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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2010 with funding from 
 The Library of Congress 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/howtogrowroses01pyle 
 
HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 DEDICATED BY THEIR PRESIDENT TO THE 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY 
 
 (INCLUDING PROSPECTIVE MEMBERS) 
 
 THIRTEENTH EDITION, 1920 
 REVISED AND ENLARGED 
 
 By ROBERT PYLE, President 
 
 THE CONARD 6c JONES CO, 
 
 WEST GROVE, PA. 
 
 Copyriiibt, iq2o, by The Conard <t^ Jones Co. 
 
Contents *^^c^n■'^ 
 
 The Amateur's Rose-Garden 3 
 
 Establishing Ideals 5 
 
 The Rose-Lover's Calendar of Operations 6 
 
 Where to Plant Roses 9 
 
 Preparing to Grow Roses - 14 
 
 Drainage 14 
 
 Soils 15 
 
 Fertilizers 16 
 
 When to Plant 17 
 
 Treatment on Arrival 18 
 
 Planting 20 
 
 Staking the Roses 11 
 
 Labeling 22 
 
 Plotting 24 
 
 Mulching 25 
 
 Protecting the Roses 26 
 
 From Frost 26 
 
 From Enemies 29 
 
 Pruning 31 
 
 How to Use This Pruning Information 34 
 
 Own Root, and Budded or Grafted Roses 36 
 
 Selecting the Roses 37 
 
 Family Groups and Abbreviations 39 
 
 Terms Used to Describe Appropriate Uses 41 
 
 One Hundred and Sixty-two Choice Roses 43 
 
 Roses for Various Purposes and Uses 64 
 
 Selections for Special Sections of the UxNited States of 
 
 America 77 
 
 The Pacific Northwest J. A. Currey 77 
 
 Minneapohs and Vicinity Theodore Wirth 79 
 
 New York and Lower New England . . . Rev. E. M. Mills 80 
 
 Roslyn and Northwest Long Island . Admiral Aaron Ward 81 
 
 Philadelphia and Vicinity Dr. Robert Huey 82 
 
 Washington, D. C, and Points South . . Dr. W. Van Fleet 83 
 
 Chicago and the North W. C. Egan 84 
 
 The Increasing Regard for Roses 91 
 
 The American Rose Society 92 
 
 Fragrant Roses 93 
 
 Municipal Rose-Gardens 95 
 
 A Famous Rose-Garden 98 
 
 The Red Rose Church at Manheim 100 
 
 Rose-Beads loi 
 
 Attar of Roses 102 
 
 Hybridizing 104 
 
 Bibliography 105 
 
 Synonymous Roses 106 
 
 Analysis of Species 107 
 
 Roses Arranged in Classes no 
 
 Index 116 
 
 JUL 24 1920 
 ©CI.A570830 
 
[^HIS little book is designed to help the reader 
 realize that by setting out the right plants of 
 the right sort of roses this spring, cut-flowers 
 may be had from these selfsame plants dur- 
 ing the last days of May, with a continuity 
 of bloom almost unbroken until the frosts 
 of late autumn herald the approaching winter. 
 Amateurs are now able to have an all-summer ''feast of 
 roses," as well as the skilled professional, and it is the 
 amateur's rose-garden, especially, that we have had in 
 mind when writing the following pages. 
 
 A large garden is not requisite. Two or three dozen good 
 plants, of the modern and greatly improved sorts, properly 
 selected, will give much enjoyment; while a garden of roses 
 with somewhat greater variety and extent can readily be 
 made a summer-long delight. 
 
 In spring, one can have the pleasure of building air- 
 castles about the plants. When the warm days of June 
 arrive, these air-castles will have taken substantial form, and 
 you may go from one plant to another, giving each a little 
 daily attention, contrasting one proud beauty with another 
 equally queenly, and, best of all, gathering an abundance 
 of lovely roses. Half an hour of such tonic-toil each day is 
 a great nerve-restorer, and, what many of those who have 
 tried it realize, it is also food for the soul. 
 
 Rose-growing among amateurs in this country is yet in 
 its infancy. In England, before the war, nearly everyone 
 grew roses. Dazzling vistas of roses were to be seen in the 
 
HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 hedge-rows, along the country roads and lanes. Gardens 
 were full of flowers, and each person seemed to be striving 
 in friendly rivalry with his neighbor. Why was this extra- 
 ordinary enthusiasm for the rose? Because it is without a 
 peer among all the flowering plants. It presents nearly every 
 floral shade, in combinations far more attractive than 
 exotic orchids, and, above all, its dehcious fragrance gives 
 us the enjoyment of another sense — the crowning feature, 
 in which no other flower can compete with it. 
 
 Since history was first written the rose has been asso- 
 ciated with the most important events in the life of man. 
 For centuries it has been fully recognized as the Queen 
 of Flowers, honored ahke by poet and king. Yet such vari- 
 eties as Columbia, Duchess of Weflington, and Frau Karl 
 Druschki, the ancients never knew! Why, then, should not 
 you and yours share in the pleasures of the twentieth-cen- 
 tury roses, to your own enjoyment and to the advantage of 
 those around you? Just a httle garden of these modern wefl- 
 bred roses; just a Httle dail}^ loving care; just a little cost; 
 and the result to you and your neighbors wifl be the glory 
 of the Queen of Flowers. 
 
 The Glory of the Queen of Flowers 
 
AND HOW TO ARRANGE THEM 5 
 
 Establishing Ideals 
 
 First consider what kind of rose-garden you will plan. 
 Roses seem to enjoy being arranged in countless ways. Will 
 the first show of bloom to burst into view, as one approaches 
 your home, be on your pergola, or arbor, or rose-covered 
 summer-house? If none of these furnishes appropriate 
 setting, probably your banks or fences will be clothed or 
 beautified. A variety of types, shown on the following pages, 
 is available, and choosing from these will become a delight. 
 
 Perhaps your fancy may picture prosperous beds, abound- 
 ing in a wealth of bloom, to be seen across a sweep of level 
 lawn, or from your favorite room in the house, or even hidden 
 beyond the curve in your garden-walk. 
 
 The formal rose-garden, too, is important, especially 
 on the larger place. There are excellent reasons why the 
 rose-garden should have a domain all its own. These 
 fastidious creatures that so well repay your thoughtful care 
 may well be grouped and with greater resulting effectiveness. 
 In no other case, perhaps, does careful planning pay so well as 
 in the formal garden. 
 
 In these brief suggestions of rose-garden possibilities let 
 us recall vividly the value of the rose in the landscape. Here 
 again a knowledge of varieties is important. Landscape 
 architects are recognizing more and more the noteworthy 
 species which are valuable in mass-plantings for showy effects, 
 for retaining embankments, for bordering driveways, or 
 even for certain types of hedges. 
 
 Or you may wish most for a garden of roses from which 
 to cut bouquets, so that **the Glory of the Garden" may be 
 reflected in your home. "Good taste" will suggest the right 
 roses — one for this vase, a bunch for that bowl, a spray for 
 the guest-room, still others for the hallway or the dining- 
 room table, then surely some for boutonnieres, and at times 
 for "state occasions." Surely anyone who has experienced the 
 exquisite thrill welling up in the soul from the presence of 
 choice roses well arranged will be eager to develop the skill 
 needed to make the best use of Nature's garden-gifts. 
 
HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 The Rose-Lover's Calendar 
 of Operations 
 
 These dates will be found relatively correct for the aver- 
 age season in the latitude of Philadelphia. If you hve north 
 or south, make the usual allowance of about four days for 
 every lOO miles of latitude. Comparative altitude must also 
 be taken into consideration. The seasons vary; for example, 
 the ground may be in good condition and ready for digging 
 as much as three weeks earher one year than it will be the 
 following spring. 
 
 March IS- — Such Kardy roses as are already planted should 
 now be pruned. 
 
 March 25 to 50. — As soon as the ground can be well worked, plant 
 new hardy roses which are to be had dormant. Prune these even more 
 closely than older established bushes. 
 
 April 10. — Less hardy roses, including the Everblooming class, 
 should be pruned. Begin to remove the winter protection as the increas- 
 ing heat of the sun permits. 
 
 April 15. — Roses are not immune from mildew and other fungoid 
 contagious diseases; therefore it pays at this time to spray with bordeaux 
 mixture all your rose plants as well as nearby fruit trees and grape-vines. 
 
 April 2^ to ^o. — Finish uncovering and pruning your roses. Plant 
 new ones (now or until the middle of May). A slight shading of these 
 from the sun will prove an advantage. 
 
 May I to 10. — As soon as plants are well set with foliage, a spraying 
 with a solution of nicotine or sulpho-tobacco soap will act as a pre- 
 ventive against aphides (green fly). 
 
 May 20. — ^As soon as buds begin to swell, weak manure-water may 
 be applied to the plants. Spray again to kill off the aphides, otherwise 
 they will multiply with amazing speed. 
 
 May 2^. — Now starts the season's procession of bloom, led by the 
 sturdy Rugosas and the Yellow Briar roses. Start feeding the tlybrid 
 Perpetual roses with liquid manure. 
 
 June I. — With this month we see the true glory of the "Feast of 
 Roses." ♦ 
 
 June 5. — Watch for the rose beetle and rose slug, and spray every 
 ten days for three weeks with a half pound of arsenate of lead to ten 
 gallons of water. 
 
 June 10. — ^Begin to nourish the Teas and Hybrid Teas with liquid 
 manure. (Page 17.) You'll soon see the result. 
 
 June 20 to ^o.— Now the Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Climbers begin 
 blooming in abundance. Cut your blossoms freely. Look out for mildew 
 and apply the remedy. 
 
 July I. — Keep the soil well stirred. A dust mulch at this season is 
 important. 
 
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS 
 
 7 
 
 July 4. — Gather all the flowers you can; it is not best for the plants 
 to have them die on the bushes. You should now be reaping a full har- 
 vest from the Teas, Hybrid Teas, etc. 
 
 July 10. — From now till autumn keep a sharp lookout for signs of 
 fungoid troubles — such as (i) mildew,^ (2) black spot, or (3) yellow 
 leaf, and apply bordeaux mixture or sulphur arsenate dust mixture. 
 If any aphides appear, use black-leaf 40. 
 
 July 13*. — ^Thin out the old canes and trim back all multifloras and 
 other climbers noted under chapter on pruning. 
 
 July 20. — Now or earlier mulch your roses with grass-cuttings, 
 old manure, leaves, sawdust, or peat-moss. 
 
 August ^o. — 'Teas and Hybrid Teas bring forth their "Fall Flower 
 Show." As soon as the buds form, remember that Bon Arbor or manure- 
 water applied to the roots will help them to produce the blossoms you'll 
 be proud of. 
 
 September 10. — Some Hybrid Perpetuals bloom a second time. 
 
 October 75. — Make ready your new beds for next year. 
 
 November i^. — After the first frost, begin covering the stems of your 
 roses, pages 26-27, and, soon after this, complete the protecting of the 
 more tender kinds. 
 
 Thanksgiving Day. — ^As soon as the ground has frozen, all should 
 be safely nestled in their winter beds. 
 
 WHEN YOUR ROSES ARE UNDER THE SNOW 
 
 December. — Read Dean Hole's "A Book About Roses." (Also, see 
 Bibliography, page 105.) 
 
 January. — Send for the catalogs of a few reliable rose-growers. 
 February. — Order your new "Made in America" roses. 
 
 
 n^'-'m.- 
 
 #^M3^ 
 
 This shows how "York and Lancaster" may be used (page 62) 
 
Rival Charmers — both radiate healtli and liappiness 
 
CHOOSING THE LOCATION 
 
 Where to Plant Roses 
 
 Several available spaces for the rose-bed are usually to be 
 found on the average home-grounds. The author has had 
 the good fortune to visit a number of rose-gardens that are 
 famous — and others that deserve to be — and this may be 
 said of nearly all : that they lay on the genial, sunny side of a 
 generous group of trees or copse, but were open to the gentler 
 breezes, and were not shut in or shaded. 
 
 When buying a new property, the selection of the 
 most suitable spot upon it for the house is scarcely more 
 important than the selection of a site for your rose-garden. 
 You will choose a sunny room, if possible, for the indoor 
 nursery, where *'the httle fairies" in your home may romp 
 and play on a wintry day; and so, too, will you wish to provide 
 for the happiness and well-being of your rose-children, because 
 only a few of them are prairie-born. Only a small section of 
 this large family has been reared to bear the rigors of gusty, 
 sweeping or whipping winds at any time of year, and from 
 such, for the best results, they must be protected. It is not 
 only the severe, cold winds of winter, or the raw, cutting 
 swish of spring, but the hot, withering winds of summer, too, 
 that may ruin the opening buds and spoil the almost ripe 
 fruits of your labor. 
 
 Choose a place, therefore, or estabhsh one, protected 
 either by trees, a hedge, a wall, a building, or by some other 
 windbreak. Even a hedge of roses, or chmbers, upon a 
 substantial trellis will avail, although a more dense screen is 
 more effective. Choose, too, a place where the sun will shine 
 for not less than one-half of the day, preferably the morning. 
 By this you will see that a space opening away to the south 
 or southeast is to be preferred. We have noted equally suc- 
 cessful rose-gardens entirely surrounded by hedges. 
 
 Avoid the too close shade of trees, or the proximity of 
 tree- roots; they are ravenous robbers. If the roots can pos- 
 sibly reach over to your rose-beds, they will do it and steal 
 away the nourishment you have provided. Therefore, either 
 keep entirely away from them or, if you must dig your bed 
 
HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 near them, put in a partition on the tree side to keep back 
 the roots. Boards will do for a time; a concrete wall, about 
 4 inches thick, will last longer. 
 
 Another point to remember is that "roses do not hke 
 wet feet." They seem to resent the ignominy of being sub- 
 jected to standing in undrained ground. Avoid very low 
 ground for this reason, and also because it is more subject 
 to early or late frost, and has greater tendency to mildew. 
 
 Try to combine in your choice as many of these condi- 
 tions as possible, because, while no point is absolute, all are 
 important. Don't stop or give up for the lack of some one 
 of them. Be earnest about it, and you will soon provide the 
 essentials. Mr. Chapman, the ornithologist, asked ex- 
 President Roosevelt how he continually accomplished so 
 much. Mr. Roosevelt answered that this had been his motto: 
 
 "Do what you can^ with what you have, 
 where you are" 
 
 , That motto will prove most useful for the rose-grower. 
 It lacks, however, one essential, which has been expressed 
 by no other so fittingly, in our estimation, as by Dean Hole: 
 "He who would have beautiful roses in his garden must 
 have beautiful roses in his heart. He must love them well 
 and always. He must have not only the glowing admiration. 
 
 This is Gardenia, running in revelry over the garden-wall 
 
MAKE A PICTURE OF YOUR LAWN i 
 
 Let climbing roses frame your garden pictures 
 
 the enthusiasm 
 and the passion, 
 but the ten- 
 derness, the 
 thoughtfulness, 
 the reverence, 
 the watchfulness 
 of love." The 
 rosarian of be- 
 loved memory 
 understood the 
 secret. And 
 would that we 
 Americans had 
 
 more, Hke him, to spread the love for beautiful roses, as 
 well as for the wholesome pastime of planting and caring for 
 the Queen of Flowers. 
 
 "Make a picture of your lawnJ* This is the first principle 
 of landscape-gardening. Leave open the center spaces and 
 plant about and along the edges. Allow this rule to guide 
 you, then select places for your roses where they will do 
 best and give you the most pleasure. 
 
 Some varieties, as for example the Rugosas and the"rose 
 species," serve a very useful purpose when planted among the 
 shrubbery. Many other uses, too, are described on pages 64. 
 to 76. The bush roses, however, including the Teas, Hybrid 
 Teas, and Hybrid Perpetuals, will prove most satisfying if 
 segregated and not mixed too much with other plants. 
 
 The location will help to decide the shape of your bed, 
 and it is mainly a matter of taste as to w^hether it shall be 
 straight, curved, oblong, round, or square. The essential 
 point to remember is this: You will want to get within arm's 
 reach of every rose in your bed, many times in a year, without 
 stepping on the bed. Not over 5 feet in width and preferably 
 4^ feet, therefore, is a good rule to follow. 
 
 Arrange the roses 18 inches apart each way, unless they 
 are very vigorous growers, in which case allow 2 feet 
 for spread. In warm countries, where the growth is most 
 
m «•#■-■> 
 
 t;^ #^ #;#! '? 
 
SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE BEDS 
 
 13 
 
 &M Olit I^o^^G 
 
 luxuriant, and for the big bushy sorts, even more room will 
 be required. Again, there is the other extreme as, for example, 
 in making a border or edging of Polyantha roses, a fine 
 continuous effect may be had 
 by spacing them in the row 
 at only 12 inches apart. 
 This diagram shows a bed 
 
 3 feet wide for two rows. A 
 bed this width, "staggered," 
 
 will require twelve roses to every 9 feet, twenty-four roses 
 if 18 feet long, and larger beds in the same proportion. 
 
 The young garden in the picture below is well done. 
 Note the avenue effect produced by the double row of 
 Standard or Tree roses on either side of the walk, set from 
 
 4 to 10 feet apart. They remind one of the beautiful rose- 
 gardens in England. Up the wall on either side chmbing 
 roses have been started. The front bed on the left in the 
 picture is 4^ feet square, and contains nine roses. The 
 front bed on the right, if 4^ feet wide by 6 feet long, w^ould 
 contain twelve roses. The rear bed on the right of the walk 
 is 4^ feet wide by 13 feet long, and contains twenty-four 
 roses; and the long bed in the rear on the left, if 4^ feet wide 
 by 20 feet long, would contain thirty-six roses. 
 
 The formal garden is incomplete without roses 
 
HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Preparing to Grow Roses 
 
 Having chosen the location and decided upon the size 
 and shape of your beds, you are next ready to prepare the soil. 
 Rev. F. Page Roberts, an ex-president of the National 
 Rose Society of England, has said: "After years of rose-grow- 
 ing in places far apart, I think it is not so much the soil and 
 the chmate, as the care and skill of the cultivator that wins 
 success." 
 
 A very successful grower of roses in New York State once 
 remarked to a meeting of his rose society: "I would rather 
 plant a 15-cent rose in a 50-cent hole than plant a 50-cent 
 rose in a 15-cent hole." He was wise. The author recalls 
 visiting a successful private rose-garden in New England one 
 day when the roses in one bed were being moved. Those 
 roses had well-developed roots 3 feet long, because the 
 bed in which they were growing had been prepared to that 
 depth, and the top-growth and bloom had been luxuriantly 
 magnificent, testifying to the value of deep and thorough 
 soil-preparation. 
 
 Drainage 
 
 One thing, however, must be provided, if you are to court 
 success, that is ample drainage. "Wet feet" for roses are no 
 more conducive to health and happiness than for children. 
 Examine your soil; if there seems a need, provide drainage, 
 and remove the soil from your bed to the very bottom. Place 
 there a layer from 4 to 6 inches deep of stones not larger than 
 your fist, broken bricks, clinkers, or other suitable material 
 
 that will readily "take" 
 the water from above. 
 The soil is seldom so 
 retentive as to require 
 tiling to take the water 
 away and, indeed, nine 
 times out of ten no arti- 
 ficial drainage at all will 
 
 ^ 
 
 Layers of stones like this are not essential t J J 
 
 if the ground is naturally well drained be needeCl. 
 
PREPARING THE BEDS 15 
 
 Soils 
 
 The good loam so often found directly beneath the sod is 
 excellent, but is greatly improved by being broken, even 
 pulverized, to a depth of at least two spades and thoroughly 
 mixed with about one-third its bulk of rotted manure. 
 Fresh manure must never be allowed to touch the rose- roots. 
 Indeed, the more thorough-going way is to make sure of the 
 nether layer of soil by removing the upper one. First of all, 
 peel off the sod (it will produce excellent compost, see 
 section on *TertiHzers"); next take out the top layer of soil 
 to the depth of i foot and pile it nearby. If the soil below 
 that is good, rich loam, or a fair mixture of clay and loam, it 
 may remain. Loosen this with a garden fork to a depth of 
 another foot, preferably not upturning it, and mix with it 
 well-decomposed manure, and then put back the top layer of 
 loam in which to plant your roses. 
 
 If, on the other hand, you find the subsoil poor, barren, and 
 unproductive, you may have to remove it altogether. Haul 
 it away, and put your chopped-up sods in the bottom, grass- 
 side down, to rot and make future plant- food. If you have 
 ready from the previous year a compost made by mixing one- 
 half or two-thirds of sod, with the balance of manure from 
 the cow-stables, use it in the bottom of your bed, and make 
 a future storehouse of rich nourishment for your roses. 
 
 Another hint: A few broken bones may be mixed with 
 the soil in the bottom of the trench, say a peck for a bed 
 holding a dozen roses. These will decay slowly, and furnish 
 plant-food for three or four years to come. 
 
 Not all roses Hke the same soils. The Hybrid Perpetuals, 
 for example, love a heavy clay or loam. So do the heavier- 
 growing chmbers; whereas the Teas, Hybrid Teas, Bourbons 
 and the hke, revel in a hghter soil and a warmer one, with less 
 than 50 per cent clay or loam, and more sand or leaf-mold. 
 Rugosas thrive even in quite sandy soil. 
 
 "It is difficult to give the roses too rich soil." If your soil 
 is fight and sandy, and you cannot well replace it entirely, it 
 may be greatly improved by mixing a fittle clay or rich loam 
 
HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 with ft when trenching. If your soil seems too heavy, it can 
 be made hghter and more open by adding sand, or even coal- 
 ashes. To be good for roses, the soil must be such as will not 
 quickly transmit to- the roots sudden surface changes of 
 temperature. The roots should be kept cool. If it be pos- 
 sible after the soil in your bed has been prepared, give it 
 time, say two or three months, to settle before planting your 
 roses. If this be out of the question, press with your feet 
 each layer of soil in your bed, as you proceed to fill it in. 
 
 Fertilizers 
 
 While manure from the cow-stable is best, you can draw 
 upon the horse-stable, sheep-pens, or pig-sty with expectation 
 of good results, and "night soil," mixed with dry soil, or 
 sand, and well composted is excellent. Well-rotted leaves are 
 fair, but too light except for heavy soils. Commercial fer- 
 tihzers, such as ground bone or guano, may be used with 
 advantage if handled with discretion. A rule to remember is 
 never to let any "green" or "raw" manure come close to the 
 roots of your roses, but see that it is buried well beneath the 
 root reach, or apphed as a top-dressing. After your roses 
 have been planted, the best time to apply manures is just 
 as the ground begins to freeze in the autumn. Let it serve as 
 a protection over winter, and dig it in next spring, being care- 
 ful, however, not to disturb the roots. 
 
 Far better than surface-coating is the ample supply of 
 fertihzer placed well under the roots in the bottom of your 
 beds, before you plant your roses, because roots travel 
 toward their food-supply. By thus enticing them downward, 
 you develop a strong, deep root-growth down into the 
 reservoir of stored-up food and moisture, so that, when dry 
 weather comes, they will not hunger and thirst, as they would 
 with only surface roots. Surface application of manure-water 
 is quite a different matter, as that will percolate down to the 
 deepest roots. 
 
 It is said that roses draw most upon the soil when bloom- 
 ing, and we find you can almost see the results from applica- 
 tion (when the flower-buds begin swelling) of liquid manure. 
 
THE PROPER FOOD FOR ROSES 17 
 
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 Nearly every child is fond of flowers 
 
 concocted by catching the drain from the manure-pile, or 
 one-third of a bushel of manure in a bag and soaked in a 
 barrel of water. Apply this as a weak tea, not too strong, but 
 frequently, say twice a week. When it is more convenient, 
 a sprinkling of bone-dust on the surface before a rain will 
 answer the same purpose. Even with the best care, it may 
 prove necessary in some locations, say after six or eight years, 
 to renew the roses or move the bed, adopting the farmer's 
 principle of rotation of crops. 
 
 When to Plant 
 
 Tell us where you would grow roses, and we will tell you 
 
 when to plant them. The most carefully laid down dates for 
 
 New York State are "null and void" in New Orleans. Proper 
 
 planting-time in the same state may vary according to differ- 
 
][8 - HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 ences in altitude and latitude. Where the winters are not too 
 severe, as in our Gulf and Pacific Coast States, and the 
 
 next tier of states north, 
 autumn-planting is to 
 be preferred. 
 
 North of the line of 
 the Ohio River, only 
 our hardier varieties, 
 such, for example, as the 
 Hardy Chmbers and 
 Hybrid Perpetuals, Ru- 
 gosas, Moss and Pernet- 
 ianas, will withstand the first winter out, if autumn-planted. 
 As a matter of general practice, there are, doubtless, 
 ten times as many roses planted in spring as in autumn. 
 For the latitude of Philadelphia, dormant roses should be 
 planted as soon in spring as the soil is dry enough to 
 crumble in the hand, and plantings may continue till mid- 
 April. Growing roses from pots should not be set out until 
 danger from frost is past, usually the last week in April. If 
 you hve north of 40 degrees latitude, defer planting from this 
 date by one week for every hundred miles. Do not attempt 
 any planting operations with the ground frozen, or the ther- 
 mometer below 45 degrees Fahr. Roses from pots, when 
 shipped with soil on the roots, may be planted at any time 
 through the growing season, even during the summer. 
 
 Treatment on Arrival 
 
 Think of your roses as living creatures, even though they 
 be asleep (dormant) when you first get them. Unwrap them 
 with the greatest care; never expose the roots to the drying 
 action of the spring winds for a moment. A plant with bare 
 roots exposed to the dry air is like a fish out of water. Untie 
 the bundles so as not to break, bark or bruise either root or 
 branch. Should the plants, through delay in transit, come 
 dried out, as occasionally happens, soak the balls of earth 
 and roots in water; if the stems also have dried out, bury 
 the whole plant in damp earth for three or four days till the ■ 
 
TREATMENT ON ARRIVAL 
 
 19 
 
 When this little girl grows up and has a garden of her own, she too 
 will know how to grow fine roses. 
 
 shriveled branches regain their natural plumpness. If you 
 cannot plant the roses when they arrive, *'heel them in" in 
 the garden until you are ready to plant them. This is done 
 by digging a trench deep enough thoroughly to cover all 
 roots and even lower branches of each bundle of roses. It 
 will be better to untie the bundles so that the roots can be 
 more thoroughly covered. Press down this soil-cover firmly. 
 
20 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Planting 
 
 When ready to plant, remember again that roots must be 
 kept from the wind. Spring winds are so drying that fatal 
 damage may occur from a few minutes of exposure. The 
 best plan, when planting, is to keep the roots covered with a 
 damp piece of burlap, or of other packing- material. 
 
 Next make the holes in the bed, which should have been 
 prepared as shown on page 15, and make them large enough 
 to accommodate the roots in a natural and uncramped posi- 
 tion, neither too deep nor too shallow (see illustration). Do 
 not spread the roots out flat, but point them down, slanting 
 outward. Use care to keep the roots from direct contact 
 with the manure, lest the roses get indigestion. It is a good 
 plan to dip the roots, before planting, in a thin mud made 
 by mixing loam or clay with water. Settle well-pulverized 
 soil in around the roots, so as to fill up every air-space, and 
 so that every single root shall be entirely encased in soil. 
 When the hole is half-filled, and roots covered, press the 
 soil down firmly with the hands; then fill the hole with water, 
 and let it drain away; fill in level with soil, and tamp it care- 
 fully but securely; then give a final covering of soil, which 
 should be about level with the surrounding turf, but not 
 high enough to let the water run away when it rains. Also 
 protect from the bright sunshine for a few days. 
 
