A NEW AND VASTLY IMPROVED EDITION INDUSTRIAL KESOURCES \VISCONSIN, '^' Containing numerous new subjects, not in t.lie firft edition; sucli ns a sketch o' ilie Natural Jlistory of the State; brief s'kelches of its altered condiiiun at ditferent periods and the causes lending thereto A new theory of the origin of our American Lakes; and numerous Iliscussious on the various Natural Phenomena o1.iserval)le in the St.ites. Also, the JUograjihy of Jycadinp; Men. im-huJing clorgj'mcn of all denominations, I'hvf'icians-, iy-iwyers, Moiiilicrs of Congress, Members of the .Senate and Assembly, Judges, all occupying a place in any corpor- ation, either in town or county. Professors in schools and colleges, first-class Mer- chants, Manufacturers of every de- .scription. first-class Agricul- turists, etc., (!t<' . et'- , BY C. E., late Af. O. S. ]).. AI. E. .\., V. P. I.. T. S. i).. &c. PRESTDKNT 01" TffK COl.T.l'OK Of CIVIL ENGINEKPvING. MINING AND AGRICULTURE IN Irelaad; Author of the Practics and Pi-tilosopliy of Arithme- tic, Practical Georr\etiy, Conic Sections; Plain and Spheri- cal Trigor\f)n-\etry; Course of Civil iingineering^^ Tri- gonoir^etrical Surveying, etc., etc. Also, Author of numerous Papers on Natural Philosophy, Geology, Political Economy, Agri- culture. Astronomy. &<■ n, a part of which he lays out to grow vege- tables for the use of his house, and a small spot, he reserves for flowers. He is careful to use the best seeds, and change them as often as he can, and pays particular attention to a proper rotation of crops and rich manuring. When his crops are growing, he takes care to keep them clear of weeds, which are all pulled before they ripen their seeds to prevent them from spreading. If he has peat bog, he draws a large quantity of it at leisure time, and spreads it out on the farm- yard where the cattle trample it down and where it mixes with their urine and dung. He also scours the roads and ditches, and brings all the calcareous dust and rich earth to the dung heap. He even econ- omizes the dung and urine of the hogs and allows nothing to go to waste. By skill and hard labor, he makes his farm pay in five or six years, and afterwards makes money, besides paying his rent punctually and keeping his family in a respectable position. After pointing out what this hard-working farmer had done, and contrasting his holding with his neighbor's, I asked the noble and generous baronet whether it was right to turn him out without simple compensation for all the improvements he had made ? Certainly not, was his answer. His neighbor dragged along according to the old routine way, and was in a worse condition at the end of his lease, than when he had com- menced, while his farm would not rent for half his hard workmg neighbor's, acre for acre. The next day I started for Listowell, and took up my quarters at one of the hotels, where I remained only an hour or two, having received an invitation from Col. Home, Lord Listowell's agent, to take up my quarters at his house, while in that town. l^ Bi (Mi R A r 11 r , Hon. JEROME 1. CASE. The following sketch of the history of Hon. Jerome 1. Case, taken from the Western Monthly — a work of considerable merit, will be read with great interest, as showing what an original genius, combin- ing persevering industry, indomitable energy, and strict integrity of purpose can accomj^lish. Yew persons could be found in any country, who, without any external aid whatever, have made them- selves independent and respectable as Mr. Case. Young men, not born with heriditary fortunes, should read and study his history with great care, and strive with all their might to imitate his career through life. A little city of about twelve thousand inhabitants, situated sixty miles north of Chicago, on the lake shore, is to-day probably, the leading manufacturing town of the West. With no peculiar advan- tages of location, above those possessed by a score of other Western towns — having no water-power, mines, or timber contiguous to attract manufactories — the city of Racine has, nevertheless, during the past twenty-five years, caught and developed the same spirit which charac- terizes the old English manufacturing towns, where machinery and the desire to combine and produce seem to be the instinct which moves the capitalist and the laborer alike. The wonderful growth and prominence attained by Racine in this department of human industry, have not been factitous or accidental, but are directly attributable to the foresight, energy, and perseverance of one man. Jerome I. Case, the subject of this sketch, was born in Williams- town, Oswego County, New York, December nth, 1819, and is the youngest of four brothers. His parents, Caleb and Deborah Case, were among tlie pioneers of Western New York, having removed at an early day from Rensselaer County to Williamstovvn, where, with a family of little ones to support, and in limited circumstances, they commenced to clear up a farm in the then almost unbroken wilder- ness. Young Case was thus nurtured in a good school for the devel- opment of the two distinguishing elements of the American character — an idea of nobility, and an idea o^ faith ; the nobility of labor, the faith in one's own power. BIOGRAPHY. IT His opportunities for acquiring an education, were such as were afforded by the district school — which he could attend only in winter. At the age of sixteen, he had acquired a fair common-school educa- tion, and ar reputation for trustworthiness beyond his years. At this time his father purchased the right to use and sell a certain primitive one-horse tread-power threshing-machine; and it is noticeable that Jerome, the youngest son, was selected to manage and use the machine. This apparently trifling circumstance decided for young Case what should be his vocation. From the first, he exhibited a fondness for machinery, and in his first attempt managed the rickety one-horse tread-mill to the complete satisfaction of himself, and all parties concerned. This employment he followed until 1840. when he became of age. Jerome now determined to obtain as good an education as the schools of jMevv York State, at that time could give him. He accord- ingly, in the fall of 1840, commenced the threshing business on his own account. He had now, for the first time in his life, a distinct object to attain ; and he toiled with a heartiness and a perseverance that could hardly fail to bring success. In January, 1841, with the profits of his autumn's work in his pocket, he entered the Academy of Mexicoville, New York. It seemed to him that the object of his ardent desire, and for which he liad long waited, was now within his grasp. Self-reliant — looking upon toil as honorable and labor as dignifying the laborer — and strong of purpose, he devoted himself chiefly to those studies that would best fit him for the work he had decided to undertake, viz. : the construction of labor-saving machinery. He succeeded well in his studies, but he had raised a spirit that would not let him rest. Daily over his books, and nightly in his dreams, the inventive genius was ever busy ; and the old tread- mill thresher was constantly before his eyes. At the close of the term, he decided to leave the academy, and enter upon his life-work. He felt that he had a work to do, and an education to acquire outside of books, among men, and that he had started too late to get a thorough knowledge of books, and accomplish what he intended to do afterward. Thus, at the age of twenty-two, without capital, or friends able to furnish him pecuniary aid. he began the career that was to 3 18 BIOGRAPHY terminate in making him one of the leading manufacturers of tlie West. Directly after leaving school, Mr. Case turned his attention again to threshing machinery. In the spring of 1842, he procured upon credit six of these machines, and took them West with him — locating him- self at Racine, in the then Territory of Wisconsin. The great agri- cultural resources of the West' were at that time undeveloped; but the attention of enterprising men had been directed to these broad and fertile prairies, and the reading of Mr. Case had given him an idea of t^ie possibilities that lay hidden in them. Arriving at Racine — then a mere village, — he disposed of all of his machines but one, and with that he started off through the country, threshing grain — managing the machine himself, and constantly devising, during his hours of leisure, some improvement. In the spring of 1843, finding that his tread-mill machine was nearly worn out, and conscoius of his ability to greatly improve it, he set to work, with the aid of such tools and mechanics as he could find, to rebuild and remodel, after some patterns made by himself, his old horse-power and thresher. When finished and put in operation, he found not only that he had made a machine vastly better than the old one he had been using, but also that he had made a better machine than he could buy at the East. His success becoming known, he soon found himself able to discon- tinue threshing, and turned his attention to the manufacture of machines. Up to this time, invention had only succeeded in making what was called an open thresher — the grain, chaff, and straw being delivered together from the machine, requiring an after-process of winnowing in order to separate the grain from the chaff. In the winter of 1843-4 Mr. Case succeeded in making a thresher and separator combined, after a model of his own invention, which he had made in the kitchen of a farm house at Rochester, Wisconsin. This was the first machine used in the West that threshed and cleaned the grain at one opera- tion. It was a success best appreciated, most probably, b}- the man, who for three years had labored under every disadvantage to attain that result. In the fall of the same year, Mr. Case rented a small shop at Racine, and undertook the building of a limited number BIOGRAPHY. 19 of his new machines. Some adequate idea of the temperament and indomitable perseverance of this man, as well as the discouraging obstacles that he encountered, may be formed when we state that the most experienced agriculturalists of the State, when told by Mr. Case that he was building six machines for sale, asserted that if they did work satisfactorily, they would be more than were needed in the en- tire State. Constantly improving, remodelling and perfecting his machinery, Mr. Case, in 1847, erected his first shop, near the site of his present extensive manufactory. It was a brick building, thirty feet wide, by eighty feet long, and three stories in height. At the time he consid- ered it larger than he would ever need, but thought he would put up a good building that should be a credit to the town. Being now well established in business, he pursued with unflinchmg vigor, the purpose of his life. The country was developed rapidly — the uncultivated prairies of 1842 becoming the richly productive farms of 1850. The demand for the J. I. Case Thresher and Horse-Power steadily increased, and each year witnessed some new triumph of the designer's skill. Recognizing, with the true manufacturer's instinct, the fact that to be permanently successful it was essential, not only that his machines should be unsurpassed in excellence, but also that he should be able to manufacture them with the greatest possible economy of time and labor, he was constantly devising labor-saving machinery ; and while he was bringing slowly but surely out of the primitive tread-mill of Oswego County, the unsurpassed Thresher and Power at present manufactured by him, he was at the same time constantly improving the machinery of his manufactory. In 1855 — ^'^-y thirteen years from the time when he stood upon the threshold of his great enterprise — was success assured. He had triumphed over poverty, surmounted all obstacles, and realized by his own exertions the ideal mechanism he had dreamed of in his youth, when he used to haul to market, over the corduroy roads of Oswego County, a load of wood to exchange for a barrel of salt. His extensive manufactory — of substantial brick and wood buildings, occupying in all its appointments several acres of ground, situated on the bank of Racine river, just inside the lake harbor, with its dock for 20 BIOGRAPHY vessels, its furnace, moulding room, paint-shops, belt factory, and dry-kilns, and its vast work-rooms filled with perfect and complicated machinery, all systematized and organized in as perfect order as a military camp — stands to-day a monument in itself to the inventive skill, keen foresight, and indomitable energy of the farmer-boy of Williamstown, and entitles him to take his place among those men of thought and action whose own exert'.ons have made them the repre- sentative men of the West. In 1S49, ^^^- Case married Lydia A , daughter of DeGrove Bull, Esq., of Yorkville, Wisconsin, — an estimable lady, of whom it is suf- ficient to say that in the practice of those domestic virtues which grace the wife and mother, and in that open-handed charity which adorns the female character, she is an ornament to the social position which her husband's eminent success has called her to occupy. In 1856, Mr. Case — although in no respect an office seeker — was elected Mayor of the city of Racine. He was tendered the nomina- tion again the following year, but declined the jjosition. Being urged by his friends to accept the nomination to the same office in 1S59, he consented, and was elected a second time to the mayoralty of the city, over the Hon. John W. Gary, his competitor. in 1S56 he was elected State Senator, and served with ability a term of two years in the Wisconsin Senate, — being noted in that body for his ready mastery of details and great executive ability. In politics, Mr. Case has always been identified with the republican party. In 1863, his business having assumed colossal magnitude, and having amassed a splendid fortune, he disposed of the greater part of his interest in his manufactory to Messrs. Stephen Bull. Robert H. Baker and M. B. Erksine, — all residents of Racine, — characteristically choosing for his partners practical men like himself. Since that time Mr. Case has gradually withdrawn from the active management of the business, and has devoted more of his time, and no small i)ortion of his capital to the furtherance of interests calculated to build up and promote the best good ot the city and State in which he resides. There are now several extensive and j^uccessful manufactories, in various departments of human industry, in the city of Racine, in all, or nearly all of which Mr. Case is personally and pecuniarily inter- BIOGRAPHY 21 ested. For several years past he has been an efficienl member of the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society, and for the past two years President of the Racine County Agricultural Society ; and he was one of the founders, and a life member of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. When asked to specify to what he chiefly attributed his success as a manufacturer, Mr. Case replied : "I attribute my financial success to my strict observance of two rules which I adopted at the outset, and to which I have closely adhered through life. First, I made myself sure that the article I purposed to make was correct in principle and was needed; and, second, T endeavored to construct that article in the most perfect manner possible — always vising the best of materials, and constructing it in the most durable fnanner I could devise. By giving my whole time and attention to these two objects, I have realized my own expectations and the expectations of my ])atrons. 1 have consequently nev^r manufactured an article that I could not warrant to perform the work it was designed to do." Said an old acquaintance ot his recently to one of his partners, while walking through the store-room of Ihe factory for the purpose of selecting a machine : 'vl will leave it to you to select for me a good machine." •' Were I choosing a machine for myself," was the reply, " 1 should take this one"— la3'ing his hand upon the machine by which they were standing — '"solely because it is the nearest to us. Of the twelve hundred threshers we manufacture yearly, 1 \vould not give one penny for the i)rivilege of having the first choice." And as in the construction (jf in;u hineiy. so in everything else in which Mr. Case invested his capital and energy, his aim was always to attain the highest possible degree of excellence. We have thus attempted to sketch the life-work of Jt;Ro.\€t: I. Cask. Our sketch has necessarily been most interested in the circumstances and external career — curriculum vit(e — of our subject ; for herein are clearly discernible the character and personal significance of the man. In the contemplation of the work he has accomplished, it is evident that Mr. Case is no ordinary man. His woris: is essentially a triumph of comprehensive forethought, strict business integrity, and indomitable i)erseverancc. Appreciating the true value of that wealth 22 BIOGRAPHY. which his o\vn exertions, and not the accident of inheritance, gave to him, — surroimded by hosts of friends whom his social quaUties, friendly counsels and timely aid have attracted to him, — he is spending the evening of his busy lite in his beautiful mansion at Racine, happy in the society of wife and children, and in the contemplation of the successful and beneficent achievements of a well-spent life. ' Hon. MILTON H. PETTIT. The gentleman whose name appears at the head of this article was born in the town of Fabius, Onondaga county. New York, October 22d, 1825; was educated in a private academy which he attended only during the winter, his services being required at home in the summer months. Having now arrived at mature age, and being desirous of improving his worldly condition, he moved to the West in 1846, and settled at Somers, Kenosha county, where he bought eighty acres of land, his capital, on leaving home, being the sum of fifty dollars. Having lived on his farm for the space of eight years, he moved to the city of Kenosha in 1854, where he was a grain buyer on the street for three years, when he bought a malting establishment which he conducted in connection with the grain and wool business. Kenosha was then a village, but was destined soon to be dignified by the name of city. The old building hitherto used by Mr. Pettit to carry on his business, being now found not of sufficient capacity, by reason of the rapidly increasing growth of his business, he, in 1868, displaced the old building, by erecting a new one, by far the largest of its kind in the northwest, or perhaps in the United States, meas- ing 240 feet in length and 65 feet in breadth and four stories high, the cost of building oxeeding $40,000. All^the operations carried on in this beautiful mammoth building are worked by steam power and machinery of the most approved construction. BIOGRAPHY. 