir bic ufrainifcfie ©eite inirb e^. iiberbiec« barauf an= fonnnen, ob ein finnffftl)rteifd)iff ruf fifrf)er (vlagCiC in einem ieljt ;;ur llfrnine oie^'örenbcti .s^nfen faebeimatet Umr. Tie im i'lrtifei 2'A uoroiefehenc ^c l)anb{ung ber (5nibaro,ofdiiffe entfpririit bcni ®ed)ftcn .öanger '^^(bfonnnen iifaer bic '!>^et)Qnblung ber feinbiidicn ,^fauf fabrteifdnffe fccini i'!ucU)rudi ber jseinb feHiafcitcu t^oni 18. Cftober 1907. ^^'i^ciö bic nad) ?{rtifel 2 bicf^^ ?lbfoni mm^ fitr angeförberte ^^diiffe ^n gablenbc ^l^ergutunfl betrifft, fo mufetc bem llniftanb ^licdiiumg getragen n>er ben, baf^ bie '?(nforberniig unb !i8c nnl5ung bcntfc[]er ©diiffe in hen ^yd\c\\ be^ 5d)iiiar.:;en 'l)i\'erec< in ber Siegel nid)t burd) bic llfrainifdio l-Kegierung, fonbern burch bic ^licgterung be?i cbe nmligcn ':'Tiuffifdien .*iidiferreicb^:< crfofgt ift. ®ie Siegelung ber 'i'ergiitung tDurbe baber einer bcfonberen i^erein barung liorbebalteii, über bereu .^eit ^unft bie gleichen protofoKarifdH'u (Sr fiärungen abgegeben unirben, mie bin^ ficbtUd) ber entfpredieubeu '-l^orbcbaltc in ben :^h"tifc(n 8, 13 bcei 8ufatv " ncrtragei. Tabci Uuirbe inbee* an^- briicf(idi feftgeftcfit, \)a\') bie llfrainifdie 5>oIförcpub(if für bcntfdie (Snibargo= fdiiffe, bic Hon ibr ober auf ibrc 'i^cran laffnug ben.ntjt morben finb, cine cut fprcdienbe ^i^ergiitnug obuc Uu'itercet leifteu unrb. Tie '^eftininuiugeu be^ '^Irtifcl 24 über bie nlö ^]3rifeu aufgcbrad)ten .ri'nnf= fnbrteifd]iffc iinh Sdnffi^Iabungcu geben baPon nuö, bof? as ^ur 33ernicibung langluierigcr ®trcitigfeiten unb Sici^ bungcn geboten ift, auf eine !!Ö}ieber^ Under the term merchant ships of a contracting party, in the sense of this Chapter, such mer- chant ships are micant as flew the flag of this partj^ at the time when thicy came into the power of the opponent. As regards the Uk- raine, it will furthermore be nec- essary to determine whether a inerchant ship flying the Russian flag was in home waters when lying in a harbor now belonging to the Ukraine. The treatment foreseen in Arti- cie 23 with regard to embargo ships corresponds to the Sixth. Hague Convention of 18 October, 1907, dealing with the treatment of enemy merchant ships at the outbreak of hostilities. As regards the compensation to be paid in accordance with Article 2 of this Convention^ for ships requisi- tioned, consideration had to be given to the fact that the requisition and use of German ships in harbors of the Black Sea took place, as a rule, not through the Ukrainian Government, but through tlie Government of the foi mer Russian Empire. Tlie set- tlement of the matter of compen- sation was, therefore, reserved for a special agreement with -egard to whose date, the identical pro- tocol explanations were drafted even &s with regard to the cor- responding reservation in Arti- cles 8 and 13 of the supplemen- tär}/ treat} . It was, at the same time, expressly established that for German embargo ships used by or upon its solicitation, the Ukrainian People's Republic will make proper compensation with- out any further action. The provisions of Article 24 dealing with merchant ships and ship cargoes captui'ed as prizes rest on the idea that it is neces- sary, in order to avoid wearisome difficulties and frictions, to re- 1 James Brown Scott, The Hague Convention and Declarations of Peace, 1S9.9 and 1907, (New York, Carnegie Endownnirnt lor Inteinationnl Peace, 1915). p. 141. MEMOEANDUM TO EEICHSIAd. 85 aufroKuug ber burd} redit^fräftigeö Urteil aligcfdiloffcucn prifeiigeriditiidien 5>er[al)reu ,511 t-eqiditcu. 3^icfe 'rlccge-^ lung ift nitd) in ben niciften Jyrieben'?' beitragen ber neueren Beit getroffen irorben, beifoietecife im ?(rtifel 13 bc^? ivranffLirter ivricbenei. T)k mannigfadicn 5yi'a0cn ted)nitd)cr 3!rt, bie fid) bei ber 3)urd)fü£)rung ber 93eftimnuingen ber 5(rtifel 23, 24 öorau<5fid)tIid) ergeben icerben, licf^cn c^3 sirerfniäfüg erfdieinen, eine gemifd)te Äomniifflon mit neutralen ißorfiljenben ^5U ibrcr l'öfung gn berufen (5(rtifel 25). Tik aufjergeiuiDbnüdien ^erbältniffe, bie ber äl^eltfricg auf bcm ©ebiete ber ©eefdnffabrt gefdiaffen bat, nnb bie mit bem ?tbfd)(uB eine^ Sonberfriebcue* ntd)t fogkid) berfd]lyinben, uierben unter llmftänben ba^ii fübren, bafi J?anffabrteifd)iffc einer biSber fcinb- Ud)en (Viagge nidit in ber Vage fiub, non ber öertrageimä^ig gugefidierten il^e= fugniei ^^ur .Speimrcife ©ebraud) ju mad)cn, menn ibnen bie 53e{)örben be^ Stufentbalt^ftaat^ babel nidit (Snlgegen= fommen bemeifen. 'Die^^ gilt bcifpiclö= tneife für bie iöefdiaffung tiou 53unfer= foblen, bie ©eJninnung öon l'otfen nnb bie jur i^ermeibung Hon unterfecifdicn DJJinen crforberIid)en älJaf^naijnien. Cvni 5lrtife( 26 fid)ern fid) baf)er bie licr= tragfd)(ief5cuben Jeile gegenfeitig jcbed möglid)e öntgegenfommen in bicfer ^inftd)t SU. gieunte« Kapitel. S?on ben ®d)(ufebcftimmungeu ift bie be^ Hrtifel 27, monad) ber ,3iiffi^= bertrag einen Juefent!id)en 33eftanbteil beS i^'i'ieben'jbcrtragi5 bilbet, unb bie ibn betreffcnbcn ÜiatifiFationetnrfnnben ju^ gleid) mit ben i'TiatiftFationöurfunben beö (S'i^icben^Jbertragd aue!getanfd)t wer- ben foUcn, bereite im 8iifammen()ang nounce the reopening of any prize proceedings brought to a con- clusion through legal judgment. This regulation has likewise been adopted in most of the treaties of modern times, for instance, in ArtidelS ofthe Frankfurt Peace. ' The multitudinous questions of a technical character which will arise probably in the carrying out of the provisions of Articles 23 and 24 make it appear advisable to appoint, for their solution, a mixed commission with a neutral chairman (Ai'ticle 25). The extraordinary conditions which the world war has brought about within the field of maritime navigation and wliich will not at once disappear with tlie conclu- sion of a separate peace, will in certain circumstances bring it about that mercliant ships of a hitherto enemy flag will not be in position to make use of the contractual assured authority to sail to home waters, in case the authorities of the State where they are stationed do not readily consent thereto. This, by weij of illustration, applies to the secur- ing of bunker coal, the recruiting of pilots and those measures necessary to steer clear of sub- marine mines. Therefore, in Ar- ticle 26 the contracting parties mutualh- assure to one another every possible assistance in this respect. Ninth Ciiaptek. As regards the final provisions, tliat of Article 27 according to which the supplementary treaty forms an essential part of the Peace Treaty, and according to which the respective ratification acts shall be exchanged simul- taneously with tlie T-atification acts of the Peace Treaty, has al- leady been discussed in connec- » 10 May, 1871. 62 British and Foreign State Papers, p. 82 ;^6 THE UKRAINE PEACE.' mit ben glcid)artigcn iBcftintmungen be§ öauptticrtrags! erörtert inorbcn. 2)a{^ «Icid)e gitt Hon 5(rttfel 28 mi 1, ber baö fl(cid),5eitigc 3nfi'nfttrctcn be^S ,Su[n}jncrtrag<5 iinb bec^ 5^'icbcn^0er= tragö Dorfieht. ©er Bufalnxn'trag bebarf aber teil'g auf ("»nnmb befoiibcrer 33orbeha!te (benji. ?lrtifd 9 %h\. 3, ^>(rtifcf 17, ^^(rtifel 22) tctiö Uiegeii bei^ norläuftgcu (i[)araftcrö ber in ibnt cntbaltcieii $)iege!uTU3eu (liergL i 'S. ?{rttfc( 7 § 3, ?(rtifel 8, 5(rtifct U) crgänscnber ^öefthinnungen, bic nur auf (^)ruub nou ^k'rbanbhmgeu unter ^u^^iebung Hon Sadilierfränbigen beibcr Xcile getroffen werben tonnen. 3!)ie ju bicfem .^mecfe einjufeljenbe .rromniiffion foK und) ?irtifcl 28 3(bf. 2 binnen liier ^Dc'onaten nad) ber 9iatifi= fatlon be^s gi'tebenc-oertragö an einem Crte jufammentreten, ber mit 9iücf= fid)t auf bie nod) nngcflärten ißer- t)a(tniffe fpiiterer 33eftimmnng üor= bebalteu ift. tion with the similar provisions of the chief Treaty. Tlie same applies to Article 28, Paragraph 1, whicli provides for the simul- taneous going into force of tire supplementary treaty and of the Peace Treaty. Owing in part to special reser- vations (see Article 9, Paragraph 3; Article 17; Article 22) and in part to the provisional nature of the regulations contained in it (see for instance, Article 7, § 3; Article 8; Article 2), the supple- mentary treaty requ res comple- mentary provisions which may be reached only on the basis of negotiations with the help of experts of both parties. The commission which is to be estab- lished to tliat end, shall, accord- ing to Article 28, Paragraph 2, meet within four months after the ratification of the Peace Treaty at a place which, in view of the still obscure conditions, is reserved for designation in a later provision. 9. UKRAINE— CENTRAL POWERS. ANNEX TO THE MEMORANDUM ON THE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE CENTRAL POWERS AND ON THE SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY BETWEEN UKRAINE AND GERMANY, SUBMITTED TO THE REICHSTAG BY THE GERMAN CHANCELLOR, 19 FEBRUARY, 1918.' [German text as transmitted to the Depart- ment of State, taken from Reichstags- drucksache, iVo. 1293.] S)eutfd) = ru[ftfd)er §anbeU = unb ©c{)it[alirtööertrac5 non 1894/1904. [Xk auf ©ninb be« grieben^lievtraöei^- üoiu 9. tyebruar 1918 im it)ed)fclfettigcn S?crfcf)r nut ber Uf'rainifd)en ^i^oIf^rcpiibUf iwgfalkn^ ben SBcftiminungen finb fleiti, bie neu [lin^i^- tretenben $^cftimmungen gesperrt gebrncftl 5IrtifeI 1. [ Translation.] Russo-German Treaty of Com- merce AND Navigation of 1894/1904. [The provisions which on the basis of the peace treaty of February 9, 1918, are aliolished with regard to the mutual traffic with the Ukrainian People's Re- public are in small type, and the new provisions are in italics.] Article 1. ©ie ?(ngef}örigcu eiiie^ bcr bcibcn ttcrtragfcfiließenbcn Xcile, nie(d)e [id) in bcin ©ebiete beö anbercn Xcilcö nicbergelaffen haben ober fid) bort lior= iibergeticnb aiiflialteu, foUeii bort im 63aiibe(ö= unb ©elnerbcbetricbc bic nöm= lidicn 9icd)te geniefjcn unb feinen döbcren ober anbcren '>[bgaben untermorfen merben oU bic 3ntünber. Sic fottcn in beni ©ebictc beö anbereu Jci(c^ in iebcr C^infid)t bicfclbcn 9ied)tc, ^X^xM' (egieu, Breitseiten, 5i^egünftiguugcn nub Befreiungen ftnben Jyie bic 2tngel)örigen bco niciftbegünftigten ?anbeö. (S<^ t)errid)t iebod) baniber t5intier= ftänbui^, bafe burd) bie Uorftebcnbcn iöefttmmungen bie bcfonberen ©efetje, The nationals of one of the con- tracting parties estabhshed in the territory of the other party, or residing there temporarily, shall there enjoy, as regards the exer- cise of commerce and industry/ the sa,me rights as, and shall be subject to no higher or other duties than, the inhabitants. They shall on joy in all respects within the territory of the other part}^ the same rights, privileges, immunities, preferences and ex- emptions as the nationals of the most favored nation. It is agreed, however, that the above stipulations in no way prejudice the special laws, ordi- ' This sets forth the Russo-German Treaty of Commerce and Navigation of 1894 (English text in 86 British and Foreign State Papers, p. 442), as modified by the Additional Convention of 1904 ( French text in 97 British and Foreign State Papers, p. 1040), with the changes and additions which are provided for in the Treaty of Peace between the Ukraine and the Central Powers, 9 February, 191S. 87 88 THE UKEAINE PEACE. Grlnffc uiib i^crorbiiuiigen auf bent ©e* biete beö §»n!ibcl^3, bcv ©ctöcrbe imb ber *53oU5ci nid)t berührt incrbcn, lüeld)e in jebcni ber bciben t)crtragfd)Iie^enbcn ?änbcr gelten ober gelten inerben unb auf alte ^Hut^Utnber Jtumeubung finbcn 3(rtiFcI 2. S)ie ?lngcbörigen jcbcö ber beiben liertragfd)(icf3cnben STeitc folfen in bem C>^ebicte beö anbercu ^Teileö berecl}tigt [ein, jebe ?{rt Don ^elüeglirf)em ober unbeincgticbem 33ermögen ju ertnerben unb ju befitjen, foiücit btefeö 9^ed)t nadi ben !i^aubec*gcfetjeit ^(ngefiörigen irgenb=^ einer freniben ^}Jation fetjt ober fünftig 5uftebt. ®ie fotlen beredjtigt fein, barüber burd) 93crfauf, Jaufd), ®d)en= hing, (?i)efd){iefning, (elften 2[ßitten ober auf auberc 333cifc ju öerfügen, fo^ tüie S^crmögen burd) (Srbfd)aften ju ermerbeu, unb stnar unter benfetben 53ebingnngcn, nictdic jeljt ober fünft ig für bie ?(ngebörigen irgcnbeiner anberen freniben 'i'tation befteiien, obue in einem ber genannten ^-äile unter irgenbeiucr ^^e.'^eidiuung anbereii ober böbcren 5{b^ gaben, ©teucrn ober 'i'luflagen unter- umrfen ,5U fein ak^ bie ^nbiuber. S)ie breijährige ("s'nft, bie burd) ben .^Jaiferlicf) 9iuffifd)cn llfaci üoni 14. 93t ärj 18S7 für bie 'i^eränfeeriing ber ?icgenfdiaftcn feitene^ ber i*(ncilänber feft= gcfeljt inorben ift, unrb für bie beut^ fdieu 9ieidiöangehövigcn auf ,^ebn 3abrc ncrUlngcrt. 3)ie '^gebörigen eiue^j jebcn ber bciben lun'tragfdilief^cnben Teile fotlen hcn i2v\M aui? bent ^-I'erfaiife ibreö (S'igentumei unb ibr ^i^ermögen übcr= baupt unter ^eobad)tung ber ^''anbci?^ gefel?e frei ati^üfübren fönnen, obnc aU '^'lue'Ulitbcr ?,ur öntriditiuig aitbcrcr ober btibcrer ^Ibgaben nerpfliditct ^u ^ciu, ak> bie 3nlänber unter glcidien i^crbnlt- niffcn :;u cntrid)ten baben mürben. Sie folleu tmter ^eobad)tuug ber l^anbeeigcfctje freien .Butritt ju ben @erid)ten baben, unt alö .^Tliiger ober nances and regulations respect- in«^ commerce, industry and police which are or ma}' be in force in cither of the two con- tracting countries and which are apphcable to all aliens. Article 2. T\\e nationals of each of the two contracting parties shall have, within the territory of the other, the right of acquiring and posses- sing all such kinds of real and per- sonal property as the laws of the country allow, or may allow, the nationals of any foreign Power to acquire and possess. They may dispose of such property by sale, exchange, gift, marriage, testament or in any other manner, and acquire it by inheritance on the same conditions as are estab- lished for the nationals of any other foreign Power, without be- ing subject in any of the cases mentioned to any dues, taxes, or assessments under whatever name, other or higher than those established for the national in- habitants. The period of three years which through the Imperial Russian Ukase of March 14, 1887 ' has been fixed for the disposal of real estate on the part of aliens, is ex- tended to ten years for the Ger- man imperial nationals. TJie nationals of each of the two contracting parties may freely ex- port the product of the sale of their property and of their goods generali}^ under the observance of the law of the country, without being subject as aliens to other or higher duties than those which thö national inhabitants would have to pay in similar circum- stances. Under observance of the laws of the country, they shall have the right of free access to the courts either to brins: an action or to de- ' 78 Brilish and Foreign State Papers, p. 49. MEMORANDUM TO REICHSTAG: ANNEX. 89 $5cf{agte aufzutreten, unb [offen tu biefer §iu[id)t alle 9ied)te unb S3efret= ungen ber ^nlänber gcniefien unb inie btefe befugt fein, ftd) tu jeber 9ied)t[ad)c ber burd) bic ^anbe^gefeije jugelaffencn ^(ulüälte, (2ad)n3alter unb ^Bertreter ieber 2Irt ju bebtenen. 2trtifet 3. !Die SIngebörtgcn jebcö ber öcrtrog^ fdilie'feenbeu -Teile foHen in beni ©ebiete beö aubercu ju @erid)tö=, ?lbmini* ftratiö= ober 9!)cunijipalbieuften, mit ?lu^nabme ber S?ormuub[diaft, nid}t OerpfUd)tet fein; efcenfo bleiben fie frei Don iebeni perföididien S)ieufte im l^anbl)eere, in ber 9}(arine, in ber 9xefert)e ber ?anb= unb ©eemad)t unb in ber 9?ationaIriiiIi,5, foiuie Oon nflen haften, i^lnaug'»efc((fd]aften, Uield)e in einem ber beiben ?änber nad) ben befte^enben (^kfet^en rcd)tSgü(tig erriditct Sorben finb unb bort il)rcn @itj t)aben, follen in bem anbereu Vanbe aU gefeijlid) be- ftebeub auerfaunt Uierbcu unb bort u.ameutlidi baS ^liedit babcn, for ®e= rid)t aU .Kläger ober ala> 53ef(agte ^13ro= Seffc zu fübren. fend themselres, and tlie^y shall in this respect enjoy the same rights and immunities as the national inhabitants, and like these latter they shall have the right to em- ploy in their legal action the law- yers, attorneys and agents of all classes allowed by the laws of the country. Article 3. The nationals of each of the contracting j^arties shall, within the territory of the other, be ex- empt from all obligatory official duties, whether judicial, admin- istrative or munici])al, excepting only that of guardianship; they are likewise exempt from all per- sonal service in the army, navy, land or naval reserve, and national guard, and from all burdens, forced loans, military requisi- tions and services of every nature which may be imposed during the war or in consequence of extraor- dinary circumstances ; exemp- tion is nevertheless made in the case of charges incumbent on the possession, by whatsoever title, of real property, as well as in the case of obligatory military billets, and other special services for the 'military forces, to which the national inhabitants and the na- tionals of the most favored nation are subject as owners, renters, or lessors of immovable property. Article 4. Joint stock companies and oth- er commercial, industrial or finan- cial com])anies which have been established legally in one of the two countries in accordance with the existing laws and there have their domicile, shall be recognized as having a legal existence in the other country and, especially, they shall have there the right to institute actions before the courts as plaintiffs or as defendants. 90 THE UKBAINE TEA CiL. (So t)crvid)t iebod) bariibcr (Sinoer^ ftänbniö, ha\^ biircii bie üorfief)enbe ^e[tiniiming bie J^ragc nicfit berü{)rt tnirb, ob bcrartiflc in einem ber beiben ?änbcr ciTid)tctc (^>cfc({[diaftcn in bent nnbcrcni Vanbe ^nm -Spnnbel^^- inib @e= nierbcbctriebc uHicfaffcn roerbcn folten ober nidit. Tiefe ivracjc bleibt, lüie bi^t)er, ben in bcm betreffenben Sanbe beftebenben ober nod) einjnfiilirenbcn 59e[timmungen t»orbeI)a{ten. 3n iebcni (vallc foKen bie Qebad)tcn ^cfeHfdiaften in bem anberen ^'anbe bicfclben ^Ticdite gcnicfien, \mldK ben gleid}artigcn CsVM'eni'dinftcn irgenbcine^? ?rtnbe'3 jnffehen ober jngcftanben merbcn foKtcn. 5trtife( 5 (nite A-aiTung). T^ic iicrtragfd)Iiefeenben Jeile iicrpflid)tcu I'tdi, ben gegcnieiti= gen 'lun'febr siinfd)cn bciben Vnnbern bnrd) fetncrlei G'infnbr ober 5Iu'g^ fubroerbote ju benmicu, and) bie freie ^Tnrdifnhr gu geftntten, folrcit e>3 ftcf) nic^t inn Sl'cfle l)anbclt, bie ber Turdifuk- berfcfiloffer. [inb cber foin ft)erben. ?lndnn(}nicn finb nnr für foldie (Srsengniffc sntäffig, meldie auf bem ©cbiete eine^ ber öcrtragfd)UeBenben 2'eife hen ©cgcnftcmb cine§ otnatö= monoiDol^? bilbeu ober bilben nicrben, fomic and) für gcmiffe (Srjcngniffe, für bie onö ^)iücffiditen auf bie @efunb= I)cit, bie '-lsctcrinärtioli:;ei nnb bie öffcntlidic Sidicrbeit ober aui> anbc= ren fdiUHH-micgenben (suiinben anßcr= orbentlid)c 'ikrbotijmafjregein ergeben fönnten. ?(rtifel 5 (neue ^-affung). rie ocrrragfd)(ief3enbcn Xeile oer- pflid]ten fid), ben gegcnfeitigen 5>crfebr 3tt)ifd)en bciben l'änbcrn bnrd) feinerlei (iinfubr^, '^(u^^fubr= ober S)nrd)fubrt)er= bote ju bcmmcn unb bie freie S)urd)fu()r ^n gcftatten. It is, however, agreed that the preeediiij^ provision does not af- fect the question whether such companies, organized in one of the two countries, shall or shall not be admitted to the other countrv for the purpose of engag- ing in commerce and in industry. This question, as hitherto, will remain subject to the provisions wliich exist or which may come to exist in the respective country. In every case the above-men- tioned companies of the one countr}' must enjoy the same rights in the countrj' of the other contracting party as those ac- corded or to be accorded the compaiiies of any country w^hat- soever. Article 5. (Old text). The contracting parties obligate tliemselves not to obstruct re- ci]:irocal traffic between the two countries by any prohibitions of importation or exportation, and to grant free transit, except oA'er routes which are not or may not be open to transit traffic. ExceptioJis may only be made with regard to such products as are or may be, within the terri- tor}^ of one of the contracting parties, the subject of a State monopoly, and to certain prod- ucts which, for reasons of sani- tation, of veterinary police and public safet}^ or for other consid- eratioiis of great importa]\ce, might be the subject of extra- ordijiary measures of prohibition. AftTici.E 5. (New text). The contracting parties obli- gate themselves not to obstruct the reciprocal trade betw^een the two countries by any prohibitions of importation, exportation or transit, and to urant fi"ee transit. MEMORANDUM TO REICHSTAG: ANNEX. 91 3hi{^UQt)mcu I'inb nur für fo(dic (är= Seiigniffe julaffig, inclitc mif bcin Ge- biete cine^ bcr ncrtragfdiUeBeubcn 3leile ben ©egenftanb eineö ©tanteimonüpote bttbcn ober Uihcn mcrben, foiüic and) für gclinffc örjengniffe, für bte nuö ^vücffid)ten auf bic CMefunb()eit, bic '!i.^ctcrlnärpoli5ci nnb bie öfientUdic @id)crbeit ober aiiQ anberen fdilner^ tüicgcnbcn p o I i t i f d) e n u n b ni i r t f d) n f t ( i d) c n @ r ü n b c n an^crorbentlidie i^erbotönmBregeln, t n ö b e f n b e r c im ,3 u f a w = m e n I) a n g mit bcr auf b c n Si r i c g f o ( g c n b c n U c b e r = g a n g '^ 5 c i t , ergeben fönntcu. Hrtifel 6. rie ruffifd)cn Stoben uub Üielrerbc^ erseugniffe, meldie im ITeutfdicn 3ieid)c, unb bic beutfd)en iBoben-- unb ©cmerbe= cr^euguiffe, Uieldie in 9iuf](aub ciuge^ füi)rt incrben, foHeu bort, fie mögen ^um ^serbraud) ober jur l'agcruug, jur SBicbcrnugfntjr ober jur 3^urd)fubr beftimmt fein, bcr näm{id)en S.^ebanb^ lung mic bie Srseugniffe bcö meift^ begünftigteu l'anbce^ uuterliegen. 3n feinem Jv^ftc iinh awä feinem (sH-unbe fotten fie böf)cren ober anberen Soften, ©cbübren, ©teuern ober ?(bgaben unter- luorfen fein, nod) mit ,3ufd)lägen ober einem ßinfubrücrbotc belegt lücrben, Oon benen uid)t and) bie gleid)artigcn (Srsc'ugniffe irgenbeiueö anberen Vanbeö betroffen lücrben. 