@ 
 
OldandNew St. LOUIS: 
 
 k CONCISE HISTORY OF THE METROPOLIS OF THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST, 
 
 WITH A REVIEW OF ITS PRESENT CREATNESS AND 
 
 IMMEDIATE PROSPECTS, 
 
 J K7VY ES COX, 
 
 hft/iiV 0/ '-.St. Louis 77invt_i;/i II Cn/iu'm." '-The Carnival City of the Uor/,t." "Missoi-ii at t/ir 
 World's Fair." "(htr (ken Country." C-^c. 
 
 BIOCRAPHICHL HPPENDIX. 
 
 COMPIl.HlJ BY THr 
 
 ENTRAL BIOGRAl^HICAL PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 ST. LOriS, I.S94: 
 CHNTRAl. BKXiRAPHICAl. PUBI.ISHINC . CO., 
 
 THE SUNDAY MIRROR. 
 

 \^'- 
 
 Press of ^^ — m^ 
 
 CONTINENTAL PRINTING CO., 
 
 :;!:; North Third Street. 
 
 »-^ST. LOUIS. 
 
 f} '1 ^' -^ 
 
^ PUBLISHERS' NOTICE. 
 
 ^ ..^^^ 
 
 THE PUBLICATION of "Old and New St. Louis" has been delayed far beyond 
 the wishes of the publishers by the immense amount of work wliicli had to 
 be d(^ne, not onl\- in securin.y; data concerning the li\-es and achie\'ements of 
 prominent men in tlie city, but also in having the necessarx' steel plates made. A large 
 number of gentlemen who C(Uild not possibK' he excluded from a work of this character 
 ha\e been absent from the city, and neither photographs nor biographical data could be 
 obtained until they returned. The completeness of the work and the unprecedented 
 and uniform excellence of the plates is ample justification for the delay. 
 
 The introductory and historical chapters hax'e been in print for upwards of a year, 
 and since the\- were written a number of events hax'e taken place which have greatly 
 affected the citx's standing and its prospects. The financial depression of 1893 has 
 been succeeded by a period of healthy reaction. No city in the United States with- 
 stood the panic in such a th(M'oughl\' satisfactory manner as St. Louis, which has the 
 proud record of no bank failure for a period ()f nearly nine \-ears. St. Louis generall_\- 
 is in a much better condition tinancially and commercialK- than it was when the earlier 
 chapters of this work were prepared, and it now stands before the world a model of 
 financial strength and of conser\-ati\e progressiveness. 
 
 The largest Union Railroad Station in the world, described in Chapter V., was com- 
 pleted during tlie summer of 1894 and opened with befitting ceremonies at the com- 
 mencement of the fall festi\-ities season. In every respect the depot has pro\-ed to be 
 superior to expectation, and the words of praise written in anticipation of the completion 
 of the work seem feeble and inadequate in \iew of the magnificent realization. 
 
 The Planters Hotel, also described as in course of construction, was completed 
 shortly after the New Union Station and was opened to the public immediatelw Like 
 the magnificent structure fourteen blocks farther west, the Planters Hotel— referred to 
 in this work as the New Planters House, its exact title not having been determined 
 ui^on until a recent date — far exceeds expectation. It is declared by experts to be one 
 of the tinest hotels in the world, and in man\- most important respects it is absolutely 
 
IV /V -n/JSI/J-KS- X( > TICK. 
 
 unsurpassed and indeed unapproached. In the Biographical Appendix a record will be 
 found of the lives of some of the men who have given to St. Louis this noble hostelry, 
 and more particularh' should credit be gi\-en to Mr. Isaac S. Taylor. This accomplished 
 architect not onl\' conceiwd the unique plan upon which the hotel is constructed, but 
 also superintended the wi^rk in every detail, preparing special designs on every possible 
 opportunity and earning the praise and commendation, not only of the owners of the 
 hotel, but also of the public generally and of the traveling fraternity. 
 
 The Autumnal Festi\-ities Association, whose work is described in Chapter VII., 
 having completed its program, went out of existence on October 9, 1894, to be suc- 
 ceeded by the Business Men's League, another organization which is justly entitled to 
 be included in the list of "aids to progress."" The Veiled Prophet made his annual 
 \-isit in October, preceded a few days by King Hotu. who, with his Funny Fellows, 
 gave the hrst of a series of annual daylight parades. The city's record as a convention 
 gathering place has been more than maintained, and tlie Trans-Mississippi Convention, 
 held at the Exposition Building in November, bn)ught to the city representatix'e men 
 from all the Western States. 
 
 Another e\-ent of importance to St. Louis, not referred to at length in the historical 
 chapters for obvious reasons, was the launching of the Steamship St. Louis at Philadel- 
 phia on No\-ember 12, 1894. This magnificent steamship, the largest e\-er constructed 
 in America, will carry the American flag between the United States and Europe. As 
 soon as work commenced on this vessel, the Bureau of Information of the Autumnal 
 Festivities Association entered into communication with Mr. Griscom. president of the 
 International Na\-igation Company, and suggested to him that the ship be named 
 "St. Louis," in honor of the great metropolis of tlie West and Southwest. The sugges- 
 tion was favorably entertained, and subsequently a meeting was called at the mayor's 
 office which resulted in a committee being appointed to xisit Philadelphia. On their 
 arrival at the City of Brotherly Lo\-e the committee found that the request already made 
 to President Griscom had been complied with. It accordingly pledged the city to make 
 a suitable presentation to the ship in recognition of the courtesy extended. A large 
 party of St. Louisans went to Philadelphia to be present at the launching, and when the 
 great ship commenced to glide gracefull\- into the water, Mrs. Cle\'eland broke a bottle 
 of St. Louis champagne upon it and christened it in due form. 
 
 During 1894 a practical test has been made of the new water-works, which come 
 up to every expectation. The street car equipment of the cit_\- has also been \-astly 
 
Pr/i/JSHJiKS' NOTICK. V 
 
 impri)\-ed. The table nf mileLUj;e given on page 77 does not now represent tlie actual 
 mileage (^f St. Louis street railways. Thus the Union Depot system, which is credited 
 with tifty-ti\-e miles of track, has now seventy-six miles. The most important addition 
 to its serxice has been the Grand Avenue division, the work on which is now nearly 
 complete, and which will pro\'ide a most important north and south road. The Lindell 
 company has increased its mileage from forty-one to tlfty-tlve miles. The most impor- 
 tant addition to its serxice has been the Compton Heights division, with a total mileage 
 of eleven. This line connects the Eads Bridge and the new Union Station with a dis- 
 trict in the southwest wliich is \'ery thickly populated. The Baden Railway Company- 
 has ceased to exist, and the old horse-car line has been replaced b\' a double-track 
 electric road, operated b\' the owners (^f the Broadway cable. The total mileage of track 
 in the city is now 208, with forty-ti\-e additional miles authorized and about to be con- 
 structed. At the present time the percentage of cable to electric road is as one and 
 eight. This percentage will be still further decreased by the substitution of electricit\- 
 for cable power on the Citizen's road, or Franklin Avenue cable, as it is more generalK' 
 called, the change being now nearly complete. 
 St. Louis, December, 1894. 
 
 c 
 

Table of content s. 
 
 CHAPTER I . vxr.E. 
 
 Oi.i) vSt. Loris: Kroni tlie Koundino; of tlie Tradiu"; Post in 17(U to the Adoption of the 
 
 City Scheme and Charter in lf<7(), - - - Jt 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 Xkw St. Lori.s: Some of the Influences which Brouo;ht About tlie City's vSecond Hirth. — 
 
 A Succession of Triumphs, ....-.---- 2(i 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 Ma.\1'K.\CTURK.s: a Brief vSummary of the Immense Importance of the Manufacturinij 
 
 Interests of New St. Louis, .---....--- -Jl 
 
 CHAPTER I V. 
 Tr.\de .\xu Commerce: St. Louis Territory and the Way in which Its Orders for Merchan- 
 dise are Executed, ------------ 4.") 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Rah.ro.-M) and River Facilities: The Best Railroad Center in the United vStates. — The 
 Largest City on the Largest River in the World. — The Largest Railroad Station in 
 the World, --------------.").•; 
 
 CHAPTER \" I . 
 Rai'II) Tran.sit and It.s Influences: Early Struggles of Omnibus and Street Car Com- 
 panies. — The Introduction of Cable and Electric Power. — The Effect on Improvement.s 
 and Values, ------- 7(1 
 
 CHAPTER \' I 1 . 
 Some Aid.s to Progress: The \'eiled Prophet, Autuumal P'estivities Association, Illumi- 
 nations, Exposition and Fair. — Conventions. — Commercial Organizations, - - Tii 
 
 CHAPTER \' I I I . 
 P'lNWN'CE .\XD B.AXKiXG: Xew St. Louis an Important F'inancial Center. — Bank Clearings. — 
 
 Trust Companies and Building Associations, --...-- ,s;i 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 BiiLDixG Improvements: One Hundred Miles of Street Frontage Built L^pon in Three 
 Years. — History of the Fire-Proof Ofifice-Building Era. — Investments and Improve- 
 ments and Their Influence upon Values, . - . - . . . ;)4 
 
 CHAPTER X . 
 MrxiciPAL Development: The Xew Water-Works. — X'ew City Hall. — Xew St. Louis, 
 
 the Pioneer in Street vSprinkliug and Electric Lighting, ----- lO.i 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 Social Advaxtages: A Clean Bill of Health and Its Causes. — Educational Facilities. — 
 Art. — Libraries. — Churches. — Music. — Theaters. — Clubs. — Hotels. — Bench and Bar. 
 — Medical. — ^Journalism, ----------- H.') 
 
 Biographical .Appendix, ------------ i;'>l 
 
 General Index, - . . . 569 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 OLD ST. LOUIS. 
 
 FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE TRADING POST IN 1764, TO THE ADOPTION OF THE CITY 
 SCHEME AND CHARTER IN 1S76. 
 
 HP: TRADTXa POST from which has 
 o;ro\vii tlie fifth lar,y;est city in the 
 United States was established in 17ii4, 
 in which year Augnste Chouteau, with 
 about thirty followers, landed at the 
 foot of what is now known as Walnut 
 street. The founders of the city erected a few 
 log cabins on the ground subsequently occupied 
 1)y Barnum's Hotel, and here they were joined 
 by Pierre Liguest Laclede (or Pierre Laclede 
 Liguest, as he seems to have signed his name), 
 by whose directions the settlement had been 
 made. Authorities differ concerning the origin 
 of the name by which the city has been known 
 from the first. The theory generally accepted 
 to-day is that Laclede christened the settlement 
 "St. Louis" in honor of the canonized monarch 
 of France, though quite a large number of well- 
 informed writers assert that he gave it the name 
 as a mark of respect and lo)alty to Louis XV., 
 who then occupied the French throne, and whose 
 patron saint was Louis IX. In explanation of 
 this latter theory, it is argued that Laclede was 
 not aware that the territory west of the Missis- 
 sippi Ri\cr had been ceded to Spain, and that 
 he ouIn- learned of his error the following year, 
 when, to his intense grief and disgust, he 
 became acquainted with the terms of the treaty 
 of Paris of 170;;. But, however this mav 
 
 have been, the early settlers were almo.st exclu- 
 sively French; and, although the territory was 
 nominally under Spanish government, little ef- 
 fort was made to assert authority or to introduce 
 the Spanish language or customs. The history 
 of the trading post during the eighteenth cen- 
 tury has been written at length by several com- 
 petent authorities. The adventures of the hardy 
 pioneers were more thrilling than important, 
 and for the purposes of this review it is suffi- 
 cient to state that when the famous Louisiana 
 purchase was completed in the year 1803, the 
 population of St. Louis was still less than a 
 thousand, with Carondelet as a separate trading 
 post or town, with a population about one-fifth 
 that of St. Louis itself. 
 
 An excellent pen picture of St. Louis at the 
 time of its passing into the hands of the United 
 States is given by Richard Edwards in his 
 "Great West." "There was," we are told, 
 "but one baker in the town, by the name of 
 LeClerc, who baked for the garrison, and who 
 lived in Main street, between what is now 
 known as Elm and Walnut. There were three 
 blacksmiths, Delosier, who resided in IMain 
 street, near Morgan; Recontre, who lived in 
 Main, near Carr, and \'alois, who resided in 
 Main, near Elm, and did the work for the gov- 
 ernment. There was but one physician, who was 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Dr. Saugrain, who practiced many years after 
 the territory passed into the possession of the 
 American government, and who lived on Second 
 street. 
 
 " Tliere were but two little French taverns in 
 the town, one kept by Yostic, and the other by 
 Landreville, chiefly to accommodate the couriers 
 des bois (hunters) and the voyageiirs (boatmen) 
 of the Mississippi. These little taverns, visited 
 by the brave, daring and reckless men, who 
 lived three-fourths of the time remote from civ- 
 ilization, in the wild solitudes of the forests and 
 rivers, and in constant intercourse with the sav- 
 ages, were the very nurseries of legendary nar- 
 ratives, where the hunters, the trappers and the 
 boatmen, all mingling together under the genial 
 excitement of convivial influences, would relate 
 perilous adventures, hair-breadth escapes; deaths 
 of comrades and families by the tomahawk, star- 
 vation and at the fire-stake; murders by the 
 pirates of Grand Tower and Cottonwood Creek; 
 captivity in the wilderness and cave, and pro- 
 tracted sufferings in the most aigonizing forms 
 incident to humanity. There is no record of 
 these wild narratives, which could have been 
 preserved for future times, had there been an 
 historian, who, by the embalming power of 
 genius, would have preserved them in an imper- 
 ishable shape for posterity. Both of these 
 taverns stood upon the corners of Main and 
 Ivocust streets. 
 
 " The principal merchants and traders, at the 
 time of the cession to the United States, were 
 Auguste Chouteau, who resided in Main street, 
 between Market and Walnut; Pierre Chouteau, 
 who resided on the corner of Main street and 
 Washington avenue, and had the whole square 
 encircled with a stone wall — he had an orchard 
 of choice fruit, and his house and store were in 
 one building — the store being the first story, 
 and the family residence the second; Manuel Lisa 
 lived on Second street, corner of Spnice; Labbadie 
 & Sarpy; Roubidou lived at the corner of Elm 
 and Main, and Jaques Clamorgan corner of 
 Green and Main. The Debreuil family occu- 
 pied a whole square on Second street, between 
 Pine and Chestnut." 
 
 THE FIRST 
 
 The town of St. Louis was 
 
 INCORPORATION. ^'^^ incorporated on Noxem- 
 ber it, I.SO!', in accordance 
 with the provisions of an act passed the preced- 
 ing }-ear by the Legislature of the Territory of 
 Louisiana. The boundaries as then defined cor- 
 respond with present lines and names as follows: 
 On the north a line from the river, .between 
 Biddle and Ashley streets, to the vicinity of 
 Seventh and Carr, thence south to Seventh and 
 Cerre streets, and thence east to the river. The 
 population of the town on its budding into cor- 
 porate existence was 1,400, and its wealth, ac- 
 cording to the first assessment, was $134, oKi. 
 Auguste Chouteau was the heaviest tax-payer, 
 his town assessment being $15,000, independent 
 of about $G 1,000 worth of real estate which was 
 situated beyond the limits of the little town, 
 but which is now in the heart of the great cit\-. 
 There had been a great deal of land speculation 
 prior to this, and values had gone up every time 
 the tide of immigration gained strength and im- 
 petus. There were a few other wealthy men in 
 the city, as wealth went in those days, includ- 
 ing J. I>. C. Lucas, John O'Fallon, W^illiam 
 Clark, William Christy and Henry Von Phul. 
 
 After its incorporation the town of St. Louis 
 began to grow rapidly, and in the year 1822, 
 when it was advanced to the rank and dignit\' 
 of a city, its population was 5,000. The boun- 
 daries were extended in December of that year 
 as far north as Ashley street and as far south as 
 Labbadie and Convent streets, the western line 
 being on Broadway, between Ashley and Biddle 
 streets, and on Seventh, between Biddle and La1> 
 badie streets. The area of the town was thus 
 increased to 385 acres, on which there were to 
 be found about 650 houses, 419 of which were 
 frame. The taxable property had not yet reached 
 a million dollars, and the annual income from 
 taxation was a trifle less than $4,000. 
 
 Several additions were platted out during the 
 '30s, including the Lucas addition, between 
 Seventh and Ninth and Market and St. Charles 
 streets; the Soulard addition, between the river 
 and Caroudelet avenue and Park and Geyer ave- 
 nues; O'Fallon's 183(5 addition, between Sev- 
 
OLD ST. LOriS. 
 
 11 
 
 eiith and Eighth streets and Wash street and 
 Franklin avenue; Langham's addition, between 
 LaSalle and Rutger streets and Second and Fifth 
 streets; Christy's addition, between Ninth and 
 Twelfth streets and Franklin and Lucas avenues; 
 O' Fallon's 1837 addition, between Seventh and 
 Fourteenth streets and Franklin avenue and 
 Biddle street; and Soulard's second addition, be- 
 tween Carondelet avenue and Decatur street and 
 Park and Geyer avenues, including a reserved 
 square, subsequently the site of the Soulard 
 Market. 
 
 In l'So9 the city limits were again extended. 
 In the meantime the population had increased 
 rapidly and was now 16,000, with taxable prop- 
 erty assessed at $8,682,000. In 1841 the limits 
 were again increased, this time to take in a to- 
 tal area of 2,630 acres and to increase the tax- 
 able property to twelve millions. Additions 
 were laid out in large numbers during the next 
 fifteen years, including William C. Carr's third 
 addition from Eighteenth street to Jefferson 
 avenue, between Franklin avenue and Biddle 
 street. The conditions of the dedication of this 
 addition were unique. It was declared that 
 there "shall be no butchery, tallow chan(ller\-, 
 soap factor}', steam factory, tanner\-, nine-pin 
 alley, or any other offensive business or occupa- 
 tion, set up or carried on in any part of said ad- 
 dition, whereby the dwellers or any lot-owners, 
 proprietors or occupants may be in any way an- 
 noyed or disturbed." Nine-pin alleys appear 
 to ha\e been a special menace to peace and 
 quietness half a century ago, for the dedication 
 of several other additions contain specific ref- 
 erences to and restrictions against them. 
 
 In December, 1855, the city limits were again 
 extended, and most of the additions of the last 
 ten or twelve years were taken in. The south- 
 ern boundar)' was extended to Keokuk street, 
 and a line 660 feet west and north of Grand ave- 
 nue became the western and northern limits. 
 The area of the city was increased to seventeen 
 square miles, and the assessed valuation to 
 $59, (509, 289. The town of Bremen, incorporated 
 in 1815, and the town of Highland, incorporated 
 three years later, were absorbed bv the exten- 
 
 sion. The former has preserved its name and 
 individiuility to this day, but the latter is known 
 only to Iiistory and the proverbial " oldest in- 
 hal)itant. ' ' It included the five squares between 
 Jefferson and Leffingwell avenues, from Laclede 
 avenue to Eugenia street. Among the numer- 
 ous subdivisions which became portions of the 
 city in 1855, the Stoddard and Compton Hill 
 additions are the only two which have preserved 
 their identity to any extent, or whose names are 
 familiar to any except title examiners and realty 
 agents. 
 
 After another interval of fifteen years, in 
 April, 1870, the limits were again extended, 
 and Carondelet became a portion of St. Louis. 
 Our southern neighbor, which at one time had 
 been looked upon as a possible rival, had not 
 been able to keep uj) with us, though it had 
 grown into a prosperous little city, first incorpo- 
 rated in 1833, and advanced to city rank 
 eighteen years later. In 1872 the limits were 
 extended north and west so as to include Tower 
 Grove, Forest and O' Fallon Parks, but in 1871 
 the Legislature repealed the act and restored the 
 limits of 1870. 
 
 On August 22, 1.S76, the scheme and charter 
 was adopted, and the cit)' of St. Louis was sep- 
 arated from the county, it being thus made a 
 free city in local government; an advantage 
 possessed by no other city in the Mississippi 
 Valley.* The area was increased to sixty-two 
 and one-fourth square miles, and the assessed 
 value of real estate to $181,345,560. The new 
 territory made part of St. Louis included the 
 towns of Lowell, incorporated in 1849; Rock 
 Springs (1852), Cheltenham (1852), Quinette 
 (1859), Mount Olive (1854), and Cote Bril- 
 liaute (1853), as well as McRee City, Fair- 
 mount, Rose Hill, Evans Place and College 
 Hill additions. Some of these towns and ad- 
 ditions still retain their names, while others 
 have completely lost their identity, and become 
 entirely merged into the general street nomen- 
 clature. Every one has heard of, and may have 
 
 *As far as the writer has been able to ascertain, there 
 but one other town in the United States which is prac- 
 :allv a conntv as well as a citv. 
 
12 
 
 OLD AND NJ-IW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 smelt, Lowell, but comparatively few could lo- 
 cate Quinette or McRee City. Twenty years 
 hence, few, if any, of these distinctive names 
 will exist in anything but a pleasant memory. 
 
 St. Louis kept pace with 
 
 EARLY FINANCIAL 
 DIFFICULTIES. 
 
 its increase in territory. 
 
 post-office was established 
 soon after the Louisiana purchase, and Rufus 
 Easton, a lawyer and title examiner, was the 
 first postmaster. In July, 1808, Joseph Char- 
 less commenced the issue of the Missouri Gazette, 
 the first newspaper published west of the Mis- 
 sissippi. It was necessarily a very primitive 
 newspaper, but its growth has been on a par 
 with that of the city, and, as the Missouri Re- 
 publican and the St. Louis Republic, it has 
 acquired national importance and influence. In 
 LSll there were two schools, one French and 
 one English, and during that year a market was 
 erected on Centre Square, between Market and 
 Walnut streets and Main street and the river, 
 the site of the old Merchants' Exchange. In 
 1816 the first bank was incorporated, with Samuel 
 Hammond as president and John B. N. Smith, 
 cashier. Prior to this there had been little or 
 no circulating medium in St. Louis, trading be- 
 ing conducted by means of exchanges of lead 
 and skins for groceries, dry goods and other 
 merchandise. This financial institution, the 
 Bank of St. Louis, soon had a rival in the Bank 
 of Missouri, established in 1817, with Auguste 
 Chouteau as president, but neither of these banks 
 enjoyed a lengthy career of prosperity. Even 
 in those days bank officials were not proof against 
 the temptation of over-speculation. 
 
 While the inhabitants of St. Louis were wor- 
 rying over financial problems, Missouri was ad- 
 mitted to the Union, and in December, 1.S22, 
 the newly-formed State Legislature passed an 
 act incorporating St. Louis. In April of the 
 following year the first corporate officers of the 
 city were elected. Mr. William Carr Lane was 
 the first mayor of the city, and Messrs. Thomas 
 McKnight, James Kennerly, Philip Rocheblane, 
 Archibald Gamble, William H. Savage, Robert 
 Nash, James Loper, Henry Von Phul and James 
 Lackman were the first aldermen elected after 
 
 the city's final incorporation. The size and 
 importance of St. Louis at this period are 
 easily ascertained, because, in 1821, the first St. 
 Louis directory was published, and, although 
 compared with publications of to-day the book 
 appears crude and imperfect, it gives informa- 
 tion of a very valuable character, and settles a 
 great many questions which would otherwise be 
 in dispute. 
 
 From this directory it appears that in IMay, 
 1821, or about eighteen months before the in- 
 corporation, there were 651 dwelling houses in 
 St. Louis; of these, 2o2 were of brick and stone 
 and 419 were of wood, and rather more than 
 half the structures were in the northern portion 
 of the town. In addition to the dwelling houses, 
 there were, to use the words of the directory, 
 "a number of brick, stone and wooden ware- 
 houses, stables, shops and outhouses." Among 
 the buildings, the steamboat warehouse, built 
 by ViX. Josiali Bright, is described as a large 
 brick building, which would do credit to any of 
 the Eastern cities. Mention is made of "the 
 Cathedral," which, when the directory was 
 compiled, was forty feet high, with a frontage 
 of forty feet and a depth of one hundred 
 and thirty-five, and also of the elegant and 
 valuable library of Bishop Du Bourg. The 
 St. Louis College, we are told, had sixty- 
 fi\e students and several teachers. As to the 
 other educational and mercantile establishments, 
 the following extract from the directoiy tells 
 the story concisely and with evident accuracy. 
 " St. Louis likewise con- 
 tains ten common schools, 
 a brick Baptist church, forty 
 feet by sixty, built in 1818, and an Episcopal 
 church, of wood. The ]\Iethodist congregation 
 hold their meetings in the old court house and 
 the Presbyterians in the circuit court-room. In 
 St. Louis are the following mercantile, profes- 
 sional, mechanical, etc., establishments, viz.: 
 Forty-six mercantile establishments, which carry 
 on an extensive trade with the most distant parts 
 of the Republic in merchandise, produce, furs 
 and peltry; three auctioneers, who do consider- 
 able business — each pays $200 per annum to 
 
 A PEN PICTURE 
 IN 1821. 
 
OLD ST. LOU/S. 
 
 1.", 
 
 the State for a license to sell, and on all 
 personal property sold is a State dnty of 
 three per cent, on real estate one and a half 
 per cent and their commission of five per 
 cent; three weekly newspapers, viz., the Sf. 
 Louis Inquirer, Missouri Gazette and .S7. Louis 
 Register., and as many printing offices; one 
 book store; two binderies; three large inns, to- 
 gether with a number of smaller taverns and 
 boarding-houses; six livery stables; fifty-seven 
 grocers and bottlers; twenty-seven attorneys 
 andcounsellors-at-law; thirteen physicians; three 
 druggists and apothecaries; three midwives; 
 one portrait painter, who would do credit to any 
 country; five clock and watchmakers, silver- 
 smiths and jewelers; one silver plater; one en- 
 graver; one brewery, where are manufactured 
 beer, ale and porter of a quality equal to any in 
 the Western country; one tannery; three soap 
 and caudle factories; two brickyards; three 
 stonecutters; fourteen bricklaj'ers and plasterers; 
 twenty-eight carpenters; nine blacksmiths; three 
 gunsmiths; two copper and tinware manufac- 
 turers; six cabinetmakers; four coachmakers 
 and wheelwrights; three saddle and harness 
 manufacturers; seven turners and chairmakers; 
 tliree hatters; twelve tailors; thirteen boot and 
 shoe manufacturers; ten ornamental house and 
 sign painters and glaziers; one uail factory; 
 four hair-dressers and perfumers; two confec- 
 tioners and cordial distillers; four coopers, block, 
 pump and mastmakers; four bakers; one comb 
 factory; one bellman; five billiard tables, which 
 pay an annual tax of $100 each to the State 
 and the same sum to the corporation; several 
 hacks or pleasure carriages and a considerable 
 number of drays and carts; se\-eral professional 
 musicians, who play at the balls, which are very 
 frequent and well attended by the inhabitants, 
 more particularly the French, who, in general, 
 are remarkably graceful performers and much 
 attached to so rational, healthy and improving 
 an amusement; two potteries are within a few 
 miles, and there are several promising gardens 
 in and near to the town." 
 
 A great deal more information of a valuable 
 character is given. Thus, we are told that 
 
 eight streets ran parallel with the river, inter- 
 sected by twenty-three streets running east and 
 west. The streets in the lower part of the town 
 were narrow, varying from thirty-two to thirty- 
 eight and one-half feet in width, but the streets 
 on "the hill" were much wider and more hand- 
 some. On the hill in the center of the town 
 was a public square 240x;^00 feet, reserved for a 
 court-house. Mention is made of two fire en- 
 gines, with properly organized companies, one 
 in the northern and the other in the southern 
 portion of the city, in addition to which every 
 dwelling and store had to be provided with 
 good leather fire buckets. Much space is de- 
 voted to the Missouri Fur Company, whose cap- 
 ital was "supposed" at the time to amount to 
 about 870,000, the company having in its em- 
 ploy twenty-five clerks and interpreters, and 
 seventy laboring men. The Indian trade of the 
 Missouri and Mississippi Rivers amounted to 
 about $(500,000 a year; and the estimated im- 
 ports of the town to about $2,000,000. The 
 commerce by water was carried in by steam- 
 boats, barges and keel boats, and the principal 
 articles of trade were fur, peltry, lead and agri- 
 cultural products. Two miles above town, at 
 North St. Louis, there was a steam saw-mill, 
 with several common mills on neighboring 
 streams. "The roads leading from St. Lotiis," 
 the directory notice continues, "are very good, 
 and it is expected that the great national turn- 
 pike leading from Washington will strike this 
 place, as the Commissioners of the United States 
 have reported in favor of it." 
 
 The population of the town was estimated at 
 r),500 by the compiler of the directory, and the 
 alphabetical list of householders contains about 
 800 names. It is interesting to note the first 
 name on the list is " Abel, Sarah, seamstress, 
 North Fourth, above C," and the last "Young, 
 Benjamin, baker and grocer, 81 South Main 
 street." 
 
 The salary of the first mayor 
 of St. Louis, Mr. William Carr 
 
 THE CITVS 
 FIRST MAYOR. 
 
 Lane, was fixed at $;500 per 
 annum, but he applied himself most zealously 
 to the city's interest; and among the first acts 
 
14 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 of his administration were the division of the 
 city into wards, the straightening and more ac- 
 curate defining of the streets, the appointment 
 of assessors and health officers, and the grad- 
 ing and partial paving of Main street. 
 
 In 1826 an ordinance was passed authorizing 
 the building of a court-house, and in the follow- 
 ing year work was commenced on the arsenal. 
 A forward step was taken in the direction of 
 city improvements by the systematic naming 
 of the streets. At first, all the streets of St. 
 Louis bore French names. Main street, from 
 Almond to Morgan, was "La Rue Principale," 
 and Second street was "La Rue de TEglise," or 
 Church street, so called because of the first 
 church of the city being built upon it. These 
 French names had continued until 18()!», when 
 another system was adopted. Market street, 
 which was even then the dividing line between 
 north and south, was the only east and west 
 street with a distinctive name. Other streets 
 were, for the most part, distinguished by letters 
 of the alphabet. In 1827 a much better system 
 of nomenclature was adopted, and during the 
 same year ordinances were passed for raising 
 funds for the erection of a market and town- 
 house, and also for the grading and paving of 
 Chestnut and Olive streets as far west as Fourth. 
 
 In 1829, Mr. Daniel B. Page was elected 
 mayor, and much activity was manifested by 
 the municipal authorities in the way of street 
 grading and pa\'ing. Fourth street was sur- 
 veyed from Market to Lombard street, and Sev- 
 enth street was extended to the then northern 
 limits of the city. Locust street was also graded 
 and paved as far west as Fourth, and the city 
 began to put on metropolitan airs in other ways. 
 In the following j'ear a bridge was erected 
 across Mill Creek, at Fourth and Fifth streets, 
 and a large amount of enterprise in the way of 
 brick-making was manifested. As a result, the 
 priniiti\-e one-story houses of the French and 
 Spanish regime began to give place rapidly to 
 brick buildings, and the building lines were 
 much more carefully observed. 
 
 In 1831, more attention was paid to manu- 
 facturing, and the steamboat and river traffic 
 
 began to increase rapidly. The work of paving 
 and grading the streets was continued actively, 
 and the government of the city was generally 
 regarded as excellent. In 1832 the city's pro- 
 gress was checked by an attack of cholera, but 
 in the following year the temporary set-back 
 was overcome, and marked progress was made. 
 Mr. Edwards, in his "Great West," says of this 
 period: "Since the first arrival of a steamboat, 
 every year they have increased in number, and 
 at this time there was not a day but numbers of 
 steamers landed at the levee, or departed for 
 Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, and the upper and lower 
 Mississippi. There was also a line of stages for 
 Vincennes and Louisville. The time of per- 
 forming the journey by coach between St. Louis 
 and Louisville was three and a half days. There 
 was also a stage line between St. Louis and 
 Galena, via Springfield. There was, as yet, no 
 railway to destroy the impediments of distance, 
 and a journey through the interior of the West- 
 ern country, that could not be assisted by ri\-er 
 navigation, if jDcrformed in early spring, was as- 
 sociated with every idea of discomfort; the 
 horses floundering in mud-holes, and probabh- 
 not being able to extricate tiie vehicie, and then 
 the traveller had to .step out, ofttimes in the very 
 middle of the sink, which held to his legs with 
 such quicksand pertinacity that it frequenth' re- 
 quired considerable effort to disengage himself." 
 Despite these appar- 
 ent difficulties, the 
 cit}'"s growth was 
 ra])id, and much foresight was manifested by 
 the authorities. In LS.'i,'), the Commons were 
 sold and one-tenth of the proceeds was de\oted 
 to the support of public schools, the remainder 
 of the proceeds being used for city improve- 
 ments generally. Much enthusiasm was aroused 
 by the success of the sale, and a local writer of 
 the day says of St. Louis: "She already com- 
 mands the trade of a larger section of territory, 
 with a few exceptions, than any other city in 
 the Union. With a steamboat na\-igation more 
 than equal to the whole Atlantic seaboard; with 
 internal improvements, projected and in pro- 
 gress; with thousands of emigrants spreading 
 
 ENTHUSIASM AND MET 
 APHOR IN 1835. 
 
oi.n ST. i.oi'/s. 
 
 llifir liabitatimis o\x-r fertile pl.iiiis wliicli f\fiy- 
 wlific iiu-ct the eye, wlio can deiix' that we are 
 fast ver<;iii.i^- to tlie time wlieii it will be admitted 
 that this city is the lion of the West?" 
 
 The same writer goes on to enthuse o\er the 
 proposed erection of a theatre, and shortly after 
 his prophecy was issued, the corner-stone was 
 laid of the St. Louis Theatre on the corner of 
 Third and Olive streets, on the site now occu- 
 pied by the old post-oflfice. The ground cost 
 fifty dollars a foot front and the expense of the 
 building was about $(50, 000. The enterprise 
 appears to have been somewhat in advance of 
 the requirements of the times, and the early 
 history of the theatre shows that the projectors 
 met with a great deal of discouragement. 
 
 A year later work was commenced on the 
 Planter's House, which was subsequently com- 
 pleted by the St. Louis Hotel Company. 
 
 In 183(), about twenty-five of the leading 
 merchants formed the "St. Louis Chamber of 
 Commerce," not for the purpose of buying and 
 selling grain and trading in options, but to gener- 
 ally further the interests of the city in commer- 
 cial matters. Edward Tracy was the first presi- 
 dent, Henry Von Phul, vice-president, and Jolm 
 Pord, secretary. Meetings were held after of!ice 
 hours at regular intervals, and substantial good 
 was effected. The Merchants' Exchange was not 
 established until liS49, and in 1850 it was joined 
 by the Millers' Association. In 1837, the Bank 
 of the State of Missouri was incorporated with 
 a capital stock of $5,000,000. The need of 
 banking facilities had been much felt in St. 
 Louis, and the new institution was heralded 
 with nuich rejoicing and satisfaction. 
 
 It was at about this period that the absolute 
 necessity of railroad facilities between St. Louis 
 and the East and West began to be appreciated, 
 and IMayor John F. Darby called the first rail- 
 road convention held in St. Louis. Although 
 sonie years elapsed before practical results were 
 manifest, the building of the roads now known 
 as the Iron Mountain and the Missouri Pacific 
 was practically decided upon. Delegates were 
 present at the con\-ention from eleven of the 
 best counties of the State, and the influence of 
 
 the meeting was fell in many wa\-s. 'I'he \cars 
 18;i(; and I8;!7 were also memorable in tlie his- 
 tory of St. Louis for the first appearance of a 
 daily paper, the Missouri Rcpitblica>i^ com- 
 mencing its daily- issue at about the time of the 
 railroad convention. 
 
 The financial panic of 1837 does not appear 
 to have affected St. Louis as much as other cities 
 of the Union, and even at this early stage of its 
 existence, the " P'uture Great" established a 
 reputation for solidity and financial soundness 
 which has so marked it during the last half- 
 century. The recovery from the depression was 
 so rapid that the year 1839 was distinctly a 
 boom year. The Mechanics' Exchange was 
 formed, the steamboat trade grew enormously, a 
 mayor's court was established and the population 
 increased to upwards of 16,000. During the 
 year more than 2,000 steamboats arrived at the 
 port — no less than 659 during the month of 
 March. 
 
 In 1841, the Planters' House was oi^ened, and 
 that the city had attained considerable imj^ort- 
 ance as a manufacturing point is shown by the 
 record of factories and business establishments 
 to be found within it. There were, according 
 to Mr. Edwards, two foundries; twelve stove, 
 grate, tin and copper manufactories; twenty- 
 seven blacksmiths and housesmiths; two white- 
 lead, red-lead and litharge manufactories; one 
 castor-oil factory; twenty cabinet and chair fac- 
 tories; two establishments for manufacturing 
 linseed-oil; three factories for the making of 
 lead pipe; fifteen tobacco and cigar manufac- 
 tories; six grist-mills; six breweries; a glass- 
 cutting establishment; a britannia manufactory; 
 a carpet manufactory and an oil-cloth factory. 
 There were also a sugar refiner}-; a chemical 
 and fancy soap manufactory; a pottery and 
 stoneware manufactory; an establishment for 
 cutting and beautifying marble; two tanneries, 
 and several manufactories of plows and other 
 agricultural implements. 
 
 In the following year the foundation stone of 
 the Centenary church at the corner of Fifth and 
 Pine streets was laid, and in 1843 immense act- 
 ivity was manifested in the building of com- 
 
16 
 
 OLD AXD NEW Sr. LOUIS. 
 
 mercial stnictures. Eighteen hundred and forty- 
 four was the year of the disastrous river flood 
 which did immense damage, but which did not 
 prevent 1,146 buildings being erected during 
 the year. 
 
 ^„^ ^ ^ ^.„^ In 184() the Mercantile 
 
 THE GREAT FIRE ^ ., . , 
 
 Library was organized, 
 AND ITS A ,< t A ^ 1 ■ 
 
 and the foundation laid 
 INFLUENCES. ^^^ ^j^^ ^pj^^^^jj^ .^^^^.^^^. 
 
 tion which has done so much educational work 
 for the city in every way. In 1849 the city's 
 progress was checked by a calamitous fire, re- 
 sulting in a loss of upwards of $3,000,000. The 
 entire area between Locust and Market streets, 
 and from Second street to the river, was devast- 
 ated, and this catastrophe was followed by an- 
 other attack of cholera, this time more serious 
 than the first. During the months of I\Iay, 
 June and July the number of deaths attributed 
 to cholera amounted to 4,000, and when the 
 scourge was over a stricken and bruised city 
 was left. Under some conditions dual disaster 
 such as this would have discouraged the inhab- 
 itants and set back the progress of the city for 
 many years; but the men who were building up 
 St. Louis were of sterner stuff than this, and it 
 has since turned out that the disasters were in 
 many respects blessings in disguise. The new 
 buildings which took the place of the old ones 
 were much more substantial in character and 
 much more metropolitan in appearance and far 
 greater precautions were taken against loss by- 
 fire. Main street was widened, the levee was 
 pa\ed and sanitary regulations were adopted 
 which have since proved of immense value to 
 the city. 
 
 On October 15th of this year the second great 
 railroad convention was held, and the building 
 of the Pacific Railroad was assured. On tlie 
 fourth of July, 18.') 1, ground v.-as broken for this 
 road, and in 1852 work was commenced on the 
 Ohio and Mississippi and on the Terre Haute 
 and Alton roads. Thus was the foundation 
 laid for the sj'Stem of railroads which has made 
 St. Louis the best railroad center in America. 
 In 1855 the St. Louis Agricultural and Mechan- 
 ical Association was incorporated with Mr. J. 
 
 Richard Barret its first president. The site 
 still occupied by the Fair Grounds v^'as pur- 
 chased and in 1856 the first fair was held. 
 
 Early in the same year work was commenced 
 on the Southern Hotel, but the progress made 
 prior to 1861 was inconsiderable. Street rail- 
 roads began to make their appearance at tliis 
 period, and it is mentioned as quite an achieve- 
 ment that seven or eight thousand passengers 
 were carried daily. In 1859 the old Post-ofl!ice 
 and Government building was erected on Third 
 and Olive streets, and Mr. John Hogan ap- 
 pointed postmaster. 
 
 When the war broke out the population of 
 St. Louis was a little more than 1(>0,000. Prog- 
 ress was retarded by the " late unpleasantness," 
 but not altogether checked. In 1862 the court 
 house was finally completed, and in 1864 an 
 act was passed by the Legislature incorporating 
 the Illinois and St. Louis Bridge Company. In 
 the following year the Missouri Legislature 
 passed an amended act, and the necessary legis- 
 lation was also obtained in the State of Illinois. 
 In 1867 the Polytechnic building was finished, 
 and in the same year Captain J. B. Eads com- 
 pleted his plans for the magnificent bridge which 
 still bears his name, and which is regarded justly 
 as one of the wonders of the world. In 1881 
 the Keystone Bridge Company of Pittsburg un- 
 dertook the contract for the superstructure, and 
 on the fourth of July, 1874, it was announced 
 with great rejoicing that the magnificent bridge 
 was completed. The tunnel was also constructed , 
 connecting the bridge approach with the old 
 Union Depot, and St. Louis at last was con- 
 nected directly by means of railroads with the 
 East. 
 
 This completes a brief outline of tlie history 
 of Old St. Louis, from its first settlement by 
 Laclede and Cliouteau to the completion of the 
 first bridge across the Father of Waters and the 
 adoption of the Scheme and Charter. No at- 
 tempt has been made to go into full details, but 
 sufficient has been stated to indicate by wliat 
 stages the little Indian trading point grew into 
 a frontier village, a county town; an important 
 river port, and finally a great metropolis. 
 
OLD ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ANSALS OF 
 OLD ST. LOUIS. 
 
 The various events and happenings since tlic 
 opening of the bridge will be found recorded in 
 the various chapters dealing with the most im- 
 portant features of New St. Louis, a city which 
 is destined to be at an early date the Metropolis 
 of the Mid-Continent, and which is now the 
 commercial and financial metropolis of the tier 
 of prosperous and growing States which make 
 up the great West, Southwest and South. 
 
 The following table of 
 events of interest connect- 
 ed with Old St. Louis, 
 will also be of value in tracing the growth of 
 the city, and the building of great things out of 
 small. It is not a complete historical index, 
 but deals with points of importance with which 
 ever)- St. Louisan ought to be familiar: 
 
 February 1."), 17()4, Augnste Cliouteau landed 
 at site of St. Louis. 
 
 Louis St. Ange de Bellerive, French Com- 
 mander, took possession July 17, ITtj.j. 
 
 French supremacy supplanted by Spanish do- 
 minion, August 11, 17().S. 
 
 Pontiac, the great Indian chief, visited St. 
 Ange in 17()H, and was murdered while visiting 
 Cahokia. 
 
 Lieutenant Governor and ^Military Command- 
 ant Don Pedro Piernas assumed control for 
 Spnin, November 29, 1770. 
 
 St. Ange de Bellerive, who had accepted mili- 
 tary services under Piernas, died in 177-4, and 
 was buried in the Catholic cemetery. 
 
 Pierre Laclede Liguest laid out and chris- 
 tened St. Louis, March, 17(U. 
 
 First marriage, that of Toussaint Hanen and 
 Marie Baugenon, solemnized April 20, 17()(;. 
 
 First Catholic church dedicated with solemn 
 ceremonies, June 24, 1770. 
 
 First ferry established by Gamasche, June, 
 177(), forerunnerof the Wiggins Ferry of to-day. 
 
 Les Petites Cotes, subsequently St. Andrews, 
 now St. Charles, founded in 17(39, and Floris- 
 sant, then called St. Ferdinand, in 177t>. 
 
 Pierre Laclede Liguest died June 20, 177.S, 
 while en route to New Orleans, and was buried 
 somewhere near the mouth of the Arkansas. 
 
 Don Fernand de Levba in 177b succeeded Don 
 
 I'Vancisco Cruyat, a wise and popular Governor 
 in command of Upper Louisiana. 
 
 Monday, May 2(i, 1780, 1,000 Indians, in- 
 cited by the English, attacked St. Louis and 
 massacred forty citizens. This is known as 
 Vannee du coup — the year of the blow. 
 
 Don Fernand de Leyba died June 2f<, 1780, 
 and was succeeded by Lieut. Silvio Francisco 
 Castabana. 
 
 The year 1785 was marked by disastrous 
 floods, almost wiping out civilization in the val- 
 ley. It was called by the French Pannee dcs 
 grandcs caiix — the year of great waters. 
 
 Boatmen on the Mississippi annoyed by pi- 
 rates at Grand Tower, and in 1788 ten vessels 
 united in an expedition from New Orleans, van- 
 quished the robbers and reached St. Louis safely. 
 This is known as F anncc dcs dix bateaux — the 
 year of the ten boats. 
 
 The winter of 1799 was of extraordinary se- 
 verity, and went into history as Vaiinee du grand 
 hirer — the year of the hard winter. 
 
 Don Manuel Percy assumed gubernatorial 
 control in 1788, the population of the St. Louis 
 district then being 1,197, exclusive of Indians. 
 
 The beloved Zenan Trudeau was succeeded in 
 1798 by Charles Debault de Lassus de Lunerie, 
 a native of France long in the Spanish service, 
 and promoted to lieutenant-governor from mil- 
 itary command. 
 
 May IJ, 1801, marked the first appearance of 
 small-pox, and the settlers commemorated the 
 scourge by a peculiar title, P anncc de la picotie 
 — the year of the small-pox. 
 
 The military fort of Belle Fontaine was estab- 
 lished on the Missouri, near its mouth, by Ck-n. 
 Wilkinson in 180(3. Its site has long since been 
 washed away. 
 
 Gen. Merri weather Lewis, the great explorer, 
 and at the time Governor of the Territory, com- 
 mitted suicide in a moment of depression brought 
 on by the hard times prevailing, while on a 
 journey to Louisville, in October, 1809. 
 
 The :Missouri Fur Company was formed by 
 St. Louisans in 1808, and supplanted the Hud- 
 son Bay Company in what afterward became 
 United States territory. 
 
18 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Charter granted St. Louis Lodge, No. Ill, 
 Masonic Order, September 15, 1808, to Gen. 
 Merriweather Lewis, being the first lodge in the 
 West. 
 
 First fire company organized January 27, 
 1810. 
 
 July 4, 1811, first public celebration of Inde- 
 pendence Day. 
 
 Earthquake shook St. Louis and vicinity, De- 
 cember 16, 1811. 
 
 June 4, 1812, the name of Missouri was 
 adopted for Territory, and first Territorial Legis- 
 lature met, and the Post-office of St. Louis and 
 departure of delegates to Washington. 
 
 First English school opened by Geo. Thomp- 
 kins in room on Market street, near Second, 
 in 1818. 
 
 August 2, 1815, first steamboat, the "Pike," 
 Capt. Jacob Reed, reached the foot of Market 
 street, and was greeted with holiday demon- 
 stration. 
 
 The Bank of St. Louis, first institution of its 
 kind in the Territory, incorporated August, 181(5; 
 Samuel Hammond, president, and John B. N. 
 Smith, cashier. 
 
 The Missouri Bank was incorporated Febru- 
 ary 1, 1817, with Auguste Chouteau, president, 
 and Liburn W. Boggs, cashier. 
 
 First Board of School Trustees, formed in 
 1817, consisted of Wm. Clark, Wm. C. Carr, 
 Thomas H. Benton, Bernard Pratte, Auguste 
 Chouteau, Alexander McNair and John P. 
 Cabaune. 
 
 A fine cathedral was built in 1818 on the site 
 of the old log church. It was decorated with 
 original paintings by Rubens, Raphael, Guido 
 and Paul Veronese, but afterwards destroyed by 
 fire, except the gift of Louis XVIII., now in 
 Walnut Street Cathedral. 
 
 A duel between Thomas H. Benton and 
 Charles Lucas, April 12, 1817, resulted in the 
 wounding of Lucas. A second meeting on Sep- 
 tember 27, resulted in his death. 
 
 A duel between Joshua Barton, United States 
 District Attorney, and Thomas C. Rector, brother 
 of Gen. Wm. Rector, on Bloody Island, June 
 30, 1818, resulted in the death of Rector. 
 
 St. Louis was incorporated as a city by act of 
 the Legislature December 9, 1822, and William 
 Carr Lane elected mayor, with a board of nine 
 aldermen. 
 
 May, 1819, the " Independence," first steam- 
 boat, left for up the Missouri, reaching Old 
 Franklin in seven days. 
 
 Gen. Wm. H. Ashley's expedition from St. 
 Louis, 1824, reached the great Utah Lake, and 
 discovered the South Pass through the Rocky 
 Mountains. 
 
 Marquis Lafayette visited St. Louis April 28, 
 1825, and was received with great honor and 
 prolonged festivities. 
 
 The year 1825 was marked by the erection of 
 the F^irst Episcopal and the First Presbyterian 
 churches. The commencement of the present 
 court house and Jefferson Barracks and the es- 
 tablishment of the United States arsenal were 
 in the next year, 182(). 
 
 Convent of the Sacred Heart founded at 
 Broadway and Convent street, 1827, by will of 
 John Mullanphy. It is . now located at Marys- 
 ville, in South St. Louis. 
 
 The St. Louis LTniversity, under Jesuit con- 
 trol, was permanently opened November 2, 1829, 
 at Ninth and Washington avenue. 
 
 First jockey club organized and opened a 
 three-day meeting Thursday, October 9, 1828. 
 The St. Louis Jockey Club opened the Cote 
 Brilliante track June 4, 1877. 
 
 In 1829, the first branch of the United States 
 Bank, afterwards a bone of national contention, 
 was established, with Col. John O'Fallon as 
 president. 
 
 August, 1831, witnessed the bloodiest duel 
 on record, Spencer Pettis and Major Biddle 
 meeting on Bloody Island, firing at five paces, 
 and both falling mortally wounded at the first 
 fire. 
 
 The first water works, located at the foot of 
 Bates street, were put in operation in 1832, and 
 were a private enterprise, and purchased by the 
 city in 1835. The Bissell's Point works were 
 commenced in 1867 and delivered completed 
 July 16, 1870. 
 
 The free public school s)stem of St. Louis 
 
OLD ST. LOWS. 
 
 19 
 
 imder its i^resent form was created by act of 
 Legislature, February 13, 1833. Judge Marie 
 P. Leduc was first president. The first free 
 school was opened in 1837, four years later. 
 
 First lodge of Independent Order of Odd Fel- 
 lows was established June 3, 1835, under the 
 name of Travelers' Rest Lodge, No. 1, and had 
 five members. 
 
 The year l.s;'>(; was marked by the burning 
 ali\-e by a mob of Francis Mcintosh, a negro 
 who had killed Deputy Constable Samuel Ham- 
 mond, the atrocious event occurring on or about 
 the present site of the old Polytechnic building. 
 
 The corner-stone of the St. Louis Theatre 
 was laid in 1836 at Third and Olive, on the 
 spot afterwards occupied by the custom house. 
 N. M. Ludlow, chief of its founders, lived until 
 three years ago. This was the first theatre in 
 the West. 
 
 "The year the negroes were hung" was 1841, 
 four men having nuirdered two young mer- 
 chants, Jacob Weaver and Jesse Baker, for the 
 purpose of robbery, and then set fire to the 
 building in which the corpses lay. The crim- 
 inals were early apprehended, and, being con- 
 victed, were executed upon Arsenal Island. 
 
 The first steamboat sent up the Yellowstone, 
 the departure of the famous Bonneville expedi- 
 tion to the Far West, the exploration of Ar- 
 kansas and establishment of Fort William, now 
 Little Rock, were events of 1842. 
 
 The Bank of the State of Missouri was in- 
 corporated February 1, 1837, with a capital of 
 $5,000,000, in time to meet the great panic of 
 that year, during which it temporarily sus- 
 pended. The Planters' House was commenced 
 same year. 
 
 The great Daniel Webster visited St. Louis in 
 the summer of 1837, was entertained at the St. 
 Clair Hotel, and the next day he spoke for six 
 hours to an audience of 5,000 which had gath- 
 ered to a barbecue in the field which was after- 
 ward Lucas Market Square, and is now known 
 as Grant Place. 
 
 Centenary M. E. Church corner-stone was 
 laid May 10; Hon. J. B. C. Lucas died; the first 
 steamboat was built in St. Louis; Judge Brj-an 
 
 Mullanphy was impeached for oppression; July 
 3, the steamer Edna blew up and killed fifty- 
 five persons; General Atkinson died at Jefferson 
 Barracks, all in the year 1842. 
 
 The Medical Society riots occurred February 
 25, 1844; the volunteer firemen's riot occurred 
 July 2f), 184i>; the first of the Know-nothing 
 riots Ajjril 5, 1852; a more serious Know-nothing 
 riot August 7, 1854, in which ten persons were 
 killed and thirty wounded, and the great rail- 
 road riots in 1877. 
 
 The "June rise" of 1844 eclipsed all previous 
 high-water records, the crest being reached June 
 24, with the flood seven feet and seven inches 
 above the city directrix. Steamboats landed at 
 Second street and plied to the bluffs in Illinois. 
 Over 500 people were rendered homeless. The 
 city directrix was not reached in the abatement 
 until July 14. 
 
 October 15, 1849, a mass convention was held 
 at the court house to reconsider the building of 
 a railroad to the Far West, which bore fruit, for 
 on July 4, 1851, ground was broken in the prac- 
 tical commencement of the Pacific Railroad, the 
 humble forerunner of the grand system of rail- 
 roads now west of the Mississippi river. Thomas 
 Allen was president of the first company. 
 
 Washington University was chartered in 1853 
 under the name of Eliot Seminary, which was, 
 a year later, changed to Washington Institute. 
 Smith Academy was added in 1851), and the 
 University formally inaugurated April 22, 1857. 
 The Law School was added in 18(30, and the 
 Manual Training School in 1880. 
 
 The old Lindell Hotel, on the site of the pres- 
 ent hostelry, was commenced in 1857, and when 
 completed, represented to the people of the 
 country the astounding spectacle of a hotel be- 
 yond the Mississippi surpassing in magnitude 
 any other in the United States. It was de- 
 stroyed by fire in 1867, rebuilt and opened for 
 business in 1874. 
 
 The first street car corporation in St. Louis 
 was the Missouri Railroad Company, and the 
 first car was driven by the president of the com- 
 pany, Hon. Erastus Wells, on July 4, 1859, who 
 lived to see the development of the finest .sys- 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 teni of local transportation of passengers in the 
 world. 
 
 In 1X74 the Union depot was established and 
 the Eads bridge opened for traffic. The Union 
 depot has outlived its usefulness, but the bridge 
 remains an honor to the city and to the man 
 who designed it. 
 
 In 1876 the scheme and charter was adopted, 
 and St. Louis became an independent city with- 
 out either county government or taxation. 
 
 In 1878 the first Veiled Prophet's pageant was 
 seen in the city, and crude attempts were made 
 to illuminate the city. 
 