23 In this establishment, are manufactured 250,000 bushels of malt yearly, giving employment to a vast number of men, and supporting many families, which, to the employer, must be a source of infinite pleasure. Mr. Pettit, is in pohtics a republican, and has filled many positions of honor since his arrival in Kenosha. In 1854, he repre- sented the first ward of that city in the Common Council , was elected Mayor in 1861, 1865, 1867, and 1870. In 1870, he was appointed by Governor Fairchild, chairman of the committee to visit the various State institutions. In 1869, he was elected senator, to represent the Eighth district, consisting of Kenosha county, and con- taining a population, in 1870, of 13,177, receiving 1,172 votes against 807 for James Weber, a democrat. At the last election, which took place in November, 1870, he was elected lieutenant Governor of the State, to succeed Lieut. Gov. Pound. In all these positions, general report gives the Lieutenant Governor elect the credit of discharging each and every duty with considerable ability, strict propriety, and with an evident view to benefit the people; convinced that education, combined with morality, forms the surest and most solid foundation on which to build the future prosperity of the State. The subject of this sketch was always friendly to the common schools of Kenosha, of which he was com- missioner, and to institutions of learning generally, asa proof of which he owns a scholarship in the Beloit College. JOHN E. Mcmullen Was born October 7th, 1843, ^t Kingston, Ca.nada West, and removed with his parents to Wisconsin in November, 1857, and settled in Calumet county. In 1 86 1, he entered the State University at Madison, where he remaiwed, supporting himself and paying his own tuition fee by teach- ing school during the winter terms, until the spring of 1864, when he 24 B 1 ( ' G R A V }I Y . left the Universitv and entered tlie army. He served in the I'ortieth Wisconsin regiment, and afterwards served in an Illinois regiment, where he saw some service, and was wounded in the right arm at the battle of Nashville, his regiment being then attached to the Sixteenth corps. On his return to Wisconsin in 1865. he went to Manitowoc, where he occujued the position ot principal of the first ward school of that city for the term of two years, and at the. same time studied law with Judge Wood, of that place. In the winter of 1867-8, he took a law course at the law school at Ann Arbor. Michigan, and finished his law studies under the direc- tion cf Judge Cooley, one of the justices of the Supreme Court of the State of Michigan. In 1868. he returned to Wisconsin and was admitted to practice in the courts of the State. In September, 1868, he settled in Chilton, Calumet county, and began the practice of law. and in November, of that year, was elected to the office of Di-^trict Attorney of that county, l)eing then twenty-five years of age. At the fall election of 1870. he was re-elected to fill the same ottice for another term by the voice of the people of the county, irrespec- tive of i)artv, no one being put in nomination against him, although he is a staunch and consistent democrat, and has engaged in all of the political canvasses since his return to the county in 1868. The earl}- and rapid progress of Mr. ATcMuUen gives reasonable assurance of his success in more mature years. His maternal grand- father, Mr. John Nugent, was disinherited by his family in Ireland for the reason that at the age of nineteen years he severed the ties of family and country, sailed for New York, and united his fortunes with the people of the colonies in their struggle against the mother coun- try during the re\-olutionary war. Upon his arrival in New York he joined the revolutionarv army and remained in tlie service until the close of the war. The juvenile course pursued by Mr. McMuUen is jiraiseworthy in the highest degree. It appears that he was thrown upon his own resources at an early age, and fought his way up to manhood with undaunted courage and laudable ambition, proving his unflinching determination, by honorable means, to raise himself, at some future day, to a position of honor and respectability. A knowledge of the BIOGRAPHY. 25 fact, that, on his mother's side, he is directly descended from, and collaterally related to. a learned and noble Irish family of ancient lineage, may have tended to inspire the subject of this sketch with high aspirations, which, no doubt, would have urged him to pursue his course with unflinching assiduity in the hope of gaining the object sought. The maiden name of the mother of our subject was Nugent, the family name of the Marquis of Westmeath, also, of Baron of Delvin, Earl of Westmeath, and several baronets, one of whom, Sir Percy Nugent, and the Marquis of Westmeath, were known to the biographer. Count Nugent, who received an Austrian title, was of this family, which claim their descent from the illustrious house of Ballasme, to which belonged Count Nugent, a Norman. The ancient name was Nogent, which was changed to Nugent, the reason of which change, the biographer has hicn unable to learn. Hon. AUGUSTUS LEDYARD SMITH. The gentleman at the head of this very brief sketch was born in April, 1835 ; graduated at the Wesleyan University, Middleton, Conn, in 1854 ; was tutor in llie State University of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1856 ; became connected that year, 1856, with the Fox and Missis- sippi Improvement Co., as secretary and assistant treasurer, and has remained with them and their successors ever since, in the above capacity, and also as land commissioner. In 1865, Mr. Smith was elected to the State Senate from his district. At the reorganization of the State University, he was appointed a Regent, and reappointed at the expiration of his term. He was elected Mayor of Appleton in 1870, and organized the First National Bank of Appleton the same year. It is highly creditable to see so young a man as the subject of this sketch, to have occupied, and still to occupy such important positions as above stated. His rapid promotion, from step to step, proves the great value of an early education, which very seldom fails to qualify the individual for the proper discharge of duties which generally require age and years of experience from others not educated atthe proper season of life. 4 26 BIOGRAPHY MESSRENE B. ERSKINE. The gentleman at the head of this article was born 19th December, 1819, in the town of Roulston, state of Massachusetts, and was edu- cated in the town of Richmond, state of New Hampshire. He became an orphan at the age of four years, his father having been called to another world, leaving his helpless child, when only of the tender age of four years. After having received his education in one of the common schools of the above State, he began to learn the business of a carpenter and joiner, and afterward of a machinist, when of suita- ble age. The early death of his father, threw the subject of this sketch on his own resources, which had the effect of showing him the neces- sity of early exertion and good conduct to earn his living at present, and look to the future, with laudable and earnest hope of occupying a higher position at some future day; and his untiring diligence, uniform good conduct and general knowledge of his business, soon realized his hopes. In 1852, he came to Wisconsin and settled at Racine, where he soon got employment from J. I. Case, as superintendent of his business, which is that of manufacturing threshing machines. Having filled this situation for eleven years, he was taken in as partner in the house which is deservedly one of the most respectable in the United States, which position he still occupies. Mr. Erskine was a member of the board of supervisors of Racine county, and school commissioner of the city of Racine for two years; was elected mayor of the city for three successive terms, in 1869; 1870, 187 r, which position he holds still to the entire satisfaction of the citizens ; being a living proof of the fact, that he who commences early in life, perseveres in habits of industry and preserves his character unsullied, will generally arrive at the point he had in view. Hon. WILLIAM E. WORDING, Was born at Castine, Maine, January 21st, 181 2, and graduated at Waterville College, now Colby University, Maine, in the class of 1836. la the same year appointed Professor of the Greek and Latin BIOGRAPHY. ^ 27 languages and literature, ia the New Hampton Literary and Theo- logical Institution, New Hampshire, which position he held until August, A. D. 1 84 1. In November of that year, he was elected principal of the Cheraw Academy at Cheraw, South Carolina, and continued in that service for three years. In the meantime he read law in the office of Messrs. McKee & Inglis, and was admitted to practice in the law court of appeals for South Carolina, at Columbia, in May, 1845, ^.nd subsequently in the equity court of appeals at Charleston, S. C, in January, 1847. Mr. McKee, now deceased, was then solicitor of the eastern circuit of South Carolina, in the court of general sessions, and Mr. Inglis, subsequently became one of the judges of the court of appeals in that State. Mr. Wording removed to Racine, Wisconsin, in October, 1847, and continued in the practice of the law until September, 1862. In the year 1850, he was elected Judge of the Racine County Court, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Hon. Andrew G. Chat- field, and for two subsequent terms, of four years each, successively. In 1858, his Alma Mater conferred on him the honorary degree of LL.D. In July, 1862, President Lincoln appointed him one of the l^'ederal Direct Tax Commissioners for South Carolina, under the act relating to the collection of direct taxes in the insurrectionary districts of the United States. In the latter service he has continued up to the month of November, 1870. F. ROBINSON, Kenosha, Wisconsin, was born at Church Stretton, Shropshire, England, in 1824 ; received his education in a private school; served an apprenticeship of five years in Iswestry as a chemist and druggist. At the expiration of this apprenticeship he took charge of the business until he and a young man by the name of J. Edv/ards emi- grated to the United States ; landed at New York, 1844, and took charge of a store in New York city for Dr. "W. B. Eager, after which 2^ BIOGRAPHY. he was engaged as a clerk m the wholesale drug house of M. Ward, Close Sc Co., when, wishing to do something for himself by way of getting into business, concluded to come to the Western States. Landed in Chicago and engaged with N. Sawyer to come and super- intend a store just about to start in Southport ; came to the State of Wisconsin in 1846, purchased a small stock of goods in Southport in 1847, was married in Green Bay, Wisconsin, October 3d, 1852, to A. M. Bertholf, daughter of H. B. & Ann Bertholf, of Pensaukee, Wis. Was elected alderman, First ward, Kenosha, in 1852 — 1858 and 1868, served as chief engineer fire department. During the year 1859 and i860, acted as chairman county board supervisors; in 1868 was elected mayor — in 1862, 1863 and again in 1869 ; his administration as mayor was very efficient in obtaining men and means to furnish men for the government during the late rebellion — Kenosha being one of the first cities to respond to the call for men. In the fall of 1871 was elected member of assembly from Kenosha county by a large majority and the first democrat elected in Kenosha county to any State office in twenty-five years. He at present carries on a large farm near Kenosha, and is one of the ])artners of the foundry of R. B. Whitaker & Co., who are large manufacturers of steam engines, thimble skeins, kettles, sash weights, etc. The subject of this sketch is a universal favorite in Racine county, which is well known to be, for the most part, republican in politics. In his business and social intercourse with the people, he knows no one by his political sentiments. He is friendly, obliging and generous — upright and honorable in all his transactions, which quaUties have gained him many friends, and will always secure to him any position in the gift of the people, whenever he may be desirous of seeking it. Hon. THOMAS SCOTT ALLEN. The biography of the gentleman at the head of the following brief sketch is taken from the valuable history of the late American war by Wm. De Loss Love. He was born in Andover, Alleghany county. New York, in 1824, and was in succession a printer-boy, teacher, student at Oberlin, O., BIOGRAPHY. 29 printer in Chicago, Galena and Mineral Point, county clerk and mem- ber of the Wisconsin Assembly. He enHsted as a private, became lieutenant, captain, major, and lieutenant colonel of the Second Wis- consin, then colonel of the Fifth, and was breveted brigadier general for gallant services. He was a hero in many battles, and was four times wounded, had several nurses shot under him, and his clothes cut with bullets. His father, the Rev. A. S. Alien, of Black Earth, buiit forts to protect our seaboard against the English in the war of 1 813, his father's father fought in the revolution, and the family are of English and Scotch puritan lineage. A younger brother of the general, William Wirt, was taken prisoner at the second Bull Run battle, and nearly starved to death. He was afterward assistant surgeon of the Fifth. The father so long and so earnestly hated slavery, that the sons had a special right to fight for its destruction. The general was elected secretary of state in November. 1865, and is now editor and proprietoj- of the Northwestern, published at Osh- kosh. Were it not contrary to the intended plan of this work, the biogra[)her would feel much pleasure in giving a more copious history of so meritori<)us and distinguished an officer as General Allen proved himself to be daring the time he served in the war. A detailed account of the bravery displayed by the general in all the battles in which he was engaged during the late war, would show that his cour- age and military skill were of no ordinary character. The manner in which he discharged the onerous duty of secretary of state proves his honesty and competency as a public fu.nctionary — tvvo tonalities not always to be found, now-a-days, combined in men filling high offices of state. As a v>rivate citizen, no one more unexceptionable, being kind, agreeable, and social — three desirable qualities to which the biogra- pher can, of his own knowledge, bear undeniable testimony. THOMAS O'NEIL. The subject of this sketch was born and educated in Dublin, the capital of Ireland ; emigrated to the United States of America in 1835, and lived in the State of New York for nine years. Having 30 BIOGRAPHY. heard that the then new State of Wisconsin held out better prospects for a young man of active habits than the older states, he removed thither in the year 1844 and purchasad a farm in Greenfield, a few miles from the city of Milwaukee, which farm he occupied till 1856. About this time, the golden fields of California were attracting persons from every quarter, and Mr. O'Neil not being less anxious than oth- ers to pick up some of the glittering dust, took his departure from Greenfield and arrived in the golden region in 1850, where he at once commenced operations in the mines, in which he continued to work for four years, reaping a golden harvest indeed, having in a few years accumulated a good competency with which he returned to Milwau- kee in 1854, when he purchased worsted machinery which he worked for many years on the water-power, which had been occupied for many years before by the late AValter Burke, a well known resident of Milwaukee. Having worked the worsted machinery with great suc- cess, he sold the concern to Mr. Burke and returned to his farm at Greenfield, where in i860 he built an extensive distillery on Poplar creek, which ran through his farm, close to the Milwaukee & Beloit railroad, then projected; on the failure of which he built another dis- tillery on the Kinnickinick river in the town of Lake. In 1868 he associated himself with Reynolds & Co., tlie firm being now known as Dcre, Reynolds & O'Neil, who conduct business on a large scale, as wholesale grocers and liquor merchants at — East Water street, Milwaukee. This house is known to be one of the most extensive and respectable in the state. To the subject of this sketch is due the credit of being the first man that introduced the combing of worsted into this State, and his great success in the business remunerated him handsomely. The dis- tillery which Mr. O'Neil runs at present on the Kinnickinick liver is doing a large business and is of considerable dimensions, having a capacity of distilling 500 bushels of grain daily. An honest, active, and successful man of business is a blessing to all around him. Mr. O'Neil, by strict attention to the discharge of every dut}- — by a full knowledge of, and clear forethought in mercantile transactions — and above all by a scrui)ulous adherence to strict honesty, has become rich and respectable. BIOGRAPHY. 31 Hon. henry S. BAIRD. Was born in the city of Dublin, Ireland, on i6th May, 1800 ; came to the United States when four years old ; resided in Pennsylvania for several years ; came to Ohio in 1815 ; entered the law office of the late Gov. Wood, in Cleveland, 1819, and continued the study of his profession until June, 1822, when he came to the then territory of Michigan; was admitted as an attorney and counselor in 1823. In July, 1824, came to Green Bay, then in the territory of Michigan; commenced, and continued to practice as an attorney, until about i860, when he retired from practice in the courts. For some years held the office of district attorney. In 1836, at the organization of Wisconsin as a territory, was chosen as a member of the first legislative council, served as president of that body during the first session, and resigned in 1837. In December, 1836, was appointed by Governor Dodge, attorney general of the territory, which office he resigned in 1838. In 1846 was elected and served as a member of the first con- vention to form a constitution for the state of Wisconsin. He is now the oldest member of the bar of Wisconsin, and was in active and successful practice of the profession during a period of nearly forty years. In politics, was originally a Henry Clay whig ; in latter years has acted with the republican party. Has never been an office seeker and at present takes no active part in politics. The history of Mr. Baird will always be read with interest, as being one of the first gentleman of prominence that settled at Green Bay — a place distant from civilization, without trade or commerce, with intercourse witli but few except the untutored Indian of the wilder- ness. During a long life actively engaged in a profession that con- stantly brought him prominently before the public, he sustained a high character for honor and integrity, unsullied by a single act not becoming a gentleman. Such a man should not depart this life with- out leaving a lasting record to those that survive him. 32 B I (» G p. A PHY. Uox. AVIIJJAM L. UTLEY. William I.,. Utley was born in the town of Monson. Massachusetts, on the loth da}' of July, i8r4. In 1817 his father moved to Ohio, settled in the town of Newbury. Geauga county, twenty miles east of Cleveland. The whole country was at that time a howling wilderness. He graduated at the highest institution of learning in that vicinity, a log school house ; shared in all the hardships and privations inci- dent to the settlement of new and uncultivated countries at that time. At the age of seventeen he was bound out to a trade, and at the age of twenty-one, ha\'ing worked himself out of the woods, he broke away from his home, went to the state of Nev: York, became a jnusician, portrait and landscape painter ; married and moved west ; came to Racine in Septemlier, 1844. Re was elected to the State Legislature in 1850, and re-elected in 1851 ; was appointed adjutant general of the state by Oov. l''orwell; accomplished the first enrollment of the state militia. In i860, he was elected to the state senate. At the breaking out of the rebellion in the spring of 186 r, was appointed adjutant general of the State, under the direction of Gov. Randall, and put the first thirty thousand Wisconsin soldiers in the field. in January, 1862. he retired from the adjutant general's office, and took his place in the senate, where he took a bold and earnest stand in putting through the legislature those war measures which have made Wisconsin famous in the estimation of her sister States. In July, 1862, he was appointed a colonel by Gov. Salomon, and in ten days raised the Twenty-second Wisconsin Regiment and went directly to the front. Became somewhat celebrated as the first commanding officer that carried the laws of Congress and the proclamation of Abraham Lincoln thiough Kentucky, for which lie has been persecu- ted to the present time by the state of Kentucky. A judgment was obtained against him for something like a tiiousand dollars, for allow- ing his men to shelter a little dwarfed negro boy. In the spring of 1863, after having marched all through Kentucky, went to Tennessee, participated in the severe battle of Spring Hill, March 5, 1863, where General Coburn's brigade, being overpowered by ten times their BIOGRAPHY. 