THE 
 
 Foot and Mouth Disease 
 In Illinois 
 
 Its Cause, Character, Cost and 
 Eradication 
 
 BY 
 
 American Experts in Veterinary Medicine and Animal 
 
 Hiisbandry before the Illinois General Assembly 
 
 on January 19, 1915 
 
 COMPILED AND PRINTED BY 
 
 The Secretary of State, Lewis G. Stevenson 
 By Authority of the General Assembly of Illinois 
 
THE 
 
 Foot and Mouth Disease 
 In Illinois 
 
 Its Cause, Character, Cost and 
 Eradication 
 
 BY 
 
 American Experts in Veterinary Medicine and Animal 
 
 Husbandry before the Illinois General Assembly 
 
 on January 19, 1915 
 
 COMPILED AND PRINTED BY 
 
 The Secretary of State, Lewis G. Stevenson 
 By Authority of the General Assembly of Illinois 
 

 Iii.iNOis State Journal Co., State Printers. 
 
 Springfield, III. 
 
 19 15 
 
 ^. Of D. 
 tJEC 23 (916 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The Illinois GencM-al Asscinbly, on the aftornoon of January 19, 
 1915, considered the foot gnd mouth disease among the live stock herds 
 of this State. 
 
 Herein is contained an account of that session, including the 
 addresses delivered by animal husbandry and veterinarian experts called 
 in to advise the General Assembly as to the character and course of the 
 disease and the most approved, efficient, and economical methods of 
 stamping it out. 
 
 Secretary of State, Hon. Lewis G. Stevenson, presided and intro- 
 duced the following speakers : 
 
 Hon. Edward F. Dunne, Governor of Illinois. 
 
 Prof. V. A. Moore, Dean of the Veterinary Department, Cornell 
 University, Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
 Dr. C. J. Marshall, Professor of Veterinary Medicine, University 
 of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 
 
 Prof. H. W. Mumford. Professor of Animal Husbandry, University 
 of Illinois, Urbana. 
 
 Dr. S. E. Bennett, Inspector for the United States Bureau of 
 Animal Industry, having charge of the work in Illinois, Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 Dr. U. G. Houek, Inspector for the United States Bureau of Ani- 
 mal Industry, Washington, D. C. 
 
 G. A. Gregory, Editor, Prairie Farmer, Chicago. 
 
 H. E. Young, Editor, Farmers Review, Chicago. 
 
 J. Brown, Editor, Drovers Journal, Chicago. 
 
 Every speaker endorsed summary slaughter as the most effective 
 and economical plan. Those who had had experience in combating the 
 disease declared that the quarantine method has never proved satis- 
 factory, but on the contrary has been even more expensive in the end 
 than direct loss through slaughter would have been. 
 
 The concensus of opinion of these speakers, both experts and lay- 
 men, was that Illinois' authorities had adopted the proper course when 
 they began to kill infected and exposed stock. No criticism of the 
 campaign waged by Illinois officials was even intimated. Many urged 
 them to proceed with even greater dispatch and thovouahnoss to eradi- 
 cate the epidemic by this drastic measure. 
 
 They referred to the suddenness and the extensiveness of the out- 
 break which has taxed the resources of both Federal and State govern- 
 ments. 
 
 The very limited number of inspectors in the Federal and State 
 services who had had sufficient experience to diagnosis the disease 
 readily should always be taken into account in any discussion of the 
 early treatment of this scourge in Illinois. 
 
Another fact of the greatest importance was brought out by Prof. 
 Mumford, when he said that tfee general situation throughout the country 
 is well in hand, and there is little uncertainty as to the outcome, except 
 in Illinois, where the contagion has been most virulent and extensive. 
 
 "Already," said he, "more than 500 herds have been exterminated. 
 Of the herds reported diseased less than 25 remained alive on January 
 12, in addition to the National Dairy Show cattle, held in quarantine 
 for experimental purposes." 
 
 In these addresses will be found a conservative and dispassionate 
 dicussion of all the questions which the epidemic has raised, not only 
 in the minds of the laymen, but of the stockmen as well. 
 
 The reasons for slaughter as against quarantine, why quarantine is 
 not effective but is as expensive as slaughtering, the duty of the State 
 to reimburse the owners of slaughtered stock, the seriousness of the 
 disease in its effects on the general public, even to those most remote 
 from it, how and where it touches our food supplies and diminishes our 
 accumulations of material w^ealth, the characteristics of the contagion, 
 the many ways in which it may be disseminated, its history in this 
 country, the means which have been taken to combat it without 
 slaughter; these, and many other subjects will be found fully and 
 intelligently treated, in this little book, by the highest and best authori- 
 ties in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry in the United States. 
 
 For these reasons these addresses are printed by the Secretary of 
 State, under authority of the Fortv-ninth Oeneral Assemblv of Illinois. 
 
TUESDAY, JANUAEY 19, 1915, 2:00 O'CLOCK P. M. 
 Springfield, Illinois. 
 
 House met pursuant to adjourumcnt, 
 
 Secretary of State L. G. Stevenson in the Chair. 
 
 The Chair : The House will be in order. 
 
 I believe that every person in this House recognizes fully that the 
 live stock interests of the State are in serious danger, and unless some- 
 thing is done, radically, vigorously and immediately, it will soon be in 
 a condition which money cannot change. The disease has been success- 
 fully dealt with in several counties. The Federal Government, as I 
 understand it, has entire charge of the quarantine, and our State, under 
 the direction of the State Veterinarian, Mr. Dyson, is actively cooperating 
 with the Federal Government. 
 
 This matter I know has caused Governor Dunne an immeasurable 
 amount of anxiety as it has also all others who are deeply interested in 
 the welfare of the State. I know also that he has consulted many 
 eminent authorities regarding the method of treatment — quarantine and 
 the so-called slaughter — and, without exception, every man he has con- 
 sulted has approved the course of the Federal and State governments. 
 
 Further than that, the Governor and the Board of Live Stock 
 Commissioners have gone outside of the State and invited to address us 
 men eminent in their line, men who have had extensive experience with 
 this disease, and one or two of them have successfully coped with it. 
 These gentlemen will address us later and I am advised will be glad to 
 answer any questions which are pertinent to the situation. 
 
 It is my pleasure to introduce a man who has devoted his time 
 untiringly to the solution of this problem — Governor Dunne [Applause]. 
 
 Governor Edward F. Dunne. 
 
 Gentlemen of the Senate and the Assembly: 
 
 Last Friday, I believe, or Thursday, a committee of this House, or 
 rather members of this House — because I recognize the fact that the 
 House is not yet organized — but several members of the House who 
 are either stock raisers themselves of who are very much interested in 
 the stock raising industries of this State were kind enough to call upon 
 me in my office in this building to consult with me with reference to 
 the course that has been pursued, and the course that is being pursued, 
 and the course that will be pursued in the effort to eradicate the hoof 
 and mouth disease in the State of Illinois. At that conference it was 
 suggested by these gentlemen that it might be wise if T could place at 
 the disposal of the House and members of the Senate, such infor- 
 mation from scientists as might bo at my disposal, so that the farmers 
 and stock raisers of the State of Illinois, through their representa- 
 tives in the Assembly, might be informed of the present status of the 
 
treatment of the foot and mouth disease and what would be expected 
 in the future. I told them with much pleasure that I had just antici- 
 pated some of their requests; in other words, prior to that time I had 
 extended an invitation to Dean Moore, dean of the veterinary college 
 attached to the University of Cornell, in Ithaca, New York, and Mr. 
 Marshall, State Veterinarian of the great state of Pennsylvania, who 
 had had the experience derived from two struggles in the past with 
 the foot and mouth disease ; and that I was about to invite Mr. Goodwin 
 of the "Breeders' Gazette," who, while not an expert, because of the 
 fact that he owned, edited, and managed a paper devoted exclusively to 
 the live-stock interests of this State and the Northwest, was a man that 
 probably was as well informed upon the scientific status of this fight 
 as any one. 
 
 I am pleased to say, gentlemen, that I have here today with me, 
 prepared to lay before you their views on the subject, Dean Moore and 
 Mr. Marshall, and a telegram of regret from Mr. Goodwin. I feel that 
 you could not get better scientific information in the United States 
 outside of the Federal department — The Bureau of Live Stock Industry 
 at Washington — than the information you can get from these scientists. 
 Mr. Goodwin telegraphed me that he could not be here and I would 
 like to read his telegram as showing what he thinks of the course pur- 
 sued both by the Federal and State authorities in the management of 
 the foot and mo^^th disease. It is addressed to me and dated January 
 14th : 
 
 "Am just leaving with my family on my winter vacation and 
 cannot go to Springfield as you request, and could not qualify as 
 an expert witness. The policy adopted by the Federal and State 
 authorities in dealing with the foot and mouth disease will be 
 supported strongly by the Breeder's Gazette." 
 
 ''W. E. Goodwin." 
 
 As you are all aware, gentlemen, this outbreak took place about the 
 first of November and I want to say to you that it did not originate in 
 the State of Illinois. The disease entered this State from Southern 
 Michigan and Northern Indiana and was suddenly discovered in the 
 Stock Yards at Chicago. Immediately upon the discovery of this 
 disease in the State of Illinois both the Bureau of Animal Industry at 
 Washington and the Live Stock Commissioners of this State and Mr. 
 Dyson, the State Veterinarian, promised coordination for the purpose of 
 promptly treating this disease and, I believe they have done so with 
 great success. I did believe about the 20th of last month — owing to 
 the fact that we had most of the tainted herds of this State exterminated 
 and placed under ground, and the herds that were infected and not 
 slaughtered did not exceed 20 in number — that we had the foot and 
 mouth disease under control. I anticipated that I would be able to 
 say to you in my message, when this body is organized and when I can 
 deliver that message to you, that we had it under control and that it 
 was practically exterminated in the State of Illinois. 
 
 Since that time, however, things have somewhat changed. The 
 disease, to our great surprise, has spread, and my last information— - 
 twenty-four hours ago — is that there are about twenty-five or twenty-six 
 herds still affected in the State of Illinois. 
 
Tlio j)(,)lic V pursued I'roiu the start, as 1 have been advised, is the 
 only successi'ul, scientific, and thorougli way of exterminating the foot 
 and mouth disease. So I am advised by the Federal authorities, through 
 their representative, Dr. Bennett, and so I am advised by the State 
 Veterinarian, who, when he was appointed, I ascertained had as good 
 credentials and qualilications for the position as 1 could find in the State 
 of Illinois as a scientist in that line. The advice given to me from the 
 start has been that to successfully exterminate the foot and mouth dis- 
 ease it is necessary to slaughter not only every animal infected but every 
 animal in the herd that has been exposed to the infection, and that 
 policy has been pursued, acting upon the advice of the scientists, from 
 the time when we first discovered the outbreak in the State of Illinois 
 down to the present time. In carrying out that policy it has occasioned 
 some discontent, some uneasiness, some dissatisfaction. I do not wonder. 
 When I was first told by the scientists, about the first of November, that 
 it was necessary to kill every animal in the herd when only one or two 
 was infected I was shocked. I did not think it could be possible that 
 that was the only way to treat this disease and exterminate it, but I 
 have learned since that time from every scientist that I have consulted 
 that that is absolutely the only safe way to treat this disease. I have 
 been informed in the great empire of Great Britain that they started by 
 quarantining the affected herds and that it was found to be a failure, and 
 that the British government, following the precedents established by this 
 republic, now insists, in its treatment of the foot and mouth disease, that 
 not only the animal affected but every animal exposed has to be 
 slaughtered and placed under the ground. 
 
 It is not a new question to the scientist of this country, although it 
 may be new to some of us. This is the sixth outbreak of this epidemic 
 in the United States, and on five different occasions the Federal authori- 
 ties have combated this disease, and on different occasions they have 
 succeeded in eradicating it, but only by the slaughter of the entire herd, 
 both those affected and those exposed to the infection. 
 
 Gentlemen, I am glad of the kindly invitation extended by this 
 conference of members who waited upon me, and I am very glad to 
 place at the disposal of this body such scientific information and such 
 knowledge as these gentlemen possess, because you and I and all of us 
 want to do what is best for the stock raising interests of the State of 
 Illinois and of the United States. 
 
 It is not a question alone for the State of Illinois. This epidemic 
 has already afl'ected 18 states and because of its wide-spread character 
 and the excessively contagious character of the disease I have reached 
 the conclusion that it ought to be a matter of National rather than State 
 concern. If war were declared upon the United States the Federal 
 Government, under the Constitution, would be compelled to take up the 
 defense of this country and not leave it to the individual states. The 
 foot and mouth contagion has declared war upon the cattle raising 
 industries of the United States and I believe it so wide-spread and of 
 such a National character that the matter ought to be handled by the 
 Federal Government in case of future outbreaks of this character, and I 
 am pleased to say, my friends, that from the start to the finish, so far 
 as the attempt to suppress the foot and mouth disease in this State, 
 
t 
 
 there has been entire coordination and harmony between the Federal 
 and State authorities, and there doesn't seem to be any difference of 
 opinion between these authorities that the o]ily way to exterminate this 
 disease is to slaughter every animal which has been exposed. That is 
 the only issue before us and you and I want the stock raising industries 
 to understand it. 
 
 It has occasioned great losses to all the farmers, and the Federal 
 Government has tendered, pursuant to its past policies, one-half of the 
 losses of the farmers, and I have urged our two United States senators 
 to expedite that appropriation so that these moneys which are to be paid 
 out by the Federal Government are paid out as soon as possible. Out 
 of due courtesy to the Legislature I do not want to anticipate my mes- 
 sage, but I can properly say that I have made certain recommendations 
 in my message in relation to this matter, so far as the State of Illinois is 
 concerned, that I think will meet with the entire approval of the cattle 
 raising industries of this State. 
 
 I will ask, my friends, that you now hear from the gentlemen who 
 have made a study of this matter and who are professionally much better 
 able to present their views upon this matter than I or any other un- 
 trained or unscientific person can, and I will ask Dean Moore, of the 
 Veterinary College of the University of Cornell, to address this house 
 upon the issue. [Applause.] 
 
 Gentlemen, the professor has been dean of the veterinary college 
 of the University of Cornell for the last six years, and he has written 
 several treatises on these diseases, one of which I had the pleasure of 
 reading. 
 
 Professor V. A. Moore, Dean of the Veterinary Department, Cornell 
 University, Ithaca, New York. 
 
 Mr. Chairman: When I was invited to be here today it was my 
 understanding that I was to appear before a committee and be questioned 
 rather than to make an address to a body of this kind. However, on 
 consultation with the Governor and State Veterinarian, it seems to be 
 their wish that I make a statement to you concerning the foot and mouth 
 disease. 
 
 Foot and moutli disease, while new to the people in the middle and 
 farther western section of this country, is not new to the veterinary 
 profession. It is supposed to have had its origin in the Orient and to 
 have gradually traveled westward until by the middle of the eighteenth 
 century it had spread over the entire continent of Europe and to the 
 British Isles. Since that time great effort has been made on the part 
 of the European governments to eradicate it from their countries. It 
 has on five previous occasions made its way to this country. These 
 occurrences were in 1870, between 1880 and 1883, 1884, 1903, 1908, 
 and 1914. 
 
 Foot and mouth disease is perhaps the most easily spread infectious 
 and communicable disease of domesticated animals. It attacks chiefly 
 ruminating animals and pigs, although other species are not entirely 
 exempt from it. It is caused by some specific agent, the exact nature 
 of which we do not know. It will pass through a Berkfelt filter and 
 
for that reason its cause is known as a filterable virus. It is an eruptive 
 librc and belongs to the class of exanthcmatous diseases akin to small- 
 pox, measles, scarlet fever, and the like. It begins with a rise in tem- 
 perature, which after one to two days is followed by the eruption of 
 vesicles on the lips, gums, inside of the cheeks, and tongue; in cows on 
 the teats and on the inter-digital spaces; in swine it frequently does 
 not attack the mouth. In a few days these vesicles break, leaving a raw 
 and usually deeply reddened surface. After the vesicles have broken the 
 characteristic of the disease has disappeared and its diagnosis becomes 
 more difficult. Unlike other infectious diseases of this class, immunity 
 following it is very slight; cattle often suffer from a second attack within 
 a few weeks. 
 
 The period of incubation is said by most authorities to be from three 
 to six days. In the present outbreak evidence has been accumulated to 
 show that it may be much longer. 
 
 Another point of interest is the rapidity with which the disease 
 runs its course and the promptness with which the lesions in the mouth 
 will disappear. The mortality is very light. It is given by different 
 authorities at fjora one-half of one per cent to ten per cent, but occa- 
 sionally there are outbreaks in which the mortality is very high. The 
 sequelfe of the disease may be varied. While many animals recover, a 
 considerable percentage of them develop abscesses in the udder and in 
 other cases the hoofs drop off. This latter seems to be particularly true 
 of hogs. 
 
 While the disease is not in the beginning very serious the secondary 
 lesions that follow, together with the loss of milk and flesh during the 
 disease, render it one of the most serious of the infectious diseases of 
 animals. 
 
 Dr. Cope (Seventh International Congress of Veterinary Surgeons, 
 Baden Baden, 1899, vol. I, p. 184) stated at the International Veteri- 
 nary Congress at Baden Baden in 1899 as follows : 
 
 "It is. true that foot and mouth disease rarely assumes a fatal 
 
 character, but the fact that nearly all classes of animals on the farm 
 
 are susceptible renders the neighborhood losses much greater in the 
 
 case of foot and mouth disease than rinderpest or pleuro-pneumonia. 
 
 which only affect cattle. In my country, where it has existed for at 
 
 least 50 years, it has caused enormous loss and inconvenience, 
 
 greater than that of all the other contagious diseases combined." 
 
 This is an exceedinglv important statement when we call to mind 
 
 the statement of Dr. Gangee, that because of the neglect on the part of 
 
 the British government, rinderpest and pleuro-pneumonia had cost Great 
 
 Britain and her colonies more than four hundred million dollars. 
 
 Hafner stated, at the same congress, concerning the ravages of this 
 disease in southern Germany, that: 
 
 "Foot and mouth disease had prevailed almost continually in 
 Germany for a long series of years and it had caused losses much 
 greater than all other episodic diseases combined. It had also been 
 found that the disease, instead of following a benign course as 
 formerly, had, during recent years, become very malignant. In fact 
 in numerous sections hundreds of cattle had suddenly dicd^ and 
 certain estates had lost from a third to a half of their stock. 
 
10 
 
 The seriousness of the secondary lesions that follow this disease 
 may be understood from the following statement from the report of the 
 outbreak in New England in 1902 (Eeport of Bureau of Animal In- 
 dustry, 1902). 
 
 "In Massachusetts a number of herds were preserved which 
 had the disease in a mild form and which had apparently recovered 
 at the time the inspection was made. In about one-third of the 
 cases where the owners afterwards came in with the statements that 
 relapses had occurred with their animals, some were again affected 
 with a formation of vesicles and most of those had abscesses in the 
 udders which made them unfit for milk production. At the time 
 these cattle were slaughtered the udders of many of them were so 
 distended with pus that they were ruptured as the animals fell and 
 discharged vast quantities of this liquid." 
 
 In order to show that the general character of the disease is not 
 always mild it should be stated that it was not until 1875 that it was 
 classified in Denmark as a "malignant, infectious disease." It is now 
 regarded in that country as one of the most harmful diseases among 
 domesticated animals and the greatest efforts are now being made to 
 keep it in check. 
 
 In addition to the serious udder and feet trouble. Professor Bang 
 makes the further statement: 
 
 "It may be added that in nearly all outbreaks some cows con- 
 tract inflammation of the udder, with the result that many of these 
 cows become more or less worthless for milking; some cows get a 
 malignant and persistent hoof complaint which weakens them gen- 
 erally. Furthermore a number of young calves and pigs die, as well 
 as adult animals occasionally; abortion is also liable to occur; and 
 all this without taking into account the emaciation caused by the 
 disease. There is thus every reason for treating the disease and 
 doing everything possible to prevent its gaining firm footing." 
 
 It is important to understand the means by which this disease is 
 disseminated. As already stated, it is one of the most infectious diseases 
 of which we have knowledge. As the virus or "seed" of the disease is 
 discharged from the infected animal, it is readily understood that the 
 diseased animal is the most important means of carrying the infection. 
 It is also recognized, and very extended experiments by Professor Hess 
 of Berne, Switzerland, prove, that animals that have recovered from the 
 disease are still able to transmit it for a variable length of time. Pro- 
 fessor Hess found that animals that had apparently recovered gave off 
 the germ of the disease five months later. Here, then, we have a carrier 
 exactly similar to the typhoid carriers, or the diphtheria spreaders, of 
 which you are all familiar. In addition to the diseased animals and 
 those that had apparently recovered the germs of the disease are trans- 
 mitted frequently on the clothing of men who are caring for them, and 
 by pigs, cats, and birds. As the germ is able to live for a considerable 
 length of time it can be carried on hay, grain, feed bags, or any other 
 articles that may come in contact with the diseased animal. Milk from 
 infected herds and milk cans that have come in contact with such animals 
 also spread the virns- It is necessary, therefore, that every article that 
 
11 
 
 may become contaminated by tlie diseased animals should be kept away 
 from sound cattle. 
 
 Although the cause oi' foot and mouth disease is not definitely known 
 it has been shown that it will be destroyed in the saliva of the diseased 
 animals when it is kept at a temperature of '.17 d(><;rees centitrrade for a 
 short time, but it has been known to retain its power to produce disease 
 for a period of several months when kept at zero temperature centigrade. 
 
 The economic importance of foot and mouth disease is not gener- 
 ally understood. Because it has a low mortality, people sometimes think 
 it is of not much importance. Professor Bang has pointed out that 
 where dairy cows recover, the cost from the loss of milk, etc., in Ger- 
 many, has been 50 marks (Twelve and one-half dollars). In the Nether- 
 lands it has been shown that it cost $30 for every sick animal that 
 recovered. Prof. Bang has pointed out that "there are many instances 
 of the disease developing a very malignant character, with a mortality 
 of from 5 to 50 per cent among adult animals, and from 50 to 80 per 
 cent among young animals. Malignant foot and mouth disease of this 
 kind is most apt to attack dirty and overcrowded farms, but they may 
 also occur under favorable hygienic conditions. The disease may also 
 occur in a very malignant form with numerous sudden deaths reminis- 
 cent of anthrax. Such epidemics have been observed in many different 
 countries, both in former and recent times. In 1839 2,000 head of 
 cattle died in the cantons of Berne and Fribourg in Switzerland; in 
 1872 in the French Department of Nievre, more than 20 per cent of the 
 calves and over 22 per cent of the pigs were destroyed by the disease 
 in the course of two months. In the summer of 1892 there died in 
 Bavaria, over 3,000 head of cattle, and in 1896 in Wurttemberg, 1,500; 
 at Barcelona, in Spain, there died in 1901 50 to 70 per cent of the 
 young cattle. In Transylvania 711 out of 7,498, or 9.4 per cent, were 
 destroyed in 1899." 
 