 The Mercantile and Commercial clubs were 
 both organized in \'6>i\. 
 
 In 1882 the Cotton Exchange building was 
 opened ; work was commenced on the Exposi- 
 tion building, and the first extensive illumina- 
 tions were seen. 
 
 In 1882 the agitation in favor of granite pav- 
 ing on the down-town streets was commenced 
 and took definite shape. 
 
 In 1883 and 1884 the Exposition building 
 was constructed, and the first Exposition was 
 held in the months of September and October 
 of the latter year. 
 
 In 1884 work was commenced with a view to 
 securing legislation for a rapid transit street 
 railroad in St. Louis, and Old St. Louis ceased 
 to have any practical existence. 
 
 CHAPTER I I. 
 
 NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 SOME OF THE INFLUENCES WHICH BROUGHT ABOUT THE CITY'S SECOND BIRTH.-A SUC- 
 CESSION OF TRIUMPHS. 
 
 WELL-KNOWN character in fiction is 
 represented as expressing doubts as to 
 her birth, and as hazarding an opin- 
 ion that she was never born at all, but 
 just "growed." So it is to a great 
 extent with New St. Louis. We know 
 to a day when Old St. Louis was born ; we know 
 how year after year it grew and flourished, and 
 we know how and when it fulfilled and surpassed 
 early expectations of greatness. 
 
 But just when New St. Louis commenced its 
 existence cannot be determined by a reference to 
 the calendar or a quotation from it. Old St. 
 Louis is a thing of the past. The city in its 
 magnificent maturity has "put away childish 
 things" and ranks high among the foremost 
 cities of the world. Its new Union Station is 
 the grandest, largest railway jDassenger depot 
 in the world, with track facilities and coanec- 
 
 tious which are at once a marvel of intricacy 
 and simplicity ; the largest city on the largest 
 river in the world, St. Louis has also unsur- 
 passed railroad connections, with lines stretch- 
 ing out in every direction and running through 
 every State in the Union ; its manufacturing 
 and commercial establishments are numerous 
 and gigantic, and its manufacturing output is in- 
 creasing more rapidly than that of any other city 
 in the world. The little narrow thoroughfares of 
 our grandparents have given place to some of 
 the best paved and lighted streets in America. 
 The street railway system of St. Louis has be- 
 come the best in the country, and a veritable 
 model even in these days of rapid transit and 
 electric locomotion. Panics come and go, but 
 the banks of St. Louis weather the storm with 
 the ease of lifeboats, and emerge from it unin- 
 jured either in finance or reputation. The parks 
 
NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 21 
 
 of St. Louis are exquisite oases of beauty and 
 \erdure in the midst of a profusion of comnier- 
 cial palaces and delightful homes, and New St. 
 Louis is in a hundred other ways a model city, 
 not perfect of course, but rapidly advancing to- 
 wards the ideal of municipal excellence. 
 
 But this does not settle the question of the 
 date of the birth of New St. Louis, always as- 
 suming that it was born and did not mysteriously 
 grow. The preceding chapter contains a rough 
 outline of events from the founding of the town 
 to the establishment of the city on an entirely 
 independent basis by the adoption of the scheme 
 and charter, and it may be asked — does not New 
 vSt. Louis date from the severance of the city 
 from the county? Did not Old St. Louis come 
 into existence in ITG-land pass out of it in ISTli? 
 The answer to both questions is " No." 
 The difference between Old and New St. Louis 
 is far greater than a mere matter of years. It is 
 something infinitely more important than a ques- 
 tion of area and boundaries. It involves some- 
 thing much more tangible than a mere increase 
 in material wealth and influence. Old St. Louis 
 clung to the traditions of the past long after it 
 had become one of the largest cities of the LTnion. 
 It followed where it ought to have led. It 
 scented danger in every new project, and devoted 
 too little energy to measures of aggressive ad- 
 vance. It ignored the rivalry of smaller cities, 
 and allowed them to encroach upon its territory 
 right up to its very gates, and it adopted a pol- 
 icy of ultra-conservatism with a motto, implied 
 if not expressed, that what had made the city 
 great would keep it so for all time and against 
 all comers. In a word it stood still, resting upon 
 its own strength, ignoring the changes which 
 modern invention and enterprise were making 
 around, and ridiculing the idea of a serious devi- 
 ation from the old established lines. The com- 
 mercial interests of the city were mostly in the 
 hands of men of mature years, many of whom 
 had come West and grown up with the country, 
 before Horace Greeley had commenced to phi- 
 losophize. 
 
 Some of these veterans heralded the New St. 
 Louis idea with delight, and gave it the support 
 
 TUB SENTIMENT 
 IN 1878. 
 
 and assistance of advice based upon half a cent- 
 ury of hard work. But others, including some 
 whose yeoman service certainly entitled them 
 to rest and retirement, looked less favorably on 
 the necessary rush and hurry of these latter 
 days, in which every man who hopes to suc- 
 ceed must do at least the work of two men. 
 They were literally astounded at the progress 
 St. Louis had made during their sojourn in 
 it, and instead of regarding that progress as 
 evidence of unlimited possibilities, they w^ere 
 inclined to regard it as a magnificent achieve- 
 ment — as a battle valiantly fought and perma- 
 nently won. 
 
 This feeling of finality, if 
 the word may be used, was 
 well expressed by a local 
 writer in 1878: "Are St. Louis business men 
 unprogressive? Some of our contemporaries 
 out West are disposed to 'poke fun' at St. Louis 
 because of the apparently unprogressive and 
 unenterprising character of those who are rulers 
 in her marts of trade and banks. Well, per- 
 haps it is a truth that St. Louis is provokingly 
 slow, but it would be well to remember that St. 
 Louis is exceedingly sure, that she does not act 
 for to-day only, but for all time. The truth is 
 St. Louis is a ver^^ solid city; that the actual 
 financial condition of her business men is a little 
 too good for a very aggressive campaign for 
 traffic. We do not say that the city is in danger 
 of permanent injury from the prosperous condi- 
 tion of her citizens engaged in the business of 
 merchandising, manufacturing, banking, build- 
 ing and other industries. St. Louis is a con- 
 servative city, that we readily admit; but the 
 conservatism of our citizens does not lead them 
 to neglect the great interests which center here, 
 and which have thus far led to a great and sub- 
 stantial development. It is true, and we readily 
 admit it, that the rather ultra-conservatism 
 which prevails here sometimes delays the con- 
 summation of designs necessary to the contin- 
 ued prosperity of the city, and, to the extent of 
 such delays, retards and injures its commerce. 
 But the good people of St. Louis are neither 
 blind nor destitute of ordinary intelligence. 
 
22 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 They know their interests, and will be very cer- 
 tain to guard them with jealous care." 
 
 "Guarding with jealous care" is good, but it 
 does not build up a city, nor is it either logical 
 or progressive to speak of "the actual financial 
 condition of business men" as "a little too good 
 for a very aggressive campaign for traffic." 
 Eternal vigilance is the price of a great many 
 blessings besides liberty. A city can never be sta- 
 tionary in anything but location; in commerce, 
 finance and influence it must either gain or lose 
 — it must either achieve victories, or it must be 
 content to suffer losses. Thus it was with Old 
 St. Louis in the zenith of its glory. It ceased 
 to be aggressive, and it lost ground. The cen- 
 sus returns of 1880, the last it ever saw, were 
 disappointing in the extreme, and the gains 
 made by apparently insignificant rivals caused 
 a general awaking to the fact that what the city 
 had fought to obtain, it must fight to retain. 
 "Poor old Missouri!" "Poor old St. Louis!" 
 became every-day expressions, and an impres- 
 sion gained ground that St. Louis had seen its 
 best days, that it was a great river town, but 
 not in the race in the days of railroads, and that 
 the -western metropolis would not be on the 
 western bank of the Mississippi, in the almost 
 exact center of the great valley to which the 
 Father of Waters gave its name. 
 
 New St. Louis is entirely different. Young, 
 untiring men have assumed control of the city 
 in every department, and where there was leth- 
 argy and content, there is now ceaseless energy 
 and laudable ambition. People no longer say, 
 "Good enough for St. Louis;" nothing is good 
 enough which is not the very best. St. Louisans 
 no longer hesitate when a new project of gigan- 
 tic proportions is suggested; they are ready, to 
 adopt a simile only partly applicable, to step in 
 where angels fear to tread. In other words, the 
 city leads where it used to follow; it insists 
 where it used to yield; it frightens those it used 
 to fear. 
 
 The change from the old regime to the new 
 was in a measure gradual, and in a measure 
 sudden. It did not take place when the Eads 
 bridge was opened, nor was the extension of the. 
 
 city limits and the adoption of the scheme and 
 charter celebrated by a ringing out of the old 
 and a ringing in of the new. The last three or 
 four years of the seventies belong distinctly to 
 the Old St. Louis period, and we must look to 
 the eighties for the day and hour of the birth 
 of New St. Louis. 
 
 And even here it is a 
 
 THE FIGHT 
 FOR RAPID TRANSIT. 
 
 case of doctors differii 
 
 According to one theory 
 the death-knell to Old St. Louis was sounded when 
 the ground was broken for the first rapid transit 
 road in the city, the old Locust street cable, which 
 in its twists and turns used to throw the jjasseu- 
 gers around with as little mercy as baggage hand- 
 lers usually extend toward trunks and valises. 
 Truly, the fight for a franchise was picturesque 
 and emblematical. On the one side was the de- 
 mand for rapid transit, with the unanswerable 
 argument that time is money, and that there was 
 no reason for St. Louis being content with mules 
 and horses for street car traction, when smaller 
 cities were building cable lines rapidly. The 
 New St. Louis idea was well brought out, and 
 there was a great deal of severe talk about 
 old-fogyism, vested interests, Westinghouse air- 
 brakes on progress, and the like. 
 
 As to the Old St. Louis theory, it was liter- 
 ally ridden to death. A good lawyer has been 
 described as an advocate who knows when to 
 stop; but the opponents to rapid transit helped on 
 the good work of reform and progress by comical 
 descents from the sulilime to the ridiculous, and 
 l)y riding their hobl)y to death. The street car 
 powers that were naturally opjjosed the pro- 
 ject because of its dangerous rivalry, and they 
 succeeded in getting the ordinance so amended as 
 to force upon the promoters what was described 
 as "an impossible route." That is to say, they 
 multiplied the curves and difficulties to such an 
 extent that competent engineers expressed de- 
 cided opinions to the effect that the road could 
 never be operated even if built. This was fair 
 fighting, but it was accompanied by consider- 
 able hitting below the belt. Worshipers of the 
 old idea screamed with horror. Horses would 
 be frightened, wheels would sink into the cable 
 
NEjr ST. LOUIS. 
 
 23 
 
 slot, children and even adults would be crushed 
 out of existence by the threatened Juggernaut, 
 and streets would l^e rendered absolutely impass- 
 able. These arguments were raised, not once or 
 twice, but dozens of times, both before the com- 
 mittees of the City Council and House of Dele- 
 gates, and in the columns of the newspapers. 
 It was a cry of flee from the cars to come, and 
 there was no dearth of prophets to foretell dire 
 disaster as the immediate and certain effect of 
 the proposed profanation of the streets. 
 
 Nor was this all. The old story of the man 
 who objected to gas because his father had lived 
 and prospered with no brighter illuminant than 
 a rush-light, was retold in a new form and with- 
 out the narrators noticing the humor of their 
 argument. St. Louis, they said, had grown into 
 a great city without rapid transit, and what had 
 sufficed in the past would do in the future. It, 
 or rather they, did not need any innovations, and 
 the city's reputation for substantial solidity 
 would be jeopardized by the change. People 
 did not live far enough from their places of busi- 
 ness to make rapid transit necessary, it was 
 urged, the theorists calmly oblivious of the fact 
 that they were mixing up cause and effect, and 
 that the reason people lived in crowded homes 
 was because the most attractive and healthy por- 
 tions of the city were inaccessible to all but the 
 favored few who could afford to keep carriages 
 and horses. Public opinion was divided to a 
 remarkable extent, but common sense finally 
 triumphed, the necessary powers were granted 
 and the road was built. 
 
 This was in the years 1884, 18.S.5 and LSSii, 
 and, we are inclined to think, a little after the 
 birth of New St. Louis. There was a pitched 
 battle between the old and the new, and both 
 forces organized with sufficient thoroughness to 
 indicate the existence of the new idea which was 
 gaining strength, as well as the old idea which 
 was dying so painfully and so hard. 
 
 Again, as evidence 
 of the fact that the 
 
 THE VEILED 
 PROPHET'S INFLUENCE. 
 
 grand awakening took 
 place prior t<^ the building of the first rapid 
 transit road, the erection of the Exposition 
 
 Building and the inauguration of autumnal 
 illuminations may be recorded. That the Old 
 St. Louis idea is not interred, although it is long 
 past medical aid, is proved by the fact that 
 there are still people to be found who doubt the 
 good influence of hospitality, and who cry a/i 
 bono? every time St. Louis lays itself out to 
 attract and entertain. But these are in a hope- 
 less minority, for on every hand the opinion 
 prevails that if the Veiled Prophet is not the 
 actual creator of New St. Louis, he was present 
 at the birth and assisted materially in bringing 
 it about. It was the Prophet who taught the 
 people of St. Louis to appreciate the beauties 
 and resources of their own city, and it was the 
 Prophet and his followers wdio downed cry after 
 cry of the Old St. Louis order. 
 
 And if it was not the Prophet who suggested 
 the building of a home for a permanent exposi- 
 tion, who was it? In the years 1883 and 1884, 
 the suggestions took material shape, and it is 
 probable that this event, more than any other, 
 marked the change from the old to the new. 
 The raising of the necessary funds to construct 
 the building, and the general rallying around 
 the standard, roused St. Louisans out of them- 
 selves and had an educational influence, the 
 value of which it would be difficult, if indeed it 
 were possible, to overrate. The change was 
 not by any means completed while the work 
 was in progress, because the air was full of 
 prophesies of failure. No city had ever suc- 
 ceeded in making an annual exposition self- 
 sustaining, and was it likely "poor Old St. 
 Louis could"? It was not at all likely; but it 
 was possible for New St. Louis to do wdiat has 
 singe been so forcibly demonstrated. The mill- 
 ions of people who have come from east, west, 
 north and south to see the Exposition, the illu- 
 minations and the other fall attractions, have 
 carried back to their homes enthusiastic state- 
 ments as to the grandeur of the city, and have 
 concluded description after description with the 
 qualification that the half had not been told. 
 
 In a search for the causes which led to an ig- 
 noring of the past and a determination to plan 
 and construct a new future, it would be mani- 
 
24 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. l.OUTS. 
 
 festly unjust to overlook the influence of two of 
 the great clubs of St. Louis — the Mercantile 
 and the Commercial. The Mercantile Club was 
 established three or four years before the Expo- 
 sition, and it has been the birthplace of nearly 
 everj' important project which has since seen the 
 light. The meeting at which it was proposed 
 to construct an exposition building was held in 
 the old building on Locust street, and many 
 other projects of untold value to the city were 
 plotted and schemed in one or the other of the 
 rooms of the same building. It was almost 
 an act of vandalism to tear down a club house 
 which had so many pleasing and profitable 
 memories; but it was erected in the reign of 
 Old St. Louis, and was not in keeping with 
 New St. Louis, either in capacity or elegance. 
 The Commercial 
 Club differs from the 
 
 THE COMMERCIAL CLUB 
 AND GRANITE STREETS. 
 
 Mercantile in one 
 essential point. It is a debating society rather 
 than a social club, and it also performs many of 
 the duties which fall to the lot of boards of 
 trade in smaller cities. Since the formation of 
 the Autumnal Festivities Association, with its 
 numerous committees, the Commercial Club has 
 been less heard of than formerly. But in its 
 earlier days it was an immense power for good, 
 and its influence on improvements of the better 
 kind has always been marked. Indeed, it com- 
 petes with the rapid transit movement and the 
 Veiled Prophet for the right to claim New St. 
 Louis as its own particular offspring. The club 
 was established in the year 1881, and its forma- 
 tion proved to no inconsiderable extent the ex- 
 istence of a spirit of dissatisfaction with the 
 existing condition of affairs and a determination 
 to strike out in fresh lines and pastures new. 
 In March, 1882, Mr. George E. Leighton read a 
 paper before the club in which he spoke strongly 
 on the importance of an improvement in the 
 streets and of better paving. The arguments 
 were heartily appreciated, and if the paper did 
 not result in the immediate repaving of the bus- 
 iness streets, it at least opened the eyes of the 
 public to the paramount importance of the work, 
 which was commenced soon after its reading. 
 
 Again, the Old St. Louis ultra-conservatism 
 was manifested; and the reform was fought bit- 
 terly. At that time, and, indeed, up to the 
 year 1893, the cost of street reconstruction was 
 charged against the property fronting on it, 
 with a limit of charge fixed at one-fourth the 
 assessed valuation, any excess being paid out of 
 the municipal revenues. There is no limit now,* 
 but even with the advantage ^jiven property 
 owners under the old law, they protested bit- 
 terly, and the board room of the Board of 
 Public Improvements, as w^ell as the committee 
 rooms of the two branches of the Municipal 
 Assembly, and even the mayor's office itself, 
 heard arguments which echoed in sentiment 
 and purpose the still prevailing conservatism. 
 
 But the pavements which were good enough 
 for Old St. Louis were not suitable in any re- 
 spect for New St. Louis, and common sense 
 won again. As the business streets were paved 
 with granite, so did the standing of the city 
 improve. History shows that, almost invari- 
 ably, good roads and civilization have gone 
 hand in hand; and the moral and commercial 
 influence of good streets in St. Louis has been 
 astounding. Whether the new era was the re- 
 sult of their being constructed, or whether their 
 construction was an incident to the new era, 
 this deponent sa\-eth not. 
 
 In the same line of thought it is difficult to 
 distinguish cause and effect in regard to the 
 phenomenal increase in the extent and im- 
 portance of the city's manufactures. Certain it 
 is that coincident with the commencement of 
 work on the granite streets and with the build- 
 iug of Exposition Hall, the manufacturing inter- 
 est had an awakening far too solid and lasting to 
 be looked upon or spoken of asa " boom." New 
 factories and office-buildings began to be erected, 
 old ones were remodeled and enlarged, and 
 " angels of commerce " were sent out to do mis- 
 sionary work in fields never before invaded In 
 St. Louis houses. As rapid transit opened up 
 new territorj' for homes, this good work cou- 
 
 *The validity of tlie Stone Law, al)olishins< the 25 per 
 cent limit, was being tried in the courts when this woik 
 went to press. 
 
NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 25 
 
 TWO OUTSIDE OPINIONS 
 
 ON THE 
 
 CITY'S NEW GROWTH. 
 
 tinned, and New St. Louis is to-day one of the 
 most important manufacturing and distributing 
 jDoints in the world, leading in many lines and a 
 good second in many more. 
 
 So it will be seen that four distinct influences 
 combined to bring New St. Louis into existence 
 about ten years ago. Fortunately, there was 
 an abundance of youthful talent and energy to 
 pilot the old into the new and to take advantage 
 of opportunities as they arose; and, hence, we 
 have to-day a city old only in its history, its 
 solidity and integrity, and new in every other 
 feature — in its buildings, its streets, its manu- 
 factures, its commerce and its people. 
 
 Julian Ralph, who 
 is perhaps the best 
 authority of the dec- 
 ade on American 
 cities, owing to the nature and extent of the 
 special correspondence tours he has undertaken, 
 has this to say of the transition or " new 
 growth" of St. Louis: 
 
 "St. Louis is the one large western city in 
 which a man i\u\\\ our eastern cities would feel 
 at once at home. It seems to require no more 
 explanation than Boston w-ould to a New Yorker 
 or Baltimore to a Bostonian. It speaks for 
 itself in a familiar language of street scenes, arch- 
 itecture, and the faces and manners of the peo- 
 ple. In saying this I make no comparison that 
 is unfavorable to the other western cities, for it 
 is not unfriendly to say that their most striking 
 characteristic is their newness, or that this is 
 lacking in St. Louis. And yet to-day St. Louis 
 is new-born, and her appearance of age and of 
 similarity to the eastern cities belies her. She 
 is not in the least what she looks. Ten or 
 a dozen j-ears ago there began the operation of 
 influences which were to rejuvenate her, to fill 
 her old veins with new blood, to give her the 
 momentum of the most vigorous western enter- 
 prise. Six or seven years ago these began to 
 bear fruit, and the new metropolitan spirit com- 
 menced to tlirob in the veins of the old cit\'. 
 Tlie change is not like the awakening of Rip 
 \'an Winkle, for the city never slept; it is rather 
 the repetition of the case of that boy-god of 
 
 mythology, whose slender form grew sturdy 
 when his brother was born. It was the new 
 life around the old that spurred it to sudden 
 growth. ' ' ( Harper's Xcic Montlilv, November, 
 
 l.S'Jl>.) 
 
 A year later the Springfield Democrat, com- 
 menting editorially on a large real estate trans- 
 action, said: " St. Louis has never in any sense 
 been a 'boom' town, but there is not to-day a 
 city in the country in better repute as a solid, 
 progressive, financial, commercial and manufact- 
 uring center, nor one which is making as rapid 
 progress in expansion of trade, in architectural 
 supremacy, or in increase of population. To 
 within fifteen years ago it was regarded as an 
 ultra-conservative town that compromised its fu- 
 ture by the rejection of adventitious aids that 
 were seized upon by its windy competitor by the 
 lakes, and was the target of jibes and standing 
 comparisons that were a dead-weight when the 
 present generation took the helm and overthrew 
 tradition by the utilization of every legitimate 
 opportunity that gave the promise of a better- 
 ment. 
 
 " The New St. Louis is an object lesson for 
 the careful, and, possibly, profitable, considera- 
 tion of other communities with greater or less 
 aspirations. It has demonstrated that while 
 conservatism is advantageous as breakwater, it 
 is a positive injury as dam to enterprise, and 
 that the maxim, ' nothing venture, nothing 
 gain,' has its application in the building of cities 
 as in the determination of the fortunes of indi- 
 viduals." 
 
 It was a favorite boast of 
 the old regime that "St. 
 
 FOREIGN CAPITAL 
 AND 
 
 ITS INFLUENCE. 
 
 Louis owns herself." In other 
 words, the people gloried in 
 the fact that local enterprises were supported 
 exclusively by local capital. This fallacy has 
 long since been exploded, and there is a realiza- 
 tion of the fact that the more outside capital 
 tliat is attracted to the city, the greater the ad- 
 vantage to its mercantile and manufacturing in- 
 terests. Since the civilized world has begun to 
 appreciate the fact that New St. Louis is one 
 of its most progressive and prosperous cities, 
 
26 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 millions of outside capital have been attracted 
 to it, and many of the most magnificent of the 
 new buildings have been erected largely or in 
 great part by eastern and even English money. 
 The days of Chinese walls are over, and the city 
 which earns for itself the confidence of the in- 
 ternational financial world is the one that makes 
 the most pronounced and prolonged improve- 
 ment. Charity may begin at home, but it does 
 not end there; and while the investment of local 
 capital and accumulation is the first stepping- 
 stone to municipal growth, the attraction of 
 foreign capital for investment is indispensable 
 in these days of competition and encroachment. 
 Hence, while Old St. L,ouis was hampered by an 
 excess of exclusiveness and an undue tendency 
 to look with suspicion upon new enterprises 
 from the outside. New St. Louis has sprung to 
 the front and kept there, largely because it has 
 attracted the attention, if not the envy, of the 
 financial and mercantile world of two continents, 
 and because of the impetus investment from the 
 outside has given to almost every one of its in- 
 dustries. 
 
 When English gold was paid for a number of 
 the breweries of which St. Louis had long been 
 proud, there was considerable heartache in con- 
 sequence. But the breweries remain where they 
 were. They pay as large if not larger sums 
 every week to St. Louis men to be spent at 
 St. Louis stores, and for all practical purposes the 
 city derives as much benefit from the industry 
 as ever. True, the idea of the profits crossing 
 the ocean in the shape of dividend warrants is 
 the reverse of pleasant, but the local investment 
 of the foreign purchase-money proved so advan- 
 tageous in every way, and gave such an impe- 
 tus to local building, that a great many dividends 
 will have to be paid before St. Louis will lose 
 one tithe of what it gained. And although 
 there are not wanting those who regret the plac- 
 ing of municipal bonds in London during the 
 current year, there are hundreds more who re- 
 joice in the evidence furnished of the city's ex- 
 cellent credit abroad, and who also recognize 
 the fact that had the bonds been subscribed for 
 locally, just so much money must have been 
 
 withdrawn from the home loaning capital, to 
 the probable curtailment of local enterprise and 
 business. In short, it is not an unmixed bless- 
 ing for a city to own itself, and the recognition 
 of this fact has proved of incalculable benefit to 
 New St. Louis in its fight for commercial su- 
 premacy — a fight which has been so overwhelm- 
 ingly successful, and which is still being waged 
 so gloriously and so well. 
 
 The preceding chapter closed with a brief 
 chronological summary of events in Old St. 
 Louis. This chapter cannot close more appro- 
 priately than with the record of some of the 
 "footprints in the sands of time " made by New 
 St. Louis. Each footprint marks a stride to- 
 wards improvement and perfection; a casting- 
 aside of things that were, and a pressing for- 
 ward to things that are to be. Reference is 
 only made to distinct and absolute reforms, or 
 movements in the direction of reform. 
 l.SSL 
 
 Commercial and Mercantile clubs established. 
 1S,Sl>. 
 
 Agitation for granite streets commenced. 
 
 First extensive street illumination. 
 
 18.s;5. 
 
 ExjDosition and Music Hall Association incor- 
 porated. 
 
 Active work commenced on repaying down- 
 town streets with granite. 
 LSS4. 
 
 First franchise granted for rapid transit ( Ca- 
 ble and Western). 
 
 Opening of Exposition Iluilding, and first an- 
 nual Exposition. 
 
 ISS.-). 
 
 fyround 1)roken for first lofty fire-proof office 
 building. 
 
 188(5. 
 
 First cable road operated. 
 
 Union Depot Company formed. 
 
 General activity commenced in building asso- 
 ciations. 
 
 1887. 
 
 Streets first sprinkled by municipal contracts. 
 
 Charter obtained for second bridge across the 
 Mississippi at St. Louis. 
 
lifANUFACrrRES. 
 
 27 
 
 St. Louis made a central reserve city for 
 national banks of other cities. 
 l.S8«. 
 
 Work commenced on new Water-works, ca- 
 pacity 100, 000, (>()() jrallons daily. 
 
 General movement inaugurated to build freight 
 depots on this side of river for eastern roads. 
 18 8 it. 
 
 Merchants' Bridge constructed. 
 
 First electric cars successfully operated. 
 
 Largest electric arc light works in the world 
 constructed. 
 
 1890. 
 
 ^Merchants' Bridge opened for traffic. 
 
 Foundation-stone of new City Hall laid. 
 
 Streets and alleys lighted by electricity. 
 l.SSIl. 
 
 First county electric road constructed. 
 
 New Mercantile Club Building commenced. 
 
 St. Louis Traffic Commission organized. 
 
 Work commenced on new Union Station. 
 
 Autumnal Festivities Association formed, and 
 more than $.")()l),()0(» subscribed. 
 
 1892. 
 
 Work commenced on New Planters' House, 
 S2, ()()(), 000 hotel. 
 
 Sixteen million dollars appropriated by Con- 
 gress for improvement of Mississippi river. 
 
 First postal street railroad carrun in the United 
 States on a St. Louis electric railroad. 
 
 New buildings erected with a total frontage 
 of thirty-nine miles. 
 
 Grand Columbian street illumination. 
 
 vSmoke Abatement Association formed. 
 
 181 
 
 Electric street car system completed, and last 
 horse car run down-town. 
 
 Legislation against black and gray smoke, and 
 first prosecutions under the ordinance. 
 
 National financial uneasiness. No bank or 
 other failures in St. Louis. 
 
 City four per cent renewal bonds placed in 
 London at par. 
 
 Largest Union Railroad Station in the world 
 practically completed. 
 
 CH APTKR III. 
 
 MANUFACTURES. 
 
 A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE IMMENSE IMPORTANCE OF THE MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF 
 
 NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 T HAS BEEN a.s.serted by political econo- 
 mists of every school, that production is 
 the only actual and reliable source of 
 wealth. E\ery nation that has attained 
 eminence of a permanent character has 
 done so by and with the aid of its manu- 
 factures; and every country which has gained 
 temporar}^ precedence by an\' other means has 
 found its glories transitory and its supremacy 
 short-lived. Statesmen and philosophers have 
 differed as to the best means of encouraging 
 
 home indu.stries, but while the word "protec- 
 tion" has acquired a political meaning, and 
 has become a party watch-word, every party in 
 every country claims that its policy is designed 
 to foster manufacturing in its own territory, and 
 to encourage the production of commodities of 
 every description at home. Especially is this 
 the case in a comparatively new country like the 
 United States. In the early struggles of colon- 
 ists and exiles, every luxury — including in the 
 term many articles which habit has made nee- 
 
2S 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 essaries of every-day life — had to be imported 
 from older countries, and the rise of the nation 
 in wealth and influence has been the immediate 
 and direct result of the increase in its manufact- 
 ures which, although slow at times, has always 
 been continuous. Adam Smith and Stuart 
 Mill, and indeed all authorities on political 
 economy, have proved that manufacturing and 
 greatness go hand in hand, and although the 
 majority of our statesmen during the last quarter 
 of a century, have favored measures at variance 
 in detail with the theories of these authorities, 
 the policy has invariably been to expedite man- 
 ufacturing supremacy. 
 
 And as it is with nations, so is it with cities. The 
 "boom" towns of the West, which built up in a 
 day, fell by the wayside almost as rapidly, because 
 the growth was not the result of legitimate de- 
 mand, and because the local manufacturing in- 
 dustry was not extensive enough to warrant or 
 maintain the growth. The solid substantial cities 
 of the East have, on the other hand, held their own 
 because of the practical monopoly they have en- 
 joyed in the production of commodities called for 
 by the entire country. St. lyouis owes its unique 
 prosperity to the same cause — to the immeuse- 
 ness of its manufactures and the rapid increase in 
 the amount of capital invested, wages paid, and 
 goods produced. The influences alluded to in 
 the preceding chapter made the manufacturing 
 greatness of the city possible, and the greatness 
 in turn has guaranteed the city a glorious future. 
 
 Up to the time when New St. L,ouis reared 
 its head and asserted itself over Old St. lyouis, 
 very little encouragement was offered to outside 
 capital or capitalists; and in a number of in- 
 stances enterprises of great value were in conse- 
 quence lost to the city. But as the manufactur- 
 ing public found that a new order of things pre- 
 vailed, immigration of the most advantageous 
 character set in. Firms and corporations came 
 from other cities and infused new life and energy 
 into our institutions, encouraging a spirit of 
 friendly rivalry and adding immensely to the 
 capacity and output. St. L,ouis is pre-eminently 
 the best adapted city on the continent for man- 
 ufacturing. Situated a short distance west and 
 
 soutli of the center of population, it offers ad- 
 vantages in the way of distribution second to no 
 other city, and its magnificent railroad and river 
 connections enable these advantages to be made 
 the most of. Raw material of every description 
 is close at hand, and coal, the great source of 
 mechanical power, is abundant and cheap. The 
 southern Illinois coal fields yield an unlimited 
 supply of excellent coal, which is delivered to 
 factories at prices which excite the envy of man- 
 ufacturers located elsewhere. The price varies 
 according to the side-track facilities and the 
 length of the haul, but contracts are now being 
 executed at prices as low as $1.20, and even less, 
 per ton. No other large manufacturing city can 
 offer such inducements as this, and in most of 
 them the cost of coal is at least twice as great. 
 Only the manufacturer realizes what an impor- 
 tant factor is the price of coal in his calculations, 
 and the advantage which the cheap and good 
 coal of St. Ivouis gives to the St. Louis j^roducer 
 over his competitors elsewhere. 
 
 The output of the coal fields, which are so 
 close to St. Louis that they are part and parcel 
 of its manufacturing greatness, is enormous, 
 amounting to thirty million tons annually. The 
 receipts of coal at St. Louis for the last ten years, 
 or since the city's awakening to the New St. 
 Louis idea, are worth placing on record, because 
 they show what immense increase has been 
 made in the consumption of the great power cre- 
 ating article without which mannfacturiug can- 
 not successfullv be carried on. 
 
 
 HituminousCoal. 
 
 AnthracUe Coal. 
 
 Coke. 
 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 IJushels. 
 
 lSS-5 
 
 5r,,687,225 
 
 52,000 
 
 6.956,500 
 
 1884 
 
 52,349 UOO 
 
 62,000 
 
 3,190.150 
 
 1S,S5 
 
 53,387,0(54 
 
 80,000 
 
 3,500,(100 
 
 1SS6 
 
 61.258,525 
 
 70,000 
 
 5,4(;3,9.-.0 
 
 1887 
 
 G6,. 524, 925 
 
 131,600 
 
 9,584,3.50 
 
 ISSS 
 
 67,676,875 
 
 136,600 
 
 (i, 757, 5.5(1 
 
 1889 
 
 65,403,025 
 
 121,500 
 
 8.04(i.2(10 
 
 1890 
 
 69,477,225 
 
 124,335 
 
 9,919,850 
 
 1891 
 
 72.078,225 
 
 139,050 
 
 6,921,2.-iO 
 
 1892 
 
 82,302,228 
 
 1S7,.S27 
 
 8,914,400 
 
 There are many other influences which have 
 combined to force New St. Louis to the front in 
 this all-important feature. These will be found 
 
MANl rPA CTURES. 
 
 29 
 
 enlartjed upon in other portions of this work. 
 It will suffice here to show briefly to what 
 (.ininence St. Louis has already attained as a 
 manufacturing city. 
 
 St. Louis has 6,000 factories. 
 
 It has the largest shot tower in America. 
 
 It has the largest iron jail factory in the world. 
 
 It has the largest stamping plant in the coun- 
 try. 
 
 It manufactures more tobacco than any other 
 city. 
 
 It manufactures more chairs than any other 
 city. 
 
 Its sugar refineries include the largest in the 
 world. 
 
 It has the largest cracker factory in the 
 world. 
 
 It is first iu the production of stoves and 
 ranges. 
 
 It has the largest woodenware factory iu 
 America. 
 
 It produces more boots and shoes than any 
 other city. 
 
 It has the largest and best equipped brewery 
 iu America. 
 
 It easily leads iu the nuiuufacture of saddlery 
 and harness. 
 
 The value of the product of bSSK) was double 
 that of ISSO. 
 
 It is the fifth largest manufacturing city in the 
 United States. 
 
 It has the largest terra cotta factory in the 
 I'nited States. 
 
 Its factory employes earn an average of about 
 $inH), 000 a day. 
 
 It leads in the manufacture of street cars of 
 every description. 
 
 It has the largest boot and shoe factory under 
 one roof in the Union. 
 
 It is the only western cit\- manufacturing 
 silverware to any extent. 
 
 Its reclining chairs are in use in railroad cars 
 in ten different countries. 
 
 It is the third largest furniture manufacturing 
 cit\- in the United States. 
 
 Its factories find employment for oue-si.vth of 
 the city's total population, 
 
 It manufactures more coffins and caskets than 
 any other city iu the world. 
 
 It has recently executed the largest order for 
 steam railroad cars ever placed. 
 
 It has the largest jeans factory in the United 
 States, and probably in the world. 
 
 It manufactures one-fourth of the entire to- 
 bacco product of the United States. 
 
 It manufactured street cars which are in daily 
 use in England, Australia and Japan. 
 
 Its monthly manufactured product is sold for 
 sufficient to pay off the entire city debt. 
 
 It is the fourth largest producer of men's 
 clothing, and leads iu the higher grades. 
 
 It has the largest press brick, fire brick and 
 sewer pipe factories iu the United States. 
 
 It is first iu the manufacture of white lead, 
 with the largest white lead factory in the world. 
 
 It has a tobacco factory which has paid more 
 government tax than any other factory in the 
 Union. 
 
 It is the home of the largest electric arc light 
 plant and the largest incandescent station in 
 America. 
 
 Its millers manufacture more flour than those 
 of any other city in the world, with but one 
 exception. 
 
 It manufactured more of the glass used in the 
 World's Fair buildings than any other three 
 cities combined. 
 
 Its manufactures are more extensive than those 
 of Kansas City, Omaha, Denver and San Fran- 
 cisco combined. 
 
 Its annual manufactured product, on a cash 
 valuation, is twelve times as great as the city's 
 bonded indebtedness. 
 
 Its manufactured product is equal in value to 
 over $400 per annum per inhabitant, including 
 men, women and children. 
 
 It is the greatest distributing point for agri- 
 cultural machinery, and ranks among the larg- 
 est manufacturing cities in this specialty. 
 
 Its factory employes are 25 per cent more 
 numerous than when the census was taken in 
 1890, as proved by the State Labor Commis- 
 sioner's report, published early in the winter of 
 1893. 
 
30 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 THE GAIN IN . This list does not 
 
 mchide every indus- 
 
 EASTERN CITIES DURING ^ . ' ,. , 
 
 try or factory \vhich 
 THE EIGHTIES. i.,' a record-breaker. 
 
 It is rather typical than complete, and is given 
 for the purpose of showing that \vhen the state- 
 ment is made that St. Louis is a manufacturing 
 monarch, there is not even a suspicion of exag- 
 geration. No other city ii'i the world can claim 
 such cosmopolitanism in its manufactures, and 
 no other city can produce such a showing of 
 excellence in such a vast number of varying lines 
 and branches. Nor are the claims a mere 
 matter of surmise. They are based upon actual 
 facts and figures recorded in the census of 18JtO 
 (Bulletin 170), and have hence the stamp of 
 official confirmation. The progress made since 
 the war has been both rapid and coutiniious. 
 In 1860, St. Louis ranked ninth in the list of 
 manufacturing cities. The returns for 1870 
 were so notoriously inaccurate that they are 
 worthless for purposes of comparison; but the 
 year 1880 found St. Louis in the sixth place, 
 with an annual product of $ 10-4,000,000. It was 
 still led by New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn 
 and Boston, in addition to which Chicago had 
 risen to third place. Pittsburgh was entirely dis- 
 tanced and Providence, Newark, Cincinnati and 
 Baltimore ^vere left far in the rear, St. Louis 
 having made a growth of about 400 per cent 
 for the twenty years as against their compara- 
 tively small increases. 
 
 During the eighties the influence of New 
 St. Louis made itself felt in a most decisive 
 manner in its manufactures, and during the de- 
 cade it made a greater increase than any of the 
 great Eastern centers of manufacture. Thus the 
 manufactured product doubled itself during the 
 ten years, while the increase in New York was 
 but fifty-six per cent, in Philadelphia seventy- 
 two per cent, in Cincinnati sixty-seven per 
 cent, and in Baltimore sixty-nine per cent. In 
 the amount of capital invested a comparison is 
 still more favorable to St. Louis, which made a 
 gain of 180 per cent during the decade while 
 the increase in New York, Philadelphia and 
 Baltimore averaged 100 per cent, and the gain 
 
 in Cincinnati was about seventy-seven per cent. 
 These j^henomenal gains easily placed St. Louis 
 in the fifth place, Boston being overtaken in the 
 race and only New York, Chicago, Philadelphia 
 and Brooklyn left in front of New St. Louis in 
 the race for manufacturing supremacy. 
 
 Chicago still leads St. Louis in manufactures. 
 It is not proposed in this work to go into details 
 over the battle royal between the metropolis of 
 the Northwest and the metropolis of the West 
 and Southwest. The contest has been of so long 
 duration and its discussion has become so tire- 
 some in consequence of the almost innumerable 
 charges and counter-charges made, that the sub- 
 ject can profitably be ignored. The territory of 
 each city is so different that there is ample room 
 for both and while Chicago has derived immense 
 advantage from the enormous growth of the 
 new States in the Northwest, St. Louis has the 
 benefit of the almost exclusive trade of the 
 equally important and even more promising 
 States of the West, Southwest and South. Omit- 
 ting Chicago from the calculation, we find 
 St. Louis by all odds the great manufacturing 
 head of the West. The value if its product is 
 almost twice as great as that of San Francisco, 
 three times as large as that of Minneapolis, six 
 times as large as that of Omaha, seven times as 
 great as either St. Paul or Kansas City, eight 
 times as large as Denver, twenty times as great 
 as St. Joseph, and so much larger than that of 
 any other Western manufacturing point as to 
 make calculations and comparisons impossible 
 and percentage tedious. The value of the man- 
 ufactured product of St. Louis is equal to the 
 combined output of San Francisco, Denver, 
 Omaha, Kansas City, St. Joseph and all other 
 strictly Western cities. 
 
 It is not desired to oc- 
 cupy space with a multi- 
 plicity of tables or com- 
 parisons, but the census 
 of 18SI0 being necessarily the basis ujjon which 
 a treatise on the city's manufactures has to be 
 based it is necessary to give a table showing the 
 totals in the most important lines of industry. 
 This is given on the following page: 
 
 THE RECORD 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ELEVENTH CENSUS. 
 
MANUFA CTURES. 
 
 31 
 
 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN ST. LOUIS, 
 
 CENSUS OF 1890. 
 
 INDUSTRIES. 
 
 No.rt^ 
 
 Establish- 
 ments. 
 
 Capital 
 Employed. 
 
 Value of 
 Product. 
 
 Agricultural Impl'jnts. 
 
 4 
 
 $ 686,484 
 
 1 1,107,454 
 
 Ba>'s, Paper 
 
 
 174,425 
 
 431,228 
 
 Bak'g and Yeast Powdr 
 
 14 
 
 3; 3,' 181 
 
 403,772 
 
 Blacksmithiug and 
 
 
 
 
 Wheelwrighting 
 
 219 
 
 406,121 
 
 898,177 
 
 BookbiudingaudBl'nk 
 
 
 
 
 Book Making 
 
 14 
 
 196,618 
 
 336,227 
 
 Boots and Shoes 
 
 24 
 
 4,170,027 
 
 4,250,961 
 
 Bread and other Bak- 
 
 
 
 ery Products ... 
 
 291 
 
 1,244,167 
 
 3,597,392 
 
 Brick and Tile 
 
 38 
 
 2,.531,128 
 
 1,691,692 
 
 Carpentering 
 
 407 
 
 4,364 659 
 
 10,364,922 
 
 Carriages and Wagons 
 
 114 
 
 2,523,448 
 
 3,603,735 
 
 Cars iRailroad, Street 
 
 
 
 
 and Repairs) 
 
 24 
 
 2.4.53,443 
 
 5,641,252 
 
 Chemicals 
 
 Iti 
 
 1,500,068 
 
 2.672,749 
 
 Clay and Pottery Pro- 
 
 
 
 
 ducts 
 
 i:i 
 
 939,996 
 
 899.855 
 
 Clothing, Men's 
 
 348 
 
 5,765,150 
 
 9.630,688 
 
 Coffee and Spices, 
 
 
 
 Roast'g and Grind'g 
 
 9 
 
 816,588 
 
 2,466,392 
 
 Confectionery 
 
 48 
 
 1,078,426 
 
 2,462,037 
 
 Cooperage 
 
 71 
 
 1,042,643 
 
 1,912,779 
 
 Flouring and Gri.t 
 
 
 
 
 Mill Products 
 
 21 
 
 4,320,955 
 
 12,641,000 
 
 Foundry and Machine 
 
 
 
 
 Shop Products 
 
 103 
 
 10,184,926 
 
 11,945,493 
 
 Furniture, Upholster- 
 
 
 
 
 ing and Chairs 
 
 121 
 
 3,108,211 
 
 4,658,546 
 
 Glass 
 
 5 
 
 842.354 
 
 838,930 
 
 Iron and Steel 
 
 G 
 
 2,655,199 
 
 2,513,761 
 
 Iron Works, Architect- 
 
 
 
 
 ural and Ornamental 
 
 23 
 
 1,732,748 
 
 2,023,526 
 
 Leather, Tanned and 
 
 
 
 
 Curried 
 
 l.i 
 
 682,753 
 
 1,-502,680 
 
 Liquors. Malt 
 
 8 
 
 15,910,417 
 
 16,185,500 
 
 Lumber and other Mill 
 
 
 
 
 Products and Logs 
 
 7 
 
 2.766,012 
 
 1,689,8.32 
 
 Lumber, Planing Mill 
 
 
 
 
 Products 
 
 23 
 
 1.860,036 
 
 3,061.178 
 
 Masonry, Brick and 
 
 
 
 
 Stone. 
 
 IGO 
 
 4,436.578 
 
 9.122.952 
 
 Oil, Linseed 
 
 3 
 
 1.018,562 
 
 1,438,201 
 
 Painting and Paper 
 
 
 
 
 Hanging 
 Paints 
 
 331 
 
 Sfi7,194 
 
 2,841.041 
 
 14 
 
 3,498,107 
 
 3,163,818 
 
 Patent Medicines and 
 
 
 
 
 Compounds 
 
 .58 
 
 1.601,999 
 
 2,196,416 
 
 Plumbers' Materials . 
 
 4 
 
 1,280,486 
 
 1,465,371 
 
 Plumb'g and Ga'ifit'g 
 
 124 
 
 581.067 
 
 1,651,169 
 
 Print'g and Publish'g 
 
 213 
 
 5.192,065 
 
 8,551,349 
 
 Saddlery and Harness 
 
 110 
 
 2,160,963 
 
 2.803,961 
 
 Slaughtering and Meat 
 
 
 
 
 Packing 
 Soap and Candles 
 
 60 
 
 3,274,671 
 
 12.047,316 
 
 10 
 
 806.301 
 
 1,203,406 
 
 Tin smithing. Copper 
 
 
 
 
 smithing and Sheet 
 
 
 
 
 Iron Working 
 
 132 
 
 1,132..588 
 
 2,369,540 
 
 Tobacco, C h e w i n g, 
 
 
 
 
 Smoking and Snuff 
 
 12 
 
 3.894.320 
 
 14,354,165 
 
 Tobacco, Cigars and 
 
 
 
 
 Cigarettes 
 
 296 
 
 787,520 
 
 1,558 401 
 
 All other Industries 
 
 2.G3-2 
 
 3.5,915 588 
 
 54,515.383 
 
 Total, 1890 
 
 6.148 
 
 5140,775,392 
 
 1228.714,317 
 
 Total, 1880 
 
 2,924 
 
 5 50,832,885 
 
 SI 14,333,375 
 
 The exact percentage of increase in the vari- 
 ous features is best ascertained by deducting 
 several minor industries not included in the 
 returns for 1880, which leaves the figures as 
 
 follows: 
 
 Number of establish- 
 ments reported 
 
 Number of hands em- 
 ployed 
 
 Capital invested 
 
 Miscellaneous expenses 
 
 Wages paid 
 
 Cost of materials used 
 
 Value at factory of goods 
 manufactured 
 
 1890. 
 
 $133,292,099 
 17,381,274 
 52,170,536 
 120,887.355 
 
 225,500,657 
 
 41,825 117.49 
 $50,832,885 162.22 
 
 17.743, .532 
 75,379,867 
 
 114,333.3731 97.23 
 
 The great reduction of prices in almost every 
 line accounts for the fact that although capital 
 and wages show an increase of 162 and 194 per 
 cent, the value of the product only increased 97 
 per cent. In actual weight and bulk the in- 
 crease was far greater. 
 
 The way in which St. Louis has gained on 
 the largest eastern manufacturing cities during 
 the last thirty years, is shown by the following 
 comparisons of the value of annual product: 
 
 New York . 
 
 f IStiO 
 ■ \ 1890 
 
 $1(50,000,000 
 770|000/)00 
 
 Philadelphi; 
 
 ( 18 HO 
 • \ 1890 
 
 13.5,000,000 
 577,000,000 
 
 Cincinnati . 
 
 f i8(;o 
 
 ■ \ 1M90 
 
 47,000,000 
 19(5,000,000 
 
 Boston 
 
 \ 18W) 
 • \ 1890 
 
 37,000,000 
 210,000,000 
 
 Brooklyn . . 
 
 f ISfiO 
 • \ 1890 
 
 34,000,000 
 269,000,000 
 
 Baltimore. . 
 
 [ 18(50 
 ■ \ ISIIO 
 
 29,000,000 
 141,000,000 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 f 18(50 
 • \ 1890 
 
 2(5,000,000 
 12(5,000,000 
 
 St. Louis . . 
 
 f 18(50 
 • 1 18110 
 
 27,000,000 
 228,000,000 
 
 In 18(50 the seven large eastern cities manu- 
 factured seventeen times as much as St. Louis ; 
 in 1890 St. Louis products equaled one-tenth 
 Ihe total for the seven cities combined. 
 
 Since 1860 the manufacturing output of the 
 
32 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 seven eastern cities has increased less than 500 
 per cent ; during the same period the increase 
 in St. Louis has been nearly one tlioiisand per 
 cent. 
 
 A glance at these figures shows how imposible 
 it is to exaggerate the greatness of the city in 
 the important detail of manufactures. It will 
 be observed that the percentage of increase in 
 the number of establishments rej^orted, the 
 number of hands employed, the capital invested, 
 the wages paid, the cost of material used, and 
 the value of the product varied from sixty to 
 nearly two hundred per cent, with an average 
 of over l')0 per cent. It will also be noted that 
 the greatest increase was in wages paid, a fact 
 which has a great deal to do with the jjopularity 
 of St. Louis manufactures. St. Louis has always 
 been noted for the high grade of workmanship 
 its products display, and this is the result in 
 large measure of the care exercised in its selec- 
 tion of mechanics, and the inducements offered 
 them over and above those held forth in other 
 cities. The sweating system is practically un- 
 known in St. Louis, which is also noted through- 
 out the entire country for the excellence of its 
 manufacturing plants and the modernness of its 
 machinery. 
 
 It would be interesting, if space permitted, to 
 trace in detail the causes which have led to the 
 center of American manufacturing leaving the 
 Atlantic States, but this would hardly come 
 within the province of an article of this char- 
 acter. One great reason for the growth of man- 
 ufactures of every kind is the marvelous increase 
 in population and wealth of the district of Avhich 
 St. Louis is the commercial and financial me- 
 tropolis. This will be found more fully enlarged 
 upon in the chapter relating to St. Louis as a 
 commercial metropolis and distributing point, 
 and it need only be said here that rapid as has 
 been the increase of the city's manufactures, it 
 has continued to act as a distributing point for 
 other manufacturing centers, and that in many 
 lines its jobbers actually import more goods 
 from other centers than in the days when our 
 manufacturing output was comparatively insig- 
 nificant. 
 
 TWO WA VS OP ^^ '''"''' ^" '^^ ^''" ^"^^"""^ 
 JMao-azinc in Januarv, \>SS)i. 
 LOOKING AT \ . , . , 
 
 speaking ot the marvelous 
 
 PLAIN FIGURES. ^^.^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^. g^^ ^ouis in 
 
 the census returns which had just been made 
 public, says, with a lingering remembrance of 
 the Old St. Louis idea, and with evident danger 
 of being classed as a town boomer or an extrav- 
 agant writer : 
 
 " I now come to speak of the great activity 
 which absorbed the working strength and ener- 
 gies of our people. The situation of St. Louis, 
 at the junction or two great rivers and at the 
 head of deep-water navigation, naturally sug- 
 gests trade rather than manufacture, yet, even 
 now, it is pre-eminently a manufacturing city. 
 The reports of the tenth and eleventh censuses 
 furnish figures which indicate in a most em- 
 phatic manner the growth and tendency of the 
 city in the direction of manufacture during the 
 past ten years. I dare not quote those fig- 
 ures here — they makeashowingso extravagantly 
 favorable as to suggest criticism. It is probable 
 that the business statistics for 1880 and those 
 for 18^10 were compiled in very different ways, 
 and that comparison should be made with cau- 
 tion." 
 
 This rather reminds one of the story of the 
 boy, who, coming home from school with a very 
 favorable report of his year's work, handed it 
 to his father with an apology for being at the 
 head of his class, explaining that the remainder 
 of the boys were inclined to be indifferent, and 
 that it was doubtful whether the system of 
 marking and awarding prizes was good enough 
 to be accepted as final proof of the superiority of 
 those at the top of the class, or the intellectual 
 inferiority or indifference of those at the bottom. 
 In striking contrast to this self-abnegation and 
 pessimism is the explanation which Mr. Robert 
 P. Porter, Superintendent of the Eleventh Cen- 
 sus, thought proper to add to the first informa- 
 tion ever given out concerning the results of the 
 industrial census of 1890. In an address before 
 the Commercial Club, on November 21st, 1891, 
 Mr. Porter went very fully into the returns, a 
 synopsis of which he had brought with him 
 
MAN UFA C n 'RES. 
 
 from Washington, and conchukd a thoroughly 
 conservative and logical argument with this 
 peroration: 
 
 " Have we not here in the tables which indi- 
 cate the story of ten years of municipal indus- 
 trial and commercial progress of a great center 
 of population many things which an organiza- 
 tion such as the Commercial Club of St. Louis 
 can rejoice and feel proud over ? In ten years 
 you have added over a hundred thousand to your 
 city population, an increase of nearly thirty jier 
 cent ! The mileage of railroads tributary to 
 your city has gone frorii 35,000 to r)7,000 miles, 
 an increase of sixt\--one per cent, while the 
 mileage centering in the city has increased over 
 10,000 miles, and is now more than i.'),000 
 miles. You received in ISiiO 1,"), 000, 000 tons of 
 freight, an increase of 6,400,000 tons over 
 18S0. In spite of the change from water to 
 rail, your waterways are still a source of profit 
 and can be made still more so. Over $70,000,000 
 has sought investment in new industry since 
 1«.S0. Over 44,000 additional artisans have 
 been given employment, making a total of about 
 8(5,000 engaged in manufacturing occupations. 
 You are distributing annually nearly $.50,000,000 
 in wages, and have increased your pay-rolls 
 $30,000,000 since 1880. The value of the 
 manufactured product has grown from about 
 $114,000,000 to nearly $214,000,000, a gain of a 
 cool hundred million dollars. And in the fact 
 that the number of children employed in your 
 industry has decreased can be discerned humane 
 sentiment with this increased prosperity. Your 
 municipal finance is sound; 3'ourdebt is decreas- 
 ing, and your v/ealth is $141,000,000 greater 
 than when the last national inventory was 
 taken. 
 