3n'3befonbcrc tüirb jebe 33egünftigung unb (Srfeiditcrung, jebe 53cfrciung unb jebe Grmäfeigung bcr in bem l^^cneraftarif ober in bcn 33ertragötarifen cntljattcnen (Singangö-^ söffe, lncld)e einer ber OertragfdHie^^ ^enbeu STeife einer britten Mad)t bauernb ober ,^eitlDeifc, c^ue Oiegenleiftung ober mit .^(ompenfation :,ugeftcbt, of)ne inci= tercd unb bebingnng^^, oorbebnfte!= ober fompenfatiüus^foe( auf bie 53obeu=^ uub @eir)erb^er^^eugniffe bcö anberen au^-- gebef)nt lucrbcn. Exceptions may be made only in regard to such products as are or ma}' be, \^ ithin the territory of one of the contracting parties, the subject of a State monopol}^ and to certain products which, for reasons of sanitation, of veteri- nary pohce and pubhc safety or for other important political and economic reasons miglit be the subject of exceptional measures of prohibition, especially in con- nection with the transition period following tlie war. Article 6. The products of the soil and industry of Russia when imported into Germany, and the products of the soil and industry of Ger- many when imported into Russia, and intended either for consump- tion or for storage, for reexporta- tion or for transit, shall be subject to the same treatment as the products of the most favored country. In no case and for no reason whatever shall they be subject to higher and other tolls, dues, taxes or assessments, • nor shall they be subject to increases or to any prohibition of importa- tion to which similar products of any other country are not subject. Especially, every preference and concession, every exemption and every reduction in the importa- tion tolls contained in the general tariff or in the contractual tariffs which one of the contracting parties may grant to a third Power, permanently or temporari- ly, without reciprocal concession or compensation, shall immedi- ately and unconditionally, with- out reservation or compensation, be extended to the products of the soil and industry of the other. 92 THE UKRAINE PEACE. fa-tlM 7. ["^lotiy. Vic 'IkvtvaQi^taiiic, mclttc uiroeräiibcvt bicibcn, finb bier üicbt abgcbrucft inorbcn.] T^ie ill bcni bciltcöeiiben Xniif A be^cicbuctcii bcüt|d)cu iöobcn= unb (*>^e-= luerbccqciigiuffc foKeii bei ibrer (Sinfubr in 5)iiij?{aiib iiiib bic in bem bci'iegeiibcn Xarif B be5eid)uctcn ruffifdicn 53oben= unb (MctDcrbceqcugniiTe foUcu bei ibrer Ginfubr ill T^cut[d]Ianb feinen anbereii ober bbbercn (Jrinaraigi^jiuleu imter^ (iegen, alv< ben in biefen ?(ii(agen [cft^ ge[et?ten. 'Ilseiin einer ber lierrrag)d)iieBenben Xeile auf einen in ?(nbagc A ober Einlage B bee; gegenlnartigen ^Ncrtragii angc^ füf)rten ©egenftnnb einbcimi[d)er (Sr= Scugnng ober ^-nbrifatiou jnni 3?orteiI ber ®taatöfaf[e eine neue innere -Steuer ober Stfjife ober einen ,3nkblag ,5u einer foldien inneren ©teuer ober 3lf5ife (egeu foHte, fo fann ber gleid)artige @egen= [taub bei ber Ginfubr mit einer gleidicn ober entfpred)enbeu ^Ibgnbe belegt mcr- bcn, tioraiu^gefcljt, bafj bie[e ?(bgabe für bie ^13roücnicn,jen nlfer l'äiibcr gteirf) ift. ?(rtifc( 8. Article 7. [Note: The contractual tariffs which remain unchanged, have not been reprinted here.^J Products of the soil and indus- try of Germany specified in the accompanying tariff A shall not, on importation into Russia, and the products of the soil and indus- try of Russia specified in the accompanying tariff B sin all not, on importation into Germany, be subject to any other or higher import tolls than those fixed in the'^e annexes. If one of the contracting parties should establish a new internal tax or excise levied for the bene- fit of the State, or an increase to such an internal tax or excise, on any article of native production or manufacture coming under tariff A or tariff B annexed to the present treaty, the similar article may, on importation, be subject to an equal or corresponding tax, on tlie condition however that such tax be the same for the products of all countries. Article S. 3nuere '^(bgaben, mefdie in bem (*>^e biete cincö ber Uert:ragfd)liet3cnbeii ^Tcile für 9icd)ninig be^ Staate^, ber Wc= meinben ober ber .rj'orporationeii auf ber -.'perlHirbringung, ber ^Bearbeitung ober bem ißerbraud) eine^ Crrjcugniffeö ruben ober riibeii iiierben, bürfen für (Sraengniffe be? anberen Tcifee! unter feinem iLunlnanbe bi)ber ober läftiger fein aU flu- bie gleidiartigen (S'r^eugniffe bei^ eigenen l'anbei?. ?lrtifel 9. Internal taxes which are or are to be imposed, witliin the terri- tory of one of the contracting parties, for the account of the State, of communes, or of corpora- tions, on the production, the manufacture, or the consumption of an article, shall not, under any pretext be higher or more burden- some on the products of the other party than on similar products of tlie home country. Article 9. $ci ber Jhieifubr Hon 2[l^areu auß einem ber beiben i'tinbern nadi bem anberen bin-fcn feine anberen ober böberen 51u§gang§abgaben erboben iüer= No other or higher export du- ties sliall be levied on goods ex- ported from one of tlie two coun- tries to tlie other than those 1 See Sii British and Foreign State Papers, pp. 461-4S1, and 97 British and Foreign State Papers, pp. IÜ56-1084. MEMORANDUM TO REICHSTAG: ANNEX. 93 ben afö bei ber 2[uöfu{)r uad) beut in biefer 53e5ief)ung nieiftbec3ün[tiöten ?anbe. faid) jebe [oiift Hon eiuciii ber bertrgafcf)Uc§eiiben Jcile einer britten 9)tad)t für bie 2{uöfuf)r sugeftanbene SSegünftigung mirb oi^uc meiterec^ uiib bebingung^^lo^? bcm anbern ^uteit luer- ben. levied on the exportation of the same goods to the country the most favored in that respect. Likewise ever}^ other preference granted by one of the contract- ing parties to a third Power in regard to exportation shall imme- diately and nnconditionaily be extended to the other. ?[rtifel 10. 3)ie SBarcn aller 3trt, lüelcfje burd) ha^ ©ebiet eines ber betben Xeile auf einem ben Jraufitijanbcl geöffneten üßcge burcOgefüf)rt merben, foKen inedifelfeitig öon feber 3)urd)gangc!abgabe (Durd)= fufirabgabe) frei fein, fei eö, ba\i fte unmittelbar bnrdigefübrt inerbcn, fei t§, ha^ fie niä()renb ber 2)urd)fu{)r obgelabcn, eingelagert nnb mieber aiif= gelaben irerben. SIrtifel 11 (alte ^^ffung). £>ic 33eftinimuugcn beö gcgeninärtigen isci-= tragö berü()ren nidjt: 1. bie iöcgüuftigungeu, iuclcDe anberen angrenjenben Staaten jur t£r(eid}terung beö örtfiit'cn 5Bcrfe^rö inner(}ii(b einpr ©rensjone biö ju 15 km Streite gegeninürtig gelnäljrt ftnb ober in ^ufmift geuutbrt merben foUtcn, 2. bie üon Xeutfciilanb auf ('»'runb ber bcftc(icnben ^ofieiuigung bem ÖvoBlici.^Dgtum i?nrcmburg unb bcn öficn"cic{}ifd)en (>xmeinben 3ung()oIä unb SJJittelberg jugeftanbenen 58e= günftigungen, auf iuetdje .(^ebietöteile im übrigen bie ^^eftinimungcn bee( gegenwärtigen S3ertragö i*(nrccnbung finbcn, 3. bie S^egiinftigungen ir-eldie für bie (Sin= fubr ober 3{U':*fu()r bcn iBck)o()nern be« Öou= öernementö 3(rd)angcf foUne für bie ni1rb(id)cn unb öftlidjen Äiiften bcss nfiatifdjen 9iui;Ianbö (Sibirien) gcgcniiuirtig geiuäbrt finb ober in 3ufunft getüiifjrt icerben [oHten. 2)od) foE bie beutfd)e (Sinfubr in g(eid)cr SBcifc alte ber (Sinfußr eines europäifd}cn ober norbamerifanifd}en Staates in biefe C'kbicte eingeräumten ,3oI[er(eid)tcrungcn niitgeniejjen. G-S nnrb aufserbem ber S^orbcbcJt gemarf)t, bafibie 53eftimnnmgen ber 3(rtifc( 6, 9 unb 10 bcö gegenwärtigen iBcrtragä meber auf bie bcfonberen 3(bmad)ungen beö 53crtragg jnn= fd}en 9hif;Ianb unb ©d}lv)eben unb 9loru\'gen öom 26. 3lpriI/5. Wm 1838 nod) auf bie= jentgen SBereinbnrungen Jlnwenbung finbcn foKen, n)eld)e bie .«panbelebesicimugen mit ben xVrticle 10. Goods of all kinds in transit through the territory of one of the two contracting parties by a commercial route open to transit shall be reciprocally exempt from all transit dues, whether they pass directly or whether the}^ be un- loaded, stored, and reloaded dur- ino; transit. Article 11. (Old text). The pro\dsions of the present treaty do not ait'ect: 1. Preferences now granted or which may hereafter be granted to other frontier States to facilitate the frontier traffic witliin a frontier zone up to 15 kilo- meters in width; 2. Preferences granted by Germany, under the existing Customs Union, to the Grand Duchy of Luxembom-g and to the Austrian communes of Jungholz and jMittelberg, to which territorial regions the pi-o\isions of tlie present treaty apply; 3. Preferences now granted or which may hereafter be granted in respect to importation or exportation to tiie inhabit- ants of the Province of Archangel, as well as to the northern and eastern coasts of Asiastic Russia (Siberia). But German imjjortation shall equally enjoy all custons concessions granted to the importations of a European or North American State into these territories. Reservation is further made that the provisions of Articles 6, 9, and 10 of the present treaty do not apply to the special stipulations contained in the treaty con- cluded between Russia and Sweden and Norway on 2ö April/5 May, 1838,' nor to those which regidate or may regulate iiereafter the commercial relations with British and Foreign State Papers, p. 779. 85700—18- 94 THE UKRAINE PEACE. atigrcn^eiibcn ©tanten uiib Viiiibcrn ?(|lcnö regeln ober regeln merben. 5(iif biefe 2lb= mad)ungcn barf in feinem j^alte 33ejug ge= nommen iperben, nn: bie ,'panbc(i*- unb '5c^iff= fa{)rtöoer()iiItniffe, \x>k fie .^miftfien ben beiben »ertrag fdjiieftenben Jeilen burd) ben gegen= lüärtigen iscrtrag begriinbct morben finb abjuänbern. SIrtifel 11 (neue Jnffunc^). .^ein 3:eil iüirb bie 93 e^ Q ii n [ 1 1 ö u n g e n in ?l n j' p r u d) n e f) m e n , lu e I d) e b c r anbete 3: e i I i r e n b einem a n b e r e n ® t a a t e auf ® r u n b einer 6 e [ t e l) c n b e n ober f ü n [ t i g e n .3 1 1 e i n i 9 u n g , in i e fie j . ^ . ^ ID t f d) e n b e nt S) e u t [ d) e n 5)?ei(^e unb beni ©rofjfier- ^ogtnnx Suyemburg beftef)t, ober i nt f I e i n e n © r e n j ü e r = f e f) r b i ö in einer ® r e n ,j = 3 n e Hon 1 5 .ff i ( o m c t c r n 53 r e i t e g e lu ä li r t ober g e ^ m ä (} r e u lo i r b . 9irtife( 12. ilanfleute, ^yabrifanten unb anbere ©emcrfaetreibenbc, mefdic fid) burd) ben $3eft^ einer Don ben i^cbörben beö ^einiatlanbe? nuc^gcfcrtigten ('"»knierbe^ legitiniation{5fartc barüber an^n^cifen, ha^ fie in bcni 'Staate, \m fie i()ren S^ßobnfilj haben, juni Weluerbcbetrieb bered)tigt finb, foHen befugt fein, per^ fönlid) ober burd) bie in ibren 2)ienften ftebenbcn ^icifenbcn in bcni C^kbiete be^ anberen ncrtragfd)lie§enbcn 'Xeileö i[ßa= reneinfäufe ^n niadien ober ^öefteKungen, and) unter SDcitfübrniTg Hon 9}tuftern, ju fud)cn. ®ie gebad)tcn .fjaufieute, ^vabrifanten unb anberen C>k)t)erbe= treibenbcn ober v'panblungi^reifcnben fo(= len it>ed)felfcitig in ben bciben i'anbern f)infid)tlid) bcr '*13äffe unb ber ben ^pan- beföbetrieb trcffcnben iHbgabeu Une bie ?tngef)örigen bcr nieiftbegünftigten Ak- tion bet)anbelt tuerben. 2)ie ntit einer (^kmerbelegitinxa= tioneifarte ocrfcbencn ©ctuerbctreiben^ ben (§anblung^rcifenben) bürfen lüot)I the frontier States and countries of Asia. These stipulations may not in any case be invoked for the purpose of modifying the relations of commerce and na\-igati«n established by tlie present treaty be- tween the contracting parties. Article 11. (New text). ^ No varty tvill claim the prefer ences lülvicli the other party graiüs or will hereafter grant to any other State, on the basis of an existing or of a future customs union., such as exists, for instance, between the German Emjrire and the Grand Ducliy of Luxembourg, or in the restricted frontier traffic up to a frontier zone of 15 hilometers in width. Article 12. Merchants, manufacturers, and others engaged in industry prov- ing, by the possession of a Ucense card issued by the authorities of their home-land, that they are authorized to engage in trade in the State where they have their domicile, may, either personally or through commercial travellers in their service, make purchases of goods, and may, even by carrying samples with them, seek orders in the territory of the other contracting party. The said merchants, manufacturers, and others engaged in industry or commercial travellers shall in the two countries, be reciprocally treated in regard to passports and taxes laid on the exercise of com- merce, like the nationals of ■ the most favored nation. Those engaged in industry (commercial travellers) provided with a license card may carry ' Not provided for in the Treaty of Peace. MEMOBANDUM TO EEICHSTAG : ANNEX. 95 Sßarcnmufter aller 3Irt; aber feine Jöa- ren mit fidi [ül)reii. "gür jollpftid)- tige 0egcn[täubc, meld)e aU 9Jtufter Don bcn norfae^eidiTicteii Apaiibdiugö^ retfenben eingebracht incrben, Uiirb bei- berfeitö 33e[reiung Hon öingangv?= unb 5hiögang^abgaben nnter ber S>oran^fet= sung jugeftanben, baf? biefe öegcnftänbe, fallö [ie nirf)t öerfauft inorbcn [inb, binnen einer grift üon einem 3a^re lieber auögefüftrt iücrben, unb bie 3bcutität ber ein== unb Uiiebcrau^ge= füt)rten ©egenftrtnbe au^cr S^'Jcifel ift, lüobei e§ glcidigüttig fein \oU, über meld)e^ Zollamt bie C^kgenftänbc au^= geführt Inerben. 2)ie SSteberauöfubr ber 9)iufter mufe in beiben l^änbeni bei ber (iinfubr burd) 9Heber(egung bcö ^^etrageö ber be5üglid}en ^olfgebübren ober burd) ©idierftedung geluabrleiftet inerben. ®ie i.iertragfd)liefienben Xeile rocrben fic^ gegenfeitig 9JtitteiIung barüber machen, hieldie iöeborben jur Grtcilung Don ®en)erbetegitimattoneifarten be^ fugt fein foflen, nad) rpeldjeni ä)tuftcr biefe .harten ausgefertigt werben, unb tüeld)e 5.^orfd)riftcn bie 9ieifenben bei ^^(uöübung bei? C>^eroerbebetriebe^ gu bcad)ten babcn. ©ie '^Ingebörigen beS einen ber lier= tragfd)iiefecnben Xede, meldie fid) in ha^ ©ebiet beS anbcren iiun i^efudie ber 9J?effen unb iDtärfte begeben, um bort vSpanbel ju treiben ober ibre (Sr^eugniffe feil^ubatten, merben U)ed)fetfeitig mie bie 3niänber be'f)anbelt unb feinen böl)ercn ^){bgaben aU biefe unteriuorfcn iuerbcn. 3Irtife( 12a (alte Raffung). 'Die faiferlid) 9fuffifcf)c 9fegierun9 erflitrt fid) bereit, innerf)a(b einer 5"i^Ut öou brei 3al)ren nad) bem ^nfrafttreten beö ciegculüär= ligen IVrtragg mit ber Äaiferlid) Teiitfdien Siegiening in 3>erhanblungen megcn bcö 3{b= fd)luf|ed eineö Slbfommenö, betreffenb ben gegenfeitigen ©c^itlj be^ nrbeberred)t^ an SBerfcn ber ?iteratur, .ft'unft unb "iPbotogrQpIiie, linjutreten. samples of all kinds, but not any merchandise. Goods subject to customs dues imported as sam- ples by the aforementioned com- mercial travellers, shall, recipro- cally, be admitted free of import and export dues, on the condition that such articles, in case they are not sold, shall be re-exported \¥ithin a period of one year, and on the condition that the identity of the objects imported and re- exported is beyond doubt, in which case it does not matter thi-ough which customs ofRce the objects are exported. The re-exportation of samples must in both countries, upon their importation, be guaranteed either hy the deposit of the re- spective customs dues or by fur- nishing security. The contracting parties will reciprocally inform each other as to the authorities charged with the issuing of license cards, as to the form of these cards, and as to the rules to be observed by the travelers in following their in- dustrial pursuit. The nationals of one of the con- tracting parties betaking them- selves within the territory of the other party for the purpose of at- tending fairs and markets there to carry on trade or to offer their products for sale, will be recipro- cally treated as the national inhab- itants and shall not be subject to higher taxes than the latter. iVi-ticle 1 2a. (Old text). The Imperial Russian Government de- clares itself ready, Avithin a period of three years after the going in force of the present treaty, to enter into negotiations with the Imperial German Government with a view to the conclusion of a conven- tion concerning the mutual protection of copyright in works of literature, art, and photography. 96 THE UKRAINE PEACE. ?(rtifel 12a (neue gaffuiig). a) § i n f i d) 1 1 1 d) b e ^ g e * genfettige u ©c^utjeö beö Urf)eberred)teö an SBcrfen b e r Literatur, .f? u n f t u n b *^ (}otog rnp!)ie foUen im iBer = f) Ö 1 1 n i Ö s U) i f d) e n S) e u t f d) = I a n b u n b b e r 11 f r a i n i f d) e n 5B I f ^ r e )3 u b { i f b i e iö e [ t i m = m u n g e n .b e ö s m i f d) e n be in S)eut[d)eu 3ieid)e uub 9iu[5 = 1 a n b g c f d) 1 f [ e n c n -*i> e r t r a •= g eö Do ni 2 8. g e b r u a r 1913 gelten. b) § i n [ i d) 1 1 i d) b e ö g e = g e n f e i t i g e n © d) u t^ e ^ b e r So a r e n b e s e i d) n u n g e n f o 1 = I e n b i e S3 c f t i ni ni u n g e u b e r S)enaration Dom 2 3./1 1. 3 u H 18 7 3 and) in .8 u f u n f t m a ^ g e b e u b fein. iHrttfcf 13. X)te bciitfdjcu £d)iffc uub tbrc Cabuugeu foKcn in :"7i ufUaub, uub bic ruffifd)eu Sd)iffc uub ihre Vabuugcu follcii in r;cutfd)laub gmr^ luie fcic iulänbifdicn 5d)iffc uiib ifjrc I'a^ bungen bctinubelt mcrbeu, glcid)t)tcl, Hon 1130 bie öri)iffe nu^'gclnufcu ober Wiotj'm fie beftimmt fiiib, uub Wo^qv bic l^ibuttgen flaiuracu ober Uiobin fie bcftiunnt fiub. 3ebcci Ssorrcdit uub icbc S^cfrciuiui, Uicldie in bicfcr S3c5ic[)uug lion eiueui ber öertragfd)ücBciibcn Jeile einer britteu 99?ad}t eingeräumt Uicrbcu foUte, foU oI)nc iueitcrei^ uub bcbiugung^Io^^ and) bcm anberen Xcile suftcben. S3on hm liorftebeubeu S^eftimuiu'agcu iuirb iebod) cine ?luöna()mc gcnuid)t: a) in betreff bcricuigcu bcfoubcreu iöegüuftigungcu, iucfriie bem iidäubifdien gifdifaug uub bcffen (irjeuguiffcu in bem eiucu ober bcm aubercu I'anbe jct^t ober in ^ufunft gemrtlirt mcrbcu foUten, b) in betreff bcr ictjt ober fiinftig ber nationalen i?'auffaI)rteif(otte gcloäbrten S^cgünftigungcu. Article 12a. (New text). a) With regard to the mutual protection of copyright in works of literature^ art, and photogravhy, the provisions of the treaty of 28 Fel)ruary, 1913, concluded heiween the German Empire and Russia, shall apply to the relations between Germany and the llcraman People s Repuhlic. h) With regard to the mutual protection of trade-7nar'ks, the pro- visions of the declaration of 23111 July, 1S73, shall lilceynse apply in the future. Article 13. German ships and their carg'oes shall bo treatetl in Russia, and Russian ships and their cargoes shall be treated in Germany, abso- lutely as the national ships and their cargoes, no matter from what country the ships may have sailed or whither they- are di- rected, and whence the cargoes originated or whither they are destined. Every privilege and every ex- emption which in this respect should be granted by one of the contracting parties to a third Power, shall immediately and un- conditionally 1)0 granted likewise to the other party. In respect of the precedmg pro- visions, an exception will, never- theless, be made: a. In respect of those special ])riyileges now granted or which might be granted hereafter to national fishery and its products in the one or the other country; b. In respect of preferences now granted or to be granted in the future, to the national merchant fleet. MEMOEANDUM TO REICHSTAG: ANNEX. 97 Xiie ^eftiiiimumjeu be«; gcöeiilnnr- tigcn 3?ertragö [inben feiiic 5lumcn- bungcn auf bte Äüften[d)iffa!)i:t, lueldie nad) iDie öor burci^ bie hi jcbcm bcr beiben l^änber jet^t ober füuftig iii Äraft [tc{)enben ©efcije geregelt Uiirb. S'nimerlnu [oli eö ben bcutfd)cn unh ritfufdicti Sitiff'eu [rciitctKU, niiv< eiiiciii .•pafcii be«? einen ber beiben Dertrag^ fd)Iie^cnbcn i^ctnbcr nnd) einem ober niedreren Sbä^m hz^iclhcn l'anbeö ju fatiren, fei esi, um bort bie auö bcm Sluölanbe mitgebradite Vaburig ganj ober teitoeife ju löfd)en, ober in eine nad) bem tluölanbe beftimmte l'abung ein^uuetimen ober ju ergänzen. Hrtifel 14. -Die ^Nationalität ber Sd)iffc foU beiberfeitö nad) ben jebem Vanbe eigen- tümlid)en ©efeljen unb i^erorbnnngcn auf ®runb ber an ^orb befinb(id)en, burd) bie jnftänbigen 53cl)örbcn nue!ge= fteltten Urfunben unb 'J^atente ancrfannt lüerben. Tik üon bcm einen bcv Vertrag fd)Iic^enben Xeile aneigeftcdten 5d)iffö= mefebriefe merbeu nad) ^JcVifjgabe ber jtuifdum ben beiben riertrag|ri)Ue|]enbcu Steilen getroffenen ober ^u treffcnben befonberen iBerein bannigen Oon bem anbercn Teile anerfannt merben. 3(rtifcl 15. X"ie beutfd)en ®d)iffc, Uie(d)e nad) einem rnffifd)en -»pafen, unb umgefebrt bie rn|fifd)en ®d)iffe, tüeld^e nad) einem beutfd)en ."pofen fommeu, nur um bort ibre Labung ^u üeröolTftänbigcn ober einen J'eil berfetbcn ,^n (bfriicn, foHcn, üorau^gefcfet, bafi fic fid) nad) ben ©efeljcn unb 3>orfd)riftcn bc«< betreff fenbcn otaatec« rid)tcn, ben nnd) einem anberen >s3afen be^felben ober eine^ anberen l'anbeä beftimmten Xei( ibrcr Labung an 53orb bcl)alten unb ibn lüieber auefüt)ren fönnen, obnc gel)altcn ju fein, für bicfen Xeil i()rcr l'abung irgenb)iu1d)e (^)efä((e ^n be^ablen, an^er ben ?{nffid)t^3abgaben, iöeld)e übrigen^ nur nad) bem für bie inlänbifd)e ®d)tffaf)rt beftimmtcn 'Sal^e erbobeu roerben bürfen. The provisions of the present treaty are not apphcable to coa,st- wise shipping which shall con- tinue as hitherto, to be governed by the laws which are or which may be in force in each of the two coimtries. Nevertheless, Rus- sian and German ships shall be free to sail from a port of one of the two contracting comitries to one or more ports of the same comitry, either to unload the whole or part of the cargo coming from abroad, or to take on board or to complete cargoes destined abroad. Article 14. The nationality of ships shall be recognized reciprocally in ac- cordance with the particular laws and ordinances of each country on the basis of the documents and papers carried on board and issued by the competent authorities. Tonnage measurement certifi- cates issued by one of the con- tracting parties will be recog- nized by the other in accordance with the special arrangements concluded or to be concluded be- tween the two contracting parties. Article 15. Ships entering a Russian port and vice versa, Russian ships entering a German port only for the purpose to complete their cargoes or to unload a part thereof, shall, on the condition that they conform to the laws and regulations of the respective State, keep on board that part of their cargo which is intended for another port either of the same country or of another, and reexport it, without being held to pay for this part of their cargo any dues, except custodial dues which, furthermore, may only be levied at the fLxed rate for domes- tic shipping. 