-'. xi-xiii; J. W. Burgess, Am. Commonwealth {Pol. Sci. Quarterly, I, 9-35). Additional Readings. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, chs. X, xi; L. B. Evans (editor). Handbooks of Amer- ican Government (monographs on the government of the individual States); F. J. Goodnow, Comparative Adminis- trative Law, I, books ii, iii; S. E. Baldwin, Modern Political Institutions, chs. iii-ix, xi; W. O. Bateman, Political and Constitutional Law, §§ 186-193, 253-265, 283-285; A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. xix; J. Schouler, Constitutional Studies, 203-308. 182 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 105 Sources. — Statute books, executive reports and judi- cial decrees of the states. The legislation is annually analyzed in New York State Library, Bulletins, Comparative Legislation. § 106. Lectures on the Government of the Commonwealths. (Lects. 25-30.) Lect. 25. Colonial Government AS A Precedent: origin; types; organization; relations to mother country; vestiges. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 17; Guide, §§ 146, 147. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 22, 23; C. M. Andrews, Colonial Self Government (Am. Nation, V); E. B. Greene, Provincial America (Am. Nation, VI); B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. i-v. — Additional Read- ings: H. L. Osgood, Am. Colonies, II; J. Schouler, Constitu- tional Studies, part i; J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., chs. i-iv. — Sources: Contemporaries, II, §§45-74; Source- Book, §§48-51. Lect. 26. States in the Union: admission; limitations; privileges; duties; inter-state obligations. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 141, 149, 160; Actual Govern- ment, § 52; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 177. — Sec- ondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 53-58; F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xix; W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), ch. xv; W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction (Am. Nation, XXII), chs. iii, iv; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xxxi; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. xviii, xix; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. ii, xxviii, xxxvi, xliv-xlvi; J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. vii; C. E. Merriam, Theory of Sovereignty, chs. vi, vii. — Additional Readings: G. S. Boutwell, Constitution, chs. xxix-xxxi, xliii, xlv, xlvi, xlix, Ix; J. Ordronaux, Constitutional Legislation, ch. iii; W. W. § 106] GOVERNMENT 183 Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, part ii, ch. x; L. J. Jennings, Eighty Years of Republican Government, ch. ii; G. H. Alden, Forming and Admitting New States (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XVIII, 469-479); B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. xl-xlii, xlix. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 145-157. Lect. 27. State Legislatures: legislation; choice; organi- zation; procedure; influences; output of legislation. Bibliography: Manual, § 207; Actual Government, § 59; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 44. — Secondary Read- ings: Actual Government, §§ 60-65; P. S. Reinsch, Legis- latures, chs. iv-x; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. viii; T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, No. 5; J. Bryce, Am. Common- wealth, I, chs. xl, xliv. — Additional Readings: F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, chs. xiii, xiv; J. Ordronaux, Constitutional Legislation, ch. x; S. N. Patten, Decay of State and Local Governments (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., I, 26-42); R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§417-429.— Sources: Contemporaries, IV, § 198; New York State Library, Bulletins. [Class-room Paper No. 9. ^ How to Secure Good State and Local Legislation. — Manual, § 207.] Lect. 28. The State Governor: choice; prerogatives; powers; control; appointments. Bibliography: Actual Government, §66. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 64, 67; E, McClain, Con- stiutional Law, § 39; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 430-433; E. B. Greene, Provincial Governor; F. J. Good- now. Comparative Administrative Law, I, 74-82; J. H. Finley, The Am. Executive; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. xli. } Lect. 29. State Executive Departments: election or appointment; heads; boards; officials; minor officials; discipline; control; defects. 184 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 106 Bibliography: Manual, § 208; Actual Government, § 66. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§68-71; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, ch. viii; J. Bryce, Am. Common- wealth, 1, ch. xli; F. J. Goodnow, Comparative Administra- tive Law, I, 102-106, 134-137, 146-161; II, 1-100.— Additional Readings: J. A. Fairlie, Centralization of Administration in New York State; R. H. Whitten, Public Administration in Massachusetts; J. H. Finley, The Am. Executive. [Class-room Paper No. 10. — Efficiency of Execu- tive Boards. — Manual, § 208.] Lect. 30. State Judiciary: bar and bench; courts; cases; non-judicial duties; decisions; relation to statutes; relation to appeals; lynch law. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 72. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 73-78; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Judiciary, chs. viii, xi; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§434-437; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. xlii; II, chs. ci, cii; J. A. Smith, Spirit of Aw. Government, ch. ix. — Additional Readings: A. L. Lowell, Essays on Government, No. 3; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Hist., ch. v; A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, I, chs. vi, vii. § 107. Readings on Local and Municipal Government. Bibliography: Actual Government, §§ 79, 86, 95. Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. x-xii; F. J. Goodnow, City Government; J. A. Fairlie, Local Govern- ment; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xlviii-lii; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, ch. Iv; T. M. Cooley, Constitu- tional Limitations, ch. viii; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Admin- istration; F. J. Goodnow, Comparative Administrative Law, I, 162-233; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. vii. Additional Readings. — F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Home Rule: F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems; H. Von § lOS] GOVERNMENT 185 Hoist, Constitutional Law, §§ 98-102; J. K. Hosmer, Anglo- Saxon Freedom, ch. xvii; G. E. Howard, An Introduction to the Local Constitutional Hist, of the U. S., I, 62-99, 135- 238, 408-470; J. F. Dillon, Commentaries on the Law of Municipal Corporations ; D. B. Eaton, Government of Municipalities; A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, I, ch. v; D. F. Wilcox, Study of City Government; W. Wilson, The State, §§ 1209-1259; A. R. Conkling, City Government in the U. S.; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. xvii. Sources. — Municipal Affairs; National Municipal League, Proceedings. § 108. Lectures on Local and Municipal Government. (Lects. 31-40.) Lect. 31. (1607-1789) Precedents of Local Govern- ment: English; colonial types; Eighteenth Century; Revolutionary; subordination of governments. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 79; Guide, § 147. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 80, 87; F. J. Goodnow, City Government, ch. iii; J. A. Fairlie, Local Government, chs. i-iii; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, Nos. 6, 7; E. Channing, Town and County Government. — Addi- tional Readings: J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administra- tion, ch. v; F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, ch. iii; W. Wilson, The State, §§ 1033-1040; G. E. Howard, Local Constitutional Hist., 1. — ^ Sources: Contemporaries, II, §§ 75-79; Source-Book, § 52. Lect. 32. Town Government: New England town; town- ship; Western township; town meeting; functions; control. Bibliography: Actual Government, §79. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 82: J. A. Fairlie, Local Government, chs. viii, ix; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. xlviii; W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, part ii, ch. 186 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 108 x; A. B. Hart, in The Nation, May 11, 1893; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 471-475. Lect. 33. Counties: New England; Southern; Middle States; Western; county boards; control. Bibliography: Manual, § 209; Actual Government, § 79. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §83; J. A. Fairlie, Local Government, chs. iv-vii; J. Bryce, Am. Com- monwealth, 1, ch. xlix; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 476-480. — Additional Readings: G. E. Howard, Local Constitutional Hist. [Class-room Paper No. 11. — Improvement of County Government. — Manual, § 209.] Lect. 34. Mixed Local Systems: township-county; county- precinct; villages; boroughs; school districts; control. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 79. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 84; J. A. Fairlie, Local Government, ch. x; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, ch. Iv. — Additional Readings: G. E. Howard, Local Constitu- tional Hist. Lect. 35. American Cities: sites; population; growth; race problems; mass problems; criminal problems. Bibliography: Actual Government, §95. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§96-101; F. J. Goodnow, City Government, chs. i-iv; CD. Wright, Practical Sociology,. chs. viii, ix; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 8; — Addi- tional Readings: J. A. Smith, Spir-it of Am. Government, ch. x; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§488-492; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, chs. ii, iii; S. E. Baldwin, Political Institutions, ch. vi; B. S. Coler, Municipal Govern- ment, ch. i; F. C. Howe, City the Hope of Democracy, chs. i-v; D. F. Wilcox, A7n. City; G. E. Waring in N. S. Shaler, United States, II, ch. v. § 108] GOVERNMENT 187 Lect. 36. Municipal Legislative Power: charters; councils; boards; state legislatures; output of legisla- tion. Bibliography: Actual Government, §86. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 88-90; F. J. Goodnow, City Government, chs. v, vii; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Admin- istration, ch. xvii; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 493, 494. — Additional Readings: D. F. Wilcox, City Govern- ment, 143-179; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, chs. i, ix; F. C. Howe, City the Hope of Democracy, ch. xi; H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, ch. xvii; J. Bryce, Am. Common- wealth, I, chs. 1-lii. — Sources: National Municipal League, Municipal Program; Chicago Charter Convention, Digest of City Charters. [Class-room Paper No. 12. — Improvement of City Charters. — Manual, § 210. Lect. 37. Municipal Executive Power: mayors; heads of departments; city boards; state boards; state super- vision; the police. Bibliography: Manual, §211; Actual Government, §86; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 19. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 91-93; F. J. Goodnow, City Government, chs. viii-xiii; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration, chs. xviii, xix; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 495-499; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, ch. x. Lect. 38. Defects of City Government: conditions; confusion; change; ineptitude; corruption; relation to national politics. Bibliography: Actual Government, §95. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 100, 101; F. J. Goodnow, City Government, ch. xiv; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. 1-lii; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, ch. viii; 188 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 108 B. S. Coler, Municipal Government, ch. ix. — Additional Readings: F. C. Howe, City the Hope of Democracy, chs. vi, vii; N. Matthews, City Government of Boston; D. B. Eaton, Government of Municipalities; L. Steffens, Shame of the Cities. Lect. 39. Municipal Franchises: docks; pipes; conduits; traction; railroads; question of municipal ownership. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 95; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 21. — Secondary Read- ings: Actual Government, § 98; F. J. Goodnow, City Govern- ment, ch. ii; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, § 508; J. F. Dillon, Municipal Corporations, II, chs. xv-xviii; E. W. Bemis, Municipal Monopolies; C. Zueblin, Am. Municipal Progress. Lect. 40. Remedies for Misgovernment in American Cities: charters; state supervision; separation from state and national politics; reform organizations; public spirit. Bibliography: Actual Government, §§86, 95. — Sec- ondary Readings: Actual Government, § 93; C. W. Eliot, Am. Contributions, ch. vii; F. J. Goodnow, City Govern- ment, ch. xiv; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration, ch. XX ; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, ch. xi; S. Low, Problem of Municipal Government. — Additional Readings: F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Home Rule; F. C. Howe, City the Hope of Democracy, ch. viii; F. Parsons, City for the People; N. Matthews, City Government of Boston, 174-185; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§495-499.— Sources: Report of Tilden Commission, in Municipal Affairs, III, 434-454; National Municipal League, Muni- cipal Program. [Class-room Paper No. 13. — Responsible Mayoralty. — Manual, § 211.] §110] GOVERNMENT 189 § 109. Readings on the National Executive. Bibliography. — Actual Government, § 120; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 37, 119, 121, 125, 129, 132. Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, ch. xv; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, chs. i, ii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. vi, xix-xxiii; E. Stanwood, Hist, of the Presidency; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. xxviii-xxxiii; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. v-ix; H. J. Ford, Am. Politics, ch. xxii; A. Conkling, Powers of Executive Department; G. S. Boiitwell, Constitution, chs. xxxii-xxxv, Ixi; J. H. Finley, The Am. Executive. Additional Readings. — J. W. Burgess, Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law, II, 216-263, 307-319; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. v; F. J. Goodnow, Comparative Administrative Law, I, 53-82, 102-105, 127- 138, 146-161; II, 29-46; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, §§ 25, 26, 55, 59, 60; L. J. Jennings, Eighty Years of Repub- lican Government, chs. iii, iv; E. C. Mason, Veto Power; J. R. Tucker, Constitution of the U. S., II, ch. xii; W. Wilson, The State, §§ 1323-1351. Sources. — B. Harrison, This Country of Ours, chs. iv- xix; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers; Grover Cleve- land, Presidential Problems. § 110. Lectures on the National Executive. (Lects. 41-45.) Lect. 41. (1789-1907) Historical Status of the Presi- dency: precedents; Virginian dynasty; J. Q. Adams; Jackson; Whig-Democratic; Lincoln; Grant; Repub- lican-Democrat; Cleveland; McKinley; Roosevelt. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 120; Guide, § 157; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 119. — Secondary Read- ings: Actual Government, § 121; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xiv; J. A. Fairlie, National Ad- ministration, chs. i, ii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §120. — Additional Readings: J. A. Woodburn, Am. 190 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 110 Republic, ch. iii; C. E. Stevens, Sources of the Constitution, ch. vi; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 1, chs. v-vii; H. J. Ford, Am. Politics, ch. xxii; A. L. Lowell, Essays on Govern- ment, No. 2; E. Stanwood, Hist, of Presidency. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 79, 106, 162. Lect. 42. Choice of the President: nomination; choice of electors; by electors; by Congress; count; succession. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 120; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 12. — Secondary Read- ings: Actual Government, § 122; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 40; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. viii; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 3; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§326-340; J. H. Finley, The Am. Executive.— Additional Readings: W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizen- ship, part ii, ch. vii; J. H. Dougherty, Electoral System; E. Stanwood, Hist, of the Presidency. Lect. 43. The Cabinet: precedents; departments; meet- ings; kitchen cabinets; relations to President; relations to Congress. Bibliography: Manual, § 212; Actual Government, § 128; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 15, 16. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 129, 130; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, chs. iv-xvi; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. ix; J. F. Jameson, Essays in ■Constitutional Hist., No. 3; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §38; J. H. Finley, The Am. Executive. — Additional Readings: A. L. Lowell, Essays on Government, No. 1; W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, part ii, ch. viii; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. xv. [Class-room Paper No. 14. — Development of the Cabinet. — Manual, § 212.] Lect. 44. Executive Organization: civil service; appointments; removals; responsibility; employees; administrative tribunals. § 111] GOVERNMENT 191 Bibliography: Manual, § 213; Actual Govermnenf, § 128; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 121. — Secondary Read- ings: Actual Government, § 134; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, ch. xvii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xx; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 341-345; J. H. Finley, The Am. Executive. — Additional Readings: C. R. Fish, Civil Service and Patronage; L. M. Salmon, Appoint- ing Power; H. C. Lodge, Hist and Pol. Essays, 114-137. — Sources: U. S. Civil Service Commission, Reports. Lect. 45. Civil Service Reform: history; statutes; states; cities; commissions; rules; present status. Bibliography: Manual, § 213; Actual Government, § 128; Guide, § 181; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 17. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 133; E. E. Sparks, National Development {Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. xii; D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. ii; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, ch. xvii. — Additional Readings: T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, No. 7; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 4; C. R. Fish, Civil Service and Patronage, chs. x, xi. — ■ Sources: Con- temporaries, III, §§ 81, 158; IV, § 199; Act of 1883, Statutes at Large, XXII, 403. [Class-room Paper No. 15. — Needs of Civil Service Reform. — Manual, § 213.] § 111. Readings on Congress. Bibliography. — Actual Government, §§102, 110; E. McClain Constitutional Law, §§ 99, 116. Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. xiii, xiv; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, chs. i-iii; M. P. Follett, Speaker of the House of Representatives; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. viii-xviii; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. x-xxi; J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, chs. iv, v; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. xvi-xxv; G. S. Boutwell, 192 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 111 Constitution, ch. vi; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, chs. iii, iv, §§ 15, 16. Additional Readings: H. J. Ford, Am. Politics, chs. xviii-xxi; J. R. Tucker, Constitution of the U. S., I, 381-445; W. Wilson, Congressional Government; H. Von Hoist, Con- stitutional Law, §§ 20-24, 28-34; C. H. Kerr, U. S. Senate; A. Johnston, Political History (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. vii; W. E. H. Lecky, Democracy and Liberty, I, 137-167. Sources. — B. Harrison, This Country of Ours, chs. ii^ iii; T. H. McKee, Manual of Congressional Practice; Con- gressional Record; Senate Documents and House Documents. § 112. Lectures on Congress. (Lects. 46-53.) Lect. 46. Members of Congress: qualifications; choice; term; character; discipline; emoluments; dignity. Bibliography: Actual Government, §102. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 103, 106; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, ch. i; E. McCUain, Constitutional Law, § 33; J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, chs. iv, v; W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, part ii, ch. iv; G. S. Boutwell, Constitu- tion, ch. vi; G. H. Haynes, Election of Senators. Lect. 47. Houses of Congress: Senate; treaties; con- firmations; procedure; House of Representatives; qual- ity; continuity; life in Congress; joint relations. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 102; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 31; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 9. — Secondary Readings: Actual Govern- ment, §§ 104, 105; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, chs. ii, iii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 32; J. Bryce, Am. Com- monwealth, I, chs. x-xiv; C. H. Kerr, U. S. Senate; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, ch. iii. — Additional Readings: R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, chs. xi, xii; H. J. Ford, Am. Politics, chs. xix-xxi. § 112] GOVERNMENT 193 Lect. 48. Officers of Congress: Speaker; Vice-Presi- dent; other officers. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 102; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §31. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 108; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, ch. ii; E. McClain, Constitutional Laiv, § 34; M. P. FoUett, The Speaker, chs. ii, iii, x, xi; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 1; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 269, 285, 286. Lect. 49. Committee System: genesis; organization; labors; reports; conference; rules; steering. Bibliography Manual, §214; Actunl Government, § 102. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 109; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, 45-48; M. P. Follett, The Speaker, ch. viii; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, chs. xiv, xv, — Addi- tional Readings: R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 270, 284, 287, 288; J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am.. Government, ch. vii; W. Wilson, Congressional Government, chs. ii, iii; L. G. McConachie, Congressional Committees; F. Snow, Defence of Congressional Government (Am. Hist. Assoc, Papers, IV, 309-328). [Class-room Paper No. 16. — Defects of the Com- mittee System. — Manual, § 214.] Lect. 50. Influences on Congress: constituents; the executive; the press; private interest; public opinion; steering committee. Bibliography: Manual, §215; Actual Government, § 110. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 115; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 20, 24, 29, 30, 36, 128; E. C. Mason, Congressional Demands for Information (Am. Hist. Assoc, Papers, V, 367). [Class-room Paper No. 17. — Influences on the Legislation of Congress. — Manual, § 215,] 194 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 112 Lect. 51. Congress at Work: sessions; rules; sittings; secrecy; order; parliamentary practice; obstructions. Bibliography: Manual, § 215; Actual Government, § 110; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 44; Brookings and Ring- wait, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 32, 33. — Secondary Read- ings: Actual Government, §§ 111-113; P. S. Reinsch, Legis- latures, 19, 48-59, 71-78; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 45, 46; J. Bryce, Am. Com7nonwealth, I, chs. xvi-xix, App., 673-681; T. B. Reed, How the House does Business (North Am. Review, Vol. 164, pp. 641-650, June, 1897).— Additional Readings: H. C. Lodge, Hist, and Pol. Essays, 169-197; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 9; M. P. Follett, The Speaker, chs. iv-vi; F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democ- racy, ch. xiii. Lect. 52. Procedure of Congress: bills; committee re- ports; debates; votes; filibustering. Bibliography: Manual, § 215; Actual Government, § 110. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§114, 116, 117; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, U 34, 35; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 9; M. P. Follett, The Speaker, chs. vii-ix; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, 19, 71-78. — Sources: B. P. Poore, Perley's Reminiscences; J. H. McKee, Red Book; Senate Rules; House Rules. Lect. 53. Legislative Output of Congress: selection; amount; relation to executive; the veto. Bibliography: Manual, § 215; Actual Government, § 110. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§118, 119; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 126, 127; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xv, xx, xxi; E. C. Mason, Veto Power. § 113. Readings on the National Judiciary. Bibliography. — ManwaZ, §§144, 161, 216, 217, Actual Government, § 135; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 42; Guide, §§ 157, 175, 202. § 114] GOVERNMENT 195 Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, ch. xvii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. vii, xxiv-xxix; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xxii-xxiv; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Judiciary; G. S. Boutwell, Constitution, chs. xv, xxxvi-xlii; J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. xxvi; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. xxxiv-xxxix. Additional Readings. — J. W. Burgess, Political Science, II, 320-337; W. W. Willoughby, The Supreme Court; H. L. Carson, The Supreme Court; H. Flanders, Lives of the Chief Justices; G. Van Stanvoord, Life and Times of the Chief Justices; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, §§ 17-19, 43-46, 61-71; J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., chs. xiii-xvi; J. B. Thayer, John Marshall; J. R. Tucker, Constitution of the U. S., I, chs. xiii; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. vi. Sources. — B. Harrison, This Country of Ours, chs. xx, xxi; Reports of judicial decisions; (see Manual, § 18). § 114. Lectures on the National Judiciary. (Lects. 54-57.) Lect. 54. Federal Judicial Organization: choice of judges; emoluments; courts; court officers; prosecuting attorney; sessions. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 135; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 42. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 136; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Judiciary, chs. i, ii, ix; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§43, 138, 142, 143; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. xxii. — Additional Readings: J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. vi; J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Government, ch. v; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. xvi; W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, part ii, ch. ix; J. F. Jameson, Essays in Constitutional Hist., No. 1. — Sources: Attorneys General, Reports. Lect. 55. Federal Judicial Functions: special duties; cases; writs; special jurisdictions; amount of business. Bibliography: Manual, § 216; Actual Government, § 135; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 144. — Secondary Read- 196 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 114 iNGs: Actual Government, §§ 137, 138, 140-142; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. xxvi-xxviii; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Judiciary, chs. xviii-xxi. — Additional Readings: W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, ch. v; J. Biyce, Am. Commonwealth, 1, ch. xxiv; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. vi. Lect. 56. Political Functions of the Federal Courts: personal influences; impeachments; relation to the states; constitutional law; administrative jurisdiction. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 143, 144, 161, 216; Actual Government, §135; Guide, §175. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 139, 143, 144; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Judiciary, chs. iii, vi, x; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 168-171; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xxiii, xxiv; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. vi- viii; R. Foster, Constitutional Law. [Class-room Paper No. 18. — Administrative Deci- sions. — Manual, § 216.] Lect. 57. Declaring Statutes Void: genesis; principles; instances; national courts on state laws; state courts on national laws; national courts on national laws. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 143, 144, 161, 217; Actual Government, § 135. — Secondary Readings: Actual Govern- ment, § 145; K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality {Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xvin; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Judiciary, ch. vii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 170, 171; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. xxxiii. — Additional Readings: T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limtiations, ch. vii; B. Coxe Judicial Power and Unconstitutional Legislation. [Class-room Paper No. 19. — Principles of Declar- ing Acts Void. — Manual, § 217.] § 115. Readings on Territorial Functions in the United States. Bibliography: Actual Government, §§146, 155, 160. — § 116] GOVERNMENT 197 Secondary Readings: Actual Government, chs. xviii-xx; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (A/n. Nation, XXVI), ch. ii; J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. vi; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. xi-xiv; W. F. Willoughby, Terri- tories and Dependencies; A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§ 42-67; B. A. Hmsclale, Am. Government, chs. xxv, xli; G. S. Bout- well, Constitution, chs. xix, xlvii, xlviii. Additional Readings. — F. H. Giddings, Democracy and Empire, chs. i, xvii, xviii; E. C. Mason, Veto Power, §§45-51; J. Strong, Expansion under New Woiid Condi- tions; J. J. Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Articles on Annexation, Capital (National), Ordinance of 1787, Popu- lar Sovereignty, Territorial Waters, Territories. Maps. — A. B. Hart, Epoch Maps; T. MacCoun, Histori- cal Atlas; Maps in Am. Nation, A History, passim. § 116. Lectures on Territorial Functions in the United States. (Lects. 58-62.) Lect. 58. Acquirement of Territory: private land; colonial lands; state cessions; annexations; status of occupied territory; previous land grants. Bibliography: Manual, § 194; Actual Government, § 146; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 148; Guide §§ 150, 168, 193, 194. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, ch. xviii; A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. vi; W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), ch. i; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xxxii; W. W. Willoughby, Constitu- tional System, ch. xi. — Additional Readings: W. F. Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, ch. i; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. ii; J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. vi; T. Roosevelt, Winning of the West, VI, chs. iv, v. — Sources: Treaties in U. S. Treaties and Conventions, see Manual, §§ 43, 44, 52-54. [Class-room Paper No. 20a. — Status of Territory Conquered but not Ceded. — Manual, § 218.1 198 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 116 Lect. 59. Boundaries: external; controversies; adjust- ments; water boundaries; internal divisions; settlement of controversies. Bibliography: Manual, § 218; Actual Govei-nment, § 155. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, ch. xix; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 180; H. Gannett, Boundaries of the U. S. and of the Several States; B. A. Hinsdale, Bound- ing the Original U. S.; F. J. Turner, Western State Making (Am. Hist. Review, I, 70, 251); G. H. Alden, Neiv Govern- ments West of the Alleghenies. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 111, 112, 115; Maps in A. B. Hart, Epoch Maps and Am. Nation. Lect. 60. Status of Territories: conquests; unorgan- ized; temporarily organized; fully organized; unusual forms; dependencies; protectorates. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 173, 178, 185, 194, 218, 219; Actual Government, § 160; Guide, §§ 150, 168, 194; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 10. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 161, 166-170; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 186; W. F: Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, chs. ii-ix; J. Bryce, Am. Covimonwealth, I, ch. xlvii. — Additional Readings: A. B. Hart, Founda- tions, ch. v; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. xiii, xiv; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Judiciary, ch. xxi; M. Farrand, Legislation for the Government of Territories; G. C. Lewis, Government of Dependencies (Lucas' ed.). Introduction. — Sources: Am. Hist Leaflets, Nos. 22, 32. [Class-room Paper No. 20b. — Status of Territory Ceded but not Organized. — Manual, § 219.] Lect. 61. National Public Domain: seat of govern- ment; public lands; parks; forests; military reserva- tions; sites; public works; public buildings; irrigation. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 160; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 55. — Secondary Read- § 117] GOVERNMENT 199 iNGs: Actual Government, §§ 152, 153, 162-164; W. F. Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, ch. x; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 106; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 10. — Additional Readings: S. Sato, History of the Land Question; J. B. Varnum, Seat of Government; G. W. Knight, Land Grants for Education (Am. Hist. Assoc, Papers, I, 79-294); J. C. Welling, States' -Rights Conflict (Ibid, III, 411-432). — Sources: Commissioner of Public Lands, Reports; J. Donaldson, Public Domain. Lect. 62. State and Local Public Domain: eminent domain; roads and streets; forests; public buildings; school lands; parks; sites. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 146; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §60. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 150, 151; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xi; J. Lewis, Treatise on the Law of Eminent Domain; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, ch. xv. — Sources: Current Reports of local park commissioners. § 117. Readings on Financial Functions in the United States. Bibliography. — M(m(/a/, §§ 138, 148, 220, 221; Actual Government, §§171, 180; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 68, 80; Guide, §§151, 158, 174, 182-185, 195, 211. Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. xxi, xxii; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. XV ; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist, of the U. S.; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. xii, xiii; H. White, Money and Banking; J. Bryce, Am,. Commonwealth, I, chs. xvii, xliii; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. iv, § 1; W. M. Daniels, Public Finance; C. J. Bullock, Monetary Hist, of U. S.; H. C. Adams, Science of Finance; G. S. Boutwell, Constitu- tion, chs. vii, viii, xxiv, xxv, xxix, xxxi. Additional Readings. — R. T. Ely, Taxation in Am. States and Cities; J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, lects. 15-17; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, §§35-37, 96; 200 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 117 E. C. Mason, Veto Power, §§ 18-20, 35, 52-81; J. W. Kear- ney, Am. Finances; A. D. Noyes, Thirty Years of Am. Finance; J. R. Tucker, Constitution, I, 455-518. Sources. — Current Reports of the Secretary of Treasury, state treasurers, etc. § 118. Lectures on Financial Functions in the United States. (Lects. 63-68.) Lect. 63. Sources of State and Local Revenue: land; poll; personal; income; succession; license; corporation; excise; fees. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 171; R. C. Ring- wait, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 23; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 45, 46. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 172-174; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., §§ 45-47; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 69-75; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, § 587; E. R. A. Seligman, Essays in Taxation. — Additional Readings: W. H. Jones, Federal Taxes and State Expenses; T. K. Urdahl, Fee System in the U. S.; M. West, Inheritance Tax; R. T. Ely, Taxation in Am. States 'and Cities; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, ch. xiv. — Sources: Current Reports of Financial affairs of States and cities; U. S., twelfth census; U. S. Statistical Abstract. Lect. 64. Apportionment of Taxes: administration; assessment; levy; collection; delinquencies; overlay. Bibliography: Manual, § 220; Actual Government, § 171. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §175; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 76; E. R. A. Seligman, Eco- nomics, § 115; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 588-592; T. M. Cooley, Law of Taxation. — Additional Readings: E. R. A. Seligman, Essays in Taxation; V. Rosewater, Special Assessments; F. Walker, Double Taxation; J. F. Dillon, Municipal Corporations, II, ch. xix; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, ch. xiv. § 118] GOVERNMENT 201 [Class-koom Paper No. 21. — Difficulties in Asses- sing Personal Taxes. — Manual, § 220.] Lect. 65. Federal Tariff: framing; rates; values; penal- ties; officers; administration; defects. Bibliography: Manual, § 221; Actual Government, § 171; Guide, §§ 158, 174, 183; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, § 199; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, Nos. 12- 14; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 37-44. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 176, 177; E. E. Sparks, National Development (Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. xvii; D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), chs. iv, xi; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. xxx; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 77; F. W. Taussig; Tariff Hist.; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., chs. viii, xix-xxi. — Additional Readings: 0. L. Elliott, Tariff Controversy; J. D. Goss, Tariff Administration; W. Hill, First Stages of the Tariff Policy; M. E. Kelley, Tariff Acts under the Con- federation {Quarterly Journal of Economics, II, 473-481). — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 49, 50, 78, 130; IV, §§ 164, 166; U. S. Statutes at Large; Reports of Secretary" of the Treasury. [Class-room Paper No. 22. — Difficulties of Tariff Administration. — Manual, § 221.] Lect. 66. Other Federal Taxes: direct; excise; other internal revenue; banks; income; succession; adminis- tration. Bibliography: Actual Government, §171. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 178; E. R. A. Seligman, Essays in Taxation; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 78, 79; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§581-585; F. C. Howe, Taxation in the U. S. under the Internal Revenue System. — Additional Readings: C. F. Dunbar, Direct Tax, Income Tax (Quarterly Journal of Economics, III, 436- 461; IX, 26-46); J. A. Hill, Civil War Income Tax (Ibid., 202 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ US VIII, 416-452, 491-498); F. L. Olmsted, Tobacco Tax, {Ibid., V, 193-219, 262); C. J. Bullock, Direct Taxes under the Constitution {Pol. Sci. Quarterly, XV, 217-239, 452-481); H. C. Barnard, Oleomargarine Law {Ibid, II, 545). Lect. 67. Budgets: estimates; appropriations; expendi- tures; checks; deficits; public accounts; custody of balances. Bibliography: Actual Government, §180. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 181-183; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§81, 82; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, § 577; C. J. Bullock, Finances of the U. S., part ii, chs. ii, iii; F. J. Goodnow, Comparative Administrative Law, II, 275-295; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration, chs. xiii, XV, xvi. — Additional Readings: D. Kinley, Inde- pendent Treasury; H. C. Adams, Science of Finance, part i, book ii; H. Hollander, Studies in State Taxation {Johns Hopkins University Studies, XVIII, Nos. 1-4); R. Ogden, Rationale of Congressional Extravagance {Yale Review, VI, 37-49); E. I. Renick and N. H. Thompson, National Ex- penditures {Pol, Sci. Quarterly, VI, 248; VII, 468). Lect. 68. Public debts: state; local; national; bonds; floating debt; sinking funds; debt limits. Bibliography: Actual Government, §180. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 184-186; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., ch. xiv; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Adminis- tration, ch. xiv; H. C. Adams, Public Debts; W. A. Scott, Repudiation of State Debts. § 119. Readings on Commercial Fmictions in the United States. Bibliography. — i/awwai, §§138, 143, 161, 169, 172, 179, 180, 181, 185, 224, 225; Actuul Government, §§207, 218; Guide, §§133, 153, 158, 170, 171, 195; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 83, 94. § 120] GOVERNMENT 203 Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. xxvi, xxvii; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. xiii, xvi; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. xiv, xv; G. S. Boutwell, Constitution, chs. ix, xi-xiv, xxi, xxvi, xxviii; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. iv, §§2, 4-10; J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, lects. 21-23. Additional Readings. — C. A. Conant, U. S. in the Orient; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, §§ 38-42, 79; A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.), ch. xvii; W. D. Lewis, Federal Power over Commerce; J. J. Lalor, Cyclo- po'dia of Pol. Science, articles on Corporations (Law of), Embargo (U. S.), Emigration and Immigration, Internal Improvements. Sources. — U. S. Census, decennial publications and Bulletins; Industrial Commission on Transportation, Report. § 120. Lectures on Commercial Fmictions. (Lects. 69-78.) Lect. 69. Commercial Organization: individuals; co- operation; firms; corporations; trusts; syndicates; inter- national agencies; Wall street; doctrine of contracts; bankruptcy; commercial honor. Bibliography: Manunl, § 222; Actual Government, § 207; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §94; C. D.Wright, Prac- tical Sociology, § 213; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 16; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, passim. — Secondary Readings: Actual Govern- ment, §§208, 209, 212; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xiii; D. R. Dewey, National Problems {Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. xii; J. Bryce, Am. Common- wealth, II, ch. civ; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. vii. — Additional Readings: E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xv; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. xxiv; W. J. Ashley, Economic Surveys, 378-393; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§615-618; F. H. Giddings, Democracy and Empire, ch. vii; H. C. Emery, Speculation on the Stock 204 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 120 and Produce Exchanges; J. B. Clark, Control of Trusts; C. F. Adams in N. S. Shaler, United States, II, ch. iv; J. W. Jenks, Trust Problem; H. D. Lloyd, Wealth against Common- wealth; W. M. Collier, The Trusts; G. K. Holmes, State Control of Corporations (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, V, 411). — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 162-167. [Class-room Paper No. 23. — Federal Control of Corporations. — Manual, § 222.] Lect. 70. Circulating Media: coinage; small change; paper currency; legal tenders; commercial paper; bank deposits; securities. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 207; E. R. A. Selig- man. Economics, § 186; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 17; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 34, 35. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, %% 212), 214; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. xxviii; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., chs. xv, xvii, xx; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. xxvi; C. J. Bullock, Monetary History, 79-124. — Additional Readings: W. G. Sumner, Am. Currency; J. J. Knox, U. S. Notes; H. White, Money and Banking; D. K. Watson, Hist, of Am. Coinage. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, 5 § 168-172; Sec- retary of Treasury current Reports; Register of Treasury, current Reports. Lect. 71. Banks: private; state chartered; savings banks; state owned; national; cooperative; trust companies; syndicates; international relations; deposits; discounts; loans on collateral; circulating notes; clearing house. Bibliography: Manual, § 138; Actual Government, § 207; Guide, § 159; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 36. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 210; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, § 196; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., §§ 163-165, 174, 175; H. White, Money and Banking; J. J. Knox, History of Banking. — Addi- § 120] GOVERNMENT 205 TioNAL Readings: C. A. Conant, Hist, of Modern Banks of Issue, chs. xiii-xv; W. G. Sumner, Hist, of Banking in U. S.; F. A. Walker, Political Economy (3d ed.), 433-462; C. F. Dunbar, National Banking System {Quarterly Journal of Economics, XII, 1-26). — Sources: Contemporaries, III, § 132; Comptroller of the Currency, current Reports. Lect. 72. Land Transportation: roads; railroads; state owned railroads; intramural; express; state regulation; state commissions; Interstate Commerce Commission; interstate products. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 218; Guide, §§ 174, 175; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, § 206; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 19; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 47, 52. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 219, 225; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (A7n. Nation, XXVI), ch. xvi; D. R. Dewey, Na- tional Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. vi; E. R. John- son, Am. Railway Transportation, chs. xxv-xxix; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. xxxiii. — Additional Readings: E. McClain, C onstitutiorud Law, §§87-91; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 611-614; F. H. Giddings, Democracy and Empire, ch. viii; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, ch. ciii; F. H. Dixon, State Railroad Control; B. H. Meyer, Railway Legislation in U. S.; F. Parsons, Railways, Trusts and People; H. S. Haines, Restrictive Railway Legislation; E. W. Bemis, Municipal Monopolies, ch. vii. A. B. Hulbert, Historic Highways. — Sources: Interstate Commerce Com- mission, Reports; Industrial Commission, Report, IV, 1-32; IX; Poor's Railroad Mamml (annual). Lect. 73. Water Transportation: harbors; rivers; canals; external navigation; government regulation. Bibliography: Manual, § 223; Actual Government, § 218. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §223; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xvi; E. E. 206 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 120 Sparks, National Development (Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. xiii; J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. Nation, XXV), ch. xii; W. F. Johnson, Four Centuries of the Canal. — Sources: Am. History Leaflets, No. 34; Commissioner of Navigation, cm'rent Reports. [Class-room Paper No. 24. — Public Canals. — Man- ual, § 223.] Lect. 74. Public Encouragement of Transportation: subscriptions; internal improvements; contracts; boun- ties; subsidies; public ownership. Bibliography: Manual, § 224; Actual Government, § 218; Guide, §§ 167, 174, 179, 185, 195; E. R. A. Seligman, Eco- nomics, § 220; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 15; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 40, 41. — ^ Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§224, 226; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. xxxiii; E. R. John- son, Am. Railway Transportation, ch. xxii; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 10. — Additional Readings: J. D. J. Kelley, Question of Ships; J. S. Young, Cumberland Road. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 131, 165-168; Chief of Engineers, Current Reports. [Class-room Paper No. 25. — City Ownership of Traction Lines. — Manual, § 224.] Lect. 75. Transmission of Intelligence: post ofhce; telegraph; wireless telegraph; telephone; press news; stock tickers; international relations. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 218; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 20. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 220; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §104; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, ch. xii, — Additional Readings: F. Parsons, The Telegraph Monop- oly; E. B. Vedder, Government Telegraph. — Sources: Postmaster General, Current Reports; Industrial Commis- sion, Report. § 120] GOVERNMENT 207 Lect. 76. Movement of Persons: inspection; accomo- dations; races; race discriminations; diseased persons; immigration; restrictions; exclusions; problems. Bibliography: Manual, § 119; Actual Government, § 194; K. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, Nos. 5, 6; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 26-28. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 196; E. E. Sparks, National Development {Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. xiv; J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. Nation, XXV), ch. xvii; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, § 69; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. vii; H. G. Wells, Future in America, ch. ix. — Additional Readings: R. Mayo-Smith, Emigration and Immigration; P. F. Hall, Immigration; J. R. Commons, Races and Immigrants. — Sources: Com- missioner of Immigration, Reports; Industrial Commission, Report, No. 15. [Class-room Paper No. 26. — Limitation of Immi- gration. — Manual, § 225.] Lect. 77. Conveniences of Commerce: patents; copy- rights; weights and measures; bills of lading; regula- tion of occupations; state industries. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 207; Brookings and Hingwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 60-64. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§211, 213; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 102, 103; J. Story, Commentaries, §§1105-1115, 1122, 1151-1155. — Additional Readings: S. W. Dunscomb, Bankruptcy. — Sources: Commissioner of Patents, current Reports. Lect. 78. Regulation of Labor: holidays; dangerous callings; hours; payment of wages; rate of wages; women's labor; child labor; organizations; strikes; sympathetic strikes; boycotts. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 207; E. R. A. Selig- man, Economics, § 180; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public 208 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 120 Questions, No. 24; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 57-65. — Secondary Readings: Actual Gov- ernment, §§215, 216; D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. iii; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. xxvii; F. J. Stimson, Handbook to Labor Law; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§619-621; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, chs. xiii-xvi. — Additional Readings: CD. Wright, Industrial Evolution; C. B. Spahr, America's Working People; W. F. Willoughby, State Activities in Relation to Labor {Johns Hopkins University Studies, XIX, Nos. 4, 5). — Sources: Current Reports of the Secretary of Commerce. § 121. Readings on Foreign and Military Functions. Bibliography. — MawuaZ, §§21, 64, 175, 181, 184, 192, 195, 196; Actual Government, §§ 188, 194, 199; Guide, §§ 153, 162, 168-173; 178, 189, 192-194, 212. Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. xxiii- xxv; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. xvii, xviii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. xvii, xxii, xxiii; A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. viii; J. B. Moore, Am. Diplomacy. Additional Readings. — G. S. Boutwell, Constitution, chs. xvi-xviii, xxx, xxxiv; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy; E. Schuyler, Am. Diplomacy; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, §§47-50, 56-58; T. M. Cooley, Consti- tutional Law, ch. iv, § 12; J. J. Lalor, Cyclopedia of Pol. Sci nee, articles on Army, Drafts, Military Commissions, Navy, Treaties (Fishery), Treaties (U. S.). Sources. — Current Reports of the Secretary of State, Secretary of War, Secretary of the Navy. § 122. Lectures on Foreign and Military Functions. (Lects. 79-85.) Lect. 79. American Foreign Policy: principles; isola- tion; annexation; peace; America; Asia; Africa; Europe. § 122] GOVERNMENT 209 Bibliography: Manual, §§ 175, 195, 196; Actual Govern- ment, § 188. — Secondary Readings: Actual Governme/it, % 189; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xvii; J. H. Latane, America as a Woiid Power {Am. Nation, XXV), ch. vi. — Additional Readings: A. B. Hart, Foundations; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, chs. xciv, cxii; J. B. Moore, Am. Diplomacy; J. W. Foster, Cen- tury of Am. Diplomacy; J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in the Orient. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§173-179, 192-196; current Reports of Secretary of State. Lect. 80. Diplomatic Representatives: appointment; ministers; consuls; correspondence; instructions; privi- leges; extraterritoriality; negotiations. Bibliography: Manual, § 64; Actual Government, § 188. — Secondary Readings: J. W. Foster, Practice of Diplomacy, chs. i-xi; Actual Government, §§ 190, 191; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, ch. vi; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, ch. xvi. — Sources: Current Reports of the Secretary of State; J. B. Moore, Digest, IV, §§ 623-695. [Class-room Paper No. 27. — Status of Consuls. — Manual, § 226.] Lect. 81. Treaty Power: negotiation; consideration by Senate; ratification; relation to statutes; execution. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 184, 226; Actual Government, § 188; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 132. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 192; E. McClain, Con- stitutional Law, ch. xxiii. — Additional Readings: J. W. Foster, Practice of Diplomacy, chs. xii-xviii; F. Wharton, Commentaries, §§ 155-161, 383, 505, 506. — Sources: J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §§734-780; text of treaties in U. S. Treaties and Conventions. Lect. 82. Army in Time of Peace: militia; regulars; officers; recruiting; pay; discipline; use; posts; fortifi- cations. 210 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 122 Bibliography: Actual Government, § 199. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§201, 203, 204; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, ch. ix; L. D. Ingersoll, War Department. — Sources: Current Reports of the Secretary of War. Lect. 83. The Navy in Time of Peace: education of officers; sailors; recruiting; construction; pay; discipline; ■ employnient. Bibliography: Actual Government, §199. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§202, 203; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, ch. x; T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, No. 12. — Additional Readings: E. S. Maclay, U. S. Navy; J. D. Long, New U. S. Navy. — Sources: Current Reports of the Secretary of Navy. Lect. 84. War: declaring war; carrying on war; com- mand; military law; conquests; social effects. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 199; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§108, 129. — Secondary Readings: Actvnl Government, § 205; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. xvii, xxii; J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil War (Am. Nation, XXI), ch. i; W. A. Dunning, Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction, 1-62. — Additional Read- ings: W. Whiting, War Powers under the Constitution. Lect. 85. Pensions: military; naval; police and firemen; teachers; proposed civil; amount. Bibliography: Manual, § 227; Actual Government, § 199. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §206; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, 205-208; W. H. Glasson, Military Pension Legislation; E. H. Hall, Indignity to our Citizen Soldiers. [Class-room Paper No. 28. — The Pension System. — Manual, § 227.] § 124] GOVERNMENT 211 § 123. Readings on General Welfare and Police Powers. Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 138, 161, 228, 229; Actual {government, §§ 230, 239, 244; C. D. Wright, Practical Soci- ology, pp. ix-xvi; Boston Public Library, List of Books on Public Reform. Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. xxviii- XXX ; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XX^VI), ch. vii, xix; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. i^; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, chs. xii-xxiv; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration, chs. viii-xii; G. S. Boutwell, Constitution, ch. xx; C. Zueblin, Am. Municipal Progress. Additional Readings: D. F. Wilcox, City Government, 24-72, 93-101; M. R. Maltbie, Municipal Functions (Muni- cipal Affairs, II, 581-787); J. H. Crooker, Problems in Am. Society; J. J. Lalor, Cyclopoedia of Pol. Science, articles on Insurrection, Mormons, Police Power of a State, Pro- hibition. § 124. Lectures on General Welfare and Police Powers. (Lects. 86-90.) Lect. 86. Education: public and private; primary; sec- ondary; college; university; technical; professional. Bibliography: Manual, § 228; Actual Government, § 230; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 53, 68. — • Secondary Readings: Actual Government, ch. xxviii; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xii; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. xi; J. Bryce, Am. Common- wealth, II, chs. cv, ex, cxi. — Additional Readings: B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, ch. Ivi; J. H. Crooker, Problems in Am. Society, ch. v; F. H. Giddings, Democracy and Empire, chs. xiii, xiv; P. H. Hanus, Educational Aims. — Sources: C. W. Eliot, Educational Reform; A. B. Hart, Studies in Am. Education; Commissioner of Education, current Reports; National Educational Association, Reports. 212 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 124 Lect. 87. Public Health and Morals: practice of medicine; quarantine; boards of health; hospitals; tenement houses; police regulations; liquor question. Bibliography: Actual Government, §§ 239, 244; Brook- ings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 51, 52. — Sec- ondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 243, 248; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. ix; W. H. Allen, National Board of Health {Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XV, 51-68); C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. xxiii. — Additional Readings: A. G. Warner, American Charities; F. H. Wines and J. Koren, Liquor Problem in its Legislative Aspects; J. Koren, Economic Aspects of the Liquor Problem. [Class-room Paper No. 29. — Regulation of the Liquor Traffic. — Manual, § 228.] Lect. 88. Crime and Punishment: police; detectives; criminal process; punishments; prisons; ex-convicts. Bibliography: Actual Government §244. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§245-247, 249, 250; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. x; T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, No. 8; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. xxii. — Additional Readings: F. H. Wines, Punishment and Refor- mation; S. E. Sparling, State Boards of Control {Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XVII, 74-91). Lect. 89. Public Charity and Corrections: poor relief; the defective; reform institutions; tenements; children; unemployed. Bibliography: Actual Government, § 244; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, § 167. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 246; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. xiii; J. A. Riis, Children of the Poor; A. G. Warner, American Charities; J. H. Crooker, Problems in Am. Society, ch. ii. — Sources: National Conference of Associated Charities and Correction, annual Proceedings. § 126] GOVERNMENT 213 Lect. 90. Public Order: obedience; resistance; riot; insurrection; rebellion; court officers; posse; police; militia; troops. Bibliography: Manual, § 229; Actual Government, § 244; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 25; Brook- ings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 75. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 251-253; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xviii; F. J. Good- now, Comparative Administrative Law, II, 119-129. — Additional Readings: J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, ch. xli; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, chs. xxi, xxii. [Class-room Paper No. 30. — Injunctions against Rioters. — Manual, § 229.] § 125. Thirty Lectures on American Government (Course F). This brief course in American Government is intended to include the essential subjects treated in greater detail in Course E. Provision is made for six Class-room Papers, selected from the list of thirty subjects in Course E (Manual, §§ 198-229). § 126. Readings on Political Ideals and Organizations. Bibliography. — Manual, § 97; Actual Government, § 1. Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, ch. i; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. ii, v-ix, XV ; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. i, ii; F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, ch. iv; A. Shaw, Political Problems, ch. i. Additional Readings: J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, parts iv-vi; C. W. Eliot, Am. Contributions, chs. i-vi; E. L. Godkin, Problems of Democracy, Nos. 1, 2, 7, 10; J. K. Hosmer, Anglo-Saxon Freedom; C. E. Merriam, Am. Political Theories; J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Government. Source Readings. — Contemporaries, II, §§45-101; Source-Book, §§ 25-35, 41-52. 214 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 127 § 127. Lectures on Political Ideals and Organization. (Lects. 1-8.) Lect. 1. Methods and Materials: text-books; lectures; class-room papers; library reports; examinations; cer- tificates; compilations; secondary books; sources; prac- tice in using. Bibliography: Manual, §§. Lect. 2. The American People: numbers; races; distri- bution; occupations; urban and rural; societies; churches; education; public spirit. Bibliography: Manual, §§96, 97, 199; Guide, §§145, 180; Actual Government, § 1. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XVI), ch. iii; Actual Government, §§4, 5; C. W. Eliot, Am. Contributions, chs. iv, v; A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a World Power, chs. ii, iii. — Additional Readings: C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, chs. ii, iv, vi, viii; N. S. Shaler, Nature and Man in America; P. F. Hall, Immigration; J. R. Commons, Races and Immigrants; A. Shaw, Political Problems, ch. ii. — Source Readings: Contemporaries, III, §§ 10-36, 203-209; U. S. Census, Reports. Lect. 3. American Theories of Government: status of women; equality; social compact; democracy; represen- tation; local government; separation of powers. Bibliography: Manual, §§96, 97, 199; Actual Govern- ment, §17; Guide, §§156, 165, 183, 205. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 18, 19, 25-27; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. vii, viii; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. ii-iv, xxvi-xxx; II, chs. Ixxvii, Ixxviii, cix. — Additional Readings: A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), chs. xii, xvii; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. i, ii; C. E. Merriam, Am. Political Theories, chs. iii, vii. — Source Readings: M. Hill, Liberty Documents, chs. xi, xiv. § 127] BRIEF GOVERNMENT 215 Lect. 4. The American Citizen: birth; naturalization; aliens; orientals; Indians; dependents; duties; protec- tion; loss of citizenship. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 99, 100, 177, 192, 201; Actual Government, §7. — Secondary Readings: Actual Govern- ment, §§ 8-10; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 100, 193- 196; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. iii; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, ch. xv. — Additional Readings: G. S. Boutwell, Constitution, ch. xliv. Lect. 5. Liberty: inalienable rights; bills of rights; free- dom; movement; opinions; religion; judicial rights. Bibliography: Manual, §§99, 100, 155, 159, 192, 202; Actual Government, § 7. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. v; Actual Government, §§ 11-14; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. xxxvi-xliv. — Additional Readings: B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. xlvii, xlviii; T. M. Cooley, Constitu- tional Limitations, chs. xi-xiii. — Source Readings: Con- temporaries, IV, §§ 124-129; M. Hill, Liberty Docnments, chs. vi, ix, xiii, xxi, xxii. [Class-room Paper No. 1.^ — Theory of Religious Liberty. — Manual § 202.] Lect. 6. Written Constitutions: precedents; charters; Revolutionary; Federal (1787); conventions; legisla- tures; popular votes; interpretation. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 100, 101, 102; Actual Govern- ment, §17. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 28; C. E. Merriam, Am. Political Theories, chs. i-iv; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, ch. iii; A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.), chs. iv, v. — Additional Readings: C. Borgeaud, Origin of Written Constitutions (PoL Sci. Quarterly, VII, 613-632); W. C. Morey, Genesis of a Written Constitution and First State Constitutions (An- nals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., I, 529-557; IV, 201-233); J. A. 216 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 127 Kasson, Evolution of the Constitution; J. A. Jameson, Con- stitutional Conventions; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Political Institu- tions, chs. ii, iii. — Source Readings: M. Hill, Liberty Documents, chs. vii, ix, xiii, xv, xvii. Lect. 7. Suffrage and Representation; suffrage; limi- tations; ballot; bribery; referendum; initiative; dis- tricting; gerrymander. Bibliography: Manual, §§99, 100, 155; Actual Govern- ment, § 17. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. vi; E. McClain, Constitu- tional Law, chs. i, ii; Actual Government, §§ 22, 24, 28; W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, chs. i-vii. — Addi- tional Readings: J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Gvernment, ch. iv. — Source Readings: M. Hill, Liberty Documents, chs. ii-vi, vii, ix, xi, xiii. Lect. 8. Political Organization: parties; party spirit; caucus; nominating convention; ring; boss; remedies. Bibliography: Manual, § 103; Guide, §§ 160, 181, 201; Actual Government, § 42. — Secondary Readings: J. A. Woodburn, Political Parties, chs. i-ix; Actual Government, § 143; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. ix; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, chs. liii-lvi. — Additional Readings: A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Wood- burn ed.); J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Government, ch. viii; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§532-535; H. J. Ford, Am. Politics, chs. vii, xxiii-xxv; A. Shaw, Political Problems, chs. V, vi. — Source Readings: Contemporaries, III, § 83; IV, § 197. § 128. Readings on State, Local, and Municipal Government. Bibliography. — Manual, §§105, 107; Actual Govern- ment, §§ 52, 59, 66, 72, 79, 86, 95. Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. vi- xii; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, chs. iv-x; W. W. Willoughby, § 129] BRIEF GOVERNMENT 217 Constitutional System, chs. v-x; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs, xxx-xxxiii. — Additional Readings: J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xl-lii; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. vii; F. J. Goodnow, City Government; J. A. Fairlie, Local Government; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Prob- lems; D. B. Eaton, Government of Municipalities; D. F. Wilcox, City Government. Source Readings. — Municipal Affairs; New York State Library, Bulletins; National Municipal League, Proceedings. § 129. Lectures on State, Local, and Municipal Government. (Lects. 9-12.) Lect. 9. The Commonwealths: admission; privileges; duties; legislatures; government; administration; courts; lynch law. Bibliography. Manual, §§ 105, 141, 149, 160, 207, 208; Actual Government, §§ 17, 52, 59, 66, 72. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 53-78; E. McClain, Con- stitutional Law, §§ 173-183, 188-191; J. Bryce, Am. Com- monwealth, I, chs. xxxvi-xlvi. — Additional Readings: F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, chs. xiii, xiv; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 430-433; P. S. Reinsch, Legis- litures, chs. iv-x. — Source Readings: Contemporaries, I\\ §§ 145-157; N. Y. State Library, Bidletins. [Class-room Paper No. 2. — Efficacy of the Refer- endum. — Manual, § 205.] Lect. 10. Local Government: Colonial; town; town meeting; county; mixed systems; villages and boroughs; school districts. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 108, 209; Actual Government, §79. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§80- 87; J. A. Fairlie, Local Government; J. Bryce, Am. Common- wealth, I, chs. xlvii, xlix. — Additional Readings: W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, part ii, ch. x; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 471-480. 218 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 129 Lect. 11. The City: sites; growth; problems; charters; councils; mayors; police; state control. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 107, 108, 211; Actual Govern- ment §§86, 95. — Secondary Readings: Actual Govern- ment, §§87-101; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, chs. viii, ix; F. J. Goodnow, City Government, chs. i-xiii; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration, chs. xvii-xix. — Addi- tional Readings: A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 8; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, chs. i, ix, x; B. S. Coler, Municipal Government, ch. i. — Source Readings: National Municipal League, Municipal Program; Chicago Charter Convention, Digest of City Charters. Lect. 12. Remedies for Misgovernment: foresight; con- stitutions and charters; executive organization; limi- tations; separation of politics; reform organizations; public spirit. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 107, 108; Actual Government, §§86, 95. — Secondary Readings: C. W. Eliot, Am. Contributions, ch. vii; Actual Government, §§94, 101; F. J. Goodnow, City Government, ch. xiv; J. A. Fairlie, Muni- cipal Administration, ch. xx. — Additional Readings: F. C. Howe, City the Hope of Democracy, ch. viii; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, ch. xi. — Source Readings: Municipal Affairs, III, 434, 454; National Municipal League, Municipal Program. § 130. Readings on the Federal Government. Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 109-114, 144, 161, 216, 217; Actual Government, §§ 102, 110, 120, 135; E. McClain, Con- stitutional Law, §§ 37, 42, 99, 116, 119, 121, 125, 129, 132. Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, §§ 103- 145; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. vi-xviii; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, chs. i, iii. Additional Readings: J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. ii-xxxv; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, chs. i. § 131] BRIEF GOVERNMENT 219 ii; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. xvi-xxxiii; J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, chs. iv, v, xxvi. Source Readings. — J, D. Richardson, Messages and Papers; Congressional Record; Senate and House Documents; Supreme Court, Reports. § 131. Lectures on the Federal Government. (Lects. 13-18.) Lect. 13. Congress: choice; service; candidates; the House; the Speaker; the Senate; Vice-President; com- mittees; steering committee. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 111, 112, 214; Actual Govern- ment, §102. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 103-109; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, chs. i-iii; M. P. Follett, The Speaker, chs. ii, iii, viii, x, xi. — Additional Readings: A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 1; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 32-34; J. Bryce, Am. Common- wealth, I, chs. x-xv. Lect. 14. Federal Legislation: influences; executive initiative; sessions; order; obstruction; reports; debates; votes; output. Bibliography: Manual, §§111, 112; Actual Government, §110; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §44. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 111-113; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xvi-xix; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, 19, 48-59, 71-78; M. P. Follett, The Speaker, chs. iv-vi. — Source Readings: T. B. Reed, How the House Does Busi- ness (North Am. Review, vol. 164, pp. 641-650, June, 1897). [Class-room Paper No. 3. — Defects of the Com- mittee System. — Manual, § 214.] Lect. 15. The President: precedents; notables; nomi- nation; election; choice by electors; succession; powers; veto. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 109, 110; Actual Government, § 120. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 121, 220 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 131 122; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xiv; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 40, 120; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. v-viii. — Additional Readings: J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, chs. i, ii; J. A. Wood- burn, Am. Republic, ch. iii; J. H. Dougherty, Electoral System; E. Stanwood, History of the Presidency. — Source Readings: Contemporaries, III, §§ 79, 106, 162. Lect. 16. The Cabinet and the Civil Service: heads of departments; meetings; authority; kitchen cabinets; relation to Congress; minor officials; employees; civil service reform; classified service. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 109, 110, 212, 213; Actual Government, § 128. — Secondary Readings: Actual Gov- ernment, §§ 129, 130, 134; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xx; J. H. Finley, The Am. Executive; J. Bryce, Am. Com- monwealth, 1, ch. ix. — Additional Readings: J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, chs. iv-xvi; A. L. Lowell, Essays on Government, No. 1; C. R. Fish, Civil Service and Patronage. Lect. 17. The Federal Courts: judges; courts; func- tions; cases; writs; expounding constitution; declaring statutes void. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 113, 114; Actual Government, § 135; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 142. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 136-144; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Judiciary, chs. i, ii, ix; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§43, 138-143, 168-171. — Additional Readings: J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 1, chs. xxii-xxv; J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. vi; W. W. Willoughby, Con- stitutional System, ch. v. Lect. 18. Public Sentiment in the Affairs of Gov- ernment: pulpit; literature; public meetings; personal influence; societies; mobs; financial magnates; leaders. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 111, 112; Actual Governm.ent, § 102. — Secondary Readings: Actual G-overnment, § 115; § 133] BRIEF GOVERNMENT 221 J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, chs. Ixxvi-lxxxvii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§20, 24, 29, 30, 36, 128; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), chs v, ix, xix. § 132. Readings on the Functions of Government. Bibliography. — Manual, §§115-121; Actual Govern- ment, §§ 146, 155, 160, 188, 194, 199, 207, 218. Secondary Readings — Actual Government, §§ 147-229; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. ii, xiii-xviii; J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. vi; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. xi-xiv; W. F. Wil- loughby. Territories and Dependencies; W. M. Daniels, Public Finance; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diploynacy; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. xiv-xvii. Source Readings. — Reports of executive officials of the states, cities, localities and federal government. § 133. Lectures on the Functions of Government. (Lects. 19-30.) Lect. 19. Territories AND Dependencies: external boun- daries; internal boundaries; conquests; unorganized territory; organized dependencies; protectorates. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 115, 116, 173, 178, 185, 194, 218, 219; Actual Government, §§ 146, 160. Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, §§161, 166-170; W. F. Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, chs. ii-ix; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 186. Additional Readings. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. xlvii; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. xiii, xiv; A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. v; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Judiciary, ch. xxi. Source Readings. — Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 22, 32. [Class-room Paper No. 4. — Dependencies. — Man- ual, § 163, cf., §§218,219.] 222 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 133 Lect. 20. Public Real Estate: District of Columbia; public lands; forests; parks; reservoirs; public works; buildings; eminent domain. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 115, 116; Actual Government, §§146-160. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 150, 153, 162-164; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xi; W. W. Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, ch. x. — Additional Readings: A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 10; S. Sato, History of the Land Question; T. M. Cooley, C onstitutioTial Limitations, ch. xv; A. Shaw, Political Prob- lems, ch. iv. — Sources: Reports of the Commissioner of Public Lands. Lect. 21. Public Revenue: land; polls; personal taxes; excise; income; succession; assessments; collection. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 117, 118, 220; Actual Govern- ment, §171. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§172-178; E. McClain. Constitutional Law, §§69-79; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, § 115. — Additional Read- ings: E. R. A. Seligman, Taxation; T. M. Cooley, Law of Taxation; A. Shaw, Political Problems, ch. viii. Lect. 22. The Tariff: framing; enactment; rates; values; penalties; officials; administration; defects. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 117, 118, 221; Actual Govern- ment, §171. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 176, 177; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. xxx; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 77. — Additional Read- ings: D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., chs. viii, xix-xxi; O. L. Elliott, Tariff Controversy; J. D. Goss, Tariff Administra- tion. — Source Readings: Contemporaries, III, §§49, 50, 78, 130; IV, §§ 164-166. Lect. 23. Expenditures and Debt: estimates; appro- priations; expenditure; public accounts; state debt; local debt; national debt; sinking funds. § 133] BRIEF GOVERNMENT 223 Bibliography: Manual, §§ 117, 118; Actual Government, i 180. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 181- 186; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., ch. xiv; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration, chs. xiii-xvi. — Additional Readings: C. J. Bullock, Finances of the U. S., part ii, chs. ii, iii; F. J. Goodnow, Comparative Administrative Law, II, 275-295; H. C. Adams, Public Debt; W. A. Scott, Repudia- tion of State Debts. Lect. 24. Commercial Organization: individuals; firms; corporations; trusts; Wall street; contracts; coinage; banks; paper money. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 119, 120; Actual Government, I 207. — • Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 208, 209, 212; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, ch. civ; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. vii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. XV. — Additional Readings: C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. xxiv; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§615-618; J. B. Clark, Control of Trusts; J. W. Jenks, Trust Problems; W. M. Collier, The Trusts; A. Shaw, Political Problems, ch. vii. — Source Readings: Contempo- raries, IV, §§ 162-167. Lect. 25. Transportation: roads; railroads; canals; rivers; harbors; sea; regulation; commissions; aids; public ownership. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 119, 120, 224; Actual Govern- ment, §218. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§219-226; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xvi; D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. vi; E. McClain, Constitutional Law §§87-91. — Additional Readings: W. F. Johnson, Four Centuries of the Canal; E. R. Johnson, Am. Railway Transpor- tation, ch. xxii; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. xxxiii; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 10; B. H. Meyer, Railway Legislation in the U. S. — Sources: Interstate Commerce 224 LECTURES AND READINGS f§ 133 Commission Reports; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 34; Industrial Commission on Transportation, Report, IV, 1-32; Chief of Engineers, Reports. [Class-room Paper No. 5. — Public Canals. — Man- ual, §223, cf. §§ 143, 161.] Lect. 26. Movement of Persons: inspection; rates; re- strictions; race discriminations; immigrants; exclusions; problems; labor. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 119, 120; Actual Government, § 194. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 196; E. E. Sparks, National Development {Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. xiv; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, § 69; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. vii. — Additional Readings: H. G. Wells, Future in America, ch. ix; R. Mayo-Smith, Emigra- tion and Immigration; P. F. Hall, Immigration; J. R. Com- mons, Races and Immigrants; A. Shaw, Political Problems, ch. iii. — Sources: Commissioner of Immigration, Reports. Lect. 27. Foreign Relations: isolation; annexations; peace; State Department; envoys; consuls; treaties. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 121, 122, 175, 184, 195, 196, 226; Actual Government, §188. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 189-192; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xxiii; A. Shaw, Political Problems, ch. ix; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, ch. xvi. — Additional Readings: J. W. Foster, Practice of Diplomacy, chs. i-xviii; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, ch. vi; A. B. Hart, Foundations; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy; J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in the Orient; A. Shaw, Political Problems, ch. ix. — Source Readings: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 173, 179, 192, 196. Lect. 28. The Army and Navy: militia; regulars; sailors; officers; discipline; posts; vessels; use in peace; com- mand; war; pensions. § 133] BRIEF GOVERNMENT 225 Bibliography: Manual, §§ 121, 122; Actual Governtnent, § 199. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 201, 204; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, chs. ix, x; T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, No. 12. — Additional Readings: L. D. Ingersoll, War Department; E. S. Maclay, U. S. Navy. — Source Readings: Secretary of War, current Reports; Secretary of Navy, current Reports. Lect. 29. Religion and Education: churches; religious societies; missions; schools; secondary schools; colleges; professional schools; state and private. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 123, 124; Actual Government, § 230. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 231- 243; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. xi, xii; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. xi; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, chs. cv-cvii. — Additional Read- ings: J. H. Crooker, Problems in Am. Society, ch. v; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, ch. Ivi; F. H. Giddings, Democ- racy and Empire, chs. xii-xiv; C. W. Eliot, Educational Reform; A. B. Hart, Studies in Am. Education. — Source Readings: Commissioner of Education, Reports; National Educational Association, Reports; U. S. Census, Reports. Lect. 30. The General Welfare: philanthropy; punish- ment of criminals; children; poor; good order; riots; troops. Bibliography: Manual, §§ 123, 124, 138, 161, 228, 229; Actual Government, §§230, 239, 244. — Secondary Read- ings: Actual Government, §§231-253; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. vii, xix; E. McClain, Con- stitutional Law, ch. ix. — Additional Readings: J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration, chs. viii, xii; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, chs. xii-xxiv; J. H. Crooker, Problems in Am. Society. [Class-room Paper No. 6. — Regulation op the Liquor Traffic. — Manual, § 228, cf. §§ 123, 124, 252, 299.] Part III CLASS-ROOM PAPERS § 134. Thirty Class-room Papers in United States History (Course A). The relation of the class-room papers to the rest of the work of the courses in history is set forth above (Manual, §§7, 15-18); and the place of each paper in connection with the progress of the lectures may be seen in the List of Lectures (Manual, §§ 28-54). § 135. Paper No. 1. Use of Constitutional Authorities. For this paper every member of the course will be required to attend a conference with the Assistant, who will explain the use of various kinds of books, in preparation for the v/ork of the course. By individual work in the Library the members of the course will be expected to familiarize them- selves with the ground covered by at least one of the five topics below, before the paper is written in class. The questions will correspond to the five topics, from which one is to be chosen by the student ; and no member of the course will be given credit for this paper unless he has attended the prescribed conference before writing it. Bibliographies: This subject is the basis of Special Re- port No. 1 on Bibliography (Manual, § 235) ; and will be taken up in that connection. (1) Constitutional Treatises: Conception of "Constitu- tional Law"; ante-bellum treatises which are still quoted; post-bellum treatises; opinions as to what may be done under circumstances which have not yet arisen; compara- tive weight of treatises and judicial opinions, etc. (2) Cases: Reason for law reports; effect of cases on the establishment of constitutional law; various forms of United § 136] HISTORICAL 227 States reports; collections of cases; how to find cases on a specific point, etc. (3) Standard Histories: Point of view of the writers; field of the works; kinds of topics treated; attention to con- stitutional topics; references to authorities; tables of con- tents and indexes, etc. (4) Biographies: Relation to history; notable works; critical or panegyrics; inclusive of source material; bio- graphical series, etc. (5) Sources: Kinds of sources; principal collections; works of statesmen autobiography and reminiscence; travels; records of the federal executive and Congress; newspapers; publications of societies, etc. Specimen Questions: (1) Do writers of constitutional treatises make constitutional law? — (2) What are the ad- vantages of collections of cases over reports? — (3) How does McMaster's United States differ in scope and plan from Schouler's United States? — (4) What biography would you recommend of one of the following statesmen: (a) Thomas Jefferson, (6) Andrew Jackson, (c) Abraham Lincoln? (5) What collection of documents will be most serviceable in this course? § 136. Paper No. 2. Theories of the Basis of the Federal Constitution. Bibliography. — Mowwa/, §§31, 32, 101, 102, 203; Guide, §§ 154-156. Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. C. Hurd, Theory of our National Existence, 116-141. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, 1-5, 8-22, 26-47, 56-68, 70-83.— J. R. Tucker, Constitution, chs. ii, v, especially 256-318. — I. B. Richman, Fro7n Austin to John C. Hurd (Harvard Law Review, XIV, 353-371). — J. Story, Commentaries, Book III, ch. iii. — W. W. Willoughby, Nature of the State, «hs. X, xi, especially 266-275. 228 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 136 Select Historical Discussions. — • A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), chs. xv, xvii. — A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. viii. — C. E. Merriam, Hist, of the Theory of Sovereignty, chs. ix, X. Select Cases. — Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheaton, 1 ; 6 Cur- tis, 1; Thayer, Cases, 730, 1799; Boyd, Cases, 172; McClain, Cases, 303; John Marshall, Writings, 358. — Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wheaton, 304; 3 Curtis, 563; Thayer, Cases, 123; McClain, Cases, 746. — McCulloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheaton, 316; 4 Curtis, 415; Thayer, Cases, 271; McClain, •Cases, 1, John Marshall, Writings, 525. — U. S. v. Cruik- shank, 92 U. S. 542; McClain, Cases, 31. — White v. Hart, 13 Wallace, 646; Thayer, Cases, 259. — Keith v. Clark, 97 U. S. 454. — Texas v. White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, Cases, 302; Boyd, Cases, 552. Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Preamble; Art. VI, sect. 2; Art. Nil. — Federalist (Scott ed.), 209-215; (Ford ed.), 245-260. — Hayne's Speech on Foot's Resolution, Congress- ional Debates, 21 Cong., 1 sess., VI, 43. — A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 233. — T. H. Benton, Abridgment, X, 423. — Webster's Reply to Hayne and other speeches. Congressional Debates, 21 Cong., 1 sess., VI^ 58-80; D. Web- ster, Works, I, 343; III, 270-442, 448-505; V, 324. — Com- ments on Webster's reply, A. H. Stephens, TFar between the States, I, 298-355. — Extracts from the two speeches; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 47-49; Contempora- ries, III, § 159; Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 28, 30.— Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition, Calhoun, Works, VI, 1. — Speech against Webster, A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 96. — See Debates in the Virginia Convention of 1788, J. Elliot, Debates, III, especially 21-23, 44, and 395, 396. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — R. L. Ash- ley, Am. Federal State, 121-127. — W. O. Bateman, Con- stitutional Law, 101-134. — 0. A. Brownson, Am. Republic. § 137] HISTORICAL 229 — ^ T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, 3-11. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 26-29. — J. Davis, Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, 114-168. — A. M. Eaton, A New Nation (Harvard Law Review, XIII, 442-447). — R. Foster, Commentaries, I, 61-79, 94, 95, 104-108.— A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. viii. — • J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, chs. ii, vi. — J. C. Hiird, The Union State, and The Centennial of a Revolu- tion. — J. A. Jameson, Constitutional Conventions, §§27- 61, 167. — I. D. Andrews, Am. Law, §§ 146-148, 164- 167. — C. Borgeaud, Adoption and Amendment of Con- stitutions, Part i, ch. iii; also Part iii. Book I, chs. i, viii. — J. W. Burgess, Political Science and Constitutional Law, I, 98-108, 142-154. — A. C. McLaughlin, Social Compact and Constitutional Construction (Am. Hist. Review, V, 467-490). — - J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, Part i, chs. i, iii. — ■ E. V. Robinson, Nature of the Federal State (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., May, 1894). — A. L. Lowell, Limits of Sovereignty (Harvard Laiv Review, II, 70-87). — A. H. Stephens, War between the States, I, 50-170, 298-388.— W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 35-37. — W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. i, ii. — Woodrow Wilson, The State, §§ 1071-1086. — F. Wharton, Commen- taries, §§ 359-375. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, 60-73. — H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, 37-44, 47-52. Specimen Questions. — (1) Would a breach of the Con- stitution by one of the states justify the other states in withdrawing from the Union? — (2) Was the Constitution made by the people of the United States? — (3) Did the framers of the Constitution think it a compact between individuals? § 137. Paper No, 3. Doctrine of Separation of Powers. Bibliography: Manual, §§31, 32, 97, 98, 216, 217; Guide, §§ 157, 162, 167, 208. 230 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 137 Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, Com- mentaries, §§518-544, 861-893. — J. N. Pomeroy, Consti- tutional Law, §§166-187. — F. J. Goodnow, Administra- tive Law of the U. S., Book, I, chs. iv, v. Select Cases. — Eakin v. Raub, 12 Sergeant & Rawle (Pa.), 330; Thayer, Cases, 133 (an able discussion of one phase of this subject, but no longer followed). — Marbury v, Madison, 1 Cranch, 137; 1 Curtis, 368; Thayer, Cases, 107; McClain, Cases, 815; Boyd, Cases, 17. — Mississippi v. Johnson, 4 Wallace, 475; Thayer, Cases, 195; McClain, Cases, 102; Boyd, Cases, 652. — Rice v. Parkman, 16 Mass., 326; Thayer, Cases, 880. — Taylor v. Place, 4 R. I., 324; Thayer, Cases, 159; McClain, Cases, 79. Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 1; sect. 3, § 6; sect. 6, § 2; sect. 7, §§ 2, 3; sect. 8, § 18; Art. II, sect. 1, § 1; sect. 2, §§ 1, 2; sects. 2, 4; Art. Ill, sect. 1; sect. 3, ^ 2. — Federalist (Ford ed.), 48, 319-334, 458-489; (Scott ed.), 266-290. — Contemporaries, III, §54; Senate Reports,, 46 Cong., 3 sess. (1881), No. 837. — Montesquieu, UEsprit des Lois, Book XI, ch. vi. — W. Blackstone, Commentaries, I, 35-37. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. D. An- drews, Am. Law, ch. xii, §§232, 233. — R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. xvii. — H. C. Black, Constitu- tional Law, ch V. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, (ed. 1898) 44-54, 163-181. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, 64-69, 126-134. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, 115. — R. Foster, Commentaries, I, §§ 39, 40, 42, 86, 88-96, 111. — A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 1. — A. L. Lowell, Essays on Government, 97-101. — E. C. Mason, Veto Power, §§ 18-24, 31-36, 99-105, 121-123, 230.— E. C. Mason, Congressional Demands on the Executive (Am. Hist. Assoc, Papers, V, 367-375). — E. McClain, Constitu- tional Law, ch. iv. — W. Rawle, View of the Constitution, chs. V, xvi. — J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Government, ch. vi. — § 137] HISTORICAL 231 W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 38, 461, 501. — J. B. Thayer, Origin and Scope of the Am. Doctrine of Con- stitutional Law {Harvard Law Rev., VII, 129). — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, §§65-67, 188, 213, 214. — F. Whar- ton, Commentaries, §§388-403. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, 98-lU, 301-313, 325-332. — B. Wyman, Ad- ministrative Law, ch. iii. Additional Federal Cases. — U. S. v. Kendall, 12 Peter.s, 524; 12 Curtis, 834. — Watkins v. Holman, 14 Curtis, 174. — Luther v. Borden, 7 Howard, 1; Thayer, Cases, 191. — U. S. v. Ferreira, 13 Howard, 40. — Murray's Lessee v. Hoboken Land and Improvement Co., 18 Howard, 272. — Georgia v. Stanton, 6 Wallace, 50; Thayer, Cases, 201. — United States v. Schurz, 102 U. S., 398. — Butter- worth V. Hoe, 12 U. S. 50. — U. S. u. Black, 128 U. S. 40; McClain, Cases, 109. — In re Neagle, 135 U. S. 1; Thayer Cases, 335. — U. S. v. Blaine, 139 U. S. 306. — U. S. v. Duell, 172 U. S. 576. — Neely v. Henkel, 180 U. S. 109. — James v. Appel, 192 U. S. 129. — U. S. v. Sing Tuck, 194 U. S. 161. — Southern Pac. Co. v. Interstate Commerce Commission, 200 U. S. 536. — Michigan Central R. R. v. Powers, 201 U. S. 245. Additional State Cases. — In re Application of the Senate, 10 Minn. 78; Thayer, Cases, 181. — Houston v. Williams, 13 Cal.» 24; Thayer, Cases, 184. — Breevort v. Grace, 53 N. Y. 245; Thayer, Cases, 882. — Dash v. Van Kleek, 7 Johnson (N. Y.), 477; Thayer, Cases, 1498.— State V. Stone, 120 Mo. 428; McClain, Cases, 105. — Appeal of Hartranft, Governor, 85 Penn. St. 433. — Cases of Super- visors of Elections, 114 Mass., 247; McClain, Cases, 113. — State V. Simons, 32 Minn., 540; McClain, Cases, 117. — Ex parte GrifHth, 118 Ind. 83; McClain, Cases, 122. Additional Historical Discussions. — This question came up in debates on the President's removing power {Guide, §157); on the Jay treaty {Guide, § 162); on the 232 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 137 Marbury decision (Guide, § 167); on Jackson's removal of the deposits (Guide, § 185); on the Dred Scott decision (Guide, § 304); and on Lincoln's war power (Guide, § 208). The dispute between President Johnson and Congress, which led to the impeachment of the President, turned directly on this question. See also J. B. Thayer, John Marshall, chs. iii, v; Thayer, Cases, 1, 6, 83, 354w; S. G. Fisher, Evolution of the Constitution, 109-116, 161-167; W. M. Meigs, Growth of the Constitution, 115-122, 229-231; (London), Spectator, June 25, 1898. Specimen Questions. — (1) Could either House be compelled by Act of Congress to admit members of the Cabinet to a share in debate? — (2) May the House require the President to submit papers to it? — (3) Is the President bound by a decision of the Supreme Court? § 138. No. 4. Implied Powers and the General Welfare. Bibliography. — Manwa/, §§31, 32, 101, 102, 123, 124, 143, 148. — Guide, § 159. Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, Com- mentaries, §§ 419, 420, 422-434, 497-506, 907-930. — C. S. Patterson, U. S. and States, ch. ii. — W. W. Willoughb}^ Constitutional System, ch. iii. — J. B. Thayer, John Mar- shall, ch. iv. — K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xviii. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, 182-190, 589-600. Select Cases. — McCuUoch v. Maryland, 4 Wheaton, 316; 4 Curtis, 415; Thayer, Cases, 271; McClain, Cases, 1; Boyd, Cases, 308; John Marshall, Writings, 160. — Osborn V. Bank of the U. S., 9 Wheaton, 738; 6 Curtis, 251; Thayer, Cases, IMQn; McClain, Cases, 617; John Marshall, Writ- ings, 315. — Legal Tender Cases, 12 Wallace, 457; Thayer, Cases, 2237; McClain, Cases, 442; Boyd, Cases, 136.— Kansas v. Colorado, 206 U. S. 46. § 138] HISTORICAL 233 Sources. — Constitution: Preamble; Art. 1, sect. 1; sect. 8, § 18; sect. 9; sect. 10; Art. Ill, sect. 3, §2; Art. IV, sect. 2; sect. 3; sect. 4; Art. VI, § 2; Amendments X; XI; XIII, sect. 2; XIV, sect. 5; XV, sect. 2. — A. Hamil- ton's Opinion on the National Bank, Works (ed. 1850), IV, 106; (Lodge ed.), Ill, 125. — J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 617.— T. Jefferson's Opinion on the National Bank, Works (Wash- ington ed.), VII, 555. — J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 609; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 9-11. — J. Madison's opinion on banks and tariff, in J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 600; debates in Conventions, J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 411; V, 543, 544. — - Debate in the House, Annals of Congress, 1 Cong., 1891-1960; T. H. Benton, Abridgment, I. 274-308.— Federalist, Nos. 38, 41 (Ford ed. 201, 298); (Scott ed., 201, 223). — Message of Madison (March 3, 1817), Senate Journal, 14 Cong., 2 sess., 405-409; House Journal, 14 Cong., 2 sess., 534-537; Annals of Congress, 14 Cong., 2 sess., 1060, 1061; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, 1, 584. — Message of Monroe (May 4, 1822), Annals of Congress, 17 Cong., 1 sess., 1809-1863; State Papers, 17 Cong., 1 sess., IX, No. 127; Statesman's Manual, I, 492-512; II, 513-535; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 144. — Con- temporaries, III, §§82, 133; M. Hill, Liberty Documents, chs. xvii, xix; Webster's Speech on the Bank, Works, III, 416. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. D. An- drews, Am. Law, §§246-258. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, §105. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 105-110. — D. H. Chamberlain, Osborn v. Bank of the United States {Harvard Laiv Review, I, 223). — J. I. C. Hare, Constitu- tional Laiv, I, 102-118. — W. 0. Bateman, Constitutional Law, §§205, 206. — R. Foster, Commentaries, I, §24.— E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xviii. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, §§ 259-269. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 212-220. — J. R. Tucker, Constitutional 234 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 138 Law, H 179-183, 222-234, 248, 249, 294. — F. Wharton, Commentaries, §§ 468-470. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, 73-77, 340, 341. Additional Cases. — U. S. v. Fisher, 2 Cranch, 358; 1 Curtis, 496. — Fletcher v. Peck, 6 Cranch, 87; 2 Curtis, 328; Boyd, Cases, 395. — Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wheaton, 304; 3 Curtis, 562; Thayer, Cases, 123; McClain, Cases, 746; Boyd, Cases, 616; John Marshall, Writings, 525. — Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheaton, 1 ; 6 Curtis, 1 ; Thayer, Cases, 1799; McClain, Cases, 235; Boyd, Cases, 172; John Marshall, Writings, 160. — Rhode Island v. Massachusetts, 12 Peters, 723; 12 Curtis, 407. — Farmers National Bank V. Bearing, 91 U. S., 29. — Ex parte, Yarbrough, 110 U. S., 651. — Hepburn v. Griswold, 8 Wallace, 603; Thayer, Cases, 2222. — Juillard v. Greenman, 110 U. S., 421; Thayer, Cases, 2255; McClain, Cases, 442; Boyd, Cases, 157. — Ander- son V. Dunn, 6 Wheaton, 204; 5 Curtis, 61; McClain, Cases, 548. — Ex parte Curtis, 106 U. S., 371; McClain, Cases, 554. — Logan v. U. S., 144 U. S., 263; McClain, Cases, 557. Additional Historical Discussions. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, 182-190, 589-601. — H. C. Lodge, Alexander Hamilton, 99-105. — J. T. Morse, Alexander Hamilton, I, 333-347. — Clark and Hall, Legislative and Documentary Hist, of the Bank of the U. S., 15-31, 37-84, 86-89, 91-94, 95-112. — H. Von Hoist, United States, 1, 104-107. — R. Hildreth, United States, IV, 256-267; VI, 211, 226-231. — J. Schouler, United ' States, I, 158- 162. — G. Tucker, United States, I, 450-458. — W. M. Meigs, Growth of the Constitution, 27-34, 128-134, 306, 307. Specimen Questions. — (1) May Congress constitution- ally charter a life insurance company? — (2) May Congress constitutionally vote money for aid to sufferers from forest fires? — (3) May Congress constitutionally pass an act creat- ing a national university, supported by national taxes? § 140] HISTORICAL 235 § 139. Paper No. 5. Development of Parties. Select Discussions. — M. Ostrogorsky, Democracy and Parties, II, 3-607, esp. 3-206. — A. B. Hart, Actual Gov- ernment, §§ 43-51. — J. Macy, Party Organization and Machinery. — J. A. Woodburn, Political Parties and Party Problems, chs. i, ii. — J. Bryce, Am. Coynmonwealth, II, chs. liii-lvi. Additional Discussions. — A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. ix. — R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. xxiii. — F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, 246-306. — H. J. Ford, Am. Politics. — J. Macy, Political Parties, chs. i-vi. — A. Johnston, Am. Politics. — A. Holmes. Political Parties. — J. H. Patton, Political Parties. — P. S. Reinsch, Am. Legislatures, 275-283. — E. Stanwood, Hist, of the Presidency. — J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Government, ch. viii. Sources. — Confemporanes, III, §§83-91, 99-105.— National party platforms in E. Stanwood, History of the Presidency, passim; State platforms in annual Tribune Almanac; World Almanac. Specimen Questions. — (1) Did the Federalist party have a higher conception of government than the Repub- lican?— (2) Did the existence of parties strengthen the government during the crisis of foreign affairs from 1801 to 1815? — (3) Ought a public-spirited man to hold aloof from politics? § 140. Paper No. 6. Maintenance of Public Order. Bibliography.— Manual, §§ 123, 124, 229. Select Constitutional Discussions. — E. Freund, Police Power, ch. iv. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, 576-597, 634- 642, 715-717. — G. N. Lieber, Use of the Army in Aid of the Civil Power (North Am. Rev., Nov., 1896). — Federal Aid in Domestic Disturbances, Sen. Doc, 57 Cong., 2 sess., No. 209. (Constitutional, historical and comprehensive, 236 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 140 from the adoption of the Constitution to the present time.) — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 122, 131. Select Historical Discussions. — G. T. Curtis, Consti- tutional Hist., I, 426, 607, 610, 611, 613; II, 302-319.— E. B. Andrews, Last Quarter Century, II, 327-338. — A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xviii. Select Cases. — Luther v. Borden, 7 Howard, 1; 17 Curtis, 1- Thayer, Cases, 193, 254, 2352, 2391; McClain, Cases, 595; Boyd, Cases, 647. — Martin v. Mott, 12 Wheaton, 19; 7 Curtis, 10; Thayer, Cases, 2290; McClain, Cases, 518; Boyd, Cases, 338. — /n re Neagle, 135 U. S. 1; Thayer, Cases, 335. — In re Debs, 158 U. S. 581. Sources. — U. S. Constitution: Art. I, sect. 8, §§ 12-16; Art. II, sect. 2, § 1; sect. 3; Art. IV, sect. 4. — Federalist (Ford ed.); (Scott ed.), 48-60, 126-130, 154-159, 241- 247. — Debates in Convention, J. Elliot, Debates, III, 378, 381, 384, 411-414, 422, 424. — Acts of Congress: May 2, 1792, Statutes at Large, I, 264; Act of Nov. 29, 1794, Ibid., 1, 403; Act of Feb. 28, 1795, Ibid., 424; Act of March 3, 1807, Ibid., II, 443; Act of March 2, 1833 ("Force Bill"), Ibid., IV, 632; Act of July 13, 1861, Ibid., XII, 255; Act of July 17, 1862, Ibid., 597; Act of April 20, 1871, Ibid.,XYU, 13; Act of June 18, 1878, Ibid., XX, 145; Act of Jan. 21, 1903, Ibid, XXXII, pt. i, p. 775. — Army Regulations, §§563-568. — /^m'serf Statutes, §§2118-2152, 2460, 3995, 4293, 4792, 5275, 5286, 5297-5299. — Opinions of Attorneys General, VI, 473; IX, 520; XVI, 162; XVII, 333; XIX, 293. — Notable proclamations of the Presidents, J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, I, 158, 161, 162, 436, 450; V, 174; VII, 199, 472; IX, 288, 499. — Correspondence relating to the Chicago Riots, Attorney General, Report 1896, App.; House Documents, 54 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 9, Part ii, pp. 20, 24, 193, 226, 233. — D. Webster, Works, VI, 217-246. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — W. 0. § 140] HISTORICAL 237 Bateman, Constitutional Law, §§239-241, 200, 291. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, §§81, 116-118. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 88-90, 100, 106. — J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, 35-39. — J. N. Pomeroy, Consti- tutional Law, §§460-476, 662-668, 703-706. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§1186-1188, 1199-1215, 1813-1825. — F. Wharton, Commentaries, §§549-552. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 197-204, 469-494, 603-605. — S. F. Miller, Constitution, 624, 626, 639-641. Additional Federal Cases. — Logan v. U. S., 144 U. S., 263; Thayer, Cases, 343; McClain, Cases, 557. — Texas v. White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, Cases, 302; McClain, Cases, 838; Boyd, Cases, 552. — Prize Cases, 2 Black, 635; 4 Mil- ler, 876; Thayer, Cases, 2339; McClain, Cases, 515; Boyd, Cases, 342. — Miller v. U. S., 11 Wallace, 268; Thayer, Cases, 2395. — U. S. v. Greathouse, 4 Sawyer, 457; McClain, Cases, 541. — Field v. Clark, 143 U. S., 649. — U. S. v. Peters, 5 Cranch, 115. Additional State Cases. — Ela v. Smith, 5 Gray (Mass.), 121; Thayer, Cases, 2279. — People v. King, 110 N. Y., 418; Thayer, Cases, 568. — State v. Bering, 84 Wis., 585; Thayer, Cases, 869. — Opinion of the Justices, 8 Mass., 547; Thayer, Cases, 2287. — In re Kemp, 16 Wis.. 414. Additional Historical Discussions. — Accounts of disturbances and their suppression in The American Nation, as follows: Shays, A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), ch. x; Whiskey, J. S. Bas- sett. Federalist Sijstem {Am. Nation, XI), ch. vii; Burr, E. Channing, Jeffersonian System {Am. Nation, XII), ch. xii; Georgia, 1826-1828, F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West {Am. Nation, XIV), 308-313; South Carolina, 1833, W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy {Am. Nation, XV), chs. V, ix; Abolition, 1835-1840, A. B. Hart, Slavery and Aboli- tion {Am. Nation, XVI), chs. xi-xiv; Dorr, 1842, A. M. Mowry, Dorr War; John Brown, 1859, F. E. Chadwick, 238 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 140 Causes of the Civil War (Am. Nation, XIX), chs. v, ix- xviii; Civil War, 1861, J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to A7-ms (Am. Nation, XX), 14-19; Strikes, 1873, 1894, E. E. Sparks, National Development (Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. v; D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. ill. Specimen Questions. — (1) Did the Shays Insurrection tend to make people fond of their government? — (2) Should troops be used as a posse comitatus? — - (3) Ought the federal government to interfere in insurrections directed against a state? § 141. Paper No. 7. Doctrine of Interposition. Bibliography. — Manwa/, §§ 39, 40, 97, 98, 105, 106. Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, Com- mentaries, §§ 306-396, 467-481. — R. Foster, Commentaries, I, 116-119, 163-205. — A. H. Stephens, War between the States, I, 477-522. Select Cases. — McCulloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheaton, 316; 4 Curtis, 415; Thayer, Cases, 271; McClain, Cases, 1; Boyd, Cases, 308. — Texas v. White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, Cases, 302; McClain, Cases, 838; Boyd, Cases. — Lane County v. Oregon, 7 Wallace, 71, 76; McClain, Cases, 40. Select Historical Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, Con- stitutional Hist., 1, ch. iv, also 260-272. — S. H. Gay, James Madison, ch. xv. — F. M. Anderson, Contemporary Opinion the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (Am. Hist. Re- view, V, 45-63, 225-252). Sources. — Texts of Virginia Resolutions, first Kentucky Resolutions, second Kentucky Resolutions, Madison's Re- port, and Answers of the States in: J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 528-552; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 15; Niles Register, II, 305-313. — Jef!"erson's view in his E''^orA;s (Washington ed.), IV, 258, 305. — Jefferson's Draft Resolutions, Works, IX, 464. — Hamilton's view in his Works, VI, 416. — Am. Hist. § 142] HISTORICAL 239 Leaflets, No. 15. — Federalist (Ford ed.), 100-102, 140, 173, 203; (Scott ed.), 209-215, 434-440. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, United States, I, 396-408. — G. T. Curtis, Constitu- tional Hist., II, 5, 15-40, 56, 71, 79. — H. C. Black, Con- stitutional Law, 22-33. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, §§ 25-44, 93-150. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 30, 134. — W. 0. Bateman, Constitutional Law, 137-142. Additional Cases. — Keith v. Clark, 97 U. S., 454. — Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheaton, 1; 6 Curtis, 1; Thayer, Cases, 730, 1799; McClain, Cases, 235; Boyd, Cases, 172; John Marshall, Writings, 287. — White v. Hart, 13 Wallace, 646; Thayer, Cases, 259. Additional Historical Discussions. — J. Schouler, United States, I, 432-436. — J. B. McMaster, United States, II, 418-423. — J. T. Morse, Thomas Jefferson, 172, 173.— J. J. Lalor, Cyclopaedia, II, 234, 1050-1055; III, 734, re- printed in A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. X. Specimen Questions. — (1) Could Virginia declare a federal law to be null and void in Massachusetts? — (2) Did "interposition" mean the use of force against the federal government? — (3) Did the Virginia and Kentucky Reso- lutions tend to improve the federal government? § 142. No. 8. Jeffersonian Democracy. Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 35, 36. Select Historical Discussions. — H. Adams, United States, I, 140-148, 170, 171, 178-180, 185-217, 247-263, 272, 277, 445; III, 1-9. — E. Channing, Jeffersonian System {Am. Nation, XII), chs. i, ii, v, xvi, xvii. — J. T. Morse, Thomas Jefferson, chs. iii, vii, viii, xi-xviii. — J. Schouler, United States, I, 63-65, 173-179, 423, 424, 474; II, 1-12, 58, 59, 69, 80-89, 199-204; H. C. Merwin, Thomas Jefferson; J. W. Wayland, Political Opinions of Thomas Jefferson. 240 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 142 Sources. — Jefferson's First Inaugural, T. Jefferson, Works, VIII, 1; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 155; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, I, 321; Contemporaries, III, § 106. — Jefferson's political opinions, Massachusetts Hist. Society, Collections, 7th ser., I, 149-218; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, I, 324-461; T. Jefferson, Works (Washington ed.), II, 99, 104, 165, 327; III, 81; VIII, 42. 148. — Draft of Declaration of Independence, Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 11; T. Jefferson, Works (Washington ed.), I, 26. — Detailed views in Works (Ford ed.), I. 440; III. 225; IV, 269, 426, 476; V, 8, 147, 156, 158, 205, 28.5-289; VI, 189; VII, 4, 78, 173, 284, 374, 390; VIII, 18, 73, 186; (Washington ed.), II, 100, 105, 122, 166, 221, 249, 253, 330; III, 3, 81, 313; IV, 114, 115, 268, 452, 523, 548; VI, 45, 160, 222, 254, 305, 340, 360, 381, 543, 605; VII, 9, 12, 18, 75, 290, 319, 376, 389; VIII, 222, 413, 543. 589, 604; IX, 96, 122. — S. E. Forman, Life of Jefferson, 138, 140, 145, 155, 169, 174, 190, 191, 201, 215, 217, 218, 220, 232-235, 272-281, 306- ,308, 366-368, 379-390, 397-399. — Source-Book, §§ 58, 73, 77-81, 89. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 107-110. Additional Historical Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, United States, I, 31, 72, 143-146, 154, 168-200.— J. Schouler, Thomas Jefferson, chs. v-xii. — G. Tucker, Thomas Jefferson, I, 229-232, 252-256, 274-282, 333, 334, 444-449; II, 322-325, 507. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, 6-12. — Goldwin Smith, United States, 135-139, 155-165. — J. H. Patton, Democratic Party, 168-171; R. H. Gillet, Democracy in the U. S., 13-38. — E. M. Shepard, Martin Van Buren, ch. I.— E. Stanwood, Hist, of the Presidency , ch. vi. — S. H. Gay, James Madison, ch. xvi. — H. C. Lodge, George Cabot, 422- 442, 468-473, 494, 495. Periodical Articles. — W. E. Russell, Jefferson and his Party Today (Forum, XXI, 513). — W. J. Bryan, Jeffer- sonian Principles (North Am. Review, CLXVIII, 670). — 5. Fowler, Political Opinions of Thomas Jefferson (North § 1431 HISTORICAL 241 Am. Review, CI, 313-335). — G. P. Fisher, Jefferson and the Social Compact Theory {Yale Review, II, 403). — C. E. Merriam, Thomas Paine's Political Theories (Pol. Sci. Quarterhj, XIV, 389). Specimen Questions. — (1) Would Jefferson have ap- proved of manhood suffrage in our cities? — (2) Did Jef- ferson believe in the use of force for the defence of a gov- ernment? — (3) Would Jefferson have approved of the boss system in cities? — (4) Was Jefferson a socialist? § 143. Paper No. 9. Internal Improvements. Bibliography.— Manua/, §§ 37, 40, 119, 120, 123, 124, 138, 148, 161. Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. D. Andrews, Am. Law, ch. xx. — H. Von Hoist, United States, I, 388- 396. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§ 1124-1150, 1272-1277.— E. C. Mason, Veto Power, §§ 83-97. Select Cases. — Oilman v. Philadelphia, 3 Wallace, 713; Thayer, Cases, 1912. — California v. Pacific Railroad, 127 U. S., 39; Thayer, Cases, 1394; McClain, Cases, 167.— Luxton V. North River Bridge Co., 153 U. S., 525; Thayer, Cases, 2160. — Kansas v. Colorado, 206 U. S., 46. Select Historical Discussions. — A. B. Hart, Na- tional Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xv. — K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. NationM,lity {Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xv. — F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West {Am. Nation, XIV), chs. xiii, xvii. — W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy {Am. Nation, XV), ch. viii; J. S. Young, Cumberland Road. Sources. — U. S. Constitution: Art. I, sect. 8, §§1, 3, 7, 12; Art. IV, sect. 3, § 2. — Contemporaries, III, §131.— Debates in the Federal Convention, J. Elliot, Debates, V, 543-545. — Hamilton's suggestions (1791), Annals of Con- gress, 2 Cong., 1015, 1016. — Ohio Act (1802), (sect. 7, No. 3); U. S. Statutes at Large, II, 175. — Cumberland Road act (March 29, 1806), Ibid., 357. — Jefferson's message 242 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 143 (Dec. 2, 1806), Statesman's Manual, 1, 190, 191; Annals of Congress, 9 Cong., 2 sess., 14, 15; J. D. Richardson, Mes- sages and Papers, I, 409, 410. — Gallatin's report (April 4, 1808), Am. State Papers, Miscellaneous, I, 724. — Latrobe's reports (March 16, April 1, 1808), Ibid., 910. — Madi- son's veto (March 3, 1817), Annals of Congress, 14 Cong., 2 sess., 1059; Senate Journal, 14 Cong., 2 sess., 406; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, I, 584. — Monroe's veto (May 4, 1822), Annals of Congress, 17 Cong., 1 sess., 1809- 1863; Statesman's Manual, I, 492-512; II, 513-534; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 144-183. — Jack- son's veto (May 27, 1830), Statesman's Manual, II, 719- 728; House Journal, 21 Cong., 1 sess., 733-742; J. D. Rich- ardson, Messages and Papers, 11, 483-493. — Vetoes by Arthur (1882) and Cleveland (1896), J. D. Richardson, Mes- sages and Papers, VIII, 130; IX, 677-679. — Other messages of Monroe, J. D. Richardson, Messages, II, 18, 142; of Jack- son, Ibid., II, 451, 508, 601, 638; III, 118; of J. Q. Adams, Ibid., II, 388, 416; of Tyler, Ibid., IV, 330; of Polk, Ibid., IV, 460, 610, 656; of Pierce, Ibid., V, 218, 256, 257, 386- 388; of Fillmore, Ibid., V, 90; of Buchanan, Ibid., V, 599; of Arthur, Ibid., VIII, 59, 120, 137. — Debates of 1817, Annals of Congress, 14 Cong., 2 sess., 851-923; T. H. Ben- ton, Abridgment, V, 676, 704-711. — House Resolutions of March 14, 1818: Annals of Congress, 15 Cong., 1 sess., 1381- 1384. — T. Jefferson, Writings (Washington ed.), IV, 131, 449, 478; VII, 77-79; IX, 496-500. — A. Gallatin, Writ- ings, 1, 395, 396. — Contemporaries, III, § 131. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — T. M. Cool- ey. Constitutional Law, 107, 108. — J. N. Pomeroy, Con- stitutional Law, §§ 382, 412. — H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, §41. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, 213-216. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, § 276. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 485-487. — F. Wharton, Commen- taries, §§446, 447. — W.' 0. Bateman, Constitutional Law, § 144] HISTORICAL 243 §227. — Prentice and Egan, Commerce Clause, 107-112, 313-315. — H. Clay, Life and Speeches, I, 300-320. — J. C. •Calhoun, Works, II, 186-197. — T. H. Benton, Thirty Years' View, I, 21-27. Additional Cases. — Stockton v. Baltimore & New York R. R. Co., 32 Fed., 9; Thayer, Cases, 2067n. — Searight v. Stokes, 3 Howard, 151; 15 Curtis, 346. — Pensacola Tele- graph Co. V. Western Union Telegraph Co., 96 U. S., 1; Thayer, Cases, 1985; McClain, Cases, 252; Boyd, Cases, 255. — Miller v. Mayor of New York, 109 U. S., 385. — Wis- consin V. Duluth, 96 U. S., 379. Additional Historical Discussions. — A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 9. — E. R. Johnson, River and Har- bor Bills {Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., II, 782). — H. S. Tanner, Memoir on Internal Improvements. — J. J. Lalor, Cyclopaedia, I, 609, II, 568-570. — The Old National Pike (Harper's Magazine, LIX, 801). — D. C. Oilman, James Monroe, 152-182. — H. Adams, Albert Gallatin, 351, 352. — H. Von Hoist, John C. Calhoun, 28-41. — W. G. Sumner, Andrew Jackson, 191-194. — J. W. Burgess, Middle Period, 14-18, 116-122, 155-157, 166-170. — W. M. Meigs, Growth •of the Constitution, 306, 307. Specimen Questions. — (1) May Congress improve a ■waterway wholly within a State, without the consent of that State? — (2) May Congress construct irrigation can- als? — (3) May Congress construct and operate grain ele- vators at tide- water terminals? § 144. Paper No. 10. Impairpaent of Contracts. Bibliography. — Guide, § 175. Select Constitutional Discussions. — T. M. Cooley, 'Constitutional Limitations, 383-416. — J. N. Pomeroy, Con- stitutional Law, §§538-627. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 263-443. — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ^§264-269. 244 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 144 Select Cases. — Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 4 Wheaton, 518; 4 Curtis, 463; Thayer, Cases, 1564; McClain, Cases, 1006; Boyd, Cases, 412; John Marshall, Writings, 188-210. — Fletcher v. Peck, 6 Cranch, 87; 2 Curtis, 328; Thayer, Cases, 114; Boyd, Cases, 395; John Marshall, Writ- ings, 126. — Beers v. Arkansas, 20 Howard, 527; Thayer, Cases, 1556. — Beer Co. v. Massachusetts, 97 U. S., 25; Thayer, Cases, 757; McClain, Cases, 1014. — Vicksburg v. Vicksburg Waterworks Co., 202 U. S., 453. Sources. — U. S. Constitution : Art. I, sect. 8, c. 18; sect. 10, c. 1; Art. Ill, sect. 2, c. 1; Art. VI, c. 2; Amend. XI. — Federalist (Ford ed.), 296; (Scott ed.), 42, 248. — T. Jefferson, Writings (Washington ed.), VI, 460- 463. — Webster's Argument in Dartmouth College Case, Works, V, 462. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, ch. xxi. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Prohibitions, Part i. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 328-345. —E. Freund, Police Power, §§555-582, 674—681. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 575-745. — S. F. Miller, Constitution, ch. xi. — C. S. Patterson, U. S. and States, ch. v. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§ 1374- 1400. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, II, 828-840. — F. Wharton, Commentaries, §§477-501. — J. B. Thayer, Case of Gelpcke v. Dubuque {Harvard Law Rev., IV, 311). — Charles Doe, New View of the Dartmouth College Case {Harvard Law Rev., VI, 161, 213). — W. H. Rand, Jr., Swift V. Tyson versus Gelpcke v. Dubuque {Harvard Law Rev., VIII, 328). Additional Cases. — Railway Co. v. Rock, 4 Wall., 177; Thayer, Cases, 1534. — Eustis v. Bolles, 150 U. S., 361; Thayer, Cases, 1538. — Gelpcke v. Dubuque, 1 Wallace, 175; Thayer, Cases, 1541; McClain, Cases, 802. — Louisiana v. Jumel, 107 U. S., 711; Thayer, Cases, 1559. — New Jersey v. Wilson, 7 Cranch, 164; Thayer, Cases, 1561. — Sturges v. § 144] HISTORICAL 245 Crowninshield, 4 Wheaton, 122; 4 Curtis, 362; Thayer, Cases, 1582; McClain, Cases, 438; Boyd, Cases, 405; John Marshall, Writings, 147. — Ogden v. Saunders, 12 Wheaton, 213; 7 Curtis, 132; Thayer, Cases, 1590; Boyd, Cases, 431; John Marshall, Writings, 624. — Satterlee v. Matthewson, 2 Peters, 380; 8 Curtis, 147; Thayer, Cases, 1617. — Provi- dence Bank v. Billings, 4 Peters, 514; 9 Curtis, 171; Thayer, Cases, 1623; McClain, Cases, lOUn; Boyd, Cases, 459.— Charles River Bridge i\ Warren Bridge, 11 Peters, 420; 12 Curtis, 496; Thayer, Cases, 1628; Boyd, Cases, 451.— Bronson v. Kinzie, 1 Howard, 311; 14 Curtis, 628; Thayer, Cases, 1645; McClain, Cases, 1028. — Von Hoffman v. Quincy, 4 Wallace, 535; Thayer, Cases, 1654. — Mobile & Ohio R. R. Co. V. Tennessee, 153 U. S., 486; Thayer, Cases, 1684. — Tomlinson v. Jessup, 15 Wallace, 454; Thayer, Cases, 1690. — Sinking Fund Cases, 99 U. S., 700; Thayer, Cases, 1693.— Greenwood v. Freight Co., 105 U. S., 13; Thayer, Cases, 1710. — Bridge Co. v. United States, 105 U. S., 470; Thayer, Cases, 1719. — Railroad Commission Cases, 116 U. S., 307; Thayer, Cases, 1733. — N. Y., L. E., & W. R. R. Co. v. Pennsylvania, 153 U. S., 628; Thayer, Cases, 1741.— Reagan v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., 154 U. S., 362; Thayer, Cases, 1745. — The Binghamton Bridge, 3 Wal- lace, 51; Thayer, Cases, 1753. — Fertilizing Co. v. Hyde Park, 97 U. S., 659; Thayer, Cases, 1762. — Stone v. Miss- issippi, 101 U. S., 814; Thayer, Cases, 1771; McClain, Cases, 1016n. — Butchers' Union Co. v. Crescent City Co., Ill U. S. 746; Thayer, Cases, 537. — New Orleans Gas Co. v. Louisiana Light Co., 115 U. S., 650; Thayer, Cases, 1773; McClain, Cases, 1017n. — Illinois Central R. R. v. Illinois, 146 U. S., 387; Thayer, Cases, 1718. — Watson v. Mercer, 8 Peters, 88; 11 Curtis, 38; Thayer, Cases, 1443. — Woodruff v. Trapnall, 10 Howard, 190; 18 Curtis, 358; McClain, Cases, 998. — Antoni v. Greenhow, 114 U. S., 270; McClain, Cases, 469w. — Wilson v. Standefer, 184 U. S., 399. — Northern 246 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 14^ Central R. R. Co. v. Maryland, 187 U. S., 258. — Wright v. Minnesota Mutual Life Ins. Co., 193 U. S., 657. — Hooker v. Burr, 194 U. S., 415. — Union Pacific R. R. Co. v. Mason City & Ft. Dodge Ry. Co., 199 U. S., 160. — Manigault v. Springs, 199 U. S., 473. Additional Historical Discussions. — H. C. Lodge, Daniel Webster, 72-98. — G. Van Santvoord, Lives of Chief Justices, 411-413, 450-459. — W. W. Story, Joseph Story, I, 321-322. — G. T. Curtis, Daniel Webster, I, 162-171.— W. G. Sumner, Andrew Jackson, 128-130. — J. J. Lalor, Cijclopoedia, III, 1129, 1130. — W. M. Meigs, Growth of the Constitution, 182-186, 311. — S. G. Fisher, Evolution of the Constitution, 262-264. Specimen Questions. — (l)May Congress pass a bank- ruptcy law applying to debts contracted before the date of the act? — (2) May a State revoke the charter of a rail- road? — (3) May a State pass an act repudiating the pay- ment of its debts? § 145. Paper No. 11. Application of the Monroe Doctrine. Bibliography. — ikfariwa/, §§37, 38, 77, 86, 121, 122, 175, 183, 186, 196. Select Historical Discussions. — J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, §§944-967; W. F. Reddaway, Monroe Doctrine. — J. B. McMaster, With the Fathers, 1-54. — A. B. Hart, Mon- roe Doctrine in its Territorial Extent and Application. — A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. vii. Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 7, § 1; sect. 8^ §§ 3, 10-15, 18; sect. 9, §§ 1, 6, 7; sect. 10; Art. II, sect. 1, § 1; sect. 2; Art. Ill, sect. 2, §§ 1, 2; Art. VI, §§ 1, 2. — Washington's Farewell Address, Am. State Papers, For- eign, I, 34-38; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, 1, 213-224. — Spanish Am. Colonies, Am. State Papers, Foreign, III, 538-545; State Papers, 15 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 48; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 218; Am. Hist. Leaf- lets, No. 4. § 145] HISTORICAL 247 Message of 1823. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 147-150; IV, §§179-195. — W. C. Ford, John Quincy Adams and the Monroe Doctrine (Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, Jan., 1902). — Old South Leaflets, No. 56. — W. MacDonalcl, Select Docu- ments, No. 43. — J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 207-220. — R. Rush, Memoirs of a Residence at the Court of London, 391-475. — J. Q. Adams, Memoirs, VI, 163, 177-180, 186-198, 202, 207. — T. Jefferson, Writings (Washington ed.), VII, 315-317. — J. Madison, Writings, III, 339-355. Later Applications. — Presidential Messages, J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, I, 183, 221, 361, 488; II, 105, 116, 218, 260, 319, 334, 512; IV, 398, 512, 540, 582; VII, 61, 100, 129; IX, 632, 655. — Panama Congress, House Executive Documents, 19 Cong., 1 sess., No. 137; 19 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 23. — Mexico and Yucatan, J. K. Polk in J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, IV, 385- 416, 471-506, 581-583. — Isthmian Canal, Senate Execu- tive Documents, 32 Cong., 1 sess.. No. 7; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 4. — Central American Question, House Executive Documents, 34 Cong., 1 sess., No. 1. — Mexican Affairs (1865-1867), House Executive Documents, 39 Cong., 1 sess., Nos. 6, 20, 56, 73, 93, 137; 39 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 76; 40 Cong., 1 sess.. No. 20. — Cuba (1868-1870), Senate Execu- tive Documents, 41 Cong., 1 sess.. No. 99. — Venezuelan Question (1895), Senate Documents, 54 Cong., 1 sess. (1895- 1896), Nos. 31, 189, 195, 804, 806; Senate Documents, 58 Cong., 2 sess., No. 316. — ^m. Hist. Leaflets, No. 2. — W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 89. Additional Legal Discussions. — C. Calvo, Droit In- ternational, I, 266, 355. — T. J. Lawrence, Principles of International Law, 131-135, 247-251. — R. Phillimore, /n-" ternational Law, I, 433-483. — R. H. Dana, Wheaton's International Law, 97-113. — F. Wharton, •Commentaries, §§ 174, 175. — D. Webster, Works, III, 178, 201-207. 248 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 145 Additional Historical Discussions. — J. H. Latane, Diplomatic Relations of Latin America. — A. T. Mahan, Les- sons of the War with Spain, 207-241. — J. B. Moore, Am. Diplomacy, 131-168. — T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, 228-246. — G. F. Tucker, Monroe Doctrine. — J. Schouler, United States, III, 280-304, 329-332, 358-366; IV, 532, 533; V, 219, 311-315; VI, 427-436, 535, 621, 622. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, VI, 205-211. — F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xii. — E. B. Andrews, Last Quarter Century, II, ch. i. — D. C. Oilman, James Monroe, 159-179. —J. T. Morse, John Quincy Adams, 129-149.— T. K. Lothrop, IF. H. Seward, 387-395. — F. Bancroft, IF. H. Seward, II, 419-442. — J. B. Moore, A Hundred Years of American Diplomacy (Harvard Law Review, XIV, 165). — T. B. Edgington, Monroe Doctrine. — J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, ch. xii. — S. M. Hamilton, Monroe Doctrine. — J. A. Kasson, Evolution of the Constitution, 221-273. Specimen Questions. — (1) Was the attempt to con- struct a Panama canal by a French company contrary to the Monroe Doctrine? — (2) Would a German protectorate of Brazil be contrary to the Monroe Doctrine? — (3) Would an independent Canadian kingdom be contrary to the Monroe Doctrine? § 146. Paper No. 12. State Authority over Local and Municipal Governments. Bibliography. — Manual, § 207. Select Discussions. — J. A. Fairlie, Local Government, Part iv, 215-272. — F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, chs. ii, iii, iv. — F. J. Goodnow, City Government in the U. S., chs. ii-iv. — II. S. Abbott, Municipal Corporations, §§11, 82-97. — A. M. Eaton, Right to Local Self Government (Har- vard Law Review), XIII, 441, 570, 638; XIV, 20, 116; XV, 468. — H. Hubbard, Special Legislation for Municipalities (Harvard Law Review, XVIII, 588). § 146] HISTORICAL 249 Select Cases. — Berlin v. Gorham, 34 N. H., 262; Smith, Cases, 1. — Laramie County v. Albany County, 92 U. S., 307; Smith, Cases, 3. — People v. Draper, 15 N. Y., 532. — People v. Hurlbut, 24 Mich., 44; Smith, Cases, 27. — Wisconsin v. Haben, 22 Wis., 660; Smith, Cases, 37.— San Antonio Traction Co. v. Altgelt, 200 U. S., 304. Additional Discussions. — F. J. Goodnow, Adminis- trative Law of the U. S., Bk. Ill, chs. i, iii, iv. — F. J. Good- now, Municipal Home Rule, chs. ii-v. — J. F. Dillon, Muni- cipal Corporations, §§37-80.- — ^ J. D. Andrews, Am. Law, §§420-438, 450-460. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, §§184, 185. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, 261-269, 334-355, 364n. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 378-381. — J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration, ch. v. — A. B. Hart, Actual Government, chs. x, xi, esp. § 89. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 309, 315-329. — R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 46&-470. Additional Federal Cases. — Commissioners v. Lucas, 93 U. S., 108. — Mt. Pleasant v. Beckwith, 100 U. S., 514. — Railroad Co. v. Ellerman, 105 U. S., 166. — Cargill v. Duffy, 123 Fed., 721. — Columbus v. Union Pacific R. R. Co., 137 Fed., 869; 70 C. C. A., 207. — Memphis v. Postal Telegraph & Cable Co., 145 Fed., 602. Additional State Cases. — Warren v. Mayor of Charles- town, 2 Gray (Mass.), 104. — Mills v. Williams, 11 Iredell, 558. — State v. Curran, 7 English, 321. — Fire Depart- ment V. Kip, 10 Wendell (N. Y.), 267. — People v. Morris, 13 Wendell (N. Y.), 337. — Chandler v. Boston, 112 Mass., 200; Smith, Coses, 2. — McKim v. Odom, 3 Bland., 407.