Glass J S 5 4- ■■ 
 Book._ihLi.2 
 
 Co 
 
 n 
 
HANDBOOK 
 
 OF 
 
 NOETH CAKOLINA, 
 
 EMBRACING 
 
 HISTORICAL km PIIYSIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 SKETCHES OF THE STATE. 
 
 WITH 
 
 Statistical and other Information 
 
 RELATING TO ITS 
 
 INDUSTRIES, RESOURCES 
 
 AND 
 
 POLITICAL CONDITION 
 
 
 By L L. polk, .Commissioner 
 
 EALEIGH : 
 
 EAI,.mGa ifEWG STEAM BOOK Al^'D JOB PftINT, 
 
 18 7 9, 
 
 Ufy^ 
 
Dnke Univorsity 
 MAY 7 - 1934 
 
 
 a 
 

 ■if 7., G <2. 7 ^ 
 
 OFFICE OF DEPAHTMEKTT OF AGEICULTtlEE, 
 
 Ealeigh, N". C, March 7, 1879. 
 
 To His Excellency, Hon. T. J. Jarvis, 
 
 Governor of North Carolina : 
 
 Sir — In compliance with the requirements of section 15, of 
 the Act creating this Department, I have the honor to submit 
 herewith a Hand Book of North Carolina. Sharing largely the 
 gratification so universally enjoyed throughout the State at tint 
 earnest interest manifested by your Excellency in this Depart- 
 ment, and begging to assure you of my high appreciation of 
 your kind offices so cheerfully rendered, I have the honor to be. 
 
 sir, /7^ 
 
 With very great respect, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 L. L. POLK, 
 Commissioner. 
 
PHEFATORT 
 
 Tlie Act creating the Department of Agriculture, ratified in 
 General Assembly, March the 12th, 1877, required the prepara- 
 tion of a Hand Book of the State at the earliest practicable time- 
 Imperfect as this volume may be in matter, style, or method of 
 arrangement, the Compiler presents it to the people of North 
 Carolina, relying with confidence on their generous appreciation, 
 which has so constantly encouraged and sustained him in the 
 undertaking. The facts and information set forth in these 
 pages have been for the most part obtained through the volun- 
 tary aid of public spirited citizens lu the various counties, and 
 have been compiled within the past three months. iS'o work of 
 a similar character has ever before been published in our State, 
 and defective as it may be, should this volume stimulate enquiry 
 and investigation, and awaken an interest that should lead to a 
 higher appreciation of our character aud^digni ty as a people, and 
 of those bounteous blessings with which a kind Providence has 
 so graciously favored us as a State, one of the chief objects of 
 the work will have been accomplished. 
 
 The Tables of Farm Statistics are not complete, as fifteen 
 counties failed to make any returns, to wit: Bt^aufort, Bladen, 
 Carteret, Duplin, Edgecombe, Gaston, idalifax, Jackson, John- 
 ston, Macon, Mecklenburg, Pitt, Surry, Warren and Yadkin. 
 
 In the counties reported twenty-four townships are omitted, 
 as follows : Cabarrus, three; Cumberland, two ; Franklin, one; 
 Haywood, four; Hyde, one; Lincoln, one; Mitchell, one; New 
 Hanovei, one; Transylvania, two; Wake, five; Wayne, one; 
 Wilkes, two. Strenuous and persistent efforts failed to secure 
 full returns for these tables, and while these and other import- 
 ant omissions which will be readily perceptible to the intelligent 
 reader, are deeply regretted by the C'ompiitr, yetjie feels that 
 they are in no manner to be ascribed to a want of proper effort 
 on his part. He hopes, however, that any future edition will be 
 
VI PREFATORY. 
 
 greatly improved by the generous aid of an appreciative people, 
 and would therefore earnestly beg that all citizens of the State, 
 Avho may peruse these pages, will do him the great kindness to 
 write him freely in relation to any defects discovered. He has 
 derived much valuable aid from consiUting the following works: 
 Hawks* History, Ruffins' Sketches of North Carolina, Lawson's, 
 Willianison-s, Martin's and Wheeler's Histories. He is especially 
 indebted to that devoted son of North Carolina — the venerable 
 and patriotic Historian— Hon. John H. Wheeler, of Washington 
 City, to whom he expresses his grateful acknowledgements for 
 courteous and valuable favors. 
 
 To the members of the Board of Agriculture; to the Special 
 Correspondents of the Department, and all its officers, and to 
 the host of friends throughout the State who have evinced sucli 
 interest in its work, he begs to render a hearty assurance of his 
 warm appreciation of their many acts of disinterested kindness. 
 
 L. L. POLK, 
 Comm is.^ioner of J grim /hi n\ 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 ** CHx\PTKR r. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Departmeut of Agricult ui-e and Act estal)Iis}iing It 1 
 
 Org'anizatioii of Board of Agriculture Ki 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Historical Sketch of North Carolina from 1584 to 1879 13 
 
 Sig'iiers of Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence Ki 
 
 Memhers of Convention of 1776 17 
 
 Members of Convention of 1835 22 
 
 Members of Convention of 1861 'i'd 
 
 Members of Convention of 1863-'66 27 
 
 Members of United States Congress git 
 
 Delegates to Convention of 1868 ,sn 
 
 Members of Convention of 1875 38 
 
 CHAPTER 111. 
 
 Executive and (?tate Officers from 1663 to ]73y 35 
 
 Governors under the Crown and under tlie Constitution SB 
 
 Cxovernors elected by the people. Lieutenant Governors and Secretaries 
 
 of State .37 
 
 Treasurer.s, Compti'ollers. Auditors and Sui>erintendents of Public In- 
 struction 38 
 
 Members of Continental and United States Congress 3fi 
 
 Judiciary 41 
 
 State Board of Education and Executive Officers 42 
 
 Members of General Assemldy, 1879 45 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Description of Counties 47 
 
 Partial list of Native North Carolinians who have become prominent cit- 
 
 zens of other States 108 
 
 Distinguished Divines ll."> 
 
 Eminent Physicians 119 
 
 PART II. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Physiographical Description of the State 120 
 
 Situation and Extent 120 
 
 I'bysicalQ-eogj-aphy............ 121 
 
^ni CON-TEIS-TS. 
 
 Geology and Minei-als 125 
 
 Climate ^^u 
 
 Temperature Tables jgj 
 
 Rain and Clouds -.go 
 
 Mean Humidity for 187« 533 
 
 Winds 224 
 
 Comparative Tables of Mean Temperatures f( 135 
 
 Comparative Climate ^ 13g 
 
 Forests !!"!!!!""!"" 158 
 
 ^'^iJ« 141 
 
 PART III. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Form of Government 143 
 
 Taxation— iSTew Debts 144 
 
 Municipal Corporations — Education 145 
 
 Homesteads, Liens, Punishments, Charities, and modes of Amending the 
 
 Constitution 146 
 
 The Relations of the Races 147 
 
 Cliraa,te and other Physical Conditions 143 
 
 Native Products 153 
 
 Our Future 157 
 
 Fi^hins- Tnterosts of North Ca.volinn IfiO 
 
 r!-opa2-Mti<Mi of Fi >od Fishes 16? 
 
 Railroads 
 
 166 
 
 Kli^vation^- 
 
 171 
 
 Pa,rtia.l Li st of North Carolina Inventors 173 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 CHAPTER -I. 
 
 < ate Public Institutions— Insane Asylum of North Carolina 177 
 
 Western Insane Asylum 180 
 
 Colored Insane Asylum 181 
 
 Deaf and Dumb and the Rlind Asylum 182 
 
 Orphan Asylum 182 
 
 Literary Institutions— The University of North Carolina 183 
 
 Wake Forest College 187 
 
 Davidson College l'"^* 
 
 Carolina Military Institute 192 
 
 Trinity College 1 93 
 
 The Bingham Scnool 19'4 
 
 Wilson Collegiate Institute 195 
 
 Denver Seminary 19'' 
 
 Rutherford College 197 
 
 Finley High School 198 
 
 Greensboro Female College 199 
 
 Raleigh Baptist Female Seminary 200 
 
 Peace Institute • 201 
 
C0N"TENT3. IX 
 
 St. Mary's School ■. 202 
 
 Tho Wilson Collegiate Seminary 20i 
 
 Cliowan Baptist Female Institute 206 
 
 Public Scliools in North Carolina 208 
 
 Stats Press 209 
 
 Tabulated Statement of Farm Products 211 
 
 Cotton and Woolen Mills 226 
 
 General Statistics 227 
 
 Agricultural Organizations 331 
 
 Jfotes of Corresix>ndents showing the Productive Cai)acity of Soils 232 
 
 Cities, Towns and Villages 257 
 
 Silk Culture 267 
 
 Bee Keeping 271 
 
 Fruits Adapted to our Climate and ^oils 281 
 
P^RT I. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Department of Agriculture— Sketcli of its Organization. "; 
 
 The Convention of 1875, amended the State Constitution by 
 the adoption of the following : 
 
 Sec. 17, Art. 3. The General Assembly shall establish a Department 
 of Agriculture, Immigration and Statistics, under such regulations as 
 may best promote tlie agricultural interests of the State, and shall en- 
 act laws for the adequate protection and encouragement of Sheep 
 Husbandry. 
 
 In compliance with this requirement, the following Act, 
 creating the Department was passed, and ratified in General 
 Assembly, Marcli the 12th, A. D. 1877. 
 
 AN" ACT TO ESTABLISH A DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTURE, IMMI- 
 GRATION AND STATISTICS, AND FOR THE ENCOURAGEMEN"T OP 
 SHEEP HUSBANDRY. 
 
 Tlie General Assemhly of North Carolina do enact, 
 
 Section 1. A Department of Agriculture, Immigration and 
 Statistics, as provided in section 17, article 3, of the Constitu- 
 tion, is hereby created and established, which shall be under the 
 control and supervision of a Board, which shall be constituted 
 as follows, to-wit : the Governor, who shall be ex officio Chair- 
 man, the State Geologist, the Master of the State Grange Patrons 
 of Husbandry, the President of the State Agricultural Society, 
 and the President of the Agricultural College of the State, and 
 two agriculturists (who shall be appointed by the Board so as to 
 keep the representation of the different sections of the State as 
 nearly equal as may be), and their successors in office. 
 
 Sec 2. The Board shall meet for the transaction of business 
 in the city of Raleigh as often as they may deem expedient, but 
 at least twice in each year. They shall receive no compensatioBj 
 
DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTUEE. 
 
 but shall be allowed, cxce|;t,t]iG Goveraor, the State Ccologist, 
 and President of the Agr'.cuVLural College, the sum of three 
 dollars per diem for IhoJr personal expenses while engaged in 
 the duties of the Board, not exceeding fifteen days in any one 
 year. 
 
 Sec. 3. The Board shall appoint and prescribe the duties, and 
 regulate the pay of the Commissioner of Agriculture, who shall 
 be an agriculturist. And they sliall also, whenever they deem 
 it necessary, have power to employ a Secretary and prescribe his 
 duties. 
 
 Sec. 4. The Board shall be empowered to hold in trust, and 
 exercise control over, donations or bequests made to them for 
 promoting the interests or purposes of this act. 
 
 Sec. 5. They may prescribe forms for, and regulate the re- 
 turns of, such County Agricultural Societies as may be chartered 
 by the State, and furnish such blanks as may be necessary to 
 secure uniform and reliable statistics of their operations. 
 
 Sec. 6. In order to facilitate the collection of reliable statis- 
 tics, it is made the duty of the Secretary of State to prepare and 
 send to the County Commissioners of the several counties, who 
 shall distribute to each person in the county whose duty it is to 
 list the taxable property thereof, blanks prepared according to 
 the directions of the Department of Agriculture ; and the per- 
 sons listing the taxes as aforesaid shall require each citizen, at 
 the time of listing his taxable property, to give in likewise the 
 amount of his productions for the previous year, as far as prac- 
 ticable without oath, Avhicli blanks, when completed, shall be 
 returned to the Board of County Commissioners, who shall 
 collate the same on one blank form and transmit the same to 
 the Commissioner of Agriculture on or before the first day of 
 jSTovember in each year. 
 
 Sec. 7. The Board shall investigate such subjects relating to 
 the improvement of agriculture, and for the inducement of im- 
 migration and capital, as they may think proper, but they are 
 especially charged : 
 
 1st. With such investigations as may seem best adapted to 
 promote the improvement and extension of sheep husbandry. 
 
DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
 
 :and shall collect and publish, from time to time, all available 
 statistics on the subject, and shall suggest to the General As- 
 sembly such measures as may be useful for the encouragement 
 ■of this industry, and more particularly for the suppression of 
 the ravages of dogs. 
 
 2d. With investigations relating to the diseases of cattle and 
 -other domestic animals, and shall publish and distribute, from 
 time to time, circulars of information relative to any contagious 
 diseases of stock, and shall have power in such cases to quaran- 
 tine infected animals, and to regulate the transportation of 
 stock in this State, or from one section of it to another, and any 
 person wilfully violating such regulations shall be guilty of a 
 misdemeanor. 
 
 3d. With investigations relating to the ravages of insects and 
 with the dissemination of such information as may be deemed 
 *«ssential for their abatement. 
 
 4th. With investigations and exiDeriments directed to the in- 
 trodutcion and fostering of new agricultural industries, adapted 
 to the various climates and soils of this State ; especially the 
 •culture of silk, the sugar beet, the grape and other fruits. 
 
 5th. With the investigation of the subject of drainage and 
 irrigation, and shall publish circulars of information as to the 
 best methods and formulae of both, and what surfaces, soils and 
 localities may be most benefitted by such improvements, also, 
 with the collection and publication of information in regard to 
 localities, character, accessibility, cost and modes of utilization 
 of native mineral and other domestic sources, of fertilizers, in- 
 •cluding formulae for composting, adapted to different crops, 
 :Soils and materials. 
 
 6th. With the collection of statistics relating to the subject of 
 iences, with suggestions for diminishing their cost and the con- 
 ■ditions under which they may be dispensed with altogether. 
 
 7th. With the supervision of all measures for the protection, 
 •propagation and culture of fish in the livers and other inland 
 waters of this State, and to this end they shall at once provide 
 for stocking all available waters of the State with the most 
 capproved breeds of fishes, and shall avail themselves of such aid 
 
DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. 
 
 as the Fisli Commission of the United States may be induced 
 to. extend, and they shall inquire into and report upon the 
 practicability of constructing fish ways over dams and other 
 obstructions in the waters of the State, and secure, as far as 
 practicable, the co-operation of mill-owners ; they shall select 
 proper locations for the hatching and care of the young fish, 
 and shall provide the necessary hatching houses and such 
 appliances as may be needed, and employ such labor as may be 
 necessary to this end, and they may appoint agents at such 
 convenient points to aid them in the distribution and hatching 
 and protection of the ova and young fish, provided such agents 
 shall receive no compensation. 
 
 8th. They shall transmit to the General Assembly at each 
 session, a report of the operations of the said department, 
 together with suggestions of such legislation as may be needful, 
 and it shall be the duty of the Board to prosecute all offenders 
 against the laws which have been, or may be, passed in this 
 behalf, and they shall endeavor to secure the co-operation of 
 adjoining States to remove obstructions in the passage of fish 
 in those rivers cr streams which are partly in this State and 
 partly in such adjoining States. 
 
 9th. With the enforcement and supervision of the laws and 
 regulations which are, or may be, enacted in this State for the 
 sale of commercial fertilizers and seeds. 
 
 Sec. 8. That no manipulated guano, superphosphate, or other 
 commercial fertilizer shall be sold, or offered for sale in this 
 State, until the manufacturer, or person importing the same,, 
 shall first obtain a license therefor from the Treasurer of the 
 State, for which he shall pay a privilege tax of five hundred 
 dollars per annum for each separate brand or quality, and he 
 shall also pay a tax of fifty cents per ton for every ton sold. 
 Any person, corporation, or company, who shall violate the 
 provisions of this act, or who shall sell, or offer for sale, any 
 such fertilizer contrary to the provisions above set forth, shall 
 be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined 
 and imprisoned at the discretion of the court. 
 
 Sec. 9. And every bog, barrel, or other packjige of such fer- 
 
DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. 
 
 tilizer as above designated, offered for sale in this State, shall 
 have thereon a plainly printed label' or stamp, which shall truly 
 set forth the name, location and trade-mark of the manufacturer, 
 also the chemical composition of the contents of such package, 
 and the real per centage of any of the following ingredients 
 asserted to be present, to wit: soluble and precipitated phospho- 
 ric acid, soluble potassa, ammonia, or its equivalent in nitrogen, 
 together with the date of its analyzation, and that the privilege 
 tax provided for in section eight has been paid; and any such 
 fertilizer as shall be ascertained by analysis not to contain the 
 ingredients and per centage set forth as above provided, shall 
 be liable to seizure and condemnation, and when condemned 
 shall be sold by the Board of Agriculture for the exclusive use 
 and benefit of the Department of Agriculture. Any merchant, 
 trader, manufacturer or agent, who shall sell, or offer for sale, 
 any commercial fertilizer without having such labels and stamps 
 as hereinbefore provided, attached thereto, shall be liable to a 
 fine of ten dollars for each separate bag or barrel or package 
 sold or offered for sale, to be saed for before any Justice of the 
 Peace, and to be collected by the Sheriff by distress or otherwise, 
 one-half, less the cost, to go to the party suing, and the re- 
 maining half to the Department, and if any such fertilizer shall 
 be condemned, as herein provided, it shall be the duty of the 
 Department to have an analysis made of the same, and cause 
 printed tags or labels, expressing the true chemical ingredients 
 of the same, put upon each bag or barrel or package, and shall 
 fix the commercial value thereof, at which it may be sold. And 
 any person who shall sell, or offer for sale, any such fertilizer, 
 in violation of the provisions of this section, shall be guilty of a 
 misdemeanor. 
 
 Sec. 10. The Department of Agriculture shall have power and 
 authority, at all times, to have collected samples of any com- 
 mercial fertilizers offered for sale in this State, and have the 
 same analyzed; and such samples shall be taken from at least 
 ten per cent, of the lot from which they may be selected. 
 
 Sec. 11. It shall be lawful for the Department of Agriculture 
 to require the officers, agents, or managers of any railroad or 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUEE. 
 
 steamboat company, transporting fertilizers in tins State, to> 
 furnish monthly statements -of the quantity of fertilizers, with 
 the name of the consignor or consignee, delivered on their re- 
 spective lines, at any and all points within this State. And said 
 Department is hereby empowered to compel said officers, agents 
 or managers, to submit their books for examination, if found 
 expedient so to do; and any such agents, officers or managers 
 failing or refusing to comply, shall be deemed guilty of a mis- 
 demeanor. 
 
 Sec. 12. The Department of Agriculture shall establisJ], in 
 eonnection with the Chemical Laboratory of the University at 
 Chapel H.ll, an Agricultural, Experiment and Fertilizer Control 
 Station; and the Board of Trustees of the University, with the 
 approval of the Department of Agriculture, shall employ an. 
 Analyst skilled in Agricultural Chemistry. 
 
 It shall be the duty of said chemist to analyze such fertilizers 
 and pioducts as may be required by the Department of Agricul- 
 ture, and to aid so far as practicable in suppressing fraud in the- 
 sale of commercial fertilizers. 
 
 He shall also, under the direction of said Department, carry 
 on experiments on the nutrition and growth of plants, with a. 
 yiew to ascertain what fertilizers are best suited to the various 
 crops of this State; and whether other crops may not be advan- 
 tageously grown on its soils, and shall carry on such other 
 investigations as the said Department may direct. 
 
 He shall make regular reports to the said Department of all 
 analyses and experiments made, which shall be furnighed, when 
 deemed useful, to such newspapers as will publish the same. 
 
 Said chemist shall be subject to the rules and regulations ol 
 the University Laboratory, and the other rules and regulations 
 of the University, and his salary shall be paid out ot the funds 
 of the Department of Agriculture. 
 
 Sec. 13. The Geological Survey is hereby made and constitu- 
 ■<ed a co-operative department with the Department of Agricul- 
 ture, and the Geological Museum and the collections therein,, 
 shall, at all times, be accessible to the said Department. The 
 Geologist shall, as far as practicable, prepare illustrations of the 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTURE. 
 
 agricultural industries, products and resources of the State, and 
 arrange and care for such collections as the said Department 
 may make for this purpose. He shall also prepare abstracts of 
 the Survey, from time to time, as may be required for the use- 
 of the Department, in their hand book, and circulars for publi- 
 cation, m illustration of the advantages of this State, and in 
 promotion of the general purposes of immigration. In return for 
 such service the State Geologist may have all his samples of 
 marlf, soils, minerals, and other products, analyzed by the 
 chemist, at, the Laboratory of the Experiment Station free of 
 charge. 
 
 Sbc. 14. It is hereby made the duty of the State Geologist, 
 upon the recommendation of the Board of Trustees of the Uni- 
 versity, to devote two months, in each year, at the seat of the 
 University, in the performance of such duties in instruction as 
 the Faculty may direct, and while employed in this capacity he 
 shall constitute a member of the Faculty. 
 
 Sec. 15. The Dej-M'tment shall as soon as practicable, pre- 
 pare a convenient ha^i.l-book, with the necessary illustrative 
 maps, which shall contain all necessary information as to the 
 mines, minerals, forests, soils, climates, water and v/ater powers, 
 ■fisheries, mountains, swamps, industries, and all such statistics 
 as are best adapted to give proper information of the attractions 
 and advantages which this State affords to immigrants, and 
 shall make illustrative exposition thereof whenever practicable 
 at international exhibitions. 
 
 Sec. 16. The said Department shall be authorized, in the 
 interest of immigration, to employ an agent or agents at such 
 points, in tliis or any foreign country, as they may deem expe- 
 dient and desirable. 
 
 Sec. 17. The said Department is authorized and directed to 
 establish and keep in its office, in the city of Raleigh, a General 
 Land and Mining Registry, wherein shall be recorded (if the 
 owners shall so request) all the farming, mineral or other lands 
 offered for sale in this State, with a brief and truthful descrip- 
 tion of the same. And the Department shall act as agent for 
 the sale or disposition of such property as may be registered as 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGEIOULTURE. 
 
 hereinbefore provided, and shall sell or dispose of such property 
 upon the terms and conditions as stated and fixed by the owner 
 thereof; and the Department shall be allowed the sum of dollar 
 for registration, and two and one-half per cent, commission on 
 gross amount of said transaction. 
 
 The said Department shall have authority to contract for and 
 hold bodies of land, for the settlement of colonies, with exclu- 
 sive control of the sale of same at such prices, and for such a 
 period, as may be agreed upon by the owner thereof. 
 
 Sec. 18. That no person, company or corporation, being non- 
 residents of this State, shall catch fish by seines nets or other 
 appliances for taking fish in large quantities, in any waters 
 within the jurisdiction of this State, without first obtaining 
 therefor a license from the Public Treasurer, for which he, or 
 they, shall pay a privilege tax of one thousand dollars per annum. 
 And any such person or persons who shall violate the provisions 
 of this section, shall forfeit and pay the sum of two hundred 
 dollars for each day engaged in fishing as aforesaid, to be collected 
 by the Sheriff of the county wherein such violation may be com- 
 mitted, and shall also be guilty of a misdemeanor. And any 
 citizen of this State who shall form an alliance or co-partnership 
 with a non-resident for the purpose of evading any of the pro- 
 visions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, 
 and upon conviction shall be fined and imprisoned at the discre- 
 tion of the court, and the nets, seines or appliances of such 
 person or firm shall be liable to seizure and confiscation for the 
 the benefit of the Department of Agriculture. 
 
 Sec. 19. That every person, firm or corporation, who shall 
 sell or offer for sale any commercial fertilizer of whatever na- 
 ture, shall give in, under oath, to the Register of Deeds of his 
 county, on the first Monday of January, April, July and Octo- 
 ber in each year the number of tons of such fertilizer, he or 
 they may have sold, for himself on commission, or as agent, 
 during the preceding quarter, subject to the provisions, pains 
 and penalties contained in schedule B of the Revenue Laws of 
 the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven, for 
 which he shall pay a privilege tax of fifty cents per ton, to be 
 
DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTUIiE. 
 
 collected by tlie slieriff; Provided, That no person shall be lia- 
 ble to sucli tax on fertilizers purchased from another person, on 
 which this tax has already been paid; and, Provided, further, 
 That no dealer or agent shall be required to pay the purchase 
 tax as imposed in Schedule B of the Reyenue Act. 
 
 Sec. 20. Any farmer, trader or other person who shall haul 
 or bring into this State any commercial fertilizer, in violation 
 or evasion of section of section 8 of this act, shall be deemed 
 guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be fined 
 not less than ten dollars or imprisoned for not more than thirty 
 days for each offense; and any farmer or other person who may 
 buy without the State any commercial fertilizer on which the 
 privilege tax of five hundred dollars, as provided in section 8 of 
 this act, has been paid, shall be required to report all such pur- 
 chases to the Eegister of Deeds for his county, and pay the priv- 
 ilege tax of fifty cents per ton, as required of dealers, or be sub- 
 ject to the same pains and penalties as herein imposed upon 
 dealers in fertilizers; Provided, That no county, town or other 
 corporation shall be allowed to tax any of the privileges or sub- 
 jects herein taxed by the State; Provided, That the provisions 
 of this section and section 17 of this act shall not apply to any 
 of the counties in this State west of the Blue Eidge. 
 
 Sec. 21. It is hereby made the duty of the said Department 
 of Agriculture to receive from any manufacturer or dealer in 
 fertilizers any specimen quantities, not less than a fourth of a 
 ton, contributed by such party, and have the same sent to dif- 
 ferent sections of the State for actual experiment by practical 
 farmers; and the person so experimenting shall be required to 
 make a careful report of the results, which shall be registered 
 in the office of said Department, and a certified copy of the same 
 shall be transmitted to the contributor. 
 
 Sec. 22. That all moneys arising from the tax or licenses, 
 from fines and forfeitures, fees for registration and sale of lands 
 not herein otherwise provided for, shall be paid into the State 
 Treasury, and shall be kept on a separate account by the Treas- 
 urer, as a fund for the exclusive use and benefit of the Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture; and until such fund can be made availa- 
 
10 DEPAETMEXT OF AGEICULTUEE. 
 
 ble, as aforesaid, tlie Treasurer shall loan to said Department, 
 out of any moneys not otherwise appropriated, upon the warrant 
 of the Governor, the sum of five thousand dollars p'er annum, 
 for two years from this date, which sum shall be refunded to 
 the Treasury by the first day of March, one thousand eight hun- 
 dred and seventy-nine. 
 
 Sec. 33. This Act shall be in force from and after its ratifi- 
 cation; but the tax, forfeitures and penalties herein prescribed, 
 concerning the sale of commercial fertilizers, shall not be en- 
 forced agahist any parties in the sale of any such fertilizers now 
 on hand in this State; Provided, said parties shall render to the 
 Governor, on or before the first day of April, one thousand eight 
 hundred and seventy-seven, under oath, taken before any j)erson 
 authorized to administer the same, an itemized statement of all 
 such fertilizers, giving brand, name, manufacturer, and number^ 
 of tons of same and obtain a license for the sale thereof as here- 
 in provided; Provided^ that this Act shall not apply to pur- 
 chases already made. 
 
 AX ACT SUPPLEMENTAL T J AK ACT TO ESTABLISH A^DEPAKTMENr 
 OE AGRICULTURE, IMMIGRATION" Als'D STATISTICS. 
 
 The General Assemlly if North Caro'uia do enact, 
 
 Sec. 1. That an Act entitled an Act to establish a Depart 
 ment of Agriculture, Immigration and Statistics, and forrthe 
 encouragement of Sheep Husbandry, be and the same is hereby 
 corrected and amended, by striking out in section^S, of said 
 Act, the words, " and he shall also pay a tax of fifty cents per 
 ton for every ton sold." 
 
 Sec. 2. That this Act shall be i i force from and after its rat- 
 ification. 
 
 ORGANIZATION" OF THE BOARD. 
 
 At a meeting held in the Executive office, March the'21st, 
 1877, at which were present His Excellency Governor Z, B. 
 Vance : tie State Geologist, Prof. W. C. Kerr ; the Master of 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 11 
 
 the State Grange Patrons of Husbandry, S. B. Alexander ; the 
 President of the State Agricultural Society, Thomas M. Holt ; 
 and the President of the State Agricultural College, Hon. K. P. 
 Battle, LL.D., the organization of the Board was completed by 
 the election of James R. Thigpen, of Edgecombe; and Jonathan 
 Evans, of Cumberland. 
 
 The following officers were elected by the Board : 
 
 L. L. Polk, of Anson, Commissioner. 
 
 Thos. J. Robinson, of Cumberland, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 Dr. A. R. Ledoux, of New York, Analytical Chemist. 
 
 George Warnecke, of Germany, Assistant Cliemist. 
 
 William B. Phillips, of Orange, Assistant Chemist. 
 
 The Commissioner and Chemist are each allowed a clerk. 
 
 Besides the correspondence and exchange effected with offi- 
 cials of similar DciDartments in other States, this Department 
 has a list of one hundred and seyenty-one Special Correspond- 
 ents, and about eighteen hundred Township Correspondents ; 
 representing every county and almost every township in the 
 State, Through their assistance the Commissioner is enabled to 
 collect specinjens of the products of their respective counties ; 
 to distribute seeds, to collect and disseminate such i]iformation 
 as relates to their varied industries, resources and conditions. 
 
 Attached to the office of the Department, is an Agricultural 
 Museum, in which each county has a neat case for the display 
 of its agricultural and manufactured products — all arranged in. 
 alphabetical order. 
 
 In the office is a Library of over five hundred volumes of 
 Agricultural works, besides charts of our coast and various maps. 
 To this may be added the valuable contribution of papers, jour- 
 nals and periodicals, received regularly from all parts of the 
 Union. * 
 
 Although the Department is yet in its infancy, and the system 
 as established by the Act, is more comprehensive in its general 
 design than that of similar Departments in other States ; and 
 
 * For a detailed statement of the operations of the Department in aU its 
 "branches, see Report of the Commissioner made to the Board, dated Janu 6th» 
 1879. 
 
12 HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF NOETH CAROLINA. 
 
 while it has had to contend with those difficulties which seem 
 unavoidable in the inauguration of any enterprise of magnitude, 
 yet its work has been received with interest and almost universal 
 favor among the people of the State. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Historical Sketch of North Carolina from 15S4, to 1879, embracing a list of Execu- 
 tive and State Officers from 1633 to 1879, and also of the Delegates in each 
 Convention from 17T6 to 1575, and a list of Representatives in Congress from 
 1774 to 1879. 
 
 The period embracing the reign of Queen Elizabeth, was one 
 of the brightest and most exciting in English history, and, in 
 all the brilliant retinue who enjoyed at that time the favor of 
 the Crown, there is no name so justly held in grateful esteem 
 and remembrance by North Carolinians, as that of Sir Walter 
 Raleigh. The Convention of 1788, held nearly 200 years after 
 his death, very fitly and gracefully expressed its admiration for 
 his high moral and intellectual qualities, in perpetuating his 
 name, by conferring it on the Capitol of the State, an act alike 
 honorable to the Convention and due to his memory. His ac- 
 tive, aggressive spirit was very naturally moved by the excited 
 and general interest that agitated the principal maritime powers 
 of Europe, and especially the Court of England, in regard to 
 the New World, and obtaining Letters Patent from the Crown he 
 fitted out an expedition, consisting of two vessels, that sailed on 
 the 27th of April, A. D. 1584, and landed on what is now known 
 as Ocracoke Island, in the county of Carteret, on the 4tli day of 
 July of that year. Unable to find an entrance from the sea, 
 the two barks sailed northward, and steering along the coast, 
 they passed through what is now known as New Inlet, land- 
 ed on Roanoke Island, and took formal possession of the coun- 
 try in the name of the Queen. Thus the pioneer movement 
 was inaugurated, guided by the sagacious and indomitable 
 Raleigh, which was to result in developing one of the mightiest 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 13 
 
 countries on earth. The voyagers returned to England in Sep- 
 tember of the same year. They pictured in glowing colors the 
 beauties and attractions, as discovered during their sojourn on 
 Roanoke Island. Their enthusiasm strengthened the spirit of 
 conquest and greed for enlarged dominion among the crowned 
 heads of Europe. Avarice, and the love of adventure among the 
 subjects, led captive their imaginations and portrayed the new 
 continent as invested in all the ideal charms of a fairy-land. 
 
 During the year following (April, 1585), another expedition 
 under the auspices of Sir Walter Raleigh was sent to Roanoke,, 
 consisting of over one hundred persons. These returned to 
 England after a year's absence. Still another was sent out by 
 him in 1586, in charge of John White, who was commissioned 
 as " Governor of the City of Raleigh" which was to be established 
 on the island. White returned to England, leaving about one 
 hundred men women and children, among whom was his 
 daughter, Eleanor Dare, wife of one of the assistants, and who 
 on the 18th of August, became the mother of the first child 
 (Virginia Dare) born of English parents in the New World. 
 
 England at "this time was vigorously engaged in a war with 
 Spain — a country that was then in the zenith of its power. The 
 statesmanship of Raleigh was no less needed in the councils of his 
 Queen, than his valor was in the field during the time of his coun- 
 try's great peril. Hence, it was not until the year 1590 that he 
 could again turn his attention to his colony, and possessions in 
 America. Vessels, laden with abundant provisions for the colon- 
 ists, reached Roanoke Island, but a long and fruitless search 
 revealed no trace of them. Five expeditions were fitted out at 
 the expense of this man, to discover if possible, the fate of his 
 unfortunate friends, but without avail. Despairing of establish- 
 ing his colonies, he abandoned his possessions after devoting 
 many years of anxious labor and expending about $200,000. His 
 ignominious death by a judicial murder, sanctioned by a govern- 
 ment to which he had patriotically devoted the best energies of 
 his great mind and life, must, for all time, stand out conspicuously 
 on the darkest page of her high crimes. 
 Eor about a half century, no systematic effort w^as made to 
 
14 HISTOKICAL SKETCH OP NORTH OAEOLINA. 
 
 establish colonies on the soil of Carolina; meanwhile they wert 
 being planted on the coast of Virginia and further North. 
 During that period, scattering numbers sought refuge from re- 
 ligious persecution in the wilds of the forests throughout our 
 coast section, braving perils and enduring hardships and priva- 
 tions from which hearts less devoted to God must have shrunk 
 in terror. Others, impelled by cupidity and avarice, sought th« 
 advantages of an unoccupied field for the purposes of traffic with 
 the Indians. Not until 1653 (69 years after the landing of 
 Raleigh's two vessels on Roanoke Island) was there a permanent 
 settlement made in North Carolina. In 1663, by a Grant from 
 King Charles II., all of the country lying between the Pacific 
 and" Atlantic oceans, and included within the 31*^ and 36*^ par- 
 allels of latitude, was given to certain men therein named, with 
 power to establish a form of government. This country wa« 
 called Carolina. In the same year William Drummond (wliosa 
 name still designates the lake in Dismal Swamp) was appointed 
 Governor of the colony of Carolina. 
 
 The affairs and relations of the colonists began now to assume 
 shape. The territory was divided into counties, governors were 
 appointed, and assemblies establislied to frame laws for local 
 government. The most noticeable feature that characterized 
 the action of all bodies of these early settlers, whether in a rep- 
 resentative, or primary capacity, was their great caution and vig- 
 ilance to preserve inviolate, the leading principles of good gov- 
 ernment, — freedom of conscience and seGurity from taxation 'with- 
 out the consent of the governed. 
 
 Under the second charter of Charles II., (1665,) enlarging 
 the powers of the Grantees, the limits of Carolina included a 
 large part of Mexico, all of Texas, all of our territory south of 
 'iQ° 30' and west of Arkansas, and all of the cotton-growing 
 States of the Union, viz : North and South Carolina, Georgia, 
 Tennessee, Arkansas, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana — con- 
 taining in all about 1,000,000 square miles. In 1690, that por- 
 tion of the province lying north of the Santee river, was styled 
 North Carolina, and the four southern counties were called 
 South Carolina. From this period began that long series of 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 15 
 
 oppressions and grievances whicli finally culminated in the 
 OYertlirow of British rule and established the Independence of 
 the colonies. Every conceivable scheme for makinj^ the meagre 
 earnings of the colonists tributary to the exchequer of the British 
 realm, was devised by direct, indirect and discriminating taxes. 
 Venal, capricious, arrogant and tyranical rulers, with pliant 
 subordinates, were appointed, who, by their ambitious assump- 
 tion of royal prerogatives, outraged every principle of justice, 
 until goaded to resistance, the colonists, whose remon:-trances 
 and forbearance were alike unheeded, with a sublimity of moral 
 resolve unsurpassed in the annals of the world, defied a giant 
 power — struck for freedom, and won it. 
 
 The most prominent legislative acts of North C^arolina in 
 the great drama of the Eevolution may be briefly mentioned. 
 In 1773, the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Ilarvey, 
 laid before that body appeals from several other colonies for its 
 concurrence in the appointment of a committee to inquire into 
 the wrongs imposed by England on the colonists. This was the 
 first legislative act that led to the Revolution. 
 
 On the 25th day of August, 1774, the Assembly or Congress 
 met in JSTev/berne, in defiance of the proclamations and denun- 
 ciations of royal authority.- This body was composed of 41 
 members, representing 29 counties and 5 towns, and John Hai-- 
 vey was chosen Speaker. Among other important measures 
 adopted, was one endorsing the plan for a general Congress in 
 Philadelphia in September, and the appointment of delegates 
 with instructions to resist all unconstitutional oppression. In 
 February, 1775, John Harvey issued a call for the Assembly to 
 meet at Newberne on the 4th day of the following April, and 
 also issued a notice to the people to send delegates from all of 
 the counties and towns to hold a convention at the same time 
 and place. Governor Martin denounced this act by a proclama- 
 tion, notwithstanding which, the two bodies met. They pledg- 
 ed their determined support to the action of the Continental 
 Congress, held in Philadelphia Sept. 4th, 1774. The Assembly 
 was dissolved by the proclamation of the Governor. It met 
 again, however, at the same place. On the 20th of May, 1775, 
 
16 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 the people of Mecklenburg met in the town of Charlotte and 
 adopted the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, a copy 
 of which was at once sent to the Continental Congress at Phila- 
 delphia, and also to the Provincial Congress at Hillsboro. The 
 following is a list of the officers and members of the Mecklen- 
 burg conyention : 
 
 SIGNERS OF THE MECKLENBURG DECLARATION OF INDEPEN- 
 DENCE AT CHARLOTTE, 20tH OF MAY, 1775, 
 
 Abraham Alexander, Chairman, 
 
 J. McKnitt Alexander, Secretary, 
 
 Adam Alexander, Hezekiah Alexander, 
 
 Ephraim Brevard, Zaccheus Wilson, 
 
 Hezekiah J. Balch, Waightstill Avery, 
 
 John Phifer, Benjamin Patton, 
 
 James Harris, Matthew McClure, 
 
 William Kennon, Neil Morrison, 
 
 John Ford, Robert Irvin, 
 
 Richard Barry, John Flennegin, 
 
 Henry Downe, Dav <■ Reese, 
 
 Ezi a Alexander, JohnDavidsoc, 
 
 Willirm Graham, Richard Harris, 
 
 John Queary, Thomas Polk, Sr, 
 Charles Alexander, 
 
 Gov. Martin having abandoned the reins of Government, m 
 the Spring of 1775, and taking refuge under the guns of His 
 Majesty's ships on the Cape Fear, the people began to prepare 
 vigorously for war. The Provincial Congress met at Hillsboro 
 on the 20th of August 1775, and adopted measures for offen- 
 sive and defensive war. These measures were sustained and 
 strengthened by the vigilance and fidelity of committees of 
 safety, and a Provincial Council chosen by this body, [and 
 county and town committees. These latter executed all orders 
 emanating from the Safety Committee, or from the Provincial 
 Council, 
 
 On the 4th of April 1776, the Provincial Congress met at 
 Halifax, this being the fourth meeting held in opposition to the 
 
HISTOKICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 17 
 
 Royal Government^ and at once addressed itself to loerfecting 
 the military organization of the States, On the 12th of that 
 month, it passed a resolution ex]3ressing the readiness of our 
 people to declare independence of the British crown. It ap- 
 pointed a council of safety for the State, consisting of 13 mem- 
 bers, of which Cornelius Harnett was chairman, who at a subse- 
 quent meeting of his council at Halifax received the National 
 Declaration of Independence. This he read at aioopular meet- 
 ing in that town on the 1st of August, and it was received with 
 unbounded enthusiasm and rejoicing. On the 12th of Novem- 
 ber, a convention met at Halifax, to perfect a civil form of 
 goveruraeut, composed of the following delegates. 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE COXVENTIOlSr OF 1776. 
 COUNTIES. MEMBERS. 
 
 ( Thomas Wade, David Love, William 
 
 1. Anson -j Pickett, George Davidson, Charles 
 
 / Robertson. 
 
 ( John Barlow, Thomas Respis?, Thos.. 
 
 2. Beaufort - Respiss, Jr., Francis Jones, Robert 
 
 ( Tripp. 
 
 3. Bladen 
 
 ] 
 
 i Thomas Pugh, John Johnston, Wil- 
 
 4. Bertie . . - liam Gray, Noah Hinton, Zedekiahi 
 
 ( Stone. 
 
 ( Maurice Moore, Cornelius Harnett„ 
 
 5. Brunswick - Arehibald McL^^an, Lewis Dupree^ 
 
 ( Wi'liam Lord. 
 
 ( J'nics Dent-on. Thomas EatoB,, 
 
 6. Bu^e* -Philemon Hawkins. Banjamin Sew- 
 
 ( all, Benjamin Ward. 
 
 ( James Coor, William Bryan, John 
 
 7. Craven - Bryan, Chri'stopher Neiile,John Tilgh- 
 
 ( man. 
 
 i Po'omon Rliepav'\ Brice Williams^ 
 
 8. Carteret - Wii;iam Lo den, Join Eatton, Tho^ 
 
 Cb a I wick. 
 
 *fDivided in 1779 into AVarren and Pranklln. 
 
 2 
 
18 HISTOEICx\L SKETCH OF NOKTH CAROLINA. 
 
 i Samuel Jfirvis, James White, Ke- 
 
 9. Currituck ' dar M-rchai t. Hollowell Williams, 
 
 ('i'loniHs Williams. 
 
 i James Blount, Thomas Benhurj'j 
 
 10. Chowan -^Thomas Jones, Luke Sumner, Jacob 
 
 ( Hunter. 
 
 1 1. Cumberland 
 
 12. Chatham. 
 
 13. Dobbsf. 
 
 14.^Duplin 
 
 15. Edgecombe 
 
 16. Granville. . . 
 
 17. Guilford 
 
 i. Hyde. 
 
 19. Hertford. 
 
 20. Halifax 
 
 31, Johnston. 
 
 22. Mecklenburg. 
 
 23. Martin 
 
 I 
 
 Ambrose Ramsey, John Birdsong, 
 Mial i-curlock. I.-aiah Hogan, Jedu- 
 than Harper. 
 
 Richard Ctswell, Simon Bright, 
 Abraham SI eppard, Benjainin Exudd, 
 Andiew Bats. 
 
 James Kenan, Thomas Gray, Wil- 
 liaui Dickson, William Taylor, James 
 Gillespie. 
 
 William Haywood, Elisha Battle, 
 Jonas Johnston, Isaac Sessums, Wil- 
 liam Horn. 
 
 Thon.as Perfon, Robert Lewis. Me- 
 mucan Hunt, Tliornton Yancey, John 
 Oliver. 
 
 David Caldwtll, Jopeph Hinds, 
 Ralph Go.rel], Charles Bruce, Isham 
 Biowder. 
 
 Joseph Hancock, John Jordan, Ben- 
 jamin Parni<-rle, William Russell, 
 i\braham Jones. 
 
 Lawrence Baker, William Murfree. 
 Robert Sumner, Day Ridley, James 
 Wriyht. 
 
 John Bradford, James Hogan, Wil- 
 lis Alston, Samuel Weldon, Benja- 
 min McCulloch . 
 
 Needham Bryan, Jr.. Samuel Smith, 
 Jr . John Stephens, Henry Pain, Al- 
 exander Averyt. 
 
 Jno. Phifer, Robert Irwin, Zaccheus 
 Wilson, Hezekiah Alexander, Waight- 
 still Avery. 
 
 William Williams, Whitmell Hill, 
 Thomas Hunter, John Hardison, 
 Samuel Smithwick. 
 
 ■fDivided in 1791 into Glasgow and Lenoir. Glasgow was changed in 1799> to 
 (Grreene; 
 
HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 19 
 
 iJohn Ashe, Samuel Ashe, John 
 Devane, Sampson Mosely, John H©1- 
 lingsworth. 
 
 i Allen Jones, Jephtha Atherton, 
 
 25. Northampton -j James Ingram, Howell Edmunds, 
 
 ( Robert Peaples. 
 
 iJohn Spicer. Thomas Johnston, 
 Benejah Doty, Edward otarkey, Hen- 
 ry Rhodes. 
 
 i James Saunders, William Moore, 
 
 :37. Orange < John McCabe, John Atkinson, John 
 
 ( Paine. 
 
 {Benjamin Harvey, Miles Harvey, 
 Thomas Harvey, William Hooper, 
 William Skinner. 
 
 {Henry Abbott, Devotion Davis, 
 Isaac Gregory, Dempsey Burgess, 
 Lemuel Sawyer. 
 
 ( Benjamin May, William Robson, 
 
 30. Pitt ^ James Gorham, George Evans, Kd- 
 
 ( ward Salter. 
 
 SGriflS.th Rutherford, Matthew Lock, 
 William Sharpe, James Smith, John 
 Brevard. 
 
 1 
 
 i P( 
 
 < Isha 
 (bIoi 
 
 !Jos( 
 Willia 
 Jolm 
 
 I 
 
 32. Surry 
 
 Pe-^er Wynn, Jeremiah Frazier, 
 
 33. Tyrrell ^ Isham Webb, Stephen Lee, Benjamin 
 
 "' )unt. 
 
 Joseoh Harden, Robert Abernathy, 
 
 34. Tryont \ William Graham, VYiiliam Alston, 
 
 Barber. 
 
 Tignal Jones, James Jones, Michael 
 
 35. Wake ^ Rogt-rs, Jonn Rice, Britain Fuller; 
 
 vVilliam Brown, 
 
 T )WNS. 
 
 , Bath; Parker Quir c^, Brun ?wick; Thomas Hadley, Campbellton; 
 
 •Joseph Hewes, EdeutcD; Willie Jones, Halifax; William Johnston, 
 Hillsboro; Abner Nash, Newbern; David Nisbet, Salisbury; William 
 Hooper, Wilmington. 
 
 tDivided in 1791 Into Lincoln and Rutherford. 
 
20 HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF NOETH OAROLmA. 
 
 Richard Caswell, of DoLbs county (now Lenoir), was chosea 
 President of the Convention. The Constitution and Bill of 
 Eights were adopted on the 18th of December. All the machin- 
 ery for operating a civil government was perfected. The election 
 of Governor^by the constitution devolved upon the Legislature, 
 and by an ordinance of the bod}^, the following named State 
 officers were elected for the first term: Richard Caswell, G-ov- 
 ernor; James Glasgow, Secretary of State; Cornelius Harnett, 
 Thomas Parson, William Day, William Haywood, Edward 
 Starkey, Joseph Leech, and Thomas Eaton, Councilloi's of State. 
 
 Thus the sovereignty of the people in a distinctive, organized 
 capacity was declared, based upon the great principles of truth, 
 equity and justice. The struggles, trials, sufferings and sacrifices 
 of this people, during the dark years which preceded this event, 
 forms a chapter in their history which for constancy, endurance, 
 devotion and deeds of moral heroism, is not surpassed in the 
 annals of America. 
 
 On North Carolina soil was planted the first English colony- 
 on her soil was born the first child of English parents, and on 
 her soil was poured the first blood as a libation to Liberty. Her 
 Provincial Congress was the first to declare to the Continental 
 Congress the readiness of her people to absolve their allegiance 
 to the British Crown, and in Mecklenburg county, the first 
 Declaration of Independence was made. The first to consecrate 
 their State to civil liberty, always among] the foremost in their 
 sacrifices to achieve Independence, may the noble^ example cf 
 our patriot fathers inspire their descendants for. all time with a 
 jealous regard for constitutional rights and for the preservation 
 of a free system of government. 
 
 The necessities evolved by our progress as a State demanded 
 some changes in our organic law to adapt it to our advanced 
 •condition, and acccordingly, by an Act of Assembly in Jnnuary,. 
 1835, a convention of the people av as called. This convention 
 met in the city of Ealeigh, on the 4tli of June, 1S35, "and was 
 composed of the following delegates: 
 
HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF KORTH CAEOLINA. 21 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE COJSTVENTIOIsr OF 1835. 
 
 Anson — William A. Morris, Joseph White, 
 Ashe — Alexander B, Mcr»Iillan, George Bower. 
 Beaufort— foshna Tayloe, Richard H. Bonner. 
 -Bertie —David Outlavv, Joseph B. G. Roulha,c. 
 Bladen — John Owen, Samuel B. Andres. 
 Brunswick -Frederick J. Hill, William R. Hall. 
 Buncombe — David L. Swain, James Gudger. 
 Burke — Burgess S. Gaither, Samuel P. Carson. 
 Cabarrus — Daniel M. Barringer, Christopher Melchor. 
 Camden — Vv illie McPlierson, George Ferebee. 
 Carteret — Wallace H. Styron, James W. Bryan. 
 Caswell — William A. Lea, Calvin Graves. 
 Cha ham — Joseph Ramsey, Hugh VIcQueen, 
 Chowan — Joseph B. Skinner, Samuel T. Sawyer. 
 Columbus — Alexander Troy, Absalom Powell. 
 Cfaven — William Gaston, Richard D. Spaight. 
 Cumberland — John D. Toomer, Archib)ld McDairmid. 
 Currituck — Gideon 0. Marchant, Isaac Baxter. 
 Davidson — John A. Hogan, John L. Hargrave. 
 Duplin — Jeremiah Pearsall, John E. Hussey. 
 Edgecombe — Loiiis D. Wilson, Pheasant^m S. Sugg. 
 Franklin — Henry J. G. Ruffin, William P. Williams. 
 Gates — Riddick Gatling, Whitmel S allingp. 
 Granville- Robert B. Gilliam, Josiah Crudup. 
 Greene — Jesse Speight, Thomas Hooker. 
 Guilford — John M. Moreheal, Jorathan Parker. 
 Halifax — John Branch, Joseph J. Danie). 
 Haywood — William Welch, Joseph Oathey. 
 Hertford — Isaac Pipkin, Kenneth Rayner. 
 Hyde— Wilson B. Hodges, Alexander F. Gaston. 
 Iredell — Samuel King, John M. Young, 
 Johnston — Jesse Adams, Hillory Wilder. 
 .Jones — William HugginF, James W. Howard. 
 Lenoir — -James Cox. 
 
 Lincoln— Bartlett Sliipp, Henry Cansler. 
 Macon — Benjamin S. Brittam, James W. Guinn. 
 Martin — Jesse Cooper, Asa Biggs. 
 "Mecklenburg — James M. Hutchison, Isaac Grier. 
 Montgomery — John B. Martin, James L. Gaines. 
 Jdoore — John B. Kelly, Charles Chalmers. 
 
22 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Nash — John Ai-rin^ton, William W. Boddie. 
 New Hanover — Lewis H. Marsteller, Owen Holmes. 
 Northampton — Roderick B. Gary, Samuel Calvert. 
 Onslow — David W. Saunders, John A. Averitt, 
 Orange — James S. Smith, William Montgomeiy. 
 Pasquotank — Richard H Ramsey, John L. Bailey. 
 Perquimans — Jonathan H. Jacocks, Jesse Wilson. 
 Person — Moses Chambers, John W. Williams. 
 Pitt — Robert Williams, Sr., John .Joyner. 
 Randolph — Alexander Gray, Benjamin Elliott. 
 Richmond — Alfred Dockery, Henrj' W. Harrington. 
 Robeson — John W, Powell, Richard C. Bunting. 
 Rockingham — Edward T. Brodnax, John L. Lesueur. 
 Rowan — Charles Fisher, John Giles. 
 
 Rutherford — John McD. Carson, Theodorick F. Birchett. 
 Sampson — William B. Meares. Thomas I. Faison. 
 Stokes — Matthew R. Moore, Emanuel Shober. 
 Surry — Meshack Franklin, William P. Dobson. 
 Tyrrell — Hezekiah G. SpruiJl, Joseph Hslsey, 
 Wake — Henry Seawell, Kimbrough Jones. 
 Warren — Nathaniel Macon, Weldon N. Edwards, 
 Washington — Joseph C. Norcnm, Josiah Collins, .Jr. 
 Wayne — Gabriel Sherard, Lemuel H. Whitfield. 
 Wilkes — Edmund Jones, James Wellborn. 
 Yancey — Abner Jervis, Bacchus J. Smith. 
 
 Nathaniel Macon was unanimously chosen President, and E, 
 B. Freeman, Clerk. 
 
 Among the important changes effected were the abrogation of 
 the Borough. System in representation, annulling the right of 
 suffrage in persons of color, the transfer of the election of Gov- 
 ernor from the Legislature to the people and extending his term 
 of office to two years, and appointing biennial, instead of annual 
 sessions of the G-eneral Assembly, and relieving the disabilities of 
 Catholics. 
 
 The amendments were adopted in the convention by a vote of 
 yeas 81, noes 20, and subsequently ratified by the people through 
 an affirmative vote of 26,771, against a negative vote of 21,606. 
 In 1857 by an Act of Assemblv the Constitution was amended by 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NOKTH CAROLINA. 23 
 
 removing the freehold qualificatioa of electors that had pre- 
 Tiously existed. 
 
 From 1835 to 18G1, the prosperity of the State was steady and 
 increasing. 
 
 The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 to the Presidency of 
 the United States, by a sectional party, avowedly opposed to 
 slavery, was deemed sufficient cause for the secession of the slave 
 holding States. 
 
 On the 30th day of January, 1861, the Legislature passed aa 
 Act submitting to the people the question whether they would 
 meet in convention to consider their federal relations, and the 
 proposition was voted down. Each of the States of the Southern 
 section having met in convention and passed ordinances of 
 Secession, and President Lincoln having issued a proclamation 
 calling upon all of the States for their quota of 75,000 troops 
 for the coercion of seceding States, Governor Ellis issued a 
 proclamation convening the Legislature in extra session. May 
 1st, 1861. This body promptly passed a bill calling a convention 
 to meet in Raleigh on the 20th day of that month. The con- 
 vention met on that day, and was composed of the following 
 delegates: 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE CONVENTION OF 1861. 
 
 Alamance — Thomas Ruffin, Giles Mebane. 
 
 Alexander — A. C. Stewart. 
 
 Anson — Albei't Myei's, Jam.es A. Leak, 
 
 Ashe — Joel E. Foster. 
 
 Beaufort— W. J. Ellison, E. J. Wa-rrea. 
 
 Bertie — S. B. Spruill, James Bond. 
 
 Bladen— Thos. D. McDowell, 
 
 Brunswick — Thos. D. Meares. 
 
 Buncombe — N. W, Woodtin. 
 
 Burke — Jno. C. McDowell. 
 
 Cabarrus — Caleb Pliifer. 
 
 Caldwell — Edmund W. Jones. 
 
 Camden — Dennis D. Fere bee. 
 
 Carteret — Charles R. Thomas. 
 
 Uaswell — Bedford Brown, Jno, A. Graven. 
 
24 J HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Catawba— P. 0. Henkel. 
 
 Chatham — J. H. Ileaden, J. Manning, Jr., L.-J. Merritt. 
 Cherokee — Allen T. Davidson. 
 Chowan — Richard Dillard. 
 Cleaveiand— W. J. T, Miller, J. W. Tracy. 
 Columbus — Richard Wooten. 
 Craven — George Green, John D. Whitford. 
 Cumberland— David McNeill, Warren Winslow. 
 Currituck — Henry M. Shaw. 
 Davidson— B. C. Douthitt, B. A. Kittrell. 
 Davie — Robert Sprouse. 
 
 Duplin — Wm. J. Houston, Joseph T. Rhodes. 
 Edgecombe — Wm. S. Battle, George Howard, Jr. 
 Forsythe — Rufus L. Patterson, Thos. J. Wilson. 
 JFranklin — Archibald D. Williams. 
 Oaston — Sidney X. Johnston. 
 €Jates — Alfred J. Walton. 
 
 ^Crranville— T. L. Hargrove, A. W. Venable, S. S. Royster. 
 Ci-reene — Wm. A. Darden, Jr. 
 
 Guilford — Ralph Gorrell, Juo. A. Gilmer, Robert P. Dick. 
 Halifax — Chas. J. Gee*, Richard H. Smith. 
 Harnett— Archibald S. McNeill. 
 Haywood — William Hicks. 
 Henderson — W. M. Shipp. 
 Hertford — Kenneth Rayner. 
 Hyde— Edward L. Mann. 
 
 Iredell — Anderson Mitchell, Thos. A. Allison. 
 .Jacksun — W. H. Thomas- 
 Johnston — Claudius B. Sanders, W. A. Smith. 
 Jones — William Foy. 
 Lenoir — John C. Washington. 
 Lincoln- William Lander. 
 Macon— C. D. Smith. 
 Madison — Joseph A. McDowell. 
 Martin— Asa Biggs. 
 McDowell — James H. Greenlee. 
 
 Mecklenburg — William Johnston, James W. Ci^borne. 
 Mcntgomery — Samuel H. Christian. 
 Moore — Hector Turner. 
 Nash — Aix-hibald H. Airington. 
 
 *L, W. Batchelor contested the seat of Mi\ Gee, and upon invostisatiou it, was 
 )und that Mr. Batchelor was elected, and Mr. Gee resigned. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NOETH CAROLINA. 25 
 
 New Hanover — "W. S. Ashe, Robert H. Cowan. 
 
 Northampton — David A. Barnes, John M. Moody. 
 
 Onslow — Edward W. Ward. 
 
 Orange — Wm A. Graham, John Berry. 
 
 Pasquotank — Rufus K. Speed. 
 
 Perquimans — Joseph S. Cannon. 
 
 Person — John W. CLinniugham. 
 
 Pitt — ^^Bryan Grimes, F. B. Satterthwaite. 
 
 Randolph — Wm J. Long, Alfred G. Foster. 
 
 Richmond — Walter F. Leak. 
 
 Robeson — John P. Fulkr, John C. Sutherland. 
 
 Rockingham — David S. Reicl, Edward T. Brodnax. 
 
 Rowan — Burton Craige, Hamilton C. Jones. 
 
 Rutherford — .Jason H. Carson, Micajah Durham. 
 
 Sampson — Robert A. Mosely, Thomas Bunting. 
 
 Stanly — Eben llearne. 
 
 Stokes— John Hill. 
 
 Surry— T. V. Hamlin. 
 
 Tyrrell— Eli Spruill. 
 
 Union — H. M. Houston. 
 
 Wake— Geo. E, Badger, K. P. Battle. W. W. Holden. 
 
 Warren — Weldon N. Edwards, Francis A. Thornton. 
 
 Washington — Wm. S. Pettigrew, 
 
 Watauga — J. W. Councill. 
 
 Wayne — Geo. V. Strong, E. A. Thompson. 
 
 Wilkes — James Calloway, Peter EUer. 
 
 Yadkin— R F. Armfield. 
 
 Yancey — M. P. Penland. 
 
 Note. — Delegates elected to fill vacancies iu adjourned session 
 of Convention, Nov. 18th, 1861, caused by death or resignation : 
 
 J. H. Bryson, Cherokee. 
 James Dickson. Duplin. 
 George Setzer, Catawba. 
 Neill McKay, Bladen. 
 T, B. Lvon. Granville. 
 A. M. Bogle, Alexander. 
 
 Vacancies in the second adjourned session of the Convention, 
 Jan. 20tli, 1862, were filled by tlie following delegates: 
 
 R. A. Caldwell, Rowan. 
 David Schenck, Lincoln. 
 Robt. Stiange. New Eanover. 
 P. A. Atkinson. Pitt. 
 J. B. Jones, Currituck. 
 
 "D. W. Bagley, Mirtin. 
 D. H. Starbuck, Forsythe. 
 M. J. McDuffie, Cumberland. 
 L. N. B. Battle, Nash. 
 
 G. W. Michael, Rutherford. 
 J. M. Strong, Mecklennurg. 
 A. J. Murrill, Onslow. 
 
26 HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF NOKTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Weldon IST. Edwards, of Warren, was clioseu president, and Wal- 
 ter L. Steele, of Riclimond, was made secretary. On the 1st 
 day of the session an ordinance was unanimously adopted, which 
 declared ^' that the union now subsisting between the State of 
 North Carolina and the other States, under the title of the Uni- 
 ted States of America, is hereby dissolved, and that the State of 
 North Carolina is in full possession and exercise of all those 
 rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and 
 independent State." 
 
 Thus North Carolina took position with her Southern sisters, 
 and at once began to prepare vigorously for the conflict which 
 was now inevitable. As in the Revolution, as in all great emer- 
 gencies in which she conceived her honor and her rights to be 
 involved, she displayed a self-sacrificing devotion of which any 
 people, in any age, might be justly proud. She gave to the 
 Southern army more than 120,000 of her sons, exceeding a ratio 
 of one man to every six of her entire white population. Almost 
 every fireside had its representative in the army, and their noble 
 and heroic record is traced in blood on the melancholy pages of 
 the long and desperate straggle from Big Belhel to Bentonsville 
 and Appomattox. 
 
 The convention of 1861 made the sessions of the General As- 
 sembly annual, instead of biennial. * 
 
 Z. B. Vance was elected G-overnor in 1862, and again in 1864, 
 but, on the surrender of the Southern armies, in May, 1865, he 
 was arrested and his office declared vacant by the military au- 
 thority of the federal government. 
 
 *DELEGATES ELECTED BY THE CON'VEN'TION" TO THE CONFEDEEATE 
 
 COKGKESS. 
 
 For the State at Large — George Davis and W, W. Avery. 
 
 TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: 
 
 Ist District— W. N. H. Smith. I 5th District— J. M. Morehead. 
 
 2d District— Thomas Ruffia. | 6^1 District— K. C. Puryear. 
 
 3d District— Thos D. McDowell. I 7th District- Burton Craige. 
 
 4th District— A. W. Venable. 8th District— A. T. Davidson. 
 
HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF JN^ORTH CAROLINA. 27 
 
 The arm of military power ruled with relentless vigor in both 
 sections during these four years of strife, but in two of the 
 States — North Carolina and New York — the writ of Habeas 
 Corpus was sacredly observed, and in North Carolina the mili- 
 tary was kept subordinate to the civil authority. Upon the 
 surrender of the Southern forces, martial law was established 
 throughout the South, and a military order was issued abolish- 
 ing slavery. W. W. Holden was appointed Provisional Gov- 
 ernor, and under the reconstruction policy of President John- 
 son, Governor Holden issued a Proclamation for an election to 
 be held for delegates to a Convention to beheld in Raleigh, on 
 the second day of October, 1865, Also for an election for mem- 
 bers of the General Assembly, to meet on the 4tli Monday in 
 November, and also for Representatives to the Federal Congress. 
 The Convention met on the day appointed, and was composed 
 of the following delegates: 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE COJS'VElSrTIOK OF 1865-66. 
 
 Alamance: Giles Mebane, John W McCauley. 
 
 Alexander : E M Stephenson. 
 
 Anson: Wm G Smith, L L Polk. 
 
 Ashe and Alleghany: Mr, Baker. 
 
 Beaufort: R S Donnell, E J Warren. 
 
 Bertie: Lewis Thompson, John Pool. 
 
 Bladen: Duncan Kelly. 
 
 Brunswick: Daniel L Russell, Sr. 
 
 Buncombe: L L Stewart. 
 
 Burke: Tod R Caldwell. 
 
 Cabarrus: Dr L S Bingham. 
 
 Caldwell : Rufus L Patte>son, 
 
 Camden: Dennis D Ferebee. 
 
 Carteret: James Rumley. 
 
 Caswell : Bedford Brown, M McGehee. 
 
 Catawba: J R Ellis. 
 
 Chatham: G P Moore, Robert Love, John A McDonald. 
 
 Cherokee: G W Dickey. 
 
 Chowan: R H Winborne. 
 
 Cleaveland: D Beam, R Swan. 
 
28 HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Columbus: A J Jones. 
 
 Craven: C C Clark, M E Manly. 
 
 Cumberland and Harnett: Neill McKay, R P Buxton, D G McRae. 
 
 ©urrituck: Thos J Jai-vis, 
 
 Davidson: Henderson Adams, S S Jones. 
 
 Davie: D M Furches. 
 
 Duplin: D B Nicholson," W A Allen. 
 
 Edgecombe and Wilson: John Norfleet, George Howard. 
 
 Franklin: P H Winston. 
 
 Forsythe : D H Starbuck, I G Lash. 
 
 Gaston: Dr Wm Sloan. 
 
 Gates: Henry Willey. 
 
 Granville: R B Gilliam, Eugene Grissom, E B Lyon. 
 
 Greene: R J Williams. 
 
 Guilford: D F Caldwell, R P Dick, Jonathan Harris 
 
 Halifax: Edward Conigland, W W Brickell. 
 
 Haywood: W G B Garrett. 
 
 Henderson and Transylvania: A H Jones. 
 
 Hertford: Richard G Cowper. 
 
 -Hyde: Jones Spencer. 
 
 Iredell: John H McLaughlin, S B Bell. 
 
 Jackson : J R Love . 
 
 Johnston: William A Smith, Shiion Godwin. 
 
 Jones: F G Simmons. 
 
 Lenoir: R W King. 
 
 Lincoln : W P Bynum. 
 
 Macon : R M Henry. 
 
 Madison: G W Gahagan. ■ 
 
 Martin : Jesse R Stubbs. 
 
 McDowell: Alney Burgin. 
 
 Mecklenburg: Thomas N Alexandei-, Alexander Mclver. 
 
 Montgomery : J S opencer. 
 
 IVioore: A R McDonald. 
 
 Nash: A B Baines. 
 
 New Hanover: Wm A Wright, Dr II F Murphy. 
 
 Northampton: John B Odom, William Barrow. 
 
 Ooslow: Isaac N Sanders. 
 
 Orange: John Berry, S F Phillips. 
 
 Pasquotank: G W Brooks. 
 
 Perquimans: Thomas Wilson. 
 
 Person: Edwin G Eeade. * 
 
 Pitt: Churchill Perkins, W. S. Hanrahan. 
 
 Randolph: S S Jackson, Zebedee Rush. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 29 
 
 Eichmond: Alfred Dockery. 
 
 Robeson: Neal A McLean, Nathaniel McLean. 
 
 Rockingham: Thomas Settle, Robert H. Ward. 
 
 Rowan: Nathaniel Boyd en, I W Jones. 
 
 Rutherford and Polk: G W Logan, C L Harris. 
 
 Sampson: A A McKoy, Thos I, Faison. 
 
 Stanly: James M McCorkle. • 
 
 Stokes: A H Joyce. 
 
 Surry: Samuel Forkner. 
 
 Tyrrell: Charles McCleese. 
 
 Union: Sam'l H. Walkup. 
 
 Wake: B F Moore, 11 A Hodge, W H Harrison. 
 
 Warren: William Eaton, Jr., P H Joyner. 
 
 Washington: J C Johnston. 
 
 Watauga: Geo. W. Bradley. 
 
 Wayne: W T Faircloth, J T Kennedy. 
 
 Wilkes: P Smith, J Q A Bryan. 
 
 Yadkin: Thomas Haynes. 
 
 Yancey and Mitchell: G Garland. 
 
 At the election held in Nov ember, the following were elected 
 from their several Districts to the 
 
 HOUSE OF EEPRESEifTATIVES IIST CONGEESS: 
 
 1st Dist — J RStubbs, of Martin, 1 5th Dist — L Hanes, of Davidson. 
 2d " C C Clark, of Craven, | 6th " SH Walkup, of Union. 
 3d '• T C Fuller, of Gumherl'nd 7th " A H Jonesof Henders'n 
 4th " Josiah Tui-ner, Jr., Orange | 
 
 The Legislature of that winter elected to the United States 
 Senate, Wm. A. Graham, of Orange, for the long term ; John 
 Pool, of Pasquotank, for the short term. The term for which 
 Mr. Pool was elected expiring on the 4th of March, 1867, the 
 Legislature of 186C-'G7 elected, as his successor, M. E. Manly, 
 of Craven. 
 
 At the popular election held in November, 1865, Jonathan 
 Worth, of Randolph, then Treasurer of the State, was elected 
 Governor, and took his seat on the 28th day of December of 
 that year. By reason of a conflict between the President and 
 
30 HISTOEIOAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 
 
 Congress, onr entire delegation were denied seats in that body. 
 The amendments to the Constitution adopted by the Conven- 
 tion were submitted to the vote of the people and rejected by a 
 vote of 19,570 for, to 21,553 against, them. This Constitution, 
 as reported by the Convention, consisted of the original instru- 
 ment of 1776, with amendments of 1835, 1857, 1861 and 1865, 
 consolidated and systematized, with some additions to the Bill 
 of Rights. 
 
 The differences between Congress and the President became 
 constantly more antagonistic — the vetoes and remonstrances of 
 the latter were disregarded by the former — oaths were imposed 
 which amounted to a virtual disfranchisement of a large portion 
 of our citizens — the recently liberated slaves were invested with 
 the right of suffrage, and other prerogatives of citizenshiji — and 
 the elective franchise was exercised only under the bayonet or the 
 supervision and control of a military commander, whose office 
 was in Charleston, South Carolina. 
 
 Under authority vested in him, by the Reconstruction Acts 
 of Congress, Gen. E. R. S. Canby, commanding the 2d Military 
 District, issued an order for an election to be held for delegates 
 to a Convention which should meet in Raleigh on the 14th day 
 of January, 1868. The votes were compared and certificates of 
 election were issued by this officer. The following named dele- 
 gates were by him declared to be elected : 
 
 DELEGATES TO THE CONVEJfTION OF 1868: 
 
 Counties of Burke and McDowell : John S Parks, W A B Murphy. 
 " Rutherford and Pclk : W H Logan, Jesse Rhodes, 
 
 " . Yancey and Mitchell : Julius S Garland. 
 
 " Madison, Buncombe, Henderson and Transylvania : 
 
 Geo W Gahagan, J H Duckworth, Thos J Candler. 
 '* Haywood and Jackson : W G B Garrett. 
 
 ' ' Alleghany, Ashe, Surry, Watauga and Yadkin : Sam'l 
 
 Forkner, Evan Benbow, Geo W Bradley and Edwin 
 
 C Bartlett. f 
 
 fBy order of Gen. Canby, the name of John G. Marler was inserted in place of 
 Edwin C. Bartlett. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 31 
 
 Counties of Macon. Clay and Cherokee : Mark May, Geo W Dickey. 
 
 " Caldwell, Wilkes, Iredell and Alexander : Calvin J 
 
 Cowles, Calvin C. Jones, Wesley H George, John Q 
 
 A Bryan and Jerry Smith. 
 
 " Davie and Rowan : Allen Rose, Dr. Milton Hobbs, and 
 
 Isaac M Shaver. I 
 " Cleaveland : Plato Durham. 
 
 " Catawba: James R. Eilis. 
 
 " Lincoln : Joseph H King. 
 
 " Gaston : Milo J Aydlott. 
 
 •' Mecklenburg : Edward B. Fullings, Silas N StilwelL 
 
 ** Union : William Newsom. 
 
 " Cabarrus : W T Blume. 
 
 " Stanly : Levi C Morton. 
 
 *' Anson : George Tucker, Henry Chillson. 
 
 Stokes : R F Petree. 
 •' Forsythe : E B Teague. 
 
 " Davidson : Isaac Kinney, S Mullican. 
 
 Randolph : T L L Cox, R F Trogden. 
 " Guilford : G W Welker, A W Tourgee. 
 
 *' Rockingham : H Barnes, John French. 
 
 " Caswell : Wilson Carey,* P Hodnett. 
 
 " Alamance : Henry M Ray. 
 
 " Person : William Merritt. 
 
 " Orange : E M Holt, J W Graham. 
 
 Chatham : J A McDonald, W T Gunter. 
 
 Wake : S D Franklin, J P Andrews, BSD Williams, 
 James H Harris.* 
 " Granville : J W Ra gland, J I Moore and C Mayo.* 
 
 " Warren: John A Hyman,* John Read. 
 
 " Franklin : John H Williamson,* Jas T Harris. 
 
 " Cumberland : W A Mann, J W Hoed.* 
 
 " Harnett : J M Turner. 
 
 " Moore : S S McDonald. 
 
 " Montgomery : Geo A Graham. 
 
 " Richmond : R T Long, Sr. 
 
 " Wayne : H L Grant, J Hollo well. ^ 
 
 " Johnston : Dr. James Hay, Nathan Gulley. 
 