98 THE UKRAINE PEACE. ^'(rtifel 16. 5>on Joniiciigclöcru imb ?lbferti gung£crfe!}r bicneube l'ei ftungen unb "iHirfchningcn in glcidiem dJla'i^e bon hcn inlänbifdien nub i^on ben ©dnffen ber meiftbegünftigten 'Mention ju entriditen finb. 3 ft ha§ (Siulaufen burd) 5'iot öeran= lafet Sorben, fo gelten nidit aU 9luS- Übung bes vSpnnbelSbctriebeci baS jur ?luSbef|erung bcS 2d)iffeS erfolgte Söfd)en unb illMebereinlabeu ber äBareii, baö Ueberlaben auf ein anbereS ®d)iff im gaHe ber Secnntüditigfeit beS erften, bie n\v 5>erprolHantiernng ber ®d)iffSmannfcbaft notluenbigen ?iuf= inenbnngen unb ber iun-fauf ber be= fd)äbigteu 2.\>aren mit C'icnebmigung ber ,3onbernia(lung. ?(rtifcl 17. SBenn ein ©diiff eines ber oertrag^ fd){ie^enben 3rei(e au ben ."ifüften bd auberen JeileS flranbct ober ®d)iff= brud) (eibet, foHcn ®d)iff unb l'abung biefelben 5^egünftigungen unb 53efrei= uugen genief^en, meldie bie O^efetjgcbnug beS betreffcnbcn VanbcS ben eigenen Article 16. Exempt from tonnage and clearance dues in the ports of each of the two countries shall be: 1. Ships which enter in ballast from any place whatever and leave in l)allast : 2. Ships which passing from a port of one of the two countries to one or more ports of the same country can show that they have already paid these dues in another port of the same country: o. Ships which have enteretl a port in cargo, either voluntarily or under stress, leave it without having carried out any commer- cial operation. This exemption is not granted for light, pilotage, towing, quar- antine, and other dues which are payal)le on the vessels foi services rendered or for apparatus used, and which are established in the interest of traffic, and which are ecpially payable by domestic ships and by those be- longing to the most favored nation. If entrance is mnde under stress, the following shall not be consid- ered as commercial operations: unloading and reloadmg of goods for the pur])ose of repairing the ship; transshipment to another vessel on account of the sea- unworthiness of the former ship; necessary expenses for reprovi- sionmg the crew and the sale of damaged goods when authorized by the customs administrati(^n. Article 17. In case a shi}) of one of the con- tracting ])arties should be cast ashore or wrecked on the coasts of the other ]3arty, ship and cargo shall enjoy all the preferences and exemptions which the legis- lation of the respective country MEMOEANDUM TO REICHSTAG: ANNEX. 99 ©d)iffen in gleirfier V'agc bemiKigt. (So [oil ieberlei .^i([e iinb iöeiftanb bcin 5üf)rer imb ber 93cannfctaft \o\mU für i^re ']?erfon tuie für edjiff iiub V'nbimg Qcteiflet merbeu. ©ie iiertragfdlUe^ciibeu Xeife fom^ men au{3erbem iibcreiu, ha\i bie gc= borgenen äBareii feiner ooUabgabc unterliegen [ollen, ci [ei benn, bafj [ie in ben inlänbi[d)en S?erbraurf> überge()en. Strtifet 18. 3)ie 93enu^ung ber (S{)au[[een unb [on[tigen ©trafen, .Qanäle, 'Sd)Ieu[en, gäbren, 53rürfen unb 53rücfenö[[nunQcn, ber v^äfen unb Vanbung^plnlje, ber iöe^ jeidinung unb iöeleud)tung beö (Vnl)r* n-)a[[er§, beg Öot[ennje[eng, ber ,^raf)ne= unb SBagean[tQtten, ber 9tieberlagen, ber 5ln[talten jur 9?ettung unb ^krgung öon ®d)i[f8gütern unb bcrg!eid)en niel)r, [oKen, in[oineit bie Einlagen ober ^n-- [talten [ür ben ö[fentlid)en iBcrfcbr unb ben ^anbel im oKgenielncn beftinnnt [inb, gleid)t)iel, ob [te Dom ©taate ober mit [taatlidier Genehmigung üon ^v'iMt = per[oneu öerlnaltet iDerben, ben ?(ngef)ö= rigen beS anberen nertragfdiUcfeenben 2;eileö unter gleidien iöebingungeu unb gegen 3ö')^ui^9 gteidier ®ebüf)ren Juie ben 5fngef)örigen beö eigenen vrstaateö geftattet mcrben. ©otdie @cbüf)ren bürfen, borbet^altUd) ber beim ®eebeteud)tung'S= unb See= lotlentnefen sulä[[igcn abii)cid)enben 93e= [timmungen, nur bei iDirflidier 5öe^ nuljung [oId)er Einlagen ober '?(ti[tnt= ten ert)oben tüerben. Slrtifel 19. ®ie beiben t)ertrag[d)Iiefeenbeu Jcile bel^alten [id) baS 9icd)t bor, ibre (Si[en' babntran\iporttari[e nad) eigenem (Sr^ me[[en ju be[timmeu. 3ebod) [oI( roeber I)in[id)t(id) ber 5öeförberungöprei[c ncd) f)in[id]tlid) ber 3eit unb ber %xt ber ^Abfertigung jn)i[d)en ben 33e)rtol)nern ber Gebiete ber liertragfd)lie[ienbeu STeite ein Unter[d)ieb grants to its own ships in simi- lar circumstances. Every sort of aid and assistance shall be given to the master and to the crew both as regards their persons and ship and cargo. The contracting parties further agree that the salvaged goods shall not be subject to any kinds of customs dues, unless such goods are for domestic consumption. Article 18. The nationals of each of the contractmg parties shall recipro- cally have the right to use, on the same conditions, and on pajmient of the same dues, as the nationals of the respective State, the high- ways and other roads, channels, locks, ferries, bridges, draw- bridges, ports and landing-places, buoyed and lighted cliannels, pilot service, cranes, scales, ware- houses, ])uildings for the salvage and safe-keeping of ships' cargoes, and other similar installations, in so far as intended for the public service and for the use of trade generally, no matter whether they are administered by the State or by private persons with the approval of the State. Such dues shall only be levied for the actual use of such buildings or installations, excepting, how- ever, the provisions to the con- trary allowed in the case of pilot- age and sea-lights. Article 19. The two contracting parties re- serve unto themselves the right to determine, on their own ac- count, the transport tariffs on their railways. But no difference shall be made, either as regards rates of trans- portation or as regards duration and manner of transportation be- tween the inhabitants of the ter- ritories of the contracting parties. 100 THE UKliAINE PEACE. genmdjt Uicrben. 3niiffcnfd)aften, ber .Ulinffe unb ber ißeKetriftif gegenüber ber rnffifdien 3enfur DoUc unb gan^e fvreilieit ge- nießen. X)ie natt 'Hrtifel 2 beij ^-l?ertrag^3 jluiidien X"eutfdi(anb unb ÖiufUanb iioni 8. Xe,^cm(icr/2ö. 'i'Jüiieniber 1874 ben .f;'onfulntx>bemnten Vtiftcbcnben isorredite unb ^-Befreiungen n^crben audi ben ben beutfdien Atonfülaten in l^liufUanb bei^ gegebenen £pe?io(beaniten foniie ben flgenten bcö ruffiKben ivinan,^minifte= rium^ unb ibrcn 'Sefretären (ober '?(ttad)eei) iu T^entfd)fnnb ^^ugeflanben. Su :^(rtifel 1 unb 12. 3ni '']3aß)Defen luerben bie iHnge= börigeu beiber Teile Une bie ber nieifl- begüuftigten 'Elation bebanbelt merben. Xie ('»Hiltigfeitebancr bei? "il^afenifa tt)irb in fnuftlonb auf einen Zeitraum oon fed)ö 9)tonoten erfirecft. Part 1. — Referring to tiie Text of the Treat3^ To Article 1. Household articles which have already been in use and form parts of the movable property of nationals of one of the contract- ing parties who are engaged in settling within the territory of the other party, shall not be sub- ject within the territory of the latter party to any kind of cus- toms dues. German consulates and the officials of the diplomatic as well as of the said consular repre- sentations, appointed to Russia by the German Government, shall enjoy full and absolute freedom, with regard to the Russian cen- sorship, for the dailv papers as well as for the products of the sciences, the arts, and belles lettres. The privileges and exemptions granted to the consular officials, in accordance with Article 2 of the treaty of 8 December/26 November, 1874,- between Ger- many and Russia, will likewise be granted to the special officials attached to the German consu- lates in Russia, as well as to the Russian Ministry of Finance and to other secretaries (or attaches) in Germany. To Articles 1 and 12. As regards passports, the na- tionals of both parties shall re- ceive most-favored-nation treat- ment. Tiie period of validity of tlie passport vise Avill, in Russia, be extended to cover six months. 1 The English text of the original protocol of 1894 was published in 86 British and Foreign State Papers, p. 449. The modiflcations of 1904 were published, in the French text, in 97 British and Foreign State Papers, p. 1041. 2 0.5 British and Foreign State Papers, p. 244. 102 THE UKRAINE PEACE. Xiicle '^el'timmiiug evftrecft fid) nud) nuf bns» "^l^nütnla bei; bciit[dien ^3aub^ lungeirciicubcn inofnifdicr f/iVIiflioii. Sie ®e(i)ilir für bic (Erteilung bcr Süiölauböpäffe unb bie in ^yhifilanb n.)ohnenbcn beutfdicii )inrb ben ^.-^ctraci Hon 50 .üoticfeii iiid)t i'lbcrftcigcu. . ^)hif3(nnb loirb a'Mfi fünf tig für bic ©üitigfeit bcr ^.'ci]itinialionefd)cinc, niclrf)c imtcrbalb einer Wrcn'^^onc t»on 30 km (Meltnng btiben unb bcu ^u'lfil-ici'/ mic bici^ flcgenluärtia bcr Jvali ift, juni mef)rnTaUgen llcbcrfrfircitcn bcr (^H-enjc an beliebigen ('>H-en,5übcrgängcn bcred> tigen, eine T)auer Hon 28 Tagen beUiilli gen. l^icfc ('»'»üitigfeitc^baner iuirb bei- berfeitig Horn Xagc bcr erflen il^ennijnng beö ®d]cine^ ^^uni (^h\Mr^übcrtriti an mit ber iirtafuinbc beredmet irerbcn, ban bie gebaditcu ^9^dieiue ihre .WiUligfcit ticrfieren., mcnn fie uid)t suni erften Mak föätcften^ am fünf^^chnten Xage Horn Tage bcr !?(u<5fcrttgKng an gcred)nct be nutjt nierben. Sicfe Paner nou 28 Tagen nnrb in feinem ?;al(c bnrd) ben iTtäbrenb bcr ®ültigfcil^?bauer ber Vegi^ timation^3fd)cinc cinirctenbcn ;,\abrei^^ lr>cd)fcl beriibrt merbcn. Tie in ^,U\n ©pradicn, in Tcutfdi unb in ^Ihtflifcb, abgefafitcn VcgitimationCfdicinc foKen beiberfeito nur ben eigenen 'Staatt^an. gebörigen unb benienigcn ^(ngehörigeu be§ aubcren Vanbe^ erteilt lucrbcn, iDeldie in bem I'anbe Uiobnen, loo bie ©dicinc aui^geftcKt merbeu. T)a^ T)a"tum bc^ Uebertritt^ über bie @ren,^e unrb fiinftig Hon bcu ruf^ fifdien unb beutfdicu ^i^cbörben foiuobf uadi ber ruffifdien Uiie nadi ber bcntfd]cn ^citrednuuig auf ben 2d)eincn Hernicrft merben. T)ie 2d}eine userbcn audi fünf tig, inie bicv? gegcnmärtig ber (S-a(( ift, ebcnfo inie an (ibriftcn audi an ^^^raclitcu ticr= abfotgt Uierben. Tie ruffifdien "^Irbcitcr, Uicldic iiad) T)cutfd){anb if omni en, urn bafelbft in Ianbroirtfd}aftIid)en 5^-^etricbcn ober 9te^ bentrieben ^u arbeiten, foUeii line bi'Sber foftenfrei mit I'cgitiinationcipapiercu, gültig öom 1. (vcbruar biö 20. T)c- jember neuen '2ti((^, tterfeben inerbcu. This provision extends likewise to the passport vise of the Ger- man commercial travelers of Mosaic faith. The fee for the issuance of foreign passports to Germans liv- ing in Russia shall in no case ex- ceed 50 Copeks. As regards the validity of the certificate cards which entitle the holder thereof, as at present, within a frontier zone of 30 kilo- meters, for repeated crossing of the frontier at any frontier cross- ing whatever, Russia will grant such cards for the duration of 28 days. This period of validity will bo computed reciprocally from the day of the first use of the card for frontier crossing, on the condition that the said cards will lose their validity" if they are not used for the first time at the latest on the 15th day from the day of its issuance. This period of 28 days will in no case be af- fected by the change occurring in the calendar 3"ear during the period of validity of the license cards. The Ucense cards in the two languages, in German and in Russian, shall reciprocally be given only to the respective na- tionals and to the nationals of the other country living in the land Avhei-e the' cards are issued. The date of the crossing of the frontier will in future be noted on the cards by the Russian and German authorities both in ac- cordance with the Russian way of computing time and with that of tlie German. The cards will also in future, as is done at present, be issued both to Christians and Israelites. Russian workmen coming to Germany, there to engage in agri- cultural or auxiliary industries will, as hitiierto be proviiled, free of cost, with license cards valid from 1 February to 20 December (new style) . MEMOEANDIJM TO REICHSTAG: ANNEX. 103 5lud) biefe ^^apicrc [ollcii in niffifcter unb in beutfdicr ®prad)C abgefaßt fein. 3u 3Irtifet 3. ©olDcit bic ?{ngcl)örigcn etnc'ä brüten ®taate§ auf ©ruiib ber in .^raft ftel)cnbe i^crträge nnb llebcrcinfontmen Oon bcr 9>onnunbfd)aft in 9?nf5lanb befreit finb, foKcu bie beutfdicn ^7ieid}ö= angebörigen in Qhif^Ianb binfid)t(id) ber 53ornuinbfd)aft über nid)tbeutfdie WdU' berjäbrige biefeibe iNergllnftigung ge* niefeen. 8u ?(rtife( 5. ®ie Hon ber beutfdicn ^Kegierung gegenüber ber ruffifdien Ginfubr ge=^ troffenen Veterinären alca'^nabmen fön= neu nid)t in ftrenger ("yorni eingeführt inerben a(ö bicjcnigeu gegenüber t)on (Staaten, lue!d)e fid) l)inftd)tUd) ber 3^ierfend)eu nub ber Veterinären (Sin= riditungen in bcnifelbeu ,8nftanbe be= finben mie Üiuf^ianb. 2)iefe iöeftinnnung fiitbet feine 3{n= irenbung auf bie Veterinären ^Hbmad)= ungen 5Unfd)en S)eutfdilanb unb Cefter^ reid)=Ungarn. Sie i^al)l ber (cbenbcn Sdnueine, bereu Giufabr nad) Cberfd)(e|ien auf @ruub ber bcftebeubcn 53eftinunungen 3uge(aficn ift, unrb auf 250Ü 2tücf niöd)cut(id) erböl)t. J^Ieifd), lneld)e§ im oinne hc^ beut= fd^en 5-!eifd)bcfd)augefetjeanbIung^rcifcnbe auö= üben nioKen, fo nuiffcn bicfc ipnnbhingö^ rei[enbcu aullcrbcni mit einem perfön- Iicf)en ©cluerbefcbein ücrfeben [ein, bcffen ©ebübr 50 ;:liubc( für biu^ tjanjc 3af}r unb 25 für bie ,^,n)cite .Spiilftc bee^ 3'atn'Ci^ mcl)t überfd)rciten mirb. S)ie in 3Ibfa^ 1 ber ciegenuiärtiflcn iöeftimmung t)orge[cf)encn (^kmerbe- [d)cine fönnen anf ben 9tamen ber l^erfonen fclbft, bie fid) nad) Siufjlanb begeben, au^geftellt merbcn, unb hann foiien biefe i^crfonen nidit mcbr ge= i)alten fein, fid) nuBcrbem mit bem perfönüd)en ©emerbefdiein ju nerfebcn. .S>infid)t(id) ber (^-rteilung ber (Sk- liierbefdieine unb be^ ^^etragö ber ©ebübren btifür mirb ein Untcrfdiicb jmifdien ben '^^^crfonen ber d)riftlid)en 9ie(igion unb benjcnigen ber mofaifdjen 9?eIiöion nid)t gcmad)t luerben. 3nfomeit bie CSinfubr tion g-cuer^ nDttffen auö bem '.'UuManb in 9iuf3(anb nidit unterfagt ift, fönnen bie beutfdien reifenben .ereinbarung über bie ?luöübung ber ©diiffnbrt auf bem 9Jiemen, ber '•Seid)fc( unb ber ilsartbc Oor. Die bentfd)en ^d)iftc, iiu^ldic anf bcn bie gemeinfamcn Vaube{cnn baö Sdnff in ^)iuf,(anb Herfnuft \mvh ober langer aUi ^lüei '^oXw bafclbft Derbtcibt, ift ber betreffenbe (Singang<53of( bafür ju cntrid)tcn, 3)ic gcbadite ^vrift foil t)er= (ängcrt merbcn, menn ba<^ 2d)iff burd) viom iTlUftcn be^> Sdiiff^führerö nid)t obbnngige Uinftänbc, luic nicbrigcr '^3affcrftanb, betrad)t(id)c 'licparaturcn erforbcnibe .'paöaric ober anbcre äfinlidie Urfadieii, suriicfgebattcn \inrb. T'er (Singangci^oll iüirb nlcDt erhoben, menn baö 2d)iff burd) jveuer ober Sdiiff^ brudi jugrunbe get)t. 'Die Sdieine, )ncldie bie 3>erpfUd)= tnng ^ur Ü^Öieberau^fnbr ber ©dnffe ober gur 8nf)^nng bes? Gingang{^:;o([§ cntf)al* ten, folfen non jeber C'Vbühr befreit fein. Jöitbrenb beö 3lufentbn(tö be« ©diif^ fesi in i'lhifeianb mirb ber Sd)iff«= fc^ein öon ben ruffifd)en .'^offbebörben in S?ern3ai)rung genommen. 'Die beutidien ^l^affagicrbampfer auf bem 'i'liemen merbcn bt^? (^Vorgcnburg jugefaffen, unb bie ruffifdien '^affagicr^ bampfer Serben bi^ ©djuiaHeningfcn jugeiaffen nnb fönnen in bicfem .s^afen überwintern. Xie Jlbftempeiung ber Js-rad)tbriefe nnb .ftonnoffemente über bie Vabnng ber nad) reutfd)(anb beftimmten ®d)iffe inirb burd) bie an ben Ufern ber SSciitfet- errid)tetcn Soffämter beforgt. The time limit within which such ships will have to be re- turned to Germany, will be fixed at two years from the day of their entry into Russia, In case the ship is sold in Russia or remains there longer than the two years, the said period shall be extended if the ship is detained by circumstances not dependent on the will of the master of the ship, such as low-water level, damages requiring important re- pairs or other similar reasons, import duties are not levied in case the ship is lost through fire or shipwreck. The cards which bear obliga- tion on the part of the ship to leave the country or to pay im- port duties, shall be exempt from everj^ kind of fee. During the sojourn of the ship in Russia, the ship's maritime papers will be kept in the custody of the Russian customs authori- ties. German passenger steamers on the Niemen will be permitted as far as Georgenburg, and Russian passenger steamers will be ad- mitted as far as Schmalleningken and may winter in this harbor. The stamping of way-bills and bills of lading concerning the cargo of ships .on the way to Germany will be attended to by the customs offices situated on the banks of the Vistula. 3u 3Irtifel 19. D)ie nertragfd)Iiefeeuben Xeife luerben einanber im d;ifenbat)ntarifliicfen, iu«= befonberc burd) ^perftclfnng bireftcr 5rad)ttarifc, tunlid)ft nnterftü^en. 'D^amentlid) folfen fold)c birefte .i^rad)t^ tarife nad) ben beutfdien ,*5äfeu "Dausig (5?eufa()ruiaffer), .^onigöberg d^idau) unb 'il^Jemel jur iVrmittcInng foiDot)! To Article 19.' The contracting parties will assist each other, as far as possible, with regard to railwa}^ tariffs, especially by establishing direct freight rates. These direct freight rates shall be especially estab- lished for the German ports of Danzig (Neufahrwasser) ,Koenigs- berg (Pillau), and Memel for 1 This text would seem to have been superseded by the new text, according to the provision in Article Vir, part II, A, sub-paragraph (6) of the Treaty of Peace. 108 THE UKRAINE PEACE.' ber 5lii^fi!i)r aiiö alö bcr (äinfuhr nad) ^ufjlanb hen il^'bürfntffcn beS vürfd)riften unter bie be^ teiligten ^^inicn Verteilt luerben, toobei maun barüber eintierftanben ift, baf] nur eine einzige 0reu,5gcbüi)r, bie ben rnffifd)en unb bcn beutfd)en jur C^hxnje fübrenbeu S3abnen ju g{eid)en ^Teilen jufäKt, erboben werben barf. T)iefe 33cr'pflid)tung beliebt fid) nur auf bic beiberfeitigen Staatoibabnen; bod) Serben bic beibcu 5)tegierungen bnbin gu luirfeu fudien, baf^ bie 'i^rinat^ bahnen bei ber Tarifbilbung unb yvi"adit= öcrteiluug auf ibren ^'iuien bic gl'cidien ®runbfiilje anUicnbcn. Sollten fid) iebod) tro^bcni bie am $erfcbr in einer ber bei;eid)netcn 9xid)tnngcn beteiligten •il^riDatbabn-en bicfen ©runbfätjen ber Slarifbiibuug unb '-luH'tcihmg nid)t unternK'rfen, fo f often biefe ©runbfätje and) für bie 5taat^5bab"cn ber tiertrag= fcbUe[?c!)ben Xcilc nidit mebr binbenb fein. Tic v^ir Bcit beftcbeubeu befonberen iöeftimmungcn gnr i'licgcluug bcv^i ^Ilsctt= bcmerbiS ^nnfd)en .VfönigH^bcrg uub Dan-^ .gig bleiben in .'ifraft. facilitating both exportation from and importation into Russia, ac- cording to the needs of commerce. At the same time the freight rates for goods which in the Russian railway tariff are classed under the category of cereals, and on flax and hemp, from the stations of departure of the Russian railways to the above- mentioned ports, shall be deter- mined and divided between the Russian and German railways over which the goods are trans- ported, according to the regula- tions which are or shall be in force for the Russian railways to the ports of Libau and Riga. The additional charges (incidental fees) levied in excess of the freight rates shall in like manner be determined, and the amount thereof be divided among the interested lines, according to Russian regulations, it being understood that one frontier fee only shall be levied, which shall be divided equally between the German and Russian railways terminating at the frontier. This obligation only concerns the railways of the two countries ; but the two Governments will exert their efforts to the end that private railways may apply on their lines the same principles for the establishment of the rates and the division of the freight. If, notwithstanding, the private lines concerned in traffic in one of the indicated directions do not sub- mit to the rates and divisions mentioned, these regulations shall cease to be obligatory on the State railways of the two con- tracting Powers. The existing provisions for regu- lating competitive traffic between Koenigsbei'g and Danzig remain in force. MEMOEANDUM TO BEICHSTAG : ANNEX. 109 3u ?Irtifel 19 (neue g-n[finig). Tie Ü c r t r a g f d) I i e B e n b e n 3r c i I c tt) e r b e n e i n a n b e r im @ t f c n b a f) n t a r i f tt» e f e n, i n §= b c f n b e r e b u r d) (S r f t e I = lung. b i r e f t e r 3: a r i f c, t u n t i d) f t u n t e r f t Ü ^ e n. ,5 n b i e f c m 3 rt" c d c f i n b b e i b e Ö e r t r a g [ d] I i c f; e n b c n T e i I e bereit, ni ö g I i d) 1 1 b n I b in S3 e r [} a n b I u n g ni i t c i n a n = b e r s u trete n. Su ?trtifel 20. Tn siüifd)en bciben t)ertrag[d)lie= feenben Jeilen beftebenbe £onfuInnier= trag öoni 8. X'ejeinber/26. 5?ot)ember 1874 foil nidit [ruber alö gleidijcitig mit bem gegenwärtigen iVrtrage ge=^ fiinbigt lüerben fönncn. III. i^ierter Xeit — ßu ben .^oHregle^ ment^. Slnmcrfunfl: 3)ct iWdte unb ber britte leil be« @o unb ben Übergnngei^ pnnften in J'egu^fi), Siafoiufa, Upi^ bamifd), 33afalürjen)0, ©fulff unb in To x\rticle 19 (New text). The contracting i)arties lüill as- sist one another in so far as 2)0ssihle in the matter of railway tariffs, especially by establishing direct tariffs. To this end both contracting parties are ready to enter into negotiations loitli one another, as soon as possible. To Article 20. The denunciation of the Con- sular Convention of 8 December/ 26 November, 1874, ^ in force be- tween the two contracting parties, may not take place before that of the present treaty. III. Fourth Part. — Referring to Customs Regulations. Note.