33 number, after a desperate struggle were taken prisoners. Was finally taken to Richmond where he enjoyed the pleasures of Libby Prisoii for a few months; was exchanged and returned to his command June ^5, 1863. Removed to Murfreesboro July 4th, v/as afterwards put in command of the fort, defended it against the raid of Wheeler and Forrest. Remained in Murfreesboro until the spring of 1864, when, after a tedious march over the Cumberland mountains, gained the great army of Gen. Sherman. Was placed in the Twentieth corps under Gen. Jo. Hooker ; v/as engaged in the battles of Rockeyface Ridge, Resaca, Dallas Woods, Golgotha Church, Kenesaw Mountain and in skirmishes too numerous to mention. In short, participated in all the fighting to the taking of Atlanta, though was compelled to leave the service before reaching Atlanta on account of ill health, having served two years with the brave Twenty-second Wisconsin boys, almost constantly on duty in the face of the enemy. In July, 1865, purchased the Racine Journal, which he has con- ducted nearly seven years with great success. In April, 1869, received the appointment of postmaster at Racine, which position he holds at this time ; and considers himself good for several years of warfare with evil, let it come under what guise it will. Few persons could be found so successful as Col. Utley has been. He commenced the world without the advantages of an early educa- tion, hereditary fortune or family influence, and fought the battle of life with great success, proving him to be a man of genius, energy and perseverance. With a scanty education acquired in an isolated log house, probably located in the bush, or at all events, at a distance from a town or city, he learned a mechanical trade which he changed for a profession requiring good taste, and a knowledge of nature; in time, he is found in the legislature, making and repealing laws, oppos- ing what he considers wrong, and advocating measures which he considers best calculated to promote the interest of the state ; again we find him adjutant general of the state, organizing a militia for national defences ; he now enters the army to fight the battles of his country, and is rapidly promoted to high rank ; and is nov/ conduct- ing a public journal, and a postmaster. It is unnecessary to state that Col. Utley could not have been the 34 BIOGRAPHY. recipient of so many honors conferred on him, or have accomphshed so much as the above history reveals without taste or talent of any kind. A bare recital of facts, as may be seen above, is the best eulogy that could be written on him. Hon. LUCIUS S. BLAKE. The subject of this sketch, one of the pioneer settlers of Wiscon- sin, was born at Burlington, Vt., March 14, 18 16. His father, Capt. Levi Blake, was a soldier of the war of 1812. His mother belonged to the English family of Rathbuns, who settled in America in 1746. Upon the paternal side he is of Irish e.xtrad ion, his father being descended from the eldest or Lish branch of the numerous family whose name he bears, through Theophilus " of that ilk," who intro- duced that branch into America by leaving the -'ould sod" and set- tli.ig in New Hampshire about the year 17 10. Whatever may have been the immediate cause of the removal of old Tlieophilus Blake to this country, whether " driven by fate " he left the Emerald shores, actuated by the same spirit as that which prompted those other members of the family whom Aloore thus addresses : "Ye Blakes and O'Donnells, whose father's resigned — The green hills of their youth among strangers to find, That repose which at home they had sighed for in v:>in." Or whether he left his country for his country's good. The "ould gintleman" seems to have possessed the peculiar desire for adventure and love of wandering and change of place, which, to this day, forms a prominent trait in the character of some of the famil}', and which seems to have been inherited from the originator of the name. One Launcelot Ap Lake, i.e. Son of the Lake, (since corrupted into Blake,) a wandering Knight and one of those whom tradition makes to have graced King Arthur's Round Table, and who, following his liege lord in a victorious campaign into Ireland, concluded to remain there and was invested with an estate from the conquered lands, as an emblem of royal favor, and a reward for his deeds of bravery, which may be found recounted in the collection of stories issued by Sir Thomas BIOGRAPHY. 35 Malory in 1485. This same restless spirit took some of the (lescendents of Launcelot to England from whom sprang the younger branches of the family, rendered famous by Admiral Robert Blake, the indomitable old republican sailor who secured to England much of her naval supremacy and infused that intrepidity of spirit and enterprise by which the British navy has ever since been distinguished. Again we find this same spirit cropping out in Levi, the father of the subject of this sketch, for early in 181 7, we find him leaving Ver- mont to find a home in Western New York, where, settling in Erie county, he remained a few years and then removed to Crawford county, Pennsylvania ; but after remaming there some seven years — finding the country becoming too old, in 1834, taking two of his sons, Lucius S. and E. Sandford, the former being at that time eighteen years old, he started on after the Lidians and came West to Chicago — then consisting of Eort Dearborn and a small village. Here the father engaged himself at his vocation, that of contractor and builder, his two sons working for him and assisting in erecting many buildings which, until marble fronts and Mansard roofs, displaced them, were pointed out to curious eyes as vestiges of old Chicago. Returning in the fall of the year, the whole family came west as far as Cass county, Michigan, but the emigration fever again seizing them, the father and three sons struck out for the West, and, passing around Lake Mich- igan, followed its western shore till they arrived at Root river, now the site of the beautiful city of Racine; here, about seven miles from the mouth of the river, they staked out claims, and, bringing on the family, commenced farming. Lucius S. remained on his father's farm until twenty-one years of age, and then contracted to remain one year longer at twenty-five dollars per month, at the expiration of which time he left the pater- nal roof and engaged himself at Kenosha (then Southport) to Gen. Bulien and Samuel Hale, now of the firm of Hale, Ayer & Co., Chicago, to do carpenter and joiner work, receiving as compeiasation $1.50 per day in "store pay." At the age of twenty-threfe we find him still at work at the trade learned of his father, at Racine, in the employ of Charles S. Wright, one of nature's noblemen long since departed to his reward. This business Mr. Blake carried on for sev- 36 BIOGRAPHY. eral years — several buildings still remaining at Racine to testify to his handicraft — but now having acquired something of this world's goods, and being fascinated withal by the youthful charms of Caroline, daughter of William Elliott, an English maiden but lately arrived, he concluded to go the way of the world and was married, the union being blessed with five children of whom death has taken two. In the year 1843, perceiving the necessity of the country and the large amount of wheat growing, he commenced the manufacture of fiirrn- ing implements, making fanning mills a specialty. At first the business was necessarily small, his capital being restricted and the demands of the farming community readily supplied, but year by year, as capital and the facilities of doing business increased the production, the manufactory was enlarged, until at length liis estab- lishment stands at the head as the largest fanning mill manufactory in the northv.-est. Although in youth debarred by the early removal of his father's family from the East, of all but the most meagre educational oppor- tunities, his indomitable perseverance, energy and natural business qualifications, have rendered him successful. While many have left Racine to look further west for homes, and among them every member of his father's family, he has remained steadily employed at his business in the place of his early adoption, and has seen it grow from the wild woods into a thriving city. As his means increased he has always sought an opportunity for investment, and associating with himself partners of ability and integrity — is now. besides the manufacturer of agricultural implements, at the head of the largest and most complete woolen mill in the west, which has gained a wide reputation in the manufacture of elegant and service- able shawls. In his investments, his own home has always had the preference, and to-day he occupies the position of the largest real estate holder in the city of Racine, owning several public building, manufactories, and numerous residences. While attending to his private aft'airs he has not been neglectful of public duties, and probably no man in Racine has givenmoreof his time and means or exerted his influence more to make Racine what she to-day is — a leading town in the State. B I G R A PHY. 37 He was one of the first trustees under the village government, and succeeded his father as treasurer of the county of Racine. During 1863-4 he served as provost marshal of Racine county, and has been city councilman for several terms and still occupies that position — acting as chairman of the finance committee. During the session of 1S70 he represented his city in the legislature of the State, and procured the passage of several bills of importance to the general interests of his constituents and the welfare of Racine city. In the fall of 1871 he received the unanimous nomination for Assemblyman, but though deservedly popular, was defeated by the combined exertions of the young men of Racine who preferred a man of their own standing. However, not being desirous of office, he is content if he can serve public interest in any way, and consents to occupy position, when by so doing public good may be accom- plished, satisfied to enjoy the prosperity which kind providence and his own toil and integrity has given him, and gratified with the assur- ances that the labor of his hands has been blessed with good to others as well as himself. The family name of the subject cf this sketch is one of respecta- bility and distinction in the County Galway, Ireland, containing two titles of nobilit)- — Lord and Baronet. The lords assume the title of Walscourt, the residence being Ardfry. JOSEPH V. QUARLES, Jr. Joseph V. Quarles. Jr., was bom at Kenosha, Wisconsin, Decem- ber 16, 1843, graduated in the literary department of the University of Mich., in June 1866, and attended the law school of said Univers- ity. He studied law in the office of O. S. Head, Esq., an eminent law- yer at Kenosha, Wisconsin, and k now practicing law in his native city. He was District Attorney of Kenosha County, in the years 1868 and 1869, and is now Superintendent of Public Instruction in the city of Kenosha. Mr. Quarles is a young lawyer of great promise, for one of his years, and from his attainments, agreeable manners, strict attention 38 BIOGRAPHY to the interest of his cnents, and above all, from his strict integrity, he bids fair for a high place in his profession, when of more mature years. The biographer has written the last sentence, from a knowledge of Mr. Quarles character, acquired during a recent visit to Kenosha. RICHARD B. BATES. Richard B. Bates was born at West Troy, New York, August 1 7 1843 ; received a common school education, finished at Fort Edward Institute, Washington Count}', New York; came to Wisconsin in the spring of 1856, and settled at Delavan. From 1857 to i86i,he lived at Darien, in the employ of Mr.N. W. Hoag ; in the fall of 1862, moved to Delavan, and was in the employ of Messrs. Bradley & Goff, till March, 1865, when he moved to Mil- waukee, and engaged with Messrs. Noonan & McNab, as book-keeper, where he remained till June, 1857, when he was obliged to return to Delavan to take charge of the lumber trade of his father, who died in Nov. 1S66, at Delavan. He, Mr. Bates, was associated with INIaj. Askellum in the lumber business until the Spring of 1857, when they sold the yard at Delavan, and started one at Racine, taking Mr. N. W. Hoag, of Racine, into the concern. In the fall of 1871, he was elected to represent the city of Racine in the legislative Assembly, having been opposed by Hon. I,. S. Blake, a respectable, wealthy, and popular republican. CHARLES FRANTZ Was born in Minden, Westphalia, Prussia, 1S40; educated at the same place. My father is still living at Minden and is professor in a literary institution. I came to this country in spring of 1855, and settled at Kenosha, Wis., was engaged in mercantile business at Kenosha and Chicago until the fall of 1861. I enlisted as a private in Company C, 9th Regiment Wis. Vol., on the 9th of September, 1861, to which Com- pany I recruited 48 men from Kenosha, Wis.; was elected 2d Lieut- B 1 G n A P II Y . S9 enant of Company C, and ia the spring of 1S62 promoted ist Lieut- enant. After the battle at Prairie Grove, Ark., I was promoted to Captain and transferred to company G ; was with the regiment in every eng.igemcnt ; I lost my left arm in the battle at Jenkins' Ferry.- Ark., April 30th, 1864, was taken prisoner at the same time, and experienced the hardships of prison life in Tyler, Texas ; was ex- changed in Feb. 1S65 ; rejoined my regiment in March at little Reck, Ark.; received a furlough for two months. While home the war was about to close and all officers then on furlough were muster- ed out by special order from the War Department. After the war closed, I took part in the political field, was active in promoting the interests of the republican party ; was elected in the spring of 1866, City Treasurer of Kenosha, re-elected in 1867 and i86S;was elected Register of Deeds in the fall of 1868, andappoint- ed Post Master in the spring of 1869, which office I now hold. FRANK CHARNLEY. Frank Charnley, contractor and builder, was born in Manchester England, in the year 1S18, and emigrated to Milwaukee in 1842. Since his arrival in this city, he has been engaged in the building business. The first contract he took of any account was the build- ing of the old brick Methodist church in 1844, on the comer of Spring and West Water streets, which was burned some years ago. Since the erection of the church, he has built a large number of stores, dwellings and other buildings, among which is a stone front dwelling for D. Newhall, also a house for John Tockwood, Esq., one for Mr. Hibbard, Sentinel office block, Burchard's block, all the masonry on the three elevators, and one at Prairie du Chien, besides other buildings for various purposes, and is at present enga- ged in the erection of the Milwaukee county court house, built of Lake Superior brov/n sand stone, from Bass Island. The foregoing list of buildings shows the extensive practice, and estimate formed of Mr. Charnley's skill and fidelity as a contractor and builder, but what has especially crowned his success is the Court house now approach- ing completion, which bears lasting and visible testimony to his com 40 B I G K A P II Y . petency to carry out, in full detail, the plans and specifications of a large public building. The court house is a credit to the state, and adds considerably to the beauty of the Queen city of the Lakes, but the color of the stone detracts very considerably from the appearance of this splendid edifice. JOHN McCABE. John McCabe was born at Maltown, county Cavan^ Ireland, in 1823, educated there in the national schools, and followed the busi- ness of farming; came to the United States in 1842; enlisted in the late war in 1863; made up a company at Oshkosh, and promoted to the rank of ist Lieutenant, in the 5th regiment of Wisconsin volun- teers ; was afterwards promoted to the rank of captain, and fought under General Sheridan ifi the Shenandoah Valley ; moved in front of Petersburg, where he was engaged in several battles ; also fought in the battle at the surrender of General Lee; was member of several al town and county boards ; was chairman of the Town of Vinland, and conducted a farm for some time. Being deficient in education, he went to school at Albany after having arrived in the United States. HENRY TYRRELL. Henry Tyrrell was born in the town of Derby, state of Connecti- cut, on the 30th day of October, 181 5; was educated at an academy in his native town until the age of fourteen, when he left school and his home, to take care of himself. Making his way to the town of New ]\Iilford, about 42 miles from his home, he engaged with a man of the name of Blakney, to learn the tailor's trade. Mr. Blakney having an extensive library, to which the subject of this narrative had access, he, during the four years spent in learning his trade, took care to improve his spare time by taking advantage of so valuable a treasure as the books in the library contained. On leaving New Milford, he removed to the town of Winchester, Con- necticut, and engaged with Messrs. S. & L. Harbut, merchants of that place, working at his trade part of the time, and purchasing wool during the rest. Having remained vvith the Messrs. Harbut for BIOGRAPHY. 41 about three years, spending his spare time in reading Blackstone's Commentaries and other works on commop law, he removed to his native town and having accumulated a few hundred dollars, and be-' ing 2 1 years of age, in March, 1836, he married Miss Jennett Wor- ster, daughter of Mr. Daniel Worbter, who was a resident of Racine county, Wisconsin, as early as 1S39, having removed from the town of Derby in that year. In 1S57, Mr. Tyrrell removed to Litchfield, Connecticut, where he engaged in business on his own account, sell- irig goods, and for a fev/ years was very successful ; but those were days of extensive credit, and it was his misfortune to lose a large amount due him by those who took the benefit of the national baiik- • rupt law. After settling and paying all his debts, he was left with about $160 in his hands. With this scanty sum, he started with his little family, consisting of his wife and two boys, the elder being then about three years old, and landed in Racine, on the i8th day of November, 1843, with only die sovereign, and three ten cent pieces in his pocket, and no furniture. Soon after his arrival in Racine, he got work at his former trade, by which he soon saved as much as en- abled him to build a house, and open up several farms. He was in the ^wholesale grocery business for several years in Racine, and mm- ufaftved pine lumber in the northern part of the state for some time. He is now engaged in the real estate and conveyancing busi-^ ness, which he has conducted for about eight years. In this connec- tion it may not be irrelevant to state, that his son Mr. Franklin Tyrrell, is proprietor of the Huggins House, at Racine, which is ad- mirably conducted.- The biographer having stopped at the Huggins House several times, has no hesitation in recommending it to all who seek comfort, convenience, and attention on reasonable terms. REV. WALTER S. ALEXANDER, Was born in Killingly, Windham county, Connecticut, August 29th, 1S35. His father. Col. William Alexander, now living, at the advanced age of 85 years, has filled many positions of public trust, having honorably served the State as Senator and Representa- tive. 2 42 BIOGRAPHY. Rev. Mr. Alexander was fitted for college at \\'orcester and Middle- borough, Mass., entered Yale College in the autumn of 1S54, and received his degree of M. A. with the class of 1S58. He entered Andover Theological Seminary in 1861, and i)ursued the full three year's course of theological study. He was licensed to preach the Gospel by the Woburn (Mass.) Association, in Jan., 1861, and in the autumn after his graduation liom the Seminary received urgent calls from the Congregational church in Sharon, Mass., and from the first Congregational church in Pomfret, Conn. The latter call he accepted, and was ordained and installed pastor Nov. 2 2d, 1861. Prof. Edwards A. Park, of Andover, preaching the sermon. He labored with great success in Pomfret over four years. During this lime there were published his sermons on the death of Dea. Job Williams, I>ieut. Edwin R. Keyes, Rev. Daniel Hunt, President Lincoln, and a sermon, commemora- tive of the 150th anniversary of the organization of the church. In the autumn of 1865 he accepted a second and more urgent call to the pastorate of the first Presbyterian church of Racine. He began labor Feb. ist, 1866, and was installed in June follow- ing Prof F. VV. Fisk, D. D. preaching the sermon. The church has grown rapidly under Mr. Alexander's ministry, 180 additions having been made since the beginning of his pastorate. His church now numbers more than 375 members, and exerts a wide influence in the State. Mr. Alexander is a corresponding member of the historical societies of Wisconsin and Minnesota. He has a large and valuable Geological Cabinet, and perhaps the most exten- sive and interesting autograph collection in the West. G. TIMME. The subject of this sketch was born at Verde n, in the kingdom of Prussia, in 1843 ; emigrated to America, with his parents in 1846, and arriving at Kenosha county, on the 27 th of August, the same year, where he lived with his parents in the town of Wheatland, till August, 17, 1861, when he enlisted as a private in company C, of the BIOGRAPHY. 