 " Greene : J M Patrick. 
 
 " • Wilson : W Daniel. 
 " Nash : Jacob Ing. 
 
 fBy order of Gen. Canby, the name of James McOubbins -was inserted in place 
 of Isaac M. Shaver. 
 * Colored members. 
 
32 HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 County of Halifax : Henry Epps,* J H Renfrew, W J T Hayes.* 
 Northampton : R C Parker, H T Grant. 
 
 ' ' Edgecombe : J H Baker, Henry A Dowd, Henry C 
 
 Cherry * 
 
 " Lenoir : R W King. 
 
 " Brunswick : Edwin Legg. 
 
 " Columbus : Haynes Lennon. 
 
 " Robeson : Joshua L Nance, O S Hayes. 
 
 Bladen : A W Fisher, F F French. 
 
 " New Hanover .• J C Abbott, S S Ashley and A H Gal- 
 
 loway.* 
 
 " Duplin : J W Peterson,* Sani'l Higbsmith.* 
 
 " Sampson : Sylvester Carter, Alexander Williams. 
 
 " Tyrrell and Washington : E W Jones. 
 
 " Martin : Samuel VV Watts. 
 
 " Bertie : P D Robbins,* Bryant Lee.* 
 
 Hertford : J B Hare. 
 
 " Gates : Thomas D Hoffler. 
 
 " Chowan : John R French. 
 
 " Perquimans: Dr Wm Nicholson. 
 
 " Pasquotank and Camden : C C Pool, M Taylor. 
 
 " Currituck : Thos. Sanderlin. 
 
 " Craven : David Heaton, WHS Sweet, C DPierson.* 
 
 " Onslow : Jasper Etheridge. 
 
 " Carteret : Abraham Congleton. 
 
 " Beaufort : W B Rodman, William Stilley. 
 
 " Pitt : Byron Laflin, D J Rich. 
 
 " Hyde: Andrew J Glover. 
 
 This body met, and among tlie many important changes 
 made in the organic law may be mentioned : The creation of 
 the offices of Lieutenant Governor, and Snperintendent of Pub- 
 lic Works ; making eligible to office all male citizens who had 
 the right to vote ; increasing the number of Judges of the Su- 
 preme and Superior Courts, and giving their election and tliat 
 of magistrates to the people ; abolished the County Court sys- 
 tem, and substituted a new system of county government ; made 
 the meetings of the Legislature annual ; established a Peniten- 
 tiary ; ordered a census of the State to be taken every ten years, 
 
 * Colored memliei's. 
 
HISTOKICAL SKETCH OF NOETH CAROLINA. 33 
 
 the tirst to be taken in 1875; and made the rights of the negro 
 equal with the white race, before the law. AV. W. Holden, of 
 Wake, who had been elected GoYernor for four years from the 
 1st day of January; 1869, was inaugurated July 4th, 1868. 
 Tod R. Caldwell, of Burke, was Lieutenant G-overnor and ex 
 officio President of the Senate. 
 
 The Legislature of 1870-'71 impeached Governor Holden, and 
 he was removed from office. Lieutenant Governor Caldwell 
 assumed the duties of Governor. An act was passed by the 
 Legislature April 3d, 1871, appointing an election to be held 
 August 3d, 1871, upon the question of holding a Convention, 
 and it was defeated by a vote of 86,007 /or, to 93,352 against, it. 
 At the regular election in 1872, Tod R. Caldwell was elected 
 Governor, and Curtis H. Brogden Lieutenant Governor, for four 
 years from the 1st of January, 1873. The Constitution of 1868 
 had been found ill-suited, in many esssential particulars, to the 
 interests and condition of our people ; and the Legislature of 
 1872-'73, among the amendments made to that instrument, 
 abolished .the office of Superintendent of Public Works ; changed 
 the sessions of the General Assembly from annual to biennial 
 terms, and abrogated the clause ordering the census of the State 
 to be taken. Governor Caldwell died July llth, 1874, and was 
 succeeded for the unexpired term by Lieut. Gov. Brogden. In 
 March, 1875, the Legislature passed an act proposing certain 
 amendments to the Constitution, and providing for a Conven- 
 tion, restricted in its action to the consideration of these pro- 
 posed amendments. The Convention met in Raleigh on the 6th 
 of September, and was composed of the following delegates: 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE CONVENTION OF 1875. 
 
 Alamance: James E Boyd. 
 
 Alexander: Reuben Vv^atts. 
 
 Alleghany: E L Vaughan. 
 
 Anson: R T Bennett. 
 
 Ashe: J O Wilcox. 
 
 Beaufort & Pamlico: J E Shepherd 
 
 Bertie: F WBell. 
 
 Buncombe: T L Clingman, David 
 
 Coleman. 
 Burke: A C Avery. 
 Cabarrus: K W Allison. 
 Caldwell: E W Jones. 
 Camden: JL Chamberlain. 
 Caswell: E B Withers, Wilson Gary* 
 
 ♦Colored memlaer. 
 
34 HrSTORIOAL SKETCH OFi^NOETH OAHOLINA. 
 
 Bladen; A. McDonald. 
 Brunswick: E W Taylor, 
 ('arteret: James Runiley. 
 Cdtawba: M L McCorkle. 
 Cliatiiam: John Mauning and W F 
 
 Strovvd. 
 Cherokej & Grabam: J W Cooper 
 Chowan: John R Page. * 
 Clay: J S Anderson. 
 Cleav«land: Plato Durham. 
 (/Olunibu": Forney George. 
 C'-'""en: R F Lehman aud John b 
 
 Mannix. 
 Cu.xioeiiaiid: R P Buxton aiid J ■ 
 
 Blocker. 
 Currituck: w H f Lowell. 
 Daie: G B Bliven. 
 Davids <u: F C Robbins and B & 
 
 Roberts 
 Davie: C. ales Pricf. 
 Duplin: J N Stisliings and AVm 
 
 Farrior. 
 Edgtcombe: W P Mabson * and A 
 
 Mc'abe. 
 Forsytne: W H Whe-ler. 
 Franklin: VV F Green. 
 Gascon: Jonas H'^If man. 
 Gitet,: W PRoberis. 
 Granville: I J. Young and J A 
 
 Builocl--. 
 Green: Joseph Dixon. 
 Guilford: A VV Toui-gpe and A t 
 
 Ho'.t^ni. 
 Halifax: J E O'Hara* and J J 
 
 (3-ui>dwin. 
 Harnett: J !1 Harrington, 
 Haywood: Sam'i L Love. 
 Henderson: John F Woodfin. 
 Hertford: J J IIoi ton. 
 Hyde: VV S Ca-ter. 
 Iredell: T A N;cholson and C A 
 
 Summers. 
 Jackson: G W Spake. 
 Johnston: B R Plinuant and P T 
 
 Massey. 
 Jones: J F Scott-.. 
 Lenoir: R W King. 
 Lincoln: Caleb Motz. 
 Macon: W N All man. 
 Madis<m: J G Anderton. 
 Martin: C B Hassell. 
 
 McDowell: S J Neal. 
 Meckienbarg: Rut'us Barringer and 
 
 W M Kerr. 
 Mitchell.- J VV Bowman, 
 ilontgomery: Allen Jordan. 
 
 Moore: W M Black. 
 ISTash: B H Bunn 
 Nevv Hanover and Pender: G Z 
 
 French, S H Manning and J H 
 
 Smythe* 
 ISrorthampton: Wm Barrow. 
 Onslow: James G Scott. 
 Orange: Jusiau Turner and W N 
 
 Par.terson, 
 Pa>!qaot iiik: W J Munden. 
 Perquimans.- J W xAlbettson. 
 Person: J VV Cunningham 
 Pitt: ]' J Jarvis and W M King. 
 Poik: iSf d Hampton. 
 Ran olph; J W iieau, and A M 
 
 Lowe. 
 Richmond: O H DocSkery. 
 Robeson: D Sinclair and C A Mc- 
 
 Eachin. 
 Rociiiugiiam: D S Reid and J T 
 
 Mor. liead 
 Rowan: F E Saober and John S 
 
 Henderson. 
 Butlieriord: James Justice. 
 Sampson: Wm Kirby and S J Fai- 
 
 sou 
 Stanly: Joseph Mar hall. 
 Stokes; VV \V McCanless. 
 Surry: Joseph Dobson 
 Svv;an; E Everett. 
 Transylvania: G W AVilson. 
 fyrrell: Edward Ransom. 
 iJoiou: T W Rttdvvine. 
 Wake: M C Hodge, A L Davis, J 
 
 J No well and it C Badger. 
 Warren: J W Thorne and J O 
 
 (h'osby * 
 *Vashiigton: J M Bateman. 
 Watauga: Hervy Bingham. 
 Wayne: W T Faircloth and G H 
 
 Grantham . 
 Wilkes: T J Dula and J Q A Bryan. 
 Wilson: R W Singlctary. 
 Yadkin: B F Jones. 
 Yancey: C R Byrd. 
 
 * Colored members. 
 
EXECUTIVE A^^D STATE OFFICERS. 
 
 35 
 
 The amendments of greatest importance adopted by this Con- 
 vention, and which were ratified by a vote of 120,159, to 106,554, 
 were the establisliment of separate schools for the races; of a 
 Department of Agriculture; of Criminal and Inferior Courts; 
 the election of Magistrates by the Legislature; reducing the 
 number of Judges of the Su2:)reme and Superior Courts; dis- 
 franchising persons convicted of infamous crimes; and limiting 
 the per diem, of members of the General Assembly to four dollars, 
 for sixty dajj's, to each session. 
 
 With laws guaranteeing ample and equal protection to all of 
 her citizens; administered by native sons distinguished for their 
 devotion to the State, her future is indeed hopeful and auspi- 
 cious. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 IIXECUTIVE AND STATE OFFICERS UNDER THE LORDS PROPRIETORS 
 UNDER CHARTER OP CHARLES II. FROM 1663 TO 1729. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 NA.MES. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 1663 
 
 William Drummond. 
 
 
 Henderson Walker. 
 
 1667 
 
 Samuel Stevens. 
 
 1704 
 
 Robert Daniel. 
 
 1674 
 
 Sir George Carteret.. 
 
 
 Sir Nath:!niel Johnson. 
 
 1667 
 
 Sir George Eastchurch. 
 
 
 Thomas Carey. 
 
 ..... 
 
 Miller, Deputy. 
 
 1712 
 
 Edward Hyde. 
 
 .... 
 
 John Culpepper. 
 
 1712 
 
 George Pollock. 
 
 1683 
 
 Seth Sothel. 
 
 1713 
 
 Charles Eden. 
 
 1689 
 
 Phillip Ludwell. 
 
 1724 
 
 George Burrington. 
 
 1693 
 
 Thomas Smith. 
 
 1725 
 
 Sir George Everhard. 
 
 1694 
 
 John Archdale. 
 
 1729 
 
 The Lords Proprietors sur- 
 
 1698 
 
 Thomas Harvey. 
 
 
 rendered their charters 
 to the Crown. 
 
36 
 
 EXECUTIVE AND STATE OFFICEKS. 
 
 GOVERNORS UNDER THE CROWN. 
 
 
 DATE. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 1730 
 1734 
 1753 
 
 George Burrington. 
 Grabriel Johnston. 
 Arthur Dobbs. 
 
 1753 
 
 1765 
 1771 
 
 Matthew EoAvan. 
 William Tryon. 
 Josiah Martin. 
 
 
 GOVERNORS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION ELECTED BY THE GENERAL 
 
 ASSEMBLY. 
 
 DATF. 
 
 1 NAMES. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1776.... 
 
 Hichard Caswell - - - - 
 
 Lenoir. 
 
 1779.... 
 
 Abner Nash . _ . 
 
 Craven. 
 
 1781 
 
 Thomas Burke - - - - 
 
 Orange. 
 
 1782.... 
 
 Alexander Martin - 
 
 Guilford. 
 
 1784.... 
 
 Richard Caswell - • - 
 
 Lenoir. 
 
 1787.... 
 
 Samuel Johnston - - - - 
 
 Chowan. 
 
 1789.... 
 
 Alexander Martin _ . - . 
 
 Guilford. 
 
 1792.... 
 
 Richard Dobbs Spaight, Sr. 
 
 Craven. 
 
 1795.... 
 
 Samuel Ashe . . - . . 
 
 New Hanover. 
 
 1798.... 
 
 William R. Davie 
 
 Halifax. 
 
 1799.... 
 
 Benjamin Williams - . - . 
 
 Moore. 
 
 1802... 
 
 James Turner - . . - . 
 
 Warren. 
 
 1805 . . . 
 
 IN^athaniel Alexander . _ - 
 
 Mecklenburg. 
 
 1807.... 
 
 Benjamin Williams 
 
 Moore. 
 
 1808.... 
 
 David Stone . •- - - - 
 
 Bertie. 
 
 1810... 
 
 Benjamin Smith - - - - - 
 
 BrunsAvick. 
 
 1811... 
 
 •iVilliam Hawkins - - - - 
 
 Warren. 
 
 1814.... 
 
 vVilliam Miller - _ - - - 
 
 Warren. 
 
 1817.... 
 
 John Branch - - - - - 
 
 Halifax. 
 
 1820.... 
 
 Jesse Franklin - - - - 
 
 Surry. 
 
 1821.... 
 
 Gabriel Holmes 
 
 Sampson. 
 
 1824.... 
 
 Hutchins G. Burton 
 
 Halifax. 
 
 1827.... 
 
 James Iredell - . - 
 
 Chowan. 
 
 1828.... 
 
 John Owen - - - - - 
 
 Bladen. 
 
 1830.... 
 
 Montford Stokes 
 
 Wilkes. 
 
 1832.... 
 
 David L. Swain - - - - 
 
 Buncombe. 
 
 1835 ... 
 
 Richard Dobbs Spaight. Jr. - 
 
 Craven. 
 
EXECUTIVE AND STATE OFFICERS. 
 
 37 
 
 GOVERNORS ELECTED BY THE PEOPLE. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 COUN'TIES. 
 
 1837.. 
 1841 . . 
 1845.. 
 1849.. 
 1851.. 
 1854.. 
 1 855 . . 
 1^59.. 
 1861.. 
 1863 : . 
 1865.. 
 .1865.. 
 1866 . . 
 1869 . . 
 1870.. 
 1873.. 
 1874.. 
 1877.. 
 
 Edward B. Dudley . - - 
 John M. Morehead 
 William A. Graham - - - 
 Charles Manly - - - 
 David S. Eeid - - .- 
 Warren Winslow, Ex officio - 
 Thomas Bragg - - - 
 John W. Eliis - 
 Henry T. Clark, Ex officio - 
 Zebulon B. Vance 
 " " " _ 
 
 William W. Holden, Provisional 
 Jonathan Worth _ - . 
 William W. Holden 
 Tod R. Caldwell, Ex officio 
 
 Curtis H. Brogden, Ex officio 
 Zebulon B. Vance . - - 
 
 New Hanover. 
 
 Guilford. 
 
 Orange. 
 
 Wake. 
 
 Rockingham. 
 
 Cumberland. 
 
 Northampton . 
 
 Rowan. 
 
 Edgecombe. 
 
 Buncombe. 
 
 Wake. 
 Randolph. 
 Wake. 
 Bnrke. 
 
 Wayne. 
 Mecklenburar. 
 
 
 LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR'^. 
 
 
 D ATE. 
 
 I^AMES. 
 
 COUISTTIES. 
 
 186'J. . . 
 
 1873... 
 
 1877... 
 
 'lod K. Caldwell ... - 
 
 Curtis II. Brogden 
 
 riiomas J. Jarvis - - . - 
 
 Burke. - 
 Wayne. 
 Pitt. 
 
 
 SECRE CARIES OF STATE. 
 
 
 DATE. 
 
 NA-JB8. 
 
 1777 
 
 Jauies Glasgow. 
 
 1778 
 
 William White. 
 
 1811 
 
 William Hill. 
 
 1859 
 
 Rufus H. Page. 
 
 186;-5 
 
 J. P. H. Russ. 
 
 1-S64 
 1866 
 1869 
 1873 
 
 1877 
 
 Charles R. Thomas. 
 R. W. Best. 
 Henry J. Menninger. 
 William H. Howerton. 
 Joseph A. Engelhard. 
 
38 
 
 EXECUTIVE AND STATE OFFICERS. 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 
 1776 
 
 1777 
 1787 
 1827 
 1830 
 
 1835 
 
 1837 
 
 NAMES 
 
 Eichard 
 Samuel 
 
 Memucan 
 
 John Hay 
 
 William S. 
 
 Eobert H. 
 
 William S. 
 
 Samuel F. 
 
 Daniel W. 
 
 Caswell 
 Johnston. 
 Hunt, 
 wood. 
 
 Eobards. 
 
 Burton. 
 Mhoon. 
 
 Patterson. 
 
 (Courts. 
 
 1839 
 1843 
 1845 
 1852 
 1863 
 1865 
 1866 
 1869 
 1877 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 Charles L. Hinton. 
 John H. Wheeler. 
 Charles L. Hinton. 
 Daniel W. Courts. 
 Johnathan Worth. 
 William Sloan. 
 Kemp P. Battle. 
 David A. Jenkins. 
 John M. Worth. 
 
 COMPTROLLERS. 
 
 1783 
 1808 
 1825 
 
 1827 
 
 1834 
 
 If AMES. 
 
 John Craven. 
 Samuel Goodwin. 
 Joseph Hawkins. 
 John L. Henderson. 
 James Grant. 
 Nathan Stedman. 
 
 1836 
 1851 
 1855 
 1857 
 1867 
 
 William F. Collins. 
 William J. Clarke. 
 George W. Brooks. 
 Curtis H. Brogden. 
 S. W. Burffin. 
 
 AUDITORS- 
 
 DATE. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 1868 
 
 
 1877 
 
 
 to 
 
 Henderson Adams. 
 
 to 
 
 
 1873 
 
 
 1881 
 
 Samuel L. Love.. 
 
 1873 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 
 
 1877 
 
 John Eeilly. 
 
 
 
 SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 DATE . 
 
 NAME. 
 
 1868 
 
 1872 
 
 S. S. Ashley, 
 Alex. Mclver, 
 
 1874 
 1877 
 
 Stephen D. Pool, 
 John C. Searhorough, 
 
STATE OFFICERS. 
 
 39 
 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST OP MEMBERS TO THE CONTINENTAL AND UNITED 
 STATES CONGRESS TO DATE. 
 
 Ashe, John B 
 
 Bloodworth, Timothy 
 
 Blount, William 
 
 Burke, Thomas 
 
 Burton, Robert 
 
 Caswell, Richad 
 
 Gumming, William.. 
 Harnett, Cornelius . . . 
 
 Hawkins, Benjamin... 
 
 Hewes, Joseph 
 
 Hill, Whitmill 
 
 Hooper, William 
 
 1787 
 1783 
 17^2 
 ^78(5 
 1777 
 17^7 
 1:74 
 178i 
 7'7 
 1781 
 17^6 
 1774 
 i; 9 
 
 1778 
 1774 
 
 1788 
 17?7 
 178: 
 1787 
 1781 
 1.88 
 1-76 
 17i-4 
 378- 
 178 
 
 ri87 
 
 1777 
 1780 
 178 
 ^777 
 
 Johnston, Samuel 
 
 Jones, Allen 
 
 Nash, Abner \ 
 
 Penn, John \ 
 
 Sitgreaves, John 
 
 Sharpe, William •. . 
 
 Spaight, Richard D 
 
 Swan, John 
 
 Williams, John 
 
 Williamson, Hugh < 
 
 White, Alexander 
 
 178 
 17 9 
 78i 
 1785 
 1775 
 1777 
 1-84 
 177 
 1783 
 17; 7 
 1778 
 173S: 
 1887 
 1786 
 
 1783 
 17fO 
 1784 
 1786 
 177d 
 1780 
 1785 
 1783 
 1785 
 i;88 
 1789 
 1785 
 I78<i 
 1788 
 
 MEMBERS OP SENATE OP U TITED STATE 5 PR 'M NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Abbott, Jos. C 
 
 Badger, George E 
 
 Biggs, Asa 
 
 Bragg, Thomas 
 
 Bloodsworth, Timothy 
 
 Branch, John 
 
 Brown, Bedford 
 
 Clingman, T. L 
 
 Franklin, Jesse 
 
 Graham, William A 
 
 Hawkins, Benjamin... 
 Haywood, William H . 
 
 Iredell, James 
 
 Johnston, Samiiel 
 
 Locke, Francis 
 
 i8r 
 
 1^4". 
 1 54 
 1859 
 r.95 
 iR-^;-i 
 l82<i 
 18'-8 
 179' 
 807 
 1-41 
 
 17^9 
 
 1«4< 
 ;8.8 
 17f9 
 1814 
 
 18-] 
 ]855 
 1858 
 ISiii 
 Iftci 
 18.9 
 
 ISil 
 
 1 61 
 1805 
 1 1 
 
 ■■■4 
 1 95 
 
 !8^(i 
 
 183 
 179: 
 1815 
 
 Macon, Nathaniel 
 
 Mangum, W. P... 
 
 Martin, Alexander 
 Merrimon, A. S.. . 
 Pool, John 
 
 Ransom, Matt W. 
 
 Reid, \ avid S 
 
 Stok(^s, Montford. 
 
 Stone, David 
 
 Straijg-o, Robert.. 
 Turner, James 
 
 1815 
 1^31 
 lf41 
 
 1848 
 17.3 
 1873 
 1857 
 187 2 
 J 77 
 1854 
 !8:6 
 Isia 
 
 im 
 
 18i6 
 :18;5 
 
 1828 
 1837 
 1847 
 1(53 
 1799 
 ii-79 
 1873 
 1.-S77 
 1883 
 1859 
 18i3 
 1.^07 
 1814 
 1841 
 1816 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE HOU'SB OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM NORTH CARO- 
 LINA. 
 
 Alexander, Evan 
 
 Alexnnd^^-!-, Nnthani :1 
 
 Alston, Willis 
 
 Alston, Willis, Jr \ 
 
 Arrington. A. H 
 
 Ashe, John B 
 
 Ashe, Wniiam S 
 
 Ashe, Thomas S 
 
 18 5 
 ^80'! 
 179 
 8I1.S 
 ■h.5 
 1841 
 179' 
 1849 
 18.3 
 
 18(9 
 
 !Pf5 
 l.-0:-i 
 1ft 5 
 18:! 1 
 1^45 
 17^3 
 •85'! 
 18; 5 
 
 Cobb, C. L 
 
 Cochran, James 
 
 Conner, H. W 
 
 Craige, Burton 
 
 Crudup, Josiah 
 
 Culpeper, John J 
 
 1869 
 ]8'"'n 
 18il 
 IfS'l 
 iSidl 
 18(7 
 1813 
 18:9 
 1823 
 
 1875 
 1813 
 1841 
 18H1 
 1823 
 1809 
 1817 
 J 821 
 
 18i;5 
 
40 
 
 MEMBEES OF CONGKESS. 
 
 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES— CbJUinwed. 
 
 Blount, Thomas 
 
 Boyden, Nathaniel 
 
 Branch, John 
 
 Bi-anch, L. O'B 
 
 Brog-den, Curtis H 
 
 Bryan, Nathan 
 
 Bryan, John H 
 
 Bryan, Joseph H 
 
 Burgess, Dempsey 
 
 Burton, Hutchins G 
 
 Bynum, Jesse A 
 
 Boyden, Nathaniel 
 
 Caldwell, Green W. . : 
 
 Caldwell, Joseph P 
 
 Carson, Samuel P 
 
 Clark, James W 
 
 Clark,Henry S 
 
 Clingman, Thos. L * 
 
 Cohh, C. L .* 
 
 Cochran, James 
 
 Conner, H. W 
 
 Craig-e, Burton 
 
 Crudup,- Josiah 
 
 Culpepper, John J 
 
 Daniel, J. R. J 
 
 Davidson, William 
 
 Davis, Joseph J \ 
 
 Dawson, William J 
 
 Deweese, J. T 
 
 Dobbin, James C '.. 
 
 DeBerry, Edmund ) 
 
 Dockery, Alfred > 
 
 Dockery, O. H 
 
 Dickens, Samuel 
 
 Donnell, R. S 
 
 Dixon, Joseph H 
 
 Dixon, Joseph H 
 
 Dudley, Edward B 
 
 Edwards, Weldon N 
 
 Fisher, Charles ) 
 
 Forney, Daniel M 
 
 Forney, Peter 
 
 Franklin, Jesse 
 
 Franklin, Meshack 
 
 French, .John R 
 
 Gaston, William 
 
 Gatlin, Alfred M 
 
 Gillesjiie, James ) 
 
 Gilmer, John A ". 
 
 Graliam, James \ 
 
 Grove, William B 
 
 Hall, Thomas H ^ 
 
 1825 
 tK15 
 1845 
 184S 
 
 I86i> 
 
 Hawkins, M. T 
 
 Heaton, David 
 
 Henderson. Archibald. 
 
 Hill, John 
 
 Hill, William H 
 
 Hines, Richard 
 
 Holland, James 
 
 Holmes, Gabriel 
 
 Hooks, Charles 
 
 Hyman, John A 
 
 Jones, A. H 
 
 Jones, Charles 
 
 Kenan, Thos 
 
 Kennedy, William . 
 
 King, William R... 
 Lash, I. G 
 
 ^ Leacli, James M. 
 
 Lock, Mathew.. 
 
 Long, John 
 
 Love, Williiira C 
 
 Macon, Nathaniel 
 
 Mangum, W. P 
 
 Manning, John Jr . . 
 
 McBride, Archibald... 
 
 McDowell, Joseph 
 
 McFarland, Duncan. . . 
 McKay, James J 
 
 McNeill, Archibald 
 
 Mebane, Alexander 
 
 Mitchell, Anderson 
 
 Montgomery, William. 
 
 Munford, George 
 
 Morehead, James T 
 
 Murfree, William H. . . 
 
 Outlaw, George 
 
 Outlaw, David 
 
 Owen, James 
 
 L'aine, R, T 
 
 Pettigrew, E 
 
 Pearson, Joseph. 
 
 Pickens, Israel , 
 
 Potter, Robert 
 
 Puryear, R. C 
 
 Purviance, Samuel D. . 
 
 Rayner, Kenneth 
 
 Reade, E. G 
 
 Rencher, Abraham 
 
 Reid, David S 
 
 Rogers, Sion H 
 
 1-27 18.S5 
 
 Robbins, W. M. 
 Ruffln, Thomas. 
 Saund(n's, R. M. . 
 
 181 
 
 18H7 
 
 18; 9 
 .799 
 1825 
 1795 
 J8/(. 
 ]«6 
 
 laiti 
 
 1.M9 
 1875 
 186. 
 1801 
 18(15 
 
 ISO,. 
 I81U 
 
 im 
 
 18(i7 
 lt5- 
 1S69 
 179, 
 
 18.5 
 
 1791 
 
 18, 
 
 1871 
 
 18:9 
 
 J 7:" 3 
 
 179 
 
 18t| 
 
 1831 
 
 1821 
 
 .825 
 
 V43 
 
 Sawyer, Lemuel. 
 
 1-1 
 185 
 18^3 
 IS;. 4 
 
 l.^,7 
 
 181 
 
 r-5 
 
 l8;-5 
 i8 9 
 181! 
 
 I8i".1 
 
 r-5s 
 
 lf-0 ' 
 18'9 
 I (•55 
 18v,i 
 1^41 
 84- 
 1853 
 187 
 l^.7•' 
 1877 
 
 lH5H 
 
 182) 
 •41 
 807 
 
 1817 
 
 1826 
 
 1841 
 
 1803 
 1841 
 1803 
 1827 
 i7!i7 
 1811 
 I'&Zi) 
 1817 
 1825 
 1877 
 
 i802 
 1811 
 ,8! '5 
 1811 
 815 
 1816 
 
 mi) 
 1875 
 171 9 
 1829 
 1817 
 1815 
 18). 6 
 
 1813 
 1735 
 179.) 
 1807 
 1849 
 1S2S 
 1827 
 1794 
 1843 
 1^4l 
 181!^ 
 853 
 1817 
 1>28 
 1853 
 1819 
 85? 
 1837 
 1815 
 181 1" 
 831 
 1855 
 1 <5 
 1843 
 1857 
 183) 
 8,3 
 847 
 1^55 
 1873 
 18 5 
 187;) 
 
 Irfil 
 
 1827 
 1845 
 
MEMBEES OF CONGEESS. 
 
 41 
 
 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES— Confimted. 
 
 Sa-wyer, S. T 
 
 Scales, A. M | 
 
 Settle, Tliomas 
 
 Sevier, John 
 
 Shadwick, William 
 
 Shepherd. ' harles B 
 
 Shepard, William B 
 
 •Shepherd, A. H j 
 
 Shoher, F. E 
 
 Smith, James S 
 
 Smith, W. A 
 
 Smith, W.N. H 
 
 Slocumt), Jesse 
 
 Speight, Jesse 
 
 Spaight, R. D 
 
 Spaight, R. D. Jr 
 
 Stanford, Richard 
 
 Stanly, John | 
 
 Stanly, Edward • \ 
 
 Steele, John 
 
 Steele, Walter L 
 
 ]8?7 
 
 I8.f.7 
 
 1817 
 1:9 
 1796 
 1.^3" 
 18:£7 
 182> 
 1341 
 .817 
 1869 
 1817 
 873 
 859 
 1-117 
 827 
 1 8 
 182.S 
 1 9 
 
 m 
 It 09 
 
 837 
 IB49 
 17;0 
 It 75 
 
 1839 
 1859 
 18711 
 18:9 
 
 1861 
 
 Stewart, James. 
 Stone, David 
 
 ahaw, H. M 
 
 Tatum, Ahs 
 
 Tate, Magiius 
 
 Thomas, Charles R 
 
 Turner, Daniel 
 
 Vance, R. B 
 
 Vance, R. B. Jr 
 
 Vance, Zehulon B 
 
 Venable, A, W 
 
 Waddell, A. M 
 
 Walker, Felix 
 
 Washington, Wm H. . . 
 
 Williams, Benjamin 
 
 Williams, Lewis 
 
 Williams, Marmaduke. 
 
 Williams, Robert 
 
 Williamson, Hugh 
 
 Winslow, Warren 
 
 Winston, Joseph 
 
 Wynns, Thomas 
 
 Yancy, Bartlett . . . . . 
 
 Yeates, Jesse J 
 
 1818 
 17S;9 
 18r3 
 IH57 
 179i 
 1815 
 1871 
 1827 
 18^3 
 1873 
 18r8 
 i847 
 1871 
 17 
 1841 
 i7.'3 
 1815 
 18(3 
 1797 
 I7i;0 
 1S55 
 1793 
 1803 
 18(2 
 8J3 
 1875 
 
 1875 
 
 187a 
 1861 
 
 1879 
 
 1861 
 
 1879 
 
 MEMBEES NOW IN CONGEESS FEOM NOETH CAE- 
 
 OLINx\. 
 
 SEISTATORS. 
 
 Matt. ^Y. Eaiisom. 
 
 Augustus S. Merrimon. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 1st Dist., Jesse J. Yeates 
 2d ' 
 3d ' 
 
 Curtis H. Brog'dei! 
 
 Alfred M. Waddell. 
 4th " Joseph J. "Oyyis. 
 
 5th Dist., Walter L. Steele. 
 6th " Alfred M. Scales. 
 7th " Williarxi Ivi. Eobhins. 
 
 8th 
 
 Eobert B. Yance. 
 
 JLTDICIAEY^ 
 
 SUPREME COURT. 
 
 W. N. H. Smith, Chief Justice. 
 Thomas S. Ashe, Associate Justice. 
 John H. Dillard, 
 Clerk, W. H. Bagley, of Wake. 
 
42 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 
 
 SUPERIOR COURTS. 
 
 1st Jnd. Dist., Mills L. Eure. 
 2d " " A. S. Seymour. 
 3d " " A. A. McKay. 
 4tli " " R. P. Buxton, 
 oth '' " John Kerr. 
 
 Gtli Jud. Dist., David Schenck. 
 7tli " " J. E. Graves. 
 8tli " " A. 0. Avery. 
 9tli " '' J. C. L.Gudger. 
 
 STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION. 
 
 The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, 
 Treasurer, Auditor, Superintendent of Public Instruction and 
 Attorney General. 
 
 PRESENT EXECUTIVE. 
 
 GOVERNOR. 
 
 Zebulon B. Vance was born in Buncombe county May 13tli, 
 1830. Was educated at the Uuniversit}^, studied law and ob- 
 tained license to practice in 1852. In 1854 he was elected to the 
 House of Commons; In 1858, was elected to the lower house of 
 Congress to fill the unexpired te]m of T. L. Clingman, who had 
 been aj)pointed to the Senate by Governor Bragg. Was re-elected 
 to the same position in 1859. Entered the Confederate army 
 as Captain in 1861; was promoted to the Colonelcy of the 26th 
 N. C. Regiment, and in 18G2was elected Governor of the State. 
 In 1864 was again elected Governor. In 1870 he was elected to 
 the United States Senate by the Legislature, but Congress re- 
 fusing to remove his political disabilities, he resigned. In 1876 
 he was elected Governor by the popular vote for four years from 
 the 1st day of January, 1877. 
 
 LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR. 
 
 Thomas J. Jarvis was born in Currituck county July 18th, 
 
STATE OFFICEES. 4a 
 
 1836. Graduated at Randolph Macon College in 1860. Studied 
 law and obtained license to practice. Served as Captain tlirongh 
 the war. Was elected to the Constitutional Convention of 18(35, 
 and to the lower branch of the Legislature from Tyrrell county 
 in 1868. In 1870, as a member of that body, he was elected 
 Speaker. Removing to Pitt county; he was chosen a delegate to 
 the Constitutional Convention of 1875. In 1876 he was elected 
 Lieutenant Governor for four years from the 1st of January, 
 1877. 
 
 SECEETARY OF STATE. 
 
 Joseph A. Engelhard was born in Monticello, Mississippi, 
 September 27th, 1832. Graduated at Chapel Hill in 1854. 
 Studied law and obtained license to practice. Was Major and 
 Quartermaster of Branch's Brigade, and promoted to Adjutant 
 General of Pender's Division, during the war. Was Associate 
 Editor of the Wilmington Journal from 1866 to his election. 
 Was elected Secretary of State in 1876, for four years from 
 January 1st, 1877. 
 
 TREASURER. 
 
 John M. Worth was born in Guilford county .June 28th, 1811. 
 Graduated as a physician in the Medical College at Lexington, 
 Kentucky. Represented the Senatorial District composed of 
 Moore and Montgomery counties, three different times, and the 
 district composed of Randolph and Montgomery, twice, and the 
 district composed of Randolph and Moore twice. Was elected 
 State Treasurer in 1876 for four years from the 1st of .January, 
 1877. 
 
 ATTORNEY GEIS'EEAL. 
 
 Thomas S. Kenan was born in Duplin county February 17th, 
 1838. Graduated at Chapel Hill in 1857. Studied law and 
 obtained license to practice. Entered the army as Captain and 
 was promoted to the Colonelcy of the 43d JST. C. Troops. Was 
 elected to the lower branch of the Legislature in 1865, and 
 again in 1866. Elected Attorney General in 1876 for four years 
 from January 1st, 1877. 
 
44 STATE OFFICEKS. 
 
 SUPEEIKTEN'DEIS'T OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 
 
 •John C. Scarborough was born in Wake county, September 
 21st, 1841. Served through the war, and graduated at Wake 
 Forest College in 1869. Was elected Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction in 1876 for four years from the 1st of January, 1877. 
 
 AUDITOR . 
 
 Samuel L. Love was born in Haywood county, August 25th, 
 1828. Graduated in Philadelphia Medical College in 1853. 
 Member of Gov. Bragg's council in 1854. Elected to the lower 
 branch of the Legislature in 1856, and was re-elected to the same 
 position until 1865. Was a member of the Convention of 1875. 
 Elected State Auditor for four years from the first day of Jan- 
 uary, 1877. 
 
 Private Secretary to the Governor — Lee S. Overman, of 
 Eowan county. 
 
 Cliief Clerk to Secretary of State — G. L. Dudley, of Xew 
 Hanover county. 
 
 Chief Clerk to Treasnrer — Donald W. Bain, of Wake county. 
 
 Teller — Thomas C. Worth, of Eandolph county. 
 
 Chief Clerk to Auditor — Andrew J. Partin, of Wake county. 
 
 Adjutant General — Johnstone Jones, of Burke county. 
 
 State Librarian — -Sherwood Haywood, of Wake county. 
 
 Keeper of Capital — J. McL. Turner, of Eowan county. 
 
 STATE GEOLOGIST. 
 
 W. C . Kerr, of Orange county. 
 
 governor's council. 
 
 Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor and Superiutendont of 
 Public Instruction. 
 
MEMBEES OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 
 
 45 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CARO- 
 LINA, 187 J. 
 
 :pitt— E A Moye, d. 
 
 Wilson, Nash and Franklin — W S 
 Harris, d., R W King, d. 
 
 Jones, Onslow and Carteret — John 
 W Shackelford, d. 
 
 Wayne and Duplin — W T Dortch, 
 d., J A Bryan, d. 
 
 New Hanover and Pender — R K 
 Bryan, d. 
 
 Bladen and Brunswick — AsaRoss,r 
 
 Sampson — Robinson Ward, r. 
 
 Columbus and Robeson — D P Mc- 
 Eachern, d. 
 
 Cujaiberland and Harnett — Neill S 
 StewaT-t, d. 
 
 Johnston— L R Waddell, d. 
 
 Wake — George H Snow, d. 
 
 Warren — Isaac Alstpn, (col. ) r. 
 
 Granville — E E Lyon, d. 
 
 Chatham— A H Merritt, d. 
 
 Rockingham — J P Uillard, d. 
 
 Alamance and Guilford — J I Scales 
 d., David F Caldwell, d. 
 
 Rutherford and Polk — J B Eaves, r 
 
 Richmond and Montgomery — Geo. 
 A Graham, r. 
 
 Anson and Union — Culpepper 
 Austin, d. 
 
 Cabarrus and Stanly — J M Red- 
 wine, d. 
 
 Mecklenburg — S B Alexander, d. 
 
 Rowan and Davie — John S Hen- 
 derson, d. 
 
 Catawba and Lincoln — W A Gra- 
 ham, d. 
 
 Iredell, Wilkes and Alexander — T 
 A Nicholson, d., J P Matheson, d. 
 
 Cleaveland and Gaston-L J Hoyle,d 
 
 Buncombe and Madison — T F Da- 
 vidson, d. 
 
 Jackson, Swain, Macon, Cherokee, 
 Clay and Graham — James L Rob- 
 inson, d. 
 
 Haywood, Henderson and Tran- 
 sylvania— T W Taylor, d. 
 
 Orange, Person and Caswell — Geo 
 
 Williamson, d., Giles Mebane, d. 
 
 Greene and Lenoir — W P Or- 
 mond, r, 
 
 Tyrrell, Washington, Martin, Beau- 
 fort, Pamlico, Dare and Hyde — 
 J T Waldo, d., J. T. Respass, d. 
 
 Bertie and Northampton — Geo. D 
 
 Eoleman, r. 
 
 Halifax — Henry Eppes, (col.), r. 
 
 Craven — Edward Bull, r. 
 
 Davidson — J M Leach, d. 
 
 Stokes and Forsythe — George B 
 Everett, r. 
 
 Surry and Yadkin — J M Brower, r. 
 
 Alleghany, Ashe and Watauga — 
 Jesse Bledsoe, d. 
 
 Caldwell, Burke, McDowell, Mitch- 
 ell and Yancey — A M Erwin, d. , 
 J G Bynum, d. 
 
 Currituck, Camden,- Pasquotank, 
 Hertford, Gates, Chowan and 
 Perquimans — Rufus White, r., 
 Geo H Mitchell, r. 
 
 Edgecombe — Willis Bunn, (col- 
 ored) r. 
 
 Moore an^i Randolph — W M 
 Black, r. 
 
 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE?. 
 
 Alamance — B F Mebane, d. 
 Alexander — J M Carson, d. 
 Alleghany — E L Vaughan, d. 
 Anson — J A Lockhart, d. 
 Ashe — Ed Foster, d. 
 Beaufort — J C Osborne, r. 
 Bertie — Wm C Etheridge, c\ 
 Bladen — John Newell, (col. J r. 
 
 Brunswick — A C Meares, d. 
 Buncombe — Natt Atkinson, d., M 
 
 E Carter, d. 
 Burke — B A Berry, d. 
 Cabarrus — W H Orchard, d. 
 Caldwell — Edmund Jones, d. 
 Camden — S B Forbes, d. 
 Carteret — AH Chad wick, d. 
 
46 
 
 MEMBEES OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 
 
 Caswell — Wilson Gary, (col.) r., 
 Thos Harrison, r. 
 
 Catawba — R B Davis, d. 
 
 Cliatliam — J M Moring, d.. J J 
 Golds 'on d. 
 
 Cherokee — Robert Bruce, r. 
 
 Chowan — H H Hobbs, r. 
 
 Clay — J S Anderson, d. 
 
 Cleaveland — L E Powers, d, 
 
 Columbus — V V Richardson d. 
 
 Craven— W E Clarke, r., W D Pet- 
 tifer, r. 
 
 Cumberland — T S Lutterloh, r.. J 
 C. Blocker, r. 
 
 Currituck — J M Woodhouse, d. 
 
 Dare — J L Fulclier, d. 
 
 Davidso — Julian Miller, r., G 
 Fianklin Smith, d. 
 
 Davie — F M J hnson, d. 
 
 Duplin — G W Lamb, d., A S Col- 
 well, d. 
 
 Edgecornbf— Clinton Batile, (col.) 
 r. Dred Wimherly, (col.) r. 
 
 Forsytlie — VV A Lourie, r. 
 
 Franklin— C M Cooke, d. 
 
 Gaston— Harley Huft'sfetler, d. 
 
 Gatps — J J Gatling, d. 
 
 Graham * 
 
 Gr^iuviHe — J E Burroughs, d.. 
 Rufus Amis, d. 
 
 Greene — .Joseph Dixon, r. 
 
 Guilford- C J Wheeler, d., J A 
 McLean, d. 
 
 Halifax — J A White, r., John Rey- 
 nolds. ("0 .) r. 
 
 Harnett— C H Coffield, d. 
 
 Haywood — F M Davis, d. 
 
 Hendeison — A J Bird, r. 
 
 Hertford — J J Horton, r. 
 
 Hyde — Thomas P Bonner, d. 
 
 Iredfcli— J R jVlcCorkle, d., J D 
 Click, d. 
 
 Jackson F H Leatherwood, d. 
 
 Johnston — E A Bizzell, d., B J 
 Holt, d. 
 
 Jones — C D Foy, r. 
 
 Lenoir — W W Dunn, r. 
 
 Line ?ln— B C Cobb, d. 
 
 Mafou— Jdlm Ridd, d. 
 
 Madison — B F Davis, r. 
 
 Martin— I'^ B Fagan, d. :|: 
 
 McDowell— J T Reid, d. 
 
 Mecklenburg — John L Brown, d., 
 
 W E A 1 drey. d. 
 Mitchell — Samuel Blalock. d. 
 Vlontgome .y - W T H Ewing, r. 
 ^vtooi-e — N'^iU Lf-ach d 
 Nash — G N Lewis, d. 
 New Hanover- H E Scntt, r., W H 
 
 Waddell, (col.) r. 
 Northampton — J W Grant, d. 
 O'slow-CS Hewitt, d. 
 Orange — M A Acgier, d., Josiah 
 
 Turner, ind. detu. 
 Patnlico. t 
 
 Pasqnota' k — Hugh Cale. (col.) r. 
 Pender Thomas J ArujstroniJ, d. 
 Perquirr ans — J W Blai dell, r. 
 Person — Montford McGee, d. 
 Pitt — D C Moore, d., Germain Ber- 
 nard, d. 
 Polk— Ne>bit Dim«dale, r. 
 Rauuolpii— N U Ejgiish. d., C H 
 
 Bi'gham, r. 
 Richmoiid — D M Henderson, r. 
 Koi»tsoii— A Oliver, d., R M 
 
 Norment, r. 
 aockinghain— TL Rawley, d., Wm 
 
 K Liudsay, d. 
 Rowan — H C Bosr, d., David Bar- 
 
 ritmer, d. 
 Rutherford — Nathan Young, d, 
 Samps' n — L R V arroll, d., J C 
 
 Hioes, d. 
 Stanly — Daniel Ritchey, d. 
 Stokes — Squire Venable, r. 
 Surry — N P Foard, d. 
 Swain — T D Bry.von, d. 
 Transylvania — J H Paxton, d. 
 Tya-ell— W G Melson d. 
 Union — D A Covington, d 
 Wake— W E Richardson, d., R W 
 
 Wynne, r , S ewaxt Ellison (col. "I 
 
 r. . J J Ferrell, r. 
 Warren — L T Christmas, r., Haw- 
 kins Carter, (col.) r. 
 Washington — S L Johnston, r. 
 Watauga — W B Council, d. 
 Wayne— G Buchan, d., W A 
 
 Deans, r. 
 Wilkes— Tj're York. d.. L Harrell,d 
 Wilson— J M Ta}lor. d 
 \ adkin — R R Brown, r. 
 Yancey— D G Carter, d. 
 
 ^Graham county votes with Cuerokee county. 
 tPamlico coauty votes with Beaufort county. 
 J Since dead, and Robertson elected to fill vacancy. 
 
CHAPTEK IV. 
 
 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 ALAMANCE COUNTY. 
 
 Alamance county was erected in 1848 out of Orange county. 
 Perives it name from Alamance Creek, made famous in early 
 history by a battle on its banks between the Royalists under 
 William Tryon, and the Regulators, under Herman Husbands, 
 and others. 
 
 This county belongs to the Middle section of the State. 
 County town — Graham,, on the North Carolina railroad, 54 
 miles west of Raleigh. 
 
 Surface gently undulating; soil, clay and sand. 
 Prolucts : Corn, wheat, rye, oats, tobacco, cotton, peas, mil- 
 let, clover and other grasses, potatoes, turnips and a great vari- 
 ety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, cherries, berries and 
 apricots. 
 
 Timbers : Hickory, poplar and several varieties of oak. 
 Minerals : Copper is known to exist in this county, and min- 
 eral springs, particularly of sulphur and iron. 
 
 . Land listed in 1877: 223,771 acres; value ox land and town 
 lots, 11,096,405. 
 
 Public schools : White 38, colored 18. • In addition there are 
 Graham Male and Female High School; Graham School, male 
 and female, Pleasant Lodge Male Academy, Oak Dale Acade- 
 my, Sylvan Academy. 
 
 ^Manufactures: Shops of the North Carolina R. R. Co., 
 at Company Shops — four establishments for making furniture 
 and water wheels. Mill gearing and Threshing Machines made 
 at Snow Camp. 
 
 *Not enumerated in the Table of Industries. Where manufactures, schools, 
 minerals, &c., are omitted they were not reported by special correspondents. 
 ■Correction* are earnestly solicited, that any future edition may be perfected. 
 
48 COUNTIES OF NOKTH CAEOLINA. 
 
 Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture: D 
 W. Kerr, Haw •Elver. 
 
 ALEXAISTDEE COUKTY 
 
 Was erected in 184G, and bears the honored name that stands 
 ©nt so prominently in the history of the State, especially in the 
 strnggie for American Independence. 
 
 This county lies on the western border of the Middle Divis- 
 ion, about midway between the northern and southern bounda- 
 ries of the State. Taylorsville, its capital, is 150 miles west of 
 Raleigh. 
 
 Surface: Hilly, and soil light sandy and clay. 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, flax, peas, sor- 
 ghum cane, the grasses, potatoes and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 * Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes and berries. 
 
 Timbers : Several varieties of oak, hickory and white pine. 
 
 Mi7ierals and Medicinal Springs : Iron, gold, mica, copper 
 and plumbago, and twelve springs — iron and sulphur. 
 
 Lands listed in 1878 : 154,045 acres; value of land and town 
 lots, 1397,762. 
 
 Public Schools : White, 64; colored, 8. 
 
 Special correspo7idents of the Department of AgrictiUure : W. 
 W. Grryder, Cedar Run; J. P. Matheson, Taylorsville. 
 
 ALLEGHANY COUNTY. 
 
 Erected in 1859 from a portion of Ashe county, and derives 
 its name from the range of mountains in which it is located. It 
 is in the Western Division of the State; is one of the northera. 
 border counties, adjoining Virginia. Its capital is Gap Civil, 
 about 175 miles northwest from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Hilly and monntainous, and the soil is sand, clay. 
 
 Products : Corn, oats, wheat, buckwheat, rye and hay. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, pears, cherries, plums and berries. 
 
 ♦This interest is receiving more attention each year throughout the State. 
 
COUNTIES OF NOETII CAROLINA. 49 
 
 Timbers : Oak, chestimt, poplar, pine and maple. 
 
 Minerals and medicinal S237'ings : Gold, copp'ei', plumbago 
 and iron, with one sulphur spring. 
 
 Land listed in 1877 '■ 122,990 acres; value of land and town 
 lots $274,264. 
 
 Public schools: "White, 30; colored, 4. In addition there are 
 Sparta Male and Female High School, and Laurel Springs High 
 School. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : D. 
 C. Jones, Scottville. 
 
 Aisrsoisr COUNTY 
 
 Was erected in 1749, and derives its name from Admiral 
 Anson, the celebrated Circumnavigator. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, and is one of the South- 
 ern border counties, adjoining South Carolina. 
 
 Wadesboro, the county seat, is 143 miles southwest of Raleigh, 
 and was named in compliment to Thos. Wade, Colonel of the 
 Minute men n Saliisbury District in 1775. 
 
 Surface: Undulating, hilly, with grey soil, and red clay. 
 
 Products : Cotton, tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, rye, millet, 
 clover and other grasses, sorghum cane, potatoes, turnips, and 
 all the vegetables produced in this climate. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, plums, strawberries, grapes, 
 cherries and other small fruits. 
 
 Tindj&rs : Pine, oak, hickory, poplar, gum, ash, beech, birch, 
 maple. 
 
 Minerals and Medinal Spring: Gold and iron, andseveral 
 iron springs. 
 
 'Land listed in 1877: 320,308 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1776,295. 
 
 Public schools : White, 15; colored, 18. In addition there are 
 good schools in operation at Lilesville, Cairo, Polkton, Anson- 
 , ville, Wadesboro, Bethel, and White's Store. 
 
 Manufactures : Several establishments for making wagonig, 
 lauggies, shoes and saddlery. 
 
 Speci.d correspondents of th» Depi'rtment of Agriculture: H. 
 W. Ledbotter, Wadesboro; John Robinson, Wadesboro. 
 4 
 
50 COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 
 
 ASHE COUNTY 
 
 Was formed iu 1799, from a portion of Wilkes Coiuitv, and 
 was named in honor of Grovernor Samuel Ashe. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, lying in the extreme 
 northwest corner of the State, and is bounded on the noi-th bj 
 the Virginia, and west by the Tennessee line. 
 
 Its capital is Jefferson, and is 202 miles northwest from 
 Ealeigh. 
 
 y^arf ice : Hilly and mountainous, and soil clay, loam. 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, rye, oats, hay, buckwheat, and very 
 fine vegetables. 
 
 Fruit : Apples, cherries, grapes, berries. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, hickory, walnut, sugar maple, poi)la.r. 
 cucumber. 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 245,594 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots 1518,205. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 7G; colored, 5. 
 
 Specicd correspondents of the Department of Agriculture. 
 Geo. H. Hamilton, Beaver Creek; Thos. C. Worth. North 
 Fork. 
 
 BEAUFORT COUNTY 
 
 Was formed from Bath County in 1741, and takes its name 
 from Henry, Duke of Beaufort, one of the Lords Pro])rietors 
 who surrendered their rights in 1729 to the English Crown. 
 
 This county belongs to the Eastern Division, lies on the Pam- 
 lico Sound, and of our coast counties occupies about a central 
 position between South Carolina and Virginia. 
 
 The Count}'^ town is Washington, on the Pamlico Hiver, 127 
 miles south east of Raleigh. 
 
 Surface: Level, with sandy allavial soil, very productive. 
 
 Products: Cotton, corn, peas, potatoes, rice, pe;inuts, and 
 grass. 
 
 Fruits: Peaches, apples, plums, grapes and l)en-ios and 
 melons. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, oak, cypress, juniper, gum. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 51 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 265,315 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 11,154,889. 
 
 PuMic Schools : White, 46 ; colored, 25. 
 
 Mannfactures : Qnite a number of large lumber mills : large 
 establishment for manufacturing wooden spools, also one for 
 making tile for underdraining. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : 
 Thomas H. Blount, Washington; W. H. Cunningham, Aurora. 
 
 BERTIE COUKTY 
 
 Was formed in 1722, from Albemarle county, and takes its 
 name from James and John Bertie, who surrendered their 
 proprietary rights to the English Crown in 1729. 
 
 This county belongs to the Eastern Division, and lies at the 
 head of Albemarle Sound, and its whole southern boundary is 
 •marked by the Roanoke river. 
 
 The county town is Windsor, situated on the Oashie river — a 
 navigable stream — distance from Raleigh about 100 miles, a 
 little north of east. 
 
 Surface : Level, with light, loamy and rich alluvial soil. 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes and native grasses, 
 •and early vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, grapes, melons and strawberries. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, oak, cypress, juniper, ash and gum. 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 346,560 acres. Vakie of land and town 
 lots, $984,441. 
 
 PuMic Schools: White, — ; colored, — ; and Windsor male and 
 female High School. 
 
 Manufactures : Harden Manufacturing Co. is erecting a large 
 -cotton factory, to be operated with the " Clement Attachment," 
 •also G-rist Mills in connection. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : Dun- 
 oan C. WiuiLon, Windsor; J. H. Mitchell, Aulauder. 
 
 BLADEISr COUN"TY 
 
 Was formed in 1734, from New Hanover county, and was 
 
52 COUNTIES OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 
 
 named in honor of Martin Bladen, one of the Lords Conjmis- 
 sioners of Trades and Plantations. 
 
 This county belongs to the Eastern Division, lying in the 
 southeastern portion of the State; its full length being traversed 
 by the Cape Fear river. 
 
 The county town is Elizabethtown, situated on the bank of 
 the Cape Fear river, 99 miles southeast of Ealeigh. 
 
 Surface : Slightly undulating, with sandy loam and clay soils.. 
 
 Produds : Corn, cotton, rye, oats, peas, potatoes, and a great 
 variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, bejTies, melons. 
 
 Timlers: Pine, oak, cypress, ash, gum. 
 
 La7id listed in IS'1'7 : 450,741 acres. Value of land and town- 
 lots, $802,964. 
 
 PuMic Schools: White, 33; colored, 36. 
 
 Corresponde'iits of the DejKirim'mt of Agriculture : J. Stewart. 
 Devaue, BrinKland ; J, W. Purdie, White Oak. 
 
 y BRUNSWICK COUNTY 
 
 W^as formed in 1764, from the counties of Bladen and ISievr 
 Hanover, and takes its name fiom the Prince of Brunswick.. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, and is situated in th? ex* 
 treme southeastern coiner of the State. 
 
 The county town, Smithville, is situated near the mouth of 
 the Cape Fear nver, and 173 miles from Ealeigh. 
 
 Surface : Level, with sand and clay soil. 
 
 Products: Cotton, corn, peanuts, potatoes, peas, rice and 
 early vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes and stravvl erries. 
 
 Timlers: Pine, juniper, cyjiress, cedar, live oak, ash. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 305,779 acres. Value of land and towifc 
 lots, ^577,180. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 36 ; colored, 17. 
 
 Special correspondent:^ of the Depurt7nent of Agriculture: Johu» 
 ¥. Bennett, Town Creek ; A. Willard, Smithville. 
 
COUNTIES OF NOKTH CAKOLINA. SB 
 
 BUlNrCOMBE COUN'TY 
 
 Was formed in 1791, from Bnrke and Rutherford counties, 
 nnd was named in honor of Col. Edward Buncombe, who was 
 •Colonel of the 5th Regiment of troops from this State in the 
 ■Continental Army. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, being situated immediatt- 
 ly west of the Blue Ridge. 
 
 The county town is Asheville, on the Western N. C. R. R., 
 and French Broad River, and was named in honor of Grovernor 
 8amuel Ashe, of New Hanover. It was first called Morris- 
 town. 
 
 Surface : Hilly and mountainous, with rich dark loamy, and 
 'day soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, sorghum cane, 
 buckwheat and all cultivated grasses, with a variety of vege- 
 tables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, grapes, pears and berries to great 
 perfection. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, pine, walnut, white pine, poplar, hickory. 
 
 Minerals : M^'ca and several valuable minerals known to -exist, 
 with two sulphur, and numerous iron springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 336,906 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $1,413,654. 
 
 Public SclwoU: White, 62; colored, 14] in addition there are 
 Candler College, Weaverville College, and Asheville High 
 School; all for male and female. Asheville Male High School. 
 
 Manufactures : At Glencoe is an establishment for making 
 ■shingles, laths, &c., and for the manufacture of furniture. 
 
 Special correspondents of tlie Department of Agriculture : S. 
 ■C. Shelton, Asheville; S. B. Gudger, Homing Creek. 
 
 BUEKB COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1777, from Rowan county, and named in 
 'honor of the great English statesman and orator, Edmund 
 J3urke. 
 
54 COUA^TIES OF NOETII CAROLINA. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division and lies on the eastern 
 slope of the Blue Eidge. 
 
 Its county town is Morganton, named in honor of General 
 Daniel Morgan, of the Eevoliition, and is on the Western X. C. 
 E. E., 197 miles west of Baleigh. 
 
 Surface : Hilly and monntainons, with da.rk loamy, and elaj" 
 soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, wdieat, rye, oats, buckwheat, tobacco, i)ota- 
 toes, sorghum cane, and all the cultivated grasses. 
 
 Fruits: A2:)ples, peaches, pears, melons, grapes and berries.. 
 
 Timt)ers : Oak, pine, walnut, white pine, liickory, chestnut, 
 ash. 
 
 Minerals : Plumbago, mica, iron and gold, with sulphur aiul 
 alum springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 213,813 acres. Value of land and town, 
 lots, 1588,242. 
 
 HuJylic Schools: ^Nhiie, 'i-2; colored, 12. .In addition there 
 are Eutherford College (male and fenuile) and Table Eock 
 Seminary. 
 
 B])ecial correspondents of tlie Department of AgricnJtxre : J. 
 P. Patterson. Morganton; C. F. McKesson, Morganton. 
 
 CABARRUS COUNTY 
 
 W^as formed in 1792, from Mecklenburg county, and was 
 named in honor of Stephen Cabarrus, who served several terni;^ 
 in the Legislature from Chov/an county, and was elected 
 Speaker. 
 
 It belongs to the JVIiddle Division, and is situated in thesoutli- 
 western portion of the State. 
 
 Its county town is Concord, on the North Caroliiui Eailrt)ad. 
 139 miles from Ealeigh. 
 
 Surface: Undulating, with sandy gray, .and mulfttto soils. 
 
 Products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, peas, tobacco, 
 sorghum cane, ai^d all the culti-\ ated grasses, and a variety of 
 vegetables in great perfection. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, })lui)is. grapes, IttTries. 
 melons. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLIXA. 55 
 
 Timbers : Ouk, Avalnut, ask, popkir, cedar, hickory, beech,, 
 maple. 
 
 Minerals : Iron, gold and silver, with one magnesia, one sul- 
 jilinr and two iron springs. 
 
 Land lided in 1877: 323,220 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $1,444,964. 
 
 Public Schools : White, 54; colored, 31. In addition there are 
 JSTorth Carolina College; Concord Male School; Rocky River 
 Academy; Mt. Pleasant Female Seminary; Scotia Seminary 
 (colored) and Concord Female School. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : 
 Ervin Harris, Concord; Columbus Mills, Concord. 
 
 CALDWELL COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1841, from the counties of Burke and Wilkes, 
 and was named in compliment to Dr. Joseph Caldwell, who was 
 President of the State University. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division; is situated in the north- 
 western portion of the State. 
 
 Its county town is Lenoir, 200 miles northwest from Raleigh, 
 and is the present terminus of a projected Narrow Gauge Rail- 
 way from Chester, South Carolina. 
 
 Surface : Hill}^ and mountainous, Avith dark and gray loamy 
 soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, buckwlieat, peas, rice, to- 
 bacco, all the cultivated grasses and vegetables in great profu- 
 sion and perfection. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, apricots, plums, 
 cherries and berries. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, white pine, hickory, birch, ash, walnut and 
 chestnut. 
 
 Minerals: Gold, silver, copper, mica, iron, manganese, as- 
 bestos, with three sulphur, one magnesia and several iron 
 springs. 
 
 La7id listed in 1877: 274,803 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1558,513. 
 
56 COUNTIES OF XORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 PuUic Schools: White, 37; colored, 12. In addition there 
 are Pinley High School, Leneir High School, Hoovier Academy 
 and Kirkwood High School. 
 
 Sjject'al correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : John 
 M. Houck, Lenoir ; J. 0. Harper, Patterson ; A. A. Scroggs, 
 Lenoir. 
 
 CAMDEN" COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1777, from Pasquotank county, and was named 
 in honor of the Earl of Camden, who was a d istiugaished English 
 statesman, and who was removed from his position for his open 
 sympathy for, and manly advocacy of, the rights of the American 
 Colonists. 
 
 It belongs [to the Eastern Division, being situated in the 
 northeastern portion of the State, and on the north side of the 
 Albemarle Sound. 
 
 Its county town is Camden, on the Pasquotank river, nad is 
 about 222 miles northeast from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Level, with sandy loamy soil. 
 
 Products: Corn, oats, peas, potatoes, peanuts and grasses, 
 and vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, melons and berries. 
 
 Timbers : Pine, oak and gum. 
 
 Land listed in 1S77 : 107,551 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1309,023. 
 
 Public Schools : White, 15 ; colored, 9. 
 
 3fanufactures : At South Mills is an establishment for manu- 
 facturing corn husks into mattresses on a large scale. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agricidture : G 
 D. B. Pritchard, Shipyard ; D. D. Ferebee, South Mills. 
 
 CARTERET COUNTY 
 
 Was one of the original precincts of the Lords Proprietors 
 and was named in honor of one of them. Sir George Carteret. 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, lying in the extreme east- 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 57 
 
 ern portion of the State ; its whole eastern and southern shores 
 are washed by the Atlantic ocean. 
 
 The county town is Beaufort, 1G8 miles east of Raleigh, and 
 is naturally a very fine harbor. 
 
 Surface : Level, with sandy, loamy and clay soils. 
 
 Po'oducts : Corn, cotton, potatoes, peas, peanuts and th« 
 grasses and vegetables. 
 
 Friiits: Apples, j^eaches, pears, grapes, berries and melons. 
 
 Timhers : Pine, oak, cedar. 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 131,966 acres. Value of land and 
 town lots, $336,796. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 20; colored, 6. 
 
 Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture : W. 
 F. Ilowland, Beaufort. 
 
 CASWELL COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1777, from Orange county, and was named in 
 honor of Richard Caswell, the first Governor under the Consti- 
 tution of the State. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, and is on the northern 
 border of the State, adjoining Virginia. 
 
 Its county town is Yanceyville, 66 miles west of north of 
 Baleigh, and was so named as a compliment to Bartlett Yancey, 
 of that county. 
 
 Surface: TJndalating, with sandy, loamy and clay soils. 
 
 Products : Tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, grasses 
 :and vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, plums and berries. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, oak, hickory, walnut, jioplar and chestnut. 
 
 Minerals : Iron, alum, lithia, limestone and magnesia springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 258,474 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1941,410. 
 
 Public Schools : White, 26 ; colored, 42. 
 
 Specicd correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : Aza- 
 xiah Graves, Ashland ; Dr. N. M. Roan, Yanceyville. 
 
58 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 
 
 CATAWBA COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1842, from Lincoln county, and takes its name 
 from the bejuitiful river which forms its northern boundary. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, being situated at the base- 
 of the eastern slope of the ]31ue Ridge. 
 
 Newton, the county seat, is 175 miles west of Raleigh, is sit- 
 uated at the terminus of a branch of the Western N. C. Railroad, 
 and on the projected line of the Chester and Lenoir Narrow 
 Gauge Railroad. 
 
 Surface : Undulating, with red clay and grayish sand soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, potatoes, clover 
 and all the cultivated grasses, and a large variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, cherries, grapes, strawberries and 
 plums. 
 
 Timbers : Pine, oak, hickory, ash, chestnut, walnut, cherry. 
 
 Two sulphur, and many iron springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 249,133 acres. Value of land and 
 town lots, 11,178,829. 
 
 Public Schools : White, 54 ; colored, 16. Li addition there 
 are the Catawba High School, Hickory High School, Concordia 
 College and Newton Female Academy. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : W. 
 P. Rheinhardt, Hickory, 
 
 CHATHAM COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1770, and was named in honor of the great 
 orator and statesman, William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, and occupies a central ])08i- 
 tion in the State. 
 
 Pittsboro, the county town, is 34 miles Avest of south from 
 Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Undulating, with sandy, clay soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, Avheat, oats, rye, tobacco, ])otat()Cs- 
 jjeas, grasses and all vegetables. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLmA. 59 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaclies, pears, plums, cherries, melons and 
 berries. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, hickory, pine, gum and ash. 
 
 Minerals : Gold, iron, copper, coal, with several iron springs. 
 
 LandUsted in h77 : 451,387 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 11,482,499. 
 
 Piihlic Schools : White, 48 ; colored, 29. In additton there 
 are Locust Hill Academy and several other schools of high grade. 
 
 Manufactures : Snow Camp Foundry and Machine Shops, 
 established in 1830 ; have been operating uninteruptedly since. 
 The Fairmount Foundry and Machine Shops, established in 
 1837, been in successful operation since. The first bevel gearing 
 for mills and factories made in this State was cast at this 
 Foundry. 
 
 Special corresi)0)Hlents of tlie Dejiartment of Agriculture : IT. 
 A. London, Sr., Pittsboro ; R. James Powell. Pittsboro. 
 
 CHEROKEE COUKTY 
 
 Was formed in 1839 from Macon county. It takes its name 
 from the tribe of Indians once occupying its territory. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, situated in the extreme 
 southwestern corner of the State. 
 
 Murphy, the county town, is 367 miles west of Raleigh. 
 
 Surface .- Hilly and mountainous, with clay and loam soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, potatoes, the 
 grasses and a large variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Aj^ples, peaches, pears, melons, berries and the small 
 fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, liickorv, pine, poj^lar, Avalnut, chestnut, 
 cherry. 
 
 Minerals: Gold, silver, iron, lead, manganese, corxTntlum, 
 mica, marbles. 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 240,588 acres. Value of land andtoAvii 
 lots, 1395,927. 
 
 Public Schools : White, — ; colored, — . 
 
'60 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Special corresjjondent of the Department of Agriculture : 
 William Beal, Murphy. 
 
 CHOWA]Sr OOLTN"TY 
 
 Was one of the original precincts of the Lords Proprietors, 
 ■and takes its name from a tribe of Indians once occupying this 
 territory. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, lying on the north side of 
 the Albemarle Sound; its western boundary being marked by 
 the Chowan river. 
 
 Edenton, the county town, on the Albemarle Sound, was 
 named in honor of the Royal Groveruor, Charles Eden. It was 
 settled in 1716, and originally called Queen Anne's Creek. Dis- 
 tance from Raleigh about 150 miles. 
 
 Surface : Level, with sandy and rich alluvial soils. 
 
 Products: Cotton, corn, peas, peanuts and a variety of early 
 vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Pears, grapes, peaches, apples, melons, and the small 
 fi'uits. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, pine, hickory, juniper, cypress, ash. 
 
 Lcmd listed in 1877: 96,297 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $674,095. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 13; colored, 11. 
 
 Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture: W. 
 ■J. Webb, Edenton. 
 
 • CLAY COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1861, from Cherokee county, and was named 
 in honor of Henry Clay, of Kentucky. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, lying on the Georgia line. 
 
 Hayesville, the county town, is about 350 miles west from 
 Rileigh, and is called in honor of Geo. W. Hayes, who, for a 
 long period, represented Cherokee in the General Assembly. 
 
 Surface: Hilly and mountainous, with rich, loamy soil. 
 
COUNTIES OF NOKTH CAROLINA. 61 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, potatoes and 
 vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, cherries and the smaller- 
 fruits, 
 
 Tiinbers : Oak, chestnut, walnut, locust, hickory, poplar. 
 
 Minerals: Gold, copper, iron, mica, corundum. 
 
 Land Hated in 1877: 98,329 acres. Value of land ard town 
 lots, 196,263. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 14; colored, 1. In addition, Hayes- 
 ville Academy and several private schools are in a flourishiug 
 condition. 
 
 SpecUd corresjjo/ulcnt of the Department of Agriculture : AY.. 
 H. McClure, Hayesville. 
 
 CLEAYELAXD COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1841, from Lincoln and Eutherford counties, 
 and was ntimed in honor of Col. Benjamin Cleaveland, of 
 Wilkes, one of the officers commanding forces at the battle of 
 King's Mountain. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, lying in the southwestern 
 portion of the State, adjoining Spartanburg county, South 
 Carolina. 
 
 Shelby, the county town, is about 210 miles from Ealeigh, 
 and situated on the Carolina Central Railway; 
 
 Surface: Hilly and undulating, with gray and red clay, and 
 loam soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, oats, cotton, potatoes, rye, sOrghuni 
 cane, tobacco, vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, cherries, melons and 
 the sintill fruits. 
 
 Tinihers : Oiik, pine, hickory, chestnut, poplar. 
 
 Minerals: Iron and gold, with eleven sulphur and iron 
 springs. 
 
 Land listed ini^ll: 261,484 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, S930.987. 
 
 PiiUic Schools : White, 60; colored 14. 
 
m COUNTIES OF NOllTH OAROLmA. 
 
 Manufactures: The Carolina Manufacturing Co., located at 
 Shelby, makes sewing machines, steam engines, saw mills, mo- 
 lasses mills, and all kinds of gearing. Babington Foundry, 
 located at Shelby, manufactures horse-powers for threshers, 
 mill spindles, and castings of all kinds. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : J. 
 W. Garrett. King's Mountain ; Thomas Kendrick, Buifalo Pa- 
 per Mills. 
 
 COLUMBUS COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1808, from Bladen and Brunswick counties, 
 and derives its name from Christopher Columbus, who discov- 
 ered America in 1492. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, lying in the extreme south- 
 eastern portion of the State, adjoining South Carolina. 
 
 Whiteville, the county town, 125 miles from Raleigh, is situ- 
 ated on the Wilmington, Columbia and Augusta Railroad. 
 
 Surface: Level, with sandy, loamy soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes, peanuts, rice and a 
 variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, grapes, plums, cherries, figs, and 
 the small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, oak, cypress, juniper. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 548,682 acres. V^alue of land and town 
 lots, $992,195. 
 
 Public ScJiools : White, 67; colored, 33. In addition to these, 
 are Whiteville Academy and several private schools. 
 
 Special correspondents of tlie Department of Agriculture : D. 
 S. Cowan, Robeson; M. M. Baldwin, Whiteville. 
 
 CRAVEJSr COUNTY 
 
 Was one of the original precincts of the Lords Proprietors, 
 and derived its name from William, Earl of Craven. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division of the State, its easteriv 
 boundary lying on the Pamlico Sound. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 63 
 
 New Berne, the county seat, is one of the oldest towns in the 
 State, and is situated at the confluence of the Neuse and Trent 
 rivers. Distance from Raleigh about 115 miles. 
 
 Surface. : Level, with sandy, loamy soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, peas, peanuts, potatoes, wheat, to- 
 ibacco, and a large variety of early vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, grapes, melons, berries and the 
 .small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Oak, pine, poplar, cypress, gum. 
 
 Land Listed in 1877: 315,251 acres. A'alue of land and 
 town lots, 11,483,202. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 15; colored, 22. I ii addition to these, 
 thereare the New Berne Academy and several private schools. 
 
 Manufactures : Wooden Plate Factory is turning out about 
 14,000 per day. 
 
 Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture : 
 lEnoch Wadsworth, New Berne. 
 
 CUMBERLAND COUjSTTY 
 
 Was formed in 1754, from Bladen, and was named in honor 
 of the Duke of Cumberland. It belongs to the Eastern Divis- 
 ion, being situated in the southeastern portion of the State, and 
 the Cape Fear river running through its territory from North 
 to South. Fayetteville, the county seat, is on the bank of the 
 Cape Fear, 60 miles from Raleigh. It was first called Camp- 
 bell town, then Cross Creek, then Fayetteville, in honor of Gen- 
 eral LaFayette. 
 
 Surfac': Slightly undulating, with sandy and rich alluvi il 
 soils. 
 
 Products : Cotton, corn, peas, peanuts, wheat, oats, rye, po- 
 tatoes, and the grasses. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries and 
 the small fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, pine, poplar, cypress, gum. 
 
 Land listed in 1877.- 498,143 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $1,427,618. 
 