— St. Louis V. Allen, 13 Mo., 400. — The Schools v. Tatman, 13 111., 27. — Yarmouth v. Skillings, 45 Me., 141. — Wind- ham V. Portland, 4 Mass., 389. — School Soc. v. School Soc, 14 Conn., 469. — Montpelier v. East Montpelier, 29 Vt., 20. — Waring v. Mayor, 24 Ala., 701. — Russel v. Reed, 27 Penn. St., 170. — Bristol v. New Chester, 3 N. H., 534. — 250 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 145 Johnson v. City of San Diego, 109 Cal., 468; Smith, Cases, 9. — Bloomfield v. Glen Ridge. 55 N. J. Eq., 276; Smith,, Cases, 14. — Indianapolis v. Center Township, 143 Ind., 391; Smith, Cases, 19. — State v. Williams, 68 Conn., 131; Smith, Cases, 21. — Norwich v. County Commissioners, 13 Pick. (Mass.), 60. — Rochester v. Roberts, 29 N. H., 360. — Philadelphia v. Field, 55 Penn. State, 320. — Simon v. Northup, 25 Ore., 487; 40 Pac, 560. — People v. Flagg, 46 N. Y., 401. — Commonwealth v. Plaisted, 148 Mass., 375; 19 N. E., 224. — Darlington v. Mayor of New York, 31 N. Y., 164; Smith, Cases, 40. — Proprietors of Mt. Hope Cemetery v. Boston, 158 Mass., 509; Smith, Cases, 46. Specimen Questions. — (1) May a city ordinance be rescinded by the state legislature? — (2) Should local financial officers be subject to the supervision of a state treasurer? — (3) Should city charters be irrepealable with- out the consent of a majority of the voters in the city? § 147. Paper No. 13. Jacksonian Democracy. Bibliography. — Mawwai, §§ 39, 40, 142; Guide, § 181. Select Discussions. — W. G. Brown, Andrew Jackson, — W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy {Am. Nation, XV), ch. xviii. — H. C. Peck, Jacksonian Epoch, chs. iv-viii. — J. W. Burgess, Middle Period, 163-241. — J. Parton, Andrew Jackson. — A. D. Morse, Political Influence of Andrew Jackson {Pol. Sci. Quarterly, I, 153-162). Sources. — Characteristic Writings of Jackson, J. Par- ton, Andrew Jackson, II, 433, 518-528, 552, 584, 671; III, 34-36, 40-43, 72, 73, 75, 112, 186, 196, 225, 294, 330-332, 347-359, 370, 515, 624, 638, 662; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 436 (first inaugural), 447-463, 500, 544, 576, 591; III, 3 (second inaugural), 3-308, esp. 19, 97, 147, 171, 292. — W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 46, 50-52, 54, 55, 57, 62, 64, 65. — ylm. History Leaflets, No. 24.— § 147] HISTORICAL 251 Contemporaries, III, §§ 158-164. — C. A. Davis, Letters of J. Downing, Major. — J. Q. Adams, Memoirs, VIII-X, passim. — D. Webster, Works, I, 237, 267, 292, 345, 360, 364, 421; II, 11, 12, 315; III, 416; IV, 103, 351, 477. — M. Chev- alier, Society in the U. S., chs. xvi, xvii. — A. de Tocque- ville. Democracy in America, ch. xiii. — Clay in C. Colton, Private Correspondence of Henry Clay; H. Clay, Works, IV, chs. vii-xi; C. Colton, Life and Times of Henry Clay, I, II. — A. Kendall, Autobiography, chs. xii-xv. — B. P. Poore, Perley's Reminiscences, 1, chs. vi, vii, x-xiii. — J. Quincy, Figures of the Past, 352-375. — T. H. Benton, Speech on the Expunging Resolution in A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 320. Additional Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, Constitu- tional Hist., II, ch. i. — Goldwin Smith, United States, 191- 206. — R. H. Gillet, Democracy in the United States, 67, 68, 133-145. — W. G. Sumner, Andrew Jackson, chs. vii-xvi. — G. Tucker, United States, IV, chs. xxvi-xxix. — T. H. Benton, Thirty Years' View, I, 119-734. — J. Schouler, United States, IV, chs. xiii, xiv. — J. B. McMaster, United States, V, ch. lii; VI, chs. liv, Iv, Ivii, lix. — C. Schurz, Henry Clay, chs. ix-xviii. — J. T. Morse, John Quincy Adams, 158-163, 169-175, 184-187, 195-242. — N. Sar- gent, Public Men and Events, I, 35-41, 56-74, 137, 141- 146, 151-349. — H. A. Wise, Seven Decades, chs. v, vii. — A. C. McLaughlin, Lewis Cass, ch. v. — G. T. Curtis, Daniel Webster, 1, chs. xvi-xx. — A. Kendall, Andrew Jackson. Specimen Questions. — (1) Did Jackson believe that the President could construe the Constitution contrary to a decision of the Supreme Court? — (2) Was Jackson re- sponsible for the spoils system in national politics? — (3) * Was Jackson an advocate of the smallest possible action of national government? 252 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 148 § 148. Paper No. 14. Political and Constitutional Issues of Protection. Bibliography. — ManwaZ, §§117, 118, 138, 143, 161, 220, 221; Guide, §§ 158, 185, 195. Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, Com- mentaries, §§1077-1097. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 133, 244, 271-281. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, ch. vii. Select Historical Discussions. — W. Hill, First Stages of Tariff Policy of the U. S. — W. McKinley, The Tariff in the Days of Henry Clay and Since. — F. W. Taussig, Tariff History of the U. S. — D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist, of the U. S., §§ 35, 36, 73, 78-84, 102, 107, 113, 127, 167, 180, 187, 192, 196. — Chapters on the tariff in The American Nation, as follows: (1789) J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am. Nation, XI), ch. ii; (1816), K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xiv; (1820-1828), F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West (Am. Nation, XIV), chs. xiv, xix; (1832-1833), W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), chs. v, ix; (1846), G. P. Garrison, West- ward Extension (Am. Nation, XVII), ch. xii; (1866-1883), E. E. Sparks, National Development (Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. xvii; (1890-1894), D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), chs. iv, xi, xvii. Select Cases. — Field v. Clark, 143 U. S., 649. — U. S. V. Realty Co., 163 U. S., 467. — In re Schallenberger, 73 Fed., 491. General Sources. — F. W. Taussig, State Papers and Speeches on the Tariff. — A. Johnston, Am. Orations, IV, 191-269. — U. S. Constitution, Preamble, Art. I, sect. 1; sect. 8, §§1, 3; sect. 18. — Federalist (Dawson ed.), 37, 58, 65, 78, 79, 216, 218; (Ford ed.), 18, 268; (Scott ed.), 168-170. — 'A. Hamilton, Report on Manufactures, Works (ed. 1850), III, 192-284; (Lodge ed.). Ill, 294-416; Taussig, State Papers, 1; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 2. — Act of § 148] HISTORICAL 253 July 4, 1789, U. S. Statutes at Large, I, 24-37. — Washing- ton's opinions, in his Writings, XII, 9, 69, 70. — Jefferson's opinions in his Works, V, 415, 417, 440; VI, 431, 521-523; VII, 427. — Opinion of Madison in his W^ritings, I, 479- 483; III, 42, 43; J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 600. — Clay's Speeches, F. W. Taussig, State Papers, 252; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, IV, 191-202; D. Mallory, Life and Speeches of Henry Clay, I, 195, 289, 405, 440, 582, 586; II, 5, 106, 122, 139, 532. — Webster's Speeches, Works, III, 94, 228, 304; IV, 528; V, 161-243. —A. Gallatin, Free Trade Me- morial in F. W. Taussig, State Papers, 108. — Walker's Report of 1845, in F. W. Taussig, State Papers, 2U. — Protest of South Carolina, J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 580. — F. H. Hurd's Speech in A. Johnston, Am. Orations, IV, 238. — Calhoun's Opinions, Works, II, 163-173; VI, 2-29. — Clay's Report of 1830, in T. H. Benton, Abridgment, XI, 446. — Jack- son's views, J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 514, 601; III, 56, 161; Contemporaries, III, §§ 22, 78, 130; IV, § 166. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, 1, 498-502. — F.Wharton, Commentaries, §§ 414, 415. -<^R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§606-610. Additional Cases. — Allen v. Smith, 173 U. S., 389. — Calder v. Henderson, 54 Fed., 802; 4 C. C. A., 584. — Bar- row V. Milliken, 74 Fed., 612; 20 C. C. A., 559. Additional Historical Discussions. — E. Stanwood, Am. Tariff Controversies, 1, ch. ix. — R. W. Thompson, History of Protective Tariff Laws. — 0. L. Elliott, Tariff Contro- versy.— i. F. Rhodes, United States, I, 194, 422; II, 360, 464, 479, 480, 480n, 498, 499n; III, 27-38, 58, 59; VI, 219, 222, 275-280. — H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Hist., I, 398-405; II, 186-188. — J. Schouler, United States, I, 86- 90, 186-188; IV, 230. — H. C. Lodge, Daniel Webster, 159- 171. — H. C. Lodge, Alexander Hamilton, 107-113. — J. W. Burgess, Middle Period, ch. viii. — W. G. Sumner, Lectures^ 254 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 148 on the History of Protection, 21-33. — J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, 1, ch. ix. Specimen Questions. — (1) May Congress prohibit the exportation of kerosene? — (2) May Congress grant boun- ties on the production of wheat? — (3) May Congress remit duties on pictures intended to form a municipal art gallery? § 149. Paper No. 15. Doctrine of Nullification. Bibliography. — Manual, § 156; Guide, §§ 156, 183,205. Select Constitutional Discussions. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, 5, 15-40. — J. N. Pomeroy, Con- stitutional Law, §§25-44, 93-150. — C. B. Loring, Nullifi- cation and Secession. — A, H. Stephens, War between the States, I, 419-446. Select Cases. — Texas v. White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, Cases, 302; McClain, Cases, 838; Boyd, Cases, 552. — McCuUoch V. Maryland, 4 Wheaton, 316; 4 Curtis, 415; Thayer, Cases, 271; McClain, Cases, 1; Boyd, Cases, 308. — Cohens v. Virginia, 6 Wheaton, 264; 5 Curtis, 82; Thayer, Cases, 285. Select Historical Discussions. — D, F. Houston, Nul- lification in South Carolina. — F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xix. — W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), chs. v, vi, ix. — J. W. Burgess, Middle Period, ch. x. — J. S. Landon, Con- stitutional Hist., 187-198. Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Preamble; Art. I, sect. 2, § 4; sect. 4, § 1; sect. 8, § 15; sect. 10; Art. Ill, sect. 2, §23; sect. 3, § 1; Art. IV; Art. VI; Amends. X; XL — Hayne's Speech, Congressional Debates, 21 Cong., 1 sess., VI, 43-58; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 233; T. H. Benton, Abridgment, X, 423-449. — Webster's Reply, Con- gressional Debates, 21 Cong., 1 sess., VI, 58-80; A. John- ston, Am. Orations, I, 248; D. Webster, TVorks, III, 270-342, 449-505. — Comments on Webster's Reply, A. H. § 149] HISTORICAL 255 Stephens, War between the States, I, 298-355. — Extracts from the two speeches, W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 47-49; Contemporaries, III, § 159; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 30. — Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition, Works, VI, 1. — Calhoun's Speech against Webster, A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 303, Am. Hist Leaflets, No. 30; Contempo- raries, III, §161. — Debate on State Rights, J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 496. — James Madison, Writings, IV, 18-20, 44, 80, 102, 196, 224. — Documents in Niles's Register, XLIII, suppl. — Ordinance of Nullification, H. W. Preston, Documents, 300-303; Niles's Register, XLIII, suppl; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 53. — Jackson's Procla- mation, J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 640; J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 582; Niles's Register, XLIII, 260; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 55. — Andrew Jack- son's Nullification Message, J. D. Richardson, Messages und Papers, II, 610. — Letters on the Nullification Move- ment (Am. Hist. Rev., VI, 725-765; VII, 92-119). — Fed- eralist (Ford ed.), 100-102, 140, 173, 203; (Scott ed.), 247- 265. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — R. Foster, Commentaries, I, 125-158. — J. Davis, Confederate Govern- ment, I, 184, 221, 222. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§306- 340, 350-372. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 30, 134. — H. Von Hoist, United States, I, 396-408. — E. P. Powell, Nullification and Secession. — T. H. Benton, Thirty Years' View, I, 334-362. Additional Cases. — Lane County v. Oregon, 7 Wallace, 71 ; McClain, Cases, 40. — Legal Tender Cases, 12 Wallace. 457, 554. Additional Historical Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, John C. Calhoun, 96-103. — T. H. Benton, Thirty Years' View, I, 138-149, 167-180, 297-299. — T. Roosevelt, Thomas H. Benton, 88-105. — H. C. Lodge, Daniel Webster, 171-204. — G. T. Curtis, Daniel Webster, I, 351-366.— 256 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 149 J. Schouler, United States, III, 482-488. — H. A. Wise, Seven Decades, 121-135. — J. W. Draper, Civil War, I, 370-380. — E. G. Scott, Reconstruction during Civil War, 3, 192-205. — J. J. Lalor, Cyclopoedia, II, 234, 1050-1055; III, 734. — See also A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.). Specimen Questions. — (1) May Congress under any circumstances annul a State statute? — (2) Is it treasonable to refuse obedience to an act of Congress? — (3) May Con- gress compel a State court to permit an appeal to the United States Supreme Court? § 150. Paper No. 16. Arguments for and against Slavery. Bibliography. — Manual, § § 39, 40, 43, 44, 253. — Guide, §§186, 187. — A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition {Am. Nation, XVI), ch. xxii. Select Historical and Economic Discussions. — A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition (Am. Nation, XVI), chs. iv-x, xxi. — F. E. Chadwick, Causes of the Civil War (Am. Nation, XIX), chs. i-iii. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, I, ch. iv. — H. Von Hoist, United States, I, ch. ix. — J. Schouler, United States, II, 239-241; III, ch. xvii; IV, 203-209. — W. G. Brown, The Lower South. Select Contemporary Discussions. — W. G. Simmons and others, Pro-Slavery Argument (strong defense). — M. Adams, South Side View of Slavery (mild defense). — H. R. Helper, Impending Crisis (criticism by a poor white). — W. Goodell, Slavery and anti-slavery (strong criticism). — Contemporaries, III, §§ 10, 169-184. — Governor McDuf- fie in Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 10 (extreme defense). Select Contemporary Descriptions of Slavery. — F. L. Olmsted, Seaboard Slave States, chs. iii, viii, x. — F. L. Olmsted, Texas Journey, ch. vii. — F. L. Olmsted, Back Country, chs. ii, viii, x. — T. Jefferson, Notes on Vir- ginia (ed. of 1787), 228-273. — F. Douglass, My Bondage and Freedom. — Susan D. Smedes, Memoirs of a Southern § 150] HISTORICAL 257 Planter. — Contemporaries, I, §§ 86-88; II, §§ 102-108; III, §§ 169-173; IV, §§ 23-28. — Source-Book, §§ 94-99. Sf:lect Constitutional Discussions. — J. C. Hurd, Law of Freedom and Bondage, I, chs. xii-xvi; II, chs. xxv- xxxi. — T. R. R. Cobb, Law of Negro Slavenj, 116-225.— T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 233-240. — H. Von Hoist, John C. Calhoun, 124-183. Additional Constitutional and Political Sources. — Speeches of John Quincy Adams, J. C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster, Wendell Phillips, Charles Sumner, S. P. Chase, Edward Everett, S. A. Douglas, J. P. Benjamin, W. H. Seward, Abraham Lincoln, in A. Johnston, Am. Orations, II, 115, 123, 161, 219, 268; III, 3, 32, 50, 84, 88, 129, 154, 168, 195. — W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 4, 35-40, 69, 78, 82, 85, 93, 96. — G. M. Stroud, Slave Laws. Additional Descriptive Sources. — F. Douglass, Life and Times. — S. Northrup, Twelve Years a Slave. — J. H. Hopkins, View of Slavery. — S. Nott, Slavery and the Remedy. — C. Elliot, Sinfulness of American Slavery. — A. Barnes, Scriptural View of Slavery. — D. R. Goodwin, Southern Slavery in its Present Aspects. — F. A. Kemble, Journal of a Residence on a Georgia Plantation. — F. A. Child, Authentic Anecdotes of Am. Slavery. Select Monographs on Phases of Slavery. — M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves. — W. H. Siebert, Underground Railroad. — M. Tremaine, Slavery in the District of Colum- bia. — W, E. B. DuBois, Suppression of the African Slave Trade. — M. B. Hammond, The Cotton Industry. — J. H. T. McPherson, Hist, of Liberia. — W. M. Collins, Domestic Slave Trade. — S. B. Weeks, Anti-Slavery Sentiment in the South. — J. E. Cutler, Lynch Law. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§1915-1927. — R. Foster, Commentaries, 158-163. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, II, 554, 555, 629- 634. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, §§116-118. — F. Wharton, Commentaries, §§ 181, 182. 258 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 150 Additional Historical Discussions. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, I, ch. i. — J. Davis, Confederate Govern- ment, 1, chs. i, ii, V. — J. E. Cairnes, Slave Power, chs. ii- vi. — H. Greeley, Am. Conflict, I, chs. vi, xvi. — J. Schouler, United States, 1, 143-150; II, 57-59, 125-130; III, 133- 173; IV, 203-224; V, 195-199, 376-381.— H. Von Hoist, United States, I, chs. vii-ix; II, chs. ii, iv; III, chs. xvi; VI, ch. i. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, 37, 231- 256. — G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension {Am. Nation, XVII), ch. xix. — J. W. Burgess, Middle Period, chs. iii, xi, xviii, xxi. — J. B. McMaster, United States, III, 515- 527; V, 184-226. — C. Schurz, Henry Clay, chs. viii, xvii, xxi, xxvi. — A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, chs. iii, v, x. — S. W. McCall, Thaddeus Stevens, 72-88, 129-135, 210-228. — T. K. Lothrop, W. H. Seivord, chs. iv, v, vii, x. — J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., ch. xi. Specimen Questions. — (1) Did slavery make more rapid the opening of lands to cultivation? — (2) Did slavery pro- duce more for the white race in general than they would have received under a system of white labor? — (3) Was slavery unfavorable to the improvement of agricultural pro- cesses on large plantations? § 151. Paper No. 17. Governmental Powers of the States. Bibliography. — Manual, § 207. Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, I, 256-324. — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§16-22, 173-176. — W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional Sijstem, chs. i-x, xix. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limita- tions, chs. i, iii-v, xv, xvi. — W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction {Am. Nation, XXII), chs. i, iv, vi, xi, xvi. Select Cases. — Cohen v. Virginia, 6 Wheaton, 264; 5 Curtis, 82; Thayer, Cases, 285. — U. S. v. Cruikshank, 92 U. S., 542; McClain, Cases, 31. — Livingston v. Van Ingen, 9 Johnson (N. Y.), 705; Thayer, Cases, 266.— § 151] HISTORICAL 259 Lane 'County v. Oregon, 7 Wallace, 71; McClain, Cases, 40. — Kansas v. Colorado, 27 Sup. Ct. Rep., 655; 206 U. S., 46. Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 10, Amend. X. — Federalist (Scott ed.), 93, 254-265; (Ford ed.), 87-105, 197-200, 310-319. — Messages of the Presidents, in J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, I, 409, 456, 489, 490, 555, 584; II, 18, 142, 144; V, 431, 450, 497, 543, 553, 599, 608, 614, 619, 626, 639, 655; VI, 5, 20, 68, 73, 85, 134; VIII, 375, 407, 411, 557, 778, 827, 837; IX, 492, 598, 677. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — T. M. €ooley, Constikitional Law, 29-32, 36, 37, 70, 83, 91, 92, 132-134, 161-163, 187-217, 250-263, 338-342, 363-377, 381-390. — R. Foster, Commentaries, I, 273-278. — W. 0. Bateman, Constitutional Law, §§ 134-136, 189-192, 300-301. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, chs. ii, xi, xiii. — J. D. Andrews, Am. Law, §§ 125-127, 149, 150, 153-161, 236, 384-386. — A. B. Hart, Actual Government, §§ 53-58. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 15, 30, 94, 521, 632. — J. A. Jameson, Constitutional Conventions, §§89-95. — S. F. Mill6r, Constitution, ch. xii. — J. Ordronaux, Con- stitutional Legislation, ch. iii, also 362-365. — J. N. Pome- Toy, Constitutional Law, §§43, 133, 152-164, 537. — F. Wharton, Commentaries, §§376-382. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, 61-73, 342-361. — E. McClain, Federal Pro- tection against State Power {Harvard Law Review, VI, 405). — A. M. Eaton, Recent State Constitutions (Harvard Law Review, VI, 53, 109). Additional Cases. — Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wheaton, 304; 3 Curtis, 562; Thayer, Cases, 123. — Rail- road Company v. Otoe, 16 Wallace, 667; Thayer, Cases, 1256ri. — Texas v. White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, Cases, 302; Boyd, Cases, 552. — Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U. S., 1; Thayer, Cases, 293; McClain, Cases, 702. — Civil Rights Cases, 109 U. S., 3; Thayer, Cases, 554; McClain, Cases, 37. 260 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 151 — Virginia v. Rives, 100 U. S., 313. — Ex parte Virginia, 100 U. S., 339. — Tarble's Cases, 13 Wallace, 397; McClain, Cases, 43. — Ableman v. Booth, 21 Howard, 506. — Tennesee v. Davis, 100 U. S., 257; McClain, Cases, 51. — Ex parte Siebold, 100 U. S., 371; McClain, Cases, 56.— Hanenstein v. Lynham, 100 U. S., 483; McClain, Cases, 72. — Martin v. Waddell, 16 Peters. 367, 410. — Barney V. Keokuk, 94 U. S., 324. — Hardin v. Jordan, 140 U. S., 371. — Kean v. Calumet Canal and Improvement Co., 190 U. S., 452. — South Carolina v. U. S., 199 U. S., 437. — Louisiana v. Mississippi, 202 U. S., 1. Select Historical Discussions. — G. T. Curtis, Con- stitutional Hist., I, 517, 557, 592, 603; II, 122, 163-166. — W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy {Am. Nation, XV), ch. XV. Specimen Questions. — (1) May a state by charter give to a corporation the right to operate in another state? — (2) May a state make burning alive a penalty for murder? — (3) May a state legislature confer power on the governor not conferred by the State Constitution? § 152. Paper No. 18. Ethics of the Mexican War. Bibliography. — Manual, § § 43, 44, 79, 80. — Guide, §§193, 194. Select Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, United States, HI, chs. iii, xi. — G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension (Am. Nation, XVII), chs. xiii, xiv, xv. — J. Schouler, United States, IV, 518-543; V, 1-84. Select Sources. — Source-Book, § 104. — Contempora- ries, IV, §§ 7-14. — J. R. Lowell, Bigelow Papers. — Con- gressional Globe, 29 Cong., 30 Cong. (1845-49). — T. H. Benton, Abridgment, XV, XVI. — Senate Documents, 29 Cong., 1 sess., I, No. 1; VII, No. 337; VIII, No. 388; Ibid., 29 Cong., 2 sess., Ill, No. 107; Ibid., 30 Cong., 1 sess., VII, Nos. 52, 60; House Executive Documents, 29 Cong., 1 sess., § 153] HISTORICAL 261 VI, No. 196; Ibid., 29 Cong., 2 sess., Ill, No. 19; Ibid., 30 Cong., 1 sess., II, No. 8; VIII, No. 69. — Messages of Polk, J. D. Richardson, Messages, IV, 437-460, 471, 479, 482, 513, 533, 565, 587, 631. — T. H. Benton, Thirty Years' View, I, chs. cxlix, clxi. — J. C. Calhoun, Works, IV. — D. Webster, Works, V, 151, 253-301. — J. Q. Adams, Memoirs, XVI. — U. S. Grant, Personal Memoirs, I, chs. iii-xiii. Additional Discussions. — E. G. Bourne, Essays in Hist. Criticism, No. 9. — H. Von Hoist, John C. Calhoun, ch. iv. — C. Schurz, Henry Clay, II, ch. xxv. — J. Winsor, Narrative and Critical Hist, VII, 292, 408-412, 505-507.