4^ ist Wis., Volunteer Infantry. He was engaged in the following battles, viz., the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862, the battle of Stone River, Tennessee, Dec. 31, Jan. 2, 3, 4 and 5, 1862-63; the battle of Jefferson, 28 and 29, Dec, 1862; the battle of Kenesavv Mountain, or Pigeon Ridge, Gd., Sept., i2th and 13th, 1863; the battle of Chicamauga, Ca., Sept., 19th and 20th, 1863, at which battle (20th) he lost his left arm, while assisting to rei:)ulse an attack of the enemy; and finally was re- moved to the Harvey Hospital, at Madison, Wisconsin. He was then promoted to the rank of Captain, for his distinguished gallantry displayed in the battle of Chicamauga; he left the service in May 6, 1864. His education having been neglected in his younger days, he entered the commercial college at Cleveland, Ohio, where he graduated. In 1865 the gallant captain returned to his old town where he was elected town clerk in the spring of 1865 ; assessor, and justice of the peace for two terms. In 1866, he was elected to the office of clerk of county board of supervisors, of Kenosha county, which he still occupies. The captain has been several times chosen delegate to county and state conventions by the repub- lican party. HON. WILLIAM C. ALLEN Was born on the 2d day of February, 1814, in the town of Hosick, in the county of Rensselaer, in the state of New York. Worked on his father's farm until he was si.xteen years of age; he then left home to get an education, with a determination to study the law as a profession. He had no resources except his health, in- dustry and wi-ll to work his way up in life the best he could. After taking an academical course for four years, he entered the law office of C. H. Putnam, Esq., in the county of Montgomer)-, where be remained as a student for four years. Was admitted to the bar in the state of New York, in 1S41. In October following, moved to Wisconsin, settled in Delavan, Walworth county, and there fir^t entered upon the practice of his profession. Was elected county 44 BIOGRAPHY. judge in the year 1842, and continued to hold the office for twelve years ; was one of the originators of the institution for the "education of the deaf and dumb. Was appointed a trustee in the first by gov- ernor Farwell, in 1852, and continued as such trustee until 187 1, a period of nineteen years. Was one of the committee who compiled the statutes of 1849; organized the Walworth County Bank, and served as its president for ten years. Was among the first origina- tors of the W^estern Union Railroad ; served as director for six years and since president of the company four years. Took an ac- tive part in building a plank road from Racine to Delavan. Served two consecutive terms in the legislature, in the years of 1866 and 1867. Moved to the city of Racine in the spring of 1870, opened a law office and commenced the practice of law in the city. Ob- tained the charter for the Manufacturer's National Bank of Racine, and on its organization became one of its stockholders, was elected one of the directors. Was chosen city attorney in the summer of 1870, gave material assistance to the city in compromising and fund- ing the city debt into new 'bonds. Judge Allen is emphatically a public spirited man, and has rendered a ready and willing hand to aid in developing the material resources of the state, as well as ex- panding and enlarging the moral and intellectual condition of the people. Is one of the state board of charities, a strong temperance advocate, a teacher in the sabbath school, a member of the presby- terian church and an elder thereof. Judge Allen is one who believes, and acts upon the principle, that the path of the just is as a shin- ing light, growing brighter and brighter to the perfect day. He is kind and generous in all his social and business relations, and esteemed by all who have the pleasure of his acquaintance. EDWARD NICHOLAS HEATH. Edward Nicholas Heath received his preparatory education in some of the best schools in Dublin, Ireland, and had peculiar advan- tages to prepare himself for the profession he now practices in Madi- son, Wisconsin. His father was a distinguished surgeon, having the charge of various public institutions for many years in the county of BIOGRAPHY. 45 Wicklow, Ireland. His brother, William Heath, was a man of extraor- dinar}^ capacity. There is erected to him a beautiful monument within the walls of the Episcopal parochial church of Baltinglass, as a lasting proof of his eminent abihties, by a surgeon and physician. The maternal grandfather of Dr. Heath was an eminent surgeon, and his maternal uncle was staff surgeon to the forces; and perform- ed the most difficult surgical operations known in his day, a fact which history testifies. Numerous testimonials in the doctor's posses- sion from men high in their profession in Dublin, show that he had peculiar facilities for acquiring a thorough knowledge of his profes- sion. The following is taken verbatim from the London Medical Directory, "'Heath, Edward Nicholas, Licentiate of Surgery, Licen- tiate of Midwifery, medical diploma, all from Royal College of Sur- geons in Ireland, surgeon to Hathetstown, and Rathville Dispensa- ries, assistant surgeon to the Baltinglass Infirmary, and also medical attendant to the Stratford Fever Hospital." JOHN H. NICHOLS. The gentleman at the head of this article was born in Malony, Franklin county, state of New York, on the 14th day of January, 1808; received a common school education ; was employed as clerk with J. AValbridge, at Gaines, Orleans county, N. Y., for three years, at the end of which time, he became a partner in the estabHshment under the name of Nichols & Walbridge, selling merchandise, manu- facturing pot and pearl ashes, and purchasing lumber and grain. He continued in the company for about four years, when his partner re- tired, leaving him sole manager of the business, in which he continued till 1839, when he removed to Brockport, Monroe county. New York, where he opened a bank called the bank of Brockport, which he conducted as manager till 1S44. In 1842 he established a mercan- tila house at Southport, now Kenosha, combining produce, wheat, paying cash, a practice not before known. In 1847, he gave up business. During the above time he was engaged in the lumbering and forwarding trade largely, running at the same time branch 46 BIOGRAPHY houses at Platteville, A^ienna, Waukegan, Solon Mills and McHenry, Illinois. His concern at Platteville, was burned out in 1844, and re- built again. While at Platteville, he purchased lead, brought it by- teams to Kenosha, and shipped to New York. In 1847, he retired from business ; went back ot the state of New York, and com- menced the construction of railroads and canals, among which was the enlargement of the Erie canal, from Buffalo to Black Rock, with the view to make it a ship canal ; was contractor of the Hudson River rail- road, on the extension of the Harlem and Albany railroad, built a portion of the Canandaigua and Jefferson railroad ; also a large por- tion of the Great Western railroad in Canada. Among the canal contracts, was a lock at Seneca Falls, in Cayuga county, New- York, also built an aqueduct at Oswego, N. Y. After all this her- culean labor, Mr. Nichols, became a farmer, in the town of Rich- mond, McHenry county, IlUnois, in 1855, where he carried on the making of cheese on a large scale. In 1S57 he closed up that busi- ness, and sold his farm. He has been in no business since, except in the real estate, at Chicago. He was married at Vernon, Oneida county, N. Y., in Januar)-, 1S35, to Caroline E. Hitchcock, daughter of Hon. Luke Hitchcock, by whom was born a son and daughter. The son, John M. Nichols, jr., was appointed I,ieutenant in the ist Regt. U. S. Cavalry; was killed June 12th, 1864, at Trevillian sta- tion, Va., while serving under Gen. Sheridan. HON. CADWALLADER C. WASHBURN. It is not within the range of possibility to do common justice to the subject of this sketch in as many pages as there are words in the outline furnished the biographer to enable him to discharge his duty in as ample a manner as the distinguished subject deserves, and the author would wish. The reader luust therefore draw largely on his imagination, to dress up the bare skeleton intended to be described. Cadwallader C. Washburn was born at Livermorc, in the state of Maine, April 22, 1818 ; received an academic education; studied and practiced law ; and was conmiissioned colonel of the second BIOGRAPHY. 47 Wisconsin cavalry, October, loth 1861, in the Union Army, in the war for the suppression of the late rebellion. He was promoted Brigadier General, November, 19, 1862. General Washburn was a member of the thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth, fortieth, and forty-first Congress, and elected Governor of the state of Wisconsin in 1871, receiving 78,301 votes, against 68,910 for Hon. James R. Doolittle. (Democrat.) • HON. DANIEL HALL. The city of Watertown, (including the Fifth and Sixth Wards thereof in Dodge county, and the town of Ixonia and Watertown,) is represented in the legislative assembly, by the gentleman at the head of this sketch, who is in politics a republican, and resides in the city of Watertown. He was born in Greenwich, Washington county, N. Y., Nov. 20, 18 19; graduated at Union College in 1845, is by profession a lawyer. He came to Wisconsin in 1851, and set- tled at Watertown ; was district attorney of Jefferson county, in 1857 and 1858, and member of the assembly in 1870, and 1871; and re-elected to the assembly in 1872, running as an independent candidate, receiving 1,182 votes, against 516 for his opponent. On the organization of the assembly, was chosen speaker; was chairman of the judiciary committee of the Assembly, in ] 87 1. Much praise is due to speaker Hall for his able advocacy in the Watertown railroad case argued in the present session of the Legislature. Had not the per- sonal hability of property holders in that city been relieved from a large debt assumed by the corporation, the consequences would be ruinous to the future growth and prosperity of Watertown. COL. RICHARD DUNBAR. The gentleman at the head of this sketch deserves more than a brief notice, which the biographer would cheerfully give, were he not limited by the mtended plan of the work. The subject of the sketch was born in Mayo count}^, Ireland, May ist, 1821 ; emigrated to 48 • BIOGRAPHY. America at an early age ; and was engaged in various enterprises of considerable magnitude. He had the honor of being the first who turned a railroad sod in the state of Minnesota, between St. l^aul and St. Anthony ; to him is also due the honor of bringing the first supply of Potomac water into the city of AVashington, which was an achievement calculated to transmit his name to posterity as a pub- lic benefactor. A man of the colonel's untiring spirit of enter- prise could not be bound to one limited spot. A mind like his thirsts for knowledge, and is incessantly extending the bounds of in- quiry; two facts fully illustrated by the colonel, who traveled exten- sively through the states, the Canadas, the West India Islands, and South America. Being a man of inquiring mind and clear observation, he allowed nothing to escape his notice that could be applied to any useful pur- pose. Accident, however, contributed more to his success, and brought about an event in the history of his life, better calculated to perpetuate his name and memory than all the preconcerted and pre- meditated acts of his life. This event could not be told in more ap- propriate terms than the following, copied from Col. Dunbars own account. "History of the providential discovery by the subscriber, who had been suffering for over two years with what appeared to be an incurable disease, known as saccharine diabetes." Having applied to the most eminent medical men in this country and in Europe, with- out any perceptible benefit or relief resulting from their treatment, he despaired of ever being cured. Being called to attend the funeral of a friend, his excessive thirst led him to]a spring near by, where tasting the water and finding it palatable he indulged freely in drink- ing several glasses, when to his surprise he found himself in a copious perspiration for the first time in over two years. Retiring at the usual hour that night, he slept undisturbed for the first time during his illness, having been invariably disturbed at intervals, eight or ten times during the night with a continuous thirst, and drinking freely. In addition to the foregoing benefit his constipation was relieved, whereby all medical preparations were dispensed with. These results being so marked and striking, led him at once to repeat the use of the water, and in a few days thereafter left for his home at Brooklyn, BIOGRAPHY. 49 New York, believing liimself to be cured. This occurred in 1868. During Januarj^ following, he had a relapse of this distressing disease, which led him to consult his medical advisor, Professor Willard Par- ker, M. D. of New York city, who advised him to visit the spring in Wisconsin, from which he derived such benefit before, and note specially the result attendant on the use of the water, and report to him the result frequently, during his ^ay at the spring. On this, his second visit to the spring, he found his condition as follows: Specific gravity of urine marking 45 ° , densely saccharine dryness of the mouth, gums, tongue and lips, with insatiable thirst and constipa- tion of the bowels, with acute pains in the region of the kidneys and left hip, weakness of Umbs, languid feeling ; and uncontrollable dis- charge of urine, and general prostration and emaciation of the whole system. A few days use of the water resulted in producing a perfect- ly normal condition of the whole system, all traces of sugar removed, and specific gravity that marked 45 ° was reduced to 18 ° . This wonderful result induced him to give it extended publicity, being satisfied himself of its curative properties, and sustained in his opin- ion by eminent medical men. The author has read numerous pub- lished letters from medical men of high standing, residing in several parts of the states, all bearing the most flattering testimony to the extraordinary curative properties of the Bethesda spring water. Many of those medical gentlemen are known to the author, who haa no hesitation in stating that they are all gentlemen of acknowledged professional abilities, and altogether too respectable to lend them- selves to anything bordering upon quackery, or testifying to anything contrary to truth. As immediately connected with the subject of the present article, and with the natural and industrial resources of Wisconsin, it will not be considered out of place, or contrary to the intended plan of the author to give the anaysis of the Bethesda Mineral Water, by Professor Chandler, of Columbia College, New York, whose character is a sufficient guarantee for its accuracy. In one U. S.. or wine gallon, of 231 inches, there are: Chloride of Sodium, . _ _ _ 1,160 grains. Sulphate of Potassa, - - - - 0,454 Sulphate of Sodium, - - - - 0,542 3 50 BIOGRAPHY. Bicarbonate of Lime, Bicarbonate of Magnesia, - Bicarbonate of Iron, Bicarbonate of Soda, Phosphate of Soda, AUimina, Silica, Organic Matter, - 17,022 12,388 0,042 1,256 a trace. 0,122 0,741 1,983 Total, ------ 35,710 grains. So much has been written and said in praise of the Bethesda Spring Water, of Waukesha, a short description of that town and its surroundings, taken from the '"Waukesha Freeman," may" not prove uninteresting to the readers of this Avork. "These springs are situa- ted in the state of Wisconsin, within the corporate limits of the beautiful town of Waukesha, which contains about three thousand inhabitants. They are in direct communication with the great city of Milwaukee, distance eighteen miles, and the city of Madison, capital of the state, 50 niiles, and therefore are of easy access to all parts of the states. The climate is unusually salubrious, the natural beauty and picturesque scenery of the surrounding country is esi)ecially attractive, pleasant walks, roads, and excellent fishing abounds, the best medical advice can be procured." REV. CLEMENT F. LEFEVRE, D. D. The subject of this memoir is of English parentage, being born at Berkampstead, in the county of Hertfordshire, on the 12th of No- vember, 1797. His father was a clergyman cf the established church and a graduate of Pembroke College, Oxford. Having been presented to a living at Soutliampton, in the diocese of Winchester, he removed there when the writer of the ])resent sketch was an in- fant in arms, and he consequently associates with Hampshire, all the reminiscences of his earliest years. He received from his father, who took a select number of pupils, some of whom were prepared under his instructions for entering the universities of Oxford and Cam- bridge, a classical education. BIOGRAPHY. 