04 COUNTIES OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 
 
 PuUic Schools: White, 39 ; colored, 20. In addition there 
 are a number of private schools, and the Fayetteville White 
 Graded School, with 400 pupils, and the Howard Colored Gra- 
 ded School, with 150 pupils. 
 
 Manufactures : Large buggy and carriage manufactory in 
 Fayetteville ; wagon and cart manufactory and furniture man- 
 ufacturing establishment ; also foundry and machine shop. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture .- 
 William Alderman, Fayetteville ; J. A. Worth, Fayetteville. 
 
 CURRITUCK COUNTY 
 
 Was one of the original precincts of the Lords Proprietors, 
 and derives its name from a tribe of Indians that once occupied 
 that territory. It belongs to the Eastern Division, being in the 
 extreme northeastern corner of the State, and bounded on the 
 north by the Virginia line, and on the east by the Atlantic 
 Ocean. The county seat, Currituck Court-house, is on the Cur- 
 rituck Sound, and 242 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Level, with sandy, loamy soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, oats, peas, peanuts, wheat, potatoes, melons 
 and vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, cranberries, blackberries and 
 other small fruits. 
 
 Timlers : Pine, cypress, gum, poplar, oak, juniper, cedar. 
 
 Land listed i?i 1877; 113,290 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $284,904. 
 
 PuUic Schools : White, 24 ; colored, 24. 
 
 Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture : 
 Wm. B. Shaw, Indian Town. 
 
 DARE COUKTY 
 
 Was formed in 1870, from the counties of Tyrrell, Hyde and 
 Currituck, and named in honor of Virginia Dare, the first white 
 ehild born on the American continent, that event having occur- 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 65 
 
 red oa Roanoke Island, now embraced within its limits. It 
 belongs to the Eastern Division, its eastern boundary being the 
 Atlantic Ocean. Manteo, the county town, is about 250 miles 
 from Raleigh, and derives its name from the Indian Chief, who 
 was first of his race to embrace the christian religion and receive 
 its ordinance, on the 13th of August, 1584. 
 
 Surface : Level, with sandy soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, peas, potatoes, native grasses and vegeta- 
 bles. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons and berries. 
 
 Timbers : Pine, oak, hickory, cypress, juniper. 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 139,950 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $117,310. 
 
 PuUic Scliools: White, 14; colored, 1. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of A.griruUvre : 
 Isaac C. Meeldn, Manteo. 
 
 DATIDSO]Sr COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1822 from Rowan county, and named' in honor 
 of Gen. Wm. Davidson of Revolutionary memory. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, being centrally located, and 
 is bounded on the south by the Yadkin river. 
 
 Lexington, the county town, is 117 miles from Raleigh, on 
 the North Carolina Railroad. 
 
 Surface : Hilly, undulating, with sandy and red clay soils. 
 
 Products : Wheat, corn, oats, tobacco, potatoes, all the cul- 
 tivated grasses and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, melons, grapes, berries and 
 other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, hickory, pine iand poplar. 
 
 Minerals .- Copper, Gold and Silver. 
 
 Land Listed in 1877 : 361,449 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots $1,473,358. 
 
 Public Schools : White, 82 ; colored, ,21. In addition there 
 are Yadkin College and Thomasville College, with a number of 
 private schools. 
 5 
 
66 COUNTIES OF x\OKTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Special cor respond!:' nt.< of the D('p(trhneN.l of Ajjyicnlturc : J. 
 A. Leach, Tliomasvilic. 
 
 DAVIE COL'NTY 
 
 Was formed in 183G, and was named in honor of Gen. W. 11. 
 Davie. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, is situated in the north- 
 western portion of the State, its east";rn boundary being tlie 
 Yadkin river. 
 
 Mocksville, its county seat, is 120 miles west of Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Hilly, undulating, with red clay and rich loamy 
 soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, rye, potatoes and a 
 variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, quince, cherries, 
 plums, melons, berries and other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, hickory, ash, gum, pine, poplar. 
 
 Minerals : Iron, copper and silver. 
 
 Land Listed in 1877 ; 1)8, 981 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots $774,359. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 33, colored 11. In addition the 
 Mocksville Male Academy, Mocksville Female Academy, Farm- 
 ington Male Academy, Smith G-rove Male Academy. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : W. 
 A. Clement, Mocksville. 
 
 DUPLIN COUXTY 
 
 Was formed in 1749 from New Hanuver county. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, lying in the southeastern 
 portion of the State. 
 
 Kenansville, the county town, is 79 miles from Raleigh, and 
 is called in honor of James Kenan, a General in the Revolution, 
 and for many years in 'the Legislature of our State. 
 "^Surface : Level with sandy and rich loamy and alluvial soiU. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 67 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, peas, peanuts, potatoes and a great 
 i^ariety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, grapes, melons, berries and the 
 ^sniall fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Pine, oak, poplar, hickory, ash. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 453,972 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $724,333. 
 
 Public ScJiools: White, 44; colored 33. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : W. 
 M. Kennedy, Magnolia; J. E. Gadsby, Mt. Olive. 
 
 EDGECOMBE COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1733, from Craven. Its name signifies " ?k 
 ■valley environed with hills." 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, being situated in the 
 Northeastern portion of the State. 
 
 Tarboro, the county seat, is 76 miles from Raleigh, on the 
 Tar river, (originally Tau, which, in the Indian tongue, means 
 ■^^River of Health.") 
 
 Surface : Slightly undulating, with gray loamy and alluvial 
 ijoils. 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, peas, potatoes and a 
 ,great variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries and 
 other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Pine, oak, hickory, ash, poplar, cypress, gum. 
 
 La7id listed in 1877: 311,827 acres. A^alue of land and town 
 lots, 13,113,374. 
 
 Public ScJiools : White, 28; colored, 44. 
 
 Manufactures : Large foundry at Tarboro, also one at Battle- 
 ■boro. A large establishment at Whitaker's for the manufacture 
 •of all kinds of building material, and also one for hollow wooden 
 ware. 
 
 Special correspojidents of tlie Department of Agriculture: 
 Mias Carr, Sparta; W. T. Cobb, Tarboro. 
 
68 COUNTIES OF NOETII CAROLINA. 
 
 FOESYTHE COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1848, from Stokes county, and was named in 
 honor of Col. Benjamin Forsythe, who represented Stokes in 
 the General Assembly, and who, as Captain, was killed in the 
 war of 1812, in Canada. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, being in the Northwestern 
 portion of the State. Its western boundary is the Yadkin river. 
 
 Winston, the county seat, is 110 miles from Raleigh, and 
 bears the name of Josej^h Winston, who rendered important 
 ■service in the revolution. 
 
 Surface : Undulating and hilly, with gray and red clay soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, potatoes and the 
 grasses, and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries, and 
 the other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Oak, hickory, walnut, pine, cedar, locust. 
 
 Minerals : Iron, rnanganese, with iron springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 216,209 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $1,377,720. 
 
 Puilic Schools : White, 55; colored, 15. In addition to these 
 are Winston Male Academy, Salem Male Academy, and Salem 
 Female College. 
 
 Sperfal correspondent of the Department of Agriculture: Geo.. 
 W. Hinshaw, Winston ; R. S. Linville, Beiew's Creek Mills. 
 
 FRAISTKLIE" COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1779, from a portion of Bute (noAV abolished), 
 and is named in honor of Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, and adjoins the county of 
 Wake, where is located the seat of government. 
 
 Louisburg, the county seat, is 39 miles Northeast of Raleigh. 
 
 Siirface: Level, undulating with sandy, loamy soils, and red 
 clay. 
 
 Product.'^ : Corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, oats, rye, and the 
 
 grasses. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 69 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, plums, melons, cher- 
 ries, with other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Pine, oak, hickory, walnut, gum, maple. 
 
 M/inerals : Iron, gold, with sulphur and iron springs. 
 
 Latid listed in 1877: 320,201 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $1,720,036. 
 
 Pul)lic Schools: White, 48; colored, 49. In addition to these 
 are Louisburg Male Academy and Louisburg Female College. 
 
 Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture : 
 A. 8. Perry, Louisburg; 0. L. Ellis, Louisburg. 
 
 GASTOlSr COUKTY 
 
 Was formed in 1846, from Lincoln county, and was named 
 in honor af William Gaston, an eminent Judge of our Suprame 
 Court. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, is situated on the South- 
 western border of the State adjoining South Carolina, and its 
 Eastern boundary is the Catawba river. 
 
 Dallas, the county seat, is about 175 miles from Raleigh, and 
 is called in honor of Ceo. M. Dallas, vice- President during 
 President Polk's administration. 
 
 Surface : Hilly, with sandy, grey and red clay soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, peas, potatoes, 
 the grasses, and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, ' peaehe", pears, grapes, melons, berries, 
 and other small fruits. 
 
 Timhers : Oak, pine, hickory. 
 
 Minercds: Gold, iron, barytes, manganese. 
 
 Land listed in 1-77: 219,541 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $1,007,699. 
 
 Public Schools : White, 45 ; colored, 20. In addition there 
 is Dallas Academy and other private schools. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : G. 
 F. Bason. Dallas; James H, White, Dallas; W. 0. Harralson, 
 Cherryville. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH OAHOLINA. 
 
 GATES COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1779, from Hertford, Chowan, and Perquim- 
 ans counties, and bears the name of General Horatio Gates, a 
 distinguished officer of the revohition. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, lying in the northeast 
 corner of the State, adjoining Virginia, its western boundary is- 
 Chowan river. 
 
 Gatesville, the county seat, is 167 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface: Level, with sandy, loamy and clay soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, peas, and 
 a variety of vegetables especially the early varieties. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, plums, cher- 
 ries, and other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Oak, pine, cypress, Juniper. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 177,415 acres. Value of land and town, 
 lots, 1439.971. 
 
 Public schools: White, — ; colored, — . 
 
 Special correspondent of the Department Agriculture: Bruce- 
 Smith, Gatesville. 
 
 GRAHAM COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1872, from a portion of Cherokee county, and 
 bears the name of William A. Graham, who was Governor of 
 the State in 1845. Secretary of the Navy under President Fill- 
 more, and filled many other high positions. He was distinguish- 
 ed for his ability, integrity, and spotless character. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, its northern boundary 
 being the Tennessee river and the Tennessee line. 
 
 Robinsville, the county seat, is about 350 miles from Raleigh^ 
 
 Surface : Mountainous, with sandy and dark loamy goils. 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, oats rye, buckwheat and the grasses. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, jjcars, berries and other small 
 fruits. 
 
 7)'i!il,>ers : Locust, chestnut, oak, cherry, walnut, ])ine^ 
 Linden. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 71 
 
 Minerals : Gold, copper, silver, lead, with minerals springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 169,020 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1113,334 
 
 Puhlic ScJwols: Wliite, 15; colored, 1. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of AyricuUurc : G. 
 B. Walker, Robinsyille. 
 
 GRANVILLE GOUjSTTY 
 
 Was formed in 1716 from Ecfgecombe, and was named in 
 honor of an English nobleman, Avho was created Earl of Gran- 
 ville, and held the land under a grant from Charles XL 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, situated in the northeastern, 
 2)ortion of the State, and adjoins Virginia. 
 
 Oxford, the county seat, is 36 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Undulating, with sandy and clay soils, varied. 
 
 Products : Tobacco, wheat, corn, ' oats, rye, grasses and & 
 variety of vegetables. 
 
 Frtiits : Apples, Peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries and a 
 variety of other small fruits. 
 
 Timiers : Pine, oak, hickory, ash, poplar. 
 
 Minerals : Iron gold, silver, with several mineral springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 427,705 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $1,987,663. 
 
 Puhlic Schools : White, 30; colored, 46. It addition there are 
 the Oxford Male Academy; the Horner Scb.ools, at Oxford and 
 Henderson; Oxford Female Academy v-ith several private schools 
 of high character. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : S. 
 H. Cannady, Wilton; E. H. Hicks, Oxford. 
 
 GREEXE COUXTY 
 
 Was originally a portion of Dol)bs county which was divided 
 in 1791 into Lenoir and Glasgow counties. 1799 the name of 
 Greene, was substituted for that of Glasgow, in honor of Gen. 
 Nathaniel Greene, one of the best and bravest of the American 
 officers in the Revolution. 
 
TZ COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, occupying a central posi- 
 tion in that Division. 
 
 Snow Hill, the county seat, is 89 miles east of Ealeigh. 
 
 Surface : Level, with sandy and loamy soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, peas, potatoes, 
 grasses, and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples peaches, pears, grapes, melons, plnms and 
 other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, oak, hickory,, ash, poplar. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 157,147 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1911,803. 
 
 PuUic Schoals: White, 17; colored, 20. In addition there 
 are the Lovejoy Academy, and the Hargrove Female Academy, 
 and other private schools. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Departmeni of Agriculture ; W. 
 P. Ormond, Hookerton; W. A. Darden, Speight's Bridge. 
 
 GUILFOED COUNTY 
 
 Was formed 1770 from Eowan and Orange counties, and was 
 named in honor of Lord North, who was created Earl of Guil- 
 ford. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division of the State. 
 
 Its county seat, the city of Greensboro, is 82 miles northwest of 
 Ealeigh and is situated at the junction of the North Carolina and 
 Eiclmiond and Danville and Western Eailroads, and was named 
 in honor of Gen. Nathanial Greene. 
 
 Surface : Hilly, undulating with sandy and red clay soils, 
 varied. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, tobacco, oats, rye, clover, and the 
 graspc-^, and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, (juinces, melons, plums, 
 cherries, and all fruits grown in this climate. 
 
 Timhers: Pine, oak, hickory, poplar. 
 
 Minerals: Iron, copper, gold, Kaoline, with a number of sul- 
 phur and iron springs. 
 
 Laud listed in 1877: 403,516 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, .1f?2. 491,352. 
 
 PvUic Schools: White, 81; colored, 26. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 73 
 
 Manufactures: At G-reesboro, two fonndries at wliicli are 
 made stoves, plows, mill gearing &c., also one near New Garden; 
 two establishments in Greensboro for the manufacture of spokes, 
 handles, in large quantities, one for rims for Avagons and buggies; 
 a large sash and blind factory; pottery, and at High Point a 
 spoke and handle factory; a spoke factory at Jamestown, also a 
 bone and plaster mill, and one at Oak Ridge. These goods are 
 shipped to all parts of the country. Rifle guns are made ex- 
 tensively in Jamestown, and are shipped south and west. 
 
 SpecAal corresponde}it)i of tlie Department of Agriculture: J. 
 W. Albright, Greensboro. 
 
 HALIFAX COUXTT 
 
 Was formed in 1758 from Edgecombe county, and was named 
 in honor of the Earl of Halifax, who was the first Lord of the 
 Board of Trades. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, and its eastern and north- 
 ern boundary is the Roanoke river. 
 
 Halifax, the county seat, is located on the west bank of the 
 Roanoke and also the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad. Dis- 
 tance from Raleigh 87 miles, 
 
 Surface: Level and undulating and with sandy and loamy 
 soils, varied. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, peas, 
 peanuts, clover and other grasses, and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, i^eaches, pears, grapes, cherries,plums, melons, 
 and a great variety of small fruits. 
 
 Tir)ibers: Pine, oak, hickory, poplar, maple, cypress, juniper. 
 
 Minerals: Iron, gold, copper; with several iron and sulphur 
 springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 419,122 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 12,004,878. 
 
 PuUic Schools: White, — ; colored, — . 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: F. 
 M. Garrett, Enfield; J. B. Neal, Scotland Neck; T. W. Harris, 
 Littleton; J. H. Whitaker, Enfield. 
 
74 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 HAENETT COUNTY. 
 
 Was formed in 1855 out of a portion of Cumberland county, 
 and was named in honor of Cornelius Harnett, a distinguished 
 leader in tlie Revolution. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, and lies south of Wake 
 county. It is full length is traversed by the Cape Fear river. 
 
 Lillington, the county seat, is about 28 miles from Raleigh, 
 on the Cape Fear river. 
 
 Surface : Level, and undulating with sandy soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, peas, potatoes and 
 a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, ]) ^ars, gni])es, melons and other 
 small fruits. 
 
 Twihers: Pine, oak, liick>)ry, A ;}i, p<)})!;n'. 
 
 Minerals: Iron, Avith several iron and sulphur springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 340,877 acres. Value of land and towit 
 lots, 1508,647. 
 
 PuUic ScliooU: Wliito, 33; colored, 23. In addition the 
 Lillington Academy, and other private schools. 
 
 Special co7'resp'iji(lent of tlte DepartviCJit of Agriculture: 
 Daniel McN. McKay, Averasbor;;. 
 
 IIAYAVOOI) COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1808, from Buncombe county, and named in 
 honor of John Haywood, who was for forty years (from 1787 to 
 1827) Treasurer of the State. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, its northern boundary 
 being the Tennessee line. 
 
 Waynesville, the county seat, is 294 miles west of Raleigh, and 
 on the projected line of the Western North Carolina Railroad. 
 
 Swrface: Hilly, mountainous with rich loam and clay soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, Avheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, potatoes, aud 
 the grasses, and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Friiit: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes. 
 
COUJ^^TIES OF NORTH GAEOLI^^A. 75 
 
 Timbers: Oak, chestnut, asli, hiclcoiy, walnut, locust, cherry, 
 poplar. 
 
 Minerals: Mica, gold, iron, with several springs. 
 
 Land Ustedin 1S7 7: 264,102 acres. Yalue of land and town 
 lots, 1449,222. 
 
 Public schools: White, 44; colored, 3. In addition Waynes- 
 ville Academy, Eichland Institute,. Pleasant High Academy, 
 Crab Tree High School, and Tine's Creek High School; all for 
 males and females. 
 
 Sjjecialcon'espondents of the Department of Afr cult tire: E. P. 
 Hyatt, Waynesville; A. J. Herren, Waynesville. 
 
 HEKDEuSOX COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1838, from Buncombe, and was named in 
 honor of Leonard Henderson, Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court in 1818. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, situated in the south wes- 
 tern portions of the State, adjoining South Carolina. 
 
 Hendersonville, the county seat, is 250 miles Avest of Ealeigh, 
 and situated on the Spartanburg and Asheville Railroad. 
 
 Surface: Hilly, mountainous, with sand, clay, loamy soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, and the 
 grasses. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, plums, cherries and small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Oak, pine, chestnut, vfalnut, poplar, ash, linden 
 hickory. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 197,209 acres. Yalue of land and town 
 'lots, $407,678. 
 
 Public schools: White, 45; colored, 11. In addition, Judson 
 Female College and Hendersonville High School. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Aijricvlfure: H. 
 T. Farmer, Flat Rock, W*. G. B. Morris, Blue Ei'dg-e. 
 
 HERTFOED OOUJS'TY 
 
 Was formed in 1759, from Ghovs'an, Bertie and Northampton 
 
76 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 counties, and was named in lionor of the Marquis of, Hertford 
 English Nobleman. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, being situated in the north- 
 east portion of the State, and adjoining Virginia. Its eastern 
 boundary is the Chowan river. 
 
 Winton, the county seat, is 155 miles from Raleigh, and is 
 located on the west bank of the Chowan river. 
 
 Surface : Level, with sandy, loamy and clay soils. 
 
 Producfs : Corn, cotton, wheat, peas, potatoes, and a great 
 variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, and the 
 •small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, cypress, oak, ash. 
 
 Lcmd listed in 1877: 207,118 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $720,897. 
 
 Fuhlic scliools: White, 26; colored, 35. In addition, a num- 
 ber of private schools. 
 
 Manufactures: Blinds, doors and sash, tobacco and lime are 
 manufactured in Winton. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agricidture: ^ . E. 
 Newsom, Winton; J. W. Mitchell, Pitch Landing. 
 
 HYDE COUNTY 
 
 Was one of the original precincts, and was named in honor of 
 of Edward Hyde, who was Governor of the Colony in 1711. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, being situated in the ex- 
 trem« eastern portion of the State. 
 
 SAvan Quarter, the county seat, is 203 miles from Releigh, and 
 is located on Swan Quarter Bay. 
 
 Surface: Level, with rich loamy and alluvial soil. 
 
 Products : Corn cotton, wheat, oats, peas, potatoes. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, plums and other small 
 fruits. 
 
 Timhers: Pine, cypress, gum, maple, holly, juniper, cedar, 
 oak. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 77 
 
 Land U&tecl in 1877: 1-20,815 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1370,745. 
 
 Public scliooh : White, 19; colored, 15. In addition, Male and 
 Female Academy at Fairfield. 
 
 Special correspoudent of tlie Department of Agriculture: Will.. 
 S. Carter, Fairfield. 
 
 IKEDBLL COUN^TY 
 
 Was formed in 1787, from Rowan county, and was uamed in 
 honor of James Iredell, Sr., Associate Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States. It belongs to the Middle Division, 
 and its western boundary is the Catawba river. StatesvilJe, the 
 county seat, is 145 miles west of Raleigh, located at the junc- 
 tion of the Westem North Carolina, and the Atlantic, Tennes- 
 see & Ohio Railroads. 
 
 Surface — Undulating, with grey, sandy and clay soils. 
 
 Products — Corn, cot^.on, tobicco, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, 
 the grasses and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits ~\.\)^]q3,, peaohes, pears, grapes, melons, plums, cher- 
 ries and the small fruits. 
 
 Timbers — Oak, hickory, pine, poplar. 
 
 Minerals — 
 
 Lands listed in 1877 : 356,445 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 11,394,036. 
 
 Public Schools : White, 89; colored, 38. In addition. Si- 
 monton Female College, Mooresville Male and Female Acade- 
 my, Statesville Male Academy, Cool Springs Academy, Olin 
 Male Academy, with a number of other private schools. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : J. 
 D. Click, Oak Forest ; J. A. Harris, Mooresville. 
 
 JACKSONT COUKTy 
 
 Was created in 1850, but not organized until 1852. It was 
 formed from parts of Macon and Haywood counties, and was- 
 named in honor of Andrew Jackson. 
 
78 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, and is bounded on the 
 «outh by the South Carolina line. 
 
 Webster, the county seat, is about 300 miles from Raleigh, 
 and called after Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts. 
 
 Surface: Mountainous, with clay and rich loamy soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, rye, wheat, oats, potatoes, hay, buckwheat 
 and vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, berries. 
 
 Timt)ers : Oak, chestnut, poplar, hickory, walnut. 
 
 Minerals : Cold, silver, graphite, asbestose, mica, copper. 
 
 Lands listed in 1S77 : 304,703 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1264,217. 
 
 PuUic Schools: White, 30; colored, 2, 
 
 S'pecial correspo7idents of the Department of Agriculture: D. 
 D. Davies, Cullowhee ; J. M. Zachary, Hamburg. 
 
 JOHNSTON COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1746, from Craven county, and was named in 
 honor of Gabriel Johnston, who was Royal Covernor at this 
 time. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division of the State, centrally sit- 
 uated, and is traversed its entire length by Neuse river. 
 
 Smithfield, the county seat, is on the Neuse river, 27 miles 
 from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Level, with sandy and rich loamy soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, peas, peanuts, and 
 a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, grapes, pears, melons and the small 
 fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, oak, hickory, ash, maple, gum. 
 
 Minerals : 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 477,093 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $1,305,288. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 56 ; colored, 27. In addition to these 
 there are Smithfield Male and Female High School, Claytoa 
 
COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 79 
 
 Male and Female High School, Selma Male and Female High 
 School, Archer Lodge Male and Female High School, and 
 Leachburg High School. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : A. 
 J. Heath, Smithfield ; B. A. Woodall, Sraithfield. 
 
 JONES COUNTY 
 
 Was formed m 1779, from Craven, and named in honor of 
 Willie Jones, who was a useful citizen and faithful representa- 
 tive. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, is traversed by Trent river, 
 and bounded on the East by Craven and Carteret counties. 
 
 Trenton, the county seat, is situated on the Trent river, and 
 is 129 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface: Level, with sandy, loamy soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, peas, wheat, oats, rye, rice, jjota- 
 toes and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, plums, grapes, strawberries 
 and the small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, oak, ash, birch, cypress, juniper, hickory, 
 poplar. 
 
 LandUsted in 1§77; 207,806 acres. Value of land and towa 
 lots, $§39,446. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 31; colored, 51. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: 
 James B. Stanly, Trenton ; Isaac Brown, Tuckahoe. 
 
 LENOIK COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1791, from a portion of Dobbs county, and 
 was named in honor of Gen. William Lenoir, of Wilkes county. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, is traversed by the Neuse 
 river, and bounded on the East by Jones and Craven counties. 
 
 Kinston, the county seat is located on the Neuse river and the 
 Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad, and is 80 miles from 
 Ealeigh. 
 
80 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Surface: Slightly undulating, with sandy, rich, loamy and 
 alluvial soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, rice, cotton, wheat, rye, oats, peas, potatoes, 
 and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Frit its: Apples, pea-ches, cherries, grapes, plums, strawhcr- 
 ries, and the other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Pine, oak, hickory, gum, cypress, ash, maple. 
 
 Land listed m 1877 : 234,221 acres. Value of land and 
 toAvnlots, 11,003,953. 
 
 PuUic Schools: White, 30; colored, 24. 
 
 Manufactures : Besides the Tobacco Factories, there are es- 
 tablishments for making plows, buggies and carriages. 
 
 Spec'icd correspondents of the De23artment of Agriculture : John 
 C. Wooten, Kinston; N. B. Whitfield, LaClrange. 
 
 LINCOLN COUNTY 
 
 Was originally a portion of Tryon county, so called after 
 William Tryon. the Royal Governor, but his tyrannical course 
 caused his name to be ignored in 1779, when that county was 
 divided into Lincoln and Rutherford counties. 
 
 It belongs to the W^estern Division, and was named in honor 
 of Benjamin Lincoln, who, at that time, was fighting the 
 British forces at Charleston, Its northern boundary is the 
 Catawba river. 
 
 Lincolnton, its county seat, is located on the Western Division 
 of the Carolina Central Railway, 172 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Undulating, with granitic and red clay soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, Avheat, oats, cotton, tobacco, peas, rye, and 
 a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, grapes, peaches, pears, and a variety of other 
 fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Oak, pine, hickory, chestnut, poplar, ash, walnut, 
 maple. 
 
 Minerals: Gold, iron, copper, mica, oil-stone, asbestos, with 
 lime and sulphur springs. 
 
COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLmA. 8X 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 191,791 aca-es. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1885,952. 
 
 FuMic Schools : White, — ; colored, — . In addition, are 
 the Eock Spring Seminary; Denver Seminary; Ironton Higli 
 School; Lincolnton Academy, Lincolnton High School. 
 
 Manufactures : Besides iron forges, there is an establishment 
 ior making an excellent chair. 
 
 Sj)ecial corresjjondent of the Department of Agriculture : W. 
 A. Graham, Iron Station; I. R. Self, Lincolnton. 
 
 M^C02sr COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1828, from Hajwood connty, and was named 
 in honor of Nathaniel Macon, of Warren, who was a distin- 
 ^•nished member of Congress in both brandies. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, its southern boundary is 
 the South Carolina line. 
 
 Franklin, its county seat, is 331 miles from Ealeigh, and is 
 located on Little Tennessee river. 
 
 Surface: Mountainous with clay and loamy soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, rye, oats, potatoes, buckwheat, grasses 
 .and vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, plums, cherries. 
 
 Timbers: Oak, Hickor^^ poplar^ cherry, buckeye, locust. 
 
 Minerals: Iron, Mica, corundum, copper, with a number of 
 iron springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 303,772 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1334,659. 
 
 Fuhlic schools: White, 33; colored, 5. And Smith's Bridge 
 High school. 
 
 Specicd correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: C. 
 D. Smith, Franklin; Albert Siler, Franklin. 
 
 MADISO:Nr COUN"TY 
 
 lYas formed in 1850, from Yancey and Buncombe counties, 
 6 
 
82 COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 
 
 a"id named in honor of James Madison, wlio was the fourtb 
 President of the United States. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, and located in the north- 
 western portion of the State, bonnded on the north by the Ten- 
 nessee line. 
 
 Marshall, the county seat, is about 250 miles from Raleigh.. 
 
 Surface: Hilly, mountainous, Avith clay and rich loamy 
 soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, tobacco, buckwheat, grasses and veg- 
 etables . 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, grapes, pears, berries and other small 
 fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Oak, pine, ash, poplar, hickory, birch, walnut __ 
 chestnut . 
 
 Minerals: Iron, Mica, with several warm springs of valuable- 
 medicinal properties. 
 
 Lcmd listed in 1877, 221,707 acres. Value of land and town-, 
 lots, 1343,058. 
 
 PuIjUc schools: White, 43; colored, 2. 
 
 Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture: J. J. 
 Gudger, Marshall. 
 
 MAETIN COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1774, from Halifax and Tyrell counties,'and 
 named in honor of Josiah Martin the last of the Colonial Gov- 
 ernors in our State. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, its northern boundary is the- 
 Eoanoke river. 
 
 Williamston, the county town, is located on the soutl^ bank 
 of Roanoke river, 140 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Level, with sandy loamy soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes and a variety of veg- 
 etables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, grapes, berries, and other smuli 
 fruits. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH OAEOLINA 83 
 
 Timbers : Oak, pine, cypress, maple, birch. 
 
 Land listedin 1877: 261,136 acrts. Value of land and town 
 lots, $1,033,853. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 33; colored, 31. With two Male and 
 Eemale High Schools at Williamston, one at Hamilton, one'^at 
 Jamesyille, and one at Robersonville. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture .-"H. D. 
 Eoberson, Robersonville; J. B. Biggs, Williamston. 
 
 MCDOWELL COUNTY. 
 
 Was formed in 1842, from Burke and Rutherford counties, 
 and was named in honor of Col. Joseph McDowell. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, lying on the eastern slope 
 of the Blue Ridge. 
 
 Marion, the county seat, is on the Western North Carolina 
 Railroad, about 200 miles from Raleigh, and was called in honor 
 of Gen. Francis Marion, of South Carolina. 
 
 Surface : Mountainous, with clay and rich loamy soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, tobacco, oats, rye, potatoes, grasses, 
 and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, and berries. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, hickory, poplar, walnut, chestnut. 
 
 Minerals: Iron, copper, silver, mica, lead, with sulphur 
 springs. 
 
 Latid listed in 1877 : 222,276 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $409,443. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 42; colored, 10. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : 
 John S. Brown, Marion; S. J. Neal, Henry's. 
 
 MECKLENBURG COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1762, from Ar.son county, and was^ named in 
 honor of the new Queen. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, lying on the southern bor- 
 
84 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 der of tlie State ;idjoiiiing Soutli Carolina, and bounded on tlit? 
 west by Catawba river. 
 
 The city of Charlotte, the county seat, is the junction five of 
 railroads and is 174 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Undulating, with sandy, red clay and loamy soils. 
 
 Prodticts : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, grasses, 
 and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, plums, melons, cherries, ber- 
 ries and other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, pine, hickory, walnut, poplar, ash, locust. 
 
 Minerals: Twelve gold mines being worked. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 299,539 »cres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 13,184,120. 
 
 PuUic Schools : White, 65; colored, 39. With Macon High 
 School, Charlotte Female Institute, Riddle Institute, and a 
 number of private schools. 
 
 Manufactures : Foundries, carriage and wagon and fur- 
 niture establishments. 
 
 Special correspondents of tlie Department of Agriculture : R. B. 
 Caldwell, Charlotte; J. F. Johnston, Charlotte. 
 
 MITCHELL COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1861, from the counties ' McDowell, 
 
 Caldwell, Watauga and Yancey, an'^ was named in honor of 
 Eev. Eiisha Mitchell, D. D., for a number of years a Professor 
 in our State University, and who Avas accidentally killed in 
 making a scientific exploration of tho highest peak of the Black 
 mountains. His body was interred on the summit. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, is situated in the north- 
 western portion of the State and adjoins Tennessee. 
 
 Surface : Mountainous, with rich loamy soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, oats, rye, flax and the grasses. || 
 
 Fruits: Apples, pears, grapes. 
 
 Timbers: Poplar, oak, chestnut, walnut, ash. 
 
 Minerals: Iron, mica, manganese, plumbago. Asbestos, 
 kaolin, corundum, samarskite, gummite, pitchblende and min- 
 eral springs. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 85 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 174,326 acres. Yalue of land and town 
 lots, $122,480. 
 
 Public schools: White, 36; colored, 3. 
 
 Mamifactures : Cranberry and Rock Creek iron mines. 
 
 Special correspondent of tlie Department of Agriculture: S, 
 W. Blalock,- Ledger. 
 
 MONTGOMERY COUNTY 
 
 AVas formed in 1779, from Anson county, and was named in 
 honor of Gen. Richard Montgomery, a distinguished officer of 
 the Revolution, who fell at the battle of Quebec, December 
 31st, 1775. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, is situated in the south- 
 ern portion of the State, its western boundary is marked by the 
 Yadkin river. 
 
 Troy, the county seat, is 115 miles from Raleigh, and named 
 in honor of John B. Troy, and eminent attorney. 
 
 Surface: Hilly, undulating, with sandy and clay soil varied.. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum cane, po- 
 tatoes and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, grapes and 
 small fruits. 
 
 Minerals: Gold, copper, silver, iron, chalybeate and sulphur 
 springs. 
 
 Timbers: Oak, pine, hickory, ash. 
 
 Land listtd in 1877: 288,600 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $411,907- 
 
 Public Schools: White, 27; colored, 15. 
 
 Ma7mfacturef<: Several furniture, carriage and wagon manu- 
 factures. 
 
 Special correspondoits of the Department of Agriculture : 
 H. M. Scarborough, Mt. Gilead; C. W. Wooley, Mt. Gilead. 
 
 MOORE COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1784, from Cumberland county, and was nam- 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 ed in honor of Hon. Alfred Moore, one of the Associate Justices 
 of the United States Supreme Court. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, is situated in the southern 
 portion of the State. 
 
 Carthage, the county seat, is 79 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface: Undulating, with sandy and clay soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes and a va- 
 riety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, melons and a variety 
 of small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, oak, hickory. 
 
 Minerals'. Cold, copper, and very superior soapstone. 
 
 LaJid listed in 1877: 501, 455 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $828,720. 
 
 Fiiblic schools: White 54; colored, 36. 
 
 ti'pecial correspondents of the Departme7it of Ageiculture: 
 Wm. Arnold, Jonesboro; J. M. Edwards, Carthage. 
 
 JSTASH COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1777, from Edgcombe, and was named in 
 lionor cf Gen. Francis Nash, who that year fell in the liattle of 
 German toT/n. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, is situated in the western 
 portion of that Division. 
 
 Nashville, the county seat, is 44 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface: Level, undulating, with sandy and clay soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes, Avheat, oats, and veg- 
 etables. 
 
 Fr.." : ' ;;les, peaches, ]Dears, grapes, melons, and small 
 fruits. 
 
 Tlnibcrs: Pine, oak, cypress, gum, dogwood. 
 
 M/o3rals: Gald. 
 
 Laud listed in 1877: 327,528 acTCS. Value of \i\ivX and town 
 lots, 11,345,589. 
 
 rhools: White, 39; colored, 27. In addition, Casta- 
 i}', Stanhope Academy, and Battleboro Female 
 School. 
 
COUNTIES OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 87 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: N. 
 W. Bodclie,^:Nasliville, J. A. Harrison, Castalia; W. H. Hil- 
 liard, Jr., Battleboro; Thos. Westray, Stanhope. 
 
 NEW HANOVER 
 
 Was formed in 1728, and named in honor of the House of 
 Hanover. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, is situated in the south- 
 -east portion of the State; is bounded east by the Atlantic Ocean 
 -and west by the Cape Fear river. 
 
 Wilmington, the county seat, is 148 miles from Raleigh, is im- 
 mediately on the Cape Fear river, and was named in honor of the 
 Earl of Wilmington, and is rapidly growing in commercial im- 
 portance. It was originally called Newton. 
 
 Surface: Level, with sandy and alluvial soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, peas, peanuts, potatoes and a variety of veg- 
 •etables. 
 
 Fruits: Peaches, grapes, berries and other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, cypress, gum, live oak. 
 
 Lcmcl listed in 1877: 92,885 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $3,938,378. 
 
 Piiblic scliools: White, 8; colored, 11. In addition, Cape 
 Military Academy, Tiliston ISTormal School (male and female) 
 Hinton Male High School, Williston Normal School (colored). 
 
 Sp)ecial correspndents of the Department of Agriculture: 
 A. R. Black, Wilmington; Thomas F. Wood, Wilmington. 
 
 jr,- — - ■ -TTON" COUNTY. 
 
 Was formed in 174:1, from Bertie county, origin of its name 
 •anknov.ai. 
 
 It belongs to th: n, is situated in the north- 
 
 eastern part of the Stii ostern boundary being the 
 
 Roanoke river. 
 
 Jackson, the county ss'i'", i: :ibout 115 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 .ily loamy soils. 
 
88 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, cotton, peas, oats rye, and other 
 TBgetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, jiears, peaches, melons, berries and other 
 small frnits. 
 
 Timlers : Oak, pine,, hickory, ash, cypress. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 308,94:3 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots^ 11,469,485. 
 
 Public Schools: White, — ; colored — . Jackson High School.. 
 Seaborad High School, and Jackson Female High Sahool. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture r 
 "VVm. Grant, Jackson; W. P. Yick, Margeretsville; Wm. T.. 
 Peele, Eich Square. 
 
 ONSLOW COUNTY. 
 
 AVas formed in 1734, from J; New Hanover county, an d"^ was. 
 named in honor of Arthur Onslow, who at that time Avas speak- 
 er of the British House of Commons. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, is situated in the extreme 
 east and bounded on the east by Core sound, and the Atlantic 
 Ocean. 
 
 Jacksonville, the county seat (and formerly called Onslow) 
 is on New river 145 miles from Ealeigh. 
 
 Surface — Level, with sandy and alluvial soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, peas, peanuts, potatoes. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, scuppernong grapes, etc. 
 
 Timbers : Pine, oak, hickory, ash, juniper, cypress. 
 
 Land listed in 1^77 : 297,392 acres. Value of land and town* 
 lots, 1507,035. 
 
 Public ScJiools : White, 18; colored, 15. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : 
 Hill E. King, Stump Sound; S. B. Taylor, Catherine Lake. 
 
 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1751, from G-ranville, Johnston and Bladen 
 counties, av.is named in honor of the House of Orange. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 89 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, is situated in the central 
 portion of the State. 
 
 Hillsboro. the connty seat, is 40 miles west of Raleigh on the 
 North Carolina Railroad. It was first called Childshurg, but 
 was changed to its present name in honor of the Earl of Hills- 
 boro. 
 
 Surface : Undulating, with diversified soils of gray, sandy 
 and red clay. 
 
 Products : Corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, cotton, potatoes and 
 the grasses. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, and the 
 small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Oak, hickory, pine, walnut, poplar, maple, 
 gum. 
 
 Minerals : Iron, with traces of coal, mica and copper, with 
 eigth chalybeate and sulphur springs. 
 
 Lands listed in 1877 : 342,358 acres. Value of land and towa 
 lots, 11,464,330. 
 
 Public Scliools : White, 40; colored, 35. In addition Hughs 
 Academy, Caldwell Institute, Hillsboro Female High School, 
 with a number of other first class private schools. 
 
 Special corresjyondents of the Depai'tment of Agriculture .•• 
 J. Knox Hughs, Cedar Grove; J. H. Parish, Hillsboro. 
 
 PAMLICO COUISTTY. 
 
 Was formed in 1872, from Beaufort and Craven county, and 
 bears the name of the Sound on its eastern and southern border. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, being situated on the 
 Pamlico Sound. 
 
 Bayboro, the county seat, is about 200 miles from Raleigh, 
 located on Bay river, and takes its name from that stream. 
 
 Surface: Level, with sandy and rich alluvial soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, Tobacco, rice, peas, wheat, and a 
 variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, grapes, melons and the small fruits. 
 
90 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 
 
 Timiers: Pine poplai", ash, gum, oak, holly, beech. 
 
 Land listed in 1811 : 142,131 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $291,337. 
 
 Public scliools: White, 19; colored, 7. 
 
 Special corres]307idents of the Department of Agriculture : 
 W. T. Caho, Bay River; J. S. Lane, Stonewall. 
 
 PASQUOTANK COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1739, One of the original precincts, and takes 
 its name from a tribe of Indians who once occupied the ter- 
 ritory. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, is situated in the north- 
 east corner of the State, is bounded on the north by the Vir- 
 ginia line, and south by the Albemarle sound. 
 
 Elizabeth City, the county seat, is 215 miles from Raleigh, 
 and is located on Pasquotank river. 
 
 Surface: Level, with alluvial and sandy, soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, flax, oats, peas, potatoes, an da varie- 
 ty of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, and the small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Fine, oak, cypress, poplar, juniper, ash, gum. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 133,640 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1807.900. 
 
 Public sclujols: White, 18; colored, 13, with a number of pri- 
 vate schools. 
 
 Special Giji-i ■ ' ;is of (he Department Agriculture: C. W. 
 
 liollowell, Ei,,., . .., -ity. 
 
 PENDER COUNTY 
 
 Was f<u'med in 1875, f: :: Iljuiover county, and was 
 
 named in lioupr of Maj. (:^gii " Pender, of Edgecombe, 
 
 who was a distiiii^uisluul oHh'!.' ' . "'on federate army. 
 
 Itbeloiio;,s^ ndeibon the east by 
 
 the Atlantic ;a ...a, .i.uL w^at ny o^^ack river. 
 
 Burgaw, the county seat, is 112 miles from Raleigh. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 91 
 
 Surface : Level, with sandy, loamy soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, pea nuts, potatoes, rice. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, pears, grapes and vegetables. 
 
 Timhers : Pine, oak, hickory, ash, cypress, gum. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 337,887 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $877,031. 
 
 Puhlic schools : White, — ; colored, — . In addition there are 
 Rocky Point Academy and Herring's Chapel school. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : CI. Z. 
 French, RocKy Point; Daniel Shaw, ^ocky Point. 
 
 PEEQUIMANS COUNTY 
 
 Was the earliest settlement in North Carolina, and tal^es it's 
 name from a tribe of Indians once occupying that territory. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division of the State, being situated 
 in the northeastern part of the State — its southern boundary 
 being Albemarle Sound. 
 
 Hertford, the county seat, is 194 miles from Raleigh, and is 
 located on Pasquotank river. 
 
 Surface: Level, with sand and clay soils, varied. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes, melons and a v . ; l y 
 of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, grapes and a variety of snia-ii ^l ails. 
 
 Timhers : Pine, oak, ash, gum, poplar, hickory, maple, juni- 
 per and cypress. 
 
 Lamd listed in 1877: 144,501 acres. Value of lanv^ : \ ;ii 
 lots, $780,780. 
 
 PuUic Schools: White, 25; colored, 32. Also Perquimans 
 Academy, Hertford Academy, Belvedere Academy, (all for males 
 and females.) 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : 
 James Newbold, Wiufall. 
 
 PEESON COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1791, from Caswell count}', n _ ' jd 
 
 in honor of Gen. Thomas Person, of Granville county. 
 
92 COUNTIES OP NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division of the State, is situated on 
 the northern border of the State, being bounded on the north 
 by the Virginia line. 
 
 Roxboro, the county seat, is 54 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Undulating, with sandy loam and red clay soils. 
 
 Products : Tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, plums, berries and other 
 small fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Pine, poplar, ash, walnut, hickory. 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 233,296 acres. Value of land iindtowii 
 lots $754,925. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 27; colored, 27. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture^ 
 J. M. Barnett, Roxboro. 
 
 PITT COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1760, from Beaufort county, and named in 
 honor of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, and is centrally located 
 in that division, and is traverse 1 its full length by Tar river. 
 
 Grreenville, the county seat, is 1C2 miles from Raleigh, and is- 
 located on Tar river. 
 
 Stiff ace : Undulating, with sandy, loamy soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, peas, potatoes, rye, and 
 a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, plums, grapes, berries, and 
 other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Pine, oak, hickory, poplar, cypress, gum. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 359,607 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $1,599,788. 
 
 Public Schools : White, 26 ; colored, 30. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculturer 
 John King, Falkland; James Joyner, Marlboro. 
 
COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 93 
 
 POLIv COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1855, from Henderson and Rutherford conn- 
 ties, and was named in honor of CoL William Polk, of the 
 Revolution. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle D: vision, is situated in the extreme 
 southwestern portion of that division, and bounded on the 
 south by the South Carolin* line. 
 
 Columbus, the county seat, is about 220 miles from Ralei;;ii, 
 and was so called in honor of the discoverer of America. 
 
 Surface: Hilly, undulating, with loamy and clay soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, potatoes, grasses, 
 sorghum cane and vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, jDcars, grapes, berries, &c., to great 
 j)erfection, in the "Thermal Belt." 
 
 Timbers : Oak, pine, hickory, walnut and chestnut. 
 
 Minerals : Gold and iron, with several mineral springs. 
 Land listed in 1877: 137,344 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1351,697. 
 
 PuUic Schools : White, 21 ; colored, 9. 
 
 Special correspondents of the De2xirt?nent of Agriculture : L. 
 E. McAboy, Lynn. 
 
 EAISTDOLPH COU]S"TY 
 
 Was formed in 1779, from Guilford and Rowan counties, and 
 was named in honor of the Randolph family of Virginia. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, and is situated about the 
 center of the State. 
 
 Ashboro, the county seat, is 72 miles from Raleigh, and was 
 so called in honor of Governor Samuel Ashe. 
 
 Surface; Hilly, undulating, with sandy and clay soils, varied. 
 
 Products; Corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, peas, grasses and 
 a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits; Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, berries and other 
 small fruits. 
 
94 COUNTIES OF NOKTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Timbers; Oak, hickory, pine, poplar, walnut. 
 
 Minerals: Cold, silver, copper, iron, with several mineral 
 springs. 
 
 Land listed iti 1877: 469,848 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $1,394,517. 
 
 PuMic Schools: White, 82; colored, 22. Also Farmers 
 Academy, Bush Hill Academy, Franklinsville Academy, Mt. 
 >Shepard Academy, Ashboro Female Academy. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: M. 
 S. Eobbins, Ashboro; A. S. Horney, Franklinsville. 
 
 RICHMOND COUKTY 
 
 Was fornierl in 1779, from Anson, and was named in honor 
 of the Duke of Richmond, who was a zealous friend of the 
 American cause in the House of Lords. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, is one of the southern 
 border counties; is bounded on the south by the South Carolimv 
 line, and west by the Pee Dee river. 
 
 Rockingham, the county seat, is 105 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface; Level, undulating, with sandy and clay soils, varied.. 
 
 Products; Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes, wheat, oats, rye, and 
 a variety of vegetables . 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, plums, grapes, melons, ber- 
 ries, and other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Oak, pine, poplar, gum. 
 
 Latid listed in 1877 : 412,917 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $947,649. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 30; colored 49. Also Rockingham 
 Male and Female Academy, Spring Hill Academy, Ellerbee 
 Springs Academy, Caledonia Academy, Laurinburg Academy. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Dep)artment of Agriculture; J. T. 
 Bradley, Mangum; J. L. Cooley, Montpelier; J. W. Guthrie, 
 Rockingham. 
 
 ROBESOK COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1786, from Bladen county, and was named in 
 
COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 95 
 
 lionor of Colonel Robeson, who distinguished himself in the 
 battle of Elizabethtown in Jnly, 1781. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, is situated on the southern 
 border, the South Carolina line being its southern boundary _ 
 
 Lumberton, the county seat, is 93 miles from Raleigh, and is 
 located on Lumber river. 
 
 Surface; Level, with sandy and clay soils. 
 
 Products; Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes, and a variety of veg- 
 etables. 
 
 Fruits; Ap23les, peaches, pears, melons, grapes, berries, and 
 other small fruits. 
 
 Thiihers; Pine, oak, hickory, cyi3ress. 
 
 Land listed In 1877 ; 573,300 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 11,030,406. 
 
 Puhlic Schools; White, 53; colored, 38. Also, Ashpole Insti- 
 tute, Shoe Heel Institute. 
 
 Sjjecial corres^jondents'of the Be^Jartment of Agrictilture : D. P.. 
 McEachern, Shoe Heel. 
 
 ROCKIlsrGHAM COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1785, from Guilford county, and was named 
 in honor of C. W. Wentworth, Marquis of Rockingham — Pre- 
 mier of England — and a devoted friend of America. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, is situated on the northern 
 border, being bounded on the north by the Virginia line. 
 
 Wentworth, the county seat, is 116 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Hilly, undulating, with grey, sandy and clay soils, 
 varied. 
 
 Products : Tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes and a 
 a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, berries, 
 and other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers — Oak, hickory, pine. 
 
 Minerals: Coal, with a large number of iron springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 310,887 acres. Value of land and towii 
 Jots, $1,463,433. 
 
96 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAKOLINA. 
 
 PuUic Schools : White, 56 ; colored, 49. 
 Special corresjjondents of the Department of Agriculture: J. W. 
 Hutcherson, Wentworth; T. W. Field, Leaksville. 
 
 ROWAN COU]S"TY 
 
 Was formed in 1758, from Anson connty, and for a time 
 embraced mncli of the western part of this State and Tennessee. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, near its center, ^and is 
 bounded on the east by the Yadkin river. 
 
 Salisbury, the county seat, is 118 miles west of Ealeigh, is 
 located at the junction of the North Carolina and Western 
 North Carolina Railroads and takes its name from a town in 
 England. 
 
 Surface: Hilly, undulating, with dark clay soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, oats, rye, hay, tobaceo, cotton, 
 peas, potatoes and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, berries, and other 
 small fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, hickory, ash, Avalnut, maple, jDoplar, pine. 
 
 Minerals : Cold, copper, silver, with snljDliur springs. 
 
 Land listed i7i 1877 : 300,186 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $1,863,591. 
 
 Public Schools : White, 56; colored, 18. Also Salisbury Male 
 Academy, and Salisbury Female Academy. 
 
 Manufactures : 37,000 pounds sassafras, and 3,170 pounds 
 pennyroal oils were made in this county during the past year. 
 30,000 gallons sorghum molasses were also made. Fine flour 
 largely manufactured. 
 
 S^jecial correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: 
 Luke Blackmer, S. R. Harrison, Salisbury. 
 
 RUTHERFORD COUXTY] 
 
 Was formed]in 1779, from Tyron 'county, (whicii was that 
 year abolished and divided between Rutherford and Lincoln) 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA 97 
 
 and was named in lionor of Gen. Griffith Rutherford, of the 
 Revolution . 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, being situated in its ex- 
 treme southwestern portion, and bounded on the south by the 
 South Carolina line. 
 
 Rutherfordton, the county seat, is 216 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Hilly, undulating with grey sandy and clay soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, clover, 
 potatoes and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: A]3ples, pears, peaches, cherries, plums, berries and 
 other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Oak, walnut, poplar, maple, hickory, ash, pine^ 
 cherry. 
 
 Mi7ierals : Iron, gold, copper, mica, plumbago, corundum, 
 with several mineral springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877 : 327,1-48 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1831,026. 
 
 PuUic Schools: White, 55 ; colored, 11. 
 
 Sjjecial correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : T. 
 D. Twitty, of Rutherfordton; W. L. Jones, Poor's Ford. 
 
 SAMPSON" COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1781, from Duplin, and was named in honor 
 of Col. John Sampson. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, is situated in the south- 
 eastern portion of the State. 
 
 Clinton, the county seat, is 94 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface : Level, with sandy and clay soils, varied. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, grasses, peas^ po- 
 tatoes, and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries and 
 other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, oak, poplar, hickory, ash, walnut, cypress 
 juniper. 
 
 Zand listed in 1877 : 344,100 acres. Value of land and town 
 lotg, 1900,186. 
 
98 COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 
 
 PuUic Scliools : White, 57 ; colored, 52. With a number of 
 good private scliools. 
 
 SiJecial correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : 
 John Ashford, Clinton; S. J. Faison, HarreH's store. 
 
 STANLEY COUKTY 
 
 Was formed in 1841, from Montgomery county, and was 
 named in honor of Hon. John Stanley, of New Eerne. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, is bounded on the east by 
 Yadkin river and on the south by Rocky river — one of the trib- 
 utaries of the Pee Dee. 
 
 Albemarle, the county seat, is about 100 miles from Raleigh, 
 and preserves the name of one of the Lords Pro})riet(:)rs. 
 
 Surface; Hilly, undulating, with clay and gravelly soils. 
 
 Products; Corn, wheat, oats, cotton, rye, potatoes, hay, and 
 iX variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, iienches, pears, plums, berries, melons, and 
 «mall,^ fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Oiik, hickory pine. 
 
 Minercds: Gold and zinc, with a large number of mineral 
 springs. 
 
 Land lided in lS7i: 22G,054 acres. Value o" land and town 
 lots, $467,960. 
 
 Public schools: White, 40; colored, 8. Also Albemarle Male 
 and Female Academy, Mineral Springs Male and Female Acad- 
 emy, Fork Male and Female Academy. 
 
 Sjjecial correspondents! of tie Department of Agriculture; J. 
 E. Hartrell. Leo; W. J. Ross, Albemarle. 
 
 STOKES COUi^TY 
 
 W^as formed in 1789, from Surry county, and Avas named in 
 honor of Hon. John Stokes. 
 
 It belongs to, the Middle Division, on the northern border of 
 the State, being bounded^on the north by the Virginia line. 
 
 Danbury, the ^county^seat, is 100 miles from Raleigli. 
 
COUNTIES OF NOETH OAROLIKA. 99 
 
 Surface: Hilly, undulating, witli grey and red clay soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, tobacco, wlieat, oats, rye, hay, potatoes, 
 gasses, and vegetables. 
 
 Fruits.: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, plums, cherries, 
 berries and other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers : Pine, oak, chestnut, hickory, walnut, poplar. 
 
 Minerals .• Gold, zinc witii numerous iron, sulphur and lime- 
 stone springs. 
 
 Land Listed in 1877 ; 258,530 acres. Yalue of land and town 
 lots $733,643. 
 
 PuUic Schools : White, 35 ; colored, 7. Also Dalton High 
 School and Danbury Female Academy. 
 
 Sjwcial correspondents of the Dejjarlment of Agriculture: W. 
 W. King, Danbury, Benjamin Baily, Walnut Cove. 
 
 SURRY COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1770, from Eowan county, and takes its name 
 from the county of Surry in the south of England. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, and is located in the north- 
 ivestern portion of the State, is bounded on tlie north by the 
 Yirginia line. 
 
 Dobson, the county seat, is about 13) miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surface: Mountainous, with gray and red soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, oats, rve, tojacco, potatoes, and a 
 ■variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, piums, cherries, berries and 
 ■other small fruits. 
 
 Timbers: Chestnut, pine, poplar, Iiickor/, walnut, locust, 
 •soak, cherry. 
 
 Minerals: Lead, coal, mica, iron, mangajieso, asbestos, with 
 «one sulphur and three iron springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 304,743 acres. Vahic of land and town 
 Sots, $781,063. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 54; colored, 1-J. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Dej.ar'menl of Agriculture: W. 
 IL Wolfa, Judesville; E. E. Gwyn, Elkin. 
 
100 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 SWAIN COUNTY. 
 
 Was formed in 1871, from Macon and Jackson counties, and 
 was named in honor of D. L. Swain, formerly Governor of tlic 
 State and President of the University. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, and is hounded on the 
 north by the Tennessee line. 
 
 Charleston, the county seat, is 325 milcisfrom Raleigh. 
 
 Surface: Mountainous, Avith dark, loamy and clay soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, potatoes and 
 a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: A]>|)les, poaches, grapes, pears. 
 
 Tl/nt)er.s: Walnut, oak, ]ioplar, pine, birch, bcecn, ash. 
 
 Minerals: Gold, silver, lead, copper, mica. 
 
 Land listed iu 1S77; 400,931 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1173,564. 
 
 PuMic Scltools: White. 18 ; colored, 0. 
 
 Special correspondents of tlie Department of Ay r leal tare :: 
 Daniel Lester, Fairfax; -lohn M. Earls, Nantahala. 
 
 TRANSYLVANIA COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1861, from Henderson and Jackson ct)untii's^ 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, is bounded on the south, 
 by the South Carolina line, and is traversed its full length by 
 the French Broad river. 
 
 ■ Brevard, tlie county seat, is about 272 miles from Raleigh., 
 and preserves a name that became distinguished in the Revolu- 
 tion. 
 
 Surface: Mountainous, with dark loamy soils. v(>.ry IV'rlile. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, rye, buckwlu'at, potatoes, oats, hay. 
 and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, cherries, pears, plums, berries, and! 
 other small friiits. 
 
 Timbers: Oak, ash. hickory, chestnut, walnut, nuij)ie, |)ine... 
 urim. 
 
COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLrNA. 101 
 
 Miner (ds: Mica, copper, iron. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 275,729 acres. Value of laud and town 
 lots, 1338,889. 
 
 Public ScJiools: White, 23; colored, 4. 
 
 /Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture ; 
 "Thos. L. Clash, Brevard. 
 
 TYRRELL COUNTY 
 
 Was one of the original precincts of the Lords Proprietors, 
 aud bears the name of John Tyrrell one of the original owners of 
 •the province. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, is bounded @n the north 
 by the Albemarle sound. 
 
 Columbia, the county seat, is about 200 miles from Raleigh, 
 tand located on Scuppernong river. 
 
 Surface : Level, with sandy and rich alluvial soils. 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes, and vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, grapes. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, oak, juniper cypress. 
 
 L(md listed in 1877: 118,841 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $220,930. 
 
 Public Schools: White, 10; colored, (3. Also Columbia Acad- 
 emy. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: 
 C E. Tatem, Columbia; Eli Spruill, Columbia. 
 
 LTXIOX COUXTY 
 
 AVis fornipd in 1842, from Anson and Mecklenburg counties. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, is one of the southern 
 l)order counties adjoining South Carolina. 
 
 Monroe, the county seat, is 165 miles from Raleigh, and was 
 named in hon)r of James Mo]iroe, the fifth President of the 
 United States. 
 
 Surface: Hilly, undulating, with gray and red clay soils, 
 varied. 
 
102 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAKOLIXA. 
 
 Pi'oducfs : Corn, cotton, wlieai, oats, rye, potatoes, and ;r 
 variety of vegetables. 
 
 Friiits : Apples, ,!i-]'aj)es. pcaclic^, ])e.u's, iiielons, berries. 
 
 Timbers: Pine, oak, liickory, asJi, poplar. 
 
 Minerals: Gold. 
 
 Land listed in JS?<; ;5T3.9]r» aeres. Value of land and towK 
 lots, 11,208,848. 
 
 Public srJiooU: Wliiie. — : colored, — . Also Monroe Ilio-h 
 School. 
 
 iSpecial correspoiideiifs of the Department of Aijriridtnre :r 
 Vachei 1\ Ulieai-s, i^)ro\vn Creek, 0. i\. Simpson,. Moni-oe. 
 
 WAKE COUXTY 
 
 Was formed in 17)0, from Orange, Johnston and Cumber- 
 land connties. and w;!« called incompliment to the maiden' 
 name of Governor Tryon's wife. 
 
 It belongs to tlie Middle Division; and in this county is loca- 
 ted the Capitol of t'le State. 
 
 Raleigh, the connty SI at, and also the Capital of the State,, 
 hears the name of the illustrious Sir Walter Raleigh, under 
 whose auspices the lirst colony was planted on our soil. 
 
 Stirface : Undulating, with gray sand and clay soils varied.. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, grasses, i)otatoes 
 and a variety of vegetttbles. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries. 
 
 Timbers : Pine, hickory, oak, poplar, maple, ash. 
 
 Minerals : Phimhago in great abundance. 
 
 Land TJstedin 1877 : 564,790 acres. Value of land and town- 
 lots $4,838,395. 
 
 P?//;^?c ^'c/i00?.5; White, 98 , colored 82. Also Raleigh Male- 
 High School, Raleigh Graded school, St. Augustin School (col- 
 ored) and quite a number of schools su[)portcd by i)rivate pa- 
 tronage. 
 
 Manufactures: Several establishments for manufacturing/ 
 sp(d:cs. rims. huh.^. ]dow^ han('les. bugjies, carriages, wagons,. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 103 
 
 sash, doors, mantels, engines, boilers, saw mills, leather, plows 
 and plow castings. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : 
 ^Y. G. ITpchnrch, Raleigh;' W. B. Smith. Forestville; S. D. Wil- 
 liams, Raleigh. 
 
 WARBEK' COUN'TY 
 
 Was formed in 1779, from a portion of Bnte county, which 
 was thiit 3'eai" divided into Warren and Franklin. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, and is situated on the 
 northein border of the State adjoining Virginia, and takes its 
 name from .Joseph Warren, of Massachusetts. 
 
 Warrenton. tliecoiintj seat, is about 52 miles from Raleigh. 
 
 Surf are: Undulating, with sandy, loam and clay soils. 
 
 Proilnctx : Toljacco, corn, whont, oats, rye, cotton, potatoes, 
 s(,)rghum c^ne, and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruit<i: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries and 
 othnr small frnits. 
 
 Tln>I)ers: Oak. })ine, ]><)p]ar, walnut, liickory, ash, maple. 
 
 Min'i'uls: Uold, v\nth sevc]":il niinera] s]>rings. 
 
 Land listed in l'S77: 3I.o,7.to acrcp. "'i'ahie of hn;d and town 
 lots. $1,283.18-?. 
 
 Pnhlic Si'och: Whitf. U) : -'.-L.nd, 23. A^m WMrrenton 
 M;de Ac'.-i'-Vuiy. WavroBtoi) Fdii.de (.'oUegM'te Institute. 
 
 S]}fU'ial v()rrr''i)n!i(h>n-fx (f the Ih'pnrtment (f Js.gr icuUure : W. 
 II. Olu'ck, Warrenton, Wm. Wallace White, Manson. 
 
 WASHIKGTOX COUIS'TY 
 
 Vras ^'ormerl in 1709, from Tyrell county, and was named in 
 honor of the fatlier of ]i:s country, General Gcoi-ge AYashing- 
 ton. 
 
 It belongo to tliC Eastern Fn'ris-ion, and is Ijorndcd on the 
 north by Aiberaario sound. 
 
 Plymouth, the county seat, 162 miles from. Ra'eigh. and is 
 located on Roa]u)ke river. 
 
104 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Surface: Level, with sandj loamy soils with clay subsoils. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, potatoes, peas, and a variety 
 of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, plums, berries, melons, and 
 a variety of small fruits, 
 
 Timbers: Cypress, juniper, pine, oak, poplar, ash. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 170,460 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1483,472. 
 
 Public scliools: White, — ; colored, — . 
 
 tipecial correspondents of tlie Department of Agriculture: 
 Arthur Collins, Creswell; Wm. R. Chessom. Lee's Mills; T. J. 
 Norman, Skinnersville. 
 
 WATAUGA COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1849, from Ash, Caldwell, Wilkes and Yancey 
 counties and bears the name given to a river by the Indians, 
 which has its source in this county and signifies ' 'the River of 
 Islands." 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, lying in the north western 
 jsortion of the State, and bounded on the west by the Tenn- 
 ei^see line. 
 
 Boone, the county seat, is about 240 miles from Raleigh, and 
 was called in honor of Daniel Boone, who once lived on the 
 ^'adkin river. 
 
 Surface: Mountainous, with rich loamy soil. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, potatoes, and 
 
 tine vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, peas, berries, chen'ies, and all fruits 
 of this climate. 
 
 Timiers: Oak. chestnut, poplar, pine, sugar maple, cherry, 
 walnut. 
 
 Minerals: Iron, gold, mica, plumbago, silver, copper, with 
 minerals springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1.877: 185,125 acres. Value of laud and town 
 lots, 1326,097. 
 
 Public sehools: White, 40; colored, 2. 
 
COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLmA. 105 
 
 Special cor respondents of the Department of Agricidtvre: A, 
 J. McBride, McBride's Mills; M. C. Herman, Sugar Grove. 
 
 \VAY]S"E COUNTY 
 
 Was formed in 1779 from a portion of Dobbs county, (subse- 
 <juently divided into Greene and Lenoir) and takes its name 
 from Anthony Wayne, of Pennsylrania, distinguished in the 
 Revolution. 
 
 It belongs to the Eastern Division, and is traversed by ISTeuse 
 Ei ver. 
 
 Goldsboro. the county seat, is 51 miles from Ealeigh, and is 
 located at the junction of the N^orth Carolina, the Atlancic, and 
 the Wilmington & Weldon Eailroads, and on the JNeuse river. 
 
 Surface: Level, slightly undulating, with sandy and loamy 
 soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, cotton, peas, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, and 
 a. variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries, and 
 a variety of smnll fniits. 
 
 Timbers: Oak. ;ish. hickory, pine, maple, juniper, poplar, 
 •walnut and cypress. 
 
 Land listed in 1^77: 328,295 acres. Value of laud and town 
 lots, ^i,G9;,o89. 
 
 PnJdir ScJionh: vriiite, 37; colored, 30. Also reveral private 
 acliool-i of high cl.iu.icter. 
 
 Si)pci(d- corresp()in'-:nis of tlie Department of Agriculture : B. 
 F. Arriiigton, Goldsboro; T. B. Hyinan, Goldsboro; B. F. 
 IIi)ok.-, Goldsboro. 
 
 WILKES COUNTY 
 
 Wns formed in 1777, from Surrv connty. and whs njimed in 
 honor of Jo'm Wilkes, a distingui.shi'd membei' of the English 
 Parliament, and a zealous fi'iend of the American cause in the 
 Kevolution. 
 
106 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 It belongs to the Mir]dle Division, and is situated on the east- 
 ern slope of the Blue Ridge in the northwestern portion of tbp 
 State. 
 
 Wilkesboro, the county seat, is 1T2 miles from R:i,lviuii. 
 
 Surface: Hilly, monntainons. with ii^i'k sarviy. lomnv soil. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, rye, oats, gras-e-', tMi-Mcr'o xxwu pota- 
 toes. 
 
 Fruits: Applies, peaches, p 'ars, grapes, cherries and I)e.ries. 
 
 Tiniherx: Oak, pine, chesnut, hickory, walnut ;ii.'l po])- 
 lar. 
 
 Minerals: Coijpei', gold, mica, manganese, with several min- 
 eral springs. 
 
 Land listed iv 1877: 305,207 acres. Valne of land and town 
 lots, 1613,490. 
 
 Public SchoDls: White. 82; colored, 9. Also Wilkesboro 
 Ma]e aitd Female Hiah iSehool, Trap Hill Institute, Moravian 
 Falls Male and Female Academy. 
 
 S2)ecial correspondents of tlie DejMrtment of Agriculture : L. 
 Harrell, Briar Creek; J. T. Finley, Wilkesboro. 
 
 WILSON" COUXTV 
 
 Was formed in 1855, from Edgecombe, ^sash. Wayne and 
 Johnston counties, and was named in honor of Louis D. Wilson, 
 who died in Mexico servin ; his count«'v. 
 
 It behmgs to the Eastern Division, occupying a central posi- 
 tion in that Division. 
 
 Wilson, the county seat, 15 al ou.t 50 miles from Raleigh, and 
 located on the Wilmington and Weldon Railroail. 
 
 Surface .- Slightly undulating, with sandy and clay soils, va- 
 ried. 
 
 Products : Corn, cotton, wheat, o.its, rye, peas, i)otatoes, 
 grasses, and a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Fruits : Apples, Peaches, pears, grapes, cherries, melons, ber- 
 ries, and other small fruits. 
 
 Timbeis: Pine, oak, hickory, ash, cypress, gum. 
 
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 107 
 
 Minerals: Iron, and one sulphur, with, fourteen iron and mag- 
 nesia springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 196,146 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 11,334,133. 
 
 Public schools: White, 35; colored, 20; Also Wilson Colle- 
 giate Institute, Wilson Collegiate Seminary. 
 SjJecial correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: R. W. 
 King, Wilson; Calvin Barnes, Wilson. 
 
 YADKIN" COUNTY. 
 
 Was formed in 1851^ from Surry, and takes its name from 
 the river which runs through it. 
 
 It belongs to the Middle Division, and is located in the north- 
 western portion of the State. 
 
 Yadkinville, the county seat, is about 175 miles from Ral- 
 eigh. 
 
 Surface: Hilly, with loamy and clay soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, rye, oats, tobacco, potatoes, grasses, 
 and vegetables. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, j)lums, berries and small 
 fruits. 
 
 Timiers'. Oak, hickory, poplar, ash. 
 
 Minerals: Iron, with several mineral springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877." 207,040 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, $611,214. 
 
 Public schools: White, 48; colored, 10. Also Jonesville Male 
 and Female Academy, Boouville Academy, Jonesville Female 
 Seminary. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: H. C. 
 Wilson, Yadkinville; T. Long, Hnntsville. 
 
 YAXCEY COUNTY. 
 
 Was formed in 1833, from BurKe and Buncombe counties, 
 and was named in honor of Hon. Bartlett Yancey, of Caswell, 
 who was a great and a good man. 
 
108 PROMINENT NOETH CAROLINIANS. 
 
 It belongs to the Western Division, is situated in the north- 
 western portion of the State, and is bounded on the west by the 
 Tennessee line. 
 
 Burnsville, the county seat, is about 245 miles from Raleigh, 
 and was called in honor of Captain Otway Burns, of Carteret 
 county. 
 
 Surface: Mountainous, with rich loamy soils. 
 
 Products: Corn, wheat, buckwheat, oats, rye, grasses, and 
 potatoes. 
 
 Fruits: Apples, pears, and berries. 
 
 Timbers: Poplar, ash, chestnut, hickory, sugar maple and 
 Buckeye. 
 
 Minerals: Iron, mica, with several mineral springs. 
 
 Land listed in 1877: 150,633 acres. Value of land and town 
 lots, 1181,889. 
 
 Public schools: White, 34; colored, 4. 
 
 Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture-: N. M. 
 Wilson, Burnsville; J. R. Neil, Bald Creek. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Partial List of Native North Caroliaii'is who have beco ne pr uninent 
 citizens of other S ate?, and also of Native Inventors. 
 
 Andrew Jackson — President of the United States, born in 
 the Waxhaw Settlement, of Mecklenburg county (now Union) — 
 appointed Attorney General of the Territory of Tennessee by 
 the Governor of North Carolina; became Judge of the Superior 
 Court; famous for his military achievements in the Indian wars, 
 and as the hero of New Orleans; Senator in Congress. 
 
 James Knox Polk — President of the United States, born in 
 Mecklenburg county; graduated at Chapel Hill; was Governor 
 of Tennessee; Speaker of the House of Representatives in Con- 
 gress. 
 
PEOMINENT Is'ORTH CAROLINIANS. lOg 
 
 Andeew Johkson— President of the United States, was born 
 in Raleigh, Wake county; rnember of the Legislature of Ten- 
 nessee; member of both Houses of Congress from that State; 
 was Governor of the State, and elected Vice President of the 
 United States. 
 
 Wm. R. Kinc4 — Born in Sampson county, represented his 
 county in the Legislature, and the State in Congress; settled iu 
 Cahawba county, Alabama; elected Senator from that State in 
 1819; Minister to France in 1814, and Vice President in 1852, 
 
 Joseph Buevakd — Born in Mecklenburg county; elected 
 Judge in South Carolina; member of Congress from that State 
 in 1821. 
 
 Jesse A.. ByxUxM — Born in Halifax county, member of the Leg- 
 islature and Congress, moved to Alexandria Parish, La. 
 
 John R. J. Dajstiel — Born in Halifax county, often in the 
 Legislature and Congress, moved to Louisiana. 
 
 John F. Dakby — Born in Person county; moved to Mississ- 
 ippi; elected to Congress from Mississippi, to 32d Congiess in 
 1852. 
 
 Edmund S. Dar«an — Was born in Montgomery county, now 
 Stanley, in 1806; moved to Alabama; elected a member of the Leg- 
 islature of that State; soon thereafter was made Judge of the Su- 
 perior Court; in 1816 was elected to Congress, and in 1848 was 
 elected Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Confederate Congress. 
 
 Sam'l P. Carson — Born in Burke county, was in the 19th, 
 20th and 21st Congresses; moved to Texas, where he became 
 prominent. 
 
 Archibald Dixon — -Was born in Caswell county; moved to 
 Kentucky; was Lieutenant Governor, and succeeded Mr. Clay as 
 Senator in 1852. 
 
 Hamilton Henderson Chalmers — Was born iu Rocking- 
 ham county, moved to Mississippi and is now one of the Judges 
 of the Supreme Court of that State. 
 
 Emersom Ethe ridge — Was born in Currituck, moved to 
 Tennessee, and was a member of Congress from that State. 
 
110 PROMINENT NORTH CAROLINIANS. 
 
 Wm. H. Forjstet — Was born in Lincoln county, moved to Al- 
 abama, and is now in Congress from that State. 
 