 He also mentions a number of other places in Europe where the 
 mortality ranged from 10 to 50 per cent. He then continues : 
 
 "However, it is not these apparently rare cases of great mor- 
 tality that cause the chief trouble. It is the acutely infectious 
 nature of the disease which makes it so serious. When it is left 
 alone it spreads to an enormous number of farms and with the 
 present quick and easy means of communication it might quite 
 easily extend to nearly all the farms of a country or province, with 
 the result that the aggregate of numerous small losses represents 
 in the end an enormous sum. Thus the loss suffered by Germany 
 in 1892, when over 1,300,000 head of cattle, over 2,000,000 sheep 
 and goats, and over 400,000 pigs were reported to be infected, was 
 estimated at over one hundred million marks ($25,000,000). And 
 this year, 1911, the loss is sure to be much greater." 
 
 The most important question before the people of the United States 
 is the method of control. There are but two methods that are possible, 
 namely, quarantine and eradication by slaughter. The quarantine 
 method is the one that is adopted in Europe, and after years of trial it 
 
1^ 
 
 was reported at the luteniational Congress at Baden Baden ]ii 1S9'J, 
 by Hess, of Berne, who stated : 
 
 "The diseased animals should be destroyed completely, includ- 
 ing the heads and hair, and the exposed slaughtered under police 
 supervision." 
 
 Dr. Cope, of England, speaking of an outbreak in that country, 
 says: 
 
 "It w^s eventually stamped out in the County of Kent by the 
 purchase, slaughter, and burial of several of the affected flocks." 
 Prof. Dammann, of Hanover, at the same Congress mentioned, 
 said: 
 
 "Without an absolute quarantine of the infected farms, pre- 
 venting even the movement of persons, the control of foot and 
 mouth disease is not to be thought of" ; "but this measure," he says, 
 "cannot be executed." 
 He further said that the 
 
 "very severe requirements of the sanitary law has not succeeded 
 in eradicating the disease, and notwithstanding the quarantine of 
 the infected stables, reinforced in many cases by the quarantine of 
 districts and even of a large zone around these ; notwithstanding the 
 very extended prohibition of animal markets and the supervision 
 exercised over the abattiors, dealers, stables, and railroad cars, the 
 disease continued to prevail." 
 
 We have, then, the evidence that in countries where the disease has 
 grown up its control has been found to be impossible through any quar- 
 antine that can be imposed, and in place of this Europeans have recom- 
 mended slaughter of infected and exposed animals and a thorough dis- 
 infection of tiie infected premises. 
 
 In view of the unsatisfactory experience in Europe under the quar- 
 antine system, this government adopted the policy of permitting erad- 
 ication by means of the slaughter of the infected and exposed animals. 
 This was first applied in the outbreak in 1884 in Portland, Me. ; it 
 was successfully employed in the 1902 outbreak in ISTew England, and 
 in the 1908 outbreak. It is this method that the government has adopted 
 in the present most serious of all outbreaks in the United States. It 
 has been largely successful and it is believed that it will be entirely so. 
 There seems to be no other way by which this disease can be rooted out 
 of the country, other than to destroy every carrier of the virus and the 
 disinfection of all contaminated places. It should be clearly under- 
 stood that in eradicating this disease the first cost is the least. Should 
 foot and mouth disease be allowed to remain in any section of this 
 country it would cause a quarantine to be placed upon the whole coun- 
 try by other nations, and in this country it would very likely cause the 
 state or states in which the disease continued to remain, to be quar- 
 antined by other states. We cannot afford to have the disease in our 
 land. Thrice it has been entirely eradicated by this method, and there 
 is no reason to expect that for the fourth time it will not be entirely 
 removed from this country, and the lessons that I hope we have learned 
 from it will enable both states and Nation to adopt such measures in 
 the future as are necessary to forever keep it away. 
 
13 
 
 I thank you for 3-oui- kind attention and trust that these somewhat 
 rambling remarks on the nature and control of this disease may be of 
 some assistance to you. 
 
 QUESTIONS ASKED MR. MOORE. 
 
 Q. I would like to ask the doctor what effect this disease has on 
 sheep and horses? 
 
 A. Foot and mouth disease is a disease of the cloven-footed ani- 
 mals; they suffer more than the other animals. Horses are said to be 
 affected at times, but they are not so susceptible, apparently. Now, one 
 claims that these aninuils will contract the disease if they are infected, 
 but because of the habits of horses they have rarely become infected ; but 
 I believe it is generally considered a disease of cattle, sheep and swine. 
 
 Q. There is one school of scientists who believe that the only cure 
 and the only way to prevent the spread of this disease is by slaughter. 
 1 want to know whether there is another school of scientists, who, if 
 they were addressing a body such as this, would claim that it was not 
 necessary to slaughter the infected animals, but that the disease could 
 be cured and checked by quarantine? 
 
 A. I don't know of any body of that kind, ''i'lierc is this fact that 
 Dr. Law says, that he believed that if a quarantine sufficiently rigid to 
 prevent the escape of the virus from the infected premises could be 
 maintained long enough for any virus left on the recovered animals to 
 die out, that it would check the disease. It is difficult, in fact impos- 
 sible, to state what percentage of herds there would be in which the 
 subsequent infections would not develop, and under these conditions 
 he believes that the disease could be controlled by quarantine; but as 
 pointed out by Prof. Dammann and others, in a country where there is 
 a much better control of the people than in the United States, such a 
 quarantine is absolutely impossible. 
 Q. Who is Dr. Law? 
 
 -A. Dr. Law is at Ithaca. He came there in 18G8 and was pro- 
 fessor of veterinary medicine there until 1896, when he was appointed 
 dean of the veterinary college and held that position until six years 
 ago when he retired. He is now 76 years old. 
 Q. Did you succeed him? 
 
 A. I succeeded him as Dean of the College; yes, sir. 
 
 Me. Stevenson: Dr. C. J. Marshall, Professor of Veterinary 
 ]\[edicine, University of Pennsylvania, is recognized by all readers of 
 Live Stock Journals as authority on all matters pertaining to live stock 
 sanitation. He is peculiarly well fitted to address us today, inasmuch 
 as he has entirely eradicated the foot and mouth disease in the State of 
 Pennsylvania on two occasions. 
 
 APHTHOUS FEVER. 
 
 By C. J. Marshall, State Veterinarian, Pennsylvania. 
 
 In the fall of 1908, there was an outbreak of foot and mouth 
 
 disease in Pennsylvania. It originated in Michigan and was carried to 
 
 various parts of Pennsylvania by cattle shipped from Buffalo. There 
 
14t 
 
 were eight separate and distinct points of infection received about the 
 same time. The infection extended over an area of 100 miles in length 
 . and in the part of the state where animal husbandry is most extensively 
 practiced. The infection was found on 100 farms, 1,320 head of cattle, 
 877 swine, 52 sheep and 3 goats were diseased or exposed to the infec- 
 tion. They were appraised at $57,702.49, promptly killed, buried, and 
 the premises were disinfected. The cost of disinfection averaged about 
 $100 per herd. All told this outbreak cost a little over $86,000. The 
 Federal Bureau of Animal Industry and the state paid the balance. It 
 required three months to stamp out the disease. 
 
 The state was then free from aphthous fever for a period of six 
 years. In the fall of 1914 another outbreak occurred which was much 
 more extensive. Two herds were quarantined in Lancaster County on 
 October 23. One affected animal was discovered in the Pittsburgh stock 
 yards on the same date. These yards were quarantined on the 24th of 
 October. Since that time the disease has been found in 27 counties on 
 about 650 farms. We have destroyed something over 10,000 head of 
 cattle and 6,000 hogs. The total expense will rim close to $750,000. 
 
 The plan adopted in the previous outbreak was to locate diseased 
 herds, place them in quarantine, appraise all cloven-footed animals on 
 the premises at full market value whether diseased or not, kill and bury 
 them under 6 feet of earth, disinfect the premises and hold the premises 
 in quarantine for six weeks after the disinfection. This work was all 
 done in a period of three months. Some did not agree fully with this 
 policy_, yet there was no serious objections that delayed or hindered in 
 any way the progress of the work. There were not sufficient funds in 
 the treasury at the beginning of the outbreak to meet the obligations. 
 The money was promptly appropriated by the legislature. The Federal 
 and state governments were able to pay all just claims in a short time. 
 The management of the outbreak was satisfactory to all parties 
 concerned. 
 
 When the present outbreak occurred the members of the State 
 Live Stock Sanitary Board voted unanimously to handle it practically 
 in the same manner that had been successfully followed in the previous 
 trouble. There has been very little opposition to the work of eradication 
 tliis time. The only object in nearly every case has been to clean out 
 and clean up as soon as possible. The work has progressed rapidly. At 
 the present time there are but four known infected herds in the State. 
 These we hope to bury and finish all the disinfection by the end of 
 this week. 
 
 We are in entire sympathy with this plan of handling the disease 
 and approve fully of what the Bureau of Animal Industry is doing to 
 exterminate it. It may be possible to work out some better plan to 
 handle future outbreaks if they should occur. 
 
 With the work so nearly completed in all infected states we feel 
 that it would be a mistake to adopt any other plan at present. We 
 realize that the disease is not highly fatal and that recovery will take 
 place in a high percentage of cases' without even a learned course of 
 treatment. It is one of the most highly contagious diseases of cloven- 
 footed animals and while the death rate is comparatively low the losses 
 to animal industry are considerable. The disease has gained a foothold 
 in nearly all European countries and it is practically impossible for 
 
15 
 
 them to adopt our method for exterminating it. All countries except 
 the liriti^h Isles handle it by close quarantine. It is necessary to hold 
 infected lierds in quarantine for something over three months. A recent 
 investigator in the Netherlands, where the disease is common, has shown 
 that it costs practically $20 per head in each infected herd to handle the 
 disease in quarantine. This is the best they can do after many years 
 of experience in trying to control it by the quarantine method. Their 
 expense is figured on the loss in milk production, loss in condition of 
 meat producing animals, loss from work in oxen, death from the 
 disease, and extra care given to those that are sick. It is doubtful if 
 a herd owner in this country could afford to have aphthous fever in 
 his herd for $20 per head. If this method were adopted there would 
 be constant unrest in the neighborhood. It would be necessary to 
 increase the inspection force to locate new centers of infection. The 
 quarantined herds should be under constant Federal or state super- 
 vision. Neither the state nor Federal Government could be expected 
 to remunerate the owners for losses sustained during the course of the 
 disease. It has been demonstrated in all foreign countries that this 
 method will not exterminate the disease. We cannot hope to do some- 
 thing that they have failed to accomplish. It will take us years to 
 develop veterinary sanitary police regulations for handling aphthous 
 fever by the quarantine method that is as good as theirs. We cannot 
 'afford to even experiment with it. It would be a calamity to the cattle, 
 swine, and sheep industry of this country to have this disease get beyond 
 our control. 
 
 Every state should be prepared with laws, rules, regulations, agents, 
 and money to fight aphthous fever, rinderpest and all other trans- 
 missible diseases of live stock. The fight should be determined and 
 persistent. A herd owner should not be a menace to his neighbors and 
 no state should send aphthous fever, hog cholera, tuberculosis, glanders, 
 etc., to other states to jeopardize their live stock interests. This can be 
 prevented to a great extent if each state will do its part. It can't be 
 done without efficient official supervision and a strong public sentiment 
 on the part of herd owners in favor of genuine cooperation with Federal, 
 state, and local authorities. 
 
 Mr. Stevenson : There is no man in the State of Illinois, whose 
 influence goes farther than that of Dr. Mumford, Professor of Animal 
 Husbandry, at the University of Illinois. I am a farmer myself and for 
 six years 1 have gone to Champaign for two weeks each winter to listen 
 to his lectures on stock raising. I feel I can say without exaggeration 
 that the breeders and feeders who have followed his advice during the 
 last few vears have now profited greatly. 
 
 A CEISIS IN THE FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE SITUATION. 
 
 By H. W. MuMFOKi), Professor of Animal Husbandry, University of 
 
 Illinois. 
 
 (Communication from the Agricultural Experiment Station, Uni- 
 versity of Illinois.) 
 
 There are two sides to every question upon which men differ honestly 
 and at present there are differences of opinion between many of the 
 
16 
 
 cattle owners on one side and the Federal Bureau of Animal Industry 
 and Illinois Live Stock Commission on the other regarding the best 
 method of combating foot and mouth disease. The Agricultural Experi- 
 ment Station recognizes that this is a crisis and feels that a clear state- 
 ment of both sides may aid the public generally to a better understanding 
 of the present situation. 
 
 A brief outline of preceding events may serve as an introduction 
 to this statement. Spreading from a single point in Michigan the foot 
 and mouth disease was distributed from New England to Montana 
 within a month and it was plain that if not checked it would reach 
 practically every herd in the country within a short time. 
 
 The Federal Bureau of Animal Industry and the various State 
 Live Stock Commissions who are charged with handling such matters 
 were not organized to control an outbreak of such magnitude. At that 
 time there were but few men in the United States available as inspectors 
 who had ever seen a case of this disease. Under such circumstances it 
 is to be expected that mistakes in diagnosis would be made. Starting in 
 late October with what seemed a practically hopeless situation the centers 
 of infection have been located and removed until the general situation 
 is now well in hand and there is little uncertainty as to the outcome 
 except in the State of Illinois. Here the infection had been heaviest 
 and something over 500 herds have been destroyed in combating the 
 disease in this State. Of the herds reported diseased less than 25 
 remained alive on January 18, in addition to the National Dairy Show 
 cattle held in quarantine for experimental purposes. 
 
 Where even a single animal was found diseased the entire herd has 
 been slaughtered and the Federal authorities have agreed to pay one- 
 half of the appraised value of the slaughtered animals, there being an 
 understanding, but no legal provision, that the State would pay the other 
 half. The large financial loss incident to this slaughter and the uncer- 
 tainty created in the minds of other cattle owners as to the possibility 
 of their being the next victims have created a very panicky feeling in 
 many communities. 
 
 The cattle owners feel that they have been made to bear unneces- 
 sary burdens by this program of universal slaughter. They point out 
 that in many of the herds, particularly in the National Dairy Show 
 cattle, the effect of the disease is so slight as to be hardly noticeable to 
 the casual observer and the death rate has been extremely low. They 
 urge that a way be provided for saving the cattle, particularly in the 
 cases where the herds represent the results of years of careful breeding. 
 
 There is also dissatisfaction on the financial side. The appraised 
 values, while not seriously below the market value of the ordinary ani- 
 mal, do not cover the breeding value of the animal or the disorganization 
 of the farm business which has resulted from the destruction of the 
 herds. The latter is especially important upon the dairy farms where 
 the farm plan calls for a herd to consume the forage. Where the cattle 
 are destroyed they cannot be replaced under present conditions both 
 because the traffic in cattle is stopped and because it would be unwise to 
 at once restock the infected farms. Accordingly the crops can not be 
 consumed upon these farms as usual. On the other hand, there is no 
 market for these forage crops because of the danger that they may trans- 
 mit the disease. As a result of the loss of their cattle and the market 
 
17 
 
 for their crops such dairy farmers are losiiiij Ix^ivily. if not facing actual 
 financial ruin. 
 
 Neither does, this valuation cover tiie accessory expense and inconve- 
 nience incident to the destruction of the herds. In some instances weeks 
 have elapsed between the date of diagnosis and slaughter and another 
 long period before the final disinfection of the premises. During this 
 time a strict quarantine was maintained which hampered the people 
 upon the farm and prevented obtaining assistance for the necessary farm 
 operations. This quarantine has been continued in a modified form long 
 after the final disinfection. Finally the money promised by the govern- 
 ment has not yet been paid and the State has as yet had no opportunity 
 to provide for payment of the other half. 
 
 However, the foot and mouth disease must be recognized as one of 
 the most costly animal scourges. In many herds in this State the disease 
 has appeared in a mild form and consequently many stockmen have not 
 I'ealized the seriousness of the outbreak. The fact is that when stripped 
 of all exaggeration it far exceeds either tuberculosis or contagious abor- 
 tion in the havoc which it works and the ease with which it is spread. 
 It produces little or no immunity so that ravages of the disease occur at 
 short intervals. With the present narrow margin of profit in the meat 
 and milk business, the carrying of the additional burden of foot and 
 mouth disease would be impossible without a rise in the price of both 
 milk and meat. Accordingly if the disease became general the burden 
 of this new state of affairs would fall not only upon the farmers, but 
 upon the consumers as well. Since the various elements of cost have 
 now forced meat to an almost prohibitive price, there is reason to expect 
 that this added cost would seriously cripple if not practically destroy the 
 fat stock industry of this country. There is no question, therefore, but 
 that it would be good business policy to spend vastly more than the 
 present struggle has cost rather than settle down to foot and mouth 
 disease as an added burden to the animal industry of these United States. 
 
 The objection to quarantine as a method of combating the disease 
 is that it is both difficult and expensive to maintain, especially when the 
 disease is so extremely contagious. Such a quarantine is now being 
 maintained in connection with the Dairy Show cattle at Chicago and 
 notwithstanding the unusual value of the aninuils the expense has been 
 so great that it is a question whether the owners would not have been 
 better off had they accepted the appraised value of the cattle in the 
 regular way and submitted to slaughter at the beginning of the outbreak. 
 On an ordinary dairy farm the expense of maintaining an efficient 
 quarantine coupled with the difficulty in marketing the product would 
 make the quarantine method of handling this disease more expensive 
 than the present slaughter method. The apparent recovery of the Dairy 
 Show herd has been so frequently referred to as a successful result of 
 the quarantine method of handling the disease that it seems desirable 
 to point out that the careful and rigid quarantine maintained and the 
 sanitary and professional care with which the cattle have been surrounded 
 would be absolutely impossible on the average farm. 
 
 Even where quarantines are carefully conducted they become a 
 menace to the surrounding farms because the infection can be carried in 
 
 ^2 F M 
 
18 
 
 • 
 
 a mechanical way by birds and by hunters as well as by cats, dogs, rats, 
 mice, and rabbits. The difficulty of maintaining an effective quarantine 
 is such that any attempt to do so on a large number of farms would be 
 practically equivalent to abandoning the effort to eradicate the disease. 
 
 The present outbreak of foot and mouth disease does not differ from 
 those which have preceded it in any way except in being originally more 
 widespread and consequently more difficult to suppress. The method of 
 procedure which is now being employed is precisely that which has been 
 successful in suppressing previous outbreaks and the results thus far 
 attained indicate that the present outbreak can be controlled by this 
 means. 
 
 Under such circumstances it seems the plain duty of all who have 
 the welfare of the live stock interests at heart to unite in supporting the 
 effort to eradicate foot and- mouth disease from this countrv. 
 
 Me. Stevenson: Dr. S. E. Bennett represents the United States 
 Bureau of Animal Industry and is now in charge of the work of the 
 Federal Government in the State of Illinois. 
 
 In response to a request from the Governor and the Live Stock 
 Board he has agreed to tell us the Federal Government's attitude in 
 this matter. 
 
 Dr. S. E. Bennett, Inspector for the United States Bureau of Animal 
 
 Industry in Illinois. 
 
 Mr. Chairman : This is one of the greatest pleasures of my life — 
 to be here this afternoon. Now, I have always wanted to go into some 
 legislative hall and look over the members of the Legislature. I have 
 had the impression that legislators — from cartoons I have seen and 
 articles I have read about you — were men going about seeking whom 
 they might devour, and a great many of you, from the newspapers and 
 cartoons, may have the same impression of us. I am agreeably surprised 
 this afternoon to see so many bright and intelligent faces. 
 
 I am here to represent the United States Government, but would 
 rather be out in the field working than doing this. The policy of the 
 United States Government has always been, in matters of this kind, 
 very radical, and I think I am one of the most radical representatives 
 they have. 
 
 It has been my good fortune, or misfortune, to have "butted" into 
 three outbreaks of the foot and mouth disease. I was sent to Massachu- 
 setts at one time, and had been there only a short time when the foot 
 and mouth disease broke out, and wherever I was sent they had an out- 
 break of that disease. 
 
 Afterwards I was sent back West, and was on a trip East and 
 stopped in Buffalo, six years later, where they had another outbreak of 
 the foot and mouth disease. I had a nice easy job in Indiana, and last 
 fall they transferred me to Chicago. I was thinking what a nice time I 
 M^as going to have in Mr. Shurtleff's district, getting rid of tuberculosis, 
 and then I ran into the foot and mouth disease again. 
 
19 
 
 Generally the policy we have adopted ha? heen a radical one. We 
 think the only thino- to do in a case of this kind, is to slaughter and have 
 a very strict quarantine. We know, of course, it causes a fjroat many 
 people a <xood deal of inconvenience. We do not contend that this 
 disease is necossnrily fatal. Statistics show that ordinary forms of the 
 disease prohnhly kill ahout 3 per cent of the animals infected. That is 
 not the question. The question we are contendinfi with rio^ht now is 
 whether we want another animal disease in this country that causes Buch 
 an enormous loss. We have various diseases that affect the live ptock — 
 tuberculosis, anthrax, measles, and hog cholera — and various other dis- 
 eases that affect live stock in this coiintry. You perhaps do not know 
 that ahout 15 per cent of all hogs that go to Chicago are affected with 
 tuberculosis; 6 per cent of all cattle that go there are affected with 
 tuberculosis, and that 3 per cent of all cattle are affected with measles. 
 It has been estimated that the outbreaks of cholera have cost the swine 
 breeders of this country about $65,000,000 per year. We do not think we 
 need another disease in this country at all ; we think we have all we can 
 handle and pay for, and what we are trying to do right now is to prevent 
 the foot and mouth disease from getting a permanent foothold. You have 
 heard from the other gentlemen that this is a serious proposition, although 
 it docs not kill the animal except in a few instances, and we have come 
 to the conclusion that quarantine in a country as free as ours is prac- 
 tically impossible. You cannot get a farmer to tie up his cattle and 
 take the necessary precautions that are required to keep this disease in 
 check. He will get away from it in spite of anything you can do. That 
 has been the experience of all the countries where this disease has been 
 found. It will he our experience. We have not the sanitary police 
 organizations that they have in other countries. We have been successful 
 in coping with the disease heretofore, and have stamped it out in every 
 instance. We have just now the largest outbreak we have ever had ; it 
 has appeared in 18 states, and in the State nf Illinois alone we have 
 slaughtered 539 herds of cattle. It appeared in 53 counties. Thirty- 
 three have already been cleaned out and we are working in the other 
 counties. We are inconvenienced a little in this work at the present 
 time, owing to a little unpleasantness, but hope to have that adjusted 
 pretty soon. We are also having isolated cases reported here and there, 
 h\^t most of the difficulty is now in three counties, where we have met 
 with the most opposition. It is not our intention, gentlemen, to anta- 
 gonize the farmers. Of course, in a great many instances they have 
 received bad advice and they have not come, probably, to the proper place 
 to get straightened out, but in every instnnce where we have had an 
 opportunity to talk with these farmers and explain our object we have 
 had no difficulty with them. We have assured them that they will get 
 their money from the government, and we have assured them that any 
 property we destroy in the matter of cleaning and disinfecting, any feed 
 and fodder that belongs to them, they will be reimbursed for. and when 
 they understand it in that wav, we discover that they as a rule are a 
 pretty good bunch of people. They realize the importance of this thing. 
 I know it looks pretty hard, and probably I understand as well as anv- 
 body what it means to a live stock producer to have a fine herd of cattle 
 led out and slaughtered, hut at the same time it means a whole lot more 
 to a great many other people in case we do not eradicate this disease. 
 