51 At the age of seventeen he entered the Royal Navy as Lieuten- ant of Royal Marines, and served in that capacity on board of a frigate on the Halifax station. He was never in any engagement during his service in the navy. Being placed on the peace establish- ment in 1815. he spent most of his time till the Autumn of 18 17, in France, to acquire a better knowledge of the language of that country with which he had been familiar from an early age. In September of the last named year, he left England with other half-pay officers, to join Bolivar, in the war for Spanish Independence, in the South Ameri- can colonies. The vessel in which he had embarked put in at a port in Venezuela, where General Axismendez, had the command, and his advice was, that the vessel should proceed to the Port of Spain, in the island of Trinidad, where passage could be obtained up the Uronoco, to join the army under General Bolivar. This was accord- ingly accomplished On the arrival of the vessel, the yellow fever was raging in the island, and scarcely a family from the north escaped without losing some member. Among the newly arrived it was especially fatal, and a number of the passengers were its victims. The writer was attacked by the disease but fortunately it was in the mountain district whither he had rambled in company with another officer. To this cause he attributes his escape as there was no in- stance of recovery among those who had fallen sick in Port of Spain. The consequent effects of the disease was so debiUtating that he never, after his recovery, felt equal to any bodily exertion, though he remained over a year on the island. He became at length aware that the only remedy Tor a vigorous state of health could be found in more northern latitudes. He therefore concluded to embark for the United States, but finding no opportunity from Trinidad he pro- ceeded to Martinique, where there was commercial intercourse be- tween that island and Baltimore. On the passage to Martinque the schooner in which he had enibarked discharged some of her freight, and took in other at the islands of St. Vincent and St. Lucia, giving him an opportunity of spending some days ashore Arriving at St. Pierre, Martinique, there was a detention of several days before an opportunity presented itself for embarking for Baltimore, and he availed himself of this delay in visiting Port Royal. At length a 52 BIOGRAPHY. schooner left for that port with the subject of this sketch and two other passengers, and arrived after a passage of five weeks. The northern breezes had the desired sanitary influence, and strength and health took the place of debility and sickness. After remaining in Baltimore for sev- eral weeks, he proceeded to New York. Thrown on his own resources for a living he engaged as an assistant teacher in the academy of Rev. Dr. Clowes, at Hempstead, Long Island, N. Y. Occupying this position for two years he felt a desire to study in view of taking orders in the Episcopal church. At the time of making this decis- ion some friends from England arrived in N. Y., on their way to Canada, and recommeded that he should make that province the theatre of his labors He consulted with the Rt. Rev. Dr. Hobart, Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal church, who expressed the satis- faction it would have given him to have added his name to the list of candidates for orders in his own diocese, but as he would be of equal service to the cause in the Province, and as the situation would be permanent, and his salary paid by the government he thought it would be to his advantage to avail himself of the patronage of the established church. After passing ' a course of theological studies under the chaplain of the Bishop of Quebec, circumstances render- ed it expedient that he should return to England, and taking the necessary testimonials with him he received ordination at the hands of the Bishop of London, at his private chapel at the i^alace of Ful- ham, the 23d of December, 182 1. Being adopted by the "Society for the Propogation of the Gospel in foreign parts," he returned to Canada, and was placed at the disposal of the Bishop of Quebec, who appointed him to the church at Sherbrooke, in the province of Quebec. Having married the sister of Dr. Clowes, on his arrival in New York, he proceeded to Sherbrooke, assumed the pastorate and sustained that position for eight years. In the latter days of his ministry he entertained doubts of the doctrine of the absolute eternity of punishment, which appeared to him inconsistent with the attributes both of the justice and mercy of God, whose chastisement the scriptures present as parental and re- medial. Another difficulty presented itself in the doctrine of the Trinity He found no authority in scripture, and certainly no evi- BIOGRAPHY. 53 dence in reason, for the article of the church which asserts that God consists of three persons, equally, separately and identically God in all his perfect attributes and yet only one God. Whatever rank Christ the Son of God, and the Jloly Ghost might entertain in the divine nature, he believed it must be subordinate to the Supremacy ot the one God. With this conviction he made known his views to Dr. Stewart, his Bishop, and finding in the interviews which took place between them no sufficient reason in his mind for retracting his opinions, he withdrew from the ministry of the Episcopal church. He only in conclusion desires here to state that he received the most charitable consideration from the Bishop, what the church esteemed heresy, and who in his confirmation visits to his former parishioners at Sherbrooke, .expressed much regret at the necessary separation. At the close of the year 1829 he left Canada with his family and v^ent to New York, and in that year received the fellowship of the uni- versalist denomination. In the sequel he was pastor of the society in Troy, N. Y., for four years, six in the city of New York, and four in the city of Pludson, N. Y. From the last named place he emigrated to the west. He was influenced to this movement from the flattenng descriptions he re- ceived of the country, from families who had settled there, many of them formerly members of his church in Sherbrooke. On the i8th day of May, 1844, he landed in xMilwaukee, Avhere he was invited to take charge of a society just formed and whose pastor he was for six consecutive years. Family affairs in England making it desirable for him to return to his native land he resigned his pastorship. Having purchased land in the town of Lake, now in the eighth ward of the city of Milwaukee, he built a house and made a permanent home for his family. He never resumed the jxistorial relationship, but confined his ministry to occasional services in vacant places, and as a correspondent to the denominational papers. In the course of his life it has been his privilege to visit the principal cities in Europe, St. Petersburg and Moscow in the north, the intermediate large cities as far south as Naples, besides traveling through Pales- tine, up the Nile and among the isles of Greece. If his life has not been an eventful one, it has been at least varied by travel. He 51 BIOGRAPHY hopes to pass in repose his remaining years at Hazehvood, the resi- dence of his family, till he takes his place in the "Forest Cemetery," where are two very dear to him, an aged wife, and a son in his mature manhood, who have preceded him. The subject of this sketch is brother to Sir George LeFevre, who received the order of Knighthood, from Queen Victoria, of England, on his return to England from Russia, where he resided for many years, as physician to the British Embassy, at the court of St. Peters- burg. The Doctor's father was, for thirty years, connected in his official capacity, with the chaplaincy of the British Embassy in Paris, where he died, and his remains are deposited in the cemetery of Montmartre. The Rev. Doctor Ee Fevre is a gentleman of acknowledged abili- ties, as a preacher. The writer has not had the pleasure of hearing him preach, but report speaks highly of his eloquence, literary re- search, close reasoning, and extensive and intimate knowledge of the scriptures. Having separated from the Protestant Episcoi)al church, he preached many controversial sermons, of which those of his persuasion speak very highly. As a companion, he is most aoreeable, and his social qualities such as maybe expected from one of his education, family connections, and intercourse with the world. UNITED STATES SENATORS. Hon, Timothy O. Howe, Hon. Matt. H. Carpenter. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. Alexander Mitchell, ist District. Jeremiah W. Hazelton, 2d District. J. Allen, 3d District. Charles A. Eldredge, 4th District. Philetus, Sawyer, 5th District. Jeremiah M. Rusk, 6th District. STATE SENATORS. 55 STATE SENATE FOR 1872. Bacon Orin, miller and woolen manufacturer, Monticello, Green. Belcjen, Philo. farmer, Rochester, Racine. Blair, William, machinist, Waukesha, Waukesha. Brown, Orlando, farmer, Modena, Buffalo. Cameron, Angus, lawyer, I^a Crosse, La Crosse. Clark, Saterlee, lawyer, Horicon, Dodge. Colladay, William M. farmer, Stoughton, Dane. Davis, Romanzo E. farmer, Middleton, Dane. Eaton, Henry L. farmer. Lone Rock, Richland. Flint, Waldo S. farmer and nurseryman, Princeton, Green Lake. Foster, James H. general business and farmer, Koro, Winnebago. Griswold, WiUiam M. "senator," Columbus, Columbia. Hiner, William H. iron manufacturer. Fond du Lac, Fond du Lac. HoUoway, John C. farmer, Lancaster, Grant. Huebschmann, Francis, physician, Milwaukee, Milwaukee. Irish, Joseph K. clergyman, New Richmond, St. Croix. Jones, John H. lawyer, Sheboygan, Sheboygan. Kreiss, George, manufacturer, Appleton, Outagamie. Lindsley, Miron P. lawyer, Green Bay, Brown. Little, Francis, farmer, Mineral Point, Iowa. Magoon, Henry S. lawyer, Darlington, La Fayette. Miner, Eliphalet S. merchant and lumberman, Necedah, Juneau. Mitchell, John L. farmer, Milwaukee, j\Iilwaukee. Morgan, Lyman, manufacturer, Ozaukee. Ozaukee. Nelson, William, newspaper publisher, Viroqua, Vernon. Pratt, Samuel, farmer. Spring Prairie, Walworth. Quimby, John B. lawyer, Sauk City, Sauk. Reed, Myron, lawyer, Waupaca, Waupaca. Schmidt, Carl H. editor and printer, Manitowoc, Manitowoc, Thorp, Joseph G. merchant and lumberman, Eau Claire Eau Claire. Wagner, Joseph, farmer, Calvary, Fond du Lac. Williams, Charles G. Janesville, Rock. Woodman, William W. farmer, Jcjhnson's Creek. Jefterson. 66 ASSEMBLYMEN. ASSEMBLY FOR 1872. Hall, Daniel, Speaker, lawyer, Watertown, Jefterson. Abert, George, real estate dealer and contractor, Milwaukee, Mil- Avaukee. Adams, Benjamin F. farmer. Door Creek, Dane. Adams, Jolin, merchant, Black Earth, Dane. Adams, Michael, farmer, Danville, Dodge. Allen, Gideon W. lawyer, Sturgeon Bay, Door. Atwater, Allen H. farmer, Oak Grove, Dodge. Ayres, D. Cooper, physician, Fort Howard, Brown. Bailey, Elias P. farmer, Menomonee, Dunn. Bainbridge, Thomas, general business, Benton, La Fayette. Baldwin, Phineas, farmer, Oregon, Dane. Barron, Henry D. lawyer, St. Croix Falls, Polk. Bates, Richard B. lumber dealer, Racine, Racine. Becker, Mortiz N. produce dealer, Milwaukee, Milwaukee. Beckwith, Nelson F. lumber dealer, Omro, Winnebago. Black, John, wholesale liquor dealer, Milwaukee, Milwaukee. Bohan, John R. editor and publisher, Ozaukee, Ozaukee. Brace, Henry C. farmer. Fall River, Columbia. Brock way, Eustace L. lumberman, Black River Falls, Jackson. Brown, Charles, farmer, Brookfield Center, "Waukesha. Burdick, Zebulon P. farmer, Janesville, Rock. Bushnell, Allen R. lawyer, Lancaster, Grant. Cabanis, George E. carpenter. Big Patch, Grant. Gary, John W. lawyer, Milwaukee, Milwaukee. Caswell, Lucien B. lawyer. Fort Atkinson, Jefterson. Caswell, Oliver A, farmer, Mt. Sterling, Crawford. Chase, Henry A. Physician and surgeon, Viroqua, Vernon. Cheever, Dustin G. farmer, Clinton, Rock. Colman, Elihu, lawyer. Fond du Lac, Fond du Lac. Comstock, Noah D. farmer, Arcadia, Trempealeau. Corning, William W. merchant, Portage City, Columbia, Cory, Jerome B. physician, Patch Grove, Grant. Cowie, George, farmer, Glencoe, Buffalo. Dimond, Neil, farmer, Midland, Marquette. ASSEMBLYMEN. 57 Dixon, William, farmer and dairyman. Lone Rock, Richland. Fellenz, John, carpenter and builder, Milwaukee, Milwaukee. Felt, Eugene K. farmer, Beloit, Rock. Ferriii, Samuel A. physician and surgeon, Montfort, Grant. Fowler Henry, farmer, Milwaukee, Milwaukee. Graham, Alexander, lawyer, Janesville, Rock. Grimmer, Thomas D. lumberman, Oshkosh, Winnebago. Gorman, Michael, farmer, Northport, Waupaca. Gurnee, John D. lawyer, Madison, Dane. Hixon, Gideon C. lumberman, La Crosse, La Cros3e. Hobart, Adin P. merchant, Oak Creek, Milwaukee. Horn, Frederick W. lawyer, Cedarburg, Ozaukee. Hoskins, William L. merchant, Lake Mills, Jefferson. Hubbell, Richard W. lawyer, Oconto, Oconto. Jenkins, John J. lawyer, Chippewa Falls, Chippewa. Lamoreux, Oliver H. farmer, Plover, Portage. Lamoreux, Silas W. lawyer, Mayville, Dodge. Larkin, Charles H. farmer and real estate dealer, Milwaukee, Mil- waukee. Lee, Daniel, mason and builder, De Pere, Brown. Lewis, Calvin E. woolen mauufacturer, Beaver Dam, Dodge. Low, Jacob, farmer, Lowville, Columbia. Maxon, Densmore W. farmer, Cedar Creek, Washington. May, Reuben, farmer, Springville, Vernon. McNamara, Martin, farmer, Maple Grove, Manitowoc. Moore, William V. farmer, Burlington, Racine. Neeves, George A. merchant and lumber manufacturer, Grand Rapids, Wood. Nichols, Archibald, farmer, Markesan, Green Lake. Nichols, Henry F. C. lumberman, New Lisbon, Juneau. O'Rourke, Patrick H. lawyer, Cascade, Sheboygan. Patten, Azel W. flour and lumber manufacturer, Neenah, Winnebago. Pengra, Marshal H. farmer, Juda, Green. Perry, William W. farmer, Prairie du Sac, Sauk, Peterson, Casper H. M. farmer, New Holstein, Calumet. Phillips, Bradley, merchant, Eau Claire, Eau Claire. , 4 5g ASSEMBLYMEN. Powell, Oliver S. farmer, River Falls, Pierce. Putnam, George W. jr., farmer and nurseryman. Ash Ridge, Rich- kind. Rankin, Joseph, lumberman, Manitowoc, Manitowoc. Reuther, Peter, carpenter, Hika, Manitowoc. Richards, John F. physician, Tomah, Monioe. Ringle, Bartholomew, land agent, Wausau, Marathon. Robinson, Frederick, druggist and farmer, Kenosha, Kenosha. Rowe, William E. farmer and miller. Arena, Iowa. Rudd, Eli O. lumberman, Rudd's Mills, Monroe. Sackett, Hobart S. farmer, Berlin, Green Lake. Schott, George, farmer and dealer in machinery, Rubicon, Dodge. Sharp, Elijah M. merchant, Delavan, Walworth. Shaw, Major, farmer, Hmgham, Sheboygan. Smith, Archibald D. farmer, Lind, Waupaca. Smith, Winfield, lawyer, Milwaukee, Milwaukee. Solon, John, farmer, Richwood, Jefferson. Spooner, John C. lawyer, Hudson, St. Croix. Stafford, Amos W. farmer, Geneva, Walworth. Stone, Eliphalet S. farmer and sailor, Summit, Waukesha. Strachan, John, cattle and farm machinery dealer. Mineral Point, Iowa. Swain, George G. farmer, Kilbourn City, Cokmibia. Wallber, Emil, lawyer, Milwaukee, Milwaukee. Wallihan, Orlando F. carriage maker, Footville, Rock. Walters, Aaron, farmer, Foster, Fond du Lac Weeden, George W. farmer, Sheboygan, Sheboygan. Weil, Baruch S. farmer and real estate dealer, Schleisingerville, Washington. White, Samuel A. not engaged, Whitewater, Walworth. Winkler, Frederick C lawyer, Milwaukee, Milwaukee. Woelz, Christian, merchant, Green Bay, Brown. Wood, Alson, miller, Waukau, Winnebago. Wroe, William H. H. merchant, Medina, Outagamie. Yorty, Andrew J. lumberman and hardware dealer, Brandon, Fond du Lac CITY AND COUNTY OFFICERS. 59 CITY GOVERNMENT OF MILWAUKEE 187 1. Mayor, Harrison Ludington; Comptroller, Jeremiah Quin; Deputy, Max. Gerlach; Treasurer, Hans Boebel ; Deputy, George Kaupir; Attorney, E. G. Ryan; Clerk, Edward iVIahoney; Deputy, Alex, Bol- ton ; City Surveyor, Nic. Engel; Tax Coni'.i"iis5io:ier, Jeremiah Quin; Judge of Municipal Court, James A. Mallory; Clerk of Municipal Court, Charles Holzhauer ; Deputy, Charles Casper ; Sealer of Weights and Measures, Benjamin Church ; Superinten- dent of Schools, F. C. Lau. BOARD OF ALDERMEN. ist ward, Christian Ernst ; 2d ward, John Schroeder ; 3d ward Thomas McCarty ; 4th ward, S. E. Sherman; 5th ward, J. J. Hager- man ; 6th ward, Gustav Brunst ; 7th ward, Nelson Van Kirk ; 8th ward, Adam Ernst ; 9th ward, Henry Steinman. BOARD OF COUNCILORS. 1st ward, Isaac Van Schaick, Henry Smith, Jr. ; 2d ward, Pius Dreher, Henry Miller ; 3d ward, Michael Deiany, Timothy O'Brien ; 4th ward, A. W. Phelps, H. H. West, 5th ward, Joseph Deuster, Samuel Kuenzli ; 6th ward, Fred. Gottschalk, C. Grau ; 7th ward, D. G. Rogers, O. J. Hale ; 8th ward, J. A. Hinsey, J. W. Dunlop ; 9th ward, John Kilb, John Jobse. Chief of Police, William Beck ; Lieutenants William Kendrick, Thomas Shaughnessy. FIRE DEPARTMENT. Chief, Henry Lippert ; Assistant, Henry Middleton. COUNTY ORGANIZATION. Judge of Circuit Court, 1). W. Small; Clerk of the Circuit Couit, James Hickcox ; Judge of County Court, A. C. May; Clerk of the j50 CHURCHES.- County Court, James Hickcox ; County Treasurer, Wm. Kennedy ; Register of Deeds, F. C. Best ; Attorney, C K. Martin ; Sheriff, W. G. Parsons ; Physicians, Juhus Kasten, J. M. Allen, Meinrad Risch, F. R. Day ; Superintendent of the Poor, Byron Abert ; Assistant, P. Kelly ; County Surveyor, G. K. Gregory; Coroner, C. Osthel- der; Inspector of the House of Correction, D. Kennedy, Deputy, Henry Orff ; Clerk of the Board of Supervisors, John Saar, Deputy, F. W Cutler ; Crier, John Mitchell. UNITED STATES OFFICERS. United States Circuit Court, Eastern District, Judge, Hon. Thos. Drumniond; District Judge, Hon. Andrew Miller, District Attorney, Devi Hubbell ; Clerk, Edward Kurtz ; Marshal, Charles S. Hamil- ton ; Commissioners, Frances Bloodgood, John M. Miller, Edward Kurtz ; Postmaster, S. C. West. CHURCHES IN MILWAUKEE. " Union Baptist, Rev. George M. Stone, Pastor; German Baptist ; Sycamore Baptist, Rev. J. T. Sunderland, Pastor. Brethren, 387 Milwaukee Street. Cathohc. — Rev. John Martin Henni, Bishop of the Diocese of Mil- waukee ; St. John,s Cathedral, Very Rev. M. Kundig, Pvev. P. Dona- hue Rev. J. Buckly, pastors ; St. Mary's Church, Rev. L. Batz, pastor ; St. Gall's Church, Rev. S. P. Lalumiere, Rev. Benedict Massehs, S. J., pastors ; Holy Trinity Church, Rev. L. Conrad, pastor ; St. John's de Nepomuck, Rev. John M. Gaertner, rector and Sclavonian Missionary, Rev. Aloysius Heller, pastor; St. Peter's Church, Rev. Martin V. Kundig, rector; St. Stanislaus, (Polish); Chapel of St. Mary's Convent, Rev. Francis X. Krautbauer, chap- lain ; St. Joseph's Church, Rev. Joseph Holzhaucr, pastor. Christadelpians, (Brethren in Christ,) 466 Milwaukee Street. Congregational. — Hanover street church. Rev. Wilder Smith, pastor ; Olivet church, Rev. John Allison, pastor; Plymouth church, CHURCHES. 61 Rev. J. L. Dudley, pastor; Spring street church, Tabernacle church, (Welsh) Rev. J. Cadwalader, pastor ; German congregational church, Rev. Louis Von Rague, pastor. Dutch Reformed church, Adrain Zwieraer, pastor. Episcopal. — Right Rev. WiUiam E. Armitage, D. D., Bishop of Wisconsin. Christ church. Rev. H. B. Burgess, D. D., rector ; St. John's church. Rev. David Keene, D. D., rector ; St. James' church, Rev. Nathan H. Chamberlain, rector ; St. Paul's church, Rev. Wil- liam B. Ashley, D. D., rector; All Saints church, Rev. W. N. Beers, rector. Evangelical Association. — Evangehcal Trinity church, William Geyer, pastor; Salem church, F. J. Schirmayer, pastor; Zion's church, August Huelster, pastor. German Reformed church. Hebrew. — Bne Jeshurun, Temple of the Congregation, Rev. Ehas Eppstein rabbi. Reform Congregational Emanuel. Lutheran. — Emanuel church. Rev. George Reinsch, pastor ; Grace church, Theodore Jaekel, pastor ; St. John's church, Rev. John Bading, pastor ; St. Mathew's church. Rev. Adolph H^eneck, pastor ; St. Peter's church, Rev. William Damman, pastor; St, Paul's church, John A. Grabau, pastor; Trinity church, Rev. F. Lochner, pastor ; Evangelical Lutheran (Norwegian,) Scott ; Norwegian Luth- eran, Rev. O. J. Hatlestad, pastor. Methodist Episcopal. — Rev. C. D. Pillsbury, presiding elder. Summerfield church, Wm. P. Stowe, pastor; Asbury church, W. W. Case, pastor ; Spring Street church, W. G. Miller, pastor ; Bay View church, John Hill, pastor; German church. Rev. JohnSchnell, pastor; German church, Rev. Jacob Bletsch, pastor ; Scandinavian church, African church, Rev. M. Patterson, pastor. Welsh Calvinistic Methodist, Rev. H. P. Hovvels, pastor. Presbyterian. — Lnmanuel church; Second Holland church. Rev. B. Van Der Las, pastor ; First Holland church. Rev. Jacob Post, pastor ; Calvary church, Rev. Edwin Graham, pastor. Swedenborgian. — Church of the New Jerusalem. Unitarian. — Church of the Redeemer. Universalis t. — First UniversaHst church. 