 Too deep 
 
 Too shallow, and 
 set wrong 
 
 Just right 
 
 Right, and banked 
 for winter 
 
For splendor, beauty and Impressiveness the red Rose stands 
 preeminent, and among the Hybrid Perpetuals the J. B. CLARK, 
 shown above, is a variety with real merit. 
 
 Among the more recent introductions in this class should also 
 be mentioned Hugh Dickson, George Dickson and Gloire de Chedane 
 Guinoisseau. 
 
 Can you imagine any flower more exquisitely appropriate, either 
 worn singly or in display for the most important occasions, than a 
 freshly opened bloom like the above? 
 
 Important celebrations and state occasions are coming more and 
 more to depend upon the Rose for its decorative value, satisfying 
 the mind and heart, as well as the eyes, of all observers. 
 
22 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Staking the Roses 
 
 Standard or Tree roses, unless extraordinarily sturdy and 
 planted where they are protected from the winds, will be the 
 better for staking. The stake should come well up to the 
 head of the rose. Place it while planting, for if it is driven 
 later it may injure an important root. Bush roses seldom 
 need staking when planted, although this is a matter for atten- 
 tion according to the needs of individual varieties. Plants 
 should never be permitted to sway about or become loose at 
 the collar. If the sun be warm within the next day or two 
 after you plant, the bush will be the better for being shaded, 
 as well as for mulch about the roots. 
 
 Labeling 
 
 Rose-growing with labels is by far the most delightful 
 kind. You lose half the pleasure if you lose the names, to 
 say nothing about the satisfaction of accumulating infor- 
 mation. The importance of labehng is really great. Do it 
 when you plant as a part of the operation; otherwise, it is 
 likely to be overlooked. The growers' labels are not hkely to 
 last more than one season, and then it becomes dreadfully 
 embarrassing not to know what to call your plant-children, 
 whether you want to scold or caress them. Choose the label 
 with fewest faults. 
 
 Copper Labels 
 
 These are made of light sheet copper, eyeleted and 
 r\ wired ready to use as soon as the name of the plant 
 is inscribed. The copper labels are very hght, and 
 are therefore most suitable for hanging on the 
 / branches of your roses in a conspicuous place, not 
 (6) ^^ ^^ disturbed until you begin your pruning. 
 Then, if necessary, remove them to some other part 
 of the plant not in danger from your shears. But 
 any type of label that must be wired on the bush 
 may constrict and check the hfe of the stem or 
 branch on which it hangs. Therefore, a better way 
 
LABELING 23 
 
 to use these copper labels is to suspend them 
 on a stout wire stake alongside the plant, so 
 that no removing will be necessary unless the 
 rose is being transplanted to some other part 
 of your garden, when, of course, the label should go 
 along with it. This shape of label is now available 
 in celluloid faced with perfectly transparent mica. 
 (See right-hand cut at bottom of page 22.) 
 
 Plain or Printed Wooden Labels 
 
 Plain or printed wooden labels, similar in size 
 and shape to the two illustrated on page 22, may 
 be attached to an upright iron stake (such as is here 
 shown). This is the scheme followed by Capt. Geo. 
 C. Thomas in his noteworthy garden near Phila- 
 delphia. Furthermore, upon the same stake, with cS^^'LaEei 
 the name label, he hangs a plain wooden label which 
 is used throughout the season on which to mark the number 
 of roses harvested from that bush each time one or more is 
 cut. Such a plan, faithfully followed, makes an invaluable 
 record for any careful rose-grower. 
 
 The best of wooden labels must be sometimes renewed. 
 A more permanent type we call the Garden 
 Club Label. It is a triangular piece 
 of flat zinc with rounded corners, hung % 
 on the gooseneck top of No. 9 galvanized 
 iron wire, 15 inches long, as above. There is 
 room on the reverse side for date of planting and 
 other data. For indelible ink, dissolve a copper 
 cent in a i -ounce solution of one part sulphuric 
 acid and five parts water; or, if preferred, 
 paint the label and stake green and the letters 
 in white. This label keeps clean because it is 
 above the mud-splash of the raindrops. 
 
 The Mann Plant Label hereby illustrated is 
 of zinc. It is practically indestructible and stays 
 put. The size is 9>^ inches long by 3>^ inches 
 
 Mann . .1 . Simplex 
 
 Label across at the top. Label 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
24 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 The Simplex Labels illustrated on page 23 are a single 
 piece of metal frame and stake 16 inches long and securely 
 hold in place a shghtly roughened celluloid card which is 
 protected from the weather by a clear, smooth cover of mica. 
 
 Celluloid labels, with the rose name printed in and clearly 
 showing from beneath a transparent glazed surface, are 
 perhaps the most recent development and promise great 
 satisfaction. 
 
 The most ehte rose labels we have ever seen were those 
 used by M. Gravereaux, at L'Hay, near Paris, where, on 
 top of small, sturdy, iron stakes, were bolted beautifully 
 finished, flat top, oval name-plates of porcelain. 
 
 Plotting 
 
 But the "best laid" labels sometimes go wrong, and in 
 some unexplainable fashion do get lost; therefore, to be 
 entirely protected, you can take out label insurance. Some 
 people think this is more imiportant than labehng. Draw a 
 diagram of your bed, and then with letters or numbers 
 indicate on it the location of each rose. With this make out 
 and keep a key-list of roses lettered or numbered to corre- 
 spond with those on the diagram. We venture to predict 
 that such a Hst will prove its value before the end of the 
 second year. 
 
 i^^ 
 
 ^ ..:ilS^lr-^mf 
 
 ^^*m^ 
 
 »:*'m 
 
CONSERVING THE MOISTURE 
 
 25 
 
 Mulching 
 
 There is a treble object in this: First, to retain the mois- 
 ture; second, better to preserve a suitable temperature in the 
 soil; third, to stop weed-growth. What is called a "dust- 
 mulch," maintained by frequent hoeing, is, perhaps, the best 
 method, although, where the summers are warm, a covering 
 in early July of long **strawy" cow-, pig-, or horse-stable 
 manure that will not heat, will accomphsh the same object. 
 The lighter and more chafF-hke portion should be removed 
 in the spring and the richer part dug in. Peat-moss we look 
 upon as even better than a manure-mulch, because the 
 latter may encourage root-growth nearer the surface than 
 is desirable. We have also tried sawdust for covering the 
 beds in summer. It certainly prevented need for weeding 
 and otherwise seemed beneficial. Another plan is to plant 
 some low-growing and shallow-rooting ground-cover plant, 
 hke violas (pansies) or portulacas. These grow quickly from 
 seed and should be established by mid-July. 
 
 ..Sj:» 
 
 Py 
 
 Roses where everyone may enjoy them 
 
26 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Roses in the outdoor living-room 
 
 Protecting the Roses 
 
 From Frost 
 
 W. C. Egan, the eminent horticulturist of northern 
 Illinois, succeeds admirably in keeping his roses over win- 
 ter, as does also the Superintendent of the McCormick estate; 
 and yet, north of Chicago, where they hve, the severe 
 winters and the cold winds blowing over Lake Michigan, 
 often kill the Wichuraianas and Rambler roses to within a foot 
 of the ground, when not protected. An eminent judge, Hving 
 north of Detroit, by the work of his own hands, protects his 
 Hybrid Teas so that they triumphantly weather zero winters. 
 On the famous shore- front at Newport, Rhode Island, we 
 found the tender Gloire de Dijon rose, which we had sup- 
 posed could not be grown north of Washington, D. C, green 
 and thrifty to the second story, after a most severe winter 
 season. But the protection had been very thorough. 
 
WINTER- PROTECTION 27 
 
 Obviously, there is no danger where there is no frost. 
 Where the thermometer falls below freezing, the less hardy 
 varieties should be partly covered, and all roses will be the 
 better for some protection, at least about the roots. If you 
 are visited with zero weather, let '* preparedness'' be your 
 rule. To begin with, bank up the soil cone-shaped, with the 
 apex 6 to 10 inches high around the stem of each bush. 
 Ashes are sometimes used, but nothing we know of is better 
 than soil. In very cold countries, the roses may be lifted 
 entirely and buried in trenches for the winter, and they will 
 come out in fine shape for replanting in spring. After you 
 have drawn the soil nicely around them (see calendar), leave 
 them alone till the ground is frozen with a crust hard enough 
 to bear the weight of a stone-laden wheel-barrow. By this 
 time the moles or mice, or other creatures, will have secured 
 their winter abode elsewhere, and not be tempted to make 
 nests in the protecting material you will next apply. Now 
 do not smother your roses, or they may die. Cover them 
 thoroughly, as high up as you attempt to protect them, but 
 always allow for the circulation of air. A 3- or 4-inch 
 blanket of good, heavy stable-manure will keep out much 
 cold. Over this fill up from the bottom of the bed to a depth 
 of I o or 12 inches with nice, dry leaves, and with some light 
 material on top to keep them in place. A 12-inch fence 
 of poultry-wire staked round the bed will help keep the 
 leaves in place. The boughs of fir or pine trees, hay, straw, or 
 cornfodder, or other material that will break the force of 
 cold, biting winds, will serve in place of leaves, and where 
 most careful protection is required, boards may be arranged 
 roof-fashioned to turn off the rains. This will also protect 
 your roses from exposure to direct sunshine when nights are 
 freezing-cold, and avoid alternate thawing and freezing, 
 which is dangerous, and in early spring prevent the premature 
 excitation of plant-growth and tender buds. For this reason, 
 too, remove protection in spring gradually, and not all at 
 one time (see calendar, page 6). 
 
 A method that has proved successful in one of the coldest 
 sections of the United States is thus vividly described : 
 
28 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Minneapolis Municipal Rose-garden 
 
 ". . . Our principal problem would be to provide proper 
 winter-protection. We took special pains to ripen the wood. 
 We stopped watering and cultivation in September, and dis- 
 couraged late growth. The last week in October w^e gave the 
 beds a very thorough soaking, and a few days after we tied 
 the shoots close together, and piled the soil around the plants 
 as high as we could with material taken from between the 
 plants, so covering from four to six of the lower eyes. The 
 garden was then left in this condition until there were 3 
 or 4 inches of frost in the ground. We then filled in with 
 dry leaves, gathered from the nearby woods. The leaves were 
 thrown in loose and not packed down, and covered the beds to 
 the height of the soil heaped around the plant. We then 
 boarded in the long sides of the beds 2 feet high, and boarded 
 over the top of the bed, but left the two ends open. Over 
 this board cover we spread a layer of bedding, straw and hay. 
 
PROTECTING THE ROSES 29 
 
 "It will be seen by the method of winter-protection herein 
 described that our aim was to prevent, if possible, thawing 
 after frost had set in; to protect the plants from the drying 
 effects of the strong winds, without preventing the free cir- 
 culation of air. We have employed the same method of pro- 
 tection ever since, and generally we have been successful in 
 bringing the plants through winter in very good condition.'* 
 (Article, "The MinneapoHs Municipal Rose-garden in 
 Lyndale Park," by Theodore Wirth, in "The American Rose 
 Annual," 191 6, pages 79, 80.) 
 
 Protecting Tree roses over winter is most important. 
 Set up a box about 2 feet square, and high enough from 
 the ground to encase the head, and fill this with soil to cover 
 all but the topmost branches. No part needs protection 
 more than the point where stock and branches join. Another 
 method is to loosen the earth on two sides of the plants 
 so they may easily be bent over without breaking anything 
 and then, when staked to the ground, cover with 6, 8 or more 
 inches of earth till danger of frost is past in spring, when 
 they may again be reinstated and restaked. In some loca- 
 tions it may prove quite as convenient, and equally effec- 
 tive, to take up the plants entire, and bury them in a trench 
 in the vegetable garden. 
 
 Protecting Roses from Enemies 
 
 Eternal vigilance is the price of perfect flowers, because 
 "prevention is better than cure." Vigorous, healthy plants 
 are seldom troubled much. 
 
 The two golden rules to remember, says Mr. Edward 
 Mawley, one-time President of the National Rose Society of 
 England, are these: "Keep sharp watch out for the first 
 appearance of insect or fungoid pests and adopt measures for 
 destruction at once. Then persevere with the remedy adopted 
 until a cure has been effected." 
 
 Our Lady Rosa hkes cleanHness above all things, and will 
 respond generously to these attentions. Keep your roses 
 clean and healthy and they are almost certain to be happy. 
 
3o^_ HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 The beginner need not be dismayed at the array of troubles 
 that may happen; if they do, these hints are offered as a "first 
 aid." As a matter of fact, not all the pests are hkely to 
 appear in the same garden. Rose-growing is not so compli- 
 cated or difficult as might appear. 
 
 Insects 
 
 Probably our worst enemy to roses is the Rose Chafer 
 C'Rose Bug"), which is particularly severe on sandy soils. 
 For this, handpicking into a vessel of kerosene is effective, or, 
 as a preventive, spray every two weeks through June and 
 July with bordeaux mixture (i ounce to i}4 gallons of water) 
 or a solution of }4 pound of arsenate of lead in 12 gallons of 
 water. This is also a good remedy for the Rose-Slug, which 
 skeletonizes the leaves. It works from' the under side of the 
 foliage so when going after it, turn the fohage down side up 
 and spray it thoroughly. 
 
 Aphides, or Green Flies, attack the plants during May 
 and June, and, if not dispatched, they multiply rapidly, and 
 suck the life-blood from the leaves. A vigorous spraying of 
 black-leaf 40 or whale-oil soap will settle them. Scale 
 seldom bothers any except old, neglected shrub roses. Use 
 scalecide or lime-suIphur wash. 
 
 Diseases 
 
 Of the fungous diseases. Powdery Mildew is by far the 
 worst and most difficult to overcome. It will be recognized 
 as a white mold appearing on the fohage, which, if not 
 checked, will spread. 
 
 This is most hkely to occur in warm, damp weather, and 
 certain varieties, such as Crimson Ramblers, are more sub- 
 ject to its attacks. Bordeaux mixture, apphed at fortnightly 
 intervals, is a good preventive (see formula above). Even 
 better, use sulphur arsenate dust mixture. Formula: Nine 
 parts finely powdered sulphur to one part arsenate of lead. 
 Apply with a dust gun. For Black-Spot, Rust, and other 
 fungous diseases, follow the same course. Also promptly 
 remove and burn foliage thus affected. 
 
PRUNING INFORMATION 31 
 
 Pruning 
 
 If you have bought two- or three-year-old plants, cut 
 them back rather severely at the time of planting — to three 
 or four buds on the Hybrid Perpetuals and about six on 
 the Teas and Hybrid Teas. Always cut the stem just above a 
 bud that points out, never above one that points toward the 
 center of the plant. The term bud or eye is used to define 
 the places on the stem where leaves will be produced. They 
 are easily distinguished, as they look like small, pointed 
 warts on the stems. If the plants are in leaf when planted, 
 the above does not apply. The crop of flowers on the rose 
 plants is largely governed by the kind of pruning the plants 
 receive. In fact, other conditions being ideal, the pruning 
 determines the quantity and the size of the flowers. 
 
 The Hybrid Perpetuals and most other hardy roses 
 should be pruned in March; if weather permits, by the 
 
 ■'■•-, 
 
 ""'■'■•/ 
 
 '•>■■ 
 
 
 
 ..--•■■'•-v.. 
 
 
 V— = -*- 
 
 ^"T^A 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 Ss. 
 
 c^/p^ 
 
 ^T^ '^^ y 
 
 '•>.,_ 
 
 -V::^ 
 
 
 SvV< 
 
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 -^4v 
 
 iW 
 
 
 'i.^..--" 
 
 .----—' 
 
 
 w 
 
 Method of pruning Hybrid Teas for garden display 
 (As recommended Isy the N. R. S. of England) 
 
 middle of the month. The tender roses, the Teas and 
 Hybrids Teas, need not be pruned until along in April, when 
 the sap begins to flow and the buds begin to swell; for, at this 
 time, dead and w^eak wood may be much more easily dis- 
 tinguished and cut out than earlier in the season. Besides, it 
 is an advantage to leave the mulch undisturbed until settled 
 weather has arrived. At the time of pruning, one must 
 
The PERLE DES JARDINS is a standard Tea Rose of rich 
 golden yellow color and fine form; it blooms freely on strong stems. 
 Other newer Roses of related color and great merit are Lady 
 Hillingdon and Alexander Hill Gray. 
 
PRUNING INFORMATION 
 
 33 
 
 
 •■•f^" 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 decide upon the kind of crop wanted. If the very biggest and 
 best flowers are wanted, severe pruning is necessary (see i, 
 page 34) ; if a large crop of average flowers, only moderate 
 pruning (see 2, page 34) ; but, where a quantity of bloom is 
 preferred, only a httle pruning is necessary (see 3, page 34). 
 
 When pruning Hybrid Perpetuals, first cut out the weak 
 wood and any branches that cross; then cut back the strong 
 canes to about six eyes, the top one point- 
 ing out, and the cut being made one-quarter 
 of an inch above the bud. If you want 
 only a few big flowers, cut back to only 
 three or four buds. For the big outdoor 
 display, leave four to seven canes two- 
 thirds their growth. The Teas and Hybrid 
 Teas will need the same attention, but 
 there should be as much or more wood left. 
 In case the winter may have kifled the canes, 
 cut back to five wood, even if down to the 
 surface of the soil. 
 
 These rules are modified somewhat by 
 the character of the plant. The weaker- 
 growing varieties can be cut back farther than 
 strong-growing sorts. The strong-growing 
 kinds, if cut back too heavily, wifl run to 
 wood, and, in the case of some, too heavy 
 pruning may kill the plant. 
 
 Austrian Briar roses (also the Bourbons) need very Httle 
 pruning. The Wichuraianas and many of the Multifloras 
 bloom on the branches produced the previous summer; hence 
 these should be pruned very little during autumn or spring; 
 but when they have finished blooming entirely remove 
 the old flowering shoots to give the new growth plenty of 
 fight and air. 
 
 Cfimbing and PiHar roses need be cut back but one- 
 third to one-fifth, and on old, weH-estabfished plants, the old, 
 enfeebled wood should also be taken out. 
 
 The base of the branches may be prevented from becom- 
 ing bare. In straight branches, the sap goes to the top, leaving 
 
 ; 
 
 Showing where to 
 prune 
 
34 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 little for the buds at the base. Train the branches up crooked 
 by putting sharp bends in the stems within 2 feet of the ground, 
 and fohage will be produced the whole length of the stem. 
 To get a second crop of flowers in autumn, cut 8 to 10 inches 
 of wood with the flowers. Several Hybrid Perpetuals will 
 also bloom in autumn with this treatment. (See below, and 
 
 also the list of 162 roses on pages 
 43 to 62.) 
 
 In autumn extra-long canes will 
 need to be cut back a little, and 
 perhaps tied to a stake or support, 
 to prevent swaying and the con- 
 sequent damage to the roots. 
 
 How to Use This Pruning 
 Information 
 
 Refer to pages 43 to 62 for va- 
 rieties on which information is de- 
 sired. Opposite each name will be 
 found abbreviated directions for 
 pruning. Illustrations herewith 
 will further explain the instructions. The key to these di- 
 rections is fully explained on this and the succeeding page. 
 
 1. Hard. Thin out to the base all but from three to five 
 shoots, and cut these back so as to leave two or three eyes 
 on each shoot. 
 
 2. Moderately Hard. Thin out as No. i, and cut each 
 shoot back to about five to ten eyes. 
 
 3. Medium. Thin out as No. i ; leave four to seven shoots; 
 shorten these shoots to about half their length. 
 
 4. Sparingly. Thin out as No. i; leave four to seven 
 shoots, which should be merely tipped. 
 
 5. Thin. No pruning required; thin out annually. 
 
 6. None. No pruning required; thin out every two or 
 three years, just to keep the plant within bounds. 
 
 7. Climbing, Pillar, and all other roses that are marked 7 
 can be improved by thinning, when one or more of the 
 
 The way to prune and thin 
 out climbing roses 
 
PRUNING INFORMATION 35 
 
 stems show plainly, that they are old and past doing good ser- 
 vice. This should not be necessary oftener than every three 
 years. Kinds marked + are more hkely to need it than 
 kinds marked — . The needs of such roses as Mrs. Peary, 
 Marechal Niel, etc., are not covered by any of the notes, 
 where the chmate is warm enough not to kill back the main 
 stems. In this case, the branches should be trimmed so as 
 to leave from two to ten eyes. 
 
 Ex. Method to use to produce exhibition specimens or 
 large flowers. 
 
 Q. Method to use to produce showy bushes or a quantity 
 of flowers. 
 
 *'NoTE I. — Pruning, therefore, is the art of improving the 
 productive power, and the appearance of the plant. It con- 
 sists of two distinct operations: (i) The removal of dead, 
 weak, overcrowded, or otherwise useless shoots. Unripe 
 wood which in the spring will usually be found to have dis- 
 colored pith, caused by the winter frosts, should be cut clean 
 away at the base of the shoot. (2) Pruning proper, the 
 shortening of those shoots which are allowed to remain after 
 the thinning-out process has been completed. 
 
 "The most frequent errors made in pruning are (i) leav- 
 ing too many shoots when thinning out; (2) pruning severely 
 the shoots of varieties which require little, if any, shortening; 
 (3) pruning lightly the varieties which require severe prun- 
 ing; (4) leaving rose plants crowded with shoots and cutting 
 these to a uniform length afl over the plant in the same 
 way that a hedge is chpped. 
 
 "In thinning out a shoot, it should be either cut clean away 
 to the base of the plant, or to its starting-point on the older 
 shoot from which it springs, as the case may be. When the 
 plant has been pruned, the shoots should be left as nearly as 
 possible equidistant from each other, and regularly arranged 
 around it so that it presents a well-balanced appear- 
 ance on all sides." — National Rose Society's Hand-Book on 
 Pruning. 
 
 Copies of this valuable book may be purchased on apph- 
 cation to Editor "How to Grow Roses," West Grove, Pa. 
 
36 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Own-Root, and Budded or Grafted Roses 
 
 Every rose-grower should learn the difference. In a 
 budded or grafted rose, the top of a good flowering variety 
 has been joined and made to grow upon the 
 root of a "wild" rose. An own-root rose stands 
 on its own feet, so that, if the top be winter- 
 killed, the new growth from the root will bloom 
 true as at first. Not so with the budded or 
 grafted rose. If the top be killed, the "wild" 
 root is worthless; throw it out. 
 
 As a general rule, for application over a 
 broad area, the experience of many people in 
 many difPerent locahties indicates a preference 
 for own-root roses only in such varieties as 
 will make vigorous growth. 
 
 Some types, however, especially some of 
 the Hybrid Teas, when on their own roots pro- 
 duce but poorly. In order to obtain vigorous 
 growth and luxuriant bloom, such kinds are 
 budded or grafted upon the stock of a strong- 
 growing rose. Multiflora, Canina, Manetti, and other stocks 
 are used for this purpose. When planting own-root roses, 
 set in the soil a trifle deeper than the stain of the soil on the 
 stem indicates it grew before. When planting budded or 
 grafted roses, set with the joint or union of top and root an inch 
 below the surface of the soil, and watch for suckers. If there 
 appears any growth originating below the union, dig away 
 the soil and cut it off" close up to the stem; otherwise it may 
 grow up and crowd out the flower-bearing part of the plant. 
 
 Suckers show 7 
 or 9 leaflets. 
 
 The majority 
 of roses grown 
 and planted 
 North are bud- 
 ded; South the 
 The process of ^ H ^ l rcvcrsc is truc, 
 
 budding 
 
 A budded rose 
 may be distin- 
 guished from the 
 own-root by knot- 
 formation of the 
 former. See arrow. 
 
CHOOSING THE RIGHT KINDS 
 
 37 
 
 Selecting the Roses 
 
 This is a vital matter. The most complete and authorita- 
 tive list of roses in our possession shows 10,281 varieties. The 
 most complete collection in any one plantation that has come 
 under our observation we did not attempt to count. It is 
 said to contain about six thousand varieties, including every 
 known species and every variety now obtainable in the 
 civihzed world. (This garden, the Roseraie de L'Hay, will be 
 found more fully described on page 98.) 
 
 The average number of roses actually in commerce in the 
 different countries abroad prior to August 
 I, 1 91 4, was approximately one thousand, 
 while a half of that is the average number 
 
 The luxuriant clusters of the white-flowered Dorothy Perkins, 
 example of the Wichuraiana family 
 
 A good 
 
38 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 offered in America by the leading rose firms whose products 
 can be relied upon as true to name. 
 
 When we recall that the average amateur must confine his 
 selection to a much smaller number even than this, often a 
 choice two dozen kinds, the paramount importance of a 
 proper selection is quite apparent. 
 
 Dr. Liberty H. Bailey, formerly of Cornell University, 
 and editor of that standard authority, "Cyclopedia of 
 American Horticulture," says: "The success of the rose in 
 this country is very largely a question of the selection of 
 adaptable varieties." 
 
 Pemberton, in his excellent work on "Roses," says to be- 
 ginners: "State your requirements to a friend who is an 
 expert and leave the selection to him." This book would be a 
 "friend" to every rose-grower, — how "expert" you must 
 judge from its contents. 
 
 America is a big country, and allowances must be made 
 for differences in soil, climate, and other conditions. Rules 
 are offered for use and application by the reader to the 
 conditions that obtain in his or her locality. If there arise 
 conditions not herein covered, the author will be glad from 
 his own experience to assist readers in solving their individual 
 problems. 
 
 Where do you live? The answer to this question is the 
 first key to the selection of the right roses. Some varieties 
 will withstand severely cold winters from which other varie- 
 ties would die. Do you want dwarf, bedding, pillar, or vigor- 
 ous chmbing roses? Would you prefer a great show for a 
 month or more in the early summer, or a more or less con- 
 tinuous bloom throughout the autumn also? These various 
 important characteristics will be mentioned in the descrip- 
 tions of 162 roses on pages 43 to 62. The following expla- 
 nations will enable you more fully to understand the terms 
 used. We state after the name of each rose: (i) the class to 
 which it belongs; (2) the color of the flower; (3) the char- 
 acter of the leaves, when it is particularly worthy of men- 
 tion; (4) the character of growth (vigorous, moderate, etc.); 
 (5) the purposes for which best suited; (6) the way to prune 
 
SELECTING THE ROSES 
 
 39 
 
 Rosa Wichuraiana has shiny 
 green foliage nearly all the year 
 
 the variety; (7) other noteworthy remarks. We have endeav- 
 ored to avoid all exaggeration. 
 
 After the name of the variety, the class to which it belongs 
 is indicated by the following abbreviations: 
 
 Section I 
 T.— Tea 
 Bou. — Bourbon 
 C. — China 
 H.T.— Hybrid Tea 
 P. — Polyantha 
 T.P. — Tea Polyantha 
 
 Section II 
 
 N. — Noisettes 
 
 C.T. — Climbing Tea 
 
 C.H.T. — Climbing Hybrid Tea 
 
 C.P. — Climbing Polyantha 
 
 C.T.P. — Climbing Tea Polyantha 
 
 Section III 
 A.B. — ^Austrian Briar. Per. — 
 
 Pernetiana, or Hybrid Austrian 
 
 Briar 
 D. — Damask 
 H.P.— Hybrid Perpetual 
 M. — Moss 
 Pr. — Provence 
 R. — Rugosa and Hybrid Rugosa 
 
 Section IV 
 Mult. — Multiflora 
 Bank. — Banksian 
 CI. M.— Climbing Moss 
 S.B. — Sweetbriars 
 W. — Wichuraiana and hybrids 
 
 In addition to 162 leading roses listed on pages 43 to 62 
 inclusive, see also (pages no to 115) a hst of the important 
 roses in each class named above. 
 