20 
 
 And when we think of the enormous value of the live stock interest in 
 this country, if it costs the United States Government $50,000,000 to 
 eradicate the foot and mouth disease, the money is well expended. For 
 this reason we must have cooperation from all sides, and we must have 
 hearty cooperation. If the farmers are badly advised by people that 
 probably do not have their interests at heart, only to a certain extent, it 
 necessarily works a hardship upon them, as well as everybody else. We 
 have an example of that in Bureau County at the present time. From 
 all indications from what the farmer has told us he had the disease 
 about six weeks ago. It was not reported and his cattle became sick 
 again. He got cold feet on the proposition and sent for some one, and 
 now he is convinced that there is something to the disease. We have 
 this information from him. He tells us the cattle are in the shape now 
 that they were about six weeks ago, and in several instances we have 
 learned of herds being covered up and not being reported, and that may 
 account for the outbreaks we are having now. There may be some 
 source of infection that we do not know about; that isn't anything to 
 the farmers credit in my estimation, and he necessarily handicaps his 
 neighbors, and may become a menace to the whole United States. I 
 would rather inconvenience some people for two or three months than 
 to inconvenience the rest of the United States for the rest of its life. 
 I would like to see the members get together and push this thing 
 along, and I think you can eradicate the foot and mouth disease in very 
 short order. 
 
 QUESTIONS PEOPOUNDED TO MR. BENNETT, WITH 
 
 ANSWERS. 
 
 Q. Are, those animals that are affected with the disease ever driven 
 to the market for human consumption ? 
 
 A. We have found affected cattle in the Union Stock Yards at 
 Chicago; yes. 
 
 Q. I realize they are subject to Federal regulation, but where it 
 gets to the market, is it fit for human consumption? 
 
 A. No, we deem it as unfit for food. 
 
 Q. What becomes of the 15 per cent of hogs that are affected with 
 tuberculosis ? 
 
 A. They are handled under the Bureau of Regulation. 
 
 Q. What effect does the weather have on this- disease? 
 
 A. Cold weather has a tendency to slow the disease up, it does not 
 develop so rapidly as it does in warm weather. I remember reading of 
 one case where they said the virus had remained active for nine months 
 at a freezing temperature. Our object in handling this disease, is to 
 kill the cattle, get them under ground, and clean and disinfect the 
 premises as soon as possible, and to prevent movements just as much 
 as possible of any live stock in infected territories. One of the worst 
 things we have to contend with in the foot and mouth disease, is prob- 
 ably the class of men who do not realize the importance of it ; he does 
 not realize how infectious a disease he has to deal with. If his neigh- 
 bor's cattle have become affected he naturally sympathizes with him and 
 goes over to his neighbor's farm, thoughtlessly perhaps, and wants to 
 give his cattle the "once over." 
 
21 
 
 Q. What regulation has been necessary in interstate shipments from 
 a district that has had the infection? 
 
 A. Tlie present regulation in Illinois is that from the portion of 
 the State that is in quarantine, no interstate sliipments are permitted. 
 
 Q. Where the infection is stopped, how long is it before shipments 
 can take place again? 
 
 A. After we have cleaned and disinfected and completed our inspec- 
 tion, it is 60 days after disinfection. 
 
 Q. Then, inasmuch as the loss would fall on all of the taxpayers 
 of Illinois, has there been any recommendations as to the stock feeders 
 buying and bringing in any new cattle? 
 
 A. We do not bring in any feeders in the quarrantined area of 
 Illinois; there are no feeders brought into the affected area. We do not 
 think it is advisable to bring in cattle that we might have to buy 
 ourselves. 
 
 Q. There are cattle brought in of this class? 
 
 A. None being brought in from outside of the State. 
 
 Q. It is the recommendation that no more cattle be bought until 
 the disease has been eradicated? 
 
 A. It Avould appear to me that that would be the only policy on 
 the part of the men in the feeding business. I wouldn't think of 
 putting my money into it if I thought I would have to sell at less than 
 I bought for. If the government would pay me more, I might do it. 
 
 Q. Who has done the slaughtering, the Federal Government of 
 the State? 
 
 A. The Federal Government has been doing most of the slaugh- 
 tering. 
 
 Q. Have they done all, or only part of it? 
 
 A. The State inspectors have done some. 
 
 Q. What per cent? 
 
 A. I couldn't tell you that. 
 
 Q. Approximately? 
 
 A. I couldn't tell you that. 
 
 Q. By the authority of the Federal Government, or of this State? 
 
 A. You understand we haven't any authority to slaughter in this 
 State — the Federal Government has no authority to slaughter cattle in 
 the State of Illinois. 
 
 Q. It is a fact, however, that the Federal Government has slaufrhtered 
 a majority of those that have been slaughtered in the State of Illinois? 
 
 A. Yes, sir; and that is with the agreement between the Federal 
 Government and the State authorities and with the owners. When we 
 appraise a lot of cattle, the owners sign an agreement and release on 50 
 per cent of the valuation which he expects to get from the government. 
 
 Q. I have been told by some farmers down in my section of the 
 country who claim to be eye witnesses, that after the infected stock had 
 been killed, that for a period of from six to ten weeks no disinfecting 
 had been done? 
 
 A. I don't know of any instances of that kind. 
 
 Q. It certainly would be some fault there if the stock had been 
 killed and the process of cleaning up the premises immediately had not 
 been followed out? 
 
22 
 
 A. I don't know of any instances where premises were left six or 
 eight or ten weeks. Our policy is to clean up the premises as soon as 
 we can get to it. There may have been some delay. We have now in 
 the State of Illinois about 600 men cleaning and disinfecting, and we 
 have 12 veterinarians working with them, and we have killed cattle on 
 539 premises. Thirty-three counties are already cleaned and disinfected. 
 It is quite a job, especially at this time of the year. If you have had any 
 experience in work of this kind yourself you will realize what a proposi- 
 tion it is. I was in one county when the thermometer registered 29 
 degrees below zero, and you can imagine what a proposition it was to 
 keep a spray pump going in that climate. The boys have been working 
 right along doing the work as fast as they can. 
 
 Q. What percentage of the infection is removed by the slaughter of 
 the herd? 
 
 A. You remove the active infection there at the time you get them 
 underground, and also you prevent further infection from the saliva 
 dropping into the troughs, in the acute stage of the disease, and prevents 
 the virus from being carried on the attendant's feet to other places, and 
 when the government has killed the cattle, every precaution has been 
 taken to check it until we come up to clean the premises. 
 
 Q. But the slaughter of the animals removes a very large per cent 
 of the infection? 
 
 A. Yes, it removes a very large percentage of the infection and the 
 chance of carrying the infection. 
 
 Q. If the buried animal should become uncovered would there be 
 danger of infection from it again? 
 
 A. We put them down about 7 feet and cover them with quick lime, 
 when we bury them; we figure there is about 5 feet of earth over them. 
 
 Q. Have you buried any ? 
 
 A. We have burned some and that is all right. We did that 12 
 years ago in Vermont. We have had cases where we had to use dynamite 
 in order to get into the ground, it has been so cold. We used that 
 method with 62 cattle in Vermont. I don't like the thing myself, because 
 it is a very nasty thing to start with. The cattle have to be opened and 
 the internal organs taken out, and the carcasses quartered, and you can 
 imagine what kind of a mess that would make on the farm. Ordinarily 
 speaking, that is not the method we would use in dealing with this 
 disease. 
 
 Q. What is the total loss up to date? 
 
 A. For the State of Illinois? 
 
 Q. Yes. 
 
 A. The present valuation in Illinois to date is $1,200,000 for the 
 entire live stock. 
 
 Q. One-half of which is paid? 
 
 A. One-half of which is paid, yes. 
 
 Q. Isn't it true that the State and Federal officials have been work- 
 ing in complete harmony in the effort of stamping out this disease? 
 
 A. Yes, sir, they have been working in harmony right along. 
 
 Q. There has been no friction? 
 
 A. There has been friction over minor points, biit we have adjusted 
 those. 
 
23 
 
 Q. Tn what way do they disinfect themselves — the men who do this 
 woik and go from one place to another? 
 
 A. We provide each one of these helpers with a uniform — with over- 
 alls and jumpers — and they are instructed, in cleaning and disinfecting 
 premises, to leave those overalls on the premises where they are working 
 until they are througli ; when they go home at night they are left there. 
 Then, their shoes are disinfected and they are ])ermitted to go home. In 
 going to the next farm, all this clothing is taken and placed in a con- 
 tainer of some kind and thoroughly fumigated before they are taken to 
 the next place. Our inspectors in the field are provided with rubber 
 coats, hats, gloves and boots. When they make an inspection, on your 
 farm, for instance, before proceeding to another farm, whether they 
 found infection or not, their hats, gloves and boots. would be disinfected 
 in a bichloride of mercury solution. They would do this whether they 
 found any infection or not. They do it on any farm, and we do that to 
 prevent criticism. We are criticized sufhciently anyway. We go on the 
 assumption ihat if the disease broke out on a particular farm after our 
 inspector had been there, he would certainly be blamed for bringing it 
 there, and for that reason we take that precaution. 
 
 Q. Is it true that in any instance they permit people to take swine 
 out of the herds for the meat, before they decide to slaughter them? 
 
 A. That perhaps would be permitted under certain circumstances — 
 for instance, we go onto your premises and you have, say 50 cattle and 
 some 30 hogs. If there were some of those hogs that did not show signs 
 of the disease, we would not object to your killing a couple of them. 
 
 Q. I am asking you this question chiefly because some of the people 
 down in my country have gotten the idea that it is not dangerous and 
 that it is not bad, and that it is not really contageous, and I wanted to 
 know whether, permitting them to do that, would spread the disease? 
 
 A. I know, in the Northern part of the State, where w^e were going 
 to kill some cattle and hogs, the farmer asked me if he could have a 
 couple of those hogs for his own use, and I told him I s^w no objection. 
 We made a very careful examination of them before slaughtering, and 
 we told him we saw no objection to it at all. If I thought there would 
 be any objection or any chance of infection, I would not for a minute 
 submit to it. 
 
 Q. I asked this question because it has raised a feeling against the 
 slaughter of the diseased animals in my county. It has led our people 
 to feel it is not so bad and that slaughter is not necessary. They do 
 not apparently understand the situation. 
 
 A. That is one time when we thought we were doing the farmer a 
 favor, and weren't, I guess. 
 
 Q. How long a period of time must elapse before the farm can be 
 restocked ? 
 
 A. We recommend 60 days after disinfection. I have made some 
 experiments along that line and one time I put some cows in the barn 
 five days afterwards, to see how it worked out. 
 
 Q. What happened? 
 
 A. They stayed healthy. 
 
 Q. Now, I understand, and I have been informed by others, that 
 this disease starts in the hoof and infection is caused in the mouth 
 through the licking of their hoofs? It that right? 
 
34 . 
 
 A. No, there is nothing to that at all. There are a great many 
 instances where these vesicles develop in the mouth, and you do not 
 find foot lesions at all. 
 
 Q. That was for my own information. 
 
 A. Yes, but there is nothing to that at all. On the. matter of re- 
 stocking, we specify 60 days; we think it is absolutely safe after that 
 time. There might be a spot in the disinfecting that the men might 
 possibly have overlooked. We depend on nature to some extent to help 
 us out with it. We don't mean to overlook any dark spots or corners, 
 but we might do it, and for that reason we specify that length of time. 
 
 Q. In the matter of quarantine, how long should the premises 
 remain quarantined after the stock has been slaughtered, disposed of 
 and the disinfection has taken place ? 
 
 A. We are perfectly willing to leave that to the farmer, after we 
 are through with it. We fumigate and disinfect the premises, and the 
 rest will have to be left to you. 
 
 Q. What would be the length of time that the premises would remain 
 in quarantine after these affected herds had been disposed of and the 
 affected premises had been cleaned up, — for what length of time after 
 that process had been completed would the place remain in quarantine? 
 
 A. After we had located all the diseased herds, which we do just 
 as quick as we can possibly do it, we make a house to house canvass in 
 that vicinity within a three or five mile radius and make our inspection. 
 After that, if we found no disease anywhere in the county, it could be 
 released from quarantine. 
 
 Q. Then it would be within the time which you require to make 
 such inspection? 
 
 A. It would depend entirely upon the speed with which we would 
 make the inspection. 
 
 Q. If you could make that in a week, that would be the length of 
 time? 
 
 A. No, 15 days between inspections, and we usually make two 
 inspections, so that the shortest time would be 30 days. 
 
 Q. In your judgment, doctor, within 30 days after a county has 
 been cleaned out, that county might be safely released from quarantine ? 
 
 A. Yes, sir, if we found nothing in that county to indicate that it 
 was infected, that would be the time.. 
 
 Q. What is the period between the exposure of the animal to the 
 disease and the active manifestation of the disease? 
 
 A. That varies, from three to five days. We know of cases where 
 it has gone 26 days. I know of one case under my own observation 
 where it went 15 days, and I know of one instance where it developed 
 34 hours after exposure. 
 
 Q. Doctor, isn't it a fact that the premises of these farmers will 
 disinfect themselves in the summer time when the temperature is high 
 and there is a good deal of sunlight ? 
 
 A. Yes, that is the idea; we think sunlight and air are the best 
 agents we have for that kind of work. 
 
 Q. Then, the winter time would be favorable to the deyelopment 
 of the disease? 
 
25 
 
 A. No, it is not; in the protected places the cold weather slows 
 up the disease. In the summertime it will develop faster, but in those 
 surfaces exposed to the sunlight its development will be retarded, but 
 in other places where there is no sunlight, it will not be slowed up. 
 The disease is slowed up in the winter time in these protected places. 
 
 Q. Do you know the cause of the foot and mouth disease? 
 
 A. I do not. I do not know of a preventative, except to get rid 
 of it. 
 
 Q. How many "curealls" have been suggested since this disease 
 has come out? 
 
 A. I couldn't figure it. i have a file on that, labeled the "Nut 
 file." 
 
 Q. Is this disease plain enough so that every veterinarian can diag- 
 nose it plainly? 
 
 A. Ordinary cases are easy to diagnose ; that is, the foot and mouth 
 disease that you would recognize if you saw it once — the foot and mouth 
 disease we all know. There are various forms of foot and mouth disease 
 that might fool the most expert. 
 
 Q. Mistakes can sometimes be made then in the diagnosis? 
 
 A. A^eterinarians are human, you know. 
 
 Q. I presume so. 
 
 A. Yes, that is one of the earmarks of the human being, they are 
 liable to err, you know. 
 
 Q. How long after a case is diagnosed usually elapses before the 
 slaughter of a herd of cattle? 
 
 A. Just as soon as we can have the work done. 
 
 Q. Do you allow a certain time to confirm your diagnosis? 
 
 A. Yes, as a rule we do. My instructions have been to get the hole 
 started, because I would rather pay for the hole than I would for the 
 cattle. If a mistake has been made we just have to put the dirt back 
 into the hole. I have done that at times. I remember in one outbreak 
 I paid for the digging of three holes. 
 
 Q. When you did not slaughter? 
 
 A. When there was no slaughter. We found the disease had not 
 developed there sufficiently for us to kill the. animals. 
 
 Q. Paid for the hole and not for the cattle? 
 
 A. Paid for the hole and not for the cattle. 
 
 Q. Do you always use quicklime? 
 
 A, We always use quicklime ; at least that is what we are supposed 
 to get; that is what the instructions are — to use quicklime. 
 
 Q. You never use any fonu of slacked lime? 
 
 A. No, not that I know of. Their instructions are to get quicklime 
 for that work. 
 
 Q. Have you ever used slacked lime, doctor? 
 
 A. We prefer quick lime. 
 
 Q. As a matter of fact, slacked lime would not do a bit of good, 
 would it? 
 
 A. I don't know whether it would or not. We like quicklime, 
 because it is a better burner, and bums the carcasses very quickly. 
 
 Q. Does the foot and mouth disease develop in the human family? 
 
 A. I have never seen a case of it myself, but they claim it does 
 develop in the human family. The danger would be in that case that 
 
26 • 
 
 the milk would be infected coming from these infected animals, and by 
 the milk cans coming in contact with the vehicles and the milk becoming 
 contaminated in that way. 
 
 Q. Can you ever trace the disease from one farm to another. 
 
 A. I wouldn't want to pin that right down to as fine a point as 
 that; I wouldn't say that a man had gone to his neighbor's farm and 
 then gone back to his own, but I would tell you of an instance when 
 1 was in Massachusetts, where we had a stall of 103 cows, and wherever 
 the cows went, we killed the cattle on the premises. I know of another 
 instance where a young man in Massachusetts was called in to look at a 
 cow. This was on Sunday. . He did not suspect foot and mouth disease, 
 and treated her as the symptoms seemed to indicate and went back 
 home. They called me up on Monday and I went out there and found 
 we had foot and mouth disease, and at the end of that day I found 60 
 cases of it, and at the end of the second day, 113. I called him up at 
 his father's farm, of which he had charge. His father had 60 cows. I 
 told him what I had found, and told him to go back home and take a 
 look at his cows, and it later developed that foot and mouth disease 
 made its appearance among his father's entire herd. 
 
 Q. Have you found that some proportion of the infection were 
 caused by the use of diseased or infected cholera serum? 
 
 A. Not the serum. We have instances where virus had caused 
 outbreaks of the foot and mouth disease. 
 
 Q. How many cases or what proportion? 
 
 A. Forty-two cases were found. 
 
 Q. In the entire State? 
 
 A. In the entire State. 
 
 Q. How many of those cases were from Mercer County? 
 
 A. I do not know the number of cases. 
 
 Q. What later cases were infected from that source? 
 
 A. I should judge 20 affected herds in Mercer County; I don't 
 know what the percentage was in Mercer County. The most of it in 
 Mercer, Henderson and Warren came through tlie virus, as I understand 
 it. There were 65 herds in those three counties. 
 
 Q. How many herds have you got that were affected in McLean 
 County ? 
 
 A. Fourteen in McLean County. 
 
 Q. Is there any medical treatment that would relieve the disease? 
 
 A. The disease will usually run its course, as a rule, in about 15 
 days. It does not need much treatment. That is not the contention, 
 you know. We don't claim these animals won't rnake a kind of recovery. 
 We are simply trying to prevent the introduction of a new disease in 
 this country that is going to cost an enormous sum of monev if it ever 
 gets a foothold here. 
 
 Q. Do you know whether or not they used virus on those farms in 
 McLean County? 
 
 A. I think possibly that you had two cases produced by virus there. 
 
 Q. Do you recommend the virus treatment for hogs? 
 
 A. Yes, sir, they use the virus for them. 
 
 Q. In the preparation of this plan the great question of the people 
 of Chicago — and it has spread widely over the city — is that in taking 
 these bogs tg the yards to make this virus, is it possible that the hogs 
 
27 
 
 were affected with the chnliMii at tlie time, and also the Toot and mouth 
 disease? Or did the veterinary or inspecting agent say it was cholera 
 when it was actually the foot and mouth disease? 
 
 A. The chances are the hogs had been exposed to the foot and mouth 
 disease and also had cholera, but the disease had not developed. 
 
 Q. What is your opinion of treating effectively the dairy herd of 
 cattle now in the stock yards? 
 
 A. I don't know. I don't know a thing about those cattle. I saw 
 the first one that was taken out, but I haven't seen them since. I haven't 
 been in that barn at all. 
 
 Q. Is it advisable for farmers to disinfect their premises where they 
 have not been declared affected? 
 
 A. Yes, sir, that is one of the big things of the farm in this country 
 today. There are very few farmers that realize the importance of sani- 
 tation ; it is one thing the farmer should take up. 
 
 Q. You think that by proper sanitation you could stay the progress 
 of the disease? 
 
 A. You would stay the progress of a great many diseases of that 
 kind that we have to contend with. 
 
 Q. A herd of cattle belonging to a neighbor was killed on Saturday. 
 A neighbor's cattle were shipped to Chicago on Saturday night. What 
 my neighbor wants to know is how he can keep these cattle from being 
 shipped out. 
 
 A. I do not know the circumstances. What was the relation of the 
 two herds? 
 
 Q. They were on adjoining farms. 
 
 A. Were they in a pasture next to these cattle? 
 
 Q. Yes. 
 
 A. I couldn't tell you as I know nothing about the circumstances. 
 The chances are, if they were allowed to be shipped, they were pretty 
 well satisfied that they had not been discovered. 
 
 Q. They were with these cattle on Wednesday in the same stalk 
 field? 
 
 A. I would have to look into that first, I don't know. 
 
 Q. What the neighbors are anxious to know is how they can prevent 
 these cattle from being driven over the public highway. There are five 
 or six miles of road along there over which this stock was driven before 
 they were shipped to Chicago. 
 
 A. If they were mixed with the other cattle and these cattle were 
 sick, a thing of that kind should not take place. If that is the facts in 
 the case — and I don't doubt what you say — it should not have been 
 allowed to have happened. Will you give me the particulars of that, I 
 would like to find out myself. 
 
 Q. The cattle were shipped to Chicago. 
 
 A. By whom? 
 
 Q. Mr. Eiding. They were shipped with a lot of other cattle. 
 
 A. Where from? 
 
 Q. Morris, 111. 
 
 Q. In case that is true, what remedy would you prescribe to take 
 care of the rest of the fellows and not have these cattle driven over the 
 public highway? 
 