62 COUNTY OFFICERS. Monasteries. — St. Francis (Capuchin,) Ivo Prass, superior. Convents. — Convent de Notre Dame. COUNTY OFFICERS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES OF THE STATE OF WISCONSIN. COUNTY JUDGES. A. S. Spencer, Friendship, Adams county; John W. Bell, La Pointe, Ashland county; Francis Finley, Barron, Barron county; John Banfill, Bayfield, Bayfield county ; David Agry, Green Bay, Brown county ; Ferdinand Felter, Alma, Buffalo county ; Magnus Nelson, Grantsburg, Burnett county; Charles Greening, Chilton, Calumet county; William R. Hoyt, Chippewa Falls, Chippewa county ; Robert J. MacBride, Neillsville, Clark county ; Joshua J. Guppey, Portage, Columbia county ; Ira B. Brunson, Prairie du Chien, Crawford county; George E. Bryant, Madison, Dane county; A. Scott Sloan, Juneau, Dodge county; R. M. AVright, Sturgeon Bay, Door county ; Thomas Clark, Superior, Douglas county ; P. C. Holmes, Menomonee, Dunn county ; George C. Teall, Eau Claire, Eau Claire county ; Jay Mayham, Fond du Lac, Fond du Lac county ; William McGonigal, Lancaster, Grant county; Brooks Dunwiddie, Monroe, Green county ; Abram H. Myers, Dartford, Green Lake county ; Robert Wilson, Dodgeville, Iowa county ; P. A. Gatchell, Black River Falls, Jackson county; Ira W. Bird, Jeffer- son, Jefterson county; Charles H. Grote, Mauston, Juneau county; Isaac W. Webster, Kenosha, Kenosha county ; Charles Tisch, Kewaunee, Kewaunee county; Benj. F. Bryant, La Crosse, La Crosse county; P. A. Orton, jr., Darlington, La Fayette county; W. W. Waldo, Manitowoc, Manitowoc county ; Barth. Ringle, Wau- sau, Marathon ; S. R. Rood, Montello, Marquette county; Alpha C. May, Milwaukee, Milwaukee county; T. D. Steele, Sparta, Monroe county ; R. W. Hubbell, Oconto, Oconto county ; Samuel Ryan, jr., Appleton, Outagamie county ; A. Heidkamp, Port Wash- ington, Ozaukee county; S. L. Plummer, Durand, Pepin county; P. D. Pierce, Ellsworth, Pierce county; Robert Kent, Osceola, Polk county ; J. R. Kingsbury, Stevens Point, Portage county ; El- bert O. Hand, Racine, Racine county; H. W. Fries, Richland Cen- COUNTY OFFICERS 63 ter, Richland county; A. P. Prichard, Janesville, Rock county; John S. Moffat, Hudson, St. Croix county ; C. C. Remington, Bara- boo, Sauk county ; H. Klostermann, Shawano, Shawano county; Edward Gihnan, Sheboygan, Sheboygan county ; Seth W. Button, Galesville, Trempeleau county ; Wni. S. Purdy, Viroqua, Vernon county; Peter Colder, Elkhorn, Walworth county; John Shelley, West Bend, Washington county ; P. H. Carney, Waukesha, Wau- kesha county ; C. S. Ogden, Waupaca, Waupaca county ; David L. Bunn, Wautoma, Waushara county ; George Gary, Oshkosh, Winnebago county ; J. D. Witter, Grand Rapids, Wood county. REGISTERS. C. A. Capron, Adams county; Jno. W. Bell, Ashland county; A- Merc, Barron county ; J. D. Cruttenden, Bayfield county ; G. W. Watson, Brown county ; N. Phillippi, Buffalo county ; W. H. Peck, Burnett county ; Arthur Connelly, Calumet county ; Fred. C. Dahl, Chippewa county; W. T. Hutchinson, Clark county; Thomas Yule, Columbia county ; Jas. M. Callaway, Crawford county ; John H. Clark, Dane county; Wm. CEstriech, Dodge county; Joseph Har- ris, jr.. Door county; D. G. Morrison, Douglas county; John Kelly, jr., Dunn county; S. C Putnam, Eau Claire county; J. L. D. Eycleshimer, Fond du Lac county ; James Woodhouse, Grant coun- ty ; Samuel Lewis, Green county ; H. D. Lowe, Green Lake coun- ty; Richard Dunstan, Iowa county; Frank H. Allen, Jackson county ; Henry Colonius, Jefferson county ; T. J. Hinton, Juneau county ; D. B. Benedict, Kenosha county ; Fred. Johannes, Kewau- nee county ; L. Wachenheimer, La Crosse county ; T. C. L. Mac- kay. La Fayette county; John Franz, Manitowoc county; John Patzer, Marathon county; John Barry, Marquette county; Fred. C. Best, Milwaukee county ; Josiah M. Tarr, Monroe county ; Huff Jones, Oconto county ; A. Brouillard, Outagamie county; Auo-ust Mayer, Ozaukee county; A. R. Humphrey, Pepin county; C. W. Brown, Pierce county : Ashael Kimball, Polk county ; Wm. H. Packard, Portage county; John Bowen, Racine county; J. D. Fun- stan, Richland county ; C. W. Stark, Rock county; Geo. R. Hughes, St. Croix county ; Mair Pointon, Sauk county ; F. W. Parmenter Shawano county ; Ernst Clarenbach, Sheboygan county ; Heniy L. 6J: COUNTY OFFICERS. Bun n, Trempeleau county ; H, N. Preus, Vernon county ; Charles A. Noyes, Walworth county ; Francis A. N-oU. Washington county ; J ohn E. Sebold, Waukesha county; Ole R. Oleson, Waupaca, county; D. S. Williams, Waushara, county; Robert McCurdy, Winnebago county; L. Kromer, Wood county. SHERIFFS. David N. Bacon, Adams county ; John Morrison, Ashland county; Nelson Boutin, Bayfield county ; Geo. A. Langton, Brown county; H. P. Farrington, Bufialo county ; Perry D. Hickman, Burnett county ; Henry Siegrist, Calumet county ; Michael Hall, Chippewa county ; F. D. Lindsay, Clark county ; Phidelus Pool, Columbia county; H. H. Whaley, Crawford county ; Andrew Sexton* Dane county ; Aenry Bertram, Dodge county ; Peter J. Simon, Door county; Lars Leeroat, Douglas county; E. L. Doolittle, Dunn county ; D. C. Whipple, Eau Claire county ; Peter Rupp, Fond du Lac county; W^m. E. Sloat, Grant county ;, Alfred Wood, Green county ; ' F. W, Cooke, Green Lake county ; James Ryan, Iowa county ; Robert J. Balls, Jackson county; E. Schwellenback, Jefter son county ; G. R. Nichols, Juneau county , John Lucas, Kenosha county; John Wrabbitz; Kewaunee county; John S. Simonton, La Crosse county ; R. H. Williams, La Fayette county ; Albert Witten- burg, Manitowoc county ; AVm. Hamrick, Marathon county ; John Stimson, Marquette county ; Wm. G. Parsons, Milwaukee county ; L. Johnson, Monroe county ; P. W. Gerkie, Oconto county ; A. B. Everts, Outagamie county ; Peter Buchholtz, Ozaukee county ; S. P. Crosby, Pepin county ; E. Burnett, Pierce county ; Moses H. Peaslee, Polk county; A. R. Gray, Portage county; F. P. Lawrence, Racine county ; W. C. S. Barron, Richland county ; R. T. Pember, Rock county; C. C. McCabe, St. Croix county; Benj. G. Paddock, Sauk county ; John M. Robinson, Shawano county ; Wilber M. Root, Sheboygan county ; D. ^V. Wade, Trempealeau county ; Nathan Coe, Vernon county ; Charles G. Fay, Walworth county ; Geo. L. Arnet, Washington county ; John Graham, Waukesha county; John Gordinier, Waupaca county ; F. B. Coggswell, Wau- shara county; Josiah Woodworth, Winnebago county; H. H. Compton, Wood county. OF Wisconsin. 65 DISTRICT ATTOKNEYS. S. W. Pierce, Adams county ; Van B. Bromley, Brown county ; Edward Lees, Buffalo county ; 0. M. Mathison, Bur- nett county ; J. E. McMullen, Calumet county ; A. K. Gregg, Chippewa county ; I. B. Pope, Clark county ; Emmons Tay- lor, Columbia county ; 0. B. Thomas, Crawford county ; J. C. McKinney, Dane county ; Charles Allen, Dodge county ; G. W. Allen, Door county ; Hiram Hayes, Douglas county ; Robert McAuley, Dunn county ; Texas Angel, Eau Claire county ; Geo. P. Knowles, Fond du Lac county ; Geo. Clem- entson, Grant county ; A. S. Douglass, Green county ; Thos. C. Ryan, Green Lake county ; J. M. Smith, Iowa county ; C. R. Johnson, Jackson county ; M. B. Williams, Jefferson county ; John Turner, Juneau county ; Myron A. Baker, Ke- nosha county ; J. R. McDonald, Kewaunee county ; G. M. "Woodward, La Crosse county ; Joseph H. Clary, La Fayette county; E. B. Treat, Manitowoc county ; M. H. Barnum, Marathon county ; W. H. Peters, Marquette county ; C. K. Martin, Milwaukee county ; J. M. Morrow, Monroe county ; John B. Fairchild, Oconto county ; H. Pierce, Outagamie coun- ty ; Harvey G. Turner, Ozaukee county ; H. E. Houghton, Pepin county ; Geo. C. Hough, Pierce county ; Samuel Thomp- son, Polk county ; 0. H. Lamorcux, Portage county ; J. T. Fish, Racine county ; 0. F. Black, Richland county ; Pliny Norcross, Rock county ; L- P. Wetherby, St. Croix county ; H. J. Huntington, Sauk county ; D. P. Andrews, Shawano county ; Conrad Krez, Sheboygan county ; J. E. Robinson, Trempeleau county ; C. M. Butt, Vernon county ; A. D. Thomas, Walworth county ; Geo. H. Kleffler, Washington county ; Alexander Cook, Waukesha county ; J. Wakefield, Waupaca county ; L. L. Soule, Waushara county ; A. A. Aus- tin, Winnebago county ; C. 0. Baker, Wood county. CLERKS OF CIRCUIT COURT. David Schofield, Adams county ; Joseph Reid, Ashland county ; P. W. Smith, Bayfield county ; J. B. A. Masse, Brown; F. Hohmann, Buffalo county ; C. Olson, Burnett county ; J. 66 Industrial Resources. ' P. Hume. Calumet ; J. . Hall, Chippewa county ; E. H. Markey, Clark county ; S. M. Smith, Columbia county ; Jas. M. Camp- bell, Crawford county ; L. T>. Frost, Dane county ; JohnLowth, Dodge county ; Henry Harris, Door county ; James Bardon, Douglass county; John Kelley, Jr., Dunn county; Martin Daniels, Eau Claire county ; Morris McKenna, Fond du Lac county ; David Schreiner, Grant county ; Wm. W. Wright, Green county ; A. P. Cannan, Green Lake county ; C. Kess- ler, Iowa county ; W. S. Darrow, Jackson county ; P. N. Waterbury, Jefferson county ; C. W. Fosbinder, Juneau coun- ty ; L. B. Nichols, Kenosha county ; J. E. Darbeley, Kewau- nee county ; Chris. Koenig, La Crosse county ; W. H. Arm- strong, La Fayette county ; A. Pienning, Manitowoc county ; J. W. Chubbuck, Marathon county ; John Maxwell, Marquette county ; James Hickox, Milwaukee county ; Jacob Rood, Mon- roe county ; Joseph Hall, Oconto county ; Daniel Clune, Outa- gamie county ; Hugo Boclo, Ozaukee county ; Alex. G. Coffin, Pepin county ; C. W. Brown, Pierce county ; A. Kimball, Polk; Wm. H. Packard, Portage county ; Chas. S. Chipraan, Racine county ; James Lewis, Richland county ; A. W. Baldwin, Rock county ; S. 0. Simmbe, St Croix county ; Phillip Cheek, Jr., Sauk county ; August Koeppen, Shawano county ; Alex. Edwards, Sheboygan county ; C. E. Perkins, Trempealeau county; P. J. Layne, Vernon county; J. T. AVentworth, Walworth county ; Jas. Kenealey, Jr., Washington county ; Wm. R. Williams, Waukesha county ; Chas. Churchill, Wau- paca county; William Jeffers, Waushara county ; H. B. Har- shaw, Winnebago county ; F. W. Burt, Wood county. COUNTY CLERKS. A. C. Holm, Adams county, Joseph Reil, Ashland county ; Orville Bray ton, Barron county ; F. La Bonte, Bayfield coun- ty ; W. J. Meade, Brown county ; John W. De Groff, Buffalo county ; Andrew Ahlstrum, Burnett county ; Theo. Ker- sten, Calumet county ; Levi Martin, Chippewa 'county ; R. Dewhurst, Clark county ; 0. A. Southmayd, Columbia; Chas. Kahler, Crawford county ; H. Borchsenius Dane county ; County Officers. 67 James Higgins, Dodge count j ; C. A. Masse, Door county ; Richard Relf, Douglass county ; Sam'l Black, Dunn county ; Martin Daniels, Eau Claire county ; W. H. F. Smith, Fond du Lac ; J. M. Altizer, Grant county ; J. J. Tschudy, Green county ; 0. F, Silver, Green Lake county ; Orville Strong, Iowa county ; W. S. Darrow, Jackson county ; Peter C. Kel- ly, Jefferson ; C. F. Cutler, Juneau county ; E. G. Timms, Kenosha county ; R. L. Wing, Kewaunee county ; P. S. Ehvell, La Crosse county ; Lars E. Johnson, La Fayette county ; H. S. Pierpont, Manitowoc county ; Jacob Paff, Marathon county ; C. H. Pierce ; Marquette county ; John Saar, Milwaukee county ; S. D. Hollister, Monroe county ; Robert Ellis, Oconto county ; W. H. Lamphear, Outagamie county ; Joseph Albrecht, Ozaukee county ; L. D. Baker, Pepin county ; H. B. War- ner, Pierce county ; William J. Vincent, Polk county ; J. B. Carpenter, Portage county ; E. F. Gottschald, Racine county ; W, H. Pier, Richland county ; E. L. Carpenter, Rock county ; Harvey S. Clapp, St. Croix county ; Anton Fischer, Sauk county ; Marion Wescott, Shawano county ; Carl Zillier, She- boygan county ; A. R. Wyman, Trempeleau county ; J. R. Casson, Vernon county ; M. E. Dewing, Walworth county ; G. Ott, Washington county ; John C. Schuett, Waukesha county ; William D. Carr, Waupaca county ; Geo. Sexton, Waushara county ; 0. F. Chase, Winnebago county ; L. P. Powers, Wood County ; COUNTY TKEASURERS. H. H. Phillips, Adams county ; Geo. A. Stahl, Ashland county ; M. W. Heller, Barron county ; Andrew Tate, Bay- field county ; F. Van Strallen, Brown county ; A. Rockwell, Buffalo county ; C. Anderson, Burnett c(>unty ; Matthias Hil- gers, Calumet county ; A, R. Barrows, Chippewa county ; S. C. Boardman, Clark county ; M. T. Alverson, Columbia coun- ty ; Aaron Denio,. Crawford county; Francis B. Ames, Dane county ; E. C. McFetridge, Dodge county ; Joseph Colignon, Door county ; Thompson Ritchie, Douglass county ; Carroll Lucas, Dunn county ; B. J. Churchill, Eau Claire county ; Edward Beeson, Fond du Lac county ; A. R. McCartney, •68 Industrial Resources Grant county ; F. R. Melvin, Green county ; C. A. Millard, Green Lake county ; Francis Vivian, Iowa county ; 0. 0'- Hearne, Jackson county ; W. A. Greene, Jefferson county ; N. Fisk, Juneau county ; Hugh McDermot, Kenosha county ; Joseph Kinpfer, Kewaunee county ; F. Fleischer, La Crosse county ; L. B. Waddington, La Fayette county ; Querin Ewen, Manitowoc county ; C. Hoetlinger, Marathon county ; Mark Derham, Marquette county ; Wm. Kenedy, Milwaukee county ; Eli Waste, Monroe county ; R. L. Hall, Oconto county ; N. Weiland, Outagamie county ; Wra. H. Landolt, Ozaukee coun- ty ; Thales Burke, Pepin county ; M. J. Paine, Pierce coun- ty ; William Amery, Polk county ; Wm. Alberti, Portage county ; L. D. Coombs, Racine county ; Wra. H. Joslin, Rich- land county ; B. F, Cary, Rock county ; Merton Herrick, St. Croix county ; R. M. Strong, Sauk county ; M. H. McCord, Shawano county ; Wm. Schwarz, Sheboygan county ; Doug- las Arnold, Trempeleau connty ; J. W.. Allen, Vernon county ; D. L. Fairchild, Walworth county ; Albert Semler, Washing- ton county ; E. Beaumont, Waukesha county ; C. M. Fenton, Waupaca county; J. B. Mitchell, Waushara county; R. D. Torrey, Winnebago county ; E. Dutruit, Wood county. CCfllONERS. A. J. Hill, Adams county; T. W. Hickok, Barron county; B. G. Armstrong, Hayfield county ; Dan. C. Brown, Brown county ; Bar'y McDonough, Buffalo county ; John Banville, Burnett county ; Wm. Mahoney, Calumet county ; E. F. Mar- tin, Chippewa county ; D. L. Safford, Clark county ; Z. J. D. Swift, Columbia county ; Horace Beach, Crawford county ; P. R. Tierney, Dane county ; Daniel Breyer, Dodge county ; Wm. Darling, Door county ; L. F. Wheelock, Douglass county ; J. P. Woods, Dunn county ; G. A. Buffington, Eau Claire; S. B. Taylor, Fond du Lac county ; Charles Dickey, Grant county ; John Hattery, Green county ; Clark S. Walker, Green Lake county ; Charles Hope, Iowa county ; John Bishop, Jack- son county ; A. Boyington, Jefferson county ; Joseph Hewitt, Juneau county ; A. B. Truesdell, Kenosha county ; J. Pater- County Officers. 69 itzueg, Kewaunee county ; D. S. Eakins, La Crosse county ; John C. Rood, La Fayette county ; Francis Simon, Manitowoc county ; James Barnard, Marathon county ; Samuel Crockett, Marquette county ; Charles Osthelder, Milwaukee county ; Da- vid Bon, Monroe county ; Charles Bentz, Oconto county; G. H. Marston, Outagamie county ; Mathias Adam, Ozaukee coun- ty ; Erastus Reed, Pepin county ; Geo. W. Cairns, Pierce county, Samuel Emery, Polk coi^nty ; Geo. McMulkin, Portage county ; J. Loomis, Racine county ; H. Collins, Richland county ; John E. Young, Rock county ; H. M. Murdock, St. Croix county ; A. West, Sauk county ; August Conder, Sha- wano county ; James Berry, Sheboygan county ; C. C. Crane, Trempeleau County; H. D. Williams, Vernon county; A. G. Leland, Walworth county ; Chas. F. Haas, Washington county ; Leonard Martin, Waukesha county ; Norman Baker, Waupaca county ; Philip Miller, Waushara county ; C. R. Hamlin, Winnebago county ; D. W. Compton, Wood county. SURVEYORS. J. Williams, Adams county ; Orville Brayton, Barron coun- ty ; John V. Suydam, Brown county ; John Beusch, Buffalo county ; H. W. Sundler, Burnett county ; Herman Geyso, Calumet county ; D. W. Cambell, Chippewa county ; G. C. Harriman, Clark county ; F. A. Brown, Columbia county ; J. R. Hurlburt, Crawford county ; S. W. Graves, Dane county ; Judson Prentice, Dodge county ; J. C. Pinney, Door county ; Thos. Clark, Douglass county ; C. M. Bonnell, Dunn county ; H. C. Putnam, Eau ( laire county ; Jacob Haessley, Fond du Lac county ; Geo. McFall, Grant county; A. L. Cleveland, Co., Broadhead ; Hough- ton, & Berger, Burlington; Bank of Boscobel, Boscobel; Bank of Columbus, Columbus; Seymour's Bank, Chippewa Falls; Doty & Judge, Darlington ; Spaiford ct Clark, Eau Claire ; R. A. Bak- er, Fond du Lac ; Ebart & Perry, Fond du Lac ; E. D. Rich- ardson, Geneva ; Bank of Geneva, Geneva ; R. C. Worthing- ton. Grand Rapids ; J. D. Witters, Grand Rapids ; Bank of Kilbourn, Kilbourn City ; Ryland & Hollowey, Lancaster ; Bank of Mauston, Mansion ; J. li. Rosencrantz, Mansion ; J. Suhr, Madison ; Sherman &- Weeks, Madison ; T. C. Shove, Manitowoc ; J. D. Cowdry palt thick enough to be of any service, so that the price of the machine may be sav- ed in the waste pieces sawn up by it. This machine will also cut heads for barrels, making nearly double the amount of any other machine in the market. Mr. White, one of the members of this firm, invented this machine, and it may be taken as a fair sample of the mechanical skill guiding the operations of the Union Works. dicey's patent edger is also manufactured in this establishment. A series of circular saws, revolving between groved iron rollers and readily adjust able to any width by means of a screw, is a most simple and ef- fective device for makino; the edges of lumber straight and parallel. This machine bears high testimonials from Messrs. Meyer, Merryman A: Co., McDonald, Moore, Galloway tV Baker, of Fond du Lac, and from Manistee, Michigan, and other lumbering places. carver's double-acting force pump, secured by a number of patents for improvements, the last dat- ing in 1870, judging by testimonials, is one of the most effi- cient, simple and durable Double-Acting Force Pumps ever in- vented. Adapted for use in any well, working perfectly in 108 Biography. drilled wells of an}^ depth and so easily that a child may oper- ate it, it must come into universal use. It also does not freeze, and is readily taken apart and fixed. When furnished with a hose, it is a valuable protection against fire, not only in sprink- ling sheds, yards, shavings, &c., against the possibility of dan- ger, but for staying the flames in actual progress. The double- hralce fire pump ^ intended for the use of hotels^ mills, factories, and as fire engines for villages and towns; is of small cost, handy and most effective. Smaller sizes of these pumps are made for farms, kitchens and stables. Messrs. Hiner &. Co. make large quantities of these pumps, sending them throughout all the Northwest, even to the Territories. They are used on many railroads, and are undoubtedly all that is claimed for them. They also make the manufacture of Perkins' Saw Gummer a specialty, and they are agents for Judson's well-known gover- nors and valves. Mill irons and gearing of every description are turned out \\ith neatness and despatch. We saw one of their gang-saws in operation. A huge pine log, with slabs sawed off so that it was square, was rolled in front of a series of long, thin saws, rapidly moving up and down. In about the time consumed in writing this, some twenty- level, straight boards came out. We could hardly help think- ing that, by and by, they will so perfect machinery that, putting logs in at one end of a mill, a house will come out at the other. The Union Works have patterns for all kinds of wheels, and can manufacture a variety of engines. Their facilities for re- pairing are perfect, and all under the direction of Mr. White, a most thorough mechanic. Persons passing through Fond du Lac should not omit visit- ing this home of the steam engine. They will find a fine sample of the unparalleled vigor of the West amid the clanking ham- mers and flying wheels of this extensive foundry, pouring out its molten streams of iron, curling up its dark volumes of smoke, and alive with crowds of workmen, where the echoes of the red man's lodges and the forest song have but just died away. Biography. 