 "These are the simple official facts. They are 
 not presented with local coloring, but the data 
 had been collected by government agents under 
 the strict rules which apply to all other com- 
 munities, and for comparison with all other 
 cities under a system, the tendency of which 
 must necessarily be to understatement rather 
 than overstatement. Within a few days you, 
 ^s citizens of this fair and progressive city and 
 
 of the United States, will be called upon to give 
 thanks for the numerous blessings which Al- 
 mighty God has bestowed upon the people of 
 this country. Is it presuming too much to ven- 
 ture the suggestion that the continued pros- 
 perity of your own city, as shown by the elev- 
 enth census, should come in for at least a share 
 of your gratitude, and that you may view with 
 a spirit of fairness a census that has announced 
 to the world such gratifying facts about the 
 great Southwestern river city of the American 
 Continent?" * 
 
 This quotation, from what may be described 
 as an official speech by a thoroughly impartial 
 government official, should surely be accepted 
 as proof positive that the figures relating to the 
 manufactures of St. Louis, as published in the 
 eleventh census, may be relied upon. If any- 
 thing, they understate rather than overstate the 
 increase in the manufacturing importance of 
 St. Louis, because it is a notorious fact that a 
 higher standard was adopted in deciding what 
 was and was not a manufacturing estalilishment. 
 Thus while many small workshops and factories 
 were omitted from the calculations of 1890, in 
 1880 very little discrimination was used, and 
 the 2,924 establishments then reported included 
 some far below the standard adopted ten years 
 later. But the census returns for 18!)0 show 
 how marvelously the New St. Louis idea had 
 taken hold of the city, and how success already 
 achieved was acting as an inducement for fur- 
 ther effort. The St. Louis GIobc-Doiiocral, 
 commenting editorially on Mr. Porter's speech, 
 said: 
 
 "The truth is, St Louis has only just begun 
 to improve her opportunities and to realize upon 
 the profits that logically belong to her. She 
 possesses certain advantages that cannot be 
 taken away from her by any act of hostility, 
 and she is learning how to make the best prac- 
 tical use of them. There are no lurking dau- 
 
 * Mr. Porter spoke from the draft returns, several weeks 
 before their final revision and publication. Hence his fig- 
 ures differ slightly from those in the official bulletin, the 
 latter being more favorable to St. Louis than those quoted 
 by the .Superintendeat iind upon which he calculated his 
 percentage§. 
 
31 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ST. LOUIS BOOT 
 
 AND 
 SHOE FACTORIES. 
 
 gers in her financial and commercial system. It 
 is entirely sound and equal to all emergencies. 
 There will be a continuance of past success, 
 with new triumphs of skill and energy. The 
 progress of St. Louis, in short, is one of the 
 fixed facts of American civilization, and her 
 citizens have every reason to be satisfied and 
 grateful." 
 
 Passing from St. L,ouis 
 manufactures generally to 
 the various lines in which 
 the most remarkable prog- 
 ress has been made, and in which St. Louis 
 most particularly excels, it is natural to deal 
 first with shoes, because in this line the gain 
 has been phenomenal. Old St. Louis made 
 very few shoes, and during the seventies little 
 advance was made in this industry. At that 
 time New England had a practical monopoly in 
 shoe manufacturing, and the idea of the west 
 producing a rival to Boston and Lynn had never 
 been thought of. Now, however, St. Louis has 
 the largest shoe factory under one roof in the 
 country, with others almost as large and as well 
 equipped, and it manufactures more shoes than 
 any other single city in the LTnion. The accu- 
 racy of this assertion has been challenged, and 
 it is undoubtedly true that Boston is still the 
 greatest distributing point for boots and shoes 
 in America, and probably in the world. But 
 Boston is situated in the midst of a shoe manu- 
 facturing district, and by actual count it docs 
 not produce within its city limits as many shoes 
 as its once despised but now powerful western 
 rival. 
 
 In IfSiSO there were 1«4 establishments in St. 
 Louis devoted to the manufacture of boots and 
 shoes. The capital invested was less than 
 $700,000, and the number of men employed 
 was only 658, with 217 girls and 197 children. 
 The aggregate product was about $1,600,000. 
 It will thus be seen that the average number of 
 men per factory was less than four, and that the 
 annual value of the product was less than $10,000 
 per establishment. It is evident from these fig- 
 ures that the bulk of the establishments reported 
 were practically retail stores with a custom- 
 
 made connection, and, indeed, there were not in 
 St. Louis at that time any large factories in the 
 1893 sense of the term. To-day we have one 
 factory selling three times as many shoes as the 
 total product for the year 1880, and at least ten 
 which will each exceed that total within a very 
 short period. In 1882 St. Louis manufactured 
 less than half a million pair of shoes, but about 
 this period there was a distinct awakening, and 
 in 1886 about a million and a quarter pairs were 
 made, valued at about $2,000,000. For the 
 next four years the increase was rapid, and when 
 the census was taken again in 1890 the value of 
 the product was found to have increased to 
 $4,250,961, an increase over the figures of 18S() 
 so enormous as to make the most indifferent 
 wonder. 
 
 We have seen that l^.sn the average number 
 of men per factory was less than four, and that 
 the annual value of the product averaged less 
 than ten thousand dollars to each establishment. 
 In 1890 the average number of hands per fac- 
 tory was one hundred, and the average product 
 of each factory was nearly $140,000. The cus- 
 tom work and repairing shops, which were 
 classed as factories in 1880, were returned sep- 
 arately in 1890 and numbered 477. It will be 
 seen from these figures that the census enume- 
 rators in 1880 were much more lenient and less 
 exacting than those of 1890, and that during the 
 ten years St. Louis practically established what 
 may be termed a wholesale shoe manufacturing 
 industry, and brought it into the first rank. 
 vSince the census was taken in ISHO the output 
 has more than doubled. New factories, magni- 
 ficent in elevation and marvelous in internal ar- 
 rangement and equipment, have been erected 
 every year, and these have enabled the city to 
 outstrip more competitors. To-day the monthly 
 output is larger than the annual output tweh-e, 
 if not ten, years ago. In other words St. Louis 
 is manufacturing boots and shoes worth a mill- 
 ion dollars every month in the year, and is add- 
 ing to its capacity with a regularity and 
 persistency which indicates that before the 
 end of the present century it will have at- 
 tained an eminence in this line which will 
 
MANUFACTURES. 
 
 35 
 
 make it the j^reat iiianufacturin_<^ and distribut- 
 ing point of the bulk of the American continent. 
 Its factories are a subject of general admiration, 
 and are to be classed among the attractions 
 which excite the admiration and surprise of 
 \isitors from every section of the Union. 
 
 St. L,ouis-made boots and shoes are in demand 
 all over the western and southwestern terri- 
 tory, and they are shipped in very large num- 
 bers to all points, quite a large number of cases 
 going east and north every month. The shoes 
 have a reputation for durability and style. 
 Competing cities have sometimes stated that 
 St. Louis shoes are of a heavy type, and that 
 only the agricultural and laboring demand is 
 catered for. This is entirely erroneous. Boots 
 and shoes suitable for out-of-door work are made 
 in St. Louis and are of the highest grade, but 
 lighter and more elegant kinds are also produced 
 in immense quantities. St. Louis-made shoes 
 obtained the highest awards at the World's Fair, 
 and orders are received from connoisseurs as far 
 away as San Francisco and Montreal. Strange 
 to say a comparatively small percentage of the 
 local retail trade is supplied from St. Louis fac- 
 tories. There are various trade reasons for this 
 which time only can overcome. The president 
 of one of the largest shoe manufacturing corpo- 
 rations in the city, on being asked why it is so 
 difficult to obtain a single pair of the remarkably 
 fine shoes his house was producing in such large 
 quantities, said : 
 
 "This is a characteristic of the shoe trade all 
 over the world. Shoe dealers carry more coals 
 to Newcastle, to quote the favorite English 
 expression, than any other trade. We ship 
 immense quantities of shoes to cities which have 
 large factories of their own, and while we are 
 sending out cases by the thousand, we still 
 handle large shipments from New England. 
 We have never encouraged a local trade for our 
 maiuifactured product, because we have found 
 outside trade pays the best. If we were to sup- 
 ply the retail stores direct, we would have 
 errand boys and clerks, at all hours of the day, 
 asking for individual pairs of shoes of si)ccial 
 size and grade. As it is, our orders are much 
 
 more wholesale in character and suit the exi- 
 gencies of our trade much better." 
 
 The men's clothing manu- 
 
 MEN'S 
 CLOTHINQ. 
 
 facture of St. Louis is, at least, 
 ten times as extensive as is 
 generally supposed. Centralization is the pol- 
 icy in the shoe trade and it is quite easy to 
 appreciate the work that is done by the magnif- 
 icent factories which greet the eye on every 
 side; decentralization is the invariable policy of 
 the clothing manufacturer, who, instead of hav- 
 ing all his departments under one roof and close 
 at hand, finds it more profitable to give out his 
 work in sections to smaller factories or shops, 
 which make specialties of various lines of work. 
 This plan prevails in St. Louis, as elsewhere, 
 and hence there is very little to indicate that 
 the value of the product is already largely in 
 excess of ten millions per annum and increasing 
 rapidly. It is to the credit of the St. Louis 
 clothing trade that little or no shoddy goods are 
 made in the Southwestern metropolis. Woolen 
 goods of varying grades are chiefly made, large 
 quantities of cloth being imported from the Euro- 
 pean markets, mostly coming direct in bond 
 to the port of St. Louis. Special attention is 
 paid to cut and finish, and St. Louis clothes 
 are shipped to those markets which appreciate 
 a high grade of goods. 
 
 Mention has already been made of the fact 
 that the sweating system is discountenanced in 
 St. Louis. In no other line of industry is this 
 fact so apparent as in men's clothing. From 
 time to time exposures have been made of the 
 disease-breeding hovels in which home work in 
 the clothing trade is performed in the large 
 cities of the East and of Europe. Careful in- 
 vestigations by labor commissioners, philanthro- 
 pists and others have failed to reveal a single 
 instance in St. Louis where this dangerous sys- 
 tem prevails. The business is in the hands 
 of men of exceptional intelligence and integ- 
 rity, and it is their special care that every 
 garment given out by them shall be made and 
 completed in a properly constructed and venti- 
 lated room. The clothing trade generally ap- 
 preciates this policy, which is in a large measure 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 responsible for the ever-increasinji; popularit}' of 
 St. Louis-made clothes. 
 
 In further evidence of the high grade of the 
 product in this line, it may be stated that ship- 
 ments are made to States as far removed from 
 St. Louis as Georgia, California and Washing- 
 ton. An interesting contest has been going on 
 for years between New York and St. Louis for 
 the trade of Texas. It is now practically over, 
 St. Louis having well-nigh driven its eastern 
 competitor from the field. The increase in the 
 orders from this and other Southwestern States 
 are causing phenomenal growth in the St. Louis 
 clothing trade. Already the city has the largest 
 jeans factory in America, and projects are in 
 contemiilation which will gi\e it equal promi- 
 nence in other branches of this industry. 
 
 Among the other indus- 
 tries which mav be classed 
 
 FVRNITVRB AND 
 CHAIRS. 
 
 as domestic in character, 
 the furniture manufacture of St. Louis must be 
 specially mentioned as typifying the exceptional 
 growth of the city's commercial interests. Its 
 steady and continuous growth is due largely to 
 the excellent work done by the St. Louis Fur- 
 niture Board of Trade, one of the most useful 
 trade organizations in the city. Mr. George T. 
 Parker, Secretary of the Board, expresses the 
 situation very accurately when he says: "Up to 
 ten years ago St. Louis was not known as nuich 
 of a furniture manufacturing city; now it is one 
 of the foremost. Within ten years this indus- 
 try has increased over a hundred per cent. The 
 advance of the city in all lines during the last 
 decade has been partly responsible for this; but 
 to the aggressive and progressive nature of the 
 men who managed this branch of industry is due 
 the present business of fully twenty millions." 
 It is only necessary to glance at the census 
 returns of 1880 to see how phenomenal has been 
 the growth of this business. There were in that 
 year but seventy-two establishments, employing 
 about one thousand hands, to whom were paid 
 about half a million dollars a year in wages. 
 Now the number of establishments is at least 
 one hundred and fifty, the number of men em- 
 ployed is considerably in excess pf three thou- 
 
 sand, and the annual disbursement in wages is 
 more than two millions. These figures include 
 the chair factories, which are even more remark- 
 able in their growth and individuality than the 
 establishments devoted to the production of fur- 
 niture of various kinds. Especially in reclining 
 chairs for railroads has St. Louis made itself 
 famous; and contracts involving thousands of 
 dollars in this line alone are constantly being 
 placed in the city, in which several valuable 
 patents are owned. 
 
 The exceptional advantages of St. Louis as 
 a lumber — especially hardwood — market, ha\e 
 helped to bringthe city from obscurity to promi- 
 nence in the matter of furniture manufacture, and 
 its central location also helps it to gain on 
 its competitors. It now occupies at least third 
 rank in manufacturing cities, and if the pres- 
 ent rate of progress is maintained it will soon 
 lead the entire country. Car loads of fur- 
 niture are shipped in every direction, and the 
 high reputation which the product of the city 
 has made for itself throughout the entire United 
 States, and also in Mexico, makes it comi^ara- 
 tively easy to obtain orders even in districts upon 
 which other manufacturing cities claim an iron- 
 clad mortgage. 
 
 The Furniture Board of Trade is entitled to 
 more than a passing notice. Its work has been 
 of a most valuable character, and one of its 
 latest achievements was the securing of the 
 National Furniture Convention for St. Louis in 
 18S»3. It maintains a credit department, which 
 has proved of immense value, and it has made its 
 influence felt in national legislation on more oc- 
 casions than one. From reports issued by this 
 body it is shown that more chairs are made by 
 three St. Louis factories than by all the factories 
 combined in any other city in the country. 
 In kitchen safes it makes more than all the 
 rest of the United States; and the spring bed 
 industry is remarkably large. The railroad 
 car chairs already refei'red to are being used in 
 cars and " coaches " in India, Russia, England, 
 Australia and South America, and the Board of 
 Trade i.s now in negotiation with other countries 
 not generally looked upon as accessible, but 
 
MANUFACTURES. 
 
 wliicli offer a iiiai^nificent market. Amon<r the 
 accessories to the furniture trade which are 
 speciall)- proniiuent, uiay he mentioned the man- 
 ufacture of cofhns and caskets, in which St. Louis 
 easily leads the entire country. 
 
 It is difficult to estimate 
 
 IRON AND KINDRED 
 INDUSTRIES. 
 
 the actual extent of the 
 iron and kindred indus- 
 tries of St. Louis, owing to the fact that the 
 number of branches is so great that the figures 
 are necessarily freely subdivided. Under the 
 head of "Iron and Steel" the census returns six 
 large establishments, with a total capital em- 
 ployed of a little over §2,500,000, and with an 
 output about as large. This, however, does not 
 begin to cover the local trade, for under the 
 head of "Architectural and Ornamental Iron 
 Work," there is found the record for 18!(0 of 
 twenty-three establishments, employing a capi- 
 tal of $1,700,000, and with a total output of 
 about $2,000,000. Under "Foundry and Ma- 
 chine Shop Products," the record is still greater, 
 the figures for l.S'.Kj showing that there were 10;> 
 establishments in operation, with a capital of 
 upwards of $10,000,000, and with a total pro- 
 duct of about $12,000,000. To produce this, 
 (i\er 6,000 men were employed, and their earn- 
 ings for the one year approximated 84,000,000. 
 Even under the head of "Bolts, Nuts, Wash- 
 ers and Rivets," four establishments are re- 
 corded, with a capital of more than a quarter of 
 a million, and an output of similar value; and it 
 wciuld appear as though $20,000,000 would be a 
 small estimate of the total product in the iron 
 and steel and kindred industries, which find 
 employment for millions of dollars of capital 
 and for an almost unlimited amount of labor. 
 In ISSO, Governor Johnson, in an address before 
 the State Immigration Convention, spoke of St. 
 Louis as the "Center of the World's trade, the 
 future metropolis of the World's Empire, the 
 fa\ored child of the mighty Valley of the Mis- 
 sissippi, the City of the Iron Crown." Since 
 that time great progress has been made in the 
 imn and steel industry throughout the country, 
 and although, perhaps, the gain has not been 
 so phenomenal as the eloquent speaker desired 
 
 or anticipated, yet it has been great enough to 
 more than justify his remarks. Certain it is, 
 that within easy distance of St. Louis there is 
 an abundance of iron ore sufficient to supply the 
 requirements of the world for generations to 
 come, with every indication of still greater un- 
 discovered supplies. The unlimited supplies of 
 coal, timber and water-power, and other similar 
 aids to manufactures of this character, make it 
 appear probable that St. Louis will eventually 
 outpace all competitors in the race and become 
 the leader in iron, as in other industries. 
 
 St. Louis commenced the manufacture of iron 
 nearly eighty years ago, and although the pro- 
 duction was on a very limited scale it had the 
 effect of introducing other work of a simihrr 
 character. Foundries came to be erected, and 
 man}' thousands of wagon-boxes and tires were 
 manufactured here during the first quarter of 
 the present century. Foundries on a larger 
 scale were established about the year 18;30, and 
 long before the middle of the century' the city 
 had assumed quite an activity in the iron trade. 
 Agricultural implements, and ever\thing in 
 which iron was used to any large extent, began 
 to be manufactured in large quantities, and 
 about the j-ear 18.")0 the magnificent resources 
 of the Iron Mountain began to be appreciated. 
 The splendid furnaces and rolling mills belong- 
 ing to the Chouteau family began to exert an 
 influence over the city's trade, and in 18,3(5 a 
 careful estimate showed the existence in the 
 city of as many as thirty iron works, with a 
 total output of about $5,000,000. The amount 
 of pig metal mined and produced at this early 
 period exceeded 100,000 tons a year, and all 
 through the sixties and seventies the business 
 was pressed to full advantage. 
 
 In agricultural machinery St. Louis is well to 
 the front, and many of its specialties are in demand 
 in very remote centers. Some of the largest fac- 
 tories in this line to be found in the entire 
 country are situated in St. Louis, and the high 
 standard of work, in every detail, keeps np 
 the demand. Travelers through Mexico have 
 been struck with the very general use in that 
 country of agricultural machinery made in 
 
38 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 RAILROAD SUPPLIES 
 
 AND 
 
 STREET CARS. 
 
 St. Louis; and in all parts of the rich agricultural 
 country in St. Louis territory, the products of 
 our local factories are appreciated at their full 
 worth. As soon as more intimate trade rela- 
 tions with Mexico and the Spanish-American 
 republics are encouraged by a mutual reduction 
 of tariffs, a further immense impetus will be 
 given to this business, and St. Louis will easily 
 maintain its position as a manufacturing point 
 for agricultural machinery of every kind. In 
 carriages and wagons, which are in a measure 
 connected with this industry, St. Louis has been 
 prominent and famous for years, and the increase 
 in its output since the census of 1880 has been 
 a subject of general comment in trade circles 
 everywhere. 
 
 In cars of every de- 
 scription, the city is a 
 producer on a thorough- 
 ly wholesale plan. Its 
 railroad supply houses execute orders from rail- 
 roads with headquarters in cities many miles 
 distant, and the output of cars, both freight and 
 passenger, is very large. It is an interesting 
 fact to record that, within the last two years, 
 one of the prominent factories has executed a 
 larger order for cars than was ever given, at one 
 time, to any other factory in America. The 
 growth in this industry has been stupendous. 
 It is estimated that the value of the output dur- 
 ing the year 1892 exceeded $8,000,000, and this 
 is i:)robably correct, although, if accessories were 
 added, the total would be much larger. The 
 census of 18S0 only recorded the existence of 
 seven establishments in this line, which were 
 credited with employing a capital of some 
 $314,000, and with having 601 men on their 
 pay-rolls. The value of the output was placed 
 at a little over a million dollars. In 1890 
 twenty-four firms were returned in the govern- 
 ment census, their combined capital was stated 
 at $2,500,000, and the number of men and boys 
 on their pay-rolls approximated 3,000. They 
 paid, in wages alone, nearly twice the sum total 
 of the product of 1880, and the total result of 
 the year's work was placed at a trifle less than 
 $G, 000, 000. These figures are very conserva- 
 
 ti\e, and the estimate for 1892 is much more 
 nearly accurate than the official record for 189U. 
 
 In the manufacture of street cars St. Louis 
 easily leads the world. Prior to the war the 
 city turned out large numbers of passenger- 
 carrying vehicles, and even during the war a 
 very extensive stage-coach, omnibus and transfer 
 business was done here. At the close of the 
 war a fresh impetus was gi\en to the business, 
 and for the first time St. Louis vehicles began 
 to acquire prominence in the country. Other 
 large western cities commenced to manufacture 
 omnibuses and similar vehicles, but they did 
 not possess either equal advantages or similar 
 enterprise, and St. Louis soon forged to the 
 front and secured a foremost position, which it 
 has held ever since. Mechanics of ability were 
 attracted here, and, when late in the sixties an 
 improved type of street cars was produced, at- 
 tention was attracted from all parts, and the new 
 type of vehicle came to be regarded as a stand- 
 ard one. During the fifteen or twenty years 
 which followed, street cars of every description 
 were manufactured here, and improvements of 
 every character were introduced. The demand 
 for bobtail cars was met by the manufacture of 
 these somewhat unsatisfactory vehicles, and so 
 many St. Louis improvements were introduced 
 that they lost much of their original unpopu- 
 larit\-. 
 
 The introduction into St. Louis of rapid 
 transit, some six or eight years ago, led to another 
 marked revival in this industry, and the re- 
 sources of the establishments were soon taxed to 
 their utmost to meet the demands of the ener- 
 getic street railway presidents, who insisted on 
 getting the best of everything, regardless of 
 price. Some of the cars in use on local street 
 railroads at the present time are uneqnaled, and, 
 indeed, scarcely imitated in any other city, and 
 so many patents have been produced here that 
 the name of St. Louis is identified with nearly 
 all of the best types of street railroad cars to be 
 found in any cit\- in the Union. 
 
 Very large shipments are made from time to 
 time to Chicago, some of the roads in that cit\- 
 having been equipped exclusively by St. Louis 
 
MANUFACTURES. 
 
 39 
 
 houses. The awakening in New York in favor 
 of surface rapid transit has also been felt in 
 an advantageous manner in St. Louis, orders of 
 a very large character having been placed here 
 during the last two or three years. Boston, 
 Baltimore, Washington, Columbus, Cleveland, 
 Kansas City, Denver, Salt Lake City, Milwau- 
 kee, Detroit, Minneapolis and St. Paul have 
 all looked to this city for street railroad supplies, 
 and extensive shipments have also been made fre- 
 quently to extreme southern points, such as New 
 Orleans and Galveston, to saynothingof such dis- 
 tant cities as Los Angeles, Portland and Tacoma. 
 Nor is the popularity of St. Louis street cars 
 confined to the United States. A good lesson 
 in geography can be learned by a glance over 
 the shipping books of any one of the gigantic 
 street car factories of this city. England buys 
 from St. Louis freely, while there are now 
 running on Australian streets, cars made in the 
 northern portion of St. Louis. A year or two 
 ago an order was received and executed whereby 
 the subjects of the Mikado of Japan were given 
 an insight into the progress made by the street 
 car builders of America in general, and of St. 
 Louis in particular. 
 
 St. Louis is by far the best 
 saddlery and harness center in 
 HARNESS. ^^^ United States. When it 
 was merely a frontier town it commenced the 
 manufacture of saddles and harness for the use of 
 immigrants and pioneers, and when the war 
 broke out the number of people engaged in the 
 business v/as considerable. During the war im- 
 mense orders were placed in St. Louis for army 
 saddles and harness, and this is one of the few 
 industries which in consequence did not suffer 
 materially from the national disaster. During 
 the last quarter of a century the business has 
 assumed immense proportions, and a careful re- 
 view of the transactions of the twelve exception- 
 ally large factories of St. Louis, and of the many 
 smaller ones, indicates that the annual value of 
 the output is now a little more than $5,000,000. 
 The trade is very varying in character. St. 
 Louis has a practical monopoly of the business 
 in the Western and Southwestern States, and to 
 
 SADDLERY AND 
 
 these it ships saddles of the Texan or Mexican 
 type of the most elaborate character, some of 
 them heavy enough in themselves to provide 
 what would appear to be quite a considerable 
 load for the little animals on which they are usu- 
 ally fitted. But the trade is not by any means 
 restricted to heavy saddles for cowboys and 
 farmers. Some of the best retail establishments 
 in New York obtain their supplies from St. 
 Louis, which also ships to points as far distant 
 as British Columbia and even Europe. Light 
 racing saddles of great popularity are made in 
 the city, and harness of every description is also 
 produced. One of the largest whip factories is 
 to be found here, and in every department act- 
 ivity prevails. During the last eight or ten 
 years the practice of sending out of the city for 
 supplies needed in these kindred trades has en- 
 tirely died out, and now nearly everything 
 required is made at home, and an additional 
 impetus thus given to other branches of the 
 leather industry. 
 
 STOVES AND ^°^ ^^^ stoves, ranges and fur- 
 naces St. Louis was famous long 
 before it took first rank among 
 manufacturing cities, and it has maintained its 
 supremacy to this day. The history of the in- 
 dustry is the history of the lives of some of its 
 best-known citizens, and it is full of facts which 
 are far stranger than fiction. The value of its 
 output in these lines is considerably in excess 
 of two millions per annum, and is increasing, not 
 every year, but every month. The largest fac- 
 tory in the world devoted to this class of manu- 
 facture is situated in St. Louis, and the name of 
 the city is a bj'-word with all who handle stoves 
 or ranges of any description. There are no ge- 
 ographical limits to this trade, St. Louis ships 
 to every State in the Union, and to all parts of 
 the American continent. Europe has been slow 
 in appreciating the value and convenience of 
 American stoves and ranges, but of late years 
 St. Louis has shipped many of its best products 
 in this line to London and other trans-Atlantic 
 markets. St. Louis ranges swept everything 
 before them at the World's Fair, and came back 
 loaded down with blue ribbons. 
 
40 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 THE LEAD INDUSTRY 
 
 IN 
 
 DIFFERENT BRANCHES. 
 
 St. Louis is the larg- 
 est white lead manu- 
 facturing city in the 
 world, and it continues 
 to increase its output every year. The annual 
 yield nov/ exceeds 30,000 tons in weight and 
 $4,000,000 in value. The three largest facto- 
 ries in the country are in the city, and their ca- 
 pacity appears to be unlimited. The figures 
 would be even more astounding but for trade 
 combinations which have had an effect on prices 
 and restricted the output throughout the entire 
 countr}'. Pig lead had been held for too great 
 an advance, and this had the effect of putting 
 up the price of white lead too high, giving the 
 dealers in mixed paints an opportunity to com- 
 pete more bitterly than ever. The heavy floods 
 in the Mississippi Valley of two or three years 
 ago also had a depressing effect on this industry, 
 which however has nearly regained lost ground 
 and is now in a very flourishing condition, with 
 annual shipments of white lead amounting to 
 something like forty million pounds, as com- 
 pared with fourteen millions in 1880 and twenty- 
 one millions in 1 .S8(!. The trade is one in which 
 great variation in the annual output is unavoid- 
 able, but the general tendency in St. L,ouis is 
 decidedly in the right direction, and there is no 
 fear of the city's claim to supremacy being 
 challenged in the long run. 
 
 Another branch of the lead business which 
 has shown even more remarkable and satis- 
 factory increase is lead pipe and sanitary supplies 
 generally. One of the largest plumbers' sup- 
 plies establishments in the world is located in 
 St. Louis, with a large branch in an Illinois city. 
 It has advertised St. Louis throughout the 
 entire labor world by the successful efforts of its 
 controllers to introduce the profit-sharing sys- 
 tem into its pay-rolls. One effect of this act of 
 genuine philanthropy has been to so popularize 
 and strengthen the local trade that it is very 
 unusual for any supplies to be obtained from out 
 of tlie city, in spite of the fact that some of the 
 eastern factories boast themselves of being the 
 best in the world; and besides establishing a 
 practically local monopoly, the enterprise of the 
 
 establishments has enabled them to make vigor- 
 ous inroads into the territory of New York and 
 Boston manufacturers, shipments in this line of 
 business going daily to the Atlantic and Pacific 
 Coasts and even to foreign countries. 
 
 In the South and Southwest St. Louis is 
 known as a great sanitarj- plumbing center, and 
 in many lines of business the factories can hardly 
 keep up with the heavy orders their own enter- 
 prise has called forth. The more general incorpo- 
 ration of bath-room accommodations in private 
 houses, together with the enormous cpiantity of 
 plumbing called for in the commercial palaces 
 which are being erected in every part of 
 St. Louis, have also combined to keep the fac- 
 tories busy and to drive away any possible fear 
 that might exist as to the future of the city in 
 this regard. Improved methods in building, 
 which have enabled contractors to keep up their 
 work for the entire year instead of limiting their 
 operations to six or eight months in the spring, 
 summer and fall, have abolished the quiet time 
 which used to be looked for in the plumbers' 
 supplies industry in winter, and taken away the 
 possibility of catching up with orders in arrear 
 during the winter months. The capacity of the 
 factories has been steadily increased, and al- 
 though the sales of sanitary plumbing materials 
 now exceed four millions per annum, the supply 
 is ample without going out of the city for 
 assistance. 
 
 St. Louis is the largest shot manufacturing 
 and distributing center in the world. Nearly a 
 million dollars are invested in the shot towers, 
 and these convert into shot 6,000 to 10,00l» 
 tons of pig lead every year. The competition 
 in this line of business is heavy, but the local 
 manufacturers succeed in holding their own and 
 in doing a profitable business in spite of draw- 
 backs. The census of 1890 gave some interest- 
 ing information as to the capital employed and 
 the number of men engaged in the various in- 
 dustries connected directly with lead. This 
 shows that upwards of 4,000 men find employ- 
 ment in this line, to say nothing of an immense 
 number of others who are engaged in kindred 
 industries returned under other heads. 
 
MAN UFA C TURES. 
 
 41 
 
 St. Louis bricks are in de- 
 BRICK AND , , ,, ,, , 
 
 inand as far east as New \ ork, 
 SEWER PIPE. , . .1. . .1 
 
 as iar west as the towns on the 
 
 Pacific Coast, and as far north as Canada. The 
 clay fonnd in the neighborhood of St. Louis is 
 the finest in the country, and nearly 1UI),0()0 
 tons of it are shipped out of the city yearly, 
 though enough is kept at home to make St. 
 Louis one of the largest brick manufacturing 
 cities in the world. The clay is free from 
 gravel, and can be made into brick with the aid 
 of water and shovel alone. Such primiti\e 
 modes of construction have, however, been long 
 since superseded by machinery. One company 
 alone makes over 100, 000, GOO bricks in St. 
 Louis e\-ery year, and it is ahnost impossil.il e 
 to ascertain the actual total output, though it 
 far exceeds 200,000,000 annually. Hydraulic 
 press bricks are a specialty of St. Louis, and 
 their popularity throughout the entire country 
 is generally known. These, together with the 
 other most popular St. Louis-made bricks, are in 
 growing demand in all sections, and during the 
 year 1<S5I3 the capacity for manufacture was in- 
 creased to a most remarkable extent. 
 
 Other clay manufactures show almost equally 
 astounding totals for St. Louis. There is an 
 abundance of good fire clay to be found near the 
 city and, indeed, within its corporate limits. 
 Sewer pipe is also produced in immense quanti- 
 ties, the output exceeding fifty tons every year. 
 The local demand, which is always heavy, is 
 augmented by large orders constantly received 
 from all the central and Western States, and 
 there are, in addition, sales every year in New 
 England and on the Pacific Coast. This is an 
 industry which has made enormous strides dur- 
 ing the last fi.-w years. The exceptional value 
 of the trade is now generally admitted, and in- 
 quiries are being received from manufacturers 
 in all sections who are looking out for suitable 
 territory in which to carry on their business. 
 
 The C/ny Rtcord, published at Chicago, in a 
 recent re\-iew of the brick industry of the United 
 States, said: 
 
 "The increasing use of pressed brick in this 
 countr\- is due more largely to the growth of the 
 
 St. Louis manufacture of pressed brick than any 
 other cause. St. Louis ships pressed brick to 
 New York, New Orleans, San Antonio, Duluth 
 and Seattle. It is the head and front of the 
 pressed brick industry. Its product last year 
 was 220,000,000 brick. Fifteen years ago the 
 product was not 30,000,000, and these latter 
 figures include brick made by the old-time pro- 
 cess. One St. Louis company is the biggest 
 manufacturer of pressed brick in the world, and 
 has branch yards in several cities. It began 
 operations twenty-five years ago, with every 
 architect in the country opposed to pressed 
 brick. Now nearly all of the tallest buildings 
 in America are made of this material. The 
 St. Louis brickmaking capacity has increased 
 within fifteen years from 240,000 a week to 
 2,000,000. Nineteen hundred workmen are em- 
 ployed, and even in the East, where brickmaking 
 has at least reached something like the pro- 
 ficiency of the West, St. Louis brick is preferred, 
 though it must be purchased at an advance over 
 the price paid for native brick. There is some 
 virtue in the St. Louis clay, which also adds to 
 the quality of the brick. 
 
 " The fancy and ornamental brick trade was 
 not known there fifteen years ago. It is now a 
 great business. Over 2.50 different shapes and 
 designs are kept in stock. Gravel brick, un- 
 known, save in England, fifteen years ago, are 
 now made in St. Louis with as good success as 
 in England. The only terra cotta works in 
 St. Louis began in a small wooden building in 
 1882. Now they are shipping their product 
 East, West, North and South. A quarter of a 
 million represents their annual output. 
 
 "St. Louis leads in firebrick and fireclay 
 products. Fifteen years have shown wonderful 
 growth. The Cheltenham district produces 
 more fire clay sewer pipe than any other district 
 in the United States. The St. Louis output of 
 brick is but little behind the entire output of 
 the State of Ohio, and fire brick, gas retorts, 
 chimney tops, fire-proofing, crucibles, and sewer 
 pipe are the Cheltenham goods. The City of 
 Mexico, Monterey, and all the eastern cities use 
 its fire brick. It turns out, at full capacity, 
 
42 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 THE BREWERIES 
 OF ST. LOUIS. 
 
 manufactures. 
 
 three miles of clay sewer pipe a day. One 
 concern ships thirty-five to forty tons of fire 
 brick. St. Louis has the best fire clay out of 
 En.^land. Near Rolla, Missouri, is another great 
 deposit, even more refractor)' than that found 
 here in such inexhaustible quantities. There 
 are eleven fire brick firms. The shipments 
 last year were 9,329 cars of fire brick at $90 a 
 car, 747 cars of fire clay at $35 a car, and 2,211 
 cars of tile at $195 a car. The industry em- 
 2)lo}s 1,172 hands." 
 
 The beer brewing indus- 
 try of St. Louis ranks among 
 the most important of its 
 The city is one of the first beer 
 manufacturing cities in the world, and it boasts 
 proudly of the largest brewery in the United 
 States and the most magnificent brewery in the 
 world. At the world's competition at Chicago, 
 this year (bSDo), St. Louis beer won the high- 
 est award, scoring more points than the products 
 of any other city. This is an industry wdiich 
 has more than kept pace with the growth of the 
 city, a fact which a perusal of the followirig 
 extract from the Missouri Repiiblicau., of Sep- 
 tember 20, 1854, clearly indicates: 
 
 "St. Louis has about twenty-four breweries, 
 and every one of them has stored nearly twice 
 the quantity of ale, for this summer, that has 
 been made in any preceding one. As we are 
 informed by one of the largest dealers of this 
 article, the quantity may safely be reckoned at 
 forty thousand barrels of lager beer and, per- 
 haps, twenty thousand barrels of common beer. 
 By an average count, one barrel of about thirty 
 gallons gives about three hundred glasses. 
 Thus we have about twelve million glasses of 
 lager beer and about six million glasses of com- 
 mon beer. Common beer is sold at five dollars 
 per barrel and lager beer at seven dollars, that 
 is at wholesale. This will make the amount 
 received by the brewers: for lager beer, $290,- 
 000, and for common, $100,000. The retailers, 
 at five cents a glass, took in $600,000 for lager 
 beer, and $300,000 for the common article. 
 Just think of it, nearly a million dollars spent 
 in St. Louis, during one summer, for beer." 
 
 In LSGO, 122,400 barrels of lager beer, 85,500 
 of common beer, and 4,400 barrels of ale were 
 manufactured, worth at wholesale $1,500,000, 
 so that during the six years preceding the war 
 the brewing industry of St. Louis increased 
 with remarkable activity. Between 18(50 and 
 1870 the production of beer more than doubled 
 itself, and during the next seventeen years the 
 increase w'as nearly five hirndred per cent, for 
 at the present time the breweries of St. Louis 
 are producing fully 2,000,000 barrels, or more 
 than 60,000,000 gallons yearly. The following 
 table shows the increase, ^-ear by year, since 
 1877, with but one fractional decrease during 
 the entire period: 
 
 Year. 
 
 liarrels. 
 
 CJallons. 
 
 1877 - 
 
 1S79 '! 
 
 18S0 
 
 1881 
 
 \m, :.\-Z-..i^s:.:zz. 
 
 18S4 
 
 1885 
 
 18S6 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 ISflO 
 1801 
 l.slt2 - 
 
 471.232 
 
 521,684 
 
 613,667 
 
 828,072 
 
 959,236 
 
 1,069,715 
 
 1,100,000 
 
 1,12-2,265 
 
 1,086,032 
 
 1,280,091 
 
 1,383,301 
 
 1,482,883 
 
 1,546.587 
 
 1,856,883 
 
 1.810,812 
 
 1,961,449 
 
 14,008,192 
 16,172,204 
 19,023.077 
 25.670,232 
 29,7:«,3I3 
 33,661,165 
 34,100.000 
 34,790.215 
 83.666.992 
 39.682 821 
 43,557,.S72 
 46.710.815 
 4.S.717.490 
 58,4!)8.114 
 56.1.35,172 
 
 eo.su.oio' 
 
 The census returns for 1890 go more fully into 
 the growth during the eighties. Thus, in 1880 
 the capital invested in this industry was returned 
 at $4,000,000, iu.st one-fourth the total for 1890. 
 During the ten years the army of enii:)loycs in- 
 creased from 1,200 to 2,800, and the annual 
 wages from a little more than half a million to 
 two millions and a quarter. The value of the 
 product annually appears to be almost identical 
 w-ith the capital invested, and the increase dur- 
 ing the ten years was hence about four hundred 
 per cent. Se\-eral new breweries have been 
 started since the census was taken, and at the 
 present time the number of men employed ex- 
 
 *Tlie returns for 1893 could not be included in this 
 work. Taking the actual figures for November ami 
 estimatin.sj for December, the number of gallons would be 
 about 63,000,000. 
 
MANUFACTURES. 
 
 43 
 
 ceeds 8,700,* to whom there are paid in waj^es 
 at least two and a half million dollars. 
 
 There are about twenty-five large breweries 
 in St. Louis, in addition to several others which 
 are small only by comparison. Reference has been 
 made in the preceding chapter to the purchase 
 by the English syndicate of some fifteen of our 
 most prominent breweries. This transaction 
 was completed some five years ago, and the syn- 
 dicate has so increased the capacity of its enor- 
 mous plants that it now produces three-quarters 
 of a million barrels of beer annually, and can 
 increase its output to a million and a half bar- 
 rels when the demand makes it necessary'. The 
 purchase of the breweries by these capitalists 
 created quite a sensation, and called attention to 
 St. Louis in a variety of ways. The two largest 
 breweries held aloof from the transaction, and 
 could not be tempted by English gold. These 
 breweries are visited every year by thousands of 
 tourists, and a regular system of guides to pilot 
 the strangers over the immense plants is main- 
 tained. The large-st of them is in itself a small 
 town, in addition to which it maintains branches 
 in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh 
 and other cities, and the actual number of its em- 
 ployes exceeds 4,000. Shipments are made to 
 ^lexico, to West Indies, Central America, Brazil, 
 the Sandwich Islands, Australia, Japan, China 
 and other equally distant points. Quite recently 
 another attempt has been made "ay wealthy Lou- 
 don bankers to obtain control of the two mam- 
 moth breweries of St. Louis which have so far 
 reserved their individuality. The effort was not 
 successful, but the persistency of those making 
 ^.he offer cannot be regarded as other than a 
 vvell-merited compliment to a city which is just 
 beginning to be appreciated at its full worth in 
 the old world. During the years 185*0, ISiH 
 and l.s;t2 new establishments have been erected 
 in St. Louis, and increased competition has been 
 
 *State Labor Coiiiniissioner's Report, 1893. These cal- 
 culations exclude resident agents and salesmen, traveling 
 men, clerical help, etc. The Anheuser-Busch Biewery, 
 alone, finds eniplovment for more men than are returned 
 for all the breweries combined, but its vast army of ^^\\- 
 nlnvcs inchidi-i many hundred men who are not brewers 
 or actual producers. 
 
 created. St. Louis is not quite the greatest beer 
 producing city in America, but it does not fall 
 far below the leaders in this respect, and before 
 the century expires it will pass at least two of 
 the three cities which now lead it. 
 
 TOBACCO "'"^^ tobacco St. Louis leads 
 
 the entire country, a fact 
 Am ClOARS. ... , ., ^' 
 
 which can be easily proved by 
 
 reference to the returns made yearly to the gov- 
 ernment officers and to the amount of revenue 
 paid. Our largest tobacco house has the record 
 of paying a larger tax in a given period than 
 any other establishment, and it is certainly the 
 best equipped establishment of its kind in the 
 world. As long ago as ISiJO the city claimed 
 the largest tobacco manufacturing house in 
 the West, and from that time to this it has easily 
 maintained its supremacy, not only over the 
 West, but also the entire country. In IJSSO there 
 were in the city 222 establishments engaged in 
 the manufacture of tobacco or cigars, with a 
 capital of about one and a half million. The 
 number of hands employed was 2,(i27, and the 
 value of the product was less than $6,000,000. 
 The census for 1890 revealed the existence in 
 the city of 12 tobacco factories and 29(i cigar 
 factories, with a total product valued at about 
 §16,000,000. The way in which the govern- 
 ment revenue is collected makes it easy to ascer- 
 tain at any period the condition of the tobacco 
 industry. From the government returns it is 
 evident that St. Louis manufactures about one- 
 fourth the tobacco product of the United States. 
 The number of pounds now manufactured yearly 
 is about 60,000,000, worth nearly §20, 000, 000. 
 About 6,000 people are kept constantly ein- 
 plo)ed, and the popularity of St. Louis brands 
 is so great that they sell practically in every 
 part of the civilized world, and certainly in 
 even,- city of the United States. The animal 
 increase in the product varies from ten to fifteen 
 per cent, and, although the output was reduced 
 in 1892 by a disastrous fire, the returns for that 
 year showed a gain of upwards of 2,000,000 
 pounds. The New Jersey district, which comes 
 second to St. Louis in the returns, had for many 
 years a verj- valuable trade in the far West, but 
 
44 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 St. Louis factories have now secured a practical 
 monopoly of this trade, and, in addition, the de- 
 mand from Mexico and other Spanish-American 
 countries is largely on the increase. 
 
 The city is, of course, exceptionally well lo- 
 cated for a cigar jobbing center, and one house 
 in it handles more cigars than any one house in 
 any other city. From $3,000 to $5,000 is 
 paid weekly by manufacturers in the way of 
 duty, and there are now more than a million 
 cigars manufactured every week. About 30,000 
 pounds of snuff are placed on the market by 
 St. Louis houses every year. 
 
 Passing to a more indispensable article of 
 every-day life, it may be stated that St. Louis 
 is the third largest flour manufacturing city in 
 America, its output being exceeded only by 
 Minneapolis and Milwaukee. If the returns 
 from factories situated outside of the city limits, 
 but owned and operated by St. Louis millers, 
 are included, the city is second in the order. 
 The annual output of mills within the city 
 limits exceeds 1,000,000 barrels, to which should 
 be added 1,800,000 manufactured annuall\- at 
 mills situated at Alton, Litchfield, Belleville, 
 Red Bud, Nashville, Clinton, St. Mary's and 
 other points, but which are owned and operated 
 by St. Louis firms. The amount of flour han- 
 dled by millers and dealers has increased more 
 than fifty per cent since 188(>, and the industry- 
 is in as healthy condition as is possible with 
 wheat at the phenomenally low prices which 
 have prevailed for over a year. Even this low 
 price has its advantages, for it has enabled 
 millers to place flour in eastern and other mar- 
 kets hitherto closed against them. About half 
 a million barrels are shipped yearly to Europe, 
 about 38,000 to Canada, about twice that quan- 
 tity to Havana, by rail to Gulf points, in addition 
 to over 80,000 barrels sent down the river to 
 New Orleans and thence to Havana. About 
 80,000 barrels are shipped to eastern points, and 
 about 1,500,000 barrels to the Southern States. 
 It is impossible to 
 
 OTHER INDUSTRIES" 
 $54,514,383. 
 
 deal at length with the 
 immense mainifactur- 
 
 interests grouped in the table on a preceding 
 
 page as " other iudustries," with an aggregate 
 annual product valued at §54,514,383. Indeed, 
 if each industry were to be handled in detail an 
 entire work would be occupied. But there are 
 some points of especial interest in connection 
 with some of the trades not mentioned specific- 
 ally, which ought to be recorded. Thus, St. Louis 
 is one of the largest publishing centers in the 
 world, producing and binding an immense num- 
 ber of books. Its planing mill industry is one 
 of immense imjjortance, gaining in magnitude 
 every year. It is one of the largest candy and 
 cracker manufacturing cities in the world, be- 
 sides having within its corporate limits the larg- 
 est cracker factory in America. The first city 
 to have its streets lighted from end to end by 
 aid of electricity, the business in electric sup- 
 plies of every description has naturally grown 
 until to-day it has assumed a magnitude far be- 
 yond general acknowledgment. The value 
 of the output is $6,000,000 per annuni, and 
 shipments are made regularly to New York and 
 London. 
 
 Enough patent medicines are manufactured 
 in the city every year to either kill or cure the 
 entire population of a good-sized nation, and the 
 product of St. Louis chemical manufactories is 
 also enormous. The census returns show that 
 these two industries together have a product in 
 excess of $5,000,000 per annum, and this calcu- 
 lation is probably an undcr-statenient rather 
 than otherwise. In paints and oils its business 
 is constantly increasing, and in bags and bag- 
 ging it defies competition. Glass manufactured 
 in St. Louis was used almost exclusi\-ely in the 
 World's Fair buildings, a striking tribute to the 
 manufacturing greatness of St. Louis by its old- 
 time rival. One of the largest contracts for glass 
 ever issued was the one for the lights in the 
 enormous roof of the new Union Station, and 
 this contract was executed by a St. Louis house. 
 St. Louis was the first city to manufacture silver- 
 ware west of the Alleghany mountains, and in a 
 hundred other ways it has established its right 
 to be regarded as the greatest manufacturing 
 center of the West, and as one of the greatest 
 manufacturintj cities in the world. 
 
TRADE AND COMMERCE. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 TRADE AND COMMERCE. 
 
 ST. LOUIS TERRITORY, AND THE W.AY IN WHICH ITS ORDERS FOR MERCHANDISE ARE EXECUTED. 
 
 AKK A VlW uf tlie United States and 
 draw a circle with a 5()()-niile radins 
 round New York, Chica.i^o and St. 
 Lonis. The result will astonish you, 
 unless you are already acquainted 
 with the fact that a larger number of 
 people reside in or within 500 miles of St. Louis 
 than in or within 500 miles of any other city 
 in the United States. At least two-fifths of the 
 New York circle extends into the Atlantic 
 Ocean, and more than another fifth is taken up 
 by Lakes Erie and Ontario and the southern 
 section of Canada. Of the Chicago circle, the 
 lakes occupy at least a third. 
 
 St. Louis is much more fortunate, for nearly 
 the entire circle covers rich land in a district 
 the growth of which has surprised the world. 
 It includes the whole of Missouri, Illinois, In- 
 diana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Ar- 
 kansas and Iowa, with portions of Nebraska, 
 ^Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, West 
 \'irginia, Virginia, North and South Carolina, 
 Georgia, Alabama, the Indian Territon,-, Okla- 
 homa and Kansas — truly, a magnificent territory', 
 and one whose possibilities are unlimited In a 
 few short years we shall be called upon to cele- 
 brate the centennial of the Louisiana purchase. 
 When the treaty of Paris was signed, the Amer- 
 ican minister, Mr. Robert R. Livingston, said 
 to M. IMarbois, with whom he had been treat- 
 ing: ' 'We have lived long, but this is the noblest 
 work of our lives. The treaty which we have 
 just signed will change vast solitudes into flour- 
 ishing districts. ' ' This prophetic utterance lias 
 
 been amply justified by results; andasthat portion 
 of the old Territory of Louisiana which is trib- 
 utary to St. Louis has emerged from darkness 
 into light and from wilderness to fertility, so 
 has the city which is its commercial metropolis 
 risen head and shoulders above all competitors, 
 and become literally the best distributing point 
 for merchandise in the United States. 
 
 "St. Louis," says Julian Ralph, in the ex- 
 ceptionally able article from which an abstract 
 has alread}' been taken, "is commonly spoken 
 of as the capital of the IMississippi Valley, but 
 her field is larger. It is true that there is no 
 other large city between her and New Orleans — 
 a distance of 800 miles — but there is no other 
 on the way to Kansas City, 283 miles; or to 
 Chicago, 280 miles; or for a long way east or 
 southwest. Her tributary territory is every 
 State and city south of her; east of her, to the 
 distance of 150 miles; north for a distance of 
 250 miles; and in the west and southwest as far 
 as the Rocky mountains. Between 18X0 and 
 1890, the State of Missouri gained more than 
 half a million inhabitants; Arkansas gained 
 32(>,000; Colorado, 300,000; Kansas, 430,000; 
 Kentucky, 200,000; Nebraska, 600,000; Texas, 
 1)40,000; Utah, 64,000; New Mexico, Arizona 
 and Oklahoma, 114,000. Here, then, was a gain 
 of 3,174,000 in population in St. Louis' tribu- 
 tary country, and this has not only been greatly 
 added to in the last two and a half years, but 
 it leaves out of account the growth in popula- 
 tion of the States of Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Mis- 
 sissippi and Louisiana," 
 
46 
 
 OLD AiVD A'EIV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 A ST. LOUIS 
 COMMERCIAL 
 
 We have said that the section 
 of country within a 500-mile ra- 
 dius of St. lyouis is rich, and that 
 ^uauKo. j^g possibilities are prodigious. 
 The States named as coming within the circle 
 have made themselves famous by their achieve- 
 ments in agricultural and other directions, and 
 their greatness need not be dilated upon. But 
 there has arisen during the last four or five years 
 a new territory whose growth has been phenom- 
 enal. Reference is made to Oklahoma, a com- 
 mercial suburb of St. Louis, and a country 
 which was unknown to civilization until the 
 three "openings," the first in 1889, and the 
 third in 1893. In 1890, the original Oklahoma 
 had a population of (i2,000, and now it is l.')(>,- 
 000, a gain of 2.50 per cent in less than three 
 years. The Cherokee Strip, recently opened, 
 adds, it is computed, 100,000 to the population, 
 bringing the total number of inhabitants in the 
 Territory up to 251,000. This gives Oklahoma 
 a larger number of inhabitants than any other 
 of the Territories, for Utah, the most populous 
 of all of them in 1890, had only 208,000 in that 
 year, which number must still be considerably 
 below the 250,000 mark. New Mexico's popu- 
 lation in 1890 was 154,000, and Arizona's 
 (ID, ()()(). In general business development and 
 wealth, the growth of Oklahoma has been 
 equally wonderful. The six national banks and 
 twenty-four private Imnks in the Territory show 
 that the industrial, commercial and financial in- 
 terests of that region are well taken care of. 
 The railroads running through it are well pat- 
 ronized, and new lines are projected to meet the 
 requirements of a steadily and rapidly expand- 
 ing community. It was less injuriously affected 
 by the financial disturbance than were the other 
 Territories and some of the States, and, as a 
 consequence, it has rallied quicker from the 
 effects of the panic. Agriculture, of course, is 
 far ahead of all other interests in the Territory, 
 but factories are being established and mines 
 opened. Within a few years its activities will 
 be fairly well diversified, and a well developed 
 and s\inmetricai growth will be had. 
 
 St. Louis is especially interested in the growth 
 
 and fortunes of the Territory. Her business re- 
 lations with this city have been close and ex- 
 tensive from the beginning, and they are being 
 diversified and expanded rapidly. This city is 
 the chief distributing point for the entire South- 
 west, and Oklahoma is a growing, prosperous 
 and progressive portion of that section. The 
 creation of a prosperous territory- with a popula- 
 tion of a quarter of a million inhabitants in three 
 years, shows how limitless are the possibilities 
 of the country in which it is situated. There 
 are yet countless acres to be opened for settle- 
 ment in the Indian Territory, and there is also 
 room for millions of people in the great States 
 that surround it. St. Louis is not exactly the 
 center of population of the United States, which 
 on June 1, 18'.tO, was situated about twenty miles 
 west of Columbus, Indiana. The center moved 
 nearly fifty miles west during the eighties, and 
 will reach St. Louis in its westward course 
 within ten or twenty years. But it is unneces- 
 sary to wait for this event to happen, for St. 
 Louis is to-day practically the center of com- 
 merce of the North American continent. It is 
 too far east to be western, too far west to be east- 
 ern, too far north to be southern, and too far 
 south to be northern. It is, in short, all things 
 to all men and to all States — the great com- 
 mercial and financial center of the most pros- 
 perous nation in the world, and within compar- 
 ati\-ely easy access by rail or river of all points. 
 Thus, in addition to being the great distrib- 
 uting jDoint for the West and the great wholesale 
 supply point from which the leading cities of 
 Kansas and Colorado obtain merchandise of every 
 description, it is also in every sense of the word 
 the metropolis of the South. The New South 
 and New St. Louis may be spoken of as twin 
 sisters, for their birth and growth has been prac- 
 tically simultaneous. Cincinnati alone competes 
 with St. Louis for the southern trade, but during 
 the last twenty years the latter has so com- 
 pleteh- outstripped the former that the competi- 
 tion can scarcely be said to exist at this time. 
 The rapid development of new and practically 
 unsettled sections of the Southern States has 
 caused an immense increase in the demand from 
 
TRADE AND COJIJMERCE. 
 
 47 
 
 TRADE WITH MEXICO 
 
 AND 
 
 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 those sections, and in view of the popularity 
 which immigration southward has attained, a 
 still further growth in this direction is a cer- 
 tainty. 
 