— The second and third parts of the Final Protocol of the treaty of 1894 have already been done away with througli the supplementary" treaty of 1914 (1904?). § 1. The contracting parties are agreed to recognize that the Rus- sian customs offices of the first class in Kroetingen and in Pras- zka may be changed into offices of the second class, and the aux- iliary customs offices in Sluziew into a transit station, provided that the especially agreed upon powers contained in the annexed list are continued to them. As for the rest, the Imperial Russian Government will not merely continue to the existing offices the rank and powers they have at present, especially to the customs office of tlie third class in Petrikau, to the auxiliary cus- toms offices in Tworki and in Zakrzeivo and to the transit sta- tions in Degutzky, Rakowka, Upidamisch, Bakalarzewo, Skulsk 85700—18- 65. British and Foreign State Papers, p. 244. 110 THE UKRAINE PF. A or. {yo[tuiql)f loubcru fie \m\ autf) ben 9iang einiger bcftelienbcr ?(mter er^ l^öi)en iiiib ilincu meitcrc iöc[uöiü[fe bci^ legen, foUiic citiiöc neue ?(mter an Orten erviditen, bie mit [o(d)cn nodi nldit tierfeben fiub. 3n 5hi<^füt)rnnc\ be^ 3?orftct)enben iDcrben: 1) bie Sölliiniter brittcr Ä(af|e in IDobrjiin nnb in 9)?orbjcicn3o jnni S^nnge Hon .SoHämtern jtiiciter .klaffe, bie 9lefacn,^onänitcr in 'i^nfdilncntt)!), 'ii>Iabi^:?(aUioliio, Srsilcstni, ('^oia nnb in *i^obienfa, foune bcr llbev- gmuj^pnnft in ^)iab^ielno jnni !5iange Hon .Sottixniterii brittcr .^(affe erhoben, 2) Übcrgangöpunfte in Äirfilli, Äi= bartii nnb in X^dtr} errid}tet, 3) bie in ber beigefügten Vifte gennnii^ ten ^^hnter in "^iDBcbnen, ifirUfp, 5.BInbifIanionio, (S,^arnonifa, T-onv broUio, Sl'ax\i\ Ofief , Tob,U)n, dlab' ^iejeUio, ilsilqin, ^-l^eifcrn, &ßia, 'i|?obIenfn, Wnia^boro, 'i)Je^bnrn, (S^elüb^ nnb in ^Jiobrjejemo nut ben in ber erUiäbntcn Vifte für jebe^? biefer ?(nitcr bcfonber«^ bejeidinetcn 5^cfngniffen nnCgcftattct nierbe^u 'I'iefc 5^cfngni'^eruieiternngcn mcrben fobalb ai^ mög(id) nnb icbenfaKö im I'anfe be^ ber ^nfraftfcljung bct^ gegen= lüiirtigcn 93ertrag^ folgcnbcn Cvobrc'? erfolgen. ®er Übergang^punft in .Q'ibartt) bleibt gleidi.^eitig *;'(nfngcpoften für ba^ .SoHamt crftcr iflaffc in '-K^irbnlten. ®ie ^ottämtcr ^^u^citcr nnb britter ,f (affe nnb bie "ilkbcn^oKämter mcrben bie 53cfngni?' ',nr ooHabfcrtignng 1) ber im Girfniare be^ ,8oUbepnrte= ment«? bom 31. ^annar 1900 No. 2154 beseidmctcn 9JJnfd)incn nnb (anbnnrtfd)aft(id]cn C'^eriitc, and in Gostinczyk, but it will raise the rank of some existing offices and endow them with further powers, as well as erect new offices in places not 3"et provided there- with. In execution of the preceding: 1. The customs offices of the third class in Dobrazyn and in Mordzejewo will be raised to customs offices of the second class, The auxiliar}^ customs offices in Paschw^enthy, Wladisla- wowo, Wilczyn, Gola and in Podlenka, as well as the tran- sit station in Radziewo are raised to the rank of cus- toms offices of the third class. 2. Transit stations will be estab- lished in Kirkily, Kibarty and in Pelty. 3. The offices indicated in the annexed list and situated in Ayszchnon, Kirkily, Wladis- lawowo, Czarnowka, Dom- browo, Karw, Osiek, Dob- zyn, Radziejewo, Wilczin, Peisern, Gola, Podlenka, Gniazdow, Nezdara, Czeladz and in Modrzejewo will be endow(xl with the especially indicated powei^s in the said list for each of these offices. These extensions of powx^rs will be conferred as soon as j)ossible and, at any rate, in the course of the year following the going into force of the present treaty. The transit station in Kibarty will continue at the same time as a declaration post for the cus- toms office of th(^ first class in Wirballen. The customs offices of the sec- ond and of the third class and the auxiliary customs offices will receive authorization to clear: 1. The machinery and agricul- tural implements specified in the circular of the customs department of 31 Januarv, 1900, No. 2154; MEMOEAN^DUM TO REICHSTAG : ANNEX. Ill 2) bcr in bcii 'i)hunnieni 41, 5Ibfä^e 1, 2 unb 8, 89 unb 101^, m\a\} 1 bc^ niffifdieii So^tarif^, ()efnim= ten üllsarcu erhalten. :^n(c biefe SuQeftänbniffe merbcn unter ber ^ebingung bcmilUöt, bafe Tentfct-- Innb gegenüber ben ruffifdien /^oiU ämtcrn unb Übergaiig^^pnnftcn 'jlmter ober Öreti5nn[t"u1)tcipo)"ten aid bcntfcbe Uebergange([tationcn erricbtet unb unter^^ bait nnb [te mit g(eid)li)ertigen 33e= fngniffcn aueftattct. 3m befonberen inirb bo's beutfebc 3ottamt im 3o((f)au^i ©ur^no gegenüber Hon StaVn) bei ber ©ren^e belaffen nnb nicbt in bie Stabt OHiryio »erlegt merben. X^ie t>ertragi"d)lie^eubcn Jeile t)er= Dfliditen fid) fdilicfjUd), begrünbete ?ln= tröge auf (Srriditung neuer .Bottßinter, auf Grbebung beftcbeuber Boftüiuter in eine bö()ere .klaffe unb auf '^(u^bebnimg ibrer 'Sefiigniffc, meldte ein Teil an ben ttuberen and) mäbrenb ber Tauer ber ®ültigfeit bee; gegcnmärtigen "i^ertragei riditen fönnte, mit Sorgfalt ',u prüfen nnb biefen Einträgen foUieit e^^ möglid) jvolge ui geben. 3n gleid)er 3Beife merben fidi bie nertragfdiüe^enben Xeilc über is-ragcn, bctreffenb ^(ufhebnng eined .Boltamteei, (Srniebrignug einee^ ^)vangeei ober i^er= minberung feiner iöefugniffe, ncrftän-^ bigen. 3ebe Hon einem 2:etie eingefüt)utc ?(cuberung im (Sbarafter ober in ben '-öefugniffcn cineei feiner ,8oUämter mirb unüer^üglid) jur .^t'cnntni« bc6 anbereu Jeiied gebraitt merbcu. §2. Tie 'i'^efugni'? .5ur ^^Ibfcrtigung Don beutfd}cn OHltern im -Jranfit burd) ;')?ufelaub foH ben rnffifdieu Bodämtcrn erftcr .f (äffe, meldie beutfdieu vS3aupt= .pflnmtern gegenüberliegeu, erteilt tun- ben, nämüd): Xauroggen gegenüber 3lilfit, S^irbaUen gegenüber (Ei)bts fubnen, 2. Goods indicated in No. 41, §§ 1,2 and 3; in Nos. 89 and 103, §1 of the Russian cus- toms tariff. All of these concessions are granted upon the condition that Germany constructs and main- tains opposite the Russian cus- toms offices and transit stations, offices or frontier guard posts as German transit stations and en- dows them with equal powers. In particular, the German cus- toms office will be kept in the Gurzno customs house opposite Karw on the frontier, and not transferred into the city of Gur- zno. Finally, the contracting parties obligate themselves carefully to examine well-founded requests for the establishment of new cus- toms offices, for the raising of existing customs offices into a higher class and for the extension of their powers such as one party might address to the other party- even during the period of the validity of the present treaty, and to comply with such requests as far as possible. ' In like manner, the contracting parties will come to an under- standing in respect to questions concerning the raising of a cus- toms office, the lowering of a rank or the decrease of its powers. Every change in character or in the powers of one of its customs offices introduced by one party will be notified immediately to the other party. §2. Authority to clear German goods in transit over Russian territory shall be granted to the first class Russian customs offices situated opposite the German chief customs offices, namely: Tauroggen opposite Tilsit, Wirballen opposite Eydt- kuhnen, 112 THE UKRAINE PEACE. ^^raiciuo cicQcniiljcr 'I'roftfcn, '^Kq-aubroUio iicöcnüber Xt)orn, '3tefd)aliia gcöcnübcr Jborti, £ccji]pioriio iiccieniibcr BtaU micr5t)cc, unter beu ':l\unni\inui, baf^ auf biefe JraufitaLifcrtitviuoicu bic niffifdicn '^e^ ftiiuinuugcii s^inlncubuiiö fiubcii, Uicdtc für Wmh^ iinb ^^lU^tran^portc bicfcr Hrt uad) norauöticiiaiu^Micr irrauftiou licröffcut[id)t Uicrbeii foKcn. (Sd iüirb nnbercri'cit{5 t)oraui5cTiefel3t, ba^ bie iöcfugiüö ^ur iHfafcrtigiiiig Hon ruffifcfien ©litem inr Xranfit burd) Deutfdilnnb ben iiorbc.^cidnictcn bcut= fd)en ^oniiintcrn licrblcibcn mirb. (iinc gtcidic '-öcfutinio ift ebenfo beni bcutfd]cn '^^K'bcn^oUantt I. ßlaffe in *iih-cufei|"d)=vS^erbl) beigelegt Sorben, unb bicfe '-Befugni^S tt)irb ibni betaffen luer^ ben, folange alö baci ruffifdje Solf'^nit erfter tlaffe in i^iu[fiid^.S3erbri nut cntfpred)enbcn 'l^efngniffcn anögc[tattct i[t. §3. X^ie 'öefugniei ^ur Übermeifung Hon ^ißnreii nntcr SoHfontrodc an nnbcre '^(mter luirb beiberfeit^ auf nUe Soü^ nnitcr erfter .Ü'laffe, meldie feine (Sifen= ba{)nt)crbiubung mit ben V'agerämtern l)nben, aui^gebet}nt Uierbcn. Tod) ift babei ^ebingung, bafj fotd)e 'i:?cnbnngcn ben einfd)Iägigen Wcfe^en unb '-Isor^ fdiriften nnteruiorfen bleiben. §4. Tie 33efugni^? jur ^liiicffenbung nidit öcr^oUter !föarcn nad) beni ?(uc!lanb iüirb — unter '-i>orauerufd)e)iui, Grajewo opposite Prostken, Alexandrowo opposite Thorn, Neschawa opposite Thorn, Scczypiorno opposite Skal- mierzyce, under the condition that the transit clearings shall be effected on the basis of the Russian pro- visions which shall be published for similar traffic by land and by river after having been previously sanctioned. It is to be understood, on the other hand, that the authority to clear Russian merchandise in transit through Germany will con- tinue to be granted to the above- mentioned German customs of- fices. A like authority has also been granted to the German auxiliary customs office of the first class in Prussian Herby, and this author- ity will remain with it as long as the Russian customs office of the first class in Russian Herby is endowed with the corresponding authority. §3. Authority to forward goods under customs control to other offices shall be extended by both parties to all first class customs offices not connected by rail with the customs warehouses. But this is grantetl on the condition that such shipments remain subject to the proper laws and ordinances. §4. Authority to reexport goods on which customs dues have not as yet been paid — on the condition of reciprocity for the German customs offices — apart from the offices along the railway lines or in harbors, will be granted to the following Russian customs offices: Tauroggen, Georgenburg, Neschawa, Sccypiorno, Weruschewo. MEMORANDUM TO REICHSTAG: ANNEX. 113 § 5 (neue Raffung) ß S b c f t e {) t b c i b e r f e i t i t3 e v (g t n ö e r [ t ä nb u t ö , b a fe b i e 3 n rt ni t c r b c r b e i b e n Sauber n 11 a ( 1 e u X a cj c n b e ö o a ^ r c ß g e ö f f u e t bleiben, mit 51 u ö n a l) ni e her © n n t a g c u n b b c r Q e f e ^ ( i d) e n Jv e i c r t a g e . § 5 (alte ^-affungj 6"« be)tcl)t beiberfeitigeg CStnöerftänbniö ba^ bte ^oltämter bcr beibert ?änbcr an allen Jagen beS 3nt)i^eö geöffnet bleiben, mit 3Ui'Snal)mc ber ©onntagc nnb ber nad)bcjcid)neten Jcier» tage: A, 3n diufetanb: 1. Jefte beg .fiaifer(id)en ipanfe0: X'ie ®cburtö= unb 9lamen6tage Sj)!""* ilaiferlidjen SOJajeJtäten unb feiner fiaifer(id)en Roheit hei^ ©rofefiirften Ibronfolgerö, bic 3abrci^tage ber 3;l)ronbefteigung unb ber ilröniing. II. 5öen)eg(td)e ^^ftc; (^reitng unb ®onn= nbenb ber Ä'arneoalöttiod)c (SH"ünbonnerötag, iJarfreitag unb ii'arfameitag Oftermontag unb Ofterbien^tag, bcr ^immelfa^rtstag, ^fingftmontag. III. Unbemeglicöe Jefte: 1. 3ai^"ii-" ('Dfeuial)r). 6. Januar (C^ciligc brei Stö- nigc). 2. gebruar (Vic^tmefe). 25. Wavi imavia 5>erfünbi= gung). 9. 3)M (©t. 3afo(auöj. 29. Cvuni ((St. ^etcr unb ^aul). 6. Stuguft (33erflürung). 15. Sluguft ($immelfabrt). 29. Slugnft (tintljauptung 3o= {)anni2i bcji jönferö). 5. eeptember manä (Geburt). 14. September (.ft'reujerbö= l)uug). 26. September (Oobanni). 1. C'ttober (®d)ut3 ber beiligeu 3nngfrau). 22. Oftober (llnfcre i'icbe i^rau Don Äafan). 6. Dejember (St. 3Ufolau«). 25., 26. unb 27. Dejembcr (3Beibnod)ten). IV. 3m -ftönigreid) *!l?olen unb einigen ©renjgoubernementei luo bcr gröfjcre leil ber ^öeoölferung fat[)o[ifd) '\f, ru^t bie 3trbcit auc^ »üäbrcnb bcr erften Jage ber grofecn gcftc bd römifd)=fatbonfd)cn Ä'alcnbcr«,- ebenfo ju gronteicbnam unb an 31üerbeiligen. § 5 (New text) . It is agreed hy both parties, that the customs offices of the two coun- tries remain open on all days of the year, excepting Sundays and legal holidays. §5 (Old text). It is agreed between the two parties that the customs offices of the two countries shall be open on all the days of the year, with the exception of Sundays and the following named holidays: A. Russia: I. Festivals of the Im])eriai House: Anniversaries of the birth and name days of Their Imperial Majesties and of His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke, the successor to the Throne, the anniversaries of accession to the throne and of the coro- nation. II. Movable Festivals: Friday and Sa- turday of the ( -arnival Week, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday of Holy Week, Easter Monday and Easter Tuesday, Ascension Day, and Whit Monday. III. Immovable Festivals: 1 January (New Year). 6 January (Epiphany). 2 February (Candlemas). 25 March (Annunciation). 9 May (St. Nicholas). 29 June (St. Peter and St. Paul). 6 August (Transfiguration). 15 August (Assumption). 29 August (Beheading of St. John the Baptist). 8 Seyjtember (Nativity of the Blessed Virgin). 14 September (Exaltation of the Cross). 26 September (St. John). 1 October (Patronage of the Blessed Virgin). 22 October (Our Lady of Kasan). 6 December (St. Nicholas). 25, 26, and 27 December, (Christmas). IV. In the Kingdom of Poland and in some frontier provinces where the major- ity of the population is Catholic, work ceases also during the first days of the Great Festivals of the Roman Catholic Calendar, and also on Corjnis (-hristi and on All-Saints' Day. 114 THE UKRAINE PEACE. B. 3n I)cutfd)Intib: Ter 'i)?euial)rötag, bor 5^mV unb iBcttag, ber llfittiBorf) üor bem leijtcn toonntag im 'i)?ooembcr, .Karfreitag, .•pi:nmclfal)rt, Oftcr= moiitag, bic beibcn Si^eiljuaditsifcicrtage unb ber ©ebiirtötag ©einer lliojeftät beö Teutfrficn .taifcre;, f önigö Hon 'ifreufjen. § 6. S)ie S)icnftftunbeu folleii in bcii 8ol(= iimtern ber bcibeii 'i'äiiber ange[d)la0en inerben. S)ic ©ien[t[tunben für bie 9icln[ion ber 9ieifepnf[c iiub ber ?cgitnimtion§= farteii foUeii für iebeu 53ejtrf unb jcben C^h-enjpuuft und) faefonbcrcr 3>creiu= barung stüi[d)en ben bctreffeiibeu 33e= ^i)rben ber beiben Caliber feftgefeljt lr)er= ben. (So foKen bierbei auf ben beiben ©elten bie gteid)en ©tunben einge== fül)rt, ben t)rtlid)en 23ebürfniffen 9fed)= nung getragen unb bei ben Boinimtern britter Ätaffe, ben 9lebenjonii)nteni unb ben Übergangetpunf ten cine Untcrbre^ d)ung be« ©icnfteö für bie ^Jaiiil^citen ber iBeaniten geunibrt luerbeu. §7. ,3onpflid}tige 3Baren, nield)e Hon ■il^erfonen eingeführt mcrben, bie fid) im !^efi^c einer orbnung^nuifeigen Si?egitin-iation ^ur Überfdireitung ber ©reuse befinben, foUen auf beiben (Seiten münblid) bcflariert mcrbcn fi.in= nen, unb jlnar auf allen SoUäniteru inncrbalb ihrer ^uftänbigfcit, iiorauei= gefetjt, ha% bicfe Ulnaren nid)t ipanbel^= jmccfen eingeführt merben, uub haf^ bie Wefanitheit ber ju crhcbenbcn Sott= gebühren nicht überfteigt: fünfzehn 9iubet für bic li-infuhr nach 9iu'fe(anb unb fünfunbbreif^ig l^iarf für bic (Sinfuhr nad) !Deutfd)lanb. ?hif C'irunb biefer (irmäditigung follen bie Übergang^puntte ba^ 9ied)t haben 93iunbiiorräte —mit ^^tucsnahnic Don 53ranntmein unb anbereu geiftigeu ©etränfen — foüne and) Grscugniffe, bie auöfd)licf^tid) jum .s^an^ücrbraud) bc= ftinunt finb, sollamtiid) abzufertigen. B. Germany: New Year, Fast Day and Prayer Day, Wednesday before tlie last Sunday in November, Good Friday, Ascension, Easter Monday, the two days of (Christ- mas, and the anniversary of the birthday of- His Majesty the German Em]:)eror, King- of Prussia. ^^ 6. Ollice hours in the customs oflices of both countries sliall be publicly announced. Office hours for the examina- tion of passports and of license cards shall be fixed in each dis- trict and for each frontier station, by agreement between the re- spective authorities of the two countries. In this respect similar hours shall be introduced on both sides and local requirements be taken into account ; • and in the case of customs offices of the third class, of the auxiliary customs oflices and of the transit stations, the service shall be suspended during the time of the oiRcials' meals. §7. Goods subject to duty and im- port by persons in possession of regular licenses authorizing tliem to cross the frontier shall, on both sides of the frontier, be verbally declared at all customs offices within their authority, provided that such goods be not imported for commercial purposes and that the totality of the customs dues to he levied do not exceed: 15 Roubles for im|)ortation into Russia and 35 marks for importation to Germany. On the basis of this authoriza- tion, transit stations may clear articles of food — with the excep- tion of brandy and other spiritu- ous beverages — as well as products exclusively intended for home- consumption. MEMOEANDUM TO REICHSTAG: ANNEX. 115 !Der 9[)htnbttorrat bcr 5lrbeiter, uieM)e tag (id) bte ©renje itberfcljreiten, folt zollfrei fein, aiieii\enommen i8ranut= hjein inib anbere geiftige ©etränfe, Xte, Sudn- iinb 35>em; jebe '»pcrfon barf md)t inelir aU ben 33cbarf eine^ Tageö mit fid) [üliren. .^ 8 a. Unbcfd)abet bcr bcfoiibercn iöeftiin== mungcn InuHd)t(id) ber g-(ufe[d}iffe — öergl. ^d)Iuf5protofol( 1. Xeil jii 2lrt. 13, 3lbfät?c 2 1)13 5 — lüerbeu 5Qf)^äCiiöe aller '^Irt eiufd}Ucfeüdi ber jugcbörigen 5tu<5rüftuug6gegcn[tänbe, iueld)e jur Seit ber (5infuf)r gur Seförbcrimg üou "i}>erfoneii unb Söaren bieucu iiiib nur au^ bicfcr iseraidaffung Oorübergef)eub nadi 9iufelanb Hon i^erfonen eingc[ü[)rt lüerbcn, bie ben ruffifdien ober beutfdien „Sottbebörben bcfannt finb, Hon ben ru[[ifd)cn iöef)örbcn ot)ne (Srtegung beä (Singang^^^oKeei ober ®id)cr[)eitö[te(hing für biefen BoH eingelaffen iuerben, fo* fern fidi ber is-übrer beö 5uf)rn3erfeä öcri3f(id)tet ba^5[elbe binnen einer be* ftiminten ^eit Uiieber au^5ufüf)ren. ®ie fd)riftlidie ^tu^fertigung ber il>er= pfUdit[d}einc [od nnentge(tlid) nnb ohne jebe ©ebüt)rener!)ebung erfolgen. Tic jo(famtUd)e Turd)fndntng ber 'ipafjagierc bcr 9[)?cnic(banipfcr fofl bei bcrfeiti^ nn iöorb bcc> rampfcr^:^ fmtt= finben. nntcr bcr 5\'bingnng, bnf, baei ©efpäcf ber ^icifcnbcn fdion oorfjer an ^orb be^ Sdiiffe^, auf T)e(f ober an einer auberen su bcftimnienben Steife, gufanimengefte((t ift. § 10. ^ei bcr öinfubr üon ^Ji^aren auf beni l^anbnicgc nad) ^'Tiuf^fanb mirb feine befonbere T)ef{aration geforbert, fofcrn bie ijßarcn üou Jraditbricfen begleitet finb. (S^ genügt in biefem J^alk bte 33or3eignng ber grad^tbriefe bei bem §8. The provisions of workmen crossing the boundar}^ daily, shall be exempt from customs dues excepting brandy and othei- bev- erages, tea, sugar, and wine; each person may not carry more than the need for the day. § 8a. Without prejudice to tlie spe- cial provisions with regard to river boats — See final protocol, first part, to Article 13, §§ 2 to 5— means of conveyance inchisive of their proper outfitting, which at the time of their entry serve to transport persons and goods and on this account are brouglit tem- porarily into Russia by persons knov. n to the Russian or German C'Ustoms authorities, such con- veyance shall be admitted hj the Russian authorities without pay- ment of import duties or deposit of securities for sucli duties, in so far as the conductor of the con- veyance obligates himself to leave again within a definite period of time. The written form of the pledge certificate shall be issued gratis and without an}' levying of dues. §9. Passengers on board the Memel steamers shall pass the customs examination of both countries on board the steamer, on the condi- tion that the luggage of the trav- elers is gotten ready beforehand on deck or on another place to be designated. .§ 10. Upon the importation of goods by road to Russia, no other dec-, laration is required, provided the goods are accompanied by bills of lading; in such case it will be suffi- cient to show the bill of lading at 116 THE UKEAINE PEACE. äc\efdieiu ber Gruben bcilieöt. s^ 12. iö lumen unb Icbenbe ^]>flan;iou, frifdic ^ritdite unb frtfd)c rsifd)e, folpie alle einem rafd)cn "iVrbcrben nu'3c\efctjten Sparen, füllen beibcrfeitö norbehaltlidi j^älte böbcrer Wetnalt binnen 24 Stuubcn Horn (Sinbringcu bcr 'fisarcu in bic Hodaiv'r iv.\ i-;crcd}uct, Her^ollt Uievbcn. s^ 12a. Cvni Vaufe cinci? 3t"it}re^5 nadi bcr 3^nfraftfet?uug be^ ^ecienmärticicn 5?cr = traget tnirb bie .^jaiferlid) ?)iuflifd)c fliegienuuj ücröffcntlidien : i, eine fi)ftematifd)c ^Uui5oHtarif unb in bcn oben auge= fiibrten Rirfufareu unb (5ntfd)eibungen aufgefiUirtcu '-Rsarcu. .§ 12b. Vk für bie IHnbringung bcr 3benti= ftjierinig§,^eid)eu ,^u entrid)tenben (bk- bübren lücrbcn 5 n. .S3, beg Wefamt= betraget bc^ Bolfe^ nidit überfteigen. tlie entry-office. The number of horses and of conversances of which the transport consists, to- getlier with the total number of the bills of lading of the packages are then to be summed on one of the bills of lading and this state- ment is to bo signed by the prin- cipal conductor. § 11- Caal imported into Russia in carts shall there be cleared ac- cording to the weight stated in tlie bills of lading on the condition that the bill of lading is accompa- nied by the weight certificate issued at the mines. .^ 12. Flowers and live plants, all fresh fruit and fresh fish as well as" any other goods subject to rapid decay, shall be cleared in botli countries within 24 hours from tiie moment of their arrival in the customs wai-ehouses, under reservation of cases of force majeure. § 12a. In the course of one year after the going into force of the present treat}", the Imperial Russian Gov- ernment shall publish: 1. A systematic issue of circu- lars of the customs department concerning the application of the customs tariff, together with the decisions of the administrative senate whicli refer to the same object; 2. An alphabetical list of all goods specified in the customs tariff and in the above-mentioned circulars and decisions. § 12b. The dues to be paid for the evi- dence anent the tokens of identi- fication shall not exceed 5 per cent of the total amount of the duties. MEMOEANDUM TO REICHSTAG: ANNEX. 