— H. C. Lodge, Daniel Webster, 290-294. — H. Greeley, Am. Conflict, I, ch. xiv. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, I, 87- 94. — Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, I, chs. xiv, xv. — J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress. I, ch. iv. — J. H. Patton, Democratic Party, 122-130. — G. T. Curtis, Daniel Webster, II, 290-293, 301-307. — G. T. Curtis, James Buchanan, I, ch. xxi. — ^ H. Wilson, Slave Power, II, chs. ii, iii. — H. H. Bancroft, Pacific States, VIII, ch. xiii. — W. Jay, Review of the Mexican War. — J. S. Jenkins, James Knox Polk, ch. ix. — L. B. Chase, Polk Administration, chs. v-ix. — P. Young, History of Mexico, Book II, chs. i, v. Specimen Questions. — (1) Was the failure of the Sli- dell mission a sufficient- reason for war? — (2) Was the conquest of California a reasonable incident of war against Mexico? — (3) Were the unsettled claims a sufficient reason for war? § 153. Paper No. 19. Control of Acquired Temtoiy. Bibliography. — MonwaZ, §§ 178, 218, 219. Select Constitutional Discussions. — W. W. Wil- loughby, Territories and Dependencies, chs. i, ii. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, 362-397. — H. W. Bikle, Con- stitutional Power of Congress over Territory. — J. Story, 262 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 153 Commentaries, §§ 150, 151, 208, 1282-1289, 1317, 1319- 1321. — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 185, 186. Select Cases. — American Insurance Co. v. Canter, 1 Peters, 311; 7 Curtis, 685; Thayer, Cases, 350; McClain,, Cases, 827; Boyd, Cases, 583. — Jones v. U. S., 137 U. S., 202; Thayer, Cases, 364. — Fleming v. Page, 9 Howard, 603; 18 Curtis, 278. — Cross v. Harrison, 16 Howard, 164; 21 Curtis, 66. — Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U. S., 244. Select Historical Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, United States, III, 308, 322, 351, 385-401, 422-430, 442-455.— J. F. Rhodes, United States, 1, 424-484. — J. Schouler^ United States, V, 97-100, 115-119, 157-190, 289-293. Select Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 8^ §§ 17, 18; Art. IV, sect. 3, § 2; Art. VI, § 2; Amend- ments I, VIII, X. — Calhoun's Resolutions (Feb. 19, 1847), Works, IV, 346-349, 498; Congressional Globe, 29 Cong., 2 sess., 453, 455. — A. H. Stephens, War between the States, II, 166-168. — Walker's Amendment of 1849, Congressional Globe, 30 Cong., 2 sess., 561. — Debate on Territories,. Congressional Globe, 30 Cong., 2 sess., App. 265-289; D. Webster, Works, V, 30-312. — J. C. Calhoun, Works, IV,, S36-^9Q. — Contemporaries, 111, §§ 111-115; IV, §§ 186-191. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — W. A. Suth- erland, Notes on the Constitution, 187, 472, 508, 596-600. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 182-186. — J. D. Andrews, Am. Law, ch. ix. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, 20. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, §§483— 489. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, II, 605-610. — W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, 11-14, 17. — A. P. Morse, Civil and Political Status of Inhabitants of Ceded Territories (Harvard Law Review, XIV, 262). — E. McClain, The Hawaiian Case {Harvard Law Review, XVII, 386). Additional Historical Discussions. — T. Donaldson, Public Domain, 56-88, 416-464. — G. T. Curtis, Constitu- tional Hist., I, 532, 542, 544; II, 198, 199, 227. — T. Roose- § 154] HISTORICAL 263 velt, Thomas H. Benton, 317-340. — T. H. Benton, Thirty Years' View, II, 696-700, 713-715, 721-726, 729-736.— H. Von Hoist, John C. Calhoun, 288-307. — G. T. Curtis, Daniel Webster, II, 360-373. — A. L. Lowell, Colonial Expansion of the United States (Atlantic Monthly, LXXXIII, 145). — C. E. Boyd, Government of Newly Acquired Terri- tory (Ibid, LXXXII, 735). — A. B. Hart, Foundations, chs. v, vi, §§ 42-67. — H. P. Judson, Am. Federal Constitution and Expansion (Review of Reviews, XIX, 67; XXI, 451). Additional Cases. — Callan v. Wilson, 127 U. S., 540; Thayer, Cases, 358; McClain, Cases, 834. — Metropolitan Railroad Co. v. D. C, 132 U. S., 1; McClain, Cases, 522.— Fort Leavenworth R. R. Co. v. Lowe, 114 U. S., 525; McClain, Cases, 528. — Kincaid v. U. S., 150 U. S., 483. — Nelson v. U. S., 30 Fed., 112. — Callsen v. Hope, 75 Fed., 758. — Binns v. U. S., 194 U. S., 486. — Goetze v. U. S., 103 Fed., 72. — Rasmussen v. U. S., 197 U. S., 516.— Hawaiian v. Mankichi, 23 Sup. Ct. Rep., 787; 190 U. S., 197. Specimen Questions. — (1) Do the people of acquired territory bring their law with them when annexed to the United States? — (2) May Congress cede any part of the territory of the United States to another power? — (3) Were the people of California in 1847 subject to the Tariff Act of 1846? § 154. Paper No. 20. Popular Sovereignty and Government of Organized Territory. Bibliography. — Manual, §§35, 36, 85, 86, 115, 116, 154, 173, 178, 185. Select Constitutional Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, United States, III, 354-358; IV, 291-402, especially 381- 389. — W. F. Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, ch. iii. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, §§ 490-499. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§ 1318-1330. 264 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 154 Select Cases. — Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19 Howard, 393; 2 Miller, 1; Thayer, Cases, 480; Boyd, Cases, 481.— National Bank v. County of Yankton, 101 U. S., 129; McClain, Cases, 830n. — Boyd v. Nebraska, 143 U. S., 145. — Mor- mon Church V. U. S., 136 U. S., 1; McClain, Cases, 835. Select Historical Discussions. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, I, 419-498. — H. Von Hoist, United States, IV, 280- 461. — J. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery (Am. Nation, XVIII), chs. vii, ix, xi, xiv-xvi. — G. T. Curtis, Constitu- tional Hist, II, 227, 228, 256-259, 280, 296-298. Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 8, §§ 17, 18; Art. IV, sect. 3, § 2; Art. VI, § 2; Amendments, I, III, X, XV. — Leake's doctrine (Feb. 17, 1847), Congres- sional Globe, 29 Cong., 2 sess., 442. — Dickinson's doctrine (Dec. 14, 1847), Congressional Globe, 30 Cong., 1 sess., 21, 27, 54, 157-160. — Cass's doctrine (Dec. 24, 1847), A. C. McLaughlin, Lewis Cass, 232, 233; M. W. McClasky, Politi- cal Textbook of 1860, 462-465. — Douglas's Report (Jan. 4, 1854), Senate Reports, 33 Cong., 1 sess., I, No. 15; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 17. — W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 85-87. — Appeal of the Independent Democrats (Jan. 19, 1854), Congressional Globe, 33 Cong., 1 sess., 281, 282; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 17. — S. A. Douglas's doctrine, Haj-per^s Magazine, XIX, 519-537. — Debates between Lincoln and Douglas, 93-105; A. Johnston, Aw. Orations, II, 218- 255; III, 17-27. — Chase's doctrine. Congressional Globe, 33 Cong., 1 sess., App. 133-140; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, ch. v. — Charles Sumner's doctrine, A. Johnston, Am. Orations, II, 212. — Lincoln's doctrine, A. Johnston, Am. Orations, III, 3; Debates between Lincoln and Douglas, 1-5, 14-24. — Jefferson Davis's Resolutions (May 24, 1860), Congressional Globe, 36 Cong., 1 sess., 2310-2335. — Con- temporaries, IV, §§ 34-40, 44, 66. — Source-Book, § 108, Additional Constitutional Discussions. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 593, 596, 597. — T. § 154] HISTORICAL 265 M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 182, i86. — S. F. Miller, Constitution, 638, 639. — J. D. Andrews, Am. Law, § 187. • — ^ H. W. Bikle, Constitutional Power of Congress over Terri- tonj, 46-101. — J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, 216- 219. — F. Wharton, Commentaries, §§ 461-466. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, II, 613-616. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, 362-371. — J. Ordronaux, Constitutional Legis- lation, 509-519. — M. Farrand, Legislation of Congress for the Government of Organized Territories. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, 20, 21, 229-235. — R. Johnson, Remarks on Popular Sovereignty. — A. H. Stephens, War between the States, II, 131-135, 248-262. Additional Cases. — Am. Insurance Co. v. Canter, 1 Peters, 511; 7 Curtis, 685; Thayer, Cases, 350; McClain, Cases, 827; Boyd, Cases, 583; John Marshall, Writings, 373. — Clinton v. Englebrecht, 13 Wallace, 434. — U. S. V. Gratiot, 14 Peters, 526; 13 Curtis, 644. — Sere v. Pitot, 6 Cranch, 332; 2 Curtis, 423; Thayer, Cases, 349. — Murphy V. Ramsey, 114 U. S., 15. — Reynolds v. U. S., 98 U. S., 145; McClain, Coses, 883n. — Thompson v. Utah, 170 U. S., 343; McClain, Cases, 831. — Am. Publishing Co. v. Fisher, 166 U. S., 464. — Guthrie National Bank v. City of Guthrie, 173 U. S., 528. — U. S. v. Pridgeon, 153 U. S., 48. — Capital Traction Co. v. Hof, 174 U. S., 1. — Schuerman v. Arizona, 184 U. S., 342. — Murphy v. Utter, 186 U. S., 95. — James V. Appel, 192 U. S., 129. — Kansas v. Colorado, 206 U. S., 46. Additional Historical Discussions. — A. C. McLaugh- lin, Lewis Cass, 235-239, 272-276, 294-296, 326. — W. C. Young, General Cass, 302, 321, 325, 363, 371. — H. Greeley, Am. Conflict, 1, 224-236. — J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., 234-245. — J. Schouler, United States, V, 280-289.— J. J. Lalor, Cyclopedia, III, 281-284. — T. Roosevelt, Thomas H. Benton, 349, 352. — H. Wilson, Slave Power, II, ch. XXX. 266 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 154 Specimen Questions. — (l)Under the principles of popu- lar sovereignty should the people have elected their own governor? — (2) Did the doctrine of popular sovereignty logically give to the people of the territories control of the public lands? — (3) Is the organic act of a territory re- pealable without the consent of the inhabitants? § 155. Paper No. 21. Principles of Citizenship and Rights of Non-Citizens. Bibliography. — Mamm/, §§39-48, 99, 100, 156, 168, 187, 192, 225. — Guide, §§179, 185. — Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 2, 3, 28. Select Constitutional Discussions. — W. A. Suther- land Notes on the Constitution, 42, 148-156, 501, 569, 572, 627-675, 696-699, 708, 728, 738. — H. C. Black, Constitu- tional Law, ch. xix. — R. Foster, Commentaries, I, ch. vi. — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xxxiv. Select Cases. — Worcester v. Georgia, 6 Peters, 515; 10 Curtis, 214; Thayer, Cases, 583; Boyd, Cases, 590.— Minor v. Happersett, 21 Wallace, 162; Thayer, Cases, 459; McClain, Cases, 974. — Civil Rights Cases, 109 U. S., 3; Thaj'er, Cases, 554; McClain, Cases, 37n; Boyd, Cases, 518. — Elk V. Wilkins, 112 U. S., 94; Thayer, Cases, 587; McClain, Cases, 969; Snow, Cases and Opinions, 230. — United States V. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U. S., 649; McClain, Cases, 964. Select Historical Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, United States, VI, 1-47. — H. Greeley, Am. Conflict, I, 251-279. — J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, II, chs. ii, ix-xii. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, 375-381. — J. J. Lalor, Cijclopoedia, I, 478-608; II, 375- 381; III, 822. — F. N. Thorpe, Constitutional Hist., II, ch. ix. — W. M. Meigs, Growth of the Constitution, 138-140, 257. — J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., ch. xv. Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 2, §§1, 2; sect. 3, § 3; sect. 4, § 1; sect. 8, § 4; sect. 9, §§2, 3; § 155] HISTORICAL 267 sect. 10, § 1; Art. Ill, sects. 1, 2; sect. 3, § 2; Art. IV, sect. 2, §1; Amendments I-XV. — Contemporaries, IV, §§ 152, 155, 205, 208.— U. S. Revised Statutes, 347-351, 378-380; Supplement I, 68, 342, 458-461, 534, 556. — J. C. Calhoun, Works, II, 242. — Congressional Globe, 39 Cong., 1 sess., 1757, 1779, 1780, 2890, 2893, 3039, 3041. — W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 17. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 89, 123, 136, 137, 206-208, 268-274. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 512-529. — W. 0. Bateman, Constitutional Law, §§ 155-185. — J. D. Andrews, Am. Law, ch. xxvii. — S. F. Miller, Constitution, ch. vi, also 653-679. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, §§ 206— 209, 235, 236, 256, 385-390. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§ 1097-1104, 1697-1701, 1928-1975. — J. R. Tucker, Con- stitution, I, 343-348; II, 851-854. — F. Wharton, Commen- taries, §§ 431-438. — W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. xv, xvi, xvii. — A. R. Bailey, A New Nation {Harvard Law Review, IX, 309). — E. J. Smith, Legal Aspect of the Southern Question {Ibid., II, 358). — Charles E. Shattuck, Meaning of the term "Liberty'^ in National and State Constitutions {Ibid., IV, 365). — E. McClain, Federal Protection against State Power {Ibid., VI, 405). — C. E. Boyd, Basis of Citizenship {Nation, LXVII, 10). — C. S. Patterson, U. S. and the States, ch. xi. Additional Cases. — U. S. v. Rhodes, 1 Abbott (U. S.), 28; Thayer, Cases, 506, 510. — Slaughter House Cases, 16 Wallace, 36; Thayer, Cases, 516; McClain, Cases, 18; Boyd, Cases, 491. — Sere v. Pitot, 6 Cranch, 332; 2 Curtis, 453; Thayer, Cases, 349. — Callan v. Wilson, 127 U. S., 540; Thayer, Cases, 358; McClain, Cases, 834. — Barron v. Mayor of Baltimore, 7 Peters, 243; 10 Curtis, 464; Thayer, Cases, 449; Boyd, Cases, 467. — Corfield v. Coryell, 4 Washington C. C. 471; Thayer, Cases, 453; Boyd, Cases, 505. — Roby v. Smith, 131 Ind., 342; Thayer, Cases, 457. — Pembina Co. v. 268 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 155 Pennsylvania, 127 U. S., 678; Thayer, Cases, 468. — Dred Scott V. Sandford, 19 Howard, 393; 2 Miller, 1; Thayer, Cases, 480; Boyd, Cases, 491. — Strauder v. West Virginia, 100 U. S., 303; Thayer, Cases, 543; Ex parte Yarbrough, 110 U. S., 651; Thayer, Cases, 551. — People v. King, 110 N. Y., 418; Thayer, Cases, 568. — Lehew v. Brum- mel, 103 Mo. 546; Thayer, Cases, 574. — Welton v. Mis- souri, 91 U. S. 275; Thayer. Cases, 1957. — Davidson v. New Orleans, 96 U. S., 97; Thayer, Cases, 610. — /n re Jacobs, 98 N. Y., 98; Thayer, Cases, 627. — Powell v. Pennsylvania, 127 U. S., 678; Thayer, Cases, 637.— Lent V. Tillson, 140 U. S., 316; Thayer, Cases, 654.— Blake v. McClung, 172 U. S., 239; McClain, Cases, 859.— Riggins V. U. S., 199 U. S., 547. — Martin v. Texas, 200 U. S., 316. — Cox V. Texas, 202 U. S., 446. — In re Look Tin Sing, 10 Sawyer, 353; Thayer, Cases, 578. — U. S. v. Kagama, 118 U. S., 375; Thayer, Cases, 591. — Hurtado v. California, 110 U. S., 516; Thayer, Cases, 616; McClain, Cases, 905. — Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U. S., 356; Thayer, Cases, 774; McClain, Cases, 917. — Fong Yue Ting v. U. S., 149 U. S., 698; Thayer, Cases, 374; McClain, Cases, 567n. — Chinese Exclusion Case, 130 U. S. 581; McClain, Cases, 562. — Ah Sin V. Wittman, 198 U. S., 500. — U. S. v. Lee Huen, 118 Fed., 442. — United States v. Ju Toy, 198 U. S., 253. Specimen Questions. — (1) Is a negro citizen of Massa- chusetts entitled to the privileges of white citizens if he removes to South Carolina? — (2) May a man be deprived of suffrage because his grandfather was a slave? — (3) Is an alien entitled to trial by jury? § 156. Paper No. 22. Doctrine of Secession. Bibliography. — Manual, § § 47, 48, 97, 98, 105, 106, 141, 149. — Guide, §§ 204-208. Select Constitutional Discussions. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist, II, 1-47, 80-83, 289-338. — W. W. § 156] HISTORICAL 269 Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. iii, iv. — J. Davis, Confederate Government, 1, 168-184. — A. H. Stephens, War between the States, 1, 477-522. — J. N. Pomeroy, Con- stitutional Law, §§ 25-44. Select Cases. — Texas v. White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, Cases, 302; Boyd, Cases, 552. — Keith v. Clark, 97 U. S., 454. Select Historical Discussion. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, III. — G. T. Curtis, James Buchanan, II, ch. xv. — J. W. Burgess, Civil War and the Constitution, I, ch. iv. — F. E. Chadwick, Causes of the Civil War (Am. Nation, XIX), chs. viii-x, xii. Sources. — U. S. Constituiion, Preamble; Art. I, sect. 8, §§1, 10-18; Art. Ill, sects. 2, 3; Art. IV, sect. 4; Art. VI, § 2; Amends. IX, X. — Official Southern view. Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 12. — Lincoln's view, Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 18; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, VI, 5, 20; A. Lincoln, Works, II, 1, 55. — Original Ordinances of ratifica- tion, P. C. Centz, Republic of Republics, 523-528. — W. Hickey, Constitution, ch. iv. — J. Elliot, Debates, V, 319-335. — Contemporary speeches, A. Johnston, Am. Orations, III, 230-330. — Southern arguments, A. H. Stephens, War between the States, I, 17-49, 441-452, 522-539; II, 5-15, 26-34, 263-271; J. Davis, Confederate Government, 1, passim; Contemporaries, IV, § § 53-55, 62. — Contemporary docu- ments, Pike, First Blows of the Civil War; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 32, 94, 97; Contemporaries, III, § 123; IV, §§ 56, 61. — Buchanan's View, J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, V, 628, 655; J. Buchanan, Mr. Bu- chanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion. Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§306-372, 467-481. — R. Foster, Commen- taries, I, 116-119, 163-205. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 27-31. — W. 0. Bateman, Constitutional Law, §§ 138, 139. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, I, 338-340, 347, 348; 270 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 156 II, 588-597. — C. W. Loring, Nullification and Secession. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 129, 240-242, 684. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, 64-93. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, 28-33. — J. C. Ropes, Story of the Civil War, I, chs. i-iv. — E. P. Powell, Nullification and Secession. — J. C. Hurd, Theory of our National Existence, 88, 105, 145, 286. — J. L. M. Curry, Southern States and Am. Union, ch. x. Additional Cases. — White v. Hart, 13 Wallace, 646; Thayer, Cases, 259. — Sprott v. United States, 20 Wallace, 459. — Willams v. Bruffy, 96 U. S. 176. Additional Historical Discussions. — J. T. Morse, Abraham Lincoln, I, ch. viii. — H. Greeley, Am. Conflict, I, ch. xxii. — J. W. Draper, Civil War, I, chs. xxvi, xxvii. — J. Davis, Confederate Government, I, 70-77, 185-192. — J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, I, chs. x, xi. — J. Schouler, United States, V, ch. xiv. — H. Wilson, Slave Power, III, 1-10, 100-126. — S. W. McCall, Thaddeus Stevens, 115-130. — T. S. Goodwin, Natural Hist, of Secession, chs. xxvi, xxvii. Specimen Questions. — (1) Had Texas any greater con- stitutional right of secession than South Carolina? — (2) Granting the right of secession, did Fort Sumter revert to South Carolina? — (3) Did Virginia reserve a right of seces- sion in 1788? § 157. Paper No. 23. Responsibility for the Civil War. Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 47-50. — Guide, §§ 203, 206-209. Select Historical Discussions. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, III, chs. xiii, xiv. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, ch. x. — F. E. Chad wick. Causes of the Civil War {Am. Nation, XIX), chs. i-iv, viii-xi, xvi-xviii. — J. W. Burgess, Civil War and the Constitution, I, chs. iv-vii. — F. Bancroft, W. H. Seward, I, chs. xiv-xvi, xviii-xxi, xxiii, xxiv. § 157] HISTORICAL 271 Periodical Articles. — J. L. Motley, Causes of the Civil War (Living Age, I.XX, 9). — S. Webster, Responsibility for Secession (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, VIII, 268). — F. Bancroft, Final Efforts at Compromise (Ibid, VI, 401). Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, § § 49-74. — W. Mac- Donald, Select Documents, Nos. 93-96. — Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 18, 26. — Congressional Globe, 36 Cong., 2 sess., passim, especially 1114 (Crittenden's plan), 794, (Vallandig- ham's), 1254 (Peace Conference), 690 (Kellogg's), 283, 379 (Clark's). — Senate Executive Documents, 36 Cong., 2 sess., IV, No. 2 (Message of Feb. 19). — Senate Reports, 36 Cong., 2 sess., No. 288 (Committee of 13). — House Mis- cellaneous, 36 Cong., 2 sess. — House Reports, 36 Cong., 2 sess., I, No. 31 (Committee of 33). — Opinions of Attor- neys General, IX, 522-526 (Black), — Am. Annual Cyclo- paedia, 1861, pp. 166-225 (Congress), 562-568 (Peace Conference). — L. E. Chittenden, Reports of the Debates and Proceedings of the Conference Convention; Official Journal of the Conference Convention. — Lincoln's Inaugural and Messages, J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, VI, 5-12, 20-31, 44-58; A. Lincoln, Works, II, 1-7, 55-66, 93-106. Additional Historical Discussions. — H. Greeley, Am. Conflict, I, chs. xxiii-xxv. — J. Schouler, United States, V, ch. xxii. — J. Macy, Political Parties in the U. S., chs. vii- xxii. — J. Davis, Confederate Government, I, 438-440. — A. H. Stephens, War between the States, II, 17-53. — J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., 162-165. — J. G. Nicolay, Outbreak of the Rebellion, chs. i-v. — A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, chs. vii, viii. — G. Lunt, Origin of the War, chs. xii, xiii, xvi, xvii, xix, xx. — J. R. Lowell, Political Essays, 118-152. — J. T. Morse, Abraham Lincoln, I, chs. vii, viii. — J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, I, chs. i, x-xii. — H. Wilson, Slave Power, III, chs. i-vii. — J. C. Ropes, Story