 Thomas H. BetsTON — Was born in Orange county; moved 
 first to Tennessee, served in the war of 1812 as Colonel 39th In- 
 fantry, U. S. A., and was thirty years in the Senate from Mis- 
 souri. 
 
 LuGiEif C. G-AUSB — Was bora in Bruaswick county, moved to 
 
 Tennessee, settled in Arkansas, and is now a member of Con- 
 gress from that State. 
 
 Joseph R. Hawley — Was born in Richmond county; moved 
 
 to Connecticut; elected (Governor of that State in 1806; a mem- 
 ber of Congress in 1872, and is now a member elect from that 
 State. He was President of the Centennial Exhibition at Phil- 
 adelphia in 1876. 
 
 James P. HEisrDEtvSOisr— Was born in Lincoln county; moved 
 to Texas; Minister from Texas to Europe; commanded a regi- 
 ment in the Mexican war; elected Grovernor of Texas in 1846, 
 and a Senator from Texas in Congress. 
 
 Sam'l W. Iis^GB — Was born in North Carolina; moved to Ala- 
 bama; elected a member of the 30th and 31st Corgress; Attor- 
 ney of the United States for California. 
 
 James JoHisrsoif— Was born in Robeson county; moved to 
 Georgia, was elected to the 32d Congress; appointed Provisional 
 Governor of Georgia by Andrew Johnson. 
 
 Thomas L. Jon"es — Was born in Rutherford county; moved 
 to Kentucky and was elected to the 40th, 41st and 44tli ses- 
 sions of Congress. 
 
 John McQueen' — Was born in Robeson county ; moved to 
 South Carolina, and was elected to the 31st, 32d, 33d and 34th 
 sessions of Congress. 
 
 James C. Mitchell — Was born in Mecklenburg county, 
 moved to Tennessee, and elected a member of the 19th and 
 20th sessions of Congress. 
 
 Gabriel Moore — Was born in Stokes county, moved to 
 Alabama, elected a member of the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th 
 sessions of Congress; was Governor of Alabama in 1820, and 
 U. S. Senator in 1829. 
 
PROMINENT NOETH CAROLmiANS. ^ 111 
 
 William H. Mureree — Was born in Mnrfreesboro; was 
 elected a member of the 13tli and 14tli sessions of Congress 
 from the Edenton district; moved to Tennessee. His father 
 was a distinguished officer in the Revohitionary war, and two 
 towns — one in Nortli Carolina and one in Tennessee — preserve 
 the name of the family. 
 
 Daxiel ISTEWMAisr — ^was bora in North Carolina, and served 
 in the Revolutionary and Indian wars, and w&& elected to Con- 
 gress in 1831 from Georgia. 
 
 Kenisteth Rayn'ee — Was born in Bertie county, represented 
 the Edenton district frequently in Congress; moved to Missis- 
 sippi; was nominated Judge of the Supreme Court of Mississippi; 
 appointed Judge of the Alabama Claims, and is now Solicitor 
 •of the Treasury. 
 
 Philemoist Thomas — Was born in ISTorth Carolina, moved to 
 Kentucky and thence to Louisiana, and was a member of the 
 2"M and 23d sessions of Congress. 
 
 Edwaed Stanly — Was born in Newljern, served as a mem- 
 )jer of Congress from North Carolina; moved to California, and 
 was appointed, in 1862, Military Governor of North Carolina, 
 and was a candidate for Governor of California. 
 
 Jacob Thompson — Was born in Caswell county, moved to 
 Mississippi in 1835; was a member of the 26tli session of Con- 
 .gress, and re-elected in 1851; was Secretary of the Interior in 
 1857 under the administration of President Buchanan. 
 
 Starling Tucker — Was born in Halifax county; moved to 
 South Carolina, and served as a member of Congress from 1817 
 to 1831. 
 
 TiLGHMAN M. Tucker — Was born in North Carolina, moved 
 to Mississippi, was Governor of that State in 1841, and a mem- 
 ber of Congress in 1843. 
 
 Hugh Lavtson White — Was born in Iredell county; went to 
 Tennesse in 1783; was Judge of the Supreme Court of that 
 State in 1801, U. S. Senator in 1825, and received the electoral 
 vote of Tennessee and Georgia for President in 1836. 
 
 James White — Was born in North Carolina; moved to Ten- 
 nesse and was elected a delegate to Congress in 1794. 
 
112 PEOMINENT NORTH CAROLmiANS. 
 
 J. McC. WiLET — Was born in CubuiTus county; moved to 
 Bibb county, Alabama; was elected Judge of the Circuit Court, 
 and also to the 39th session of Congress, but was not permitted 
 to take his seat. 
 
 Chaeles Pelham — ^Was born in Person county, moved to 
 Alabama, was elected Judge in 1868, and to Congress in 1873. 
 
 Leonakd Sims — Was born in North Carolina, moved to 
 Missouri, and in 1845 was elected a member of Congress from 
 that State. 
 
 William Allei^ — Was born in Edentun; moved to Ohio, was 
 elected to Congress and the Senate of the United States, and in 
 1874 Grovernor of Ohio. 
 
 William Smith — Was born in North Carolina; moved to 
 South Carolina, was elected to Congress in 1797, and Judge in 
 1808, to the United States Senate in 1817, and re-elected to the 
 United States Senate in 1831; declined the nomination of Judge 
 of the Supreme Court of the United States, and iu 1839 re- 
 ceived the seven votes of. Georgia for Vice President. 
 
 Jesse Speight — Was born in Greene county, moved to Mis- 
 sissijipi, and elected United States Senator in 1845 from that 
 State. 
 
 MoNTFOKD Stokes— Was born in North Carolina, was Gov- 
 ernor of the State in 1830; moved to Arkansas, and was ap- 
 pointed Commissioner for the removal of the Indians west of 
 the Mississipjji. 
 
 William B. Stokes— Was born in Chatham county; moved 
 to Tennessee, and elected to the 36th, 39th, 40th and 41st ses- 
 sions of Congress. 
 
 James Hol'stox Thomas— Was born in Iredell county; moved 
 to Tennessee, elected Attorney General of that State, was law 
 partner of James K. Polk, and a member of the 3 1st and 36tli 
 sessions of Congress. 
 
 Van II. Manning— Was born in Martin county; removed to 
 Mississippi in 1841, and was elected a member of tlie 44tli and 
 45th sessions of Congress. 
 
 John Williams- Was born in Surry county; was Cuptaiii of 
 
PROMmENT NORTH CAROLINIANS. 113 
 
 the 6th II. S. Infantry in 1790; moved to Knosyillej Tennessee- 
 was colonel of a regiment in 1812, and served under Gen. Jack- 
 son at New Orleans; was elected to the II. S. Senate in 1815, 
 and appointed Charge DcAffairs to Central America by John Q. 
 Adams. 
 
 Maemabuke Williams — Was born in North Carolina; 
 moved to Alabama, and was elected a Judge of Tuscaloosa 
 County Court. 
 
 RoBEET Williams — Was born near Shallow Ford, N. C 
 moved to Mississippi, where he was appointed by President Jef- 
 ferson Territorial Governor jn 1805. 
 
 Thomas Hill Williams — Was born in North Carolina; wag 
 a'^clerk in the War Department; appointed in 1805 Collector of 
 the port of New Orleans; was a delegate to the Convention that 
 framed the Constitution of Mississippi, and one of the first Sen- 
 ators from that State in the II. S. Congress, to which place he 
 was re-elected in 1817. 
 
 Thomas J. Waed — Was born in Surry county, moved to 
 Mississippi, and was a member of Congress in 1838 from that 
 State. 
 
 GeivT. Hen^ey Atchisois^ — Of the II. S. Army, was a native 
 of Person county, and distinguished himself at the battle of Bad 
 Axe in 1832. He died at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. 
 
 Gejst. DuisrcAM L. Clinch — Of the II. S. Army, was a native 
 of Edgecombe county; moved to Georgia, and was elected to 
 Congress from that State in 1843; died at Macon, Ga., in 1849. 
 
 Walkee Andeeson — Of Orange county, Judge and Navy 
 Agent. 
 
 William Beyson" — Of Barke county, Judge in Florida, 
 
 Epheaim H. Foestee — Of Franklin county. Senator from 
 Tennessee. 
 
 Wm. R, Johnson — Of Warren county; a prominent politician 
 of Virginia, and many years a member of her General Assembly. 
 
 Dillon Joedan — Of Cumberland county, Judge in Florida. 
 
 John R. McElmoee — Native of Halifax, moved to Ten- 
 nessee. 
 
114 PEOMINENT NORTH CAEOLINIANS. 
 
 BE>fj. McCuLLOCK — Native of Halifax, moved to Texas. 
 
 Wm. D. Mosbly — Bora in Lenoir countv; Senator in N. 0. 
 Legislature; moved to Florida,, and was Governor of that State 
 from 1845 to 1849. 
 
 Col. Bexjamin HAWia^fS — Was born in Bate county (now 
 Warren) in 1754, was an officer during the EevoJutionary war. 
 served several terms as a member of Congress; was appointed a 
 commisoioner to treat with the Cherokees and all other Indians 
 south of them, and died in 1816. 
 
 C. C. Cambeelii^g — Was born in Beaufort county; moved to 
 New York; was a member of Congress from that State from 
 1821 to 1839, and subsequently was appointed Minister to 
 Eussia. 
 
 JosN K. Steele — Was born in Salisbury, N. C, in 1792 
 went to New Hampshire and was elected in 1844 Grovernor of 
 that State. 
 
 Joseph Laite — Was born in Buncombe county in 1812; 
 moved to Indiana; was in command o" a regiment in the Mexi- 
 can war; pri^moted for his bravery to the office of Major G-eneral, 
 app iated Governor of Oregon in 1848, and elected delegate to 
 the 32nd; 33d and 34th sessions of Congress, and in 1859 elected 
 Senator; was a candidate for the Vice Presidency in 1861, re* 
 ceiving; the vote of North Carolina included in the 72 electoial 
 "votes given for the ticket of Breckenridge and Lane. 
 
 EoBEST Potter — Was born in Granville county; served as 
 Midshipman in the U. S. Navy; was elected to Congress in 1829; 
 moved to Texas, where he was appointed Secretary of the Navy 
 in that Eepublic. 
 
 Daniel Tuener — Was born in Warren county; served in the 
 army in 1814; member of the N. C. Legislature and also mem- 
 ber of Congress in 1827; moved to California, where he held the 
 position of Navy Agent. 
 
 JoHisr H. Wheelee — Was born in Murfreesboro; served in 
 the Legislature of North Carolina from 1827 to 1830 from his 
 native county, and again in 1852 from Lincoln, Catawba and 
 Gaston; was public Treasurer in 1842. He moved to Washing- 
 
DISTINGUISHED DIVINES. 115 
 
 ton, D. C, and in 1855 was appointed Minister to Nicaragua 
 Central America, distinguished as a North Carolina Historian. 
 
 AsBUET Dickens — Was born in Person county; v/a,s chief 
 ■clerk of the United States Senate in 18i5. 
 
 James WiLLiAMSOi^r— Was born in Person county; member of 
 the Legislature and afterwards Sj.eaker of the House of Eepre- 
 sentatives in Tennessee. 
 
 Dai^iel M. Baerijstgbr — Was a member of Congress from. 
 North Carolina, afterwards Speaker of the ITouse of Eepresen- 
 tatives of Tennessee. 
 
 John' Be.an'CH — Was Governor of North Carolina; Secretary 
 of the Navy and Governor of the Territory of Florida. 
 
 JoHis" L. Pexnin'GTOM" — Was born in Wake county; moyed 
 to Alabama; was a member of the Senate of that State; Gov- 
 ernor of the Territory of Dakota^ and now Internal Revenue 
 Collector of that State. 
 
 George W. Reeves — Is a nati ve of Orange county, (a tailor) 
 afterwards Judge in Tennessee. 
 
 John L, T. Sneed — A native of Wake; Attorney General of 
 Tennessee, and a Judge in that State. 
 
 Wii. S. MuLLiNS — Has born in Fayetteville; moved to South 
 Carolina; was Senator in the Le_:2,islatar3 of that State, and at 
 one time presideat of the Ifilmington and TvfaachoGtcr Railroad. 
 
 James Ghant — Is a native of Raleigh; now a Judge and_dis- 
 tinguished citizen o^ Iowa. 
 
 Col. AlsxandElI Harris — 01 Gr jiv^lie, moved to Phila- 
 delphia and became collejtor of that port. 
 
 DISriNGUISHBD DIVINES. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Thomas Fj^ederick Davis— Wa^ b.jrn in New 
 Hanover county, removed to Soubh Caio.'ina, ;!nd was cliosen 
 Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Ch;.r.^i. ^or that diocese, 
 which office he filled until Lis death. 
 
 Rt, Rev. John Waters Beckwith — Was born in Raleigh, 
 N. C, and is now Bishop of the Protesta;:'^ I'^piscopal Church 
 in Geor2,ia. 
 
116 DISTINGUISHED DIVINES. 
 
 Et, Rev. Wm. Mercee Greex- — Was loom in Wilmington, 
 N. C; lielcl a Professorsliip in the North Carolina University; 
 removed to Mississippi, aurl is now Bishop of that diocese. 
 
 Et. Eev. Cicero L. Hawks — Was born in North Carolina, 
 and afterwards became Bishop of Mississippi. 
 
 Eev. Eeances L. Hawks — Was born in Newbern; moved to 
 Mississippi^ and was elected Bishop of that State, and after- 
 wards of Rhode Island, both of which offices he declined. He 
 died in New York in 1SG6. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Leoxidas Polk — Was born in Raleigh, N. C.,-in, 
 180G; removed to Louisiana, and in 1841 was made Bishop of 
 that State, In 1861 he was appointed Major General in the 
 Confederate arm 3^, and was killed near Marietta, Ga. 
 
 Rev. Wm. Martik" — Was born in Lincoln county; was once 
 President of Colnmbia Fenxale College in Columbia, S. C, and 
 is now Presiding Elder in the South Carolina Conference. 
 
 Rev. 0. P. EiTZGERALD — Is a native of Caswell county, and 
 is now Editor of the Nashville Christian Advocate of Tennessee. 
 
 Eev. Edward Wadsworth — Is an eminent minister of the 
 Methodist Church in Alabama, and is a native of Newbern, 
 N. C. 
 
 Eev. Allen" G. Axdsews, D.D. — Was born in Eandolph 
 county; he moved to Alabama and became President of the 
 Southern University at Greensboro, in that State. Has occu- 
 pied a prominent position as member of the General Conferences. 
 
 Rev. Lovick Pierce, D.D. — Was born in Halifax county, 
 N. C, moved to South Carolina; is now in Georgia; has been 
 an active minister for 74 years, and is now in his 04th year. 
 He is, probably, tlie oldest preacher living. 
 
 Eev. Smith W. Moore, D.D.— Was born in Stokes couut}^, 
 N. C.;' moved to Tennessee, and is now pastor of Browusvillr- 
 Station, of Memphis Conference. 
 
 Bishop Robert Paine, D.D. — Was born in Person county, 
 N. C; moved to Tennessee, thence to Alabama, and now re- 
 sides in Mississippi. He is the senior BiSthop of the 5L E. 
 Ohurch, South. 
 
 Rev. S. Lande].', D.I). — Was born in Lincoln counlv; was 
 
DISTINGUISHED DIVmES. 117 
 
 President of Davenport Female College, N. C; is now a mem- 
 ber of the South Carolina Conference and President of William- 
 ston Female College, S. C. 
 
 Eev. Albert M. Shipp, D.D. — Was born in Lincoln connty; 
 was President of Greensboro Female College, aftery/ards a Pro- 
 fessor in the University of North Carolina. He moved to South 
 Carolina, became President of Woif ord College, at Spartanburg, 
 and is now a Professor in the Vanderbilt University at Nash- 
 ville, Tennessee. 
 
 Eev. JoHisr Ellis Edwards, D.D. — Was born in Guilford 
 county, N. C; moved to Virginia, afterwards returned .to North 
 Carolina, where, as pastor, he served several churches in the 
 State. He is now in Richmond, Va., and is well known as an 
 iiuthor. 
 
 Rev. Du]S"ca]ni- Browjst, D.D. — Was born in Bladen county, 
 (now Robeson,) moved to Tennessee in 1810, was in the min- 
 istry 60 years, and died in Maury county, Tenn., about 1862. 
 
 Rev. James W. McLai^e, D.D. — Was born in Rowan county; 
 moved west with his father in early life, and was subsequently 
 employed by the American Bible Society in the revision and 
 collation of editions of the Bible. 
 
 Rev. Moses Waddell, D.D. — Was born in Iredell county, 
 (then Rowan); preached and taught school at various places in 
 the South. 
 
 Rev. JoHJsr M. Wilsoi^ — Was born in Mecklenburg county; 
 xiioved to Missouri, thence to Texas, where he now resides. 
 
 Rev. Ai^DREW Flin-isT, D.D. — Was brrn in Mecklenburg 
 ■county; and was for a long time a prominent minister in South 
 Carolina. 
 
 Rev. Wm. H. Barr, D.D. — Was born in Rowan county, and 
 moved to Abbeville, South Carolina. 
 
 Rev. J. M. M. Caldwell — Was born in Mecklenburg county; 
 moved to Rome, Ga., where he now resides. 
 
 Rev^ Cyrus K. Caldwell— Graduated at Davidson College; 
 moved to Te.messee. 
 
 Rev. J. L. [liRKPATRiCK, D.D. — Now a Professor at Wash- 
 
118 DISTINGUISHED DIVINES. 
 
 iiigton and Lee University, Lexington, Va., and at one time 
 President of Davidson College, is a native of Mecklenbni-g 
 county . 
 
 Eev. Silas M. Aistdeews — Was born in Rowan connty, and 
 is now living at Doylestown, Pa. 
 
 Rev. Evai^der McNair — A native of Robeson connty, is 
 now a prominent minister in Texas. 
 
 Rev. Robert J. Hall — Was born in Iredell county, moved 
 to Oxford, Ohio. 
 
 Rev. Robert Hall (uncle of the above) was born in Iredell 
 Gounty, moved to Grreenville, Tennessee. 
 
 Rev. Thomas J. Hall — Was born in Iredell county and 
 moved to Tennessee. 
 
 Rev. Wm. A. Hall — Was born in Iredell county, and moved 
 to Tennessee where he died in 1877. 
 
 Ret. Junius B. King — A native of North Carolina, moved 
 to Alabama, and died near Selma. 
 
 Rev. James Morrison — Was born in Cabarrus county, moved 
 io Virginia. 
 
 Rev. James 0. Stedman, D. D. — Is a native of Fayetteville, 
 N. C, moved to Tennessee, thence to Alabama — Agent of the 
 Board of Education. 
 
 Rev. S. B. Wilson, D. D., — Was born in Lincoln county, 
 and moved to Virginia, 
 
 Rev. Richard H. King. — Was born in Iredell county, mov- 
 ed to Tennessee . he was a man of wonderful intellect. 
 
 Rev. Thomas P. Johnston — Was born in^RoAvan county, was 
 the first foreign missionary from the Synod of North Carolina 
 went to Asia Minor, thence to Smyrna, now living in Connec- 
 ticut. 
 
 Rev. Robert A. Johnston — Was born in Rowan county, 
 moved to Kentucky. 
 
 Rev. James McE. H. Adams — Was born in Lincoln county, 
 moved to Yorkville, South Carolina, where he had charge of 
 a Eemale Academy. 
 
 Rby. Hugh Wilson — Was born in Iredell, was a missionarj 
 
EMINENT PHYSICIANS. 119 
 
 to tlie Choctaw, and afterwards tlie Chickasaw Indians, died in 
 Texas. 
 
 Rev. L. F. Wilson — Was born in Iredell county, moved to the 
 valley of Virginia. 
 
 Ebv. Wm. Thomas Hall, D. D., — Was born in Rowan coun- 
 ty, moved to Mississippi thence to Virginia. 
 
 Rev. James H. McNeill — Was born in Fayetteville, N. C, 
 was Secretary of the American Bible Society, N. J., and at the 
 opening of the war joined the confederate army, was made 
 Colonel; was killed in Virginia. 
 
 Rev. Jesse Meecek, D. D. — Was born in Halifax county, 
 moved to Macon, Georgia. 
 
 Rev. Silas Meecer — Was born in Halifax county, and mov- 
 ed to Georgia. 
 
 ^EV. Wm. T. Brantly, D. D. — Was born in Chatham coun- 
 ty, moved to South Carolina. 
 
 Rev. Basil Mayly, D. D. — A native of Chatham county, 
 moved to Alabama. 
 
 Rev. John" Kcrk — .Was born in Person county, and moved 
 to Richmond, Virginia. 
 
 Rev. R. B. C. Howell, D. D. — Was born in Wayne county, 
 afterwards a resident of Virginia and Tennessee. 
 
 Rev. a. M. Poindexter, D. D. — Was born in Bertie county, 
 moved to Virginia. 
 
 Rev. James Mims — Was born in Cumberland county, moved 
 to South Carolina. 
 
 Rev. Iversok" L. Brooks, D. D. — Was born in Caswell coun- 
 ty, moved to South Carolina. 
 
 Rev. Matthew TYSOi>r Yates — Was born in Wake county, 
 and forty for thirty years was a missionary in China. 
 
 EMIN"ENT PHYSICIAl^S. 
 
 T)r. D. R. Wallace — Superintendent of Texas Insane 
 Asylum. 
 
 William T. Howard — Prof, of Diseases of Women and Chil- 
 dren University of Maryland, Baltimore. 
 
120 PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION. 
 
 M. J. DEPtossRTT — Formerly Professor of Cliemistry, and ad- 
 junct Professor in the Hniyersity of Maryland, Baltimore, now 
 residing in ISTew YorK, and consulting Oplithalmic Surgeon to 
 St. Elizabeth Hospital, IsTew York; one of the Editors of the 
 ISTorth Carolina Medical Journal. 
 
 Peof. Edwaed Waeeen- (Bey)— Now residing in Paris, was 
 born in Tyrrell in 1828. 
 
 De. W. H. Beattt — Now of Mobile, Alabama. He was a 
 delegate of his adoj)ted city to the Publishing House Associa- 
 tion, Cold Springs, New York. 
 
 De. McPheetees— Now dead, lately resident of St. Louis. 
 
 De. E. D TiJsriTEE — Now dead, long a resident of New Orleans. 
 
 P^HT II. 
 
 CHARTER I. 
 PHYSIOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION. 
 
 BY W. C, KEEE, STATE GEOLOGIST. 
 SITUATIOlsT. 
 
 North Carolina is situated on the Atlantic slope of the great 
 Appalachian chain of mountains, which traverses the North 
 American continent in a Northeast and Southwest direction from 
 Canada to Georgia. 
 
 Its territory lies between the parrellels 34*^ and 36-^ North 
 latitude, midway between New York and the Gulf of Mexico, 
 the latitude being that of Southern SjKmi, and between the meri- 
 dians 16^° and 84-^° west longitude. 
 
 EXTENT. 
 
 The state has a coast line of more than 200 miles, and a 
 length, from east to west, of 485 miles. 
 
 Its area is 50,704 square miles, which is a little greater than 
 that of New York, and almost exactly that of Enndgla. 
 
PHYSIOGEAPHIO DESCEIPTIOK 131 
 
 PHYSICAL GEOGKAPPIT. 
 
 The State is naturally divided into three distinct and well 
 characterized regions, east, middle and west. The latter, or 
 
 The Western Division is quite mountainous, and is about one- 
 fifth of the area of the State, (10,000 square miles,) and consists 
 for the most part of a narrow plateau, whose elevatihn is 2,000 
 to 3,000 feet above the sea, lying in a northeast and southwest 
 direction, between two parallel ranges of the Appalachians, the 
 Blue Kidge and the Smoky Mountains ; its length being more 
 than two hundred miles, and breadth from 30 to 50 miles. 
 
 MouutciAns. This plateau is not only the most elevated region 
 of the United States east of the Mississippi River, but is the cul- 
 minating region of the Appalachian system, and contains its 
 highest peaks and most massive spurs, the Black Mountain in 
 this State being some 400 feet higher than Mt. Washington in 
 IN^ew Hampshire. 
 
 It is traversed also by half a dozen cross chains, which are 
 higher and more massive than the principal ranges above men- 
 tioned. Many of these mountains are more than 6,000 feet, and 
 a number reach nearly 7,000; the Black is 6,700, and the Smoky 
 6,660 feet; Mt. Washington, N. H., 6,288. The plateau is sub. 
 divided therefoie into a number of smaller plateaus or basins, 
 bounded on all sides by mountains, and each having its own in- 
 dependent drainage system. The Blue Ridge, which bounds 
 this plateau eastward, separates it from the 
 
 Middle Region of the State, which may also be described as a 
 low plateau, whose western side has an elevation at the foot of 
 the Blue Ridge of 1,000 to 1,200 feet, and is roughened 
 by many spurs of that chain two and three thousand feet high, 
 and many of them 20 and 30 miles long. This rfgion descends 
 very gradually towards the east, preserving an elevation of 600 
 to 800 feet for 150 miles, constituting the piedmont and hill 
 country of the State, and having an eastward extent of more 
 than 200 miles, and an area of more than 20,000 square 
 miles. 
 
 The Eastern SecMon, which lies on the seaboard and extends 
 
122 PHYSIOGEAPHIO DESCEIPTION. 
 
 inland 120 to 150 miles, is for the most part comparatively level, 
 or but little rolling and hilly towards the west, and is about 
 equal in area to the last, containing about 20,000 square miles 
 of territory. This region is diversified by many Sounds, Bays 
 and Lahes, communicating with its many large navigable rivers 
 and constituting, with the connecting canals, an extensive sys- 
 tem of water communication with the eastern and middle sec- 
 tions of the State. 
 
 The reliefs of the surface of the different regions can be readily 
 understood by reference to the accompanying physiographic 
 map and profile; the gradual rise from the coast to one huu" 
 dred feet at an average distance of 75 miles from it; the some- 
 what more rapid inci'ease of altitudge, which brings the surface 
 to 200 hundred feet of elevation within the next 50 miles; and 
 at the same time the inci'eased irregularity in the varying course 
 of the relief lines; the persistent acceleration in the rise of the 
 land in the piedmont region, the sudden sweep upward, of the 
 great escarpment of the Blue Kidge, of more than 1,500 feet; 
 and the gradual descent of the mountain plateau from the Blue 
 Ridge toward the west, (its average elevation exceeding 2,500 
 feet) while the mountains continue to increase in height, quite 
 to the extreme boundary, in the Great Smoky Range. 
 
 There are several smaller plateaus that (having an extent of 
 some hundreds of square miles), rise to an altitude of 3000 to 
 4000 feet; the most extensive of these forms the base of the lofty 
 ragged ridge of the Grandfather, in Mitchell and Watauga 
 counties. 
 
 Rivers. There are seven large rivers, flov/ing east (to south" 
 east) through the middle and eastern divisions of the State, be- 
 sides nuinejou.- smalioi sti'earas, which furnish iiuletinite water 
 power through the middle section; and in the eastern, together 
 with the bays and sounds, they give an aggregate of more than 
 1,000 miles of inland navigation. 
 
 West of the Blue Ridge there are seven other large rivers, 
 which flow westward into the Ohio and Mississippi, the largest 
 of these being the great Tennessee, which is navigable from the 
 
PHYSIOGEAPHIO DESCRIPTION. 123 
 
 western boundary of this State for a thousand miles to the Mis- 
 sissippi. 
 
 The Roanohe, one of the largest of these rivers, which rises a 
 little the north of the boundary of this State and wanders along 
 its northern borders, for the most part on this side of it, in a 
 general easterly course, is navigable to Weldon, nearly 100 miles 
 from its mouth. By a system of locks and dams its navigable 
 length was at one time more than doubled, reaching to Danville, 
 and many long stretches of it, both above and below that place 
 have always been boatable. 
 
 Tar River is navigable to Tarboro, 110 miles from the sound^ 
 
 Neuse River is navigable to Goldsboro. above 100 miles from 
 the sound, and with little difficulty to Smithfield, some 30 miles 
 further. 
 
 Cape Fear River is navigable to Fayetteville, 140 miles ; and 
 slack water navigation was established more than 100 miles 
 further a few years ago, about one half of which has been r«- 
 cently re-02:)ened. This brings water transportation half way 
 from the Atlantic to the Blue Eidge, and within 115 miles of 
 it, in a direct course; and by the completion of a single missing- 
 link of railroad connection of 50 miles, the head of navigation 
 on this river will be connected with the railroad systems of Ten- 
 nessee and Virginia and with the great Ohio Valley and the 
 Northwest. These last three rivers rise in the middle region of 
 the State, and have a southeast course, wholly within its ter- 
 ritory. 
 
 The Yadhin and Cataiuda Rivers, like the Roanoke, take their 
 rise in the Blue Eidge, and flow eastward (and a little north), 
 but only about one half their course, then making a right angle 
 turn they take a direction nearlj^ south into the territory of 
 South Carolina. Both these rivers have many boatable reaches, 
 of considerable extent, and some sixty years ago both were im- 
 proved so as to connect these navigable portions, and were used 
 for some years as highways of commerce, almost to the foot of 
 the Blue Eidge. 
 
 Broad River, although it attains considerable volume by the 
 
134 PHYSIOGEAPHIC DESCEIPTIOK. 
 
 confluence of many large tributaries within tlie borders of the 
 State, very cjuickly crosses the border into South Carolina. 
 
 There are many other riyers, some of them tributaries of those 
 already described, whjch attain considerable Tolume, some of 
 them, indeed, (in the eastern section), broad and navigable 
 streams, the Chowan, for example, navigable beyond our terri- 
 tory, and Pungo, and Alligator, and New Eiver, and ISTorth 
 East Cape Fear, and Black Eiver, and Waccamavf, and Lumber 
 Eiver (Little Peedee), and many others of less importance. 
 Beyond the Blue Eidge the rivers all flow northwest to the 
 Mississippi, except ISTew Eiver, which leaves the State in a 
 northeast course, reaching the Mississippi by Avay of the Ohio. 
 
 Wate?' Poivers. The force developed by the fall of these 
 streams from the table lands and plateaus to the sea, aggregates 
 more than three miUio7i liorse poioei's, exceeding that of all the 
 steam engines of Great Britain or of the United States. 
 
 The Eoanoke, for example, at a point some 50 miles above 
 Weldon developes a force of more than 300 liorse powers per 
 foot of fall, and there is a fall of 100 feet from Gaston to 
 Weldon. 
 
 The Yadkin measures also (near Salisbury) almost 300 horse 
 powers per foot, and taking that part of its course from Wilkes- 
 Ijoro to the State line, aggregates not less than 250,000 horse 
 powers, equal to 10,000,000 spindles. The Catawba (near 
 Hickory) gives nearly 250 horse powers per foot, and an aggre- 
 gate, this side of the State line of 175,000. And the Cape Fear 
 gives an aggregate of upwards of 125,000. Beyond the Blue 
 Eidge many of the rivers, of ecpial volume and much more 
 rapid descent, give much larger aggregates within shorter dis- 
 tances. The French Broad, for example, from Ashville to the 
 State line gives not less than 120,000 horse powers within a 
 course of 50 miles; and the Nolechucky (Toe) exceeds that con- 
 siderably. 
 
 Railroads. There are more than 1,200 miles of railroad al- 
 ready built, and several hundred more projectea, which will be 
 completed in a few years. The completed lines arc indicated 
 on the map. 
 
PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESOEIPTIO]N\ 125 
 
 Seaports. Wilmington, Beanfort and Newbern are the prin- 
 cipal shipping points within the State ; and Norfolk, near the 
 northern border, derives a large part of its business from this 
 State. 
 
 GEOLOGY. 
 
 The geological structure of the State is very simple, the form- 
 ations being arranged in zones parallel to'the dominant moun- 
 tain system, and to the Atlantic coast, and belonging almost 
 entirely to two systems or ages, the Primary or Arclioean and 
 Quaternary; the Secondary being represented only by two small 
 and narrow troughs- of Triassic in the middle region, and a few 
 linear outcrops of Cretaceous and Tertiary near the coast, ap- 
 pearing through the thin eoyering of the Quaternary, mostly 
 along the streams. 
 
 Tlie Archa3an Books, which occupy the western and middle 
 regions, consist of granites, gneisses and schists, of the Lauren- 
 tian formation, with occasional narrow belts of Huronian slates, 
 sandstones, limestones and quartzites ; the most extensive of 
 these belts being 20 to 30 miles Avide, and lying quite across the 
 State near the eastern margin of the middle region. 
 
 TJie Qimternary occupies the eastern champaign section, and 
 consists mainly of beds of uncompacted clays, sands and gravels. 
 The underlying Tertiary, belonging to the lower and middle 
 divisions, (Eocene and Miocene,) are everywhere filled with 
 exuviae and bones of marine animals, constituting an inexhaust- 
 ible resource of manurial matter, in the form of marl. 
 
 MliSTEEALS. 
 
 Are found in great variet}^ and abundance over a large part of 
 the State. Among the more useful and important, are the fol- 
 lowing : Marl, Iron, Coal, Peat, Limestone, Gold, Copper, 
 Silver, Lead, Zinc, Mica, Graphite and Gortindutn; besides 
 Ma.nganese, Ivaolin, Fireclay, Talc, PyropliyUitd, Whetstone, 
 Grindstone and Millstone grits, a great variety of building stones. 
 
lU PHYSIOGEAPniC DESCEIPTION. 
 
 Ser^jenfinj, Marble, Chroynic Iron, Barytes, Oil Shales, Bulir- 
 stone, Roofing Slates and several precious stones, as Diamond, 
 Agate, Garnet, Sapphire, Ruhy, Beryl and Amethyst. 
 
 Marl is found only in the eastern region, but is very abund- 
 ant in some 25 counties, occurring in extensive beds, whicli 
 contain all the elements of a complete and permanent fertilizer, 
 an occasional dressing, (once in 15 or 20 years,) being sufficient 
 to render a poor soil permanently productive, ^'his is the most 
 valuable mineral in the State, as it is easily accessible to more 
 than half of its farming lands, and is applicable to all crops. 
 
 Iro7i . The State contains a vast quantity of iron ore of every 
 va^^iety, distributed OTer a very wide area from the head of nar- 
 igation on the Roanoke, for example, for nearly four hundred 
 miles T/estv\'ard, to the extreme limit of the State, being found 
 in workable quantities in not less than 30 counties. But a more 
 important fact than the variety or the abundance, or the wide 
 distribution of these ores is the remarkable purity of many of 
 the deposits. Iron has been smelted for a hundred years in the 
 middle and western counties, both in forge i and furnaces ; but 
 only in quantities sufficient for neighborhood consumption. 
 Much of this iron, though so rudely prepared, is equal to the 
 best Swede, being of course, like that, reduced with charcoal. 
 The most abundant kind of ore is Magnetite, and most of the 
 iron hitherto manufactured in the State has been made of it ; 
 but Eed Hematite is scarcely less abundant, and Limonite is 
 very common. Two kinds of carbonaceous ore occur in associ- 
 ation with the coal, viz : the Scotch Black Band and Ball ore, 
 (calcareous siderite). Many of the beds of the tAVO former ores. 
 Magnetite and Red Hematite, are entirely free from both Sul- 
 phur and Phosphorus ; some of them contain Manganese, others 
 Titanic Acid, and still others both of these minerals, together 
 with a small percentage of Chromium. Such deposits in such 
 quantities and of such purity, remain undeveloped only becaus 
 occurring in a region heretofore little accessible, and wholly de- 
 voted to agriculture. But their high value for the manufacture 
 of the best kinds of cutlery steel, and for the Bessemer rail is 
 bringing them prominently into notice and demand. A re- 
 
PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESOEIPTIOK 127 
 
 ference to the map will give a general view of tlie v/ide distri- 
 bution of these ores. 
 
 Goal. The coal of this State is of Triassic age, mostly bitum- 
 inous; is a good smith -and gas coal, and is also well adapted to 
 iron smelting when coked. There are two coal beds, both in the 
 middle region, one on Deep River, mostly in Chatham county, 
 the other on Dan River, (upper waters of the Roanoke,) in 
 Rockingham and Stokes counties. The thickness of the work- 
 able seams ranges from 3 to 7^ feet. The outcrops are respes- 
 tively estimated at about 30 and 40 miles, and the probable 
 breadth at about 3 miles in one case and 1 to 2 in the oth3r. 
 Both of these coal beds are in immediately proximity to some 
 of the most extensive and valuable iron are deposits in the State, 
 and on navigable streams. Their j)Osition is indicated on the 
 map. 
 
 Feat exists in very large quantities, (several hundred square 
 miles in area and many feet thick,) in the counties near the 
 seaboardi.. It is used., extensively as a fertilizer by the best far- 
 mers, and will douptless some day be of great value for fusl. 
 ■ Limestone, though not abundant in the State, is found in more 
 than 20 counties; some of them in the eastern, some in the mid- 
 dle, and some in the western region. That in the east is of Eocene 
 age and is a shell conglomerate, valuable both for building pur- 
 poses and for the manufacture of lime. The limestones of the 
 middle and western regions are of Huronian (Pre-Silurian) age, 
 and are frequently crystalline, and in several counties consti- 
 tute a very good marble, in Cherokee and Macon especially, 
 Avhere are found several fine varieties and colors of this stone, 
 white, black, grey, red, flesh-colored, banded and mottled. 
 
 Gold is very widely distributed through the older rocks of the 
 middle and western sections, being found in workable quantities 
 in 29 counties, as shown on the map. The first gold mines in 
 the United States were found here about 1820, and they were 
 wrought on a very large scale until 1847, yielding many millions 
 of dollars. There has been comparatively little done in these 
 mines since the discovery of the California deposits, although a 
 nmmber of mines are still wrought from Halifax © Cherokee. 
 
128 PHYSIOGEAPHIC DESCEIPTION, 
 
 The mineral is found in various gangues, besides the iv&e gold 
 of the drift or gravel beds, chiefly in quartz, quartzitic slates 
 and conglomerates, chloriticand talcose slates, felspathic slates, 
 limestone and gneiss. Before the discovery of the California de- 
 230sits, the largest nugget in the world had been obtained from this 
 State, (Cabarrus county,) weighing 28 j)ounds. 
 
 Silver, Lead and Zinc have been mined to some extent for 
 more than 30 years in middle region, chiefly in Davidson coun- 
 ty, at Silver Hill and the neighboring mines, and recently they 
 have been discovered in several of the western counties. 
 
 Copper has been found in more than a dozen counties, and a 
 large number of mines have been opened in the last 20 years 
 throughout the middle and mountain regions, and were 
 wrought quite extensively before the war. Four or five of 
 themhave been re-open ened since, and one. Ore Knob in Ashe 
 county, has been put in operation on a large scale. 
 Its ores occur in rocks of both Laiirentian and Huro- 
 nian age, chiefly in a gangue of quartz, but also in horn, 
 blende slate, syenite and tremolite, and in talcose slates. Most 
 of the gold veins of the State contain copper in large part, and 
 some of the mines of co|)per were first oi^ened as gold mines. 
 It exists mostly in the form of copjDer pyrites, although the 
 other common ores are of frequent occurrence. 
 
 Mica. A great many mines of this mineral have been opened 
 in "CnQ, last 6 or 8 years, in some of the western counties of the 
 State, in the Arehsean rocks. It is found in ledges (veins) of 
 very course granite. Many of the plates of Mica are of remark- 
 able size, reaching 3 and even 4 feet in diameter. It is used 
 chiefly in the manufacture of stoves, and the mining of it is a 
 very profitable and rapidly growing industry. 
 
 Graphite is very abundant in the State, both in the middle 
 and west, existing chiefly in large bedded veins, generally more 
 or less earthy and slaty, but occasionly quite pure and crystal- 
 line. It has been wrought on a large scale at several . points. 
 One vein, a few miles from the Cajoital, is one of the most ex. 
 tensive known, having been traced 15 miles. 
 
 Corundum, has been found in large quantities in several coun- 
 
PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION. 129 
 
 lies on both sides of the Blue Ridge, and is now extensively mined. 
 Several rubies and sapphires have been obtained, and among them 
 a ruby crystal of 312 pounds, which is in the cabinet of Amherst 
 College Masp. The principal use of this mineral however, is in the 
 manufacture of the better kinds of emery, for which purpose it 
 has no equal. 
 
 Chromic Iron is of common occurrrnce in the same region. 
 
 Manganese Several veins of the Black Oxide, of considera- 
 ble extent have been found, 
 
 Barytes is found in large veins in the western and middle 
 counties, and is exported to the Northern States, to be used, 
 among other things, in the manufacture of paints as a substitute, 
 in part or whole, for the lead carbonate. 
 
 Building stones, granite, marble and sandstone abound every- 
 where. 
 
 Half a dozen Diamonds have been found accidentally in 
 washing gold gravels, some of them of considerable value. 
 
 Oil Shales exist in great thickness in connection with the coal 
 ))eds and yield a large per centage of oil. 
 
 The other minerals mentioned are of common occurrence. 
 
 Of mineralogical species there is a larger number found in 
 this State than in any other of the United States. 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 
 By reference to the isotherms on the map, it will be seen that 
 the climate of North Carolina corresponds to that of northern 
 middle Italy and southern and middle France, being tempered on 
 one side by the Atlantic ocean and on the other by the high peaks 
 and table lands of the Appalachian mountains. And as the 
 State has so great a length from east to west, as well as so con- 
 siderable an elevation in one part (3,000 and 4,000 feet,) the 
 range of climate is very great, from suUropical on the coast, 
 withm the influence of the Gulf Stream, to cold temperate on 
 the tablelands of the west. The isothermal in the one case, (at 
 Smithville, the extreme southeast,) being 66°, (that of Alexan- 
 dria, in Egypt,) and in the other (at Boone, the higher Moua 
 
 9 
 
130 niYSJOGlJAPIC DESClllPTION. 
 
 tain plateau in the west.) al)out 51'-', which is that of New 
 York and of Paris. France;! luit of tlie plateau about Grandfather 
 monntaiu, 45"-', whicli corrospouds to Ontario, Canada, and Sas- 
 catclicwaiK tlie middle region falling under the line of 60"", 
 which is that of Nagasaki, (Japan,) Athens, Gibraltar, &c. 
 
 The following tablos of temperature, rainfall &c. , made out, 
 from observations taken through a series of years in all parts of 
 the State will show the range, relations and general character of 
 tlie climate better than any description. 
 
PHYSiOdKAl'HlC DESCRIPTION. 
 
 131 
 
 
 : in -^ iri cc iv cc CO -^ Tt< ir:; :£ cc ;:^ ic; i>. 
 
 
 
 
 ,~i r- C5 l£t ?- Cit r-H .— lO ^O C: O ^ CO X) lO <:_ 
 
 Ln; lO -^ -rji CO c^s (M c-i CO -^ ^t< 1^- <x> cc CO in:: i> 
 
 OO — irzoi— '-t^r-Hjr:t--HOi 
 
 
 
 OOOCOO'>4COtH? 
 
 : ©^ CC CO C5 CO C 
 
 SOir5T^G>Jf-(r-ir— iIOr-1 
 
 ■uoij;>t>s 
 
 ■ ci -t' -^ a; ctr. :<i ~. CO. CO co. 
 
 
 
 n^us 
 
 fH '.-^ :r^ CO t-- -r o CO t- i 
 : lO CO -M ^ G^( :o CV I— . f 
 
 00 c^ 04 r- t- o :::> T^ -* -^ C5 in, <>i c cc io ics 
 
 ^1— fCNrCO'^'^U'lDtOirsCOi-lr-iG^iir. .<•. -ir-i 
 
 
 oippijM 
 
 
 P^OiOOoCi-Tt^CD?— GQ'USCOCO^l— C^COi 
 
 tOCO'^t-OOOOujCOC 
 
 :> <Xj oo 00 CO oo 
 
 ■:o<y:>t^oDcooicic:iCccocococcasoocDc 
 
 C-^r— JCOCOOOCOCOCOi— iCMC<H>0OCOi— ('NlO* 
 
 i- i— s- CO oo cs oi oi OS oo i- <:o oo OS oi i— oi 
 
 ■O^'C^g 
 
 
 •uonaeg 
 
 
 .iOCli— IC^CSjrrjT— It— l':t<rHr-H^^5 0':>*i 
 
 •noti^ss 
 
 'aiT?JS 
 
 
 Tt<^-Tjitr;ot'i~i^t— lO^-tii^i 
 
 c3 =-«„• 
 3 i. or 
 
 
13^ 
 
 PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCEIPTIOX. 
 
 C/3 
 
 Ej 
 
 
 2 
 
 ■uoi^oeg njvi;so^ 
 
 OO'-— IcftOOCr. ir^co-^cco*ooao-Tli«D^ 
 
 uoj^Dog aipinnj 
 
 ■" 1 
 
 •uono<>s u.iais'G'a 
 
 t-a.cr.t-c «>c:cr-T,.t-==ot-cc=Cf-' 
 
 •d^li^S' 
 
 :• ot c: CO ct: c; cr.' — i— "' 
 
 'uorpyy u.it>q.S3^w I SS2^ 
 
 00O^C<*CO0OCt!CI— ■--t<0;b-ff4C<»C:<r: C 
 
 ■uoi:joeg orppiis[ I 2^;i^^:z?;:;^j:i^ 
 
 1— »— f— OC^CrCOG^-ttCC.C<»OOCO«3i 
 ■1 CC. CO G^ Tt< CC 
 
 ■uoi;i>^>S uaeayug: I S?I'^*"°^^''^^^'^°°^SSSS&| 
 
 '^ + ^-|-hi— li— (r- (I— I I— I I— II— iCCiT^C^J'Tt^CtT 
 
 •uoti-oat^' u.iojs^AY 
 
 'uo(j,>,^i^ ^ii>i'n\[ ;h*"3^ 
 
 -tcrHT— iCcoOTtikftoOi— (ciirt'-^'-i'C^iirt 
 
 I- 
 
 LiUl^<7iJi^, U.l»J|>i(j^.i ,_, ,— I rH ,_,_,,_( ,-W r-" t—1 i-H CC CC -^ CC -rt" 
 
 rH i-HrHr— ii-H ,— (,-H,— I,— I.— iCOCS|^(?4CC 
 
 ■lIOl4.00g IIJ»*'!).S'U^^ I ^ L^ c^* CO IT? Tp »o r-^ ic c« cc 00 CO r-^ CO CO CO 
 
 ^t-Ht-..— i tC 
 
 *01'b:^S 
 
 r-H r-(i— I r-l »£t 
 
 ^'T oj £ c g d-t- 
 
 
 a, aj 
 > > 
 
 a; dj 
 
 I 
 
PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIO>i. 
 
 MEAN HUMIDITY FOE THE YEAR 1878. 
 
 J ai) UHvy . . 
 FeI)rii;irY . 
 Miirch .". . 
 
 April 
 
 Ma,\ ..... 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 Auo-ust . . . 
 September 
 October . . 
 November 
 December 
 Average . . 
 
 
 lK 
 
 GO 
 
 <rt- 
 
 
 ^- CO 
 - in- 
 
 CD ;:S 
 
 c' P^ 
 
 72 
 
 64 
 
 77 
 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 68 
 
 
 67 
 
 69 
 
 .58 
 
 72 
 
 66 
 
 69 
 
 59 
 
 72 
 
 6S 
 
 69 
 
 73 
 
 63 
 
 69 
 
 72 
 
 64 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 63 
 
 76 
 
 79 
 
 65 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
 82 
 
 68 
 
 76 
 
 i^,( 
 ( * 
 
 80 
 
 69 
 
 79 
 
 66 
 
 72 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 
 69 
 
 72 
 
 70 
 
 73 
 
 67 
 
 70 
 
 a ct' 
 
184 
 
 PH VSIOG HAPIIi C J )EhlC RIPTION , 
 
 §. 
 
 ^ 
 o 
 
 V- 
 
 Qs 
 
 f^ 
 
 P ^ 
 I— ( ~ 
 
 
 
 
 Mil 
 
 k; H cc ;S 
 
 t; "^ t; « 
 ^ W x ?• 
 
 Northerly. 
 Easterly. 
 Southerly. 
 Westerly, 
 
 r — * r t, 
 
 .= =* c iS; 
 
 *< -A M ? 
 
 to CC r- CI 
 
 to 'to fy5 «D 
 
 
 — . ' -^ -If 1- 
 
 C* ^^ r-. IC^ 
 
 S " § 3 
 
 S _i Ci I^ 
 
 ■j'BaX 
 
 
 s^ss^ss^, 
 
 I- O = T— O -f CTl >i5 
 
 irr CC ir: If: ^ --^ o 00 
 
 CNt --H 7^ Ot Gvi ^t (M W 
 
 
 
 CO j M j ci ■ Tfi : 
 
 to icvi !o *Ci ". 
 
 CC. . i-i -co -it • 
 
 -;t< -CO -rH j -)< j 
 
 S :;^ :S :> : 
 
 
 c^ -T(< CC to «:■ ^ t^ -^ 
 
 oc r- c-5 CO -Tti CO C-. CO 
 
 tc-rco^-tt^iciu^cc 
 
 i 
 '5 
 
 CO . « • -■! .CO . 
 
 CO . 1^- ' r- * —■ ^ 
 CC .CM -c^ .o-: . 
 
 tX : oi • .-1 ' r^ • 
 
 T- 'co '.<^ '. <?> i 
 
 iX3CO-t<0O-1'rHC:'* 
 
 05 i-i CC c;. ^ c-^ CO CC 
 
 oi'a5co<y:'cOT-fC<jco 
 
 CO 
 
 s 
 
 ■ g 
 
 CO .CO . CC .CO . 
 
 1—1 . -t< .CO ■ >— 1 - 
 G^ • C^i ■ -^ -co • 
 
 g :S :S '-rZ : 
 
 S :3 :2 is : 
 
 i— ^^u:loo— t^i-Hos 
 
 1— ', rH ?^ 
 
 -*-t^ccooi-to1^^ 
 
 1- CO o ir: oo m 1-1 ic; 
 
 CO 
 
 be ■ 
 .9 
 
 
 O! : CO -co • n'l • 
 
 S :?5 :g :^ : 
 
 c.o ^ C-> ^'>< ^ -^ - 
 
 ^ . J- . o .00 . 
 
 r-l .rl .CO .-f . 
 
 
 
 
 
 >r.-.^cc. i-t^j7co 
 
 '';:;•*:::;•- S:;S "' 
 
 -S-— 3-S 
 
 ir; CO «- I- CD t~ " x 1 
 
 CO 1 
 
 
 ■00(1 
 
 1 
 
 1 ' " " ' 
 
 ^.-.^^COKOCO^ 
 
 —=---- 
 
 COCOCOi-l-^COTfCO 
 
 AO^M 
 
 1 
 
 1 O.I ^ ^ c-1 ^ lO -f O 
 
 ■c.co^«^i.c-..-o 
 
 ^... = ^..-.-.00 
 
 C<1 rHCJ rj< f-H C* OS CO 
 
 •100 
 
 CO. tH r-l CO ^ CO -i' m 
 
 .co = .o>.c„. 
 
 
 CO r-, C> CO r-l ,- O CO 
 
 co^ ocq ^r-iNi-l 
 
 ■4't-^S 
 
 CO IC CO CO CO CO CO CO. 
 
 ccinc^l-hccccrHCc 
 
 -— «"- 
 
 •.8nv 
 
 |co..cooo..oo 
 
 co-tHc<*-ti't»o:c'^^ 
 
 -'—■ ™ 
 
 CO ^ C>> — CO — 153 C-) 
 
 •i'lnf 
 
 1 
 
 1 CO CO -H CO -H to -t' CO 
 
 ^^^^tiPi^ <:•]_( 
 
 — « r-j CO c- -j: ir: i(c 
 
 CO— CO r-, CO CO Oj 1-1 
 
 ■auitX" 
 
 1 
 
 CO -ti CO CO CO CC 00 CO 
 
 T 1 '^ :?^ G^ CC OC i-H CM 
 
 .-H ^ -J CO CO i-o irc 1C3 
 
 COf-HC^COCOCOI-CO 
 
 ■/i3Ia; 
 
 ^-i^co-T^coic-^co 
 
 1— i CC -M ';o ?> -.o G-> c<» 
 
 CO ic> — 1 CO CO M< to ICJ 
 
 CO ^ CO CO CO CO C: GO 
 
 •lUKty 
 
 C0rt<r1c<*CC':c>-t -7* 
 
 -—-<»«- 
 
 CO-f— COCOIC-^<CC 
 
 r-I^Hc^7vlC0C0<r*CO 
 
 Mp.rBi\[ 
 
 1 
 coco.-coco-.cio;s 
 
 3^CCrHG^'>i»-lO-P 
 
 CO-tr— rH.-Hirt'l'rS 
 
 CO.-COCOCO(MS»C-. 
 
 ■A'.qi^d: 
 
 1 CO ^.O r-J r-H CI ^ CO lO 
 
 co^^^...o.... 
 
 COI^^^i-HC0^C^«5 
 
 GO—i?CGO»-*rHCOC0 
 
 •.^.UHf 
 
 rH -f I— < CO GO >-'^ CO to 
 
 
 COlfiOr-tCO^-^Ot 
 
 copW— (»-teoc<J3STj' 
 
 
 '^ -A ''^ .'^ 
 1 •/<; fej ad X CC K £* >^" 
 
 
 s; la a x oi a' s^ z 
 
 ^ JS K -/: •/ -/ i^ >5 
 
 
 •a.LVj.s 
 
 •NULL.ias j,s:v:h 
 
 ■.^COlXJilS HHKUK 
 
 •.><()U,;>HS XSM.tt 
 
PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESOEIPTION. 
 
 135 
 
 COMPARATIVE TABLE OP MEAN TEMPERATURES. 
 
 t-TAE 
 
 MlDBLE gECTION.. . 
 
 Jx'aleiph 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Mai'8<»illes, France. 
 
 Madrid, Spain 
 
 Florence, Italy 
 
 Bastbrn ?ection. 
 
 Currituck 
 
 Naples, Italy 
 
 WF8TKBN' Section 
 
 Anlu-vllle 
 
 Unkn'sville 
 
 Pai'is. Frnnce 
 
 Dijon, France 
 
 Venice, Italy 
 
 SmithirUle 
 
 Mobile, Alabama. 
 Natchez, "Mi --;is-?] 
 
 Austin, Te-xns 
 
 Nicolosi, Sicily. . . . 
 Alexander, Egypt. 
 Jerusalem. Syria.. 
 Nagasaki, Jajiari . . 
 
 Jiooiie 
 
 Cambridge Massachnsetts . 
 
 West Point. N. Y 
 
 Clricaro lUin-is 
 
 Dubuque, Ohio 
 
 B-rliii. Prussia 
 
 Munich, (iermany 
 
 Vi'^nna. Au<?tria 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 5y 
 
 57 
 
 77 
 
 59 
 
 41 
 
 58 
 
 57 
 
 77 
 
 59 
 
 40 
 
 5i 
 
 58 
 
 78 
 
 6(1 
 
 40 
 
 5S 
 
 57 
 
 78 
 
 58 
 
 40 
 
 5S 
 
 51! 
 
 7'. 
 
 59 
 
 45 
 
 5S 
 
 5{i 
 
 74 
 
 57 
 
 44 
 
 5.) 
 
 59 
 
 75 
 
 60 
 
 44 
 
 (50 
 
 59 
 
 79 
 
 61 
 
 44 
 
 60 
 
 57 
 
 79 
 
 62 
 
 43 
 
 60 
 
 5.S 
 
 74 
 
 61 
 
 48 
 
 5:^ 
 
 5-2 
 
 70 
 
 53 
 
 37 
 
 ■ 5t 
 
 53 
 
 72 
 
 .54 
 
 38 
 
 52 
 
 51 
 
 71 
 
 52 
 
 36 
 
 51 
 
 51 
 
 65 
 
 52 
 
 38 
 
 53 
 
 5:-i 
 
 70 
 
 53 
 
 .35 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 73 
 
 56 
 
 38 
 
 fiS 
 
 04 
 
 80 
 
 67 
 
 50 
 
 6i 
 
 07 
 
 7i) 
 
 i;6 
 
 52 
 
 fiS 
 
 67 
 
 8'i 
 
 67 
 
 51 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 81 
 
 68 
 
 49 
 
 f:i 
 
 62 
 
 79 
 
 66 
 
 51 
 
 1)7 
 
 66 
 
 78 
 
 74 
 
 58 
 
 6H 
 
 CO 
 
 74 
 
 66 
 
 50 
 
 63 
 
 60 
 
 iO 
 
 6u 
 
 45 
 
 • 49 
 
 47 
 
 6H 
 
 4^ 
 
 32 
 
 50 
 
 48 
 
 70 
 
 52 
 
 31 
 
 5J 
 
 49 
 
 71 
 
 53 
 
 30 
 
 47 
 
 4 5 
 
 67 
 
 49 
 
 26 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 7li 
 
 52 
 
 22 
 
 48 
 
 -17 
 
 65 
 
 49 
 
 31 
 
 48 
 
 . ^8 
 
 64 
 
 49 
 
 32 
 
 51 
 
 5-.^ 
 
 69 
 
 51 
 
 3-> 
 
136 PHYSIOGKAPHIC DESCRIPTION. 
 
 COMPAHATIVE CLIMATE, 
 
 Mean annual For the State kaleigh, x. c, floeexoe, italy. 
 temperature, 59^ Far. GC 59^ 
 
 Summer '' 75 70 75 
 
 Winter '' 43 44 44 
 
 Rainfall, 45 inches. 48 27 
 
 EASTERN SECTION. 
 BEARUrORT, N. (.'., flENOA, ITALY. 
 
 78 75 
 
 46 47 
 
 8M1THVILLE, N. 0. MOBILE, ALA. N100L08I, SICILY. 
 
 (Sea Coast.) 
 
 06° 66^ 64^ 
 
 80 79 79 
 
 51 52 51 
 
 WESTERN SECTION. 
 ASIIEVILLE. N. ('. \'ENICE, ITALY. BORDEArX, FhANCE. 
 
 (In tlie mountains.) 
 
 54^ 55° 57° 
 
 ' 71 73 71 
 
 38 38 43 
 
 Thus it will be seen that iJie range of climate in the State is 
 the same as that from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada. The 
 influence of this circuni stance is seen in the wide range of nnt- 
 ural and agricultural proviucts, from the Palmetto and Magno- 
 lia Grandiflora to the White Pine, Hemlock ;uid Biilsam Fir, 
 and from the sugar cane and rice to Canadian oats and buck- 
 wheat. 
 
 And while the cold of winter is not severe, U)'-' of F. being 
 
PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION. 137 
 
 rarely passed , except on the higher plateaus, the temperature 
 of midsummer is not so excessive or trying as further north, 
 in New York, for example. While there are humdreds of fatal 
 cases of sunstroke every summer in New York and other north- 
 ern cities, the disease is almost unkown in North Carolina. 
 And while, during a late winter of unusual severity, the ther- 
 mometer several times dropped to 30*^ and 35*^ and even 
 40'- oeloiv zoro waf/ reached but once, and only for a sin 
 gie night. 
 
 The whole of this State is notably adapted to the culture of 
 the grape and the manufacture of wine. The proof of this is, 
 first, that a considerable number of the best American grapes 
 originated within its territory, such as the Catawba, Lincoln, 
 Isabella, Scuppernong, &c. ; second, the testimony of the best 
 observes and growers of the Ohio Valley, and of the whole coun- 
 try; and third and chiefly, the success of the few intelligent ex- 
 periments that have been made. And this opinion is confirmed 
 by considerations of climate, which are demonstrably known 
 to control this industry. It wtis shown above that the larger 
 part of this State corresponds in this important respect to mid- 
 dle and northern Italy, and to middle and southern France. On 
 this subject Humbolt observes, (Cosmos), " we find that in or- 
 der to procure potable win® it is requisite that the mean 
 .annual heat should exceed 49^ ^hat the winter temperature 
 should be upward of 33^ and the mean summer temper- 
 ature u})ward of G^"^" and he cites Bordeaux, France, 
 for which these figures are 57°, 43'-"', 71'-': for this State, 
 to repeat, they are 59'', 43°, 75*^^ When this subject shall 
 be taken up in a practical, and intelligent and business- 
 like way, by persons who understand its regulative conditions, 
 there remains no room to doubt that this will become one of the 
 leading industries of the State. 
 Healtlifulness. Malarial diseases occur in summer and autumn in 
 the champaign country of the east and a hundred miles inland, 
 chiefly along the river courses; not of a ma!ignant type, however. 
 P)ut the middle and mountiiin sections are remarkabl}' salubri- 
 
138 PIIYSIOGIIAPHIC DESCRIPTION. 
 
 •should be upward of 33 '^ and the mean summer temi)er- 
 ature upward of 64'^" aud he cites Bordeaux, France, 
 for which these ligures are o?"", do"^, Tl'-': for this State, 
 to repe;!t, the_y are 59°, 43"", 75"'. When this subject shall 
 be taken up in a practical, and intellig-ent and business- 
 like way, by persons who undersitand its regulative conditions, 
 there remains no room to doubt that this will become one of the 
 leading industries of the State. 
 
 FORESTS. 
 
 It will be seen from the United States Census tables for 1870, 
 that of its 50,000 square miles of territory, 40,000 are still cov- 
 ered with forests. The range and variety of prevalent and 
 characteristic species of grov/th, bsing of course proportioned to 
 those of the climate and soil, are very great. There in fact three 
 well marked and broadly distisguished forest regions, corres- 
 ponding to and dependent upon the three geographical subdi- 
 visions, eastern, middle and western. And while the first sec- 
 tion is characterized by a growth common in. its prominent fea- 
 tures to that in the Gulf States, as the long 'caf pine, cypress, 
 &c., the western or mountain section countains many species 
 familiar in the White Mountains, ;in 1 in New York. Among 
 the most distinctive, abi;;K'ant a;id valuable species are the 
 pines, oaks, hickories, cypress and juniper. 
 
 Fines are the predominant growtli of tlio eastern section. 
 There are eight species in the State, the most important being 
 the Lone/leaf, (Pinus australis,) the Tellow, (Pinus mitis,) and 
 the }J7iite, (Pinus strobus). The longleaf pine is found only 
 in the eastern or sea coast region; the yellow pine abounds 
 throughout the State ; the white pine is limited to the moun- 
 tain regions. 
 
 The Longleaf Pine is the i)redomina:nt growth of the eastern 
 section of the State, and occupies almost exclusively a broad 
 belt, quite across the State, and extending from near the coast 
 
PHY8I0GKAPinC DESOKIPTION. n^= 
 
 more than a. liiuidred miles into the intei'i(,>r, covering a terri- 
 tor}^ of near 15,000 square mile.s. This is one of the most vahi- 
 able of all trees, on account of the number and importance of 
 the uses it subserves. It is shipped in the form of lumber for 
 civil and naval architecture to all parts of the world, and isun- 
 equalled for these purposes, on account of its strength and dur- 
 ability. It yields the naval stores of commerce, known in 
 all paits of the world; the forests of this State furnishing twice 
 as much as all the other States together. From the rosin of 
 this tree is made the rosin-oil of commerce, and this substance 
 also supplies the Southern towns with gas. 
 
 The Yellow Pine fnrmshes an important building timber in all 
 parts of the State. 
 
 The Wltite Pine is confined to the spurs and plateaus of the 
 mountain region, being found in great abundance in some coun- 
 ties, and of great size, 3 feet and more in diameter, and 100 to 
 150 feet high. 
 
 The other species are less widely distributed and less valuable, 
 except the Pinus tasda, which, in the eastern section, sometimes 
 attains a great size, and furnishes an excellent building and ship 
 timber. 
 
 The Oaks rank with the pines in value, and excel them in va- 
 riety of uses, number of species and extent of distribuf ion. While 
 a single species of pine gives character to about one third of' 
 the forest area of the State, the oaks dominate not less than two- 
 thirds. There are 20 s})Ocies in the United States, all of them 
 found in ]S"(n-t!] Carolina, with possibly onf insignificant excep- 
 tion. Among these the most important are 
 
 The While Oaks, of which there are several species, the most 
 valuable, Quercus alba, Q. obtusiloba, (Post Oak,) and Q. pri- 
 nus, forming extensive forests in all sections ol the State. On 
 account of their strength, durability and great abundance, their 
 uses are important and manifold, both for domestic pui'poseg 
 and for export in the form of staves and ship timber. The ship- 
 yards of Liverpool are already seeking their material in the for- 
 ests of middle North Carolina. 
 
 Several other species of oak are also of wide and varied use^,. 
 
1^ PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESOKIPTION. 
 
 chiefly the Red Oak, (Q. rubra,) Black 0-dk, (Q. tinctoria,) and 
 
 Willoiv Oak, (Q. phellos,) which are abundant throughout the 
 
 -middle and western district, and olten grow to a very great size. 
 
 -Live Oak, (Q. virens,) is found only in the seaboard region, 
 
 whose value in ship-bnilding is well known. 
 
 Hickory. Of this tree there are 9 species in North Aniericc), 
 -and 7 of them are found in this State, and three species in ail 
 •parts of it, and in abundance, and often of great size. Buc lit- 
 tle use has hitherto been made of this tree, except as fuel and 
 -for wagons and handles ; but being one of the most dense, rigid, 
 lieavy and iron-like of our woods, it has recently come into great 
 •demand, and many large handle and spoke factories have been 
 •erected within a few^ years, whose products are shipped by mil- 
 lions to Europe, California, Australia and all mining countries 
 -especially. The forests of North Carolina will supply this 
 world-wide demand foi many years. 
 
 Walnut exists in two species, one, the common Black Walnut, 
 ■^Jnglans nigra,) throughout the State, but most abundantly in 
 the middle and western district. It is the most popular and 
 ■^universally used cabinet wood in the United States, but is so 
 •'Common in the middle and western sections of this State that 
 ■large farms are fenced with it. 
 
 The Chestnut, (Castanea vesca,) is one of our largest forest 
 itrees, sometimes 10 feet in diameter and 80 to 90 feet high, 
 found mostly and abundantly in the Piedmont and mountain re- 
 gions of the State, where it is much esteemed and used for fenc- 
 ing on account of its great durability and facility of working. 
 It is also valued for its abundant crop of fruit, which, with the 
 acorns of the oaks, is the principal dependence of the hog-raisers 
 ■of the mountain counties. 
 
 Poplar, (Linodendrou tulipifera,) is one of the largest and 
 
 handsomest of our forest trees, and occurs in all jaarts of th'"! 
 
 .'State, attaining its greatest size in the mountains. It is much 
 
 used for building and other domestic purposes as a substitute for 
 
 pine, combining lightness and facility of working with rigidicy 
 
 ..aua durability. 
 
PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION 141 
 
 Cyjjress, (Taxodium distichum,) abounds in the swamps and 
 lowlands of the east, forming the almost exclusive growth of se¥-- 
 eral thousand square miles of territory. It grows to a great, 
 size, the wood is very light, durable and much used for the man- 
 ufacture of shingles, which are exported in immense numbers tO' 
 all the Northern Atlantic ports. It is also used for building- 
 purposes, and for staves and telegraph poles, water vessels, &c. 
 
 ,Ju)ivpev, or White Cedar, (Cupressus thyoides,) is found iti 
 the same region, though not so abundant, and is used for the- 
 same purposes as the cypress, especially for shingles and cooper- 
 woi'k, for which it is even preferred to the latter. 
 
 Besides these are the Maple, (6 species,) Birch, (3 species^)' 
 Beech, Ash, (4 species.) Poplar, (3 species,) Elm, (3 species,)- 
 Mulberry, Sassafras, gum, (4 species,) Dogwood, Persimmon^. 
 Holly, Locus, (3 species,) Sycamore, Linn, (Linden or Lime, 3 
 species,) Buckeye, (2 species,) Wild Cherry, Red Cedar, White 
 Cf^dar, Magnolia, (7 species,) AVillow, (4 species,) and others, of 
 various uses in domestic economy ; many of them valued as 
 shade and ornamental trees, a number of them much prized as 
 
 Cabinet IVoo/ls ; among wliich maybe mentioned the Blacl- 
 Walnut, already described, the Red Cedar, the Blade BircJi or- 
 Mountaln Maliogany and Wild Cherry, both of very ornamental' 
 grain, taking a high polish; and so also the Curly ar\d Bird^s- 
 Eye 3Iaple ; the Holly, a. beautiful, close-grained, white wood_ 
 taking a brilliant polish. It will readily be imagined what va- 
 riety, |.richness and beauty these numerous species, belonging t&- 
 so many and widely differing families of plants, must impart tc^- 
 the^forests, and what a vast mine of wealth they must become !»•. 
 the near future. 
 
 AOUJ>. 
 
 The soils of the eastern section are gei:er«lly sandy and of mod- 
 erate fertility, (with occasional ridges very sandy and sterile); butr 
 along the streams are wide bottoms., and stretching out manv- 
 miles from the bays and sounds, immense level tracts of clayey 
 
142 PHYSIOGEAPHIO DESCRIPTION. 
 
 loam of great depth and fertility, producmo- 20 to 30 V)ushels of 
 wheat, or a bale of cotton to the acre. And on the flatfish 
 swells, between the mouths of the great rivers, and around, the 
 margins of the lakes va^t ti'acts of swamp lands, covered with 
 dense forests, of a dark peaty ^-oil of great depth and innxhansti- 
 • ble fertility, producing the largest ci'ops (50 to 75 bushels of 
 corn) for 100 years in succ -ssion without manure. 
 
 In the middle and western districts, tlie region of predomi- 
 nant oak groAvth, the soils are of every variety of composition, 
 and every grade of iert:ility. They nuiy be generally ckscnbed 
 as clavey and gravellv loams, ex(/ept the river bottoms, which 
 are chiycy and sandj loams. iVs tJiese soils are for the most part 
 derived from underlying granitic rocks by simple chemical de- 
 <3ompositi(»n, they' are arranged in parallel northeasterly zones of 
 fertile and ])Oor soils, but ali eapi;b!e of iudehnite improvement 
 by (,he hand of intelligent iniisbandrj. Tijis great vaiiety of 
 soils, together witii the wide range o/ climatic conditions, gives 
 rise to the greatest variety of natural products, and lays the 
 foundation for an immense range of agricultural productions. 
 ■One remarkable feature of the mountain section is that the high- 
 -est ranges and peaks are covered with soil, and heavy fortsts 
 v'Crown their highest sttmmits and steepest declivities. 
 
 I^A-RT III. 
 
 THE POLITICAL AND 80CLVL CONDITION OF OUR 
 
 PEOPLE. 
 
 The Constitional Government of North Carolina is founded 
 upon stich principles of equity and justice as have commanded 
 the reverence and regard of its citizens. The history of no 
 people perhaps shows a code of la.ws better suited to guard the 
 personal rights of the citizen than Ihat which constitutes its 
 
PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION". 143 
 
 plan of popular government. Hence the blessings of civil and 
 religious liberty are nowhere else more firmly secured than in 
 North Carolina. 
 
 Prefixed to its constitution is a declaration of rights in which 
 is embodied all of the guarantees of liberty usually found in the 
 constitutions of American States. The (xoYcrnment is divided 
 into Executive,Legislative,and Judiciary Departments, with pro- 
 jjer checks and balances to protect the people against opijres- 
 sion and injustice. The allegiance of the State to the constitu- 
 tion and government of the United States is affirmed and its 
 sight to secede from the Union, is denied. Slavery and invol- 
 untary servitude except for crime is abolished. The payment 
 of any debt or obligation incurred in the war against the United 
 States or any claim for slaves liberated by emancipation, is pro- 
 hibited. Imprisonment for debt, except i'lca:-:^ of fraud, is abui- 
 islicd and m no case is the suspension of the writ of habeas cor- 
 pus allowed by the State aiitlionGies. Eefcroactive laws are for- 
 bidden. The military is at all times subordinated to the civil 
 authority. All male citi-ions over the age of 21 years are allo\v- 
 ed to vote and hold of&ce unless convicted of infamous crime. 
 The Governor and Lieutenant Governor are elected by the i:)eople 
 for a term of four years. The Governor is ex- officio chairman 
 of the Board of Education and of the Board of Agriculture and 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Militia forces of the State. He has 
 no veto power. The Lieutenant Governor is ex-officio President of 
 the Senate Branch of the General Assembly, and in the event of a 
 vacancy in the office of Governor, he becomes invested with all 
 the functions and powers of that position. The General Assem- 
 bly consist of the House of Representatives, which is composed of 
 120 members^ and the Senate comjDosed of 50 members chosen 
 from Districts constituted according to population. The mem- 
 bers of the General Assembly ai'C choaen biennually bv the popu- 
 lar vote. 
 
 The Secretary of State, the Trea^ uier, the Auditor, the Su- 
 ])crintendent of Public Instruction, the Attorney General all of 
 wh-mare elected by the people for four years, constitute an 
 Advisory Board or Council to the .Governor. 
 
144 POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION. 
 
 The Supreme Court — the tribunal of hist resort, is coTn])Oped of 
 Ctiree Judges, who are elected by the people for eight years There 
 are nine Judicial Districts in the State for each of which a Judg(^ 
 is chosen by the popular vote of the State, wlio are to 
 preside in the Districts successively: no Judge to preside 
 in one district oftener than once in four years. The General iVs- 
 sembly has no power to deprive the Judicial Department of any 
 power or jurisdiction which i- -i^^+'-ri- ' ojougg to it. 
 