117 T^ic für bic i'hibriiiguug ber Cvbenti figienmg^.^etrfien bei .knöpfen, iöniibcni, «gpifecn, Sticfcrcicu luib J-efkn lu entri(f)tcnben Gebühren iucrbcn 1 ^O' pdc für iebc 'iMonibc nidit übcrfteigcu. Ter gaiije dk^bübrcubetrag für bic '^(oinbierung mirb 5 0. ö. beö @e= famtbctrnge'? beei (vingnng^SoIle^^ in iebcm eiiisetnen '^aik uidit üiierfteigen. %aM inbeffen ber 3ntereffent felbft tDünfdit, hafi bie 333nrc in einer Ji>eife plombiert lüirb, bie über bag iöebürfni^ ber ^bentifijicrnng binanögebt, [o ift er öerpflid}tet, ben baburit entftef)enben 5}|ebrbetrag an ®ebül)ren gu entricf)ten. S)ie ^^unjierung beutfdber (^5olb= iinb ©ilbertnaren h3irb feinen anbcrcn ober f)öf)ercn ©ebübrcn nntcrmorfcn üicrben, aU bie *?l.^un5ienlng ber g(eid)artigen einl^einiifdien ?lrbcitcn. § 13. 33on eingeführten ilöaren foü !i^ager= gelb burrf) bie ru[fi[d)en ..BoKäniter nur für bie tage ber n)irflid)en Lagerung in ben „Sodagern, öom Picrtcn 3:age nadi bem iöcginn ber Sonrcoifion an ge= redinet, erhoben incrbcn. 3ebod) folf bie 3cit, luäbrcnb trelcljer bie Lagerung gebührenfrei ift, begrenzt fein burd) bie am betrcffenben .Sodamt für bie ©eflaration üon cingefüf)rten SSaren gctt»äf)rtc %v[\t, b. b. 5 big 14 2:age, erböl)t um bie in ?lbfat? 1 öor= gefetienc 5"nft öon 3 Xagen. § 14. !5)ie .fiaifer(idi ^)inffifd)e 'jTiegierung üerpftid)tet fid), bic iBcftimmungcn ber 2trtifcl 15 imb 16 ber 53erncr f{on= Pention Pom 14. Oftober 1890, meldie ha§ 3?erfügunggred)t beg ?Ibfenberg über feine ©enbungen regeln, inäbrenb ber Sauer beg gegemnartigcn S3cr^ trageg in feiner SSeife ju änbern. The dues to be paid for the evi- dence anent the tokens of identi- fication in the case of buttons, ribbons, laces, embroidery, and pelts shall not exceed 1 Copek for each sealed package. The full amount of dues for sealing shall in no case exceed 5 per cent of the total amount of the import du- ties. If in the meantime the inter- ested party desires that the goods be sealed in a way beyond the need for identification, he is then obliged to pay in dues the addi- tional amount resulting there- from. The stamping of German gold and silver ware shall not be sub- ject to other or higher dues than the stamping of similar domestic articles. § 13. Warehouse dues for imported goods shall be levied by the Rus- sian customs offices according to the actual number of days that the goods may be in the customs warehouses, reckoned from the 4th day after the customs examin- ation. Nevertheless, the time during which the storing is exempt from dues shall be limited by theperiod allowed at each customs office for making declaration of the goods imported, that is to say, 5 to 14 days, increased by the period of 3 days provided for in § 1 . § 14. As to Articles 1.5 and 16 of the Berne Convention of 14 October, 1890, which regulate the right of disposal of the shipper over his shipment, the Imperial Russian Government obligates itself that during the valid period of the present treaty no modifications will be made in those provisioiis. 118 THE UKEAINE PEACE. §15. 3)ie in bcni "^Irtifet 292 bcö ruffifcfien Reglement«! noiii 15. Wlai 1901, be- tret'feub bic 3.1'arcneinfiifn' entlialtene •i^orldirift, Uionndi ber llntcrfcftieb iWyi- fd)en bem niujcgebcucu G^ciuidit t>on ©egenftänbcu ober iTl^nrcn unb bem bei ber Qxclnfion crmittefteu öelüid)t [tmffrci bleibt, foferii er 5 D. C>- ^^S @efaintQelirid)tö ber O^cgenftnnbe ober Sßaren uid)t überftcigt, mirb abge== änbert unb bie !J)u{bunö{5flrcnje auf 10 ö. ^:>. beö ®efanitgcU)id)t^ erf)ö()t. § 16. !Daö ^Jied]t ber ^leflmuatiou gegen (Sntfdieibungen ber ru[l"ifd)cn ^odbe* ^örbeu, bic fid) foinobl auf Strafen tüegen einer unsutreffenbcn ober fal= fd)en ©eflaration a!i^ auf bic Xarif- .^laffifijicrung ber ilöarcn bcjicben, foU bem 5lbfenber ber 'Zl^arc in gkidier SBeife nne beut 3)cf(arauten juftcben. (gingaben biefer :^(rt bürfen Don beni •^Ibfenbcr in beutfd)cr opradie abgc=^ fa^t lücrbeu. § 17. 3)ie Üicflanuitioucifrift in bcu im § IG beseid)neten ?lngclcgcnbeiten inirb für bell '^Ibfcnbcr mie für beu 2)eflaranten auf sU)ei 9JJonate fcftgefcljt lüerben, öon bem J^age an geredmet, U30 bie t?nt= fd)eibung bem ^eflarantcn mitgeteilt lüorben ift. iBtt'^ bie (S'ntfdKibuug über bic iarificrung Hon 'Agaren anbelangt, |o mcrbcn inncrlialb biefer <'yrilt 'i>or' ftellnngcn nur bann :;ugc(affen locrben, menu bie ftreitigcn ^^isaren bic .'SoHagcr nod) nidit öerlaflen baben. § 18. Tic beutfd)cu Äonfu(n in ^Tiußlanb uub bic ruffiüi)cn .ÜJaJ3nal)men, bie — au<5 eigener (5ntfd){iefeung — Hon bem *!j>or^ ftanbe cincei 53c^irfev:^ (^?aubrat in T'entfdifanb, 'iltatfdialnif Ujcfba in ^7infe(anb) getroffen u^erbcn, foticn un== mittelbar bcu betreffenbcn ^sorftänbcn ber 53c^irfe bcö anberen Vnnbe^ mit geteilt merben. 2)iefe l)('itteitung foil ^ugleid) bie CMrünbe ber 9.}caf5regcl enthalten, fon3eit bie 33cfd)affenbcit berfelbcn ibrc 5[)?itteilung nidit über flüffig mad)t. X)ie 9.)iafjnnbmcn, bie in rcutfd)Ianb öon einem Ciberpräfibentcu ober Oon einem ^Kegierniigcfpröfibenten unb in i'Tiufelanb oon einem C'Vneralgonlicrneur ober t)on einem O^outierneur getroffen merben, folleu gegenfeitig bem im 9'iangc eutfprcdjcnben 'Beamten mit-^ geteilt werben. T>k 9Jtitteilung bcr ©rünbc biefer 9D?a^rcgelu foil auf biplomatifdicm 3Bcge erfolgen. Department and with the officers of the German customs authori- ties (provincial director of taxes, etc.) respectively regarding cus- toms matters under the consider- ation of these authorities. .§ 19. In case conductors, machinists, and other employees of the rail- ways of either of the two con- tracting parties are apprehended for having smuggled goods into the territory of the other party, then, at the request of the com- petent customs authorities, such persons shall be deprived of the right of traveling on trains to the frontier. J^ 20. All measures of quarantine and Veterinär}^ police, namely, deci- sions concerning the closing and opening of the frontier to one or another class of goods, or regard- ing changes in the proper local ordinances, etc., shall, as soon as issued, be communicated by each of the two contracting parties to the other party. Local measures which — on their own responsibility — are issued by the first official of a district (Lan- drat in Germany, Natschalnik Ujesda in Russia), shall be di- rectly communicated to the re- spective councils of the district of the other country. This com- munication shall contain at the same time reasons for the meas- ure in so far as the form of this measure does not make such statement of reasons superfluous. Measures which in Germany have been adopted by the general Governor or by the President of a Government Board, and in Russia by the General Governor or by a Governor, shall be communicated reciprocally to the official corre- sponding to that rank. The com- munication of the reasons for this measure shall be made through the channels of diplomacy. 120 THE UKRAINE PEACE.' T'ie 9J;nfn'^'ö'^'ii/ »^ic ^■"■"»h ben 3eiitral= fae!)örbcn bcr bcibcn ^'inibcr o^troffen Uierbcn, foKcu cinfd)!icf5lid) if)rer ©riinbe gegenfeitig auf btpIomntijd)em SKcge mitgeteilt Incrben. SOhn i[t bariibcr einig, ba^ bie Wit^ teihmgen über iietcriucire 9J?aJ3regeIn beiberfeit^ tunlidiit nor '?lu trag ;n bcm Js-ricbcni?iicrtrage j)i)ii'd)cn T^cutfd)lanb, Cefter^ reidvUngarn, 53uigaricn uub bcr Türfei einerfeitö uub ber Ufrainifd)eu ^Hitf^rcpubtif anberfeitö, finb ratifisiert ttDorbeu. 4^er '^lus^taufd) ber Üvatififationöurfunbcn ift am 24. 3uli 1918 in SBieu erfolgt. 53erau, hm 27. 3uU 1918. 3)er 9ieid}v?fau^(er 3u isertrctuug b u .*p i u t s e . [Translation. \ Notification, regarding the rati- fication of the Peace Ti-eaty be- tween Germany, Austria-Hun- gary, Bulgaria, and Turkey on the one liand and the Ukrainian Peoples' Republic on the other hand, signed at Brest-Litovsk, 9 February, 1918, and the German- Ukrainian Supplementary Treaty to the Peace Treaty, signed at Brest-Litovsk on the same day. 27 July, 1918. The treaties printed above, signed at Brest-Litovsk, 9 Febru- ary, 1918, namely: 1. Peace Treaty between Germany, Austria-Hun- gary, Bulgaria and Turkey on the one hand, and the Ukrainian Peoples' Repub- lic on the other hand. 2. German-Ukrainian Sup- plementary Treaty to the Peace Treaty between Ger- many, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey on the one hand and the L^krainian Peoples' Repub- lic on the other hand, have been ratified. The ex- change of ratifications was effected on 24 July. 1918, in Vienna. Berlin, 27 July, 1918. The Imperial Chancellor By VON HiNTZE. 123 11. UKRAINE— AUSTEIA-HUNGARY. LEGAL-POLITICAL TREATY SUPPLEME5TTAEY TO THE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE CENTRAL POWERS, SIGNED AT BREST-LITOVSK, 12 FEBRUARY, 1918 [Germa7i text as published in Die Zeit, 15 March, 1918. morning edition.] I'aiit Slrtifel 8 beef am 9. Jebruar 1918 unterseid)neten gricbeiieiücrtraöeö jiüi[d)cu 3)eutfcl)[aub, X^c[tcrrcid)=Un= gam, Bulgarien uiib ber Xiirfci ciiier= fcitd unb ber lifrainifdjcii ^^olf^republif anbcrcrfcltö finb bie ^eoollinäditiötcn Cet"teiTeid)= Ungarn^, nämUd): yjciniftcr beö '^leuBcreu Cttofar ®raf S^ernin, ber öfterreid)lfd)e ä)tini[terprä^ibeut S)r. Grii'it Ij^iitter üoii ©cibter unb ber uugarifc^e iOtiniftcrpräfibent ©r. Stiejanber S^efer(e, unb bic 53eooI(inäd)tigten ber llfrainifi^en ^olförepubUf, nämlid): bie SDcitgUcber ber iifraiui|d)eii ,3cn= tra(raba: 5ncj-anbcr '2eairiuf,3}il)= fola !L^ubi)n<5fi, ä)afoIa l'eluijtöfi, übcretugefommeiT, bie iperitethiug ber ö[feutUcl)en unb prinateu 9icd)tgbe= äicljungcn, beu Stuötaufd) ber .ßfiegö- gefangenen unb .g^l'iliiitei'txieften, bie ':ämnc[tie[rage [oiuie bie (^rage ber 53el)anb(ung ber in bie ®eJua(t be^ ©egnerö geratenen 6panbeiöl'd)iffe im i>er{}altnivü glttifdien ber ö[terreid)ifd)= ungarifd)cn ä)ionard)ie, bcjiet)ungß)-üeife Cefterrcid) unb Ungarn cincrfeitö unh ber Ufrainifd)cn Ssolförepublif anbercr- [citö uniicr^ügii(i) ^u regeln unb ju bie- fem .gi^crfe einen ^nfatjüertrag gu bem griebengöertrag absufdjUefeen. 85700—18 9 [Translation.] According to Article 8 of the Treaty of Peace signed on 9 Feb- ruary, 1918, between Germany, Austria-IIinigary, Bulgaria, and Turkey, on the one hand, and the Ukrainian People's Republic., on the other hand, The Plenipotentiaries of Aus- tria-Himgary, to wit: The Minister of Foreign Affairs,, Ottokar Count Czernm ; The President of the Austrian Ministry, Dr. Ernst Ritter von Seidler; and The President of the Hungarian Ministry, Dr. Alexander We- kerle; and The Plenipotentiaries of the Ukrainian People's Republic, tc^ wit: Messrs. Alexander Sevrjuk, My- kola Lubjaiksy, and My kola Lev3^tsky, members of the Ukrahiian Central Rada; have agreed to regulate immedi- ately the establishment of public and private legal relations, the exchange of war prisoners and of interned civilians, amnesty, and the matter of the treatment of merchant vessels that have come mto the power of the opponent, between the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, that is to say, Austria and Hungary, on the one hand, and the Ukrainian People's Re- public, on the other hand, and to this end to conclude a supplemen- tary treaty to the Peace Treaty. 125 126 THE UKRAINE PEACE. ^}ad) gcöcufcitiflcr 9.)iittcUui!g ibrer in guter iiitb gehöriger Jorm bcfuubenen S>o(linaditcu Iiafacn fid) bie 53cüol[mäd)= tig ten über [olgeiibc 'ikftiinmimgcu geeinigt: (Srfatj ber Ärieg^fdiäben. ?lrtifet 1. 3cbcr Vertrag fd)(ießenbe Xeil iüirb a(tc ©d)äben crfcl?cn, bie in feinen (J'tcbietcn inäbrcub bcci .fhicgeS Oon ben bortigen ftaat(id)cn Crgauen ober ber 53et»ö{feritng burdi t)ö(ferrcd)t^?^ nnbrigc ipanblungen fonfiilarifdien 53c' amten be^^ anberen Xeifc-? ,^5ugefügt ober an .ftonfuIatiUngarn ober einem ber bciben 'Staaten ber öfierreicbifd) = nngarifd)en 9}conard)ie unb '^linf^laub t)or ber ,triegöert(ärung in Ärnft gOncfeu finb, treten sroifd)en ben ).iertragfd)(iefjenben Teilen, Oorbebattlid) ab)Deid)enber "öc^ ftinnuungen bces ^•riebcueiöertragc'?., bei bcffen $)?atififation mit ber iOtaf^gabc in .^h-aft, baf,, foiueit fie für cine bc= ftimmtc Beit unfiinbbar finb, biefe .Beit nm bie .r} riegesbancr oerlängert tnirb. T)ie genieinfame öf[erreid)ifd)=unga= rifd)e 9iegierung luirb ber ufrainifd)en 5)icgierun.g binnen bier Jßodjcn nad) ber 5^1 atifi ration bed griebcndOcrtrageö bie im oorhergebenben 3lbfatj beseid)neten Article 3. The treaties, agree- ments, and conventions that were in force i)efore the declaration of war, l:)etween Austria-Hungary, or one of the two States of the Austro-Hungarian Monarch}^, and Russia, will go into force between the contracting parties — unless stipulated to the contrary in the Treaty of Peace — at the time of the ratificaiion of the latter, upon the condition, that in so far as they can not be denounced for a fixed period, such period will he extended to cover the period of the war. Within a period of four weeks after the ratification of the Peace Treaty, the Joint Austro-Hun- garian Government shall com- municate to the Ukrainian Gov- LEGAL-POLITICAL TEEATY WITH AUSTEIA-HUNGARY. 127 ^.^crträgc, Slbfommen unb iöerciiiba= riingcn bcm iffiorttaut nac^ mitteilen. 3'ebcr ncrtrng[rf)Uef5cnbc Xdl fnnii ^cm anbcrcn Xci(e binnen \cd)Q '^jionaten nad) bcr llntcr^eit^nnng bc^ ^^'i^i^cn^S^ Dertragc^ bie 3>erträge, '^(bfomnien nnb ^Vereinbarungen ober bereu (iiu^clbe= [timmungen mitteilen, bie uact) feiner ?(u[faffung mit hen lüitbrenb beö .^rie= QC^ eingetreteneu il^eränbcrungen im Jlsiber[pnid) ftebcn. S)iefe 5>ertragöbe= [timmnngcn foKcn tunlicbft halb burd) neue i^erträge crfel^t luerbcu, bie ben tierünberten ^(nfdianungen nnb i^er- bältniffcn entfprecficn. ,3nr ?hiöarbeitnng ber im öorber^ gci)cnben 'Xb[at< ttorgcfetjenen neuen "i^erträgc Unrb binnen feci)« S)conatcn nad) ber Siatififation beö 5ricbcuöiier-= tragen* cine au^ ^sertretern bcr beiben Xcife beftcbenbe .((ommi[fiou an einem crft 3U beftimmcubcn Crte jut'ammen^ treten. Solucit fidi bicfe binnen brei 9Jt*onateu nad) ibrem >^ufammcntritt nid)t einigt, ftcbt evS jcbcm Xcile [rei, 'oon bcu iscrtrag^bet'timmungeu jurürf=^ jutrctcu, bie er gemiif? bcm erften ©aljc beä öorbcrgcbcnbeu Slbfa^eg bcm anberen Jeilc mitgeteilt bat; banbelt eö fid) babei urn 'iinjelbcftimmuugen, fo [tcbt bem anbcrcn Xcilc bcr 9iürftritt Uom gaujcn 'i>crtrag frei. Sic '-ßcrträgc, ^?(bfo!unieu nub !öer- cinbaruugcn, an beneu nod) aubere S}Jad)tc beteiligt finb unb in benen bie Ufrainifd)e 53o(f^3repubüf neben dliiü= lanb ober an beffen Stelle eintritt, treten 3\t)ifd)cn ben öertragfdjfie^enbcn 3^eilen öorbebaltl'id) abiücidicnber !öe= ftimmungcn bcö JricbcnöoertragcS bei beffeu 'Jiatififatio.i ober, fofern. ber (Sintritt fpätcr crfo(gt, in biefcm 3eit* punft in ."itraft. 5«.uf bic mit fo(d)cn Aloncftioöcrträgcu im S'ifan^'Tienbang ftebcnbeu (iin^cllierträge jtoifcben ben beiben ^teilen fiubcu bic ^-^cftimmungen bcö crftcu ^Hbfatjcö biefcä §(rtifcfö über bic S3cr(ängerung bcr ©cltung^baucr ernment the text of the treaties, agreements and conventions re- ferred to in the preceding para- graph. Within a period of six months after the signing of the Peace treat}', each contracting party may communicate to the other party those treaties, agreements, and conventions, or their special provisions which in its judgment are incompatible with the changes that have arisen during the war. Such treaty provisions are re- placed as soon as possible by new treaties meeting the changed viewpoints and circumstances. Within a period of six months after the ratification of the Peace treaty, a commission composed of representatives of the two parties shall meet in a place to be designated subsequently, in order to draft the new treaties foreseen in the preceding paragraph. If this commission does not come to an agreement within three months after its meetinj^, each party shall have the right to denounce those treaty provisions which it had communicated to the other party in conformity with the first sentence of the preceding paragraph; if, in the given case, special provisions are concerned, the other party shall have the right to denoiince the vrhole treaty. The treaties, agreements and conventions to which still other Powers are parties and in which the Ukrainian People's Republic appears by the side or in the place of Russia, shall go into force, between the contracting parties, upon the ratification of the Peace Treaty, under reserva- tion of contrary provisions ol the latter Treat}' — or in case the Ukrainian People's Republic ac- cedes thereto at a later date, then at the time of such acces- sion. The provisions of the first paragraph of this Article dealing with the extension of the dura- 128 THE UKRAINE PEACE. unb bcei jlncitcu unb brittcu ::Hbl'at5Ct^ biefee^ %vtikk^ über ben Siiicftritt feine Hnlüenbitng. Ü.lk-iicii bcr politiKdeu l5iii,^e(licrträöc fotnic jener .Uolfeftitmertrüflc poUtifri^cn 3nf)a!tv^r (in bcnen nod) anbere fricg= fübrenbe 3}ind}tc beteiligt finb, behalten fid) bie l)ertragfd]Iie[3cnben Teile ibrc 'Stellungnabme biß nnd) ?tbfd)hif^ beei nllgenieinen (^-riebeuö nor. SBieberberfteUnn.g bcr '].^ril)atred)te. ^?(rtifct4. lieber bie ilsieberberltcHitng bcr 'i^rit)atrcd)te luerbcn nad)ftebenbe ikftimmnngcn getroffen : 1. %lk in bcn 6k^bietcn bcv? einen bcr öertragfc^licf^cnben Teile beftebenbeu 'J^c ftimmungcn, n^onad) mit i'liüd'fidjt auf ben .ß'ricgviyaftanb bie ?tngebörigcn beci anbercn Teilc£< in ^Infcbnug ibrcr Tni- ltatred)te trgcnbUield)cr befonbercn 3iege= hing nnterliegen; treten mit ber !:liatifi= fation befi Jricbcn'SOcrtragc? anf?cr '?(n = lücnbung. T)k nod) nid)t t)oI(;ogeneu Strafen tücgen 3?erlel^ung biefer ^i^eftimmungen, fotüie bie ?)ied)t'3folgcn ber ^iserurtciUing lüegen fotd]cr ftraf baren .s^anblungen Serben nad)gefet)en. ?tte 3lngel)i3rige eineiS LicrtragfdiücfK'n- ben Teilet gelten and) foldje iuriftifd)e ^perfonen unb (''^cfcltfd)aften, bie in feinen ©ebietcn ibren Sil? babcn. ferner finb bcn 3tngcl}örigen cinct^ Teilcc^ jnriftifdie l^erfoncn unb @cfcllfd)aftcii, bie in feinen (>i(?bieten nid^t ibren ©itj haben, info= n^eit glcid)suftellen, aU fic in ben @c= bieten be^ anbercn Tcileei bcn für biefe ?{ugcl)örigen geltcnbcn ^cftimminigen untcniiorfcn iiuircn. tioii of validity and those of the second and third paragraj^lis of this Article, treating of denun- ciation, are not applicable to special treaties concluded be- tween the two parties and con- nected with such collective tiea- ties. As regards special political treaties and the said collective treaties, of a political character, to which still other helligerent PoM^ers are parties, the contract- ing jjarties reserve their attitude until after the conclusion of gen- eral peace. REESTABLISHMEXT OF PRIVATE RIGHTS. Article 4. As regards the re- estahlishinent of private rights, the following provisions have been agreed upon : 1. jVll })ro visions in force within the territories of a contracting party in accordance with which the nationals of the other party are, by reason of the state of war, subject to any special regulation whatever with reo;ard to their jirivate rights, shall be abrogated upon the i-atification of the Peace Treaty. Penalties not yet carried out and imj^osed on the ground of violation of these provisions, as well as the legal consequences of the condemnation for such pun- ishable acts, will be pardoned. Juridical persons and compa- nies which are domiciled within its territories, are also to be re- garded as nationals of a con- tracting party. Furthermore, juridical persons and companies which are nationals of one of the contracting parties, but do not reside within the territory of that party, are placed on a parity with the nationals of that party when, within the territory of the other party, they were subject to provisions applicable to the sub- jects of the country of which they are nationals. LEGAL-POLITICAL TEEATY WITH AUSTRIA-HUNGAEY. 129 2, lieber prit)atrecl)ttidic Sdnilbner^ l^ältniffe, bic biird) iöcftinmiunflcii bcr iiTt 'i^uitftc 1 be^eidjiieten ?{rt bcciii träd)tigt Inorben finb, tiiirb nad)[te{)cnbcc- öercinbart : 2)ic ®d)ulbtierf)ältni[;e luerben micber f)ergcftent, folneit fid) mdri aui ben 33e= [tirniniuigcn ber 'Ininfte 2 bi6 6 ein anbereö ergibt. l^'ic 53e|tiin!nunQ beei norftcbenben 2lbfnl?eö btnbert nidit, ba\i bic (Vrage, n)eld)en (5inf(nf5 bie bnrd) ben .^ricg gc^^ fcbaffencn Buftönbe, iti^^befonbere bic burd) 2?crfebr<:binberni[[e, .*öaiibc{'?öcr= bote ober burd} bie gennberte tüir[[d)aft Itrfic ^^.''agc bcrbcigefiibrtc Unniöglidifcit ber (Srfiilfung, auf bie SdiulbnerbiKt- ni[[e (iui5üben, in ben ©ebicteu jebcc' bcr öertragfd){ie^enbcn Jcile nad) ben bort für bie I'aubc^Scinmobner geftcubcu (.^k- fe^en beurteilt \mvh. S)abei bürfen bie Stngebörigen bc^ anberen SleileS, bie burd) 9[!?nf;nabmen btefeg 3leite^ bebinbert luorbcn finb, nidit ungiinftiger bebanbcit merben al'ö bie '?lngeiiörigen be^ eigenen 'Staate^, bie burd) bcffcn SDta^nabnien bebinbert tDorben finb. ^^(ud) foil bcrjenigc, ber burcb ben .^rieg an ber redit^eitigcn ii^e= lüirfung einer Veiftung bebinbert mar, nic^t DerpfUditct fein, ben baburd) cut= ftanbenen ®d}abcn ju erfel3cn. ©elbforberungcn, bereu iöe^^nblung tin ^aufe beö .^iricgeei auf (^hiinb einer 53eftiniiuung bcr im 'l^unftc 1 he-- Seid)netcn ?(rt Dermeigcrt luerbcn fonntc, broud)en nidit Oor i'lblauf Don brci SD^onaten nad) ber 9iatififation beg griebcu{^licrtrage£< bejabit mcrben. Sic finb Don bcr urfprüng(id)en gälügfcit an für bie 5)aucr bcö .f ricgcci unb bcr anfcf)(icBcuben brci ÜlJItonate oijuc 3iüd^ fidbt auf ,3Qbluugöt)crbote unb 9}tora* torien mit fünf nont §unbert fur bai< 3^abr ju ocr^infcn; bi^J jur urfpriing= lidjcn ^ttWiflfcit finb gcgebeneufan'? bic öertrag(id)cn ^i^ifcn ju sablen. 