 Nor is the trade of St. 
 Louis limited by the 
 boundaries of the United 
 States. It is the nearest 
 large city to Mexico, and is rapidly becoming 
 the great centei of distribution for all points in 
 the Mexican republic as well as in Spanish- 
 American countries generally. European ex- 
 porters up to a few years ago enjoyed a monop- 
 oly of this trade, to which they catered so 
 carefully that they popularized their goods and 
 also their methods of doing business to an ex- 
 tent which practically shut out trade from this 
 country. The Spanish Club of St. Louis de- 
 serves credit for having done more to get rid of 
 this anomally than any other trade organiza- 
 tion in the United States. Mexican merchants, 
 as a rule, are well situated financially, but a sys- 
 tem of long credits prevails, and this makes it 
 absolutely necessary for the wholesaler to keep 
 himself acquainted with the financial standing 
 of those from whom orders are solicited. The 
 Spanish Club, with the co-operation of the 
 Autumnal Festivities Association, has made this 
 easy by the collection of da,ta of every descrip- 
 tion, and by placing t^iese data at the disposal of 
 mercliants. The city is now supplying Mexico 
 with goods of almost every description, but more 
 notably with agricultural and other machinery, 
 mill and mining supplies, steam and traction 
 engines, shovels, hardware, sewing machines, 
 belting, smoked and dried meats, groceries and 
 provisions, wooden and willowware, glassware, 
 fire brick, fire clay, cement, drugs and chem- 
 icals, paints and oils, cordage, rubber goods, 
 dressed lumber, street and railway cars and sup- 
 plies, blank-books and stationery and printing 
 presses, importing in return large quantities of 
 coffee, sugar, rice and fruit. During the year 
 1892 nearly a million pounds of hardware were 
 shipped from St. Louis on through bills of lading 
 to Mexico, Cuba and Central and South Amer- 
 ica. Groceries and chemicals of equal weight 
 
 were sent, in addition to which I.')?, 000 barrels 
 of flour were shipped to Cuba. These totals 
 merely represent the direct shipments from St. 
 Louis which the work of improvement on the 
 Mississippi river, now in progress, will make 
 both easier and cheaper. A large quantity of 
 merchandise is still shipped to Spanish-Amer- 
 ican countries via New York houses, but the ad- 
 justment of freights and the improved railroad 
 communications between St. Louis and Mexico 
 favor direct shipment only. 
 
 Before passing to a consideration of some of 
 the principal articles included in the wholesale 
 and jobbing business of St. Louis, it is interest- 
 ing to note that during the eighties the tonnage 
 of freight received at St. Louis increased from 
 6,000,000 to nearly 10,000,000, while the quan- 
 tity of freight forwarded by railroads out of St. 
 Louis increased from 2,7r)(),000 tons in 1880 
 to nearly double that total in 1890. The freight 
 tonnage of the railroads tributary to St. Louis 
 increased from about 3.5,000,000 in 1880 to 
 nearly 49,000,000 in 1890, an increase during 
 the ten years of nearly 14,000,000 tons. Since 
 these figures were published in connection with 
 the census of 1890, there has been a marked 
 increase in shipments of goods from St. Louis, 
 and in 1892 nearly 9,000,000 tons of merchan- 
 dise crossed the Mississippi river at St. Louis, 
 an increase of fifty per cent since 1887. The 
 total receipts of merchandise of St. Louis by 
 river and rail were almost 12,000,000, as com- 
 pared with 10,(500,000 in 1890. The shipments 
 also show a very large increase and point to 
 prosperity of a most j^ronounced type. 
 
 The wholesale and 
 jobbing dry goods 
 
 DRV GOODS, BOOTS 
 AMD SHOES, GROCERIES 
 
 AND DRUGS. 
 
 business of St. Louis 
 shows an increase in 
 tlie cash receipts of from ten to fifteen per 
 cent per annum. The total sales now exceed 
 $40,000,000 per annum, and they extend to 
 points west of the Rocky mountains, as well as 
 to cities in Indiana and over the entire South. 
 In addition to the immense jobbing trade, the 
 retail dr>^ goods trade of St. Louis has assumed 
 immense importance, and the business trans- 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 acted in response to mail orders is very large. 
 The hat and cap trade has developed from prac- 
 tically nothing ten years ago, to about $5,000,000 
 per annum at this time, and is growing with 
 great rapidity. As a boot and shoe distributing 
 city St. Louis is second only to Boston. Enor- 
 mous as is the manufacturing output of the St. 
 Louis factories, and rapid as has been the in- 
 crease during the last ten years, the jobbing 
 business in boots and shoes has shown an e^-en 
 more astonishing growth. The exceptional 
 causes which made trade dull throughout the 
 entire countr}- during at least six months of the 
 current year had less effect on the shoe trade of 
 St. Louis than on any other city in the country-. 
 In 1892 St. Louis received 828,071 cases of 
 shoes, a gain over ISlll of about forty per cent. 
 Ten years ago the receipts were less than 
 300,000 cases, so that the gain has been excep- 
 tionally pronounced, though it has chiefly taken 
 place during the last four years. The ship- 
 ments from Boston to various trade centers are 
 usually considered as criterions, and it is inter- 
 esting to note that while St. Louis received 
 13,. 500 more cases from Boston than in the pre- 
 ceding year, there was a falling off in the re- 
 ceipts of New York of 13,000, at Chicago of 
 8f),000 and at Baltimore of 44,000, showing 
 that the immense gain of St. Louis meant a 
 great deal more than an increased demand in 
 keeping with the natural increase in popu- 
 lation. 
 
 The wholesale grocery- trade of St. Louis is 
 so large that the sales are now nearly $i:)0,000,000 
 a year. The increase for the year 1892 over 
 the preceding year was twelve and a half per 
 cent, largely due to increased orders from Mis- 
 souri, Arkansas, Illinois, the Indian Territor}- 
 and the Southeastern States, and to the opening 
 up of new trrde in the Iowa district. In 
 branches of the grocery trade, such as sugar, 
 syrups and rice, very healthy gains are reported 
 every year; and in coffee, which is one of the 
 city's specialties, the gain in 1892 was enor- 
 mous, the shipments increasing from 232,000 
 sacks to 367,000. 
 
 St. Louis is either the first or the second 
 
 largest distributing point for drugs and chem- 
 icals, and the volume of the business in these 
 specialties now exceeds a million dollars a 
 month. The largest drug house in the world 
 has its home in St. Louis, and there are other 
 establishments of enonnous proportions. The 
 trade depression of 1893 checked the increase 
 of eight or ten per cent in business which had 
 been reported annually, but did not cause an\- 
 marked falling off. The wholesale drug busi- 
 ness is one which is not generally understood 
 by the outside public, to many of whom it will 
 be news that it is quite a common practice for a 
 new proprietary' article to be placed in the hands 
 of St. Louis jobbers, irrespective of the home of 
 the inventor, simply because it has been ascer- 
 tained by experience that St. Louis possesses 
 unrivaled facilities for introducing into the 
 market any novelty in the drug trade. The 
 volume of business transacted is amazing in its 
 extent and variety, and is a source of general 
 surprise to those who have made themselves 
 acquainted with the details. 
 
 St. Louis has the largest 
 
 HARDWARE 
 A.\D HARDWOOD. 
 
 hardware house in the world, 
 and the city has few equals 
 as a distributing point for this commodity. The 
 year 1892 was an exceptionally favorable one 
 for this trade. The actual receipts showed an 
 increase of fifteen per cent and, as there was a 
 general reduction in prices, the actual increase 
 in the volume of trade was little, if any, less 
 than twenty-five per cent. The foreign trade is 
 exceptionally good, in addition to which the en- 
 tire countr)' west of the Alleghany mountains is 
 supplied. Indeed, shipments are made into 
 many States which cannot, by any species of 
 reasoning, be regarded as St. Louis terri- 
 tory. Shipments are also made frequently to 
 points within half an hour's ride of Chicago, 
 and, what is even more remarkable, quite an 
 extensive business is done with strictly eastern 
 sections. The old craze for sending East for 
 high-class decorations for homes is rapidly dying 
 out in face of the progress made by St. Louis, 
 which now sends more high-class hardware 
 to the East than it receives from it, The 
 
TRADE AND COMMERCE. 
 
 49 
 
 annual sales amount to about $18,000,000, and 
 are increasing with great rapidity. In wooden 
 and willowware St. Louis does such an enor- 
 mous trade that the sales are equal to those of 
 all the other American cities combined — a state- 
 ment which may seem extravagant, but which 
 is easily borne out by an examination of tables. 
 St. Louis is the best hardwood market in the 
 world, and its lumber interests are enormous. 
 It is so situated that the very best lumber 
 regions are within easy access; and the reputa- 
 tion the city has obtained as a lumber market 
 has led to the choicest products coming to it. 
 The receipts of lumber are so large that the figures 
 are a trifle bewildering. Thus, in 1892 the num- 
 ber of feet received was 883,943,163, an increase 
 of fully twenty-five per cent on those of two 
 years previously. The shipments were less than 
 half the receipts, showing that during the year 
 4()0,000,0()0 feet of lumber were consumed in 
 the local planing mills, wagon and carriage fac- 
 tories, and other establishments, a marked 
 tribute to the city's manufacturing activity. 
 The planing mill products alone realized at 
 least $4,000,000 during the year, and are stead- 
 ily increasing. 
 
 COTTON '^^^^ general depression in 
 
 the cotton trade during the 
 AND WOOL. , ^ , , , '^ ^ 
 
 last few years has been so great 
 
 that much activity is impossible, but St. Louis 
 is rapidly increasing its importance as a receiv- 
 ing and distributing point. It draws most of 
 its supplies from Arkansas, the other States 
 which ship largely to St. Louis being Texas, 
 Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Missouri, 
 Louisiana and Kentucky. During the year 
 1891 the city built up a very valuable export 
 trade, shipping 185,000,000 bales to England, 
 and smaller quantities to Germany, France, 
 Belgium, Ireland, Saxony, Austria, Italy, Hol- 
 land and Switzerland, the shipments to Ireland, 
 Saxony and Holland opening up an entirel}' new 
 trade. The total shipments diiring the year end- 
 ing August 31, 1892, were 685,000 bales, of 
 which nearly a third went direct to Europe, and 
 17(i,000 bales to England. A great gain in 
 this business cannot be looked for until condi- 
 
 tions over which the city has no control are 
 changed. 
 
 At one time there existed a prejudice against 
 St. Louis as a wool market, but this fortunately 
 has entirely died out. The receipts in wool 
 in St. Louis in 1892 were about 2(5,000,000 
 pounds, 4,000,000 greater than in 1891, and 
 larger than any year's in the city's historj-. The 
 years 1888 to 1891 showed a satisfactory busi- 
 ness, increasing during the four years a little 
 over 2,000,000 pounds. The early eighties 
 showed unfavorable returns, none of them ex- 
 ceeding or even approaching the business of 
 1879. A great jump was made in the forward 
 direction in the year 1885, and now the strength 
 of the St. Louis wool market is so great that 
 there can be no possible anxiety as to the future. 
 St. Louis is now a ver\' much stronger wool 
 market than Chicago, and for domestic wools it 
 is now the greatest market in the country', with 
 the single exception of Boston. The great gain 
 has been brought about mainly by the energy of 
 the wool merchants, who have established for 
 the city a great reputation for promptness in 
 handling consignments and making remittances. 
 This fact, coupled with the improved railroad 
 facilities and reduced freight rates, has brought 
 the vSt. Louis wool market in touch with the 
 large wool producing areas in Montana, Wyo- 
 ming and Colorado. Two of these States are 
 within what is regarded as Chicago territory', 
 which city formerly secured the bulk of the 
 Colorado trade. Now, however, these three 
 States send nearly the whole of their product to 
 St. Louis, and the indications are that other ex- 
 treme Western States will soon follow the good 
 example set them. 
 
 In shipments, St. Louis was even more active 
 in 1892 than in receipts, the splendid total 
 of 27,000,000 being reached, showing an in- 
 crease of considerably over 5,000,000 pounds. 
 The stock on hand on January 1, 1892, ex- 
 ceeded 7,000,000 pounds, but the transac- 
 tions for the year were so heavy that in spite 
 of the great increase in receipts, the stock carried 
 over to 1893 showed a ver>' gratifying decrease. 
 It is probable that the increased demand from 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Northern and Northwestern areas is mainly re- 
 sponsible for this increase in shipments. For- 
 merly these mills relied upon Chicago for their 
 supplies, and it is only in recent years that they 
 have found out that they can get better treat- 
 ment in St. Louis than in any other city in the 
 country. Wisconsin is taking more and more 
 of our wool every month, and mills within the 
 city boundaries of Chicago send their orders in 
 here with gratifying regularity. 
 
 Strange buyers are seen in the city constantly, 
 and are more than welcome. They are attracted 
 here by reports of friends in the same line of 
 business who have commenced drawing their 
 supplies from St. L,ouis, and who have found it 
 to their advantage to do so. The superiority of 
 the St. Louis wool market in the matter of selec- 
 tions is its guarantee for future success, and the 
 great increase in wool manufacturing in the 
 West and Northwest renders any anxiety un- 
 necessary as to the maintenance of the demand 
 in the sections which the city rightfully looks 
 upon as its own. 
 
 While the receipts of wool have doubled 
 themselves during the last twelve years, the 
 gain in hides and leather has been even more 
 pronounced. The weight of the hides received 
 has increased from 18,000,000 pounds in 1880 
 to nearly 40,000,000 pounds per annum now, 
 while the shipments have about doubled during 
 the same period. In the early days of St. Louis 
 it was noted for its transactions in peltries and 
 furs, which increased steadily up to about the 
 year 1870. For the next fifteen or sixteen years 
 comparatively little progress was made, owing 
 to causes which affected the wool industry of 
 the entire country, but the business has in- 
 creased six-fold during the last six years, and 
 has now assumed enormous proportions. 
 
 St. Louis is known as the 
 best winter wheat flour market 
 in the world, and it is the sec- 
 ond in the list of primary grain markets in the 
 United States. Its receipts in grain have in- 
 creased more than sixty per cent in the last five 
 years, as will be seen by the following con- 
 densed table: 
 
 Bush'ls 1892. 
 
 WHEAT AND 
 OTHER GRAIN. 
 
 Wheat- 
 Corn ..- 
 Oats 
 
 Rye 
 
 Barley.. 
 
 27,483,8.55 25 5-23. 1S3 11.7R1.774 13,810.591 I.S.OIO.IOS 
 
 32,030, i):!(i-Ji,.-.:;o, '.'in i.' ,i;^i :\iMw.7s\ o,,, ■..,■,0,499 
 
 10,604, MO IL', i:;--'.-JI.'. rj.-J.'.:' :i."i.". ll.::i:.:!lo lo,4.".(j,760 
 l,189,l.o:i i.]i:i,4;i(i .-.ol.n.vi 07:i,:;r,4 4-21,514 
 2,691,249 2,108,546 2,794,S6U 3,070,807 3,044,961 
 
 Total. 
 
 73,999,097162,744,374 72,260,344j63,207,883 47,202,842 
 
 The export trade has increased with great 
 rapidity, the European shipments being six 
 times as large in 1892 as in 1890 in wheat 
 alone. The popularity of St. Louis as a grain 
 market is also proved by the increased receipts 
 in wheat since 1886, when they were 8,400,000 
 bushels, as compared with 27,000,000 in 1892. 
 The transactions in hay have increased very 
 rapidly during the last ten years, though, owing 
 to the increased home consumption, the ship- 
 ments have remained nearly stationar>\ Dur- 
 ing the current year, hay has been shipped from 
 St. Louis to France, and although the transac- 
 tion was a comparatively insignificant one, it is 
 of importance as showing what an immense field 
 is open for St. Louis in exporting, and how 
 easily these opportunities can be taken advan- 
 tage of. 
 
 St. Louis is the best horse 
 and mule market in the 
 United States; and so far as 
 mules are concerned, its transactions are larger 
 than those of all the other markets in the coun- 
 try combined. The trade is confined to a com- 
 paratively small area on Broadway, a few blocks 
 north of the Eads bridge. About 50,000 mules 
 are sold every year in this section, and the re- 
 ceipts from sales exceed $5,000,000. The gov- 
 ernment purchases between 1,000 and 2,000 
 mules every year from St. Louis, and the south- 
 ern planters rely on the city entirely for their 
 supply. Shipments are made to Cuba in large 
 numbers, one firm alone selling as many as 5,000 
 head a year to Cuban planters. To such a perfect 
 system has the trade been brought that tele- 
 graphic orders are often received and executed for 
 from twelve to a hundred mules wanted at distant 
 points. The animals are graded very carefulh', 
 and there is hence little difl&culty in fixing values 
 
 HORSES, MULES 
 AND LIVE STOCK. 
 
TRADE AND COMMERCE. 
 
 51 
 
 or completing trades. In horses, St. Louis also 
 does a very large trade, as many as 20,000 being 
 sold every year. It is quite an every-day occur- 
 rence for high-grade carriage horses to be or- 
 dered from St. Louis by New York and Chicago 
 dealers. This is because St. Louis has the repu- 
 tation of paying a higher price for stock than 
 any other market, while the rapidity with which 
 sales are made makes it profitable to sell at very 
 low prices. More than one St. Louis magnate 
 has ordered a pair of handsome carriage horses 
 from a distant market in order to obtain some- 
 thing exceptionally fine, only to have his order 
 executed through a St. Louis dealer or broker 
 at an additional expense to him of the commis- 
 sion charged by the foreign house. 
 
 In live stock generally, St. Louis is a highly 
 important market. The total live cattle receipts 
 in 1892 were 801,111, and almost the entire re- 
 ceipts were marketed here. From (iOO to 800 
 head of cattle are slaughtered daily at the Na- 
 tional Stock Yards, and a great increase in fa- 
 cilities is the result of the introduction of capital 
 from outside points. During 1892, St. Louis 
 sold more Te.xas cattle than Chicago, and the 
 prices realized were somewhat higher. In spite 
 of the general decrease of interest in sheep- 
 raising throughout the country, there was but a 
 slight falling off in the receipts or shipments of 
 sheep: nor was the volume of business in hogs 
 materially reduced, s^lthough the flood kept a 
 great deal of trade away from the cit)-, in addi- 
 tion to which less hogs were raised. It is a 
 significant fact that, although a less number 
 were sold, a very much larger sum was realized 
 than in l.SiH, and the condition of the market 
 nuist be described as exceptionally healthy in 
 every respect. 
 
 The storv of the 
 
 RETAIL ESTABLISHMENTS 
 HERE AND ELSEWHERE. 
 
 j^reatness of St. Louis 
 as a wholesale and 
 jobbing center might be continued without limit, 
 but the few specialties selected must suffice to 
 illustrate the general scope and extent of the 
 business, which has assumed proportions far be- 
 yond what the most enthusiastic New St. Louisan 
 realizes, and which is growing every month. 
 
 Before passing from the subject of trade and 
 commerce, a reference must be made to the re- 
 tail business of the city. St. Louis is without 
 doubt the greatest shopping center in the West, 
 and with but few exceptions the greatest in the 
 country. The Bureau of Information recently 
 issued a circular to 2,000 prominent citizens, 
 asking them a series of questions as to the retail 
 excellence of St. Louis. Among other queries 
 was one as to the nature and extent of the as- 
 sortments, and another asked for a comparison 
 as to price. Nearly every reply was to the effect 
 that the more one traveled the more was the 
 con\iction driven home that New St. Louis was 
 one of the most favored cities so far as stocks 
 are concerned, and the opinion was unanimously 
 expressed that retailers ask less for their wares 
 than do those of any other city for similar grades. 
 One of the leaders of society, a lady who was 
 born in the East, but who is now the wife of one 
 of St. Louis' leading bankers, did not exagger- 
 ate one jot or tittle when she said : 
 
 "Every year I visit the eastern stores, and 
 every year I become more strongly convinced 
 that our St. Louis merchants equal in energy 
 and result any in the United States." 
 
 Captain Cuttle's advice to his friends as to im- 
 portant records of fact and philosophy was, 
 "when found, make a note of." The hint 
 expressed so tersely by the St. Louis lady is as 
 valuable as any proverb of the past or present, 
 and should be "made note of" and be borne 
 constantly in mind by every resident in the city 
 or within a day's journey of it. 
 
 St. Louis merchants act on the principle that 
 the best is the cheapest, and they accordingly 
 carry the best goods in every grade, thereby ac- 
 quiring and maintaining a reputation which 
 adds greatly to their business, and which brings 
 them in orders by mail from e\ery direction. It 
 is impossible to estimate how many thousands 
 of dollars are recei\ed in St. Louis daily by re- 
 tailers, but the express and freight business 
 transacted may be taken as a fair index, and 
 this shows that St. Louis occupies a unique po- 
 sition as a distributor of goods of ever)' descrip- 
 tion required for household purposes. The store 
 
52 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 buildings of a few years ago having proved en- 
 tirely inadequate to the wants of the present time , 
 magnificent structures have been erected for the 
 accommodation of merchant princes in various 
 lines. Broadway and Olive street are special 
 favorites with large retailers, and most of the 
 large establishments are to be found on these 
 magnificent thoroughfares, though in some lines 
 adjoining streets are also quite popular. 
 
 The retail dry goods houses may be described 
 as singularly massive and complete, some of 
 the largest establishments on the Parisian Bon 
 Marche plan having acquired a national reputa- 
 tion. In clothing and hats, the retail establish- 
 ments are also conspicuously fine, while the 
 most elaborate assortments of boots and shoes 
 are to be found in numerous retail stores in the 
 best locations in the city. 
 
 Speaking of the retail trade of the city gener- 
 ally, it may be said that the St. Louis merchants 
 are specially favored by location. Not only have 
 they a population of considerably over half a 
 million within their own city from which to 
 draw regular trade, but they also enjoy the trade 
 of an immense number of suburban and semi- 
 suburban cities, in addition to doing a large 
 trade by express and through the mails with the 
 residents of at least five States. Besides these 
 excellent facilities for securing customers, they 
 are remarkably well fixed for obtaining stock at 
 reasonable prices. The manufactories of the 
 city enable a large percentage of the supply to 
 be drawn from home, and the railroad connec- 
 tions with the East are such as to render it very 
 easy and convenient to receive the latest pro- 
 ductions of the great eastern houses. The city 
 is also a United States port of entry and re- 
 ceives goods from European centers direct to the 
 consignee. Every advantage is taken of these 
 facilities, and the latest fashion in St. Louis is 
 never far behind the latest fashion in New York, 
 London or Paris. 
 
 The St. Louisan on his travels and anxious 
 to have justice done his favored city should ac- 
 quaint himself with some of the most remarkable 
 of its commercial* achievements. 
 
 *See also page 29. 
 
 .St. Louis is the best market in America. 
 It is by far the best hardwood lumber market. 
 It is the largest soft hat market in the world. 
 It has the largest drug house in the world. 
 It sells more bags and bagging than any other 
 city. 
 
 It is the largest interior cotton market in the 
 world. 
 
 It is the best winter wheat flour market in the 
 world. 
 
 It is the largest inland coffee market in the 
 world. 
 
 It is the second primary grain market in the 
 world. 
 
 It is the largest horse and mule market in the 
 world. 
 
 Its wholesale grocer}- sales exceed !*;•(), 000, 000 
 a year. 
 
 It has the largest exclusive carpet house in 
 America. 
 
 It is the largest fruit and vegetable market in 
 America. 
 
 It has the largest hardware establishment in 
 the world. 
 
 It has the largest woodenware establishment 
 in the world. 
 
 It is the third largest dry goods market in the 
 United States. 
 
 It has the finest jewelry establishment in the 
 United States. 
 
 It ships more than 7."), 000, 000 pounds of barb 
 wire annually. 
 
 It exports more goods to ^Mexico than any 
 other interior city. 
 
 It is the best interior market in the United 
 States for domestic wool. 
 
 It handles more than half the woodenware 
 sold in the United States. 
 
 It receives by rail and river a million tons of 
 merchandise every month. 
 
 It is the largest shoe distributing point in the 
 world, with one exception. 
 
 It handles on an average nearly three million 
 feet of lumber every working day in the year. 
 
 Its transactions in dry goods, clothing, hats 
 and shoes are in excess of $100,000,000 per 
 annum. 
 
RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 53 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 
 
 THE BEST RAILROAD CENTER IN THE UNITED STATES.-THE LARGEST CITY ON THE LARGEST 
 RIVER IN THE WORLD.-THE LARGEST RAILROAD STATION IN THE WORLD. 
 
 PROPHET," we are told, "is not 
 without honor, save in his own 
 country," and what is true of 
 prophets is equally true of cities. 
 Hence it was that the world generally 
 was enlightened concerning the ex- 
 traordinary advance of St. L,ouis as a railroad 
 center, not by a St. Louis statistician, but by 
 Mr. Robert P. Porter, Superintendent of the 
 Eleventh Census, whose under-statement of the 
 population of the city in 1890 proves conclu- 
 sively that he is not unduly prejudiced in favor 
 of St. Louis. In the speech delivered by the 
 superintendent on November 21, 1891, from 
 which quotations have already been made, he 
 called attention to the fact that St. Louis, as a 
 railroad center, is something of which the 
 nation, as well as the citj-, can be proud. "We 
 may throw Ohio, Indiana and Illinois out of 
 consideration," he said, "and still have more 
 miles of railroad tributary to St. Louis than the 
 total mileage of the United Kingdom, of Ger- 
 many, France or Austria-Hungar>'. Add half 
 of Illinois, which is justly tributary to this city, 
 and we have a railway mileage, tributary to 
 this one great river city, equal to the combined 
 railway mileage of the United Kingdom and 
 Austria-Hungary. Again, take the mileage of 
 railways centering in St. Louis, and we find it 
 equal to the total mileage of the German Em- 
 pire, and exceeding by about five thousand miles 
 the total mileage of railways of England or of 
 France. These are not boastful facts, but facts 
 which point to a future far beyond that as yet 
 attained by Europe's great ri\er cities." 
 A year later, another tribute to the excellence 
 
 of St. Louis as a railroad center, was paid by 
 Mr. Julian Ralph, who, in his article in Har- 
 per' s Neiv Alonthly Alagasiiic, for No\ember, 
 1892, said: "St. Louis has become remarkable 
 as a centering place of railroads. The city is 
 like a hub to those spokes of steel that reach out 
 in a circle, which, unlike that of most other 
 towns of prominence, is nowhere broken by lake, 
 sea or mountain chain. Nine very important 
 railways, and a dozen lesser ones, n:eet there. 
 The mileage of the roads thus centering at the city 
 is 25,678, or nearly 11,000 more than in 1880, 
 while the mileage of the roads that are tributary 
 to the city has grown from 35,000 to more than 
 57,000. These railways span the continent 
 from New York to San Francisco. They reach 
 from New Orleans to Chicago, and from the 
 Northwestern States to Florida. Through Pull- 
 man cars are now run from St. Louis to San 
 Francisco, to the City of Mexico, and to St. 
 Augustine and Tampa in the season. New 
 lines that have the city as their objective point 
 are projected; old lines that have not gone there 
 are preparing to build connecting branches, and 
 several of the largest systems that reach there 
 are just now greatly increasing their terminal 
 facilities in the city with notable works at im- 
 mense cost." 
 
 These two quotations from 
 the utterances or writings of 
 outsiders, show how the rail- 
 road facilities of St. Louis are appreciated 
 throughout the country at the present time. 
 During the eighties the growth in the city's 
 railroad facilities, and in the territory which it 
 supplies with merchandise, were enormous. 
 
 THE SITUATION 
 IN 1890. 
 
54 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 During the decade the railroad mileage of Texas, 
 which is one of the States which draws nearly all 
 its supplies from this city, increased 1-17 per 
 cent; those of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Ar- 
 kansas, three more States in St. Louis territory, 
 more than doubled during the same period, 
 while the Indian Territory railroad mileage 
 increased nearly four-fold. The increase in 
 Kansas, another distinctly St. Louis State, was 
 about eighty per cent, and through the entire 
 section tributary to St. Louis there was a gain 
 of 21,000 miles, or about sixty-one per cent. The 
 following table shows the general increase in 
 mileage, tonnage and passenger traffic of the 
 St. Louis railroads between the years of 1X80 
 and 1890. It was not prepared for the purpose 
 of demonstrating the greatness of St. Louis, but 
 is part of the official record of the census of 
 l.SiK): 
 
 is '^\ 
 
 oo ooo ooo 
 
 oo ooo ooo 
 
 o o_ o_ o o_ o_ o_ o 
 
 t^ (M r-( l^ lO O fC c«^ 
 
 ;§§ i§S 
 
 : O o ; OO 
 :b."o :o"t-r 
 
 :|| 
 
 i- oo : C ; 
 
 'a : X = 
 
 "i^%^% :||S'20Sn«S-S°S S^S 
 
 
 These figures are bewildering in their vast- 
 ness, especially when it is remembered that it is 
 but a little more than forty years ago when w'ork 
 was commenced on the first railroad entering 
 St. Louis. It is interesting at this period, and 
 in view of the marvelous achievements of St. 
 Louis railroads, to glance back for a moment at 
 the early efforts to secure railroad connection of 
 any kind for St. Louis. After the Legislature 
 of ]\Iissouri had in the year 184i:) incorporated a 
 railway company to build a road from St. Louis 
 to Jefferson City, with a view to its being ex- 
 tended out to the Pacific Ocean, local sentiment 
 was inclined to be facetious as well as skepticr.l. 
 
 During the last year or two there have been 
 
 many prophets who have doubted the possibility 
 
 of connecting St. Louis and Chicago by means 
 
 of an electric railroad which would shorten the 
 
 distance between the two cities so as to bring it 
 
 down to a three-hours' journey. Forty-four years 
 
 ago there were as many, if not more, people who 
 
 were certain that the road then j^rojected across 
 
 the State would never be built. 
 
 While people were discussing the 
 A FORECAST 
 
 impossibility of the project, ilr. 
 
 m 1849. ' ... ^^ T ^- c 
 
 Ihomas Allen called a meeting oi 
 
 the incorporators at the St. Louis insurance 
 rooms and delivered an address which forms 
 "mighty interesting reading" at this time. 
 Mr. Allen asked his hearers to imagine that the 
 road had been constructed and opened for traffic. 
 "Let us enter," he said, "the depot or station- 
 house, which is the largest house in the cit\'. 
 Here we see boxes of merchandise of all sizes, 
 and various articles of household and family 
 utensils, hogsheads of sugar, sacks of coffee and 
 of salt, barrels of molasses and of whisky, kits 
 of mackerel, boxes of raisins, bundles of paper, 
 wagons in pieces and small carriages, kegs of 
 nails, bars of iron, boxes of Indian goods, of 
 shoes, hats, tar and turpentine, marked for the 
 towns in the interior, and some for Deseret, all 
 of which the men are at work placing in the freight 
 train. There is none of that disorder and flurry 
 which exists upon the levee, but all is neatness 
 and order. 
 
 "But the bell is ringing. We will take our 
 
RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 
 
 55 
 
 ticket and step aboard the passenger train with 
 fifty or sixty other passengers who are destined 
 for varions points along the line of the road. 
 Off we go, with the speed of twenty-five miles 
 an hour. We have not gone five miles when 
 the pace of the train is slacked and we observe 
 one or two gentlemen jumping off at the su- 
 burban residences. A few miles further is a 
 platform and a turn-out. Here several are 
 waiting to get off to go to their dwellings. 
 Here also we observe a string of open cars laden 
 with coal. We pass on, scarcely having time 
 to observe the fine residences which city gen- 
 tlemen have constructed all along each side of 
 the road, but we stop every few moments to let 
 off a passenger or two and take on as many 
 more, so that our numl^er is kept about the 
 same. Here we pass a train loaded with wood, 
 with a few cars of baled hay attached. The 
 country on either side seems to be full of busy 
 men and everj' farm occupied. Directly we 
 reach a water station, where we observe im- 
 mense piles of cord-wood, and many men en- 
 gaged in hauling and cording. Here also is a 
 small refreshment house, and here again we 
 leave and take on a few passengers. 
 
 "We come in sight of the Missouri, and catch 
 a glimpse, as we pass, of a steamboat, with a 
 small freight and a few passengers, pufling away 
 and hard on a sand-bar. Soon we meet a freight 
 train loaded with pigs of lead and copper and 
 iron from Franklin county. In about two hours 
 from St. Louis, we are at the Union Station, 
 where we discharge a few passengers and ob- 
 serve large piles of metal pigs. Though stop- 
 ping now and then to leave or take on a pas- 
 senger, or to supply the engine with water, we 
 are soon in Gasconade county. We pass cars 
 laden with cannel coal, and we discharge at 
 Hermann Station a number of Germans and 
 their baggage, and we observe some cars receiv- 
 ing freight, some of it apparently pianos, and 
 quite a number of pipes one would suppose to 
 be wine — all the manufacture of Hermann. 
 We are come, however, to the crossing of the 
 Gasconade, which is a grand bridge of solid ma- 
 sonry of great strength and durabilit). Here 
 
 is quite an important station, and we notice a 
 number of new buildings going up on lots sold 
 by the railway company ; immense quantities of 
 yellow pine piled up, and a number of cars at- 
 tached to an engine ready to start to St. Louis 
 with a heavy load of lumber. 
 
 "We cross the Lamine, stop at the Saline 
 Station, and we are struck witli the fine appear- 
 ance of the country as we pass on and observe 
 numerous excellent farms. We lea\-e a few 
 passengers at Lexington Station, a few miles 
 south of that place, and reach our station not 
 far from the Kansas river (Kaw river) about tea- 
 time, having been about ten hours from St. 
 Louis. Here our remaining passengers, to the 
 number of about twenty or thirty, dispose them- 
 selves for the night at a good hotel, intending 
 in the morning to be off for Independence, Lib- 
 erty, Westport and St. Joseph, and other places 
 up the river. The hotel is quite full of passen- 
 gers, there being as many to go down as up, 
 and in the station-house is a freight train ready 
 to start. It was remarked that there was not 
 less than a thousand tons of freight that day on 
 this road. Now, although this be an imaginary 
 trip, who can doubt, who knows anything of 
 railroads, that the picture would be fully if not 
 more than realized upon the opening of such a 
 road? Can we do any better than to take the 
 2,000 shares required preliminary to the per- 
 manent organization? I am strong in the be- 
 lief that if the road had been built but fifty 
 miles, or if built to Jefferson City, it would pay. ' ' 
 When ]\Ir. Allen concluded 
 
 A GLORIOUS 
 REALIZATION. 
 
 this address he locked the door, 
 and, turning to those present, 
 remarked that it was a time for acting and not 
 speaking, adding a hope that the 2,000 shares 
 of stock required would be subscribed for before 
 the door was unlocked. One hundred thousand 
 dollars in stock was required, for which Messrs. 
 James H. Lucas, John O' Fallon and Daniel 
 Page subscriljed, and tlms was laid the founda- 
 tion-stone for a railroad which in itself has be- 
 come a source of untold worth to St. Louis, and 
 of a railroad .system generally, which, as has 
 been shown above, is equal or superior to that 
 
66 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 of any other city in the world. The St. Louis 
 Traffic Commission, of which Mr. C. N. Osgood 
 is executive officer, with the title of Commis- 
 sioner, has enabled full benefit to be derived 
 from the great railroad mileage of the city, and 
 it is largely from the reports of Mr. Osgood that 
 the data concerning these railroads centering in 
 the city are taken. These railroads are: 
 
 Atchison, Topkka & Santa Fe. 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio. 
 
 Chicago & Ai<ton. 
 
 Chicago, BuRi.iiiGTON & Quincy. 
 
 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis ("The 
 Big Four"). 
 
 Illinois Central (via the Vaudalia and Cairo Short 
 Lines). 
 
 Jacksonville Southeastern. 
 
 Louisville^ Nashville. 
 
 Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis ("Air Line"). 
 
 Mlssouri, Kansas & Texas. 
 
 Missouri Pacific 
 
 Mobile & Ohio. 
 
 Ohio & Missis.sippi. 
 
 St. Louis & Hannibal. 
 
 St. Louis & San Francisco (" 'Frisco Line"). 
 
 St. Louis, Alton & TerrE Haute ("Cairo Short 
 Line"). 
 
 St. Louis, Chicago & St. Paul ("Bluff Line"). 
 
 St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern ("Iron 
 Mountain"). 
 
 St. Louis, Kansas City & Colorado. 
 
 St. L9UIS, Keokuk & Northwestern ("Burlington 
 Route"). 
 
 St. Louis Southwestern ("Cotton Belt"). 
 
 St. Louis, Vandalia & TerrE Haute ("Vandalia 
 Line"). 
 
 Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City ("Clover Leaf "). 
 
 Wabash. 
 
 These are exchisive of the transfer lines con- 
 necting St. Louis with the Relay depot on the 
 other side of the Kads bridge. These are: 
 
 The Terminal Railroad Association. 
 
 The St. Louis Merchants' Bridge Terminal. 
 
 The Wiggin's Ferry Company (and associated lines). 
 
 The Madison County Ferry. 
 
 Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis R. R. Ferry. 
 
 Carondelet Ferry. 
 
 In discussing in detail the 
 various railroad connections 
 of St. Louis, they will be 
 dealt with in their alpha- 
 betical order, as above; it being left to the 
 reader to discriminate between the importance 
 
 THE 
 
 A TCHISON- 'FRISCO 
 
 SYSTEM. 
 
 of the various systems, and to decide which 
 wotild be first discussed, were the classification by 
 order of merit. The first on the list is the 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santc Fe, which, by the 
 absorption of the St. Louis & San Francisco 
 road, some three years ago, obtained a direct 
 entrance to the city, and made St. Louis one of 
 the terminal points of the great system which 
 controls over 9,000 miles of railroad, extending 
 to California on the west, Texas and Old Mex- 
 ico on the south, and the lakes on the north. 
 The amalgamation of the two systems ga\e 
 St. Louis another route to the Pacific Coast and 
 also to Old Mexico, and, in addition to that, it 
 greatly increased the railroad facilities between St. 
 Louis and Oklahoma. By means of the 'Frisco 
 branch to Sapulpa, St. Louis has railroad facil- 
 ities without change of cars, to the northeast 
 corner of Oklahoma, while the 'Frisco Southern 
 Kansas line, with the Atchison connection at 
 Arkansas City, affords a direct communication 
 with Guthrie and Oklahoma, the two largest 
 cities in the exceptionally prosperous and thriving 
 Territory, concerning whose marvelous growth 
 figures have been already quoted. The 'Frisco 
 mileage alone covers 1,500 miles, mainly through 
 the States of Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Texas 
 and the Indian Territory. It affords rapid and 
 convenient connection between St. Louis and 
 all parts of central and Southwestern Missouri, 
 and it also sends out from St. Louis daily 
 through sleeping cars to the City of Mexico and 
 to California. The quantity of freight shipped 
 into St. Louis by the 'Frisco was 551,000 tons 
 in 1892, as compared with 486,000 in 1.S91 and 
 437,000 in 1890. During the same three years 
 the shipments from St. Louis increased from 
 317,000 tons to 409,000 tons. The immen.se 
 quantity of raw material, lead and zinc, oil and 
 similar products, accounts for the fact that in 
 four years the shipments into St. Louis in- 
 creased fully sixty per cent. 
 
 The Chicago & Alton 
 Railroad is a line very pop- 
 ular locally. It has only 850 
 miles of track, but e\ery mile is a good one, 
 and the connections with Chicago and Kansas 
 
 THE CHICAGO AND 
 ALTON. 
 
RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 
 
 r-n 
 
 THE "BURLINGTON 
 ROUTE." 
 
 City are a source of great profit to St. L,ouis 
 commerce, as the territory tliroui;h which the 
 road passes is rich in the extreme and an ever- 
 increasing source of trade. During the last two 
 or three years it has made vast improvements in 
 its train service, and the admirable condition in 
 which its ballasted track is kept is a source of 
 general pride to all connected with the road. It 
 haids in immense quantities of coal and of grain, 
 stock and fruit products, and it also affords ad- 
 mirable connection with Wisconsin and Michi- 
 gan and several Eastern States. A great 
 portion of its road has been double-tracked 
 recently, and the road is in a condition of great 
 prosperity. In 1892 it hauled into the city 
 12i;, ()()() tons of freight, as compared with 102,000 
 tons four years ago. During the same year, 
 lS!t2, it distributed 103,000 tons of St. Louis 
 merchandise, as compared with HI, 000 tons in 
 l.SSi). 
 
 The " Burlington," or 
 the " Q," is becoming- 
 more and more a St. Louis 
 road. Its management has of late years been 
 thoroughly impressed with the importance of 
 St. Louis as a shipping point, and the invest- 
 ments that have been made with a view to 
 increasing connections with the city have run 
 into the millions. This route by its own 
 rails affords connection with the best parts 
 of Illinois and ^lissouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Ne- 
 braska, Kansas, South Dakota, Wyoming and 
 Colorado. In addition to this, it reaches b)- 
 track of its own nearly every important busi- 
 ness center between St. Louis and the Rocky 
 mountains and Lake Michigan. Including the 
 wSt. Li mis, Keokuk & Western, the quantit)' 
 of freight hauled into the city in l'S;i2 was 
 nearly 1,000,000 tons. In its shipments out of 
 St.Louis the total tonnage reached TOtl.OOO, an 
 increase from 43"), 000 four )ears ago, showing 
 how immensely the distributing business has in- 
 creased. The management of this road has 
 chafed for years under what it considered its in- 
 adequate terminal facilities at St. Louis. Its 
 East St. Louis freight terminal was extensive, 
 but not sufficient to answer its purpose, and at 
 
 a heavy outlay a site was secured on this side 
 of the river for a freight house. It has erected 
 and is now operating on this property one of the 
 most convenient freight houses in the world. 
 This has a frontage on Franklin avenue of 140 
 feet, and the brick building, which is four 
 stories high, runs back 38 feet. The freight 
 shed is 770 feet in length, and there is thus 
 space, under cover, for five tracks, each capa- 
 ble of accommodating twenty cars. In other 
 words, a hundred cars of merchandise can be 
 handled under cover; a most important condition 
 in bad weather, especially with perishable 
 freight. Adjoining, there is accommodation for 
 about 150 cars on team tracks. This road is 
 also connecting itself with St. Louis by means 
 of a road on this side of the river running 
 north, crossing the Missouri ri\er at Alton over 
 bridges, to which reference will be made later. 
 When this new track is opened an immense 
 volume of business will be diverted to and 
 through St. Louis, and the present freight re- 
 turns will soon be made to look insignificant. 
 
 The Cleveland, Cincinnati & 
 
 Chicago Railway, known both 
 "BIG FOUR." „ un-i V^ > ,, , .i 
 
 as the " 1 liree C. s and the 
 
 "Big Four," crosses the States of Illinois, In- 
 diana and Ohio. The "Big Four" system 
 has recently acquired control of the Cincin- 
 nati, Sandusky & Cleveland R. R., Cincinnati, 
 Wabash & Michigan Ry. and Whitewater 
 R. R. The consolidatiiin of the numerous 
 independent lines of which this system is 
 now composed has been a matter of much 
 benefit to St. Louis, resulting as it has in 
 large improvements in transporting facilities. 
 The effect has been shown in the traffic re- 
 turns. The road is now hauling into the city 
 more than half a million tons of merchandise 
 every year, and distributing St. Louis products 
 weighing upwards of 300,000 tons per annum. 
 It hauls into the city every year about 5,000,- 
 000 bushels of coal, and in many other 
 ways contributes towards the city's prosperity 
 and growth. 
 
 The Jacksonville Southeastern Railroad (the 
 "J. S. E.") is a smaller line, which, however, 
 
58 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 THE LOUISVILLE 
 
 AND 
 
 NASHVILLE. 
 
 is quite important to the city. Its career has not 
 been an entirely fortunate one, and during the 
 current year a receiver was appointed to protect 
 certain interests. This was not in consequence 
 of any lack of patronage, as its freight ship- 
 ments increased over 100,000 tons in 1892. The 
 road is entitled to the thanks of the city for the 
 early enterprise it displayed in establishing ter- 
 minals on this side of the river, and in the early 
 future the road will acquire a prosperity to 
 which it is at present a stranger. 
 
 The Louisville S: Nash- 
 ville Railroad is of far 
 greater importance than its 
 name would indicate. It 
 connects St. Louis with the Soirthern and South- 
 eastern sections, and it operates considerably 
 more than three thousand miles of track in the 
 very best regions of the New South. In addition 
 to very valuable connections in Illinois and 
 Indiana, the L. & N. connects with all the 
 leading centers of Kentucky, Tennessee and 
 Alabama, and also runs into the States of Flor- 
 ida, ^Mississippi, Louisiana and Virginia. In 
 addition to its St. Louis terminus it has termini 
 at Memphis, Mobile, Pensacola, New Orleans 
 and other points; and among the commercial 
 centers of the South through which it nms are 
 Nashville and Birmingham. From St. Louis 
 the L. & N. runs through the exceptionally fer- 
 tile region of Soxithern Illinois and Indiana, 
 crossing the Ohio river at Henderson, Ken- 
 tucky, the Cumberland river at Clarksville, and 
 reaching the Mississippi again at Memphis. At 
 Nashville the main line from St. Louis connects 
 with the Louisville and Cincinnati line and runs 
 on to Binniugham, Montgomen,', Mobile, New 
 Orleans aud Pensacola. The new work of the 
 L- & N., in the way of railroad building, has 
 been mainly in Southwest Kentucky, Tennessee 
 and Virginia during the last few years. The 
 road is a most valuable one for the exportation 
 of St. Louis products to the Spanish- American 
 countries, and it is a great favorite with export- 
 ers. Last year it shipped from St. Louis nearly 
 2(59,000 tons of freight as compared with 207,000 
 tons the preceding year, and it also brought 
 
 into the city 5.56,000 tons, an increase of nearly 
 200,000 tons in two years. It is also interest- 
 ing to note that it hauled into the city about 
 7,000,000 bushels of coal in 1892 as compared 
 with about 4,000,000 in 1890. The L. & N. is 
 another of the roads which has appreciated the 
 necessity of terminal facilities on the west side 
 of the jNIississippi river. Having acquired a 
 block of property bounded by Broadwaj', Cass 
 avenue, Dickson and Collins streets, itproceeded, 
 toward the end of the year 1891, to construct a 
 two-story freight house measuring 5(58x50 feet. 
 The first floor has forty-two doors available for 
 the receipt and deliver}' of team freight, and 
 the adjoining team tracks afford everj' facility 
 for business. The second storj' runs the entire 
 length of the structure and is designed for the 
 warehousing of freight. 
 
 The "Air Line," as the 
 Louisville, Evausville & 
 
 THE "AIR LINE " AND 
 THE M. K. & T. 
 
 St. Louis Consolidated 
 Railway Company is generally called, connects 
 St. Louis with Louisville, nmniug through a 
 very important and prosperous section of South- 
 ern Illinois and Indiana. It has hauled into 
 St. Louis an immense quantity of merchandise 
 and raw material, the tonnage having grown 
 from 2(50,000 in 1889 to 4(5(5,000 in 1892. It 
 has done less work in way of distribution of 
 manufactured product. In 1889 it distributed 
 less than 10,000 tons of St. Louis-manufactured 
 goods. Since then the export business has in- 
 creased ten-fold, but it has not yet acquired 
 verv large proportions. During 1892 it hauled 
 into the city nearly 10,000,000 bushels of coal. 
 The ^lissouri, Kansas & Texas Railway is of 
 greater interest to St. Louis on account of fut- 
 ure prospects than actual developments. Within 
 a comparatively short space of time the track 
 connecting this system to St. Louis will be com- 
 pleted, bringing the enonnous mileage of this 
 system more directly within reach of the city's 
 manufactures aud staples. The principal offices 
 of the company are already situated in St. Louis, 
 a recognition of the fact that the States of Mis- 
 souri, Kansas and Texas, from which the road 
 takes its name, and from which it runs, are dis- 
 
RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 
 
 59 
 
 tiiictly St. Louis territory. The greatest mile- 
 age of this road is in Texas, where it exceeds 
 800 miles. It has also 375 miles in Kansas, 300 
 miles in Missouri, and 2-40 miles in the Indian 
 Territory. The completion of the track to St. 
 Lotiis with independent terminals will make 
 this the terminal city of a road which cannot 
 fail in the early future to play an immense part 
 in the destinies of St. Louis commerce. 
 IHE BALTIMORE '^^'^ Baltimore & Ohio Rail- 
 
 A ^,r. ^^.^ road, which includes the Ohio 
 
 i4A'i> Unlu. 
 
 & Mississippi, has become 
 
 more distinctly a St. Louis road during the pres- 
 ent year by the removal here of the offices of 
 the company which were formerly situated at 
 Cincinnati. In November, 1893, the offices were 
 finally removed to the Rialto building, where 
 the general passenger and general freight agents 
 and managers took up their headquarters. The 
 change was another admission on the part of 
 experts of the standing of St. Louis as a railroad 
 center, and the influence will be great on the 
 policy of the road. The Baltimore & Ohio 
 Southwestern Railroad by its absorption of the 
 Ohio & IMississippi has a mileage of 930 miles, 
 extending from St. Louis to Parkersburgh, West 
 Virginia. The old Ohio & Mississippi proper 
 extends from St. Louis to Cincinnati, a distance 
 of 340 miles, with several branches which con- 
 nect the city with various Illinois, Indiana 
 and Kentucky points. The consolidation gives 
 St. Louis another direct route to the Atlantic 
 sea-board, and will result at an early date'in 
 greatly increased railroad facilities between this 
 city and New York. It is too early to estimate 
 what the influence will be on the shipping re- 
 turns. The Ohio & Mississippi hauled in nearl\- 
 700,000 tons of freight in 1X92, including 
 12, i;s(), ()()() bushels of coal. It took from the 
 city nearly 170, OIK) tons of merchandise as com- 
 pared with i;')0,000 tons in 1.S90. 
 
 _„^ It cannot be said too fre- 
 
 THE 
 
 quently that the historv of 
 
 MISSOURI PACIFIC 7, ^/. ■ ,, -r r.' •, 
 
 the Missouri Pacihc Rail- 
 
 way IS the history of the 
 development of modern St. Louis. This chap- 
 ter, dealing as it does with the present rather 
 
 than with the past, is not the place to trace that 
 history in all its details. We have seen how 
 Mayor Darby lent impetus and weight to the 
 railroad agitation nearly sixty years ago, and 
 how j\Ir. Thomas Allen in 1849 drew an imagi- 
 nary picture of the road then contemplated, which 
 he believed would pay as a line connecting St. 
 Louis and Jefferson City. In June, 1853, the 
 first section of the railroad, extending to Frank- 
 lin, was opened, and in 1855 Jefferson City was 
 reached. 
 
 How insignificant do these little details 
 seem compared with the events of to-day, when 
 the Missouri Pacific and its connections inter- 
 sect the best sections of the St. Louis territory! 
 The Iron Mountain road was chartered some- 
 what later, and in 1858 the road was opened as 
 far as Pilot Knob. In lcS72 the road reached 
 the Arkansas boundary, and since then its ex- 
 tensions have been numerous. A glance at the 
 map now shows that the Missouri Pacific owned, 
 leased and operated lines connect a greater por- 
 tion of the State of Missouri with St. Louis, 
 bring a still larger portion of Kansas in touch with 
 the city, and also provide excellent facilities for 
 Nebraska, Colorado, Arkansas, Louisiana and 
 other States. St. Louis is the great terminus of 
 this mighty system, and the work it does is 
 best shown by the following figures, which have 
 been extracted from the annual reports of recent 
 years: 
 
 In 1885 the roads in this system hauled into 
 St. Louis about l,;iO0,000 tons out of a total of 
 7,497,093 tons by all roads. In 1889 it brought 
 in rather more than 1,800,000 tons ; in 1892 the 
 total tonnage by the Missouri Pacific system ex- 
 ceeded 2,250,000 tons, or more than twenty per 
 cent of the entire receipts from all sources. Last 
 year again it distributed no less than 1,2()(),000 
 tons of St. Louis merchandise throughout the 
 St. Louis territory, this being again about 
 twenty per cent of the total. With these figures 
 before him the reader will not think Trafirc 
 Commissioner Osgood's eulogy of this road over- 
 drawn. "This great system," he said, in his 
 annual report for the year 1^91, " yearly be- 
 comes more and more a factor in the commercial 
 
60 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 progress of this city. It has ever been among 
 the first to extend its lines into new territory, 
 thus constantly opening up to the commerce of 
 St. lyouis, the pivotal point of the entire system, 
 and, therefore, the point with which its vast 
 interests are chiefly identified, new fields of agri- 
 culture, mining, timber and stock-raising, bring- 
 ing the rich products of the entire West and 
 Southwest directly under contribution to her 
 trade. The significance of the situation can be 
 in a measure appreciated when it is stated that 
 its lines traverse 5,300 miles of productive ter- 
 ritory. It will be better understood when it is 
 seen that by its rails St. Louis is given direct 
 connection with the commercial centers and rich 
 farms of Missouri; the broad corn and wheat 
 fields and prosperous communities of Kansas; 
 the fertile river valleys and trade centers of the 
 richest districts of Nebraska; the mineral regions 
 and chief cities of Colorado; the agricultural, 
 fruit, mineral and timber lands of Arkansas; 
 the rapidly increasing populations of the pro- 
 ductive Indian Territory ( which at no far dis- 
 tant day is to become equal in prosperity with 
 any of the States on its borders ) ; the sugar plan- 
 tations of Louisiana, and the cotton and grain 
 fields and vast cattle ranges of Texas. Through 
 its connections it reaches to every other principal 
 part of the West and Southwest, including the Pa- 
 cific slope and Mexico. Its through passenger 
 service to all these districtsisadjustedwithspecial 
 reference to the requirements of the St. Louis 
 traveler; and as this is the gateway to the entire 
 system, St. Louis becomes the point upon which 
 the travel from the East destined to these districts 
 naturally converges. During the year 18Jtl 
 over 200 miles of new road were constructed and 
 added to the system, perhaps the most impor- 
 tant portion being the Houston, Central Ar- 
 kansas and Northern line, which will be in 
 operation to Alexandria, Louisiana, its junction 
 with the Texas and Pacific Railway, as soon as 
 the magnificent bridge by means of which it 
 will cross the Red river at that point is com- 
 pleted. This will give St. Louis immediate di- 
 rect connection with New Orleans and the Gulf. 
 St. Louis is the headquarters for the official staff 
 
 of the company, and is the point from which all 
 its operations are directed." 
 
 The Mobile & Ohio 
 Railway is an important 
 
 THREE VALUABLE 
 SOUTHERN ROADS. 
 
 trunk line connecting St. 
 Louis with the South. It runs through the States 
 of Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi and 
 Alabama, having its southern terminus at the 
 port of Mobile, 644 miles from St. Louis. Its 
 trains haul into St. Louis immense quan- 
 tities of cotton, lumber, vegetables and fruit, in 
 addition to about 4,000,000 bushels of coal every 
 year. It has freight headquarters in St. Louis, 
 in a building erected and owned by it for the 
 purpose. The very best sections of what is now 
 called the New South are traversed by the Mo- 
 bile & Ohio and its branches, and its influence 
 on the commerce of the city is marked. It 
 brings in nearly 700,000 tons of merchandise 
 every year, and takes away immense quantities 
 of manufactured goods. A very large percent- 
 age of the Spanish- American trade is transacted 
 over this road. From its southern terminus 
 there are regular steamship lines to Tampa, Key 
 West, Havana, Tampico, and other points, in 
 addition to a steamship service to both New- 
 York and European ports. 
 