109 The members of this enterprising firm are both men of great practical ability and experience, and are worthy of the eminent success that has thus far crowned their honest efforts. The principal partner of the company, Hon. W. H. Hiner, is at pre- sent a leading and influential member of our State Senate, has served the city as Mayor, and has held other important offices. Mr. Hiner is no ordinary man. In his intercourse with the world, he is honorable and upright; as a neighbor, he is accom- modating and obliging; as a citizen he is ready to advocate any measure calculated to promote the general welfare of the people, and oppose all attempts at corruption and public fraud. WILLIAM HUNT, ARTIST, was born at Brighton, Sussex, England, in the year 1825. At the age of sixteen he was sent to London, and placed under the instruction of Richard Hill, an artist and gentleman of high standing in that city, for five years, during which time, having the good fortune to be acquainted with one of the. greatest of England's Historical Painters, Mr. Hilton, Royal Academiti- cian, who had presented him with the academy ticket, which en- titled him to a free admission to all the lectures at the Royal Academy, which to him was of the greatest service, as afford- ing him an opportunity of drawing from good specimens, as well as from the life, and all the advantages within its walls. Hav- ing become master of the pencil, he went back to his native town, where he practised his profession with great success as a Portrait Painter, having the honor of painting many of the nobility and gentry then visit ng that beautiful Avatering place, among whom are the followino; : O (HO Thomas, Earl of Macclesfield. The EaH of Cardigan. Lord Blaney. Lord Lake. Lord Burgos. . Dowager Lady Musgrave. The Honorable A. Arthur Cole. General Sir Arthur Clifton, K. C. B. 110 BlOCRAPHY. Rowland Uni, Postmaster General. Lieutenant Waghorn, the projector of the Suez Canal. Alderman Johnson, of the City of London. Captain Fletcher of the Life Guards, London, &c. Having, during his practice at Brighton, painted a great many groups ot children and others, who resided in the East Lidies, the artist concluded to visit that country professionally, stopping at the Cape of Good Hope on his way, and having en- joyed a pleasant and profitable trip he returned to England, Avell pleased with the Eastern world, arriving in the Downs, off Dover, December 24, 1846, in one of Green's East Lidia ships — the Tartar, after an unusual passage of ten weeks from the Cape. He arrived in London well laden with tiger and panther skins, besides ostrich feathers and highly polished bul- locks' horns, for which the Cape colony has been long celebrat- ed. Having spent some time in London, after his return, he was, like Tom Pinch, spoken of by Charles Dickens, he cried for more, tha"- is — traveling. So he thought of America, to which country he steered his course in September, 1848, and landed in New York. Having spent some time in New York and travelling east and south, he now finds himself in the North- west, with Avhich he is well pleased. He arrived in Milwaukee on the 1st of January, 1871, where he has met with the most distinf^uished patronage; so much so as to induce him to make it his future residence. xVinong the first orders Mr. Hunt receiv- ed, as an artist, was a special one from the Right Reverend William E. Armitage, the present Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin, to paint a life-size portrait, full length, of the late venerable jlnd universally beloved Bishop— Jackson Kemper. This portrait was painted for the purpose of gracing the walls of Kemper Hall, Kenosha, \Vh. This piocure is a masterpiece of art, portraying, in true and vivid coloring, the venerable fact-, on Avhich were marked unmistakeable evidences of the many good qualities of heart tluit distinguished the life of the lon^-to-be-remembered Bishop Kempe]'. In all ages and in all civilized countries, the fine arts have invariably received the attention and consideration to which ihey are entitled. What can convey to the mind more pleasure than to look at a- Biography. HI friend or relative long after he had been reduced to dust and ashes. It is not natural to cut away the ties of love and friendship the moment after our friend or relative has been covered in his grave. Natural instinct forbids it. The great look with pleasure at a well painted landscape, representing the stately mansions, high walled gardens, and well shaded walks of their ancestors. The lower classes, too, view Avith equal pleasure a landscape containing the likeness of the humble cottage and ill fenced little garden with which they were familiar in by-gone days. Hence it is evident that, in a new country especially, a first class portrait painter is a treasure. The testimony borne to Mr. Hunt's character as an artist, by many of the first among the nobility and gen- try of England, is a sufficient guarantee that he is a perfect master of his art. In this connection it may not be irrele- vant to state that the biographer is familiar with the names of most of the distinguished persons on Mr. Hunt's list of patrons, and was once personally acquainted with many of them. Mr. W. Hunt has been presented with the Silver Medal and a sum of money, as the first Premium for the first best Portrait in Oil, at the Milwaukee State Fair just ended. REV. SAMUEL WILDE COGGESHALL, D. D. Moses, certainly, was no Darwinian. He never subscribed to the absurd creed, Avhich may be thus succinctly expressed : " Millions of ii^^es, mice grew into rats ; Millions of ages, si-als frie;l down to sprats : All 1 black bears, dil>l)liug in the sea, ior play, L ipseil into whales, ami grandly sw^ln"l away.'' It was left for a much later generation than his to accept of such sublime nonsense as a scientific creed. Most, certainly, this first of prophets, historians, legislators, poets and emanci- pators, did not believe that he was descended from a monkey, baboon, ourang-oatang, or even a gorilla; for the book of Gene- si>! is simply a history of his illustrious ancestry, in which he 112 Biography. traces his pedigree up to Adam, through the line of Enoch and Seth. It is simply a family history. But in what a sad pre- dicament the world would be, without this family of history, a man, born a slave, and doomed to destruction, from which he was only rescued by an extraordinary Providence — that good Providence which always attends man, destined to confer great benefits upon the race. The very best form into which history could be put, would be the form in which Moses has put his five books — the form of family history. This is the best way in which to tell the world's story. The worlds history is but t\\2 aoro-reo:ation of the history of individuals and of families. Its necessary voluminousness is the only objection to it. These remarks are preliminary to the statement of the fact, that Dr. Coggeshall is descended from John Coggeshall, who, with his wife and three children came to Boston in the ship Lyon, Capt. William Pierce, Sept. 16th, 1632. This famous old Puritan ship was one of the fleet of 1630, and subsequently brought Roger Williams, and the family of Gov. Winthrop, and now, on this, her last voyage, she brought this ancestor of the Coggeshall family, into the United States, and also others who subsequently became famous in the history of the colonies. John Coggeshall was descended from Sir Thomas de Cog- geshall, who lived about the latter part of the reign of King Stephen, grandson of the Conqueror, 1154. He derives his patronymic from the time of Coggeshall, on the Blackwater, county Essex, built by King Stephen, 1142, near which was Cobham Hall, the family seat. Members of the family fought with Richard Coeur de Lion, with Saladin and his Sarascenic hosts on the plains of Palestine, as is attested by the armorial bearings of the family; also in the wars of the Roses, ij finally ended at the battle of Bosworth and the final accession of Henry VII., 1485, as also in the wars of the Scottish borders, under the Plantagenets and Tudors, and which finally terminated with the accession of James VI. of Scothind, as James I. of England, 1603. The same martial spirit of the family broke out in our war of the Revolution, and also in the late war of the Rebellion. Biography. 113 John Co2;2;eshall was a member and deacon of the first church in Boston, under Colton and Wilson, on the records of which his name may be still seen; he was a member of the first board of selectmen of Boston; he headed the list of deputies of the first General Court, that of May 14, 1634; he was a friend and confidant of Sir Harry Vane; was associated with Win- throp and others in the government, till the famous General Court of November 2, 1637, which met at Cambridge — Bos- ton was too hot a place for it — being of the Hutchinson party, which was then defeated, he, with many other leading men of the colony, was deposed from office, and then disarmed and disfranchised; and finally, Caddington himself, and sixteen other prominent and influential men, purchased Aquedneck, now Rhode Island, of the Narragansett Sachems, and removed thither in March, 1638, and founded the city of Newport, pre- sently the richest in all the colonies; and, in connection with Roger Williams, who Avas in Providence two years before, they established religious freedom on this continent, now its ruling idea, and soon to be that of the civilized world. He was elected first President of the Colony, under the charter of 1644, and died in office Nov. 27, 1647, and was buried on his estate, on what is now Coggeshall Avenue, in the city of New- port, where a granite obelisk marks his resting place, while many of his descendents lie around him. He is frequently mentioned in all the colonial records and histories of his time, in the two colonizes which he assisted in forming His decend- ants are numerous, especially in Rhode Island, and vet in repute. The subject of this sketch was born in Lynn, Mass., Feb. 18, 1811. His mother was Rebecca Bullfinch of Boston, a name long ?nd well known in the New England metropolis, and where a street perpetuates the family name. He was born and educated a Methodist, to which communion, then everywhere spoken against, his mother belonged. At the session of the New England Annual Conference, which met in the city of Providence, Juno 7, 1832, he was admitted a pro- bationer, being recommended from the Bumfield Street Church, Boston, of which he was a member. Of the eleven men then 8 114 BlOCRAPHY. admitted, he is the only efficient man left, after a service of forty years. Ilis first appointment ■was on the old Need- ham Circuit, Avith that holy man, the Rev. Abraham D. Mer- rill, who also still survives. At the division of the Conference, in 1840, he was put into the southern portion of it, and which from its chief city, was called Providence. It embraces the territory stretching along the southern shore of New England, from the end of Cape Cod to the Connecticut River. As he has occupied sta- tions in all this territory, from Provincetown to the Banks of the Connecticut, so his footprints may be traced through all this territory. He was a member of the General Conference, which met in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1856. In 1863, upon the re- commendation of the Bench of Bishops and of some distin- guished friends in New York, unknown to, and unsolicited by him, he was made a Doctor of Divinity by the Wesleyan Uni- versity at Deleware, Ohio. The recommendation which brought it, as it came from a higher source, he esteems even of more value than the learned title itself. The Doctor is a respectable preacher; but being over fond of books and a most voracious reader, perhaps he has not de- voted that amount of time and labor to pulpit preparation, which he ought and might have done. But when a special sub- ject and a special occasion, with an intelligent and appreciative audience calls him out, he treats his subject so broadly, com- prehensively and exhaustively, as sometimes "to hold his audi- ence for an hour and an hour and a half without lack of inte- rest, and to make a life-long impression. His discourses, usu- ally suggested by his text, are not soon forgotten. He is also a good platform speaker and able debater. His vast and varied reading, his intimate acquaintance with both books and men, his long and accurate observation, his experi- ence of forty yeers in ■ the itinerancy, with a great poAver of anal^'sis and a most retentive and unfailing memory; furnishes him with an amount of fact and illustration, which enables him to pursue his subject in all its ramifications, and to leave but little for an opponent to say. To this add an unfailing and in- vincible courage which dares to utter all its convictions, and you Biography. 115 have some idea of the man. At the Conference, which met in NeAV Bedford, in 1860, he spoke for two and a half hours on the slavery question, and held his vast audience to the last. But, though a respectable preacher, his great forte is his comprehensive knowledge of history. His library, perhaps, contains the largest number of valuable works upon this sub- ject of any private collection in the State; and he knows what they contain. He will sit for hours, and pour out a continued stream of facts and events, with names and dates, and quota- tions from authors, without even rising to refer; his powerful memory serving as an index. But his specialty is Methodist history, in which, perhaps, he has but two equals in all the land, viz.: Drs. Stevens and Wakeley of New York ; and he precedes them in the time of his investigations. When he commenced his researches on this subject, there were not ten respectable sources of information in the whole range of American Methodist literature. Now this class of Avorks constitutes a respectable library, and increas- ing; and, yet, he has never published a book on his favorite theme. But his historical articles, published in Zion's Herald of Boston, in the Christian Advocate and Journal and the Methodist of New York, in the Ladies' Repository in Cincin- nati, and especially in the Methodist Quarterly Review, would fill volumes. One of the latter, in the number for October, 18-55, Avas republished in London. The Doctor is now sixty-one years of age, with hair and beard as white as the driven snow, while his countenance, redo- lent with robust health, has all the freshness of youth, and his step the firmness, elasticity and agility of a man of thirty. He has been in the State but two years, but has already made his mark. He has been stationed at Sheboygan, a small, poor and feeble charge, where he has freely spent time, labor and money, in what some have thought a most unpromising field; but which, under his culture, already begins to bud and blossom and to yield fruit. He is a most unselfish and un- w^orldly man, most fully believing in the second, as well as the first great commandment of the laAv, " Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself;" and to whom the injunction of the earnest IK) Biography. Baptist is to be literally reduced to practice, " He that hath two coats, let him <2;ive to him who hath none ; and he that hath meat let him do likewise." Like the Pentecostal con- verts, he never " says that ought of the things which he pos- sesses is his own," but every human brother comes in for a share. lie seems yet to promise many long years of valuable and efficient service. "May his shadow never be less, and may he live a thousand years." The reverend gentleman at the head of this sketc-h, deserves more than a passing notice. So interesting a person is not met every day in this western country, where the dollar is worshipped more than books of ancient lore or modern useful- ness; where it is considered that time is thrown away which is spent in reading the works of Socrates and Plato, the wisest philosophers of Greece; the elements of Euclid, which teach us to reason accurately; the works of Newton, who dis- covered the laws of attraction and gravity, and invented the science of fluxions, which enabled him to advance a step in the rio-ht direction in the investiojation of the mechanism of the heavens; and which, by a further improvement in the calcu- lations, enables us to establish the stability of the universe ; and the Avorks of a thousand others, any one of whom has done more to promote the welfare of a nation and improve the condition of the human family than could be effected by all the busy speculators (smart men) of America in a century. The biographer has met with no one in this country who has a more intimate and extensive knowledge of the ancient and modern history of Europe than Doctor Coggeshall. The Doc- tor is also acquainted with heraldry, and has one of his rooms adorned with a number of shields, similar to those formerly worn in battle to protect the body. The coats of arms of dis- tinguished families were generally painted on the shield or escutcheon. lOGRAPHY. 117 CHARLES H. BENTON, The subject ol* this sketch, is the fifth son of Daniel S. Benton, and was born in New York city, Dec. 31st, 1840. Financial reverses soon after overtakin«r his father, Avho was entailed in mercantile pursuits in New York, he made up his mind to "go West," and accordingly moved to Wisconsin, with his fjxmily, in 1843, and settled near Geneva, Walworth County. This was in advance of railroads, and the entire journey was per- formed with horses and wagon, consuming nearly three months in making the trip. Here Charles lived until fourteen years of age, attending school most of the time, whence he came to Fond du Lac, and lived Avith an elder brother. Soon after coming here, he entered the old "Fountain City Herald" office to learn the printing trade. At this trade he worked at such times as could be found before and after school hours, sufficient to keep himself at school almost continuously up to the time of the breaking out of the Rebellion in 1860. Leaving the school room, at the first call of his country "to arms," he was the first man to enlist in Co. K, 1st Regiment Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers, as a private soldier. He successively rose from private, corporal, sergeant, quartermaster-sergeant, 2d lieuten- ant, 1st lieutenant, regimental quartermaster and brigade quartermaster. During this period of service, he participated in the battles of Perryville or Chaplain Hill, Stone River, Chickamaugua, Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Ken- nesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, and all the battles about Atlanta, which culminated in its capture. The time of the en- listment of his regiment (three years) being noAv completed, he returned home for the first time during his entire service. He soon thereafter purchased an interest in the Fond du Lac Com- monwealth^ and became one of its most active ::nd successful editors. After six months editorial duty, an excellent busi- ness engagement being offered at Chattanooga, Tenn., he ac- cepted. He remained here nearly three years, being engaged in the Storage and Commission business most of the time. Here he was quite successful in business and otherwise; for, during 118 BlOCRAPHY. his residence in Chattanooga, he was married to one of Wiscon- sin's fail est daughters, Miss Frances E. Amory, of Fond du Lac. In the summer of 1869 he returned to Fond du Lac, and at once entered into active commercial life. He is now (1872) at the head of one of the largest Hardware houses in northern Wisconsin, and one jf the rising young men in his section of the State. Mr. Benton, although a self-made man, comes from one of the very best English families, who took up their residence in America in colonial times. An uncle. Rev. Joseph A. Benton, has been pastor of the First Congregational Church at Sacra- mento, California, for several years, and is now President of the Stare University of California. Another uncle, Hon. John Benton, has been member of the State Legislature of Califor- nia, and editor of one of the leading newspapers of the State. The past career ol the subject of our sketch is one of much in- terest, and his future one of great promise. His career is afair illustration of what intelligence, energy, pluck and perseverance can do for a young man in this young and growing common- wealth of Wisconsin. REV. A. C. BARRY, 1). D. The subject of this sketch Avas born in Walton, Delaware County, N. Y., July 1st, 1815. He was educated under the tutorship of his father, a professional teacher; completing a scientific course, however, in Dr. Elias Sedgwick's private seminary. In 1834 he commenced the study of theology, and was ordained a minister of the Universalist Church in 1836. From this year until 1846, he was pastor successively of parishes in Gaines, Homer, and Fort Plain, N. Y"., and in Richmond, Va. In the latter year he removed to Racine, in this State, and took charge of a new parish in that (then) beautiful village. Until a short time ago it seemed to be his destiny to remain its life-long pastor. Like the good Methodist lady, who said she had been " a member of the Methodist church off and on for twenty, years," so Dr. B. has been pastor of that parish for more than two decades. He is now located in the city of Fond Biography. Ill* du Lac, where lie is building up a new parish, and is also city Superintendent of Schools. No minister is more widely known in this State than Rev. Dr. Barry. For three years he held the office of Superintend- ent of Public Instruction, and always has shown himself the ardent friend of general education. During the war of the re- bellion he served as chaplain, first in the Fourth and afterwards in the Nineteenth Regiment Wis. Volunteers, and Avon for him- self a most excellent name in the army. Mrs. Mary A. Livermore, of Boston, speaks of Dr. B. as follows : "Mr. Barry has always enjoyed great popularity as a preacher and speaker. His