2. With regard to private legal debt relations which have been affected by provisions of such a nature as have been specified in Section 1, the following has been agreed upon: The debt relations shall be re- established , in so far as not other- wise agreed upon in the provi- sions under Sections 2 to 6. The provision of the preceding paragraph does not a.ffect the de- cision, within the territories of each contracting party according to laws applicable to all the in- habitants of the country, of the question as to what influence has been exerted upon debt relations by the circumstances created by the war, especially the impossi- bility of fulfilling obligations brought about by hindrances in transportation, commercial pro- hibitions, or economic changes. In tliis regard, the nationals of the one party who have been re- stricted through measures of the other party, may not be treated less favorably than nationals who were restricted tiirough the nieas- ures of tlieir own State. Even tlie one who through the war was prevented from fulfilling an obli- gation in due time, shall not be obligated to make compensation for the losses occasioned thereby. Pecuniary claims whose pa}^- inent could be refused in the course of the war by virtue of a provision of the nature specified in Section 1 need not be paid be- fore the expiration of three months after the ratification of the Peace Treaty. K-egardles:-. of moratoriums and ordinances pro- Idbiting payment, they are pay- able with interest at 5% per annum, from the original date when payment was due, for the duration of the war and the addi- tional three months: in case in- terest was stipulated up to the time when payment was due, such interest, in the given (^ase, must be paid. 130 THE UKKAINE PEACE. ^nv bie Hbmicflung ber 5tufeen[tänbe uub fonfttgeu priöatrcdjtlicOcn 5?er= binblid)fcitcn finb bic [tnatlicfi aner* fannten @(äubi9crfd)uijlierbäiibc jur 35erfo(gun(^ bcr '^(iifpriictic bcr il}ucn augcfd)[o[fciicn natiirlidien unb iurifti= d)cii '^^.k'rfoncn alö bcrcn ^öcüoUnrädi- tigtc med)fe(fcitig an,5ucrfennen unb ui= ^ufaffcu. 3. Sic 'ik'ftiinniungen btc[ci5 lieber^ emfommene! finbcü auf bcu ilßert= pnpicrücrfcbr foiutc auf 3?cvpfUd)tungeu au^ 3nbabcrpapicrcu feine ^'Inlpcnbung unb bleibt .bic üicgclung bcr hierbei in ij^etradit foinnicnbcu (Vrageu einer bcfonbcren iu'rcinbarung Porbehaltcn. föcgcn Crbuung ber gegenfeitigen ftaatlidien !i?erbinb lid) feiten auö bcni öffcntUdien 2d)u(bcnbicnftc, ferner am '?lbred)nungcu bcr (5ifcnbabn=, "i^oft^ unb XcIegrapbcnPenualtungcn unb bcr^ glcidicn Uicrbcii bie ncrtragfdiliejicnbcn. Jeilc fid) in bcfonbcren :'lbfonuncu Dcrftanbigcn. 4. 2)ic ocrtragfd)licfecnbcu Jeilc finb barliber einig, bau Porbcbaftlid) ber ^e= ftininuingcu bci< 'i'lmftco G Urbcber^ rcd)te unb geluerbficbc Sd)uljreditc, Sion-- ^jcffioncn unb "'j^rilnlegien fouiic äbitlid)c ^Infprtidjc auf . öffcnt(id) rcd)tlid)cr OHiiublagc, bic burd) !^cftiniuiungen ber ini ^l?unftc 1 bc^5eid)nctcn i^lrt bcciu= träcbtigt lunrbcn finb, für bai^ (bkhkt bcr Ufrainifd}cn ii^olf^irepublif uncbcr- hcrgeftellt uicrbcn. T)xt iBeftiniiuuug beci üorbergcbeuben i^lbfaljcö foil auf .Vtoujeffionen unb ^]3ri= üilcgien foU)ic äl)nlid)c ?lnfprüd)e feine ^^Inmcnbung fiubcu, fouicit bicfe auf ©runb einer für alle Vanbc^cinUiol)ncr unb für alle 9icd)tc ber glcid)cn %vt gel* tcubcn ©cfetjgebung injti)ifd)cn abge= fd)afft ober üoni 'Staate ober Pon Q^k-- nicinbcu übcrnoninicn Irorben finb unb in bereu ^^efil} Pcrblcibcu. 3)ic ?luöfiU)rung bcr in bcu nort]er= gclienbeu i\im ^'ibfiiljeu auföcftclltcn For the liquidution of outstand- iii<^ debts and other ]')nvate legal obligations, the national recog- nized associations for the protec- tion of creditors are to be recog- nized and admitted as reciprocally eni.]>owered agents for the pro.;e- cution of the claims of natural and juridical persons associated M'ith t])cni. 3. Tile provisions of this agree- ment do not apply to paper s(V'iirities nor to obligations of liold'.n's of notes payal)l(^ to liearer, and tlie regulation of the ques- tions arising in this respect is reserved for a s])ecial agreement. As regards the regulation of the national obligations of the two Governments arising from the public debt, and further, arising from the settlement of the ac- counts of tlse railway, postal and telegraph aclministrations, etc., the contracting parties will come to an understanding in special agreements. 4. The contracting parties are agreed that under reservation of the provisions of Section 6, copy- right and industrial patents, con- cessions and privileges, as well as other similar claims on the basis of the principles of public law, that have been aflfected by pro- visions of such a nature as have been specified in the first section, shall again be put into force with- in the territor}' of the Ul-a-ainian People's Republic. The provision of the preceding paragraph shall not be applicable to concessions, privileges, and similar chxims in so far as these have meanwhile been abrogated in virtue of a legal provision ap- plicable to all the inhabitants of the country and to all rights of a similar character, or which have been taken over by the State or by communes and are in their possession. The carrying out of the prin- ciples announced in the two pre- LEGAL-POLITICAL TREATY WITH AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, 131 ©rimb[älje bleibt befonbcrer iöeretn^ baruiiö Dorbebalteu. 5. Sic ?3-ri[ten für bie J^ücrjätiruug »on 9xed}tcn [olteii in ben 0>Vbieten jebeö ber t)ertragfd)Iic^ciiben 2:eilc gegenüber ben 3lngeliörigcn bcö anberen Jeile^, [alio biefc S'l^iffei^ Ji^t' 3eit "^eö ÄriegS* auöbrndicij uod^ nidjt abgelaufen inaren, [rübefienß ein 3flbi' nad) ber 9;atififation be'S 5'i-"icbenöt)ertraQCö ablaufen. 2)a§ gleid)c gilt bon ben (yrtftcn jur 33or* legung Don 3iriöfdicinen unb @elinnn== anteilfd)einen fomie Don auögeloften ober [onft ;iaf)(bar gentorbenen ilBertpapieren. 2)ie SBiebereinfetjung in ben oorigen ®tanb i[t ju bcitiiiHgen, menu ber ©läu= biger infolge bed Si rieged cine Älagefrift nid}t einl)aiten fonnte ober trenn ber 33e= flagte infolge ber 5>erfei)rdnnterbred)ung auf]erftanbe loar, fid) in bem S3erfabren getiorig vertreten ju laffen. G. 3)ic Jätig fcit ber Stellen, bie auf @runb einer 53eflinnnung ber ini •i^unfte 1 be^eidineten ?lrt mit ber 5^e= auf[id)tigung, ^ermahrung, 53cnüaltnng ober i'iquibation Oon 5ycrmögen6gcgen= ftänben ober ber ?lnnaf)me oon 3rt'ituii= gen befaßt inorben finb, [oil unbefdjabet ber ^eftinimungen bed 'ilJunfte^ 7 nad) •ötafegabc ber nad)ftebenben (^Hnmbfalje abgennrfcit nierben: ©ie beauffid)tigtcn, ncrtiial^rtcn ober berlualteten 53ennögenögegenftänbc finb auf 33erlangen bc^J ^ered}tigten nntier= pglid) [rei^ugeben; bio jur Uebernabmc burd) ben 4kred)tigten i[t [ür cine SBa^rnng feiner 3ntere[fen ju [orgen. ®ie 33eftinTnuingen be« üorftef)enben 9Ib[atjc§ [ollen moblerniorbene 9?ed)te fritter nidit berübren. Gablungen unb [onftige I'eiftungeu eincö ©dinlbnerö, bie bon ben im (Eingänge biefeS "ipunfteö ermill)nten ©teilen ober auf bercn i^er* anlaffung entgegengenommen njorben ceding paragraphs is reserved for a special agreement. 5. Within the territory of each contracting party the periods for the prescription of rights, in so far as concerns the nationals of the other party, shall expire, not earlier than one year after the ratification of the Peace Treaty, in case they had not aheady lapsed before the war. The same principle applies to the periods tor the presentation of interest certificates or dividend certifi- cates, as well as to securities re- deemed or that have become pay- able. The resmnption of the previous status is to be consented to if, in consequence of the war the cred- itor was unable to stay the period granted to enter complaint or else if the defendant was prevented, by an interruption of the com- munications, irom having him- self properly represented in the proceeding relative thereto. 6. The activity of the institu- tions v,'hich, on the ground of a provision of the nature specified in Section 1 , have been entrusted with the supervision, safe-guard- ing, administration, or liquidation of properties, or with the accept- ance of payments shall, without prejudice to the provisions of Sec- tion 7, be settled in accordance with the following basic principles : The supervised, safe-guarded, or administered properties jare, upon the demand of the person entitled thereto, to be released immediately; until the transfer to the person entitled thereto has been effected, the safe-guarding of his interests is to be attended to. The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not affect prop- erly acc[uired rights of third parties. Payments and other ob- ligations of a debtor which have been accepted by the institutions mentioned in the becrinning: of 132 THE UKRAINE PEACE. fiiib, foKeii in ben 6u^bietcn ber Dcrtrog^ frf)(icncnben Xcik bic glcid)c 2.'i>irfung leaden, liiie lucnn [ic bcr (^^läuingcr [clbft -empfangen fiätte. *lh-i.natixrf)t{id)e Verfügungen, bic öon ben bc^eicljnetcn Stellen ober nuf bcren 5?ernn(affung ober ifinen gcgenüücr üor= Qcnonnnen luorbcn finb, bleiben mit Sß3irfung für bcibe Tctl'e aiifrecbter^ finiten. lieber bie Xätigfeit bcr im (Singaiigc biefeö *i|>unftc^ ertoäl^nten ©tcHen, inc^= bcfonbcre über bie (Sinn.abinen uub Shiögabcn., ift ben ikreditigtcn auf S?ertangcn annerjüglid) 9hi«*funft ,yi erteilen. 7. (Mruubftüd'c über Öicdite an einem ©rnnbfiürf, iBergiücrfieriiuf,erung ober duU 3iel)ung ettna erüiadifcubcn 'üLsorteile frei tiou allen in,^unfd}eu begrünbeten Siechten dritter Uiiebcr übertragen tiicrben. 2)ic iöeftimmuiigeu be»j tiorbergel)cn=- ben ?lb[atjeC^ finbeu feine 'HnUumbung, fotueit bie ticränf5crteu isermögeuci= gegenftänbc auf (^■ninib cin.cr für alle Vaubei.'ner uj')on a claim to that end made witliin one year after the ratification of the Peace Treaty, by deducting any profit that may have accrued to him as a result of the said alienation or sub- traction, and exempt from all rights estabhshed in the interval by third parties. Tiie provisions of the preceding paragraph do not applj^ in so far as the alienated properties, on tlie basis of a legislation applicable to all the inhabitants ol the land and to all oi)jects of a like nature, have been taken over in the mean- time by the State or by commu- nities and remain in their posses- sion. In case of the rescinding of the transfer, the demand foreseen in the preceding paragraph anent the deduction or profit may be presented within one year after such rescinding. LEGAL-POLITICAL TREATY WITH AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, 133 (Srfat5 bcr Äricgeifdiäben bcr 33et)ölfcriinfl. 3Irtifcl 5. Tik ncrtrag[d)!ienenbeu Xcilc finb bariibcr einig, ha\:^ ben beiber= feitigcn Eingebungen bie 2cfiäben erfetjt roerben, bie jie infofgc Hon .friegegc= fc^en burd) bie ^citiueilige ober banernbc (Sntjiebung t)on llrbcberrediten, gc= »DcrMidien ®d}u^red)ten, .Uonjefi'ionen, *i}3rit)i{egien nnb afinlidien fuifpriidien ober burd) bie 33cau[[idiiignng, ^^er= irabrung, iscrliialtung ober i^eräu^e=^ rung Don isennögenvjgegcnflänbcn er= litten haben. Saei gleid^e gilt für bie ©diiiben, bie ben Sil'i'oi'igchörigen jebe^? Jcile^ inäbrenb bee* .Üriegeci aufeerbalb ber .^Trieg^^gcbiete non ben ftaat(id)en Crganen ober ber 33ct)ö(fe:= rung be<^ anberen Hc'ik'^ burd) V)ö(fer= red)tömibrige ©elraltafte nn \'dxn, @efu)ibbeit ober ^.'crniögen ',ugeiügt lüorben finb. 3nx v'pinblirf auf bic imn bcr Ufraini= fd)en iöolf^republif in ?(u'?fid)t gc^ nomnicnc!i^ermögcnciauöcinanberfel|ung mit bcn übrigen teilen bee; ebcnialigeu ruffifd)en .'({aiferreid)eö bleibt bie 5Iue!= fübrung bcr im öorbergebenben i'lbfafe aufgeftellten C>H'unbfa^e befonbcrer 3.^er= cinbarung r-orbebaltcn. ^^luötaufd) bcr (^)cfangeuen. Elrtifel 6. Ueber ben im ?(rtifel VI beH-inge befinbüdic '7luv(taufd) bic!!ftnntauglid)cv .^Irieg^^gc- fangcner tuirb möglichft befdVleunigt nierben. Ter '?tuijtanfd) ber übrigen Atricgcsgefangencn foil tu:ittri)ft balb in beftimmtcn, nodi näher ju t>ercinbarcn-= bcn Bcitränmen crfolgcii. Tic .f?often bcr ^^eförbcrung ber .ft'ricgcfgcfangeuen bi{< 3ur (^)rcn,5iibergo.beftation^ trägt ber Staat, bcr bic .f{'rico/?gcfangencn 5urücf- gibt. INDEMNIFICATION OF WAE DAM- AGES SUFFERED BY THE IN- HABITANTS. Article 5. The contracting; par- ties are agreed that the nationals of both parties shall be compen- sated for the losses which they have suffered, in consequence of war lavrs, throujrh the temporary or permanent subtraction of copy- rio;ht, industrial patents, conces- sions, privileges, and similar claims, or through the supervi- sion, safe-guarding, administra- tion, or alienation of any item of property or income. The same applies to all losses occasioned to the civilian nationals of each party during the war without the war zones, by the national au- thorities or by the population of the other party througii acts, con- trary to international lav/, against their body, health, or property. In view of the explanations re- garding property matters which the Ukrainian People's Ivepublic has accepted to enter into which the other parts of the former Rus- sian Empire, the carrying out of the principles establishet;l in the preceding paragraph is reserved to a special agreement. EXCHANGE OF PRISOXEUS. Article 6. Concerning the ex- change of v/ar prisoners foreseen in Article VI of the Peace Treaty, the following provisions are adopted : 1. .The exchange of ])risoners unfit for service which is already under way will be carried out with all possible dispatch. The exchange of the other prisoners of war shall take place as soon as possible and practicable within definite periods of time still to be agreed upon. The costs of con- veying the war prisoners to the frontier station is borne by the State that returns the war pris- oners. • 1). Z. has ©ren^llbergabsftation. 134 THE UKRAINE PEACE.' 2, i^ci bcr CSiitlaffimg erf)nltcn bic ATriegt^gefangciicu ho.'?^ ihnen üon bcii $^ef)örben bc^ ?(ufcntha(t^[tantC'S abflc^ nommeiie l^vitinteigcntinii füUnc ben nod) nld)t nii^bc^^abiten ober lierrcdineten 'Xdi ifn'e-:^ 5ii*beite(iierbicnftc^; bicfc 3>er- )3f[td)tu!ig be.^ielit fid) nidit onf 2d)rift-- ftilcfc niilitariuten ^nbalt^^. 3. (Sine an^S ic liter i^ertretcni ber beiben STcile gu bilbcnbe .fjonnniffion [oft at^bal'b nad) ber ?)!atififation be^? grie^ bcn-oOertragc^ nn einem erft ,;n beftini- nicnbcn Orte :ju|aniincutreten, uni bie nnter 'Inuift 1, jineiter ^(bfal?, lun'ge^ [ebenen Seitrännie [oU)ie bie [on[tigen (Sinjel(}eitcn bc<5 '?(neitnu[d)CtS iui*be[on= berc bic 2lrt nnb 5l\>ci|c bcr ipeimbe[ör- berung ber .friegögcfongencn, fe[l5n-^ [e'^en nnb bic T^nrdijübrnng ber gc= troffcnen 'l^ereinbarung ^u übernmcben. 4. IT'ic nari) iiölfcrvcd)tlid)cn C-'Hiinb^ [ätjen ^n er[tattenbcn ?[ufuicnbiingcn für bie bciberfeitigcn .^U'icgi^gefangcnen mer-^ ben ini i^inblicf anf bie (V-'cfangenen-' jabtcn gei3encina!!bcr nnrgercdinct. 'Tie ipeinifcbr bcr ,Siinlangebi)rigen. ^Hrtifcl 7. lieber bie i^cinifebr bcr bciber[eitiöcn Biwif^^flcbörigen tnerben bic nad}[tebcnbeu ^'C[tiinnuuigen gc^ troffen: 1. X'ie bciberfeitigcn iiitcrnicrtcu ober iier[d)icftcn Si^^i^iiiiöcbörigen Uier- ben tnn{id)ft halb freigeUiffcn nnb jene öon ihnen, bie in ihre >'5eimot 3unicf= febrcH moKen, fobalb aU niöglicli nnent- gc(tUd) bcinibcförbert werben. *panbcfönicberlaffung bctt= ten unb [id) iiidjt in biefen ('»"»ebieten aufbauen, fönnen bortbin jnriicffebren, fobalb fid) ber anbcre Xeil nid)t: mebr im ,S'riegS5uftanb befinbet. Xie 9xücf= febr barf nur auö ©rünben ber inneren ober äuf^eren «Sidierbeit bei? Staate^ berfagt loerben. %U i^u^nseis? genügt ein üon ben ißebörbcn beci ipeiniat^ftaate^ anöge= ftettter 'X^ü\i, lüonad) ber 3nbaber iu ben im üorbergebenben 'Hbfal? bejeid)= ncten ^3er fönen gebort; ein töiittöer^ merf auf bem "ij^aß ift nid)t erforber(id). 3. 3)ie 5Ingcbörigen febe^ ber öer:= tragfd)Iief,enben Jcüe foUen in ben ©e^ bieten beö anberen Teilet für bie 3eit, roäbrenb beren bort ibr C''ienicrbe= unb C)anbcleibetrieb ober ibrc fonftige (Sr= luerbötätigfeit infolge bce> .^triegeö ge= rubt bat, feinerlei ?hiflagen, 5Uigafaen, «Steuern ober ©ebübren für ben ®c= werben ober ^panbel^betrieb ober bic fonftige (Srtnerbötätigfeit unterliegen, Beträge, bie biernad) nid)t gefd)u(bet Serben, aber bereites crboben finb, foUen binnen fedv? ^Jionatcn nad) ber 9?atififation bc^ o'^'^cbcnöOertragciS jn- rürferftattct mcrbcn. ::^lnf 6panbclö= ober fonftige (5i1ucrbö= gefeUfd)aftcn,^ an bencn 3lngebörige be^ einen 3:ei(cv5 a[« ©cfcllfdiaftcr, 3lftionäre ober in fonftiger ilßeife beteiligt finb unb beren iöetrieb in beu" (Gebieten beö anberen Teilet infolge beö Äriegeö gerubt bat, finben bie 33eftimmungcn beg üorbergebenben 31bfaljeg cntfpred)= enbe ^Inroenbung. Kriegergräber. Strtifel 8. 3eber öertragfd)liefeenbe 2:eil berpflid)tet fid), bie auf feinen ©ebietcn befinblid)en Örabftattcn ber 2. The nationals of a con- tracting party who had their domicile or an industrial or com- mercial enterprise within the ter- ritories of the other party at the outbreak of the war and who were not living within these territories, may return thither as soon as the other party no longer is in a state of war. Such return may be re- fused only for reasons of the in- ternal or external safety of the State. Sufficient proof of this will be a passport issued by the authori- ties of the home State showing that the holder thereof belongs to the persons specified in the preceding paragraph; the pass- port does not require a vise. 3. The nationals of each con- tracting party shall, within the territories of the other party, for the time during which their in- dustrial or commercial enter- prises, or any other financial activity has lapsed in conse- quence of the war, not be subject to any kind of assessments, levies, taxes or dues for the industrial or commercial enterprise or other financial activity. Amounts which, in consequence, are not owed, but have already been levied, shall be reimbursed within six months after the ratification of the Peace Treaty. The provisions of the preceding paragraph are similarly applicable to commercial and other indus- trial companies in which nationals of the one party are interested as associates, share-holders, or in any other manner, and whose enterprise, within the territory of the other party, has lapsed in consequence of the war. soldiers' graves. Article S. Each contracting party obligates itself to respect and to care for, within its terri- D. Z. has (grroerbsefcflfdjaftcn. 2D. Z. has be-. 136 THE UKRAINE PEACE. .f)eere§angcl)öri9cn lolitic ber n)äf)rcnb bcr ^ntcniicruHOi ober !!Öer[d)icfung öeritorbcncii fonftigcn '?tugcl)örigcn beö anberen Jeileö ju ad)teii itub ju unter= galten; aiid) föuuen ^Beauftragte bie[e«^ Xdk?> bie "Pflege iinb angemcf feite Slugfc()niücEinig ber ©rabftätten im (Sinöeriiefimen mit bcu l^anbe^56el)örben beforgen. Sie nätierc Dertrag^^mäfeigc Siegelung biefer Shigclegeutjett luirb einer mög= Iid)ft balb eiiijufcljenbeii gemifd)ten ©pe^ialfommiffioii obüegen. ^'tmncftic für btc Wefaiigeucii. ;Hrtiiet 9. ^e^^cr nertragfdiliefjeiibe Xei( gelDäbrt noüe Straffreiheit hm bem anbcrcn Ücifc augcbörenbeii .^'riegöge= fangenen für a((e non itmeii bcgniigeiien gerid)tlidi ober bi<^^ip(iimrtfd) fti'afbareu 63aiiblungen, ferner ben UHtbrcnb bec( ,#riegeiS internierten ober nerfdncften ,3itti[angcbörtgen beö anberen Xcik\^ für a!Ie Unibreub bcr 3ntcrnierung ober S5erfd)trfung begangenen gcrid)t{id} ober biSv-pIinarifdi ftraf baren v'panbinngeu nnb enblidi alfen ^Hngcliörigen be'5 an beren Jeile^ für bic \u beffcn (>^unften begangenen Straftaten. T'k im oorftchenbcn 'Hbfal? oorge febcne Straffreibeit erftredt fidi nid)t auf .'öaubtungen, bie nadi ber ^luitififo^ tion be^? Aricbcncficrtrageo begangen merben. 'oouielt nadi ben obto.cn 'licftim- mungen -Straffreibeit gcmabi't mirb, tuerben neue Strafocrfabrcn ntdii: clnge^ leitet; bie anbängigcu Straflierfnbrcn eingeftellt unb bie erfanntcn Strafen er^ taffen. T'od) fönnen Vtricg^^gcfaugcne, bie fid) \mi),m Moa'merrate^ ober Vanbc? oerratei?, :T)torbeo, ')uinbe^:?.. räuberifdier igrpreffung, lior>at}(idier '-Branbftiftung ober 3itt(icl}fcit*lierbred)en in Uuter- fu'.fiung'^^ ober Strafbaft befinben, bi^3 ju ibrer Sntfaffnng in s?aH bcbalten tüerbcu. X'ie oertragfd)!ieRenbcn Teile geiiulb' reu ibren eigenen ^Hngebörigen OoKe Straffrei boit für bic '-i^enätigung in ber torlos, the graves of combatants as well as of other nationals of the other party who died during their internment or deportation; persons authorized by the latter party may also tend to the care and proper adornment of the graves, in agreement with the national authorities. The more detailed contractual settlement of this matter will de- volve upon a special mixed com- mission to be appointed as soon as possible. AMNESTY FOR THE PRISONERS. Article 9. Each contracting party grants to the war prisoners, interned civilians, and deported belonging to the other party com- plete immunity from penalty for all acts committed by them and punishable by the courts or in virtue of disciplinary measures, and finally, to the nationals of the other party for punishable acts performed to its benefit. The immunity from penalty foreseen in the preceding para- graph does not extend to acts committed after the ratification of the Peace Treaty. In so far as according to the preceding provisions, immunity from penalty is granted, no new penal proccu^dings will be insti- tuted, the ])ending penal proceed- ings will be discontinued, and ]:)enalties already imposed will be remitted. But war ])risoners who are under preliminary arrest or in prison for State or National treason, for murder, robbery, predatory extortion, premedi- tated arson, or crime against morality, will be detained up to the time of their release. The contracting parties guaran- tee to their own nationals com- plete immunity from penalty for LEGAL-POLITICAL TREATY WITH AUSTEIA-HUNGARY. 137 ."t^ricQ'giubuftric uvib für mUilärifdic ?(rbcitcu, ,511 benen fie uulf)renb i[)rcr .ffric9<3gcfangenfd)aft f)erange5ogcu inor^ ben ftiib. Tie aufgebracf)ten önnbe(§fcfnffe. ?