 The ' ' Cairo Short Line, ' ' or, more properly, the 
 vSt. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railway, oper- 
 ates nearly 2M miles of road through a territory 
 which is tributary' to St. Louis in ever>' respect. 
 It crosses the Southern Illinois coal fields, and 
 hauls in 12,000,000 or 13,000,000 bushels oi 
 coal every }ear. It connects with the Illinois 
 Central, and gives a direct route between St. 
 Louis and Memphis and the most important 
 points in the Southern Mississippi Valley. Dur- 
 ing the last two or three years it has inaugu- 
 rated a number of improvements, which have 
 shortened the distance between St. Louis and a 
 large number of important points. The com- 
 pany also operates a line between St. Louis and 
 Paducah, Kentucky, connecting with diverging 
 lines, also with boats on the Ohio, Tennessee 
 and Cumberland rivers. The recent completion 
 of the Paducah, Tennessee & Alabama R. R., 
 built by St. Louis capitalists, from Paducah tc 
 
RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 
 
 61 
 
 Hollow Rock, Tennessee, has opened up a new 
 territory to this market, and through a connec- 
 tion with the N., C. & St. L. Ry. at Hollow 
 Rock, Tennessee, has formed a new short route 
 to the Southeast. The policy of the manage- 
 ment of this line is liberal, and it has at all times 
 been found to be alive to the interests of the 
 trade and commerce of St. Louis. The head- 
 quarters of the company are located here, and 
 the local facilities have been largely improved 
 by the erection of a new freight warehouse, and 
 otherwise. 
 
 The St. Louis Southwestern Railway, for- 
 merly known as the St. Louis, Arkansas & 
 Texas, but almost invariably described as the 
 "Cotton Belt," is a St. Louis line, with its 
 headquarters in this city, where its principal 
 officers reside. The 1,200 miles of its track are 
 of immense value to St. Louis, for they bring 
 within easy access of the city a large number 
 of important towns and a vast area of territory 
 tributary in every respect to St. Louis. The 
 mileage of the main system is 580 in IMissouri 
 and Arkansas, 40 in Louisiana, and fUO in 
 Texas. But by the number of its important 
 connections its importance to St. Louis is largely 
 enhanced. Its own rails reach a group of the 
 most popular and progressive cities of the South- 
 west, viz.: Little Rock, Pine Bluff and Camden, 
 Arkansas; Texarkana; Shreveport, Louisiana; 
 Fort Worth, Waco, Tyler, Corsicana, Green- 
 ville and Sherman, Texas. Lumber, cotton and 
 live stock are the items of freight it contributes 
 most largely to the St. Louis market, in ad- 
 dition to all the other products of agricultural 
 sections it traverses. 
 
 The V and alia, or the 
 Terre Haute & Indianapolis 
 Railroad, is another of the 
 very e.xtensive systems con- 
 necting St. Louis with the eastern roads. Run- 
 ning between St. Louis and Indianapolis, it there 
 connects with the great Pennsylvania system. 
 It has also connections between St. Joseph, 
 Michigan, and Terre Haute, Indiana, and thus 
 becomes valuable to St. Louis commerce in a 
 variety of ways. This road also handles 
 
 TO THE A TLASTIC 
 
 ASD 
 
 THE LAKES. 
 
 St. Louis freight destined for the Erie system, 
 and its business has become so great of late years 
 that during 18tll and 1892 it found it necessary 
 to build and open a large freight depot on this 
 side of the river between O' Fallon street and 
 Cass avenue. The Vandalia hauls into St. Louis 
 every year 11,000,000 or 12,000,000 bushels of 
 coal, and its general freight business is also 
 very large. 
 
 The Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City Rail- 
 way, known as the "Clover Leaf," forms an 
 important factor in the St. Louis railroad s\s- 
 tem. It runs a distance of 4.50 miles to Toledo, 
 Ohio, also operating over 250 miles of water lines 
 between Toledo and Buffalo. This road con- 
 nects St. Louis directly with Buffalo, Toledo, 
 Belfast, Decatur, Marian, Kokomo, Frankfort, 
 and many other important towns, besides pass- 
 ing through a very large area in which com- 
 merce and manufacture are both well repre- 
 sented. Since the gauge of this road has been 
 changed from narrow to standard, its impor- 
 tance has largely increased, and it has improved 
 its St. Louis connection by constructing a very 
 useful freight depot on the west side of the ri\er 
 between Broadway and Second street, at the 
 intersection of Brooklyn. A great increase in 
 business has resulted from this enterprise, and 
 the popularity' of the road in St. Louis is very 
 great. 
 
 The last of the St. Louis 
 
 THE WABASH 
 
 roads which will be mer 
 
 tioned specifically is the 
 Wabash, which connects St. Louis with twenty- 
 one cities, each of a population more than 
 10,000, and a total population of 2,-500,000. 
 The Wabash Eastern and the Wabash Western, 
 which are now combined under one manage- 
 ment, have 731 miles in Illinois, 500 in Mis- 
 souri, nearly 400 in Indiana, 125 in Iowa, 105 
 in Ohio, and 80 in Michigan, figures which 
 show very plainly the immense value of the 
 system to St. Louis. Every day it starts through 
 sleeping cars from the Mississippi to the princi- 
 pal cities on the Atlantic sea-board and Canada; 
 to the princijjal cities on the shores of the 
 northern lakes; to Chicago, St. Paul, Minne- 
 
62 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 apolis, Des Moines, and Denver, to say nothing 
 of the hundreds of intervening points. Tlie 
 through freight ser\ice is unique in its com- 
 pleteness; so much so that its cars bring into 
 the city every year nearly 1,000,000 tons of 
 freight, distributing more than 500,000 tons 
 of merchandise. It brings from the Illi- 
 nois coal fields over 7,000,000 bushels of coal 
 yearly, and the returns from all sources are con- 
 tinually increasing. This is strictly a St. Louis 
 road, with headquarters in the city. It has 
 within the last two or three )-ears greatly in- 
 creased its freight terminal facilities on this side 
 of the river. The old switching yard on North 
 Market street has been changed into a large 
 loading and unloading j'ard, and an outside yard, 
 with a capacity of a thousand cars, has been 
 established just east of Bellefontaine cemetery. 
 This road has excellent terminal facilities and 
 entrances to the city, and thus is able to haul 
 unlimited quantities of merchandise without 
 difficulty. 
 
 One of the most signifi- 
 TtiE EADS BRIDGE ., . , 
 
 cant tributes paid to Aew 
 AND TERMINALS. c^ t ■ • .- i 
 
 bt. L,ouis since it emerged 
 
 from comparative dullness, has been in the in- 
 creased terminal facilities provided by the rail- 
 roads centering in the city and by the large 
 increase in the number of roads having freight 
 depots on this side of the river. As far as possible 
 controversial subjects are avoided in this work, 
 Ijut it is impossible to o\-erlook the fact that the 
 bridge and terminal monopoly w'hich prevailed 
 for ten or fifteen years was prejudicial to the 
 city's commercial growth. It seems xmgener- 
 ous to state this in plain -words and without an 
 explanation, for it is obvious that, although this 
 monopoly retarded progress and enterprise, the 
 facilities provided by the Eads bridge have been 
 worth, and are still worth, countless millions to 
 the city. This bridge is one of the great things 
 familiarity with which has bred, if not contempt, 
 at least neglect of appreciation. Its construc- 
 tion was a work of enterprise of the most 
 noble character, and the bridge itself is one of 
 the finest in the world. The bridge was built 
 on solid rock, and it is an invulnerable fortress. 
 
 capable of bearing almost any weight and with- 
 standing the force of any flood. It consists of 
 three graceful arches of steel, each 520 feet in 
 length. Huge piles of masonry rest on solid 
 rock, and the piers are between i'l and 127 feet 
 below high-water mark. The masonry in this 
 bridge measured 69,000 cubic yards; the iron 
 used weighed 6,300,000 pounds, and the steel 
 arches came within two-thirds of that weight. 
 The bridge is two-stories high, the first story 
 being used by railroads, and the upper story 
 forming a splendid highway for vehicles between 
 St. Louis and East St. Louis, and the States of 
 Missouri and Illinois. Something not contem- 
 plated by the designers has lately been added, 
 and an electric road now affords additional facil- 
 ities of communication between St. Louis and 
 its thriving suburb on the east side of the river. 
 The bridge is 2,225 feet long between its abut- 
 ments, and its clearance above the St. Louis 
 directrix is 55 feet. It took seven years to con- 
 struct and was finally finished in 1874. In the 
 same year the tunnel was constructed connect- 
 ing the eastern approach at the foot of Wash- 
 ington avenue with the Mill Creek Valley, and 
 a union passenger depot was established. 
 
 We have said that much as the management 
 of this bridge has been criticised from time to 
 time, the value of the bridge to the city's com- 
 merce has been enormous. The unfortunate feat- 
 ure was the terminating of the roads from the 
 East on the east side of the river. Freight from 
 the East was billed for years to East St. Louis and 
 brought o\er the river by the company owning 
 the bridge and terminal facilities. In addition 
 to the sentimental objection to a city of the 
 first class being ignored in bills of lading and 
 receiving from the East second-hand through a 
 comparatively small city, the commerce of the 
 city was handicapped by the additional charges, 
 and as New St. Louis gained strength and form 
 the clamor for additional bridge facilities to de- 
 stroy the monopoly became very strong. In 
 1886 the Merchants' Exchange, which had been 
 giving the matter attention for years, brought 
 the agitation to a focus, and a committee was 
 formed, consisting of Messrs. S. W. Cobb, C. C. 
 
RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 
 
 63 
 
 Rainwater, John R. Holmes, John Whittaker, 
 I). R. Francis, John D. Perry and John M. Gil- 
 keson. Tliis committee succeeded in obtaining 
 a charter from Cono;ress, which was approved 
 by President Clevekxnd in February, 1S.S7. In 
 June of the same year the necessary franchise 
 for terminals was obtained from the city of 
 St. lyouis, and general rejoicing at the certainty 
 of early emancipation from the difficulties com- 
 plained of were the result. On April 24, 1886, 
 Messrs. S. W. Cobb, John R. Holmes, John M. 
 Gilkeson and C. C. Rainwater filed the neces- 
 sary application with the Secretary of State for 
 the incorporation of St. Louis Merchants' Bridge 
 Company, and on April 2Hth the company's 
 subscription books were opened. 
 
 The act of Congress al- 
 
 TtiE SECOND BRIDGE 
 ACROSS 
 
 THE MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 ready referred to author- 
 ized the construction of 
 the bridge provided that 
 no bridge should be constructed across the j\Iis- 
 sissippi river within two miles above or below 
 the Eads bridge, and as the result of this restric- 
 tion, which in many ways has proved advan- 
 tageous to the city, the new bridge was planned 
 in the northern manufacturing section. A bridge 
 without terminals would be of little value, and 
 hence the application to the municipal author- 
 ities for franchise for terminal tracks; the rights 
 were freely given, and have since been extended, 
 with a result that the company has been able to 
 complete the system of very admirable termi- 
 nals. The St. Louis Merchants' Bridge Termi- 
 nal Railway Company was formally established 
 in August, 1887. The length of the railroad 
 was specified in the charter as fourteen miles, 
 and the life of the corporation was fixed at fifty 
 years. Work was commenced on the bridge 
 early in ISSi), and was completed the same 
 year, the liridge being opened for traffic in ISIK). 
 It is a handsome light structure of immense 
 strength. The piers rest on hard limestone 
 rock which was leveled for the purpose and thor- 
 oughly cleaned of all new shale, clay and sand. 
 The caissons were solidly packed with concrete, 
 and limestone from Bedford, Indiana, was used 
 to within three feet of the low- water line; above 
 
 this level to the high-water line Missouri granite 
 is used, and above this, Bedford limestone. The 
 dimension stone was laid in Portland cement 
 mortar, and the backing in Louisville cement. 
 In order to make a less abrupt break in the grade 
 between the level grade of the bridge and that 
 of the approaches, the two river piers were 
 raised so that the clear height in the center of 
 the central span is fifty-two feet above high 
 water, instead of fifty feet as required by the act 
 of Congress, and the height at the end of the 
 shore spans is about four inches less. This gives 
 a much better bridge from a navigation stand- 
 point than the law contemplated. 
 
 On the west end of the bridge the apjaroach 
 crosses Ferry street twice. The crossing near- 
 est the bridge is made by a viaduct resting on 
 cylinder piers; the crossing furthest from the 
 bridge is a deck span 125 feet long resting on 
 masonry piers. There is one other street over- 
 head crossing which is made by masonry abut- 
 ments and steel girders. The intermediate 
 space between the structures are either solid 
 earthwork or a substantial timber trestle. On 
 the east end of the bridge, between the 425-foot 
 length of permanent structure and the over- 
 head crossing at the Chicago & Alton, Bee Line 
 and Wabash railroads, and east of this last 
 named structure to the earth embankment, the 
 intermediate spaces are filled with a wooden 
 trestle. The bridge at the crossing of these 
 three railroads is made by two masonry abut- 
 ments on which rest a 175-foot span and a 
 4()-foot steel girder. The entire bridge and ap- 
 proaches is built for double track. The style of 
 the three spans of the main bridge is a double 
 intersection pin-connected truss with horizontal 
 bottom-chord and a curved top-chord. The 
 entire structure is of steel, except pedestals and 
 ornamental parts, which are of cast-iron, and 
 nuts, swivels and clevises, which are of wrought 
 iron. The steel was required to stand an ulti- 
 mate tensile strain in the sample bar from 
 (j;-},000 to 7(),n()() pounds per square inch, with 
 an elastic limit of not less than 38,000 pounds. 
 Finished bars, selected by the engineer, were 
 subjected to a breaking test, the requirement 
 
64 
 
 OLD AMD NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 being an elongation of ten per cent before break- 
 ing. Tiie structures are so proportioned that 
 under ail possible conditions tlie material cannot 
 be subjected to injurious strain. 
 
 THE MERCHANTS' ^' ^''^ "f ^^ ^''^^■'''•'^^ 
 
 approach there are three 
 BRIDGE TERMINALS. ^. .. 
 
 connecting lines, one to 
 
 the north, connecting with the three railroads 
 above mentioned; and one to the east, on the 
 line of the east approach extended, connecting 
 with the Toledo, vSt. Louis & Kansas City Rail- 
 road; one to the south, connecting with the 
 Venice ik. Caroudelet Belt Railway and the 
 East St. Louis & Caroudelet Railway, through 
 which belt railroads connection is made with 
 the Vandalia, the Ohio & Mississippi, Louis- 
 ville & Nashville, and all other roads which 
 reach St. Louis. 
 
 The west approach connects with the Wabash 
 Railroad, and also with the lines of the St. Louis 
 Transfer Company. The system also has a con- 
 nection with the Chicago & Burlington Rail- 
 road on both sides of the river, and is connected 
 with the St. Louis & San Francisco and other 
 railroads. By franchises more recently ob- 
 tained, it has acquired the right to construct a 
 belt line circling the city, and crossing every 
 road entering it from the west. A great deal of 
 work has already been done on this road, and 
 the iniprovemcnt in shipping facilities is 
 marked. The Merchants' bridge is connected 
 with the Mill Creek Valley tracks and the 
 Union (le]j<)l by means of an elevated structure 
 along the river front and across the intervening 
 city blocks. By means of this connection, it is 
 probable that in the early future an overhead 
 route will be established between the river and 
 the Union depot for all passenger trains. This 
 probability has been increased during the last 
 year by the establishment of a modus vivcndi 
 between the two bridge and terminal companies. 
 While the Merchants' Bridge and Terminal 
 Company was increasing the city's terminal 
 facilities, the older corporation also showed 
 great enterprise, immensely increasing the mile- 
 age of its tracks and the extent of its accommo- 
 dations. During the year 1893 it was found 
 
 that unnecessary expense was being incurred 
 in duplicate systems of terminals, and an agree- 
 ment was arrived at whereby the competition 
 between the two systems was terminated. It 
 must be left to future historians to decide whether 
 this step was an unmi.xed blessing to the city 
 or not. It is an event of too recent occurrence 
 to be dispassionately considered at this time of 
 writing. Opponents of the amalgamation con- 
 demn it as the re-establishment of a monopoly 
 which it took seven or eight years of work to 
 overcome, and to this feeling may be attributed 
 a revival in the fall and winter of 1893 of the 
 project to construct a third bridge across the 
 Mississippi at St. Louis. A charter was ol;- 
 taiiied for a bridge in Caroudelet several years 
 ago, and soundings which have been made 
 within the last few weeks indicate that the pro- 
 ject has not been entirely abandoned. 
 
 The amalgamation or absorption, whichever 
 may be the correct legal term, is defended by the 
 parties most interested and also by a large sec- 
 tion of the business community, on the ground 
 that the combined system of terminals with two 
 l)ri(lges, will afford facilities for the rapid hand- 
 ling of merchandise unequaled in the past. The 
 influence of the Merchants' bridge, and of the 
 agitation against the billing of freight to East 
 St. Louis from the East, has been seen in the 
 immense number of freight depots on this side 
 of the river, which have been constructed during 
 the last three years. These depots will continue 
 to play an important part in the railroad busi- 
 ness of the city, in spite of the removal of com- 
 petition between the two bridges. It takes 
 more than a few months to change customs in 
 force for years, and the freight depots on the 
 west side are only just beginning to be appre- 
 ciated at their full worth. AiKjther argument, 
 strongly in favor of the amalgamation which 
 has just been effected, has relation to passenger 
 traffic. The immense number of passenger 
 trains between St. Louis and eastern points has 
 caused the capacity of the tunnel to be over- 
 taxed, and for other reasons an overhead route 
 to the new Union depot would l)e hailed with 
 general satisfaction. According to the theories 
 
RAILROAD AND KIMIR lACIIJTII-.S. 
 
 65 
 
 TWO NEW BRinUES 
 IN 189-t. 
 
 of well-iiifornied railroad men, a hxxy^c projjor- 
 tion of the passenger traffic would be diverted 
 to the Merchants' bridge and would proceed 
 from its western approach, either by means of 
 the ele\-ated raihuad already referred to, or by 
 the belt road, which would take the trains in a 
 westerly direction, and bring them into the 
 Union depot from the west. This latter route 
 would necessarily increase the distance some- 
 what, but it would take passengers through the 
 residence portions of the city, and nu\ke little 
 difference in the time occupied by the journey. 
 The railroad and bridge 
 facilitii'S of the city will 
 be largely strengthened by 
 111 new bridges in course of construction across 
 the Mississippi and Missouri rivers a few miles 
 north of St. Louis. One of these is known as 
 the Bellefontaine bridge, and crosses the Mis- 
 souri river three and a half miles from the Mis- 
 sissippi. The bridge, which is rapidly aj)- 
 proaching completion, is a splendid struclure, 
 about I,7.S() feet in length. It is supported by 
 five piers, and will be a l)ridge of exceptional 
 strength. The other bridge is at Alton, over 
 the I\Iississi])pi ri\er. It is also being rajjidly 
 pushed forward to completion, and will be used 
 as a means of securing a northern inlet to the 
 city for the ' ' Burlington ' ' and other roads. The 
 influence of these bridges on the railroad sys- 
 tem of the city and its eastern and northern 
 connections will be enormous, and already it 
 is being felt in a variety of ways. At Alton, 
 they have enlivened the real estate market and 
 encouraged the hning out of additions. That 
 there will be many more is a certain fact. The 
 "Burlington" is famous for fostering its su- 
 burban traffic and, out of Chicago especially, 
 gives particular attention to it. The jilan of 
 building u]) such business is to be adhered to 
 here, and it is easy to jirophesy that within two 
 or three years we shall see the entire line of the 
 road between St. Louis and Alton built up with 
 lovely suburban homes. Many have already 
 taken advantage of the prospect in view and 
 bought large tracts of land with the ultimate 
 purpose of making suburban tracts of them, 
 
 while some others have built upon the wayside, 
 hoping to reap their reward after many years. 
 It has been announced that the "Big Four," the 
 Chicago & Alton and the " I'lurlington. " sys- 
 tems will use the Alton and Bcllefontaine 
 bridges. There are others also who have come 
 into the fold since, and have contracted, or will 
 contract, to use them. Besides the RL K. & E. 
 and the M. K. & T. systems, together with the 
 St. Louis, Keokuk &. Northwestern on the south, 
 there is also the vSt. Louis & San iManeiseo to 
 use it for east and west-bound freights, and it is 
 surmised that another one will before long make 
 a contract with the owners of the two bridges, 
 b'rom the north and east, in addition to those 
 already named, there are the Jacksonville South- 
 eastern, wdiich will ])robably come into Alton 
 direct by the "Bluff Line;" the "Santa Fe," 
 which will come by the same route; possibly the 
 Illinois Central also, via the "Bluff Line;" 
 while the Wabash will build to the Belt Line, 
 via Kdwardsville crossing, and connect with 
 the bridges; and it is quite likely that the Penn- 
 sylvania will build from Highland or Green- 
 ville, which lie directly east of Alton, and use 
 the bridges as the rest will. In any event, it is 
 certain that they will have plenty of traffic and 
 be a most important factor in the commerce of 
 St. Louis, as well as of Alton. 
 
 The two bridges, it is understood, are to be 
 free, except a yearly rental charged roads not in- 
 terested in the building of them, and rates may 
 be made independent of the Kads, Merchants' or 
 any other method of crossing the Mississipjii. 
 .\t Lamothe Place there is to be an important 
 transfer station with plenty of side-tracks, 
 where the transfers of east and west-bound 
 freight cars will be made and new trains 
 be made up, as also at Kast Alton. All in 
 all, the new bridges, when completed, will 
 1)e the most im]K)rtant accessions to the business 
 of vSt. Louis since the building of the Ivads and 
 the Merchants' bridges. They will invoKe a 
 saving of fifty miles and a week of transfer, 
 opening up a new suburban territory and offer- 
 ing many other advantages too numerous to 
 mention here, but which will develop as time 
 
66 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 moves on and the bridges and their connections 
 are bnilt and pnt into operation. 
 
 The work of bnilding these bridges, as a total, 
 far surpasses the entire labor of building the 
 Eads bridge, and, with their connections and 
 terminals, it forms one of the most majestic 
 conceptions of modern times. Two bridges not 
 more than four miles apart, the distance from 
 Alton to St. Louis reduced to sixteen miles, 
 many miles of railroad through what was con- 
 sidered an impassable country-, subject as it is to 
 annual overflows, all concentrating at one point 
 for the general good and direct benefit of them- 
 selves and St. Louis, is a result which five years 
 ago was laughed at, and even sneered at, by 
 many of the most well-informed people. 
 
 It will thus be 
 THE LARGEST PASSENOER .1 ^ ^i -, 
 
 seen that the rail- 
 
 ^^^^^ road facilities of 
 
 IN THE WORLD. g^ j^^^^j^ ^^^ ^^ 
 
 the present time nu^onificent, and that in the 
 innnediate future they will become even more 
 distinctly superior to those of any other city. It 
 is therefore strictly in order that New vSt. Louis 
 should have a Union depot better and more 
 gigantic than can be found elsewhere, and this 
 it is to have. Simultaneously with the publish- 
 ing of this work there will be opened the finest 
 depot in the world, audits builders have decided 
 to adopt the European and eastern appellation 
 and call it the ' ' St. Louis Union Station. " Noth- 
 ing but never-ceasing care has enabled the enor- 
 mous passenger traffic for the last few years to be 
 carried on at all, let alone safely and promptly, 
 at the old Union depot on Twelfth street, and 
 ten years ago a new depot was determined upon. 
 In 1886 the movement took definite shape in the 
 formation of the Union Depot Company by the 
 Missouri Pacific, the Cleveland, Cincinnati & 
 St. Louis, the Iron Mountain & Southern, the 
 Louisville & Nashville, the Ohio & Mississippi 
 and the Wabash. It was not designed that the 
 promoting companies should use the new struct- 
 ure and tracks exclusively, but upon them fell 
 the responsibility of the great task. Jay Gould 
 took a personal interest in the proposition, and 
 many discussions as to the form to be adopted 
 
 took place. The platforms of the old depot run 
 east and west, and the through system is used; 
 the platforms of the new station run north and 
 south, and it is designed on the terminal and 
 " pocket " plan. The step was not taken with- 
 out mature deliberation, and that the wiser 
 counsels prevailed is generally admitted. Mr. 
 William Taussig, the president of the company, 
 and Mr. Theo. C. Link, the architect, will ever 
 be spoken of with pride by St. Louisans for 
 designing and giving to St. Louis ///e largest 
 Union Railroad Station in. the world. 
 
 There is no exaggeration in this expression. 
 The St. Pancras Station in London is generally 
 spoken of as an exceptionally large depot, but 
 is less than half the size of the new station at 
 St. Louis, which also covers more ground than 
 the two magnificent depots of the Pennsylvania 
 road at Jersey City and Philadelphia put to- 
 gether. Ranked in order of area the seven 
 great representative depots of the world are: 
 
 New Union Station, St.Louis 
 Union Depot, Frankfurt, 
 
 Germany 
 
 Reading Railroad Station, 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Sta- 
 tion, Philadelphia 
 St. Pancras Station, London 
 Pennsylvania R:.ilr..:.cl Sta- 
 
 
 ll 
 
 il 
 i-r. 
 
 606 by 700 feet 
 
 424,200 
 
 552 by 600 feet 
 
 331,200 
 
 360 by 800 feet 
 
 288,000 
 
 306 by 647 feet 
 240 by 700 feet 
 
 107,082 
 168,000 
 
 256 by 653 feet 
 
 167,168 
 
 200 by 750 feet 
 
 150,000 
 
 The depot and sheds together cover six city 
 blocks, bounded on the north by Market 
 street, on the south by the Mill Creek Valley 
 tracks, on the east by Eighteenth street, and on 
 the west by Twentieth street. The total area 
 covered is equal to ten acres, and 200,000 men 
 could stand under its roof at one time. No less 
 than 12,000,000 pounds of steel, 2,aOO,000 feet 
 of lumber, 5,000,000 bricks, 3,000,000 nails, 
 lOO, ()()() cubic feet of stone, 200,000 roofing tik 
 and 5tl,000 square yards of plastering have been 
 
 *Iucluding sheds, buildings, &c., the area covered is 
 really about twelve acres. 
 
RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 
 
 (57 
 
 used in the work, and the total cost of the 
 structure, iuchidiug the purchase of the site, 
 exceeds $l,l)<><», ()()(). A detailed description of 
 a building of this magnitude is well-nigh im- 
 possible, but some of the most striking features 
 must be recorded. At Eighteenth street there 
 is an entrance-way and stair-case fifty feet wide, 
 but the main entrances are on Market street, 
 where carriages can drive in through a semi- 
 circular drive-way to the approach to the grand 
 stair-case. The basement of the depot is on a 
 level with the tracks under the train-shed, and 
 the first floor is a little above the Market street 
 level. 
 
 Passengers to the city cannot fail to be im- 
 pressed with the grand waiting-rooms through 
 which they will pass. The general waiting-room 
 has a floor area of 10,000 square feet, and is of 
 exceptional altitude. The decorations, both of 
 the walls and the ceiling, are appropriate and 
 costly, and in the center there is to be a Bureau of 
 Information, at which questions of all character 
 will be answered. The grand waiting-room, on 
 the first floor above, has an area of 12,000 square 
 feet, and is sixty feet high. The decorations of 
 this room are magnificent, and no less than 3,000 
 incandescent lights will be used for its illumina- 
 tion. The ladies' parlors, which are now prac- 
 tically completed, are also models of excellence; 
 and the general offices, railroad, telegraphic and 
 otherwise, are of the most perfect character. 
 When the Municipal Assembly granted the 
 necessary authority for closing the streets run- 
 ning through the ten-acre tract now covered by 
 the depot, it was stipulated that the main build- 
 ing should cost not less than $800,000. The 
 actual cost of this portion of the work has not 
 been made public, but it is so far in excess of 
 the minimum named in the franchise, that those 
 who took the precaution to put in the figures 
 feel now that their ideas of the work proposed 
 were extremely conservative. 
 
 The train-shed is 
 more remarkable than 
 
 PLAN OF THE 
 UNION STATION SHED. 
 
 the building itself. It 
 is (lOi; feet wide, nearly TOO feet long, and l(ll» 
 feet hiirh. The roof of the shed forms an arch 
 
 of (JOO feet radius, the height varying from 
 30 feet at the sides to the 100 feet already 
 mentioned in the center. The roof is supported 
 by forty-four outer cohnnns, forty-four interme- 
 diate columns and twenty-four middle columns 
 of great strength. The roof is almost entirely 
 of glass, of which there are used altogether 
 120,000 square feet in the work, all of St. L,ouis 
 manufacture. An extension to the train-shed 
 calls for 42,000 square feet of space, and will 
 give the depot facilities for handling an unlim- 
 ited amount of traffic expeditiously and safely. 
 The number of tracks provided for in this shed 
 is thirty-two, twice as many as are to be found 
 in the Pennsylvania depot at Philadelphia, and 
 nearly twice as many as in the large depot at 
 Frankfurt, Germany. Between the tracks will 
 be hardwood platforms, twel\-e feet in the clear. 
 As already mentioned, the tracks run into the 
 depot from south to north, and the platforms 
 parallel the tracks, bounded at the southern 
 end by fences and gates. Along the Eighteenth 
 street side there is also a fift\--foot platform for 
 the exclusive use of promenaders, who will not 
 be allowed to go on the platforms. 
 
 Seventy feet from the rear depot wall a bag- 
 gage-room extends 300 feet southward. This 
 will be the most complete quick-service room in 
 the country, and will be so great an improve- 
 ment over the accommodations hitherto enjoyed 
 by the travelers through St. Louis that com- 
 parison is out of question. One more feature 
 of the depot must be mentioned, because of the 
 ingenuity of which it gives evidence, and also 
 of the immense advantages that will accrue. 
 This has relation to the .system of tracks and 
 their entrance to the sheds, which have been so 
 arranged that no engine will come under the 
 massive roof. In the good days to come, loco- 
 motives will be equipped with smoke-consuming 
 devices, but even then they will be objection- 
 able under cover. Now, they give forth vol- 
 umes of smoke and make a variety of unpleas- 
 ant noises, and their room is far preferable to 
 their company; and it is a splendid feature of 
 the new depot that the air in the sheds will 
 always be perfectly clear and pure. The thirty- 
 
68 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 two tracks will vary In length from 400 to 
 1,200 feet, and they will converge into a bottle- 
 shaped junction or throat at the south end. 
 A train coming in from either direction will run 
 past the shed; the engine will be re\ersed and 
 the train backed in over the curved "Y" to 
 its respective track. No switching will be 
 required, as the trains will be made up and 
 ready to resume their respective journeys in 
 either direction vhen required. The switches 
 will all be controlled by the lever-locking sys- 
 tem, from a switch-tower of considerable height. 
 There will be no possibility of collisions, and 
 the service will be improved and expedited in 
 the most pronounced manner. 
 
 If the arrangement already described, whereby 
 all passenger trains will enter the city via the 
 Mill Creek Valley from the west, is carried out, 
 the system will be still greater in its simplicity. 
 At the first opening of the depot, however, the 
 Wabash, Missouri Pacific, Iron Mountain, Keo- 
 kuk, Colorado, and San Francisco trains, with 
 others rising their tracks, will come in from the 
 west under the Twenty-first street bridge, pass- 
 ing the shed entrance and then backing in as 
 described. The Wabash Eastern, Chicago «& 
 Alton, " Burlington," " Cairo Short lyine," "Big 
 Four," Illinois Central, Louisville & Nashville, 
 Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis and Balti- 
 more & Ohio trains will at first run up the Mill 
 Creek Valley from the eastern approach, pass 
 under the Eighteenth street bridge, and back 
 into the shed and depot from the west. 
 
 The official announcement has been made that 
 the depot will be open for traffic next March 
 (1894), and there seems every reason to believe 
 that the promise will be carried out and that the 
 magnificent depot will be in use before the sum- 
 mer travel commences. 
 
 The extraordinary' rail- 
 road facilities of St. Louis 
 
 Uh UUK , 
 
 have, to a great extent, 
 RIVER CONNECTIONS. \ . , .^ 
 
 overshadowed its river 
 
 facilities, and have caused sight to be lost of the 
 
 fact that St. Louis is the chief port in 18,000 
 
 miles of inland waterways. In years gone by 
 
 the river was the making of St. Louis, and al- 
 
 THB IMPORTANCE 
 
 though the city's greatness is due more to the rail- 
 roads than to the river, no treatise on the great- 
 ness of St. Louis will ever be complete without 
 a reference to the river and the enormous traffic 
 that it has witnessed. " There is no warrant," 
 to quote from the memorial presented by the 
 Merchants' Exchange in 1892 to the Fifty- 
 second Congress, in favor of the deepening of 
 the ri\-er channel between St. Louis and the 
 Criilf, " for the assertion that in this age of rail- 
 roads rivers have lost their fascination and 
 influence over the people, and that it is as easy 
 to build up a great and populous city at a dis- 
 tance from navigable water as upon its shore. 
 The histor\' of settlements in this country, as 
 well in the last forty years of railroad making, 
 as in the one hundred and fifty that preceded it, 
 attests the continued ascendency of navigable 
 streams and lakes over the popular mind, and 
 their great value in commercial, industrial and 
 distributive economies. The same forces that 
 located New York at the mouth of the Hudson, 
 Philadelphia on the Delaware, Baltimore on the 
 Patapsco, New Orleans and St. Louis on the 
 Mississippi, Pittsburgh,Ciiicinnati and Louisville 
 on the Ohio, and Chicago and Milwaukee on 
 Lake Michigan, before railroads were thought 
 of, have assisted to build up Minneapolis, vSt. 
 Paul, LaCrosse, Winona, Dubuque, Davenport, 
 Rock Island, IMuscatine, Keokuk, Hannilial, 
 Quincy, Cairo, Memphis and Vicksburg on the 
 Mississippi, Evansville, Owensboro and I'a- 
 ducah on the Ohio, and Kansas City, Leaven- 
 worth, St. Joseph, Omaha, Council Bluffs, Sioux 
 City, Pierre and Bismarck on the Missouri; and 
 it may be observed that in the settlement of the 
 newer portions of the Mississipi^i Valley in the 
 last half century, it has ever been the rule to 
 found the leading cities and towns on rivers and 
 lakes, if there were rivers or lakes within reach, 
 unless special agencies dictated a different loca- 
 tion. And it is a fact not without significance 
 that the cities, founded on the waterside, which 
 were leading cities as far back as 1830, have 
 maintained their pre-eminence in the face of 
 railway influences, and are leading cities in 
 1892. Pittsburgh, at the head of the Ohio, con- 
 
RAILROAD A.VD RIVER FACILITIES. 
 
 G9 
 
 tinues to be the largest city in Western Pennsyl- 
 vania; Cincinnati, on the Ohio, and Cleveland, 
 on Lake Erie, are the largest cities in Ohio; 
 Chicago is the chief city of Illinois, St. Louis 
 and Kansas City of Missouri, Louisville of Ken- 
 tucky, St. Paul and Minneapolis of Minnesota, 
 Omaha of Nebraska, Memphis and Nashville of 
 Tennessee, Little Rock of Arkansas, Vicksburg 
 of Mississippi and New Orleans, Shreveport and 
 Baton Rouge of Louisiana — and there are good 
 reasons for believing that these cities, all located 
 on the waterside, will continue to maintain their 
 ascendency in their respective States for genera- 
 tions to come." 
 
 The actual population of the Mississippi river 
 States alone is 1<S,;300,000, while the population 
 of the Mississippi Valley States is over 2.S ,(i( 10, ()( )(). 
 The region drained by the Mississippi and its 
 tributaries embraces one-half the States in the 
 Union and nearly one-half the population, and 
 the immense value of the city's river location 
 can easily be understood when this fact is taken 
 into consideration. According to the census 
 of 1.S90 upwards of 31, 000, OOO tons of freight 
 were carried during the year 1SS9 on the 
 Mississippi and its tributaries, the principal 
 commodities and the tonnage of each being as 
 follows: 
 
 COJ1.M0DITIES. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Coal 
 
 10,632,109 
 
 Forest Products 
 
 10,531,189 
 
 MerchaiuHse 
 
 5,886.259 
 
 Wheat 
 
 1,068,504 
 
 Cotton 
 
 GSG,635 
 
 Irou Ore 
 
 536,647 
 
 Cotton Seed and Oil 
 
 392,988 
 
 Corn 
 
 266,071 
 
 Suf,'ar and Molasses 
 
 189,82!) 
 
 Animal Products 
 
 109,470 
 
 Stone and Gravel 
 
 158,453 
 
 Clay and Sand 
 
 141,404 
 
 Manufactured Iron 
 
 122,060 
 
 Mill Products 
 
 88,129 
 
 Hav 
 
 7S,G35 
 
 Other Gr.ii 11 
 
 51,308 
 
 Fruits au.l \-.-^,t,.l ,1. s 
 
 23,091 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 17,707 
 
 Pig Iron 
 
 5,506 
 
 Oils 
 
 3,128 
 
 Ice 
 
 4,000 
 
 Cement, Brick and Lime 
 
 1,231 
 
 Total 
 
 31,054,423 
 
 
 PROSPECTS OF 
 
 INCREASED 
 
 RIVER TRAFFIC. 
 
 The river equipment of the streams with 
 which St. Louis has direct traffic and large pro- 
 prietary interest embrace upwards of 1,300 
 boats, with an aggregate tonnage of 480,000, 
 the actual of weight of freight moved on them 
 amounting to about one-half the total given 
 above. 
 
 It could scarcely be ex- 
 pected that the river traffic 
 to and from St. Louis would 
 show a large increase when 
 the immense railroad freight returns are taken 
 into consideration, but considerably rtpwards of 
 1,000,000 tons of freight are received at the 
 city and shipped from it every year. The re- 
 turns would be infinitely larger but for suspen- 
 sions of traffic caused by low water, and for 
 several years the efforts of the Merchants' Ex- 
 change have been directed towards the securing 
 from the Federal Government a measure of jus- 
 tice in the matter of river improvement. The 
 movement, warmly supported by Mr. E. A. Noo- 
 nan, during his administration as mayor, came 
 to a definite head in the years 1891 and 1892, 
 when the executive committee of the commercial 
 and manufacturing associations of St. Louis for 
 the improvement of the Mississippi river secured 
 the introduction of a bill appropriating $8, 000, 000 
 annually for the improvenrent of the river. This 
 bill passed the Senate, but owing to the strong 
 opposition in the House, it was deemed inad- 
 visable to run the risk of pushing it, and in its 
 l)lace there was obtained an appropriation of 
 $4,000,000 per annum for four years, for con- 
 tinuous work on the Mississippi river from 
 St. Paul to New Orleans. This work is 
 now in progress, and a concerted effort will 
 be made to have the appropriations continued 
 indefinitely until St. Louis becomes a seaport, 
 and until the river is navigable at all periods of 
 the year, except when closed by ice. 
 
 The high water of the year 1892 reduced the 
 river tonnage considerably. During the months 
 of April, May, Juueand July the average stage of 
 the river at St. Louis was about twenty feet, as 
 compared with zero of gauge in the year 18()3, 
 and again in December, 1893. This latter indi- 
 
70 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 cated about twelve feet of water in the channel in 
 the harbor of St. lyouis, with four and some- 
 times only three feet of water in places between 
 
 here and Cairo. The arrivals and departures at 
 and from the port of St. Louis during the last 
 twenty years are as follows: 
 
 
 ARRI 
 
 •ALS. 
 
 
 
 DEPARTURES. | 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 Uoats. 
 
 Barges. 
 
 Tons of 
 I'-reight 
 Rfceivea. 
 
 Tons of 
 Lumber and 
 Logs by Raft 
 
 Recc-iveti. 
 
 TEARS. 
 
 Boats. 
 
 Tons of 
 Freight 
 Shipped. 
 
 ; 1892 
 
 2053 
 1881 
 1927 
 2195 
 2079 
 2361 
 2087 
 1878 
 2048 
 2240 
 2537 
 2426 
 2871 
 2360 
 2322 
 21.50 
 2122 
 2201 
 2332 
 2316 
 
 1090 
 1019 
 1274 
 1474 
 1244 
 1272 
 1269 
 1030 
 999 
 1185 
 1110 
 1525 
 1821 
 1471 
 1291 
 660 
 683 
 743 
 951 
 1020 
 
 556,980 
 450,050 
 530,790 
 543,990 
 597,955 
 652,880 
 570,205 
 479,065 
 520,350 
 029,225 
 802,080 
 852,410 
 893,860 
 688,970 
 714,700 
 644,4s."> 
 68S.7,-,.-, 
 603.. -.-25 
 732,765 
 810,055 
 
 130.220 
 142,01)0 
 132,940 
 127,695 
 130,855 
 213,165 
 200,785 
 217,860 
 240,330 
 231,285 
 271,490 
 356,020 
 198,315 
 
 1892.. 
 
 2013 
 1845 
 1910 
 2211 
 2076 
 2328 
 2102 
 1828 
 2018 
 2140 
 2487 
 2340 
 2866 
 2392 
 2348 
 2156 
 2118 
 2223 
 • 2364 
 2303 
 
 502,215 
 512,9:^0 
 617,985 
 712,700 
 510,115 
 637,060 1 
 561,895 1 
 534,175 ! 
 514,910 
 677,340 
 769,905 
 884,025 
 1,038,350 
 676,445 
 614,675 
 597,676 i 
 600,225 j 
 639,095 
 707,325 1 
 783,256 1 
 
 1 1891 
 
 1891 
 
 
 1890 
 
 \'^-:z:. :::: 
 
 illl 
 
 1889 
 
 
 1887 
 
 1886 ... . 
 
 
 1885 
 
 !]884 ::::::::::::: 
 
 1 1883 
 
 ' lSfi-2 
 
 
 1883 
 
 -i^^ZZSZ. ZZ.'.'.. 
 
 InM 
 
 1880 
 
 1879 
 
 1878 
 
 1877 
 
 IsT'i 
 
 1878 
 
 1877 
 
 1875 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1874 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 
 1873 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 RAPID TRANSIT AND ITS INFLUENCES. 
 
 THE EARLY STRUGGLES OF OMNIBUS AND STREET CAR COMPANIES.- THE INTRODUCTION 
 OF CABLE AND ELECTRIC POWER.- EFFECT ON IMPROVEMENTS AND VALUES. 
 
 'Hie STRRKT C.\R service of St. Louis 
 is now equal to that to be found in any 
 city in the world, and in many respects 
 it is far superior. It has more special 
 features than the street car serv^ice of 
 any other city, and it runs some of the 
 most handsome cars in the world. During the 
 year 1893 the use of horses and mules for street 
 car traction was put a stop to in the down-town 
 sections of the city, and the three roads which 
 were the last to fall in line with the procession 
 commenced the regular running of electric cars 
 during the summer. Now every main line is 
 operated by electricity or cable, and there are 
 
 nearly 300 miles in operation, while the total 
 number of passengers carried each year is about 
 100,000,000. To realize what this means it 
 should be borne in mind that to maintain an 
 average of 100,000,000 jjassengers per annum it 
 is necessary for the cars to haul a number equal 
 to one-half the city's entire population every 
 day, Sundays included. Before describing the 
 splendid equipments of to-day, a brief reference 
 must be made to tlie early days of omnibuses 
 and street cars in St. Louis. The first omnibus 
 was run without any concerted system or plan 
 about fifty-five j-ears ago. A local paper in 
 1838 speaks of the handsome style of an omnibus 
 
RAPID TRANSIT AND ITS INFLUENCES. 
 
 71 
 
 run by j\Ir. Belcher, but it was not until 1844 
 that an omnibus service of any extent was es- 
 tablished. Mr. Erastus Wells and Mr. Calvin 
 Case in that year established an omnibus line, 
 which is referred to in a local paper on June 11, 
 1845, in the following terms: 
 
 "It is but a few months since our opinion was 
 asked as to the probable profits of an omnibus 
 to be run in certain parts of the city. At 
 that time no omnibuses were run in the city. 
 The experiment was attenuated. The first was 
 started by Messrs. Case & Wells, to run from the 
 National Hotel on Market street, to the ferry at 
 the upper end of the city. We believe it has 
 been successful as could have been expected from 
 a new undertaking. At first people were a little 
 .shy of it; some did not think it exactly a gen- 
 teel way of traveling the streets. These scruples 
 have entirely disappeared, and everybody now 
 rides in them, and is glad of the opportunity. 
 ^Messrs. Case & Wells manifest a determination 
 to keep up with the encouragement given them, 
 and have lately put on their line a new and 
 beautiful omnibus, manufactured in Troy, New 
 York. It is a fine specimen of workmanship, and 
 is a very comfortable carriage. In addition to the 
 line abo\-e mentioned, we now have regular lines 
 running from the National Hotel to the Arsenal, 
 along Second street; a line from the Planters' 
 House to the Arsenal, along Fourth street; a 
 line from the corner of Fourth and Market 
 streets to the Camp Springs, and a line to the 
 Prairie House. All seem to be doing a flourish- 
 ing and profitable business, and they prove to be 
 a great convenience to persons residing in dis- 
 tant parts, and to those having business to at- 
 tend to in remote parts of the city. They have 
 contributed not a little to give an increase of 
 value to real estate l>ing at a distance from the 
 center or business portion of the city." 
 
 In 1850 Erastus Wells, with Calvin Case, 
 Robert O'Blennus and Lawrence Mathews 
 formed a combination which purchased and op- 
 erated all the omnibus lines in St. Louis. In 
 the following year there were six lines in exist- 
 ence, as follows: First, from the Arsenal to Ca- 
 rondelet: second, from the corner of Market and 
 
 Second streets to the Arsenal; third, from the 
 corner of Main and Market to Camp Springs; 
 fourth, from the corner of Broadway and Frank- 
 lin avenue to Rising Sun Tavern; fifth, from the 
 corner of Market and Third to Bremen; sixth, 
 from Bremen to Bissell's Ferry. The omnibuses 
 from these points started every four to ten min- 
 utes, and the lines comprised in all ninety om- 
 nibuses, 450 head of horses, four stables and 
 about 100 hands. 
 
 In January, 1859, a 
 meeting was held to dis- 
 
 THE FIRST STREET 
 RAILROAD TRIP. 
 
 cuss the question of the 
 building of street railroads, and the sense of the 
 meeting was so strongly in favor of the innova- 
 tion that local enterprise was at once directed to- 
 wards the incorporation of companies for build- 
 ing and equipping street railroads. In the fol- 
 lowing May the Missouri Railroad Company 
 was organized, and Mr. Erastus Wells became 
 its president, a position he occupied for more 
 than twenty years. By July the road was con- 
 structed as far as Twelfth street, and on the 
 4tli of July the first car was run over the 
 track. In these days of street railroads running 
 trains fi\-e, and even fifteen, miles, the excite- 
 ment which the first trip created on the six- 
 block route seems remarkable and almost hu- 
 morous. The literature of the day tells us that 
 the first car was a beautiful vehicle, light, ele- 
 gant and commodious, having cost $900, in- 
 cluding freight from Philadelphia, where it was 
 comstructed. "Mr. Wells, president of the 
 road, then took the reins," we are told, "and, 
 after a jerk or two, the first car moved slowly 
 but steadily up the track amidst loud shouts 
 and cheers from the crowd. Troops of urchins 
 followed in its wake, endeavoring to hang on, 
 and we fear unless this is prevented in the 
 future, serious accidents may occur." The 
 journey appears to have been accompanied by 
 great difficulties, the car leaving the track 
 several times, but Tenth street was finally 
 reached, "the track having been cleared of 
 stone only that distance." It took many years 
 to bring the Missouri Railroad system up to its 
 present standard, but Grand avenue was reached 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 during the seventies by botli Olive and ^Market 
 streets. 
 
 The St. Ivonis Railroad, or the Broadway line, 
 was also started in 18.5y, as was the Citizens' 
 Railway, which originally ran as far west as 
 Garrison avenue. In 1804: the road was extended 
 to the Fair Grounds, and in 1881 along the 
 St. Charles rock road to Rinkelville. The ex- 
 tension of this road between King's Highway 
 and Rinkelville is still operated by horses on a 
 single track with turn-outs. It is shortly to be 
 reconstructed and equipped as an electric road, 
 but in the meantime it gives an interesting in- 
 sight into the original system of street railroads 
 in St. lyouis as compared with the magnificent 
 equipment of to-day. The People's road was also 
 constructed along Fourth street in 1859, and 
 five years later it was extended to Lafayette 
 Park. In 1882 it was further extended to Grand 
 avenue. The first step towards the forma- 
 tion of the Union Depot system of street rail- 
 roads was made in 1862, when the track was 
 laid from Fourth and Pine streets to Gravois 
 road. So many extensions have taken place 
 since, that the road has become a general South 
 St. L,ouis means of transportation, and it has just 
 completed a line to Carondelet on the high 
 ground. The year 1864 was an important one 
 in street railroad history. It saw the building 
 of the Benton-Bellefontaine Railroad as far as the 
 water tower, and also the commencement of 
 work on the L,indell system, now one of the 
 largest in the United States. Cars were run on 
 both the Washington avenue and Fourteenth 
 street branches early in 1867, the first named 
 road having for some years its terminus at Ware 
 avenue. 
 
 The Union Railway was organized the follow- 
 ing year and track was laid as far as Hyde Park. 
 Ten years later the road was extended to the 
 Fair Grounds. In 1874 the Cass Avenue and 
 Fair Grounds Railway was organized, and in 
 June 1875 it was first operated. On October 
 25, 1874, some excitement was caused by the 
 running of the first two-story car in the city. 
 This was on the Northwestern St. Louis Rail- 
 way, which became absorbed by the Mound City 
 
 Railway Company, whose cars were first oper- 
 ated in 1866. The South St. Louis Railway 
 Company was incorporated in 1876 at about the 
 time of the adoption of the scheme and charter. 
 By the purchase of the Carondelet Street Rail- 
 way Company, it connected Carondelet with St. 
 Louis, running due south. 
 
 Anothercompany,not strictly a street railroad 
 company, but of equal importance to the city, is 
 the St. Louis Transfer Company, originally 
 known as the Ohio & Mississippi Transfer Com- 
 pany. This was chartered in 1859, and has 
 provided admirable transfer and omnibus facili- 
 ties for passengers, baggage and freight ever 
 since, keeping pace with the growth of public 
 sentiment and the improvement of transfer facili- 
 ties generally. 
 
 This in brief traces the 
 origin of the magnificent 
 
 TtiE SERVICE 
 OF OLD ST. LOUIS 
 
 AT ITS BEST. 
 
 street railroad facilities of 
 St. Louis to-day. In 1882, 
 when, as we have already seen, Old St. Louis 
 began to merge into New St. Louis, there were 
 in operation fourteen street railroads, which 
 carried about 30,000,000 passengers during the 
 year, or less than one-third the total carried now. 
 The following table, based on the 1882 returns, 
 will give some slight idea of the small begin- 
 ning upon which the street railroad system of 
 New St. Louis was based: 
 
 Badeu 
 
 BeiUou & Bellefontaine 
 
 Cass Avenue 
 
 Citizeus' 
 
 •he 
 
 ell.. 
 
 Missouri 
 
 .Mound Citv 
 
 lV,.,,lc-s ' . 
 
 Si. Louis 
 
 SoiUh St. Louis 
 
 Tower Grove & Lafayette 
 
 Uuion 
 
 Union Depot 
 
 ,820 
 1,720 
 
 The influence of New St. Louis at once began 
 to be felt in the street cars. As seen above, 
 Grand avenue was generally the terminus of 
 
RAPin TRANSIT AND ITS INFLUENCES. 
 
 73 
 
 railroads running west, and the extension of the 
 Liiidell Railway as far as \'andeveuter avenue 
 by means of a loop running west on Dehnar 
 avenue, north on \'andeventer, east on Finney 
 and south on Grand, was regarded as quite a 
 work of enterprise. Bobtail cars — the popular 
 name for the unpopular diminutive cars, whose 
 drivers are compelled to act in dual capacity 
 as drivers and conductors — were run, and, al- 
 though the road proved a great convenience, it 
 was not pushed to its full limit. The Market 
 street road was also extended as far as Forest 
 Park, and on Sundays through cars were run, 
 though during the week the much-despised bob- 
 tail cars did duty on the extension. 
 
 St. Louisans, visiting other cities and observ- 
 ing the successful operation in them of street 
 railroads operated by rapid transit in the shape 
 of cables, became impressed with the fact that 
 horse and mule traction was too slow for a great 
 city like St. Louis, and the question of rapid 
 transit began to be discussed here very freely. 
 As we have seen in a preceding chapter, the 
 railroad magnates strongly objected to the pro- 
 posed innovation, and a vigorous outcry was 
 also raised by the conservative and timid ele- 
 ment. It seems strange that emancipation from 
 the old rut should have been inaugurated by 
 Indianapolis capitalists, but such was the case, 
 and in 1884 the first franchise was granted for 
 a cable road. The promoters had acquired the 
 title and interest in the narrow-gauge road 
 which ran from the intersection of Grand avenue 
 and Olive sti'cet to the interesting city of Floris- 
 sant, seventeen miles out in the country. That 
 this road was intended for much greater things 
 than it had achieved, was evidenced by its 
 title, which was the St. Louis, Creve Coeur & 
 St. Charles Railway Company, to which cor- 
 poration the privileges were granted by the 
 Municipal Assembly after a bitter fight. 
 
 Ordinance No. 12,852, ap- 
 proved by Mayor Ewing in 
 
 THE FIRST 
 CABLE ROAD 
 
 FRANCHISE. 
 
 188-1:, should ever be regarded 
 by St. Louis property holders 
 and citizens with something akin to veneration, 
 because it sanctioned the first step towards the 
 
 emancipation of the city from the rule of horses 
 and mules on its street car tracks, and because 
 the work done under it ga\'e a marked impetus 
 to the new growth of the city. The franchise 
 granted the company permission to lay a cable 
 track between the junction of Sixth and Locust 
 streets and the intersection of the narrow-gauge 
 road with Morgan street, at a point a little west 
 of Vandeventer avenue. The precautions taken 
 against damage to the city and private property 
 in the construction of the road were somewhat 
 remarkable, and showed that the warnings of 
 those who had prophesied dire disaster as the 
 result of the innovation had not been thrown 
 away on the city legislators. The limits of 
 speed specified in the ordinance were also 
 indicative of the spirit of the times." East of 
 Twelfth street no car was to run faster than six 
 miles an hour; between Twelfth street and Gar- 
 rison avenue a speed of seven miles was per- 
 mitted, and west of Garrison avenue eight miles 
 was allowed. These speed regulations would 
 have required the use of three different cables, 
 with drums at Twelfth street and also Garrison 
 avenue; but before the road was opened wise 
 counsels prevailed, and a more reasonable uni- 
 form speed-limit was made. 
 