manner is dignified and graceful, his voice full and musical, and his sentences flow rounded and complete, fi silver stream to the close. lie is very uniform in his pulpit efforts, though there are subjects and occasions which arouse him to the most impassioned eloquence, when he holds his au- dience opell-bound, as in a trance. "Mr. Barry is a man of versatile acquirements. He is well versed in the natural sciences, and enjoys the acquaintance of some of the most eminent naturalists of the country. He is, however, a man of no pretensions, and is as unsophisticated and simple hearted as a child. He is incapable of finesse or dupli- city, and is so honest and transparent himself that it would not be difficult to impose upon him. He possesses great purity of character — is too regardless of pecuniary considerations for his •own welfare; and is endowed Avith an amount of amiability that renders him incapable of harshness or severity, even Avhen it is called for. In person he is tall, exceedingly slender, and slightly moulded. The form of his face and head is somewhat Shakesperian, and his countenance is ordinarily grave and seri- ous. But the moment he gives you his hand, a smile of sur- passing sweetness baptises his face, Avhicli is then very pleasant to look upon. He is a man of few words, except among friends, and by these he is loved most fervently. Mr. Barry's health, of late years, has been quite infirm. He, with his Avife, Avas among the victims of the National Hotel poisoning, in Wash- ington, some years ago. And as he is past fifty years of age, 120 Biography. worn down Avitli labor, there is no probability that the Doctor will wholly recuperate from the terrible sickness of that myste- rious occasion." HON. EPHRIAM C. GOFF, Was born in Ogdensburgh, St. Lawrence County, Ncav York, 9th Sept. 1825; removed to Canton, New York, in 1827, Avhere he resided till 1855. In 1849 he was appointed Postmaster at Canton, by General Taylor; removed to Appleton, Wisconsin, in 1855, where he was engaged in the mercantile business till 1858; was elected member of the City Council in 1857, and was since elected Supervisor. From 1865 to 1869 he was acting as land agent for the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad Com- pany; has been and still is Real Estate Agent, and is OAvner of a large amount of lands in northern Wisconsin. He was elect- ed Mayor of the City of Appleton in April, 1872, and is now Vice-president and Director of First National Bank at Apple- ton. Mr. Goff makes a first rate mayor, and discharges the duti">s of bank director with si'eat credit. HON. PRENTISS ROUNDS. The subject of the following sketch Avas born in Bridgeton, Cumberland County, Maine, August 15th, 1827; received a common school education; is by occupation a grain dealer. He came to Wisconsin in 1845, and settled at Milton, Rock County; removed to Menasha in 1849: has been a member of the Village Board, and Village and Town Assessor six or eight years; was appointed by Governor Fairchild, under his last election, a member of the committee to visit the charitable and benevolent institutions of the State. Mr. Rounds was elected to the Assembly in 1869, and re-elected in 1870, receiving 997 votes against 591 for J. L. Doton, Democrat. While Mr. Rounds was a member of the village board and village assessor, he proved himself to be a Avatchful guardian of the peoples' rights, and Avhilc in the legislative asscmbl}', he advocated every measure calculated to promote the welfare of the State, tnicl opposed every measure leading to corruption or evil doing. Biography. 121 EDWARD II. JONES, OF FOND DU LAC, The subject of this sketch was born in the city of New York, April 14, 1828, and was the second son of the late Col. William Jones, for many years Colonel of the celebrated Seventh Regi- ment of that city, and also SheriiF from 1844 to 1847. Edward H. was educated in that city and at Saybrook, Conn., his father's native place. He was for one year a law student with David Graham, Junr., of New York, the well known criminal lawyer, and author of Graham's Practice. Disliking law studies, he became a clerk in a large shipping house on South street, where he remained four years, when he removed to Mil- waukee in July, 1848, in company with Edwin D. Baker, with whom, as clerk and partner, he remained until April, 1853, when he removed to Delafield, Waukesha County, and pur- chased the business formerly owned by Andrew Proudfit, now of Madison. He was married in that year to Miss Emily L. Baker, of Fond du Lac, a sister of Robert A. Baker, the Banker of that city. In January, 1855, he removed to Fond du Lac, and purchased the business of the late firm of Baker &- Brother, grocers and general dealers, where he has since resid- ed, and is still engaged in the business, but on a more extended scale. In 1856 he was joined by his brother, George W. Jones, of New York City, and in 1865 by another brother, Frederick A., of Monmouth County, New Jersey; and the business is now conducted under the name and style of E. H. Jones &. Brothers. They are extensively engaged in the seed and agricultural implement business, in addition to a large wholesale trade in teas, tobacco, butter, cheese and produce with towns on Lake Superior and the shores of Green Bay, and also in the states and territories Avest, as far as Colorada and Utah; and, in 1863, this firm commenced the publication of the Northern Farmer, an agricultural paper, as an outgrowth of their seed and imple- ment trade, and continued its publication five years, principally under the editorial management of Edward H. The paper was afterwards disposed oflF, and was subsequently merged into the Western Farmer, of Madison. 122 B I O t; R A P H V . In 1857 Edward II. Avas elected a uiember of the Vestry of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and has been re-elected annually up to the present time. In 1871 he was elected Junior War- den, and re-elected this year, 1872, In politics he is a staunch Republican, and attended, as dele- gate, the first convention of that party held in this State, in 1851, at Hartland in Waukesha County; but he is not a politi- cian, and never sought an office or held one, except that of Al- derman in 18"*>. GEORGE II. MYERS, APPLETON, WIS., Was born in Middletown, Delaware County, New York, Octo- ber 24th, 1824. Removed to Erie County, Pennsylvania, with his father, in the fall of 1828, where he remained until the fall of 1849. Was raised on a farm, and educated at the Aca- demies at AVaterford and Erie, Erie County, Pa. Studied law Avith lion. John II. Galbearth, at Erie, Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the bar at that place, at the May term, 1841*. Settled in Appleton, Wisconsin, in October, 1849; and was the first lawyer that settled in the County. On the organization of the County, in 1852, was elected District Attorney, and held the office one term; was again elected District Attorney, and held the office one term. VYas elected County Judge in 1861, and held the office until the Spring of 1865. Was then appointed Adjutant of 50th Wisconsin Volunteers, when he re- signed the office of County Judge, and entered the military ser- vice. Was appeiuted Postmaster of Appleton in 1869; re-ap- pointed in 1872, and still holds the office. HON. EDWARD N. POSTER. The subject of this sketch was born in the State of Massa- chusetts on the 9th day of July, 1810. At the age of one year he moved with his parents to Oneida County, State of New York, where he was engaged in various kinds of employments, such as farming, milling, lumbering, etc., till 1886, when, having been married, he moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In the B I o a K A p H i . 1 2/< winter of 1836 and 37, he with his family settled at Fort Atkin- son, Jefferson County, Wisconsin, which was then under the le- gal jurisdiction of jMichigan. Wisconsin, however, w^as soon organized into a territory, under whose laws, Alvin Foster, the brother of Edward N. Foster, was appointed Sheriff and Ed- ward N. deputy sheriff, being the first appointments in the County of Jefferson. Subsequently the people got the right to elect officers to such places. At the first election, under the new organization, the subject of this sketch was elected Sheriff of the counties of Jefferson and Dodge, which were then joined for judicial purposes. Having lived in Jefferson County for a term of years, Mr. Foster moved to Mayville, Dodge County, where he engaged in the business of milling. While a resident at Mayville, he served two terms in the State Legislature, and discharged such other duties as were consigned to him. Not content with Mayville, he soon changed his residence and set- tled at Fond du Lac, where he now resides. Mayor Foster has been extensively engaged in manufacturing linseed and rape oil since he came to Fond du Lac, and has discharged all the duties required of him with credit to himself and benefit to the community. Mr. Foster is serving his second term as Mayor of the enter- prising city of Fond du Lac. FRANZ FRITZ Was born in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, in 1820; was educated in the same place; was the second eldest of twelve in the family; learned the trade of ropemaker, which was his father's trade. After he learned his trade, he got employed in his grandfather's oil manufactory. Having heard so much of American institu- tions and freedom, he resolved to quit his own country with whose institutions he was dissatisfied, and emigrated to Ame- rica in 1848, and settled at St. Louis, \vhere he obtained em- ployment immediately on his arrival, in a rope factory. Having worked in different factories in St. Louis for three years, he was appointed foreman in the extensive rope manufacturing de- partment of the State Prison at Alton, Illinois, under the gene- 124 B I O C R A P H Y . ral manaf^ement of Hon. Samuel 11. Buckmaster. After a service of three years as foreman in the prison, he came to Fond (111 Lac, where he commenced the grocery and general produce business, -which he now carries on, wholesale and retail, on a large scale. The subject of this sketch commenced business in this city on a small scale, but by close attention, industrious habits and strict integrity he gradually built up a considerable trade, and is now considered wealthy, enjoying the confidence of all who deal with him. CAPTAIN SIMON O'KANE. He was born in the County Kerry, Ireland, in the year 1842. Immigrated to American in 1852, and settled in the State of Massachusetts; came west to Wisconsin in 1S(J1, where, at the breaking out of the war, he entered the ITtli Wisconsin Infantry, passing with Gen's Grant, Rosencrans and Sherman through all the principal battles of the southwest, including the siege and battles of Corinth in 18(52; the central Mississippi campaign in 1862; the siege and battles of Vicksburgh in 1863; the siege and battles of Atlanta in 1864; Sherman's march to the sea in 1864; the campaigns through the Carolinas in 1865, and fall of Richmond, ending with the grand review at Washington and close of the war, when he returned west, and engaged in mercan- tile pursuits in the city of Fond du Lac. Entered the service as a private .soldier; was promoted to 2d Lieutenant in 1803, and 1st Lieutenant and Captain in 1864. Capt. O'Kane is represented by those who had an opportu- )iity of knowing, as a good and gallant officer, and is now en- gaged in the liquor trade in the city of Fond du Lac. WILLIAM TROAVBRIDGE Was born lu the city of Worcester, Massachusetts, October 16th, 1790. He worked on a farm, and in a flour and saw mill alternately, until sixteen years old, attending school at intervals in the summer and durinir the winter terms. Biography. 125 At the age of sixteen he commenced to "woi-k at black- smithing and Avhitesmithing, at which trades he worked until he was of age, making scythes, hoes, clothiers' shears, and wool-carding machines. At this time he, in connection Avith his father, brother and brother-in-law, built a cotton factory in a village called Trowbridge - ville, and carried it on during and after the war of 1812. He removed to Tompkins County, N. Y., about 1830, and start- ed a Cutlery factory, and afcer remaining in this business six years, he removed to Sheboygan County, where he still re- sides upon a farm about two miles from the village of Sheboy- gan Falls. Deacon Trowbridge has for many years been a con- sistent and upright Christian — a member of the Baptist Church — and, probably, preached the first sermon listened to in She- boygan County. He has preached upward of 250 funeral ser- mons. He was County Commissioner and Justice of the Peace for several years, and is universally respected for the purity of his character as well as for his sound judgment. S. L. HART, MENASHA, WIS., Was born in Chenango County, N. Y., April, 1830. In 1834 moved to Cuyahoga County, Ohio. In 1848 moved to Osh- kosh, and in November, of same year, to Menasha, where he carried on the Gunsmith business from 1853 to 1861. In 1861 was mustered into the 10th Wisconsin Infantry as 2d Lieuten- ant, Company C. In June of 1862 was detailed as assistant U. S. signal officer, and attached to the 4th division, Gen. Wm. Nelson, commanding; was one of the first two officers in Buel's army to cross the Tennesee River at the battle of Pittsburgh Landing; was at the siege of Corinth, Miss., and with the divi- sion until the army reached Lousville in September, 1862; Avas discharged on account of physical disability. Returned to Me- nasha and engaged the next Spring, 1868, in manufacturing hub, spoke, stave and wood-working machinery generally. In June, 1863, raised a Company, and was mustered into Colonel Goodwin's 41st Wisconsin Infantry, as Captain. Served out the time and returned to Menasha; continued the machinery 12G ' Bio(;raphy. business until 1867; moved to Chicago, carried on a shop for one and a half years, and returned to ^Nlenasha. Took first prem- ium on Guns, at Wisconsin State Fair; also, two first premiums on Machinery, at Mechanics' Fair in Chicago. Have shipped machinery to almost all of the middle, and some of the eastern and southern States, California and Canada; have taken out several patents. Now employ from sixteen to twenty men, and business constantly increasing. Have greatly improved almost all kinds of hub and spoke machinery, &.c. EXTRACT FROM THE "HISTORY OF MY TIME." It may appear, that some of these extracts are foreign to the subjects proposed to be treated in my present publication. But being unable to relate many incidents in the history of my own life without stating the facts which had led to them, I have been obliged to introduce what may appear irrelevant, in order to illustrate the brief sketches of my own life, introduced into my work from time to time. I am not aware that any family in Ireland ever had such un- limited influence or retained it so long, as the Marquis of Wat- erford's family and their connections. I knew the members of that Avhole family, and feel bound in duty to acknowledge, that I owe the memory of one of them, a well deserved tribute of praise, and that one is the late Rev, Cobb Beresford, the fath- er-in-law of the Marquis of Bath, the Earl of Erne, A Cole Hamilton, of Beltram Castle, a gentleman of large possessions,, and first cousin to the Marquis of Abercorn,* also, the father-in- law of the Rev. W. Alexander, son to a bishop of that name in Ireland. The Rev. ^Ir. Beresford diedafew years ago. He was a good man in every relation of life — a kind, affectionate husband and father — charitable to the poor of his neighbor- hood, without distinction of religious creed or political senti- ments — -always ready and willing to oblige a friend, and hospit- able beyond description. He lived in a secluded part of the county of Tyrone, distant from any town or neighborhood con- "Xow tlio I) like of Abori'oni, li;ivinc 'h'CH olovatoii to tlKit titlo siiic:^ T li'I't Ire'.-uul. Biography. 127 taining persons of his exalted rank to associate ■with. Country roads traverse the district, but no public road or high- way passing by his residence, which, perchance, might bring persons of quality to pay casual visits, as they passed by. Cut away, as this gentleman's residence was, from any public thoroughfare, traveled by men of rank, one might imagine he had but a few visitors; but it was not so. His mansion, which was large and commodious, was always full of visitors, who fared sumptuously every day. Professional business brought me to this remote district. Edward Litton,* a gentle- man well known in Great Britian and Ireland, many years Master in Chancery, bought an estate containing several thousand acres of land from Sir John Stewart, to whose niece he was married. This estate was about four miles from the residence of Mr. Beresford's house. Mr. Litton employed me to give a general plan to improve this property, by thorough drainage, planting, and making new roads, and by practising *Thc Right Hoiiorublc Kdwai-il IJttoii died u (cw niontlis iigo, lull of j c-arc, and crowucd with unfadinyr laurels. He was a first-rate lawyer, and while practicing at the bar, had as large a business as anj in the Kingdom. He acquired a large fortune as a lawyer, with what he inherited, made him the richest man practicing law to be found anywhere. He pos- sessed great legal knowledge, was very eloquent, and generally allowed to be as perfect gen- tleman, in his manner, as any in the Kingdom. He was a privy counselor, and for many years master in Chancery. He was a member of Parliament in the English House of Com- mons, where he distinguished himself more by reason of his general knowledge of Ireland, and the wisdom of most of the measures he advocated for the improvement of that fine, but unfortunate country, than by his eloquence. He was a tory in politics, and always voted arainst Catholic emancipation, which course as a legislator, could not be accounted for by anyone acquainted with his conduct towards persons of that persuasion, with whom he r;\me in contact every day of his life in the way of business. This gentleman had scarcely a single tenant on his property or a single person in his employment but a Roman Catholic, and it is a well known fact that no one connected with him in any of the above relations ever went to the poor house. During the j-earsof famine in Ireland, he scarcely collected a shill- ing of rent, but on the contrary, contributed largely from his privatepurse to purchase food liir those who had no means to procure it themselves. Having taken the burden of his own people on himself, a bill w-as passed in the House of I'ommons, making every place in which he had a property an electoral division, by which he had not to contribute tothe support ot the poor living on surrounding properties belonging to others. This was but common justice. This was the only bill of the kind passed, for any landlord in England, Scotland or Ireland, which is a sufficient, proof of Mr. Litton's uoodness as a landlord. I published his letter to me on this subject in the Milwatikee J\'ews over twentj' years ago, when this bill was passed, relieving him from contributing to the support of the poor living on other gentlemen's estates. The following is a copy of a printed circular sent round to the tenants of Mr. Litton, whenever I went to Altmore : •' To my Tenants at Altmore, Mt Dear Tenants : — I have appointed John Gregory, Esq., the eminent Civil Engineer and Agriculturcst to instruct you to drain, fence and plant your farms in the best manner, and as you are a good tenantry, I shall do everything in my power to improve your condition and enable you'to raise and educate your families. For this purpose, I shall defray half ot the expense of all tlic improvements you make in the waj- of draining, fencing, and planting to the directions of Mr. Gregory. Mr. Daniel Shields will inspect the work, which must be done in ^uch a manner as to satisfy liim. I hope you will give the strictest attention to the instruction of Mr. Gregory, who will do every thing best calculated to improTe your farms and enable you to pay your rents, and have something to save for your lamilies. ! remain. My DearTenants, your well wi.-