SELECTING THE ROSES 41 
 
 It will be helpful to remember, when referring to the 
 above four sections, that sections III and IV contain the 
 hardiest roses. Roses in these classes will hve out over 
 winter in the latitude of Philadelphia without protection, 
 although all roses in this and colder regions will be the better 
 for protection. The classes in sections I and II require careful 
 protection in a cHmate hke this, especially the first ones 
 named in each section, which are better suited for growing 
 south of Washington, D. C, and in correspondingly mild 
 chmates. 
 
 As to bloom, sections I and II will bloom more or less 
 throughout the growing season. Sections III and IV are 
 mostly known as summer bloomers, and are in their greatest 
 glory for only a few weeks in early summer. Some of the 
 Hybrid Perpetuals and Hybrid Austrian Briars will also 
 make an autumn showing. 
 
 The character of growth is indicated upon a scale arranged 
 as follows: Weak, moderate, moderately vigorous, vigorous, 
 very vigorous; "robust" indicates sturdy and bushy, but 
 short growth. Climbers are described either as vigorous 
 climbers, suitable for low pillar or trellis, or very vigorous, 
 suitable for archways, pergolas, or high trellis. 
 
 Terms Used to Describe Appropriate Uses 
 
 (Also key to descriptions on pages 43 to 62) 
 
 Garden. — Recommended for general lawn or garden 
 cultivation. 
 
 Bedding, i. e., free-flowering and of rather compact 
 growth — good for massing in beds, either several of a kind 
 or with other bedding roses. 
 
 Pillar. — Excellent for training up to a low pillar, stake, 
 or post. 
 
 Arch. — For covering an archway. 
 
 Pergola. — For growing over a pergola. 
 
 Wall. — Suitable for training up the face of a wall or 
 side of a building. 
 
 Creeping. — Good for covering a bank, stumps, rocks, etc. 
 
42 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Trellis. — Grows well on a trellis or suppoft. 
 
 Bush. — Makes a good bush when planted alone and 
 allowed to develop. 
 
 Pot, or Cut- Flowers. — Those that have particularly 
 long stems and other quahties that make them pecuharly 
 fitted for cutting. Good also under glass. 
 
 BouTONNiERE. — Well-formcd buds and not so large but 
 that it is appropriate for a buttonhole or corsage bouquet. 
 
 Edging. — Makes an excellent edging to a rose-bed or 
 border, bed, or pathway. 
 
 Hedge.- — ^Adapted for making a hedge, either all one kind 
 or with others. 
 
 Tree or Standard. — Kinds that do well in tree form, as 
 illustrated on page 98. 
 
 Note also at the close of this chapter a section devoted to 
 the best roses for each particular purpose in your garden. 
 We feel that entire dependence may be placed upon these 
 recommendations beginning page 64, based upon the infor- 
 mation gained after many years' correspondence with patrons 
 in all parts of the United States. 
 
 In a broader way the reader will surely find great interest 
 in cultivating a more intimate acquaintance with this great 
 rose family. Opportunity for further study of this subject 
 is offered in the Analysis of Species and outline of different 
 classes beginning on pages 108 and no. 
 
 Following these sets for special purposes, and beginning 
 on page 77, will be found recommendations of the varieties 
 that eminent amateurs, or professionals, have found best 
 adapted to each of eight different typical sections of our 
 country. 
 
 But comparatively few people can actually plant more 
 than a small proportion of any such extended list, and there- 
 fore we list on the. pages immediately following a shorter 
 list of the leading varieties from any of which it will be 
 entirely safe to select. The reader may still have some 
 failures, but they will serve as stepping stones of knowledge 
 surely learned on which to build greater success. 
 
ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 43 
 
 American Pillar 
 
 See page 44 
 
 A Baby Rambler 
 
 See page 44 
 
 Anna de Diesbach 
 
 See page 44 
 
 One Hundred and Sixty-two Choice Roses 
 
 Loving roses as we do; living among them and watching 
 them closely and constantly, under all sorts of conditions; 
 having before us reports upon roses from every country on 
 earth to which our roses go, and knowing, too, the prize- 
 winners and kinds that have pleased amateurs here and 
 almost everywhere; watching the new roses as they "come 
 out," testing all kinds and holding fast to those which are 
 good, — out of an experience hke that has come our choice of 
 these 162 roses. See abbreviations for class, growth, pur- 
 pose, and pruning, explained on pages 39 to 42. 
 
 AGNES EMILY CARMAN. H.R. Flowers brilliant crimson, velvety; 
 very fragrant. Hedge, bush. Perfectly hardy. Prune 5, 7 + - 
 
 ALBERIC BARBIER. H.W. Flowers in clusters, double, creamy 
 white with canary-yellow center; fragrant. ^ Leaves bronzy red in 
 spring and glossy; almost evergreen, and not liable to be troubled with 
 insects. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, banks, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 
 
 ALEXANDER HILL GRAY. T. Flowers deep lemon-yellow, which 
 intensifies as the blooms develop; large, of deep substance and 
 perfect formation. Gold Medal, N. R. S. Garden, bedding, cut- 
 flower. Prune 4. 
 
 ALISTER STELLA GRAY (Golden Rambler). N. Flowers rich apri- 
 cot-yellow, changing to white with yellow center; delightfufly fra- 
 grant and constant in bloom. Moderately vigorous. Pillar, arch, 
 trellis. Needs winter-protection. Prune 5, 7 + « 
 
44 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 AMERICAN BEAUTY. H.P. Flowers deep pink to crimson; intensely 
 fragrant. Cut-flowers. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. 
 
 AMERICAN BEAUTY, CLIMBING. H.W. Flowers deep pink to 
 crimson; fragrant. Produces hundreds of perfect blooms at one time. 
 Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, porch, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 
 
 AMERICAN PILLAR. Mult. Flowers chaste pink; single; large, 3 to 
 4 inches across; in large clusters. Leaves almost evergreen. Very 
 vigorous. Has attractive, brilliant red hips in autumn. Pergolas, 
 pillar, etc. Prune 6, 7. (See illustration in color, on title-page.) 
 
 ANNA DE DIESBACH. H.P. Flowers rose; fragrant; profuse. 
 Garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 43.) 
 
 ANTOINE RI VOIRE. ^ H.T. Creamy white to deeper yellow and 
 peachy pink center. Vigorous. Garden and bedding. Prune 3. 
 
 ARTHUR R. GOODWIN. H.T. Buds and flowers rich coppery 
 orange-red which shades to salmon-pink as the flower ages; very 
 lasting; blooms large and double. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 
 
 AUNT HARRIET. H.W. Flowers scarlet-crimson, very bright. 
 Vigorous. Pergola, pillar. Prune 6, 7. 
 
 AVIATEUR BLERIOT. H.W. Flowers deep saffron-yeUow and 
 copper. Vigorous. Pergola, arch, pillar, etc. Prune 6, 7. 
 
 BABY DOROTHY. P. Flowers bright pink. Incessant bloomer. 
 Dwarf, 20 in. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. 
 
 BABY RAMBLER, RED (Mme. Norbert Levavasseur).^ P. Flowers 
 dark red. Blooms all the time. Dwarf. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. 
 (See cut page 43.) 
 
 BEAUTY OF ROSEMAWR. Bou. Flowers rich carmine-rose, veined 
 with creamy white. Very floriferous. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. 
 
 BESS LOVE rr. H.W. Flowers scarlet-crimson. Very vigorous. 
 Pergola, pillar, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7. 
 
 BETTY. H.T. Flowers coppery rose and golden yellow; very fragrant. 
 A novelty. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 
 BIRDIE BLYE. Mult. Flowers bright satiny rose. Continual bloomer. 
 Grows 4 to 6 feet. Pillar, bush. Prune 5. 
 
 BLANC DOUBLE DE COUBERT. H.R. Flowers white, double, large 
 and showy. Very hardy. Vigorous. Hedge, bush. Prune 5, 7 — . 
 
 BLANCHE MOREAU. M. Flowers pure white; large and full. 
 Bedding. Prune 3. 
 
 BRIDESMAID. T. Flowers rose-pink, crimson-shaded; full and fra- 
 grant. Bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. (See illus- 
 tration in color, page 103.) 
 
 CARMINE PILLAR. C.H.T. Flowers single, rich carmine-red; very 
 fine; looks like a clematis. Vigorous. Trellis, pillar, arch. Prune 5. 
 
^3^ 
 
 With petals fashioned like sea-shells, tinted and toned in shades 
 of rose and pink, superlatives fail in describing the satisfactory beauty 
 of KILLARNEY, the renowned Hybrid Tea Rose. 
 
 Fortunate it is for Rose-lovers that Mother Nature has been so 
 generous in giving us so many members in the Killarney family, 
 all of them rare beauties, such as Killarney Brilliant, KiHarney 
 Oueen, and White Killarney. 
 
 For open-ground planting under different conditions of climate, 
 this Killarney Rose family may be depended upon to repay bounti- 
 fully the attention and care which all Roses should receive. 
 
46 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 CHAMPION OF THE WORLD (Mrs. De Graw). Bou. Flowers rich, 
 rosy pink; large, full and deliciously sweet. Free bloomer. Garden 
 bedding. Prune 5. 
 
 CHATEAU DE CLOS VOUGEOT. H.T. Flowers velvety maroon, 
 shaded fiery red, very dark. Garden. Prune 2. (See illustration, 
 page 47.) 
 
 CHRISTINE \yRIGHT. H.W. Flowers clear wild-rose-pink; beautiful 
 in bud. Foliage large, thick, leathery. Pillar, arch, arbor, trellis. 
 Prune 6, 7. 
 
 CLIO. H.P. Flowers flesh-color, shaded pink; large; fine form. Vigor- 
 ous. A very choice variety. Garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q, 
 
 COLUMBIA. H.T. Flowers rose-pink, very large and double. Garden, 
 bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 
 CONRAD F. MEYER. H.R. Flowers clear silvery rose; large, per- 
 fectly double, elegantly formed; very fragrant; flowers and buds of 
 fine form. Very hardy. Garden, bush or hedge. Prune 6+. 
 
 CORONATION. H.W. Flowers crimson-scarlet. Very vigorous. New. 
 Pergola, arch, porch, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 
 
 CRESTED MOSS. M. Flowers choice pink, and heavily mossed. A 
 
 lovely old favorite. Bedding. Prune 3. 
 DEVON I ENS IS. T. Flowers creamy white with rosy center. Very 
 
 full. An old-time favorite. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 An all-buinnier show ot blooiu. An e\aiuplc ol \\liaLl>ab,\ Ixambkiswil 
 do in a bed 
 
ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 47 
 
 Chateau de Clos Vougeot (see p. 46) 
 
 Sunburst (see page 61) 
 
 DR. W. VAN FLEET. H.W. Flowers rich flesh-color. Stems 18 inches 
 long. CHOICE. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7—. 
 
 DOROTHY PERKINS. H.W. Flowers beautiful shell-pink; free- 
 bloomer; large clusters. Most popular rose in its class and color, 
 and blooms in time for use at June weddings. Very vigorous. Arches, 
 porches, pergolas, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . (See illustration in color, page 58.) 
 
 DOROTHY PERKINS, WHITE. H.W. Flowers snow-white; free- 
 bloomer; large clusters. Very vigorous. Habit like Pink Dorothy 
 Perkins. Arches, porches, pergolas, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 
 
 DUCHESSE DE BRABANT. T. Flowers deep rosy pink, edged with 
 silver. Has been extensively planted about the White House, at 
 Washington, D. C, a free bloomer. Bedding. Prune 4. 
 
 DUCHESS OF WELLINGTON. H.T. Flowers intense saff'ron- 
 yellow. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. (See cut page 49.) 
 
 ELLEN POULSEN. T.P. FIo\vers brilliant pink; full; sweet-scented. 
 Very floriferous. Garden, bedding, edging. Prune 3. 
 
 ERNA TESCHENDORFF. P. Flowers rich crimson, freely produced. 
 An improved Red Baby Rambler. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. 
 
 ETOILE DE FRANCE. H.T. Flowers intense, brilliant crimson; 
 extra-large, double; very free bloomer; fragrant; buds large, pointed. 
 Vigorous. Bedding. A choice variety. Prune 2. 
 
 EXCELSA (Red Dorothy Perkins). H.W. Iridescent rosy crimson. Very 
 vigorous. Late-flowering. Fine in every way. Arch, porch, trellis, 
 etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 
 
48 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Frau Karl Druschki Gen. Jacqueminot 
 
 Gloire Lyonnaise 
 See page 49 
 
 FLORENCE PEMBERTON. H.T. Flowers creamy white, suffused 
 pink; large, full, perfect form; high-pointed center. Bush, garden. 
 Prune 2. 
 
 FRANCIS SCOTT KEY. H.T. Flowers crimson-red and very full. 
 Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI (White American Beauty). H.P. Flowers 
 pure snow-white; immense (4 to 5 inches across), perfectly double. 
 The finest pure white rose in this class; not fragrant. Vigorous. 
 Bedding, bush, garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration.) 
 
 GARDENIA. H.W. Flowers yellow, changing to creamy white; fragrant; 
 free bloomer. Very vigorous; creeping. Prune 6, 7 — . (See illustra- 
 tion in color, page 12.) 
 
 GENERAL JACQUEMINOT. H.P. Flowers brilliant crimson, 
 velvety; fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, garden, pot, and standard. 
 Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 70.) 
 
 GENERAL MACARTHUR. H.T. Flowers glowing crimson-scarlet; 
 fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 2. 
 
 GENERAL-SUPERIOR ARNOLD JANSSEN. H.T. Flowers deep 
 glowing carmine, large, and freely produced. Garden, bedding. 
 Prune 2. 
 
 GEORGE ARENDS (Pink Frau Karl Druschki). H.P. Flowers tender, 
 rose-pink. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 
 GEORGE DICKSON. H.T. Flowers velvety dark crimson, back of 
 petals heavily veined with deep, pure crimson-maroon. Garden, 
 bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 GEORGE ELGER. P. Flowers rich chrome-yellow; small but pro- 
 duced continually. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 
 
 GLOIRE DE CHEDANE GUINOISSEAU. H.P. Flowers bright 
 vermilion-red. Bedding, garden. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 
ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 49 
 
 Duchess of Wellington 
 See page 47 
 
 Los Angeles 
 See page 52 
 
 Ophelia 
 See page 59 
 
 GLOIRE LYONNAISE. H.P. Flowers pale lemon; large. Very vig- 
 orous. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, 
 page 48.) 
 
 GRUSS AN AACHEN.^ T.P.^ Flowers flesh-pink and yellow; very 
 double and free-flowering. Vigorous. Edging, bedding. Prune 4. 
 
 GRUSS AN TEPLITZ. H.T. Flowers bright crimson; free bloomer. 
 Vigorous. Garden, bedding, bush, and standard. Prune 5. 
 
 GRUSS AN TEPLITZ, CLIMBING. C.H.T. Flowers crimson, pass- 
 ing to velvety, fiery red. Vigorous. Pillar, arch. Prune 7—. 
 
 HADLEY. H.T. Flowers deep velvety crimson that does not fade; 
 perfectly formed. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 
 HARISON'S YELLOW. A.B. Flowers clear golden yellow cover the 
 bush; blooms early. Vigorous. Bush, hedge. Prune 5. 
 
 HARRY KIRK. T. Flowers deep suIphur-yellow with edge of petals 
 lighter; intensely fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 HENRI MARTIN. M. Flowers bright rosy red; fragrant; large. Free 
 bloomer; vigorous. Fine in its class. Prune 3. 
 
 HERMOSA. C. Flowers pink, in clusters; fragrant. Free bloomer; 
 vigorous. Garden, bedding, and standard. Prune 3. 
 
 HIAWATHA. H.W. Flowers brilliant scarlet; single; bright and 
 effective. Vigorous. Arch, trellis, etc. Prune 6, 7 — .' 
 
 HOOS I ER BEAUTY. H.T. Flowers glowing crimson; one of the rich- 
 est-colored roses in cultivation; large, full, and deliciously sweet. 
 Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. 
 
 HUGH DICKSON. H.P. New. Flowers brilliant crimson, shaded 
 scarlet; very large and full; fine form. Free-flowering and vigorous. 
 Highly perfumed. Garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 
50 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 HUGONIS. Species. New. Flowers dear yellow, single, but produced 
 in such profusion that they almost hide the foliage. Foliage is small 
 and dainty, more like an acacia than a rose leaf. Hardy everywhere 
 in the United States. Bush, hedge. Prune 5. 
 
 HUGO ROLLER. T. Flowers lemon-yellow and crimson. A tea- 
 scented "pictorial" flower. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. 
 
 IRISH FIREFLAME. H.T. Flowers orange and crimson; large and 
 single, borne in lovely sprays. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 
 
 J. B. CLARK. H.P. Flowers intense, deep scarlet, shaded blackish 
 crimson. Vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 
 JONKHEER J. L. MOCK. H.T. Flowers carmine on the outside, 
 lovely soft pink inside. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. 
 
 JOSEPH HILL. H.T. Flowers pure salmon and gold, outside of petals 
 pinkish copper. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 JULIET. Per. Flowers old-goId on the outside while the inside is rosy 
 red, changing to deep rose as the flowers expand. Large, fuH, and 
 dehghtfully fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. 
 
 KAISERIN AUGUSTE VICTORIA. H.T. Flowers white, shading 
 to lemon; deep; full; fragrant. Free bloomer. Garden. Prune 3. 
 (See page 60.) 
 
 KATHARINA ZEIMET (White Baby Rambler). P. Flowers pure 
 white, blooms incessantly. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. (See illustra- 
 tion, page 46.) 
 
 KILLARNEY. H.T. Flowers brilliant pink; long, pointed buds. Free 
 bloomer; moderately vigorous. A great favorite. Garden, bedding, 
 cut-flower. Prune 3. (See illustration in color, page 45.) 
 
 KILLARNEY BRILLIANT. H.T. Flowers larger, more double, and 
 
 a deeper pink than the parent Killarney; fragrant. A free bloomer. 
 
 Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. 
 KILLARNEY, WHITE. H.T. Flowers pure white, long-pointed buds. 
 
 Vigorous. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. (See illustration, 
 
 page 153.) 
 LADY ALICE STANLEY. H.T. Flowers deep coral-rose and pale 
 
 flesh; large; exceptionally full; very lasting when cut. Garden, bed- 
 ding, cut-flower. Prune 3. 
 LADY ASHTOWN. H.T. Flowers pale rose, shading to yellow at base 
 
 of petals. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 LADY ASHTOWN, CLIMBING. C.H.T. Flowers pale rose, shading 
 
 to yellow at base of petals. Vigorous. Pillar, trellis, arch. Prune 6. 
 LADY HILLINGDON. T. Flowers deep apricot-yellow, shading to 
 
 orange. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. (See cut, page 52.) 
 LADY MARY WARD. H.T. Flowers rich orange, shaded deeper 
 
 orange with metallic veneering. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 LADY PIRRIE. H.T. Flowers coppery red, changing to salmon and 
 
 ivory-white. Garden, bedding. Prune 2, 
 
AinoHK ;Iie pink Hvhrid IVrixMual Roses, MRS. JOHN LAING 
 stands well in the lead, — not so large as Paul Neyron, but more *'"€'« m 
 bloom, with excellent form, clear color and rich fragrance. GEORGE 
 ARENDS also is worth noting as in the same class with the above and 
 with even hner form. 
 
S2 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Lady Hillingdon (see page 50) 
 
 Wm. R. Smith (see page 62) 
 
 LA FRANCE. H.T. Flowers silvery rose, changing to pink; fine form; 
 sweet; large; lovely buds. Moderately vigorous. Garden, bush, 
 standard, and cut-flower. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 53.) 
 
 LA TOSCA. H.T. Flowers rose. Free bloomer; good; vigorous. Gar- 
 den, bush, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. 
 
 lAURENT CARLE. H.T. Flowers brilliant, velvety carmine; large 
 and perfect; intensely fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (Seep. 57.) 
 
 LE POILU. H.W. Flowers satiny rose, passing to pinkish lavender. 
 Vigorous. Pergola, arch, porch, etc. Prune 6. 
 
 LOS ANGELES. H.T. Flowers luminous pale pink and coral shaded 
 with gold; large and very fragrant. Vigorous. Garden bedding. 
 Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 49.) 
 
 LOUISE CATHERINE BRESLAU. Per. Flowers shrimp-pink, 
 shaded with reddish coppery orange and chrome-yellow on the 
 reverse of petals. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. 
 
 LOUISE WELTER (Baby Tausendschon). P. Flowers deep pink to 
 white, identical in color with the popular climbing Tausendschon, or 
 Thousand Beauties, Bedding, edging. Prune 5. 
 
 MME. ALFRED CARRIERE. N. Flowers cream-white, tinged pale 
 yellow; large, full, double, and sweet. Vigorous grower. Porch, arch, 
 trellis. Prune 7. 
 
 MME. CAMILLE. T. Flowers flesh, changing to salmon; large, full 
 and sweet. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 MME. CAROLINE TESTOUT. H.T. Flowers clear pink, edged sil- 
 very rose. Magnificent variety. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See 
 illustration in color, page 12.) 
 
ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 53 
 
 Magna Charta 
 See page 56 
 
 White Killarney 
 See page 50 
 
 La France 
 
 See page 52 
 
 MME. CAROLINE TESTOUT, CLIMBING. C.H.T. Flowers clear, 
 rich pink; large and full. Vigorous. Pillar, arch, trellis. Prune 7. 
 
 MME. CHARLES LUTAUD. H.T. Flowers deep chrome-yellow, 
 sometimes tinged rosy scarlet. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 MME. EDMOND ROSTAND. H.T. Flowers pale flesh, shaded with 
 salmon, center reddish orange — distinct and charming. Garden, 
 bedding. Prunie 5. 
 
 MME. EDOUARD HERRIOT (The Daily Mail Rose). Per. The 
 most unique variety, recently introduced. Flowers medium size, 
 semi-double, superbly colored, coral-red shaded with yellow and 
 bright rosy scarlet, passing to prawn- red. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. 
 
 MME. EUGENE MARLITT. Bou. Flowers carmine-red; fragrant. 
 Free bloomer. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 4, tip severely. 
 
 MME. JULES GROLEZ. H.T. Flowers china-rose, passing to clear, 
 rich satiny pink. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 MME. LEON PAIN. H.T. Flowers silvery salmon, center orange- 
 yellow. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 MME. MELANIE SOUPERT. H.T. Flowers salmcn-yellow, suffused 
 carmine; fragrant. Free bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune2. (Seep. 61.) 
 
 MME. PLANTIER. Alba. Flowers pure white. Vigorous; very free 
 bloomer. Bush, hedge. Prune 6. 
 
 MME. RAVARY. H.T. Flowers rich orange-yellow. Free-blooming 
 and deliciously fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 MME. SECOND WEBER. H.T. Flowers salmon-flesh color, deep 
 pink when opening. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 MLLE. CECILE BRUNNER, P. Flowers seashell-pink, borne in 
 sprays continually. Garden, bedding, bouquets. Prune 5, 
 
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 -GARDEN IN HARRISBURG 
 
56 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Miss Alice de Rothschild 
 
 See page 57 
 
 Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller 
 See page 57 
 
 MAGNA CHARTA. H.P. Flowers pink, suffused with carmine. 
 Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 53.) 
 
 MAM AN COCHET. T. Flowers deep coral-pink; large, very double, 
 full; fragrant. Vigorous. Garden, bush. Prune 2. 
 
 MAMAN COCHET, PINK, CLIMBING. C.T. Flowers coral-pink, 
 shaded rosy crimson. Porch, pergola, arch, etc. Prune 4. 
 
 MAMAN COCHET, WHITE. T. Flowers pure white; large, full and 
 fragrant; buds long, pointed. Garden, bush. Prune 2. 
 
 MARECHAL NIEL. N. Flowers deep yellow; large, globular, full 
 and sweet. Vigorous. A most beautiful climber. Hardy only in the 
 South. Porch, pillar, pot, standard, etc. Prune 5. 
 
 MARIE PAVIE. T.P. Flowers white with delicate rose center. Un- 
 surpassed as a bush cemetery rose. Blooms unceasingly and is quite 
 hardy. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 
 
 MARIE VAN HOUTTE. T. Flowers pale yellow, edged rose; large, 
 full, and fragrant. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 MARQUISE DE SINETY. H.T._ Buds rich yellow-ocher, suffused with 
 carmine; the expanded flower is yellow, shaded rosy red. Garden, 
 bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 MARY, COUNTESS OF ILCHESTER. H.T. Flowers beautiful 
 crimson-carmine; very large and double. Garden, bedding. Prune 2, 
 
 MARY LOVETT. W. Flowers pure pearly white; same type as the 
 beautiful Dr. W. Van Fleet. Pergola, arch, etc. Prune 6, j — . 
 
ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS S7 
 
 Mrs. Aaron Ward 
 
 Laurent Carle (see page 52) 
 
 MAY QUEEN. W. Flowers clear bright pink and deliciously sweet. 
 A great bloomer. Pergola, arch, pillar, bush, hedge. Prune 6. 
 
 MISS ALICE DE ROTHSCHILD. T. Flowers rich yellow. We caU 
 it hush Marechal Niel, although it is hardier. Garden, bedding. 
 Prune 2. (See illustration, page 57.) 
 
 MRS. AARON WARD. H.T. Flowers Indian yellow, sometimes 
 tinged salmon-rose. Garden, bedding; boutonniere. Prune 2. (See up.) 
 
 MRS. A. R. WADDELL. H.T. Flowers coppery red, sufFused with 
 salmon. Incessant bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See p. 61.) 
 
 MRS. B. R. CANT. T. Flowers rose-red; large, full, perfectly double; 
 fragrant. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 
 
 MRS. EMILY GRAY. H.W. Flowers yellow; does not fade. Very 
 vigorous. Porch, arch, pergola, wall, etc. Prune 7. 
 
 MRS. JOHN LAING. H.P. Flowers soft pink; large, full, and fragrant. 
 Free bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 (See illustration in color, page 51.) 
 
 MRS. ROBERT PEARY. C.H.T. Flowers lemon-white, perfectly 
 formed. Moderately vigorous. Pillar, trellis. Prune 5. 
 
 MRS. WAKEFIELD CHRISTIE-MILLER. H.T. Flowers soft 
 pearly blush. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 56.} 
 
 MY MARYLAND. H.T. Flowers lovely salmon-pink, very freely 
 produced on long stems. Garden, bedding, cutting. Prune 2. 
 
The list of Hardy Climbing Roses has been wonderfully 
 enriched during the last fifteen years by the addition of such 
 varieties as DOROTHY PERKINS (as pictured above); also 
 White Dorothy and Excelsa, or Red Dorothy. 
 
 Their long, willowy branches, easily trained over almost any 
 object, will, with reasonable care and nourishment, often attain 
 a length of 20 feet in one season. 
 
ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 59 
 
 NEW CENTURY. H.R. Flowers clear flesh-pink with light red center; 
 deliciously sweet fragrance, like the wild rose. Extremely hardy. 
 Hedge, bush, or garden. Prune 6. 
 
 OPHELIA. H.T. Flowers salmon-flesh color, shaded with rose. 
 Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. (See iflustration, page 49.) 
 
 ORLEANS. P. Flowers vivid rosy crimson. Garden, bedding, edging. 
 Prune 3. 
 
 PAUL NEYRON. H.P. Flowers deep rose; fragrant; opens flat. Vig- 
 orous. Bedding, garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 
 PAUL'S SCARLET CLIMBER. H.W. Flowers vivid scarlet. Vig- 
 orous; very fine. Porch, arch, pergola, wall, etc. Prune 7. 
 
 PERLE DES JARDINS. T. Flowers deep yellow; very large, full, and 
 fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration in color, 
 page 32.) 
 
 PERSIAN YELLOW. A.B. Flowers deep, rich, golden yellow. 
 Garden, bush, hedge. Prune 6. (See illustration in color, page 63.) 
 
 PHARISAER. H.T. Flowers rosy white, shaded with salmon. Vig- 
 orous. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA RAMBLER. Mult. Flowers intense crimson; 
 
 double; in large clusters. Very vigorous. Arch, porch, etc. Hardy. 
 
 Prune 6 — , 7+. 
 PRINCE CAMILLE DE ROHAN. H.P. Flowers velvety crimson; 
 
 large. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 
 QUEENS SCARLET. C. Flowers rich velvety scarlet; size medium. 
 Constant in bloom. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 
 
 Mrs. John Laing (see page 57) 
 
6o 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Rayon d'Or 
 
 Kaiserin Auguste Victoria 
 See page 50 
 
 RADIANCE. H.T. Flowers rosy carmine and pink. Fine for mass 
 planting. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 RAYON D'OR. Per. Flowers rich yellow, turning to sunflower- 
 yellow. Foliage very fine. Vigorous. Garden. Prune 3. (See cut.) 
 
 RED RADIANCE. H.T. Flowers clear cerise-red. Vigorous. Garden, 
 bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 
 ROGER LAMBELIN. H.P. Flowers glowing crimson with pure white 
 around the edge of each petal. Unique. Garden, bedding. Prune i 
 for Ex., 3 for Q. 
 
 RUBY QUEEN. H.W. Flowers ruby, with white center; large; double; 
 in clusters. Vigorous. Pergola, pillar, etc. Prune 6, 7 + . 
 
 RUGOSA ALBA. R. Flowers snow-white; large; single. Free bloomer. 
 Very vigorous. Bush, hedge. Prune 6. 
 
 RUGOSA RUBRA. R, Flowers rosy crimson; large; single. Free 
 bloomer. Very vigorous. Bush, hedge. Prune 6. 
 
 SAFRANO. T. Flowers apricot-yellow; fragrant; semi-double. Con- 
 stant bloomer. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 3. 
 
 SHOWER OF GOLD. H.W. Flowers deep golden yellow, borne in 
 fine trusses. Beautiful, vivid, glossy green foliage. Very vigorous. 
 Arch, pergola, porch, etc. -Prune 6, 7 — . 
 
 SILVER MOON. H.W. Flowers snow-white; very large; single. Very 
 vigorous. Arch, pergola, porch, etc. Prune 7. 
 
ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 6i 
 
 Mme. Melanie Soupert 
 See page 53 
 
 Mrs. A. R. Waddell 
 See page 57 
 
 SIR THOMAS LIPTON. H.R. Flowers pure white; fragrant. Con- 
 stant bloomer. Leaves beautiful. Very hardy. Vigorous. Hedge, bush. 
 Prune 5, 7 + . 
 
 SOLE I L D'OR (Sun of Gold). Per. Flowers reddish gold, orange-yel- 
 low, nasturtium-red, and rosy pink; spicy orange fragrance. Garden, 
 bedding. Prune 4. 
 
 SOUV. DE GUSTAVE PRAT. H.T. Flowers clear light sulphur- 
 yellow. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 SOUV. DE LA MALMAISON. Bou. Flowers lovely creamy flesh with 
 rose center, elegantly shaded. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 
 
 SOUV. DE PIERRE NOTTING. T. Flowers apricot-yellow, shaded 
 orange. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 SOUV. DU PRESIDENT CARNOT. H.T. Flowers shell-pink, tinted 
 with fawn; large and full. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. 
 
 SUNBURST. H.T. Flowers intense orange-copper and golden yellow. 
 Extra fine. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
 
 SWEETBRIAR (R. rubiginosa). S.B. Flowers pink; single. Foliage 
 delightfully fragrant. Vigorous. Hedge, bush. Prune 6, 7+. 
 
 TAUSENDSCHON. Mult. Flowers white to deep pink. Very vig- 
 orous. Has few thorns. Fine. Porch, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . (See 
 illustration in color, page 78.) 
 
 TIP-TOP (Baby Doll). P. Flowers pink, yellow gold, and lavender 
 combined. Dwarf grower. Bedding, edging. Prune 5, 
 
62 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 ! -^« 
 
 ^ 
 
 fei 
 
 ,% 
 
 ^4 
 
 M 
 
 t'*^?i.- 
 
 'H 
 
 
 7^ 
 
 A tasteful arrangement of Ulrich Brunner roses 
 
 ULRICH BRUNNER. H.P. Flowers rich red; fragrant; petals broad, 
 round, thick. A standard variety. Vigorous. Garden, bedding, and 
 standard. Prune l for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, 
 page 94.) 
 
 VIRIDIFLORA. C. Flowers with curious green petals, like a 
 bunch of calyxes. Fine for St. Patrick's Day. Blooms freely. Garden. 
 Prune 2. 
 
 WICHURAIANA. W. Flowers pure white; single. Leaves glossy, 
 free from insects. Will grow anywhere. Splendid for holding banks 
 from washing. Vigorous. Creeping. Prune 6, 7 + . 
 
 WILLIAM ALLEN RICHARDSON. N. Flowers coppery yellow, 
 tinged with carmine; deliciously fragrant. Not hardy. Splendid for 
 the South. Vigorous. Porch, pillar. Prune 5. 
 
 WM. R. SMITH. T. Blush-pink; large; full. Vigorous grower. Gar- 
 den, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 52.) 
 
 WILLIAM SHEAN. H.T. Flowers pure pink with delicate ochery 
 venation; very large. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 3. 
 
 WILLOWMERE. H.T. Flowers rich shrimp-pink, shaded yellow 
 in the center. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. 
 
 YORK AND LANCASTER. Damask. Flowers striped red and 
 white. Very hardy. A very old and rather rare rose. Associated 
 with the "Wars of the Roses." Garden. Prune 4. ''See illustration, 
 page 7.) 
 
'I he beautiful PERSIAN YELLOW Rose is eom- 
 mencled highly, especially to those living in the colder 
 sections of our country. 
 
 Its rich coloring and hardiness, combined with its early 
 season of bloom and fragrant young foliage, give it a 
 value among Roses comparable to the value of gold 
 among metals. 
 
 A cousin to this Rose is HARISON'S YELLOW; like 
 It in color but less double in bloom and more able to care 
 for itself wherever planted. Both bloom earlier than even 
 the Rugosas though not so early as HUGONIS. 
 
64 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 La France. Beautiful on the lawn; just as fine in vases 
 
 Roses for Various Purposes and Uses 
 Twelve Star Varieties 
 
 In selecting the best roses, there are so many qualities to 
 be considered that it requires a large collection and unusual 
 opportunities to watch and study them under every possible 
 condition they are hkely to encounter. We have been 
 fortunate in having unusual facihties for this experimental 
 work. Furthermore, our observation extends over a long 
 period of years, during which, each season, we have obtained 
 and tried out all new sorts of promise, and thus aim to have 
 the best obtainable constantly on trial. We also travel 
 extensively and visit rose-gardens in many states of the 
 Union. Due regard has been given to the published experi- 
 ences of other dependable rose-lovers, in reaching our own 
 conclusions. 
 
 To pass our severe test, a rose must prove itself a vigorous 
 grower and an abundant bloomer, and must also excel its 
 rivals either in size, color, form, fragrance, or habit. 
 
 So many friends ask us to select their roses that we believe 
 they must have read Pemberton's advice. (See page 38.) 
 
ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 
 
 65 
 
 These pages answer your questions before you ask them; 
 they save you the expense of experiments; and, if you do 
 your part, you can count on a reward of good bloom. 
 
 Columbia (H.T.). Pink. 
 Duchess of Wellington (H.T.). 
 
 Yellow. 
 Frau Karl Druschki (H.P.). White. 
 General Mac Arthur (H.T.). Red. 
 Gruss an Teplitz (H.T.). Red. 
 Kaiserin Auguste Victoria (H.T.). 
 
 White. 
 
 Los Angeles (H.T.). Pink. 
 Prince Camille de Rohan (H.P.). 
 
 Red. 
 Radiance (H.T.). Pink. 
 Red Radiance (H.T.). Red. 
 Sunburst (H.T.). Yellow. 
 White Maman Cochet (T.). White. 
 
 Twelve Cold-Country Roses 
 
 Here are roses selected from among those that live out- 
 doors over winter and thrive in locahties north of the lati- 
 tude of New York and Chigago. These laugh at zero weather. 
 
 Conrad F. Meyer (H.R.). Pink. 
 Frau Karl Druschki (H.P.). White. 
 George Arends (H.P.). Pink. 
 Gloire de Chedane Guinoisseau 
 
 (H.P.). Red. 
 Gloire Lyonnaise (H.P,). Cream. 
 Hugh Dickson (H.P.). Red. 
 
 May Queen (H.W.). Pink. 
 Mrs. John Laing (H.P.). Pink. 
 Paul Neyron (H.P.). Pink. 
 Sir Thomas Lipton (H.R.). White. 
 Souv. de P. Leperdrieux (H.R.). 
 
 Red. 
 Ulrich Brunner (H.P.). Red. 
 
 W^ 
 
 Hybrid Rugosas 
 
 Invaluable for cold-country planting, 
 the beautiful foliage 
 
66 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Nearly every Rome may have a dozen buslies like tliese 
 
 Twelve Sunny South Roses 
 
 If you live on the sunny side of the frost-Kne and wish a set 
 of superior sorts for a warm country, here are twelve that we 
 know you will find supremely satisfying. 
 
 These are our favorite twelve in a cHmate where there is 
 httle danger from frost. They will winter well as far north as 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Countess of Gosford (H.T.). Sal- 
 mon. 
 
 Duchess of Wellington (H.T.). 
 Yellow. 
 
 Hadley (H.T.). Red. 
 
 Hoosier Beauty (H.T.). Red. 
 
 Maman Cochet (T.). Pink. 
 
 Marie Van Houtte (T.). Tinted. 
 
 Mme. Melanie Soupert (H.T.). 
 
 Yellow. 
 Mrs. B. R. Cant (T.). Red. 
 Radiance (H.T.). Pink. 
 Safrano (T.). Yellow. 
 Sunburst (H.T.). Yellow. 
 White Killarney (H.T.). White. 
 
ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 
 
 67 
 
 Climbing Roses That Will Cover Quickly, 
 Trellises, Porches, Buildings, Etc. 
 
 Every home has room for a few climbers, because vines 
 around a house decorate it as nothing else does, and to have 
 vines that will hand you forth roses — imagine the pleasure 
 of that! 
 
 Where you hve makes a difference; roses that will grow 
 to cover your house with bloom in northern New England 
 are not the kinds to do the same in the sunny South. So, 
 think of these things when you order, or, better still, leave it 
 all to your grower, who will select to suit your home and 
 chmate. For example, here are three sets, each one good for 
 the section indicated. Order accordingly, and you will get 
 pleasing results. 
 (See list of climbing roses recommended for this purpose on page 68.) 
 
 ^'^'^^^^^ 
 
 Dorothy Perkins roses in cold New England, growing over a cottage of 
 Thos. W. Lawson, Dreamwold, Massachusetts. 
 
68 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 We recommend the following roses for the uses described 
 on the preceding page: 
 
 For a Warm Climate — Everblooming Climbers — Page 
 
 Climbing Gruss an Teplitz. Red 49 
 
 Mrs. Robert Peary. White 57 
 
 Marechal Niel. Yellow ^6 
 
 Climbing Pink Maman Cochet. Pink 56 
 
 For a Tem,perate Climate (latitude of Philadelphia and New York) — 
 
 Dorothy Perkins. Pink 47 
 
 Excelsa (Red Dorothy). Red 47 
 
 White Dorothy Perkins. White 47 
 
 Mrs. Emily Gray. Yellow 57 
 
 For a Cold Climate (where winters are long and severe) — 
 
 Dr. W. Van Fleet. Pink 47 
 
 Mary Lovett. White 56 
 
 Ruby Queen. Red 60 
 
 Tausendschon. Pink and white 61 
 
 Archways, Arbors, Summer-Houses, Pergolas, and 
 for Beautifying Boundaries, Fences, Etc. 
 
 Certain roses 
 lend themselves 
 admirably to being 
 trained over objects 
 on which they can 
 have support. The 
 best kinds for such 
 a purpose, we think, 
 are: 
 
 Dorothy Perkins. 
 
 Pink 47 
 
 Ruby Queen. Red 60 
 American Pillar, 
 
 Single. Pink . . 
 Excelsa (Red 
 
 Dorothy Perkins) 
 Tausendschon. 
 
 Blush ..... 61 
 Aviateur Bleriot. 
 
 Yellow .... 44 
 
 Quite as pretty 
 an effect may be 
 had with certain 
 other kinds by 
 
 44 
 
 47 
 
 Effective uses of Hybrid Wichuraianas 
 
ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 
 
 lovely spot in the famous Gravereaux Rose-garden near Paris 
 
 allowing them to grow over a fence, as shown on page 71. 
 Their willowy vine-like branches are very graceful, the 
 fohage is shiny and almost evergreen, giving these the 
 advantage over the Ramblers of being attractive even when 
 not in bloom and almost the entire year. 
 
 Alberic Barbier 43 
 
 Coronation 46 
 
 Dorothy Perkins. Pink ... 47 
 
 Dorothy Perkins. White . . 47 
 
 Excelsa 47 
 
 Page 
 
 Gardenia 48 
 
 Le Poilu 52 
 
 Silver Moon 60 
 
 Universal Favorite. Pink . .115 
 Wichuraiana, Single. White . 62 
 
 The above-mentioned roses flower during one period of 
 the year only, but are hardier for cold chmates than the fol- 
 lowing, which, if well cared for and properly nourished, will 
 continue to produce some bloom during summer and autumn. 
 
 Page 
 
 Climbing Gruss an Teplitz. Red 49 
 
 Climbing Killarney. Pink 115 
 
 Climbing Lady Ashtown. Pink 50 
 
 Chmbing Mme. Caroline Testout 115 
 
 Climbing Pink Maman Cochet $6 
 
 Chmbing White Kilhirney 115 
 
 Reine Marie Ilenricttc 115 
 
 Shower of Gold. Yellow; shiny foliage 60 
 
THE STANDARD HYBRID PERPETUAL, GEKf. JACQUEMINOT 
 
 Do you know the quaint custom that still holds in one of the country- 
 towns of Pennsylvania, whereby, in accordance with the will of Baron 
 Stiegel, there is paid for the church property, with an appropriate anniver- 
 sary celebration, an annual rental of one red Rose? 
 
 No other Rose can be counted upon for this service so surely as the dear 
 old favorite "Jack." 
 
ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 
 
 71 
 
 For Covering a Bank, Stumps, or Like Objects 
 
 The Wichuraiana is an ideal cover rose. It is remarkably 
 free from both insects and disease and looks clean and fresh 
 the entire year. 
 
 It bears bright berries, which the birds like. Enterprising 
 
 railroad companies use Wichuraianas to hold embankments 
 
 in place; they also add to the roadside beauty. 
 
 Gardenia (Hardy Marechal Nfel). Yellow. (See page 48.) 
 Coronation. (New.) Pink. (See page 46.) 
 Universal Favorite (Double Pink Memorial). (See page 115.) 
 Wichuraiana (Single). White. For growing on banks. One plant of 
 Wichuraiana will easily cover 6 square feet of ground. (See page 62.) 
 
 Most of the Hybrid Wichuraianas are also well suited for 
 covering purposes. 
 
 
 %J^" 
 
 
 ^■m 
 
 *^^3»» 
 
 Here is a beautiful hint, easily and cheaply adopted by anyone whose 
 fences are bare. See varieties mentioned above 
 
72 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 For Screen Planting and Borders, or Beautifying 
 the Unsightly 
 
 Almost every lawn might be improved, if some uncomely 
 object or portion in the rear were screened from view. The 
 right kind of roses will do it, and give you something beauti- 
 ful instead. There are two ways to do it: (i) put up a trellis 
 and train over it the roses named on page 71; or (2) if it be 
 a low screen, you need only to plant the tall, erect-grow- 
 ing Rugosa roses. And if you want a luxuriant growth, dig 
 the ground deeply and give these roses plenty of rich 
 nourishment. 
 
 Page _ Page 
 
 Birdie BIye. Pink 44 Hugonis. Yellow 50 
 
 Conrad F. Meyer. Silvery pink 46 May Queen. Pink 57 
 
 Christine Wright. Pink . . .46 Ruby Queen. Ruby-red . . 60 
 Harison's Yellow 49 Sir Thomas Lipton. White. . 61 
 
 These eight varieties, if set in one group, should be placed 
 at least 2 to 3 feet apart. 
 
 Wonderfully pleasing effects may be obtained for screen- 
 ing out undesirable objects or views by the erection of trelhs 
 formations. These may be made of various designs and 
 materials. Over these train the roses recommended on 
 pages 68 and 69. 
 
 fence made beautiful with Wichurjiana roseS 
 
ROSES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES 
 
 73 
 
 The tree Roses in the Bagatelle Gardens in Paris are much larger than 
 are customarily seen in American gardens. Some of these are 12 feet high, 
 having been budded with Wichuraianas that weep to the ground. 
 
 Standard or Tree Roses 
 
 Tree roses add a distinct touch of elegance to any rose- 
 garden. They occupy but little space and are quite imposing. 
 Along the sides of walks they produce an avenue effect. 
 They look well in the center of a small bed or even appro- 
 priately placed in the perennial border. 
 
 Tree roses are produced by budding such cHmbing and 
 bush roses as Dorothy Perkins or Gruss an TepHtz on the 
 tops of heavy, erect, cane-hke stocks. The bush roses may 
 be kept shapely. The cHmbers will w^eep to the ground. 
 
 Tree roses in the past have been less used in this country 
 than in Europe because they are harder to grow in our ch- 
 mate, where summers are sometimes hot and dry. To over- 
 come this handicap you can wrap the tall, slender stalks with 
 moss arid keep that moist. Such care, with special winter pro- 
 tection, is hkely to be well repaid. They are quite scarce. 
 
74 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Rose Hedges 
 
 These boundary markers are certainly coming to be more 
 and more popular as people learn about the splendid quah- 
 ties of the Rugosa roses, Sweetbriars, or Altaica for this pur- 
 pose. They are not neat, compact, and uniform in growth 
 as is a hedge of California Privet, but the thick, bushy mass 
 of glossy, crinkled foliage, especially of the Rugosa, gives 
 a particularly fine appearance. They are perfectly hardy in 
 the coldest winters and are more valuable because the foli- 
 age is not troubled with either insects or disease. 
 
 In warmer countries, or even in our own latitude, a single 
 row of a free-flowering, erect, bushy rose is sure to be pretty 
 and very satisfactory where one wishes simply to mark a 
 boundary, as, for example, between the vegetable- and flower- 
 garden. For this purpose, Gruss an Aachen, (see page 49) is 
 excellent. The small-flowered Polyanthas are also popular, 
 especially Baby Rambler, Marie Pavie, and Baby Dorothy. 
 The list could readily be extended, and each one would be well 
 worth planting. (See list of Polyanthas, page 113.) 
 
 Hybrid Wichuraianas, if given some support, make an excellent hedge 
 
ROSES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES 
 
 75 
 
 Roses for the Cemetery 
 
 For some cemeteries we recommend roses that almost care 
 for themselves — the Wichuraiana type. They creep hke ivy 
 and make a mat of shiny fohage which is green for eleven 
 months. 
 
 Next to these, we hke the dwarf, compact-growing, free- 
 flowering Polyanthas, especially the White Baby Rambler, 
 Gruss an Aachen, Marie Pa vie, and Echo. If you can care 
 for bush roses, select from the "Best Yet" sets, according to 
 locahty. If you want some of the sturdiest growers obtain- 
 able, choose from this list: 
 
 Page 
 
 Conrad F. Meyer (H.R.). Pink 46 
 
 Sir Thomas Lipton (H.R.). White 61 
 
 Frau Karl Druschki (H.P.). White 48 
 
 Mme. Plantier (Alba). White 53 
 
 Single Roses 
 
 These are an interesting 
 group in themselves and rep- 
 resented in various classes. 
 The single Irish roses are 
 best among the Hybrid 
 Teas. 
 
 Irish Elegance (see cut) 
 Irish Brightness 
 Irish Fireflame 
 
 The species are most 
 interesting specimens, 
 among which are 
 Xanthina, Moy- 
 esii,andHugonis. . 
 One of the largest 
 flowered of the 
 subspecies is 
 Altaica (page 109) 
 
 For Edging Beds 
 See Polyanthas, p. 113. 
 
76 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Columbia (see page 46) 
 
 Radiance (see page 60) 
 
 For *Torcing" under Glass or for Indoor 
 Winter Bloom 
 
 These varieties are grown by professional florists in glass- 
 houses where they can with nicety regulate the supply of 
 heat and moisture, to produce the long-stemmed "beauties" 
 seen in florists' windows. While a greenhouse or conserva- 
 tory is a wonderful help, indeed essential for best results, 
 some people have wonderful success even in their homes by 
 growing roses where there is plenty of hght and air. Both 
 coal-gas and too dry air are injurious to plant-Hfe and are 
 to be carefully guarded against. 
 
 The hst of cut-flower roses most popular in the general 
 use is not a long one but is liable to change by reason of the 
 great demand among patrons for something new. At present 
 the best are: Columbia, Premier, Red Columbia, Ophelia, 
 Pilgrim, Double White Killarney, Mrs. Aaron Ward, KiL 
 larney Brilhant, Sunburst, Mrs. Charles Russell, Mile. Cecile 
 Brunner, Radiance, American Beauty, and Kaiserin Auguste 
 Victoria. 
 
 \ 
 
EXPERT OPINIONS ^^ 
 
 Selections for Special Sections of the 
 United States of America 
 
 Those of our readers who hve in the more thickly settled 
 sections of our country will recognize, in the following, our 
 dependence upon the modern scientific method of learning 
 the "best roses" for certain locahties, i.e., the method of 
 actually testing them. We have had the good fortune to 
 visit personally and to know the rose experts in many sec- 
 tions, and they severally have been so kind as to give us the 
 benefit of their valuable experience, each in the form of a hst 
 of roses they have found to thrive. We stand back of these 
 recommendations. (See, also, pages 64 to 76, inclusive.) 
 
 For the Pacific Northwest 
 Portland, Ore., is without question the rose-growing center 
 of the Pacific Northwest. Nearly everybody there grows 
 roses, and the city itself gives promise of having soon the 
 finest municipal rose-garden in America. Among Portland's 
 rose-growers we know of none more enthusiastic and better 
 versed than Mr. J. A. Currey, Chairman of the American 
 Rose Society's National Rose Test-Garden, to whom we are 
 indebted for the following recommendations: 
 
 Twelve best roses for general cultivation 
 
 Columbia Mme. Caroline Testout 
 
 Frau Karl Druschki Mme. Melanie Soupert 
 
 General MacArthur Maman Cochet 
 
 Grange Colombe Ophelia 
 
 Gruss an Teplitz Richmond 
 
 Hugh Dickson Ulrich Brunner 
 
 Six best climbing or rambling roses 
 
 American Pillar Mme. Alfred Carriere 
 
 Dorothy Perkins Mme. Carohne Testout, Climbing 
 
 Gloire de Dijon Wm. Allen Richardson 
 
 Six best red roses Jor general cultivation 
 
 Avoca J. B. Clark 
 
 General MacArthur Richmond 
 
 Hugh Dickson Ulrich Brunner 
 
EXPERT OPINIONS 
 
 79 
 
 Roses for the Pacific Northwest, continued 
 Six best white roses for general cultivation 
 
 British Queen Grange Colombe 
 
 Florence Pemberton Mme. Jules Bouche 
 
 Frau Karl Druschki Mrs. Foley-Hobbs 
 
 Six best pink roses for general cultivation 
 
 Columbia Maman Cochet 
 
 Lady Ashtown Miss Kate Moulton 
 
 Mme. Caroline Testout Ophelia 
 
 Six best yellow roses for general cultivation 
 
 Joseph Hill Mme. Ravary 
 
 Lady Hillingdon Mrs. Aaron Ward 
 
 Mme. Melanie Soupert Sunburst 
 
 For Minneapolis and Vicinity 
 Minneapolis has the largest public rose-garden in the 
 Northwest, and Mr. Theodore Wirth, Superintendent of 
 Parks, of Minneapolis, Minn., recommends for his section of 
 the country the following hst of roses: 
 
 Hybrid Perpetuals 
 
 Anna de Diesbach 
 
 Baroness Rothschild 
 
 Captain Hayward 
 
 Clio 
 
 Frau Karl Druschki 
 
 General Jacqueminot 
 
 Heinrich Schultheis 
 
 Aaron Ward 
 Alfred Colomb 
 General MacArthur 
 George Dickson 
 Gruss an Teplitz 
 Jonkheer J. L. Mock 
 Kaiserin Auguste Vic- 
 toria 
 Killarney, Pink and 
 White 
 
 Crimson Rambler 
 
 Hugh Dickson 
 J. B. Clark 
 Jules Margottin 
 Louis Van Houtte 
 Marie Finger 
 Marshall P. Wilder 
 
 Hybrid Teas 
 
 Lady Ashtown 
 Lady Ursula 
 La France 
 Laurent Carle 
 Mary, Countess of 
 
 Ilchester 
 Maman Cochet, White 
 
 and Pink 
 Miss Cynthia Forde 
 
 Mme. Gabriel Luizet 
 
 Mrs. John Laing 
 
 Paul Neyron 
 
 Prince Camille de Rohan 
 
 Tom Wood 
 
 Uhich Brunner 
 
 Mme. Caroline Testout 
 
 Mme. Jules Grolez 
 
 Radiance 
 
 Red Radiance 
 
 Souv. du President 
 
 Carnot 
 Totote Gelos 
 Willowmere 
 
 Climber Ramblers 
 
 Tausendschon. 
 
 (See opposite page.) 
 
8o 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Lady Alice Stanley 
 
 Roses for Minneapolis and 
 Vicinity, continued 
 
 Polyanthas 
 
 Abundance 
 
 Clotilde Soupert 
 
 Gloire des Polyanthas 
 
 Jessie 
 
 Marie Pavie 
 
 Mile. Cecile Brunner 
 
 Mme. Norbert Levavasseur 
 
 Mme. Zelia Bourgeois 
 
 Mrs. W. H. Cutbush 
 
 Orleans 
 
 Primula 
 
 Triomphe Orleanais 
 
 White Clotilda Soupert 
 
 Climbing Wichuraianas 
 
 Dorothy Perkins Minnehaha 
 
 Hiawatha Paradise 
 
 La Fiamma The Farquhar Rose 
 
 For Central New York State 
 Rev. E. M. Mills, D.D., is president of the Syracuse (New 
 York) Rose Society, and perhaps America's nearest 
 prototype of Dean Hole, England's great rosarian of beloved 
 memory. He recommends the following as the best collection 
 of twenty-five Hybrid Teas and Teas for Syracuse and vicin- 
 ity, considering hardiness, variety of color, vigor of growth, 
 and freedom of bloom. 
 