28 
 
 A. 1 think a rigid quarantine ought to be put into effect there. 
 
 Q. Would you advise doing that? 
 
 A. That is something outside of the jurisdiction of the Federal 
 Government. The quarantine is within the State of Illinois. 
 
 Q. In my county we have about the same condition, and the State 
 Veterinarian and Government Veterinarian, cooperating together, made 
 a county atlas, and wherever this occurred they made a circle around 
 that farm for three miles, and quarantined everything inside of that 
 circle and nobody was allowed to move a hoof within that circle into 
 or out of it. 
 
 A. That would remedy the situation. 
 
 Q. A lot of the farmers over there would like a little light as to 
 how the stock yards are operated. As I understand it, part of the stock 
 yards are under quarantine, and those cattle coming from a quarantined 
 part of the State are put into one division and the cattle that come 
 from a non-quarantined part of the State are put into another division 
 of the stock yards. Now, the farmers don't understand why such a 
 condition of things exist; as long as all these cattle are slaughtered' 
 together. They can't see why they should be separated. It has an 
 effect on the price of cattle and that seems to create a considerable dis- 
 turbance on the part of the people throughout the State. 
 
 A. Dr. Dyson is here and he can probably explain that to you 
 better than I can. 
 
 Q. Has there been any of that disease reported in Cook County? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. How many cases? 
 
 A. One man came out with a gattling gun and chased an inspector 
 off, in Cook County. 
 
 Gentlemen, I thank you. I am very glad to have been here this 
 afternoon and I hope you will come along and help us out on this. 
 
 Mr. Stevenson: Dr. U. G. Houck, Inspector of the Bureau of 
 Animal Industry, is with us, and right from the seat of war. In fact, 
 he is a conquering hero. He comes direct from Northern Indiana and 
 Southern Michigan, where he has succeeded in eradicating the foot and 
 mouth disease entirely. 
 
 Dr. Houck : I deem it an honor to have been invited to annear before 
 the Governor of the great State of Illinois and the representatives of the 
 people of this State to express my humble views on a matter of so much 
 importance to the live stock industry of the United States and this State 
 in particular, since it is the center of the live stock interests of the 
 country. 
 
 I appreciate the honor of being permitted to appear with such men 
 as Dr. Moore, who enjoys an enviable reputation, not only in this coun- 
 try, but abroad, and is recognized as one of the foremost educators, and 
 an authority on animal diseases ; such men as Dr. Marshall, who occupies 
 an important chair in the University of Pennsylvania, and whose opinion 
 and advice is sought on matters of national importance relating to the 
 control of animal diseases; such men as Dr. Mumford also an educator 
 
29 
 
 and authority; also Dr. Bennett, whose receding forelocks bares the scars 
 of two simihir foot and moutli disease campaigns. From his fluent 
 speech this afternoon, it is evident he was at h'ast exposed to tlie mouth 
 disease in his first campaign. 
 
 Dr. Moore has today traced for our benefit the history of foot and 
 mouth disease from Asia into Europe, and explained its cause, course 
 and termination, and how the disease has swept over Europe in periodical 
 waves, the great damage it has wrought, and he has called attention to 
 the great sums of money that have been spent in efforts to control the 
 disease in foreign countries. It appears that when the disease abated 
 sufficiently to make it practicable, European countries have seized the 
 opportunity to resort to slaughter in connection with disinfection as a 
 means of eradication. It is noteworthy that the disease has never been 
 eradicated from any country that attempted it without slaughter of the 
 infected and exposed animals. It has, however, been eradicated from 
 some of the European countries that have adopted the slaughter method 
 in connection with rigid quarantine, and the cleaning and disinfection of 
 infected premises. We have ourselves, in 1903 and again in 1908, eradi- 
 cated the disease from this country in a surprisingly short time, and at 
 a comparatively small expense by the same methods which we are using 
 in this outbreak. I believe there is not a country in Europe but that 
 would welcome such a situation as now faces us and consider it a favor- 
 able opportunity to resort to the slaughter measure as a part of their 
 policy for eradicating the disease, and I believe they would gladly make 
 the financial sacrifice, which it W9uld be necessary to incur through the 
 slaughter of infected and exposed herds in such new outbreaks as has 
 visited this country, for it costs these countries in unavoidable losses 
 under their present methods more in one year in efforts to control the 
 disease than it has cost us to eradicate all the foot and mouth disease 
 together that has ever occurred in this country. But under present con- 
 ditions, owing to the wide dissemination of the disease in European coun- 
 tries, it would be as impracticable for Germany or France or Eussia to 
 attempt to eradicate foot and mouth disease by slaughter, quarantine 
 and disinfection as it would be for us now to attempt to eradicate hog 
 cholera from this country by those radical measures without the aid of 
 hog cholera preventive serum. If we had as much foot and mouth 
 disease in this country as exists in Europe we would no doubt employ 
 the same methods of control now in vogue in Germany and some other 
 European countries. 
 
 It has cost us about $600,000 to eradicate from this country the 
 outbreaks of 1902 and 1908, and as a result of our promptness in attack- 
 ing the disease and our efficiency in handling the situation our live stock 
 industry has enjoyed 12 years of freedom from the disease at an expense 
 of less than $50,000 a year. What would our losses have amounted to 
 during the last 12 years of uninterrupted prosperity if the disease had 
 been allowed to take its course in 1902? You stockmen of Illinois can 
 figure it for yourselves. The latest published statistics show that on 
 January 1, 1914, there were on the farms in Illinois 1,216,000 cattle 
 other than milch cows; 1,017,000 milch cows; 984,000 sheep, 4,358,000 
 swine. This live stock was estimated to be worth the enormous sum of 
 one hundred seventy to one hundred seventy-five million dollars. 
 
30 • 
 
 We have been told today that there is a depreciation in the value 
 of animals that pass through the disease and recover. In Denmark 
 this depreciation in value is estimated by Danish authorities to be $8 
 per head; German authorities place the estimate for Germany at $7 per 
 head; and in Holland it is placed at $10 per head. An English prac- 
 titioner of wide experience states that it is none too high to place the 
 loss on each animal that becomes affected and that ultimately recovers 
 at $30, when milch cows or feeding cattle that are nearly finished are 
 under consideration. I give you some data, now figure for yourself what 
 the live stock industry of Illinois is now facing, and what we have 
 escaped during the last 13 years through the energetic measures that 
 were employed by the State and Federal authorities in the eradication 
 of the disease. Further I would mention in passing, that we might not 
 be able to measure our losses in this country by the same measure that 
 Europe employs in measuring her losses. Foot and mouth disease has 
 been bred in the animals of Europe for 300 years, at least according to 
 what Dr. Moore has just told us. Our animals of the bovine specie, 
 bred in the southern part of the United States, where Texas fever 
 infection exists continuously, inherit an immunity to Texas fever, and 
 the disease does little damage to the offspring of cattle born and raised 
 in the south. Some of you no doubt know from experience what loss 
 results from death of animals if the infection of Texas fever is allowed 
 to get into a herd of Illinois cattle. I do not know that any scientific 
 investigation has been conducted along this line, but it is suggestive that 
 the cattle of Europe are probably more resistent to foot and mouth 
 disease than our cattle would be, and that our losses from a spread of 
 foot and mouth disease would be greater than the losses from a spread 
 of the disease in Europe. 
 
 The European estimates of depreciation in value of animals that 
 have passed through the diseases are based upon the conditions that 
 prevail in thickly populated Denmark, Holland and Germany, where 
 the live stock is confined to buildings or limited enclosures, where they 
 can be under observation, and where they can be treated and receive 
 proper care. This condition is not comparable with what I saw in the 
 state of Montana in the month of December, 1914. 
 
 The disease had made its appearance on the open range in that 
 state, and the news of its appearance there was terrifying to all those 
 in this country who engage in the live stock industry and allied enter- 
 prises. Fortunately, fortunately it seems we have been able to bury 
 the diseased in Montana with the last infected herd that was slaughtered 
 before I left the state on the 33d of December. This herd consisted of 
 154 animals of mixed sizes, grades and sex, rustling for a living on a 
 range which skirted the banks of the Yellowstone Eiver. The dry grass 
 which constituted their only food, was covered by about 8 inches of 
 snow; the thermometer oscillated between 13 above and 30 degrees 
 below zero during the whole time" this herd was under our observation. 
 The animals had no shelter for themselves or their newly born offspring 
 except the "draws" and "washouts" which nature provided along the 
 river bank. Such protection seems inadequate to those of us who have 
 been accustomed to seeing animals stabled and fed, and as I stated 
 before, the only feed accessible to these animals was the frozen dry 
 
31 
 
 grass they were obliged to nose from under the hard snow. While we 
 were in the pasture looking lor a suilai)le place to dig a trench to bury 
 the herd, and while we were diggin? to ascertain to what depth the 
 frost had penetrated the ground, the affected animals that could walk 
 gathered in a semi-circle amouiul us on the side of a knoll so that the 
 claws were separated, thus exposing to view the foot lesions of the 
 disease. I have never seen worse foot lesions on animals affected with 
 this disease. Many of these animals had blisters and sores over the 
 entire muzzle and the skin was hancrinor in shreds from their tongues. 
 I saw enough to convmcc me that the disease would assume a much 
 more severe form on tlic plains than we have yet seen in any of our 
 farming communities, and the loss necessarily would be much greater. 
 Besides it would probalily be impossible for us to eradicate the disease 
 if it once got a good start on the range. 
 
 D'r, Moore in his address read quotations from some of the most 
 eminent authorities in Europe on animal diseases, men who were born, 
 reared, and educated and have studied the disease for years in the coun- 
 tries of Europe, where it prevails in spite of the millions of dollars that 
 have been spent in futile efforts to control it without resorting to the 
 slaughter of the diseased and exposed animals. All of these authorities 
 concur in opinion that the disease is very destructive; that at times it 
 assumes a very malignant form and the losses are very heavy; that it is 
 dreaded by farmers and stockmen of the British Isles more than all other 
 epizootic diseases combined; that quarantine and disinfection alone have 
 always failed to eradicate the disease and that it is their opinion that 
 slaughter in connection with other measures that may be employed, is 
 an indispensable feature in the eradication of the disease and no country 
 has succeeded in eradicating it without slaughter. 
 
 We have frequently heard people say during this outbreak that they 
 have been told by Germans, Hollanders, Danes, etc., who have come to 
 this country, that foot and mouth disease is not regarded seriously in 
 Europe; that all they do there is to inoculate all the susceptible animals 
 so that it will pass through the herd quickly, and in a couple of weeks 
 the animals are entirely Avell, and in as good condition as ever. I am 
 glad that Dr. Moore and others have today refuted that statement, and 
 quoted for us the opinions of such eminent and reliable European 
 authorities. We, in this country, know very little of the disease. Our 
 farmers know nothing from experience of the complications, secondary 
 infections, and bad results that follow in its wake. We have been suc- 
 cessful in eradicating the disease so promptly that our farmers have 
 been spared the bitter experience and the price so often payed for lessons 
 we learn from experience. 
 
 I perhaps cannot use the remainder of my time to better advantage 
 than to relate a personal experience with a herd that had passed through 
 the disease in Massachusetts in the outbreak of 1902 and was spared. 
 The herd passed through the disease the latter part of October. I 
 arrived at Boston, on December 9th, and my first assignment was to 
 investigate the condition of a herd located near Sharon, Mass. This 
 herd belonged to a prominent business man who resided in Boston. He 
 called at the office some time- before my arrival in Boston, and requested 
 of Dr. Salmon, who was then chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 
 that his herd be spared as it had passed through the disease several 
 
32 • 
 
 weeks before, and was now in good condition. He stated that the lesions 
 were all healed, that the animals were all eating, cows were all coming 
 back to their milk. On examination of this herd, I found no lesions 
 or conditions of consequence. I did find some old scars in the mouths 
 of a few of the animals and a lump in the udder of one of the 
 cows, which indicated the beginning of gargot due to infection from the 
 disease. I reported the conditions to Dr. Salmon and to Dr. Bennett, 
 who had immediate charge of the eradication of this outbreak. No 
 action was taken immediately. It was finally decided to clean and dis- 
 infect the premises, spray the animals with a disinfectant, apply a dis- 
 infectant to their feet and allow the herd to live. In about three weeks 
 the owner again called at the office and stated that his herd was not 
 doing as well as he expected; that some of the cows had gargot, many 
 of them had aborted; the calves had died; he had lost one of the cows; 
 they were not giving more than one-half to two-thirds of the milk they 
 gave before they had the disease and, in general, the results were prov- 
 ing very disappointing to him. He was advised that the fact that this 
 herd was proving a financial disappointment was no good reason why 
 the Federal Government and state of Massachusetts should now buy and 
 slaughter the animals if there was no danger of their disseminating the 
 infection of foot and mouth disease. The owner again returned in a 
 couple of weeks and stated that if we did not slaughter some of the 
 animals he would do so himself as their condition was such that he could 
 not keep them on his place. I again visited the herd and found, as I 
 recall it, 19 gargot cows. Two of them in particular showed udders so 
 distended and sore that they shifted their weight from one hind foot to 
 the other so as to avoid pressure on the sore udders which were filled 
 with pus. These animals were not eating and had become very thin — 
 so thin they would not be recognized as the same animals I had seen at 
 my first visit. Many of- the animals were lame, and the soles of the feet 
 loosened so that a knife blade could be passed between the sole and the 
 foot from the heel to toe, and when they placed their weight on their 
 feet, there was a sound similar to that of a man walking in boots con- 
 taining water. After I made my second report to Dr. Salmon and 
 Dr. Bennett, it was finally decided to slaughter the affected animals as 
 there was danger of their being sold to some butcher and probably start 
 infection in new places. I have personal knowledge of eight herds that 
 were spared in this outbreak. The owners of six of them reported the 
 unfavorable conditions and it was necessary to slaughter some of the 
 animals in each of these herds in order to prevent the further spread 
 of the disease. Later in the spring an owner of one herd that had been 
 spared came to Boston and reported that he had been a "fool" in not 
 reporting his herd and having them slaughtered, as it had been found 
 necessary for him to sell seventy (70%) per cent of them to the butcher 
 in the spring, as their usefulness for dairy purposes had been impaired 
 by the disease so that they were no longer profitable. 
 
 All in all, it appears that our present methods of strict State and 
 Federal quarantine, the slaughter of infected and exposed animals and 
 the prompt and thorough cleaning and disinfection of infected premises 
 is the most sane and economical method of handling the disease, if we 
 seek to eradicate it. 
 
33 
 
 QUESTIONS TO Mlf. [lOUCK. 
 
 Q. Do you know where this disease originated? 
 
 A. It is supposed to have started in Michigan. The source of the 
 disease is unknown today. There have been several clues, but we have 
 been unable to trace it to any definite source. 
 
 Q. Do you know where the Illinois people got it? 
 
 A. We presume it came from tlic outbreak in Michigan or Indiana. 
 
 Q. What percentage of the dairy herds in Chicago had the disease? 
 
 A. I think practically 100 per cent. 
 
 Q. In the New England cases cited by you, were those conditions 
 from the first attack, or from a recurrent attack ? 
 
 A. Those conditions were from the original attack. They are condi- 
 tions that follow the first attack. The period of immunity lasts as low 
 as 12 days up to five or six years in some animals. That is one reason 
 there are enough of those animals that are susceptible to in a short time 
 keep the disease smouldering in a community, and others gradually 
 become susceptible. 
 
 Q. The disease is recurrent in its nature? 
 
 A. Yes, the disease is recurrent in its nature. 
 
 Q. A herd may be attacked the second time? 
 
 A. We have two instances in Michigan where the disease appeared 
 in the herd four weeks after the first attack. 
 
 Q. In all attacks in this country has slaughter been resorted to? 
 
 A. I was talking to Dr. Moore on that subject and he can perhaps 
 give you better data on that than I. 
 
 Dr. Moore: In the first outbreak which occurred in 1870 slaughter 
 was not resorted to, but we had a very different condition then from 
 now. The herds were widely scattered. It occurred in the fall and there 
 was a severe winter, according to Dr. Law's reports. The herds were far 
 apart and there was little intercourse between them during this long 
 winter. We had some five or six months of it and then the disease died 
 out. In the second outbreak of 1880, between 1880 and '83, there were 
 several places where animals were imported into this country and the 
 herds into which they were introduced, largely in New York and New 
 England, developed this disease. They were isolated and whatever 
 animals died, died, and that was the end of it. The third outbreak 
 occurred at Portland, Me., and that was due to the introduction of 
 animals suffering from the foot and mouth disease on ship board. They 
 were apparently well when they landed, and were driven to quarantine 
 which had been established the year before, and cattle which were driven 
 over those roads they went on, developed the disease. Those cattle were 
 all slaughtered, and that was the end of that. The next outbreak is the 
 one you have been told about — the one in Massachusetts. 
 
 Q. This last antbreak broke out in Niles, Mich.? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Was there any attempt made to get at the source of the trouble 
 as to where it came from? 
 
 A. We have made some inquiries to date, but have been unable to 
 find any clue that seems positive, 
 
 —3 PM 
 
34. 
 
 Q. I understand there is a tannery down there and that some of the 
 hides were infected. Is this information correct? 
 
 A. That is one of the things that is drawn to our attention, hut look 
 at the great numher of tanneries all over the country where they have 
 been doing the same thing, bringing hides in from different parts of 
 the world and we have not had an outbreak. Of course, there is a 
 bare possibilit}', but nothing definite. It does not seem very probable. 1 
 
 Q. Are there being anv cattle imported in this section ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Have you any suggestions for quarantine or suggestions regard- 
 ing inspection after the disease is discovered? 
 
 A. The quarantine, of course, as Dr. Moore pointed out, is the first 
 step in fighting the disease ; then the slaughter, then disinfection. That 
 ifi the policy that has been followed by all countries adopting the slaugh- 
 ter method. 
 
 Q. In this case at Niles, Mich., there was a newspaper report which 
 went over the country to the efl'eet that these hides that were imported 
 came in bales, and that the bales were wrapped in straw and they laid 
 around a couple of weeks before they were ready to put them into the 
 vats, and they were then unbaled and the straw taken out and thrown 
 over a wall. A couple of dairy farmers came in and bought the straw 
 for bedding and took it away, and it was in those herds that the disease 
 broke out? 
 
 A. I haven't heard that — the story has been twisted in various 
 forms — but all we can say to date is that we do not know the source of 
 this outbreak. 
 
 Q. What was the later history of the balance of the Martin herd 
 which was not slaughtered — the one you spoke of near Boston? 
 
 A. I cannot tell you. I left there in April. I don't know if Mr. 
 Bennett has any later information in regard to that herd or not. 
 
 Mr. Bennett : I went away soon after you did. We have no record. 
 
 Q. May I ask how many recurrent attacks an animal may have? 
 
 A. Well, I read in one veterinary work where the same cow went 
 through the disease three times in one year, and by the time they get 
 through it three times, there is not much left of them. 
 
 Q. May I ask Dr. Moore in regard to that? How many recurrent 
 attacks mav an animal have ? Have vou any statistics or data in relation 
 to that? 
 
 A. I am sorry to say I have nothing except the statement that was 
 made of a certain animal going through the disease three times in one 
 year. In connection with the hides carrying the disease into this country, 
 I would say that the hides are disinfected before they are brought into 
 this country, and extra precautions are taken, because it is expected that 
 the disease may have been imported through the hides, and precaution is 
 taken in regard to their disinfection. 
 
 Q. What about the source of the trouble in Montana ? 
 
 A. From the Chicago Yards. 
 
 Q. In what month? 
 
 A. October 26th. 
 
 Q. You were in charge of the work in Indiana arid Michigan, I 
 believe, I assume in Ipdiana, the same as in this State, there was some 
 
35 
 
 territory known as •'clused area"' and othcis known as "quarantined 
 area." 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. The open or Tree area in Indiana — where there was no disease 
 and no infection — was the shipment between uninfected and uuquaran- 
 tined points, the shipment of {)ure bred stock, stopped entirely? 
 
 A. It was. 
 
 Q. What is your notion, Doctor, in territory that is widely removed 
 from any infected territory, for instance, regarding the movement of 
 hogs for breeding purposes, between uninfected points? I am asking for 
 my own information. 
 
 A. You say, what is the danger? 
 
 Q. Yes. 
 
 A. In the first place, there are very few states that would accept 
 those shipments. 
 
 Q. I mean within the State. 
 
 A. Within the State? Simply the danger of carrying the infection 
 from one point to another. After we have a quarantine established 
 in, a certain area and have time to get the disease curbed, I think the 
 only way is to kill the diseased herd and get them under the ground and 
 the place cleaned up and disinfected. Then we make a house to house 
 inspection of all the animals around there within a radius of probably 
 three to five miles ; that is called the closed area. Now, then, from that 
 section we are not supposed, under our regulations, to allow anything 
 to be removed for the first 30 days. For 30 days after the inspection, 
 nothing is allowed to go into or without this radius of from three to five 
 miles without inspection and certification so that we have 60 days inter- 
 vening between the time that the place is disinfected and the time that 
 the territory is free. 
 
 Q. Doctor, take territory where there has not been any disease. 
 For instance, Franklin County of this State. There has been no disease 
 over in Jefferson County. Would there be any reasonable excuse for 
 preventing the shipping of pure bred hogs from one of those counties 
 to the other? 
 
 A. Franklin County has been entirely released from quarantine, 
 
 Q. I only used this simply for an illustration. 
 
 A. There is nothing to prevent it. 
 
 Q. The counties that are far removed from the infection, for 
 instance several counties removed, there is no reason. Doctor, in your 
 mind why those and adjoining counties that are also far removed should 
 be prohibited from making shipments of live stock for breeding purposes, 
 is there? 
 
 A. Dr. Bennett is familiar witli this territory. The territory is 
 released as soon as it is considered safe. Dr. Bennett knows of the 
 specific instances in this territory. 
 
 Q. The reason I ask is, that express companies refuse to transport 
 cattle or hogs for breeding purposes from uninfected points that are far 
 removed from the quarantine area. I was trying to get at the reason 
 why they would not. 
 
 A. I do not see any reason. I would like to say this : The mor- 
 tality in a regular outbreak is not necessarily so very large. As I stated 
 awhile ago, that was not the worst part of the disease ; it is the secondary 
 
36 . 
 
 conditions that follow. Further than that, if you allow the disease to 
 exist you have that loss to go through every year. In the outbreak of 
 1902, it cost about $300,000 to eradicate it, and in the outbreak of 1908 it 
 cost about the same. Therefore, we have the same intervening period 
 of six years between each outbreak, which amounts to about $50,000 
 a year that it costs to keep free of the foot and mouth disease. What 
 would it cost if the disease had been allowed to go on ? 
 