 Those who resided in the city at the time will 
 remember with great interest the construction 
 of this road. It was built in the most substantial 
 manner then possible, but by a slow, tedious 
 and expensive process, without the use of the 
 devices of more recent years which had made 
 cable-track laying far more speedy and prac- 
 ticable. As an event typical of the times, the 
 laying of the first cable in the conduit is worth 
 mentioning. The local papers devoted to the 
 work a large amount of space, and considering 
 the immense crowds which witnessed the work, 
 the event was certainly one of more than ordi- 
 nary interest. The cable was placed in position 
 late in the winter of 1885-8(5, and the first cable 
 train was run at the commencement of spring 
 following. The excitement which the experi- 
 ment created will ever be remembered. On the 
 first Sunday of the road's operation it beat the 
 record in the matter of passenger hauling, 
 
74 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 although its equipment was by no means com- 
 plete. The popularity of the road was so great 
 that even after the novelty wore off, people will- 
 ingly walked four or five blocks out of their 
 way to ride in the cars, and a career of extra- 
 ordinary prosperity appeared to be certain. The 
 "impossible" route added to the difficulties of 
 running the road, but although a great many 
 passengers were thrown into each other's laps, 
 and some few were thrown on to the sidewalk at 
 the sharpest curves, these little drawbacks did 
 not materially injure the road's traffic receipts. 
 The most objectionable and dangerous point was 
 at Grand avenue and Morgan street, where a 
 double curve seemed to defy the efforts of the 
 engineers to devise means to keep the cars on 
 the track. This trouble was finally obviated by 
 the purchase of the property at the southeast 
 corner, and the moving several feet south of the 
 house situated upon it, so as to enable the track 
 to be relaid without a perceptible curve at all. 
 The road's progress was also interfered with 
 by a calamitous fire, which destroyed its entire 
 equipment before it had been in operation more 
 than a year. Horse cars were run for a short 
 time, and finally a fresh supply of cars was ob- 
 tained and traffic was resumed. The road was 
 finally sold, at a handsome profit to the original 
 promoters, and it passed into the control of Bos- 
 ton capitalists. Sufficient money was not spent 
 to keep up the track, and the competition of 
 adjoining roads which in the meantime had 
 been equipped with cable power, reduced the 
 earning capacity of the pioneer rapid transit 
 road of St. Louis to such an extent that it passed 
 into the hands of a receiver. About four years 
 ago Messrs. Charles H. Turner, S. M. Kennard, 
 Clark H. Sampson and other capitalists were 
 convinced of the possibility of reconstructing the 
 road with electricity and making it jDay hand- 
 somely. They secured a controlling interest in 
 the corporation, reorganized it as the St. Louis 
 & Suburban Railroad, and at once decided upon 
 the gigantic enterprise of equipping the road its 
 entire length with electricity. The narrow- 
 gauge suburban service was exceedingly unsat- 
 isfactory and entirely inadequate, and the reor- 
 
 ganizers determined to run a double-track 
 electric road as far as the city limits and a sin- 
 gle-track electric road from tliat point to Floris- 
 sant, the tracks to be doubled on the county 
 section as soon as the traffic justified the outlay. 
 The necessarv legisla- 
 
 THE FIRST COUNTY 
 ELECTRIC ROAD. 
 
 tion was obtained, and the 
 long and tedious task com- 
 menced. Electric cars were run as an extension 
 to the cable service in 1891, and in 1892 the great 
 work was completed and a through service of 
 electric cars established between Sixth and Lo- 
 cust streets and the city limits at Wells Station, 
 with an excellent county extension to Normandy 
 and Florissant. This road is now the longest 
 electric road in the world operated from one 
 power-house, and the enormous increase in its 
 receipts since the change of motive power has 
 more than justified the enterprise and anticipa- 
 tions of the reorganizers. 
 
 The history of this road has been traced at 
 some length because of its exceptional influence 
 on the city's rapid transit facilities and also on 
 its general growth. Before leaving the subject, 
 it is of interest to add that in addition to being 
 the longest electric road operated from one 
 power-house, it was the road selected by the 
 government for the experiment of street railroad 
 postal cars. The experiment has proved a per- 
 fect success, and now three trips are made daily, 
 with sub-postoifices established along the line 
 of route. The delivery of mail is expedited 
 very largely by the change, and national interest 
 has been attracted by the experiment, which, 
 however, can hardly be regarded as an experi- 
 ment now. The company already transacts a 
 freight and express business west of \'andeventer 
 avenue, and at an early date this service will be 
 extended down-town. 
 
 But we are somewhat anticipating history. 
 The railroad companies which had opposed the 
 cable franchise found their worst fears fulfilled, 
 and the traffic returns of parallel lines in 188(i 
 showed the necessity of prompt action. During 
 the year nearly every road of importance ob- 
 tained the right to change its motive power, 
 and the year 1887 saw much work done. Among 
 
RAPID TRANSIT AND ITS INFLUENCES. 
 
 75 
 
 the first roads to lay cable, and the first to re- 
 construct, was the Olive street branch of the 
 IMissouri, which cabled its tracks right out to 
 Forest Park, instead of having its western ter- 
 minus at Grand avenue, as hitherto. The re- 
 construction was a lengthy piece of work, but 
 it was duly accomplished, and subsequently both 
 the other sections of this system have been 
 equipped as electric roads. This Missouri sys- 
 tem alone now carries half a million passengers a 
 month, and its business is constantl}' increasing. 
 It has just erected a magnificent depot and 
 pavilion close to the Blair statue in Forest 
 Park for the convenience of the thousands of 
 passengers its cars haul daily, and the popular- 
 ity of the route will be still greater when this 
 building is ready for use. There are few street 
 railroad lines in the country which run so nearly 
 in a straight line, and which traverse such a 
 thickly settled and highly improved territory'. 
 Starting from Fourth and Olive, close to the 
 Merchants' Exchange, and some of the finest 
 ofl!ice-buildings in the city, it runs directly west 
 up Olive street, passing the Federal building and 
 the Exposition, and continuing on its western 
 course, within a block a great portion of the 
 way of the finest boulevard and drive- way in St. 
 Louis. Although this was one of the first cable 
 railroads constructed in St. Louis, it is also the 
 most modern in character, and the most suc- 
 cessful in operation. No money was spared in 
 building the road, which is kept in the highest 
 state of repair, with a power-house of unlimited 
 capacity, and a determination on the part of the 
 management to provide accommodation as nearly 
 perfect as possible. The cars, those used both 
 for summer and winter, are excellently uphol- 
 stered, and are kept scrupulously clean, while 
 the trains run at such frequent intervals that 
 people who are in a hurry use them even if it 
 compels a walk of a few extra blocks. The serv- 
 ice is so excellent in every respect that, al- 
 though electricity has entirely supplanted the 
 cable in the estimation of the people, there is an 
 exception in this instance, and the Olive street 
 road is as much liked as the best electric road 
 in the city. 
 
 RAPID TRANSIT 
 
 PRINCIPAL PARKS. 
 
 The jMissouri Company 
 has also an electric road 
 running in a straight line to 
 Forest Park. This road, 
 formerly known as the Forest Park & Laclede 
 Railroad, starts from the southern front of the 
 court-house, and runs up ^larket and Chestnut 
 streets, reaching the park by the former thor- 
 oughfare, some few blocks south of the cable 
 terminus. It is also the only street railroad 
 corporation in St. Louis running to. both Forest 
 Park and Tower Grove Park, the two most pop- 
 ular recreation and breathing spots in the city. 
 Tower Grove Park is reached by the Missouri 
 Company's electric road, which starts from Fourth 
 and Market and runs by a very direct route to 
 Shaw's Garden, being in fact the only railroad 
 which carries passengers right to the gates of 
 the great botanical garden which has made St. 
 Louis popular and famous among students of 
 natural beauty everywhere. The western ter- 
 minus of this road is at the northern entrance 
 to Tower Grove Park, and its passengers thus 
 have the advantage of reaching both the garden 
 and the parks without change of cars or delay 
 of any kind. 
 
 Simultaneousl}' with the cabling of the Olive 
 street road, the Citizens' Railroad was changed 
 to cable. Nor was this all. Easton avenue be- 
 tween Prairie avenue and King's Highway was 
 neither improved nor graded, and the company 
 proposed as a matter of course to lay its con- 
 duits only as far as city improvements made 
 it possible. The property owners, however, 
 clubbed together and had the street graded to 
 King's Highway. The company was a party to 
 the transaction, made King's Highway its west- 
 ern cable terminus, and thereby doubled and 
 trebled the value of property along the avenue. 
 The company's branch to the Fair Grounds was 
 also cabled, but in 1893 the conduit was removed 
 and electric power substituted; another tribute 
 to the conquering tendency of the latest of 
 modern inventions. Under the same manage- 
 ment as the Citizens' are the Cass Avenue, 
 Northern Central and Union lines, to all of 
 which reference has already been made, and all 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 of which were equipped with electricity during 
 1892. The combined system serves the north- 
 west portion of the city very thoroughly, and 
 hauls immense numbers of passengers to the 
 Fair Grounds and races. 
 
 One of the most indispensable, and, as we have 
 seen, one of the very oldest roads in the city is 
 the Broadway. Unlike the other roads referred 
 to, which run more or less east and west, this 
 road runs from north to south, connecting the 
 manufacturing section of North St. lyouis with 
 the manufacturing and brewing section of South 
 St. Louis, and passing through not only the 
 business section of the city, but also through 
 some of its most thickly settled residence wards. 
 Although before this road was reconstructed for 
 rapid transit, electric roads had established their 
 popularity, the immense number of trains to be 
 run over the track made the management prefer 
 a cable, which was laid during the j-ears 1S89 
 and 18110. The cabling of the road was a very 
 costly undertaking, but the work was done in 
 the most efficient manner possible, and the road 
 is a model in every respect. Visitors to St. Louis 
 who desire to visit the new Merchants' bridge, 
 the old and the new water-works, the cemeteries, 
 all in the northern section of the city, find the 
 Broadway cable convenient for the purpose; 
 while it is also a popular route to the great 
 breweries of the south end. 
 
 The lyindell, or Washington avenue. Railroad 
 was among the first to feel the influence of rapid 
 transit competition, as the new cable road paral- 
 leled its line within a few blocks almost its 
 entire length. Experiments were tried in 1887 
 with a storage battery electric car, which, how- 
 ever, was not a success. Shortly afterwards Mr. 
 George D. Capen and other local capitalists 
 secured control of the road, and having unlimited 
 faith in the future of St. Louis proceeded at once 
 to map out what looked like a daring scheme, 
 not only of reconstruction, but also of extension. 
 Electric power was selected as the motor, and 
 the main line track was extended on Finney 
 avenue as far west as Taylor. From this point 
 two branches were constructed, one running on 
 Delmar boulevard to DeBaliviere avenue and 
 
 then south into Forest Park, where a magnifi- 
 cent pavilion has been constructed providing a 
 handsome ornament to the park, and being of 
 immense convenience to passengers visiting the 
 city's great breathing ground and pleasure 
 resort. The other branch was constructed out 
 west on Page boulevard, piercing a district 
 hitherto a stranger to street railroad facilities of 
 any kind. The enterprise of the road did not stop 
 at this point. Recognizing that St. Louis was in 
 need of north and south railroads, or cross-town 
 lines, the management obtained municipal legis- 
 lation and proceeded to construct, some three 
 years ago, the Vandeventer avenue line, which 
 connects the Fair Grounds with the Alill Creek 
 Valley tracks. 
 
 INTRODVCTION ^}^ ^P^'""^ °^, ^^"^ 
 
 road was a matter of spe- 
 
 TRANSFER SYSTEM. 
 
 cial interest to St. Loui 
 
 because for the first time 
 it introduced into the city on a comprehensive 
 scale a system of transfers, whereby a passenger 
 can make a continuous journey by more than 
 one car without paying an additional fare. Dur- 
 ing 1893 the company has also completed and 
 opened a street railroad on Taylor avenue from 
 its junction with Finney into the northwestern 
 wards, with the intention of extending it at an 
 early date to the cemeteries on the north and 
 the railroad tracks on the south. Also, during 
 1893, it has opened a new road passing the new 
 Union Station, crossing the Eighteenth street 
 bridge and providing facilities for residents in 
 the Compton Hill district. It also has a second 
 road to Forest Park via Chouteau avenue, and 
 has altogether one of the most comprehensive 
 and extensive street railroad sj'stems in the 
 United States. Its power-house is one of the 
 largest in the world, and it has also ex- 
 cited the interest of street railroad men every- 
 where by its patented vestibule street car, which 
 affords easy ingress and egress through a vesti- 
 bule in the center of what is really a combina- 
 tion of two full- sized electric cars. No returns 
 are available for the entire Lindell system. 
 During the third quarter of 1893 it carried 
 nearly 4,UU0,0U0 passengers, and its completed 
 
RAPID TRANSIT AND ITS INFLUENCES. 
 
 11 
 
 system is probably carryiiis^- at least 1, .')()(), ()()() 
 passengers monthly. 
 
 Another road which has obtained running 
 powers past the new Union Station is the Union 
 Depot Company, which now embraces not only 
 the numerous roads running into the southern 
 wards, but also the Mound City Railroad and 
 the Benton &. Bellefontaine Railroad. This gi- 
 gantic system of railroads, with upwards of 
 sixty miles of electric track, thus runs from the 
 extreme south of the city to the cemeteries in 
 the extreme northwest, with branches in almost 
 every direction, and a system of transfers which 
 enables passengers to travel right through and 
 across the city for one fare. Its latest extension 
 is now nearly completed. It intersects the 
 highest ground in Carondelet, and affords un- 
 limited facilities for transportation. No road 
 has a more interesting history than this great 
 system and the parts which help to make up 
 the whole. In its early days all the hardships 
 of boljtail bars and insufficient service were felt, 
 but during the last few years these complaints 
 have all been rendered unnecessary, and the 
 equipment is now excellent. The power-house 
 from which these different branches are oper- 
 ated is of exceptional size, and its capacity is 
 taxed to the uttermost. By its absorption of the 
 ^lound City and Benton & Bellefontaine roads, 
 the company also acquired two other large 
 power-houses. The business transacted by the 
 roads in this system is nearly, if not quite, 
 20,000,000 passengers per annum. 
 
 The People's Rail- 
 road, originally con- 
 structed to Lafayette 
 Park, was cabled 
 some three years ago and extended along Grand 
 avenue to Tower Grove Park. Now an electric 
 road is being constructed along Grand avenue, 
 connecting the various roads which run on or 
 across that thoroughfare, and providing a third 
 parallel cross-town road of great usefulness. At 
 the present time there are in the city 240 miles 
 of street railway in actual operation, and 43 
 more in course of construction. In other words, 
 early in 1894 there will be about 300 miles of 
 
 A COMPARISON BETWEEN 
 
 THE ROADS OF 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 street railroads in operation, as compared with 
 less than 120 miles in 1882. This wonderful 
 increase in itself is a striking tribute to the 
 growth and importance and wealth of New St. 
 Louis, and it would be so if the question of 
 mileage alone were considered. But the in- 
 crease in value has been far greater than the 
 increase in mileage, because, while in 1882 the 
 tracks were laid as cheaply as possible, and the 
 motive power was horses and mules, the roads 
 in 1893 are equipped in the most costly manner 
 known, and the motive power is more than two- 
 thirds electricity, with about forty-three miles 
 of cable road. 
 
 The enterprise of the railroad magnates has 
 been more than rewarded, for the traffic has in- 
 creased in a most remarkable manner. In 188.3, 
 the last year of the horse-car reign, the number 
 of passengers carried by the St. Louis street rail- 
 roads was a trifle in excess of 41,000,000. Esti- 
 mating population at this stage at 410,000, each 
 inhabitant of the city, on an average, rode in a 
 street car a hundred times during the year. In 
 1891 the number of passengers carried had in- 
 creased about 100 per cent, and in 1892 the num- 
 ber of passengers carried amounted to 9 1 , .500,000. 
 In other words, the average number of rides 
 taken by every inhabitant of St. Louis was 
 about 200 during the year. The returns for 
 1893 are not yet complete, but they will cer- 
 tainly approximate 100,000,000 for the year. 
 The total for the first six months was more than 
 48,000,000, and the following table gives the 
 traffic for the quarter ending October 1: 
 
 
 Miles 
 
 Number of 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 Operated 
 
 Trips 
 
 Fares 
 
 
 October 1. 
 
 Made. 
 
 Collected. 
 
 rnioMl..,,,,, 
 
 .55 
 
 158,367 
 
 4,612,404 
 
 I.iinUll 
 
 41 
 
 323.242 
 
 3,845,936 
 
 Mi^-o„ii 
 
 24 
 
 297,600 
 
 3,712,257 
 
 St. I.. .111^ 
 
 20 
 
 211,440 
 
 3.067,721 
 
 Citizens' 
 
 1.5 
 
 185,246 
 
 2.213,793 
 
 Ciiss Avenue 
 
 27 
 
 150,890 
 
 2,121.410 
 
 St. Louis & Sulnirl).an 
 
 1!) 
 
 33,863 
 
 2,057,175 
 
 Southern 
 
 15 
 
 88,560 
 
 1,520,307 
 
 People's 
 
 10 
 
 58,004 
 
 1.260,678 
 
 Jefferson Avenue. 
 
 3 
 
 23,116 
 
 505,413 
 
 Ba.leu 
 
 ;i 
 
 5,720 
 
 127,940 
 
 This shows a total of more than 2."), 000, 000 
 passengers carried during the quarter. 
 
78 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 RAPID TRANSIT 
 AND 
 
 It only needs a glance at the 
 city map to-day -and the maps 
 as published ten years ago, to 
 THE CITY MAP. ^^^ j^^^ remarkable has been 
 the influence of rapid transit on the building up 
 of the city. Those visiting St. Louis during the 
 years 1892 and 1893, after an absence from the 
 city of eight or ten years, have been astounded 
 at the changes effected. Specific reference has 
 already been made to the effect of the cable con- 
 struction on Easton avenue. This thoroughfare 
 was little more than a country road ten years 
 ago. The single-track street car line was laid 
 on one side of the road, and the service was any- 
 thing but satisfactory. There were a few stores 
 on the street, but they were general country 
 stores, without specialties in any line. To-day 
 Easton avenue is one of the most important 
 thoroughfares in the city. It forms part of the 
 direct road from the Mississippi river at St. 
 Louis to the Missouri river at St. Charles, and, 
 thanks to the influence of the cable, that portion 
 of the St. Charles rock road which is now 
 known as Easton avenue, is a busy thorough- 
 fare, with hundreds of stores and private dwell- 
 ings. Several attempts have been made to state 
 in figures what benefit the cable road has been 
 to Easton avenue, but suflicient data are not at 
 hand to make any calculation approximately ac- 
 curate. It is certain, however, that property 
 which could not be sold at $10 a foot before 
 the reconstruction, now has buyers in abund- 
 ance at $->0, $(50 and $70, with higher prices 
 for corners. Farther out on Easton avenue 
 where property ten years ago could be bou.ght 
 by the acre, $20, $"25 and $oO a foot is now 
 paid. 
 
 The general equipment of the roads running 
 due west with rapid transit facilities, and their 
 extension beyond Grand avenue, has remodeled 
 that section of the city which lies west of ^'arl- 
 deventer avenue and north of Forest Park. In 
 the old days this exceptionally desirable prop- 
 erty Avas inaccessible except to those who owned 
 carriages. Even in 1885 there was no street 
 car accommodation in the district named west 
 of Vandeventer avenue. The enterprise of the 
 
 St. Louis S: Suburban and Lindell Companies, as 
 well as the cabling and extension of the Olive 
 street line, has made this property as easy of 
 access as it was formerly difficult. The result 
 has been a complete transformation. The streets 
 and boulevards between Vandeventer and Taylor 
 avenues are all built up with costly improve- 
 ments, including elegant mansions, while west 
 of Taylor avenue the number of delightful homes 
 is constantly increasing. West of King's High- 
 way, in old horse-car days, the territory was un- 
 explored and unknown. There were several 
 large country mansions with extensive grounds, 
 but as a residence section for the masses it had 
 yet to be born. Encouraged by the railroad 
 companies, acre after acre has been covered with 
 attractive homes, the Cabanne and Chamberlain 
 Park districts vying with any in the country for 
 beauty and elegance. 
 
 Tiie conversion of the horse car lines running 
 south and southwest has also transformed those 
 sections of the city. It was formerly so difficult 
 to get to Carondelet that most people living in 
 St. Louis knew little or nothing concerning the 
 beauties of this section of the city. The high, 
 healthy ground is now being built up with res- 
 idences of all descriptions, and, thanks to the 
 admirable street railroad facilities, the popula- 
 tion is being increased at a surprising rate. In 
 the northwest and the north, the street railroads 
 have opened up several square miles of hitherto 
 inaccessible property. The improvements are 
 continuing, and, indeed, the good work of the 
 rajjid transit roads in this direction is yet in its 
 infanc\-. In no respect does New St. Louis 
 differ in appearance from Old St. Louis more 
 than in its residences and residence sections, and 
 the change has been brought about almost en- 
 tirely by rapid transit. 
 
 One more influ- 
 POSSIBILITY , . 
 
 ence of improved 
 OF AN EXTENSION OF TUB , ^ ., ,. ,- 
 
 street railroad lacih- 
 CITY LIMITS. ^.^^ ,,,^,^^ 1^^ ^^_ 
 
 corded. Tlie vSt. Louis & Suburl:>an electric 
 road, as already mentioned, runs as far into the 
 countv as Florissant, and all along tlie line of 
 its route it lias built up suburban districts. 
 
SOME AIDS TO PROCK/tSS. 
 
 79 
 
 Nominally, Nonnandy and Rainoiia are both in 
 the county, but practically they are part of St. 
 Louis. Powers have also been obtained to con- 
 struct electric roads into various other sections 
 of the county. A road has already been finished 
 to Clayton, the county seat, and two other cor- 
 porations have been formed to construct rail- 
 roads, to be operated by electricity, through the 
 strictly' urban section of the county west and 
 southwest of the city. As a result of this, it is 
 proposed to, as early as possible, extend the city 
 limits so as to take in Jefferson Barracks on the 
 south, Kirkwood on the southwest, Clayton on 
 the west and Ferguson on the northwest. 
 
 The new limits as thus proposed would add 
 an area to the cit}- of about r)l,2()() acres, or 
 eighty square miles. It would bring in all the 
 suburban towns fostered by present and projected 
 electric roads, including Ferguson, Woodland, 
 Normandy, Jennings Heights, Ramona, College 
 
 View, O' Fallon, Clayton, Rosedale, Kirkwood, 
 Glendale, Webster, Luxemburg and Jefferson 
 Barracks, and within the area named there is a 
 population of nearly, if not more than, 5U,(K)(). 
 The present financial condition of that portion 
 of St. Louis county included in the limits named 
 greatly simplifies the question of annexation. 
 If the boundaries named above should be adopted 
 the city would have an area of 89,9(52 acres, or 
 about 140 square miles. It would add, at a 
 low estimate, $2.5,000,000 immediately to the 
 taxable values, yielding a revenue of about 
 §.500,000. The proposed line has been drawn 
 so as to continue along the high ground, and 
 within five years much of the new territory 
 would be the most desirable property in the 
 city. The rapid transit to suburban localities is 
 the best in the United States, and whether the 
 territory is annexed or not it will practically be 
 a part of the city within a short time. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 SOME AIDS TO PROGRESS. 
 
 THE VEILED PROPHET, AUTUMNAL FESTIVITIES ASSOCIATION. ILLUMINATIONS, EXPOSITION 
 AND FAIR.-CONVENTIONS.-COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 M. 
 
 ^prilE HISTORY OF CITIES, ancient and 
 \ / modern, fails to record a duplicate to 
 (g) (g) the enterprise of New St. Louis in the 
 matter of entertaining strangers and 
 providing lavishly for their amusement. 
 It was in 1878 that the Veiled Prophet 
 commenced his series of annual visits to St. 
 Louis, and from the first these visits have been 
 made the basis of hospitality of the most lavish 
 character. The mystery of the Veiled Prophet 
 has been kept entire from the first, and although 
 it is generally known that the enormous expense 
 of the pageant and ball is borne by a secret organ- 
 ization composed of the principal capitalists, 
 manufacturers and merchants of St. Louis, their 
 
 e.vact identity is a matter of surmise, and the 
 correctness of the guesses need not be discussed. 
 Certain it is that the men who thought out and 
 then raised the money to carry out the idea, 
 ha\-e contributed nobly towards the cit\"s re-birth 
 and second growth, and that they have earned 
 the good-will of all. The pass-word of the 
 Veiled Prophet is, or should be, " unselfishness." 
 The idea is a beautiful one, for it is borrowed 
 from ancient or legendar}- histor)-, and is de- 
 signed to perpetuate the poetic story, which 
 ought to be true if it isn't, that there used to 
 exist a Veiled Prophet who was surrounded only 
 by whole-souled men who gave up their lives 
 to good works. Before the circle of followers 
 
80 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 was enlarged, the new-comer was compelled to 
 look into a magic mirror which laid bare to 
 the prophet's gaze his very thoughts and feel- 
 ings. Hence the conrt was made up of gener- 
 ous, open-hearted men, devoted to the service of 
 their fellows. 
 
 It is very much the same 
 with the Veiled Prophet's 
 
 WHAT THE 
 VEILED PROPHET 
 
 HAS DONE. 
 
 Association. The members 
 subscribe freely to the ex- 
 pense account, but do not take their reward 
 b\- means of printed and advertised subscrip- 
 tion lists; indeed, no man can be found who 
 will admit having donated a single dollar to 
 the annual pageants. Millions of visitors have 
 come in to see the sixteen annual parades, 
 and thousands have tripped the light fantastic 
 toe at the grand balls. It seems a trifle debas- 
 ing to try to reduce to a cash basis the benefit 
 the city has derived from the visits and the 
 festivities. In the first place, they have lifted 
 St. Louis out of a rut and broken down that 
 Chinese wall which was always thought to en- 
 circle what was even then the metropolis of the 
 Mississippi Valley. Then, they have made 
 hundreds of thousands of people acquainted with 
 the city, and have fostered the habit of annual 
 \isits to it. Both these influences have been 
 of almost incalculable value; but when the 
 prophet's power was used to raise New St. Louis 
 out of the old city, the true force and value of 
 that power came to be appreciated. The part 
 played by the prophet in this work has already 
 been discussed, and need not be enlarged upon 
 here. The good work has continued year after 
 year until in the fall of 1803 there seemed to be 
 a feeling that the prophet had outlived his use- 
 fulness, and that St. Louis was too important a 
 city for the annual pageant. At first it was 
 thought that this feeling was, if not general, at 
 least extensive, and it was semi-officially an- 
 nounced that the Veiled Prophet would appear 
 no more. The outcry that followed showed that 
 the sentiment was held only by the element, to 
 be found in every city, which is much more 
 ready to criticize than to invent or work, and it 
 is now generally understood that the Veiled 
 
 Prophet will appear next October, as usual. 
 
 A detailed description of the annual pageant 
 would be impossible, nor is it practicable to de- 
 scribe the annual balls at which the wealth and 
 beauty, not only of St. Louis and the West, but 
 also of the East, are represented. It is no ex- 
 aggeration to say that thousands of society men 
 and women look forward to the event with 
 excitement for months before it takes place, noi 
 is it too much to say that the annual ball is 
 absolutely unique. Beyond this and a passing 
 reference to the beauty of the invitations and 
 programmes, nothing can be said here. 
 
 More space must be devoted to the illumina- 
 tions which have made St. Louis famous all ovei 
 two continents. Some little work in street illumi- 
 nation was done when the prophet first appeared, 
 but it was not until 1882, the year so markec 
 by changes from old to new, that St. Louis 
 first illuminated its streets in a comprehensive 
 manner. The sum of §20,000 was subscribed 
 for the purpose, and the illumination committee 
 of that year had a task of no small magnitude tc 
 overcome, for it had to originate as well as tc 
 perfect. So far as the United States was con- 
 cerned, St. Louis was the pioneer in the matter ol 
 street illuminations, no other city having made 
 an effort in the direction, and it became necessary 
 to look to Europe for hints and ideas. Careful 
 inquiry in Paris showed that in even the gay 
 French capital nothing had been attempted on 
 anything approaching the scale determined 
 upon in St. Louis, and even the much-talked-oi 
 illuminations of Brussels and \'enice were ex- 
 perimental and insignificant compared with the 
 new western idea. In London, Japanese lan- 
 terns and an occasional colored globe, constituted 
 the idea of street beautification by night; and 
 the St. Louisans who had crossed the Atlantic in 
 search of information and designs returned with 
 ver>' little of the former and still less of the latter, 
 the fact having been demonstrated that the ap- 
 parently primitive efforts of the preceding year 
 in St. Louis had excelled the best on record in 
 the carnival cities of the Old World, besides 
 ha\-ing been entirely without precedent in those 
 of the New. 
 
SO.UE AIDS TO PA'OC/A'ASS. 
 
 It is fortunate for St. Louis, 
 
 and also for the United States, 
 ILLUMINATIONS. ^, ^ ^, ^, ■ x 
 
 tliat there was nothing found 
 
 v^orth copyino- in the carnival cities of Europe, 
 or the Carni\-al Cit\- of America proceeded at 
 lUce to originate, and to spring at one bound 
 nto the lead as an entertaining city, achieving, 
 veil twelve years ago, a triumph it could 
 lave scarcely hoped for had it followed in the 
 vake of other cities instead of leading the way 
 tself. Twenty thousand dollars having been 
 ubscribed in 1882, one hundred and forty skilled 
 )lumbers were engaged, and gas-pipes and 
 irclies were placed along and over the sidewalks 
 ind across the streets. Twenty-one thousand 
 rlobes of different colors were purchased, and 
 or the distance of about forty-four blocks in the 
 jusiness section everything was got in readiness 
 or a magnificent display and for a dazzling show 
 )f many-shaded lights. 
 
 The most sanguine exiDectations of the pro- 
 noters of the enterprise were more than real- 
 zed, for tens of thousands of spectators gazed 
 \fith admiration on the display evening after 
 evening, and hundreds of Kuropean tourists, 
 who were attracted b)- the no\elty and magni- 
 :ude of the undertaking, pronounced it the most 
 2;orgeous street spectacle they had ever wit- 
 nessed, and so infinitely superior to the best Old 
 World productions as to make anything in the 
 nature of comparison out of the question. A 
 well-known official of the Crystal Palace at Sj'd- 
 enham, near London, England, was among the 
 visitors who enjoyed the first grand street illu- 
 mination the world had ever seen, and his ver- 
 dict was that not even in the Crystal Palace 
 grounds, nor in the gardens at South Kensing- 
 ton, had any approach towards such magnificence 
 been made. Other visitors of equal experience 
 endorsed this expression of approval, and no one 
 has yet been found to express a contrary opin- 
 ion. In l.ss.'i the illuminations were repeated, 
 and the area coverefl being increased several 
 blocks; and in the two following years the work 
 of improvement went steadily on. In 188(1, the 
 year of the Knights Templars Conclave at St. 
 Louis, upwards of $"22,000 was collected audex- 
 
 THE 
 
 AUTUMNAL FESTIVITIES 
 
 ASSOCIATION. 
 
 pended in illuminations, which were made more 
 dazzling than ever by the free use of electric 
 lights. In 1SS7 the gathering of the Grand 
 Army, followed by the visit of President and 
 Mrs. Cleveland, stimulated vSt. Louisans to 
 still greater efforts; the subscription exceeded 
 $2(),()(K), and the streets were rendered more daz- 
 zling than ever. 
 
 This feature was continued, and the plan of 
 illumination gradually improved until the end of 
 the eighties, when the impression spread that 
 the illumination had served its purpose, and for 
 two years this feature was omitted. The re- 
 sult was something like what happens to a bus- 
 iness man who, having achieved a reputation by 
 advertising, suddenly comes to the conclusion 
 that he is spending too much money and shuts 
 down on advertising expense. Such a man gen- 
 erally resumes advertising quickly on a more lib- 
 eral scale than ever. So did St. Louis. 
 
 In 1891 a mass-meet- 
 ing was held, which is 
 probably without a par- 
 allel in the world's his- 
 tory. It was called by the proclamation of the 
 \'eilcd Prophet. The object of the meeting was 
 to raise $1,000, 000 to be expended during the 
 World's Fair period for the general good of the 
 city. Mr. Samuel M. Kennard presided at the 
 meeting, and the attendance was large and rep- 
 resentative. Indeed, the element whi-ch had 
 succeeded in establishing New St. Louis was 
 present in full force, although there were plenty 
 of old men for counsel, as well as young men 
 for war. The objects in view were largely 
 three-fold. One, which may be described as the 
 immediate outward and visible sign of the pro- 
 posed work, took the shai)e of festivities for the 
 current and two following years of a character 
 never before attempted in St. Louis, the idea be- 
 ing to celebrate the Columbian quadro-centenary 
 on the streets of St. Louis. The second object of 
 the proposed association was to secure the erec- 
 tion of a new fire-proof hotel to cost not less 
 than $1,000,000, and the proposed association 
 was authorized to offer a bonus for this purpose. 
 It was also designed to spend about one-third oi 
 
82 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 the money raised in advertising vSt. Lonis in a 
 dignified manner, and thus enlighteningthe world 
 as to the progress made by the city since it de- 
 cided to throw off all allegiance to tradition and 
 to map out for itself a new career as the future 
 metropolis of the mid-continent. 
 
 The success of the meeting was remarkable. 
 Just as, more than forty years ago, a few public- 
 spirited St. Louisans met together and made the 
 construction of a railroad into the city a possi- 
 bility, so did a larger number of large and small 
 capitalists in May, 1891, insure the success of 
 an enterprise at least as important and daring. 
 It was not expected that the million dollars 
 would be raised in the room, but a very splendid 
 beginning was made. Two subscriptions, each 
 for $10,000, were announced, followed by others 
 of $7,r)00, $.5,000 and smaller sums. A spirit of 
 enthusiasm was spread over the meeting, which 
 soon extended over the city and guaranteed the 
 success of the movement. Before the meeting 
 adjourned the St. Louis Autumnal Festivities 
 Association was formed, with the following offi- 
 cers: President, S. M. Kennard; first vice-presi- 
 dent, E. O. Stanard; second vice-president, 
 F. A. Wann; third vice-president, John S. 
 Moffitt; fourth vice-president, Rolla Wells; fifth 
 vice-president, Clark A. Sampson; secretary, 
 Frank Gaiennie; treasurer. Walker Hill; execu- 
 tive committee, A. D. Brown, R. P. Tansey, 
 D. D. Walker, J. C. Wilkinson, S. C. Bunn, 
 Jacob Furth, W. T. Haydock, M. C. Wetmore, 
 W. F. Nolker, George E. Leighton, T. B. Boyd, 
 Charles M. Hays, Goodman King, C. D. Mc- 
 Clure, M. Bernheimer, T. K. Niedringhaus, 
 H. J. Meyer, Jonathan Rice, August Gehner, 
 J. J. Kreher, C. H. Turner, L. D. Kingsland, 
 H. C. Townsend, R. M. Scruggs, Festus J. 
 Wade, Jerome Hill, A. T. Kelley, George D. 
 Barnard, D. S. Holmes, W. H. Woodward, 
 Patrick McGrath, J. Specht, W. H. Thompson 
 and George M. Wright. 
 
 Six committees were formed to deal respect- 
 ively with finance, advertising, transportation, 
 programme, illumination and hotel. Mr. John 
 S. Moffitt, who had been at the head of most of 
 the collecting funds for illuminations in prior 
 
 years, was appointed chairman of the finance 
 committee, which at once proceeded to attempt 
 the so-called impossible task of raising enough 
 money to carr\^ out the plans of the promoters 
 of the organization. Every professional and 
 mercantile interest in the city was classified and 
 nearly a hundred sub-committees were appointed 
 to assist in obtaining subscriptions. E.xtraordi- 
 nary success followed the efforts. A spirit oi 
 rivalry of the most friendly character was estab- 
 lished between the different trades and profes- 
 sions, and not to subscribe to the fund was tc 
 form an exception to a remarkably general rule, 
 That the Old St. Louis spirit was well-nigl 
 dead was proved by the fact that the collector; 
 only met with four rebuffs during their entin 
 work. A hundred thousand dollars was securec 
 the first week, and the work went on through 
 out the summer in the most satisfactory manner 
 Not only did the capitalists and employers o 
 labor subscribe freely, but the laborers them 
 selves came forward and contributed. Nearl) 
 every member of the police force and of the fir( 
 department, in addition to hundreds of travelin< 
 men and clerks, joined the procession, and th( 
 city acquired a proprietary interest in the asso 
 elation which it could not have done had tin 
 money been raised from the few instead of tin 
 many. A generation hence the list of subscriber 
 to the Autumnal Festivities Association will b 
 looked upon as a roll of honor, for while it ma; 
 be true that 
 
 The evil that meu do lives after them, 
 The good is oft interred with their boues, 
 
 this cannot be said to be the case with or 
 ganizations of what are sometimes incorrectl; 
 described as a " boom " order. Hence, whiL 
 the good influences of the festivities associatioi 
 are manifest to-day, they will be ten times mor 
 so twenty and fifty years hence, when much o 
 the good seed sown during the last two and ; 
 half years will have borne fruit a hundred and 
 thousand-fold. The work of collection was con 
 tinned during 1892, but the financial uneasines 
 in 1893 made it impossible to solicit new sub 
 scriptions. Fortunately, the remarkable manne 
 in which St. Louis weathered the storm enablei 
 
SOME AIDS TO PROGRESS. 
 
 83 
 
 he association to collect almost every dollar 
 )roiiiised it, and a total of more than S()00,OOU 
 vas received, inclnding as cash the large snms 
 generously donated by the local newspapers for 
 idvertising purposes. 
 
 Mr. J. C. Wilkinson became chairman of the 
 lluraination committee, which provided for St. 
 vouis during the years \^\fi and 1893 the most 
 nagnificent street illuminations ever attempted 
 n this or any other city. Space prevents a de- 
 ailed description of these illuminations. More 
 han 70,000 lights, half electric and half gas, 
 irere used for the purpose, and the down-town 
 treets were made a veritable blaze of light. 
 Phe electrical panorama which were seen on the 
 i-idest streets, and at the most conspicuous 
 loints, excited the admiration of the hundreds of 
 housands of visitors who were attracted to the 
 ity by them. Mr. Wilkinson earned the praise 
 if every one by the ingenuity of the designs 
 nd b\- the determined manner in which he in- 
 isted upon novelties being produced in the face 
 if technical objections and forecasts of certain 
 ailure. 
 
 Mr. Goodman King was 
 appointed chairman of the 
 
 THE BUREAU 
 }F INFORMATION. 
 
 advertising committee, the 
 lame of which was changed to the Bureau of 
 nformation in consequence of the vast scope 
 if its operations. As the writer of "Old and 
 ^ew St. Louis " is the secretary of this bureau, 
 \lr. Julian Ralph, whose able and comprehensive 
 irticle in Harpcr^s Nczv Monthly has already 
 )een referred to more than once, will be quoted 
 IS to its work and operations: " The bureau," 
 ays Mr. Ralph, "has offices in St. Louis, and 
 las also arranged to open others in London and 
 )ther cities in pursuit of a systematic effort to 
 idvertise the commercial, social and sanitary ad- 
 vantages which St. Louis possesses. It may cause 
 L smile to read that Chairman King and Secretary 
 !^ox report, in a circular now before me, what 
 vork the Bureau of Information has done 'to 
 :orrect any false impressions which have been 
 ;reated by the too great modesty of St. Louis- 
 ins in the past.' But they are right, for, as 
 :ompared with its rival, St. Louis 
 
 that defect, and the frank admission of such a 
 hated fault shows how far removed and reformed 
 from retarding bashfulness that city has since 
 become. The bureau reports that it is causing 
 the publication of half-page advertisements of 
 St. Louis, precisely as if it were a business or a 
 patent medicine, in sixty-two papers,* circulat- 
 ing more than a million copies; that it has 
 obtained reading notices in all these dailies; 
 that ' articles on St. Louis as a manufacturing 
 and connnercial metropolis and as a carnival 
 city' are sent out every day; that arrangements 
 are being made for a weekly mail letter to 500 
 southern and western journals, and that once 
 or twice a week news items are sent to the 
 principal dailies of the whole country. It was 
 found that St. Louis was not fairly treated in 
 the weekly trade reports published generally 
 throughout the country, and this source of com- 
 plaint has been removed. Invading the camp 
 of the arch-enemy — Chicago — the bureau has 
 caused a handsome ' Guide to Chicago ' to add 
 to its title the words, 'And St. Louis, the Car- 
 nival City of America.' It is also getting up a 
 rich and notable book to be called ' St. Louis 
 Through a Camera ' for circulation among all 
 English-speaking peoples. The local service 
 for the press telegraphic agencies has been 
 greatly improved, ' and the efforts of the bureau 
 to increase the number and extent of the notices 
 of St. Louis in the daily papers throughout the 
 United States have continued to prove success- 
 ful,' so that 'instead of St. Louis being ignored 
 or referred to in a very casual manner, it is now 
 recognized as fully as any other large city in 
 America.' 
 
 " I have described the operations of this asso- 
 ciation and its most active bureau at some 
 length because they exhibit the farthest ex- 
 treme yet reached in the development of the 
 most extraordinary phase of western enterprise. 
 There we see a city managed by its people as a 
 wide-awake modern merchant looks after his 
 
 *This was comparatively early in the bureau's issue. 
 It subsequently made use of the columns of more than 
 4,000 American newspapers, periodicals and magazines, 
 and issued 60,000 copies of the book spoken of in this ar- 
 ticle as being "got up." 
 
84 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 business. It is advertised and 'written up' and 
 pushed upon the attention of the world, with all 
 its good features clearly and proudly set forth. 
 There is boasting in the process, but it is always 
 based upon actual merit, for St. Louis is an old 
 and proud city, and there is no begging at all. 
 The methods are distinctly legitimate, and the 
 work accomplished is hard work paid for by 
 hard cash. It is considered a shrewd invest- 
 ment of energy and capital, and not a specula- 
 tion. If we in the eastern cities, who are said 
 to be 'fossilized,' are not inclined to imitate 
 such a remarkable example of enterprise, we 
 cannot help admiring the concord and the 
 hearty local pride from which it springs." 
 
 Another committee 
 THE NEW 1 • 1 1 , • J 
 
 which has achieved re- 
 PLANTERS' HOUSE. , , , • „ 
 
 inarkable success is the 
 
 hotel committee, of which Mr. M. C. Wetmore is 
 chairman. Authorized to offer a bonus of 
 $100,000 for the erection of a fire-proof hotel on 
 approved plans and on an acceptable site, at a 
 cost of not less than $1,000,000, it proceeded at 
 once to make its mission known and to invite 
 offers from corporations and capitalists. Vari- 
 ous propositions were made, but no actual 
 advance was made until a number of local capi- 
 talists, including several members of the asso- 
 ciation, joined together, purchased the old 
 Planters' House, removed the old structure and 
 commenced the erection of a fire-proof hotel, 
 which is now nearly completed and which can 
 be described as one of the finest hotels in 
 America, with an unlimited number of new 
 ideas and improvements in it. One of the great 
 events of 1894 will be the opening of this mag- 
 nificent hostelry, which will cost by the time it 
 is ready for opening nearly $2,000,000. It 
 bears as little resemblance to the old Planters' 
 House as New St. Louis does to Old St. Louis, 
 and, indeed, the two buildings may well be 
 taken as types of the correct thing forty years ago 
 and now. The hotel fronts on Fourth street, 
 and is bounded by Pine and Chestnut streets. 
 It is ten full stories high, and its front is de- 
 signed in the form of an inverted E, with two 
 recessed courts so arranged that of the 400 
 
 apartments nearly every one is a front room. 
 The style of internal decorations is not finally 
 settled, but it will be as fine as money can pro- 
 cure; and the hotel will be a source of admira- 
 tion not only in St. Louis, but through the 
 entire West. Various names were suggested 
 for the hotel when it was designed and while it 
 was in course of erection. It has, however, 
 been called, by general consent, the New Plant- 
 ers' House, a name which it will probably re- 
 tain, although it was at one time proposed to 
 call it the Columbian Hotel, a name which 
 would have been very appropriate and which 
 would have served as a perpetual reminder of 
 the date of the building's erection. This detail, 
 however, is not of such great importance as the 
 hotel itself, and, having got this latter, St. Louis 
 is not worrying itself greatly over the minor 
 question. 
 
 The Autumnal Festivities Association was 
 formed for three seasons, those of '91, '92 and 
 '93, and while these pages are in press it is 
 practically winding up its operation and termi- 
 nating its work. In some shape or other it 
 will, however, be perpetuated; for an associa- 
 tion of a permanent character will certainly be 
 formed during 1894 to carry on the work inau- 
 gurated by the festivities association and to so 
 large an extent successfully accomplished. 
 
 One exceptionally useful influence of the asso- 
 ciation will be found in the increased facilities 
 it has provided for the accommodation of dele- 
 gates to conventions. St. Louis has earned the 
 title of the Carnival City of America in conse- 
 quence of the lavish nature of its festivities and 
 entertainments, and it has also long been known 
 as the City of Conventions, because its phenom- 
 enal hospitality and its exceptional railroad facil- 
 ities have made it the most popular city in the 
 country for the holding of conventions, political, 
 social and commercial. As long ago as 18(i7 a 
 Ri\-er Convention, with delegates from over 
 twenty States and Territories, convened in the 
 old Mercantile Library Hall, which was one of 
 the largest public meeting places in the West. 
 The convention laid the foundation for many im- 
 provements which the Federal government has 
 
SOME AIDS ro PROGRESS. 
 
 85 
 
 bince carried out on the Mississippi river. Rail- 
 road conventions of great importance, but less 
 national in character, had been held before, but 
 this gathering excited almost universal atten- 
 tion. In the winter of 1872 a National Com- 
 mercial Convention was held. In 1875 a Na- 
 tional Railroads Convention was held, and many 
 measures of imj^ortance decided upon. The un- 
 varying success of the local entertainment com- 
 mittees in making delegates comfortable resulted 
 in a strong effort being made to secure the hold- 
 ing of the Democratic Nominating Convention 
 in St. Louis in 187G, and there was a general 
 feeling of satisfaction when the telegraphic news 
 announced that the Democrats proposed to nom- 
 inate the next President of the United States 
 here. The convention was held, and was a 
 marked success, as was also the great River 
 Convention of 1881. 
 
 During the eighties 
 
 THE GREAT 
 CONVENTION YEARS. 
 
 conventions followed each 
 other in rapid succession. 
 In 1885 a Cattle Convention of great importance 
 was held, and 1886 and 1887 were the banner 
 years of St. Louis in the matter of conventions. 
 In the former year the physicians, photograph- 
 ers and butchers of the United States met suc- 
 cessively in annual convention in the Exposition 
 Hall, and enjoyed not only satisfactory and well- 
 attended business meetings, but a glorious time 
 of recreation as well, the citizens never tiring of 
 subscribing to entertainment funds. The con- 
 vention boom of 1886 culminated in the Knights 
 Templar Triennial Conclave, during which car- 
 nival reigned supreme. An immediate outcome 
 of the success of the 1886 convention season was 
 the selection of St. Louis for the Grand Army 
 Reunion in 1887. This was followed by a visit 
 from President and Mrs. Cleveland, whose wel- 
 come was one they will never forget. The fes- 
 tivities were on a high order, and attracted 
 enormous crowds. In 1888 the Democratic 
 party held its Nominating Convention in the Ex- 
 position Building, where the National Saenger- 
 bund also met. 
 
 Passing o\er several important gatherings, 
 mention may be made of the grand Odd Fellows' 
 
 Convention in 1891, which was a success beyond 
 expectation. In 1892 the People's party held 
 its organizing conference in the city, and during 
 the same year an important Nicaragua Canal 
 Convention was held. In 1893 the National 
 Electric Light Association held its convention 
 in the city, and the Exposition was besieged with 
 applications for standing room to hear Nicola 
 Tesla describe his trium^ihs over the mysteries 
 of electricity. The furniture manufacturers, the 
 saddlers, the florists, and the builders, as well as 
 many other commercial organizations, met in 
 convention in the city during the year, as did 
 also an important monetary and trade convention 
 of the Western States. During the fall the 
 Autumnal Festivities Association also enter- 
 tained the foreign commissioners to the World's 
 Fair, and other delegations of importance were 
 seen here. 
 
 A history of St. Louis and its conventions 
 alone could be written and provide material for 
 a large volume. All that has been attempted is 
 to show how thoroughly St. Louis is entitled to 
 the name "Convention City," and how admira- 
 bly it has learnt its lesson as to how to enter- 
 tain. 
 
 _„_ St. Louis holds 
 
 THE . . . 
 
 the record of ten 
 TEN-TIMES SUCCESSFUL , 
 
 consecutive annual 
 
 EXPOSITION. .^. u t 
 
 expositions, each of 
 
 which has more than paid its own expenses. It 
 had long been accepted as a proved fact that no 
 city could maintain an exposition year after year 
 successfully. Even London, by far the largest 
 city in the world, and the first city in which an 
 international exposition was ever held, has failed 
 in more than one attempt to maintain a success- 
 ful annual display of manufactured and artistic 
 goods; and in nearly every large city in this 
 country an exposition building, diverted from its 
 original use to manufacturing or store-room 
 purposes, stands out in bold relief in silent testi- 
 mony to another failure. But in all the bright 
 vocabulary of St. Louis, is no such word as 
 "fail," and the Exposition has proved a success 
 every year since it was first opened, namely, in 
 1884. In 1883 a number of gentlemen m?t at 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 the Mercantile Club, and after talking over the 
 possibility of erecting an exposition building and 
 holding an annual exposition, decided to ignore 
 the difficulties and make the attempt. The en- 
 tire funds for the work were raised locally, and 
 although the bulk of the money was subscribed 
 in the fonn of stock, it is only just to the original 
 investors to state that they had little or no hope 
 of return, and were actuated more by a spirit of 
 local pride and enthusiasm than a desire to ob- 
 tain a good investment. The nominal cost of 
 the Exposition Building, which was built during 
 the years 1883-84 on a six-acre site on Olive 
 and St. Charles streets, between Thirteenth and 
 Fourteenth streets, was $750,000, but so much 
 money has been spent in perfecting the structure 
 that $1,000,000 should be named as the ap- 
 proximate actual cost. The building is too well 
 known to all St. Louis people to need a detailed 
 description. The large music hall has 3,507 
 numbered seats, and on special occasions will 
 accommodate twice as many people. The space 
 intended for general displays is very large and 
 admirably arranged, and from the first the Ex- 
 position was a success. 
 
 It was opened in September, 1884, and during 
 the season, which lasted six weeks, over 500,000 
 people passed through the turnstiles. Every 
 year it has repeated its triumph, and nearly 
 6,000,000 people have paid admission fee since 
 the first opening. For several years Patrick 
 Sarsfield Gilmore and his famous band fur- 
 nished the music every season. In 1892 Col. 
 Gilmore commenced the season with his band of 
 100 pieces, and just as he was enjoying the tri- 
 umph of his life, that life ended with painful 
 suddenness and the Exposition suffered severely 
 in consequence. In 1893 John Phillip Sousa 
 commenced a three-years' engagement with his 
 unrivaled band, and during the season Madame 
 Scalchi and other artists of international repute 
 assisted in the concerts. The attendance in 
 1893 far exceeded expectations. It had been 
 feared that the competition of the World's Fair, 
 added to the general financial depression, would 
 have resulted in a serious falling off in attend- 
 ance, and the loss on the season was debated 
 
 very freely by those to whom ignorance is never 
 bliss, but rather the reverse. Long before the 
 close of the season it became evident that there 
 would be a handsome surplus, and when the 
 season closed there remained a profit consider- 
 ably in excess of $25,000 — a wonderful achieve- 
 ment when the exceptional difficulties of the 
 year are taken into account. Twenty years 
 hence the work of the Exposition management 
 will be appreciated much more highly than it is 
 to-day, but even now it is generally realized that 
 the men who have made the Exposition a suc- 
 cess and who have enabled the entire bonded 
 indebtedness to be paid off, deser\-e the thanks 
 of the entire city. The first president of the 
 Exposition was Mr. Sam. M. Kennard, who 
 bore the burden and heat of the day for nine 
 years and then insisted on being allowed to 
 retire. He was succeeded by Gov. E. O. 
 Stanard, who gave to the duties of the office the 
 careful attention which has marked his honored 
 career. He in turn was succeeded late in 1893 
 by Mr. T. B. Boyd. Too much credit cannot 
 be given to General Manager Frank Gaiennie, 
 whose success in 1893 must be regarded as phe- 
 nomenal and by whose efforts some of the choic- 
 est exhibits at the World's Fair have been 
 secured for the local display of 1894 and 1895. 
 This promises quite a change in the appearance 
 of the Exposition next year; and in view of the 
 enterprise of the management, there seems no 
 reason to doubt that the St. Louis Exposition 
 will continue year after year with unabated 
 triumph. 
 
 Although not what may be termed a New 
 St. Louis institution, the St. Louis Agricultural 
 and Mechanical Association deserves credit for the 
 yeoman service it has rendered year after year. 
 At one time the St. Louis Fair was one of the 
 greatest events in the West, and although neither 
 the city or country fair is the attraction it once 
 was, the St. Louis Fair continues the greatest 
 thing of its kind in the world. The build- 
 ing of the new Jockey Club House, and the 
 erection and opening of the new grand stand 
 are more strictly of the newer order of things, 
 and some very excellent racing has been seen in 
 
SOME A/nS TO PROGRESS. 
 
 87 
 
 St. Louis. The \'eiled Prophet has assisted the 
 institution in a variety of ways, and has timed 
 his visits so as to make them come in Fair week, 
 or the first complete week of October. 
 
 Tlie opening of the finest base-ball park in 
 America in 1893 serves as a reminder of the 
 fame St. L,ouis base-ball players have obtained. 
 Although not now world's champions the 
 "Browns" are still great ball players, and a 
 third world's championship flag will in the near 
 future float over Sportsman's Park. 
 
 TRAFFIC COMMISSION . ^^^°^^ ^'"^^^>- ^°"""^'^- 
 cial than these agencies 
 
 are the Traffic Commis- 
 SPANISH CLUB. ^.^^^ ^,^^ ^,^^ ^^^^^.^^ 
 
 Club, already referred to. The Traffic Commis- 
 sion, as at present organized, is a most useful 
 bod\-, and it has done work for St. L,ouis com- 
 merce which it would ha\e taken many years to 
 accomplish by individual effort. It has insisted 
 upon justice to the city in the matter of freight 
 rates, ahd has succeeded in adjusting an im- 
 mense number of irregularities and discrimina- 
 tions against this city. By its aid hundreds of 
 miles of territory have been added to the district 
 easily accessible to St. Louis trade, and it is still 
 continuing its good work in a variety of ways. 
 The commission has permanent offices in the 
 Equitable Building, and is under the active 
 management of Traffic Commissioner Osgood, a 
 railroad mau of unlimited experience and marked 
 ability. 
 