 The Justices of the Peace iu..y be elected by the people oi' hy 
 the General Assembly, as that body may direct. At present, thev 
 are elected by the General Assemldy. 
 
 TAXATIOX. 
 
 In no one ])art of its form of government is its conservative 
 character more conspiculously illustrated tlum by the safe guards - 
 established for the protection of }iro])erty against excessive or 
 unjust taxation. AYhile the number of non property Inddersare 
 largely in excess of those o wring property, and while the ballot 
 } ox shapes and directs the general policy of the State, yet there 
 are proper and safe restrictions against uuju:;t discriminations 
 in taxation. All male citizens between the ages of 21 and 50 
 years are required to pay a poll tax equal to the tax on IIJOO vabx' 
 of property, and all property is taxed according to its assessed 
 cash value. Taxes for county purposes are levied in the same 
 manner, but both State and county taxation combined, cannot 
 exceed for general purposes, two dollars on the hundred dollars 
 value; so that the tax on property cannot exceed G6f cents on 
 the $100 value, for both county and State purposes. Money and 
 all credits must be taxed like other jiroperty. According to 
 value. County taxation cannot be greater than double that of 
 the State except by special ;nithority of tlie Ceneral Assembly. 
 
 KKW DEBTS. 
 
 Until tie bonds of the State shall lie at par. the General 
 
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION". 145 
 
 Assembl}' cannot contract any new debt except ^o repel invasion 
 or repress insurrection, or to supply a casual deficit, unless a 
 special tax is levied in the bill authorizing it. The credit of the 
 State cannot be given to any 23erson or corjjoration unless ap- 
 proved by a vote of the peoj)le, except for the completion of such 
 railroads, as were in an unfinished condition at the time of the 
 adoption of the constitution in 18G8, 
 
 MUlSriCIPAL CORPORATIONS. 
 
 It is made the duty of the General Assembly to restrict the 
 })ower of towns, cities and other municipal corporations in levy- 
 ing taxes or borrowing money, or incurring any obligation that 
 will require the levying of taxes, except for necessary expen- 
 ses, unless approved by a majority of the qualified voters of such 
 corporation . 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 The constitution fully recognizes the duty of the State to pro- 
 vide for the education of the people. The General Assembly is 
 required to provide a general and uniform system of public 
 schools, wherein tuition shall be free of charge to all children 
 between the ages of six and twenty one years. The white and 
 colored children are to be taught in seperate schools. 
 
 The State University is established and the General Assembly 
 is commanded to provide that its benefits shall be extended as 
 far as practicable to the youth of the State, free of charge. The 
 General Assembly is likewise ordered to maintain, as soon as 
 practicable in connection with the University, a Department of 
 Agriculture, of mechanics, of mining, and of normal instruction. 
 A reference to the chapter in this Hand Book on the Univer- 
 sity, will show that a beginning has been made in carrying out 
 these iirovisions. 
 
 A permanent school fund is commanded to be provided. To 
 this belongs net proceeds of the sale of swamp lands of this 
 
 10 
 
146 POLITICAL AND- SOCIAL CONDITION. 
 
 State wliich may here after be of great value. At least three 
 fourths of all the poll taxes are to be used for the support of/the 
 public schools, also all tines, penalties and forfeitures, and 
 the proceeds of taxes specially levied by the State or county, for 
 this purpose. 
 
 HOMESTEADS AN"D LIEN'S. 
 
 The Homestead provisions of the Constitution are very liberal. 
 Homesteads are allowed to the amount of $10UU value ard per- 
 sonal property to the amount of 1^500. The homestead is not 
 only exempt during life of owner, but after death during the 
 minority of any of his children, and also during the widowliood 
 of his wife. 
 
 Married women retain all their real and personal property ex- 
 empt from the debts of their husbands. Liens of mechanics and 
 laborers for their work are required. 
 
 PUNISHMENTS AND CHARITIES, 
 
 The death penalty is only inflicted for murder, arson, bur- 
 glary and rape; the General Assembly having power to abolish 
 it in all cases if deemed advisable. A Penitentiary is to be 
 built, and Houses of Correction are authorized. Corporal pun- 
 ishment is abolished. The health and comfort of prisoners must 
 be secured. Females and males cannot be confined together. 
 Orphan houses, Asylums for the insane, and the deaf and dumb 
 and the blind are to bo established. Duelling or ch:illenging to 
 fight, subjects the offenders and their seconds to disqualification 
 to hold office in tlie State. 
 
 AN[f':\l>MKXTS 
 
 To the Constitution can be tnade by a Convention of the peo- 
 ple, which can only be called by a vote of the people after the 
 question is submitted to them by two-thirds of all the members 
 
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION. 147 
 
 'Of each House of the General Assembly. The General Assem- 
 bly can also, without" calling a Convention, alter the Constitu- 
 tion, but only after a three-fifths vote of each House, and then 
 submitting the proposition to a vote of the people. It will thus 
 be seen that hasty tampering with our fundamental law is pre- 
 Tented. 
 
 THE EELATIOKS OF THE EACES. 
 
 The homogeneity of our white population, as will be seen by 
 Tcference to the census tables, is more perfect and unbroken 
 than that of any Scate, or even of any organized territory in the 
 Union. While, in this rushing age of progress in which Scates 
 and cities spring into existence as if by magic, this fact may be 
 ^presented as an evidence of a want of enterprise, it is equally 
 couvenieat and reliable as proof of that conservatism which en- 
 -sures domestic peace and tranquility, and which has ever distin- 
 guished our population for its law abiding character. If it be 
 argues;! that our State is behind others in adopting and utilizing 
 those agencies which give them prominence in wealth and popu- 
 lation, it must be admitted that we are correspondingly behind 
 in the statistics of crime. Prior to the war between the States, 
 we had a system of labor which had been perfected by the expe- 
 rience of generations, and was entirely satisfactory. Our 
 slaves, well fed, well clothed and well cared for, furnished all 
 the labor required by our system of agriculture. Individual 
 wealth and its resultant inflaence could not be so surely ac- 
 quired as by the augmentation of landed domain and the malti- 
 plication of slaves. No outlay, except for luxuries, was^ueces- 
 sary, for with soils of such varied productive capacity, with 
 mechanics among his slaves, t'le North Carolina planter had, as 
 .it were, a little world of his own, defined by the limits of his 
 farm. Hence we did not desire or need immigration, but were at 
 all times ready to lend willing aid in diverting it from our borders, 
 as we conceived its introduction would be a disturbing element ia 
 'Onrsv^stem . Since tlie war various iniluences have ccuisuired to 
 
148 POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION. 
 
 prevent immigration to our State to any considerable extent. 
 Hence, since political emissaries and designing corrupt men have 
 exhausted their powers for evil over the colored citizen, the 
 (juestion fraught with such important results to both races i? 
 i>laced in the hands of the former master and the former slave, 
 for solution. The political rights of the negro arc guaranteed 
 by ample and liberal provisions in our organic law". He is and 
 will be under our law the architect of his own fortune, having 
 the same rights, the same privileges, and the same encourage- 
 ments to stimulate him to manly effort for his own advance- 
 ment and promotion, as the white man enjoys. Liberal provision 
 is also made for his education, and for attending to the wants 
 and necessities of the Deaf, Dumb, Blind and Insane of his 
 race. In the great battle of life neither the laws nor the senti- 
 ment of the white people of North Carolina throw an obstacle 
 in his way. He can hold office, vote, acquire property, be edu- 
 cated, and in all these, and other great privileges of the citizen, 
 he is protected equally with the white man. Misled and deluded 
 by the syren voice of the designing and corrupt political dema- 
 o-Qoue, who, taking advantage of his immature and exaggerated 
 ideas of the privileges of freedom, he has wasted many precious 
 years in grasping at a shadow, only to learn at last that tiiebesc 
 friend he has on earth is his former master. A marked change 
 in their bearing as citizens has happily characterized this people 
 in oar State within the past few years. The more intelligent 
 among them are evincing by their course a returning sense of 
 that kind feeling which naturally subsists between tlie races, as 
 is abundantly attested by their utterances in conventions, and 
 public addresses, and the friendly spirit that pervades their daily- 
 intercourse with the whites. Their greatest happiness and ful- 
 lest development as a race can not be so speedily and surely 
 reached as by leaving them and the original white popu- 
 lation of the State to work out their destiny. Many of theni 
 are, by industry and frugality, acquiring property and a com- 
 fortable competence, and their desire for education is almost 
 universal. The feeling of the whites is to encourage them in all 
 
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIO^'. 14 
 
 their legitimate uudertfikings and aspirationr, as is shown not 
 Only by the legislation of the past few years, but by the gener- 
 ous and kind sympathy displayed in numerous ways. To show^ 
 the amicable and naturally friendly relations existing between 
 the races in our State, it is sufficient to say that during the 
 Gubernatorial campaign of 1876 — the last general election — 
 which was distinguished for the lively enthusiasm and party feel- 
 ing it aroused, in a canvass of eighty counties by the distin- 
 guished and able candidates, not a single arrest was made for a 
 turbulent disturbance of the peace. And when the colored citi- 
 zen of jSTorth Carolina shall fully understand that his interest 
 demands a study of the theory of how to make a respectable liv- 
 ing, rather than the theory of political government; when he 
 shall see that he cannot embrace the dangerous teachings of de- 
 signing men without endangeri]^g the hapj^inessand peace of his 
 race, he will then be on the proper road to an intelligent solu- 
 tion of the problem involving his ultimate destiny. 
 
 CLIMATE AND OTHER PHYSICAL COJfDITIOXS. 
 
 Having a central position in the northern temperate zone, 
 North Carolina posse, -es an intermediate climate which not only 
 answers the highest favorable conditions to animal life, but gives 
 to her vegetable productions a range of variety no where excell- 
 ed on the continent. With an area of 50,704 square miles it 
 is about the same in extent as that of England o" of the State 
 of New York. It extends from the Atlantic ocean westward 
 4<S5 mile.'; — one hundred miles beyond the Blue Eidge moun- 
 tains, giving it a greater breadth of longitude than any of the 
 orio'inal thirteen States, and is included between parallels of 34 
 dccrrees and oU^ degrees. It is naturally divided into three sec- 
 tions — the eastern, middle and western. The eastern section is 
 nearlv level, with sandy and rich alluvial soils, large areas of 
 whicli are uuaerlaid v ith immense deposits of marl, and extends 
 from the scacoast vfcstward about 150 miles to a line drawn 
 from north to south across the State a little east of Raleigh. 
 
150 POLITICAL A>CD SOCIAL CONDITIONS, 
 
 The middle section extends from this line,where its elevation is 
 from 200 to 300 feet, to the base of the mountain range where it 
 attains to an elevation of 1200 feet. The western section ex- 
 tends to the Tennessee line, embracing the m own tn'mowi^ jjla tea v , 
 which lies at an elevation of about 2500 feet, tlirougli which run 
 chains of mountains some of whose peaks reach an elevation of 
 about 7000 feet, the highest east of the Eocky mountains. It. 
 will then be seen that our climate is continental in its scope,, 
 and gives our productive capacity a range by which we may du- 
 plicate the products of western New York, or of southern Ala- 
 bama. From the official report of Prof. Kerr, State Geologist,, 
 the following extract is made, as showing the range and char- 
 acter of our climate : 
 
 Annual temperature -59° Far. 
 
 Summer temperature 75 ^" 
 
 Winter temperature 43 " 
 
 Rainfall 4-5 inches . 
 
 Raleigh, Florence, 
 
 N. C. Italy. 
 
 Annual Tern. COo Far. 5'.)^ 
 
 Summer 76 75 
 
 Winter 44 47 
 
 Beaufort, N. C. Oenoa, 
 
 (on the coa*t.) Italy. 
 
 62'^ 61" 
 
 78 75 
 
 46 47 
 
 Asheville, N. C. • Venice,, 
 
 (in the mountains.) Italy. 
 
 54^' 55^' 
 
 71 
 
 f> 
 
 38 38 
 
 f^mithvilJe, N . C. fxirdcaiiv. 
 
 (sea coast) France.. 
 
 66^' 57^ 
 
 80 7L 
 
 51 43 
 
POLITICAL AXD SOCIAL COXDITION 151 
 
 While our siimniei's are longer jet they are not more oppres- 
 sive than in the States of New York or Pennsylvania, and onr 
 winters are far less rigorous. We perhaps have snow as often as 
 in those States, but it seldom lies on the ground aAveek. Cattle, 
 sheep and hogs, are seldom kept slieltered and fed except for pur- 
 pose of fattening, and out door work is rarely suspended only 
 for brief intervals. By reference to the table of Cotton and 
 Woolen Factories in part IV of this volume, it Avillbe seen that 
 although operating in about 28 counties in different sections of the 
 State,but few of our Factories are seldom forced to suspend during 
 winter. The salubrity of our climate, especially of the middle and 
 Avestern sections, is shown in the Health Statistics, and the 
 western portion of the State is fast becoming a popular resor 
 for invalids, particularly, consumptives and 'others afiicted with 
 diseases of the lungs. 
 
 Very erroneous impressions prevail as to the healthfulness of 
 our climate especially among the people of the North. That au- 
 thentic and official information on this point might be presen- 
 ted, a letter was addressed to Dr. S. S. SatcliAvell, President of 
 the jSTorth Carolina State Board of Health, from whose reply 
 the following extract is made: 
 
 '•'The labors of the Board in the great cause of sanitary im- 
 provement and of preventive medicine, have already enabled us 
 to arrive at very gratifying results for our State as bearing upon 
 its sickness and mortality. There are few regions of the whole 
 earth where the conditions of climate are more favorable to 
 health, human comfort, and physical well-being, than are the 
 climatic conditions of JSTorth Carolina, leaving out, as excep- 
 tional, certain circumscribed local regions where malaria is liable 
 to exist at certain seasons. There is not a more delightful 
 climate for pleasure or health than that of North Carolina. It 
 is not excelled b}^ the most favored climatic conditions of Italy 
 or France. The climate of the eastern and middle portions of 
 our State corresponds to that of the middle and south of France, 
 and that of west-ern North Carolina to that of the north 
 of France and Belgium — regions noted the world over 
 
152 POLITICAL .IN D SOCIAL COKDTIO^, 
 
 for tlie geniality and hoalthfuliiess of their climate. The 
 sx)lendid climates of Italy from Palermo to Milan and Venice, 
 are correctly represented in those of our own salubrious and 
 health-giving State. Nor are the topographical features and 
 geological structures of the State, so generally favorahle to 
 ready and efticient drainage — always a prime element of health 
 — less iidapted to the production of the low rate of sickness and 
 of deatli that prevails in North Carolina, outside of those lo- 
 calities of malaria, alluded to as less salubrious and which, un- 
 der the increasing application and dominion of the spade, axe, 
 and hoe, are steadily becoming more and more healthy, as cul- 
 tivation increases. So far as that prevalent and fatal scourge, 
 consumption, is concerned^ it has been found that one of the two 
 small areas of total exemption in the whole country from this 
 dread destroyer of the human race, is found in north Carolina. 
 Nature, whether in the magnificence and wealth of our climate; 
 the fertility and adaptation of the soils as well as climate to the 
 production of the various industries that are most conducive to 
 the prosperity of the people and the welfare of the State; or in 
 the vast wealth of the underlying geological structures of the 
 State, everywdiere asserts, as statistics prove, that there is no 
 State in the Union more healthy than North Carolina. A\'itli 
 the natural conditions of iusalul)ritY existing only in a local and 
 exceptional degree, and giving way. as they will, before the 
 great work of remoNal of preventable causes and preventable 
 diseases, now hap]uly inaugurated in North Carolina, by State 
 authority, in the organization by the last Legislature of a State 
 Board of He;dth, we can but cherish a lively and reasonable 
 hope that the average rate oi' sickness and mortality wall steadi- 
 ly decrease ui'dcr the ojicration of the benign influences of san- 
 itary science. Jir<iiihi ii i.'< lrs>i fJunifltp avordge in the Unilcd 
 Sfafex. Sanitary stalisiics, such as we have been ahle toobtyiniu 
 the prosec'Ui ion of tlic ollicial lal)ors and duties assigned to the 
 Board, coml)ine witb otiici- information obtained from reports 
 and data, in oui' possession, in justifying tb.e opQi'aiion that sick- 
 ness and deatli in North Carolina })reseiits a I'litc less lltan one 
 
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION. 153 
 
 percent against an average of more than one and a quarter per 
 ce7it, taking all the States into the calenlation in deducing an 
 average rate. "' 
 
 ^S^ATIVE PEODUGTS. 
 
 As before remarked there is not an equal extent of teritory, on 
 tlie continent that excels ours for a variety of jn-oducts. The 
 widest diversification in crops is practicable, for we produce 
 successfully almost everythiug grown in the United States. 
 Corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, rice, cotton, hemp, 
 flax, jute, silk, tobacco, peanuts, sorghum cane, broom corn, 
 millet, lucerne, clover, orchard, timothy and herds grass, sweet 
 potatoes, Irish potatoes, hops, peas, melons, strawberries, cran- 
 berries—can all be cultivated and grown profitably in our State. In 
 a large portion of the Piedmont region strawberries and cranber- 
 ries grow wild. Experiments in the culture of silk have been suffi- 
 cientlyprosecuted to demonstrate beyond all question that it could 
 easily be made a great and profital)le industry with our people. 
 Jute too, of v\'hich enormous quanities are being annually consum- 
 ed, has been found, by experiments recently made under the direc- 
 tion of the Agricultural Department, to be well adapted to the 
 eastern section of the State. Early fruits and truck farming" 
 are engaging the attention of our people especially of the eas- 
 tern section, as it is found that owing to climatic influences 
 they enabled to reach the. northern markets from tAvo to foui' 
 weeks earlier than those of V^irginia, Maryland or New Jersesy. 
 During last year peaches ripened in different portions of the State 
 as early as the 2Gth of May. Tlioasands of acres are being de- 
 voted to this industry. One man in Craven county has planted 
 during tlie j;rooint se; '. ' ' ' : :'-,y tlie northern 
 
 markets. 
 
 A})])les. pe.ci'hrs, pvurs. elierri: ots, plums, quiiices. 
 
 grapes and figs grow to great peii'ectiou in nearly all portions 
 ()f the State. Improved varieties ai'o l»eing introduced and iiro- 
 pagated, luid ;; growing inLcroHiMnd aj)|'reciatiou marks the pro- 
 
]o4 POLITICAL AND SOCIAL COXDITIOX. 
 
 gress of 0111- people in fruit growing For a list of the principal 
 fruits best adapted to our State, the reader is referred to au arti- 
 cle on the subject in Part IV of this volume. Apples grow well 
 in almost every county in the State and ripen from May to No- 
 vember. Besides the Scuppernong. the Caiawba, the Lincoln, 
 Isabella, which are native grapes — foreign varieties are cultiva- 
 ted with success. The rapid transit of our friiits to northern 
 markets, placing it as we did during the past season in New 
 York city, within 18 hours from the time it was plucked in oui* 
 orchards, and commanding by its superior excellence the highest 
 market prices, will greatly stimulate this important and rapidly 
 growing interest. The mildness and uniformity of our climate' 
 and the length of our growing seasons and the increasing de- 
 mand, will without doubt, in a few years build up for our State- 
 an extensive fruit trade. For information as to the productive- 
 capacity of our soils in various sections of the State, the atten- 
 tion of the reader is directed to items furnished by Correspon- 
 dents in Part IV of this volume, as also to Part II for the great 
 wealth of the State in her timbers, building stones and minerals, 
 which abound in such rich and varied profusion. Over 100 va- 
 rieties of our timbers are represented in our Museums, embrac- 
 ing all those of greatest commercial value found in this country. 
 In the long list of minerals found in our State (and which ac- 
 cording to Prof. Kerr embraces about 150 different kinds,) is 
 gold, silver, copjier, platinum, palladium, iron, lead, antimony, 
 sulphur, diamond, corrundum; jilunibago, hematite, manganese, 
 mica, magetiteasbestos, kaolin, fireclays, soapstone &c. &c. And 
 to show its importance as a gold producing State, thefnct is de- 
 veloped by the Mint Director in his report December 1877, that 
 to June up 30th of that year,the gold deposited in the Assay offices 
 and Mints from their organization up to that time from all the 
 territory east of the Mississippi river was |:31,l(J4-,'-i'J0.49; of 
 which North Carolina produced 110,370,492.18. 
 
 The natural capabilities of our State may not for years to come- 
 1)0 fully developed. Many that may form an im])ortant ]>art of 
 our economy, are doubtless among the unknown, but it is to be 
 
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIO^sT. 155 
 
 liopecl that the sp'rit of enterprise which hanpily seems to have 
 taken liold npon our peo2:)le, will seek out these elements of 
 strength and wealth and make them contribute their share to ■ 
 the general prosperity of our people. The medicinal herbs,, 
 plants and roots indigenous to our State began to attract atten- 
 tion prior to the war, and were to some extent utilized as a 
 substitute for foreign drugs in our hospitals and by our army 
 surgeons, during the war. Through the perseverance and en- 
 terprise of one firm in Statesville, their trade in these crude 
 drugs increased from about 160,000 pounds embracing about 200 
 varieties in 1873, to about 800,000 pounds enbracing about 1600 
 varieties in 1878. Another enterprise which is attracting at- 
 tention among the farmers, particularly along the line of the 
 North Carolina railroad, especially in Eowan county is the dis- 
 tillation of oils from sasafras and penny -royal (Hedeoma pule- - 
 gioides) By a simple process those oils are extracted and find 
 ready sale at renumerative prices. In the town of Salisbury 
 alone there were sold during the last year, of oil of sasafras 37,- 
 000 pounds, at about an average price of 35 cents per pound, 
 and of oil of penny-royal about 31,000 pounds, at about 80 cents 
 joer pound. It was found impracticable to obtain even approx- 
 imately accurate information in regard to the Naval Store in- 
 terest, on our list of farm products, and while it would be inter- 
 esting to show in detail the value to our peojjle of a 
 trade controlled, chiefly by our State, the Annual export Table 
 compiled by the Secretary of the Wilmington produce ex- 
 change, shows that of the exports of turpentine, tar, rosin, pitch 
 &c. from this country during the year 1878, amounting to 12,444,- 
 788, our port of Wilmington furnished U,15ii, 730, 67. With our 
 varied soils and climate, our treasures of mineral wealth, our 
 abundance of timbers of commercial value, our splendid water 
 powers; the future of our State, can only be limited in im- - 
 portance and power, by their development and utililization. 
 
lo(J POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION. 
 
 MISCBLLAISrEOUS ITEMS FROM STATISTICS, 
 
 From the best available sources the number of benevolent 
 and charitable institutions in the State, is stated to be as follows r 
 Of Masonic Lodges about 240; of Independent order of Odd 
 Fellows 55, of Knights of Honor 19; with 700 members; of 
 Knights of Pythias 9; Councils of Temperance 56; Good Tem- 
 plars 200, with 7000 members. 
 
 The total number of churches given in our table of statistics 
 is 3294 which are divided among our various denominations as 
 follows: Roman Catholic 12; Episcopal 104; Presbyterian 239; 
 Methodist 1321; Baptist 1330. Lutheran 79; Christian 35; 
 Quakers 21; German Eeformed 37; Union 3, Dunkers 4; Dis- 
 cibles 109. Membership of the Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion about 500. 
 
 Of our chief products the following named counties report the 
 largest aggregate yields: Kandolph, wheat 144,819 bu.shels; Row- 
 an, corn, 5'^5,137 bushels; Wake* cotton, 13,441 bales of 450 
 pounds; Chatham, oats, 148,859 bushels; Rockingham, tobacco. 
 3,160,906 pounds; Sampson, reports the greatest number of hogs, 
 and Randolph the greatest number of sheep; Granville oMme^ 
 the most dogs according to the report; Guilford has the largest 
 number of acres in orchards; Cleveland makes the largest num- 
 ber of gallons of wine; Chowan leads in the fishing interest; Wil- 
 son produced the largest yield of sweet potatoes; Randolph re- 
 poits the largest yield of Irish potatoes; Chatham reports the 
 greatest amount of butter. Total amount of honey reported. 
 584,604 pounds; of wool 578,503 pounds; of dried fruits 6,267,- 
 930; GranvilTe hns the greatest number of tobacco factories: 
 Alamance and Gaston the greatest number of cotton factories; 
 each repoi'ting six; Wnke has the greatest number of public 
 schools. 
 *()q1v r.airteeii ot tlie eighcerfii townships in Wake couoty reported. 
 
OUR FUTUEE. 157 
 
 OUR FUTURE. 
 
 We are, aud must of ijecessitj continue to he, an agricultural 
 people. It is triie that the wealth of our forests and the useful 
 minerals are varied and almost inexhaustible, and that the water 
 power of the State is nowhere excelled within an equal area on 
 this continent, yet the great variety of soils, yielding so gener- 
 ously to the labors of the hufcbandman, supplying all his wants; 
 the mild temperature of our climate, free from the rigidity of 
 the JSForthern winters and from the extreme heat of the South- 
 ern summers; and our geographical position placing us in easy 
 access to all the great markets of the world; must make agricul- 
 ture our chief interest. Xature has not only indicated unmis- 
 takebly the part we must, as a State, perform in the onward 
 march of the world's progress, but with lavish hand has bounti- 
 fully supplied us with every essential facility and means to en- 
 courage and aid us. JSTot only can we produce all the leading- 
 staple crops required for the sustenance of man and beast, bnt 
 those articles of high commercial value and importance are 
 found either to exist, or the ca])acity for producing them, in t'le 
 greatest abundance and profusion. And when these truths in 
 regard to our State shall become known abroad, and be appre- 
 ciated at home, it will be found that no people on earth are bet- 
 ter able to take care of themselves than the people of North 
 Carolina. Nature has not only given us the capacity and abili- 
 ty to produce, but has generously provided for manufacturing. 
 Take for example the manufacture of cotton. In Massachu- 
 setts, New Hampshi^-e, or other of the New England States, 
 much of the profits of manufacturing is absorbed by idle looms, 
 locked up througli long winter months by ice, or in the necessa- 
 rily heavy outlay in heating aparatus required to keep them in 
 motion. Here, as will be seen by reference to our table on Cot- 
 ton and Woolen Mills, we are seldom if ever retarded in our op 
 erations in any portion of the State by similar causes. Fuel is 
 
158 OUR FUTURE. 
 
 abundant and cheap, and so of labor for oj)erating. The extent 
 and capacity of our water power is almost iucalculable; and these 
 Yaluable and wonderfully munificent gifts of nature are not con- 
 fined, as many suppose, to our niuuntuiuous region, but are 
 scattered throughout the State. A reference to the estimated 
 capacity, by Prof. Kerr, of oar principal rivers, to say nothing 
 of the hundreds of creeks and branches, affluents of the rivers, 
 and many of which are equal to the far famed Tiber; it will be 
 seen, that to take one half of his estimate for the principal 
 streams, we have m this State the enormous mechanical force of 
 horse power to run all the engines, stationary and locomotive, 
 in mighty old England, and nearly the same strength as is em- 
 ployed in all the mills and on the thousands of miles of railway in 
 this vast country from Maine to California ! And the enormous 
 •expenditure ainiually incurred for coal, to keep these engines in 
 -motion, is here furnished gratuitously by nature. In truth, 
 there are a score of counties in our Suite, either one of which 
 would furnish sufficient water power to turn all the spindles of 
 Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Hampshire combined. 
 ■One single river, (the Yadkin) by actual measurement, supplies 
 ample power to drive ten millions spindles — twice as many as 
 there are in all the factories in America ! And yet many of 
 these worderful and magnificent gifts of nature, surpassing in 
 power and volume anything known to either IS'ew or Old England, 
 -continue to hymn their grand old roaring song unbroken by the 
 the hum of a single spindle. Many of these streams, having 
 their sources in the mountains, and traversing the State to the 
 ocean, gives us, with their numerous tributaries, not only one of 
 the best watered, but one of the best drained countries on the 
 globe. With these facilities at hand, the day is not distant 
 when, by the influx of capital, energy and enterprise, and the 
 restored strength of our people, we may hope to see our State 
 teeming with those varied industries to which she is so well and 
 favorably adapted. Already there are many gratifying evidences 
 -of advancement. With our beautiful homes and fields laid waste 
 '.'by the ruthless hand of war; our systems wiped out; our labor 
 
OUR FUTURE. l69 
 
 utterly destroyed; the accumulated wealth of generations swept 
 ■away as by a breath; onr sons slain; our credit destroyed; our 
 'Utterly inipoveiished condition called for a renewed exhibition 
 •of those high qaalities of manhood always evoked by terrible 
 ■emergencies. That tenacious and indomitable spirit, which has 
 ever characterized our people, nerved them to redoubled and al- 
 most superhuman exertion, and now again our fields are assum- 
 ing their wonted pleasant aspect, and our homes are resto'red to 
 their former comfort and cheer. A general spirit of improve- 
 ment pervades the masses, as is evinced by a constantly growing 
 demand and enquiry for improved breeds of stock, improved im- 
 plements and machinery, and improved methods of farming. 
 But above all does this spirit of progress manifest itself in the 
 -cordial and enthusiastic support of the Department of Agricul- 
 *tnre, the creation of which was prompted aim liiSpired by it^ 
 Notwithstanding the long years of dark adversity through which 
 we have struggled, much of the 1461 miles of railway now in 
 operation in the State has been built since the war, and projec- 
 ted lines now cover the face of our territory as a network, flour- 
 ishing villages and towns have been built, and half the 54 Cot- 
 ton Factories in operation have been erected since the war. 
 
 Now that the animosities and prejudices engendered by war 
 -are happily subsiding and yielding to a more fraternal spirit; 
 now that the delicate political and social relations between the 
 •races are being adjusted upon a better understanding of their 
 nature'; now that our government, like the gracious atmos- 
 phere, throws its fostering and protecting influence over and 
 around all alike, we can confidently indulge the hops that an 
 •era of unr-xampled prosperity will soon smile upon our beloved 
 State. AU-eady are these advantages beginning to attract atten- 
 tion and to awaken a wide spread interest. The flow of immi- 
 gration to the North and West will necessarily turn Southward. 
 The rapid advance in the price of lands, which places them be- 
 yond the reach of those of moderate means; the limited variety 
 of products, with low prices, and heavy transportation to very 
 <listant markets; the scarcity of timbers; the constantly recur- 
 
100 FISH CULTUUK. 
 
 rino- failures to which the farmer is subjected from the ravages 
 of insects and droughts; the long and severe winters, in whicn 
 a large provision must be made for the keeping of stock; these, 
 and many other disadvantages not known to our State, must 
 soon enlist the attention of the intelligent immigrant. Europe's 
 crowded population, agitated and disordered by those financial 
 revulsions to which it is so sensitive, or suffering from those pe- 
 riodical disruptions whifh d^-^rvro-nnl-n labor, will continue to 
 pour inco oi-ir ports its thousHuUs who seek our shores as a rel- 
 ume from these evils. Thousands of the better classes at the 
 North are anxiously looking to the now quiet and peaceful 
 South as a hope of escape from those disruptions of social order 
 which unfortunately threaten to be a source of perpetual dan- 
 ger, not only to their industrial prosperity, but involving se- 
 riously the personal safety of the citizen. The turbulent spirit 
 of their society must give it an unrest which will impel its more 
 peaceable and law-abiding people to seek that tranquility and re- 
 pose now so happily prevailing in our State. And with our 
 millions of acres of unoccupied lands, which can be bought 
 cheaply, and with a population sturdy, honest, intelligent, law- 
 abiding and hospitable, to extend to them a warm and cordial 
 welcome, the day is not distant when our State shall receive its 
 full share of immigrants with their energy, enterprise and capi- 
 tal, that has given such wonderful impetus to the progress of tlie 
 young States of the Northwest. 
 
 THE EISIlINd INTERESTS OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 The magnitude of the fishing interests of North Carolina is 
 but imperfectly understood by the majority of the citizens of the 
 State. In Albemarle Sound, for instance, within a radius of a 
 few miles 250,000 ya,rds of seins are annually used. When the 
 system of artificial propagation of the Anadromons species has 
 
FISHING INTERESTS, 161 
 
 leon enlarged, as it will be, the catch will he very greatly in- 
 creased. Below will be found some facts and figures that give 
 but a portral view of its importance. 
 
 Mr. W. H. Oliver of New Berne writes: 
 
 ■■ The quantity of iisli annually taken is enormous, the quali- 
 ty of some of them very fine and the>ariety very great. It is 
 impossible to accurately estimate tlie quantity, but some idea 
 may be formed from the fact that in the proper season from one 
 to two car loads (50 to 60 barrels) of fresh fish are daily shipped 
 over the Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad. In addition to 
 what is shipped by rail, large quantities are also shipped by the 
 different lines of steamers. This does not include salt fish. In 
 regard to the quality, no fish stand higher. By reference to the 
 New York Herald and other papers it will be seen that special 
 mention is made of the shad from Newberne, N. C. They are 
 spoken of as l^eing the earliest caught and the finest flavored 
 fish carried to New York. The variety of fish caught is large, 
 embracing white shad, mackerel, blue fish, trout, drum, rock, 
 sun fish, pogy, herring, sheep head, robin, chub, pig fish, spot 
 and various small pan fish. This estimate is only for the Neuse 
 river; the quantity caught and shipped from the sounds is not 
 inchided. The number of persons who are almost entirely de- 
 pendent on the fishing business for their support is very large. 
 Doubtless in this section, embracing the rivers and sounds, from 
 eight to ten thousand are supported |by the business. In addi- 
 tion to the shipments of fresh fish in ice, which cannot amonut 
 to less than $100,000 per annum, large quantities of herring, 
 shad, trout, mullets, &c., are salted and barrelled." 
 
 Messrs. W. R. Capehart, of Avoca, and Ed. Wood, of Eden- 
 ton, write as follows : 
 
 " Please find below estimate made of the yearly receipts and 
 expenses of the Albeniiirle fisheries. Number of hands employ- 
 ed 1200: 
 
 11 
 
102 
 
 FmilTXG ISTERESTS. 
 
 TEAELY RKCEJPTS AXD E.\PEiN"SES. 
 
 By average catch ol" herring 
 47,000,000, ar, $3 per thousand, 
 
 By 337,000 shad at lyf cents, 
 
 By 168,000 lbs. striped ba.ss at 8 
 cents, 
 
 By 125,000 lbs. white perch at (.i 
 cents, 
 
 By 1,150 sturgeon at 11.50, 
 
 DR. 
 
 C'R. 
 
 1 175,000 00 
 
 ■t 
 
 141.000 
 03,187 
 
 13,440 
 
 7,500 
 1,725 
 
 00 
 50 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 To expense, estimated. 
 Profits, 
 
 The above does not include the 
 thousands of gill nets. 
 
 Fertilizing material, offal and re- 
 fuse fish, 4,700,000 lbs., suf- 
 ficient for 2350 acres of corn, 
 
 * 
 
 226,852 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 51,852 
 
 50 
 
 giving an average increa.se of 10 
 bushels, 23,500 bushels valued 
 at 50 cents, 
 
 
 1 
 
 11,750 
 
 00 
 
 
 i!^ 
 
 63,603 
 
 50 
 
 The above approximates the catch and its value to North 
 Carolina. Propagation Avi II treble the shad catch for ton years.'' 
 
 Mr. W. F. HoAvland, of Beaufort, Carteret Cfuinty, writes as 
 follows : 
 
 ''There are caught annually about 25,000 barrels of fish in 
 the waters of this county, besides oysters, clams and fresh fish, 
 wliicli will amount to about the same in value. The fish trade 
 is increasing every year. Fine fertilizers cire being made from 
 fish, which surpass any iniiiortatious." 
 
 Messrs. Uall and PearsalJ. of Wilmington, estiiuale this s'.a- 
 kSou's catch as follows : 
 
 5000 packages sold in our nuirket and 5000 sold in other luarkets. 
 These packages are small pine half barrels, and the net value above 
 the cost of l)arrels, freight, con; missions, etc.. is about an average 
 
n SUING INTERESTS. 163 
 
 of -$1.50 each — say ^15,000. The ijroportion of roe mullets has 
 been imusually small tliis season, and the yield of roes will not 
 probalily .exceed 2000 dozen — say 11,000. In addition to the 
 above there is quite a large (juantity of fresh fish sold, to the 
 amount of $5,000 worth throughout the year. It is difficult to 
 estimate this last item." 
 
 PROPAGATION^ OF FOOD FISHES. 
 
 Since the artificial propagation of fish was begun in this State, 
 -May, 1877, very great success has been attained not only in the 
 I)ropagation of shad but also in the propagation and introduc- 
 tion of California salmon, land-locked salmon and brook trout. 
 For the propagation of the latter varieties a cheap hatchery was 
 built at Swannanoa Gap in' Buncombe county, and two seasons 
 of winter work have been completed. 
 
 The following quotations are from the rec«nt Eeport of S. G. 
 "Worth, who has been in charge of the fish operations in our 
 State for the past year: 
 
 •'During the past twelve months, ending the 1st of April, 
 1879, Ave have released in the North Carolina waters over three 
 and one-half millions of young shad, three hundred thousand 
 California salmon, fifteen thousand five hundred land-locked 
 salmon from Maine, and fifty thousand mountain or brook 
 trout. All of this was done at an expense of less than three 
 thousand dollars, and among the expenditures was a sum of not 
 less than five hundred dollars in permanent structures and 
 hatching and distributing apparatus, tools, &c., now on hand, 
 including all salaries. 
 
 California salmon attain an average weight of twenty 
 pounds, and sell readily at twenty-five cents a pound. If 
 we suppose that ninety-nine per cent, of the three hundred 
 thousand hatched this season are never heard from and that 
 the one, per cent, which do return attain the average weight 
 of other waters and bring a price of five cents a pound, the 
 salmon of the past season alone will more than pay the expense 
 of the whole season, including the shad, land-locked salmon and 
 i .ii-.Lt. On examination of the nests of the California salmon it 
 
lU FISHING INTERESTS. 
 
 is found tliat onl}^ eigltf per cent of tlie eggs are impregnated.. 
 By the artificial method of impregnation we secure ninety to 
 ninety-five per cent. After inipreguatioji by the natural meth- 
 f^'X the eggs are left a prey to enemies of innumerable numbers.. 
 Shad eggs are exposed three to five days, and our common pond 
 fishes twenty to thirty, and the salmon fifty to seventy. After 
 hatching^ these fish are helpless, some a few daj's, (.'^had a week) 
 some for months, as in the case of salmon, mountain trout and 
 fall- spawning fish generally. By the artificial methods they are 
 not only almost entirely impregnated, but they are kept in cones, 
 troughs and other vessels, and each day the dead removed and 
 further communication of fungoid growth stopped. And when 
 the young are ready to go out they are conveyed to he(al!<ti'e-((m>^, 
 wJiere other fish are scarce and where cold water suppresses tlie 
 the numerous hosts of insects and crustaceans that abound in the 
 lower and warmer waters. We can see readily, i\\Q.t few eggs ar- 
 rive at maturity, when we recall that one single sturgeon pro- 
 duces seven million and that a number ?6?.?.S' than ten thousa nd -.ive- 
 taken anaually in the Cape Fear. ''If our people look this year 
 for any return from what has been done, they must remember 
 that the patient farmer sows his seed and waits till they have 
 had time to develope and mature. No shad return in one year, 
 and indeed no roe shad ever returned to fresh water till the- 
 tliirrl year, 
 
 "Lonp- ago fish became scarce as the po^^ulation of Europe in- 
 creased and fish culture there is an established thing. Millions 
 of fry are annua^^y liberated from their hatching houses, and 
 such judicious laws have been made as ro foster and protect 
 them " 
 
 la the United States we find shad now flour ishhig in the Sac- 
 ramento river in California, where they were unknown till placed 
 there in 1871. The first results seen on the Connecticut from ar- 
 tificial propagation of shad increased the usual catch .v^re^^/tf/^/. 
 Twenty-five thousand shad were taken in one localit"one moi-n- 
 irg and the Northern markets were overstocked and the i)rico 
 of eighteen dollars per hundred reduced to three ! In that river 
 the Salmon had entii-ely disappeared, hut in 18i2-"73 fry were- 
 
FISHING INTERESTS. 165 
 
 introdnced and since that time sufficient numbers of 13 to 
 18 pounds Aveiglit have returned to justify increased oper- 
 ations. The fruits of past work ar^^ also being seen on the Del- 
 aware, Susquehanna and all other streams where the fish have 
 had time to mature and return. On the M'errimack a dam of 
 35 feet height completely cut off the passage of Salmon to 
 tlieir spawning grounds, and for thirt}- years not one was seen, 
 but by introducing the fry from other streams they have found 
 that upwards of one thousand went over the fishway on the same 
 dam in the first year of their return." 
 
 The alarming decrease in numbers of fish, when brought be- 
 fore the Congress of the United States and impressed, at once 
 led to the creation of a commission for the purpose of enquiring 
 into their decrease, and for the institution of measures for their 
 increase and protection ; hence originated the United States 
 Commission of Fish and Fisheries which has been the great mo- 
 tive power and educator in this branch ever since. Twenty- 
 seven States are now actively engaged in restocking tlieir waters, 
 and I am glad to say that with limited means we have made a 
 very decided beginning in North Carolina in two short years. 
 With the finest shad fishing grounds in the Avorld, and many 
 secluded mountain btreams yet full of trout we are fully capable 
 of supplying every county in the State with as many fish as the 
 people can consume. In view of the fact that the shad caught 
 in our waters sell in northern markets before the run of fish has 
 extended into their streams, and since our sales there bring 
 double tlie price of theirs by supplying the early demand, it is 
 :\'ery plain to be seen that in restocking our sounds and rivers 
 to ten times their present capacity, we can supply every de- 
 mand at home and bring into our State thousands of dollars 
 from abroad. As the truck-farms of the south are annually re- 
 ducing the value of like products on those further north, in 
 supplying the ready demand for early vegetables and fruits, so 
 ■will the fisheries of Albemarle sound and other waters, in like 
 maimer reap large cash sums of money from northern markets 
 if tlie millions of eggs now aunaally wasted on the sein beaches 
 .are only hatched and cared for. 
 
166 RAILROADS. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 North Carolina has nineteen Railroads that are eitlier wholly 
 or partly within her borders, the aggregate length of which, in.. 
 the State, is about 1465 miles. 
 
 ATLANTA & CHAKLOTTE AIK LINE. 
 
 This road has 35 miles of rail in the State^ its termini being' 
 Charlotte, in Mecklenburg county, ]SJ",C» and Atlanta, in Georgia.. 
 Its whole length is 265 miles. It lies in the Oak Belt, and ha.s 
 good farming land along its line. Charlotte is one of the chief 
 inland cities of the State, and has in its immediate neighbor- 
 .hood many valuable gold mines. H. W. Sibley of Xew York. 
 City, is President. 
 
 ATLANTIC & NORTH CAROIJNA HAILKOAD. 
 
 This road lies entirely within the State, is 04 miles in length, 
 and extends from Goldsboro — a very thriving town, situated at 
 the junction of this with the Wilmington & Weldon R. B. — to- 
 Morehead City, on the coast, in Carteret county, near which i.'^ 
 Beaufort harbor, one of the best on the Atlantic coast of the 
 United States. For about one-third of its length it ]iasses 
 through the region of the long-leaf pine. Tlie remainder lies 
 in the belt known as the coast growth, a section noled fo- it> 
 rich swamp lands. Mr. John linglies of iS'ew l^erne. is its l*ru!=- 
 ident. 
 
 ATLANTIC, TENNESSEE .V OHIO UAIIJiOAD. 
 
 This road joins by rail Charlotte and Statesville. and i.< 41 
 miles long. Statesville is in Iredell county, and a connection is 
 
EAILROADS. 167 
 
 made at this point with the Western N. C. R. R. It is situated 
 in the Oak Belt of Middle N. C, and is surrounded by good 
 farming land. The surface of the counties through which it 
 ]);iB3es is undulating, and thesnil varies from grey and sandy to 
 clay. Col. Wni. R. Myers of Charlotte, is President. 
 
 CAROLINA CENTRAL RAILWAY. 
 
 This road is 241 miles in length, and extends from Wilming- 
 ton — the largest city of the State, situated on the Cape Fear 
 River — through Charlotte to Shelby, in Cleveland county, pass- 
 ing through the long-leaf pine and oak regions, from near the 
 coast to the hilly lands of the up-country. This road is bor- 
 dered by some of the best cotton counties of the State, and its 
 western division, from Charlotte to Shelby, traverses a fine grain 
 country. It was formerly known ast he Wilmington, Charlotte 
 & Rutherford R. R. Mr, Chas. H. Roberts of W^ilmington, is 
 the Creneral Manager. 
 
 CHARLOTTE, COLUMBIA & AUGUSTA R. R. 
 
 This road, although 195 miles in length, has only about 18 
 miles within the State. It has important connections with other 
 railroads, notably in the State with the North Carolina Railroad, 
 and at Columbia, S. C, with the Wilmington, Columbia & Au- 
 gusta Railroad. Mr, John B. Palmer of Columbia, S. C, is the 
 President. 
 
 CAPE FEAR & YADKIN R. R. 
 
 This road was, until the recent action of the Legislature, 
 called the Western Railroad. It is completed for a distance of 
 about 46 miles Irom Fayetteville, which is situated at the head 
 of navigation on the Cape Fear river, to the Gulf on Deep river, 
 one of the tributaries of the Cape Fear. Ic passes through 
 Egypt, where there are extensive coal fields, and is in course of 
 
168 EAILR0AD8. 
 
 construction to Greensboro, where it will intersect the N, C. Ji. 
 E.., and thence to a point near the northwestern boundary of the 
 State. This line traverses the region of tlie long leaf pine and 
 the oak belt, through counties noted for the value of their naval 
 stores and rich mineral and agricultnral resources. Col, L. 0. 
 Jones is President, office at B'ayetteville. 
 
 ]S"ORTH CAROLTXA RAILROAD 
 
 This road extends from Goldsboro to Charlotte, a distance of 
 223 miles, and runs through Central North Carolina. At Golds- 
 boro it connects with the Wilmington & AVeldon and the Atlan- 
 tic & N. C. Railroads, at R-ileigh with the Raleigh & Gaston 
 and the Raleigh & Augusta Air Line, at Greensboro with the 
 Richmond and Danville and branch road to Salem — this Salem 
 branch is 28 miles long — at Salisbury with the Western JST. C. 
 R. R.. at Charlotte with the Charlotte, Columbia & Angusta, 
 Atlantic. Tennessee & Ohio and the Atlanta Air Line. This 
 road is now controlled by the Richmond & Danville Railroad, 
 Col. A. S. Buford of Richmond, Va., being President. 
 
 RALEIGH & AUGUSTA AIR LINE. 
 
 This^road is 97 miles in length, and extends from Raleigh, 
 the Capitol of the State, to Hamlet, a station where it connects 
 with the Carolina Central Rxilway. It passet;, chififly, througli 
 the region of the long leaf pine, a section of country well suj)- 
 plied with the material for the production of naval stores. This 
 road is under the same man.igement as the Raleigh & Gaston. 
 
 RAI.KIG!) .\c GASTON RAILROAD. 
 
 This road extends from Raleigh to AVeldon, a- distance of 97 
 miles, connecting at Weldon with the Wilmington & Weldon, 
 the Seaboard *S; Roanoke and tlic Petersburg & Richmond, and 
 
RAILROADS. 169 
 
 -at Raleigh with the Raleigh & Augusta and North Carolina R. 
 R. This road passes through the Oak belt and traverses a fine 
 farming country. The office of the road is at Raleigh. Col, J. 
 M. Robinson of Baltimore is president, and Maj. J. C. Winder 
 of Raleigh, is General Superintendent. 
 
 RICHMOND & DAXVILLE R. R. 
 
 Of this road, which 189 miles long, 48 miles are in North Car- 
 olina, its terminus being at Greensboro, where it has connection 
 witii the N. C. Railroad. It passes through a good farming 
 -country, and through counties noted for the cultivation of to- 
 bacco. Col. A. S. Buford of Richmond, Va., President. 
 
 SEABOARD & ROAXOKB R. R. 
 
 This road is 80 miles long, of which 25 miles are in the State, 
 It extends through the eastern edge of the oak belt, from Ports- 
 mouth to Weldon, in Northampton county, at which point it has 
 connection with the various railroads that pass through Weldon. 
 "Col. John M. Robinson of Baltimore, is President. 
 
 WESTERN N. 0. R. R. 
 
 Of this road about 130 miles aie completed. It begins at Sal- 
 isbury and, crossing the Blue Ridge, will extend to some point 
 •on the Tennessee line. This road, when completed, will de- 
 velope a region of Western North Carolina unsurpassed on the 
 • continent for its beautiful scenery, rich farming lands and inex- 
 ihaustible mineral resources. Mr. .Tas. W, Wilson of Morganton, 
 .is President. 
 
 WILMINGTON & WELDON R. R. 
 
 This road is 172 miles in length, and extends from Wilming- 
 
70 EAILKOADS. 
 
 ton iu a northwardly direction nearly across the State. It has 
 many important connections at Wilmington, Goldsboro and 
 Wfcldon, passes principally through the region of the long leaf 
 pine. It is part of the Atlantic coast fast mail and passenger 
 route. (Jol. Iv. E. Bridgers, is President, and has his oflBce at 
 Wilmington. 
 
 WILMIJSTGTOif, COLUMBIA & AUGUSTA R. R. 
 
 The length of this road is 189 miles, of which 64 are in the 
 State. It runs through the southern belt of the long leaf pine 
 of the State, and passes through a section noted for its supplies 
 of naval stores and agricultural products, especially cotton.. 
 Col. R. E. Bridgers of Wilmington, President. 
 
 JAMESVILLE & WASHINGTON" E. R. 
 
 This road connects Jamesyille, on the Eoanoke river, with 
 Washington, on the Pamlico river, being about 22 miles in 
 length, and has connections "with the boats on both rivers. The 
 general office is at Dymond city. Mr. A. Fisher is the Manager*. 
 
 THE ROCKY MOUNT & TARBOEO R. R. 
 
 This is a short road of 14 miles in length, running from Eocky 
 Mount, a station on the Wilmington & Weldon Eailroad, to 
 Tarboro on the Tar river, in Edgecombe county. This road 
 passes through the region of the long leaf pine, and is situated 
 in one of the best cotton counties of the State. 
 
 THE CHESTER & LENOIR R. R. 
 
 This is a narrow gauge road extending from Chester, South 
 Carolina, to Dallas in Gaston county in North Carolina. It is 
 imder construction to Lenoir, in Caldwell county, and will cross 
 
KAILROADS. 
 
 171 
 
 the Western K. 0. R. R., at Newton. Mr. A. H. Davega of 
 
 Chester, S. C, is President. 
 
 THE PETERSBURG R. R. 
 
 This road has within the State about 12 miles of road from 
 Weldon to the State line. This road connects with the Raleigh 
 & Graston, Seaboard & Roanote and Wilmington & Weldon R. 
 R. Mr. R. M. Sully of Petersburg is General Superintendent. 
 
 THE SPARTANBURG & ASHEVILLE R. R. 
 
 This road is under construction and is completed to a point 
 near Hendersonville. When finished, it will open up a rich sec- 
 tion of trans-montane country. Mr. D. H. Duncan is President. 
 
 ELEVATIONS ON RAILROADS ABOVE TIDE WATER. 
 
 Below may be found the altitudes of some of the principal 
 stations on the railroads as designated. The roads not men- 
 tioned failed to send the necessary data : 
 
 ATLANTIC & NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD. 
 
 Carolina City 
 
 Ifewljern Depot. 
 Dover Swaini).. 
 
 10 feet 1 
 12 " 
 
 (56 " I 
 
 IKinston. 
 'Summit. 
 
 45 feet 
 135 " 
 
 CAROLINA CENTRAL RAILWAY. 
 
 Wilmiiig-ton Depot 
 
 Roslndale 
 
 Bladen depot 
 
 Luml'iprton 
 
 Shoe Heel 
 
 LanrinlHiJ'g 
 
 Ridge near Old Hundred. 
 Rockingham 
 
 10 feet 
 
 127 " 
 
 105 •' 
 
 135 •' 
 
 194 " 
 
 2.30 " 
 
 337 " 
 
 210 " 
 
 Wadesljoro 
 
 Polkton 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 Catawba River. 
 
 High Shoals 
 
 LinooUiton 
 
 Shelhy 
 
 417 feet" 
 
 ,S03 " 
 
 586 " 
 
 725 " 
 
 570 ' ■ 
 
 1001 " 
 
 866 " 
 
 875 " 
 
 CAPE FEAR AND YADKIN, FORMERLY WESTERN. 
 
 Sanford | 353 feeti iGulf 
 
 Jigypt dpot 262 " jjOreHillat furnace. 
 
 Bottom of Coal Shaft (below (ireensboro 
 
 sea level) | 198 " || 
 
 279 feet- 
 496 " 
 829 "• 
 
■172 
 
 RAILEOADS. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD. 
 
 Golclsboro 
 
 Clayton 
 
 Raleigh, depot. 
 
 Durham 
 
 Hillsboi'o 
 
 Mebanesville.. 
 Graham 
 
 103 feet 
 
 347 ■' 
 
 S17 " 
 
 400 " 
 
 539 " 
 
 687 " 
 
 677 " 
 
 Greensboro, depot. 
 
 Jamestown 
 
 Hig-li Point 
 
 Lexington 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Charlotte depot 
 
 843 feet 
 821 " 
 943 " 
 776 " 
 760 " 
 785 " 
 
 RALEIGH & AUGUSTA AIR-LINE RAILROAD. 
 
 Gary 
 
 Apex 
 
 Lash ley's 
 
 Merry Oaks. 
 Deep River.. 
 Sanf ord 
 
 495 feet 
 502 " 
 334 " 
 245 " 
 17. fi •' 
 353 " 
 
 Uiiper Little River. 
 
 Crane's Creek 
 
 Lower Little River. 
 
 Sharon's Ridge 
 
 Drown ing Creek 
 
 Hamlet 
 
 360 feet 
 260 " 
 251 " 
 508 " 
 274 " 
 362 " 
 
 RALEIGH & GASTON RAILROAD. 
 
 Weldon, depot. 
 
 Gaston 
 
 Littleton 
 
 Macon 
 
 72 feet 
 152 " 
 380 '■ 
 376 " 
 
 Warrenton, station 451 " Rale igh depot 303 " 
 
 Ridge way 
 
 Henderson ». 
 
 Kittrell's 
 
 Pranklinton 
 
 415 feet 
 ,505 " 
 417 " 
 417 " 
 
 RICHMOND & DANVILLE RAILROAD. 
 
 Greensboro depot I 829 feetllReidsville. . 
 
 Haw River | 655 " |state Line. 
 
 828 feet 
 653 •• 
 
 SEABOARD & ROANOKE RAILROAD. 
 
 Weldon I 78 feet 1 1 Sea board I 133 feet 
 
 Garysburg | 146 " | iMai-garettsville | 56 " 
 
 WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD. 
 
 Salisbury... 
 Statesville. 
 
 Newton 
 
 Moi'ganton . 
 Marion 
 
 761 fdi't 
 940 •• 
 1021 " 
 1140 " 
 1425 " 
 
 Big Ridge Tunnel 
 
 2567 feet 
 
 Swannanoa Tunnel 
 
 2658 ' 
 
 French Broad River 
 
 1977 " 
 
 Ashevillo 
 
 2250 " 
 
 
 
 WILMINGTON & WELDON RAILROAD. 
 
 Wilmington dei.ot.... I 10 feetllWoldon. 
 
 Goldsboro I 102 " | 
 
 78 feet 
 
 JAMESVILLE & AVASHINGTON RAILROAD. 
 ■General Elevation of stations about 50 feet. 
 
NORTH CAROLINA INVENTORS. 173 
 
 PARTIAL LIST OF NATIVE NORTH CAROLINA IN- 
 VENTORS. 
 
 Many very valuable and useful inventions have been made by 
 citizens of our State which would make an interesting chapter 
 i- the list were complete. The names of all that could be pro- 
 cured are given below with the hope that the names of such of 
 our people as may have contributed to the comfort and material 
 progress of their race by their inventive genius shall be pre- 
 served: Models of inventions of our citizens should be placed 
 in our Museum for exhibition. 
 
 Anson County : Hosea Meggs, hand corn sheller. 
 
 Beaufort County : N. Bell. A e ang plow for cotton and 
 corn, also a harrow. 
 
 Bertie County: Willam and Thomas Turner invented the 
 telegraph, also a sulky clock so as to strike at the end of each . 
 mile and to register it ; also a contrivance to keep sand out of 
 carriage wheels. 
 
 Louis B. Sutton . A guano sower. 
 
 H. C. Eager. A washing machine. 
 
 H. P. Harrell. An attachment for cotton gins to crush the 
 seed for fertilizer, 
 
 Josiah Mizell. A cotton gin.. 
 
 Buncombe County: N. A. Penland. Ventilator. 
 
 Burke County: J. G. Peterson. A printing press, a bridle 
 bit, and sewing machine motor. 
 
 Camden County ': Edmund L. Dozier. Threshing machine. . 
 
 Robert Bullook. An imj^roved cultivator. 
 
 Malachi I). Dozier. An improved plow. 
 
 Caswell County: C. W.. Watson.. iV revolving harrow. 
 
 Catawba County : Levi Phink, Horse collar stuffer. 
 
 .John Davis. Buggy hiib. 
 
 Chatliam County: Jesse Dixon.. Fan bellows. 
 
 ( 'leceljmd Cnunty : Rev. L. C. White. Washing machine. . 
 
 A. J. Hardin. Hardin, truss. 
 
174 XORTH CAKOLINA INVENTORS. 
 
 Craven Covnti/ : John Gill, of Newltern. Ynlciinized Tiulia 
 rubber, used it on th roof of a buildiug about 60 years a,a:o. 
 He also invented the first revolving fire arm. It is said that the 
 celebrated Colt's Revolver is a copy of the model made by Mr. 
 Gill. The original is still in New Berne. 
 
 Oumherland County: J. B. Underwood. Combined chair 
 and treadle power, also coffee roaster. 
 
 Davie County: D. V. Davis. Apparatus for curing tobacco. 
 Duplin C-mnty. Joseph Shine. Cotton planter. 
 James Wyley. Cotton plow. 
 
 Edgecombe County: J. L Home. A cotton planter, also a 
 thresher to clean cotton of leaves and trash, to be connected 
 with a gin. 
 
 Forsyth County: L. J. Bodenhamer. Stalk trimmer and 
 cutter. 
 
 Samuel Martin. A brick machine, 
 
 FranUin County : Fenton Fost3r. T373e setter. 
 
 Gates County : Euclid A Story. Self-acting table fan. 
 
 Robert Corbitt. Revolving cotton stalk cutter. 
 
 George Eason. Corn planter. 
 
 There are several styles of cotton planters made in this county. 
 
 Granville County : Mrs. S. A. Elliott. Sewing machine reel. 
 
 Greene County: Messrs. Butts Bros. Railway cotton i)ress. 
 
 Guilford County : Henry Wilson. Turbine water wheel. 
 
 Allen. Brick machine. 
 
 R. E. Sergent. Head block for saw mills. 
 A. P. Borens. Horse plow. 
 
 E. Tate. Grain cleaner, " The Little Monitor." 
 J. L. Jones. Plug tobacco machine. 
 
 Halifax County : P. E. Smith. Cotton planter, and a .sulky 
 and gang plow. 
 
 S. R. Spruill, W. R. Wood and P. E. Smitli. An electric 
 light for buoys in channels and harbors. 
 
 Hertford County: R. J. Gatling invented the celehnited 
 ■^'Gatling Gun," and befor,' he Wiis twcnty-otie yeai's old he it;- 
 
NORTH CAROLIA^A INVENTOES. 175 
 
 vented n wlieat drill, which was. enteiisivel}^ used in the North- 
 west. 
 
 J. H. Gratliug, a brother of R. J Gatling, invented a cotton 
 stalk cutter. 
 
 J. W. Barnes. Cotton i^lanter. 
 
 J. A. J. Askew, Flat iron heater. 
 
 Ifacoii County: Frank Poinde-xter, Very sujjerior violins 
 and hillside plow, 
 
 Martin County: T, M, Barna. Cotton seed planter 
 
 McDowell County: Fr;ink 8umner. Washing machine. 
 
 AValter McOary. Machine for preparing shucks for matresses. 
 
 MecMenbury County: J)r. Dau'l Asburj. Asbury's tobacco 
 ;and fruit dryer. 
 
 H, A, Walker. Leather cotton gin brush. 
 
 C. F. Brem. Car coupling. 
 
 Rufus iSorwood. Cotton planter. 
 
 Pope. Cotton planter. 
 
 H. A. Walker. Patent brush made of leather for cl«aniug: 
 gins. 
 
 W. J, F. Liddell. Cotton press, engine boiler, truck wheel 
 and horse power. 
 
 Kash County : Malcus .Johnson. Cotton planter. 
 
 Neiv Hanover County : D. M. Buie. Distillation of oils from 
 cotton seed. 
 
 Isaac Wells. Tanningileather. 
 
 E. D. Hall. Machine for gathering, stemming and shelling 
 pea nuts. 
 
 Nortliampton County : W. H. Burgess. Roanoke cotton press. 
 Ferquimans County : Willis D. Riddick, Cotton press. 
 
 John Van. Reversible plow hook. 
 
 Pitt County: Richard L. Butts. Cotton press. 
 
 RicJimoml County : McCaskilL Cotton press. 
 
 Leitch. Cotton choi)per and planter. 
 
 Bockinqham County: B. J. Field and J. C. Guerrant. Electro- 
 magnetic engraving macliine. 
 
176 NORTH CAROLINA INVENTO.^S. 
 
 Rowan County: W. H. Weaiit. Railroad switch. 
 
 Geo. Woodson. Railroad break. 
 
 Peter A. Feircks. An indicator for distilleries. 
 
 Rutherford County: Jay Lewis. A cliurn. 
 
 Oscar Willis. X water wheel. 
 
 J. B. Evans. A cotton chopper and cultivator. 
 
 Joe Scroggin. Fertilizer distributor. 
 
 Sampson County: O. W. S;ii';h. Vr.iter motor. 
 
 Stirry County: Frank Ashbern. Seamless shoe. 
 
 Wahe County : Jack Regan, Improved plow. 
 
 R. D. Ohristman. Plow for barring or siding two rows at the 
 same time. 
 
 John S. Davis. Coffee pot. 
 
 0. R. Smith. Cotton picker. 
 
 H. T. Clawson. Improvement in pepper cruet. 
 
 C. C, Clawson. Ice shaver. 
 
 C. C. Clawson. Machine for filling and packing tobacco. 
 
 Wray. Cotton press. 
 
 Warran County; Richard L. Watkins. Tobacco press. 
 
 Wayne County: J. A. Shine. Cotton planter and fertilizer 
 distributor. 
 
 Wilkes County: E. S. Blair. Improved horse rack. 
 
 WiJlces County: L. M. McGrlamery. Machinef^for^ breaking 
 and washing hides and leather. 
 
 Yancey County: R. Mclnturff,. Bee|hive, called ''Black 
 Mountain." 
 
STATE PtJBLIC IKSTITtTTIONS 171 
 
 CHAPTEK I. 
 STATE PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 IXSANE ASYLUM O^ ]S^. C. 
 
 The Insane Asylum of North Carolina is situated one mile 
 southwest of the Capitol at Raleigh. It is a building of impos^ 
 ing exterior, extending 726 feet; the wings are three stories in 
 height. The centre building is 80 by 120 feet, four stories high, 
 with an observatory which is 110 feet from the basement. On 
 the fourth floor of the centre building are water tanks of a ca- 
 pacity of 15,000 gallons, which are filled by means of the steam 
 pump operating on Rocky Branch some three or four hundred 
 yards from the building. The walls of the building are of brick 
 stuccoed on a granite foundation. The floors, doors, window 
 frames and other parts of the internal finish, are of the common 
 long leaf pine of the country. 
 
 The original heating apparatus has been succeeded within the 
 last few years by an improved system. 
 
 The entire basement of the centre and wings of the building 
 is occupied by the heating apparatus, water, steam and gas pip- 
 ing, and the large pipes for carrying off the sewerage. The 
 steam is conveyed by pipes to the radiator at the base of the flues 
 in the walls, thence through the flues to each story above where 
 it enters the rooms and corridors through registers inserted in 
 the walls. The water is conveyed by pipes from the tanks in 
 the attic to all parts of the building ; one large pipe taking it to 
 the boilers in the basement where it is heated and then by the 
 force of gravity carried by a seperate system of pipes to the same 
 points, so that every part of the building is supplied with hot 
 and cold water side by side. 
 
 The sewerage is conducted away through large cast iron pipes 
 running under each wing and connecting under the centre 
 12 
 
178 STATE PUBLIC mSTITUTIOiVS. 
 
 building; and from this pipe theye is a connection leading to the 
 main stack at the boiler honse in the rear. 
 
 The building is lighted by rosin gas, manufactured on the- 
 premises^ 
 
 The floors of the centre building are occupied by offices, drug 
 store, officers' private rooms, chapel, working rooms, storerooms 
 and parlor. Each wing has two wards on- each floor, with 
 twenty rooms in each ward, used for patients' and attendants^ 
 sleeping rooms and for store rooms for clothing. 
 
 The house was originally constructed to accommodate 224 in- 
 mates, but owing to the great demand for admission there have 
 been during the past years, as many as 275 crowded within its 
 wards. 
 
 The buildings are well prepared against fire, the apparcus and 
 arrangements being very complete, and the large supply of water 
 contained in the tanks in the attic besides a reservoir of 43,000 
 gallons near the boiler house can, at a moment's notice, be 
 thrown on any part of the house from within or without by an 
 engine kept always in readiness for action. 
 
 The garden belonging to the institution is large and well cul- 
 tivated, and affords an ample supply of vegetables the year round. 
 
 The first Act incorporating the Insane Asylum of North Car- 
 olina was passed by tlie Legislature of 1848, making an appro- 
 priation of 180,000. Other appropriations were made by subse- 
 quent Legislatures, the whole amounting to about 1300,000. 
 
 The first inmate. Andrew H. Holderby, of Rockingham coun- 
 ty, a soldier of the Mexican war, was admitted on 22nd of Feb- 
 ruary, 1856. From that time to the spring of the present year, 
 1878, as shown by the report of the Superintendent to the Board 
 of Directors, there have been admitted to the institution 1,240 
 patients, of which number 315 were discharged cured, 127 im- 
 proved, 180 stationary, and 334 died, leaving upon the books 
 281 under treatment the present year. 
 
 The enterprise of erecting and maintaining an Asylum for the 
 insane met with very strong opposition at the outset. Tliesuc- 
 
STATE PUBLIC mSTITUTIONS. 179 
 
 ■cess of tiae movetnent was owing mainly to thepersoiuil intiuence 
 and exertion of Miss D. L. Dix^ whose life has been devoted to the 
 alleviation of the sufferings of this class of our fellow creatures 
 both in this country and Europe. On both continents she has 
 been directly instrumental in the organization of hospitals and 
 asylums for their care and treatment, and in arousing sympathy 
 in their behalf. Through her efforts the Pope was influenced, 
 •some years ago, to erect a magnificent institution for the insane 
 at Rome. Through her influence many of the abuses in the 
 treatment of the insane in Scotland were corrected by the Brit- 
 ish ministry. The Lord Lieutenant of Scotland refused to hear 
 the suggestions of Miss Dix and was summoned by the Premier 
 to his presence and reprimanded, and the acknowledgement of 
 hej' services was made in the House of Lords by a Peer, who ex- 
 claimed: ''It is to our reproach that we have been aroused 
 to the existence of wrong and instigated to the performance of 
 duty in matters of charity, by o. foreigner, and that foreigner an 
 American, and that American a looman, and that woman a dis- 
 senter." 
 
 Soon after the passage of the act of incorporation in 1848^ the 
 Commissioners of the Asylum were organized by the appoint- 
 ment of Grovernor Morehead as Chairman, and the work on the 
 building was begun. The superintendency was first offered to 
 Dr. Edmund Strudwick, of Hillsboro, who accepted it only 
 temporarily. He was succeeded by Dr. Edward C. Fisher, of 
 Viiginia, on the first day of October, 1853, as Superintendent of 
 Construction and Medical Superintendent. He held the posi- 
 tion until the 7th of July, 1SG8, when he resigned and was suc- 
 ceeded by the present incumbent, Dr. Eugene G-ri s:un, of Oran- 
 ville county. The other officers of the institution at present, 
 are Dr. F. T. Fuller, First Assisiant Physician, who has held 
 that position and faithfully performed its duties continuously 
 since his election in 1856; Dr. James L. Craven, Second Assist- 
 ant Physician, who has given great satisfaciion since his election 
 by the B:)ird at their meeting in the early part of the present 
 jear; Mr. James H. Moore, Steward, who is now filling the po- 
 
180 STATE PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 sition for the third time Vvith ninch acceptability; ilr&. M. A. 
 Lawrence^ Matron, who has occupied the place ^vith great oft?.- 
 ciency for ten yearp, and Mr. James S. West, Eagineer, who 
 was elected at the regular meeting of the Board in December, 
 1877. 
 
 The Insane Asylum is one of our grandest State charities and 
 ought to be cherished and sustained by our Legislature, and 
 made a worthy object of State pride by all our people. 
 
 WESTEE^ INSANE ASYLUSI. 
 
 The Western Asylum for the Insane is located at Morgantort 
 on the W. N. G. E. E., two hundred miles west of Ealeigh. 
 The act of Assembly authorizing its construction was passed in 
 March, 1875, and appropriated $75,000. Dr. Eugene Grissom, 
 Col. T. Geo. Walton, Dr. Kerens Mendenhall, C. B. Denson, 
 Esq., and Dr. M. Whitehead were the first Board of Commis- 
 sioners. Hon. AYm. A. Graham had been named by the Legis- 
 lature as one of the original board; but he resigned before an 
 organization was effected. 
 
 Dr. Mendenhall v^-as chairman of the board and Col. Waltcn 
 secretary and treaturer. 
 
 A noble and commanding plateau of land one half mile south 
 of the depot of the W. JSl. C. S. E., at Morganton, was secured 
 at a cost of 13,800, containing 250 acres of land, a large |)artin 
 forest. The head springs of the South Fork of the Catawba 
 river, three miles distant sujplya constant discharge of over 
 100,000 gallons of pure frcc-stone water per day. 
 
 The Avatcr is conveyed in a six-inch pipe manufactured by the 
 Tredegar Iron Compan}', of Eichmond, Va., and is carried by 
 force of gravity to auy part of the building. The entire circle 
 of the Blue Eidge and South Mountain ra.ngcs, ihe town of 
 lloreanton, the W. N. C. E. E. tiaek for seveial miles and a 
 
STATE PUBLIC mSTITUTIONS. 181 
 
 slieet of water covering forty acres of lafiid lies in full view from 
 the site. 
 
 Under an act of Asseml)ly dated 7tli of March, 1877, the 
 nnmber of the Commissioners of construction was reduced to 
 three and they were restricted in the completion of the building 
 to one wing and the main building. The present board con- 
 sists of the following persons: Col. J. C. Harper, chairman ; J. 
 G. Hall and W. S. Pearson. John A. Dickson is secretary and 
 treasurer. The appropriation of 175,000 was expended under 
 the direction of the first named \.board and in accordance with 
 specifications prepared by Samuel Sloan, of Philadelphia, archi- 
 tect. The total length of the building is 918 feet, and capacity 
 when completed is four hundred j^atients. The design is that 
 of the Insane Hospital at Morristown, IST. J. 
 
 The appropriation for the years 1877-78 was $60,000, with 
 which the southern v/ing has been built and roofed in. The 
 main building and other wing are built above ground. Six 
 million brick have been used in construction thus far. The 
 carpenter work is done in the asylum shops on the ground. 
 
 THE COLORED Ilv^SAN"E ASYLUM. 
 
 ^, On the 12tli day of March, A. D. 1877, an act was passed by 
 the General Assembly of !N^orth Carolina appropriating the sum 
 of 120,000 for the establishment of an asylum for the colored 
 insane at some point in the State. Under this act the follow- 
 ing commissioners were appointad by the Governor, viz: M. M. 
 Katz, Wilmington, Dr. M. Moore, Duplm, E. B. Borden, 
 Wayne, Dr. J. W. Vick, Johnston, C. 0. Edwards, Greene, 
 Gen. A. D. McLean, Harnett. The board selected and pur- 
 chased a site for the location of this institution about one and a 
 half miles west of Goldsboro, in the county of Wayne. It is 
 immediately on ihe North Carolina Railroad, near the jSTeuse 
 xiver, and the tract contains about one hundred and seventy 
 
182 STATE PUBLIC INSTITUTION. 
 
 acres. Tlie building will accommodtite about one hundred 
 patients, and is under contract to be completed by the first day 
 of September, 1879. 
 