(rtifel 10. 6panbe(öfd)iffe beö einen ber t)ertragfd)(icf3cnbcn. Teile, bic bei ÄriegöaniJbrud) in ben .spilfen beö an= beren Xeileö lagen, Uierben ebenfo lüie if}rc ?abnngen juriidgcgeben ober, fonieit bieö nid)t möglid) ift, in @elb crfet^t mcrbcn. 2öegcn ber iuTgiltnng für bie !öcnü^ung foldier Scbiffc uiöbrenb bc^s .^Iriege^ bleibt im ^pinblirf anf bie tson ber lifrainifdien iH")lf<:rcpnb!if in i^(u^= fid)t gcnoriimene ?(n\?einanberfeljung mit ben übrigen Teilen be^ ci}ema(igcn rnffifd)cn ,f{aiferrcid)c^ eine befonbere ^krcinbarnng Dorbebaitcn. 3)ie aU "il^rlfen auf gebrad)ten §anbe(?^= fd)iffe ber liertragfd)iieBcnben Teile foHen, menu fie nor ber ^li'atififation beci g-riebeneiüertrageö bitrdi rcditi}ubIif anbercrfeit^^ U>irb narf)[tebenbec fcftge= [teilt: 1 . ^Jhut) Jtrtifei 3, ^;;!ücitcr 5(b|ut-v bcS -3u[al^iiertragc3 l;at bic gemeinsame ö[terreid)i[cb=nngarifcl)e ^icgicrriug ber ufrainifd)cn 9iegicrung inncrt)a(b einer beftimmten ^rift bie S>crträge, '?fb= The contracting parties will do all in their power for the free return to their country of mer- chant vessels, together with their cargoes, restored in virtue of the first two paragraphs. RATIFICATIOX IN VIENNA. Article 11. This supplementary treaty which forms an essential part of the Treaty of Peace shall be ratified. The ratification acts shall, as soon as practicable, be exchanged m Vienna. In so far as it is not stipulated therein to the contrary, it goes into force after the exchange of the ratifications. In order to complete the sup- plementary treaty, and especially in order to conclude the further agreements foreseen therein, rep- resentatives of the contracting parties will meet, as soon as pos- sible after the ratification, in a place still to ])o designated. In faith whereof the Plenipo- tentiaries have signed this supple- mentary treaty and affixed their seals thereto. Executed in duplicate at Brest- Litovsk, 12 February, 1918. ANNEX. It is further stated with regard to the supplementary treaty: Anent the signing of the Aus- tro-Hungarian - Ukrainian supple- mentary treaty to the Peace Treaty signed 9 February, 1918, between Germany. Austria-Hun- gary, Bulgaria, and Turkey, on the one hand, and the Ukrainian People's Repuidic, on the other hand, it is established as follows: 1. According to Article 3, Sec- ond Paragraph, of the supple- mentary treaty, the Joint Austro- Hungarian Government is obli- gated to communicate to the Ukrainian Government, within a definite period, the treaties, agree- LEGAL-POLITICAL TREATY WITH AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 139 foiiimcn iinb 93ereinbaruiiöen nüt3U:= teilen, bic ^^lüti'cficn Cc[tcrrcid)=Uiigam ober einem ber Oeiben Staaten ber ö[tcrrciu)ifdvunciarifd)en SJionardnc unb i'^iußlnnb nor ber .ririeflc'erflanino in ATraft fleuaiibcti finb. Sollte bierbei iicrfebeutUc!) ein 3>crtrai3 au-3gc(afl"en mcrben, \o Uiürbc b:c iicnicintanie öftcrrciit)iüt=ungaril\te :'')iegierun0 ibn nad)träc(üd) mitteilen. 3n biefem 5?nTfe nnirbe ber 5krtrafl nnr mit ,B^![tiiii= mmig ber ufrainifdien !^ictjiernng in .•ü'raft treten. 2. ^m 5frtifel 5, ^tncitcr Miai}, über hcn Grfat? ber „Siöilfdiäben, unb im Hrtifcl 10, sn3eiter Hbfat?, über bie S3er= gütmiß für bie ^tenü^uug imn C2mbargo= fd)if[en, finb im ©inblirf auf bie lion ber Ufrainifdien S^olf^rcpublif in !?Iuöftd)t genommene 33ermögen6auöeinanberfe= ^ung mit bcn übrigen 3lei(en be^ et)e- maligen ruffifdieu .fiaifcrreid)eö befon- berc ^iscreinbarnngcn üor bebalten, iöei ber (Srörterung bicfcr 3?orbe{)alte tüar bie i5fterreidiifd) - ungarifd) = ufrainifd)c 9ied)t^fommiffion barübcr einig, baJ3 bie S3crcinfcarungen grunbfü^Iicb erft ge= troffen uicrbcn foKcn, nad)bem bie 53er= mögcn^auöeinanberfe^ung ftattgefunben bat unb bie 3(ftilia unb 'i'afitini be^ StaatSöermögen^ verteilt finb, fpä= teftcn^ aber, nad}bem ber aHgemcine europaifd)c j^riebc gefd)Ioffeu ift. 3Da= bei lierftel)t eö ftd), baJ3 bie ufrainifd)c Sxegicrung für ö[tcrrcid)ifdie unb uuga- rifdje Crmbargofdjiffc, bie non i{)r ober auf i()rc S>eranlaffung bcnü^t inorben finb, eine cntfpredicnbe ^.krgütung obne U^eitereei leiften mirb. Sie ufrainifdie Delegation ift mit ben obigen .^lonftatierungcu cinöerftanbcu Sßeiter iinrb öftcrreid)ifd)*ungarifd)er= feitö nad)ftel}eube ßrflärung abgegeben: Sllad) ?(rtifel 4, ^^unft 4, gmeitcr Ibfatj unb 'i^unft 7, glüciter Hbfatj, foKcu ge^^ luiffc i^ermögeng'tncrtc, bie infolge. öon ments, and conventions which, before the declaration of war, were in force between Austria- Hungary or l)etween one of the two States of the Austro-Hun- garian Monarchy and Russia. If through an oversight some one treaty were not so communicated, the Jouit Austro-Hungarian Gov- ernment would communicate it subsequently. In such case the treaty would go into force only after approval of the Ukrainian Government. 2. In Article o, Second Para- graph, dealing with indemnifica- tion of civilian damages, and in Article 10, Second Paragraph, treating of compensation for the use of embargo ships, special agreements are reserved in respect to explanations regarding prop- erty matters Mdiich the Ukrainian People's Ixepublic has agreed to enter into with the other parts of the former Russian Empire. In discussing these reservations, the Austro-Hungarian Juridical Com- mission agreed that the conven- tions should, in principle, be en- tered into after the said explana- tions regardino; property matters and after the liabilities and assets of the national property have been apportioned, at the latest, however, after the general Euro- pean peace has been concluded. At the same time, it is understood that the Ukrainian Government will unreservedly furnish an ade- quate compensation for Austrian and Hungarian embargo ships which it has used or which have been used upon its inducement. The Ukrainian delegation has agreed to the foregoing stipula- tions. Furthermore, on the part of Austria-Hungary, the following declaration is made: According to Article 4, Section 4, Second Paragraph, and Section 7, Second Paragraph, certain property val- 140 THE UKKAINE PEACE. Äricgi^gcfcljcu bcii 'lun-cclitiötcii cntjogcn luorbeu finb, nid)t lincbcriicrgcftcUt ober gurilrfgcQcIieu Uierbcn, lücun fie injUn^ fcf)en auf @runb einer für alk 'L'anbeö^ einmo!)ncr unb für alle ©eQciiftanbe ber gtcidien ?(rt geltcnbcn Ci'icfcl?gebuiig Der- ftaatUd)t ir-orbcii finb, !3^ie öftcrrcid]= ifdi=imgarifd]e 'X)c(cöaiion hält auf ©runb cineö ailgciuciu auerfauntcu öö(fcrrcd)t!id}cu Satjcci baran feft, baf? für öerftaal1id)tc '-Bcnuögcn^uiertc t>on 3lu§läuberu unter allen Ünaftiinben eine angemcffene (Sntfdiäbigung .^^u leiften ift. S)ie ufraimfd)c Delegation öertritt nad) Uiie üor bie i^luffaffung, ba^ bei iBerftaatlid)ungen Don iscrniögenögegen= ftänben 5luölänber bie gleidie 9ied}tSlage lüic ^Tilünbcr t)aben. 33reft=Sitom§f,am 12. J^ebruar 1918. ues which, in consequence of war laws, have been taken from those entitled thereto, shall not be re- stored or restituted, if in the meantime, the said property val- ues have been nationalized on the basis of legislation applicable equally to all inhabitants and to all properties subject to the laws of the country in question. The Austro-Hungarian delegation, on the basis of a generally accepted principle of international law, maintains that, for property val- ues .of aliens which have been nationalized, an adequate com- pensation is to be made in all circumstances. The Ukrainian delegation ad- heres to its o])inion that in the case of the nationalization of prop- erty values, aliens enjoy the same legal status as the inhabitants. Brest-Litovsk, 13 February, 191S. 2. UKRAINE— AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, ALLEGED SECKET AGREEMENT FOR PROTECTION OF UKRAIN- IANS IN AUSTRIA. 1 [German text as published in Neue Freie Presse, 7 July, 191S, morning edition, p. 7.] !©ie .frafaiier „'OJotua 9ieforma" beröffentltdit ben nngcblicten 3SortIaut beö mit ben llf rainern gefdjioffenen •ißafteö. 3)ie ^Vereinbarung lautet: „S)a bie Ufrainer h^n in ber Ufraine h3o{)nenbcn SOtinoritilten, barunter aud) ben 'ij3oIen, eine n)eitget)enbe ?tutonomie unb bie 9Jtöglid)feit ber fultnrellen ßntlüicflung jucrfannt f)aben, erflären and) n^ir, uni bie fuItureH=^nationate (Sntmicflung jeneö 'Xeileö bcö ufraini= fd)en S>otfee! ju fid)ern, ber auf ö[ler= reid)i[d)cm ^Temtoriuni lebt, unb gum S^^ä einer engeren 5(nnä^erung ber ©taaten, ba^ fpäteftenö bi^ gum 31. 3uli im 'iparlament ein ®e[etjentlüurf über bie Silbung eineö befonberen ^rontanbeö auö ber 53nfoftiina unb auö jenem 3leil Oftgaligien^, ber in übernnegenber 3n()I ^^on Ufrainern be= tüo^nt mirb, eingebrad)t inerben [oH. ®ie ö[terreid)i[d)e 9iegierung mirb alle it)r jur S?er[ügnng ftef)enbcn \)^X' fa-feungömäjsigen 9}ittte( anluenben, ha-- mit biefer (Sntlt»urf auf parlamentari- fd)em SSege ©efe^eöfraft erlange." [Translaiion.] The Cracow "Nowa Reforma" publishes the alleged text of the pact concluded with the Ukrain- ians. The agreement reads: "In view of the fact that the Ukrainians have granted to the minorities living in the Ukraine, and among the Poles, a far-reach- ing autonomy and the possibility of a cultural development, there- fore, we also declare, in order to insure the national-cultural de- velopment of that part of the Ukrainian people who live within Austrian territory, and for the purpose of a closer connection between the States, that at the latest by 31 July, a bill will be introduced into Parliament deal- ing with the creation of a special crown-land from the Bukowina and that part of east Galicia which is preponderatingly in- habited by Ukrainians. The Austrian Government will use all constitutional means at its dis- posal to the end that this bill may be given legal force through parliamentary action. '^ 1 "The Ukrainian newspaper Dilo, published in Lemberg, learns from a reliable source that the Hetman General Skoropadslci, has informed the Austrian government that he attaches no value to the carrying out of the secree treaty regarding Galicia, and iias released Austria from her obligations without even consulting his Ministry or the I<'oreign Minister. " When the fact leaked out such ex;citement was caused that he was obliged to tell Count Burian that his step was illegitimate. Count Burian said he was unable to recognize the Hetman's new arguments. (London Times, 6 August, 191S, p. 3.)" 85700—18- -10 141 13. UKRAINE— GERMAIVY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. AGREEMENT FOR UKRAINE'S FURNISHING CEREALS, GRAIN AND OIL-SEEDS. SIGNED AT KIEF, 12 NOON, 9 APRIL, 1918.^ [German summary as published in the Deut- scher Reichsanzeiger, 1] April, 1918, evening edition.] .f ieö, 9. i>(pril (SB. «.) nad) Imiöen fd)h)iertgen S3erf)anb(imgen t[t f)eute ©tenftag 91?ittnö ein ?(bfommen über bie Se[d)a[fung öon 60 9}H(Uonen ^ub '-örotgetreibe, (Vuttergetretbe, ^piilfen^ friiditcn unb Ölfaaten öon ben nfxaU nifrficu, beiitfcf)en unb ö[terreid}ifd}=un= gari[d)eti ^Delegierten nnterjjeid)net lt»or= ben. S'^vc ge[d)äftUd)cn 3)nrd)fü[)rung ber grojjen 3(nfgabe I)al)en 5)eutfd)(anb unb Ö[terreid)4lngam in .ftieö eine faufniännifd)e 9Birtfdia[tiS[teI(e errid)- tet. ®ie nimmt mit ibren .ffom= miffioniiren ha§ ©etreibe öon ber ufrainifd)cu ^anbel^organifatton ober burd) eigene ufrainifd)e Unterfommif' fionitre ab. 3m ?tpril [inb 9, im 9Jtni 15, im Suni 20, unb im 3uli 19 9[)?inioncn 'i^ub ju liefern. S)te be= fteljenben >_^öd)[tprci[e für ben ufraini^ fd}en (Sr^euger, 5 9?nbe( für 9ioggen unb 6 9iube( für SBei^cn, bürfen nidjt erl)öf)t Serben. !Die i^ufd)täge für Un= foften aller 5(rt unb ^'ommiffionen foinic 5^-rnd)traten finb entfpredienb bem t)obcn ufrainifdjen 'i]3reiöftanb feftge^ (egt. ^k ©etreibelieferungen haben bereite begonnen. [ Translation.] Kief, 9 April (W. B.). After long and difficult negotiations, there has been signed this day, at the hour of noon, by the Uki'ainian, German, and Austro- Hungarian delegates, an agree- ment concerning the furnishing of 60 million poods of bread cereals, fodder grain, podded grain, and oil-seeds. For the business accomplishment of the great task, Germany and Austria- Hungary have established in Kiel a mercantile office. This office, through its commissioners or tlirough Ulo-ainian sub-commis- sioners, receives the grain from the Ukrainian commercial organ- ization. In April, 9 million poods in May 15, in June 20, and in July 19 million poods are to be supplied. The existing maxi- mum prices for the Ukrainian producer, that is, 5 rubles for rye and 6 for wheat may not be increased. Incidentals for ex- penses of all kinds, for commis- sions and freight rates are fixed to correspond to the high Ukrai- nian quotations. The operations for furnisliing grains have al- ready begun. ' This agreement seems to have been made by the commission provided for in Article VII, part I, sub- (laragraph (a), of the Treaty of Peace of 9 February, 1918. 143 14. UKRAINE— GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. ECONOMIC AGREEMENT BETWEEN UKRAINE ON THE ONE HAND, AND GERMANY AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY ON THE OTHER HAND. SIGNED AT KIEF, 23 APRIL, 1918. [German summary of the text as ■puhlisTiedin the Neue Freie Presse, 27 April, 1918, evening edition.'] "S^ie ö[tcrreUi]ijüi:=iingnriüf'C .ftüinnül [ion, bic unter bcr 5iU)rung be^ i^ot irf)a[tercs ©rafen Jvorgadi in SVxiW öemcinfant mit bcr beutfdicn rdega tion bic ini 'i^rcftcr Jvi-'iebcneiliertrnö für ben bcibcrfeitigcn 'il>nrennn^?tnnfd) lun*-^ gefchcncii i^crtinnblnngcu ^u führen |attc, bnt it)re 'Jlrbcit nböcfdiloffcn, nad)beni ant 23. ?(pril ba«( <^Unfd)cn bcr ufrainifcfien 5?oIförcpnbIif eiiierfciti^ fo= mie Ccftcrrcid) Ungarn unb Teuifd) lanb anberfeit^ Oereinbarte Sirtfdiaft^ abfonimcn unter^eidnict nmrben ift! Tik .^'ommiffion ift am 20. ?(pri( nadi SBicn '^nrücfgefelirt, um nunmehr bic notlucnbigcn ?(rbeiten, bic megcn rurrf)= füfirnng bc^ llcfaercinfommcnvi unfer feitö "^u bemerffteKigen finb, rafdieft in Eingriff jn nebmen. !Der ikrtrag beftebt au<5 einer !')ieibe Oon Gin^ctabfomm.en. J)ie 5>erein- barnngen, bic für C'cftcrreid)4Ingarn unb T'eutfdilanb gcmeiufam abgcfdiloffcu iüurbcu, laufen im Sinne bcr J^Tiei^cnes^ öertrngöbcftimmungcn bi^:< jum 31. 3luli 1918. X)aö »uiditigfte (Jin^elabfommcn ift jeneö über (^ktreibc, ,*pülfenfrüdite, (Futtermittel unb ©itmereien. $i}egen biefer S3e5üge ftmrbc juuvädift eine ^Vereinbarung über bic Orgauifation ber ?Infbriugung in ber Ufraine unb luciter ein 5>ertrag über bie !2icfernugcn nbgefdi{offen. Tcmnadi n)irb baei nod) {Translation. "] The Austro-Hungarian Com- mission, which under the leader- ship of Ambassador Count For- gach, in cooperation with the German delegation, was instruct- ed to carry on the negotiations foreseen in the Brest Peace Treaty for the reciprocal exchange of goods, terminated its labors when on 23 April the economic agree- ment come to between the Ukrai- nian People's Republic on the one hand and Austria-Hungary and Germany on the other hand had been signed. The Commis- sion returned to Vienna on 26 April to take up as speedily as possible the necessary work which must be performed on our part to give practical effect to the agreement. The treaty consists of a num- ber of separate agreements. The accords, wliich were concluded both in the interest of Austria- Hungary and Germany, expire, in the sense of the provisions of the Peace Treaty, on 31 July, 1918. The most important separate agreement is that dealing with gi'ains, podded gi'ains, fodder, and seeds. With regard to the furnish- ing of these items, an agreement was reached for the organization of storing them in the Ukraine and a treaty made anent the supply- 145 146 THE UKEAINE PEACE. Don ber niffifdicii i^licgicnuifl er(af[ciic @ctreibel)aubeiöticrbot aufgehoben iinb ber in ber Ufniiue beftanbene G'lrofe unb .fi'tehibaubct nut C'ktreibe unb ben anberen genannten Sparen in organic fierter 5"0i'iJi uncbcr ^^ugelaffen. I^tefc Organifation, btc unter beni ^}hTimen beö Staatögctrctbebuveauv^ bereite^ hb5 Öeben getreten ift, beftc[)t au^^ ben 3(ngebörigcn ber lanbunrtfd)aftUdicn Öörfen, 'XHiebteru, 53enljeru tion ^Jtülilen fomie au^ ben Ianb>uirtfd)aft(iclieu We noffenfdiaften. 3n ber 'Zöieberctn= fd)altung aller btcfer .fräftc in bie ?(ufbriugung<^aftion fann bie (*>3elintbr erblicft iwrben, bafl bie (irfaffuug ber 'ir^are, fofern fie überl)aupt burd) eine fornnier^ieKe Organifation mögiidi ift, belDerfftetligt uicrben unrb. Tie Hon ber Ufraine -^u üefei-nben 9}Jengen betragen für Oeftcrrcid) Ungarn fünf i))iiIUonen ^Jteter^entncr biö iSn^Q iluü, ivobci für bie einzelnen ä)conatc beftiiumte Xeilfontingente Her- abrebet finb. Tk brei (Metreibe^cii- traten fomie bie öfterreid)ifd)e Sfi^tra(= einfauf^gefelTfdiaft baben in STic\v uüt ©enebmigung ber ufrainifdien 9iegie= rung eine bcutfd}^öfterreid)ifcliungarifd)c 'Ißirtfd)aft^?jentra{c erriditet, bie .^ur ?(blt)irf(nng ber abgefditoffenen l'ebcu'?- niittetttevtritge berufen, ift. ^liUi öfter= reid)ifd)e i^crtreter fungieren ber T^i- reftor ber S^i^eigfteÜe ^l^rag ber .^iriegi*- gctreibet>crfe()ri5 \?icfcruug<^- apparatev^ in kiov Herbleibeu. X'er ^^tbtraueiport beö ©etreibee^ uiib ber 9Jial)lürobufte, unb jtimr ^unädift ber in öcrfdiiebeuen. ^i'agern unb ben 'itJLÜl)Icn greifbaren i^orriitc bat bereite^ be gönnen; Porbcrbanb finb grijfeere ^Ucen^ gen 9ioHgerfte, iBucbiuei^cn unb ipirfe abgegangen. I'ie ^'Infbriugung bürfte ing of them. Accordingly, the prohibition decree issued by the Russian Government with regard to traffic in grains is abrogated, and wholesale and retail com- merce in grains and the other mentioned goods is again per- mitted in properly organized form in the Ukraine. Tliis organiza- tion which under the name of "National Bm'eau of Grains" is already in operation and con- sists of the members of the agi'i- cultural exchanges, farm tenants, owners of mills, and agricultural associations. In the cooperation of all these forces for the purpose of collecting and storing, a guar- antee is provided for the securing of the goods, in so far as it is pos- sible to brin^ this about through a commercial organization. The quantities which the Ukraine is to furnish to Austria- Hungary amount to 500,000,000 hectometers up to the end of July, whereof definite portions have been agreed upon for each month. ■The three central granaries as well as the Austrian Central Pur- chasing Company have, with the approval of the Ukrainian Gov- ernment, established in Kief, a German — Austro - Hungarian agricultural central bureau upon which devolves the carrying out of the treaties concluded with regard to the necessities of life. Austria is represented by the director of the Prague branch office of the Militär}^ Bureau for Grain Traffic, Governmental Councillor Heindl, and tierr Lippmann; Hungary is repre- sented by Herr Lorant. This central office began operations some days ago. Mr. Hern^ann Reif, Vice President of the Mili- tary Bureau for Grain Traffic will remain in Kief until the initial difficulties of the supplying ao;encies have been overcome. The movmg of grain and of milled products, especially in regard to ECONOMIC AGREEMENT WITH CENTRAL POWERS. 147 crft ?lii[anö 'JJcai einen örö[5eren Um fang annct)mcn, bcnn bcr '!?anbn3irt i[t eben nod) 7nit bcm JriÜijaöri^an&au befcl)üfttflt. 'i^or altem aber finb nodi alle iene febr Qrof^en SrijUnerlgfeiten bei bei* ?{nfbrin.gnng unb beni Tran'ö^ port ^^u übeniHiiben, bie [idi aid i^olQt ber ^vcüohition ergeben nnb bie natnr= gemöfe nod) nicht gan^ behoben finb. 5)ad (antreffen cr()cblid)erer S)?engcn fann baf)er bei gröfjtcr iöefd)Icnnignng bei 2:ran'?»ortö nngefäbr für ßnbe )))lai gemilrtigt incrbcn. (Sine iüeiterc n3id)tigc ^Vereinbarung betrifft bie IMefcrung 'oon Giern. T)ie ufrainifd)e ^licgicrung bat fid) oer^ pflid)tet, bid sum 81. 3ult 1918 metirere fiunbert ^JJiUionen ©tücf (Sier ju liefern unb njirb fid) bemü{}cn, bie bi«bcr ^^ugefagten SOJengcn nacb Xun^ Iid)feit \\i erhöben. (Sin anbered 2tbfomnien betrifft bie !!;?icfening üon £d)(ad)tt)icb. T^ic "?(nf= bringung ber Gier nnb bed 2d)(ad)tt)iebd erfolgt burd) bie Don bcr nfrainifchen Regierung gefd)affcnen Drganifationcn. Sollten bicfe bie oereinbarten 9Jlonatd= mengen an betreibe, iiVieh nnb Giern nid)t liefern, fo ift bcr bcntfd)-üfter=^ reid)ifd)nuigarifd)en Ül'irtfdiaftd^entrale \)a?!i ^fccht eingeräumt, ben Jluffauf burd) ihre 33er-ollmäd)tigten felbftänbig burdi^nführen. Jvür ben i^c^ng uon .Kartoffeln, (^iemüfe, Jrodengemüfe, *2aucrfraut unb S^i^i'^'^clii iDurbe ben ^Jtittcl- möd)ten ber freie Ginfauf jugcftanben. 3)ie Lieferung öon @pecf unb S'^idtv ift einem befonbercn ^Ibfommen nod) öorbcl)alten. the sujjplies available in tho vari- ous storehouses and mills, has al- ready begun; at present more or less large quantities of square bar- ley, buckwheat, and millet have been shipped. The collecting of stores of grain may be expected to assume larger proportions only by the beginning of Maj', for the farm- ers are at present still busy with spring cultivation. Above all, too, must be overcome enormous diffi^ culties connected with the gather- ing and transportation of stores incident to the Revolution and not yet entirely surmounted. The arrival of considerable cj[uan- tities may, therefore, if transpor- tation can be quickly arranged, be realized only about the end of May. A further important agreement concerns the furnishing of eggs. The Ukrainian Government has obligated itself to supply, up to 31 July, 1918, several hundred millions of eggs, and to exert itself to increas(^, as far as practi- cable, the quantities until now promised. Another agreement concerns the supplying of beef cattle. The securing of the eggs and of beef cattle will be effected through the organizations estab- lished by the Ukrainian Govern- ment. If the latter should not supply the stipulated monthly quantities of grain, cattle, and eggs, the German — Austro-Hun- garian agricultural central ofhce will be entitled to engage in the independent purchase of these articles through their representa- tives. As regards the supplying of potatoes, vegetables, dried vege- tables, sauerkraut, and onions, the Central Powers were granted the right of free purchase. The supplying of bacon and sugar is reserved for a special agreement. l-iS TilE UKRAINE PEACE. "J^'t^^ Über bie 33e5liQC Don ']iohfroÜcii Qiisi bcr llfmiue abgcfctloffcuc 'i^rotofoll ficht folgenbc "iscreuibarunöcu nor: bic (Sniuxilicbitng boii ^^esiigcn t^ou [iir iin= [ere 3ubiiftrie untttigeii ®pc,5ialbö(= gern. ''An Jeytih-oliftoffcn iff bic ?