 Q. How soon after the animal has had the disease and is pronounced 
 cured is he liable to take the disease over again? 
 
 A. We have specific instances on record of twelve days, and I have 
 seen them in four weeks. There is no cure. There is no medicinal 
 treatment. The treatment is too expensive, and further than that it 
 does not give immunity for a period of more than two months. 
 
 Q. Who looks after and sees that this quarantine is kept? 
 
 A. The State authorities establish a quarantine embracing a suffi- 
 cient area. For instance, if you had a township that was infected, 
 they would quarantine that township and the surroundings and hold 
 them under State regulation. They would send out their constables into 
 each township and patrol the township and explain to the people the 
 requirements of quarantine. 
 
 Q. Who enforced it in Michigan ? 
 
 A. The State authorities. 
 
 Q. Wasn't this done by your county sheriffs? 
 
 A. They acted under the instructions of the State authorities. 
 
 Q. Dr. Moore, are there any authorities who have a different theory 
 than slaughtering? If so, who are they? 
 
 A. You mean for the eradification and control, for the handling of 
 the disease ? I suppose there might be those who feel that if you should 
 quarantine sufficiently tight to hold the germ inside the territory until ■ 
 it died, that that would be a way of handling it. Most of the European 
 people followed that method until they found it was not effective, as I 
 tried to point out. They now recommend the more strenuous measure 
 of slaughter. 
 
 Q. Are there any instances of any herds that you can point out 
 that have been quarantined and been successfully treated and the dis- 
 ease conquered? The reason I ask that question is that within the last 
 day or two the Chicago press has been printing articles to the effect 
 that the farmers in certain parts of the State are objecting to the 
 slaughter of cattle and claim it can be met and conquered in another 
 way than by slaughtering. Is there anything in this position, or are 
 they mistaken? 
 
 A. I do not think their position is well taken. Undoubtedly you 
 could pick out here and there small herds, if they were quarantined, and 
 not in severe form, where perchance the after effects would not develop. 
 I do not doubt but that there are places where that would work, just as 
 an outbreak of smallpox. Undoubtedly a great many individuals would 
 recover after a sufficient length of time, but you don't know which 
 individual is going to recover. 
 
 Q. Has the British Government changed its course? 
 
 A. In the last outbreaks the British Government has been slaughter- 
 ing. I suppose there may be some who would say they could quarantine 
 
37 
 
 and control this disease just as there are people who say it can be 
 treated. 
 
 Q. I want to know whollKr or not there'are any recognized scientists 
 who take the other side oi' the argument and say slaughter is unneces- 
 sary? 
 
 A. I do not know any of that kind. 
 
 Q. Has the quarantine idea ever been successful where it has been 
 tried ? 
 
 A. No, sir; not that 1 know of. 
 
 Q. Now, if this is an assured fact from a veterinarian standpoint, 
 as vaccination is for the prevention of smallpox, then that is the only 
 thing to do, and if there is no other recognized branch of the school 
 which has a better remedy to offer than this, then we can take this as 
 a fair representation, and no man who does not hear this discussion 
 before this body can later on say that only one branch of the school 
 was heard before the Legislature? 
 
 A. I tried in my remarks to point out that this thing had come up 
 in Europe — had gradually crowded in — and they tried to cure it by 
 quarantine; and then in 1899 at the International Congress at Baden 
 Baden, these men who had been making a study of the disease, men who 
 had it at heart, were unanimous in the opinion that this method was 
 not effective, as was shown by the enormous arid heavy losses of 1891, 
 w^here the Germans lost $25,000,000, and, as Prof. Bang says, "In 1911 
 she is going to lose more." I do not think we can take this as a guidance 
 to be followed, anyway. Every one, except the ignorant, who is 
 acquainted with the handling and history of infectious diseases, knows 
 that every outbreak is not as severe and serious as every other outbreak. 
 They run in cycles, and the policy, as the doctor has pointed out, is 
 that we do not want another epidemic of this disease. We don't want 
 another disease that is going to cost millions and millions of loss every 
 year. We want to get rid of it. It is the policy of the Government and 
 of every state to get rid of it. 
 
 Q. Does Dr. James Law take a pronounced stand against slaughter 
 and quarantine? 
 
 A. I think the doctor has got to the point where he looks back to 
 his boyhood days, when everybody in his home tow'n had the foot and 
 mouth disease among their cattle sometime during the year, sometimes 
 twice a year, and perhaps he feels — I cannot analyze his reasoning — that 
 it might be better to take a loss of twenty-five, fifty or a hundred million 
 dollars a year, as a consequence, than to sacrifice certain animals. 
 
 Q. The gentleman from Illinois stated that after the cattle were 
 disinfected, wnthin a day or two he considered the disinfected process 
 perfected, and the danger of the disease removed. The gentleman from 
 Michigan said the hides that were shipped in here had been disinfected, 
 and consequently the danger of importing the disease had been removed. 
 If those two conclusions are correct, is it not unnecessary to have the 
 loss of the hides of the cattle which are being slaughtered ? Could they 
 not be disinfected and utilized and by so doing several thousand dollars 
 be saved to tlie State of Illinois? 
 
 A. I think it is possible that that could be done, but the danger 
 of spreading the virus, in the cleaning of these animals, and the expense 
 of disinfectinsf them — T think Dr. Bennett could answer that better than 
 
38 
 
 I. I have not had the experience in the slaughter work in the field to 
 answer that,' but I have raised that question with several of the govern- 
 ment men and they have told me that the matter was carefully con- 
 sidered, but they felt the danger of getting it around, and getting the 
 disease spread further, and the difficulty of disinfecting them, and the 
 possibility of not disinfecting them properly, did not make it worth 
 while to bother with it. 
 
 Q. There seems to be a prevailing impression among some of the 
 German farmers in my part of the country, that in Germany they treat 
 this disease and treat it successfully. I would like to know for my own 
 information whether or not that is true. 
 
 A. Undoubtedly a good many people there try to treat it. 
 
 Q. Does the government take the measure our government does? 
 
 A. No, sir; as I have already stated, they have not done that, but 
 they have stated specifically that the quarantine which they say is neces- 
 sary they cannot carry out even in that government, and their losses, 
 as given in their official records, are something enormous, amounting to 
 way up in the millions. The gTeat loss is in the young animals and a few 
 adult animals that have died, and then these secondary conditions, the 
 loss of flesh, milk, etc. 
 
 Q. Isn't it a fact that the German government, in experimenting 
 with this foot and mouth disease, found it so difficult a process to 
 handle that they established a quarantine station on an island in the 
 North Sea and attempted to treat the animal so as to cure it. What 
 were the results that were obtained from that? 
 
 A. So far as I know they have not been at all successful. The 
 danger of working with the disease as I understand it — I am not positive 
 of this, but have been told — that official investigations were stopped, and 
 they secured this island and then went up there to work on it. So far 
 as I know they have gotten nothing out of it except serum. I am advised 
 they have been able to get a process that will immunize an animal for a 
 month or two. That has been the extent of their success. 
 
 Q. It lasts about 60 days? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Gentlemen, I thank you. 
 
 Mr. Stevenson : Gentlemen, Mr. Gregory, of Chicago, Editor of 
 the Prairie Farmer, one of the foremost farm journals of this State, 
 will now address you. 
 
 G. A. Gregory, Editor Prairie Farmer, Chicago. 
 
 Gentlemen of the Illinois Legislature: The few words I shall 
 have to say will not be those of an expert on foot and mouth disease, but 
 will be said simply from the standpoint of a farmer and a farm paper 
 editor. 
 
 I have studied the foot and mouth situation carefully, and in regard 
 to the future policy to be pursued, it seems to me that only two courses 
 are possible — to cease all attempts to control the disease, or to get rid of 
 it as quickly as possible. 
 
39 
 
 The impression liatl gained cuneney that tliis is not a dangerous 
 disease, since the fatalities are not usually over 2 per cent. The total 
 value of cattle, hogs and sheep in Illinois January 1, 1914, was $154,- 
 000.000. A 2 per cent loss annually would be $3,000,000, or practically 
 twice the total cost of stamping out the outbreak completely by present 
 methods. If left unchecked, a disease so virulent and easily spread as 
 this would soon spread all over the State, and no herd would be safe. 
 Xeither would a herd be safe after it had once had the disease, since the 
 immunity lasts only a short time. 
 
 The deaths from this disease are the smallest part of the loss. Addi- 
 tional losses from loss of flesh and milk, etc.. would add to this total, 
 until we should face the tremendous annual losses that Germany fears 
 from this disease. 
 
 You will see that it is unthinkable that we should abandon the 
 attempt to eradicate the disease. The question then remaining is, shall 
 we continue with the methods now being followed, or shall we take the 
 advice that certain fai'mers and others are offering, to combat the disease 
 by quarantine? 
 
 Xo other country has ever succeeded in stamping out the disease by 
 quarantine, even though some of them have tried it for over two hundred 
 years. Therefore an attempt to stamp out the disease in this way here 
 would be an experiment, with no assurance that it would end successfully. 
 
 If we try this method, it will mean that the present quarantines, 
 perhaps doubled in severity, will be kept in force six months, a year, or 
 perhaps longer. It will mean that all live stock growers in the State will 
 be compelled to sell their stuff on demoralized markets for an indefinite 
 time to come. It will mean that pure-bred men, many of whom have had 
 their fall and winter business almost ruined, will face an indefinite 
 continuation of the same conditions. 
 
 Since November 30th. when the Chicago Stock Yards were divided 
 into two. sections, $13,000,000 worth of Illinois stock has been marketed 
 in quarantine division. The discount in prices in that section has been 
 10, 15 or 25 cents a hundred — sometimes even more than that. The 
 loss from this source alone has been probably more than half a million 
 dollars. Every day that the quarantine remains in force adds to that loss. 
 
 Can we afford to submit to these inevitable losses — to market another 
 year's live stock crop on a demoralized market — in order to try out a plan 
 of handling the disease that has never been successful elsewhere? 
 
 There is another serious feature to be considered. The disease has 
 been practically eradicated in other states. If we harbor the infection 
 here, intercourse between Illinois and these other states, as far as live 
 stock and live stock products goes, will be cut off. The action will be 
 enforced by both the separate states and the Federal Government. Our 
 live stock industry can hardly exist, much less prosper, with intercourse 
 with other states cut off. 
 
 Xow, what about the slaughter method ? It seems very severe. It 
 is a terrible thing to go onto a man's farm and destroy a herd that he 
 has been years in building up. It is hard to explain to a man who has 
 given the matter no thought the necessity for such action, especially in 
 view of the fact that most of the animals would recover if left alone. 
 
4ft 
 
 But I believe all persons who have seriously considered the matter 
 are agreed that we must extei-minate the disease, and that as quickly as 
 possible. The slaughter method, severe as it is, is the only sure way of 
 doing this. It is the only way that offers any promise of success. The 
 expense is heavy, but it is the cheapest way out of a serious situation. 
 
 This method has eradicated the disease in previous outbreaks in 
 the United States. It has succeeded in most of the 18 states that were 
 infected in this outbreak. Success is in sight in Illinois. Out of the 53 
 counties originally infected, the disease remains in only 12, and in serious 
 form in only three. 
 
 We have killed a million and a quarter dollars worth of stock in our 
 attempt to conquer the disease by this method. We have been 90 per cent 
 successful. It would be the height of folly now to reverse this policy. I 
 am very sorry that the present controversy has arisen. I am sorry that 
 injunction proceedings have been allowed to delay the work of stamping 
 out the disease. Every, day's delay adds greatly to the loss. 
 
 Undoubtedly many mistakes have been made by government and 
 state officials. There has been delay in slaughtering, and longer delay 
 in cleaning up premises after slaughter. Not all the inspectors sent out 
 have had the necessary diplomacy to get on well with the farmers. Some 
 of them have gone out like a bull into a china shop, and have aroused 
 opposition wherever they went. 
 
 But this is no time to discuss mistakes, to air personal grievances, 
 or to quarrel among ourselves. 
 
 There is only one thing to do, and that is to get together, continue 
 with the slaughter polic;f, and get rid of the disease as quickly as possible. 
 When that is done we can spend all the time necessary in fixing respon- 
 sibility for mistakes. But let's get the disease eradicated first. 
 
 Perhaps the principal difficulty in getting many farmers to agree 
 to have their animals slaughtered is the fact that no money is available 
 for compensation. It is a hard thing to slaughter a farmer's stock and 
 leave him nothing but an appraisal statement, which has no bankable 
 value. I am sure that this fact is appreciated by Governor Dunne and 
 by the members of the Illinois Legislature, and that a sufficient appro- 
 priation will be made at the earliest possible moment. 
 
 I hope that no effort will be spared to get rid of this serious epi- 
 demic as quickly as possible. 
 
 I wish to thank you for this opportunity of presenting this matter 
 for your consideration. 
 
 QUESTION TO ME. GREGOEY. 
 
 Q. Doctor, in this injunction suit in Kane County. Since that 
 injunction was brought, it has been disseminated through the news- 
 papers that an investigation has been made of the herd at Geneva, and 
 it is found they did not have the foot and mouth disease. Do you know 
 anything about whether that is true, or not ? 
 
 A. It is true that the herd at the Girl's Home did not have the 
 foot and mouth disease, and I am informed by the State and Federal 
 authorities that that herd has never been reported as having the disease. 
 
41 
 
 It was quarantined on suspicion only, to make sure, and when the second 
 inspection was made it was found it did not have the disease. 
 
 Q. If that is true, then that injunction suit cannot be considered 
 as opposition to the course adopted by the administration? 
 
 Governor Dunne: The bill does not charge that there was any 
 mistake in diagnosis. The bill does charge that this herd was infected 
 with foot and mouth disease and ordered killed. As a matter of fact 
 it was not ordered killed. The first diagnosis was that it was foot and 
 mouth disease. 
 
 Mr. Gregory: The bill admits that. 
 
 Governor Dunne: The bill alleges that we were killing animals 
 affected with the foot and mouth disease. 
 
 Mr. Gregory : I understand that. 
 
 Q. Now Mr. Gregory, with reference to the quarantined section of 
 the Stock Yards, why are quarantined sections maintained in the Stock 
 Yards and also a free market? 
 
 A. Quite a large percentage of the stock that goes into Chicago is 
 not slaughtered there, but is bought by Eastern shippers. The Stock 
 Yards felt it was not safe to allow stock to come into the quarantined 
 area and then go out again. It has been permitted to go into the quaran- 
 tined section, but has to be killed within 36 hours. In the open section 
 the shippers compete on the market, making the price higher. 
 
 Q. Do we understand that cattle are allowed to be shipped into 
 Chicago and shipped out again ? 
 
 A. From the free section they are allowed to be shipped out to 
 Eastern slaughter houses, but not to farmers. 
 
 Q. There is danger of infection, isnH there? 
 
 A. It is felt that going into the Stock Yards under inspection from 
 non-quarantined territory of the United States, and going out under 
 inspection, that there is not much danger, and there have been no cases 
 of the disease being spread, so far as known. 
 
 Q. Is it not practical then to permit these cattle to be shipped to 
 different farms. They allow the disease to be spread by the germs in 
 the course of shipment. The Illinois farmers have the impression that 
 the Stock Yards Company and the packers, have a little bit to do with 
 this quarantine section, in order to affect the price, so they may get 
 cattle cheaper. 
 
 A. I could not say as to that. I haven't any information. 
 
 Q. That is the impression throughout the State among the farmers. 
 
 Governor Dunne : Have you anv evidence as to that ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Governor Dunne: Have you ever heard of it? 
 
 A. No, except that he states that is the opinion held by some 
 people. 
 
 Q. Do you know of any foundation for that suspicion ? 
 
 A. No foundation, except that the packers do benefit by it. 
 
 Q. Then the packers do keep the price down? 
 
 A. Naturally, if somebody had a cow to sell and you were the only 
 buyer, you would pay what you wanted. 
 
 Q. The complaint has been made to me by numerous shippers that 
 their stock has gone to the yards and into the quarantine section, and 
 
4a 
 
 in some eases sold for $1 per hundred under the price of the non- 
 quarantined section, and I have heard men say they have seen their stock 
 sold and then seen them driven from the quarantine section over to the 
 non-quarantined section and sold again. I have had a complaint of that 
 kind from as many as half a dozen shippers. I want to know whether 
 there is any truth in it or not, and there are men here who have had 
 the same complaint made to them. In fact, it is in my section of the 
 State a general complaint of the shippers, and they seem to believe and 
 talk very freely that the quarantine is kept merely for the purpose of 
 reducing the price of their stock that goes to the yards. That is not an 
 occasional rumor, but I find since I came to Springfield, in conferring 
 with other gentlemen here, a very wide-spread feeling of that kind. 
 
 Mr. Stevexsox : The papers represented by Mr. Young and Mr. 
 Brown are of rather a different nature. Mr. Brown, who will follow Mr. 
 Young, is the Editor of the "Drover's Journal," which deals altogether in 
 stock and is the daily stock market quotation for stockmen. I think he 
 will be in position to answer your question. 
 
 Mr. Chairmen : Q. I desire in making that statement, to say that 
 I know absolutely nothing about it, but that the same complaint has 
 come to me from other members. 
 
 Mr. Gregory : If that situation exists it is a very serious one and 
 can only exist through collusion between packers and shippers. I think 
 if anything of that kind has been done it should be sifted to the bottom. 
 As I said a few moments ago, those are some of the things to take up 
 when we get the disease eradicated. 
 
 Mr. Stevenson: Mr. H. E. Young, of Chicago, Editor of the 
 Farmers' Eeview, which makes a specialty of live stock matters, will 
 address you. 
 
 H. E. Young, Editor of the ''Farmers' Eeview," Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Secretary, Members of the Illinois General Assembly: 
 
 My only excuse in appearing before you at this time is my interest 
 in the protection and perpetuation of the live stock industry of Illinois — 
 an industry which must be recognized as basic and fundamental in all 
 agricultural prosperity. The live stock interests of Illinois are up 
 against the biggest problem they have ever faced. Conditions were never 
 as serious as now and never has there been greater need for sane, safe, 
 sound, conservative deliberation on the part of this Legislative Assem- 
 bly. The primary question is whether or not the State- of Illinois is 
 going to uphold the work of the State and Federal authorities and 
 cooperate with them in providing for this State a clean bill of helath 
 for its live stock. The question is on the justification of the work of the 
 State and Federal officials in completely eradicating foot and mouth 
 disease in this State. These officials are men who ought to know what 
 is best in this case. I believe they do know. I believe that you believe 
 they know. They are convinced that the only way to meet the situation 
 is by immediate slaughter of all infected animals, rigid quarantine, and 
 
43 
 
 thoroup:h disinfecting of all premises. Until it has been demonstrated 
 that there is a bettor way, it is the part of wisdom to give them every 
 support in their work. Unless this is done, it means the existence of a 
 permanent menace to the live stock business, which would necessarily 
 result in perpetual paralysis of practically our whole live stock industry 
 so far as profitable business is concerned. 
 
 Others who have preceded me have dealt with various phases of this 
 problem, especially tiie scientific side. I submit that it has been conclu- 
 sively shown by the eminent authorities whom you have already heard 
 that the only way to successfully meet present conditions is by the 
 slaughter method, and that the quarantine method, which has been sug- 
 gested by those opposed to the work of the government authorities, is 
 absolutely inadequate and ill-advisod in this State and country at this 
 time. 
 
 I want to particularly call your attention to and emphasize the 
 fact that practically all of the other states in which the disease has 
 occurred have gone ahead and cleaned up. The trouble is practically 
 under control and to all practical purposes eliminated in all of the states 
 where disease outbreaks have occurred, with the exception of Illinois. 
 Naturally these other states are looking to Illinois to do Ifkewise. They 
 expect it, and I may say are amply justified in this position. It must 
 be expected that they will demand that Illinois go ahead and successfully 
 eradicate all foot and mouth disease. It is the logical and reasonable 
 position for them to take in behalf of the live stock interests in their 
 respective states. To better illustrate this attitude, which other states 
 are bound to take, and to emphasize the point I wish to make, I want 
 to mention a letter which I have recently received from the president 
 of the Live Stock Breeders' Association of Pennsylvania. He says: 
 
 "Down this way we are getting scared at your State's failure 
 to handle foot and mouth disease effectively. I note the protests 
 from banks, congressmen, and farmers against wiping it out, 
 demanding that cattle be kept. If that is done, our State, which 
 now has control of the disease, after killing about 16,000 animals, 
 will quarantine against anything from Illinois. So will other states 
 which have had the nerve to go ahead and clean up. There is no 
 doubt about such action in case Illinois does not wipe it out. 
 "We are not going to spend a million dollars to get a clean bill of 
 health for our live stock and have it all spoiled by the monkey 
 business of your State oflRcials and others out there." 
 
 This letter simply shows the attitude which is going to be taken by 
 other states in reference to the situation in Illinois. It' is a fair state- 
 ment of how live stock men and live stock interests of other states view 
 the present serious condition existing in Illinois. It shows not only the 
 dire necessity of an immediate and thorough eradication of the disease 
 in this State, but also the magnitude of our responsibility in properly 
 and efTectively meeting those conditions. The procedure in Illinois is 
 not alone going to affect the live stock industry of this State, but the 
 live stock business of the entire country. Unless the disease is immediately 
 stamped out. Illinois will very soon be isolated by quarantine. I do not 
 have to suggest what such a disastrous situation would mean to the live 
 stock industry of this State and the entire countn,'. 
 
H 
 
 In conclusion I want to say that thinking farmers of this State are 
 in favor of supporting the heroic measures adopted by the State and 
 Federal authorities in their effort to eradicate foot and mouth disease. 
 The great mass of thinking farmers of Illinois is ready to stand behind 
 these officials in providing a clean bill of health for Illinois live stock. 
 They realize and appreciate the importance of an immediate and thorough 
 clean-up of the disease and what it means to them and the great industry 
 which they represent. I speak advisedly on this point, because of the 
 fact that I am in particularly close touch with the live stock and agri- 
 cultural interests of Illinois. The Farmers' Eeview has vigorously and 
 persistently supported the State and Federal officials in their efforts to 
 effectively stamp out this disease. This stand has been taken because 
 we are convinced that it is the only right stand to take and I can assure 
 you of our continuance in this stand. 
 