 DEAF & DUMB A]S"D THE BLIND, 
 
 The JSTorth Carolina Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, is sit- 
 uated at Ealeigh. It was founded in 1849. The colored De- 
 partment was founded in 1868. The present attendance of 
 pupils is, in the white Department, 130, and in the colored, 65- 
 All deaf and dumb or blind i3ersons, residents of the State, of 
 sound mind between the ages of eight and twenty-one years,, 
 are received and educated free of charge. The Institution is 
 under the control of a Board of Trustees, appointed by the 
 Governor. The principal officers are Maj. R. S. Tucker, Pres- 
 ident of the Board; H. A. Gudger, Principal; and E. HalV 
 Steward. 
 
 OKPHAN ASYLUM, OXFOED, GEANVILLE COUXTY., 
 
 Every child has an inalienable right to live, to grow, and tO' 
 learn how to be a useful citizen of his country. At Noah's 
 Hood, the innocent children were all drowned because there was 
 no one left to raise them right, and it is still better that chil- 
 dren should be drowned than that they should grow up ignor- 
 ant and vicious and wax worse and worse as life proceeds. The 
 State, the churches and the benevolent organizations neglected 
 the oi'phans in North Carolina, till 1873, when the Grtmd 
 Lodge of Masons opened an Orphan Asylum at Oxfords 
 Total number admitted 446, discharged 269, ran aivay 23, de- 
 coyed away 4, died 6, adopted 19, now preset ]25. Orplians 
 are received between the ages of 8 and 12 and discharged at 14. 
 They are fed, clothed and taught in the common English 
 
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 183 
 
 branches. Many of the boys discharged are learning trades, and 
 doing well. Some of the girls discharged are married, others 
 are honorably and profitably employed. Many boys and girls 
 adopted by childless couples will receive the best social and ed- 
 ucational advantages and enter upon their lifework with every 
 prospect of success. It is supported by annual appropriations 
 of the G-rand Lodge of Masons, by the voluntary contributions 
 of Subordinate Lodges and by the free-will offering of churches, 
 benevolent organizations, and charitable j^eople. This seems 
 to be a precarious reliance and yet for nearly six years the work 
 has prospered a ad the children have not suffered. It is found 
 that orphans can be comfortably clothed, fed on healthful food, 
 and thoroughly instructed in English studies at an average ex- 
 pense of four dollars a month, or|48 a year. In other words, 
 one half the money which the counties usually ]}a.j to support 
 them as jDaupers is found amply sufficient to feed them, cloth 
 them, and send them to school. 
 
 LITERARY mSTITUTIONS. 
 
 THE UXIVEESITY OF NORTH CAROLIXA. 
 
 The University is situated in the village of Chapel Hill, Or- 
 ange county, twenty-eight miles from Raleigh, the State capi- 
 tol, and twelve miles from Durham, on the North Carolina 
 railroad. The surrounding country is famous for its sparkling- 
 springs and running streams. Some of the springs are mineral 
 and possess valuable medicinal properties. The climate is mild 
 and healthy. The average temperature in winter is 4:2° F., in 
 summer 7(i° F. The region is about si., liuidred feet above sea 
 level, and is entirely free from malaria. Tne scenery is remark- 
 able for beauty. The soil is fertile, yielding wheat, corn, to- 
 
184 LITEEAEY mSTITUTIOA'S. 
 
 ■bacco and cotton. The forests around are chiefly of oak and 
 hickory. The sale of liquor of any kind within two miles of 
 the vilLage is forbidden by law. 
 
 The University is a State institution, and is governed by a 
 board of trustees elected by the General Assembly. The Gov- 
 ernor is ex officio chairman of the board. It was incorporated 
 in 1789, and, after careful inspection of many places, was lo- 
 cated at Chapel Hill in 1792. The corner stone of the first 
 building was laid with masonic honors by Gov. A¥m. Eichardson 
 Davie, Grand Master, on the 13th October, 1793. The doors 
 were opened for students in February, 1795. At the beginning 
 of the civil war the University ranked third in the number of 
 students among similar institutions in America. It has sent 
 forth thousands of graduates, among them a President, (Polk), 
 a 'Vice President, (King), eminent judges, statesmen, divines, 
 leading men of all professions and pursuits, in all the southern 
 and southwestern States. 
 
 In 1875 the University was thoroughly reorganized and equip- 
 ped to supply the demands of the public. Important features 
 were adopted in the scheme of instruction, whereby, 1st. greater 
 attention than heretofore is paid to the natural sciences, to- wit, 
 chemistry, botany, zoology, mineralogy, geology and physics ; 
 and, 2d, students are not required to pursue a fixed course of 
 study, unless they so elect, but are allowed to devote their time 
 to such subjects only as they choose, with the consent of their 
 parents. The University offers instruction adapted not only to 
 develop mental ti-aining and literary culture, bat also to be of 
 immediate practical value to those wishing to be farmers, me- 
 chanics, stock-breeders, physicians, druggists, engineers, &c. 
 
 The following are the 
 
 GEXERAL COURSES OF STUDY. 
 
 1. Tlie Course in Arts, including among other studies both 
 Latin and Greek, and corresponding gene^-ally to the old col- 
 lege curriculum. This coarse leads to the degree A. B. 
 
LITEEAEY INSTITUTIOIsrS. 185 
 
 2. The Course in Plulo80])hi) , substituting science or a mod- 
 ern language, in place of one of the ancient languages;, and 
 leading to the degree Ph . B . 
 
 3. Tlie Course in Science, omitting both Latin and G-reek and 
 embracing studies relating chiefly to agriculture, mining, man- 
 ufacturing and the mechanic arts. Tlie degree is S. B. 
 
 There are also 
 
 PAST GRADUATE COURSES OP STUDY, 
 
 leading to the advanced degrees M. S., Ph. D., and M. A. 
 
 OPTIONAL AND SPECIAL COURSES OF STUDY, 
 
 are also pursued under the direction of the Faculty by such as 
 desire so to do. 
 
 MUSEUMS AND ILLUSTRATIVE APPARATUS. 
 
 The University has a large collection of geological and niinera- 
 logical specimens and extensive apparatus for illustrations in 
 ihe departments of chemistry and physics. 
 
 LIBRARIES. 
 
 The libraries of the University and of the Dialectic and Phil- 
 anthropic Societies comprise about 20,000 volumes of standard 
 works. 
 
 EXPENSES. 
 
 The charges for tuition, room-rent, servent hire, washing, 
 board, wood, light and books, range from 193.50 to $123.50 for 
 each half j^ear. The tuition alone is $30 for the same time. 
 The estimate is made for table board at from $10 to $12.50. 
 But many of the students club together and live to their satis- 
 faction on $6 to $8 per month. 
 
186 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 BENEFICIARIES. 
 
 Eacli county is entitled to send one stnclent wlio is nuiiblc to 
 loay tuition and room rent, free of charge for those items. Be- 
 sides these, the Faculty, by authority of the Trustees, admit 
 others wlio are proved to be worthy and without means eitlier 
 gratuitously or on the payment of such portion of the charges 
 as they may be able to bear. 
 
 BUILDINGS. . 
 
 The University buildings, eight in number, contain sixteen 
 large halls, which are used for recitations, lectures and muse- 
 ums, besides three library halls an-J two halls for literary socie- 
 ties. The University camjDus, consisting of 50 acres of undu- 
 lating land, well stocked with primeval forest trees, is celebrated 
 for its grandeur and beauty. 
 
 Connected with the University are, 
 
 1. A Law Scliool, for th? prc^,ar.,tion of young men desiring 
 to practice law. 
 
 2. A Normal Scliool, for the training of professional teachers. 
 
 3. An Agriculiural Experiment and Fertilizer Control Sta- 
 tion for experimenting with plants and i.nalyzing fertilizers., 
 ores, soils, seeds, &c., &c. 
 
 OFFICERS OP THE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 His Excellency, Z. B. Vance, Governor of North Carolina, 
 sx officio President of the Board of Trustees of the University. 
 
 FACULTY. 
 
 Hon. Kemp P. Battle, LL. D., President, Professor of Polit- 
 ical Economy, Constitutional and lutcrnatioiial LaAV. 
 
 Rev. Charles Phillips, D. D., LL. D., Professor of Mathe- 
 matics. 
 
 J. DeBerniere Hooper, A. M., Professor of Greek and French. 
 
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 18,7 
 
 Rev. Aclolplius W. Maiigum, A. M., Professor of Moral Phil- 
 osoi3liy, History and English Literature. 
 
 Alexander Fletcher Redd, Professor of General and Analyti- 
 cal Chemistry. 
 
 George Tayloe Winston, Professor of Latin and German. 
 
 Ralph Henry Graves, B. Sc, C. and M. E., Professor of En- 
 gineering and Phj^sics. 
 
 Frederic William Simonds, M. S., Professor of Geology, Zoo- 
 logy and Botany. 
 
 Carey D. Grandy, Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Min- 
 eralogy and Latin. 
 
 Hon. William H. Battle, LL. D., Professor of Law. 
 
 W. C. Kerr, A. M., State Geologist and Lecturer on the- 
 Geology of North Carolina. 
 
 Albert R. Ledoux, Ph. D. (Goettingen,) Chemist to the State- 
 Board of Agriculture, and Director of Agricultural Experiment 
 and Fertilizer Control Station. 
 
 Prof. Grandy, Secretary. 
 
 A. Mickle Esq., Bursar. 
 
 WAKE FOREST COLLEGE. 
 
 In 1832 the Baptist State Convention then less than two^ 
 years old, met at River Chapel, in Chatham county. At this 
 meeting it was "resolved unanimously, to purchase a suitable- 
 farm, and to adopt other preliminary measures for the establish- 
 ment of a Baptist Literary Institution in this State on the Man- 
 ual Labor Principle.'''' 
 
 Under this resolution the farm of Doctor Calvin Jones, con- 
 taining six hundred and fifteen acres, was bought for two thous- 
 and dollars. The buildings thereon were considered sufficient 
 for the accommodation of fifty students. "Wake Forest Man- 
 ual Labor Institute" was the name adopted, Elder Samuel Wait 
 was elected Principal. 
 
 The School was opened on the first Monday in February, 1834^, 
 
188 LITEEARY INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 with sixteen students; and the first session closed with sixty- 
 five. The farm was cnltivated in the afternoon, and at first 
 two propositions were claimed as settled: 
 
 1. "Students will labor." 
 
 2. "Their labor can be turned to advantage." 
 
 Boys under twelve received two cents an hour, and those over 
 twelve received three cents. But when settlements were made 
 at the end of the session, so many deductions were included for 
 sickness, and absence, that parents were disapi^ointed in the 
 practical operations of the "Manual Labor System." An over- 
 seer was appointed, under the style of "Tutor of Husbandry." 
 But the Manual Ltibor Department, though kept up for a time, 
 was finally abolished. 
 
 The number of students, however, increased so rapidly that a 
 large building was absolutely necessary, and proprosals for its 
 erection were published. This building was finished under con- 
 tract with Capt. John Berry, of Orange, in 1838. 
 
 Doctor Wait presided over the College for a dozen years, and 
 was succeeded by Doctor Hooper, who remained two years. 
 Professor J. B. White succeeded Doctor Hooper. He remained 
 but a little while, removing west; and, after a short interregnum 
 under Professor Owen, Doctor Wingate succeeded to the Presi- 
 dency in 1854. Before the war, the debt of twenty thousand 
 dollars incurred by buildings etc., was cancelled, and an endow- 
 ment of nearly one hundred thousand dollars secured. During 
 the war this amount was nearly lost. College exercises were sus- 
 pended, the building used as a hospital, and full work was not 
 resumed until 1867. With its building greatly marred, its en- 
 dowment lost, and but few able to avail themselves of its advan- 
 tages, the Institution could not for a time, meet expenses. 
 Slowly, however, the Trustees repaired and renewed the Ijuilding 
 and grounds, paid off the accumulating debts, and renlized the 
 beginning of an endowment. Through the efforts of Elder Pure- 
 foy, who labored without compensation, generous friends at the 
 North donated ten thousand dollars. The present endowment 
 bearing interest is forty thousand dollars. Notes are also held 
 for a large amount, and the work of individual contributions 
 
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 still continues, A new building ('^Science Hall/') the gift of 
 Messrs. Heck and Williams, of Raleigh, has been erected near 
 the site of the one built in 1838. It contains, besides the rooms 
 for scientific purposes two large halls for the Literary Societies. 
 Another building is in contemplation on a line with these, and 
 the three are to be connected by porches and double colonades 
 so as to present an unbroken front of nearly five hundred feet. 
 
 The College grounds already inclosed, and with improvements 
 begun, are ample; and from their elevation and natui-al beauty 
 promises to be unusally picturesque and imposing. • The trains 
 of the Raleigh and Gaston railroad skirt the campus, and stop 
 at the depot in front of the College. It is in the midst of a 
 rural village, and in a neighborhood of sobriety and thrift. 
 
 While accessible and central, it is retired; and partly on this 
 account sustt::ns the character enjoyed from the first for the 
 good order, sobriety and studious habits of its young rnen. 
 Among the Alumni are talented teachers, successful lawyers and 
 physicians, intelligent farmers, prosperous merchants, and able 
 ministers. It is said that but two per cent of the graduates have 
 proved failures. 
 
 The course of instruction since the war has been modified. 
 Early in its history, and soon after abolishing its "^manual 
 labor system," it became by charter and by character a College, 
 teaching the usual curriculum of our State University and other 
 similar institutions, and conferring the usual degrees. As its 
 endowment enlarged it dropped the Preparatory Department, 
 and provided strictly for collegiate students in a four years 
 course. Since the war, its character has changed by borrowing 
 from the plan of Universities. It permits a selection of studies 
 (a limited "elective system") enlarges the number from which a 
 selection maybe made, and arranges its diplomas with reference 
 to distinct branches. It attempts to improve its scholarship 
 by written examinations, as well as daily recitations; and gives 
 its certificates, and ultimately its diplomas, only to those who 
 secure a fixed grade of scholarship. In the classics, it gives spe- 
 cial attention to analysis; to the rendering of English into these 
 tongues as well as translating these into English; and to the 
 
190 LITERAEY INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Gree> accent. It has enlarged the mathematical and scientific 
 courses, added to the number of modern languages taught, and 
 attempts to give an importance to the English language, its 
 nature, history, and literature, not heretofore permitted. Final- 
 ly, the aim has been, not ambitiously, but modestly and earn- 
 estly "with the advantages possessed, to tone up to a higher grade 
 the character and scholarship of educated young men, and to 
 enable them to be what their diplomas promise for them more 
 thoroughly practical and better furnished for the duties of life. 
 
 DAVIDSON COLLEGE. 
 
 Davidson College is situated in Mecl;lenburg count}', on the 
 healthy ridge v/hich devides the waters of the Yadkin and Ca- 
 tawba rivers, and has daily communication, by railroad, with 
 Charlotte and Statesville. It was organized in March, 1837, 
 under the Presidency of the Eev. R. H. Morrison, D. D.,but 
 did not receive its charter from the Legislature of the State un- 
 til December, 1838. 
 
 During the forty years of its existence it has continued unin- 
 terruptedly in its w^ork of education. Even during the civil war 
 from four to six professors were at their post doing wdiat they 
 could for the instruction of disabled soldiers, and the youth of 
 the land who were still out of the army, and needing more than 
 ever the advantages of a thorough education. Over four hun- 
 dred young men have been graduated in the College ; and in 
 addition to these many others w^ho have taken only a partial 
 course of instruction, are now filling places of responsibility and 
 honor in this and the adjacent States. 
 
 Though founded by the Presbyterians of North Carolina, and 
 now under the immediate care of the Presbyterians of this State, 
 and of South Carolina, G-eorgia and Florida, Davidson College 
 is, in no sense, sectarian, but, in the language, of its charter, it 
 was designed " to educate youth of all classes without any re- 
 gard to the distinction of religious denominations." Its ad- 
 
LITERAEY INSTITUTIONS. 191 
 
 vantages are offered to all, and its honors have frequently been 
 won by young men of other churches. The central idea in its 
 management has always been, that morality and virtue 're the 
 only safe foundations upon which to rest individual develop- 
 ment, and, that these must go hand in hand with intellectual 
 training. Few literary institutions, in any country, have ever 
 more successfully realized this idea in its pupils'. But the course 
 of instruction, while mainly directed to the development of the 
 moral and intellectual powers of the pupil, does not overlook 
 the practical uses of knowledge. In the departments of science 
 the practical applications are faithfully taught. A regular 
 .science conrse of three years is provided for. 
 
 The endowment of the College, though greatly injured by the 
 war, is still sufficient, with the aid of tuition from the paying 
 students, to me^^t professor's salaries, and all the current ex- 
 penses of the institution. In addition to this, from |1,500 to . 
 $2,000, are annually given, in free tuition, to candidates for the 
 ministrv, and other needy and deserving young men. No 
 worthy applicant for admission is ever turned away from David- 
 son College becarise of lack of funds. Living, too,, is cheap; 
 the regular boarding houses charge only from $8.50 to $12.50 
 per month, and many of the best pupils in the College board, 
 by the messing system, for about $6 per month. 
 
 The equipment of the College is complete. The main build- 
 ing was erected at a cost of over $90,000, and the other build- 
 ings furnish comfortable residences for professors, and for socie- 
 ty halls, library rooms, and dormitories. The apparatus for il- 
 lustrating the departments of Chemistry, Geology, Mathematics, 
 Natural Philosophy, and Astronomy has been filled uj) at a cost 
 of about $5,000, and is in excellent working order. There are 
 six professors in the corps of instruction, three of whom have 
 had European training, and all have enjoyed many advantages 
 in fitting themselves for the work of the class-room. Rev. A. 
 D. Hepburn, D. D., the President, has had an extensive college 
 experience in this country and in Europe ; teaching has been 
 
192 LITEEARY INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 his life-work, and botli as professor and president lie lias labored 
 successfully in other institutions. 
 
 CAROLIIXTA MILITARY INSTITUTE, CHARLOTTE, N. 0. 
 
 The Carolina Military Institute was established by Col. J. P. 
 Thomas, of South Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C, Oct 1, 1873. 
 
 The object of the founder was to organize a Military College 
 open to the youth of the Carolinas as well as to the country at 
 large. 
 
 The Institute has been in successful operation since its estab- 
 lishment. 
 
 It has had about two hundred and seventy- five boys and young 
 men under its instruction, and has turned out three small grad- 
 uating classes. 
 
 It has derived its support mainly from South Carolina, North 
 Carolina, Georgia and Elorida. Its matriculates for the year 
 have varied in number from seventy-five to one hundred and 
 thirty. 
 
 The discipline is strictly military. At the same time all the 
 moral and religious influences that can be wielded are brought 
 to bear upon cadets. 
 
 A neat uniform of gray cloth is worn. 
 
 The course of instruction is designed to accomplish a thor- 
 ough scholastic and practical training, and seeks to secure a 
 judicious combination -of the scientific and the aesthetic element. 
 The studies pursued and the instruction given are comprised 
 under the following heads : 
 
 1. Mathematics. 
 
 2. Physical Science. 
 
 3. History, Belles Lettres and Ethics. 
 
 4. Modern Languages (French and German.). 
 
 5. Ancient Languages, (Latin and Greek.) 
 
 6. Commercial Department. 
 
LITELARY INSTITUTIONS. 193 
 
 7. Physical and Military Department. 
 
 The followiiig compose its present Corps of Officers and Pro- 
 fessors: 
 
 Col. J. P. Thomas, Superintendent, and Professor of History, 
 Belles-Lettres and Ethics. 
 
 Capt. Wm. Cain, Professor Mathematics, Physics and Engi- 
 neering. 
 
 First-Lieat. J. P. Thomas, Jr., Assistant Professor of Mathe- 
 matics and Physics,°'and in'^charge of Preparatory Department. 
 
 M. M. Hargrove, A. M., Professor of Ancient and Modem 
 Languages. 
 
 Second-Lieut. E. G. Thomas, Assistant Instructor. 
 
 Second-Lieut. E. G. Thomas, Quarter-Master. 
 
 Jos. Graham, M. D.; Surgeon. 
 
 The C. M. I. is conducted in the buildings of the late N. C. 
 M. Institute, which, having been erected Avith special reference 
 to tlie purposes of a Military School of high grade, are commo- 
 dious and convenient. The grounds, embracing twenty-six 
 acres, are ample, the site is commanding and attractive, and the 
 health of the place, it is thought, unsurpassed by that of any 
 educational establishment in the land. 
 
 TEINITY COLLEGE. 
 
 This Institution is located in the northwest corner of Ean- 
 dolph county, near High Point, on the N. C. Eailroad. The 
 Postoffice is Trinity College. The location is in a fine rolling 
 country with the Ycry best water, remarkable for health, ad- 
 vanced agTiculture, good citizenship, and almost all desirable 
 qualities. The buildings are substantial and ample. The 
 Chapel will seat 1,950 persons and is one of the best auditoriums 
 in the United States. The libraries aggregate 10,000 volumes. 
 The Museum and apparatus are good, and the accommodations 
 for students are convenient and comfortable. 
 
 The course of study is substantially the same as in first class 
 
 13 
 
194 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 colleges generally; the discipline and oversight are effective and 
 successful, and the expenses are so small and so arranged as to 
 suit nea-.'ly all classes and conditions. 
 
 The College at first was a Normal College, and was the first 
 of the kind in the State. Under this charter the Institution 
 was very prosperous, and trained a large number of teachers, 
 who have had much to do with education in the State. In 1853 
 the charter was changed, and the College was made a regular 
 Institution, with all the powers and privileges of Colleges and 
 Universities generally. 
 
 The whole number of graduates is 226; of these 27 are preach- 
 ers 59 lawyers, 62 teachers, 22 physicians, 23 bankers and mer- 
 chants, 22 farmers, 3 editors. 
 
 Honorary Degrees Conferred — A. M., 15; D. D., 14; LL. 
 
 D.,2. 
 
 The Faculty consists of a President, four Professors and one 
 
 Tutor. 
 
 The College buildings, apparatus and land are estimated at 
 
 150,000. 
 
 In addition to the usual College curriculum, there are schools 
 of Law, Theology, Eugineering, Business Course and other 
 branches of special instruction. 
 
 Commencement is on the second Thursday in June, and the 
 sessions commence twelve weeks thereafter. 
 
 The number of students during the past year was 136. 
 
 The President is Rev.B. Craven, D. D. LL D. 
 
 THE BINGHAM SCHOOL. 
 
 The Bingham School, Mebaneville, N. C, MaJ. Robert Bing- 
 ham, Superintendent, is one of the ancient landmarks, and 
 though it is the oldest school in the South and one of the oldest 
 in the United States, (^like the mythical Apollo) it has perpetual 
 youth and perennial vigor. 
 
 This school was founded in 1793, (85 years ago) by the Rev. 
 
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 195 
 
 Wm. BinghaQi, who died in 1825, and was succeeded by the 
 late W. J. limgham. lie was succeeded by the late Ool. Wm. 
 Bingham. Aiter Ool. Bingham's death in 1873, Maj. Robert 
 Bingham became Superintendent. Under liis control the school 
 has steadily increased in popular favor. The last catalogue 
 states?ihat during the past year (168th and lo9th stssioiis) 14zZ 
 oadets were in attendance. The area from which this patronage 
 is drawn extends from Virginiix, Kentucky and Wisconsin on the 
 north to Florida and Texas on the south. A^ia is also represen- 
 ted, and Vermont and South America have also sent students. 
 It is claimed, that while other expenses are below the average, 
 this North Oarolina School commands higher tuition fees than 
 any other institution of learning for male; m the Southern 
 states. The buildings are all new and well adapted to school 
 purposes. The offers made to young men with limited means 
 for an education are very liberal. The military feature, intro- 
 duced during the war, proves so valuable for health, discipline, 
 and scholarship, that it has become a fixture; but no military 
 ■exercise is allowed to interfere with the prosecution of study. 
 
 This institution, so excellent in its appointments, has before 
 it a promising career of future usefulness. 
 
 WILSON COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. 
 
 This Institution, which admits both sexes, is located at Wil- 
 son, N. C, on the Wilmington and Weldou R,niroad. It was 
 founded January 2d, 1872, and chartered January 24th, 1872, 
 by the Legislature of North Carolina; and to it were granted the 
 full collegiate powers of conferring degrees and diplomas in aU 
 the departments of literature, science and art. 
 
 Its founder and principal. Prof. Sylvester Hassell, A. M., is ar 
 son of Elder C. B. Hassell, of Williamston, Martin county, N. 
 C. He is a graduate, with the highest honors, of the University- 
 -of North Carolina, class of 1862. 
 
196 LITEEARY INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Duriug the seven years that b" -'.as tanglit in Wilson, bo has 
 employed five teachers, and had an average of T^O sfudents. 
 During the centennial year, the income from tuition fees is be- 
 lieved to have been greater than was received by any other In- 
 stitution in North Carolina. 
 
 The leading features of the Wilson ColJegiate Institute are 
 the employment of none but the most competent, experienced 
 and successful teachers; a large and valuable library, open nt all 
 times to the students; abundant charts and scientific apparatus; 
 lectures on hygiene, science, literature and ethics; special ad- 
 vantages for business training; full and frequent reports of at- 
 tendance, deportment, and scholarship; the practical, stimulat- 
 ing and refining influences of co-education; a mild but firm dis- 
 cipline; and the privilege of living in the same building, and 
 having constant association with the teachers. 
 
 DENVEE SEMINAEY. 
 
 D. MATT. THOMPSON, PRINCIPAL. 
 
 This school, for both sexes, was opened under the management 
 of the p:-eseut Principal in 1873, and is liberally patronized. It 
 has three Departments — Primary, Preparatory and Academic^ 
 Two courses in Academical Department — the Classical and the 
 English and SciontiQc. The sciiool is designed to afford boys 
 and girls a liberal, thorough and practical training for college, 
 business, or any sphere in life which an education may improve 
 and adorn. Principles of morality inculcated. The tuition is 
 from 15.00 to 1517.50 for terms of five months. Board $8 per 
 month. 
 
 Denver is a pleasantly located village m the northeastern part 
 of Lincoln county, twelve miles we^t of Davidson College. Five- 
 mails per week. 
 
LITERARY INSTITUTION'S. 197 
 
 THE RUTHERFORD COLLEGE, N. C. 
 
 HAPPY HOME POSTOFFICE. 
 
 This school, wluch has been in successful operation for twenty- 
 four years, was first coinnienced by its present and only Presi- 
 dent, Rev. R. L. Abernethy, A. M., in an old log school house, 
 with only eight pupils the first term. In 1858 it was chartered 
 by the Legislature of North Carolina, under the title of "Ruther- 
 ford Academy." - It then had a patronage of 100 students per 
 annum. In 1861 the charter was so changed as to give the In- 
 stitution the legal ri^^hr, to graduate pupils and confer degrees, 
 under the name and title of '^Rutlieiford Seminary." In 1869- 
 '^70 the Seminary was made a College proper by legislative enact- 
 ment. Since that rime the institution has been operating un_ 
 der this regime. 
 
 The College is located near Icard Station, on the Western N. 
 C Railroad, in a community as remarkable for its morality and 
 piety, as it is noted for its healthfulness. During its existence 
 of twenty-four years, averaging annually from 100 to 250 stu- 
 dents, there has not a death occurred in the school from local 
 diseases. 
 
 This is a Male College, with a Female Department, having two 
 -distinct curricula, one for males, the other for females; yet both 
 sexes are permitted to recite in the same classes. 
 
 The Male Course embraces six regular schools, namely : 
 
 1. Latin School. 
 
 2. Greek School. 
 
 3. Mathematical School. 
 
 4. English Literature and Rhetoric, 
 
 5. School of Natural Science. 
 
 6. Mental and Moral Philosophy. 
 
 The Female Course for graduation is more extensive than our 
 Female Colleges generally in the South. We have a purely 
 lEnglisli Course which young ladies may elect when their time 
 .and means will not permit them to take the regular course. 
 
 This school confers the degrees usually conferred by other 
 
198 LITERAEY INSTITUTIONS S. 
 
 colleges. Ifc also gives /ree tuition to all minor children of niin. 
 isters of all Christian denominations; as well as to all really in- 
 digent orphans. During its existence, it has giYen away to such 
 in tuition, over one hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 Tuition per term of 5 month, ranges from 15.00 to 120. 00- 
 Board, including washing, lights, t&c, is from 18.00 to S9.00 
 per month. Students can board themselves at from $3.00 to 
 $4.00 per month. 
 
 The scholastic year commences on the 1st Wednesday of 
 August of each year, continuing 20 weeks, when there is a vaca- 
 tion until the 1st Wednesday in January, when the Spring term 
 closes the year at the expiration of 20 more weeks. 
 
 Excelsior, a beautiful village of some three hundred inhabi- 
 tants, has grown up around the College. Legislative enact- 
 ments prohibit the sale of ardent spirits to any person withini 
 two miles of the college, under penalty of 150 fiue for each 
 offence. The act also prohibits the selling or even giving alco- 
 liolic liquors to students within five miles of the college, under 
 same penalty. 
 
 The graduates of this college are to be found in all the voca- 
 tions and professions of our country. Its honorary graduates 
 are known "among the elders of the city." Its female gradu- 
 ates grace our parlors and 611 our halls of learning. 
 
 It is said that no school or college in the South is doing more 
 good for the church and poor. Let this be its reward. 
 
 FINLEY HIGH SCHOOL. 
 
 This School, located in the town of Lenoir, Caldwell county, 
 was organized in the fall of 1857, by Capt. N. P. Rankin, and 
 has been in successful operation for twenty-one years. 
 
 It was named in compliment to Mrs. James Harper, whose- 
 maiden name was Finley. 
 
 E. W. Faucette, the present Principal,, was associated witb 
 
LITERAEY INSTITUTIONS. 19» 
 
 CaiDt. Earikin for some time, and afterwards became sole Prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 In 1869, Henry C. Dixon, the present Associate Principal, enr 
 teredupon his duties in the school. 
 
 Rev. B. L. Beall, Hon. M. A. Bernhardt and Eev. P. P. 
 Winn, have been, at different times, associate teachers. 
 
 Alter a successful career of tvrenty-one years, we regard the 
 Finley High School as an established institution. It has re- 
 ceived patronage from nearly every Southern State, and in point 
 of thorough scholarship "stands in the front rank among our 
 schools." Its pupils have stood among the very first in our 
 Colleges and University. 
 
 Duiing the present year, a large, convenient and handsome 
 school building has been erected in a beautiful situation in a 
 campus containing four acres, on which is a spring of excellent 
 water. 
 
 Lenoir is becoming well known for the morality and intelli- 
 gence of its citizens, its fine climate, its pure, cold water and its 
 beautiful mountain scenery. 
 
 Good board can be obtained in the village at filO per month. 
 Tuition, for a term of five month, $26,00. 
 
 GEEENSBOEO FEMALE COLLEGE. 
 
 In September 1843, the corner-stone of the Greensboro Fe- 
 male College building was laid. In the summer of 1845, the 
 building, made of brick, containing 36 rooms was completed. 
 On the 1st of February 1846, Eev. S. Lea was elected President. 
 This was the first regularly chartered female college in North 
 Carolina, and the second, soritli of the Potomac. In 1855 the 
 number of pupils increased to such an extent, as to render it 
 necessary either to enlarge the building, or I'^iit the patronage 
 of the school to a specified number. In 1856 a wing on the 
 west end of the building was erected. Still there was a de- 
 
200 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 maiid for more room, and in 1859 a wing on the east end of 
 the building was erected. 
 
 On the 9th of August 1863, in the midst of brilliant success, 
 it was consumed by fire. August 27th, 1873, ten years and 
 seventeen days after the destruction of the old building the 
 college was re-opened with a faculty consisting of four profess- 
 ors, and five lady teachers. The new building is very large, 
 commodious, and well suited for school purposes. The dormi- 
 tories are neatly furnished, well ventilated, and warmed by 
 means of fire places. The school offers superior advantages for 
 the mental and moral training of young ladies. The object of 
 the faculty is, so to govern and instruct those committed to 
 their care, as to prepare them, not only for society, but for the 
 stern realities of responsible existence. 
 
 Rev. S. Lea, Rev. A. M. Shipp, D. D., Rev. C. F. Deems, 
 D. D. LL. D., and Rev. T. M. Jones, D. D., have in turn fill- 
 ed the honored and responsible position of President, assisted by 
 able corps of teachers. 
 
 RALEIGH BAPTIST FEMALE SEMINARY. 
 
 This school was opened for the reception of puj^ils in August 
 1870, under the administration of Rev. W. Royall, D. D. In 
 August, 1871, it passed into the hands of Mr. F. P. Hobgood, 
 who is still its Principal. 
 
 The buildings, consisting of a central building and two wings, 
 are large and commodious, and are delightfully located in the 
 northeastern part of the city, on Blount street. Tho}^ are heat- 
 ed mainly by hot air furnaces. 
 
 The grounds comprise several acres, which are tastefully laid 
 out and decorated with flowers and evergreens. 
 
 The school has all the improved facilities for securing the 
 intellectual and physical development of its pu2:»ils 
 
 The gymnasium is supplied with suitable implements for 
 teaching the calistlicnic exercise, which all the i)npils arc re- 
 quired to take. 
 
LITEEARY INSTITUTIONS. 201 
 
 The academic department lias globes, wall-maps, a pliiloso- 
 pliical and chemical apparatus, and a cabinet of minerals. The 
 kindergarten method of teaching children has receiitly been in- 
 troduced with gratifying results. 
 
 The library of the Clio Society has about one thousand yoI- 
 umes, and is supplied with magazines and newspapers. 
 
 The music department, in charge of Professor Bohlmann, for 
 many years connected with the school, has one grand piano, 
 eight 7 octave square pianos and two organs. 
 
 Tlie art department, in charge of a graduate of the celebrated 
 Cooper Union Art School, New York City, is supplied with the 
 modern conveniences for teaching art. 
 
 The last catalogue contains the names of five teachers in the 
 Academic Department, three in the Music Department, and 
 one in the Art Department, and shows an attendance last session 
 of nearly one hundred pupils. 
 
 The present session is an unusually prosperous one. 
 
 The expenses for board, fuel, light, and washing and En- 
 glish tuition per term of 5 months are 1100. 
 
 Music, drawing etc. extra. 
 
 PEACE INSTITUTE. 
 
 This Institution for young ladies, is situated in the northern 
 part of the city of Raleigh, North Carolina, at the head of Wil- 
 mington street, and about half mile from the capitol, in the 
 midst of a grove of magnificent oaks, for which the city is so 
 famed. The grounds contain about eight acres, laid off in 
 walks and ornamented with flowers, shrubbery &c. 
 
 The building is a large four story brick edifice one hundred 
 and forty-five feet long and ninety-five feet deep, with rooms 
 sufiicient to accommodate eighty boarders. The Institution is 
 under the auspices and control of Presbyterians, though in no 
 
202 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 way sectarian, every denomination being represented among its 
 pupils, and gentlemen of different denominations composing the 
 Board of Directors. 
 
 It is named after the late William Peace, Esq., an elder in 
 the Presbyterian church, of Raleigh, North Carolina, who con- 
 tributed $10,000 towards erecting the building which was com- 
 menced in 1859 and nearly finished, when the war came on and 
 put a stop to all operations. During the war it was used as a 
 hospital by the Confederate gOTernment, and afterwards by the 
 Federal government, and not restored to its owners until some- 
 time during the year 1872. The buildings were then completed 
 and put in order for school purposes. 
 
 Rev . R. Burwell and John B. Burwell then principals of the 
 Institute in Charlotte leased the property and opened the school 
 in September 18T2. 
 
 Since that time it has been in a highly prosperous condition, 
 and is now one of the largest and best equipped Institutions for 
 young ladies in the State. 
 
 The corps of teachers consist of eleven ladies and gentlemen: 
 Instruction is given in every branch usually taught in first-class 
 female Seminaries. 
 
 Hon. W. N, H. Smith is at present the President of the 
 Board of Directors among whom are George Allen, of Newbern, 
 John D. Williams, of Fayetteville; R. S. PuUen, the Messrs. 
 Tucker, and Julius Lewis, of Raleigh; Gen. R, Barringer, of 
 Charlotte; Hon. Geo. Howard, of Tarboro, and other gentlemen 
 of prominence. 
 
 ST. MARY'S SCHOOL. 
 
 This well known Institution, now in its thirty-seventh year, 
 was founded by the late Rev. Aldert Smedes, D. D., in May 
 1842. He was a man of singular fitness for his chosen work, of 
 rare judgement and foresight, of well balanced mind and varied 
 learning; with a great loving, sympathetic heart and a wonder- 
 
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 20S 
 
 ful magnetic power, to attract and influence the young. His scliool 
 soon won the affection and confidence of its pupils and their 
 parents, and attained a national reputation, resulting in a career 
 of honor, usefulness, and prosperity almost unrivalled. 
 
 After thirty-five years of unwearied, faithful labor, the belov- 
 ed and venerated founder was called to his rest, and his son, the 
 Rev. Bennett Smedes, A. M., succeeded him as Rector and Prin- 
 cipal. Having been associated with his father for sixteen yearg 
 as assistant teacher, Mr. Smedes brought to aid in the fulfill- 
 ment of his new duties, not only long experience in educational 
 work, but a full knowledge of, and sympathy with the system 
 of discipline and government which had stood successfully the 
 test of so many years and now carries on the scliool with ever" 
 increasing thoroughness and efficiency. 
 
 Real honest, hard work he demands from all the scholars; the 
 course of study embraces every branch requisite for the complete 
 education of a young lady; the teachers are the best the country 
 can supply; and no expense is spared to provide every equip- 
 ment that can promote the improvement and welfare of the girls. 
 
 The school is an Institution of the Episcopal church, under 
 the supervision of the Bishops of North Carolina. . Its pupils 
 are trained in the doctrines of the church, and are required to 
 attend the daily religious services, as well as those celebrated oil 
 Sundays, in the school chapel. 
 
 St. Mary's has always enjoyed very extensive patronage. When 
 it was opened schools of high grade were rare in this part of the- 
 country, and men of wealth and prominence from every south- 
 ern State, sent their daughters to Dr. Smedes to be trained in 
 all those qualities and accomplishments which would make 
 them good, useful, refined and cultivated gentleivomen. And 
 admirable women they have in most instances turned out to be; 
 blessing their home circle, adorning society, wieiding good in- 
 fluence in every walk of life and earnestly working, wherever 
 they may be, in the cause of Christ and His Church. 
 
 Rarely is an ex-St. Maryite found who does not venerate- 
 her Alma-Mater and recur with grateful pleasure to her 
 school days, or wish for her daughters the same advantages of 
 
304 LITERAEY mSTITUTIOKS. 
 
 moral culture and thorough education that she profited by, and 
 so children of the third generation are now coming to be en- 
 rolled upon the catalogue, and addtheir names to the long list of 
 the daughters of St, Mary's. 
 
 THE WILSON COLLEGIATE SEMINARY EOR YOUNG- 
 LADIES. 
 
 The institution began its useful career in 1859, under the su- 
 perintendence of Rev. 0. E. Deems, D. D., LL. D., now pastor 
 of the "Church of Strangers," New York City. He was fol- 
 lowed successively by Professors Adams, Arrington and J. DoB. 
 Hooj)er, the latter conducting the school with constanly increas- 
 ing reputation for thoroughness of training, until his acceptance 
 of a Professorship in the State University. In 1875, the con- 
 trol of the school passed into the hands of the present Principal, 
 J. B. Brewer, A. M. 
 
 SITUATION. 
 
 Few places combine so many advantages in the way of society, 
 accessibility, health and beauty as this enterprising and moral 
 educational centre of Eastern Carolina. The location of the Sem- 
 inary is in the most elevated and healthy part of the town, and 
 is recommended, as in all respect, the most eligible in the vi- 
 cinity. 
 
 BUILDIlSrGS. 
 
 The seminary edifice is a large and substantial structure, and 
 was built esjoecially for school jiurposes. Many additions and 
 changes have been made recently to render the building more 
 comfortable and convenient. It is now in thorough repair and 
 well arranged. 
 
LITERAEY INSTITUTIONS. 205 
 
 DISCIPLIN'E. 
 
 Tlie i,overnment is mild, but firm. The development of the 
 moral character is regarded far more important than the cul- 
 tivation of the mmd or body. 
 
 KELIGIOiSr. 
 
 The school is non-sectariaa. Pupils are required to attend 
 Divine Services at some church on Sunday, and prayers in the 
 Seminary Chapel every day. 
 
 KEPORTS. 
 
 At the expiration of each month, " printed reports are ad- 
 dressed to the parent or guardian, showing the merits and de- 
 merits of the pupils as exhibited in her general deportment, 
 attention to studies and standing in her several classes. 
 
 ADMISSION". 
 
 There are no arbitrary limitations to admission. Each 
 pupil will be assigned to such classes as she is prepared to 
 enter. 
 
 EXAMHSTATION. 
 
 Private oral and written examinations will be held at the 
 close of each term. 
 
 APPARATUS. 
 
 The supply of Apparatus for illustrating the Natural Sciences 
 is large, but will be steadily increased from year to year. 
 
-206 LIEFRAEY INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 CHOWAN BAPTIST FEMALE INSTITUTE. 
 
 MUKFEEESBOEO, NOKTH CAROLIJSTA. 
 
 This Institution was founded nearly thirty years ago by the 
 'Chowan and Portsmouth Associations, for the purpose of fur- 
 nishing to the Baptists and their friends a first class scliool, pos- 
 sessing the necessary facilities for imparting a thorough and lib- 
 eral education. They accordingly erected a large beautiful brick 
 building, four stories high, and furnished it with an elegance 
 and liberality which enabled it at once to take rank with the 
 best female schools in the country. Tliis rank it still maintains. 
 It is now in a very prosperous condition, and being free from all 
 encumbrance, its continued prosperity may be reasonably anti- 
 cipated. 
 
 The location is eminently appropriate, embracing a tract of 
 twenty-eight acres, adjacent to the tjwu. This location was se- 
 lected over several others in some respects more eligible, on ac- 
 count of its celebrity for health ; and the history of the school 
 for thirty years fally sustains the previous reputation of the 
 place. 
 
 The scholastic year is divided into two terms, thus: 
 
 Fall Term begins 1st Wednesday in October and ends 14th 
 4ayof February following. Spring Term begins the 15th day 
 of February and ends with the Annual Commencement, 4th 
 Wednesday in June. 
 
 LECTUKES. 
 
 A Lecture on some literary or scientific subject is delivered to 
 the whole school, on Friday evening of each week. 
 
 APPARATUS. 
 
 The Institution is furnished with a very complete and supe- 
 rior set of Philosophical, Chemical and Astronomical Apparatus. 
 
LITEEARY INSTITUTIONS. 207 
 
 LIBRARY, READIMG BOOM AKD CABINET. 
 
 The Institute is furnished with a small select Library, a Cabi- 
 net of Natural and Artificial Curiosities, and a Reading Room 
 supplied with suitable periodical literature. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC. 
 
 Music, instrumental and vocal, is taught by the best teachers 
 that can be procured. 
 
 This Institution is now under the charge of Rev. A. Mc- 
 Dowell, D. D., President. 
 
208 PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN NORTH CAROLINA IN 1877. 
 
 
 KO. SCHO'LS 
 
 lis 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 NO. SCHO'LS 
 
 
 COUNTIES: 
 
 ail 
 
 
 
 
 0^ 
 
 
 a5 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 Alamauce 
 
 Alexander . 
 
 38 
 64 
 
 :-0 
 
 15 
 76 
 46 
 
 "33" 
 
 36 
 62 
 33 
 54 
 37 
 15 
 ^0 
 26 
 54 
 48 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 18 
 
 5 
 25 
 
 "si)" 
 17 
 14 
 IS 
 31 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 42 
 
 6 
 29 
 
 $ 4,269 
 2,664 
 
 1,7!;=^. 
 4,453 
 
 3 /5;. -i 
 5,36i 
 
 "4,456 
 
 1,75'J 
 
 82 
 64 
 
 :M 
 66 
 
 47 
 
 59 
 ":0 
 
 Johnston 
 
 Jones. . . . 
 
 56 
 31 
 31) 
 38 
 33 
 43 
 33 
 42 
 65 
 36 
 2( 
 64 
 39 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 51 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 z 
 
 31 
 
 10 
 
 39 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 36 
 27 
 11 
 
 § 7,543 
 4,971 
 5,459 
 3,848 
 2.572 
 2,906 
 5,9; 3 
 ii,l6ti 
 
 14 983 
 1,214 
 4,10(f 
 4,509 
 9,466 
 
 15,141 
 
 42 
 43 
 
 Alleghany .'...'..... 
 
 Leiioii' 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 iU 
 
 Anson 
 
 21 
 
 ArJiC 
 
 Maci n 
 
 Madison 
 
 87 
 
 Beaufort . . . 
 
 ■>.R 
 
 Bertie-'" 
 
 Mavlni 
 
 39 
 
 Bladen 
 
 McDowell 
 
 i.ii V-;' i,''.iVui 'T 
 
 Milci:<dl 
 
 8fi 
 
 Brunswick 
 
 S'4 
 l?i 
 
 Bnrkc 
 
 <';il>:iTTi:s 
 
 3,1; 
 
 6,703 
 
 2,2^4 
 
 3,0;;5 
 
 1,67 
 
 8,482 
 
 4,133 
 
 5,844 
 
 3; 1 
 ^0 
 27 
 38 
 14 
 70 
 
 ',5 
 
 iMoiits'Oiiiery 
 
 Moore 
 
 09 
 10 
 
 ('i:!i;vV(.'i; 
 
 Camden 
 
 Nash 
 
 New Hanover 
 
 15 
 60 
 
 Caswell 
 
 Onslow 
 
 18 
 40 
 19 
 18 
 
 "25" 
 27 
 26 
 21 
 82 
 30 
 53 
 56 
 56 
 55 
 57 
 40 
 35 
 54 
 18 
 23 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 £5 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 "32" 
 27 
 30 
 9 
 23 
 49 
 38 
 49 
 18 
 
 n 
 
 52 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 '"i" 
 
 6 
 
 2.036 
 6,4.3 
 1.960 
 5,105 
 
 "5!2fi4 
 5,868 
 8,880 
 971 
 7,34S 
 6,077 
 3,748 
 6,646 
 6,462 
 4,784 
 8,156 
 3,868 
 3,194 
 3,226 
 589 
 1,270 
 1,152 
 
 07' 
 
 Catawba 
 
 Orange 
 
 Fanilico 
 
 38 
 18 
 
 Cherokee* 
 
 Pasquotank 
 
 Pender* 
 
 Pi'vciuiuiaij.-j 
 
 Person 
 
 22 
 
 Chowan 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 60 
 67 
 15 
 39 
 24 
 14 
 82 
 33 
 44 
 28 
 55 
 48 
 45 
 11 
 15 
 30 
 17 
 81 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 14 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 21 
 
 11 
 
 33 
 
 44 
 
 15 
 
 49 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 46 
 
 20 
 
 26 
 
 2,272 
 
 3.3(0 
 
 5,271:: 
 9,533 
 
 ].2:--5 
 5.161 
 4,38:- 
 3,214 
 9,903 
 8,150 
 5,967 
 5,104 
 1,950 
 1,378 
 8„'^2i 
 5,608 
 11,088 
 
 82 
 
 68 
 40 
 47 
 33 
 40 
 31 
 91 
 
 ■:4 
 
 67 
 
 50 
 87 
 77 
 45 
 41 
 82 
 28 
 71 
 
 
 Clay 
 
 25 
 90 
 
 
 Pitt 
 
 K?, 
 
 Craven 
 
 Polk 
 
 00 
 
 Cuml)erland 
 
 Currituck 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Richmond 
 
 R(:beson 
 
 77 
 47 
 
 Hare 
 
 8fi 
 
 Bavidson 
 
 Davie 
 
 Rockingham 
 
 Rowa,n 
 
 Rutherford 
 
 75 
 
 Buplin 
 
 63 
 
 
 52 
 
 
 Stanly 
 
 49 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Gaston ... 
 
 Stokes 
 
 Surry 
 
 84 
 99 
 
 Uates 
 
 
 94 
 
 fcrraham 
 
 Transylvania 
 
 Tvrrell 
 
 19 
 
 CIranville 
 
 iO 
 
 
 
 
 G'uilford 
 
 Wake 
 
 98 
 19 
 
 82 
 23 
 
 30,282 
 6,796 
 
 ••^S 
 
 Halifax* 
 
 Warren 
 
 51 
 
 
 38 
 44 
 45 
 26 
 19 
 89 
 30 
 
 23 
 3 
 11 
 35 
 15 
 38 
 2 
 
 4.681 
 8,195 
 
 2!893 
 5,888 
 7,744 
 1.331 
 
 34 
 72 
 01 
 49 
 25 
 75 
 97 
 
 
 
 
 Watauga 
 
 40 
 37 
 82 
 35 
 48 
 .'4 
 
 2 
 30 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 1.368 
 10,769 
 3,i50 
 8,608 
 3.201 
 1.701 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 Hertford 
 
 Wilkes 
 
 54 
 
 Hyde 
 
 
 31 
 
 Iredell 
 
 Yadkin 
 
 55 
 
 
 Yniicey 
 
 92 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * No report from this coiinty to the Superintendent of Pul)lic Instruction. 
 
STATE I»EESS. 
 
 209 
 
 STATE PRESS. 
 
 Name of Paper. 
 
 Kandolph Regulator 
 
 Randolph Sun 
 
 North Carolina Citizen 
 
 Asheville Pioneer 
 
 Charlotte Democrat 
 
 Charlotte Observer 
 
 Southern Home 
 
 Charlotte Call 
 
 South-Land 
 
 Concord Sun 
 
 Concord Register 
 
 Durham Tobacco Plant 
 
 Alamance Gleaner 
 
 New North State 
 
 Central Protestant 
 
 Patriot 
 
 Recoi'der 
 
 Hillsboro Recorder 
 
 Piedmont Press 
 
 Central 
 
 Record 
 
 Carolina Watchman 
 
 Salisbury Examiner 
 
 Aurora 
 
 Winston Western Sentinel.. 
 
 Winston Leader 
 
 Winston Union Republican. 
 
 Pee Dee Herald 
 
 Lilesville Crescent 
 
 North Carolina Argus 
 
 Cherokee Herald 
 
 Milton Chronicle 
 
 Lincoln Progress ■. 
 
 News 
 
 Enterpz'ise 
 
 Blue Ridge Blade 
 
 Mount Airy Watchmen 
 
 National Visitor 
 
 Union Express . . . ; 
 
 jNIonroe Enquirer 
 
 Reidsville News 
 
 Reidsville Times 
 
 Spirit of the South 
 
 Pee Dee Bee 
 
 Western Vindicator 
 
 Peoples Press 
 
 Statesville American 
 
 Statesville Landmark 
 
 Parmer and Mechanic 
 
 Oaserver 
 
 Raleigh News 
 
 Friend of Temperance 
 
 North Carolina Farmer 
 
 Biblical Recorder 
 
 Christian Advocate 
 
 Transcript and Messenger.. 
 
 The Mail 
 
 Tarbo ro Southerner 
 
 Wilson Advance 
 
 Wilson Express 
 
 Place of Publi- 
 cation. 
 
 
 Ashboro 
 
 Ashboro 
 
 Asheville 
 
 Asheville 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 Concord 
 
 Concord 
 
 Durham 
 
 Graham 
 
 ^ireensboro 
 
 Greensboro 
 
 Greensboro 
 
 Gold Hill 
 
 Hillsboro 
 
 Hickory 
 
 Lexington 
 
 Lexington 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Shelby 
 
 Winston 
 
 Winston 
 
 Winston 
 
 Wadesboro 
 
 Lilesville 
 
 Polkton 
 
 Murphy 
 
 Milton 
 
 Lincolnton 
 
 Lincolnton , 
 
 Madison 
 
 Morganton 
 
 Mount Airy 
 
 Mount Airy 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Reidsville 
 
 Reidsville , 
 
 Rockingham... 
 
 Rockingham 
 
 Rutherfordton. . 
 
 Salem 
 
 Statesville 
 
 Statesville 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 Raleigh , 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 Goldsboro 
 
 Goldsboro 
 
 Tarboro 
 
 iWilson, 
 
 Wilson 
 
 1876 
 1878 
 1850 
 1866 
 1852 
 1869 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 1872 
 1875 
 
 1875 
 1871 
 1874 
 1821 
 
 1820 
 1870 
 
 1878 
 1832 
 
 1875 
 1852 
 1870 
 1872 
 1868 
 1879 
 1877 
 1873 
 1841 
 
 1877 
 
 1875 
 i872 
 
 1873 
 1871 
 
 1873 
 
 1857 
 1873 
 1877 
 1876 
 1872 
 1867 
 
 1835 
 1855 
 1867 
 1872 
 1822 
 1870 
 
 EDITORS. 
 
 ■Tames T. Crocker. 
 J. A. Blair. 
 Purman & Stone. 
 John C. Gorman." 
 W. J. Yates. 
 U. R. Jones. 
 
 McDowell. 
 Neill Dumont. 
 Dawson & Co. 
 E. H. McLaughlin. 
 .Tohn Woodhouse. 
 C. B. Green. 
 Edward S. Parker 
 W. H. McCormiek. 
 T. L. Michaux. 
 P. F. Duffy. 
 
 .John D. Cameron. 
 •T. S. Tomlinsou. 
 
 H. Bruner. 
 •T. .1 . Bruner. 
 T. .1. Stewart. 
 •I. P. Babington. 
 G. M. Mather. 
 .J. A. Robinson. 
 J. W. Goslen. 
 .Tohn T. Patrick. 
 E. R. Liles. 
 0. D. Gale. 
 McNellyA Singleton 
 0. N. B. Evans. 
 P. H. DeLane. 
 Geo. A. Warlick. 
 
 H H. Crowson. 
 
 Chas. C. Harryman. 
 
 .1. D. & T. J. Lowry 
 
 Walter .T. Boylin. 
 
 W. C. Wolfe. 
 
 John R. Webster. 
 
 J. A. Smith &Co. 
 
 Wm R. Terry. 
 
 Wm. F. Sandford. 
 
 L. P. Ervin. 
 
 L. V. & E. T. Blum. 
 
 Eugene B. Drake. 
 
 Ramsey & Brooks. 
 
 R. A. Shot well. 
 
 Hale & Saunders. 
 
 Hussey & Jordan. 
 
 R. H. Whitaker. 
 
 James H. Enniss. 
 
 Edwards, Broughtou & Co. 
 
 Revs. Black & Reid. 
 
 J. A. Bonitz. 
 
 W. H. Avera. 
 
 Charles & Battle. 
 
 Woodard & Hobgood, 
 
 u 
 
310 
 
 STATE PEESS. 
 
 STATE PRESS— ( Contmued. ) 
 
 Name of Paper. 
 
 Wilson Zion's Landmark 
 
 The Casket 
 
 Wilmington Star 
 
 Carolina Parmer 
 
 Wilmington Evening Review. . . 
 
 Journal 
 
 North Carolina Presbyterian — 
 
 8011th Atlantic 
 
 Wilmington Sun 
 
 Robesonian 
 
 New-Bernian 
 
 New Berne Nut Shell 
 
 North State Press 
 
 Elizabeth City Economist 
 
 North Carolinian 
 
 Times 
 
 Enquirer 
 
 Torch Light 
 
 Free Lance 
 
 Roanoke News 
 
 Warrenton Gazette 
 
 North Carolina Gazette 
 
 Era 
 
 Western Courier 
 
 Chowan Gazette 
 
 University Magazine 
 
 Chapel Hill Ledger 
 
 Beaufort Atlantic 
 
 Jackson Courier 
 
 Northampton Rei)orter 
 
 Chatham Record 
 
 Wilkesboro Witness 
 
 Lenoir Topic 
 
 North Carolina Medical Journal 
 
 Reporter 
 
 Reporter 
 
 Republican 
 
 Gazette 
 
 Free Will BapMst 
 
 Henderson Tobacconist 
 
 Bible Record 
 
 Sentry 
 
 Express 
 
 Place op Pubm- 
 
 CATION. 
 
 Wilson 
 
 Wilson 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 Lumberton 
 
 New Berne 
 
 New Berne 
 
 Washington 
 
 Elizabeth City 
 
 Elizabeth City 
 
 Louisburg 
 
 Murfreesboro 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Weldon 
 
 Warrenton 
 
 Payetteville 
 
 Hendersonville . 
 Hendersonville . 
 
 Edenton 
 
 Jhapel Hill 
 
 Jhapel Hill 
 
 Beaufort 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Pittsboro 
 
 Wilkesboro, ' 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 ("'ranklin 
 
 Danbury 
 
 Bakersville 
 
 .VIooresville 
 
 I'^remont 
 
 Henderson 
 
 Winston 
 
 Winton 
 
 jreeneville 
 
 1867 
 1878 
 1867 
 
 i875 
 1844 
 1858 
 1877 
 1878 
 1870 
 1874 
 187.f) 
 1877 
 
 i868 
 1871 
 1875 
 1873 
 1877 
 1867 
 1872 
 
 1877 
 1877 
 1878 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 1878 
 1877 
 1875 
 1878 
 1878 
 1872 
 
 Editor. 
 
 1878 
 1877 
 1876 
 
 P D. Gold. 
 P. D. Gold. 
 W. H. Bernard. 
 W. H. Bernard. 
 Josh L. James. 
 Josh L. James. 
 John McLaurin. 
 Mrs. Cicero W. Harris. 
 < icero W. Harris. 
 W. W. McDiarmid. 
 S. M. Carpenter. 
 Geo. E. Pitt man. 
 C. M. Brown & Bro. 
 R. B. ( reocy. 
 Palemon John. 
 Hall & Thomas. 
 E. L. C. Ward, 
 W. A. Davis. 
 Wm. Biggs. 
 Batchelor & Lockhart. 
 H. A. Footo. 
 J. H. & G. G. Myrover. 
 W. M. Allison. 
 Davis, Smith & Ewart. 
 Wm. M. Bond. 
 Literary Societies. 
 
 Briggs & Wright. 
 Henry A. London, Jr. 
 W. F. Porter. 
 R. E. Blakey. 
 Wood & DeRosset. 
 H. S. Blair. 
 Pepper & Sons. 
 J. W. C. Dcako. 
 McLaughlin & Clark. 
 L. E. Johnson. 
 P B. Clarke. 
 
 1878 
 1877 
 
 T. A. Ramsey & Co. 
 J. R. Whicbard k Bro. 
 
 AMATEUR PRESS OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 North Carolina Amateur Rose Hill. 
 
 Our Free Blade Goldsboro , 
 
 Oak City Item Raleigh . 
 
 Boys Courier | New Berne . 
 
 Carr & Southerland. 
 
 1878|Daniels & Griffin. 
 
 1878|H. V. Paul & R. H. Engle. 
 
 ....[Howard & Wiley. 
 
TABULATED STATEMENT 
 
 OP THE 
 
 FAEM PEODUCTS 
 
 OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
SJifc^'ffi^i^W'^f^ 
 
 IM^^mMJ^T"-; 
 
 lum fto. 1 „ Un. „, Fr.n.1, B™iJ B 1 IrA™ 
 
m 
 
 FARM PR0DTTCT8. 
 
 FARM PRODUCTS. 
 
 
 
 LAND AND CROPS. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 9 
 S . 
 
 1.9 
 
 3 
 
 < . 
 
 a" 
 
 3 
 15 
 
 ID 
 < . 
 
 a'" 
 
 CO 
 
 <v ■ 
 <^ 
 
 a) 
 o 
 <>. 
 
 a-s 
 
 3 
 
 % 3 
 
 a" 
 
 3 
 
 
 u O 
 
 n 
 
 il> . 
 < 3 
 
 3 
 
 12; 
 
 1 
 
 Alamance 
 
 Alexander 
 
 Alleghany 
 
 Anson 
 
 18203 
 6220 
 1115 
 
 426» 
 2752 
 
 20154 
 12944 
 
 8.581) 
 
 17830 
 
 7016 
 
 139 
 6l3 
 
 2318 
 262 
 
 4438 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 270 
 
 1 
 
 
 219 
 106 
 
 138 
 72 
 
 126 
 37 
 
 283 
 
 188 
 458 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 123 
 
 .) 
 
 
 
 481 
 
 2 
 
 65 
 
 
 Ashe 
 
 •i61 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 496 
 
 34419 
 
 303 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 1003 
 
 23 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 Bladen* 
 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 Brunswick — 
 
 BuiHtombe 
 
 Burke 
 
 13 
 
 14968 
 
 7143 
 
 11439 
 
 7370 
 
 924 
 
 23000 
 14111 
 16392 
 13269 
 14174 
 
 97 
 1626 
 924 
 
 55 
 612 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 363 
 
 ■■■'io 
 
 2 
 
 1948 
 78 
 190 
 104 
 170 
 361 
 
 8 
 278 
 156 
 
 82 
 161 
 
 59 
 
 
 10 
 
 n 
 
 174 
 
 5 
 
 ] 
 
 33 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 50) 
 218 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 Cabarrus 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 Camden 
 
 241 
 
 342 
 
 6 
 
 Ifi 
 
 Caswell 
 
 Catawba 
 
 Chatham 
 
 Cherokee 
 
 Chowan 
 
 Clay 
 
 10025 
 
 13821 
 
 33i;0 
 
 33' 
 
 834 
 
 2187 
 
 1'878 
 
 67 
 
 302 
 
 502 
 
 56 
 
 12 
 
 25795 
 
 12163 
 
 19916 
 19781 
 31974 
 
 9614 
 1142 
 
 5403 
 25638 
 15358 
 15691 
 18t!06 
 18506 
 786 
 29739 
 17306 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 424 
 
 267 
 
 2204 
 
 181 
 
 681 
 
 79 
 
 841 
 
 1899 
 
 1194 
 
 714 
 
 551 
 
 286 
 
 308 
 
 95 
 
 211 
 
 231 
 
 101 
 
 218 
 
 17 
 
 72 
 
 204 
 
 6 
 
 128 
 
 88 
 
 98 
 
 23 
 
 198 
 
 89 
 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 14 
 
 249 
 
 22 
 696 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 406 
 398 
 254 
 
 •?-n 
 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 •?i 
 
 718 
 119 
 134 
 189 
 1362 
 36 
 
 4 
 
 
 168 
 
 ?? 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Columbus 
 
 
 3 
 
 709 
 
 63 
 
 22 
 
 312 
 
 ?.s 
 
 
 
 
 ■^4 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 9ii 
 
 Cumberland. .. 
 
 Currituck 
 
 Dare 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 '^fi 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ?'" 
 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 Davidson 
 
 205 
 852 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 10 
 
 272 
 
 280 
 
 S(l 
 
 Duplin* . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Korsyth 
 
 Franklin 
 
 13385 
 9131 
 
 18878 
 23882 
 
 33^ 
 
 128 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 806 
 
 824 
 
 345 
 129 
 
 55 
 8 
 
 ;^4 
 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 
 889 
 
 5(18 
 
 14674 
 
 3180 
 
 25119 
 
 17794 
 1835 
 32807 
 20701 
 30372 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 958 
 
 23 
 
 1019 
 
 386 
 288 
 
 17 
 33 
 
 166 
 38 
 
 194 
 
 2 
 
 8ti 
 
 GJraham 
 
 Uranville 
 
 180 
 1(0 
 300 
 
 228 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 
 37 
 
 87 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 88 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 39 
 
 4n 
 
 Uuilfofd 
 
 Halifav* 
 
 10 
 
 120 
 
 259 
 
 41 
 
 Harnett 
 
 Haywood 
 
 Henderson 
 
 Hertford 
 
 Hyde 
 
 1104 
 8788 
 2531 
 597 
 1026 
 18915 
 
 14637 
 5679 
 14759 
 20194 
 18179 
 88698 
 
 500 
 
 543 
 
 2394 
 
 15 
 
 41 
 
 • 488 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 728 
 79 
 18 
 501 
 231 
 262 
 
 46 
 56 
 56 
 41 
 
 8 
 254 
 
 1 
 
 42 
 48 
 
 184 
 
 58 
 
 2 
 
 102 
 67 
 
 4 1 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 45 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 809 
 1 
 
 
 4G 
 47 
 
 Iredell 
 
 Jackaon* 
 
 1197 
 
 *No report. 
 
$^ARM PRODUCTS. 
 
 213 
 
 FARM PRODUCTS— ( Continued) 
 
 LAND AND CROFS—{ConUnned.) 
 
 aj 
 
 IS 
 
 « 
 
 (E 
 
 GO 
 
 CO 
 
 ai . 
 
 to 
 
 CO 
 
 to 
 
 to 
 
 9 
 
 f 
 
 y 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 ? 
 
 4) K 
 
 s> 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 OJ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ga 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 «^ 03 
 
 
 
 " ^ 
 
 
 " 73 
 
 «P to 
 
 V <J1 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 <^ 
 
 
 <3 <v 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 3 
 
 
 ■^o 
 
 t2 
 
 
 
 ?^ 
 
 
 
 2? 
 
 ^? 
 
 1 = 
 
 
 a 
 
 0)0 
 
 a-s 
 
 a-s 
 
 g 
 
 a 5 
 
 S2 
 
 3 5 
 
 46 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 s 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 s a 
 
 ^ 
 
 3 
 
 
 ;z5 
 
 a 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 1? 
 
 i5-" 
 
 ^ 
 
 » 
 
 S; 
 
 a 
 
 
 21 
 
 10906 
 
 877 
 
 2335 
 
 24 
 
 833 
 
 132 
 
 3036 
 
 14 
 
 244 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 5313 
 
 35 
 
 45 
 
 
 375 
 
 54 
 
 1772 
 
 4 
 
 253 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1555 
 7048 
 
 542 
 
 54 
 
 3346 
 77 
 
 " "ii 
 
 113 
 
 39 
 32 
 
 758 
 1042 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 J! 
 
 9 
 
 21 
 
 12836 
 
 4 
 
 
 1 
 
 2661 
 
 1532 
 
 23087 
 
 
 194 
 
 
 1145 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 2096 
 
 22 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 81 
 
 695 
 
 16 
 
 15624 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 
 228 
 
 55 
 3137 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 694 
 
 1 
 
 84 
 
 2267 
 
 i 
 
 14 
 
 65 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 407 
 
 3499 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1617 
 
 88 
 
 320 
 
 30 
 
 440 
 
 60 
 
 1208 
 
 10 
 
 29 
 
 n 
 
 
 12 
 
 5353 
 
 213 
 
 1537 
 
 12 
 
 116 
 
 11 
 
 841 
 
 
 8191 
 
 12 
 
 
 5 
 
 1933 
 
 93 
 
 345 
 
 12 
 
 535 
 
 94 
 
 1405 
 
 13 
 
 100 
 
 1?, 
 
 
 
 1133 
 
 79 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 27 
 
 1 
 
 126 
 
 2 
 
 1146 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 
 12900 
 
 1886 
 
 138 
 
 19 
 
 600 
 
 145 
 
 1618 
 
 1 
 
 82 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 7924 
 
 360 
 
 839 
 
 58 
 
 499 
 
 96 
 
 2476 
 
 14 
 
 2161 
 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 21876 
 
 225 
 
 1536 
 
 10 
 
 314 
 
 52 
 
 3989 
 
 7 
 
 6908 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 384 
 566 
 
 44 
 36 
 
 619 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 522 
 
 8 
 
 55 
 21 
 
 542 
 277 
 
 64 
 155 
 
 ""sisi- 
 
 19 
 
 
 21 
 
 20 
 
 
 1 
 
 707 
 
 110 
 
 636 
 
 7 
 
 153 
 
 36 
 
 429 
 
 4 
 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 9189 
 
 57 
 
 44 
 
 46 
 
 409 
 
 230 
 
 1730 
 
 59 
 
 8700 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 115 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 37 
 
 6 
 
 593 
 
 62 
 
 900 
 
 2a 
 
 
 9(1 
 
 216 
 
 6 
 
 40 
 
 8 
 
 40 
 
 7 
 
 346 
 
 26 
 
 6256 
 
 24 
 
 ] 
 
 35 
 
 731 
 
 1 
 
 73 
 
 14 
 
 33 
 
 44 
 
 993 
 
 103 
 
 3515 
 
 25 
 
 
 55 
 
 265 
 
 7 
 
 21801 
 
 29 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 487 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 216 
 
 375 
 
 14 
 
 75 
 
 26 
 
 ^7 
 
 14 
 
 71 
 
 1346 
 
 4105 
 
 61 
 
 285 
 
 2770 
 
 70 
 
 1946 
 
 28 
 
 
 15 
 
 8844 
 
 607 
 
 1453 
 
 23 
 
 318 
 
 23 
 
 1832 
 
 12 
 
 119 
 
 29 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 9850 
 
 1229 
 
 3700 
 
 21 
 
 391 
 
 45 
 
 3696 
 
 56 
 
 42 
 
 32 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 5700 
 
 176 
 
 249 
 
 25 
 
 476 
 
 118 
 
 1920 
 
 46 
 
 20498 
 
 33 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 3U 
 
 1345 
 
 2o;-i 
 
 16313 
 
 39 
 
 10 
 
 1535 
 
 3 
 146 
 184 
 
 
 
 9 
 23 
 134 
 
 823 
 
 172 
 
 2146 
 
 2 
 
 4218 
 
 ■■"5 
 
 
 7 
 25 
 
 21 
 551 
 
 36 
 
 
 9 
 
 77 
 
 4138 
 
 37 
 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 13 6 
 17157 
 
 1 
 
 66^ 
 
 15 
 
 5799 
 
 
 
 34 
 171 
 
 364 
 
 5668 
 
 32 
 
 8 
 
 11894 
 256 
 
 38 
 
 
 44 
 
 478 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 111 
 
 151 
 
 6 
 
 961 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 27 
 
 884 
 
 54 
 
 45 
 
 41 
 
 
 2 
 
 967 
 1057 
 
 223 
 35 
 
 2524 
 i:57 
 
 ■■■■76 
 
 59 
 315 
 
 56 
 51 
 
 3.)4 
 1125 
 
 
 
 4'> 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 43 
 
 
 30 
 
 913 
 
 30 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 666 
 
 22 
 
 10365 
 
 44 
 
 
 ■i 
 
 1228 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 68 
 
 5 
 
 158 
 
 
 1765 
 
 45 
 
 7 
 
 32 
 
 14659 
 
 888 
 
 1124 
 
 46 
 
 428 
 
 149 
 
 3453 
 
 16 
 
 5443 
 
 46 
 47 
 
^14 
 
 i^ARM PRODUCTS. 
 
 PARM PRODUCTS— ( Continued. ) 
 
 
 
 LAND AND 
 CROPS. 
 
 AGGREGATE AMOUNT PRODUCED. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 32 
 
 3 
 
 ^§ 
 •M Oj 
 
 OP 
 
 9-J 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 M 
 
 o 
 
 ,£3 
 
 S 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 M 
 I 
 
 "3 
 
 "5 
 
 pq 
 
 106 
 
 6 
 2170 
 
 4 
 1833 
 
 m 
 1 
 
 ri 
 
 3 
 I 
 
 s 
 
 1 « 
 
 Pi 
 
 
 13 
 4 
 
 1317 
 
 J 08 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 98919 
 32454 
 7468 
 18900 
 15287 
 
 319885 
 191296 
 73727 
 166367 
 133942 
 
 584 
 
 1754 
 
 23031 
 
 607 
 
 17789 
 
 
 18518 
 
 
 Alexander 
 
 Alleghany 
 
 
 10 
 
 11121 
 
 ^ 
 
 Anson 
 
 
 ""'ei 
 
 50 
 89 
 
 41.377 
 
 
 Aslie 
 
 
 153 
 
 ti 
 
 Beaufort* 
 
 
 
 
 Bertie 
 
 3 
 
 
 3544 
 
 323439 
 
 2420 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 180417 
 
 8 
 
 Bladen* 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 Brunswick ... 
 Buncombe 
 
 
 5 
 
 465 
 
 188 
 
 2 
 
 135 
 
 92 
 75534 
 47491 
 52252 
 70581 
 
 44601 
 395790 
 231824 
 191786 
 157669 
 135667 
 
 203 
 §573 
 3717 
 
 220 
 
 2349 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 90867 
 
 80024 
 
 10 
 
 1712 
 
 ■ 48 
 
 9 
 
 72 
 
 
 6247 
 
 11 
 
 Burke ;... 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 10 
 15 
 
 7407 
 280 
 
 12388 
 
 v> 
 
 
 8882 
 
 13 
 14 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 Camden 
 
 Carteret.* 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 17725 
 
 28947 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ifi 
 
 Caswell 
 
 Catawtia 
 
 Chatham 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6686 
 90 
 130 
 108 
 
 ii5 
 
 40 
 
 3 
 
 116 
 
 13 
 
 63692 
 
 106286 
 
 133715 
 
 16157 
 
 1252 
 
 9865 
 
 64970 
 
 298 
 
 1618 
 
 2644 
 
 287 
 
 72 
 
 115923 
 
 75717 
 
 403452 
 
 S59300 
 
 430O72 
 
 195603 
 
 82723 
 
 71774 
 
 338682 
 
 94146 
 
 82965 
 
 152295 
 
 142206 
 
 12828 
 
 351250 
 
 313516 
 
 128 
 
 701 
 
 76 
 
 1681 
 
 
 
 
 2709,3 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 100 
 
 6 
 
 94 
 
 io 
 
 10 
 
 21763 
 58308 
 9,5,34 
 
 8(1 
 
 Chowan 
 
 i;iay 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 38523 
 
 •?A 
 
 2421 
 
 687 
 
 351 
 
 28 
 
 3078 
 
 2672 
 
 
 
 .5371 
 
 f/ 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 938 
 
 187107 
 
 4315 
 
 2673 
 
 850 
 
 ,39999 
 
 iiS 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Craven 
 
 
 107367 
 
 'n 
 
 15 
 15 
 
 
 61442 
 
 i5 
 
 Cumberland .. 
 