 Hybrid Teas 
 
 Antoine Rivoire Lady Ashtown 
 
 Chateau de CIos Vougeot Laurent Carle 
 
 Columbia Mme. Jules Bouche 
 
 Duchess of Welhngton Mme. Melanie Soupert 
 
 Florence Pemberton Mme. Segond Weber 
 
 General MacArthur Miss Cynthia Forde 
 
 Gruss an Teplitz Mrs. Aaron Ward 
 
 Killarney, Pink Ophelia 
 
 Konigin Carola Radiance 
 
 Lady Alice Stanley Sunburst 
 
 Teas 
 
 Harry Kirk Marie Van Houtte Wm. R. Smith 
 
 Lady Hillingdon White Maman Cochet 
 
EXPERT OPINIONS 
 
 For Roslyn and Northwest Long Island 
 
 Admiral Aaron Ward*, in 191 6, recommended the selection 
 given below. It was based upon the following requirements: 
 autumn blooms indispensable; weak growers barred; also 
 plants of huge growth, Hke La Tosca or Gruss an Tephtz, 
 except for use in mass effects; flowers to be full, no thinner 
 than Pharisaer; climbers not included. 
 
 Constance 
 Lyon Rose 
 
 Pernetianas 
 
 Mme. Edouard Herriot 
 Willowmere 
 
 Mme. Antoine Mari 
 Mme. Jean Dupuy 
 Marie Van Houtte 
 
 Teas 
 
 Paula 
 
 Wm. R. Smith 
 
 Hybrid Perpetual 
 
 Frau Karl Druschki 
 
 Bourbon 
 
 Souv. de la Malmaison 
 
 Augustine Guinoisseau 
 
 Amateur Teyssier 
 
 Chateau de CIos Vougeot 
 
 Dean Hole 
 
 Duchess of Wellington 
 
 Earl of Warwick 
 
 General-Superior Arnold Janssen 
 
 General MacArthur 
 
 George C. Waud 
 
 Gruss an Teplitz 
 
 Gustav Grunerwald 
 
 Joseph Hill 
 
 Konigin Carola 
 
 Lady Alice Stanley 
 
 Lady Ashtown 
 
 Lady Greenall 
 
 Laurent Carle 
 
 Lieut. Chaure 
 
 Mabel Drew 
 
 Mme. Abel Chatenay 
 
 Mme. Jules Bouche 
 
 Hybrid Teas 
 
 Mme. Jules Grolez 
 Mme, Leon Pain 
 Mme. Melanie Soupert 
 Mme. Ravary 
 Mme. Segond Weber 
 Marquise de Sinety 
 Mrs. Aaron Ward 
 Mrs. Amy Hammond 
 Mrs. A. R. Waddell 
 Mrs. Charles Hunter 
 Mrs. Edward Powell 
 Mrs. George Shawyer 
 Mrs. Harold Brocklebank 
 Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt 
 Pharisaer 
 Prince de Bulgarie 
 Radiance 
 
 Souv. du Pres. Carnot 
 St. Helena 
 Viscountess Folkestone 
 
 *AdmiraI Aaron Ward, a really great rosarian, died July 5, 191 8. The notable 
 introductions of the past four yaars would displace only a few from the list of roses 
 he most prized. 
 
82 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Rose-beds of one variety make a fine effect 
 
 For Philadelphia and Vicinity 
 Dr. Robert Huey, the eminent amateur whose success 
 has been an inspiration to many others, and who is broadly 
 recognized as an authority on garden roses, recommends 
 the following varieties: 
 
 Hybrid Teas 
 
 Antoine Rivoire 
 
 Betty 
 
 Duchess of WeHington 
 
 Ellen Willmott 
 
 George C. Waud 
 
 Joseph Hill 
 
 Killarney 
 
 Lady Alice Stanley 
 
 Lady Ashtown 
 
 Laurent Carle 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Lyon 
 
 Mabel Drew 
 
 Mme. Edouard Herriot 
 
 Mme, Caroline Testout 
 
 Mme. Hector Leuillot 
 
 Mme. Jules Bouche 
 
 Mme. Leon Pain 
 
 Mme. Melanie Soupert 
 
 Mme. Segond Weber 
 
 Mrs. Aaron Ward 
 
 Mrs. A. R. Waddell 
 
 Mrs. Harold Brocklebank 
 
 Mrs. MacKellar 
 
 Ophelia 
 
 Pharisaer 
 
 Prince de Bulgarie 
 
 Radiance 
 
 Robert Huey 
 
 Viscountess Folkestone 
 
 Willowmere 
 
EXPERT OPINIONS 
 
 83 
 
 Roses for Philadelphia and Vicinity, continued 
 
 Baroness Rothschild 
 Captain Hayward 
 Frau Karl Druschki 
 George Arends 
 Oskar Cordel 
 
 Harry Kirk 
 Hugo Roller 
 Lady Hillingdon 
 Maman Cochet 
 
 Aviateur Bleriot 
 Christine Wright 
 Dorothy Perkins 
 Dr. W. Van Fleet 
 Elisa Robichon 
 
 Hybrid Perpetuals 
 
 Mrs. John Laing 
 Mrs. George Dickson 
 Susanne-Marie Rodocanachi 
 Ulrich Brunner 
 
 Tea Roses (Hardy) 
 
 Safrano 
 
 White Maman Cochet 
 
 Wm. R. Smith 
 
 Climbing and Pillar Roses 
 
 Excelsa 
 
 Gardenia 
 
 Hiawatha 
 
 Reine Marie Henriette 
 
 Tausendschon 
 
 For Washington, D. C, and Points South 
 Dr. W. Van Fleet has for many, many years been a dis- 
 tinguished student of the rose. American Pillar, May Queen, 
 Ruby Queen, Mary Lovett, Bess Lovett, Alida Lovett, Silver 
 Moon, and Dr. W. Van Fleet are a few of his hybridizing. Now 
 associated with the Department of Agriculture, he is hybrid- 
 izing them to fit the needs of the American people. From such 
 an authority do we offer the following list for warm chmates : 
 
 Pink 
 
 Killarney, H.T. 
 Mme. Abel Chatenay, H.T. 
 Mme. Gabriel Luizet, H.P. 
 Maman Cochet, T. 
 Mrs. John Laing, H.P. 
 My Maryland, H.T. 
 Paul Neyron, H.P. 
 Radiance, H.T. 
 Wm. R. Smith, T. 
 
 Yellow 
 
 Etoile de Lyon, T. 
 Lady Hillingdon, T. 
 Sunburst, H.T. 
 
 Red 
 
 Cardinal, H.T. 
 Etoile de France, H.T. 
 General MacArthur, H.T 
 Gruss an Teplitz, H.T. 
 J. B. Clark, H.P. 
 Red Radiance, H.T. 
 Richmond, H.T. 
 Ulrich Brunner, H.P. 
 
 White 
 
 Frau Karl Druschki, ILP. 
 Gloire Lyonnaisc, H.P. 
 Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, H.T. 
 Killarney, White, H.T. 
 White Maman Cochet, T. 
 
84 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 For Chicago and the North 
 
 By W. C. EGAN 
 
 Editor's Note. — People who live in the cold Northwest may 
 think it useless to attempt growing roses, but, as Dr. Bailey says, 
 "the success of the rose in this country is very largely a question of 
 the selection of adaptable varieties." The Lake Forest section, on the 
 west shore of Lake Michigan and north of Chicago, is typical of a 
 large area to the north and west. In this section there is no one 
 better able to speak from broad experience than W. C. Egan, the 
 eminent horticulturist of Highland Park. In response to our request 
 for a list of roses best suited to his cold country, he very generously 
 sent us a contribution which, without further comment, we are 
 most happy to present, to our readers. 
 
 While the section bordering Lake Michigan from Chicago 
 northward, called the North Shore district, is not a rosarian's 
 paradise, we can have roses from early June until frost. 
 This we can accomphsh with but little care, except in the 
 case of the Hybrid Teas, which require proper attention. 
 Given this, they flood us with a shower of bloom that makes 
 them worthy of cultivation, even if we treat them as annuals, 
 and plant fresh stock each year. ''Expensive!" you say. 
 Well, yes, to a certain extent; but so are bedding-plants, and 
 babies, and automobiles; but the results in all cases are 
 worth the money. Some spend money lavishly for winter 
 decorations that fade in the night. The same amount, spent 
 for Hybrid Teas planted out early in the spring, gives one 
 pleasure all summer. They are easily cared for, if the instruc- 
 tions given in this work are carried out. For those who pos- 
 sess small grounds and have but little time to attend to them 
 we have that poor man's blessing, the Rosa rugosa, and its 
 hybrids. This Japanese rose does not know how to "catch 
 cold," and will stay longer with you and give far more pleas- 
 ure than any poor relation. It blooms profusely in June and 
 scatteringly all through summer, ripening its bright red, 
 cherry-Uke berries during the late summer months. Its 
 fohage is unusually fine and insect-proof. This feature alone 
 should be highly appreciated, for the beauty of fohage is 
 more than half the beauty of any plant. This rose was known 
 to rosarians as early as 1845, but its beauty and hardiness 
 
EXPERT OPINIONS 85 
 
 and its value in hybridizing were not appreciated until some 
 forty years afterward, when Mr. Robert C. S. Carman, of 
 New Jersey, and M. Georges Bruant of Poitiers, France, gave 
 us the hybrids, Agnes Emily Carman, and Mme. Georges 
 Bruant. While the former was produced first, thus giving 
 the honor of producing the first Rugosa hybrid to an Ameri- 
 can, it was delayed in its propagation, and the French rose 
 was the first on the market. In all of Mr. Carman's experi- 
 ments the Rugosa rose was the mother plant, and it is a 
 singular fact that the Agnes Emily Carman rose, bearing 
 flowers having the color and scent of the General Jacque- 
 minot rose, should have Harison's Yellow as the male 
 parent. The success of these hybridizers caused others to 
 enter the field, and we now have a host of good forms, all 
 hardy and reliable. Where these hybrids possess some Tea 
 blood, unusually cold winters may kill them back somewhat. 
 The handsome Rugosa hybrid, Conrad F. Meyer, is some- 
 times "cut back" in winter. This type and its hybrids are 
 splendidly adapted for forming entire hedges or large groups, 
 and may be depended upon for flower and foliage. 
 
 The well-known dwarf rose, Hermosa, and the writer made 
 their first appearance before the public at about the same 
 time, and the former has graced our gardens for seventy-five 
 years. It is reliable and hardy with but little protection, and 
 is one of the best bedders today. The same may be said of 
 the Clothilde Soupert, one of the largest-flowered forms of 
 the Polyantha class, introduced in 1884. In 1880, Veuve 
 Ducher introduced the charming dwarf Polyantha, Mile. 
 Cecile Brunner, the queen of the so-called Fairy rose class, 
 hardy with slight protection, and admirable for corsage bou- 
 quets. Its miniature buds, so delightfully tinted, are ad- 
 mired by all, especially by the gentler sex. 
 
 Who has not admired the Cherokee rose of the southern 
 states, an escaped exotic, being the Chinese Rosa sinica, 
 that has taken so kindly to the conditions ofi'ered as to 
 thrive there on the waysides and fence corners? We of the 
 North can have its counterpart, all except its evergreen 
 foliage, in the extremely hardy Rosa spinosissima var. Altaicay 
 
86 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 from the Altai Mountains in Siberia. When in bloom, it is a 
 charming sight in the purity of its single, pure white flowers. 
 I cannot understand why this rose is scarce and hard to find, 
 as in good soil it suckers rapidly and thus an increased stock 
 is easily obtained. 
 
 The old-fashioned Sweetbriar, with its heaven-born 
 perfume, often winter-kills here, but I grow it in among some 
 tail-growing barberries through whose branches the Briar 
 thrusts its long canes. The barberry shades the Briar canes 
 in winter and but httle loss occurs. 
 
 I tried Lord Penzance hybrids and, much to my regret, 
 could not carry them over winter, so the charming Lady 
 Penzance was banished from "Egandale." 
 
 The Persian Yellow and Harison's Yellow, as well as all 
 the Mosses, are hardy here. 
 
 All of the Baby Ramblers do well here, slightly protected, 
 and are well fitted for borders of large rose-beds, ^^nnchen 
 Miiller is splendid; as a cut-flower, each well-grown truss is a 
 bouquet in itself; and, the flowers being loosely arranged, give 
 an airy elegance to the decoration. The color is good in day- 
 light or electric, — a desirable quahty in any flower. 
 
 Hybrid Perpetuals and those grown as such require winter- 
 protection. Some stand this covered-up condition better 
 than others. Here is a fist I gave in Bailey's "Cyclopedia 
 of American Horticulture" some years ago, and I would not 
 change it now. Undoubtedly, there are many more that will 
 do as well if tried, but there are enough listed to create a 
 garden for anyone. 
 
 The winter of 1 898-1 899 was the most severe in this sec- 
 tion I ever experienced, and many trees and shrubs, con- 
 sidered **iron-clad," were killed. The following is a list of 
 roses which wintered here under protection and which came 
 out in good condition: 
 
 Captain Christy Louis Van Houtte 
 
 Captain Hayward Magna Charta 
 
 Garden Favorite Mrs. Paul 
 
 General Jacqueminot Mrs. R. G. Sharman-Crawford 
 
 John Hopper Paul Neyron 
 
 La Rosiere Prince Camille de Rohan 
 
88 HOW TO GROW ROSE S 
 
 The following eleven were in fair condition and recovered 
 their form during the season: 
 
 Alfred Colomb Mme. Gabriel Lulzet 
 
 Anna de Diesbach Mme. Victor Verdier 
 
 Baronne Provost Pierre Notting 
 
 Countess of Oxford Prince of Wales 
 
 Eugene Furst Ulrich Brunner 
 Lyonnaise 
 
 This section, together with many in the northern states, 
 suffered for the want of a suitable number of chmbing roses 
 that might be carried over the winter with an easily prepared 
 protection, until the advent of the Crimson Rambler, which 
 reached England from Japan in 1878. This was followed soon 
 after by Rosa Wichuraiana and its hybrids. Up to this time 
 we had to be content with Queen of the Prairie, Baltimore 
 Belle, Russell's Cottage, and Multiflora rose Greville, or 
 Seven Sisters. The first two were produced by Feast of 
 Baltimore in 1 843 by hybridizing that most excellent hardy 
 Prairie rose, R. setigera, with some of the garden forms of the 
 day. I have often wondered why hybridizers had not used 
 this hardy semi-chmbing rose more frequently in their work. 
 About all the climbing roses, bearing a large percentage 
 of Rugosa or Wichuraiana blood, are hardy with a sHght 
 protection in winter. Which is the best is merely a matter 
 of choice. 
 
 The new, prostrate rose. Max Graf, may be used as a 
 climber and is hardy without protection. Grown without 
 support, it hes close to the surface, thus making a splendid 
 ground-cover. In beds, well estabhshed, the new canes will 
 rise up some 18. inches and then, arching over, rest their tips 
 upon the ground. Planted at the top of a wall they hang 
 over hke a veil. The bright green fohage indicates a mixture 
 of the Rugosa and Wichuraiana blood and is attractive all 
 summer and fall. Free from mildew or insect pests. In its 
 blooming season, June and July, it is covered with a clear 
 pink flower similar in color, size and substance to the pink 
 Rugosa. 
 
EXPERT OPINIONS 
 
 89 
 
 Editor's Note. — Mr. Egan has also made careful test of the lead- 
 ing Hybrid' Teas, both for their blooming qualities and also, for hardiness 
 and suitability for his climate. He planted three plants each, did not 
 disbud, and the second summer out, which was a hot and trying one, 
 he cut as shown in this report: 
 
 Av. blooms Av. blooms Av. blooms 
 
 NAME OF VARIETY prior to after per plant for 
 
 Aug. I Aug. I whole season 
 
 1. Ecarlate . 43^ 75 Ii8>^ 
 
 2. Killarney 27 25^ 52^ 
 
 3. LaTosca. 26^ 18K 45 
 
 4. Grossherzog Friedrich 19^ 25 44/^ 
 
 5. Radiance 26 16 42 
 
 6. Lady Ashtown (two plants) .... 17 I7/^ 34/^ 
 
 7. Ophelia 16K 18K Z^Vi 
 
 8. Majestic 18 15 33 
 
 9. Mrs. A. R. Waddell 16 15^ 31^ 
 
 ID. Mrs. Aaron Ward 14 ^lYi S'^H 
 
 11. Lady Ursula 18K 12 30K 
 
 12. Duchess of Wellington 8 22>^ 30>^ 
 
 13. Florence Pemberton io>3 19^3 30 
 
 14. Pharisaer I5>? 13 28^ 
 
 15. Viscountess Folkestone 13 I3>3 ^6^^ 
 
 16. Souv. de Gustave Prat ...... lo^ ^5 25 >^ 
 
 17. Mme. Carohne Testout 14^ 10 24^ 
 
 18. Lady Alice Stanley 133^ loK 23^ 
 
 19. Mme. Leon Pain^ 9^3 14 23^^ 
 
 20. Prince de Bulgarie 12 11 >^ 23 >^ 
 
 21. Gustav Grunerwald 9 14 23 
 
 22. General MacArthur 8^ ^3/4 22 
 
 23. Lieutenant Chaure 10 2^ ii 21^ 
 
 24. Willowmere 14^ 7 21^ 
 
 25. Lady Pirrie 10 loM 20>^ 
 
 26. Duchess of Westminster io>^ g}i ig}i 
 
 27. Laurent Carle 8^ 10^ I9>? 
 
 28. Mme. Ravary 8^ 9^ 18 
 
 29. Farbenkonigin 10 7^ 17K 
 
 30. Antoine Rivoire 12 4>^ i6>^ 
 
 31. Dean Hole (first year) 4 12^ 16^ 
 
 32. Mme. Jules Bouche 6^ 9^ i6>^ 
 
 33. Earl of Warwick 7 8^3 15^ 
 
 34. Mme. Melanie Soupert 9 5^ 14^ 
 
 35. Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller ■ • 9 5 " I4 
 
 36. Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt 6 7^ 13^ 
 
 37. Jonkheer J. L. Mock (buds come 
 
 bull-headed) 4^ 8^ 13 
 
 38. Mme. Jenny Gillemot 6}i 6j4, I2^i 
 
 39. Chateau de CIos Vougeot (weak 
 
 grower) 6 5^ ll^ 
 
 40. Mme. Edmond Rostand 5^ 5^ 11 
 
 41. Mrs. George Shawyer 4 6^ 10^ 
 
 42. Louise C. Breslau 7 ^ 9^ 
 
In Elizabeth Park Rose-garden, Hartford, Connecticut 
 
ROSE PROGRESS 91^ 
 
 The Increasing Regard for Roses 
 
 In his book, "The Cultivated Man," Charles W. Ehot 
 says: **A brook, a hedge-row, or a garden is an inexhaustible 
 teacher of wonder, reverence, and love." 
 
 Another one of ''America's noblemen," G. A. Parker*, 
 with exquisite feeling, thus portrays the possible influence of 
 the rose on the Hves of men, when, in telhng of the rose- 
 garden at EHzabeth Park, he says: 
 
 "I have come to think of beauty as the love-letter of the 
 Creator, through which He is wooing us unto Himself; for 
 beauty is spiritual, and not physical. 
 
 "A love-letter is a message into which the sender puts a 
 part of his very self, and the one who receives it, in some 
 mysterious way, weaves it into a part of his very Hfe. It 
 matters Httle what words are used or how the message is 
 sent, providing it becomes a part of the sender and of the. 
 receiver. Surely the Creator uses a most beautiful form when 
 He avails Himself of the roses to convey His message." 
 
 Among the real rose-lovers now scattered widely over our 
 great country, it is difficult to conceive of a finer loyalty than 
 already exists toward the flower of their choice. Such devo- 
 tion as theirs is bearing fruit. Better roses in their gardens 
 are arousing more abundant admiration on the part of neigh- 
 bors. This results in more "recruits." Rose societies spring 
 up here and there. The members help each other, and more 
 and more each one comes to know the joy of growing one's 
 own roses. This is just what has been going on in many sec- 
 tions of our great country. The delights of rose-growing have 
 been revealed to vastly increasing numbers of amateurs 
 within the past few years. The "garden magazines" have 
 helped. The "garden clubs" have been a prominent factor. 
 
 There are, perhaps, half a dozen rose men lecturing! on this 
 fascinating subject and forwarding the good work. All have 
 helped, and the combined efforts of these various agencies 
 are beginning to bloom into activities of great promise. 
 
 ♦"American Rose Annual," igi6, pages 71, 72. 
 t A list of these will be furnished on request. 
 
92 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 The American Rose Society 
 
 aims "To increase the general interest in the cultivation and 
 improve the standard of excellence of the rose for all people." 
 
 Whether you grow one rose or acres of them (whether 
 you are an amateur or professional), you will find it dehght- 
 fully profitable to belong to the American Rose Society. 
 Already nearly 2,000 folks seem to have found it so, and are 
 sending in the names of their friends from every part of our 
 great country. 
 
 The highest ambition of the American Rose Society is 
 to serve its members. This it strives earnestly to do. 
 
 It stimulates and fosters the holding of exhibitions in 
 every available rose center, and heightens the interest by 
 awarding — Gold, Silver, and Bronze Medals, or Certificates 
 of Merit for prize exhibits. 
 
 It holds annually one or more rose exhibitions, usually in 
 connection with some large flower-show. 
 
 Tickets for such shows are sent free to all members. 
 
 Local societies are organized, in affihation with the parent 
 body, with consequent advantages to associate members. 
 
 A complete file of available roses and registry of new ones 
 of merit is constantly maintained, preparatory to the pub- 
 lication of an official catalogue in the near future. 
 
 Important rose test-gardens are established at Hartford, 
 Conn.; Washington, D.C; Ithaca, N. Y. ; Minneapohs, Minn.; 
 and Portland, Ore. 
 
 Results obtained in each separate chmatic zone are thus 
 available for the enhghtenment of members. 
 
 The American Rose Society also pubhshes the American 
 Rose Annual. It is ably edited by J. Horace McFarland, of 
 Harrisburg, Pa., and is available to members only. It con- 
 tains, each year, a comprehensive record of rose progress in 
 America, with original, helpful, up-to-date information. It is 
 beautifully illustrated in color and sepia, and contains about 
 180 pages.- Membership is annual, at $2, and fife, at $50. 
 
 For further information or enrollment, address 
 
 Editor, **How to Grow Roses," West Grove, Pa. 
 
AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY 93 
 
 Fragrant Roses 
 
 By Dr. W. Van Fleet 
 
 "Agreeable fragrance is one of the most valued attributes of the 
 perfect rose, though many indispensable species and varieties do 
 not possess it in marked degree, and not a few are either odorless or 
 even distasteful to the sense of smell. . . . 
 
 "The wild roses of North Europe mostly have faint fragrance or 
 are scentless and the same may be said of our Middle West and 
 Pacific Coast species, though there are a few exceptions in the ex- 
 treme Northwest. . . . 
 
 "True rose-fragrance arises from the presence of rose-oil or attar, 
 a volatile oil elaborated in the petals of the blooms just before 
 opening. It appears most abundantly in the cells near the base 
 of the petals, yet is present in such small quantities that it usually 
 requires a ton and a half of fresh plucked rose petals to produce a 
 pound of oil which resembles brownish butter. 
 
 "Roses of the hardy, free-flowering Rugosa type from Japan, 
 which grow well in America, typify rose-perfume in its most pleasing 
 form. Some of the hybrid Rugosas are also very fragrant, while 
 others, although fragrant, have not the intense fragrance of the 
 single-flowered Rosa rugosa rubra (red) and R. rugosa alba (white). 
 
 "Attar of roses is secured from the fresh petals of fragrant roses 
 by the ordinary process of distillation and condensation used to 
 recover all essential or volatile oils produced in nature It exists in 
 such small quantity, however, even in the best perfume varieties, 
 that it remains in solution in the water of condensation that comes 
 over from the still and must be washed out or redistifled several 
 times before it may be skimmed off", as with more abundant oils. 
 These first waters, however, are most deliciously scented, and, in 
 this country at least, would be more valuable as true commercial 
 rose-waters than the attar itself when extracted from them. 
 
 "There is one remaining entrancing rose-odor — the despair of 
 perfumery chemists — that of the Sweetbrier foliage after a rain. It 
 cannot be recovered by any known process and lives and dies with 
 the occasion during which it is perceived. . . . 
 
 "Rose aromas are not congenial to all persons, and occasionally 
 an individual is found to whom they are annoying, and even hurt- 
 ful, in the way of causing catarrhal symptoms; but to the over- 
 whelming majority of gardeners, fragrance is a prime requisite for 
 the thorough enjoyment of a rose bloom." 
 
 EijItor's Note. — As a sample of the character of the 1919 "American 
 Rose Annual," these extracts from pages 14-19 are pubhshed here by 
 permission of the Editor, J. Horace McFarland, Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
ROSE PROGRESS 95 
 
 Municipal Rose-Gardens 
 
 Hartford, Connecticut, was the pioneer for America; and 
 she builded well. Starting in 1904, in Elizabeth Park, there 
 were laid out one and one-quarter acres. This the author 
 visited first upon his return from a tour among the more 
 prominent rose-gardens in England, Ireland, Holland, Ger- 
 many, and France. While dehghted with the cultural suc- 
 cess and magnificent show of varieties, there seemed in the 
 ensemble much to be desired in the matter of treatment and 
 arrangement. This will probably be true of most of the test- 
 gardens referred to in the above section, because beauty of 
 landscape effect is not the first thing sought for in a rose- 
 garden made primarily for test purposes, although the more 
 there is of grace and beauty, of charm and enchantment, by 
 reason of the arrangement, of course, the better it is. 
 
 But Hartford led the way, and nobly continues to render 
 this nation, at least the northeastern part of it, a great ser- 
 vice. She showed that even a little pubhc rose-garden, well 
 done, begets enthusiastic pubhc appreciation. Mr. G. A. 
 Parker, Superintendent of Parks, of Hartford, reports 
 116,000 people having visited this rose-garden in one year. 
 There are in it three hundred different varieties of roses and 
 about fifteen hundred separate plants, and the cost, both for 
 construction and maintenance, in eleven years has been 
 $0.0173 per visitor. But as for its influence upon, and value 
 to, the people who have come to see it, no money estimates 
 can be made. If any reader feels incHned to doubt this last 
 statement, permit us to suggest that he submit his feehngs 
 to the test of a visit. 
 
 There are many American cities which have roses in their 
 parks, and these cities are extending their plantings; but as 
 yet only a hmited number have definitely set apart, and 
 regularly arranged for, a real rose-garden. 
 