 In behalf of the farmers and live stock men of Illinois, whom I 
 have the honor to represent, I would respectfully urge your serious 
 attention and consideration of this great problem, looking toward the 
 State's cooperation with government officials in the work which is being 
 done. Particularly would I urge your most serious and favorable con- 
 sideration of immediately and adequately meeting the necessary appro- 
 priation which must be made by the General Assembly to take care of 
 the State's share in the settlement of all just claims for the slaughter 
 of animals in completely eradicating this disease in Illinois. 
 
 I thank you. 
 
 Mr. Stevenson : Gentlemen, I would like to call your attention to 
 the fact that after the next speaker addresses you, including a telegram 
 read by the Governor, from Mr. Goodwin, that you will then have heard 
 from the editors of four of the principal farm journals of the State of 
 Illinois, all of them unqualifiedly upholding the attitude of the Federal 
 and State government. We now have Mr. J. E. Brown, editor of the 
 Farmers and Drovers Journal, the largest daily live stock journal in the 
 world, making a specialty of live stock quotations, etc. 
 
 J. E. Brown^ Editor "Farmers' and Drovers' Journal," Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Brown : My views on the foot and mouth disease and the neces- 
 sity of eradication, rather than temporizing with it, were expressed 
 clearly and concisely in the paper which I represent, the Farmers and 
 Drovers Journal of Chicago, last Friday, a marked copy of which we 
 sent to each member of the House and Senate, and which I sincerely 
 hope that you read, since this is a situation more serious than has con- 
 fronted almost any industry in the history of this State. 
 
 The gentlemen who have preceded me pointed out to you their 
 views, formed as professional men, upon the proper means of handling 
 this situation. It would be presumptious on my part to attempt to 
 elaborate upon any of the points they brought out. 
 
 I merely wish to say that I have been "on the firing line" since the 
 start of this battle; I have been at the field headquarters of both the 
 State and Federal bureaus which have been directing the eradication 
 
46 
 
 campaign and have had opportunity to watch the work of these bodies 
 and, as well, have had my finger on the pulse of public opinion, or at 
 least that portion of the public most vitally interested, the live stock 
 grower. 
 
 I have had dozens of letters from producers, some complaining 
 strongly that the eradication process was too severe. "Temporize with 
 this disease," they urged. "Let us demonstrate that we can save our 
 cattle." Gentlemen, such arguments come alone from the laity, and in 
 clinic the layman is usually supposed to be the subject for operation. 
 He places his confidence in the ability of men who have spent a lifetime 
 studying ailments such as afflicts him. Now, let the farmers of Illinois 
 impose like confidence in the men who are conducting this campaign of 
 disease eradication. There isn't one of them who would destroy a steer 
 if he concientiously believed it could be allowed to live and not become 
 a menace to the health of other animals in nearby territory. 
 
 Veterinary science has fought foot and mouth disease for genera- 
 tions in Europe and has as yet found no effective means of stamping it 
 out other than the slaughter and burial of the carcasses. We hire a 
 physician to treat us when we are ill because we believe he knows more 
 of the nature of our ailment and the curative measures necessary than 
 we do. 
 
 I believe the veterinary scientists are on the right track. They have 
 demonstrated it thus far in the- campaign, since they have cleaned up 
 nearly all other states affected, and Illinois, which had 46 per cent of 
 the total number of outbreaks in this country, now has above ground 
 only 8 per cent of its cases. 
 
 Viewed purely from an economic standpoint, the slaughter of in- 
 fected and exposed herds must go on, and from the same economic stand- 
 point, as affects agriculture in Illinois, this body must speedily make 
 appropriation of an adequate amount of money to fully reimburse the 
 farmer for one-half of his loss, the balance to be paid by the Federal 
 Government, in accordance with its established custom. 
 
 In the Chicago Farmers and Breeders Journal of yesterday there 
 was a statement giving the views of the Chicago Live Stock Exchange, 
 which clears for the farmers of Illinois and surrounding territory more 
 live stock than any other journal in the world. They sold last year 
 $375,000,000 worth of live stock on the Chicago market. I will read it : 
 "The Chicago Live Stock Exchange, through its committee han- 
 dling the foot and mouth disease quarantine matters, today made 
 clear its position relative to the quarantine in Illinois, and the 
 necessity of prompt legislative action for the reimbursement of 
 owners of live stock which has been slaughtered thus far in the 
 State and Federal campaign of disease eradication. 
 
 "Here are the cardinal points in the disease eradication cam- 
 paign to which the Chicago Live Stock Exchange gives its strong 
 endorsement : 
 
 "The action of the Federal inspectors in their work in Illinois 
 and other states is heartily endorsed. The Exchange believes that 
 speedy destruction of infected and exposed herds is absolutely neces- 
 sary if the live stock industry of this country is to avoid fighting 
 the foot and mouth disease— the scourge of Europe — indefinitely, 
 and to conserve the value of investments in live stock. 
 
46 
 
 "It maintains that the State of Illinois and the Federal Gov- 
 ernment must pay every man who owns an animal that has been 
 slaughtered the appraised value of his animal; the State and Fed- 
 eral Government to share alike in this expense, and other states to 
 share with the Government the losses in their respective states. 
 
 "These payments must be made as soon as possible, and the Live 
 Stock Exchange urges prompt action by Congress in making provi- 
 sion for the Bureau of Animal Industry funds for this purpose, and 
 as well the State of Illinois and all other states whose farmers have 
 suffered losses. 
 
 "The foot and mouth scourge is one which affects indirectly 
 all the people. Its continuance, through temporizing with it, would 
 lead to a much more severe shortage of live stock in this country. 
 
 "The Live Stock Exchange nrgently requests the state legisla- 
 tures to make these appropriations as speedily as possible and feels 
 that there can be no reasonable opposition to such appropriations on 
 the part of the public and tax payers generally, 
 
 "In handling the foot and m£>uth disease among live stock it is 
 a more humane, as well as economical, process, to slaughter every 
 animal infected or exposed — clean up once for all and let the Federal 
 and State Governments come forward and stand the expense as they 
 have done previously, rather than to adopt lax methods in handling 
 the situation and be forced to fight the disease indefinitely. The 
 cost to the public at large will be much less, from an economical 
 standpoint, if prompt destruction of the animals is continued until 
 all infected or exposed herds are under ground. 
 
 "There have been slaughtered in Illinois up to date 527 herds 
 of live stock, comprising 18,000 cattle. 23,000 hogs, and 500 sheep, 
 the total appraised value of which is $1,230,000. 
 
 "Illinois has had 46 per cent of the cases in this epidemic that 
 a few weeks ago affected 16 states, and all but 8 per cent of the 
 Illinois herds infected or exposed have been slaughtered. 
 
 "It is the contention of the Chicago Live Stock Exchange that 
 to temporize with this 8 per cent of cases would mean quick spread- 
 ing of this disease over this State and possible re-infection in other 
 states. 
 
 "Illinois cannot afford a Federal quarantine. It would mean 
 practical isolation of the live stock industry in this State and terrific 
 losses to stockmen. The alternative is speedy eradication of the 
 remaining cases of infection and a display on part of Illinois inspec- 
 tors and the live stock owners in this State of hearty cooperation in 
 establishing and maintaining county quarantine lines, and observ- 
 ance down to the minutest detail, of the quarantine regulations 
 which must necessarily be imposed. 
 
 "This action would mean a dwindling of supplies in the 'quar- 
 antine area' of the Chicago Stock Yards, since live stock from 55 
 counties' which have been infected or exposed would shortly be 
 released by Federal action for marketing in the free section of the 
 yards. 
 
 "The Chicago Live Stock Exchange declares that the establish- 
 ment of the quarantine yards, November 30th last, and the continu- 
 
4t 
 
 ance of the diijil maikot sysli'in Iktc since (hat time was au ahsolute 
 
 necessity." 
 
 It afrorded an oittK't lor ai>i»iu.\iiiialely T-^JSI* car loads of live 
 stock from Xo\xnnher oOtli until January 15th, inclusive, and the value 
 ol' that live stock sold was approximately $20,G00,UUU. In the quarantine 
 division, out of a total of 1.054,000 head of live stock, Gir),(iOO came 
 from Illinois. There were Tl,789 head of cattle, average weight 1,020 
 pounds; average price 8 cents; the per head value was $81.81, and the 
 aggregate value was $5,878,083. There were 3,627 calves, average weight 
 154 pounds; average price per pound 9 cents; per head value $13.86; 
 total $50,893. There were 443,676 hogs, average weight 224 pounds; 
 average price 7 cents; per head value $15.68; total value $6,956,839. 
 There were 96,526 sheep with a gross value of $554,059. 
 
 The average prices of the stock were computed by experts at Chicago 
 and these, with a total weight of the stock passing over the scales, enabled 
 the statisticians to determine the approximate value of the stock sold in 
 the quarantined division. 
 
 "The Fedei'al regulations provided that stock from infected areas 
 could not be shipped interstate, but the Illinois Board of Live Stock 
 Commissioners permitted it to be moved in this State for immediate 
 slaughter. 
 
 "Thus the live stock owner had the option of retaining his stock at 
 home and taking chances of it becoming infected or selling for local 
 and immediate slaughter, 
 
 "That the quarantine price discounts on a portion of the stock have 
 at times been severe is not disputed, but this was a situation not of the 
 sellers' creation. It was the condition they had to face because of the 
 elimination of the shipping competition and by reason of the big supplies 
 which came into the quarantined division. 
 
 "Had there been no quarantine and free area divisions there would, 
 of necessity, owing to the Federal quarantine regulation, have been but 
 one area and that a quarantine area, because of the refusal of the Federal 
 Government to permit stock from infected areas to go into interstate 
 traflfic, and thus, with the shipping outlet closed to all live stock in the 
 Chicago market, the prices would necessarily have been much lower than 
 has been the case either in the free area or the quarantined division 
 under the dual market system. 
 
 "These points should be carefully weighed in the minds of the live 
 stock grower and shipper. A crisis arose at market as it did in the 
 productive territory, one that required the best efforts of all interests 
 to be put forth in handling the situation in a time of stress that, for- 
 tunately, now gives promise of soon being remedied, provided there is 
 shown by all live stock interests that spirit of hearty cooperation to 'clean 
 up,' which good business sense demands must be put forth." 
 
 Gentlemen, I thank you. 
 
 QUESTIONS ASKED OF AND ANSWERS BY MR. BROWN. 
 
 Q. It has been rumored around that there have been cases where 
 the farmers have taken their cattle and they have been put in the quaran- 
 
48 
 
 • 
 
 tined section of the yards and sold, in some cases as low as a dollar under 
 the regular price paid for them in the non-quarantined section of the 
 yards, and that from there they have seen their stock driven to the non- 
 quarantine section of the yard and sold again. 
 
 A. That would be practically impossible unless the United States 
 Government is becoming lax in its methods and must have a man who 
 falls asleep at the gates. 
 
 When the proposition was put up to them they decided to put up 
 a fence 14 feet high from the easterly to the westerly side of the yards 
 in the section known as "Main Alley." They have a gate there, and also 
 put up a temporary office and fumigating plant, and in that office and 
 at that gate, day and night there is stationed a representative of the 
 United States Bureau of Animal Industry with police power, and a 
 policeman from the stock yards with police power, and no animal can 
 get in or out of one of these sections while these men are at the gate, and 
 I haven't seen any of those animals that are able to jump a 14-foot fence 
 from one yard to the other. I believe that whoever made that assertion 
 was not at all familiar with the conditions in the stock yards or else he 
 made it for the purpose of creating political capital. 
 
 Q. I would like to ask, I have heard the testimony of the various 
 experts here and it has been said that this disease can jump a number of 
 miles. There is nothing to prevent birds from flying from one part of 
 those yards to the other, is there? 
 
 A. No, sir. 
 
 Q. The disease can be spread from the affected cattle then to those 
 that are not affected ? 
 
 A. Dr. Bennett has declared to me that not one single case has been 
 found in the free section of the yards. 
 
 Q. These cattle could be shipped out from the free markets to 
 foreign countries. They may become infected and carry the disease 
 to a foreign country if the statement made by these experts is true. 
 
 A. To the best knowledge of the Federal inspectors there has not 
 been one single case of the disease transported from the free area of 
 the yards. 
 
 Q. Now, these cattle arriving in the morning or during the night; 
 when are they unloaded in the quarantine section? 
 
 A. In bright daylight; they are not permitted to be taken out of 
 the cars at night. 
 
 Q. When are they slaughtered? 
 
 A. They are slaughtered in the daytime. 
 
 Q. It has been claimed that sometimes they are not unloaded until 
 night in the quarantine section. 
 
 A. No, the cattle are unloaded in the daytime. 
 
 Q. Are they all killed within 30 hours? 
 
 A. No, sir; they have not been all killed within 30 hours; that 
 regulation has not been strictly complied with. 
 
 Q. I want to get some idea relative to the difference in price in the 
 quarantined and free areas. You are the editor and manager of the 
 Breeders' Journal and your paper publishes each day the market quota- 
 
49 
 
 tious of the sales of live stock in the Union Stock Yards. How do you 
 secure those quotations? 
 
 A. Through personal investigation and acquaintance with probably 
 90 per cent of the buyers and sellers on the market and through a limited 
 knowledgp of live stock values and qualities that 1 myself possess. 
 
 Q. Your chief source of information is from the commission men 
 and buyers? 
 
 A. Y''eS;, sir. 
 
 Q. Is it true that the quotations in your publication show a less 
 market value for the great majority of the stock received in the yards 
 in the quarantined area, as compared with the free area? 
 . A. Yes, sir. It is. 
 
 Q. About what per cent on the cattle and hogs? 
 
 A. We don't figure per cent in values in Chicago. We figure a cer- 
 tain price — 10 or 15 cents, for instance, per pound. In the general run 
 of selling in the quarantined division of the yards your cattle values 
 vary anywhere from 10 to at times as much as 50 cents on the hundred. 
 
 Q. In the two areas? 
 
 A. It depends on qualities and weights and the prime heavy cattle 
 suffer the most. The reason of that is this : The greater demand for the 
 prime heavy cattle from Chicago comes from New York and also some 
 'Tiosher" trade of a local character. When they are in the quarantined 
 section they have to be slaughtered before they are shipped out of 
 Chicago, which makes them unfit for this "kosher" trade. It must be 
 slaughtered in New York, the slaughtering to be done by a rabbi. 
 
 Q. Would you care to express your judgment before this body as to 
 the cause of or the reason for the less value of live stock in the quaran- 
 tined area as compared with the free area? 
 
 A. My personal opinion as to the reason of it is this : In the quar- 
 antined area the demand is limited to the Chicago packers — I mean the 
 four large packers in the yards — and a limited number of the smaller 
 packers whose houses are on the outlying districts of the yards. The 
 four large packers have the only facilities for driving direct over the 
 chutes from the quarantined area into their packing houses, while the 
 outlying houses are compelled to take the free stock from the storage 
 yards to their slaughter houses under various conditions. To a great 
 extent the demand in the quarantined section was by a limited number 
 of buyers and. as a rule, they had a big supnlv. The law of supply and 
 demand governs here the same as it always does when there is greater 
 competition and a lesser supply. 
 
 Q. Y^ou are in touch with the live stock interests throughout the 
 State, both from your correspondence and from your own personal 
 observation, and I would like to know what would be your conclusions as 
 to the lifting of the quarantine in the counties that are now free of the 
 disease? 
 
 A. There have been 63 counties in Illinois under quarantine at one 
 time. Dr. Bennett informs me that there are 51 of those counties now 
 absolutelv free from the disease as far as is known, and they have been 
 cleaned and disinfected for periods rangins" from two to four weeks. It 
 is the belief of a great number of people in the stock yards in Chicago 
 
 — 4 F M 
 
50 
 
 that if the State Board of Live Stock Commissioners sliould place abso- 
 lute quarantine on the places where the disease is now known to exist 
 that the government would very readily release foi> interstate shipment 
 that portion of the State now free as soon as they could make a house to 
 house inspection. Dr. Bennet said this noon that if the quarantine were 
 placed on twelve counties absolutely, that within two weeks he would be 
 able to recommend to Washington that the greater number of the entire 
 number of these counties now free of the disease could be released for 
 interstate shipments. 
 
61 
 
 Herds Slaughtered Within the State of Iixinois on Account of Foot and 
 Mouth DisejVse and Appraised Value. 
 
 January 22. 1915. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Adams County— 
 W. H. Oiler.... 
 C. W.Wright.. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Boone County— 
 
 Thos. Hanson 
 
 Clarence Johnson. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Bureau County— 
 
 J. W. Andris 
 
 F. E. Beatty 
 
 George Billhorn. . 
 
 W. E. Burns 
 
 W. O'Brien 
 
 Joe F^lberg 
 
 A. Field 
 
 Clifford Hopps... 
 Alfred Johnson. . . 
 
 W. H. Neill 
 
 Horace Prior 
 
 Henry Showalter. 
 Wm. A. Stablen.. 
 W. S. Stratton... 
 Chas. Williams... 
 
 Total. 
 
 Carroll County- 
 Fred Allanson 
 
 AUanson & Elliott 
 
 H. Bolinper 
 
 Edward Carbaugh 
 
 Chisholm & Rahn 
 
 Walter Collins 
 
 Simon Fisher 
 
 Andrew Frey 
 
 Frey & Bolinger 
 
 Goerge G. Geary 
 
 Joseph Grim 
 
 Poerter Heth 
 
 E. Kloepping 
 
 James C. Lenhart 
 
 Harry Martin 
 
 D. S. Moll 
 
 M0II& Nichol 
 
 John & G. R. Morris 
 
 Casper Orth 
 
 John & Albert Peters 
 
 Railing & Fletcher 
 
 Albert Schriner 
 
 Charles F. Schriner 
 
 Harve J. Schriner 
 
 Leslie Stover 
 
 Henry S witzer 
 
 Stephen F. VanBrocklin.. 
 
 Truckmiller & Warner 
 
 Wm. Warner 
 
 John L. Weitzel <fe Sisters. 
 
 Miss Nancy Wilfong 
 
 G. W. Woffenberger 
 
 Geo. H. Zier 
 
 Postoffice. 
 
 Mendon. 
 ..do.... 
 
 Belvidere. 
 ..do 
 
 Princeton . 
 LaMoille . . 
 Clairon. .. 
 Arlington . 
 
 ..do 
 
 ..do 
 
 LaMoille.. 
 
 ..do 
 
 Wyanet . . 
 Arlington . 
 Wyanet. . 
 LaMoille.. 
 Neponset. 
 Princeton . 
 ..do 
 
 Mt. Carroll. . . 
 
 ..do 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Shannon 
 
 Chad wick 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Shannon 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Shannon 
 
 Milledgeville. 
 
 ..do 
 
 ..do 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Milledgeville. 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Shannon 
 
 -.do 
 
 Lanark 
 
 ..do 
 
 ..do 
 
 Milledgeville. 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Chad wick 
 
 Chad wick 
 
 Milledgeville. 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Shannon 
 
 Shannon 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Mt. Carroll. . . 
 Milledgeville. 
 
 Lanark 
 
 ..do 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 93 
 
 10 
 
 2r) 
 20 
 
 17 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 14 
 28 
 23 
 16 
 
 2 
 13 
 
 2 
 134 
 
 336 
 
 22 
 21 
 25 
 10 
 
 260 
 15 
 43 
 23 
 33 
 1 
 15 
 29 
 35 
 53 
 10 
 
 127 
 29 
 98 
 74 
 631 
 23 
 261 
 301 
 10 
 
 f 9 
 25 
 19 
 
 f 11 
 
 [13 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 26 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 20 
 
 156 
 
 110 
 
 625 
 
 58 
 
 72 
 311 
 
 41 
 37 
 29 
 20 
 3 
 5 
 
 140 
 65 
 
 120 
 56 
 89 
 38 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Appraised 
 value. 
 
 $197 75 
 740 00 
 
 $ 937 75 
 
 3, 108 54 
 5,409 44 
 
 $8,517 98 
 
 965 20 
 2, 776 62 
 1,523 35 
 1,347 40 
 947 30 
 121 48 
 2,200 60 
 1,882 80 
 
 1.960 00 
 2,038 71 
 1,607 25 
 
 160 00 
 752 50 
 185 00 
 
 8.961 35 
 
 $27,429 56 
 
 2, 108 00 
 1,312 50 
 1,250 00 
 1,371 72 
 22, 212 20 
 1, 1.35 00 
 2,981 00 
 1,298 50 
 3,304 00 
 
 628 93 
 
 1,430 00 
 
 2,834 00 
 
 3, 113 63 
 
 720 00 
 
 6,597 00 
 
 1,781 00 
 
 5.311 00 
 
 4,548 50 
 
 4,451 00 
 
 1.569 40 
 
 1.300 00 
 
 1,209 00 
 
 897 50 
 
 318 00 
 
 1,532 50 
 
 947'00 
 
 480 00 
 
 570 00 
 
 1,449 00 
 
 336 00 
 
 760 00 
 
 1.689 00 
 
53i 
 
 HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS— Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Postoffiee. 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Appraised 
 value. 
 