 The work of the Spanish Clul) has already 
 been enlarged upon. It is an institution which 
 has somewhat hid its light under a bushel in 
 the past, and although it has increased railroad 
 and river connection between St. Louis and 
 Mexico, secured reduction in rates amounting to 
 quite a substantial percentage, and more than 
 doubled the trade between Mississippi and 
 Spanish-American points, but a comparatively 
 few people appreciate the extent of its work and 
 its triumphs. The club has now handsome 
 quarters in the Columbia Building. Its presi- 
 dent is Mr. L. D. Kingsland, and its secretary Mr. 
 S. L. Biggers, both of whom have traveled ex- 
 tensively through Spanish-speaking countries. 
 
 The assistant and acting secretary is Mr. Ber- 
 nard Mackey, for many years in the consular 
 service. 
 
 The Citizens' Smoke Abatement Association 
 is another organization designed to aid the trade 
 as well as the salubrity of St. Louis. Nearly 
 all the coal used for manufacturing purposes in 
 St. Louis is bituminous, and the quantity of 
 smoke sent out by the countless chimneys is 
 very destructive to stocks of merchandise, in 
 addition to being objectionable from both the 
 standpoints of health and comfort. As the re- 
 sult of prolonged agitation, the Citizens' Smoke 
 Abatement Association was formed some two 
 years ago. It has succeeded in obtaining legis- 
 lation against the emission of smoke. An im- 
 mense number of boiler-plant owners have co- 
 operated with the association and abated the 
 smoke without waiting for legal proceedings. 
 Those who failed to fall in with the procession 
 are now being proceeded against in the courts, 
 and although in a manufacturing city like St. 
 Louis there will always be a certain amount of 
 smoke, the smoke nuisance will be so far re- 
 duced as to be practically abated. 
 
 During the last few 
 
 THE MERCHANTS' 
 EXCHANGE. 
 
 months the Merchants' Ex- 
 change has purchased the 
 building, a portion of which it has occupied for 
 several years. The Exchange is the successor 
 of one of the oldest commercial institutions of 
 the West. In l.s;>() a meeting of merchants 
 and traders was held and the St. Louis Chamber 
 of Commerce established. It did not resemble 
 in any way our present Merchants' Exchange, 
 being rather a large market and commission 
 house, with arrangements for arbitration in dis- 
 putes. In 1<S47 ground was purchased at the 
 corner of Third and Chestnut streets for the 
 purpose of erecting an exchange building, and 
 in 184!» the Merchants' Exchange was estab- 
 lished and carried on more or less in connection 
 with the Chamber of Commerce. The Millers' 
 Convention was formed shortly afterwards; and 
 the ^Millers' Exchange, established at Nos. 9 
 and 11 Locust street, was the first exchange in 
 the United States established for the purpose of 
 
OLD AXD XF.W ST. LOUIS. 
 
 bringing together bm-ers and sellers of grain. 
 In 1855 a aioveme-nt was started whicb resulted 
 in the erection of the Exchange Hall, on Main 
 street, which for many years was the great cen- 
 ter of trade in the city. During the war political 
 differences led to the organization of the Union 
 Merchants' Exchange, a name which was re- 
 tained until 1875, when it was changed to the 
 Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis, and all the 
 organizations were practically amalgamated. 
 In 1874 the corner-stone was laid for the present 
 Chamber of Commerce, which still continues to 
 be one of the finest exchanges of its character 
 in America. The grand hall is 221 feet in 
 length, 92 feet wide and 80 feet high. The 
 ceiling is perhaps the most appropriate and 
 handsome in the countr}\ It is finished in 
 elaborate fresco work, with paintings in the 
 panels. In their general details these are strik- 
 ingly magnificent. The north panel is conspic- 
 uous for its characteristic types of England, 
 (lermany, Italy, France, Scotland and other 
 nations of the Old World in the central group, 
 with others surrounding. The southern panel has 
 types of Asiatic and African countries, and on 
 the cornice are the States of the Union, desig- 
 nated by name. 
 
 The Exchange membership includes some 
 three thousand of the leading men of the city. 
 The first president of the Chamber of Commerce 
 was Mr. Edward Tracy. He was succeeded by 
 Messrs. Wa}-man Crow, George K. McGunnegle, 
 W. N. Morrison, Alfred Vincent, R. M. Henning, 
 Henry. Ames, E. M. Ryland, R. M. Funk- 
 liouser, D. A. January and William Mathews. 
 The following gentlemen have served as presi- 
 dents of the Merchants' Exchano-e: 
 
 18G2 Henry J. RIoore. 
 
 1863 GKORC.E rAKTKIDGI 
 
 1864' Thomas Richeson. 
 186.5 Barton Able. 
 
 1866 E. O. Stanard. 
 
 1867 C. L. Tucker. 
 
 1868 John J. Roe. 
 
 1869 George p. Plant. 
 1S70 Wm. J. Lewis. 
 
 1871 Gerard B. Allen. 
 
 1872 R. P. Tansey. 
 
 1873 Wm. H. Scudder. 
 
 1874 Web. M. Samuel. 
 
 1875 D. P. Rowland. 
 
 1876 Nathan Cole. 
 
 1877 John A. Scudder. 
 
 1878 George Bain. 
 
 1879 John Wahl. 
 
 1880 Alex. H. Smith. 
 1S81 Michael McEnnis. 
 
 1882 Chas. E. Slayback. 
 
 1883 J. C. EwALD. 
 18S4 D. R. Francis. 
 
 1885 Henry C. Haarstick. 
 
 1886 S. W. Cobb. 
 
 1887 Frank Gaiennie. 
 18S8 Chas. F. Orthwein. 
 
 1889 Chas. A. Cox. 
 
 1890 John W. Kauffman. 
 181)1 Marcus Bernheijier. 
 ls9-i Isaac M. Mason. 
 1S93 W. T. Anderson. 
 
 Mr. George H. Morgan has been secretarv- and 
 treasurer since the year 18G5. 
 
 The Builders' Exchange is the successor of 
 the Mechanics' Exchange, another institution 
 which has done good service in concentrating 
 and developing the trade and commerce of St. 
 Louis. It was originally organized in 1839; it 
 was reorganized on a wider basis, under the 
 name of the Mechanics' and Manufacturers' 
 Exchange and Library Association of St. Louis, 
 in 1852. In 1856 there was another reorgani- 
 zation, and the exchange was established very 
 much on the basis on which it exists to-day. 
 In 1879 its headquarters were at 10(j North 
 Fourth street, and later its headquarters were 
 on Seventh street, between Chestnut and Market. 
 Upwards of a year ago, it moved into elegant 
 offices in the Telephone Building, where it con- 
 tinues to exercise a most beneficent influence 
 on the Ijuikling and kindred trades and interests 
 of the city. It is universally regarded as one of 
 the permanent institutions of the city of St. 
 Louis, and is devoted to the building and ma- 
 terial interests of the city, affording an oppor- 
 tunity to its members and all engaged in the 
 building business to enjoy the great advantage 
 of having a meeting place in the central part of 
 the city for the consideration of questions of 
 importance relating to trade matters, lettings, 
 and so forth. The hall is so large that it is 
 used for conventions and similar gatherings. 
 Mr. Richard Walsh is the secretary, and the 
 1893 president is Mr. W^m. J. Baker. 
 
 The limits of space forbid a detailed history 
 of the Real Estate Exchange, Coal Exchange, 
 Brewers' Association, the Associated Wholesale 
 Grocers of St. Louis, the Retail Grocers' Asso- 
 ciation, the Furniture Board of Trade, of which 
 mention has already been made; the Cotton Ex- 
 change, the W^ool and Fur Association, the Live 
 Stock Exchange, the newly-formed Wholesale 
 Clothing Association, and of the other organiza- 
 tions designed to aid the city's commerce in 
 various directions. St. Louis is fortunate in both 
 the number and extent of these associations, and 
 the influence of their work has been felt in a 
 large variety of ways. 
 
FINANCE AND BANKING. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 FINANCE AND BANKING. 
 
 NEW ST. LOUIS AN IMPORTANT FINANCIAL CENTER.-BANK CLEARINGS.-TRUST COMPANIES 
 AND BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 E HAVE ALREADY seen that St. 
 Louis is the great manufacturing and 
 commercial center of a district even 
 larger than that which is generally 
 described as the Mississippi Valley. 
 It is equally true that St. Louis is 
 the great financial center of a district almost as 
 large. The banks of St. Louis are known 
 throughout the entire countr}- for their solidity 
 and for the conservative policy which has char- 
 acterized their management. The year 1893 
 was a peculiarly trying one for banks, and from 
 ever}' large city in the Union there came reports 
 of distrust and uneasiness, followed, in very 
 many cases, by records of actual suspension. 
 None of the cities of the first class went through 
 the ordeal entirely scathless, with the single 
 exception of St. Louis, where there was not a 
 single bank failure, nor even a suspicion of 
 insolvency. Had it not been for the reports 
 telegraphed from other cities, and the doleful 
 forecasts of impending national calamity, St. 
 Louis would have gone through the year with- 
 out any knowledge of the panic, and its financial 
 institutions would have done their ordinary bus- 
 iness just as if it had been a great boom year. 
 As it was, the reports of disasters elsewhere 
 naturally led to timid depositors withdrawing 
 money from the banks, but thanks to the solid 
 rock foundation of these institutions, the with- 
 drawals did not cause them any alann, and, al- 
 though the reduction in the amount of loanable 
 capital necessarily hampered commercial prog- 
 ress, all demands were promptly met; and it was 
 proved that, with all its energy and enterprise, 
 
 New St. Louis is just as solid and substantial as 
 the unduly conservative Old St. Louis used to be. ' 
 
 The history of banking institutions in St. Louis 
 need not be traced at any great length in this 
 work. In 181G the Missouri Gazette wrote on 
 "the opulent town of St. Louis, with a capital 
 of nearly $1,000,000," but went on to complain 
 that there was no bank in the city to foster 
 business, although the territorial legislature had 
 granted a charter for one three years before. 
 The banks of St. Louis and of Missouri, to which 
 reference has already been made, were estab- 
 lished soon after this, and the use of peltrj' and 
 hides in place of money began to die out. The 
 Bank of the State of Missouri appears to have done 
 the bulk of th^ banking business for some time 
 after this, and in November, 1829, this institu- 
 tion, in consequence of the suspension of a num- 
 ber of eastern banks, passed a resolution that in 
 the future it would receive and pay only its own 
 notes and specie on the notes of specie-paying 
 banks. Something of a local panic followed, and 
 on November 13tli a meeting was held to take 
 into consideration the action of the bank. A 
 mimber of the prominent capitalists of the city, 
 including George Collier, E. Tracy, Pierre 
 Chouteau, John Walsh, William Glasgow, John 
 Pern,-, Henry Von Phul, John Kerr, G. K. 
 McGunnegle, Joseph C. Leveille and John 
 O'Fallon, with great public spirit pledged them- 
 selves to indemnify the bank against any loss it 
 might sustain by the depreciation in notes. The 
 offer was somewhat discourteously declined, and 
 as a result the Bank of the State of Missouri was 
 practically boycotted, and the St. Louis Gas 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Light and the various insurance companies 
 transacted most of the banking business. 
 
 Private banking houses sprang into existence 
 about this time, and the financial troubles of 
 1853 and 1854 were reflected on this city. In 
 January, 1855, there was a run on several private 
 banks and some of a more public character; but 
 once more the public-spirited men of St. Louis 
 came forward and checked the run by guarantee- 
 ing deposits in the banking houses of Lucas & 
 Simonds, Bogy, Miltenberg & Company, Tesson 
 & Dangen, L. A. Benoist & Company, J. J. 
 Anderson & Company, Darby & Barksdale and 
 the Boatmen's Savings Institution. The panic 
 was at an end and business was resumed as be- 
 fore. In 1857 there was a renewal of trouble, 
 but once more it was met in the same generous- 
 hearted manner. After the war the banking 
 institutions of St. Louis gathered strength, and 
 until the panic of l>i7;> the local financial needs 
 were well met. In that year $300,000 of 
 " brown-backs " were issued. They took their 
 name from the fact that owing to the dearth of 
 currency, Mayor Brown recommended the Coun- 
 cil to issue warrants to the extent of $300,000. 
 The proposition was accepted and the warrants 
 or notes issued. The financial transaction was 
 a unique one, and served its purpose remarkably 
 well. Confidence was restored, and although 
 there was further difficulty in 1887, that year 
 may be named as the last in which there was 
 any serious troul)le with St. Louis banks. 
 
 Earlv in the year 1887 
 
 ST. LOUIS A CENTRAL 
 RESERVE CITY. 
 
 St. Louis was made a 
 central reser\-e city and 
 a depositary for national banks of other cities. 
 This recognition by the Federal government of 
 the importance of St. Louis as a financial cen- 
 ter has had the effect of making St. Louis ex- 
 change used much more generally throughout 
 the entire West and Southwest, and a very much 
 larger number of banks in other cities have in- 
 cluded St. Louis financial institutions in their 
 lists of correspondents. Several of the largest 
 firms have still further emphasized the impor- 
 tance of St. Louis by remitting their personal 
 checks on city banks for the payment of ac- 
 
 counts due in other cities. This practice has 
 not yet become as general as it ought to be, and 
 efforts have been made during the last two or 
 three years to make the practice universal. 
 Some firms still adhere to the old practice of pur- 
 chasing exchange on New York and remitting 
 the same in payment of accounts, a practice 
 which involves a loss in illegitimate bank clear- 
 ings of several millions per month. 
 
 A large majority of the city banks favor the 
 remitting of personal checks in preference to 
 the purchase of exchange, and their influence is 
 being gradually made perceptible in the riglit 
 direction. In the days of Old St. Louis it was 
 quite a usual practice for large firms to keep a 
 banking account in New York, and to pay all 
 eastern accounts by checks drawn on their New 
 York banks. This plan is obviously unjust to a 
 city of the magnitude of St. Louis, and, although 
 it will take several years to make the remission 
 of vSt. Louis checks to all outside points general, 
 it is gratifying to know that very few firms now 
 adhere to the plan of checking on New York 
 instead of on banks of their own city. Consid- 
 ering the high financial standing of St. Louis 
 banks and the central location of the city, St. 
 Louis checks ought to be accepted at par in all 
 parts of the country, and they are done so when 
 any attempt is made to insist. 
 
 Only once has New St. Louis seen a bank fail- 
 ure. That was eight years ago, and was the 
 result of a personal breach of trust, and not of 
 commercial or financial depression. The last 
 statement as to banks and banking capital in 
 Old St. Louis shows that the capital and surplus 
 was $13,492,9()-1; the savings and time deposits, 
 $8,901,522; the current deposits, $32,827,489, 
 and the circulation, $632,850. This was in 
 1882, and at the present time the banking busi- 
 ness of the city has gained such proportions that 
 the capital of the national banks alone exceeds 
 $2(5,000,000; the surplus and profits, $3,000,000, 
 and the loans and discounts, $23,000,000. The 
 following official statement of the twenty-six 
 leading St. Louis banks, is one of which the 
 city is naturally proud, and it shows very clearly 
 the financial solidity of New St. Louis: 
 
FINANCE AND BANKING. 
 
 91 
 
 OFFICIAL STATEAIENT OF THE TWENTY-SIX LEADING ST. LOUIS BANKS. 
 
 RESOURCES. 
 
 nk of Commerce 
 
 itmen's 
 
 arth Natioual 
 itiueutal Nat'l 
 ,te Bank 
 Louis Natioual 
 rman Savings 
 
 chanics' 
 
 nmercial 
 
 :lede Natioual 
 
 ird National 
 
 rman-American 
 
 rchants' Nat'l 
 
 iayette 
 
 1. Exchange 
 
 rthwestern 
 t.B.of Republic 
 
 :men 
 
 llanphy 
 smical National 
 
 ernational 
 
 izens' 
 
 ith Side 
 ithern Coinl 
 ferson 
 
 i^l, 499, 834.30 
 1,124,463.89 
 971,840.56 
 938,732.01 
 767,174.68 
 591,333.88 
 365,262.70 
 695,871.13 
 1,050,234.63 
 545,478,65 
 430,001.64 
 567,324.95 
 294,702.05 
 522,275.47 
 310,846.93 
 183,691.91 
 86,344.60 
 2.'i3, 519.29 
 
 -J SiJ.'Or^ is: ^•.■,S1 (.06S. 
 
 69, 
 
 1.45 
 
 80,518.10 
 130,599.73 
 138,265.30 
 219,601.25 
 140,483.39 
 12,192 95 
 37,143.65 
 
 1^7,645.34 
 748,3.00.84 
 398,865.11 
 501,649.90 
 3J9, 782.42 
 410,756.88 
 332,629.92 
 259,664.55 
 181,108.27 
 197,538.90 
 209,344.09 
 
 161,661 no 
 
 14.">. ir,;i.2'.i 
 33,306.7(1 
 9S,535.9.T 
 36,220.15 
 66,614.3 
 92,015.38 
 21,729.67 
 4,160.42 
 
 3,2i;(),664.(J4 
 
 2,675,369.12 
 
 2,745,923.50 
 
 2.659,568.56 
 
 2,171,975.86 
 
 2,370,824 
 
 2,091,922.00 
 
 1,651,002.83 
 
 1,625,649.52 
 
 1,934,707.56 
 
 1,715,367.17 
 
 1,643,539.27 
 
 1.120,462.51 
 
 1,1144,564.58 
 
 6;U, 123.06 
 
 82.-1,103.15 
 
 796,249 
 
 589,943.72 
 
 514.212.46 
 
 441,790, 
 
 205,314. 
 
 121,190.05 
 
 724,071.37 
 259,050.24 
 664,610.00 
 508,703.79 
 286.327.73 
 
 56,000.00 
 
 490,000.00 
 
 3,523.00 
 
 4,977.10 
 
 69,500.00 
 
 94,612 50l 
 480,200.00 
 654,630.00 
 
 58,000.00 
 
 224,300.00 
 
 3,200.00 
 
 352,127.68 
 
 60,850.00 
 265,500.00 
 154,513.24 
 
 57,000.00 
 
 64,289.04 
 
 5,825.92 
 
 113,386.00 
 
 5.797.77 
 
 530,000.00 % 
 
 508,321.1 
 20,237.65 
 50,000.00 
 44,269.91 
 
 211,000.00 
 63,131.37. 
 
 50,663.97 
 180,000.00 
 
 30,000.00 
 134,000.00 
 
 500.00. 
 
 17,500.00 
 19,000.00 
 37,831.46 
 10,000.00 
 59,789.62 
 9,879.94 
 3,800 00 
 10,774.48 
 1,900.00 
 
 1.120.10 
 3,929.08 
 1,108.49 
 5,8S2.80 
 
 536.72 
 2,830.91 
 1,486.42 
 5,329.80 
 10,474.22 
 1,315.10 
 
 394.46 
 
 567.54 
 2,316.80 
 3,328.66 
 
 278.. 54 
 2,062.41 
 1,906.02 
 
 406.9 
 2,235.1 
 
 iOfi-O (-22,489.46 
 ;><:. 7 '.Ml 200.08 
 1.- .■.•-'77,435.54 
 ■•.i-l, .Vi'.MJ, 952.44 
 ..2.SI 4,002,206.98 
 4,310,076.25 
 4,068,264.57 
 3,861,732.69 
 3,560,899.09 
 3.473,195.75 
 3,135,048.86 
 2,988,729.05 
 2,892,920.75 
 2,737,760.65 
 2,465,687.99 
 2.002,693.04 
 l,(i89,520.47 
 1,600,343.66 
 1,190,923.34 
 1,133,589.45 
 1,095,945.12 
 888,786.37 
 818,196.35 
 793,381.02 
 256,216.59 
 166,629.31 
 
 LI.A.BILITIES. 
 
 U.\XK. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Surplus 
 and Profits. 
 
 Circulation. 
 
 Individual 
 Deposits. 
 
 Hank 
 Deposits. 
 
 Time 
 Deposits. 
 
 Bills 
 Payable. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 ik of Commerce 
 
 |3.000,000.0o'i; 884,604.10 
 
 % 45,000.00 
 
 P,032, 192.97 
 
 fl, 578,014.63 
 
 % 882,667.761; 
 
 19,422,489.46 
 
 Itmen's 
 
 2,000.000.00 
 
 541,535.60 
 
 
 3.012,400.10 
 
 865 475.(1(1 
 
 1,921. 797. 72 
 
 7,941,200.08 
 
 urth National 
 
 1 ,000,000.00 
 
 848,179. 2S 
 
 .15,(100 (Ml 
 
 1.7s7.1.-)4.0-l 
 
 1,1.^3,021.:!! 
 
 :!0:|.170 82 50.000.00 
 
 5,277,435..54 
 
 Itiueutal Nat'l 
 
 2,000,000.00 
 
 2o9,8S3.-J(i 
 
 
 1 ,i')'Jt,."i77.iH 
 
 l,l:i:;,iiM.M 
 
 1:; 1,407, 10 
 
 5,196,952.44 
 
 te Bauk 
 
 650,000.00 
 
 1,197,089.44 
 
 
 ■2,osi,:;o.-,.7i 
 
 2:1:!. 2M .'■'■ 
 
 8'ji,.-.:;o.ii 
 
 4,552.206.98 
 
 Louis Natioual 
 
 1,000,000.00 
 
 190,212.43 
 
 45.001100 
 
 i,:;i.". io:;.7o 
 
 l..-.',ii;,2.;:i,l7 
 
 163. 190.69 
 
 4.310,076.25 
 
 rman Savings 
 
 250,000.00 
 
 .524,511.87 
 
 
 i,.-.i.-..77i; ^1 
 
 
 1,52S,843.32| 218,-545 82 
 
 4,068,264.57 
 
 chanics- 
 
 600,000.00 
 
 688,200.91 
 
 
 1,71.-.. 7:1:; M 
 
 :;i;i,2i;;ms 
 
 402,128.08 64,340.41 
 
 3,861,732.69 
 
 tumercial 
 
 500,000.00 
 
 530,219.79 
 
 
 
 •J, 20-_>. 07-1.(17 
 
 :;i i.o::i.74 
 
 15,770.49' 
 
 3,560,899.09 
 
 :lede Natioual 
 
 1,000,000.00 
 
 194,711.75 
 
 45,00().0( 
 
 l.4m,i:i4.:i!i 
 
 745, 093. lis 
 
 86,3.50.28 
 
 3,473,195.75 
 
 rd National... 
 
 1,000,000.00 
 
 330.987.82 
 
 45,O0O.OC 
 
 1,045,055.27 
 
 714,005.77 
 
 
 3,135,048.86 
 
 rman-American 
 
 150,000.0(1 
 
 661,019.38 
 
 
 1,394,191.49 
 
 137.085.75 
 
 646.482.48 
 
 2,988,729.05 
 
 nklin 
 
 200,000.00 
 
 462,931.61 
 
 
 1,037,768.63 
 
 216,781.45 
 
 975.480.01; 
 
 2,892,920.75 
 
 rchants' Nat'l 
 
 700,000.00 
 
 246,972.51 
 
 45,000.00 
 
 1,064,005.75 
 
 475,241.28 
 
 206.541.11 
 
 2,737,760.65 
 
 avette 
 
 100,000.0c 
 
 251,284.69 
 
 
 957,325.52 
 
 3.918.01 
 
 l,153.3r,0.77 
 
 2,465,687.99 
 
 . Exchange 
 
 500,000. Of 
 
 .357,738.61 
 
 
 798 090.16 
 
 184,152.81 
 
 92,7rr2.i;7 »lO,'.i.-,s.79 
 
 2,002,693.04 
 
 
 100.000. DC 
 
 1X4,099 .'-in 
 
 
 414,822 85 
 
 
 1,040.507. 711 
 
 1,689,520.47 
 
 t.B.of Republic 
 
 5oo.no(Mii 
 
 21 li-j ^r, 
 
 1.-., 000.00 
 
 443,197.04 
 
 503,411.11 
 
 84,202.6.-, 
 
 1,600..34366 
 
 men 
 
 lOO.Oiiii.iii 
 
 I:i7 (iiMiiHi 
 
 
 402,521.75 
 
 
 551, 401.. -,0 
 
 1.190,923.34 
 
 llanphy 
 
 100,(1(111.111 
 
 li,ll,,ss.-,.',i.s 
 
 
 334.220.24 
 
 9,374.43 
 
 529,1 OS. ^4 
 
 1,133,589.45 
 
 emical Nat'l 
 
 500,000.00 
 
 :s6,2.N.s.ys 
 
 45,0O0.0C 
 
 344,345.80 
 
 90,669.33 
 
 79,642.01 
 
 1,095.945.12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 203 008 02 
 
 888,786.37 
 
 izens' 
 
 200,000.00 
 
 71 665 38 
 
 
 415 230 67 
 
 10 783 35 
 
 120 510 0.-| 
 
 818,196.35 
 
 
 300,000.00 
 100,000.00 
 
 35,323.13 
 14,069..33 
 
 
 306,311.61 
 91,034.38 
 
 
 
 793,381.02 
 256,216.59 
 
 iithern Com'l 
 
 
 
 51,112.881 
 
 erson 
 
 100,000.00 
 
 3,239.65 
 
 
 59,550.56 
 
 
 3 833 101 6.59 
 
 106,629.31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
92 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 It is universally conceded by experts that the 
 St. Louis banks keep themselves in an excep- 
 tionally solid position. The statement on the 
 preceding page was prepared during the financial 
 depression, and shows the institutions at their 
 worst, instead of their best. Yet, the available 
 funds for the surplus reserve averaged forty to 
 forty-four per cent, as compared with less than 
 twenty-five per cent in New York, and similar 
 percentages elsewhere. The number of banks 
 in St. Louis does not increase rapidly, but it is 
 observed that those already in operation increase 
 their facilities for doing business steadily, and 
 one after the other they secure more handsome, 
 commodious premises for the transaction of their 
 business. Some of the most desirable corners 
 in the city are now occupied by banks, and dur- 
 ing the last few months several important 
 changes of location have taken place. 
 
 In addition to banks proper, St. Louis has 
 three \ery large trust companies, which are 
 transacting a banking business of great impor- 
 tance, as well as acting as trustees and execu- 
 tors' and filling in many other ways a want long 
 felt in financial circles. These institutions do 
 not at present make use of the Clearing House 
 directly in their transactions, and hence the 
 blisihess of that institution is not increased to 
 the extent that the biisiness done would appear 
 to indicate. This last-named institution was 
 organized in 18()8, and has continued without 
 interruption since. The first president was 
 Mr. W. E. Burr, president of the St. Louis Na- 
 tional Bank, who was succeeded in lK7;-> by 
 Mr. Charles Parsons. In the same year Mr. 
 Edward Chase became manager, and for the 
 last twenty years he has conducted the vast 
 transactions of the Clearing House A.ssociation 
 with marked ability. In 187.') an amendment 
 was made to the constitution making the mini- 
 mum capital of meml)ers $ir)0,()00, a conserva- 
 tive policy which is still maintained. 
 
 As already mentioned, the returns of the St. 
 Louis Clearing House do not adequately repre- 
 sent the financial transactions of the city. This 
 is largely because of the comparative diminutive 
 amount of speculation and dealing in o])tions 
 
 in St. Louis as compared with other more reck- 
 less centers. There is also an absence of any 
 attempt here to make the figures better than 
 they really are. Thus, in some centers checks 
 are issued with the endorsement that they are 
 payable only through the clearing house, and 
 hence all purely local transactions become added 
 to the total. Also, in St. Louis it is the almost 
 invariable practice to pay wages in cash and 
 not by means of checks, as is a common prac- 
 tice in many industrial centers. In addition to 
 this, it is the practice of the St. Louis banks to 
 pay their daily balances to each other in cur- 
 rency. In many cities the certificate given by 
 the Clearing House to banks, showing the 
 amount coming to them on the balances from 
 otlier banks, are treated as checks and cleared 
 th.e following day, so that the amount of the 
 balances of one day is added to the total clear- 
 ings of the next. It is really a question of 
 arithmetic and book-keeping only, but the sub- 
 ject is worthy of mention, because it is impor- 
 tant St. Louis people should realize that every 
 dollar returned as being cleared represents that 
 amount of actual business. 
 
 In spite of this strictly conservative policy, 
 the bank clearings of New St. Louis have 
 steadily increased. They averaged consideralSly 
 less than 1(50, 000, OOO a month when the change 
 from the old to the new took place. In 188() 
 they averaged a little less than $70,000,000 a 
 month, from which year they gradually increased 
 until the year 18'.)2, when they averaged a trifle 
 over $100, OOO, 000 per month. The year 1893 
 opened u]) most auspiciously in the matter of 
 banking business. December, 18112, had broken 
 the record in the bank clearings, with a gain of 
 §7,000,000 over the preceding year; the re- 
 turns for the first month of the new year were 
 $1(;,000,000 larger than the preceding January, 
 and the returns for the first, quarter were very 
 largely in excess of the corresponding period of 
 any preceding year, being more than forty-five 
 per cent greater than 188(5. 
 
 The table on page !K-i shows the bank clear- 
 ings for the current \-ear, and for the se\en pre- 
 ceding years. 
 
FINANCE AND BANKING. 
 BANK CLEARANCES. 
 
 93 
 
 fanuary $ 65,215,966 # 71,441,522 
 
 February 56,865,185 64,016,573 
 
 March 62,407,170 75,820,934 
 
 \pril I 63,523,300 73,77 
 
 Vlay ! 70,800, 
 
 uue ' 62,760, 
 
 'uly ; 74,369,918 74,-J-jr.in;'.i 
 
 \ugust ; 70,449,4)1' 77, (HIT, i:;:; 
 
 September i 71,543,6i"i 7 1,.".:;7,1M)7 
 
 Dctober ' 69,822,! (;.■"! 7 l.s.'i.'i.djii 
 
 STovember , .. 68,376,951, 72,7.J7,i;i)tJ 
 
 December ..:. ■74,660,537 80,500,9(n 
 
 73,489, 
 73,682, 
 75,1S6, 
 
 84,199 
 72,500 
 
 f810,7 
 
 A most pfratifying event of the last four or five 
 (^ears is the increased standing of vSt. Ivouis as 
 I money center. The stability of rates in .St. 
 [vouis has attracted general attention. Manu- 
 'acturing establishments in search of locations 
 lave been largely indnced to locate here because 
 )f the certainty of obtaining accommodations 
 s'hen required. More than that, the city's loan- 
 ng business has extended over a much larger 
 territory. Boston has for years advanced money 
 or enterprises throughout the entirecountry , and 
 5t. Louis recognizes with gratitude the assistance 
 he great New England town has rendered many 
 )f its valuable enterprises. Now St. Louis is in 
 he habit of accommodating not only western 
 md southwestern cities, but also many of the 
 arge ea.stern cities to which we used to look in 
 /ears gone by. During the year lfS!i2 this busi- 
 icss gained ven,' rapidly. During the prepara- 
 ions for the World's Fair a very large amount of 
 nouey was taken out of St. Louis for the pur- 
 pose, and more recently loans of large amounts 
 lave gone to Denver, Kan.sas City, Dallas, Gal- 
 veston and other western and southern centers. 
 
 As a very powerful lever in raising New St. 
 L,ouis to its present position .socially, commcr- 
 :ia]ly and financially, the building and loan 
 is.sociations deserve special notice. Philadel- 
 phia used to claim a monopoly of the distinction 
 )f being a city of homes. New St. Louis com- 
 petes with it for a right to llic name, and it 
 s probable that the percentage of inhabitants 
 )wning their own homes is now fully as large 
 
 94,715,140 5 97 
 
 83,143,841 1 82 
 
 87,2311,7901 89 
 
 9:!,.ir..-,,n:;(;' 89 
 
 iiii),:i-j:,,«;iL' 90, 
 
 iii>, ■-'.-.(>, f,:;!; 87, 
 
 :•:;, 910,90:; 9.5, 
 
 ,620,745 
 ,018,043 
 ,648,649 
 .499,582 
 605,844 
 120,315 
 688,688 
 504,202 
 411,603 
 433,739 
 808,462 
 239,721 
 
 118,573,21051,139,599,57 
 
 88,342,008 
 
 97 
 
 93,532,926 
 
 97 
 
 99,714,641 
 
 104 
 
 94,534,031 
 
 97 
 
 97,781,118 
 
 110 
 
 $ 98.855,240 
 97,370,011 
 99,186,662 
 103,381,629 
 94,098.041 
 99,575,49,S 
 100,027,298 
 105,289,1.30 
 101,702,686 
 106,999,568 
 108,090,990 
 117,6612,598 
 
 11,231,571,963 
 
 114,721,817 
 93,519,692 
 108.371,973 
 107,761.079 
 109, 1.51, L'9i; 
 95,321,-.':il 
 82,n9(1.4Hl 
 68.7)4,079 
 7.5,437, 70r. 
 86,439.6.52 
 96,174,462 
 
 in the metropolis of the West and Southwest as 
 in the City of Brotherly Love. It was the build- 
 ing associations that helped thousands of Phila- 
 delphians to become home-owners, and it is the 
 same agency that has reduced the ranks of the 
 renters and increased the number of owners in 
 this favored city. It is unnecessary to devote 
 space to the origin of building associations in 
 St. Louis. Some that were established during 
 the last years of Old St. Louis have recently ac- 
 complished their pur])ose, furnished a home to 
 each member who persevered in his effort to ob- 
 tain one, and more than kept faith with their 
 original members. It was not, however, until 
 New St. Louis had been thoroughly established, 
 and the new order of things had become gener- 
 ally accepted, that the number of building asso- 
 ciations became large enough to exert any very 
 important innncnce upon the growth and devel- 
 opment of the city. During the years 1H8(), 
 l'S«7 and 18«S,as.sociations were started in large 
 numbers, and a great majority of them have done 
 magnificent work, both for their members and 
 for the city. Some of the more recent ones 
 formed have fallen into the error of promising 
 rather more than they can po.ssibly fulfill, but 
 they ha\e, by the reduction of their charges, 
 made home-buying exceedingly easy, and to 
 their influence may be attributed the trausfor- 
 uiatic^n of se\-eral districts within the city, limits 
 and out in the country to settlements of com- 
 fortable homes and substantial, if not costly, 
 houses. 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 CHAPTBR IX. 
 
 BUILDING IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED MILES OF STREET FRONTAGE BUILT UPON IN THREE YEARS.-HISTORY OF 
 
 THE FIRE-PROOF OFFICE-BUILDING ERA— INVESTMENTS IN IMPROVEMENTS 
 
 AND THEIR INFLUENCE UPON VALUES. 
 
 INDENTION HAS already been made of 
 the influence of rapid transit and of 
 building associations in increasing 
 the area of the residence sections of 
 St. Louis, and although it is proba- 
 ble that the street railroads are en- 
 titled to the bulk of the credit, it is certain that 
 the expansion of the city's financial institutions 
 and the general work of the building associa- 
 tions have given to the building industry an im- 
 petus during the last five or six years which has 
 been much too general and far-reaching in its 
 character and operation to be described as a 
 "boom." The year 18Jt2 was the banner year of 
 St. Louis' building, for during it the enormous 
 Slim of $20,000,000 was expended on buildings 
 actually completed, to say nothing of those in 
 course of construction on January 1, 1893. The 
 total number of building permits issued during 
 the year was 5,497, and as evidence of the char- 
 acter of the improvements it may be mentioned 
 that only twenty per cent of the permits were 
 for frame buildings. The nominal value of the 
 improvements, as shown by the building com- 
 missioner's book, was about $17,000,000, but 
 this is no criterion of actual value because of the 
 invariable undervaluation. In St. Louis the cost 
 of a permit to build is calculated upon a percent- 
 age of the alleged value of the proposed building, 
 and the habit of underestimating is a natural 
 result of this rather inconsistent rule. It is 
 probable that the sale-price of the buildings 
 authorized to be erected during 1892 was 
 
 S2.'), 000, 000, so that the estimate of $20,000,(10(1 
 actually expended on completed stnictures i-s 
 quite a reasonable one. The lot frontage covered 
 by new buildings in 1892 was 201,440 feet, 
 equivalent to a single row of buildings thirty- 
 niue miles long. This means that thirty-nine 
 miles of street frontage was actually built upon, 
 and the effect of the change on the aspect of the 
 city can easily be appreciated even by those whc 
 have not been fortunate enough to go over th« 
 ground for themselves. The lot frontage coverec 
 in 1891 was thirty miles, and that of 1890 was 
 nearly as great, so that during the three season; 
 the mileage of built-up streets in St. Louis was 
 increased nearly 100 miles, an achievement o 
 which the city is naturally proud and which il 
 will be hard for any other city to duplicate. 
 
 To grasp the real import of these astound- 
 ing totals, it should be remembered that th( 
 aggregate value of the buildings authorized tc 
 be erected in 1878 was $2,432,5(i8, and even ir 
 1882 the total was only $6, 163,. 545. Aftei 
 this the influence of improved streets, rapic 
 transit, building associations, and New St. Loui; 
 ideas generally began to be more apparent, anc 
 in 1889 the aggregate values mentioned in tht 
 building permits ran into eight figures. Since 
 that time the increase has been- very rapid, thf 
 total being nearly $14,000,000 in 1891, nearh 
 $17,000,000 in 1892, and close upon $9,000,00( 
 for the first six months of 1893. The value; 
 given as rough — and it maybe added parenthet- 
 ically, carefully uudercalculated — estimates bj 
 
BUILDING IMPRO VEMENTS. 
 
 95 
 
 lie projectors of new bnildincrs on applyint^ for 
 sennits during the actual life of New St. Louis 
 ;xceed in the aggregate $120,000,000, and it is 
 )elieved by competent valuers that the buildings 
 irected under these permits have cost at least 
 !2U0,000,000. Little wonder, under these cir- 
 :umstaiices, that the appearance of New St. Louis 
 if 1893 is entirely different from that of Old 
 5t. Louis in 1883. 
 
 Many old buildings of 
 considerable value have 
 been removed to make 
 
 RAPID INCREASE 
 IN VALUE OF 
 
 TAXABLE PROPERTY. ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ 
 
 lence the increase in the assessed valuation is 
 lot quite so large. But since 1878 the total has 
 bout doubled. The 1894 valuation will cer- 
 ainly exceed $300,000,000, as compared with 
 i245",000,000 in 1890, and $1(55,000,000 in 1880. 
 riie city comptroller estimated the value of the 
 ity's real estate in 1890 at $141,000,000 more 
 ban the assessed valuation, and the estimate 
 I'as a conservative one. Upon this basis the 
 alue of the real estate in the city is now nearly, 
 f not quite, 1400,000,000, while it is doubtful if 
 hat sum would purchase nearly all the realty in 
 )t. Louis. These figures are too large to be easily 
 Tasjjed, but they show as no argument could 
 demonstrate, how stupendous has been the city's 
 luilding growth since its second birth. 
 
 Reverting to the character of buildings, it 
 nay be mentioned that the number of new 
 tructures erected in 1890, 1891 and 1892 was 
 bout 14,500, of which only 4,000 were frame, 
 rhe percentage of frame houses to brick has 
 leen gradually decreasing. In the eighties 
 bout one-third of the new buildings were con- 
 tructed of lumber, as compared with little more 
 ban a fifth at the present time. 
 
 The immense number of buildings constructed 
 ince the census was taken is of special interest 
 ,s bearing upon the question of population, and 
 iistifies the claim made by directory publishers 
 nd canvassers, that the number of inhabitants 
 las increased much more rapidly during the last 
 hree years than during any corresponding 
 )eriod of time in the history of St. Louis. Be- 
 ides the activity in the erection of new build- 
 
 ings, great enterprise has been shown in the 
 improvement and enlarging of existing struct- 
 ures. The real estate sales for the year 1892 
 reached, as shown in the records, a total of 
 $62,000,000, or a great deal more than 
 $1,000,000 a week. Upwards of 40,000 deeds 
 were filed at the office of the recorder of deeds 
 during the year, and nearly 8,000 deeds of trust 
 were released. During the same year 120,000 
 feet of land was subdivided, but the subdivision 
 did not keep pace with the building, and as a 
 result there were seven miles less of unbuilt-up 
 streets at the end of the year than at the com- 
 mencement. Acre property within the cit>- 
 liniits is getting very scarce, and the demand 
 for residence property has grown so rapidly that 
 values do not compare at all with those of a few 
 years ago. The extreme western district is now 
 very largely built up, and the price at which 
 lots are held is restricting improvements to those 
 of a very costly character. In the extreme 
 northwest, the extension of the Benton-Bellefon- 
 taine road and its equipment of electricity, to- 
 gether with the construction of the Belt Railroad 
 has caused an awakening, and the sales in this 
 section have been very large in consequence. A 
 number of New St. Louis men have made their 
 homes in the extreme south of the city, where 
 building has been carried on with great activity 
 and where the vacant lots are becoming more 
 and more scarce. 
 
 Another characteristic of the new buildings, 
 in addition to the more general use of brick and 
 stone, is the improved architectural excellence 
 and the increased value generally. In the resi- 
 dence portions of the city, which were more 
 especially referred to in the opening remarks 
 of this chapter, the change is remarkable. 
 About eighteen months ago a large delegation 
 from the National Press Association was enter- 
 tained in St. Louis, and the visitors were driven 
 over the city in carriages placed at their dis- 
 posal. They were not asked their opinions as 
 to the city, but voluntarily expressed them; and 
 the sentiment was unanimous that in no part of 
 the world were so large a luiiulier of architect- 
 ural styles represented as in St. Louis. Coming 
 
96 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 BIRTH OF THE 
 LOFTY OFFICE-BUILDING ERA. 
 
 from men and women who liave traveled from 
 Maine to California, and many of them from 
 New York to London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna 
 and Florence, an expression of opinion of this 
 kind naturally has weight; and when one of the 
 most inveterate Bohemians in the crowd said 
 that there was more home-pride in St. Louis 
 than in any other city he had visited, the senti- 
 ment was warmly applauded by his companions 
 and appreciated by his hearers. The greatest 
 ambition of a successful St. Louis manufacturer, 
 merchant or professional man seems to be to 
 build for himself a palatial home and to sur- 
 round it with all the luxury and beauty which 
 money can procure. 
 
 "Ground costs 
 money and air 
 does not," re- 
 marked Jay Gould on one occasion when dis- 
 cussing the number of stories of which buildings 
 should be composed. Old St. Louis did not 
 appreciate the importance of this fact, and the 
 buildings in the city were seldom more than six 
 stories high, and very frequently only four or 
 five. New St. Louis, on the other hand, has 
 made high buildings a specialty, and although 
 sky-scrapers twenty stories high have not found 
 favor here, the most popular office-buildings are 
 those which vary in height from ten to fourteen 
 stories. Both types of St. Louis are still repre- 
 sented in its commercial and professional build- 
 ings. In the extreme eastern section of the 
 business quarter, where at one time all the im- 
 portant transactions of the " Future Great" were 
 planned and carried out, there are still to be 
 found a number of substantial buildings four or 
 six stories high with few, if any, modern con- 
 veniences, with slow elevator service and with 
 a minimum of light. Many of these buildings 
 are still in good order, and hence the old-style 
 office-building dies hard, although the competi- 
 tion of the new t}-pe of building is felt very 
 keenly. 
 
 Ten years ago this old-style office-building 
 was regarded as the correct thing, although in 
 other cities the theory which Jay Gould subse- 
 quently expressed so concisely had been ap- 
 
 preciated and the air was being encroached upoi 
 with considerable rapidity. Now, however 
 New St. Louis is represented by more that 
 twenty office-buildings of absolutely the firs 
 class, and these are not surpassed in any othe: 
 city, although, as already mentioned, extreme: 
 of height such as are found in Chicago or New 
 York have not been attempted here. In addi 
 tion to the score of buildings specially deserving 
 mention as types of the New St. Louis idea 
 there are others of recent construction almost a; 
 magnificent and embracing every improvemeu 
 calculated to increase the capacity of the struct- 
 ures and the convenience of the tenants. Ai 
 excellent municipal ordinance forbids the erec- 
 tion of a building in St. Louis more than 10< 
 feet in height unless its interior construction is 
 absolutely fire-proof. Hence the new office-build 
 ings are in no sense of the word fire-traps, bui 
 are rather to be looked upon as safer than th( 
 small buildings they have superseded, whici 
 had but indifferent means of egress in case o 
 fire, and whose material was more or less com- 
 bustible — and generally more. 
 
 The era of the fire-proof office-building ii 
 St. Louis dates back to about the year 1«85 
 when the Equitable Building on Sixth and Lo 
 cust streets was enlarged and heightened. This 
 fine structure was originally six stories high. I' 
 was the pioneer of modern office-buildings ir 
 St. Louis, and was regarded by every one wlu 
 saw it as a distinct advance on anything yet at- 
 tempted in the Mississippi Valley. Being abso- 
 lutely fire-proof and exceptionally well arranged 
 there was quite a run on its offices, and insteac 
 of tenants being sought, the only difficulty the 
 management had to contend with was filling the 
 demands of applicants. It was decided to have 
 the foundation and walls carefully examined and 
 to increase the height from six to ten stories ii 
 the plan were endorsed by competent engineers. 
 The examination pro\-ed that the structure was 
 strong enough to bear the weight of six addi- 
 tional stories easily, but the original plan was 
 carried out, and the Equitable Building raised its 
 head ten stories high, a monunieut to the enter- 
 prise of its owners and to the determination of 
 
BUILDING IMPRO VEMENTS. 
 
 ew St. Louis to ha\e the best of everything 
 lat science had perfected. To-day the Equi- 
 ble Buikling does not rank among the very 
 ighest St. Louis buildings, but in l-S.S.") and 188(; 
 was looked upon with as much admiration as 
 le Union Trust Building is now. 
 The Laclede Building is generally regarded 
 1 the pioneer of the lofty fire-proof buildings of 
 t. Louis. There were a great many projects 
 )out the year 1885 looking to the erection of 
 lildings of this character, but the first scheme 
 magnitude involved the erection of a ten-story 
 lilding, to be known as the LTnion Building, 
 1 the southwest corner of Olive and Fourth 
 reets. lu the winter of 1885 and 1886 the old 
 iprovements of this corner were torn down, 
 id it was announced that a large body of Chi- 
 igo capitalists were behind the scheme, and 
 ere about to erect a building of gigantic pro- 
 )rtions. Fairy tales concerning the proportions 
 id decorations of the new building abounded, 
 it local suspicion was aroused when the exca- 
 itions were left untouched week after week, 
 id the final announcement that the wealth of 
 e capitalists had not materialized, caused 
 ore regret than surprise. The unrealized hope 
 as not only an eye-sore, but also a source of 
 :licule, and a number of St. Louis capitalists, 
 ho did not boast of fabulous wealth but who 
 id a reputation for completing every project 
 ith which they connected themselves, took 
 )ld of the enterprise and erected the Laclede 
 iiilding. The Laclede Building is not the pal- 
 :e covered by the plans of the Union Building, 
 it is a first-class office structure, fire-proof 
 roughout, and constructed of Missouri granite, 
 3n and brick. The hall walls are of polished 
 jrdillo marble and plate glass, and the halls 
 id ceilings are of marble. The building was 
 atched with great interest while in course of 
 instruction, and when it was finished its ele- 
 itor capacity, arrangements for ventilation and 
 r the transaction of business, as well as the 
 impleteness of its furnishings, not only excited 
 le admiration of St. Louis people generally, but 
 icouraged the perfecting of projects for a 
 amber of similar and even superior buildings. 
 
 EARLY ^VORK ON ^' ^^^^.°"^ ']'^ 
 
 same time the 
 FIRE-PROOF STRUCTURES. „ . , ^, ., , 
 
 Lonimercial Build- 
 ing was designed. In the early days of New 
 St. Louis the southeast corner of Sixth and 
 Olive streets was encumbered by improvements 
 of a very inferior character, many years behind 
 the times. A s\ndicate was formed and a lease 
 negotiated for ninety-nine years, at $20,000 a 
 year, with a clause that a building to cost not 
 less than $200,000 should be erected on the site 
 within the space of three years. As a result of 
 this undertaking, the Commercial Building was 
 designed and completed, the cost of construc- 
 tion being about three times the minimum stated 
 in the lease. 
 
 The Commercial Building has since been out- 
 classed in height, but it is still looked upon 
 as one of the most substantial and convenient 
 office-buildings in the West. Missouri granite 
 and St. Louis pressed brick, two of the best 
 building materials to be found in the world, 
 were used in the exterior construction, with the 
 columns, pilasters and lintels of iron. The 
 building is absolutely fire-proof, and has li<2 
 office-rooms. Georgia marble was used largely 
 in the corridors and wainscoting, and a perfect 
 system of elevators, four in number, was put in. 
 Like the Equitable and Laclede, the Commer- 
 cial Building was in its early days ^•isited by 
 hundreds of spectators, and e\'eii now our best 
 ofiice-buildings are regarded as an attraction by 
 sojourners in other cities. 
 
 It is not suggested that the three buildings 
 first mentioned were actually the tliree first to be 
 completed and occupied, the order being rather 
 that of the negotiations which resulted in the 
 inauguration of a rule which has changed the 
 aspect of down-town St. Louis and attracted 
 the admiration of all. Olive street, in the neigh- 
 borhood of the Federal Building, was largely 
 reconstructed during the days of the fire-proof 
 office-building awakening. Work was com- 
 menced on the Odd Fellows' Building, at the 
 corner of Ninth and Olive streets, very early in 
 the revival. The building is almost faultless in 
 its construction, and the summit of its tower 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 is 23fi feet liigh. Missouri granite, both rock- 
 faced and polished, was used in the construction 
 of the first story, and the seven stories above 
 are of St. Louis pressed brick. Iron and steel 
 pillars and girders were freely used, and the en- 
 tire work is exceptionally massive and last- 
 ing. The foundations are so strong that they 
 would probably hold a building nearly twice as 
 high as the one now upon them. The corridors 
 are tiled with white marble, and the wainscot- 
 ing is of the best Georgia gray and white mar- 
 ble. The building, which cost over $600,000, 
 was completed in the spring of 1889. A por- 
 tion of it is occupied by the Odd Fellows' halls, 
 offices and library, but the offices available for 
 the public are occupied by professional and 
 business men, and are replete with everj' con- 
 venience. 
 
 Adjoining the Odd Fellows' Building, and 
 erected almost simultaneously with it is the 
 Fagin Building, unique in its features and a 
 structure which has been both praised and criti- 
 cised by experts. It is unlike any other office- 
 building in the city, and the front is constructed 
 almost entirely of granite and glass. It is ten 
 stories high, and the available space in the in- 
 terior is 1,052,000 square feet. The building, 
 despite some early criticisms, is strong and at- 
 tractive. Its plan involves an abundance of 
 light, and, although its entrance is not as at- 
 tractive and handsome as a building of such 
 altitude and cost would seem to demand, it is a 
 grand building and has undoubtedly had its in- 
 fluence in a most important direction on the 
 office-building work of St. Louis. 
 
 On Eighth street, also opposite the Federal 
 Building and almost at the corner of Olive, is 
 the Turner Building, which, it is claimed, was 
 the first building erected in St. Louis fire-proof 
 in every part. It is less lofty than some of its 
 neighbors, but is a very handsome, substantial 
 structure, with every possible convenience for 
 its tenants. 
 
 The American Central Building, on Broadway 
 and Locust street, was reconstructed during the 
 same period, and the Bank of Commerce Building 
 and a large number of factories and what may 
 
 TtiE 
 HIGHEST OF THEM ALL. 
 
 be termed individual business establishments 
 were also erected. The year l«8y found the 
 office-building question practically settled and 
 down-town St. Louis equipped with structures 
 and offices handsome enough to do credit to any 
 city and apparently numerous enough to meet 
 every demand. It was even suggested that the 
 work had been overdone and that there would 
 be a difficulty in renting the offices in the new 
 buildings. Looked at from the standpoint of 
 St. Louis in 1893 the forecast appears ludi- 
 crous, for during the last three or four years tlie 
 activity of the fire-proof-lofty-structure-builder 
 has more than redoubled, and on every side 
 there are to be seen grand edifices not then so 
 much as contemplated. 
 
 The highest of these 
 most recent office-build- 
 ings is the Union Trust 
 Building, at the corner of Seventh and Olive 
 streets. This building, which is now practically 
 completed, is fourteen stories high, or, if the 
 plan of counting basement and attic, common 
 in some cities, is adopted, there are really six- 
 teen stories. The building occupied about a 
 year and a half in construction, including the 
 time devoted to tearing down the old improve- 
 ments and in digging out the foundations. Mucli 
 longer time would have been required but foi 
 the adoption of what is known as the steel skele- 
 ton system of construction. Without this aid tc 
 building, the walls and doors in the lower stories 
 would have had to be exceptionally thick anc 
 massive to hold the weight, but the plan adoptee 
 obviated this difficulty and added immensely tc 
 the floor-space of the building. Pillars of rollec 
 steel and iron are extended from the foundation 
 to the roof, and these are all sufficiently strong, 
 not only to hold the enormous weight resting 
 upon them, but also to stand the strain of higl: 
 winds and tempestuous weather. The floor- 
 licams and girders are also of rolled steel rivetec 
 to the uprights, and the whole building is thus 
 one united mass, the strain being divided ovei 
 an immense area. The precautions taken ir 
 the design to secure rigidity have proven en- 
 tirely successful, and the building is now as 
 
BUILDIXG IMPRO VEMENTS. 
 
 99 
 
 solid and substantial as though it stood l)ut two 
 stories high. 
 
 The building is fire-proof in fact as well as in 
 name. Hollow fire clay tile was used largely in 
 the construction, and the stair-cases and even 
 the elevator guide-posts are of incombustible 
 material, so that in tlie event of fire nothing but 
 desks, chairs, window-frames and doors would 
 burn. The building has a frontage of 12b feet on 
 Olive street and 84 feet on Seventh street, with 
 the advantage of a wide alley, which practically 
 gives it three fronts. The internal court, front- 
 ing southward on Olive street, adds to the front- 
 age so much that, although there are 300 offices 
 in the building, the windows of each one opens 
 direct into the air, if not sunlight. Two hun- 
 dred and fort}- offices face the streets, and these 
 are being rapidly occupied by tenants. The 
 external construction is of buff terra cotta for 
 the two lowest stories, buff brick to the thir- 
 teenth and terra cotta at the summit. The ap- 
 pearance is unique and somewhat peculiar, and 
 the material used is of a character to withstand 
 the attacks of smoke and dust and retain its 
 color almost indefinite]}-. Two thousand tons 
 of iron have been used in the construction, and 
 there are more than seven miles of steam, water 
 and escape pipes in the building. Three miles 
 of electric wire were also used in the equip- 
 ments, and about 25,000 square feet of marble 
 and mosaic were required. The halls and cor- 
 ridors are richly decorated with marble, and the 
 windows are of polished plate glass. The ele- 
 vator service is exceptionally good, and in ever}' 
 office there is a hot and cold water supply sen,-- 
 ice. A million dollars has been mentioned as 
 the probable price of this lofty and remarkable 
 structure, but, although a detailed statement 
 has not been published, there can be no doubt 
 that the outlay has been very' largely in excess 
 of the sum named. 
 