 Currituck 
 
 Dare.... 
 
 i 
 
 (■078 
 21702 
 
 i>7 
 
 
 
 18540 
 
 >;9 
 
 Davidson 
 
 Davie 
 
 24 
 5 
 
 556 
 1539 
 
 1365 
 3692 
 
 4 
 
 156 
 
 95 
 
 17500 
 11927 
 
 80 
 
 Duplin* 
 
 
 
 
 SI 
 
 Edgecombe*.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 Poi'sytlie 
 
 Franklin 
 
 4 
 
 3779 
 342 
 
 84024 
 41634 
 
 279118 
 317312 
 
 2095 
 441 
 
 16 
 
 
 ,30 
 60 
 
 19017 
 
 52810 
 
 H-) 
 
 Uaston* 
 
 
 
 
 3-1 
 
 Gates 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 23 
 
 7645 
 
 2 
 1274 
 
 3869 
 
 1666 
 
 86379 
 
 22202 
 
 128502 
 
 258527 
 27205 
 415710 
 226897 
 484405 
 
 
 
 
 120 
 
 88425 
 2272 
 
 Hti 
 
 Graham 
 
 Granville 
 
 Greene 
 
 691 
 275 
 1080 
 776 
 
 25 
 10 
 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 66806 
 
 H8 
 
 
 669 
 
 38659 
 36946 
 
 39 
 40 
 
 (iuilford 
 
 Halifa.x* 
 
 1 
 
 125 
 
 1494 
 
 41 
 
 Harnett 
 
 
 28 
 111 
 
 24 
 2 
 
 12 
 795 
 
 4154 
 19460 
 12814 
 5317 
 5953 
 96535 
 
 101164 
 10.5723 
 200127 
 197965 
 156904 
 435618 
 
 1152 
 1965 
 11600 
 85 
 265 
 l(i39 
 
 ■'125.3 
 
 288 
 
 6 
 20 
 22 
 
 11.53 
 
 62355 
 1809 
 4185 
 
 55945 
 
 4!i 
 
 ?3 
 
 Haywood 
 
 Henderson 
 
 1 
 
 44 
 
 Hertford 
 
 
 4r. 
 
 Hyde 
 
 1 
 IR 
 
 
 
 9318 
 20 
 
 
 4fi 
 
 Iredell 
 
 28 
 
 11 
 
 18963 
 
 47 
 
 .lacksou* 
 
 *No report. 
 
FARM PRODUCTS. 
 
 215 
 
 FARM PRODUCTS— ( Cmdumed. ) 
 
 AGGREGATE AMOUNT PRODUCED. 
 
 Kris' 
 ^% 
 
 o 
 Ph 
 
 1 S 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 o 
 
 c 
 o 
 M 
 
 73 
 
 m 
 1 
 
 OS 
 
 "3 
 
 O 
 
 Si 
 m 
 
 tn 
 
 S 
 oj 
 
 % 
 % 
 
 w 
 1 
 
 X 
 
 "S 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 s 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 CO 
 
 w 
 
 
 c 
 
 H 
 
 % 
 
 s 
 
 1' 
 cc 
 
 3 
 
 rri 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 5 • 
 
 
 7625 
 5775 
 
 4780 
 
 9283 
 
 13129 
 
 7491 
 
 1901 
 
 6210 
 
 10790 
 6790 
 6480 
 
 ■■■■56 
 
 461 
 
 26 
 
 66118 
 
 29797 
 12557 
 44084 
 20958 
 
 367 
 
 2 
 312 
 
 ti 
 220 
 
 1918 
 
 208 
 
 3187 
 
 88 
 
 2350 
 
 23 
 35 
 
 10923 
 5370 
 102" 
 
 3235 
 2359 
 
 491 
 
 73 
 
 793 
 138 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 17H7 
 1394!J 
 
 110 
 
 S5T 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 ti 
 
 1995 
 
 553 
 
 5089 
 
 
 490 
 
 18412 
 
 127 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 1666 
 
 294 
 
 7 
 
 1040 
 
 ""47612 
 
 12670 
 
 11532 
 
 2165.) 
 
 61 
 
 17612 
 15218 
 8273 
 1363 
 9280 
 2365 
 
 
 69694 
 8 
 
 15 
 46 
 121 
 
 367 
 
 25107 
 
 6706 
 
 26757 
 
 8867 
 
 7442 
 
 
 
 
 144 
 
 4083 
 2974 
 
 390 
 5619 
 
 825 
 
 66 
 62 
 
 6 
 
 75 
 
 214 
 
 7 
 
 Q 
 
 18878 
 8128 
 5S61 
 
 15680 
 4195 
 
 280 
 
 186 
 
 114 
 
 4S 
 
 5 
 
 2111 
 153 
 
 1790 
 966 
 302 
 
 78 
 71 
 11 
 44 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 U 
 12 
 13 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 tiilli'^ 
 
 12il!> 
 
 8715 
 
 lOSOS 
 
 592 
 
 2862 
 
 1071! 
 
 80f 
 
 S856 
 
 1873 
 
 2944 
 
 1100 
 
 "'26ii6 
 
 18864 
 22614 
 50 
 10818 
 20669 
 8 
 
 ion 
 
 1175 
 
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 I^AEM PRODUCTS— ( Continued.) 
 
 
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FARM PRODUCTS. 
 
 217 
 
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 FARM PRODUCTS. 
 
 FARM FUO'D'UCTS—iContiuued.) 
 
 
 
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 992 
 22882 
 
 7112 
 
 877 
 
 12717 
 
 8792 
 
 7052 
 29450 
 20937 
 41848 
 20359 
 33417 
 23228 
 4.3271 
 14882 
 14456 
 
 5!i0 
 67 
 
 694 
 1912 
 
 482 
 74 
 
 459 
 
 345 
 90 
 
 937 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 300 
 512 
 
 lft07 
 309 
 184 
 396 
 
 1724 
 175 
 241 
 
 45 
 
 185 
 
 92 
 
 47 
 
 267 
 
 218 
 
 75 
 
 39 
 
 259 
 
 i26 
 
 365 
 20 
 
 i5 
 
 72 
 7:-! 
 
 Randoli)h 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Robeson 
 
 Rockingham.. 
 
 Rowan 
 
 Rutherford ... 
 
 Samj)son 
 
 .Stanly 
 
 Stokes 
 
 Surry* 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 ""22 
 195 
 
 74 
 75 
 
 ""22 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 78 
 7'.) 
 
 
 i 
 
 212 
 
 582 
 
 526 
 
 1 
 
 225 
 
 80 
 81 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 17 
 
 89 
 
 Swain 
 
 862 
 598 
 585 
 10426 
 7872 
 
 2642 
 
 7514 
 
 8827 
 
 20113 
 
 24518 
 
 219 
 2599 
 
 4 
 
 159 
 
 2 
 
 51 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 26 
 31 
 349 
 221 
 1229 
 
 30 
 60 
 117 
 74 
 63 
 
 
 8S 
 
 Transylvania.. 
 
 Tyrreil 
 
 Union 
 
 Wake 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 84 
 
 8R 
 
 
 73 
 
 1 
 117 
 
 7 
 
 86 
 
 
 
 87 
 
 Warren* 
 
 
 
 
 88 
 
 Washington . . 
 
 Watauga 
 
 Wayne 
 
 882 
 1664 
 5273 
 4881 
 2125 
 
 11991 
 6711 
 39903 
 31103 
 22740 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 374 
 11 
 208 
 184 
 1913 
 
 15 
 219 
 
 42 
 
 161 
 
 99 
 
 
 89 
 
 2456 
 
 1051 
 
 2902 
 
 125 
 
 1158 
 
 
 20 
 
 9(1 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 91 
 
 Wilkes 
 
 Wilson 
 
 Yadkin* 
 
 
 
 i!l4 
 
 92 
 9?, 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 Yancey 
 
 AO GREG ATE. 
 
 4080 
 490721 
 
 8539 
 1435669 
 
 986 
 
 223 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 179 
 
 318 
 
 
 
 
 
 43133 
 
 3955 
 
 238 
 
 2572 
 
 39887 
 
 8597 
 
 9965 
 
 *No report. 
 
S20 
 
 f'ARM PRODIJdl'S. 
 
 FAEM PRODUCTS— ( Continued. ) 
 
 , , . . - . . 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 LAND AND CROPS— (Cbnimwed.) 
 
 05 
 
 u 
 
 s- 
 
 01 
 
 s 
 
 Is 
 
 0)0 
 
 03 
 
 O eS 
 
 0) 
 
 £•3 
 c 
 
 05 . 
 
 Number of Acres 
 in Turnips. 
 
 Number of Acres 
 in Orchards. 
 
 4f 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4'^ 
 
 Jones. .... . 
 
 
 51 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 95 
 
 744 
 
 4458 
 
 4 
 227 
 
 4r 
 
 1597 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 lb 
 
 2 
 
 32 
 99 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 44 
 
 273 
 
 51 
 
 ) Lenoir .... 
 
 Lincoln ... 
 
 tl 
 
 1067 
 1062 
 
 <s- 
 
 
 
 
 fir 
 
 Madison 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 8 
 
 2489 
 134( 
 1034 
 
 429 
 28 
 32 
 
 2981 
 
 10 
 
 102 
 
 5 
 2550 
 
 133 
 22 
 67 
 
 902 
 
 'i4 
 
 Martin. . . 
 
 
 374 
 
 W 
 
 McDowell 
 
 
 94 
 
 7fe 
 
 637 
 
 rif 
 
 Mecklenba'g* 
 Mitch<ill . ■ 
 
 
 
 f)7 
 
 
 
 2839 
 
 6322 
 
 7278 
 
 3290 
 
 79 
 
 3097 
 
 59 
 
 13185 
 
 362 
 
 1797 
 
 201 
 
 2800 
 
 11239 
 
 189 
 71 
 17 
 
 170 
 
 2878 
 142 
 148 
 100 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 20 
 
 9 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 
 206 
 83 
 
 162 
 63 
 
 277 
 14 
 4 
 31 
 8 
 20 
 28 
 
 165 
 24 
 68 
 39 
 19 
 54 
 35 
 
 144 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 171 
 71 
 
 901 
 
 58 
 
 M<nitgomery . 
 Moore. . 
 
 i 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 53 
 
 6,52 
 
 4 
 
 614 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 1861 
 
 15 
 
 883 
 1994 
 
 HI 
 
 Nash 
 
 New Hanover 
 Northampton 
 
 Onslow 
 
 Orange 
 
 Pamlico 
 
 2394 
 156 
 
 62 
 63 
 64 
 65 
 
 478 
 
 3 
 
 452 
 
 7 
 
 54 
 
 91 
 
 1 
 
 1034 
 
 9 
 
 18 
 
 1700 
 168 
 
 2230 
 2?.0 
 
 66 
 67 
 
 Pasquotanck . 
 
 Pender 
 
 Perquimans .. 
 Person 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 204 
 114 
 
 68 
 
 138 
 22 
 
 2i5 
 12 
 
 213 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 
 421 
 
 1861 
 
 70 
 
 Pitt* 
 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 Polk 
 
 
 
 217 
 
 14286 
 
 4046 
 
 2449 
 
 11955 
 
 16720 
 
 3748 
 
 232 
 
 5617 
 
 5621 
 
 24 
 
 552 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 noo 
 
 1365 
 38 
 
 2 
 
 3298 
 
 19 
 
 '""'i235 
 
 4146 
 
 6 
 
 i 
 
 16 
 5 
 2 
 
 43 
 4 
 
 43 
 6 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 44 
 676 
 
 64 
 103 
 331 
 129 
 619 
 
 56 
 289 
 181 
 
 21 
 95 
 35 
 61 
 
 270 
 57 
 
 106 
 26 
 22 
 37 
 
 330 
 
 7? 
 
 Randolph 
 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 17 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 
 4192 
 
 t:^ 
 
 Riclimond 
 
 
 1075 
 
 74 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 Robeson 
 
 Rockingliam . 
 Rowan 
 
 3 
 
 2113 
 2706 
 
 77 
 78 
 
 Rutherford... 
 
 Sampson 
 
 Stanly 
 
 Stokes 
 
 1 
 
 110 
 
 4 
 
 1218 
 12b! 
 
 79 
 8(( 
 
 71 
 
 494 
 
 987 
 1244 
 
 1213 
 2144 
 
 81 
 
 Surry* 
 
 
 
 )^?, 
 
 Swain . 
 
 
 
 257 
 
 106 
 
 1347 
 
 9574 
 
 7631 
 
 40 
 35 
 31 
 26 
 
 275 
 
 129 
 470 
 18 
 170 
 118 
 
 si 
 
 1 
 
 23 
 15 
 
 44 
 144 
 
 33 
 140 
 
 285 
 
 8 
 48 
 58 
 91 
 89 
 
 1-10 
 
 83 
 
 Transylvania. 
 
 
 
 r.02 
 
 84 
 
 Tyrrell 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 180 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 Union 
 
 Wake 
 
 2 
 49 
 
 1711 
 2^61 
 
 87 
 
 Warren* 
 
 
 88 
 
 Washinton 
 
 
 
 851 
 2180 
 
 986 
 4019 
 1210 
 
 2 
 280 
 
 9 
 135 
 26 
 
 13 
 15772 
 
 ""205 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 439 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 ""87 
 20(i 
 938 
 
 252 
 
 8t 
 
 
 
 
 866 
 
 96 
 
 Wayne.. 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 126* 
 
 91 
 
 Wilkes 
 
 1788 
 
 92 
 98 
 
 Wilson 
 
 Yadkin* 
 
 14 
 
 44 
 
 32 
 
 20 
 
 860 
 
 94 
 
 Yancey 
 
 A«fiREftATE, 
 
 2 
 
 
 2807 
 
 114 
 
 8732 
 
 8 
 
 193 
 
 278 
 
 792 
 
 
 433 
 
 4211 
 
 358,503 
 
 20408' 
 
 976641 
 
 1125 
 
 17286 
 
 6(fl9 
 
 100252 
 
 *iio report. 
 
FARM PEODUGTS. 
 
 221 
 
 FARM PRODUCTS— ( Continued. ) 
 
 LAND AND CROPS. 
 
 
 AGGREGATE AMOUNT PRODUCED. 
 
 
 4> 
 O >> 
 
 Number of Acres 
 in Cotton, 
 
 u 
 < . 
 
 a 
 1 
 
 ■51 
 
 s 
 
 CO 
 
 PQ 
 1 
 
 A 
 
 a 
 M 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 w 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 % 
 A 
 
 m 
 S 
 
 m 
 1 
 
 4; 
 S 
 
 ■a 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 1^ 
 
 l-z 
 
 OA 
 
 -y^ (IS 
 
 cW 
 I) 
 
 02 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 5 
 
 4823 
 
 11992 
 
 1387 
 
 
 1 
 
 134 
 
 8 
 
 938 
 24067 
 44386 
 
 151583 
 270110 
 176762 
 
 180 
 2241 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 8028 
 16073 
 
 .311.39 
 
 524H3 
 9532 
 
 rf9 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 ',0 
 
 17 
 
 
 35 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 21 
 5 
 
 681 
 
 2 
 
 115 
 
 27841 
 
 5501 
 
 29327 
 
 205431 
 227831 
 152117 
 
 3616 
 251 
 3764 
 
 942 
 
 20 
 
 295 
 
 675 
 
 216(< 
 75590 
 11770 
 
 53 
 
 101 
 
 9648 
 2 
 
 "4 
 
 
 f,-i 
 
 
 53 
 
 ''•(■) 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 38 
 
 ■ 53 
 
 59 
 
 145)1 
 43572 
 .32738 
 24208 
 
 113067 
 160627 
 183231 
 317533 
 
 20541 
 21(»;.7 
 2013dl 
 24.5955 
 109140 
 286267 
 
 65703 
 487700 
 249931 
 
 8399 
 125 
 
 2.549 
 791 
 
 1744 
 
 
 
 1804 
 16678 
 66347 
 
 119288 
 2066!) 
 7iao3 
 92368 
 37877 
 57::08 
 17344 
 40054 
 
 1.340 
 17309 
 
 57 
 
 5 
 
 3813 
 4523 
 
 20342 
 - 181 
 
 18403 
 3302 
 3144 
 2861 
 1416 
 465 
 7200 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 
 50 
 100 
 
 ""8480 
 
 58 
 
 53 
 68 
 48 
 
 21 
 
 ""id 
 
 59 
 60 
 61 
 
 23 
 
 i 
 
 "i5i7 
 
 50 
 
 95 
 
 3 
 
 1511 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 ""3765 
 
 32.537 
 177 
 
 74010 
 1319 
 8235 
 
 " i.390b 
 51932 
 
 223 
 522 
 113 
 .32 
 744 
 81 > 
 2600 
 111 
 
 
 
 62 
 
 10 
 3 
 
 21 
 
 
 7664 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 10» 
 
 
 
 15060 
 
 65 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 14068 
 
 67 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 68 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 
 69 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 10 
 33 
 41 
 97 
 26 
 
 273 
 
 427 
 
 15471 
 
 13533 
 
 32 
 
 6210 
 
 4429 
 
 7736 
 
 2055 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 38 
 
 2 
 8 
 
 26 
 
 109 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 6144 
 
 244 
 
 72 
 
 17 
 
 32 
 
 9810 
 
 8551 
 
 144819 
 
 7998 
 
 4317 
 
 70015 
 
 138604 
 
 36415 
 
 4169 
 
 46333 
 
 53159 
 
 114610 
 4 -Ol.f. 
 124228 
 286747 
 340232 
 525137 
 285750 
 343070 
 127284 
 216088 
 
 18^)0 
 3">6 
 1359 
 5H28 
 2291 
 
 4eo 
 
 961 
 
 576 
 
 535 
 
 3757 
 
 id 
 
 5 
 
 iai) 
 
 2 
 
 256 
 
 60 
 
 5 
 
 2860 
 
 60483 
 
 5705 
 44304 
 4641,0 
 
 136534 
 24350 
 19263 
 34705 
 
 144523 
 13t;01 
 1394)2 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 73 
 74 
 75 
 
 3 
 
 107 
 310 
 
 lao 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 40 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 6 
 
 670 
 
 38483 
 
 76 
 77 
 78 
 79 
 80 
 
 
 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 17 
 
 405 
 69 
 
 168 
 
 4041 
 
 4036 
 
 10378 
 
 4.5200 
 
 29854 
 
 54201 
 122279 
 
 72635 
 214257 
 343593 
 
 1202 
 18742 
 
 
 
 
 35 ;o 
 
 18(18 
 24622 
 24215 
 123760 
 
 «'J. 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 316 
 
 
 
 83 
 
 12 
 
 2459 
 
 9444 
 
 25072 
 
 
 
 14223 
 
 84 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 213 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 19 
 
 75 
 
 
 440 
 
 86 
 H7 
 
 10 
 
 5422 
 
 
 1 
 
 28 
 ic 
 76 
 
 7 
 
 4655 
 
 9316 
 
 37106 
 
 21247 
 
 15125 
 
 169826 
 106^37 
 4182.16 
 303502 
 174000 
 
 
 
 
 18787 
 
 24830 
 
 943 
 
 98742 
 
 3371 
 
 281373 
 
 y,Y, 
 
 
 13126 
 1697 
 1126 
 1173 
 
 6924 
 
 
 8-1 
 
 61 
 
 17120 
 
 26 
 
 18732 
 
 ""82 
 
 
 17935 
 
 4(1 
 
 
 
 
 'H 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 4? 
 
 
 
 
 . . 93 
 
 2 
 
 357333 
 
 8 
 
 54 
 
 13965 
 2666553 
 
 113778 
 171971.08 
 
 6732 
 
 196.505 
 
 2155 
 2032.5 
 
 9 
 2179 
 
 530636 
 
 al38 94 
 
 2483 
 
 1911 
 
 49.')45 
 
 3.334543 
 
 1 
 
^22 
 
 FAEM PKODUCTS. 
 
 FAEM PEODUCTS— ( Contimied. ) 
 
 
 AGGREGATE AMOUNT PRODUCED. 
 
 
 • 
 
 1 'A 
 
 03 
 
 '}• 
 
 
 cr 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 ^ 
 
 COUNTIKS. 
 
 11 
 
 n 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 <L' 
 
 C 
 O 
 
 EH 
 
 S 
 Eh 
 
 
 
 O ri 
 
 >-.oS 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "Sw 
 
 WC5 
 
 ^ 
 
 m 
 
 1 W 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 Ph 
 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 o3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 > 
 
 1^ 
 
 02 
 
 a. 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 w 
 
 
 0) 
 
 p^ 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 Cs 
 
 !^ 
 
 '18 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4n 
 
 
 1:^61 
 2S95 
 
 70 
 
 15287 
 3704 
 
 ""'is 
 
 245 
 365 
 
 1345 
 7733 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 no 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 1 
 
 51 
 52 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 3494 
 
 10369 
 
 1827 
 
 
 31 
 
 27436 
 
 14 
 
 216 
 
 7 
 
 Madirion 
 
 8943 
 
 19557 
 
 17554 
 
 
 10 
 
 14048 
 
 68 
 
 3^-3 
 
 4(.0l 
 
 n4 
 
 Martin 
 
 4r334 
 
 
 2230 
 
 
 76 
 
 8197 
 
 4 
 
 14 
 
 
 5,-1 
 
 ''I'i 
 
 McDowell 
 
 Mecklenbu'g* 
 
 Milchell 
 
 Montgomery.. 
 
 87(10 
 
 20305 
 
 5497 
 
 ■ 670 
 
 50 
 
 1915 
 
 218 
 
 52 
 
 27 
 
 
 19992 
 5102 
 
 17724 
 10739 
 
 673 
 5813 
 
 
 
 27261 
 37^01 
 
 13 
 10 
 
 1585 
 110 
 
 5 
 
 Uy. 
 
 
 36 
 
 6 
 
 5H 
 
 Moore 
 
 3731 
 
 3485 
 
 6521 
 
 50 
 
 248 
 
 38270 
 
 10 
 
 113 
 
 24 
 
 ^11 
 
 
 5752 
 3785 
 
 110 
 
 705 
 
 4606 
 570 
 
 342 
 19,4(1 
 
 1374 
 11066 
 
 30636 
 
 727 
 
 162 
 
 98 
 
 28 
 
 fil 
 
 New Hanover 
 Northampton, 
 
 
 (ia 
 
 8078 
 
 8625 
 
 3035 56 
 
 120 
 
 110547 
 
 290 
 
 48 
 
 414 
 
 H'^ 
 
 Onslow 
 
 1827 
 
 1 
 
 15470 380 
 
 16175 
 
 470 
 
 
 
 
 fi4 
 
 Orange 
 
 14187 
 
 997 
 
 2580 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 78966 
 
 229 
 
 826 
 
 15 
 
 fir. 
 
 Pamlico 
 
 1334 
 
 400 
 
 16887 
 
 
 87 
 
 3597 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
 Pasquotank... 
 
 3834 
 
 4368 
 
 1579 
 
 .5'' 
 
 150 
 
 15486 
 
 87 
 
 35 
 
 5 
 
 
 Pender 
 
 Perquimans .. 
 
 615 
 
 40 
 
 8010 
 
 60 
 
 52081 
 
 1210 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 68 
 
 16750 
 
 
 250(1 
 
 
 750 
 
 36400 
 
 .385 
 
 430 
 
 
 fit) 
 
 Person 
 
 8680 
 
 
 530 
 
 
 
 74278 
 
 65 
 
 19 
 
 3 
 
 Vll 
 
 Pitt* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 Polk 
 
 1065 
 26739 
 
 7049 
 29550 
 
 3945 
 21604 
 
 
 
 1185 
 90389 
 
 
 
 
 7',i 
 
 Randolph 
 
 
 98 
 
 16(1 
 
 2885 
 
 18 
 
 7;i 
 
 Richmond 
 
 48S6 
 
 568 
 
 2805 
 
 
 160 
 
 30142 
 
 3-' 
 
 1557 
 
 4681 
 
 74 
 
 Robeson 
 
 3850 
 
 50 
 
 18161 
 
 56 
 
 184 
 
 18786 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 
 75 
 
 Rockingham. . 
 
 11624 
 
 161 
 
 18294 
 
 
 10 
 
 91404 
 
 2914 
 
 911 
 
 (!73 
 
 7f; 
 
 Rowan 
 
 10066 
 
 52946 
 
 2434 
 
 1 
 
 104 
 
 130177 
 
 299 
 
 401 1 
 
 4 
 
 77 
 
 Rtttherford. . . 
 
 ■ 3876 
 
 30772 
 
 11841 
 
 36 
 
 311 
 
 14650 
 
 7 
 
 21 
 
 77 
 
 
 !-sam])son 
 
 Stanly 
 
 805 
 
 145 
 
 13427 
 
 1904 
 
 4.15 
 
 1787 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 7't 
 
 5108 
 16258 
 
 12047 
 234 
 
 4149 
 11246 
 
 3( 
 3 
 
 179 
 6 
 
 29872 
 3:1596 
 
 530 
 
 1751 
 711 
 
 5 
 
 80 
 
 Stokes 
 
 10 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 «V 
 
 
 3365 
 
 
 
 
 
 243^ 
 970 
 
 25 
 
 166 
 
 188 
 
 
 SH 
 
 Transylvania. 
 
 Tyrrell 
 
 Union 
 
 5563 
 
 8334 
 
 3381 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 84 
 
 nil 
 
 80 
 
 10265 
 
 
 
 4469 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 85 
 
 3989 
 5161 
 
 6082 
 256 
 
 2.S72 
 11705 
 
 15 
 
 892 
 
 7621 
 492 
 
 58901 
 6020( 
 
 11 
 
 188 
 
 208 
 lit. 
 
 809 
 
 8h 
 
 Wake 
 
 106 
 
 87 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 88 
 
 Washington . . 
 
 781 
 
 
 6017 
 
 
 i 
 
 5881 
 
 7 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Watauga 
 
 Wayne 
 
 2287b 
 
 1536 
 
 160] 
 
 
 
 20292 
 
 141 
 
 2717 
 
 3 
 
 9( 
 
 2782 
 
 
 9722 
 
 376 
 
 224 
 
 8618 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 92 
 
 Wilkes 
 
 Wilson 
 
 387( 
 
 1416t 
 
 18377 
 
 
 
 6131 
 
 
 
 
 1360t 
 
 
 1990 
 
 137 r 
 
 672r 
 
 12000 
 
 isr 
 
 
 64 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 Yancey 
 
 AfiGEERATE 
 
 792F 
 
 13H16 
 
 6819 
 
 
 
 2100! 
 
 43 
 
 941 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 558657 
 
 604057 
 
 584604 
 
 1()21C 
 
 173641 
 
 2346936 
 
 10197 
 
 52147 
 
 11955 
 
FARM PEODUOTS, 
 
 3»8 
 
 FARM PRODUCTS— ( Continued.) 
 
 AGGREGATE AMOUNT PRODUCED. 
 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 
 « 
 
 03 
 
 a 
 
 03 
 
 -d 
 
 
 0) 
 
 6 
 
 tn 
 
 & 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 fl 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 "1^ 
 
 O 
 
 ■V 
 
 •— : 
 
 rj 
 
 ^ 
 
 d 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 S 
 
 03 
 
 W 
 
 r^ 
 
 
 OS 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 
 X 
 
 |W 
 
 fq 
 
 cs 
 
 
 Ph 
 
 1^ 
 
 o1 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 e*-! 
 
 
 
 
 1 i2 
 
 
 
 •^ OS 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 :-i 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 JL-^ 
 
 
 o 
 
 X « 
 
 o 
 
 
 at 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 s 
 
 ofq 
 
 y, 
 
 o 
 
 si 
 
 3 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 S 
 ^ 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 95 
 
 ■3] 
 
 549 
 
 2248 
 
 
 200 
 
 842 
 
 8461 
 
 7994 
 
 2509 
 
 49 
 
 MRI 
 
 540 
 
 1456 
 
 6861 
 
 10 
 
 56460 
 
 1581 
 
 4950 
 
 I6004 
 
 1962 
 
 ,50 
 
 1015 
 
 60 
 
 130 
 
 485 
 
 4 
 
 3138 
 
 1852 
 
 2455 
 
 4917 
 
 3130 
 
 51 
 
 5218 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 142 
 
 257360 
 
 1917 
 
 5433 
 
 11272 
 
 7255 
 
 
 592 
 
 112 
 
 104 
 
 459 
 
 5089 
 
 
 120 
 35176 
 
 1361 
 1334 
 
 4016 
 286.) 
 
 12755 
 6<H1 
 
 1921 
 
 8024 
 
 51 
 
 \m 
 
 260 
 
 25 
 
 55 
 ■"16 
 
 5102 
 
 157 
 861 
 
 
 
 245 
 
 5942 
 13052 
 
 1372 
 1369 
 
 8890 
 4605 
 
 8972 
 9557 
 
 6534 
 6.321 
 
 ■i7 
 
 1222 
 
 116 
 
 1816 
 
 58 
 
 2998 
 
 1177 
 
 226-1 
 
 8218 
 
 21 
 
 18359 
 
 1828 
 
 7592 
 
 14215 
 
 8888 
 
 ri9 
 
 7927 
 
 25114 
 
 726 
 
 10905 
 
 
 27868 
 
 2185 
 
 6749 
 
 21631 
 
 451-18 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 100 
 164 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 241 
 1972 
 
 1547 
 4827 
 
 2078 
 15470 
 
 374 
 1675 
 
 01 
 
 3S]:-i 
 
 480 
 
 10986 
 
 298 
 
 42575 
 
 6-2 
 
 580 
 
 574 
 
 291 
 
 1618 
 
 
 282 
 
 758 
 
 6293 
 
 9947 
 
 1789 
 
 (K 
 
 7567 
 
 503 
 
 1 
 
 1241 
 
 500 
 
 581620 
 
 2476 
 
 6457 
 
 16(30 
 
 6297 
 
 m4 
 
 5(58 
 
 80 
 
 1055 
 
 803 
 
 
 470 
 
 498 
 
 3820 
 
 7954 
 
 1601 
 
 ()5 
 
 1071 
 
 106 
 
 f) 
 
 489 
 
 814552 
 
 
 1226 
 
 2842 
 
 7518 
 
 928 
 
 1)6 
 
 2] 3 
 
 56 
 
 420 
 
 196 
 
 
 i95 
 
 968 
 
 0858 
 
 14964 
 
 4462 
 
 6' 
 
 1460(1 
 
 1250 
 
 - 47r; 
 
 8000 
 
 2845 
 
 1500 
 
 
 1600 
 1.370 
 
 68.50 
 6130 
 
 If 300 
 12789 
 
 22.50 
 6010 
 
 «S 
 
 3768 
 
 1483931 
 
 Ii9 
 
 
 
 
 
 TO 
 
 880 
 
 7! 
 
 17 
 
 88 
 
 iob 
 
 8401 
 
 522 
 
 1929 
 
 3529 
 
 2003 
 
 71 
 
 16958 
 
 777 
 
 411 
 
 70 
 
 128 
 
 34229 
 
 4121 
 
 11885 
 
 24505 
 
 18817 72 
 
 1541 
 
 562 
 
 4949 
 
 5647 
 
 
 4853 
 
 1629 
 
 5069 
 
 10030 
 
 126;-. 73 
 
 4fi"i6 
 
 1188 
 
 5176 
 
 6129 
 
 381 
 
 5047 
 
 2324 
 
 8902 
 
 27441 
 
 8700 
 
 74 
 
 16661 
 
 707 
 
 380 
 
 19 
 
 25 
 
 3160S66 
 
 2246 
 
 5805 
 
 11.528 
 
 4430 
 
 75 
 
 1887 
 
 tfi-. 
 
 82 
 
 255.. 
 
 15 
 
 120696 
 
 8704 
 
 7102 
 
 14409 
 
 6221 
 
 76 
 
 5408 
 
 ]K'i 
 
 91 
 
 984 
 
 5 
 
 29(12? 
 
 1869 
 
 4190 
 
 77.85 
 
 .5483 
 
 77 
 
 2045 
 
 629 
 
 1282 
 
 319^ 
 
 9 
 
 "661 
 
 2844 
 
 9648 
 
 28847 
 
 80K7 
 
 fS 
 
 2il7" 
 
 415 
 117 
 
 40 
 
 1278 
 200 
 
 
 13702 
 ir68855 
 
 1740 
 1924 
 
 4241 
 8102 
 
 18103 
 8610 
 
 6569 
 4120 
 
 ■; 
 
 58o;s 
 
 10 
 
 8(1 
 si 
 
 1215 
 
 58 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 13985 
 6195 
 
 264 
 622 
 
 1222 
 2346 
 
 1684 
 
 2988 
 
 1265 
 3990 
 
 s-> 
 
 16538 
 
 81 
 
 
 20 
 
 83 
 
 30 
 
 93 
 
 913 
 
 798 
 
 21 
 
 245 
 
 597 
 
 3758 
 
 5727 
 
 1625 
 
 .--4 
 
 1495 
 
 781 
 
 628 
 
 2882 
 
 
 6518 
 
 2278 
 
 5840 
 
 11475 
 
 9424 
 
 85 
 
 e627 
 
 14i3 
 
 100 
 
 13441 
 
 3 
 
 84527 
 
 2464 
 
 755i 
 
 17448 
 
 4518 
 
 S6 
 S7 
 ,S8 
 
 98 
 
 190 
 
 1109 
 
 2868 
 
 40 
 
 206 
 
 806 
 
 3051 
 
 6290 
 
 906 
 
 14027 
 
 18 
 767 
 
 20 
 998 
 
 
 
 ]6:;33 
 ^13] 
 
 1625 
 2388 
 
 6025 
 6372 
 
 9670 
 23655 
 
 10118|,S9 
 
 8527 
 
 8786 
 
 40 
 
 215K 911 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 91 65 
 
 2621 
 2252 
 
 7128 
 4641 
 
 18319 
 20607 
 
 9049 
 2401 
 
 'tl 
 
 10905 
 
 865 
 
 
 9617 
 
 
 9-'. 
 
 
 
 
 03 
 
 3385 
 
 17 
 
 31 
 
 
 70 
 
 10057 
 
 1064 
 
 3184 
 
 6716 
 
 5291 
 
 91 
 
 332734 
 
 29560 
 
 82461 
 
 169873 
 
 321580 
 
 16655979 
 
 137675 
 
 410955 
 
 928538 
 
 382694 
 
 
224 
 
 FARM PlIODUOTS. 
 
 FARM FUODVGTS— {Continued.) 
 
 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 SHEEP DE- 
 STROYED. 
 
 FRUITS. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 bn 
 R 
 
 o 
 
 i 
 g 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 ^^ 
 
 <v 
 
 g 
 S 
 £5 
 
 -1- c^ 
 
 OS 
 
 13 
 
 
 o 
 
 Oj CO 
 
 < 
 
 S 
 a, 
 C3 
 
 A 
 
 flj o 
 
 < 
 
 'S 
 
 C 
 
 (R 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 49 
 50 
 
 Jones 
 
 Lonoii- 
 
 1030 
 2152 
 1353 
 
 71 
 
 754 
 
 94 
 
 133 
 149 
 136 
 
 1426 
 3854 
 2^6 
 
 44 
 
 32 
 
 223 
 
 160 
 
 207 
 209 
 
 3624 
 12128 
 43413 
 
 824 
 3493 
 
 51 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 51287 
 
 r,o 
 
 
 
 54 
 55 
 56 
 57 
 58 
 5'l 
 
 Madison 
 
 Martin 
 
 McDowell 
 
 Mecklenburg *. 
 
 Mitchell 
 
 Montgomery . . . 
 Moore 
 
 1108 
 1586 
 982 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 39 
 
 147 
 233 
 243 
 
 2232 
 3670 
 2363 
 
 684 
 
 7 
 
 314 
 
 401 
 
 223 
 20.t 
 
 89027 
 
 6086 
 
 34312 
 
 84322 
 
 2057 
 
 42906 
 
 894 
 1055 
 1537 
 258 
 
 422 
 1935 
 
 824 
 1964 
 
 857 
 1619 
 
 818 
 1000 
 180(' 
 
 30 
 
 122 
 473 
 
 27 
 
 3(. 
 
 3;; 
 138 
 16(. 
 
 5i 
 191' 
 111 
 16 
 
 115 
 211 
 226 
 271 
 
 48 
 172 
 136 
 180 
 237 
 189 
 
 90 
 3iO 
 124 
 
 1380 
 771 
 2001 
 5576 
 1080 
 3701 
 1319 
 3)78 
 2029 
 4233 
 1977 
 4150 
 3084 
 
 464 
 208 
 249 
 142 
 81 
 99 
 133 
 118 
 46 
 79 
 117 
 100 
 292 
 
 664 
 778 
 595 
 373 
 227 
 162 
 84 
 445 
 121 
 122 
 177 
 151 
 945 
 
 76.509 
 
 25061 
 
 50127 
 
 32469 
 
 1334 
 
 34937 
 
 8025 
 
 78983 
 
 6751 
 
 9729 
 
 2892 
 
 26600 
 
 64577 
 
 92962 
 28969 
 55790 
 
 60 
 61 
 
 62 
 
 JN'ash 
 
 New Hanover.. 
 Northampton . . 
 Onslow 
 
 13033 
 
 ""6702 
 627 
 
 fil 
 
 
 59215 
 
 65 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 Pamlico 
 
 Pasquotank 
 
 Pender 
 
 .500 
 
 1599 
 
 841 
 
 68 
 
 64 
 
 Perquimans 
 
 Person 
 
 4400 
 32785 
 
 70 
 
 Pitt* 
 
 
 71 
 
 Polk 
 
 51'.' 
 233( 
 168(1 
 2428 
 2415 
 2311 
 1578 
 2326 
 1232 
 1604 
 
 31 
 
 107 
 
 178 
 
 333 
 
 V6 
 
 94 
 
 87 
 
 131-1 
 
 57 
 
 41 
 
 89 
 453 
 155 
 252 
 172 
 348 
 239 
 163 
 258 
 220 
 
 588 
 1988 
 1192 
 3765 
 1302 
 1943 
 
 633 
 6779 
 
 874 
 
 706 
 
 129 
 1079 
 107 
 328 
 186 
 298 
 423 
 401 
 451 
 80 
 
 227 
 1212 
 121 
 423 
 506 
 224 
 504 
 449 
 505 
 359 
 
 7957 
 
 150008 
 
 19474 
 
 53123 
 
 214414 
 
 85307 
 
 5.5677 
 
 29127 
 
 53081 
 
 101124 
 
 8841 
 
 72 
 78 
 74 
 75 
 76 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Kol)esf)n 
 
 Rockingham ... 
 Rowan 
 
 152093 
 10755 
 17933 
 76143 
 9.3017 
 
 77 
 78 
 79 
 
 Rutherford 
 
 Samiison 
 
 Stanly 
 
 71567 
 
 8117 
 
 75959 
 
 80 
 
 Stokes 
 
 77470 
 
 01 
 
 
 
 «•' 
 
 Swain 
 
 243 
 467 
 76 1 
 164'.: 
 2648 
 
 i'l 
 
 13 
 263 
 803 
 
 2 
 34 
 287 
 293 
 172 
 
 251 
 701 
 
 2690 
 884 
 
 4112 
 
 19 
 
 81 
 2=10 
 316 
 196 
 
 40 
 
 436 
 
 104 
 
 872 
 
 1018 
 
 15295 
 24234 
 1883 
 .•illiOl 
 64127 
 
 12424 
 
 e.3 
 
 84 
 
 Ti-ansylvania. .. 
 '['yrrell 
 
 16092 
 
 85 
 
 46463 
 
 P6 
 
 Wake 
 
 20467 
 
 87 
 88 
 89 
 
 4n 
 
 
 
 Washington — 
 Watauga 
 
 1106 
 
 939 
 2526 
 1376 
 1301 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 1238 
 
 613 
 
 184 
 158 
 18;i 
 211 
 36 
 
 3155 
 433 
 
 8610 
 l:(3 
 
 22 
 339 
 
 70 
 19? 
 
 35 
 
 148 
 424 
 
 2H9 
 
 :a5 
 
 258 
 
 6378 
 61861 
 25650 
 3193.-. 
 
 2335 
 
 214 
 
 62060 
 9100 
 
 91 
 
 Wilkes 
 
 18825 
 
 ^-) 
 
 Wilson 
 
 795 
 
 9S 
 91 
 
 Yadkin * 
 
 
 
 186 
 
 ii"in' 
 
 6 
 
 11842 
 
 55 
 15237 
 
 249 
 1713 ;6 
 
 199 
 20385 
 
 154 
 
 28482 
 
 47084 
 4101206 
 
 80126 
 
 
 Aooi^F.riATE. 
 
 3191019 
 
 *No report. 
 
FAEM PRODUCTS. 
 
 J25 
 
 FARM PRODJJ GTS— {Co7dinued.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 COM'L 
 
 
 
 
 FRUITS 
 
 
 DAIRY PRO- 
 
 FARM 
 
 FER- 
 
 SU- 
 
 FISH. 
 
 WOOL. 
 
 
 
 
 DUCTS. 
 
 FENCES 
 
 TILI'S. 
 
 MAC 
 
 
 
 , '^ 
 
 J"^ oj 
 
 m 
 
 M 
 
 72 
 
 
 'S'd 
 
 • 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ■o 
 
 t^ 
 
 'C 
 
 -d 
 
 •V 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 -c 
 
 mC 
 
 Sfl 
 
 1 C 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 
 StS 
 
 
 
 bo 
 
 a 
 
 © d 
 
 £i 3 
 
 S 
 
 3 
 
 s 
 
 cc 
 
 i-i 
 
 ^ fl 
 
 3 
 
 A o 
 
 M° 
 
 gc 
 
 
 
 
 
 'fD 
 
 a CO 
 
 
 CO ce 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ph 
 
 Cm 
 .1 
 
 fM 
 1 
 
 Ah 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 SO 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 ■^ 
 
 « 
 
 <D 
 
 
 •M 
 
 P 
 
 <v 
 
 P 
 
 a) 
 
 a> 
 
 <p 
 
 
 OJ 
 
 
 S"f^ 
 
 a 
 
 fl 
 
 a 
 
 ?-i 
 
 ft 
 
 H 
 
 fl 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 S 
 
 
 pi 
 
 fi 
 
 fl 
 
 P 
 
 fP 
 
 
 
 ""536840 
 
 ^ 
 
 > 
 'j" '33 
 
 ^ 
 
 496 
 
 
 ""8353 
 
 
 ""•54.38 
 
 48 
 ^9 
 
 31.39 
 
 150 
 
 59 
 
 13721 
 
 32 
 
 1173758 
 
 352 
 
 
 1316 
 
 2041 
 
 50 
 
 29835 
 
 1547 
 
 70 
 
 39552 
 
 
 1193717 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 3767 
 
 51 
 52 
 53 
 
 60695 
 
 305 
 
 
 55761 
 
 io 
 
 858261 
 
 12 
 
 
 129 
 
 ""9387 
 
 732 
 
 35 
 
 
 8085 
 
 45 
 
 1130700 
 
 346 
 
 
 7504 
 
 1100 
 
 54 
 
 10700 
 
 6175 
 
 60 
 
 34949 
 
 27 
 
 684950 
 
 
 
 52 
 
 3253 
 
 55 
 56 
 
 23229 
 
 16635 
 
 3958 
 
 43295 
 
 742 
 
 1786990 
 
 
 
 242 
 
 22782 
 
 57 
 
 26665 
 
 1581 
 
 37'^ 
 
 4S955 
 
 
 1174976 
 
 30 
 
 
 162 
 
 9006 
 
 58 
 
 41976 
 
 242t) 
 
 150 
 
 54270 
 
 40 
 
 1601788 
 
 213 
 
 
 252 
 
 10897 
 
 59 
 
 0186 
 
 53 
 
 77 
 
 18670 
 - 780 
 
 
 2496370 
 145706 
 
 1291 
 
 10 
 
 67 
 53 
 
 5305 
 395 
 
 80 
 61 
 
 7718 
 
 276 
 
 12 
 
 13927 
 
 
 16;)8665 
 
 1223 
 
 
 226 
 
 . 3176 
 
 62 
 
 152 
 
 
 
 3025 
 
 1545 
 
 1185910 
 
 3 
 
 
 4472 
 
 34?5 
 
 63 
 
 59140 
 
 223(1 
 
 48 
 
 • 80653 
 
 30 
 
 185645^1 
 
 1145 
 
 
 510 
 
 5494 
 
 64 
 
 160 
 
 15 
 
 
 7754 
 
 
 382285 
 
 16 
 
 
 3814 
 
 1939 
 
 65 
 
 668 
 
 
 26 
 
 13920 
 
 
 600.371 
 
 95 
 
 
 8155 
 
 2705 
 
 66 
 
 199 
 
 
 
 4779 
 
 
 343172 
 
 6 
 
 
 393 
 
 3093 
 
 67 
 
 aaoo 
 
 150 
 
 150 
 
 lh600 
 
 900 
 
 856375 
 
 130 
 
 
 3C000 
 
 2600 
 
 68 
 
 31040 
 
 1880 
 
 359 
 
 55345 
 
 
 1577526 
 
 102 
 
 
 
 12187 
 
 69 
 70 
 71 
 
 9007 
 
 118 
 
 
 "'i.3830 
 
 
 195432 
 
 6 
 
 
 12 
 
 ""mi? 
 
 235890 
 
 24103 
 
 479 
 
 101896 
 
 1010 
 
 2923299 
 
 70 
 
 
 62 
 
 24604 
 
 73 
 
 10249 
 
 90 
 
 381 
 
 31087 
 
 50 
 
 1258391 
 
 8.7 
 
 
 280 
 
 1376 
 
 73 
 
 10290 
 
 l.'iO 
 
 64 
 
 27113 
 
 101 
 
 2083373 
 
 962 
 
 18 
 
 4049 
 
 10951 
 
 74 
 
 61865 
 
 1368: 
 
 430 
 
 95731 
 
 120 
 
 1964776 
 
 1237 
 
 
 353 
 
 5382 
 
 75 
 
 88303 
 
 2171 
 
 315 
 
 74743 
 
 
 1958062 
 
 141 
 
 125 
 
 
 575i; 
 
 76 
 
 50055 
 
 3110 
 
 13(;3 
 
 73894 
 
 16 
 
 1897356 
 
 147 
 
 
 66 
 
 6748 
 
 77 
 
 6426 
 
 170 
 
 26 
 
 23050 
 
 
 2159(.6.» 
 
 275 
 
 3 
 
 545 
 
 9C67 
 
 78 
 
 46999 
 
 •2^59 
 
 1977 
 
 42464 
 
 75 
 
 1732011 
 
 24 
 
 
 465 
 
 4170 
 
 79 
 
 22077 
 
 14070 
 
 545 
 
 66423 
 
 
 1249830 
 
 705 
 
 
 870 
 
 3481 
 
 ""2i27 
 7959 
 
 80 
 81 
 
 2560 
 
 
 
 18474 
 25502 
 
 ii 
 
 138950 
 316299 
 
 2 
 
 
 30 
 
 8'^ 
 
 987 
 
 
 
 83 
 
 
 
 
 3255 
 
 
 394892 
 1828841 
 
 48 
 209 
 
 15 
 
 8401 
 531 
 
 3415 
 
 12504 
 
 81 
 
 36849 
 
 543 
 
 633 
 
 61116 
 
 
 85 
 
 14005 
 
 74 
 
 87 
 
 72073 
 
 20 
 
 2830993 
 
 1638 
 
 40 
 
 1096 
 
 3287 
 
 86 
 87 
 
 88 
 
 34 
 
 
 5 
 
 " " 6666 
 
 
 ""484082 
 
 i57 
 
 
 418 
 
 i48 
 
 19654 
 
 2053 
 
 28 
 
 1074C6 
 
 14600 
 
 1.531415 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 41751 
 
 89 
 
 4763 
 
 90 
 45426 
 
 59 
 
 23745 
 85233 
 
 
 1938908 
 1908232 
 
 798 
 
 
 
 5792 
 11797 
 
 90 
 91 
 
 360 
 
 
 
 2230 
 "' 56117 
 
 31783 
 
 . 1512510 
 ""604544 
 
 101929969 
 
 295 
 22876 
 
 228 
 
 
 ""8990 
 
 9?. 
 
 23924 
 
 ■"22025 
 
 '"216 
 
 93 
 94 
 
 233S177 
 
 405620 
 
 32214 
 
 3490859 
 
 'i 28f688 
 
 573503 
 
 
As stated in the Preface, it is not claimed that the following 
 statistics are accurate, collated as they are from reports made 
 by those who had to procure the information from sources not 
 always to be regarded as reliable. 
 
 It is published, however, as are all parts of this work, with 
 the hope that the patriotic citizens in each county will gen- 
 erously aid the Commissioner by sending to him corrections, so 
 that the next edition may be more accurate. 
 
COTTON ^NT> T\^OOLE:]Nr MLLS IN NORTH CiVROLINjSL. 
 
 t.TORV OH MILL. I'WST OFFICE. 
 
 Aluniiinco Col ton Fnutory. , 
 
 •APACITY PER DAY. 
 
 3TYLK OF GOODS. 
 
 ;2l NEAREST NAVlGAilLK WATKIt oi; It. K. ' 5^ | iail"'»«, awl Ufiu't..ll; 
 
 lAlnmance ginghaius.. 
 
 iig, ticking, warpa, kDitl 
 , yaroa, warps, uliiti 
 
 00)6 miUs to North Carolina railroad. . 
 
 Dm I-'uIiI Woatber : 
 
 How l.Miit:, 
 
 A Co. Dam iici-o»k tlio iltor \ 
 AiirlnK Co. Ciipaully uf nuur 
 
 ..1 lluWtfP. 
 
 ioliiiiona, 
 ..okii.K'Imii 
 
 NAMK OF MII.I.. 
 
 CAPACITY PER DAi 
 
 Lincoln, 
 OU»vpl«iul. 
 
 I, yarusDud elicot 
 
 7.^ North OhroH( 
 
 :F>^X^EE/ jNilLXiS. 
 
 STYLE OF GOODS. 
 
 M 
 
 Bnok paprir, nrvea and irrappine [wper. .. 
 
 Writing pap*r. colon-*! m«-<liuni« Frencb 
 
 blotiing paper, Itrulol boards. bocK. 
 
 NBABBOT NAVIQARLR ' 
 
 Raleigh ft Oojiton Rallroail., 
 CWollna Cenlral Iluilwa/. 
 
 l--^ 
 
 . V. Jniii>*. Walnr p»wor lullluloiit ftt tUD luoui. 
 
 '. J. Llnobura«r& Uoim. 
 
 .ixml iM iiuioli iiioro nmvhlni>rr will <Aoi b« In uucrnil'in. 
 
 (..nicloy * OotPi. Wiilirr powsi milfloliat for lOo.tilH) uplndb-.. 
 
 I K. Tato. MuHtoxcullun*. watur potfor. 
 
 \ >|h..u & UwTv. Uavo Bufflulont walur jwwttr lu run autl.uuu H|<i 
 
 i>i> T. llolluiny 
 Tnrnor A Son. Uavu lu uonnootluD ■•» lutll, urM uilU J:a. 
 
 . iiriii, Ag«nt. 
 
 II. itiiiid Ionian. I'roildent. I'« 
 
 Ir L. Hiiwlo, I'rMldont. 
 
 r Kvuhtnn, HupL'rintvndfiil. 
 
 • 4K.0IJU pur Miwutti. 
 
 ,l«ll..v A Mnrum 
 
 i: i,'\\''vv,.uM'iA!'l'huiii.l;ii 
 
 I. I . A W. A. Ml.'...-. l-^i<rll.i.[ «ul>-r t>n.v«r* lu lln« uuum 
 
 t inlll aiUclK'd. 
 
 ■ , (iT.-iiftlnoirn'le from llinniuunUin foun'lm. 
 
 '7 iDom Cold Woathor Hop Op. 
 I I ^naioni. and Onntrolly. 
 * ^ I How Ixrnn. 
 
 tVilIi of Nonio Hanuroatarlngr Oampany, Raislgli, 
 ' ^Vnl, A It. TIddj, Charlotl*, N. C 
 
GENEEAL STATISTICS. 
 
 227 
 
 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cc 
 
 
 
 ■■0 ^ 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 
 Is 
 
 .'S 
 
 0) 
 
 -t2 
 
 
 d 
 
 . 
 
 
 i 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 di 
 
 
 re 
 
 CO 
 
 
 5 a 
 
 1 
 
 TO 
 
 £ 
 c 
 
 ft 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 a; 
 
 'ft 
 
 i? 
 
 
 ft 
 
 05 
 
 S 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 t5 
 
 
 a. 
 '0 
 
 Q 
 
 i—i 
 
 
 
 5t^ 
 
 1 
 
 A.lamance 
 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 .s 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .3 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 Alex;uider 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ] 
 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 xlleghany 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 Anson 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Ashe 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 B an fori:. 
 
 
 6 
 
 i 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 Ber IP 
 
 Bladen 
 
 
 V 
 
 '"'e 
 
 5 
 16 
 
 16 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 Brunswick 
 
 
 i' 
 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Buncombe 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 23 
 
 ■ 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■-> 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 Burke 
 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 aharrus 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 3 
 20 
 
 8 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 Camden 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 Carteret 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 ■■■4 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 11 
 21 
 
 9 
 13 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ] 
 
 '3 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 '?, 
 
 1 
 
 Q 
 
 16 
 
 Casvell 
 
 Catawba 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 ]8 
 
 Chaibam 
 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 22 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^, 
 
 
 3 
 
 19 
 
 Cherokee 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 20 
 
 L'howan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 21 
 
 Clay 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 
 .... 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 7 
 10 
 
 4 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 9, 
 
 
 6 
 
 28 
 
 Colunibus 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 ■■■4 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 p 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 28 
 3 
 
 16 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 24 
 
 Craven 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 Cumberland. . . . 
 Currituck 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 Dare 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 Davidson 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 21 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 2y 
 
 Davie 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 ') 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 80 
 
 Duplin 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 81 
 
 Edaecombe 
 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 0, 
 
 
 1 
 
 82 
 
 Forsythe 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 ?, 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 88 
 
 Franklin 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 5 
 
 84 
 
 Gasr,on 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 85 
 
 Gates 
 
 Graham 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 10 
 3 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 86 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 87 
 
 Granville 
 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 21 
 
 41 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 8h 
 
 Greene 
 
 
 I 
 1 
 4 
 
 "i 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 ■""7 
 1 
 6 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 37 
 39 
 17 
 21 
 15 
 6 
 
 19 
 9 
 89 
 19 
 18 
 21 
 ^0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 "4 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 rt 
 
 30 
 
 Guilford 
 
 Halilax 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 41 
 
 Harnett 
 
 Haywood 
 
 Henderson 
 
 Hertford 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 43 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 
 Hyde 
 
 Iredell 
 
 Jackson 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 8 
 "7 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4^ 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
228 
 
 GENEEAL STATISTICS. 
 
 
 
 MILLS. 
 
 m 
 
 ?H 
 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 H 
 
 6 
 8 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 to 
 
 In 
 
 Q . 
 
 a; 
 
 Oh 
 
 2 
 H 
 
 
 
 a. 
 -1.2 
 
 > 
 "u 
 
 CO 
 
 OJ 
 
 
 
 
 S3 
 f^ 
 
 
 
 cS 
 -Q 
 
 
 4 
 
 bo 
 g 
 
 '•3 
 
 u 
 c3 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GR AIiS^ . 1 
 
 SAW. 
 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 s 
 
 CD 
 -u 
 
 6 
 1 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 ""5 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 ] 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 '"'2 
 6 
 
 <D 
 
 d 
 
 40 
 30 
 
 20 
 20 
 40 
 11 
 7 
 23 
 10 
 46 
 75 
 34 
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 Alamanca . . 
 Alexander. . 
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 11 
 
 
 
 
 
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 33 
 
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 7 
 
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 19 
 
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 22 
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 34 
 35 
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 39 
 40 
 31 
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 43 
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 47 
 
 Beaufort .... 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 Bladen.. ..... 
 
 Brunswick... 
 Buncombe... 
 
 Burke 
 
 Oabarrus.. . . 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 Camden 
 
 tJarLeret 
 
 Caswell 
 
 Ca'awba 
 
 UhaohaiSi.. . . 
 
 nolumbns . . 
 
 Cu IT) luck ... 
 
 O.-ST} 
 
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 Duplin 
 
 i 'dgeconibe 
 Forsytlie . . . 
 Franklin . . . 
 
 Gaston 
 
 Cares... 
 
 (ii-raliam 
 
 Granville. .. 
 
 Greene 
 
 Guilford 
 
 Halifax 
 
 Harnett 
 
 Haywood. . . 
 Henderson . 
 Hertford .. . . 
 Hyde 
 
 
 5 
 
 ""1 
 
 "i 
 
 10 
 "12 
 
 9 
 13 
 
 6 
 33 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 '65 
 23 
 50 
 77 
 20 
 
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 6 
 
 
 8 
 IR 
 
 Iredell 
 
 Jackson 
 
 29 
 
 17 
 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 
 
 ••• . 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 3 
 
GENERAL STATISTICS. 
 
 329 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Johastoa. 
 
 Joaes 
 
 Leeoir. 
 
 Lmcola 
 
 Vlacoa 
 
 Afedisoa 
 
 Martin. 
 
 VIoDowell. .,.„.. 
 iMecklenburg. 
 
 .Vlitchell 
 
 Moatgomery. . 
 
 Moore ,..,.. 
 
 Nash 
 
 New Haaover. 
 Northampton. 
 
 nslo w 
 
 0..a.'j^e. ......... 
 
 Pamlico 
 
 Pasquolaas.. . 
 
 Pea dor ,.. 
 
 Perqainia-"s ... 
 
 PersOii 
 
 Pitt 
 
 Polk 
 
 Kaadolph 
 
 Riohmoad 
 
 Rob3soa 
 
 Sockiagham. . 
 
 Rowaa 
 
 Ru'-.hsrfoi'd. ... 
 
 Sampjoa 
 
 •^taily , 
 
 Stokes 
 
 3urry 
 
 Swain , . . 
 
 Fransylpania . 
 
 Tyrrell 
 
 Uoioa 
 
 Wake 
 
 Warren 
 
 Washing bo a. . 
 
 Watauga 
 
 Wayae . . . 
 
 Wiikes 
 
 Wilson 
 
 Yadkin 
 
 Yancey 
 
 Agregate. 
 
 CHURCHES, 
 
 !^ 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 1 b 
 30 
 11 
 30 
 
 5 
 IS 
 20 
 
 7 
 20 
 14 
 10 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 8 
 21 
 
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 13 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 61 
 14 
 15 
 17 
 17 
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 12 
 27 
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 5 
 38 
 26 
 15 
 
 12 104 239 1321 1380 79 35 21 37 
 
 4 109 31 48 30 
 
 W 
 
 boa 
 
 3^ 
 
230 
 
 GENEEAL STATISTICS. 
 
 COUNTIES 
 
 JrliKston . . . 
 
 JoL es 
 
 Leroir 
 
 Li r coin 
 
 M a con 
 
 Madison . . . 
 MartiD ..... 
 McDowell. . 
 M. cklenbu'g 
 
 Mitchell 
 
 Moiitgoni'ry 
 
 Moore 
 
 Nash 
 
 N. Hanovtr. 
 Northamp'o 
 
 Oufiow 
 
 Ora' '^e 
 
 Pamlico . . . . 
 Pasquotank. 
 PrncU r . . . . 
 Perquimars 
 
 Ptrison 
 
 Pitt 
 
 Polk 
 
 Randolph.. . 
 R'chmo'.id . . 
 Robf'son. . . 
 Rocki) gh'm 
 
 Rowan 
 
 Rutherford . 
 Sampson . . . 
 
 Stanly 
 
 Stokfs 
 
 Surry 
 
 Swain 
 
 rransvlv'ina 
 
 Tyr.ell 
 
 Union 
 
 Waka 
 
 87 Warreo 
 
 Washi'^gton 
 Watauga . . . 
 
 WayiH. 
 
 Wilkps 
 
 Wil- on 
 
 Yadkiu 
 
 Yaccey 
 
 Agregatp. 
 
 MIL.LS. 
 
 GBAITSf. 
 
 14 
 
 24 f '}.^T 
 
 
 SAW, 
 
 R?^ IP81 
 
 f^ 
 
 16 
 
 V> 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 U 
 
 42' R:^o opr; SIR '0.=; 21" ^271259 
 
 P^ 
 
 D- 
 
 17 
 
 23 
 
 25 
 
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 (J 
 
AGRICULTURAL RCtANOIZATIONS. 
 
 231 
 
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332 NOTES FROM OOERESPOJSTDENTS 
 
 NOTES FEOM COEKESPONDENTS SHOWING THE PRO- 
 DUCTIVE CAPACITY OF THE SOILS, OF A^-ARIOUS 
 
 COUNTIES, AND ON IMPROVED BREEDS OF STOCK. 
 
 ALAMAlS^CB. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Tarpley, of Company Shops, produced thirty bush- 
 els of wheat from one bushel sown on one acre of unimiroved 
 land. No fertilizer used. 
 
 Daniel Huffman, in the fall of 1877, sowed six pounds of 
 Clawson's white wheat, and reaped six bushels of clean wheat — 
 a yield of sixty for one. 
 
 John Graham, late of New York State, in the fall of 1877, 
 ©ultivated about 30 acres of upland and gathered 750 bushels of 
 corn, notwithstanding a severe drouth during the months of 
 June and July, which reduced the crop considerably. 
 
 L. B. Holt produced 100 bushels of oats to the acre in the 
 year 1878. Fifty bushels produced on one acre is a common oc- 
 currence. 
 
 Of cattle, the pure blood Devon is raised to a small extent. A 
 few Alderneys have been introduced. 
 
 Of sheep, a few Merino, Southdowns and Cotswold have been' 
 ntrodueed. The first two do well. 
 
 Hogs have been greatly improved by the introduction of the 
 Berkshire, Chester and Essex breeds. 
 
 ALEXAJSTDER. 
 
 During the last four or five years the yield of corn and wheat 
 has been increased 8 or 10 per cent, by improved system of cul- 
 tivation, regardless of fertilizers. 
 
 From 60 to 80 bushels to the acre was produced by E. C. Ox- 
 ford, on lands which formerly produced but ten nushels. 
 
 Of apples, 1,300 bushels have been produced per acre. 
 
 Cattle generally fine, of mixed Durham and naffh'e srock. 
 
NOTES FROM CORRBSPOI^DENTS. 233 
 
 ALLEGHAiry. 
 
 Lands excellent for grasses and cereals. On good unimproved 
 lands from 50 to 60 bnshels of corn have been produced per acre, 
 while on improved lots as much as 100 have been realized. 
 Eye and wheat yield a good average without extra labor- 
 Irish potatoes yield finely, from two to three hundred bushels 
 per acre being easily produced. 
 
 One hundred and twenty-five gallons of Sorghum per acre 
 have been produced. 
 
 On lands well adapted to grasses, from two to three tons of 
 Timothy per acre are produced, with good treatment. 
 
 Cotswoid and Southdown Sheep are bred, both of the pure 
 blood and mixed with native stock. 
 
 Aisrsois". 
 
 T. J. Candle, in 1877, produced oO-j- bushels of corn on one 
 acre, and one on an improved lot produced 1857 pounds of seed 
 cotton per acre. No commercial fertilizers used. 
 
 James C. Caraway produced 100 bushels of sweet potatoes on 
 one eighth of an acre. 
 
 Of cattle, the Jersey, Ayrshire and Durham breeds have been 
 introduced and do well. 
 
 The Berkshire hog has been introduced with satisfactory re- 
 sults. 
 
 Mrs. J. S. Branch planted on an acre of land, slightly ma- 
 nured with wood ashes, half a bushel of chufas, which produced 
 295 bushels gathered, and as many left for the hogs, besides 1800 
 pounds of hay which paid all expenses of the crop. 
 
 BEAUFORT. 
 
 A yield of from 40 to 60 bushels of corn per acre is frequently 
 obtained. The largest on record was 100 bushels, or 20 barrels, 
 which was produced on one acre. 
 
 Of cotton, as high as 600 pcumds oi lint (or 1,800 pounds of 
 
234 NOTES FROM COERESPOIn^DENTS. 
 
 seed cotton) have been prod need to the acre, while 400 pounds 
 per acre is of frequent occurrence. 
 
 The Durham and Ayrshire cattle and the Essex and Poland- 
 China hogs are bred. The Berkshire does well and is considered 
 the best. 
 
 Edward L. Hojt produced 1,700 pounds lint cotton per acre. 
 
 Our correspondents report gratifying results from the system 
 of produciug farm supplies at home, and it is rapidly growing in 
 favor among farmers who formerly produced only cotton and 
 depended on that crop to purchase them in northern markets. 
 
 BEETIE. 
 
 John Wilson produced 2,600 pounds of seed coeton on one 
 acre of ground, and 13 barrels, or 75 bushels, of corn per acre. 
 400 bushels of sweet potatoes to the acre were produced by the 
 same j)arty. 
 
 On 15 acres of swamp land W. H. Spivey produced an aver- 
 age of 95 bushels per acre. . ISTo fertilizers used and not much 
 cultivation. 
 
 Mack Deberry, colored, produced a crop of corn averaging 70 
 bushels to the acre, with no manure of any kind. 
 
 The Berkshire and Poland-China hogs and the Devon and 
 Short-Horn cattle have been introduced and do well. 
 
 BLADEN. 
 
 This county reports a fine yield of sweet potatoes. In 1877 
 the great drouth cut most of the crop short. 
 
 Improved breeds of hogs, aroong them the Berkshire, thrive 
 
 best. 
 
 BRUN"SWICK. 
 
 Geo. W. Swain produced 77 bushels of corn per acre, on 
 swamp laud, without manure. B. F. Holden made 70 bushels 
 
NOTES FEOM COKRESPGNDENTS. 335 
 
 on common pine land. M. W. Hilbern produced 500 bushels of 
 sweet potatoes per acre. Edward W. Taylor produced 1800 
 pounds of seed cotton per acre. Dr. Jno. D. Bellamy produced 
 300 bushels of chufas on one acre. Jno. D. Taylor planted 30 
 acres of rice, which yielded an average of 75 bushels per acre. 
 Upland rice is grown with an average of 25 bushels per acre. 
 
 Sheep do well and are very numerous. 
 
 Berkshire, Essex and Chester hogs have been introduced and 
 bred with good results. 
 
 BUNCOMBE. 
 
 L. M. Hatch produced 100 bushels of corn on one acre. Capt. 
 Polk produced 50 bushels of wheat to the acre. 
 
 Apples and grapes of the finest quality are grown. 
 
 Good Ayrshire and Devon cattle; also the Argora goat. 
 
 Berkshire and Essex hogs are bred with great success. 
 
 On improved lands, 80 bushels of corn and 125 bushels of po- 
 tatoes have been produced to the acre. 
 
 Tobacco of fine quality is grown in this county. 
 
 BUKKE. 
 
 Of improved stock, Burke has the Devon and Ayrshire cattle, 
 the Merino and Southdown sheep, the Essex, Berkshire and 
 White Chester hogs. All except the lart do well. Pigs from 8 
 to 9 months old are reported as weighing from 250 to 320 
 pounds. County well adapted to sheep husbandry, but suffers, 
 heavy loss by dogs. The farmers are anxious to have a "dog 
 law." 
 
 CABAREUS. 
 
 Corn, wheat and oats are reported of a good average yield. 
 The Essex, Poland-China, Berkshire and Chester breeds of 
 hogs are bred with success and profit. A portion of this county 
 
236 NOTES FEOK COEEESPONDENTS. 
 
 lias been under stock laws wliicli work admirably and are be- 
 coming popular. All opposition has ceased and farmers are 
 rapidly improving their condition. 
 
 CALDWELL. 
 
 J. 0. Harper produced 75 bushels of white wheat from three 
 bushels sown. Thirteen and a half bushels to the bushel of seed 
 was averaged through the entire crop of J. H. Abernethy. 
 
 Devon cattle, the Berkshire and other improved breeds of 
 hogs, are kept by many, and there is a disposition shown to 
 keep fewer hogs and have better ones. 
 
 Mr. John M. Houck reports the extraordinary yield of 160 
 bushels of com, 670 bushels of sweet potatoes, 29 bushels of 
 wheat and 1200 bushels of Irish potatoes, per acre, as being 
 made on Lower Creek. On Mulberry Creek 700 bushels of 
 sweet potatoes and 35 bushels of wheat, and on Blue Eidge 
 1200 bushels of Irish potatoes. 
 
 The Southdown sheap and Essex and Chester breeds of hogs- 
 thrive well. 
 
 CAMDEN". 
 
 The average fertility of soil and adaptability to various crops 
 is probably not surpassed by any county, though no extraordinary 
 yield is reported. 
 
 In improved stock the pure blood is largely incorporated in 
 the grades. Devon and Durham in the cattle, Cotswold and 
 Southdown in sheep and Bekrshire and Essex in the hogs. 
 Horses, cattle and hogs thrive well; sheep not so well. 
 
 CARTERET. 
 
 Swamp lands are unsurpassed in the pioduction of corn 
 per acre. Uplands, unimproved, yield 25 bushels per acre. Dr. 
 G. N". Ennett has produced 1500 pounds of seed cotton per acre 
 
NOTES FEOM GOEEESPONDENTS. 237 
 
 on river lands, without manure. Stephen Holland produced 
 2,100 pounds of seed cotton on one acre with home-made ma- 
 nure. Lands with clay sub-soils average one bale per acre. 
 
 The cultivation of watermelons is becoming an important 
 feature. As many 'as 700 first-class melons have been produced 
 per acre. Of sweet potatoes, 300 bushels to the acre is consid- 
 ered a good yield. J. L. Bell, of Newport; produced 1,500 
 bushels of rice on 30 acres. 
 
 Improved breeds of cattle and hogs are being introduced. 
 
 Marsh ponies seem to be indigenous to this county^ 
 
 CATAWBA. 
 
 Jackson Hoffman produced 36 bushels of wheat per acre. 
 Oapt. E. E. Beck 37i bushels of wheat on one acre, with a light 
 application of stable manure. L. E. Whitnar produced 1,200 
 pounds of seed cotton per acre. William Self produced 97 bush- 
 els of corn per acre. 
 
 Southdown and Merino sheep are bred; also the Berkshire and 
 Poland-China hogs. 
 
 The Devon and Ayrshire cattle have been introduced. 
 
 CHATHAM. 
 
 J. W, Cos, in the year 1877, produced 40 bushels of wheat 
 per acre on improved land. A. B. Chapin produced an average 
 of 20 bushels per acre throughout his entire crop. Wm. Hunly, 
 of Snow Camp, produced 30 bushels of wheat per acre. Of 
 corn, many farmers have produced 50 bushels per acre. Wm. 
 Stout produced 300 bushels of Irish potatoes on one acre. J. 
 B. Guthrie produced 105 gallons of sorghum on f of an acre. 
 
 Of cattle, the Devon, Ayrshire and Alderney are bred with 
 good results. 
 
 The Cotswold sheep, crossed on the ordinary scrub stock, 
 have proved remunerative, and the lambs at one year old shear 
 from 6 to 10 pounds of wool. Sheep husbandry would prove 
 very profitable but for the great destruction by the many worth- 
 less curs. 
 
238 NOTES FROM COEEESPONDENTS. 
 
 CHEEOKEE, 
 
 R. 0. Washburne produced 183 bushels of wheat on 11 acres. 
 John Cresenberry produced 200 bushels of corn on 2 acres of 
 land, with home-made manure. William Beal produced 400 
 gallons of syrup from one acre of sorghum cane, and 100 bushels 
 of turnips on a lot measuring 30x80 feet. 
 
 Live stock have been much improved by the introduction of the 
 Durham and Ayrshire cattle and the Berkshire and Poland- 
 China hogs. The last is becoming well known and hardy, free 
 from disease and prolific, fattens easily and becomes of good size 
 at an early age. 
 
 CLAY. 
 