 Carroll County— Concluded. 
 J. G. Zier 
 
 Shannon 
 
 42 
 29 
 
 67 
 14 
 
 
 $2 579 00 
 
 Charles Zuck 
 
 
 7 
 
 1 811 00 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1,285 
 
 48 
 51 
 19 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 1,435 
 
 96 
 362 
 
 67 
 
 316 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 S85 385 38 
 
 Cass County- 
 Devlin Bros 
 
 
 4 555 57 
 
 Fred D. Savage & Co 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 6,615 00 
 1 800 00 
 
 L. E. Stribling 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 James E. Thornley 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 3 900 60 
 
 R. Viands 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 285 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 152 
 
 41 
 70 
 52 
 
 844 
 
 13 
 70 
 
 
 $17, 156 17 
 1,899 80 
 
 Champaign County— 
 Wm. Good 
 
 Urbana 
 
 
 Fred Menenga 
 
 Dillsburg 
 
 
 4 318 89 
 
 Wm. Ruckman 
 
 Philo 
 
 
 2,053 82 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 163 
 
 18 
 35 
 
 7 
 
 83 
 
 
 $8 272 51 
 
 Coles County— 
 C. W. Abell 
 
 
 
 1,160 89 
 
 C. W. Stephenson 
 
 ..do 
 
 58 
 .8 
 
 
 2 975 00 
 
 John Tracy & Son 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 '558 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total ^ 
 
 60 
 
 616 
 6 
 
 66 
 
 
 $ 4 693 89 
 
 Cook County- 
 Darlington & Co 
 
 
 
 35, 282 22 
 
 E. C. Separator Co 
 
 ,.do 
 
 
 
 450 00 
 
 Great Western Serum Co 
 
 Chicago 
 
 516 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 
 8,009 10 
 1,390 00 
 
 Chas. Banning 
 
 
 19 
 22 
 22 
 21 
 23 
 29 
 224 
 
 
 F. W. Porep 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1,639 00 
 
 August Renter 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1,290 00 
 
 Aug. Renter 
 
 Barrtngton 
 
 Palatine 
 
 13 
 
 19 
 20 
 
 
 1, 740 00 
 
 Louie Roper 
 
 
 1,470 00 
 
 Wm. Roper 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1,851 00 
 
 Wheeler & Son 
 
 Chicago 
 
 
 8,612 50 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 982 
 
 19 
 24 
 49 
 13 
 31 
 17 
 25 
 10 
 31 
 53 
 22 
 8 
 6 
 17 
 
 583 
 98 
 
 
 $61 733 82 
 
 DeKalb County— 
 A. Anderson 
 
 
 
 1,912 00 
 1,408 97 
 
 Peter Bastian 
 
 Hinckley 
 
 
 A. B. Byers 
 
 Kirkland 
 
 Hinckley 
 
 27 
 56 
 96 
 
 1 
 
 3,092 63 
 2, 040 00 
 
 H. Delano 
 
 Frank Gronberg 
 
 
 
 2,973 76 
 
 Abe Henneway 
 
 Hinckley 
 
 
 1, 175 00 
 
 Hughes & Potter 
 
 ..do 
 
 53 
 
 7 
 76 
 
 
 2,360 75 
 
 Lawrence Marcot 
 
 
 
 672 50 
 
 Medine & Drake 
 
 
 
 2,415 00 
 
 L. M. Olmsted & Son 
 
 Shabbona Grove... 
 
 
 5,228 23 
 
 John F. Reding 
 
 19 
 34 
 32 
 91 
 53 
 109 
 
 21 
 
 1,928 12 
 
 C. J. Reid 
 
 DeKalb 
 
 465 00 
 
 Thos. Rich & John Faissler 
 
 Kirkland 
 
 63 
 2 
 
 1,630 38 
 
 D. E. Streever 
 
 Hinckley 
 
 2, 175 00 
 
 Wm. H. VanArsdale 
 
 Malta 
 
 367 50 
 
 Mrs. Wilson & Sons 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 6, 436 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 379 
 
 73 
 2 
 6 
 8 
 4 
 
 34 
 
 751 
 
 35 
 4 
 
 48 
 
 9 
 
 204 
 
 87 
 
 $36, 280 84 
 
 DeWitt County— 
 C. L. Birttin 
 
 Waynesville 
 
 Midland City 
 
 Waynesville 
 
 Clinton.. 
 
 4,433 00 
 
 Henry Harpster 
 
 
 194 02 
 
 Otto C. Marvel 
 
 
 632 25 
 
 Ira Pollock 
 
 
 843 25 
 
 Archie Swan 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 2,293 75 
 
 P. K. Wilson 
 
 ..do .... 
 
 
 1,477 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 127 
 
 181 
 94 
 
 300 
 
 168 
 
 214 
 
 1 
 
 
 $ 9, 873 38 
 
 Douglas County— 
 A. W. Bragg 
 
 Tuscola 
 
 
 13,298 75 
 
 J. G. Bragg 
 
 
 
 9,815 23 
 
 Saniel Fetherofl 
 
 
 
 15 00 
 
 P. J. Gates 
 
 Tuscola 
 
 32 
 
 
 1,448 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 307 
 
 383 
 
 
 $24,577 08 
 
 
 
 
HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS- Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 DiiPage County- 
 Barton Herd 
 
 Natluiii IJomberger. 
 
 M. Brackenberg 
 
 C. R. Burgess 
 
 C. E. Perry 
 
 M. F. Fey 
 
 A. Fibiger 
 
 John Foos 
 
 Otto Frahin 
 
 H. E. Fraloy 
 
 John darling 
 
 W. B. Kinsella 
 
 F. E. Krage 
 
 Robert Liebrandt.. 
 
 Louis Buebke 
 
 C. O. llcChesney.. . 
 
 Fred McCoy 
 
 Peter ModalT 
 
 Hans Mocller 
 
 F. Mueller 
 
 M. A. Myers 
 
 Ernest Overcash 
 
 R. S. Pahlman 
 
 W. H. Porter 
 
 W. B. Rubright 
 
 Albert Stnibler 
 
 W. B. Swiney 
 
 Edward Wolsfeld... 
 
 Total. 
 
 Edgar County- 
 Dan Arthur 
 
 Caleb Stanfield . . 
 Foster Stanfield. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Ford County— 
 Wm. Kneale. 
 
 Fulton County- 
 Fred Barnfield 
 
 Kenneth Bobbett 
 
 Mrs. Fannie Butler. .. 
 
 W. H. Chenoweth 
 
 A. Dikeman 
 
 N. Foster 
 
 August Johnson 
 
 Ida & Frank Johnson. 
 
 Chas. Mings 
 
 J. C. Pierce 
 
 Total. 
 
 Greene County — 
 J. G. Barnett... 
 
 Grundy County — 
 Coveny Bros Kinsman . 
 
 Roy Enger. 
 
 Isham Bros 
 
 Gustave E. Johnson. 
 
 Ole Johnson 
 
 A. D. Landphere 
 
 A. D. Landphere. . . . 
 
 P. G. Larson 
 
 L. Lauritsen 
 
 Martin Bros 
 
 Harry Peacock 
 
 John Rosendahl 
 
 C. W. Wildey 
 
 M. H. Wilcox 
 
 Total. 
 
 Hancock County — 
 F. W. Barnhart. 
 John Gahlo 
 
 Postoffice. 
 
 Hinsdale 
 
 Naperville 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Bensenville . . . 
 Naperville 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Elmhurst 
 
 Naperville 
 
 West Chicago. 
 Naperville 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hinsdale 
 
 Naperville 
 
 do 
 
 Wheaton 
 
 Naperville 
 
 do 
 
 Elmhurst 
 
 Naperville 
 
 Paris, 
 do., 
 do.. 
 
 Kempton . 
 
 Avon 
 
 Avon 
 
 ..do 
 
 Table Grove. 
 Farmington. 
 Yates City... 
 Table Grove. 
 
 Avon 
 
 ..do 
 
 ..do 
 
 White Hall. 
 
 Morris . 
 Maxon . 
 Morris. 
 Morris . 
 Mazon. 
 ..do... 
 Morris. 
 ..do... 
 Mazon. 
 Morris. 
 ..do... 
 ..do... 
 ..do... 
 
 Carthage. 
 Ferris 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 864 
 
 1 
 "31 
 
 496 
 
 7 
 1 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 37 
 
 107 
 42 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 7 
 216 
 82 
 30 
 295 
 139 
 54 
 
 101 
 4 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 241 
 1 
 
 Appraised 
 value. 
 
 $48, 450 00 
 805 30 
 1,808 00 
 1,387 57 
 1,123 00 
 1,515 92 
 2,944 45 
 3, 129 20 
 4, 626 2.5 
 2, 008 72 
 2, 144 33 
 744 60 
 
 2.813 25 
 2,012 17 
 1, 723 75 
 5,6.50 75 
 2, 036 64 
 2,029 75 
 
 1.814 86 
 1,639 76 
 
 165 00 
 2, 786 40 
 1,586 40 
 794 94 
 675 55 
 1,491 40 
 1, 162 37 
 3,803 75 
 
 $102,874 08 
 
 80 00 
 
 750 00 
 
 1,269 75 
 
 $2,099 75 
 
 4.288 23 
 
 1, 269 00 
 
 912 00 
 
 65 00 
 
 2,548 00 
 
 2,151 25" 
 
 2.328 00 
 
 647 00 
 
 5,391 00 
 
 6.224 90 
 
 703 00 
 
 $22,239 15 
 
 2. 555 00 
 
 2,503 33 
 
 375 00 
 
 16, 350 70 
 
 767 60 
 
 263 40 
 
 4, 694 91 
 
 870 00 
 322 50 
 430 00 
 593 50 
 855 00 
 
 871 66 
 606 20 
 
 16,330 14 
 
 $45, 833 94 
 
 345 75 
 45 00 
 
54 
 
 HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS-Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Postoflace. 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Appraised 
 value. 
 
 Hancock County— Concluded. 
 E. C. Hancock 
 
 Ferris 
 
 1 
 
 37 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 19 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 $ 51 00 
 3 974 90 
 
 P. W. Ingstrom 
 
 LaHarpe 
 
 164 
 2 
 
 
 Rosetta Jacks 
 
 Ferris 
 
 
 104 00 
 
 Rosetta Jacks 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 54 00 
 
 D. F. McCollom 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 
 45 00 
 
 Harvard Pettit 
 
 Carthage 
 
 
 
 30 00 
 
 John W. Schenck 
 
 Ferris 
 
 2 
 
 
 302 05 
 
 Amos Seaver 
 
 McCall 
 
 
 25 00 
 
 Sarah E. Stidum 
 
 Carthage 
 
 
 
 75 00 
 
 J. F.Stidum 
 
 Pilot Grove 
 
 ..do 
 
 25 
 
 
 345 00 
 
 J. D. Stidum 
 
 
 1 282 00 
 
 W.S. Stidum 
 
 
 
 
 460 00 
 
 Mrs. W. S. Stidum 
 
 ..do.. 
 
 
 
 45 00 
 
 Fred Whetrick 
 
 Ferris 
 
 
 
 414 87 
 
 John D. Whitcomb 
 
 ..do 
 
 10 
 
 98 
 71 
 
 2 
 
 457 00 
 
 G. F. Wilson 
 
 ..do 
 
 966 00 
 
 A. W. Youngmeyer 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1 604 30 
 
 ■ Edward Youngmeyer 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 445 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 140 
 
 61 
 
 10 
 4 
 21 
 44 
 9 
 
 f 
 
 373 
 
 75 
 
 84 
 66 
 22 
 86 
 8 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 $11,070 87 
 7,984 00 
 1 310 50 
 
 Henderson County— 
 H.N.Vaughn 
 
 Stronghurst 
 
 Osco 
 
 Henry County- 
 Jesse Anderson 
 
 
 Hugh Armstrong 
 
 Atkinson 
 
 
 1 053 37 
 
 John Bode 
 
 
 
 1 704 25 
 
 S. Brownlee 
 
 Woodhull 
 
 1 
 
 2,963 75 
 583 00 
 
 Harry Erdman 
 
 
 John C. Glowe 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 588 75 
 
 James Goodrich 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 40 00 
 
 Carl Gustafson 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 1 
 
 57 
 5 
 24 
 33 
 29 
 20 
 1 
 12 
 60 
 23 
 7 
 46 
 11 
 15 
 73 
 33 
 74 
 94 
 34 
 
 
 20 00 
 
 Henry Lewis 
 
 Genesee 
 
 10 
 4 
 2 
 
 43 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 9 
 
 21 
 
 36 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 
 832 50 
 
 Park McHenry 
 
 ..do 
 
 31 
 
 494 75 
 
 Ray Mandel 
 
 ..do 
 
 320 50 
 
 A. E. Miller 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 3 550 50 
 
 A.J.Nelson 
 
 Cambridge . 
 
 
 '.568 75 
 
 C. W. Nelson 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 415 00 
 
 J. E. Ogden 
 
 Genesee 
 
 
 165 00 
 
 C. A. Olson 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 826 25 
 
 Grant Olson 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1 943 00 
 
 W. L. Painter 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 2 002 75 
 
 S. S. Rapp 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 178 75 
 
 Robertson Bros 
 
 Cambridge . 
 
 
 1 110 75 
 
 Louis Schmoll 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 74 00 
 
 Mar. Sedgely 
 
 
 5 
 5 
 28 
 13 
 22 
 9 
 
 
 545 00 
 
 Thomas Tor rence 
 
 ..do 
 
 25 
 
 1,042 62 
 
 Melvin Van Hyfte 
 
 
 1 384 50 
 
 Gust Van Vooren 
 
 
 
 l'222 50 
 
 W. H. Wilson 
 
 
 41 
 
 2,063 75 
 
 G. W. Wolf 
 
 ..do 
 
 874 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 330 
 
 1 
 
 34 
 
 2 
 
 931 
 
 2 
 15 
 11 
 
 98 
 
 $27 878 49 
 
 Iroquois Coimty— 
 Frank Frame 
 
 Milford 
 
 95 25 
 
 W. W. Loveless 
 
 Miltord 
 
 
 1 710 27 
 
 Stanley E. Reeves 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 277 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 37 
 
 41 
 
 33 
 35 
 43 
 29 
 16 
 27 
 43 
 48 
 45 
 56 
 59 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 31 
 
 9 
 
 120 
 
 45 
 
 
 $2,082 52 
 2 322 00 
 
 JoDaviess County- 
 Perry McTeek 
 
 Stockton 
 
 
 Kane Coimty— 
 E.H.Allen 
 
 
 
 2,435 00 
 
 P. C. Anderson 
 
 Virgil 
 
 
 2,885 25 
 
 Geo. Bartelt 
 
 
 
 3, 167 50 
 
 Ray Bastian 
 
 Sugar Grove 
 
 Big Rock 
 
 39 
 
 3,606 48 
 
 C. M. Bower 
 
 1 726 14 
 
 Frank Buelter . . ., 
 
 
 
 1,544 00 
 
 Gust F. Carlson 
 
 
 
 
 3, 102 50 
 
 Chapman Farm 
 
 3ugar Grove 
 
 Elburn 
 
 2 
 20 
 22 
 108 
 53 
 
 
 3, 147 45 
 
 Sulvester Cloney 
 
 
 2,975 00 
 3, 332 45 
 7, 427 23 
 2, 630 00 
 
 W.J. Close..... 
 
 
 
 George Dauberman 
 
 tfaplePark 
 
 9 
 
 Mrs. Emily Hartman 
 
 
 
 
55 
 
 HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS-Continiied. 
 
 Naiqe. 
 
 Postoflice. 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Appraised 
 value. 
 
 Kane County— CoTicluded. 
 
 Wasco 
 
 1 
 34 
 15 
 
 
 
 S 60 00 
 
 3 177 .50 
 
 
 Sugar Grove 
 
 Big Rock 
 
 81 
 16 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 
 823 00 
 
 Rav Kahl 
 
 Big Rock 
 
 
 19 50 
 
 
 Elgin 
 
 2,-> 
 18 
 50 
 31 
 43 
 32 
 31 
 55 
 25 
 39 
 57 
 
 
 1 633 10 
 
 
 Sugar Grove 
 
 ..do 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 244 
 
 
 1, 186 25 
 
 R. 11. Miizholl 
 
 8 
 
 4 845 05 
 
 
 Big Rock 
 
 4 832 08 
 
 
 Gilberts 
 
 
 3 430 00 
 
 
 Sugar Grove 
 
 St. Charles 
 
 12 
 
 
 2 282 50 
 
 
 
 1 031 00 
 
 Frank Sharp 
 
 Elburn 
 
 49 
 10 
 199 
 53 
 
 
 3 967 33 
 
 
 Sugar Grove 
 
 ..do 
 
 33 
 
 2 239 12 
 
 D.A.Thomas 
 
 4 685 18 
 
 G. n. Wisbrock 
 
 Batavia 
 
 
 4 068 62 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 918 
 
 26 
 
 58 
 
 1,118 
 
 48 
 82 
 
 110 
 
 $76,859 23 
 1 .SS2 34 
 
 Kankakee County- 
 Ray Greenawalt 
 
 Momence 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 2,777 22 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 84 
 
 25 
 8 
 2 
 49 
 34 
 36 
 41 
 44 
 65 
 26 
 55 
 14 
 39 
 80 
 22 
 
 130 
 
 
 $4 359 56 
 
 Kendall County— 
 
 Oswego 
 
 
 1,613 93 
 
 G. M. Bower 
 
 ..do 
 
 10 
 
 
 551 25 
 
 G. G. Collins 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 170 00 
 
 Tom Collins . . . 
 
 ..do 
 
 21 
 31 
 150 
 29 
 90 
 32 
 70 
 
 
 3 248 95 
 
 C.C.Davis 
 
 Yorkville 
 
 
 1 799 42 
 
 
 Piano 
 
 
 3,803 61 
 
 
 Bristol 
 
 
 2, 147 20 
 
 
 Piano 
 
 
 3 255 77 
 
 Harvey Bros 
 
 0. Hem& Son 
 
 
 
 4,877 50 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 2,676 69 
 
 G. H. Hetterich & Son 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 4,696 59 
 
 Harry E. Lak in 
 
 Piano 
 
 36 
 
 19 
 
 1,619 51 
 
 
 
 2, 761 55 
 
 
 Piano 
 
 47 
 54 
 
 
 5,969 75 
 
 Pislica & Simons 
 
 Oswego 
 
 
 2,368 80 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 540 
 
 10 
 8 
 10 
 
 570 
 
 12 
 91 
 37 
 150 
 
 19 
 
 $41,560 52 
 1, 170 00 
 
 Knox County — 
 Carey & Broadfleld 
 
 Yates City 
 
 D. Corey & Son 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1, 622 .50 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 1, 156 12 
 
 Arthur Goddard 
 
 
 
 1,125 00 
 
 
 Yates City 
 
 37 
 49 
 19 
 9 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 2,705 00 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 43 
 
 158 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 65 
 
 
 2, 5.50 50 
 
 R. V. Ragsdale 
 
 .do 
 
 
 2,048 12 
 
 J.A.Sherman 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 561 00 
 
 
 ..do .• 
 
 
 286 00 
 
 Edith A. Ware 
 
 do 
 
 
 802 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 148 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 21 
 1 
 
 32 
 
 580 
 
 
 $14, 026 24 
 
 Lake County— 
 C. M. Brown 
 
 Gurnee 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 45 00 
 
 C. H. Harr 
 
 
 
 135 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,205 00 
 
 B. Nabor 
 
 .do 
 
 
 
 60 00 
 
 McCullough Bros 
 
 
 
 
 2,283 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 58 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 22 
 
 87 
 
 
 
 $3, 728 13 
 
 LaSalle County— 
 T. J. Gheer 
 
 
 25 
 47 
 31 
 59 
 
 
 1, 238 00 
 
 Hyland & Everett 
 
 
 
 1,96.5 00 
 
 D. E. Miller 
 
 
 
 1,789 6fi 
 
 
 
 
 5, 247 32 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 129 
 
 34 
 1 
 
 25 
 
 162 
 72 
 
 
 $10,239 98 
 
 Lee County— 
 
 
 
 3, 390 30 
 
 J L Coss 
 
 do 
 
 
 85 00 
 
 C. C. Faber 
 
 .do 
 
 42 
 
 
 2,331 05 
 
 
 
 
 
56 
 
 HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS-Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Postoffice. 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Appraised 
 value. 
 
 Lee County — Conclvded. 
 Anson Rosenkrans 
 
 Paw Paw 
 
 43 
 16 
 63 
 81 
 
 
 
 $2,243 00 
 2 190 50 
 
 Fred W. Smith 
 
 ..do 
 
 157 
 83 
 
 7 
 
 
 A. H. Yenerich 
 
 ..do 
 
 7 
 
 4 987 11 
 
 Paul McKemia 
 
 Dixon 
 
 4 177 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 263 
 
 35 
 94 
 49 
 40 
 8 
 5 
 
 361 
 
 39 
 85 
 68 
 13 
 13 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 $19,314 66 
 2 122 92 
 
 Livingston County— 
 A. Bruer 
 
 Pontiac 
 
 Walter Gillman 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 5 759 75 
 
 Ed. Hagerty 
 
 Dwight 
 
 
 5 560 58 
 
 J. E. Pearson 
 
 Chatsworth 
 
 Pontiac 
 
 
 1 860 00 
 
 R. Pifager 
 
 
 598 26 
 
 S.B.Ward 
 
 Chatsworth 
 
 
 307 00 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 231 
 
 24 
 166 
 
 4 
 
 222 
 
 58 
 73 
 24 
 
 
 $15,608 51 
 2 275 03 
 
 Logan County- 
 Isaac Gupton 
 
 Middletown 
 
 Beason 
 
 
 Geo Johnston 
 
 
 9 744 87 
 
 Ernest Matthews 
 
 ..do 
 
 6 
 
 567 10 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 194 
 
 32 
 72 
 3 
 12 
 
 28 
 36 
 30 
 65 
 
 155 
 
 182 
 121 
 42 
 31 
 24 
 43 
 87 
 109 
 
 6 
 
 $12,587 00 
 3 448 85 
 
 McDonough County— 
 Geo. Alexander 
 
 Blandinsville 
 
 ..do 
 
 H. L. Argenbright 
 
 
 6 676 80 
 
 C.H. Fox 
 
 Good Hope 
 
 Sciota 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 460 50 
 
 Thalus Huston 
 
 
 715 00 
 
 L. B. Keys 
 
 
 1 402 00 
 
 J. McGrue 
 
 Walnut Grove 
 
 Blandinsville 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 2 525 03 
 
 Andy Oelson 
 
 
 2 795 00 
 
 J. E. Stickle..... 
 
 
 5 562 80 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 278 
 
 49 
 6 
 27 
 49 
 49 
 
 639 
 12 
 
 
 $23, 585 98 
 4 560 00 
 
 McHenry County- 
 Charles Albright 
 
 
 
 Lester Haynes 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Union 
 
 
 120 00 
 
 Walter Hopt :. . 
 
 
 
 1 395 00 
 
 James Lowe 
 
 
 11 
 
 22 
 44 
 55 
 
 
 4,400 10 
 
 Fred C. Meyer 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 3 939 70 
 
 Sheldon & Converse 
 
 Union 
 
 
 386 80 
 
 Sorenson & Stone 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Union 
 
 42 
 25 
 
 
 3, 400 39 
 
 Frank Trebes 
 
 
 1,575 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 247 
 
 22 
 33 
 67 
 53 
 25 
 
 5 
 91 
 65 
 
 4 
 87 
 
 4 
 43 
 
 144 
 
 84 
 47 
 136 
 88 
 82 
 67 
 
 
 $19 825 60 
 
 McLean County — 
 Anderson & Kraft 
 
 
 
 
 C. F. Arnold 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 
 J. W.Cole 
 
 Holder 
 
 19 
 
 
 Donohue Bros 
 
 
 5,992 03 
 
 Steve Drew 
 
 Holder 
 
 
 
 Ray Eastwood 
 
 
 
 1,591 80 
 
 Price H. Jones 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 
 Jacob Mohr 
 
 
 108 
 53 
 80 
 29 
 70 
 
 
 7,024 68 
 
 Silas Schad 
 
 ..do. 
 