 If any of our readers have the opportunity to visit Port- 
 land, Oregon, certainly one of the sights of that city of won- 
 derful promise is the municipal rose-garden. It is larger, per- 
 haps, than that of Hartford, — a sunken garden with rose- 
 
96 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Municipal Rose-garden, Cleveland, Ohio. One year old 
 
 covered terraces; a fountaiPx-centered system of walks and a 
 large amount of growth; and, as nearly every rose-lover 
 knows, a gratifyingly long season of bloom. It is, we believe, 
 true of Portland, as of no other city, that the commercial 
 men have long reahzed the value of the rose and its exploita- 
 tion as an indirect, though very definite means of spreading, 
 world-wide, the fame of that rose-favored corner of the 
 earth. This is a reason why there is enthusiasm in Portland 
 back of the conception to estabhsh in another part of the city 
 another municipal rose-garden that shall outclass any other 
 in America. And why should Portland not do so? The author 
 would enjoy telling his readers much more about the mag- 
 nificent hedges of roses in Portland; of the great annual rose- 
 festivals, with electrical displays; of many different parades; 
 of automobiles; of the Royal Rosarians and their Queen of the 
 Roses with her attendants, — all doing homage to the rose. 
 
 In 1 91 5, at Cleveland, Ohio, for the first time there 
 appeared on display a most creditable municipal rose-gar- 
 den, its success being due in large measure, doubtless, to the 
 able hand of their superintendent of parks. No climbing 
 
ROSE PROGRESS 
 
 97 
 
 roses surrounded it when the author enjoyed its rich June 
 bloom, but the varieties had been well chosen for that 
 locality, and arranged in good taste. All were bush roses 
 and were grouped in beds, with an arrangement of walks 
 making the annually recurring display easily accessible to 
 large numbers of people. Time and growth, with the good 
 care it is sure to get, will furnish the softening and enriching 
 effect that only age can supply. It is a splendid beginning, 
 and such as one would expect of Cleveland. 
 
 And so, in sequence, might be mentioned a few other 
 cities whose activities along this line have come to the 
 attention of the author. 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y., has now the beginning of a most credit- 
 able municipal rose-garden, the result of a demand made by 
 the citizens, promoted by an energetic rose society and its 
 indefatigable president, Rev. E. M. Mills, D.D. Long 
 life to him ! 
 
 Now, too, we are happy to report the establishment of a 
 real rose-garden in the Bronx Park system of New York City. 
 The New York Horti- 
 cultural Society and affili- 
 ated organizations have 
 carried out creditably a 
 rose-planting that prom- 
 ises to rejoice the hearts 
 of countless thousands of 
 people. Let us all hope 
 that it may prove easily 
 accessible to those who 
 most need the inspiration 
 and pleasure which such 
 a garden is so well calcu- 
 lated to furnish. 
 
 And now for the 
 Brooklyn Rose-Garden, 
 the plans are well under 
 way, and excellent prog- ,,. . , ^ „ w • • , 
 
 . , . , View in the Bagatelle Municipal 
 
 ress IS being made. Rose-Garden. Paris 
 
98 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Roses, roses everywhere 
 
 A Famous Rose-Garden 
 
 The most beautiful rose-garden I have yet found in either 
 America or Europe was near Paris. Accompanied by Mrs. 
 Pyle, I arrived at the Roseraie de L'Hay early one day, and 
 we lingered there till sunset, enchanted. A 
 permanent rose-garden with thousands 
 of varieties, it includes roses said to 
 have originated in the sixth 
 century B.C. Roses from 
 every continent are arranged 
 and trained in all imaginable 
 styles, from borders of Baby 
 Ramblers to giant Tree 
 roses, 15 feet high and 
 10 feet spread. Tunnels 
 completely covered with 
 climbmg roses form 
 outlooks through the gar- 
 den, with here a bit of 
 statuary, there a fountain 
 flashing in the sunshine, 
 
 ^ with roses, roses every- 
 
 Note this giant Tree rose where, from the broad- 
 
ROSERAIE DE L'HAY 
 
 99 
 
 And here we lingered till sunset 
 
 petaled, deep red Lion climber to the splendid M. Graver- 
 eaux, named in honor of the owner of this magnificent 
 garden. We strolled down the long, box-bordered pathways, 
 with famihar faces among the roses looking up at us from beds 
 at our feet, and chmbers looking straight at us, 
 and half-beckoning from either side, as we 
 passed, until, spellbound, we stood and 
 gazed down the long vista of color- 
 covered beds, back-bordered with 
 still other cHmbers in bloom. 
 And this is only one picture 
 out of hundreds of such! 
 What a love for the rose 
 must have helped to 
 fashion the quiet arbors 
 and festooned balustrades, 
 the archway entrances, 
 artistic screens, and dis- 
 appearing pathways, so 
 well planned that every 
 
 turn brought 
 prise, each 
 entrancing 
 other ! 
 
 a fresh sur- 
 one more 
 than the 
 
 Temple of Love 
 
roo HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Finally, so well hidden by an encircling temple of trees 
 that we nearly missed it, was an open-air theater with turf 
 seats, and along the front of the stage, for foothghts, was a 
 brilhant row of blooming roses. There, amid this paradise, in 
 charming French fashion, our host entertained his guests 
 with a musical recital. From this garden came the inspira- 
 tion for starting the Municipal Rose-Garden of Paris in the 
 Bagatelle. Now that Mons. Jules Gravereaux is gone, we 
 reahze what a happy memorial it is that his native city 
 should maintain for all time, we hope, this great rose-garden, 
 which he started for the pleasure of his fellow citizens. 
 
 [From notes and photographs taken by Robert Pyle, president of 
 The Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., on the occasion when he 
 represented the American Rose Society and acted as a judge at the In- 
 ternational Contest of Garden Roses at Bagatelle, Paris, June, 191 1.] 
 
 The Red Rose Church at Manheim 
 
 We know of no more unique ceremony in America than 
 Manheim's "Feast of Roses." In 1750, Baron Heinrich Wil- 
 helm Stiegel, coming from Germany, settled in Lancaster 
 County, Pennsylvania, and founded the little town of Man- 
 heim. He prospered in business and later deeded to the 
 Lutheran congregation (which he organized in 1769) a plot 
 of ground for the erection of a house of worship with the 
 following stipulation: ''yielding and payirig therefor at the 
 said town of Manheim, in the month of June, yearly forever 
 after, the rent of ONE RED ROSE, if the same shall be law- 
 fully demanded.^' 
 
 And now each year, with appropriate exercises, the con- 
 gregation of the Manheim Lutheran Church pays to the heirs 
 of Baron Stiegel the unique ground-rent of "one red rose," 
 and each year recalls the memory of a man who, though 
 "dying in poverty, had yet left the noblest of all memorials, the 
 love, reverence, and gratitude of a community w^hose industry 
 he had stimulated, whose ideals he had fostered, for whose 
 spiritual welfare he had made permanent provision." (Pub- 
 lished with the permission of the pastor. Rev. A. E. Cooper.) 
 
ROSE*TRINKETS 
 
 lOI 
 
 Rose-Beads 
 
 For the following formula the author is indebted to a 
 good friend of his from New York State, whose experience in 
 making rose-beads is far more extensive than his own. 
 
 "Gather the petals of roses — even newly fallen ones will 
 do — till you have, say, half a peck. Grind these through 
 a meat-chopper till they become pulp. In order to have the 
 beads jet-black when finished, place this pulp in an iron pan, 
 or, lacking that, mix in a teaspoonful of ground copperas (ferri 
 sulphas), and stir thoroughly; the mixture will soon become 
 brown. Set it now in the sun or a warm oven till it gets black. 
 After this, put all through the meat-chopper again till it 
 becomes hke putty, and then form the beads. They can be 
 made any shape you hke, — round, square, hexagonal, etc., — 
 but form them twice the size you wish to have them when 
 finished. Rolhng them into little balls with the hand will 
 make smooth beads. If you wish them figured, the butt- 
 end of a steel writing-pen is a convenient tool, to be used, of 
 course, when the beads are still soft. When properly formed, 
 transfix them to a board with a pin, then keep them hot and 
 dry, and in two or three days they will become small and 
 hard, and may be strung through the hole left when the pin 
 is removed." 
 
 A European authority gives us a shghtly diff"erent formula, 
 and recommends using a mortar instead of the more prosaic 
 and modern meat-chopper. 
 
 "Freshly gathered rose-petals are beaten into a pulp and 
 then dried, but before becoming completely dry, rose-water is 
 added and they are again beaten and dried, the operation 
 being repeated till the pulp has become very smooth. Then 
 the desired shape is given and they are perforated in order to 
 thread them, and so a kind of bead is formed, which is dried. 
 When they have become very hard, they are smoothed and 
 poHshed, after which they are rubbed with oil-of-roses in 
 order to give them more perfume and gloss. If a brass mortar 
 be used, the pulp takes a deep black color, through the action 
 on the metal of the gallic acid contained in the roses. On 
 
102 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 the other hand, if a marble mortar be used, blue and red and 
 other colored beads can be manufactured according to the 
 coloring materials employed. The black beads are most 
 highly prized. They have been manufactured principally at 
 Adrianople, Smyrna, and Constantinople." 
 
 Attar of Roses 
 
 The reader will notice on another page a short account of 
 a visit made to that most beautiful rose-garden south of Paris, 
 the Roseraie de L'Hay. Many chapters might be written 
 of this httle paradise about which clusters so much of inter- 
 est to a rose-lover. But there is in that wonderful garden a 
 quaint thatched * 'summer-house,'* as we in America might 
 call it,, rose-embowered. On the occasion of the author's 
 visit, there was at work in the little cottage a v/hite-aproned 
 chemist with large-sized retort, test-tubes, spirit-lamps, and 
 other appHances. The rose-petals which had been gathered 
 in the garden were being reduced to essence or attar of roses. 
 M. Gravereaux has improved the method of extracting the 
 oils, and, furthermore, has proved by extensive experiments 
 that certain perpetual-flowering roses, like Mme. Carohne 
 Testout, and others, are capable of producing a much larger 
 amount of the essence than the Damask and Centifoha roses 
 heretofore largely used. 
 
 The method employed by M. Gravereaux is superior to 
 that of the Bulgarians, Persians, and Algerians, whose 
 apparatus is most primitive, as the following will indicate: 
 The rose-petals must be distilled as they are picked, other- 
 wise much of their odor will be lost. They are brought right 
 to the stills, which are made of copper, and there mixed with 
 only water, the quahty of which is said considerably to in- 
 fluence the essence distilled. After having twice boiled down 
 the mixture to one-eighth or one-tenth its original volume, it 
 is allowed to cool, and is set in open bowls at a constant 
 temperature. Gradually the essence rises and swims on the 
 surface in yellowish patches, which are skimmed off with a 
 mother-of-pearl spoon. This operation, usually falhng upon 
 
BRIDESMAID is most appropriately named, suggestive of 
 what is best among the prettiest pink Tea Roses 
 
104 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 the eldest member of the family, is carried out with a 
 solemnity befitting its importance. What this must mean to 
 the peasants is better understood when we reahze how 
 feather-hght rose-petals are, and that 150 pounds (2,400 
 ounces) of them ordinarily yield less than one ounce of the 
 essence of the rose. 
 
 It is not to be marveled at, therefore, that it is expensive, 
 not alone for the above reason, but also because of its impor- 
 tance in the fabrication of the finest perfumes. It has, fur- 
 thermore, the valuable quahty of increasing and fixing other 
 perfumes, just as the rose itself has the quahty of develop- 
 ing in those who work with it quahties of fine moral 
 character. 
 
 Hybridizing 
 
 This book attempts in no way to cover the subject of 
 hybridizing, save to refer to some sources of information re- 
 garding a work that calls for long-sustained attention, and 
 almost hmitless patience, with no assurance as to resuhs. 
 Amateurs, as well as professional rose-growers, have made 
 valuable contributions to our hsts of roses, and certainly the 
 future must off"er more adequate recompense to the success- 
 ful breeder of roses than has been the case in the past. 
 
 Rev. Joseph H. Pemberton*, for the beginner, gives 
 directions that appear to be easily foHowed by one who has 
 the time and facihties to undertake the work. 
 
 Every hybridizer will be interested also in the articles by 
 Dr. White and Dr. Van Fleet in "The American Rose Annual'* 
 for 1 91 6; also in the "Stammbuch der Edelrosen," by Dr. 
 G. Kruger. The edition of this work, pubhshed in 1906, at 
 Trier, Germany, contains a most complete hsting of the 
 hybridized roses in commerce, including parentage, hybri- 
 dizer, and date of issue. For example, under Mme. Carofine 
 Testout, are given fifty-eight immediate descendants, show- 
 ing also the name of the other parent in ah except nine cases. 
 It would seem to be an invaluable work for anyone who 
 wishes to undertake hybridizing. 
 
 *"Roses," page 229 (see Bibliography). 
 
FOR WINTER EVENINGS 105 
 
 Bibliography 
 
 Beginning with *'The Rose Manual," by Robert Buist, in 
 1884, there have been issued in America at least eighteen 
 different works, the most noteworthy of which we hst below : 
 The Rose. By H. B. Ellwanger. 1882. 293 pp. Dodd, Mead & Co., 
 
 New York. This was long the standard rose book. 
 A Book about Roses. By S. Reynolds Hole. 1883. 326 pp. Wm. S. 
 
 Gottsberger, New York. An American reprint of a standard English 
 
 work. Highly entertaining work on roses, and most inspiring. 
 Roses and How to Grow Them. Collected magazine articles. 19 10. 
 
 199 pp. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. 
 Commercial Rose-Culture. By Eber Holmes. 191 1. 165 pp. A. T. 
 
 de la Mare Printing and Publishing Company, New York. 
 EvERBLOOMiNG RosEs FOR THE OuTDOOR Garden. By Georgia T. 
 
 Drennan. 191 2. 262 pp. DufField & Co., New York. 
 The Practical Book of Outdoor Rose-Growing. By George C. 
 
 Thomas, Jr. 1914. 156 pp. and 96 plates in color, etc. J. B. Lippin- 
 
 cott Company. 
 The American Rose Annual. 1916,1917,1918,1919,1920. Published 
 
 by the J. Horace McFarland Cornpany, Harrisburg, Pa., for The 
 
 American Rose Society. Contributions upon roses, rose-growing and 
 
 rose-gardens. Recounts the year's activities. Free to members only. 
 
 The following are all edited from the Enghsh standpoint : 
 
 Roses: Their History, Development, and Cultivation. By Rev. 
 Joseph H. Pemberton, Vice-President of the National Rose Society. 
 1908. 336 pp. Longmans, Green & Co., London and New York. 
 
 Roses and Rose-Growing. By Rose G. Kingsley. 1908. 163 pp., 28 
 full-page color-plates. The Macmillan Company, New York and 
 London. With special attention to the best roses in each of the 
 various classes, regarded from the English viewpoint. 
 
 Roses for English Gardens. By Gertrude Jekyll and Edward 
 Mawley. 1902. 164 pp. George Newnes, Ltd., London. Although 
 relating to English gardens, it is, nevertheless, most entertaining, anid 
 by its thoroughness helps to clear up many questions left unan- 
 swered by other authorities. 
 
 Rose-Growing Made Easy. By E. T. Cook. 200 pp. Another English 
 publication, suggestive and helpful, and written apparently by one 
 with long years of first-hand experience." 
 
 The Rose Book. A complete guide for amateur rose-growers by H. H. 
 Thomas. 1913. 283 pp. Profusely illustrated. Treats well the various 
 uses to which roses may be put. 
 
 The Book ofthe Rose. By Rev. A. Foster-Melliar, M.A. 352 pages, 33 
 illustrations. Macmillan & Co. 1902. A comprehensive and inspiring 
 authority covering well the entire subject, for the use of the amateur. 
 
 For a hst of rose-books in all languages the * 'Cyclopedia 
 of American Horticulture" refers us to the "Bibhografia de 
 la Rosa," Vergara, Madrid, 1892. 
 
io6 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Synonymous Roses 
 Some roses have acquired new names that seem to be an 
 improvement; for example, Dutch Beauty in place of 
 Veluwezoom. Another case is Mme. Norbert Levavasseur; 
 when once planted and thoroughly domesticated, she 
 answers to the name of Red Baby Rambler. But, if you 
 wish to order Red Baby Rambler, remember there are nearly 
 half a dozen roses so called; so, if you want to be certain, 
 refer to the following list for guidance. Renaming a rose 
 with intent to deceive has come to be regarded by rosarians 
 as a crime. When a second name is adopted for the sake of 
 euphony, the original name should be carried in parentheses. 
 
 Anna de Diesbach . . . . 
 
 . . H.P. . 
 
 . Gloire de Paris 
 
 Baby Dorothy, Pink . . . 
 
 ..P. 
 
 . Maman Levavasseur 
 
 Baby Rambler, Pink . . . 
 
 . . P. . . 
 
 . Maman Levavasseur 
 
 Baby Rambler, Red . . . 
 
 . . P. . . . 
 
 .^Mme. Norbert Levavasseur 
 
 Baby Rambler, White . . 
 
 . . P. . . 
 
 . Katharina Zeimet 
 
 Baby Rambler, Yellow . . 
 
 . . P. . . 
 
 . Etoile de Mai 
 
 Baby Tausendschon . . . 
 
 . . P. . . 
 
 . Louise Walter 
 
 Baby Tausendschon . . . 
 
 . . P. . . 
 
 . Echo 
 
 Ball of Snow 
 
 . . H.P. . 
 
 . Perle des Blanches 
 
 Dorothy Dennison. . . . 
 
 . . W. . . 
 
 . Lady Godiva 
 
 Dorothy Perkins .... 
 
 . . H.W. 
 
 . Lady Gay 
 
 Dorothy Perkins, Red 
 
 . . H.W. 
 
 . Excelsa 
 
 Dutch Beauty 
 
 . . H.T. . 
 
 . Veluwezoom 
 
 Green Rose 
 
 . . C. . . 
 
 . Viridiflora 
 
 Killarney, Striped . . . 
 
 . . H.T. . 
 
 . Spectacular 
 
 Killarney, Orange . . . 
 
 . . H.T. . 
 
 . Duchess of Wellington 
 
 La France, Red .... 
 
 . . H.T. . 
 
 . Duchess of Albany 
 
 La France, Striped . . . 
 
 . . H.T. . 
 
 . Mme. Angel Vayssett 
 
 La France, White . . . 
 
 . . H.T. . 
 
 . Mile. Aug. Guinoisseau 
 
 La Reine des Neige . . 
 
 . . H.P. . 
 
 . Frau Karl Druschki 
 
 Magnolia Rose .... 
 
 . . T. . . 
 
 . Devoniensis 
 
 Maman Cochet, Yellow . 
 
 . . H.T. . 
 
 . Mmel Derepas-Matrat 
 
 Maman Levavasseur . . 
 
 . . P. . . 
 
 . Baby Dorothy 
 
 Mignon 
 
 . . P. . . 
 
 . Mile. Cecile Brunner 
 
 Mrs. W. H. Cutbush . . 
 
 . . P. . . 
 
 . Mrs. Taft 
 
 Mrs. W. J. Grant . . . 
 
 . H.T. . 
 
 . Belle Siebrecht 
 
 Prima Donna 
 
 . H.T, . 
 
 . Mme. P. Euler 
 
 Prince Camille de Rohan 
 
 . . H.P. . 
 
 . . La Roseire 
 
 Queen, Th^ 
 
 . . T. . . 
 
 . . Souv. de S. A. Prince 
 
 Rambler, Golden . . . 
 
 . . N. . . 
 
 . . Alister Stella Gray 
 
 Rambler, Pink .... 
 
 . . Mult. 
 
 . . Euphrosine 
 
 Rambler, White .... 
 
 . . Mult. . 
 
 . . Thalia 
 
 Rambler, Yellow .... 
 
 . . Mult. . 
 
 . . Aglaia 
 
 Sweetheart 
 
 . . P. . . 
 
 . . Mile. Cecile Brunner 
 
 Thousand Beauties . . . 
 
 . . Mult. . 
 
 . . Tausendschon 
 
 Virginia R. Coxe .... 
 
 . . . H.T. . 
 
 . . Gruss an Teplitz 
 
 White American Beauty 
 
 . . H.P. . 
 
 . . Frau Karl Druschki 
 
 Wm. R. Smith 
 
 . . T. 
 
 . . Charles Dingee 
 
 Wm. R. Smith 
 
 . . . T. 
 
 . . Jeannette Heller 
 
 N.B. — See also common names to rose species, foot of page 107, 
 
THE FAMILY ROSA ^ 
 
 Analysis of Species 
 
 It is doubtful if anyone will have come thus far in this 
 httle book, who is not, w4th the author, a real seeker after 
 truth. Just as the story of man becomes doubly interesting 
 as we trace back his development from the earher types of 
 man, so with the rose. A present-day Radiance or Rayon 
 d'Or is a vastly more fascinating object of attention when 
 one can go to another corner of the garden and point out to 
 visitors the true progenitor of that race. Hybridizing deserves 
 a complete chapter of its own. Right here let us study what 
 has been done by the guiding hand of man. Family charts are 
 a useful aid in pointing out relationships. A diagram may be 
 more illuminating than many pages of description. There- 
 fore, as an introduction to the various best-known classes, 
 pause a moment to survey* this analysis of species on the 
 two following pages. This the author conceives to be a most 
 helpful outhne of the many, many famihes that make up 
 this interesting race of flowers. 
 
 In this book there has not been room to describe the rose 
 species. We would, however, call special attention to cer- 
 tain "types" which we have starred in the following hst. 
 Their place is not in a bed with the Teas or Hybrid Teas. 
 Consider for example, Hugonis — that recent acquisition from 
 China. In three seasons it will be 4 to 5 feet high and 
 in bloom two weeks earher than the early-blooming Harison's 
 Yellow. And so with others: they are unique, hardy, 
 vigorous. They need only to be fittingly placed to give to 
 the garden a charm and distinction quite above the ordinary. 
 
 *The following two pages are published here with permission and by 
 courtesy of Longmans, Green & Co., New York., from their book, "Roses: 
 Their History, Development, and Cultivation," by Rev. J. H. Pemberton 
 (see page 105). 
 
 The reader will note how far removed from the original species are both 
 the Tea and Hybrid Tea families, whereas, from many species there has 
 been almost no development at all. 
 
 Equivalents of our common names to some of those on next pages: 
 
 Champney .... Noisettiana Moss Muscosa 
 
 Cherokee Laevigata Musk Moschata 
 
 Dog ....... Canina Prairie Setigera 
 
 Eglantine Rubiginosa Scotch Spinosissima 
 
 Memorial Wichuraiana Sweetbriar .... Rubiginosa 
 
Hybrid Tea 
 
 ^1 
 
 V 
 
 Js§§'B § 
 
 ^ 9J rt ^ « ^ 
 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 w 
 
 Oh 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 < 
 z 
 
 < 
 
 0^ -3 
 
 C C ^ c^ 
 
 3 >, C J^^.S 
 c7^ < CQOSCU 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 C) 
 
 C 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 en 
 
 < 
 
 
 B o 
 
 3-Q 
 
 ^ quo: ^< 
 
 w -^ 
 
 '+3 C 
 CO CO 
 
 « 
 
 >5 
 
 G 
 
 CO 
 
 O 
 
 PQ 
 
no 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Roses Arranged in Classes 
 
 In order that the various classes may be studied better 
 as to their characteristics, we hereunder group the more 
 important varieties. French, German, and Enghsh authori- 
 ties differ somewhat in placing a few kinds. Regarding the 
 following hsts, however, they are in substantial agreement. 
 In case of differences we have rehed upon the country of 
 origin as our authority, e.g., Harison's Yellow. 
 
 Alba 
 
 *Mme. Plantier 
 
 Austrian Briar, or Lutea 
 
 Austrian Copper 
 Austrian Yellow 
 
 *Harison's Yellow 
 *Persian Yellow 
 
 Hybrid Austrian Briar, or Pernetiana 
 
 Beaute de Lyon Louise Catherine Muriel Dickson 
 
 Constance 
 *JuIiet 
 
 Breslau 
 ''Mme. Edouard Herriot 
 
 ''Rayon d'Or 
 *SoIeiI d'Or 
 
 Appoline 
 
 *Beauty of Rosemawr 
 Burbank 
 
 Bengal 
 
 Archduke Charles LucuKus 
 
 Douglas Maddalena Scalarandis 
 
 Bourbon 
 
 *Champion of the World 
 Mme. Eugene Marlitt 
 
 Santa Rosa 
 
 Souv. de la Malmaison 
 
 Agrippina 
 
 ''Birdie Blye (Heart 
 of France) 
 
 China 
 
 *Herniosa 
 Pink Daily 
 
 Damask 
 
 Mrs. O. G. Orpen 
 
 *Queens Scarlet 
 Viridifloraf 
 
 ''York and 'Lancaster 
 
 Alfred Colomb 
 
 Alphonse Soupert 
 '^American Beauty 
 *Anna de Diesbachf 
 
 Antoine Wintzer 
 
 Ards Rover 
 
 Ball of Snow 
 
 Barbarossa 
 
 Baroness Rothschild 
 
 Hybrid Perpetual 
 
 Baron de Bonstetten 
 Belle d'Orleans 
 Candeur Lyonnaise 
 Captain Christy 
 Captain Hayward 
 Charles Wagner 
 Cheshunt Hybrid 
 *CIio 
 Commander Jules 
 Gravereaux 
 
 Coquette des Alpes 
 
 Coquette des Blanches 
 
 Eugene Furst 
 
 Francois Levet 
 *Frau Karl Druschkif 
 *General Jacqueminot 
 
 George Arends 
 
 Giant of Battles 
 
 *Gloire de Chedane 
 
 Guinoisseau 
 
 REFERENCE MARKS EXPLAINED 
 The asterisk (*) indicates leading varieties described on pages 43 to 62. 
 The dagger (f) indicates roses with two names and refers to list of syn- 
 onymous roses. 
 
ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES m 
 
 Hybrid Perpetual Roses, contijtued 
 
 Gloire de Margottin 
 *GIoire Lyonnaise 
 
 Glory of Paris 
 
 Heinrich Munch 
 *Hugh Dickson 
 *J. B. Clark 
 
 John Hopper 
 
 John Keynes 
 
 Jubilee 
 
 Lady Helen Stewart 
 
 La Reine 
 
 Admiral Schley 
 
 Admiral Ward 
 *Antoine Rivoire 
 *Arthur R. Goodwin 
 
 Augustus Hartmann 
 
 Autumn Tints 
 
 Avoca 
 
 Bessie Brown 
 *Be«y 
 
 Brilliant 
 
 British Queen 
 
 Camoens 
 
 Cardinal 
 
 Carine 
 *Chateau de CIos 
 Vougeot 
 
 Cherry Page 
 
 Cherry Ripe 
 
 Chrissie MacKellar 
 
 Cissie Easlea 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Colleen 
 
 Col. R. S. Williamson 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Comtesse Icy Hardegg 
 
 Countess Clanwilliam 
 
 Countess of Derby 
 
 Countess of Gosford 
 
 Countess of Shaftes- 
 bury 
 
 Dean Hole 
 
 Defiance 
 
 Dorothy Page-Roberts 
 
 Dr. J. Campbell Hall 
 
 Dr. O'Donel Browne 
 
 Duchess of Albanyt 
 
 Duchess of Sutherland 
 *Duchess of Wel- 
 lingtont 
 
 Duchess of 
 Westminster 
 
 Earl of Warwick 
 
 Ecarlate 
 
 Edgar M. Burnett 
 
 Edith Part 
 
 Mme. Charles Wood 
 Mme. Masson 
 Mile. Louise Crette 
 
 *Magna Charta 
 Marchioness of Lome 
 Margaret Dickson 
 Marshall P. Wilder 
 
 *Mrs. John Laing 
 Mrs. R. G. Sharman- 
 Crawford 
 
 Hybrid Tea 
 
 Edward Mawley 
 
 Elizabeth Barnes 
 
 Ethel Malcolm 
 *EtoiIe de France 
 
 Eugene BouIIet 
 
 Farbenkonigin 
 
 Florence E. Coulth- 
 waite 
 
 Florence Forrester 
 *FIorence Pemberton 
 *Francis Scott Key 
 
 F. R. Patzer 
 Frau Lilla 
 
 Rautenstrauch 
 Gainsborough 
 
 G. Amedee Hammond 
 *GeneraI MacArthur 
 *GeneraI-Superior 
 
 Arnold Janssen 
 
 George C. Waud 
 *George Dickson 
 
 Gorgeous 
 
 Grace Molyneux 
 
 Grange Colombe 
 
 Grossherzog Friedrich 
 *Gruss an Teplitzf 
 
 Gustav Grunerwald 
 *HadIey 
 
 Hector MacKenzie 
 
 Helen Gould 
 
 H. E. Richardson 
 *Hoosier Beauty 
 
 H. V. Machin 
 
 Ideal 
 
 lona Herdman 
 
 Irish Beauty 
 
 Irish Elegance 
 *Irish Fireflame 
 
 James Coey 
 
 Janet 
 
 *Jonkheer J. L. Mock 
 *Joseph Hill 
 
 Josephine 
 *Kaiserin Auguste 
 Victoria 
 
 Oakmont 
 
 Pauia Clegg 
 *PauI Neyron 
 *Prince Camille de 
 Rohanf 
 
 Rembrandt 
 *Roger Lambelin 
 
 Tom Wood 
 *UIrich Brunner 
 
 Vick's Caprice 
 
 Victor Verdier 
 
 *KiIIarney 
 *KiIIarney Brilliant 
 *KiIIarney, White 
 
 Killarney Queen 
 
 King George V. 
 
 Konigin Carola 
 *Lady Alice Stanley 
 *Lady Ashtown 
 
 Lady Greenall 
 *Lady Mary Ward 
 
 Lady Moyra Beauclerc 
 *Lady Pirrie 
 
 Lady Ursula 
 *La Francef 
 *La Tosca 
 *Laurent Carle 
 
 Leslie Holland 
 
 Liberty 
 
 Lieutenant Chaure 
 *Los Angeles 
 
 Louise Lilia 
 
 Lyon Rose 
 
 Mme. Abel Chatenay 
 
 Mme. Bernier d'Arnex 
 *Mme. Caroline Testout 
 *Mme. Charles Lutaud 
 
 Mme. Colette Martinet 
 (Mme. Derepas- 
 Matrat) 
 *Mme. Edmond 
 Rostand 
 
 Mme. Eugenie BouIIet 
 
 Mme. Felix Faure 
 
 Mme. Jenny Gillcmot 
 *Mme. Jules Bouclie 
 *Mme. Jules Grolez 
 
 Mme. J. W. Budde 
 *Mme. Leon Pain 
 
 Mme. Maurice de Luze 
 *Mme. Melanie Soupert 
 
 Mme. P. Euler 
 
 Mme. Phillipe Rivoire 
 *Mme. Ravary 
 
 Mme. Schwaller 
 *Mme. Segond Weber 
 
ROSA HUGONIS comes from Northern China and is perfectly 
 hardy. Mr. E. H. Wilson, of the Arnold Arboretum, says of it: "It is an 
 upright-growing Shrub with slender and spreading branches on which 
 the fragrant flowers are borne in yard-long sprays of soft yellow. As I 
 write in mid-November, the foliage is still on the Shrub and has assumed 
 a dark purple tint." It blooms here two weeks ahead of any other rose — 
 not a climber but a large bush rose which may be trained as here shown. 
 
ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES 113 
 
 Hybrid Tea Roses, continued 
 
 Mile. Aug. Guinoisseau 
 Mile. Helena Cambier 
 Mile. Marie Mascuraud 
 Mabel Drew 
 Magnafrano 
 Majestic . 
 Mama Looymans 
 Marcella 
 Margaret Dickson 
 
 Hamill 
 Mark Twain 
 Marquise de Querhoent 
 
 *Marquise de Sinety 
 
 *Mary, Countess of II- 
 
 chester 
 Max HesdorfFer 
 May Miller 
 Meteor 
 Mevrouw Dora Van 
 
 Tets 
 Milady 
 Miss Cynthia Forde 
 
 *Mrs. Aaron Ward 
 Mrs. A. E. Coxhead 
 Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo 
 Mrs. Amy Hammond 
 Mrs. Andrew Carnegie 
 Mrs. Archie Gray 
 
 *Mrs. A. R. Waddell 
 Mrs. Bertram J. 
 
 Walker 
 Mrs. Chas. E. Pearson 
 Mrs. Chas. Hunter 
 Mrs. Chas. Russell 
 Mrs. Conway Jones 
 Mrs. Cornwallis West 
 Mrs. David Jardine 
 Mrs. David McKee 
 Mrs. Edward Powell 
 
 Mrs. Forde 
 
 Mrs. F. W. Vander- 
 bilt 
 
 Mrs. George Gordon 
 
 Mrs. George Norwood 
 
 Mrs. George Shawyer 
 
 Mrs. Harold Brockle- 
 bank 
 
 Mrs. Harvey Thomas 
 
 Mrs. Hugh Dickson 
 
 Mrs. J. H. Welch 
 
 Mrs. MacKellar 
 
 Mrs. Maynard Sinton 
 
 Mrs. Moorefield Storey 
 
 Mrs. R. D. McCIure 
 
 Mrs. Richard Draper 
 
 Mrs. Robert Garrett 
 
 Mrs. Sam Ross 
 
 Mrs. T. Hillas 
 
 Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt 
 *Mrs. Wakefield Chris- 
 tie-Miller 
 
 Mrs. Wemyss Quin 
 *My Maryland 
 
 Natalie Bottner 
 
 Neervelt 
 
 Nerissa 
 
 Old-Gold 
 
 Olivia 
 *0phelia 
 
 Panama 
 
 Peerless 
 
 Pernet's Triumph 
 *Pharisaer 
 
 Pilgrim 
 
 President Vignet 
 
 Premier 
 
 Prima Donnaf 
 
 Prince Engelbert 
 Charles d'Arenberg 
 
 Prince de Bulgarie 
 
 Princess Bonnie 
 
 Queen Beatrice 
 
 Queen Mary 
 *Radiance 
 
 Red Columbia 
 
 Red- Letter Day 
 *Red Radiance 
 
 Reine Carola de Saxe 
 
 Reine Marguerite, 
 d' Italic 
 
 Rene Robbins 
 
 Renee Wilmart Urban 
 
 Rhea Reid 
 
 Richmond . 
 
 Seabird 
 
 Souv. de E. Guillard 
 *Souv. de Gustave Prat 
 *Souv. du Pres. Carnot 
 
 Souv. of Wootton 
 
 Spectacularf 
 *Sunburst 
 
 Taft Rose 
 
 Veluwezoomf 
 
 Viscountess Enfield 
 
 Viscountess Folkestone 
 
 Virginia R. Coxef 
 
 Walter Speed 
 
 Waltham's Scarlet 
 
 W. E. Lippiatt 
 
 Wellesley 
 
 West Grove 
 *White Killarney 
 
 William Cooper 
 *WiIIiaxn Shean 
 *WiIIowmere 
 
 Winnie Davis 
 
 There are in this list other promising varieties not yet sufficiently tested 
 to recommend. 
 
 Blanche Moreau 
 Blanche Roberts 
 Caroline Marneis 
 Comtesse de Murinais 
 
 ^nnchen Miiller 
 *Baby Dorothyf 
 *Baby Ramblerf 
 
 Betsy Van Nes 
 
 Clotilde Soupert 
 
 Echo 
 *EIIen Poulsen 
 *Erna TeschendorfF 
 
 Moss 
 
 *Crested Moss 
 Crimson Globe 
 Eugene de Savoi 
 Glory of Mosses 
 
 Polyantha 
 
 Etoile de Mai 
 
 F. J. Grootendorst 
 *George Elger 
 
 Goldfinch 
 *Gruss an Aachen 
 *Katharina Zeimet 
 
 Leonie Lamesch 
 *Louise Walterf 
 
 "Henri Martin 
 Mousseline 
 Princess Adelaide 
 Salet 
 
 *Mme. Norbert Leva- 
 
 vasseurf 
 *MIIe. Cecile Brunner 
 *Maman Levavasseurj 
 *Marie Pavie 
 
 Mignonf 
 
 Mignonette 
 
 Mfniature 
 
114 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Mosella, T.P. 
 Mrs. W. H. Cutbusht 
 Mme. Jules Gouchault 
 Mrs. Taftt 
 
 Polyantba Roses, continued 
 
 ''Orleans 
 Perle d'Or 
 Sweetheartf 
 
 *Tip-Top 
 
 Triomphe Orleanais 
 White Soupert 
 Yellow Soupert 
 Yvonne Rabier 
 
 *Agnes Emily Carman 
 Alice Aldrich 
 Amelia Gravereaux 
 Beaute Poitevine 
 *BIanc Double de 
 
 Coubert 
 Chas. F. Worth 
 *Conrad Ferdinand 
 Meyer 
 
 Rugosa and Hybrids 
 
 Hansa 
 
 Mme. Chas. Frederick 
 
 Worth 
 Max Graf 
 *New Century 
 Nova Zembia 
 Regina Badet 
 Repens alba 
 Roseraie de I'Hay 
 
 Ada Carmody 
 *AIexander Hill Gray 
 
 Alliance Franco-Russe 
 
 Anna Oliver 
 
 Aurora 
 
 Beaute Inconstante 
 
 Betty Berkeley 
 
 Blumenschmidt 
 
 Bon Silene 
 
 Bride 
 *Bridesmaid 
 
 Canadian Belle 
 
 Catherine Mermet 
 
 Comtesse Riza duParc 
 
 Comtesse SophyTorby 
 
 Coquette de Lyon 
 
 Corallina 
 
 Corinna 
 
 Cornelia Cook 
 
 David Pradel 
 *Devoniensist 
 
 Dr. Grill 
 *Duchesse de Brabant 
 
 Enchantress 
 
 Etoile de Lyon 
 
 Fr. von Marschall 
 
 General R. E. Lee 
 
 G. Nabonnand 
 
 Golden Gate 
 *Harry Kirk 
 
 Helen Good 
 
 Henry M, Stanley 
 *Hugo Roller 
 
 Isabella Sprunt 
 
 Ivory 
 
 Tea 
 
 J. B. Varonne 
 
 Konigin Wilhelmina 
 *Lady Hillingdon 
 
 Lady Plymouth 
 
 Lady Roberts 
 
 Lena 
 
 Letty Coles 
 
 Mme. Antoine Mari 
 *Mme. Camille 
 
 Mme. Caroline Kuster 
 
 Mme. C. P. Strassheim 
 
 Mme.Derepas-Matratf 
 
 Mme. de Vatrey _ 
 
 Mme. de Watteville 
 
 Mme. Elie Lambert 
 
 Mme. F. Kruger 
 
 Mme. Hoste 
 
 Mme. Jean Dupuy 
 
 Mme. Jos. Schwartz 
 
 Mme. Lambard 
 
 Mme. Margottin 
 
 Mme. Olga 
 
 Mme. Rene Gerard 
 
 Mme. Vermorel 
 
 Mme. Welche 
 
 Mile. J. Phillips 
 *Madison 
 *Maman Cochetf 
 *Maman Cochet, White 
 
 Marie Guillot 
 
 Marie Lambert 
 *Marie Van Houtte 
 
 Marion Dingee 
 
 Medea 
 
 Bengaly Climber 
 
 Empress of China 
 
 Roseraie Parfum de 
 I'Hay 
 Rosa Tetankaba 
 *Rugosa alba 
 
 Rugosa magnifica 
 *Rugosa rubra 
 *Sir Thomas Lipton 
 (White Century) 
 Souv. de Pierre 
 Leperdrieux 
 
 *Miss Alice de 
 Rothschild 
 Molly S. Crawford 
 
 *Mrs. B. R. Cant 
 Mrs. Campbell Hall 
 Mrs. Foley-Hobbs 
 Mrs. Herbert Hawks- 
 worth 
 Mrs. Herbert Stevens 
 Mrs. Hubert Taylor 
 Mrs. Myles Kennedy 
 Mrs. S. T. Wright 
 Muriel Grahame 
 Nita Weldon 
 Papa Gontier 
 
 *PerIe des Jardins 
 Perle des Jaunes 
 Princess HohenzoIIern 
 Princess de Sagan 
 Queen Olga of Greece 
 Queen, Thef 
 Rainbow 
 Rose d'Evian 
 
 *Safrano 
 Sombreuil 
 Souv. de Catherine 
 Guillot 
 
 *Souv. de Pierre 
 
 Notting 
 Sulphurea 
 Sunrise 
 Sunset 
 White Maman Cochet 
 
 *Wm. R. Smithf 
 Winter Gem 
 
ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES 115 
 
 Climbing Hybrid Tea 
 
 *Carmine Pillar (Paul's) *Lady Ashtown, CI. 
 
 *Gruss an Teplitz, CI. 
 *Kaiserin Auguste _ 
 Victoria, Climbing 
 
 Killarney, White, CI. 
 
 Killarney, Climbing 
 
 Cumberland Belle 
 
 Aglaia 
 
 "American Pillar 
 "Aunt Harriet 
 
 Flower of Fairfield 
 
 Geisha 
 
 *AIister Stella Grayf 
 Bridesmaid, Climbing 
 Chromatellat 
 Cloth of Goldt 
 
 Mile. Cecile Brunner, 
 Climbing 
 
 La France, Pink, CI. 
 Climbing 
 *Mme. CarolineTestout, 
 
 Climbing 
 Mme. Wagram 
 
 Climbing Moss 
 
 *Le Poilu 
 
 Multiflora 
 
 Miss Messman 
 Mosella, Climbing 
 *PhiIadeIphia Rambler 
 Psyche 
 Rambler, Crimson 
 
 Noisette 
 
 Lamarque 
 
 *Mme. Alfred Carriere 
 *MarechaI Niel 
 
 Climbing Polyantha 
 
 Clotilde Soupert, 
 
 Meteor, Climbing 
 *Mrs. Robert Peary 
 My Maryland, Cf. 
 Reine Marie Henriette, 
 
 Climbing 
 Souv. of Wootton, CI. 
 
 Wiclinioss 
 
 Climbing 
 
 Ramblersf 
 *Tausend3ch6nt 
 Thalia 
 Trier 
 Wartburg 
 
 Reve d'Or 
 
 Solfatare 
 *Wm. Allen Richardson 
 
 Frau Berta Guertler, 
 Climbing 
 
 Species 
 
 Hugonis 
 Moyesii 
 Xanthina 
 
 Devoniensis, Climbing 
 Gloire de Dijon 
 Isabella Gray 
 James Sprunt 
 
 Siveetbriar 
 
 Amy Robsart 
 Anne of Geierstein 
 
 Climbing Tea 
 
 *Mme. Driout 
 
 Mme. Jules Gravereaux 
 *Maman Cochet, Pink, 
 Climbing 
 
 Lady Penzance 
 "Sweetbriar, Common 
 
 Maman Cochet, White, 
 
 Climbing 
 Perle des Jardins, CI. 
 Pillar of Gold. 
 
 Wichuraiana and Hybrids 
 
 Alba rubrifolia 
 "Alberic Barbier 
 "American Beauty, CI. 
 "Aviateur Bleriot 
 "Bess Lovett 
 
 Casimir MouIIe 
 "Christine Wright 
 "Coronation 
 
 Daybreak 
 
 Debutante 
 
 Dorothy Dennisonf 
 "Dorothy Perkinsf 
 "Dorothy Perkins, 
 
 White 
 "Dorothy Perkins, 
 
 Redf 
 "Dr. W, Van Fleet 
 
 *EmiIy Gray 
 
 Evangeline 
 
 Evergreen Gem 
 *Excelsa 
 
 Farquhar 
 ^Gardenia 
 *Hiawatha 
 
 Jersey Beauty 
 
 Juanita 
 
 Lady Duncan 
 
 Lady Gayf 
 
 Long wood 
 
 Manda's Triumph 
 *Mary Lovettf 
 *May Queen 
 
 Minnehaha 
 
 Mrs. M. H. Walsh 
 
 *Paurs Scarlet Climber 
 
 Pearl Queen 
 
 Prof. C. S. Sargent 
 
 Robert Craig 
 *Ruby Queen 
 *Shower of Gold 
 *SiIver Moon 
 
 Sodenia 
 
 South Orange Perfec- 
 tion 
 
 Sweetheart 
 
 Universal Favorite 
 
 W. C. Egan 
 
 Wichmoss 
 *Wichuraianu 
 
 Wichuraiana 
 variegata 
 
ii6 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Index 
 
 Abundance, 80. 
 
 Acicularis, 109. 
 
 Ada Carmody, 114. 
 
 Admiral Aaron Ward, 81. 
 
 Admiral Ward Rose, 79, 1 1 j . 
 
 Admiral Schley, iii. 
 
 ^nnchen MuIIer, 113. 
 
 Aglaia, 108, 115. 
 
 Agnes Emily Carman, 43. 
 
 Agrippina, no. 
 
 Alba, 108. 
 
 Alba rubrifolia, 115. 
 
 Alberic Barbier, 43. 
 
 Alexander Hill Gray, 43. 
 
 Alfred Colomb, 79, no. 
 
 Alice Aldrich, 114. 
 
 Alister Stella Gray 
 (Golden Rambler), 43. 
 
 Alliance Franco-Russe, 114. 
 
 Alphonse Soupert, no. 
 
 Alpina, 109. 
 
 Altaica, 109. 
 
 Altitude, Consfderation 
 of, 6. 
 
 Amateur Teyssier, 81. 
 
 Americana, 109. 
 
 Amelia Gravereaux, 114. 
 
 American Beauty (Mme. 
 Ferd. Jamin), 44. 
 
 American Beauty, Climb- 
 ing, 44. 
 
 American Pillar, 44. 
 
 American Rose Society, 92. 
 
 Amy Robsart, 115. 
 
 Analysis of Species, 107- 
 109. 
 
 Anna de Diesbach, 44. 
 
 Anna Oliver, 114. 
 
 Anne of Geierstein, 115. 
 
 Antoine Rivoire, 44, 89. 
 
 Antoine Wintzer, no. 
 
 Aphides or green-fly. 
 How and when to des- 
 troy, 6, 30. 
 
 Appoline, no. 
 
 Archduke Charles, no. 
 
 Ards Rover, no. 
 
 Arsenate of lead. How to 
 use, 6. 
 
 Arthur R. Goodwin, 44. 
 
 Arvensis, 108. 
 
 Ashes, Use of Coal, 6. 
 
 Attar of Roses, 102. 
 
 Avenue effect with roses, 13. 
 
 Augustine Guinoisseau, 81. 
 
 Augustus' Hartmann, in. 
 
 Aunt Harriet, 44. 
 
 Aurora, 1 14. 
 
 Austrian Copper, 109, no. 
 
 Austrian Yellow, 109, no. 
 
 Autumn Tints, in. 
 
 Aviateur Bleriot, 44. 
 
 Avoca, 77. 
 
 Ayrshire, 108. 
 
 Baby Dorothy (Maman 
 Levavasseur), 44, 106. 
 
 Baby Rambler, Red (Mme. 
 
 Norbert Levavasseur), 
 
 44, 106. 
 Baby Ramblers, 44, 106. 
 BabyTausendschon 
 
 (Louise Walter), 106. 
 Bailey, Prof. Liberty H.,!:38. 
 Ball of Snow, 106, no. 
 Banksiae, 108. 
 Banksia, 108. 
 Barbarossa, no. 
 Baronne Provost, 88. 
 Baron de Bonstetten, no. 
 Baroness Rothschild, 79, 
 
 no. 
 Beaute Inconstante, 114. 
 Beaute Poitevine, 114. 
 Beauty of Rosemawr, 44. 
 Beds, Rose.shape and size, 1 1 
 Belle d'Orleans, no. 
 BerberifoHa, 109. 
 Bessie Brown, in. 
 Bess Lovett, 44. 
 Betsy Van Nes, 1 13. 
 Betty, 44. 
 
 Betty Berkeley, 114. 
 Bibliography, 105. 
 Birdie Blye, 44. 
 Black-Leaf 40, 7, 30. 
 Black-spot, 30. 
 Blanc Double de Cou- 
 
 bert, 44. 
 Blanche Moreau, 44. 
 Blanche Roberts, 113. 
 Blumenschmidt, 114. 
 Bone-dust, When to use, 
 
 Bon Silene, 114. 
 Books about roses, 105. 
 Bordeaux Mixture, 7, 30. 
 Bourbons, 108. 
 Boutonniere, 42. 
 Bracteata, 109. 
 Bracteatse, 109. 
 Bride, 114. 
 Bridesmaid, 44. 
 Bridesmaid, Climbing, 115. 
 Brilliant, in. 
 British Queen, in. 
 Bruant, M. Georges, 86. 
 Brunoni, 108. 
 Budded roses, 36. 
 Budding roses, 36. 
 Bud-rot, 30. 
 Burbank, no. 
 Burying,'for winter, 27. 
 
 Cabbage, 108. 
 
 Calendar of operations, 
 
 6, 7. 
 Camoens, in. 
 Canadian Belle, 114. 
 Candeur Lyonnaise, no. 
 Canina, 109. 
 
 Canina roses for grafting, 36. 
 Caninae, 109. 
 Captain Christy, no. 
 
 Captain Hayward, no. 
 
 Cardinal, ill. 
 
 Carine, in. 
 
 Carman, Robert C. S., 86. 
 
 Carmine Pillar, 44. 
 
 CaroHna, 109. 
 
 Carolinae, 109. 
 
 Carolirie Marneis, 113. 
 
 Catherine Mermet, 114. 
 
 Casimir MouIIe, 115. 
 
 Cecile Brunner. See Mile. 
 Cecile Brunner, 53. 
 
 CentifoHa, 108. 
 
 Champion of the World, 46. 
 
 Chapman, Mr., ornitholo- 
 gist, 10. 
 
 Charles Dingee, 106. 
 
 Charles F. Worth, 114. 
 
 Charles Wagner, no. 
 
 Chateau de CIos Vougeot, 
 46, 89. 
 
 Cherry Page, in. 
 
 Cherry Ripe, in. 
 
 Cheshunt Hybrid, III. 
 
 Chinas, 108. 
 
 Chrissie MacKellar, in. 
 
 Christine Wright, 46, 83. 
 
 Cinnamomea, 109. 
 
 Cissie Easlea, in. 
 
 Classes, 39, 110-115. 
 
 Cleveland, in. 
 
 CHo, 46. 
 
 Clotilde Soupert, 113. 
 
 Clotilde Soupert, CI., 115. 
 
 Colleen, in. 
 
 Color plates, i, 12, 21, 32, 
 40, 45, 51. 58, 63, 70, 78, 
 87, 94, 103, 112, 117. 
 
 Col. R. S. Williamson, in. 
 
 Columbia, 4, 46, 77, 79, 80. 
 
 Commander Jules Graver- 
 eaux, in. 
 
 Comtesse de Murinais, 113. 
 
 Comtesse Icy Hardegg, in. 
 
 Comtesse Riza du Pare, 114. 
 
 Comtesse Sophy Torby, 114. 
 
 Conrad F. Meyer, 46, 109. 
 
 Conserving moisture, 25. 
 
 Constance, 81. 
 
 Contents, table of, 2. 
 
 Cooper, Rev. A. E., 100. 
 
 Coquette des Alpes, in. 
 
 Coquette des Blanches, in. 
 
 Coquette de Lyon, 114. 
 
 Corallina, 114. 
 
 Corinna, 114. 
 
 Cornelia Cook, 114. 
 
 Coronation, 46. 
 
 Countess Clanwilliam, in. 
 
 Countess of Derby, in. 
 
 Countess of Gosford, 66. 
 
 Countess of Oxford, 88. 
 
 Countess of Shaftesbury, in. 
 
 Crested Moss, 46. 
 
 Crimson Globe, 113. 
 
 Crimson Rambler, 108, 
 115. 
 
PINK flAi-iV iiWll^I.ER, or BABY DOROTHY, is a good repre- 
 sentative of the Baby Rambler family, now available in an almost endless 
 variety of colors, including white and all shades of pink and red. 
 
 This is the dwarf-growing Polyantha Rose so popular now for edging 
 and also for bedding. It is recommended for use in place of geraniums, 
 because it is so hardy that it does not need to be replanted yearly. 
 
ii8 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Cumberland Belle, 115. 
 Currey, J. A., 77. 
 
 Daily MaiI(Mme. 
 
 Edouard Herriot), 53. 
 Damascena, 108. 
 David Pradel, 114. 
 Daybreak, 115. 
 Dean Hole, 10, 89, iii. 
 Debutante, 115. 
 Defiance, 1 1 1. 
 De la Grifferaie, 108. 
 Devoniensis, 46. 
 Dr. Grill, 114. 
 Distance apart, 1 1 . 
 Dr. J. Campbell Hall, in. 
 Dr. O'Donel Browne, in. 
 Dr. W. Van Fleet, 47- 
 Dr. W. Van Fleet, White, 
 
 Dorothy Dennison, 106, 
 
 115. 
 Dorothy Page - Roberts, 
 
 Dorothy Perkins, 47, 106, 
 
 108. 
 Dorothy Perkins, Red, 
 
 1 06. 
 Dorothy Perkins, White, 
 
 47. 
 Douglas, 1 10. 
 Drainage, 10-14. 
 Duchesse de Brabant, 47. 
 Duchess of Albany, in. 
 Duchess of Sutherland, 
 
 in. 
 Duchess of Wellington, 4, 
 
 47, i 
 Duche 
 
 of Westminster, 
 
 Dundee Rambler, 108. 
 Dutch Beauty, 106. 
 
 Earl of Warwick, 89, in. 
 Ecae, 109. 
 Ecarlate, 89, in. 
 Echo, 1 13. 
 
 Edgar M. Burnett, in. 
 Edith Part, in. 
 Edward Mawley, in. 
 Egan, W. C, 26, 85. 
 Ellen Poulsen, 47. 
 Ellen Willmott, 82. 
 Eliot, Charles W., 91. 
 Elisa Robichon, 83. 
 Elizabeth Barnes, ni. 
 Emily Gray, 57. 
 Empress of China, 14. 
 Enchantress, 114. 
 Erna Teschendorff, 47. 
 Ethel Malcolm, in. 
 Etoile de France, 47. 
 Etoile de Lyon, 114. 
 Etoile de Mai, 113. 
 Eugene Boullet, in. 
 Eugene de Savoi, 113. 
 Eugene Furst, in. 
 Euphrosine, 106. 
 Evangeline, 1 15. 
 Evergreen Gem, 115. 
 
 Excelsa, 47. 
 
 Expert opinions, 77-91. 
 