 W. P. Moore produced 325 bushels of corn on five acres of 
 bottom land, without fertilizers. Jeremiah Hill produced 13 
 bushels of Flint Wheat to the bushel of seed , J. W. Sherrer 
 made an average of 12 bushels of wheat to the bushel of seed on 
 unimproved lands. 
 
 Ayrshire, Devon and Durham cattle, Cotswold sheep and Po- 
 land-China hogs are bred with profit. 
 
 CLEVELAISTD. 
 
 J. K. Wells produced, on improved land, 2,010 pounds of 
 seed cotton per acae. An average of 1,200 pounds of seed cotton 
 per acre is obtained by many. Re- v. Wade Hill produced 26 
 bushels of wheat to the bushel of seed sown. On the Buffalo 
 "bottoms an average of 100 bushels of corn per acre has been pro- 
 duced, and in one instance 125 bushels were produced on one 
 acre. 
 
 Clover and other grasses do well. 
 
 Chester White, Poland-Cliina and Berkshire hogs are bred. 
 The Essex and Chester are considered the most profitable. 
 
NOTES FEOM COREESPONDENTS. 23f^ 
 
 CEAVE]Sr. 
 
 Some very large yields of cotton and corn have been reported 
 from this county and published by various papers throughout 
 the State. Mr. ' B. Weathersbee produced thirty 450-pound 
 bales of cotton on 22 acres of land, which is not considered an 
 extraordinary crop when the seasons are favorable. Of corn^ 
 110 bushels per acre have been prod need by many. Paul Jones,. 
 in 1877, planted 4 acres in early peas, from which he realized 
 480 bushels, or 120 bushels per acre. From the same lot_ he 
 gathered six tons of peavine forage for feeding stock. 
 
 Dr. Smallwood, of New Berne, has imported some fine Berk- 
 shire hogs, which are highly prized. 
 
 CUMBEKLAjSTD. 
 
 G, W. Bullard produced 88 bushels of corn on one acre. W. B. 
 Draughon produced 480 bushels of sweet potatoes per acre. N.. 
 li. Eayproduced 50 bushels of rice per acre, and 7,000 pounds of 
 crab grass hay- on one acre. Some swamp lands, without ma- 
 nure, have produced 60 bushels of corn per acre. 
 
 The Devon and Durham cattle have been introdnced; also the 
 Southdown and Leicester breeds of sheep, all of which have 
 done well. 
 
 Crops of chufas have yielded finely and have become popular. 
 
 CURRITUCK. 
 
 Upon the lands known as the Bull Yard, 90 bushels of corn 
 have been raised to the acre without manure. 
 
 The crop of watermelons has reached the number of 10,000 (?) 
 to the acre. 
 
 Mr. T. F. Baxter has a breed of hogs (Berkshire crossed on 
 Poland-China) that, with ordinary feeding, will weigh, when Ift 
 months old, about 200 pounds net. 
 
240 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS. 
 
 DAVIDSON". 
 
 Alfred Hargrave, in 1876, on sandy upland soil, produced 20 
 bushels of wheat to the acre, without manure. On red land he 
 produced 60 to one, with top dressing of fertilizer. Jno. A. 
 Erench, in 1877, produced 43 bushels of jlne wheat from. 1^ 
 bushels of seed sown. 
 
 The Berkshire and Poland-China hogs, both of the pure blood 
 and crossed on the common stock, are bred with gratifying re- 
 sults. 
 
 Col. T. M. Holt, on Linwood Farm, produced Sl-g- bushels of 
 Faltz wheat per acre, on 27|- acres of land. Entire crop of 140 
 bushels of seeds sown averaged 20 bushels per acre. All on clo- 
 ver fallow. This gentleman has a breed o| 50 fine Devon cattle 
 on the same farm, and produced 50 tons of turnips. 
 
 DUPLIN". 
 
 James F. Shine prodn • >d 9,800 pounds of seed cotton on four 
 acres, and 340 bushels o: chufa's on one acre; also 100 bushels of 
 oats on one acre. 0. W. Sutton produced 60 bushels of corn on 
 one acre, and 16 bales of cotton on 15 acres. Wni. S. Bowden 
 makes from 50 to 75 bushels of rice per acre. 
 
 Improved breeds of Durham cattle, Southdown sheep, Jersey 
 red and Berkshire hogs; are bred extensively. 
 
 EDGECOMBE. 
 
 Jesse Mercer pioduced 70 bales of cotton on GO acres. Joel 
 Cotton produced 70 bales on 50 acres. Many farmers have pro- 
 duced from 18 to 20 bales to the plow with a sufficiency of farm 
 supplies to be self-sustaining. Fine yields of Timothy and 
 Orchard grass are reported. M. J. Battle produced 1000 bush- 
 els of turnips on one acre. Corn usually yields from 20 to 30 
 bushels on unimproved lands. 
 
 Improved breeds of cattle and hogs^are being introduced. 
 
 I 
 
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS. 241 
 
 EOESTTH. 
 
 From 50 to 60 bushels of corn per acre have been produced 
 and^ on improved lands, tobacco has proved very profitable. 
 Clover, Orchard grass and peas show fine results. 
 
 Improved breeds of cattle and sheep are becoming well known 
 and do well. The Poland-China, Essex, Chester and Berkshire 
 ,hogs are bred to some extent. 
 
 J. H. Totten, in 1877, produced 35 bushels of wheat per acre, 
 on clover land. M. L. Whicker 1,100 pounds of tobacco per * 
 acre, on old field pine land. A. G. Voss produced 500 bushels 
 of sweet potatoes on one acre. From 40 to 75 bushels of corn 
 per acre have been produced by many. 
 
 Poland-China and Berkshire hogs are bred wnth p;ood results. 
 
 TEAlJ^KLIlT. 
 
 I' MaJ. R. Stallings produced 4,300 pounds of seed cotton on 
 one acre. In 1876, 0. L. Ellis reaped 61 pounds of wheat from 
 one pound of seed. Henry Best, 1876, produced 2,945 pounds 
 of seed cotton per acre on unimproved land. Daniel Insco 
 produced, in the same year, 2,225 pounds on one acre. J. J. 
 Jones produced 7 bales on 4 acres, and in 1878 produced 100 
 bushels of v/beat on the same land. David Tarborough, in 
 1878, produced 500 bushels of potatoes on one acre. 
 ^ The Berkshire and Chester hogs are bred freely and do well. 
 
 Henry Pearce produced, in 1875, 49 bales of cotton on 29 
 acres of land. In 1876 he produced 47 bales, and in 1877, 45 
 bales on the same lot of 27 acres. In 1878 he produced 28 bales 
 on 28 acres, notwithstanding the severe hail which damaged the 
 crop. 
 
 GASTOHS". 
 
 William Baker produced 12^^ bushels of wheat from 1|- gallons 
 of seed sowed broad-cast. A. P. Craft produced 1,617 pounds 
 of seed c tton from one acre an 20 rods. 
 
243 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS. 
 
 Of sheep, the Southdown and Merino, and the Berkshire and 
 Poland-China hogs which have been introduced, do well and are 
 becoming better known. 
 
 GATES. 
 
 The alluvial and "'Pocosin" lands, when first cleared, fre- 
 quently^ produce from 40 to 60 bushels of corn per acre. On 
 uplands, when improved, the yield of cotton is from 1 to l-y 
 bales to the acre; oats 30 to 40, and wheat 20 to 30 bushels per 
 acre. Tobacco, sorghum, peas, peanuts, Irish and sweet pota- 
 toes are cultivated successfully. 
 
 The Poland-China and Berkshire hogs are bred profitably. 
 The Chester White is not considered so good. 
 
 GEAHAM. 
 
 Soil rich acd fertile, though our special reporter sends no 
 record of extraordinary yield. 
 
 The Essex, Poland-China and Berkshire hogs thrive well. 
 Sheep husbandry very successful, with little or no trouble. 
 
 GEAlSrVILLE. 
 
 D. Tilley produced IGOO.OO worth of tobacco per acre under 
 the improved system of curing it yellow. This county is uni- 
 versally considered the best for fine tobacco in the State. 
 
 Improved breeds of cattle, hogs and sheep have been intro- 
 duced and widely known. Berkshire hogs are generally bred 
 and have proved very profitable. 
 
 GEEENE. 
 
 Elias Carr prodticed 3,300 pounds of seed cotton on one acre. 
 R. A. Darden, in 1878, produced 400 bushels of sweet potatoes 
 per acre. The productive capacity of the soil is claimed to be 
 unsurpassed in the State. 
 
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS. 243 
 
 Improved breeds of stock are reported as doing well. The 
 Berkshire hog is the favorite breed. 
 
 GUILFORD. 
 
 Uriah Lamb, in 1877, produced 1,000 bushels of corn on 20 
 acres of land. Co]. J. T. Morehead produced an average of 50 
 bushels of corn per acre, on a lot of 50 acres ot land. Henry A. 
 Garvis produced 400 bushels of Irish potatoes on one acree, J. 
 S. Ragsdale produced 100 bushels of sweet potatoes on one half 
 acre. W. H. Idol produced 350 bushels of turnips on one half 
 acre.- D. W. C. Benbow produced 6,900 pounds of Orchard 
 grass per acre. 
 
 Improved breeds of cattle, hogs and sheep are bred freely and 
 with profit. 
 
 HALIFAX. 
 
 R. A. Patterson produced on bottom lands, without manure, 
 100 bushels of corn per acre. On the same kind of land, Thos. 
 W. Hax'ris produced 95 bushels per acre. Henry A. Hand pro- 
 duced 66 bushels of wheat on 1^ acres, and an average of ;35 
 bushels per acre throughout his entire crop of 50 acre.s J. E. 
 Bue produced 3,100 pounds of seed cotton per acre. B. D. 
 Gray produced 23 bales of cotton, averaging 470 pounds each, 
 on 25 acres of improved land. One field of 52 acres on Roanoke 
 river produced an average of one bale per acre for 5 years in suc- 
 cession. Along the Roanoke river an average product of 75 
 bushels of corn per acre has been produced by many. T. W. 
 Nicholson and A. H. Davis, on improved land, produced on 
 large areas from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds of seed cotton per acre. 
 Dr. Garrett, of Ringwood, produced 90 bushels of corn on one 
 acre, and over 2,600 pounds of seed cotton on another acre. 
 
 Improved breeds of stock have been introduced. The Berk- 
 shire hog is the favorite breed. 
 16 
 
344 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS. 
 
 HARN^ETT. 
 
 D. McN. McKay, in 1876, produced 2,220 pounds of seed 
 cotton on one acre of improved land. The product of this acre, 
 "when ginned and sold, amounted to 192.60. In 1877 the same 
 gentleman produced a] crop of turnips estimated to weigh be 
 tween 30 and 50 tons per acre, and 40 bushels of wheat on the 
 same quantity of land. 
 
 Improved breeds of hogs are common, the Berkshire and Po- 
 land-China being the most popular. 
 
 HAYWOOD. 
 
 The heaviest yield of wheat reported in this county was GO 
 bushels per acre. 
 
 The Norman Percheron horse was introduced by Mr. R. H. 
 Penland, and is considered the best breed of farm horse known. 
 
 Devon cattle, improved breeds of sheep and the Essex and 
 Berkshire hogs are bred and are said to thrive well. 
 
 HENDEUSON". 
 
 Mr. Jonathan IMaxwell produced 35 busliels of wheat per 
 acre. Kirk wood King produced an average yield of 20 bushels 
 of wheat per acre on a lot of 20 acres. J. M. Leyda, of Edneys- 
 ville, produced 750 bushels of Irish potatoes ])er acre. 
 
 Of improved breeds of hogs the Chester- White and E-:sex are 
 kno\fn. The latter breed is considered the most profitable. 
 
 HERTFORD. 
 
 W, S. Taylor produced 24 bales of cotton on 20 acres. L. T. 
 Tyler produced 2,500 pounds of seed cotton on one acre. Capt. 
 Long Taylor produced 12 bales on 7 acres. No extra yield of 
 cereals or root crops reported by our correspondent. 
 
 Improved breeds of hogs and cattle are being introduced. 
 
NOTES FROM COERESPONDENTS. 245 
 
 HYDE. 
 
 Our correspondents in this county report no extra yields of 
 ■crops of recent date. 
 
 Improved breeds of cattle and hogs have been recently intro- 
 duced. The Berkshire hog is most common and the favorite 
 breed . 
 
 lEEDELL. 
 
 E. E. Smith produced 6 tons of Golden Millet per acre on 
 old field land, with stable manure spread broadcast. Clover 
 and other grasses are reported to yield finely. 
 
 The Essex, Poland China and Berkshire hogs are bred suc- 
 cessfully, the latter breed being the favorite and most numer- 
 ous. 
 
 J. Henry Stimson and William SLikeleather, of Concord 
 Township, each produced 115 bushels of corn per acre. From 
 30 to 35 bushels of wheat, and from 1,690 to 2,000 pounds of 
 seed cotton per acre have been produced by many. In the north- 
 ern portion of the county as much as 1000 pounds of tobacco 
 have been produced on one acre. 
 
 JACKSOlSr. 
 
 Henry M. Hooper produced, on 10 acres of land, 400 bushels 
 of corn, 400 bushels of Turnips and 5,625 pumpkins, all with- 
 out manure. William Wilson produced SO bushels of turnips 
 on ^ of an acre. 
 
 Devon and Durham cattle have been introduced, and aro 
 bred with profit. The Berkshire and Essex hogs are common 
 and thrive well. 
 
 jo]!irES. 
 
 -No extra yields reported. 
 Improved breeds of cattle, crossed on the native stock, and 
 
246 KOTES FEOM COEEESPONDENTS. 
 
 the Essex aud Poland-Chiua hogs are being introduced and 
 nmch sought after. Hogs of all the various^breeds thrive well 
 with the exception of the Chester White. 
 
 Wm. G. Fordham produced 1,125 pounds of lint cotton on. 
 one and a half acres of poor land. 
 
 A few improved breeds of cattle and sheep have been intro- 
 duced and promise well. Mr. Fountain Williams has some half- 
 breed Cotswold sheep which clipped 9|- pounds each, on the first 
 shearing, and 7i pounds on the second. The Essex hogs, when 
 crosspd on the native stock, are the most popular. 
 
 From 40 to 50 pounds of honey per hive are frequently ob- 
 tained. Only the native bees are kept. 
 
 LENOIE. 
 
 J. C. Kennedy produced, in 1874, 100 barrels of corn on 5' 
 acres of unimproved bottom land, and 600 bushels^of sweet po- 
 tatoes on one acre. A. D. Parrott produced 75 bushels of corn 
 per acre, and 1,223 bushels of wheat on 85 acres of unimpaoved 
 land. The same gentleman produced 30-| bales of cotton on 33- 
 acres, without manure. H. 0, Parrott, in 1876, produced 6,000- 
 2)ounds of yellow tobacco on 5 acres, 
 
 Devon, Alderney and Ayrshire cattle, and the Berkshire and 
 l'o'a:.d-China hogs are bred successfally, 
 
 LINCOLN. 
 
 Fortj-five bushels of wheat and 65 bushels of corn per acre- 
 have been reported by W. A. Graham, 
 
 Ayrshire cattle and Berkshire hogs have been introduced, and 
 are reported as doing well. 
 
 MACON. 
 
 John Eeid[produccd 40 bushels of wheat jier acre, _Mr, Earn- 
 jBcy produced SO bushels of corn on one acre. 1'lie heaviest yield 
 of com reported Avt.s 105 bushels per acre. 
 
NOTES FROM CORRESPO]SrDEN"TS. S4T 
 
 The Devon and Ayrshire cattle, crossed on native stock, are 
 bred profitably, as well as the Berkshire and Poland-China 
 hogs, 
 
 MADISON^. 
 
 J. J. Gudger reports a yield of 100 bushels of corn per acre. 
 M. A. Chandley reports 50 bushels of corn on an ace of bottom 
 land, and 30 bushels of oats per acre on corn land. Zachariah 
 Henderson, in 1876, produced a crop of tobacco on 2f acres that 
 netted him 11027.00, after deducting freight and commission. 
 In the same year, Lee Henderson realized $390.00 on less than 
 • one acre of tobacco. 
 
 Improved breeds of hogs are being introduced. 
 
 MCDOWELL. 
 
 J. G. Neal, in 1877, produced 20 bushels of wheat on 1 acre 
 S. J. Neal reports 35 b ishels of wheat, 75 bushels of corn and 
 .50 bushels of Irish pot. tjrs per acre on unimproved land. The 
 largest yield of corn was 75 bushels of corn per acre. 
 
 The Essex, Berkshi'-j and Poland- China hogs are bred with 
 :,success. No improved cattle reported. 
 
 MECKLENBURG. 
 
 Sandy McKee produced 5,183 pounds of seed cotton on 8 
 acres of land. T. T. McCord produced 1,360 pounds of seed 
 ■cotton per acre. John W. Wadsworth produced 972 pounds of 
 lint cotton on one acre. Capt. Neal, of Steel Creek, has aver- 
 aged one bale to the acre for several years. M. A. Wilson pro- 
 duced upwards of 9,000 pounds of seed cotton on six acres. W. 
 W. Phifer produced 1,000 pounds of seed cotton per acre on 70 
 acres of land. J. M. Davis produced 19 bales on 20 acres. J. 
 C. Dowd produced an average of 1,200 pounds of seed cotton 
 per ;icre on 16 acres of land, with one mule. Dr, J. W. Herron 
 produced 25 bales of cotton, averaging 4G0 pounds each, on 17 
 
248 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS. 
 
 jicres. E. 0. Grier produced 8G bushels of corn 'M\d :i,-400 
 pounds of seed cotton per aero. R. R. Peoples produced 700 
 bushels of corn on ten acres, and 2,000 bushels on 40 acres. 
 John W. Wadswortli produced 6 acres of oats yielding 52|- bush- 
 els per acre, and 6 acres of wheat yielding 28|- bushels per acre. 
 Six thousand pounds of Orchard grass per acre were produced 
 by the same party. 
 
 Of improved stocV, the Devon and Ayrshire cattle are bred: 
 also the Berkshire, Essex and Chester hogs, which are well 
 known and prove remunerative. The Southdown and Gotswold 
 sheep are bred. pure and crossed on the native stock. 
 
 MITCHELL. 
 
 S. W. Blalock roports 75 bushels of corn, 40 bushels of wheat,, 
 300 bushels of Irish potatoes and G5 bushels of buckwheat per 
 acre. 
 
 The Devon and Durham cattle, and the Essex and Chester- 
 liogs have been introduced and do Avell. 
 
 MOOEE. 
 
 J. G. Foushee produced 1,600 pounds of seed cotton on one 
 acre, and 14,200 pounds on 12 acres of land. 
 Not much attention paid to stock raising. 
 
 NASH. 
 
 J, L. Finch produced 2,200 pounds of seed cotton and 470 
 bushels of sweet potatoes per acre. Large yields of corn, wheat 
 and oats have been 3'eported. 
 
 Not much improved stock introduced. Improved breeds of 
 hogs, crossed on native stock, are reported to do well. 
 
 NORTHAMPTON. 
 
 W. 11. Burgess i)roduccd 1,500 poLuids of seed cotton, 40 
 bushels of corn, 30 bushels of oats and 125 bushels of sweet i)o- 
 tatoes per acre. 
 
 No improved stock rej orted by our correspondents. 
 
NOTES FEOM COREESPONDENTS. 24^ 
 
 OXSLOW. 
 
 D. E. Saadlin produced 1 bale of cotton per acre with yery 
 little manure. The general average of corn is from 25 to 30 
 bushels per acre on uplands, and from 80 to 100 bushels on 
 swamp lands. Potatoes yield from 250 to 300 bushels, and pea- 
 nuts 200 bushels per acre. 
 
 Great improvement has been made in the stock of hogs by 
 the addition of the Berkshire and Poland-China breeds, which 
 are reported as being much more profitable than the native stock. 
 
 ORAXCtE. 
 
 Hal P. Jones produced 8 bushels of wheat from 2 quarts of 
 seed sown, with a garden drill, on improved land. 
 
 The Ayrshire, Devon and Durham cattle have been intro- 
 duced and do well. 
 
 Of hogs, the Berkshire and Poland-China are the favorite 
 breeds. 
 
 Cotswold and Southdown sheep are bred freely, and consid- 
 ered much more profitable than the native stock. 
 
 James Norwood produced 4 tons of clover hay and 3 tons of 
 timothy per acre. Four hundred bushels of beets, 800 bushels 
 of turnips and 50 bushels of corn were produced by the same 
 gentleman, who is the owner of several fine thoroughbred 
 horses. 
 
 PAMLICO. 
 
 C. H. Fowler produced, in 1874, 48 bales of cotton on 40 
 acres of land. Jann s ^\. DaAvson produced 2,637 pounds of 
 seed cotton on 1 acre. Bradford Gatlin produced 1,737 pounds 
 of seed cotton per acre, and Sheldon Sawyer 2,203 pounds per 
 acre, both without manure. On unimproved land Thomas J. 
 Sawyer produced 60 bushels of corn per acre on a field of 16 
 acres. Of sweet potatoes, 400 bushels per acre have been pro- 
 duced by many. 
 
 The cattle, sheep and hogs have been much improved by the 
 introduction of other breeds, crossed on the native stock. 
 
350 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS. 
 
 Chester white and Berkshire, crossed on the native stock, is 
 the favorite breed. 
 
 PASQUOTANK. 
 
 C. W. Hollowell reports 2,000 jionndsof seed cotton, 150 gal- 
 lons of sorghum and 122 barrels -of Irish potatoes per acre, 
 
 Alderny, Jersey and Dnrham cattle' are bred and do well. 
 Berkshire, Essex, Suffolk and Poland China hogs have been in- 
 troduced. More attention paid to improved breed (^f stock and 
 the manufacture of home-made fertilizers than formerly. 
 
 PENDER. 
 
 Col. E. D. Hall, produced 122 bushels of corn and 40 bushels 
 of upland rice per acre. 
 
 PERQUIMANS. 
 
 Willis Lamb produced 100 bushels of corn per acre on new 
 swamp land. Rufiis White j^roduced 70 bushels per acre. 
 Three hundred bushels of sweet potatoes have frequently been 
 produced per acre. 
 
 The Scuppernong grape grows luxuriantly in this county. T. 
 E. Winslow produced 120 bushels from vines covering ^ acre, 
 realizing a profit of one dollar per bushel. 
 
 The Durham and Alderney cattle, the Berkshire and Poland 
 China hogs are l-red; no improved breeds of sheep reported. 
 
 PBIESON. 
 
 No extra yield reported by our correspondents. 
 John Rogers produced 50 bushels of corn and 1,500 pounds 
 of tobacco per acre. 
 
NOTES FEOM CORRESPONDENTS. 251 
 
 PITT. 
 
 Mr. Summerlin produced 3,000 pounds of seed cotton on one 
 acre. Allen Cotton produced 3976 pounds seed cotton on 2^ 
 acres and 31 bales on 27 acres. Joab Hemby produced 75 
 bushels of corn per acre. James Joyner produced 2 tons of 
 German Millet per acre. 
 
 Some improved breeds of horses and cattle have been intro- 
 duced aad are highly prized. 
 
 POLK. 
 
 Our corresjion dents can learn of no extra yield in this 
 county. 
 
 RANDOLPH. 
 
 Jonathan Lassiter reports 70 bushels of corn and 40 bushels 
 of wheat per acre. W. A. Woolen produced 70 bushels of Irish 
 potatoes on f of an acre. In August he sowed the same lot in 
 turnips, after gathering the potatoes, and realized 335 bushels. 
 
 Some attention has been paid to improving the stock of hogs, 
 by the introduction of the Berkshire, which is said to do well, 
 and is the favorite breed. 
 
 RICHMOND. 
 
 Hampton Le Grand produced 40 bushels of corn per acre on 
 land which had been planted in corn for 70 yenrs in succession, 
 of sweet potatoes 400 bushels per acre have been produced re- 
 peatedly. 
 
 ROBESON. 
 
 M. N. Mclver reported 84 bushels of corn and 500 bushels 
 of sweet potatoes per acre. Berkshire is the favorite breed of 
 
 llOO'S. 
 
XOTES FROxM C0ERESP0AT]3ENTS. 
 
 ROCKIKGHAM. 
 
 Joliii W. Hntcherson reports 40 bushels of "Wlieat, 50 of com, 
 50 of oats cUid 1200 pounds of tobacco per acre. F. B. Liudsey 
 produced 48 bushels of wheat to one sown. 
 
 Jersey and TOevon cattle are bred as well as the Berkshire and 
 Essex hogs, both of which are much liked. 
 
 EOWAJSr. 
 
 H. C Bost reports 125 bushels of corn, 35 of wheat, 80 of 
 oats per acre. Eight hundred pounds of lint cotton and 1800 
 of tobacco per acre are reported by the same gentleman. Three 
 tons of clover and orchard grass hav3 baen produce per acre 
 S, R. Harrison produced 110 bushels o ' cor.i per acre, on bot- 
 tom land. J. R. Crawior 1, on 50 acrjs oi uplands, produced 
 an average of 35 bushels of corn per :!cre, and on 2^ acres, 134 
 bushels. Luke Blackmer produced 3 3 bushels and^S. R. Har- 
 rison 35 bushels of wheat per acre. M. L. Holmes produced 
 an average of 35 bushels of wheat [ er acrj, ot oats an average of 
 40 bushels per acre has be^n freiU3ntly att;;iiied. J. R. CraAV- 
 ford produced seven, 500 pounds ba'.es o' cotton, on 7 acres^ 
 S. A. Lawrence produced an aver.ige o! 1250 pounds of seed 
 cotton per acre. A. L. Johnson produced 550 bushels of sweet 
 potatoes per acre. S. R. Harrison produced 3 tons of good 
 hay per acre, and 3 bushels of millet li'om one pint of seed^ 
 Over 37,000 pounds of oil ol' Sus il'ia^ and 3170 pounds oil of 
 pennyroyal were produced in th's county in 1878. 
 
 Improved breeds of cattle and hogs are well known and lu'ove 
 2)rofitable and thrifty. 
 
 RUTHERFORD. 
 
 J. H. Forney produced 33 bushels of wheat ])er acre without 
 manure. T. B. Tvv^itty produced 50 bushels oi, corn per acre. 
 James Allen produced 50 bushels oats per acre. A. G. Logan 
 produced 240 bushels of Irish potatoes per acre. Jay 
 
NOTES FEOM COEEESPONDENTS. 253 
 
 Lewis produced 235 gallons of sorglium from one acre. A. F. 
 
 Morgan produced 10 bushels of cliufas from one quart of seed. 
 
 The Berkshire is the favorite breed of hogs and thrives well. 
 
 SAMPSOIN", 
 
 John Ashford reports 135 bushels of coi'n, 500 bushels of 
 sweet potatoes, 800 bushels of turnips, 40 bushels of wheat 
 2700 pounds seed cotton and GO bushels of rice per acre, on 
 swamp land. 
 
 Berkshire hogs have been introduced with favorable results. 
 
 STAXLY. 
 
 Nelson Pennington produced 40 bushels of wheat on one acre. 
 J. Marshall produced 38 bushels per acre, and George W. Dun- 
 lap Q6 bushels from' 2 bushels of seed sown. From 75 to 80 
 bushels of corn have been produced on bottom lands. S. H. 
 Maner produced 64 bushels of corn per acre. A. S. IMiller 
 produced 48 bushels of wheat per acre. 
 
 Poland-China and BerKshire hogs are bred with success. 
 
 STOKES. 
 
 E. P. Mc Anally produced 1013 pounds of tobacco on four- 
 llfths of an acre, realizing $152 therefrom. The same gentle- 
 man produced IS^ bushels of rye and 16 tons of sugar beets per 
 acre, all without manures. Irish potatoes yielded an average 
 of 263 bushels per acre on unimproved land. 
 
 Sl>RE,Y. 
 
 Wm. M. Norman produced 26| bushels of wheat per acre. 
 Eobert F. Sanders prod uced 1082 pounds of Tobacco per acre. 
 On bottomlands a yield of 50 to 60 bushels of corn per acre is 
 frequently made. 
 
354 NOTES FROM COERESPONDENTS. 
 
 The Poland-China, Berkshire and Essex hogs are hred. 
 crosses of Cotswold and Merino sheep have been introduced. 
 
 swAiisr. 
 
 A. B. Welsh produced 50 bushels of corn per acre. J. S. 
 Bradshaw produced 4 bushels of wheat to one of seed. T. E. 
 McClure produced 20 bushels of rye per acre. 
 
 No improved stock reported by our correspondents. 
 
 TRANSYLVANIA. 
 
 C. T. Lownes produced an average of 40 bushels of corn on a 
 field of 100 acres, and on the same farm 40 acres sown in wheat, 
 averaged 15 bushels per acre. E. B. Clayton produced an average 
 •of 50 bushels of corn on 4 acres and on one acre of sorghum 286 
 gallons of syrup. 
 
 The Ayrshire and Devon cattle and the Southdown and 
 Merino sheep are bred with ease and greater profit than the 
 native stock. The Berkshire and Essex hogs are well known, 
 a cross between them being considered the most profitable. 
 
 TYRRELL. 
 
 On 5 acres of improved land Eph Leigh produced 5 bales of 
 cotton, weighing 600 pounds each. William McClure produced 
 8 bales on 8 acres of improved land. From 50 to 60 bushels of 
 •corn per acre have been frequently produced. 
 
 No breeds of improved stock reported. 
 
 TJZsrioN. 
 
 No extra yield of crops reported from this county by our cor- 
 respondents. 
 
 Cotswold sheep, the Essex and Berksliire hogs have been in- 
 •troduced with good result. 
 
NOTES FEOM COEEESPONDENTS. 25& 
 
 WAKE, 
 
 S. D. Williams reports a crop in Panther Branch township 
 yielding 2400 pounds seed cotton per acre and 72 quarts of 
 wheat from one pint of seed. G. W. Atkinson, of Apex, pro- 
 duced 200 bushels of chufas on one acre. 
 
 Of cattle, A. W. Shaffer, of Ealeigh, reports a small herd of 
 pure blood Jerseys, which are said to be exceptionably adapted 
 to the soil and climate of North Carolina and highly esteemed 
 ^ for extraordinary richness of milk and fine quality of butter ob- 
 tained therefrom. The same gentleman has also the pui-e Cots- 
 wold sheep and a cross between them and the native stock, 
 which are considered more hardy and better acclimated than 
 the pu"e blood, as they are less liable to disease and can more 
 safely stand the heat of summer. 
 
 WARREN. 
 
 The late Hon. W. IS". Edwards produced 500 bushels of wheat 
 on 12 acres. John Watson produced,' in 18?7j 22 tons of ruta 
 baga turnips on one acre. W. H. Cheek, in 1875, produced 
 1250 pounds of dark shipping tobacco per acre, and realized 18 
 cents per pound. On ten acres, MaJ. Kemp Plumer produced 
 an average of 1800 pounds of seed cotton per acre, and 75 bales 
 of lint cotton on 100 acres. Walter Allen and niauy others have 
 frequently attained an average of one bale per acre throughout 
 their crops. B. M. Collins produced, in 1873, 12000 pounds 
 of seed cotton on 8 acres, one acre of which produced 2400 
 pounds, 4000 pounds of dark tobacco on 3 acres were produced 
 by the same gentleman. For many years this county has been 
 famous for its thoroughbred horses. The Devon and Shorthorn 
 cattle with the Essex, Berkshire and Poland-China hogs are 
 bred freely and profitably. No improve breed of sheep reported. 
 
 WATAUGA. 
 
 Sixty bushels of corn per acre reported by our correspondents. 
 
556 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS. 
 
 M. C. Hurman produced 15 bushels of wheat per acre, without 
 manures. Thomas Farthing produced 36 bushels of wheat 
 per acre. 
 
 The Devon and Durham are bred and do well. Improvetl 
 breeds of Essex, Berkshire and Poland-China hogs have been 
 introduced, as well as crosses of these breeds. 
 
 WILKES. 
 
 J. T.Finley reports an average 3aeld of 52t} bushels of corn 
 per acre, on 40 acres of land and another of 58f busliels per 
 acre on 27 acres. 
 
 WILSON. 
 
 James T. Lewis produced 70 bales of cotton on 70 acres and 
 21 bushels of wheat per acre. Potato crops are reported very 
 fine. 
 
 The Berkshire hog is the favorite breed and thrives well. 
 
 TADKIlSr. 
 
 'T. Long reported 100 bushels of corn and 20 of wheat per 
 acre, on improved land. 
 
 The Essex, Poland China and Berkshire hogs are bred and 
 prove thrifty. 
 
 YANCEY. 
 
 D. G. Carter, on Caney River, produced 85 bushels of corn por 
 acre. 30 bushels of wheat and 40 of barley have been produced 
 frequently. Of Irish patatoes 300 bushels per acre have boon 
 produced by many. 
 
 Berkshire, Essex, Chester and Poland-China hogs arc bred, 
 all prove thrifty and profitable. 
 
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SILK CULTURE. 267 
 
 SILK CULTURE . 
 
 The general prevalence of westerly winds which give a dry 
 and warm summer climate to North Carolina makes it a healthy 
 home for the silk worm. The mulberry tree grows with great 
 vigor and healthfnlness throughout the middle and eastern sec- 
 tions of the State. 
 
 Silk has been raised in Cumberland county on a small scale 
 for a number of years and an experiment made in Fayetteville 
 but a few years since proves that the percentage of loss by dis- 
 ease of the worm is very small. 
 
 Mrs. W. J. Caldwell of Lincoln county has on exhibition at 
 the Agricultural museum a small hank of silk made by her 
 which is very beautiful. The subjoined letters give some idea 
 of the profits which may be had from this industry and when 
 considered as work suited to females and those not able to un- 
 dergo the hardshi]) of field labor,' the subject certainly commends 
 itself to the attentive consideration of our j)eople. 
 
 Mr. Ed. Fasnach, of the city of Raleigh, who has been a very 
 successful silk culturist contributes the following : 
 
 "Silk culture was attempted and carried on with fair success 
 during the time of the American Colonies but the war of the 
 Revolution checked it, the means of exporting the raw silk 
 having been cut oif. 
 
 About 40 years ago the the Morus Multicaulis fever put silk 
 culture again on its feet, but the extravagant and false state- 
 ments of interested parties and the speculating and gambling 
 mania that followed, prejudiced its interests. Every body went 
 to growing trees and nobody to making silk. It ended in com- 
 plete failure. It is worthy of notice, however, and indeed it 
 should always be borne in mind that if silk culture has not been 
 a success it was no fault of the climate. On the contrary when- 
 ever our native grown silk was put to a test it always proved to 
 be of excellent quality. Dr. Elliot states that in 1759 the ex- 
 
2e>8 SILK CULTURE. 
 
 port of raw silk to England for that year from Georgia alone 
 exceeded 10,000 pounds and it was of such excellent quality 
 that it aold in London at from tivo three shilUng.^ more per pound 
 than that from any other part of the world. 
 
 Again, Prof. Kerr had some North Carolina cocoons exhibited 
 at the World's Fair in Philadelphia which, after having been 
 reeled were pronounced by experts of most excellent quality, 
 another proof of the high valuation of the North Carolina 
 cocoons. Prof, A. Rowland, autlior and scientist of Orbe^ 
 Switzerland, having seen some of my cocoons sent me a few 
 wrecks ago a lot of silk worm eggs of a very precious breed to 
 save the bocoons raised from them — silk worm eggs all the way 
 from Europe to haA^-e the cocoons raised in North Carolina. 
 
 The above instances should be suffici nt to satisfy all the 
 doubting Thomases as to the adaptability of our climate for thte 
 raising of silk worm. Bnt after all the paramount question is, 
 does it pay ? 
 
 Let us see : 
 
 The prices for cocoons and raw silk have -of late years very 
 much fluctuated. While the cocoons were selling in 1876 at 
 $3.00 per pound they are selling to-day at only II. 00 per pound. 
 These are the extreme figures, we may safely put the average 
 price at $2.00 per pound. 
 
 Two hundred mulberry trees will grow very well on two acres 
 of land. A good medium sized tree will yield 150 pounds of 
 leaves, which giveS us 30,000 pounds of le ives on two acres. As 
 it takes 17 pounds of leaves to make 1 pound of fresh cocoons 
 ■30,000 pounds will give us 1,'"<('5 pounds of fresh cocoons. 
 
 Since we have no market fcr fresh cocoons we must stifle theni 
 and dry them . Our 1, 765 pouncl s will then only weigh 588 pounds. 
 (The projjortion of fresh to dried cocoons being as 3 to 1.) 
 
 We have stated the average i)iice of dried cocoons to be 12. GO 
 per pound, this will give us 2X58F=M,176.00. 
 
SILK CULTURE. 269 
 
 Expenses : 
 
 1 grown person first 10 days, $10.00^ 
 
 2 boys or girls *' " 6.0O 
 
 2 grown persons second 10 days, 20.00- 
 6 boys or girls "' '* 15.00- 
 
 3 grown persons third 10 days, 30 00 
 16 boys or girls " ''' 48.00 
 
 I129.0O 
 
 If we add a few dollars for feed, a fe^v days work for pruning 
 
 nnd cultivating the trees, and a few sundries it will cover all the 
 
 expenses Avhich would not exceed $160. This deducted from 
 
 above $1,176 would leave us $1,016. 
 
 $1,016 on two acres of land and in one month time ! How 
 does this compare with one bale of cotton to the acre, the bale 
 at $40.00, the. crop of which it takes six months to make and' 
 ^^ather. 
 
 THE BUILDING REQUIRED. 
 
 Two cheap buildings of rough boards, with fixtures, built 
 with a view of thorough ventilation, each 100x24 is all that is 
 required. 
 
 I desire to state here that in my calculation for the above silk 
 crop, 1 have been very careful not to rely on my judgment alone 
 but have gathered from the many and excellent authorities at 
 my command. 
 
 In connection with silk culture you hear often the remark 
 made that we had no market for our cocoons. This is a great 
 mistake. 
 
 Marseilles is the great market for raw silk and cocoons. These 
 are shipped to Marseilles in bales from the far Orient^ as Turkey 
 Asia, Egypt, Japan and China. Why could we not ship them 
 from North Carolina? Moreover, if it pays to ship a bale of 
 cotton of 400 pounds, worth $40, to Liverpool, how much better 
 fan we afford to ship a bale of silk of 100 pounds, worth 
 
270 SILK CULTURE. 
 
 to Marseilles, only about 300 miles farther. The cocoons enter 
 France duty free. 
 
 The mulberry tree ought to have four years growth before it 
 <3an be stripped of its leaves with impunity. Four years is a 
 long time to wait in this fast age of ours, and no doubt this fact 
 has deterred many from engaging in silk culture. 
 
 But what must we think of the thousands and thousands of 
 mulberry trees scattered over North Carolina whose precious 
 foliage is allowed to go to waste every year. 
 
 In France and other countries to engage in silk culture you 
 have to plant the trees, invest your capital and wait four and 
 ^ix years before you can commence to reap any benefit. Here, 
 in this greatly favored North Carolina you have the trees already. 
 You have, so to speak, only to reach out your hands to gather 
 the treasures with which the Creator has so bountifully sur- 
 rounded you. 
 
 I have omitted to mention the advantage of establishing a 
 filature in our midst. Its importance and usefulness can hardly 
 be over-estimated. It would enable the silk grower to bring his 
 cocoons to market, no matter how small his crop. (The small 
 •crops in France furnish three-fourth of the silk production.) 
 He could dispose of it without the trouble and expense of stifling, 
 drying and shipping to foreign markets, and this assures to the 
 •small grower a promjit, certain and remunerative return for his 
 labor. To make the culture of silk a matter of great individual 
 and national imj^ortance we must strive to bring it to every 
 farmer's door. A filature will do it." 
 
 A letter from Brighton, Mass., to the ''Farmer and Mechan- 
 ic," says: 
 
 "Allow me to bring before you" readers the advantages of 
 raising silk. You have a climate peculiarly adapted to this in- 
 dustry, two crops a year being possible. The following state- 
 ment will be found reliable: An acre of mulberry trees will 
 support 1,000,000 silk worms that will make 400 pounds of raw 
 silk, now worth from four to five dollars per pound. A single 
 fair-sized mulberry tree will feed worms enough to produce 
 
SILK OULTUEK 271 
 
 seven pounds of raw silk. One pound of reeled silk will make 
 sixteen yards of fabric. Silk worms multiply very rapidly, the 
 female moth laying 300 to 400 eggs. A million silk worms will 
 need the first, week the care of two persons; the second, 4; the 
 third, 8; the fourth and fifth 15 to 20. But children can do 
 much of this work. The reeling of the silk can be done at any 
 time. 
 
 It will thus be seen thaf this business will yield rich returns — 
 subject of course to losses and disapj^ointments, our common lot 
 in this life. But with intelligent care success will be the rule. 
 A standard authority speaks of silk- raising as '' an occupation 
 for the feeble and a resource for the poor awakening to habits 
 of industry and of virtue the lising generation. Though a 
 native of the extreme North, a short residence in your State has 
 made me deeply interested in its hospitable people, and iu its. 
 future prosperity. 
 
 BEE KEEPING. 
 
 This branch of industry does not receive the attertion that it 
 deserves, although the following reports from 37 counties show 
 that it may be made quite a profitable one in the extreme east- 
 ern and western counties. The expense attendant on the keep- 
 ing of bees is not necessarily large, and the profits from these 
 busy little workers might doubtless be increased by taking ad- 
 vantage of the modern appliances that have been devised for 
 their better housing and the extraction of honey without the 
 destruction of life. From most of the ccmmunications it will 
 be seen that the Italian Bee is the favorite and is frequently 
 hybridized with the native or black bee. It is said to be more 
 industrious, stronger and generally more docile. "They ap- 
 pear to have longer bills and to be able to reach the honey in 
 
,J72 BEE CULTURE. 
 
 . flowers— the Red Clover for example — which is not accessible to 
 common bees." (Farmers and Planter's Encyclopedia.) 
 
 In response to the following questions: 
 
 1st. What Bee is kept and which do the best, the Xative, 
 -Italian, Cyprian or Albino? 
 
 2d. AVhat is the annual average yield per Colony in Honey 
 and Beeswax..? 
 
 od. What is the average price per pound ? 
 
 ASHE COUNTY. 
 
 Thi ough Mr. T. C. Worth, reports that the native bees aro 
 chiefly kept. There are some Italians ttiat^do not succeed well. 
 Yield of Honey and Beeswax about lOu' p)iials pn'cohi/' 
 Price of Honey 124 cents per pound. Beeswax 25 cents p'^r 
 
 ALAilANCE COUNTY 
 
 Has the native, Italian and Hybrid — Italian preferred. , Ono 
 pound of wax to 20 or 25 pounds of honey per colony. .^Pjmccj 
 from 15 to 20 cents per pound. This report is received from 
 .Mr. D. ^Y. Kerr and Dr. W. F. Bason. 
 
 ALEXANDEE COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. I. P. Matheson states that the native is the only bee in 
 ' his county. Average yield 100 pounds honey and 6 pounds wax. 
 Price per pound of honey 10 cents and wax 25 cents. Mr. W. 
 W. Gryder of this county also writes, that from the native bee 
 about 30 to 35 pounds of honey is the average yield per colony, 
 and about 4 pounds of wax to every 30 pounds of honey. The 
 ;€)oney commands 10 cents per pound, and the wax 28 cents. 
 
 BLADEN COUNTY. 
 
 7Mr. J. W. Purdie -reports that the native is the only kind 
 
BEE CULTURE. %73 
 
 kept, and that the yield per colony is about 50 to 60 pounds. Price 
 of honev from 8 to 10 cents. Wax about 25 cents. 
 
 BRUNSWICK COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. A. C. Williard answers that the native is the only bee 
 icept; that the Italians have been tried but do not thrive well. 
 About 25 pounds of marketable honey is made to the colony^ 
 and 2i2- pounds of wax worth 25 cents. 
 
 BUNCOMBE COUNTY. 
 
 Mr, W. B. Cheek reports that there are no Cyprian or Albino 
 bees in this county. The Italians gather at least one third 
 mce honey than the natives. Average yield n" honey per col- 
 ony 20 pounds. Price 10 cents. About 2 j)ouudci of wax, price 
 36 cents per pound. 
 
 CALDWELL COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. John M. Houck reports that the native and Italian both 
 do well in this county, and that there is not much difference in 
 their work. A low estimate of yield per colony is 25 pounds. 
 The average price is 10 cents per pound. 
 
 CATAWBA COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. W. P. Reinhardt states that the Italian is superior to the 
 native. Average yield about 40 pounds to the colony. Price 
 of honey varies from 15 to 20 cents per pound, and wax is rated 
 at 25 cents. 
 
 CHEROKEE COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Wm. Beal reports only the native bee in this county. 
 Average yield per colony 30 pounds. Price 12^ cents. 
 
«74 BEE CULTUKE. 
 
 COLUMBUS COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. W. M. Baldwin says that only the native bees are kept;, 
 that they do well, especially near the large swamps. 
 
 PRANKLIN" COUNTY. 
 
 Messrs. M. S. Davis and 0. L. Ellis state that the native bee 
 is kept. The average yield per colony is 50 pounds of j honey 
 and 6 pounds of wax. Price of honey 12^- cents per pound. 
 
 FORSYTH COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. E. H. Linville writes that 50 pounds of honey to the col- 
 ony is about the average yield, and the price is 12|- cents per 
 pound. 
 
 GASTON COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. James H. White states that the Italian bee will get honey 
 from the cotton bloom and the red clover, where the native bee 
 never works. 
 
 GRAHAM COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. G. B. Walker writes that the native bee is cultivated, and 
 that the average yield of honey per colony is 60 pounds, and of 
 wax 10 pounds. Honey sells for 10 cents and wax for 22-^ cents 
 per pound. 
 
 GUILFORD COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Jas. W. Albright reports that the native, Italian and Hy- 
 brid are kept, the Italian being preferred. Average yield per 
 colony about 40 pounds of honey and 5 pounds of wax. Aver- 
 age price of honey 15 cents, and wax 20 cents. 
 
BEE CULTURE. 275 
 
 HAYWOOD COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. A. J. Henan writes that the native is the only > "^ kept. 
 The annuui ^ield per colony is aijout 60 pounds, someyicM' 100. 
 pounds. Price 10 cents. 
 
 HYDE COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. AYm. S.Carter reports that the native bee is the only 
 
 ] } ( J < ] ' 
 of wax from a colony. Price from 50 to 60 cents per gallon 
 for honey, and 25 cents per jjound for wax. 
 
 IKEDELL COUNTY. 
 
 Messrs. J. D. Click and J. McOvercash state that the natives 
 and a few Italians are kept. The Italians are preferred. Aver- 
 age yield 50 pounds. Price about 12-5^ cents per pound. 
 
 JACKSON COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. D. D. Davies writes that the native bee is kept. The 
 average yield is 30 pounds to the colony — 10 cents per pound. 
 
 MADISON COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. J. J. Gudger says that the black bee is most common* 
 Average yield about 33| pounds to the colony. Price 10 cents. 
 There are about 1000 colonies in this county. 
 
 MECKLENBURG COUNTY. 
 
 Mr E. B. Caldwell reports that both Italian and natives are 
 kept. The Italian colonies average 30 pounds to the colony. 
 The natives from 15 to 20 pounds, and of wax about 2 pounds. 
 Price of honey 12-|- cents, 
 
 MITCHELL COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. S. W. Blalock estimates the average yield of a colony at 
 30 pounds, at a price of 12| cents per pound. This is a fine 
 county for honey. The native bee is the only one kept. 
 19 
 
276 BE^^ CULTURE. 
 
 PAMLICO COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. J. S. Lane writes that the average yield of a colony is 
 abont 40 pounds of honey and 4 pounds of wax. 
 
 PENDER COUNTY. 
 
 Kr. Daniel Shaw reports that none but the native bee is kept 
 m this county. This is a good county for bees. Average yield 
 ifrom 2 to 4 gallons of honey per hive, wax 2 pounds. Price of 
 honey 80 ceucs pergallon; of wax 30 cents per pound. 
 
 PITT COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Jos. Joyner says that none but the native bees are kept, 
 and that the average yield is from one to one^and a half gallons 
 >per colony. Price of honey is 8 cents per pound. 
 
 ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. John W. Hutchinson says that but little attention is 
 given to bees in this county. 
 
 ROWAN COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Luke Blackmer reports that the native bee is almost ex- 
 clusively raised. The average amount of_^ honey is about 40 
 pounds, and 10 pounds of beeswax. Price of honey 12-} cents, 
 of wax 25 cents. 
 
 RUTHERFORD COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. W. L. Joees writes that but little attention is paid to bee 
 keeping, and that the average yield is not more than 25 pounds 
 per hive. 
 
 SAMPSON COUNTY. 
 
 Col. John A&lifo]d and M]. W. P. Womiyss prefer the lly- 
 'brids. The average yield is about 2 gallons of honey to the hive, 
 .and from 2 to 3 pounds of wax. This is for the common box. 
 
BEE CULTURE. 377 
 
 With improved boxes and management 60 pounds per colony can 
 be made. By the use of the honey extractor an average of 100 
 pounds can be made. Price 15 cents per pound for comb, and 
 -$1.00 per gallon for strained honey. 
 
 SWAIIS" COU^STTY. 
 
 Mr. J. M. E^rls writes that the native bee is the only one 
 raised, and that the average yield per colony is from 15 to 30 
 .pounds, and 2 or 3 pounds of wax. IJoney is worth 10 cents, 
 ■and wax 20 cents per pound. 
 
 STAKLY COUNTY. 
 
 Mr, W. J. Ross writes that the native bee is the one chie^y 
 Scept. A few Italians have been introduced. The average yield 
 per colony is about 50 pounds — wax 2^ pounds. Price of honey 
 varies from 10 to 18 cents, and wax from 20 to 30 cents pe 
 j)ound. 
 
 TYEELL COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Eli Spruill reports that the native bee is the only bee kept. 
 'Two gallons of honey and about 8 pounds of wax is the average 
 jield per colony. Price for a gallon of honey 40 cents, and for 
 •a pound of wax 22 cents. There is a good deal of honey made 
 .in this county and the industry pays well, 
 
 WAKE COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. D. P. Meacham writes as folllows: 
 
 ''The three varieties most propagated are the native blacks, 
 the imported Italian and the Cyprian. The superiority of the 
 Italian bee has long been acknowledged by all Apiarians of any 
 -Tiote, I might state while on this point, that there are five lead- 
 ing points of superiority, viz : 
 
 1st. They are far more prolific than our natives. 
 
 2nd. They are larger stronger and more vigorous. 
 
278 BEE CULTUEE. 
 
 3rd. They are more industrious. 
 
 4:tli. They are more docile in disposition. 
 
 5th, They are more beautiful. 
 
 The Hybrid is a cross of the native black on the Italian or 
 the reverse, either of which crosses produces a l)ec far superior 
 to the native, indeed the genuine Hybrid may scarcely consid- 
 ered inferior to the genuine Italian in several important partic- 
 ulars especially the first three jioints of superior; tv conceded 
 to the Italian, to which may be added its ability lo withstand 
 our cold winters. 
 
 The Cyprian l)ee is of comparative recent importation, and 
 enough is not yet generally known of its cpialities to justify the be- 
 lief that it will prove superior to the Italian, yet it is believed by 
 many bee keepers that it will j^rove to be superior to anything 
 of the kind yet brought to notice: that it Avill prove a valuable 
 acquisition to apiculture in this country I have no doubt 
 
 The average yield of honey per colony from bees ke[)t oii 
 the improved plans, as near as we can learn from the dala at 
 command, is a little over sixty eight pounds annually, Avhile one 
 hundred pounds is not now regarded as unusual. As to the 
 amount of wax, is a (piestion that cannot be answered wi-th any 
 degree of certainty, since all experienced bee keej^ers find it much 
 more economical to save and use empty combs thaii to turn 
 them into wax. 
 
 The average price at which honey is sold in this country 
 as far as we have been able to learn may be placed at about 
 thirteen cents, this is the average- for while much is sold at ten 
 cents a great deal is sold for twenty cents ])er pound. 
 
 Bee keeping we think is destined to become one of our na- 
 tional industries at no distant future. No other indtistry has 
 made such progress as bee keeping has made with the last t\velv«^ 
 years." 
 
 WATAUGA COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. A. J. McBride says that there are tAvovnrieties kept, the 
 
BEE 01" LTURE. 279 
 
 natives and Italians. He thinks thattlie cross of tlie two kinds 
 is the best and that the yield is about 45 pounds of honey and 
 two pounds of wax to the colony, the honey being worth 12^- 
 'Cents per pound the wax 25 cents. 
 
 WATXE COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. T. B. Parker thinks that the Italian bee is far superior 
 to all other varieties. Sometimes as much as 200 pounds of 
 honey is made by one colony but 50 pounds is a good average 
 for the State. Honey is worth from 8 to 15 cents per pound; 
 wax about 23 cents. Mr. Rufas Morgan of this county sends 
 the following interesting letter. 
 
 "I have no hesitation in pronouncing the Italian decidedly su- 
 perior to the IsTatives in many respects; that will come out very 
 l)rominently in poor seasons, but which are not so noticeable du- 
 ring those that yield large ([uantities of honey. To the ordi- 
 nary farmer the nati^o bee is as good as any for all practical 
 j)urposes; as the intr! Action of Italian Queens, and the trouble 
 in keeping their prcccuy pure, more than counterbalances all 
 the advantages. To 1 he professional Apiarian the Italians are 
 a necessity for ma;;_; reasons. With him the trouble of in- 
 troducing queens and keeping the stock pure, is a labor of love, 
 and all the good qualities which the pure Italians really possess, 
 are taken advantage of, at the right time and in such a man- 
 ner that would be inijiossible to the farmer. The differences 
 in favor of, or against the Italians, I sum up as follows.* 
 
 During a good honey season they are not as cross as the IN^a- 
 tives. 
 
 During a ]:)Oor one, they are much more cross and irritable. 
 
 IMiey swarm oftener and earlier than the natives (objection- 
 able, .in my opinion the worst feature about them.) 
 
 Are longer lived. Defend their hives more vigorously against 
 the moth, and are more prolific. As I said, all these qiralities 
 €ome out prominently during a poor season, yet during a good 
 .<.)ne, a native hive will donearlj-jif not fully, as well as an Italian. 
 
280 BEE CULTURE. 
 
 To illustrate. At Old Fort, North Carolina, there was no Bass- 
 wood of any account nearer than three miles; yet during the 
 Basswood season, my Italians gathered large quanties of it; my 
 natives none of any account; the natives working on the May 
 Aveed or dog fennel, from which they gathered a honey, blacky 
 hitter, and worthless, of which the Italians took none. I have 
 never witnessed as great a difference in their Avorking (jualities 
 at any other time. 
 
 Our best judges regard the Cyprian as identical with the 
 Italians, there being no appreciable difference between them, 
 when side by side. It is even questionable if, there are any 
 queens in this country who really came from the Island, of 
 Cyprus. As regards the Albinos, there is no distinct race of that 
 name. The name was originated by a dealer in queens, simply 
 I suppose to emphasize the fact, that he bred fine, very bright 
 (pieens. 
 
 This question of the amount of honey and wax is very liard 
 to answer, it depends so much on locality and management 
 An apiary in the western part of the State in a good locality and a 
 good season would give with the extractor an avei'age yield of at 
 least 150 poiinds; but in that section a good season does not come 
 oftener than once in four or five years, and if one obtained 50 
 ])ounds per colony it would be a fair yield. Farmers there ob- 
 tain about :^5 per colony. The centre of the State I regard as 
 a desert, so far as lioney is concerned. In the swamps of the- 
 east, the yield is very large and poor seasons fewer. 
 
 In Bladen, on Colley swamp, there are farmers who average 50 
 pounds per hive, when the trained Apiarian could easily make 200 
 poundp, per hive by means of the extractor and comb foundation. 
 Almost any wliere in the swamps of tlie east, bee keeping could be- 
 made a valuable adjunct to the farm. With the extractoi- t])o 
 yield of wax is very small, but by the method pursued hy tlie most 
 of our farmers it may be put down as about one pound of wax for 
 for every eleven pounds of honey. 
 
 The honey from the west is mostly from sourwood,and commands 
 readily in the oomb, when nicely put up 20 to25cts. per pound,. 
 
BEE CULTUEE. 281 
 
 -all other grades from 8 to 15 cts. per pound according to the style 
 it is in. The honey from the east is very line but its distinctive 
 <|ualities are not as well know as sourwood, nor does it command 
 as fair a price, 10 to 15 cents being about the two extremes for 
 good quality, and tub hone}' 5 to 10 cents in any considerable 
 ([uantities. Very few of our people understand how to put up 
 honey nicely and for that reason it commands only about half of 
 M'hat it is really worth. It seems to me that a great deal <'f 
 good would be done to call attention to the most modern meth- 
 od of packing and shipping it to the northern market, where 
 alone good honey commands its triie value." 
 
 YADKIN COUNTY. 
 
 Dr. Thos. Long reports that the native is the only kind kept 
 — average yield 15 pounds of honey and 5 pounds of wax; price lO- 
 cents for honey and 30 cents for wax. , 
 
 YANCEY COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. J. R. Neil reports that the native and Italians are kept — 
 the yield of honey is about 40 pounds and wax 5 pounds per 
 colouv; honev worth 10 cents wax 20 c^nts. 
 
 FRUITS ADAPTED TO OUR CLIMATE AND SOIL. 
 
 The following list of valuble fruits adapted to North Carolina 
 has been forwarded by Mr. C. W. Westbrook, of Wilson, N. C, 
 the owner of a large FrnitFarm. 
 
282 ERUITS ADAPTED TO NOHTH CAROLINA. 
 
 EARLY APPLES. 
 
 Yellow May, 
 Early Harvest, 
 Red Astrachan, 
 Red June, 
 Hoover's June, 
 Yellow Sweet June, 
 Red Sweet June, 
 
 Large Striped June, 
 Parker's June, 
 Early Sweet Bough, 
 Early Joe, 
 Early Pear Ajjple, 
 Early Ripe, 
 Summer Rose, 
 
 LATE SUMMER APPLE. 
 
 Summer Pearmain, 
 Garden Royal, 
 Summer Queen, 
 Yellow Horse, 
 Maiden's Blusli, 
 Porter, 
 
 Bonum, 
 
 Buckingham, 
 
 Hunge. 
 
 Grimes' Golden Pippin, 
 
 Eall Smoke House, 
 
 Summer Cheese, 
 
 Clampett, 
 
 Gregory, 
 
 Large White Sweet, 
 
 Cane, 
 
 Golden Banana. 
 
 PALL APPLES. 
 
 Yellow Bellflower, 
 
 A^andevere Pippin, 
 
 Wine, 
 
 English Pippin, 
 
 Barnes' Tender Skin. 
 
 EARLY WINTER APPLES. 
 
 Pine Stump, 
 Clark's Pearmain, 
 White Winter Pearmain, 
 
 Roxbury Russet, 
 Foust, 
 
 MEIJIUM WIXTER APPLES. 
 
 Wine Sap. Green Cheese, 
 
 Ben Davis, " Mason's Stranger, 
 
 Gully, Tanner's Winter, 
 
FRUITS ADAPTED TO NORTH CAROLINA. 283 
 
 Carolina Beauty, 
 
 Duke, 
 
 Royal Limljertwig, 
 
 Romanite. 
 
 Red Yandevere, 
 
 Nickaiaek,* 
 
 Rawle's Janette,* 
 
 Pryar's Red,* 
 
 Sweet Limbertwig or 
 
 Lady Finger, 
 Winter Smoke House, 
 Golden Winter Pippin. 
 
 Winter 
 
 LATE WIKTER APPLES. 
 
 Hall's Seedling, 
 
 Edward's, 
 
 Red Limbertwig,* 
 
 Bar Seedling, 
 OuUasaca, or Bowman's Excel- Johnson's Red, or Brazil Crab, 
 
 si or. White Honey Crab, 
 
 j\tatamnskeet, Hewe's Virginia Crab. 
 
 Shock] e}', 
 Winter Neverfail, 
 Nansemond Beauty, 
 Franklin. 
 
 The following varieties are particularly recommended for 
 market in the eastern and middle counties : 
 
 Wine Sap, Wine, Neverfail, 
 
 Shockley, Nansemond Beauty. 
 
 Ben Davis, Carolina Beauty, 
 
 'Gullv, Sweet Limbertwig, 
 
 Franklin, Royal Limbertwig, 
 
 Cullasaga, Duke. 
 
 All these varieties and many others .succeed well in the 
 mountains. 
 
 The 
 Bonum, Wine Grimes's Golden, 
 
 Buckingham, Vandevere Pippin, 
 
 and other Fall apples are good keepers in the mountains. 
 
 A'arieties marked thus * do not succeed well in the cotton. 
 belt. 
 
284 FRUIT8 ADAPTED TO NORTH CAROLIXA. 
 
 .UTNE PEACHES. 
 
 Aiiisdcn's Jiiiie, 
 Alexander's Earl_y, 
 Early Beatrice, 
 Early Louise, 
 
 Early Rivers, 
 Large Early Rivers, 
 Hale's Early. 
 
 JULY VARIETIES. 
 
 Early 'Tillotsoii, 
 
 Large Early York, 
 
 Amelia, 
 
 Early Ann, 
 
 Oole"s Early, 
 
 Troth's Early, 
 
 Elatus St. John, 
 
 Foster, 
 
 Early Red Cling, 
 
 White Newington Cling, 
 Baltimore Beauty, 
 George IV, 
 Roj'al Kensington, 
 Crawfor Ts Early, 
 Yellow Rareripe, 
 Mountain Hose, 
 H()ne\ , 
 
 AUlJUbT VAR 1:T1ES. 
 
 Old Mixon Free, 
 Old Mixon Cling, 
 Chinese Cling, 
 Tipjiecanoe, 
 Crawford's Late, 
 Stump the World, 
 Large Newington Cling. 
 President, 
 
 Orange Cling, 
 Chines.' \ v:c. 
 Morris Whitt". 
 G-eorgia Press, 
 Columbia, 
 Lemon Cling, 
 Kingsmore, 
 Sally Worrell. 
 
 SEFIEiMBER VAKIiTIES. 
 
 Sal way, 
 Heath Cling, 
 Eaton's Golden Cling, 
 Y^'ellow Heath Cling, 
 
 Steadley, 
 Eliza Thomas, 
 Cowan's Late, 
 Steven's Late R-jireripe. 
 
 LaGrange, 
 
: FEU ITS ADA^J ED TO K ORTH OAEOLINA. 285 - 
 
 (X'TOBER VARIETIES. 
 
 Nix October Cling, Baldwin's Late Free, 
 
 Scott's October Cling, Lady Parham, 
 
 >JOVEMBER VARIETIES. 
 
 Albright's Cling, Harris' Winter. • 
 
 The Harris Winter Peach originated in Nash county, is a 
 perfect free stone, Avhite flesh, Jnicy and very good, and bears 
 abundant annual crops. Frost does not injure it, the fruit has 
 been kept until Christmas. It is a valuable market peacli. The 
 Albright originated with (I. W. Albright, Esq., of Guilford 
 county, and is a remark a l)]yiine peach, bearing abundant crops, 
 ripening late, and keeping well. A peach of great value for 
 market. 
 
 The most valuable peaches for market purposes as shown l)y ac- 
 tual shipments made to uorthern cities from the fruit farm of 
 C. W. A¥estbrook, Wilson, North Carolina, in the summer of 
 1878: 
 
 Amsden's June. First shipment made May the 29th — made 
 various shipments. Sold at $6, 17, $8, 19 and 110 per 
 bushel. A few of the Alexander were shipped with the Ams— 
 den, but the two peaches are much alike and will always sell afe 
 the same price. The Amsden, however, began to ripen first, 
 and bore more abundant crops. Amsden and Alexander varie- 
 ties sent to New York in strawberry baskets, about the 30th of 
 May from Faison, N. C, sold at 120 per bushel. Other ship- 
 ments in the same way sold at high figures. 
 
 Early Beatrice. — First shipment on the 4th of June. Sold as 
 high as 16 at first, but gradually declined in price, and the last 
 shipment brought from $1.25 to $2 per crate of 3 pecks. The 
 Bf^atrice is usually small, and the better plan with it is to pick 
 before fully ripe It keeps remarkably well. The tree has a 
 tendency to over-bear and should be well pruned. 
 
386 FEUITS ADAPTED TO NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Early Rivers, — First shipment the 14th June, Sold at 12.50 
 to 15 per crate of 3 pecks. 
 
 Large Early Rivers. — Ripe with above. Sold at $6 per crate. 
 
 Early Louise. — First shipment the 13th Jun. Sold at $3 to 
 $5 per crate. 
 
 Hale's Early, — First shipment ISth .June. Sold from $3 to 
 • #4 per crate- 
 Early Tillotson. — First shipment 24th June. Half bushel 
 crates from this date sold at Si. 75 to $2.00 per crate. 
 
 Cole's Early. — First shipment 27th June, Sold at $1.00 to 
 #2.50 per half bushel crate. 
 
 Troth's Early — First shipment 27th June, sold for $1.00 to 
 $2.50 per half bushel crate. 
 
 Amelia.— First shipment 1st July— $2.50 to $3.00 per^} bushel 
 .crate. 
 
 Early Red Cling. — First shipment 5th July — $1.25 to $2.50 
 per^ bushel crate. 
 
 Royal Kensington. — First shipment 5th July — 11,25 to $2.50 
 per ^ bushel crate. 
 
 G-eorge IV. — First shipment 5th July — $1.25 to $2.50 per 
 -o- bushel crate .^ 
 
 Yellow Rareripe^ — First shipment 8th July — $2.00 per^bushel 
 crate. 
 
 Crawford's Early.— First shipment 10th July— $1.50 to $2,50 
 per -g- bushel crate. 
 
 Stump the World.— First shipment 15th July— $2.50 to $3.00 
 per 4- bushel crate. 
 
 White Newington Cling, — First shipment 17th July— $2.00 
 to $2.25 per i- bushel crate. 
 
 Chinese Cling. — First shipment 17th July — $2. 50 to $3.00 per 
 -|- bushel crate. 
 
 Yellow Alberge.— First shipment 17th July— $1.75 to $2,00 
 per ^ bushel crate. 
 
 Large Newington Cling. — First shipment 19th July — $1.75 
 to $2.00 per ^ bushel crate. 
 
 Old Mixon Free.— First shipment 22d July— $1.25 to $1.75 
 ;per -g- bushel crate. 
 
FEUITS ADAPTED TO NOETH CAEOLINA. 28^ 
 
 Stevens' Late Eareripe. — First shipment 8th August — $1.25. 
 to '41,50 per ^ bushel crate. 
 
 Sal way. — First shipment 15th August — 12.00 to $2.25 per 
 ^ bushel crate. 
 
 As the spring of 1878 was unusually forward, all the above 
 varieties ripened very early. The dates given above show when 
 the different kinds began to ripen, and they would last from 10 
 days to three^ weeks. 
 
 Madeline, 
 Doyeum de Ete, 
 Benm Gilford, 
 
 Osband's Summer. 
 Bloodgood, 
 Eostiezer, 
 Deerborn's Seedling, 
 
 JUNE PEARS. 
 
 Early Sugar, 
 Boykin's June, 
 
 JULY PEARS. 
 
 Ott, 
 
 Tyson, 
 
 Clapp's Favorite. 
 
 Barelett, 
 
 Belle' Lucratine , 
 
 Manning's Elizabeth, 
 
 AUGUST PEARS. 
 
 Brandy wine, 
 Kingsessing, 
 Cliapin, 
 
 SEPTEMBER PEARS. 
 
 ];)uchess de Angouleme, Buffum, 
 
 Seekel, Louise Bonne de Jersey, 
 
 HovN^ell Beurre de Anjon. 
 Flemish Beauty, 
 
 OCTOBER AK^D NOVEMBER PEARS. 
 
 Beurre Diel, 
 Beurre Clairgean. 
 
 Glout Morcean, 
 
 Lawrencej 
 
 A^icar oi: Wakefield, 
 
 NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER PEARS. 
 
 Winter Nellis, 
 
388 FRUITS ADAPTED TO NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 A UELIAHLE WINTER PEAK FOR GENERAL USE. 
 
 Easter Beurre; 
 
 The Morgan is also a fine pear and a good keeper and is said Lo 
 
 be a native of North Carolina. 
 
 PLUMS. 
 
 Wild Goose, 
 Imperial White Gage, 
 Coe's Golden Drop. 
 
 Jett'erson, 
 
 Egg, 
 
 General Hand. 
 
 NECTARINES. 
 
 Early Violet, 
 ?)Ost()n, 
 
 New White, 
 Hnnts' Tawney, 
 
 APRICOTS. 
 
 Royal, 
 Turkey. 
 Larae Earlv, 
 
 Peach, 
 Moorpark 
 
 CHERRIES. 
 
 Hearts and Bigarreans, 
 Early Purple Guigue, 
 Black Tartarian, 
 Black Heart, 
 Black Eagle. 
 Belle de Orleans, 
 Governor Wood, 
 
 Elton, 
 
 Knight's Early Black, 
 Yellow Spanish, 
 Rockport Bigarrean, 
 Coe's Transparent, 
 Najioleon Bigarrean, 
 
 DUKE CIIERRIE- 
 
 May Duke, 
 
 Late Duke, 
 Belle de Chaisey, 
 
 Belle et Magnifique, 
 Reine Ilortciise. 
 
 MORELLO CHERRIES. 
 
 Eal'ly Richmond, 
 
 English Morello. 
 
FETJITS ADAPTED TO XOKTH CAKOLIXA. :>.ss 
 
 Oniiio'e, 
 
 llardsliell, 
 
 Brown Turkej, 
 Murseilles, 
 
 QUINCES. 
 
 Ke;i's Miinimorli. 
 
 iLLMOND.S. 
 FIGS. 
 
 Celestial, 
 
 Black Bnuiswick 
 
 EVEK-BEAKIXG .UULBERKIES FOR RAISIXU AND FxVTTEXING HOGS. 
 ALSO GOOD FOR POULTRY 
 
 Large Black — the best 
 Large White, 
 Purple, 
 
 Eed, 
 
 S.nall Black, 
 
 GRAPES. 
 
 (Joncord,* 
 
 Ives' Seedling,* 
 
 Hartford Prolific,* 
 
 Clinton, 
 
 Catawba,* 
 
 Scuppernong } 
 
 Flowers 
 
 Thomas, 
 
 Mish, f 
 
 *Most profitable bunch grapes 
 
 Arbor grapes. 
 
 Delaware,* 
 
 Diana, 
 
 lona, 
 
 Salem, 
 
 Martha, 
 
 Eebecca, 
 Enmelan, 
 
 RASPBERRIES. 
 
 BrandjAvine- Red, Doolittle, Black, 
 
 Philadelphia, Red, Davidson's Thornless, BUick. 
 
 Mammoth Cluster, Black, Seneca, Black, 
 
2(50 FRUITS ADAPTED TO NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 CURRANTS. ' 
 
 Red Dutch, Cherry, 
 
 White Dutch, Victoria, 
 
 White Grape, La. Versaillaise. 
 
 GOOSEBERRIES. 
 
 Houghton's Seedlin;:,-, 
 
 STRAWBERRIES. 
 
 Nunaii's Prolific, Monarch of the West. 
 
 Baltimore Scarlet, Triomphe de Gand, 
 
 Wilson's Albany, Charles Downing, 
 
 Boydan's No. 30. 
 
 While apples grow well in every county of the State those of 
 the Piedmont and Transmontane sections are superior both in 
 size and flavor to the fruit of any other section ^'on the globe. 
 The truth of this assertion is founded on the Statements of 
 commission merchants of the northern eitie.^ and has recently 
 become known to the world at the World's Fair at Philadelph ^ 
 in 1876, and at the National Pomological Display at Baltimcr 
 in the fall of 1877. Numbers were exhibited at our recent State 
 Fair, weighing over one pound and some as great as two. We 
 give below a list of the varieties best adopted to those sections. 
 
 FALL APPLES. 
 
 Fall Pippin, Bellflower, Queen Pippin or Jkickingham, Black 
 Gilleflower, Red Vaiidevere, Big Red, Catawba Red, Capps 
 Mammoth, Shannon, Bonum, Spy, 20 oz^Pippin, Grand-mother 
 Cheese, Golden Pippin, Seek no further, London Lady, Smoke- 
 house Splitting, Fall Black:, Gloria Mundi, Golden Russet, 
 Lady Melon, Orfley or White Bellflower, Virginia Beauty. 
 
FEUITS ADAPTED TO NOTKH CAROLINA. 291 
 
 WINTBE APPLES. 
 
 JS'ickajack, Wilfony, Buff, Couiack, Pliarr, Kewtown or Al- 
 bemarle Pippin, Hoover, Limbertwig, Ben Davis, Holden Red. 
 Finger Seedling, Halls seedling, Royal Limbertwig, Pound. 
 
 SUMMEE APPLES. 
 
 All varieties do well in this section. 
 
 C3^^;_;;5S=:THE END 
 
M 
 
 \\^^\