 21 
 245 
 
 
 V. W. Stover 
 
 
 8,861 28 
 
 Clarence Strimple 
 
 Bloomington 
 
 Lexington . 
 
 
 Alexander J. Woodward 
 
 
 3, 352 97 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 499 
 
 25 
 88 
 
 844 
 
 31 
 136 
 
 285 
 
 $26, 822 76 
 2,644 66 
 
 Macon County— 
 W. S.Smith 
 
 Mt. Zion 
 
 E.S.Ulery 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 9, 846 83 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 113 
 
 51 
 
 18 
 
 167 
 
 
 $12,491 49 
 
 Marshall County- 
 Jay Fairbanks 
 
 Lacon 
 
 Sparland 
 
 
 2, 880 00 
 
 W. S. Osborne 
 
 34 
 
 
 1,411 00 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 69 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 34 
 
 7 
 23 
 
 
 $4, 291 00 
 428 00 
 
 Menard Coimty — 
 A. E. Banay 
 
 
 
 E. S. Beard 
 
 ..do . 
 
 
 473 00 
 
 
 
 
 
57 
 
 HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS-Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Postofflce. 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Appraised 
 value. 
 
 Menard County— Concluded. 
 J. 0. Bell 
 
 Tallula 
 
 2 
 32 
 52 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 , 5 
 
 2 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 29 
 167 
 52 
 12 
 
 
 < 476 25 
 
 John P. Blane 
 
 
 
 3,344 65 
 
 II. E. Boeker 
 
 Talulla 
 
 
 7,287 79 
 
 Harry Brown . 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1,8.54 57 
 
 
 
 
 196 25 
 
 
 Greenview 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 85 00 
 
 E. E. Claypool 
 
 4 
 
 264 
 
 51 
 
 46 
 
 
 2, 135 00 
 
 C. P. Corzen 
 
 Tallula 
 
 
 4,532 .50 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 860 49 
 
 Harrv B. Denton 
 
 Greenview 
 
 
 464 00 
 
 Dick W. Evers 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 672 00 
 
 D. L. Fitzgerald 
 
 Sweetwater 
 
 Greenview 
 
 
 
 130 CO 
 
 Jasper Freeman 
 
 3 
 
 
 21 00 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 65 00 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 57 
 190 
 2 
 20 
 156 
 114 
 72 
 77 
 18 
 28 
 
 
 200 00 
 
 A. C. McAtee 
 
 ..do 
 
 4 
 172 
 
 
 813 25 
 
 11. J. Marbold 
 
 ..do 
 
 30 
 
 15,560 10 
 
 J. Marion . . . 
 
 Talulla 
 
 45 00 
 
 Dick Peters 
 
 Athens 
 
 5 
 74 
 21 
 5 
 
 82 
 2 
 8 
 6 
 
 
 498 75 
 
 S. 0. Savage 
 
 Tallula 
 
 1 
 
 7,288 02 
 
 Schone Bros 
 
 ..do 
 
 2,111 00 
 
 John J. Simmering 
 
 
 
 912 50 
 
 Q. N. Spear . . 
 
 Tallula 
 
 
 7,356 75 
 
 Geo. Stahl 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 321 87 
 
 Clarence Stire 
 
 
 
 926 17 
 
 
 
 
 295 00 
 
 Elijah Swinev 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 99 
 
 695 20 
 
 John Terhime 
 
 Sweetwater 
 
 Petersburg . 
 
 26 
 
 11 
 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 1,355 00 
 
 Lucian Terhune 
 
 21 
 101 
 4 
 14 
 19 
 
 
 919 50 
 
 Karl J. Tice 
 
 Greenview 
 
 
 2, 108 62 
 
 Samuel Trenarry 
 
 Tallula 
 
 
 150 00 
 
 Frank Wilhelm 
 
 
 
 835 00 
 
 Richard Woodrum 
 
 Tallula 
 
 
 418 37 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 668 
 
 2 
 
 84 
 
 32 
 
 87 
 
 90 
 
 74 
 
 20 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 61 
 
 24 
 
 29 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 1,.576 
 
 130 
 
 $65,835 60 
 
 Merc«r County- 
 Ed Anderson ^ 
 
 Viola 
 
 130 00 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 60 
 133 
 118 
 284 
 230 
 
 91 
 
 
 3,165 00 
 
 Frank Baxter 
 
 
 
 3,916 00 
 
 Cameron & Co 
 
 
 
 4,697 50 
 
 Lewis D. Canum . 
 
 Aledo . 
 
 
 10, 154 53 
 
 C. C. Carlson 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 5,052 00 
 
 Mrs. Kate Clark & Frank Clark 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1,715 00 
 
 Mrs. Kate & Frank Clark. . 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 632 50 
 
 Will Fell 
 
 ..do 
 
 94 
 43 
 32 
 53 
 
 
 1. 178 00 
 
 J. M. Fisher 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 503 50 
 
 John 0. Goddard . . 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 371 00 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 804 50 
 
 W. B. Main 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 2,530 00 
 
 Alex Mavhew 
 
 ..do 
 
 75 
 
 31 
 
 15 
 
 100 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 
 2, 146 18 
 
 Miller &'Willits. 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 2,561 00 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 523 50 
 
 H. Perrin. 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 686 50 
 
 E. C. Robbins 
 
 
 
 1,450 00 
 
 John Schroll 
 
 
 
 590 00 
 
 Edward Smith 
 
 do 
 
 
 100 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 590 
 
 5 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 61 
 
 1,381 
 
 6 
 8 
 
 
 $42,906 71 
 
 Morgan Coimty— 
 I. E. Liter 
 
 Jacksonville 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 385 50 
 
 B.C.Madison 
 
 
 1, 208 00 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 120 00 
 
 M. Schneider 
 
 .do 
 
 2 
 30 
 
 
 100 00 
 
 J. M. Starr 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 5,264 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 86 
 
 6 
 16 
 25 
 19 
 126 
 
 46 
 
 17 
 14 
 54 
 3 
 12 
 
 
 $7,077 50 
 
 Moultrie County— 
 J. B. Davis 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Bruce 
 
 do 
 
 
 547 13 
 
 J N Marble 
 
 
 1,089 SO 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 W. P. Stricklan 
 
 
 1,280 50 
 
 J B Tabor 
 
 Allenville 
 
 
 10,241 65 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 192 
 
 100 
 
 10 1 $13, 159 08 
 
 
 
 1 
 
58' 
 
 HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS— Continued, 
 
 Name. 
 
 Postoffice. 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Appraised 
 value. 
 
 Ogle County— 
 F. Althouse 
 
 Mt. Morris 
 
 54 
 65 
 47 
 20 
 22 
 25 
 25 
 21 
 12 
 48 
 20 
 
 100 
 106 
 38 
 8 
 29 
 47 
 6 
 32 
 91 
 56 
 
 
 $4, 021 00 
 4 252 75 
 
 C. C. Bamett 
 
 Polo 
 
 
 James Baxter 
 
 Creston 
 
 
 3 094 38 
 
 Herman Bearman 
 
 Mt. Morris 
 
 
 1 125 00 
 
 Henry Fravert 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1,690 37 
 
 Yost Frey 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1 792 50 
 
 W. J. Hereby 
 
 Stillman Valley 
 
 Mt. Morris 
 
 
 1 527 60 
 
 George Horst 
 
 
 1 433 06 
 
 Louisa Horts 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1 685 00 
 
 Clias. Houpt 
 
 Polo 
 
 
 4,010 00 
 
 Fred Zundalil 
 
 
 
 1 089 08 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 359 
 952 
 
 76 
 4 
 
 44 
 3 
 5 
 
 513 
 
 
 $25 720 74 
 
 Peoria County- 
 Morris & Co 
 
 Peoria 
 
 
 76 064 80 
 
 Piatt County— 
 J. W. Bateman 
 
 
 137 
 70 
 89 
 
 
 6,639 20 
 
 C. 0. Gillespie 
 
 Harris 
 
 
 632 25 
 
 George Howe 
 
 Mansfield 
 
 
 3,702 23 
 
 R. E. Howe 
 
 -.do 
 
 
 127 80 
 
 S. F. Howe 
 
 ..do 
 
 35 
 30 
 
 
 630 12 
 
 Will V. Roth 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 367 15 
 
 John Slavin ... 
 
 Bement 
 
 36 
 
 
 2,213 75 
 
 H. L. & A. P. Swartz 
 
 Mansfield . . . ' . 
 
 25 
 
 
 425 87 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total .' 
 
 168 
 
 64 
 19 
 3 
 33 
 
 386 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 
 $14, 738 37 
 
 2,919 00 
 973 00 
 
 Putnam County— 
 H. W. Downey 
 
 
 
 Sa. Longman 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 Mrs. Reed & Son 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 170 00 
 
 A. L. Stickel 
 
 -.do 
 
 
 
 1,894 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 119 
 
 14 
 
 88 
 
 14 
 
 100 
 
 7 
 
 12z 
 
 
 $ 5,956 70 
 797 50 
 
 Rock Island County— 
 Wm. McMahon 
 
 Reynolds 
 
 
 Sangamon County- 
 Ben W. BrowTi 
 
 New Berlin 
 
 Pleasant Plains 
 
 ..do 
 
 13 
 32 
 
 467 
 22 
 
 
 3,325 84 
 
 E. S. James 
 
 
 1,624 97 
 
 R. B. Correll 
 
 
 12,432 01 
 
 Percy Wilcox 
 
 New Berlin 
 
 
 518 90 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 209 
 
 44 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 27 
 
 634 
 
 40 
 19 
 32 
 
 2 
 
 
 $17,901 72 
 
 Stephenson County- 
 Hiram Blair 
 
 Pearl City 
 
 8 
 
 2,453 60 
 
 Mrs. Frank Blue 
 
 ..do . . 
 
 268 50 
 
 Simon Brinkmeier 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1, 188 00 
 
 Wm. A. Ethridge . . . 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 1, 178 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 91 
 
 66 
 62 
 10 
 31 
 
 93 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 $5,088 10 
 4, 104 82 
 
 Vermilion Wounty— 
 H. L. Baum 
 
 Sidell 
 
 George Buchanan 
 
 Georgetown 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 2, 170 00 
 
 Larence Gustafson 
 
 19 
 39 
 
 
 707 00 
 
 Grant Jones 
 
 Sidell 
 
 
 2,154 75 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 169 
 
 15 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 45 
 
 58 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 71 
 
 17 
 3 
 157 
 100 
 70 
 26 
 18 
 181 
 
 
 $9, 136 57 
 
 Warren County— 
 H. M. Armstrong 
 
 Little York 
 
 
 1, 100 00 
 
 
 1, 240 00 
 1,399 50 
 
 J. R. Bloomer . . . 
 
 Roseville 
 
 Monmouth 
 
 
 
 
 1,072 50 
 
 A. J. Brent 
 
 
 2,985 00 
 
 T. H. Brent 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 5,853 00 
 
 T. H. Brent 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 2, 652 00 
 
 
 Little York 
 
 Monmouth 
 
 Little York 
 
 Monmouth 
 
 
 1,772 00 
 
 F. Butler 
 
 
 425 00 
 
 Wm. Dugan 
 
 84 
 50 
 
 57 
 
 
 1,429 50 
 
 W. E. Elliott 
 
 
 2,724 00 
 
 Samuel Francis 
 
 
 831 00 
 
 D. C. Frantz 
 
 Monmouth 
 
 
 337 50 
 
 
 
 
 
59 
 
 HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS— Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 WaSren County— Concluded. 
 
 W. H. Gillen 
 
 Gordon & Watson 
 
 F. R. Houlton , 
 
 A. M. Irving 
 
 Irwin Bros 
 
 A. M. Kane 
 
 W. R. Karns 
 
 Geo. O. Kelley 
 
 Leo. F. Krause 
 
 Langridge & Watson 
 
 T. A. Moore 
 
 T. F. Morris 
 
 Nicoll Bros 
 
 A. S. O'Neal 
 
 P. H. Parson 
 
 G. G. Porter & Son 
 
 Thos. Ray 
 
 F. W. Reem 
 
 A. D. Rolston 
 
 C. E. Ross 
 
 Roy Ross 
 
 W. O. Shore 
 
 E. P. Smith 
 
 Ora Smith 
 
 S. J. Smith 
 
 P.J. Stem 
 
 G. W. Tinkham 
 
 E. O. Tipton 
 
 Mrs. J. Towney 
 
 H. C. Willard 
 
 C. E. Williamson 
 
 W.H.Wood 
 
 Total. 
 
 Whiteside County — 
 Swan Anderson. . . 
 Clarence Ardapple. 
 
 W. Bates 
 
 Richard Bell 
 
 Richard Bell 
 
 Eppa Boerma 
 
 Fred Beswick 
 
 J. J. Bristle 
 
 J. F. Coonev 
 
 Mrs. John Cooney. , 
 Hiram Damhoff . . . 
 
 John Dawson 
 
 A. J. Ent whistle... 
 J. J. Entwhistle.. . 
 J. J. Entwhistle... 
 
 J. H. Gaffey 
 
 Fred Gertin 
 
 J. P. Glassbum 
 
 J. G. Green 
 
 Henry Haberer 
 
 Ben L. Hammer. . . 
 
 Roy Hammer 
 
 R. M. Hillier 
 
 Walter Hofl 
 
 C. C. Huiyenga 
 
 Geo. Humphrey... 
 Geo. J. Ingerson... 
 Christ M. Jansen. . . 
 
 Ed. Knalsen 
 
 R. C. Knox 
 
 F. M. LaDue 
 
 Arian Landheer... 
 W. G. Lawrence. . . 
 
 James Leahy 
 
 Arlie Love." 
 
 P. J. McCabe 
 
 J. Y. McCall 
 
 A. C. Olson 
 
 Patterson Bros 
 
 Potter & Knox 
 
 H. H. Russell 
 
 Mr. Russell 
 
 Postoflice. 
 
 ..do 
 
 Kirkwood . . . 
 
 ..do 
 
 Monmouth . . 
 Youngstown. 
 Swancreek... 
 
 Roseville 
 
 Monmouth.. 
 
 ..do 
 
 Kirkwood . . . 
 
 ..do 
 
 Little York.. 
 
 ..do 
 
 Roseville 
 
 Monmouth. . . 
 Little York . . 
 
 Berwick 
 
 Alexis 
 
 Monmouth. . . 
 
 Roseville 
 
 ..do 
 
 Swancreek. .. 
 Smithshire. . . 
 Kirkwood. . . 
 Little York.. 
 
 Roseville 
 
 Kirkwood . . . 
 Monmouth . . 
 
 Roseville 
 
 Kirkwood . . . 
 Monmouth . . , 
 Smithshire... 
 
 Tampico 
 
 Morrison 
 
 Fulton 
 
 ..do 
 
 Fulton 
 
 ..do 
 
 Morrison 
 
 Union Grove. . 
 Sterling 
 
 do 
 
 Fulton 
 
 Deer Grove . . . 
 Morrison 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Rock Falls 
 
 Sterling 
 
 Tampico 
 
 Morrison 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Tampico 
 
 Albany 
 
 Fenton 
 
 Morrison 
 
 Fulton 
 
 Morrison 
 
 do 
 
 Union Grove. . 
 Prophetstown. 
 
 Sterling 
 
 Fulton 
 
 Tampico 
 
 do 
 
 Sterling 
 
 Morrison 
 
 do 
 
 Union Grove. . 
 
 Morrison 
 
 Tampico 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 615 
 
 3 
 
 71 
 13 
 43 
 73 
 88 
 39 
 28 
 103 
 32 
 18 
 29 
 21 
 37 
 17 
 22 
 22 
 29 
 23 
 6 
 22 
 50 
 46 
 16 
 31 
 31 
 32 
 22 
 31 
 11 
 12 
 5 
 48 
 29 
 45 
 45 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 117 
 90 
 73 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 64 
 83 
 117 
 
 63 
 
 72 
 
 174 
 
 3 
 
 51 
 
 138 
 
 58 
 
 41 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 52 
 
 19 
 
 45 
 
 31 
 
 125 
 
 260 
 
 121 
 
 56 
 29 
 66 
 115 
 
 2,864 
 
 145 
 71 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 71 
 
 22 
 
 18 
 170 
 34 
 73 
 
 7 
 
 187 
 
 73 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 81 
 
 8 
 95 
 59 
 99 
 15 
 
 77 
 63 
 152 
 
 Appraised 
 value. 
 
 SI, 418 50 
 718 87 
 693 00 
 
 4, 252 00 
 
 1,115 00 
 
 2,905 00 
 949 00 
 
 2, .552 00 
 340 00 
 409 50 
 90 00 
 489 00 
 
 1, 572 00 
 
 70 00 
 
 820 50 
 
 3,326 .50 
 
 328 00 
 
 451 00 
 
 80 00 
 
 350 50 
 
 1,177 50 
 544 60 
 426 00 
 459 00 
 
 4,677 50 
 
 3, 127 00 
 915 00 
 50 00 
 669 00 
 425 00 
 703 50 
 
 1,360 50 
 
 $61, 285 87 
 
 2,610 20 
 1,307 80 
 1,616 50 
 
 809 60 
 14 00 
 
 2.53 00 
 3, 630 50 
 
 716 40 
 
 3.558 80 
 3, 185 00 
 7, 660 00 
 2,620 10 
 1,279 00 
 
 11,0,59 55 
 1, 189 50 
 1,205 50 
 2,4.59 20 
 1,001 00 
 2,237 00 
 854 00 
 1,544 40 
 2,693 20 
 1,772 29 
 2,923 19 
 307 50 
 1,216 50 
 7,843 75 
 2, 726 00 
 1,017 32 
 1,929 50 
 4,094 50 
 1,420 40 
 1, 839 35 
 1,958 80 
 
 1. 559 50 
 756 60 
 375 00 
 
 3, 292 50 
 2,261 20 
 4, 592 60 
 2,989 23 
 
60 
 
 HERDS SLAUGHTERED WITHIN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS— Concluded. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Postoffice. 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Appraised 
 value. 
 
 Whiteside County— Concluded. 
 Anson Rheim 
 
 Mt. Pleasant 
 
 19 
 20 
 29 
 59 
 15 
 33 
 49 
 16 
 7 
 
 13 
 18 
 31 
 26 
 83 
 
 29 
 92 
 
 
 $1,006 50 
 1 794 50 
 
 
 
 C. F. Senior 
 
 Albany 
 
 
 1 317 40 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 
 2 148 57 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 
 717 50 
 
 
 Fulton 
 
 62 
 76 
 
 28 
 
 
 2,730 64 
 3, 763 00 
 1 142 58 
 
 A. F. Stalcup 
 
 
 
 D. W. Steiner 
 
 Union Grove 
 
 Fulton 
 
 
 
 
 360 00 
 
 D.A.Wilson 
 
 Erie 
 
 
 
 587 50 
 
 F. E. Wilson 
 
 Sterling 
 
 53 
 46 
 68 
 52 
 
 12 
 
 1 349 90 
 
 Lloyd J. Wilson 
 
 Fenton . . 
 
 3,055 60 
 2 165 10 
 
 Paul Wilson 
 
 Morrison 
 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 5,953 50 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1,700 
 4 
 
 2,544 
 
 1 
 
 32 
 
 12 
 
 $126, 532 27 
 220 75 
 
 Will Coimty— 
 
 Plainlield 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 165 57 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 53 
 
 1 
 68 
 42 
 53 
 15 
 14 
 
 6 
 74 
 27 
 44 
 49 
 34 
 29 
 43 
 74 
 
 8 
 
 
 3 186 77 
 
 
 
 
 
 62 00 
 
 John B. Clow 
 
 Plainfleld 
 
 74 
 157 
 43 
 2 
 24 
 64 
 78 
 29 
 61 
 30 
 67 
 65 
 14 
 50 
 35 
 
 
 5 698 25 
 
 Thomas Clow 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 5,070 36 
 2,745 00 
 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 . .do 
 
 
 Harry Dowell 
 
 
 861 00 
 
 
 Plainfleld 
 
 9 
 3 
 
 1,422 87 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 1,049 20 
 
 Homer B. Frommon 
 
 ..do 
 
 10,492 55 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 2,389 45 
 
 John W. Patterson 
 
 ..do 
 
 3 
 
 3, 863 50 
 4,525 16 
 2,828 00 
 3,106 50 
 
 W. D. Patterson 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 Plainfleld 
 
 
 F. W. Stewart 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 
 New Lenox 
 
 
 4,644 00 
 
 C. Warning 
 
 
 5 768 37 
 
 
 Plainfleld 
 
 
 750 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 638 
 
 2 
 39 
 56 
 
 5 
 
 826 
 
 2 
 39 
 
 15 
 
 $58,849 80 
 
 Woodford County— 
 C. L. Jiu-y 
 
 
 170 00 
 
 
 
 
 2, 159 00 
 
 
 
 
 3,325 80 
 
 Mrs. Ella Toole 
 
 Panola 
 
 14 
 
 
 491 00 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 102 
 16,671 
 
 55 
 24,984 
 
 
 $ 6, 145 80 
 
 
 
 876 
 
 1,338,584 18 
 
 
 
61 
 
 SUGGESTION BY MEMBER OF THE HOUSE FOLLOWING ALL 
 THE ADDEESSES AND DISCUSSIONS. 
 
 In view of the fact of the very hirge amount of information gathered 
 here this afternoon, it occurs to me, in consultation with Governor 
 Dunne and also Mr. Shanahan, who has charge for many years of our 
 appropriations in the House, we should take some steps to have this 
 information printed in pamphlet form for distribution among the farmers 
 and live stock growers and dealers in the State, and to authorize any 
 such expenditure. I believe the Secretary of State would be justified in 
 having printed a verbatim report of this meeting this afternoon, say 
 20,000 copies. I believe it is well worth the expenditure, and is well 
 worth our taking the responsibility upon ourselves to say we will approve 
 the action of the Secretary of State in making this expenditure, so we 
 may distribute these copies throughout the State of Illinois. 
 
 It is very proper that the necessary motion be made when we have 
 completed the formal organization of this House. We cannot make the 
 motion at this time. This is merely a suggestion, and tlie sooner they 
 are printed the better. The sooner we get this information distributed 
 throughout the State, the more rapidly will farmers and stock growers 
 accept the situation. 
 
 Mr. Stevenson : I will see that this is done at once. In accordance 
 with this suggestion there will be published 20,000 copies at once. 
 
 Anv other remarks? (Pause.) I believe, gentlemen, that this is 
 the end of our program. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 002 824 644 4