 Farbenkonigin, 89. 
 Farquhar, 115. 
 F. E. Coulthwaite, in. 
 F. J. Grootendorst, 86, 1 13. 
 Felicite et Perpetue, 108. 
 Fertilizers of all kinds, 16. 
 Florence Forrester, in. 
 Florence Pemberton, 48, 89. 
 Flower of Fairfield, 115. 
 Formal garden, illus., 13. 
 Four seasons, 108. 
 Fragrant roses, 93. 
 Francois Levet, in. 
 Francis Scott Key, 48. 
 Frau Berta Guertler, 115. 
 Frau Karl Druschki, 4, 48. 
 Frau Lilla Rautenstrauch, 
 
 F. R.Patzer, in. 
 
 Fr. von Marschall, 114. 
 Fungoid troubles, 7. 
 
 Gainsborough, in. 
 Gallica, 108. 
 Gallicse, 108. 
 
 G. Amedee Hammond, in. 
 Garden Favorite, 86. 
 Gardenia, 48. 
 
 Geisha, 115. 
 
 General Jacqueminot, 48. 
 
 General MacArthur, 48, 89. 
 
 General R. E. Lee, 114. 
 
 General - Superior Arnold 
 Janssen, 48. 
 
 George Arends, 48, 83. 
 
 George C. Waud, 82. 
 
 George Dickson, 48, 79. 
 
 George Elger, 48. 
 
 Giant of Battles, in. 
 
 Giant Tree Rose, illustra- 
 tion of, 98. 
 
 Gloire de Chedane 
 Guinoisseau, 48. 
 
 Gloire de Dijon, 26 ,77. 
 
 Gloire de Margottin, in. 
 
 Gloire Lyonnaise, 49. 
 
 Glory of Mosses, 113. 
 
 Gloire de Paris, 106. 
 
 Gloire des Polyanthas, 80. 
 
 Glory of Paris, in. 
 
 G. Nabonnand, 114. 
 
 Goldfinch, 1 13. 
 
 Golden Gate, 114. 
 
 Golden Rambler (see Alis- 
 ter Stella Gray). 
 
 Golden rules, 29. 
 
 Gorgeous, in. 
 
 Grace Molyneux, in. 
 
 Grafted roses, 36. 
 
 Grandiflora, 108. 
 
 Grange Colombe, 77, 79. 
 
 Gravereaux, M. Jules, 24. 
 
 Green-fly, Aphis or. How 
 to destroy, 6, 30. 
 
 Green Rose, 106. 
 
 Grossherzog Friedrich, 89. 
 
 Gruss an Aachen, 49. 
 
 Gruss an Teplitz, 40. 
 Gruss an Teplitz, CI., 49. 
 Gustav Grunerwald, 89, in. 
 
 Hadley, 49. 
 Hansa, 114. 
 Harisonii, 109. 
 Harison's Yellow, 49. 
 Harry Kirk, 49. 
 Hector MacKenzie, in. 
 Hedges, rose, 74. 
 Heeling-in roses, 19. 
 Heinrich Munch, in. 
 Heinrich Schultheis, 79. 
 Helen Good, 113. 
 Helen Gould, in. 
 H. E. Richardson, in. 
 Henri Martin, 49. 
 Henry M. Stanley, 114. 
 Hermosa, 49. 
 Hiawatha, 49. 
 Hibernica, 109. 
 Hoosier Beauty, 49. 
 Huey, Dr. Robert, 82. 
 Hugh Dickson, 49. 
 Hugonis, 50. 
 Hugo Roller, 50. 
 H. V. Machin, in. 
 Hybridizing, A few words 
 about, 104. 
 
 Ideal, in. 
 Ideals, 5. 
 Indica, 108. 
 Indicse, 108. 
 Indica odorata, 108. 
 Indica sanguinea, 108. 
 Insect enemies, 30. 
 Involuta, 109. 
 lona Herdman, in. 
 Irish Beauty, in. 
 Irish Elegance, in. 
 Irish Fireflame, 50. 
 Isabella Sprunt, 114. 
 Ivory, 114. 
 
 J. B. Varonne, 114. 
 
 James Coey, in. 
 
 Janet, in. 
 
 J. B. Clark, 50, 79. 
 
 Jeannette Heller, 106. 
 
 Jersey Beauty, 109, 115. 
 
 J. H. McFarland, 92, 93. 
 
 Jessie, 80. 
 
 John Hopper, in. 
 
 John Keynes, in. 
 
 Jonkheer J. L. Mock, 50, 
 
 79. 89. 
 Joseph Hill, 50, 81. 
 Josephine, in. 
 Juniata, 115. 
 Jubilee, in. 
 Jules Margottin, 79. 
 Juliet, 50. 
 
 Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, 
 
 5.0. 
 Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, 
 
 Climbing, 1 15. 
 Katharina Zeimet, 50. 
 
INDEX 
 
 119 
 
 Killarneys, 50, 89, 106. 
 Killarney Brilliant, 50. 
 Killarney Queen, 1 1 1 . 
 Killarney, Striped, 106. 
 Killarney, Climbing, 115. 
 Killarney, White, 50. 
 Killarney, White, CI., 115. 
 King George V., iii. 
 Konigin Carola, iii. 
 Konigin Wilhelmina, 1 1 4. 
 
 Labeling, 22, 23. 
 
 Labels, copper, 22; zinc; 
 celluloid, stake, garden- 
 club, Mann, Simplex, 23. 
 
 Lady Alice Stanley, 50, 89. 
 
 Lady Ashtown, 50, 79, 89. 
 
 Lady Ashtown, CI., 50. 
 
 Lady Duncan, 114. 
 
 Lady Gay, 114- 
 
 Lady Godiva, 106. 
 
 Lady Greenall, 1 1 1 . 
 
 Lady Helen Stewart, III. 
 
 Lady Hillingdon, 50, 83. 
 
 Lady Mary Ward, 50. 
 
 Lady Moyra Beauclerc, 
 
 Lady Penzance, 115. 
 
 Lady Pirrie, 50, 89. 
 
 Lady Plymouth, 114. 
 
 Lady Roberts, 114. 
 
 Lady Ursula, 79, 89, iii. 
 
 La Fiamme, 80. 
 
 La France, 52, 79, 106. 
 
 La France, Climbing, 115. 
 
 La France, Red (Duchess 
 of Albany), 106. 
 
 La France, Striped, 106. 
 
 La France, White (Augus- 
 tine Guinoisseau), 106. 
 
 Lamarque, 115. 
 
 La Reine, iii. 
 
 La Reine des Neiges, 106. 
 
 La Roseire, io6. 
 
 La Tosca, 52, 89. 
 
 Laurent Carle, 52, 79, 89. 
 
 Laevigata, 109. 
 
 Laevigatae, 109. 
 
 Lena, 114. 
 
 Leonie Lambert, 1 1 1 . 
 
 Leonie Lamesch, 113. 
 
 Leopoldine d'Orleans, 108. 
 
 Le Poilu, 52. 
 
 Leslie Holland, iii. 
 
 Letty Coles, 114. 
 
 Liberty, 1 1 1 . 
 
 Lieutenant Chaure, 89, iii. 
 
 Longwood, 114. 
 
 Los Angeles, 52, 82. 
 
 Louise C. Breslau, 52, 89. 
 
 Louise Lilia, 1 11. 
 
 Louis Van Houtte, 79. 
 
 Louise Walter, 52. 
 
 Lucida, 109. 
 
 LucuIIus, no. 
 
 Lutea, 109. 
 
 Luteae, 109. 
 
 Lyon Rose, in. 
 
 Macartney, 109. 
 
 McFarland, J. Horace, 
 
 92, 93, 105. 
 Macrantha, 109. 
 Macrophylla, 109. 
 Mme. Abel Chatenay, in. 
 Mme. Alfred Carriere, 52. 
 Mme. Angel Vayssett, 106. 
 Mme. Antoine Mari, 114. 
 Mme. Bernier d'Arnex, 
 
 Mme. Camille, 52. 
 
 Mme. Caroline Kuster, 
 
 114. 
 Mme. C. P. Strassheim, 114. 
 Mme. Caroline Testout, 
 
 52, 82. 
 Mme. Caroline Testout, 
 
 Climbing, 53, 89. 
 Mme. Chas. Frederick 
 
 Worth,! 14. 
 Mme. Charles Lutaud, 53. 
 Mme. Charles Wood, iii. 
 Mme. Colette Martinet, 
 
 Mme. 
 106, 
 
 Mme. 
 Mme. 
 Mme. 
 Mme. 
 Mme. 
 (Da 
 Mme. 
 Mme. 
 
 Derepas - Matrat, 
 114. 
 
 de Vatrey, 1 1 4. 
 de Watteville, 114. 
 Driout, 115. 
 Ed. Rostand, 53, 89. 
 Edouard Herriot 
 ily Mail Rose), 53. 
 Elie Lambert, 114. 
 Eugenie BouIIet, 
 
 Mme. Eugene Marlitt, 53. 
 Mme. Felix Faure, in. 
 Mme. F. Kruger, 114. 
 Mme. Gabriel Luizet, 79. 
 Mme. Georges Bniant, 
 
 109. 
 Mme. Hector Leuillot, 82. 
 Mme. Hoste, 114. 
 Mme. Jean Dupuy, 114. 
 Mme. Jenny Gillemot, 
 
 89, in. 
 Mme. Jos. Schwartz, 114. 
 Mme. Jules Bouche, 79, 80, 
 
 89, in. 
 Mme. Jules Gouchault, 
 
 114. 
 Mme. Jules Gravereaux, 
 
 115. 
 Mme. Jules Grolez, 53. 
 Mme. J. W. Budde, in. 
 Mme. Lambard, 114. 
 Mme. Leon Pain, 53, 89. 
 Mme. Margottin, 114. 
 Mme. Masson, in. 
 Mme. Maurice de Luze, 
 
 Mme. Melanie Soupert, 53, 
 82, 89. 
 
 Mme. Norbert Levavas- 
 seur (Red Baby Ram- 
 bler), 113. 
 
 Mme. Olga, 114. 
 
 Mme. Philippe Rivoire, 113. 
 
 Mme. P. Euler, 113. 
 
 Mme. Plantier, 53. 
 
 Mme. Ravary, 53, 89. 
 
 Mme. Rene Gerard, 114. 
 
 Mme. Segond Weber, 53, 82. 
 
 Mme. Vermorel, 114. 
 
 Mme. Wagram, 115. 
 
 Mme, Welche, 114. 
 
 Mme. Zelia Bourgeois, 80. 
 
 Mile. Augustine Guinois- 
 seau, 113. 
 
 Mile. Cecile Brunner, 53. 
 
 Mile. Cecile Brunner, Climb- 
 ing, 115. 
 
 Mile. Helena Cambier, 1 13. 
 
 Mile. J. Phillips, 114. 
 
 Mile. Louise Crette, in. 
 
 Mile. Marie Mascuraud, 
 113- 
 
 Mabel Drew, 113. 
 
 Madison, 114. 
 
 MaddalenaScalarandis, 1 10. 
 
 Magna Charta, 56. 
 
 Magnafrano, 113. 
 
 Magnifica, 114. 
 
 Magnolia Rose, 106. 
 
 Maiden's Blush, 108. 
 
 Majestic, 89. 
 
 Mama Looymans, 113. 
 
 Maman Cochet, Pink, 36. 
 
 Maman Cochet, Pink, 
 Climbing, 56. 
 
 Maman Cochet, White, 56. 
 
 Maman Cochet, White, 
 Climbing, 115. 
 
 Maman Cochet, Yellow, 
 106. 
 
 Maman Levavasseur 
 (Baby Dorothy), 106, 
 
 Manda's Triumph, 114. 
 Manetti, 108. 
 Manetti, for grafting, 36. 
 Manure, liquid. When to 
 
 apply, 16. 
 Mapof U. S. A., 18. 
 Marcella, 113. 
 Marchioness of Lome, in. 
 Marechal Niel, 56. 
 Margaret Dickson, in. 
 Margaret Dickson Hamill, 
 
 Marie Finger, 79. 
 Marie Guillot, 114. 
 Marie Lambert, 114. 
 Marie Leonidas, 108. 
 Marie Pavie, 56. 
 Marie Van Houtte, $6. 
 Marion Dingee, 114. 
 Mark Twain, 113. 
 Marquise de Querhoent, 
 
 113. 
 Marquise de Sinety, $6. 
 Marshall P. Wilder, in. 
 Mary, Countess of Ilches- 
 
 ter, 56. 
 Mary Lovett, 56. 
 Mawley, Edward, 29. 
 Max Graf, 88, 114. 
 Max Hesdorffer, 113. 
 May Miller, 113. 
 May Queen, 57. 
 
120 
 
 HOW TO GROW ROSES 
 
 Medea, 1 14. 
 
 Meteor, 113. 
 
 Meteor, Climbing, 115. 
 
 Mice, How to guard 
 
 against, 27. 
 Microphylla, 109. 
 Microphyllae, 109. 
 Mignon, 106, 113. 
 Mignonette, 1 14. 
 Milady, 113. 
 Mildew, How to remedy, 
 
 30. 
 Mills, Rev. E. M., 80-97. 
 Miniature, 114. 
 Minnehaha, 115. 
 Minutifolia, 109. 
 Miss Alice de Rothschild, 
 
 57. 
 Miss Cynthia Forde, 79, 
 
 "3. 
 Miss Kate Moulton, 79. 
 Miss Messman, 115. 
 Moisture, How to con- 
 serve, 25. 
 Moles, flow to guard 
 
 against, 27. 
 Molly Sharman-Crawford, 
 
 114. 
 Moschata, 108. 
 Moschata alba, 108. 
 Mosella, 114. 
 Mosella, Climbing, 115. 
 Moss, 108. 
 Mousseline, 113. 
 Moyesii, 75. 
 Multiflora simplex, 108. 
 Multifoliae, 109. 
 Mrs. Aaron Ward, 37, 89. 
 Mrs. A. E. Coxhead, 113. 
 Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo, 
 
 US- 
 Mrs. Amy Hammond, 113. 
 Mrs. Andrew Carnegie, 113. 
 Mrs. Archie Gray, 113. 
 Mrs. A. R. Waddell, 57, 89. 
 Mrs. B. R. Cant, 57. 
 Mrs. Bertram J. Walker, 
 
 113. 
 Mrs. Campbell Hall, 114. 
 Mrs. Chas. E. Pearson, 113. 
 Mrs. Chas. Hunter, 113. 
 Mrs. Charles Russell, 113. 
 Mrs. Conway Jones, 113. 
 Mrs. Cornwallis West, 1 13. 
 Mrs. David Jardine, 113. 
 Mrs. David McKee, 113. 
 Mrs. Edward Powell, 113. 
 Mrs. Forde, 113. 
 Mrs. Foley-Hobbs, 114. 
 Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt, 89, 
 
 113. 
 Mrs. George Gordon, 113. 
 Mrs. George Norwood, 113. 
 Mrs. George Shawyer, 89, 
 
 Mrs. Harold Brocklebank, 
 
 113- 
 Mrs. Harvey Thomas, 113. 
 Mrs. H. Hawksworth, 114. 
 Mrs. Herbert Stevens, 114. 
 
 Mrs. Hubert Taylor, 114. 
 
 Mrs. Hugh Dickson, 113. 
 
 Mrs. John Laing, 57. 
 
 Mrs. J. H. Welch, 113. 
 
 Mrs. MacKellar, 82, 113. 
 
 Mrs. Maynard Sinton, 1 13. 
 
 Mrs. M. H. Walsh, 115. 
 
 Mrs. Moorefield Storey, 
 113- 
 
 Mrs. Myles Kennedy, 114. 
 
 Mrs. O. G. Orpen, no. 
 
 Mrs. Paul, 86. 
 
 Mrs. R. D. McCIure, 113. 
 
 Mrs. Richard Draper, 113. 
 
 Mrs. R. G. Sharman - 
 Crawford, in. 
 
 Mrs. Robert Garrett, 113. 
 
 Mrs. Robert Peary, 57. 
 
 Mrs. Sam Ross, 113. 
 
 Mrs. S. T. Wright, 114. 
 
 Mrs. Taft, 114. 
 
 Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt, 113. 
 
 Mrs. T. Hillas, 113. 
 
 Mrs. W. Christie Miller, 
 57, 89. 
 
 Mrs. W. H. Cutbush, 80, 
 106, 114. 
 
 Mrs. Wemyss Quin, 113. 
 
 Mrs. W. J. Grant, 106. 
 
 Mulch, dust 6; grass, 
 leaves, sawdust, peat- 
 moss, 7, 25. 
 
 Mulching, 2$. 
 
 Multiflora roses for graft- 
 ing, 36. 
 
 Municipal rose-gardens, 95. 
 
 Muriel Dickson, no. 
 
 Muriel Grahame, 114. 
 
 Muscosa, 108. 
 
 My Maryland, 57. 
 
 My Maryland, CI., 115. 
 
 Natalie Bottner, 113. 
 Neervelt, 113. 
 Nerissa, 113. 
 New Century, 59. 
 Nicotine, 6. 
 Nita Weldon, 114. 
 Noisettes, 108. 
 Nova Zembia, 114. 
 
 Oakmont, in. 
 Old-Gold, 113. 
 Olivia, 113. 
 
 OpheHa, 59, 77, 82, 89. 
 Orleans, 59. 
 Orpet, Mr., 26. 
 Oskar Cordel, 83. 
 Own-root roses, 36. 
 
 Page-Roberts, Rev. F., 14. 
 
 Panama, 113. 
 
 Pansies, 25. 
 
 Papa Gontier, 114. 
 
 Paradise, 80. 
 
 Parker, G. A., 91, 95. 
 
 Paula Clegg, 81. 
 
 Paul Neyron, 59. 
 
 Paul's Carmine Pillar, 115. 
 
 Paul's Scarlet Climber, 59. 
 
 Pearl Queen, 115. 
 
 Peat moss, 25. 
 
 Peerless, 113. 
 
 Pemberton, Rev. J. H., 105. 
 
 Perle d'Or, 1 14. 
 
 Perle des Jardins, 59. 
 
 Perle des Jardins, CI., 115. 
 
 Perle des Jaunes, 114 
 
 Pernet's Triumph, 113. 
 
 Persian Yellow, 59, 109. 
 
 Pharisaer, 59. 
 
 Philadelphia Rambler, 59. 
 
 Pilgrim., 76. 
 
 Pillar of Gold, 115. 
 
 PimpineHifoHae, 109. 
 
 Pink Daily, 1 10. 
 
 Pink Memorial, Dbl. (Uni- 
 versal Favorite), 115. 
 
 Pissardii, 108. 
 
 Plant-food, 7. 
 
 Plant roses. When to, 17. 
 
 Plant roses. Depth to, 20. 
 
 Planting roses, 20 
 
 Plotting, 24. 
 
 Pomifera, 109. 
 
 Portulaca, 25. 
 
 Powdery mildew, 30. 
 
 Premier, 76. 
 
 President Vignet, 113. 
 
 Prima Donna (Mme. P. 
 Euler), 106, 113. 
 
 Primula, 80. 
 
 Prince Camille de Rohan, 
 59, 79. 106. 
 
 Prince Engelbert Charles 
 d 'Arenberg, 113. 
 
 Prince de Bulgarxe, 113. 
 
 Prince of Wales, 88. 
 
 Princess Adelaide, 113. 
 
 Princess Bonnie, 113. 
 
 Princess de Sagan, 114. 
 
 Princess Hohenzollern, 114. 
 
 Prof. C. S. Sargent, 115. 
 
 Protection for winter, 26-20. 
 
 Protecting tree roses, 29. 
 
 Provence, 108. 
 
 Prune, When to, 6, 7. 
 
 Pruning, information, 31—35. 
 
 Pruning-shears, 35. 
 
 Psyche, 115. 
 
 Pyle, Robert, 100. 
 
 Queen Beatrice, 113. 
 Queen Mary, 113. 
 Queen Olga of Greece, 114. 
 Queens Scarlet, 59. 
 Queen, The, 106, 114. 
 
 Radiance, 60, 79. 80, 82, 89. 
 Rainbow, 114. 
 Rambler, Crimson, 115, 
 Ramblers, 115. 
 Rayon d'Or, 60. 
 Red Columbia, 76. 
 Red-Letter Day, 113. 
 Red Radiance, 60,79,83. 
 Red Rose Church at Man- 
 
 heim, 100. 
 Regina Badet, 114. 
 Reine Carola de Saxe, 113. 
 
INDEX 
 
 121 
 
 Reine Marguerite d'ltalie, 
 
 113- 
 Reine Marie Hennette, 115. 
 Rembrandt, in. 
 Rene Robbins, 113. 
 Renee Wilmart Urban, 1 13. 
 Repens alba, 114- 
 Reve d'Or, 115. 
 Rhea Reid, 113. 
 Richmond, 113. 
 Robert Craig, 115. 
 Robert Huey, 82. 
 Roger Lambelin, 60. 
 Roosevelt, Ex - President 
 
 Theodore, 10. 
 Rose-beads, loi. 
 Rose-beetle, Spray for, 6. 
 Rose-bug, 30. 
 Rose-chafer, 30. 
 Rose-garden, The ama - 
 
 teur's, 3. 
 Rose-gardens, Famous, 27, 
 
 97, 98-100. 
 Rose-gardens, Municipal, 
 
 95-97. 
 Rose hedges, 74. 
 Rose nicotine for aphis, 6, 
 
 30. 
 Rose perfume, 102, 
 Rose progress, 93, 97. 
 Rose-slug, Spray for, 6, 30. 
 Rose test-gardens, 93. 
 Roses, Appropriate uses 
 
 for, 41, 42. 
 Roses, Attar of, loi. 
 Roses, Cemetery, 75. 
 Roses, Dependable varie- 
 ties of, 43-62. 
 Roses, Establishing ideals, 
 
 Roses, Forcing, 76. 
 
 Roses, How to arrange, 5. 
 
 Roses, Various uses of, 
 64-77. 
 
 Roses, Where to plant, 9. 
 
 Rose d'Evian, 114. 
 
 Roseraie de I'Hay, 1 14. 
 
 Roseraie de I'Hay Rose- 
 garden, 98-100. 
 
 Roseraie Parfum de I'Hay, 
 114- 
 
 Rubiginosa, 109. 
 
 Rubrifoha, 108. 
 
 Ruby Queen, 60. 
 
 Rugosa, 109. 
 
 Rugosa alba, 60, 109. 
 
 Rugosa rubra, 60, 109. 
 
 Rust, 30. 
 
 Safrano, 60. 
 St. Helena, 81. 
 Salet, 113. 
 Santa Rosa, no. 
 Sawdust Mulch, 25. 
 Scale, 30. 
 
 Scissors, Pruning, 35. 
 Seabird, 1 13. 
 
 Selecting the right roses, 
 ^ 37-41. 
 Semper florens, 108. 
 
 Sempervirens, 108. 
 
 Sericea, 109. 
 
 Sericeae, 109. 
 
 Setigera, 108. 
 
 Shears, Pruning, 35. 
 
 Shower of Gold, 60. 
 
 Silver Moon, 60. 
 
 SimpIicifoHae, 109. 
 
 Sinica, 109. 
 
 Sir Thomas Lipton, 61. 
 
 Smothering roses, About,27. 
 
 Soap, Whale-oil, 30. 
 
 Sodenia, 115. 
 
 Soils, 14. 
 
 Soleil d'Or, 61. 
 
 Solfatare, 115. 
 
 Sombreuil, 114. 
 
 South Orange Perfection, 
 115- 
 
 Souv. de Catherine GuiJ- 
 lot, 1 14. 
 
 Souv. de E. Guillard, 113. 
 
 Souv. de Gustave Prat, 61, 
 89. 
 
 Souv. de la Malmaison, 61. 
 
 Souv. de Pierre Leper- 
 drieux, 1 14. 
 
 Souv. de P. Notting, 61. 
 
 Souv. du President Carnot, 
 61. 
 
 Souv. de S. A. Prince, 106. 
 
 Souv. of Wootton, 113. 
 
 Souv. of Wootton, Climb- 
 ing, 115. 
 
 Species, 75. 
 
 Spectacular, 1 13. 
 
 Spinosissima, 109. 
 
 Spinosissimae, 109. 
 
 Spray, When to, 6, 7. 
 
 Standard roses, 13, 73. 
 
 Staking, 22. 
 
 Stiegel, Baron H. W., 100. 
 
 Stylosa, 108. 
 
 Stylosae, 108. 
 
 Suckers, 36. 
 
 Sulphur arsenate dust mix- 
 ture, 7, 30. 
 
 Sulphurea, 109, 114. 
 
 Sunburst, 61. 
 
 Sunrise, 114. 
 
 Sunset, 114. 
 
 Susanne-Marie Rodocan- 
 achi, 83. 
 
 Synonymous roses, 106. 
 
 Synstylae, 108. 
 
 Sweetbriar, 61. 
 
 Sweetheart, 106, 115. 
 
 Taft Rose, 113. 
 Tausendschon, 61, 83. 
 Tea-scented, 108. 
 Temperature in different 
 
 latitudes, 18. 
 Temple of Love, 99. 
 Test-gardens, 93. 
 Thalia, 115. 
 Thomas, Capt. George C, 
 
 Jr., 25. 
 Thousand Beauties, 106. 
 Tip-Top, 61. 
 
 Tomentosa, 109. 
 Tom Wood, 79, III. 
 Totote Gelos, 79. 
 Tree roots. Danger from, 9. 
 Tree roses, 13, 73. 
 Trier, 1 15. 
 
 Triomphe Orleanais, 80, 
 114. 
 
 Ulrich Brunner, 62. 
 Universal Favorite, 115. 
 
 Van Fleet, Dr. W., 83. 
 Varieties, Number of, 37. 
 Veluwezoom, 113. 
 Vick's Caprice, in. 
 Victor Verdier, in. 
 Villosa, 109. 
 Violas, 25. 
 
 Virginia R. Coxe, 106, 113 
 Viridiflora, 62. 
 Viscountess Enfield, 113. 
 Viscountess Folkestone, 89. 
 
 Walter Speed, 113. 
 Waltham's Scarlet, 113. 
 Ward, Admiral Aaron, 81. 
 War of the Roses, 63. 
 Wartburg, 115. 
 W. C. Egan, 115. 
 Weeds, How to keep down, 
 
 25. 
 W. E. Lippiatt, 113. 
 Wellesley, 113. 
 West Grove, 113. 
 White American Beauty, 
 
 (Frau Karl Druschkij, 
 
 106. 
 White Killarney, 62. 
 White Killarney, Climb- 
 ing, 115. 
 White Maman Cochet, 56, 
 
 80. 
 White Maman Cochet, 
 
 CKmbing, 1 15. 
 White Soupert, 80, 114. 
 Wichmoss, 115. 
 Wichuraiana, 62, 108. 
 Wichuraiana variegata, 
 
 115. 
 Wm. Allen Richardson, 62. 
 Wm. Cooper, 113. 
 Wm. R. Smith, 62, 83. 
 Wilham Shean, 62. 
 Willowmere, 62, 79, 89. 
 Winnie Davis, 113. ' 
 
 Winter Gem, 1 14. 
 Winter-protection, 27-29. 
 Winter-protection, When to 
 
 remove, 27. 
 Wirth, Theodore, 29, 79. 
 
 Xanthina, 109. 
 
 Yellow Soupert, 114. 
 York and Lancaster, 62, 
 
 108. 
 Yvonne Rabier, 114. 
 
 J. Horace McFarland Co., Printers, Harrisburs., Pa. 
 
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