(ii?^= fubnuööiidifeit für ?v{aciK^ftro() fidler- geftcftt uiorbeu. Tagcgen fonniit bei bcm ^I^iangcl an aubcrliuntigcn Spiim = ftoffcu in bcr llfraiiic iiiib bei bein eicie- lien 8rof3en Xertiiienbcbarf in bicfern •?anbc cine ?(u^fubr Hon 2pinnrob= matcrinl nüc Jf'^^'ii^r 53aunii>jo(Ic nub äl^oUe ,511 imei uidit in (Vrncuc. Gin 53creb{nniv^licrfebr für ^l^Soik nfroinifdicr .s^crfiuift, bie in ben (^V- bieten bcr Sltittehnildite auf orrate frcigeftcHt. Jür bie ^efd)affung noii (iifencrgen tinirbc ein. Uebcrcinfomnien babin er^ jicit, baf^ b'li' snm 31. '^suli bie ?(uefubr Don 37H l^tillionen i^ub (a IG ,rti(o= gramni) (5ifcner5 fidiergcftcntiinrb. ?(udi untrbc für ben '-öeuig Pon ^Jatnganer'scn ®orgc getragen. ©d^Iiefelid) unirbe audi für ^lltcifcu bie Wrnnblage für (5"rpi.n-tc au{< bcr Ufrainc ftdicrgcftcllt. 5Ulc jene ^liobftoffe, incldic nidit (Mc^ gcnftanb ber befonberen, eben crUiiibnten protofoflarifdicn '^Vereinbarungen finb, bleiben beni freien "iBcrfcbr binfiditlidi v'oanbcl nnb ^(u^^fnbr überfaffen. Gegenüber unfercn Jorberungcn, bie fid) in erfter ^Hnic onf Vebcnöniittcl bc.^icben, unirben Pon bcr ufraiiiifcbcu üicgicrung 'iBünfcbc iregen il-^eliefcrung mit inbnftrienen ör^,cugniffen Por- Qcbradit. 3n erfter I'inie fanben bie Pon nfrainifdicr ©cite befonber«^ uad)= brücflid) betonten JÖünfdie üKgen ?icfc= llie protocol entered into with i'egard to the supplying of raw materials provides for agreements relative to means for facilitating the supplying of special timber irn])ortant for our industries. In the category of textile raw ma- terials, the exportation for flax straw has been assured. On the othei- hand. ])ecaiise of the lack of other material for spinning and the large local need of textiles in the Ukraine, exportation into our coimtry of raw material for spin- ning, such as flax, cotton, and wool, lias not been brouglit to discussion. Trafhc in wool of Ukrainian origin which is to be put through refining processes within the ter- ritory of the Central Powers with a view to its being used for finished manufactiirec' articles has, in principle, been provided for. With '-egard to rags, the Central Powei's have been given the right to purchase and to ex])ort such su})])ües of rags as there may be in the Ukraine. As regards the ])rocuring of iron ores, an agreement was reached to the effect that up to 81 July the exportation of 37^ million poods (1 pood =16 kilo- grams) of iron ore is assured. At- tention was also given to secur- ing manganese ore. Finally, the basis was laid for the exportation of old iron from the Ukraine. All those raw materials which are the subject of the special agreements referred to and di'aft- ed in the form of protocols are granted free traffic with I'egard to commerce and exportation. As against our demands, ^\hich in the first place relate to neces- sities of life, the Ukrainian Gov- erimient requested that it be sup- plied with industrial products. In the first place, the wishes so urgently presented on the part of the Ukraine with regard to the ECONOMIC AGREEMENT WITH CENTKAL POWEES. 149 riuuj non Innblnirtfdiaftdcljcii äliaidiiucn unb ©cväten 3^crüctfid)tifliing. S?citcr lüurbc für bcn ufrainii'd)cn 53ebnrf bie ^tcfcning foId}er '•äxiikl in ?{iK^ftdit öc[tc([t, n)c(d)e bic 9}tittclniäd)te unter 33eriUfftditigung bcr 3ntereffen ber eigenen 'iserforgnng nn bie Ufrainc abzugeben in ber Vage finb. iTcr geffcnite SBarcnüerfeljr 5Unfd)en ben 9)tittclniäditen unb ber lUraine mirb biiS juni 31. 3 Uli unter bcm ,8cid)cn einer UKntgef}enben ftaat(id)en 5)Jtono=^ polificrung [tef)en, Uie(d)c bie ufraini[d)e 9iegicrung gemnf^ ibren innerpolitifdien ©runbfä^en burd)5u[üln-en Oeftrebt ift. äßeiter iit — n>ie bereit? befannt= gegeben umrbe — [ür bie .Seit bi^ 15. 3uni 1918 für bie JlbUncfhing ber ftaatUd)en 3Sarenüertrnge ein fefter Üniredmungöfurö (1 .rirone = 50 SlO' pcfen) vereinbart. supplying of agricultural ma- chinery and implements were given due consideration. In the next place, supplies to meet the Ukrainian needs were tentatively promised for such articles as the. Central powers, due regard being had for their own interest, are in a position to deliver. The entire traffic in goods between the Cen- tral Powers and the Ukraine will, up to 31 July, be placed under a far-reaching national monopoly which the Ukrainian Government will endeavor to carry through in accordance with the principles of its domestic policy. As has already been made known, a fixed exchange ratio (I Krone = 50 Copecks) has been agreed to up to 15 June, 1918, for the settlement of the national treaties anent merchandise. 15. UKRAINE (GERMAN-UKRAINIAN COMMAND)— RUSSIA. ARMISTICE BETWEE]^ THE GEEMANO-UKRAINIANS AND THE RUSSIANS. SIGNED AT KORENEVO, 4 MAY, 1918. [Text as published in the {British) Daily Review of tlie Foreign Press, 9 Maij, 191S, pur- porting to be a translation from a wireless message sent by Lenine and Stalin, 6 May, 1918.] At Korenevo, on 4 May, 1918, the negotiations for the fixing of a boundary hne between the Germano-Ukrainian troops on the one side and the troops of the Russian Federal RepubUc on the other side, were concluded. There took part on the Germano-Ukrainian side: (1) Major von Rosenberg, Commander of the 482d Infantry Regi- ment, and of the region of Sudzha and Rylsk. (2) Reserve Lieutenant Köni^. from the 10th Uhlan Regiment. (3) Second Lieutenant Distel, Regimental Adjutant. And there took part on the Russian side: (1) M. Silbermann, Chief of the Staff of the troops of the Kursk region; (2) Peter Alexandro\4tch Zaitsev, Secretary of the Russian Peace Delegation; and (3) Nikolai Vishnevetsky, Military and Political Commissioner of the Kursk region. A neutral zone is established ten kilometers wdde, which neither side shall cross. "On the German side this zone is traced as follows: the line Sudzha-Liubimovka-Korenevo and the railway line Kore- nevo-Rylsk. On the Russian side the line is Mazepovka-Stepanovka- Nizhnaya Grunia, and from the intersection point of the railway lines Korenevo-Ligov and Alexandrovsk-Sipylevka-Kremianoie-Malaia- Loknia-Tcherskas-Kaia-Poretchnaia Kurotchka - Shipovka -Pukhnar- skoie-Russkaia and Konopelna. Tliis zone must not be crossed by any defending or scouting patrols of either side. The requisitioning of food in the neutral zone is prohibited to both sides and also to private persons. • Neither side is responsible foi* the crossing of the neutral zone by private persons. The neutral zone must not be crossed by airmen. With the signing of this treaty both sides guarantee that no hos- tile activities shall take place in this zone. In view of the difficulty of informing the Russian Military Detach- ments of the conclusion of, this treaty, it will not come into full operation until 4 P. M. on 5 May, 1918. Tlie question concerning the renewal of hostile activities will be solved at Konotop, where the negotiations will be continued. Of this agreement four copies will be .taken in the Russian and German languages, and each side will receive two copies in Russian 151 152 THE UKEAINE PEACE. and two in German. Moreover, the German representatives will receive the Russian original and the Russian representatives the Ger- man original. The purpose of this agreement is the conchision of an armistice to aid in conducting peace negotiations. This agreement has been read to the representatives of both sides in their own languages, and has been accepted and signed by them. In informing you of this, w^e direct you to undertake the necessary steps for the conclusion of a similar agreement with the Gerinano- Ukrainian Command on your front. We order you also to inform us of it immediately to the Council of the People's Commissioners at Moscow and the Russian Peace Delegation at Kursk. (Signed) Lenine, President of the Council of the People^ s Co'nmiiss loners. (Signed) Stalin, Preside7it (Tf the Peace Delegation, 16. UKRAINE— GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. FINANCIAL TREATY BETWEEN UKRAINE, ON THE ONE HAND, AND GERMANY AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, ON THE OTHER HAND. SIGNED AT KIEF, 15 MAY, 1918. [Summary of text as published in the Neue Freie Presse, 17 May, 1918, morning edition.] T'lmi) 53erträöc, bic focbcii sunfcf)en ''^>ertrctcrn bcr 9J?ittcInuid)tc iinb ber Ufrniiic in .^ieiü abgcfdiloncn tüiirben, ift bic 33e^ahlunci ber ini ivrieben^3t)er= trnflc öerehibartcu 3:^C5üoc mm ('»ictrcibc unb fonfligcii l'cbciu?nüttc(n ani bcr Ufrniitc i]cfict}crt. Ccftcrrcid) = Ungarn nnb Tcntfd)(anb tinbcn nanilidi bei bcr ufrainifd]cn ^}iegicrnng cine ^^a(nta= anieibc Don 400 9JJiIlionen ,(?arbotiianctj abgefdiloffcn. T^ie 9JcittcIinäd)te .^ablen ben ©egcnUicrt jnr ipiilfte in .ff'roncn, ,^nr anbercn ,*pnl[tc in iUcarf nad) einem ftrcn 5'^erbä(tniö, monad) ber ,fi'arbo^ tuanelj Qk'id) 2 .fronen ober 13^ ^Q'arf nefct^t ift. Cefterreid) -- Ungarn nnb Xeuifd)(ttnb empfangen alio Oon ber u!rainifd)cn i'lxcgiernng bie im Vanbc geltenben Stib(itngi>mitto( nnb Uicrbcn mit bicfcm C^clbe üon ben 53ancrn bic jn be5iel)cnbcn l'cbcni^nüttcl bc5ablcn. T'ie !'7iegierung ber Ufrainc übernimmt bic ibr iibcnuiefenen iöcträge Hon 5D(ar? unb .fronen nnb ücrlnenbct fie a(ö S)ccfung ber Oon ber neuen ufrainifd)en 9lotcnbanf au^^ugcbeiiben ^i^anfuoten. !Die .f arboUianelj babcn alfo feine me= taflifcbc $>ebecfung, fonbcrn cine T^ccfung burd) "^Jtarf nnb .fronen. (S^3 ift ba^ gleicbe iun-bältniö line cei in 53e(gien unb in ::)inniänien getoitbit unirbe, mo cine (Smiffion t»on 9ioten ber Don ben ä)HtteImäd)ten cingefe^ten 'iknf bnrd) ä^'arf nnb .fronen bcbccft Sorben ift. ?luf biefe Ä^eife merben bic ,8ab(nng§= mittel ber Ufrainc Hon bem ^lubef loögelöft unb erbalten eine felbftänbige ÖUitubfagc in ber 'SDccfung burcf) Wlaxt unb .fronen. (£o ift eö and) mögtief) [Translation.] By treaties which have lat- terly been concluded in Kief between representatives of the Central Powers and of the Ukraine, pa^Tiients for supplies of grains and other necessities of life from the Ukraine have been guaranteed, as agreed upon in the Peace Treaty. Austria- Hungary and Germany have arranged with the Ukrainian Government a loan of 400,000,- 000 Karbowanetz. The Central Powers agree to pay half of the amount in Kronen, the other half in Marks, on the basis of a fixed ratio by which 2 Kronen or IJ Marks equal 1 Karbo- wanetz. According to this ar- rangement, Austria-Hungary and Germany will receive from the Ukrainian Government the legal tender of the country, with which to pay the peasants for the neces- sities of life procured from them; and the Government of . the Ukraine, on its part, will receive Marks and Kronen to be used to cover the bank notes that will be issued by the new Ukrainian issuing bank. The Karbowanetz is thus not covered by bullion, but by Marks and Kronen. The ratio is the same as that chosen for Belgium and Roumania, where an issue of notes by the bank established by the Central Powers was covered in Marks and Kronen. In this way, the 153 154 THE UKRAINE PEACE. gelücfcn, cht fcfteö 9>erhältnt§ jiuifcdcn ben ufrainifrfKU 'ilJoten imb bcu 3a.f)= hnigj^inütteln bcr 9Jiittclmäditc f)cni!= [teilen, ^.m J-ricben^^nertrag mit bev Üfrainc i[t bic ®oIbrcIation bcriirt fcft^ tjeftcKt 5iiorben, bn[3 1000 bcut[ri)c 9^ctcf)^?niarf in (^^olb = 462 .^nrbo^ wand} (Molb = 462 Thibet Oblb, ober 1000 ö[terrcid)ifd]e iinb iinp,nri[cl]c Äroneii Q>Mi> = 393 f arboumnct^, 78 ©rofd) C-^olb bcr Ufrainc = 393 9?ubcl 78 Ahipcfen ®olb be? frü[)eren ruffifdien .fCaifcrrcidie? [inb. Uebcr ben Sertrng lieat bnei fotgenbe 2^elegrmnni bor: ticm, 15. g}?ai. Suiifdien ben ^scrtrctem Ocfter- rcidi^Uugarnö itnb T^eutfdilaTibi« eincr= feitci nnb bcr Ufrainc nnbcrfciti^ ftnb t)cutc in fj'tctr» ^i^crtrnoc untcr^cidmet inorbcn, geinnfj tiu'idien bie nfrainifdic 9iegicrnug ben ä)(ittc{niäd}tcn 400 9}?i(lioncn linrboluaiiel? jnr "^Bcrfügnng fteltt. Der (^Vgen.nicrt Unrb jiir S^'dlHe in .fronen ,;^uin ,^'nrfe Hon 2 .fronen unb Snr .Spältte in ^Utnrf gnm .f iirfe non 1 }4 9.)2arf [ilr ben .farboivanelj ge,^a{)(t. Tinrdi bicfe S?crträge, bie bic grö[;te 93aIntatrnn^?aftion reftcrreid) lliignrnö im ir^eltfrieg mit nentrnien Vniibcrn. bnrftcHt, mirb ben ä)(ittclmäd)tcn bie itfraini[d)C 3>aUita gcfidicrt, bcren fie filr ii)re S3c^üge am bcr Ufrainc be bürfcn'. 0'Hcid}seitig tnerben bcr Ufrainc bic erften Unterlagen für bie C^Hfnibung einer ^lotcnbanf geliefert, bercn Gt= riditnng crforbcriidi ift, nm bcr jnngen nfrainifd)cn 'ivinan^Unrtid)aft eine gc^ fnnbe Slslbrnng ,^n fdiaffcn nnb fie Hör ben heiteren ?;-o(gcn be? nnlicrmciblid) forifdircitcnbcn Bufniumenbrndie? bcr ^inbcdmUita ^u beliHi{)ren. legal tender of the Ukraine is freed from the standard of the Rouble and secures an independ- ent basis for its covery in Marks and Kronen. Hence it has been made possible to establish a fixed ratio between the Ukraine notes and the legal tender of the Central Powers. In the Peace Treaty with the Ukraine the gold ratio has been so determined that 1,000 German Imperial Gold Marks = 402 Gold Karbowanetz = 462 Gold Roubk^s, or 1,000 Austrian and Hungarian Gold Kronen = 393 Karbowanetz, 78 Gold Grosch of the Ukraine = 393 Gold Roubles and 78 Copecks, of the former Russian Empire. As regards the Treaty, we have the following telegraphic report: Kief, 15 May. Between the representatives of Austria-Hungary and Germany, on the one hand, and the Ukraine, on the other hand, treaties were signed this day in Kief, in ac- cordance with which the Ukrain- ian Government places at the disposal of the Central Powers the sum of 400,000,000 Karbo- wanetz. The counter value will be paid, one-half in Kronen at the rate of 2 Kronen, and one- half in Marks at the rate of 1^ Marks, for 1 Karbowanetz. Through these treaties, repre- senting the greatest financial transaction of Austria-Hungary with neutral countries in the world war, the Central Powers are assured of the fixity of the l^krain- ian monetary standard necessary for thoir importations from the Ukraine. At the same time, the Ukraine is afforded the first bases for the establishment of an issu- ing bank, whose creation is nec- essary to afford a sound currency to the young Ukrainian financial system and to protect it against further consequences of umivoida- ble and progressive dej^reciation of the value of th(* Rouble. 17. UKRAINE— RUSSIA. ARMISTICE, SIGNED AT KIEF, 12 JUNE, 1918. [English Summary from the State Department Weekly Reports, Russia, No. 14, July 19, 1918.] 1. Military activities along the entire front are to be stopped during the period of peace negotiations. 2. The nationals of the contracting parties shall be allowed to return to their respective State with their property, with the excep- tion of merchandise, interest-bearing papers, and valuables. The cash that may be taken is limited to ton thousand Roubles for each additional member up to a maximum of twenty thousand Roubles for the family. Eighty thousand Roubles additional may be trans- ferred if resulting from the sale of property. Both contracting par- ties have the right to limit and stop import and export of foreign currency. A commission of representatives of both States may be formed to transfer gradually from Russia to the Ulvraine the railway rolling stock taken from the Ukraine. Postal and telegraphic com- munication will be reestablished simultaneously with the fulfillment of the provisions of this paragraph. 3. Both states on a reciprocal basis will (establish their representa- tives, commissioners, and consuls. 4. The Russian and Ukraine Red Cross Society shall facilitate the repatriation of prisoners of war who are citizens of either state. 5. A committee shall be formed within one week to regulate requests for and exchange of merchandise. 6. Both states shall immediately consider terms of peace. 155 18. UKRAINE— GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. ECONOMIC AGREEMENT BETWEEN UKRAINE ON THE ONE HAND, AND GERMANY AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY ON THE OTHER HAND. SIGNED AT KIEF, 10 SEPTEMBER, 1918. [Summary of text as published in the (British) Daily Review of the Foreign Press, Economic Supplement, 29 October, 1918, p. 406, being a translation of the summary published in the Neue Freie Presse of 21 September, 1918]. The agi-eement comes into force at once and runs to June 30, 1919; negotiations as to the future will be initiated in May, 1919. The Central Powers have reached an understanding with Bulgaria and Turkey on the question, and will satisfy their requirements. The Economic Bm-eau established in Kief by Germany and Austria- Hungary retains its functions, and a Committee for foreign trade in connection with the Ukrainian Ministry for Commerce and Industry will be found composed of representatives of the Ukrainian Govern- ment, the Central Powers, Ukrainian Commerce Industry and Con- sumers, and the economic offices of the Central Powers in the Ukraine. Supplies of Cereals. — The expression covers all grains and legumes and their products. Of the available supplies 65 per cent are to be reserved to the Ukraine, 35 per cent for the Central Powers, 40 mill, puds are to be handed over by December 1, 1918, and a further 35 mill, by June 15, 1919, and shortage to be made up in sugar (1 pud for every 8 pud grain). The cost to the Central Powers will be KJr. 3 milliards, half of which will be payable by Austria-Hungary. Seed may be pm'chased and exported without restrictions. The maximum price for wheat will be R. 960 per ton up to December 1, R. 720 up to May 15, and R. 640 thereafter. Other foodstuffs. — The Uki-aine has to fm'nish 11 mill, puds of beef, 300,000 sheep, 1 mill, geese, and 1 mill, other poultry, lard, butter, and cheese up to 460,000 puds. Sausage and other pre- served meats up to 200,000 pud per month, 2,500 truck loads of eggs (each containing 100 boxes of 10 gi'oss), and 20 per cent of the alcohol production of the season. Potatoes, vegetables, fruits and their products, as well as honey, are left to free trade and export. Sugar in preserves will be reckoned as part of the quota to be furnished. No butter or cheese is to be exported in December, January, and February. 2^ mill, puds of granulated sugar are to be furnished by the end of the term; if the year's production exceeds 22 mill, puds, then in addition one-third of the sm'plus in the same form. Sugar may be substituted for grain only to the extent of 3 mill, puds; the quota must not cost more than R. 100 per pud; that substituted for grain not more than R. 110, and any sm'plus not more than R. 120. The Central Powers must consult the Ukraine 85700—18 11 157 158 THE UKRAINE ''PEACE." before exporting sugar to Russia. If the Ukraine is not able to satisfy the conditions as to grain and sugar the Central Powers may- demand up to one-fifth of the 40 per cent refined alcohol produced, or a ma!>:imum of 20 mill. 1., in the proportion of 70 1. to 10 puds grain. Raw materials. — The Central Powers may export 11,200 trucks of timber (birch, ash, oak), but no wood for fuel, building, put props, or sleepers. They are to receive 750,000 puds of hemp. Cotton in private possession may only be released after negotiation. Rags may be exported. Sorted rags only after Dec. 1 ; wool can only be exported on special negotiation, but hempen fabrics are free except sacks, for which an export license will be required. Ores. — The Uki'ainian Government allows the export of 37J mill, puds of iron ore and 3 mill, puds of manganese ore; 30 per cent of the metals purchased by the Central Powers may be exported, 30 per cent are retained for the scarce metals in the machines delivered and 40 per cent must be offered in sale to the Ukrainian Government. The export of scrap iron and rubber, of ferro-manganese and mercury is free. Hides. — Provisionally the Central Powers have the right to receive 300,000 large and 700,000 small hides. The amount may be in- creased after Dec. 1. Tobacco. — The Ulvramian Government guarantees 250,000 puds of last year's harvest; the proportion of this year's will be determined by Dec. 1, but is not to be less than 250,000 puds. Conditions Governing Supplies from Central Powers. — Goods from Germany and Austria-Hungary will be permitted unrestricted delivery to consumers and commercial firms. Coal and petroleum products are at present monopolies. Orders for agricultural ma- chmery are to be assembled at a Ukrainian Office, also those obtained directly by the export companies. All sales and arrival of paper must be notified to the Ukrainian Paper Import Office. Germany supplies the coal, and Austria-Hungary petroleum products — ^5,000 tons per month. Duties. — From June 1, 1918, the Central Powers have to pay the duties arranged by treaty: In the case of Austria-Hungary, those agreed upon in the Russian Treaty of 1906 and the Brest-Litovsk ao:reement. 19. MEMORANDUM. TERRITORY OF THE UKRAINE REPUBLIC. ."By Ellen C. Semple, under tlie direction of Mark Jefferson. T.. Area and population. — The Governments or Provinces specific- :ally included in the RepubHc by the Universal of the National Council of November 20, 1917 (Ukraine Peace, p. 5), and Article II of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty of February 9, 1918 {ibid, y^. 10-11), comprise an area of approximately 178,750 square miles, with a population of 28,300,000. If the whole linguistic or ethnic area of