 The Security Building, 
 on the southwest corner of 
 Fourth and Locust streets, 
 while not so lofty as the 
 Union Trust, is probably the most magnificent 
 fire-proof structure in the \\'LSt. It is Hen 
 
 SECURITY BVILDINO 
 
 AND 
 
 NOONDAY CLUB. 
 
 stories high,* and its roof !.")(; feet inches 
 above the sidewalk. In its construction only 
 the most costly materials were used, and the 
 building cost considerably in excess of $1,000,- 
 000. The internal decorations are on a par 
 with the magnificent outside work, and the 
 building has a substantial, valuable appearance 
 which excites comment from every visitor. The 
 entrance to the elevators, from a most attractive 
 and unusually convenient rotunda, is artistic in 
 the extreme; and the mosaic floors are aesthetic 
 enough for an art museum or a picture gallery. 
 The offices are replete with every possible con- 
 venience, and are as elegant as money could 
 possibly make them. The tenth floor is occu- 
 pied entirely by the reception and dining-rooms 
 of the Noonday Club, one of the latest additions 
 to the commercial clubs of St. Louis. It was 
 established in 1893, with 300 members, consist- 
 ing of presidents and leading members of some 
 of the largest and most wealthy firms of the 
 city. 
 
 The Security Building fronts on Locust street, 
 with two wings extending south, one on the east, 
 and one on the west side. The club rooms 
 are thus divided into three divisions. The 
 central portion contains the restaurant, which 
 on special occasions is converted into a banquet- 
 ing hall. This room is finished in light colors, 
 verging to a very pale brown and cream white. 
 The west wing contains a regular lunch-room, 
 with the kitchens overhead, in what may be 
 described as the attic addition to the building. 
 The lunch-room is finished in harmonious colors, 
 and has windows on three sides. The billiard 
 hall is equally well provided with light. The 
 floors have been varnished into a glossy cherrv' 
 color, and the walls are painted a deep wine- 
 red, the ceiling being pale green. The appoint- 
 ments of the chili, generally, are thoroughly 
 in keeping with the design of the organization, 
 and with the general elegance and excellence of 
 the building in which it is situated. 
 
 *Only complete and full-sized floors are counted. The 
 Securitj- Building has also a basement and an attic, and 
 hence might be spoken of as a twelve-story building. It 
 is always the rule in St. l,ouis to understate, rather than 
 exaggerate. 
 
ido 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 TWENTY.SIX BUILDINQS , Mention has already 
 
 been made of the three 
 
 COSTING MORE . ,, .^ 
 
 exceptionally magnili- 
 
 THAN $500,000 EACH. / <. ' ^ ( 
 
 cent new structnres or 
 
 St. Lonis — the Union Depot, the City Hall and 
 the New Planters' Honse. In this chapter a 
 few representative bnildings of the New St. 
 Lonis type have been selected. It has not been 
 attempted to refer to every large building con- 
 structed during the last five or six years, because 
 even a brief description of these would occupy 
 the space allotted to several chapters. Only 
 those who have given the question careful atten- 
 tion realize the stupendous nature of the work the 
 local builder and contractor has done. It is im- 
 portant to bear in mind that early in the present 
 year there were actually in course of construc- 
 tion more than twenty-six buildings, each aver- 
 aging in cost more than $.")()0,()00. These 
 included an immense number of new factories 
 to take the place, in some instances, of build- 
 ings which had ceased to be available for the 
 purposes desired, and also to provide accommo- 
 dation for increased business and new firms. 
 Prior to this date there had been erected, in ad- 
 dition to those already mentioned, such magnifi- 
 cent structures as the Bell Telephone Building, 
 in which the Builders' Exchange has its head- 
 quarters; the new Globe-Democrat Building, 
 and the Roe, Houser and Oriel buildings. The 
 twent}-six buildings referred to as being either 
 in course of construction or having contracts 
 completed at the commencement of LS1I3 were 
 as follows, the prices given being those named 
 in the building permits, which, it will be seen, 
 aggregate about $14,000,000: 
 
 New Planters' House, twelve stories. Fourth 
 street, between Pine and Chestnut streets, 
 $1,000,000; the Colonnade, ten stories, com- 
 prising a hotel, theatre and arcade, an office- 
 building and a Turkish bath establishment, to 
 occupy a half block on Ninth street, between 
 Olive and Locust streets, $1,100,000; a hotel, 
 not yet named, ten stories, on Ninth street, cor- 
 ner of Pine street, $500,000; Imperial Hotel, 
 ten stories, corner of Market and Eighteenth 
 Streets, $1,200,000; City Hall, in old Wash- 
 
 ington Park, fronting on Market, between 
 Twelfth and Thirteenth streets, $i>,()()0,000; new 
 Union Depot, IMarket street, south side, between 
 Eighteenth and Twentieth streets, $1,000,000;* 
 Hanimett-Anderson-Wade's Columbia Building, 
 southeast corner of Eighth and Locust streets, 
 $300,000; Mills & Averill's building, on Chest- 
 nut street, twelve stories, $600,000; Patterson 
 Building, southeast corner of Olive and Twelfth 
 streets, ten stories, $2.50,000; Fair Building, 
 southwest corner of Seventh and Franklin ave- 
 nue, $1.')0,0()0; Nelson Building, south side of 
 St. Charles, east of Twelfth, eight stories, 
 $100,000; Hoyle Building, southwest corner of 
 Third and Locust streets, $7.3,000; McCormack 
 Building, north side of Chestnut, between 
 Eighth and Ninth streets, $75,000; Interstate 
 Investment Co. 's Building, southea.st corner of 
 Ninth and Washington avenue, $100,000; Ben- 
 oist Building, southeast corner of Eleventh and 
 Olive streets, $75,000; F. A. Drew Building, 
 southeast corner of Twelfth and St. Charles 
 streets, $125,000; Culver Building, southeast 
 corner of Twelfth and Locust streets, $!tO,000; 
 new Board of Education Building, northwest 
 corner of Locust and Ninth streets, $400,000; 
 Rialto Building, ten stories, southeast corner of 
 Fourth and Olive streets, $500,000; Security 
 Building, ten stories. Fourth and Locust streets, 
 $1,500,000; Wainwright Building, nine stories, 
 northwest corner of Seventh and Chestnut 
 streets, $1)00,000; Union Trust Company Build- 
 ing, fourteen stories, northwest corner of Se\-- 
 enth and Olive streets, $1,000,000; Puritan 
 Building, north side of Locust, between Sev- 
 enth and Eighth streets, nine stories, $150,000; 
 ]\Ieyer Building, southeast corner of Washing- 
 ton avenue and Eighth street, $100,000; new 
 Mercantile Club Building, southeast corner of 
 Locust and Seventh streets, $500,000; Famous 
 Building, west side of Broadway, between 
 Franklin avenue and Morgan street, $400,000. 
 
 *A comparison of the permit price of tliis structure 
 with the actual expemliture, as outliued on paj;e 67, shows 
 better than any argument iu words how inadequately the 
 building permit returns set forth the actual building ex- 
 penditure. 
 
Bl 7LD/XG IMPKO VEMENTS. 
 
 101 
 
 The Mercantile Library 
 LIBRARY AND j. ■, ,■ i . i . 
 
 Buildiiiu:\vas comi^leted too 
 SCHOOL BUILDING. ^ , . , , , • , , • 
 
 soon to be included in this 
 
 list. It is a fire-proof structure, on the corner 
 of Broadway and Locust street, with the uiJiJer 
 floors devoted to the library. Its reading-room 
 is one of the largest and best equipped in the 
 country, and it is a great advance on the old 
 structure which made the library famous in for- 
 mer years. The Public Library Building, or, 
 more correctly speaking, the Board of Education 
 Building, four blocks west of this, is another 
 lofty and valuable building, as different from 
 the old Polytechnic, in which the Public School 
 Library was situated, as New St. Louis dif- 
 fers from Old. Among the strictly 18;t3 build- 
 ings not already described, but which must be 
 mentioned as remarkable evidences of the build- 
 ing activity of New St. Louis, is the new High 
 School on Grand avenue. This building has a 
 front facade 300 feet in length and 147 feet 
 deep. Brick, ornamented with red sandstone, 
 forms the outer walls, the front and two towers 
 being faced with stone up to the second floor. 
 There is an interior court 45x130 feet for light 
 and ventilation, and the building contains, in 
 addition to an immense number of class and 
 .study-rooms, an assembly-room about eighty 
 feet square. Another is the new Mercantile 
 Club Building, to which reference has already 
 been made. This building has been erected on 
 the site of the old club house and of Mr. Henry 
 Shaw's mansion, at the corner of Seventh and 
 Locust streets. It has a frontage of 127 feet on 
 Locust street, and 90 feet on Seventh street. 
 It is six stories high, and is constructed of Lake 
 Superior red sandstone, resting on a granite 
 base. The upper floors are of red brick, with 
 sandstone trimmings. The design includes lofty 
 balconies, and a gabled Spanish roof, giving the 
 building a unique effect, very pleasing to the 
 eye, as compared with the flat roof so universal 
 in the modern lofty structures. 
 
 A block west of this club, the St. Nicholas 
 Hotel is ill course of construction and will soon 
 be ready for occupation. This is another build- 
 ing in which the style of architecture differs 
 
 materially from that in general use, and its 
 appearance is sufficiently handsome and even 
 antique to give quite a name and reputation 
 to both Locust and Eighth streets. The esti- 
 mated cost of the building is about $300,000. 
 It is eight stories high with a balcony and a 
 slanting red tiled roof with curved brick gables. 
 These gables are already a source of admiration 
 and by the time the finishing strokes ha\-e been 
 put to the work the building will certainly be 
 an ornament to the city. Among the peculiari- 
 ties of the internal structure may be mentioned 
 the ball-room, which is to occupy the upper- 
 most floor. This will be one of the most gor- 
 geous ball-rooms in the country, and is likely to 
 be used very largely for entertainments of a 
 public and semi-private character. 
 
 No reference to the buildings of 1893 can be 
 complete without something more than a pass- 
 ing mention of the Rialto Building on the south- 
 east corner of Fourth and Olive streets, a 
 thoroughfare which in years gone by was the 
 center of commerce of the city, but which in 
 the early days of New St. Louis was rather out- 
 classed by streets slightly more western. The 
 new hotel, the Security and Laclede buildings 
 and the Rialto are only four evidences of the 
 determination of property owners to restore the 
 street to its former commercial precedence and 
 grandeur. The Rialto Building is ten stories 
 high and is constructed of steel andiron encased 
 ill massive blocks of granite and red sandstone. 
 It fronts ninety feet on Fourth street and rather 
 less on Olive street, and its cost was consid- 
 erably in excess of .$500,000. The external 
 appearance is rendered attractive by the archi- 
 tectural device to increase the light and capacity 
 of the offices, and the internal arrangements are 
 complete in the extreme, the elevator plan being 
 remarkable for its simplicity and good service. 
 Adjoining, and in the shadow of this building, is 
 the Bank of the Republic .structure. This bank 
 was established on Ninth and Olive streets, 
 where it has built up a large and lucrative con- 
 nection. It has, however, decided to move on 
 Fourth street, and has erected a building one 
 story high and remarkably attractive in its ap- 
 
102 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 IN THE 
 
 WHOLESALE SECTION 
 
 OF THE CITY. 
 
 pearance. The front is of Italian marble ex- 
 qnisitely carved in draped figures, and the entire 
 roof is of heavy glass. Instead of erecting 
 a high building and renting the upper offices, 
 the bank preferred the more costly plan of a 
 one-story building devoted entirely to its own 
 use. The structure is thirty-five feet high, and 
 each foot cost about $1,000 to construct. 
 
 Among the buildings 
 costing upwards of 
 $500,000 and erected in 
 1893, was the Martin 
 Building, on Tenth street, between Washington 
 and Christy avenues. This is right in the 
 center of what may be termed the wholesale 
 district of St. L,ouis, and the building is designed 
 exclusively for wholesale purposes. It occupies 
 a space of 70x205 feet, and is eight stories high. 
 The two first stories are in blue Bedford stone, 
 the remainder being in light colored Roman 
 brick with terra cotta trimmings. There is a 
 court in the center entered through an arched 
 gateway on Tenth street. The Collier Block is 
 on Washington avenue, Fourth, and St. Charles 
 streets, and when completed will occupy an en- 
 tire half block, with side frontages of 150 feet on 
 both Washington avenue and St. Charles street. 
 The main floors are of iron columns filled in with 
 plate glass, and the upper floors are of dark gray 
 brick with terra cotta trimmings, surmounted 
 above the sixth floor by a Florentine cornice. 
 
 The Columbian Club House and the new 
 Good Shepherd Convent, although not strictly 
 commercial structures, were in course of erec- 
 tion during 1893 at a total cost approximating 
 $750,000. The Columbian Club House is sit- 
 uated at the corner of Lindell boulevard and 
 Vandeventer avenue. It is a good type of the 
 Italian renaissance style of architecture, with a 
 facade of buff Roman brick and buff Bedford 
 limestone. The building is four stories high 
 and has a frontage of 114 feet. The new Good 
 Shepherd Convent, costing nearly $500,000, is 
 in course of construction on Gravois avenue, a 
 little west of Grand. The tract of land was 
 presented by Adolphus Busch, and upon it is 
 being constructed a building in Romanesque 
 
 style, with little unnecessary ornamentation but 
 of large capacity. The principal facade is 4(in 
 feet long, and the building is three stories high. 
 Space prevents a detailed descrijition of all 
 the elegant buildings in course of construction 
 at the present time, or which have been built 
 during the last three years, but enough has been 
 written to show that capitalists have an un- 
 limited confidence in the future of New St. Louis 
 and are willing at all times to invest freely in 
 buildings of the better class. And it is verv 
 important to emphasize the fact that, although 
 the year 1893 has been in every way unfavor- 
 able for new enterprises and generally discourag- 
 ing for mercantile interests, there has been no 
 difficulty in renting the rooms and offices in the 
 new buildings, although the apartments now 
 number several thousand. Favorite offices in 
 the best buildings having the ver}' best sites 
 and locations have been secured long before 
 work was completed, and the rapidity with 
 which the new buildings have filled up is a 
 striking testimony to the expansion of St. Louis 
 and its manufacturing, commercial and finan- 
 cial interests. No city on the continent has 
 been transformed more completely by aid of the 
 builder and contractor during the last six or 
 eight years, yet the percentage of vacant offices 
 in St. Louis is smaller than in any other large 
 city. In other words, phenomenal as has been the 
 increase in building, the demand has more than 
 kept pace with that increase; and from every 
 appearance it is still continuing to grow. 
 
 The growth of the city, 
 and the immense expendi- 
 ture on improvements, has 
 had a marked effect on the 
 value of real estate. There has never been any 
 wildcat speculation in the city, and, although 
 the transactions have frequently shown a total 
 consideration money exceeding on an average 
 $1,000,000 a week, and continuing for many 
 weeks, the bulk of the investing has been for the 
 purposeof improvement, and not for mere specula- 
 tion. It is on record that the ground now bounded 
 l)y Market and Wash streets, and by Broadway 
 and Jefferson avenue, was once sold for $4,000 
 
 A COMPARISON 
 
 OF 
 
 REALTY PRICES. 
 
BUILDING IMPRO I 'EMENTS. 
 
 103 
 
 in cash and 2,400 levies of furs. The vahie 
 of this property to-day exceeds $250,000,000, 
 and it inchides some of the most costly front- 
 ages in St. Louis. There are several frontages 
 worth more per foot than was paid for this 
 entire tract in the city's early days. Thus, the 
 corner of Broadway and Olive street is esti- 
 mated to be worth more than $10,000 a foot; 
 passing up Olive street the value decreases 
 slightly going west. Thus, Seventh and Olive 
 ground is worth about $8,000 a foot, while at 
 Twelfth and Olive it is worth $2,500. West of 
 Jefferson a\euue the value decreases less rap- 
 idly, and even as far west as JeffersoU avenue 
 available corners sell at $1,500 a foot front. 
 The average value of Olive street property, be- 
 tween Twelfth street and Broadway, is $(5,834; 
 and between Twelfth street and Jefferson avenue 
 it is $2,000. There are about 14,(i00 feet of 
 ground on Olive street, between Broadway and 
 Jefferson avenue. The value of the property 
 between Twelfth street and Jefferson avenue is 
 $19,4(5(5,000; and between Twelfth street and 
 Broadway it is $33,249,378. 
 
 These figures, of course, do not include the 
 value of any building iurprovements on the 
 property. Olive street frontage, in the busi- 
 ness part of the city, is regarded as the most 
 valuable property in the city at present. Lo- 
 cust street and Broadway is worth $(5,000 a foot. 
 At Seventh street. Locust street property is 
 worth $2,01)0 a foot; at Twelfth street, $1,500; 
 and at Jefferson avenue, $300. The average 
 value per foot, west of Twelfth street, is $3,1(5(5. 
 Between Twelfth street and Jefferson avenue it 
 is $900 a foot. The estimated value of the 
 property on Locust street, between Broadway 
 and Twelfth street, is $15,399,15(5, and be- 
 tween Twelfth street and Jefferson avenue it is 
 $8,758,800. St. Charles street at Broadway is 
 worth $4,000 a foot. At Seventh street it is 
 worth $1,200 a foot; at Twelfth street, $1,5(J0 
 a front foot. West of Twelfth street, St. Charles 
 street is practically no street. The average 
 value of St. Charles street property, between 
 Twelfth street and Broadway, is $2,233 a front 
 foot, or $10,8(55,778. 
 
 The corner of Washington avenue and Broad- 
 way is worth $(5,000 a front foot. At Seventh 
 street, Washington avenue property is worth 
 $3,000 a front foot ; at Twelfth street, $2,000; 
 and at Jefferson avenue, $1,000. The average 
 value per foot, east of Twelfth street and west of 
 Broadway, is $3,6(57 a foot, and between Twelfth 
 street and Jefferson avenue the average value is 
 $1,500 a foot. The property east of Twelfth 
 street, on Washington avenue, is worth about 
 $17,596,800. The property on Washington 
 avenue, between Twelfth street and Jefferson 
 avenue, is worth, approximately, $14,400,000. 
 Lucas avenue and Broadway is worth about 
 $3,000 a foot. At Seventh street, Lucas avenue 
 property is valued at $1,000 a foot ; at Twelfth 
 street, $800; and at Jefferson avenue, $200 a foot. 
 The average value per foot between Twelfth 
 street and Broadway is $1,600 a foot; and be- 
 tween Twelfth street and Jefferson avenue it is 
 $500 per foot. The property on Lucas avenue, 
 between Twelfth street and Broadway, is worth 
 about $7,680,000; and between Twelfth street 
 and Jefferson avenue it is worth $4,800,000. 
 The corner of Morgan street and Broadway is 
 worth about $2,000; Seventh and Morgan is 
 worth $800 a foot; Twelfth and Morgan, $1,000; 
 and Jefferson avenue and Morgan, $300 a foot. 
 The average value of Morgan street property, 
 between Twelfth street and Broadway, is $1,266; 
 and the average value of Morgan street property, 
 between Twelfth street and Jefferson avenue, is 
 $650 a foot. The total value of Morgan street 
 property, between Twelfth street and Broadway, 
 is $2,560,356; and between Twelfth street and 
 Jefferson avenue it is $(!,325,800. The corner 
 of Broadway and Franklin avenue is worth 
 $4,000 at foot. At Seventh street, Franklin av- 
 enue property is worth $1,500 a front foot; at 
 Twelfth street, $1,500; and at Jefferson avenue, 
 $750. The average value per foot east of 
 Twelfth street is $3,333; and between Twelfth 
 street and Jefferson avenue it is $ 1 , 1 25. The esti- 
 mated total value of the ground between Twelfth 
 street and Broadway, on Franklin avenue, is 
 $15,408,(589; and between Twelfth street and 
 Jefferson avenue it is $11,099,250. 
 
104 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ST. LOUIS REAL ESTATE 
 AS AN INVESTMENT. 
 
 These figures are 
 selected as evidence 
 of the growth in val- 
 ues. It will be noticed that they are not specu- 
 lative in any way, because nearly all of the 
 property mentioned is improved with substan- 
 tial buildings, and has not been bought and sold 
 for speculation at values based upon surmises 
 and possible growth. In the neighborhood of 
 the new Union Station the increase in values 
 has been more phenomenal and more specula- 
 tive. Within four years prices have increased 
 from five to ten-fold, although purchases are 
 made withoiit regard to the value of existing 
 improvements. The influence of the enterprise 
 of the Terminal Association has been felt to so 
 marked an extent that the neighborhood within 
 a few blocks of the depot is being completely 
 reconstructed, and elegant hotels, boarding- 
 houses, stores and mercantile establishments are 
 taking the place of the comparatively small 
 dwelling-houses which monopolized the frontage 
 during the last decade of Old St. Louis and the 
 first five or six years of New. The heavy ex- 
 penditure in railroad improvements in the North 
 End has had a similar influence on values, 
 and, indeed, at the present time, it is almost 
 impossible to obtain property at prices approx- 
 imating those that were asked five or six years 
 ago, and even more recently. The sudden with- 
 drawal of capital from investment during the 
 summer and fall of 1893 did not have any ma- 
 terial effect on values in St. Louis. The num- 
 ber of purchasers, of course, was greatly reduced, 
 and sales were much harder to consummate; but 
 holders had such unlimited faith in both the 
 present and future greatness of St. Louis that 
 they declined to sacrifice, and the number of 
 "hard times" sales at cut prices was very 
 small. St. Louis real estate was the last to feel 
 the influence of the depression, and tlie first to 
 benefit by the restoration of confidence, and the 
 business during the winter has not been far be- 
 low the average. These facts show that St. Louis 
 is not a "boom" town, and that, as an invest- 
 ment for large and small sums, its real estate 
 offers advantages not to be equaled elsewhere. 
 
 Immense fortunes have been made out of 
 judicious investments in the city; and in still 
 more instances substantial and satisfactory re- 
 turns have been received. The reputation for 
 solidity and conservatism in finances has helped 
 the real estate interests of St. Louis to a marked 
 extent. The amount of loanable capital from a 
 distance has always been large, and one com- 
 pany alone, the Connecticut Mutual Life In- 
 surance Company, has loaned upwards of 
 $20,000,000 in St. Louis since its general 
 awakening and revival. Mr. E. S. Rowse, who 
 has negotiated the loans, rejoices in the fact 
 that his' books show an absolutely clean rec- 
 ord, not a single case of foreclosure marring 
 their pages. This company has loaned about 
 $35,000,000 in the State, and its success and 
 enterprise is merely quoted because of the very 
 profitable faith in St. Louis and in Missouri 
 which the vastness of its operations demon- 
 strates so conclusively. 
 
 At the time of this writing millions of dollars 
 are known to have been withdrawn from specu- 
 lative investment and placed in deposit vaults, 
 where the money is unproductive. The loss of 
 thousands of dollars a year in interest this way 
 naturally arouses capitalists of every grade to a 
 sense of the error they are committing, and the 
 indications are that a greater portion of the 
 money will be taken from the "stockings" 
 without further delay and invested where it is 
 quite as safe and a thousand times more produc- 
 ti\-e — St. Louis real estate. The natural conse- 
 quence will be renewed and increased activity 
 during the coming year, with countless projects 
 of improvements and hundreds of new buildings. 
 If this work partook of the nature of advice to 
 investors, there would be no better ending to 
 this chapter than a recommendation to investors 
 to take time by the forelock and make their 
 selections and purchases before the enhancement 
 of values which the increased demand of the 
 coming spring is certain to create. The specu- 
 lator is not very likely to make a mistake if he 
 selects New St. Louis as the field of his opera- 
 tions; while the investor has a still greater guar- 
 antee of satisfactory returns. 
 
MUNICIPAL DE I EL OPMENT. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 THE NEW WATER-WORKS.-NEW CITY HALL.-NEW ST. LOUIS, THE PIONEER IN STREET 
 SPRINKLING AND ELECTRIC LIGHTING. 
 
 'HE PROGRESS made in municipal insti- 
 tutions and features during the last ten 
 years has been enormous, and the New 
 St. Louis idea has been warmly supported 
 and fostered by the city authorities. 
 In the first chapter the city's incor- 
 poration and the extension of the city limits 
 from time to time are briefly recorded, and in 
 pursuance of the plan on which this work is 
 based, only those features which ha\-e a strong 
 bearing on the city's new growth will be dealt 
 with at any length, while nothing in the shape 
 of a municipal history of Old St. Louis will be 
 attempted. It is impossible, however, to omit 
 a tribute to the genuine integrity and zeal of the 
 men who have been placed at the head of the 
 city government from time to time. The earlier 
 mayors were not assisted by commissioners, as 
 now, and all the detail work passed through 
 their hands. At this stage of the city's history 
 the mayor is at the head of an immense body of 
 workers, and the Board of Public Improvements 
 has a president whose duties are as numerous as 
 the sands on the sea-shore. The other members 
 of the board are the street, water, sewer, harbor 
 and park commissioners, each in control of the 
 department from which he takes his name. 
 The health department is managed by a com- 
 missioner who has no seat in the " B. P. I." 
 cabinet, and among the other heads of depart- 
 ments are the city register, the supply commis- 
 sioner and the building commissioner. 
 
 The following table, giving the names of the 
 mayors of St. Louis since the city's incorpora- 
 
 tion, and data as to population, will be of inter- 
 est, and will also show concisely how rapidly 
 the city has grown: 
 
 
 
 
 
 Administration. 
 
 ""'"" 
 
 
 ,.„pu,.Uioi,. 
 
 1823-28 
 
 
 
 4,928 
 5,852 
 
 1829-32 
 
 Daniel D. Page 
 
 1830 
 
 1833 
 
 Samuel Merry* 
 
 
 
 1833-34 
 
 J. W. Johnson 
 
 John V. Darbv 
 
 1S35 
 
 
 1835-37 
 
 8,316 
 
 lS3S-3i) 
 
 Will. Carr Lane 
 
 
 
 1S40 
 
 John I'. Darhv 
 
 1840 
 
 16,469 
 
 1841 
 
 John IJ. DagKett 
 
 
 
 1842 
 
 George Magnire 
 
 
 
 1843 .-. . 
 
 John ]\I. Wnner 
 
 Bernaril Pratte 
 
 P. G.Camden 
 
 
 
 1844^5 
 
 
 1840 
 
 
 
 
 1847 
 
 Bryan Mnllanphy 
 
 
 
 1.S48 
 
 John M. Kruni 
 
 
 
 1849 
 
 James G.Barry 
 
 
 
 1850-52 
 
 L. M. Kennett 
 
 1850 
 
 74,439 
 
 1853-54 
 
 John How 
 
 
 
 1855 
 
 Washington King 
 
 
 
 1856 
 
 John How 
 
 
 
 
 John M. Wimer 
 
 Oliver D. Fillev 
 
 
 
 1858-60 
 
 1800 
 
 160,773 
 
 1861-62 
 
 Dan. G. Taylor 
 
 
 
 1863 
 
 Chaun. I. FiUey 
 
 
 
 1864-68 
 
 Jas. S. Thomas 
 
 
 
 1869-70 
 
 Nathan Cole 
 
 1870 
 
 310,963 
 
 1871 74 
 
 
 
 
 1875 
 
 Arthur Barrettf 
 
 
 
 1875 
 
 James H. Britton 
 
 
 
 1876 
 
 Henrv Overstolzt 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 350,518 
 
 1881-85 
 
 Wm. L. Ewing 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1889 
 
 Geo. W. Allen II 
 
 
 
 1889 93 
 
 E A Noon an 
 
 ISIHI 
 
 a\:<\ 770 
 
 1893 
 
 C. P. Walbridge 
 
 lh93 
 
 /'620,000 
 
 * Disqualified in consequence of holding office under general gov- 
 imi'iit. J. W. Jolinson elected in liis place. 
 t Died April 23, ISTrn J. II. Britton elected to fill vacancy. 
 t Iicilarcd elected by City Council February 9,1876, instead of 
 
 ^ I). R. Francis elected Governor of Missouri, 
 iryi 1889. 
 I Oeo. W. Allen, being President City ('DUncil, 
 a Federal census, generally conceded to be at lo: 
 b Uircctorj' census early in year. 
 
106 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 MAYOR EWJNG, 
 
 1881—1885- 
 
 It was during the niayor- 
 
 altv of Mr. W. L. Ewi 
 
 that 
 
 New St. Louis commenced to 
 exist. The pen with which ]\Ir. Ewing signed 
 his approval of the ordinance authorizing the 
 construction of the first rapid-transit street rail- 
 road in St. Louis ought to have been preserved 
 in the city archives, for, as we have seen, that 
 ordinance enabled a complete change to be 
 made, not only in the street railroad facilities, 
 but also in the city itself. The next event of 
 importance, or perhaps an event of equal im- 
 portance, during jMaj'or Ewing's administration 
 was the commencement of the repaving of the 
 down-town streets with granite. This Avas done 
 under the fostering guidance of ^Ix. J. W. Tur- 
 ner, who was street commissioner at the time, 
 and whose work was of so high an order that his 
 name has since been mentioned as a desirable 
 candidate for almost every municipal office of 
 importance from the mayoralty down. Mr. Twx- 
 ner found the streets in but an indifferent condi- 
 tion, not worse, perhaps, than those of other 
 cities, but in no way suited for the heaAy traffic of 
 a busy manufacturing district. The soft road- 
 ways gave way under heavy loads, and in many 
 instances extra teams had to be obtained to pull 
 wagons out of holes and ruts. Reference has 
 already been made to the opposition with which 
 the proposal to pave the down-town streets with 
 granite was received, but the authorities held 
 their own, and finally the good work was com- 
 menced in earnest. In the spring of 1883 there 
 were little more than three miles of granite 
 paving in the city, but during the years 
 1884. and 188.") reconstruction on a wholesale 
 scale was completed, and at the end of the lat- 
 ter year there were over twentj'-two miles of 
 granite streets in the cit}', with about a mile of 
 limestone blocks, a little o\er two miles of 
 wooden blocks, four miles of asphalt, five of 
 telford and about 285 of macadam. 
 
 In his report for the year 1885, Mr. Turner 
 went Aery fully into the granite pavement ques- 
 tion. "It is needless to say," he remarked, 
 "that the granite pavements have given great 
 satisfaction. They have facilitated and thereby 
 
 decreased the cost of transportation o\er our 
 streets ver\' largely. Houses handling large 
 amounts of heavy goods report that it has 
 reduced the cost of transportation two-fifths. 
 A great deal of the objection that was raised at 
 first against these pavements in anticipation of 
 excessive noise has subsided; either the noise 
 was not so great as was expected or the people 
 ha\e become accustomed to it. Douljtless, in 
 narrow streets on which the traffic is xexy great, 
 the noise is quite objectionable, but we have few 
 of these; and taking the immense ad\antage 
 gained by having solid and enduring pavements 
 facilitating the operations of the commerce of the 
 city, we can tolerate a few disadvantages arising 
 from our new pavements. The character of our 
 work can be considered first-class in e\ery re- 
 spect; the quality of the stone is good. We ha\e 
 now several varieties to select from, and the 
 supply on the line of the Iron Mountain Rail- 
 road, within a haul of one hundred and fifty 
 miles of the city, is inexhaustible. The price 
 of these pavements has been gradually falling; 
 our last lettings show a very great reduction, 
 due to competition, resulting from new parties 
 opening new quarries, thereby increasing the 
 supply of stone in the market; and also due to 
 increased capacity of and facilities for operating 
 old quarries." 
 
 The wear and tear of eight 
 years has more than borne out 
 Mr. Turner's estimate of the 
 high character of the work. 
 The best laid of the down-town streets are still 
 in perfect order, and show little or no signs of 
 wear. The mileage of the granite streets has 
 increased steadily every year, and IMr. Turner's 
 successors, Messrs. Burnett and Murphy, have 
 evinced as nuicli enthusiasm on the subject as 
 Mr. Turner himself. There are now some forty- 
 six miles of granite-paved streets in the city, in 
 addition to nearly five miles of granite-paved 
 alleys. Limestone blocks for streets have not 
 proved entirely satisfactory, but there are up- 
 wards of eighty-four miles of alleys paved this 
 way, and giving good service. The mileage 
 of telford pavement has been increased since 
 
 THE STREETS 
 
 THEIR PA VINO. 
 
Ml 'XICIPAL DE I -EL OPMENT. 
 
 107 
 
 the revival, and there are now some thirty-three 
 miles paved in this way, with a total mileage of 
 improved streets and alleys exceeding 450. The 
 streets of the city, and more especially the side- 
 walks, are now on the whole far better paved 
 than those of the average American city, 
 although the rapid increase in territory has made 
 it impossible to keep up with the city's growth. 
 In order to expedite improvements, the law con- 
 cerning the apportionment of cost was revised in 
 1892, and it is now enacted that the entire 
 cost of reconstruction shall be charged against 
 adjoining property, regardless of its assessed 
 valuation. As the result of this enactment, 
 known as the "Stone law," a large quantity of 
 improvement work has been commenced and is 
 under contemplation, and the splendid reform in 
 Mayor Ewing's term will soon be so developed 
 and brought to such perfection as to cause delight 
 to St. Louis citizens generally. 
 
 When St. Louis was first settled, the high 
 ground on the bluffs was what attracted the 
 pioneers, who knew nothing and cared less 
 about the magnificent location beyond the bluffs, 
 and how admirably the site was adapted for a 
 great city. After the abrupt rise from the river, 
 there is a table-land with just sufficient grade to 
 make drainage easy, extending several miles 
 north and south, and about three-quarters of a 
 mile west. Beyond this right out to the city 
 limits the ground is rolling, a succession of hills 
 and valleys with a gradual tendency upwards, 
 affording admirable opportunities for street 
 laying and general draining. Had our ances- 
 tors been less conservative in the matter of 
 extending the city limits and had they taken in 
 fresh territory before instead of after it was 
 platted out and built up, we should have had in 
 St. Louis a magnificent system of rectangular 
 streets. As it is, St. Louis is really made up of 
 a large number of incorjiorated towns and vil- 
 lages, and as many of these had a complete 
 system of streets before being absorbed, there 
 are several irregularities which have given 
 trouble to the authorities from time to time in 
 the way of street-naming. The trees to be 
 found in the forest around the city in its early 
 
 days suggested names for the principal streets 
 running east and west; and to a great extent the 
 streets running north and soiith have been from 
 time to time numbered consecutively instead of 
 being named. East of Jefferson avenue the 
 numerical system of nomenclature is fairly 
 regular, but .-west of that thoroughfare most of 
 the north and south streets are known as 
 avenues, and are given distinctive names, consid- 
 erable confusion being caused thereby. Shortl\- 
 after the adoption of the scheme and charter, 
 there was a general overhauling of names, and 
 at the present time a motion is before the Mu- 
 nicipal Assembly to further simplify the system. 
 Market street has always been the dividing line 
 between north and south, and all numbers 
 north and south commence from this historical 
 thoroughfare. The numbers on the streets run- 
 ning east and west commence from the river, 
 and each block has its distinctive number. The 
 plan, on the whole, works well; and a reform 
 now being perfected whereby street signs will 
 be made more numerous and conspicuous, will 
 do away with nearly every complaint. 
 
 Since Street Commissioner 
 Turner commenced his cru- 
 sade against uupaved streets 
 in the business section, the boulevard idea has 
 gained much strength in St. Louis. The first 
 boulevard to be constructed was the Lindell, 
 which is still looked upon as one of the finest 
 drivewa\s in the West. It connects Grand 
 avenue with Forest Park, and is a popular 
 driveway as well as a most desirable promenade. 
 It is adorned with some of the most magnificent 
 houses in the city, and is regarded by visitors as 
 a great credit, not only to St. Louis but to the 
 West generally. Forest Park boulevard, a few 
 blocks south of the Lindell is, in some respects, 
 even more elaborate than what is generally known 
 as "The Boulevard." It has a park-like reserva- 
 tion in the center of the street, and when more 
 thoroughly built up will be a strong competitor 
 for public favor. The present street commis- 
 sioner, Mr. IM. J. Murphy, is responsible for a 
 comprehensive plan of boulevards, which will 
 add some sixty miles to those already in exist- 
 
 THE BOULEVARD 
 
108 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ence. In March, 18!) 1, an act was passed by 
 the State Assembly authorizing cities of more 
 than 300,000 inhabitants — or, in other words, 
 St. Lonis, there being no other city in the State 
 with even half that number of inhabitants — to 
 establish boulevards with special building-line, 
 and restricted as to the nature of the travel. 
 The boulevards will vary in length and will 
 provide a system of driveways unsurpassed in 
 au}' city in the country. Among those already 
 dedicated under the act may be mentioned the 
 boulevards already described, Delmar boulevard, 
 from Grand avenue to city limits, a distance of 
 four miles; and Washington boulevard, a par- 
 allel street. Among those comprised in the sys- 
 tem will be Columbia boulevard; Florissant 
 boulevard, from Hebert street to the city limits, 
 a distance of five miles; King's Highway, from 
 Arsenal street to Florissant avenue, six miles; 
 Union avenue, from Forest Park to Natural 
 Bridge road; Skinker boulevard, skirting the 
 city limits some six miles, and several other 
 shorter but scarcely less important lengths of 
 thoroughfare. 
 
 The boulevard system, when completed, will 
 add some fifty or sixty miles to the most beauti- 
 ful thoroughfares of St. Louis, which in them- 
 selves are far more attractive than the average 
 citizen is apt to realize. A visitor from the dis- 
 tance seeing Vandeventer, Westmoreland or 
 Portland place, for the first time, is enchanted 
 with the delightful combination of urban wealth 
 with rural beauty. The park reservations in 
 these places, which are selected as types of 
 others either in contemplation or in course of 
 construction, are kept in the highest stage of cul- 
 tivation. The roadways on either side of them 
 are almost perfect, and the houses which have 
 either been constructed or are being erected 
 are models of architectural excellence. Taken 
 altogether, the streets, avenues, boulevards and 
 private places of St. Louis are unequaled, and 
 they are an honor to New St. Louis and to the 
 men who in the early days of the revival lent 
 their influence and ability to a movement which 
 has resulted so advantageously, and which prom- 
 ises to attain far greater excellence. 
 
 MA YOR FRANCIS, 
 1885-1889. 
 
 The administration of 
 IMayor David R. Francis ex- 
 tended over a period of great 
 importance to New St. Louis. Mr. Francis was 
 elected in the spring of 1885, and he continued 
 at the head of the city government until the end 
 of 1888, when he resigned in consequence of his 
 election to the highest office within the gift of 
 the State of Missouri. Politicians of every grade 
 give him credit for encouraging every movement 
 calculated to add to the city's greatness, and also 
 for originating and recommending a large num- 
 ber of reforms and new enterprises of the utmost 
 importance. If the ex-mayor and ex-governor 
 were asked what was the most vital question 
 with which he was called upon to deal while 
 occup}-ing the mayoralty chair, it is probable 
 he would reply that it related to the city's water 
 supply, which, when he took charge, was being 
 rapidly overtaken by the city's great increase in 
 population. The growth in population during 
 the eighties exceeded 100,000, and it is generally 
 conceded that the bulk of this increase took 
 place after 1884, or during the latter half of the 
 decade. The danger, or at least the possibility, 
 of a water famine in the event of the slightest 
 break-down in the machinery of the existing 
 plant so impressed the mayor that he cordially 
 endorsed the recommendations of Water Com- 
 missioner Whitman and lent his influence to the 
 movement, which resulted in work being com- 
 menced to entirely reconstruct the system and 
 furnish water settled and filtered in sufficient 
 quantity to supply the demand of 1,000,000 
 people. 
 
 The history of the water supply of St. Louis 
 is one of continual expenditure and improve- 
 ment. So rapid has been the city's growth 
 that no sooner has one s\stem been perfected 
 than new works ha\-e been discussed. In the 
 early days of the city water was procured by 
 means of wells; and about seventy years ago 
 the problem of water-works construction began 
 to be discussed. Work was commenced on the 
 first water-works in 1830. They were situated 
 in the neighborhood of Ashley, Collins and 
 Bates streets, and the first reservoir was on 
 
MUXICIPAL ] y- I -EL 0PM EXT. 
 
 109 
 
 Little Mound. Kugine-lioiises were built at the 
 foot of Bates street, and a six-inch uiaiu laid. 
 The enterprise was a prixate one, but did not 
 prove very profitable to the investor, and the 
 city was compelled to render financial assist- 
 ance. In 1835 the works were purchased for 
 $18,000, and before three years had expired 
 they had proved to be altogether inadequate. 
 Complaints are heard at the present time of 
 the water rates bein^j higher than necessary, 
 but they are small compared with the early 
 charges, despite the fact that money at that 
 time was much less plentiful than now. Pri- 
 vate families were charged $10 or $:^0, ac- 
 cording to the number of children, and the 
 charges for stores, offices and factories varied 
 from $10 to $500. Early in the forties consid- 
 erable improvements were made, and in 184(j a 
 third engine was put iip by Kingsland & Light- 
 ner. In 1852 the Hercules engine was put up 
 by Gaty & ]McCune. In 1.H54 the Benton Reser- 
 voir, with a capacity of 40,000,000 gallons, was 
 constructed, and in l'S5!) there were se\enty 
 miles of iron pipe, and it was announced that the 
 water supply was abundant. 
 
 In 18(i5 the State Legislature passed a law 
 creating a Board of Water Commissioners for 
 St. Louis, and to the credit of this commission 
 it should be stated that one of its first recom- 
 mendations was the construction of a reser- 
 voir and filtering-beds at the Chain of Rocks, 
 with a conduit to Baden. The plan was re- 
 jected in March, IHliB, and was severely criti- 
 cised on the ground of its being experimental 
 and even visionary in character. Time justifies 
 a great many projects, and after the lapse of 
 twenty years the Chain of Rocks was finally 
 selected as the most appropriate point for the 
 construction of an inlet tower. Had the recom- 
 mendations of the commissioners been accepted 
 in 18()5 and 18()(; the city would have been 
 richer by several million dollars and its record 
 for healthfulness, good as it has been, would 
 have been far better. Bissell's Point was se- 
 lected as the site for the works which were 
 necessary and work was commenced upon them. 
 The buildings, which are still in existence and 
 
 THE 
 
 WATER-WORKS 
 
 TWENTY YEARS AGO. 
 
 in use, comprise two series of structures, one 
 for the high-service and the other for the low- 
 service system. The reservoirs have each a 
 capacity of 23,000,000 gallons, and before the 
 demand for water became so great that it was 
 impossible to allow sufficient time for settling, 
 the supply was clear as well as abundant. The 
 Compton Hill Reservoir was also constructed, 
 with a capacity of 51!, 000, 000 gallons. This 
 reservoir, being 1715 feet above the city direct- 
 rix, i)ractically commands the entire city. 
 
 In 1871 the system was 
 practically completed. 
 Accounts prepared at the 
 time show that its capac- 
 ity was, although large, far less than the de- 
 mand it has been called upon to supply during 
 recent years, and it has only been by incessant 
 care that the wants of the people have been sup- 
 plied. The new water-works, as they were 
 called in 1871, cost the city about $4,000,000, 
 and the valuation of the entire system and 
 grounds was a little in excess of $7,000,000. 
 In l'S8l contracts were let for a fourth high- 
 service engine, and during that year Water 
 Commissioner Whitman, in his report, said: 
 "Another question requiring consideration and 
 the oflScial action of the municipal authorities, 
 is as to whether we shall continue to take the 
 water from the river at Bissell's Point, or, in 
 tlie extension of the works, they shall be planned 
 with a view to taking the water higher up the 
 river to the Chain of Rocks." Recommenda- 
 tions, such as this, followed, and Mayor Fran- 
 cis, as already stated, became thoroughly 
 impressed with the importance of strengthening 
 and increasing the service, and also of obtaining 
 a supply from the Chain of Rocks, so as to 
 avoid the danger of contamination b)- city sewers. 
 Not only had the population of the city 
 increased very rapidh-, but the consumption of 
 water, per inhabitant, had also nearly doubled 
 in ten years, increasing from fourteen and a 
 half gallons per head per day in 1872 to about 
 twenty-eight gallons in 1882. The collections 
 for water license showed a still more remark- 
 able growth, in spite of the frequent reductions 
 
110 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 in the charges, which enabled manufacturers to 
 obtain water more cheaply than was possible 
 elsewhere. In 1836 the annual collections were 
 about $4,500, and it was not until the year 1840 
 that the total exceeded $20,000. In 18.31 it was 
 $30,000, and in 1860 it nearly reached $100,000. 
 The collections since then have been as follows, 
 the calculations being made to the months of 
 April or May in each year: 
 
 Year. 
 
 Amount, 
 
 Year. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 1861 
 
 1 114,760 35 
 123,690 25 
 147,120 t)5 
 170,313 .30 
 208,340 90 
 248,208 33 
 248,575 30 
 
 2ss,nio 07 
 
 321,412 50 
 323,102 00 
 335,626 91 
 373,194 GO 
 426,922 59 
 444,622 35 
 414,870 44 
 456,163 39 
 445,041 14 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 % 512,053 19 
 
 1862 
 
 550,140 60 
 
 1863 
 
 620,280 30 
 
 1864 
 
 1865 
 
 1881 _ 
 
 1882 
 
 660,024 75 
 706,145 65 
 
 186C 
 
 719,686 37 
 
 1867 
 
 18S4 - 
 
 1885 
 
 736,694 26 
 
 
 7.59,265 53 
 
 1869 
 
 18SG 
 
 800,325 70 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1887 --- 
 
 1888 
 
 1890 
 
 919',975 18 
 
 
 952,689 25 
 
 1873 
 
 1,017,016 20 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 
 1892 
 
 1,173,998 30 
 1,235,933 30 
 
 1877 
 
 
 THE NEW WORKS 
 
 AT THE 
 CHAIN OF ROCKS. 
 
 Although the projectors 
 of the new water-works 
 were not aware that in 
 the year ending April, 
 1893, more than $1,200,000 would be collected 
 in water rates, they realized the impending 
 growth of the city and predicted an enormous 
 increase in consumption as a result both of the 
 gain in population and in manufactures. The 
 usual opposition was forthcoming, but with the 
 aid of the mayor's influence a thoroughly com- 
 prehensive scheme was finally adopted, and in 
 the year 1888 contracts began to be let for the 
 new works. They are situated at the Chain of 
 Rocks, about twelve miles north of the business 
 section of St. Louis, the plan being to secure 
 pure water by aid of an inlet tower in the river, 
 and to draw it through a gigantic conduit to the 
 city proper. Among the appointments made by 
 Mayor Francis, was that of Mr. j\I. L. Holman 
 to succeed Mr. Whitman as water commis- 
 sioner, and upon him has devolved the great 
 work of construction. At the present time the 
 
 works are nearly completed, and the city will 
 soon have a water supply beyond criticism. 
 Perhaps the most magnificent feature of the 
 new water-works and their connections, is the 
 seven-mile conduit between the Chain of Rocks 
 and Rissell's Point. This conduit is one of the 
 finest in the country, and has been constructed 
 in the most substantial manner. 
 
 The inlet tower stands well out from the 
 shore, with which it is connected by an intact 
 tunnel cut from the solid rock. About midway 
 in the depth of the stream the water is let into 
 the tunnel by means of six iron gates operated 
 by hydraulic lifts. At low water eighty feet of 
 the tower is visible, but at high water only about 
 fifty feet. The tower cost abovit $100,000. A 
 technical description of the works would occupy 
 several images, and would only be of limited 
 interest to those uninitiated into the mysteries of 
 engineering. It is important, however, to note 
 that the new basins and filter-beds will suflEice to 
 settle and filter sufficient water to supply the 
 needs of the city for the next ten years at least, 
 and if the new works are overtaxed to the same 
 extent as the old works, a sufficient supply will 
 probably be forthcoming for ten j-ears longer. 
 Five years have already been occupied in the 
 work, and the total cost will be in the neighbor- 
 hood of $4,000,000. 
 
 We have already anticipated somewhat, as 
 the works were only commenced during the ad- 
 ministration of Mayor Francis. But the de- 
 cision to obtain a supply several miles north of 
 the city's sewer outlets, and to erect new works 
 on a generous scale, marks such an epoch in the 
 municipal growth of the city as to be deserving 
 of more than passing mention. St. Louis is 
 fortunate in being situated on the banks of a 
 river which furnishes an unlimited supply of 
 water of an exceedingly healthy character. 
 Since it has been necessary' to overtax the works, 
 the water has not been so clear as desired, but 
 when filtered the water of the Missouri ri\er 
 is at least as good as that furnished in any city 
 in the country. Although the Missouri and 
 Mississippi ri\-ers reach each other in their 
 course se\'eral miles above vSt. Louis, they do 
 
ML WICIPAL DE I 'EL OPMENT 
 
 111 
 
 not tliorou<,^hIy unite until they have passed the 
 city, the denser water of the Missouri being 
 easily distinguished from the brighter Missis- 
 sippi water as the two flow side by side between 
 Alton and St. Louis. The Missouri water is far 
 more suitable for drinking purposes and is freer 
 from deleterious matter, and, although it has 
 been criticised from time to time, the best an- 
 swer to such criticisms is the exceptional health- 
 fulness of St. Louis. The following table, taken 
 from the Scientific American of December 9, 
 1893, shows the death-rate iu the cities of the 
 world credited with a population exceeding, or 
 approximating, 500,000, the estimated popula- 
 tion being that of 1892: 
 
 London 
 
 Paris 
 
 New York 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Brooklj'D 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 Brussels 
 
 Boston 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 Dublin 
 
 2S.675 
 23,856 
 17.181 
 13,. 590 
 18,005 
 12,249 
 
 4,802 
 4,359 
 5,816 
 4,806 
 4,735 
 
 19.11 
 23.61 
 26.47 
 20.58 
 18.95 
 25.07 
 21.95 
 21.84 
 18.47 
 17.86 
 23.88 
 21.10 
 27.05 
 
 THE HEALTHIEST 
 LARGE CITY 
 
 IN THE WORLD. 
 
 From this table it will be 
 seen that St. Louis is the 
 healthiest large city in the 
 world. Countless millions 
 ha\e l)eeu_ spent iu sanitary work in London, 
 the death-rate in which city has been reduced 
 rapidly, but it still stands higher than that of 
 St. Louis, whose record of 18.47 to the thousand 
 speaks volumes for the purity of its water supply 
 and the efficiency of its sewer system. More- 
 over, a death-rate of 18.47 is somewhat hi.gh for 
 St. Louis, which has begun to look at anything 
 much above 18 as exceeding the normal. 
 
 Among the other .strictly municipal refonns 
 effected during the administration of Mayor 
 I'raucis, the sprinkling of the streets by munici- 
 pal contracts may be mentioned, partly be- 
 cause St. Louis iu this, as in many otiier things, 
 set an example to the entire countr\-, and partly 
 
 because of the phenomenal success which has 
 been achieved. It is not to be suggested that 
 Old St. Louis allowed the dust to blow as it 
 pleased during the summer months. There 
 were sprinkling contractors in abundance, but 
 they did their work in quite a primitive style. 
 They made a contract with the owner of a house 
 or lot to sprinkle in front of his premises, and 
 when every property holder on a block entered 
 into the arrangement, fairly satisfactory but very 
 costly service was rendered. What generally 
 happened, however, was the omission of enough 
 street frontage to spoil the entire work. Owners 
 of vacant property were necessarily averse to 
 paying large sums for sprinkling, and, hence, 
 the peculiar phenomenon of streets sprinkled in 
 sections and patches was common. Early in 
 the term of Mayor Francis, the question of a 
 comprehensive system of street sprinkling be- 
 came a live subject, and a charter amendment 
 having been obtained, a sprinkling department 
 was formed and contracts were let for sprinkling 
 most of the streets of the city. From the first 
 the change was popular. The saving of ex- 
 pense was enormous and the work far more 
 satisfactory'. In his message to the Municipal 
 Assembly in May, 1888, Mayor Francis claimed 
 that the problem of abating the dust nuisance 
 had been met and solved; and the experience of 
 the last five years shows that he was correct. 
 A large number of delegations have visited St. 
 Louis from other cities to inspect the street 
 sprinkling and investigate the system, and as 
 a result many cities have already followed 
 iu the footsteps of the metropolis of the West 
 and Southwest. A mileage of streets covering 
 about 450 miles is now sprinkled, and the cost 
 is but little in excess of $150,000. It is prob- 
 able that in the old system quite as much, if 
 not more, was paid, although the service was 
 not one-fourth as complete or satisfactorj'. 
 
 Spacemakes it impossible to mention in detail, 
 or even in the abstract, the countless interesting 
 and important events which transpired during 
 the administration of IVIayoi Francis. The visit 
 of President Cleveland and the general decoration 
 and illumination of the city in his honor may be 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 mentioned as the grandest spectacular event; 
 and among the more strictly useful ones the 
 completion and opening of the Grand Avenue 
 Bridge is sufficiently important to deserve re- 
 cording. Prior to the building of the bridge, 
 Grand avenue, one of the best and most im- 
 portant of the north and south streets, was 
 divided into two parts by the Mill Creek Valley 
 tracks, the crossing of which at grade practi- 
 cally ruined that section of the avenue as a 
 driveway. The new bridge, or viaduct, is a 
 costly and handsome structure, and it has popu- 
 larized Grand avenue as a driveway far more 
 than even its projectors anticipated. 
 
 The unexpired period of 
 
 MAYOR j\'OONAN, 
 
 Maxov Francis' term was 
 
 /««y-/ay.y. ^jj^^^ ,^^, ^j^ George W. 
 
 Allen, the president of the Council. Mr. Allen 
 was succeeded in April, 1889, by Mr. Edward 
 A. Noonan, whose administration was made 
 conspicuous by an immense amount of munici- 
 pal enterprise. Aside from the reconstruction, 
 with electricity as the motive power, of at least 
 tvv'o-tliirds of the street railroad mileage, the 
 most important event of the Noonan administra- 
 tion was, probably, the commencement of work 
 by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad 
 to secure an entrance to the city from the north, 
 and to construct an independent system of ter- 
 minals for its own use and for the convenience 
 of roads with running powers over its tracks. 
 This was a special hobby of Mr. Noonan, who 
 recognized the tremendous importance of the 
 work and who gave to it all the influence and 
 weight the city government could lend. Scarcely 
 less important was the final start on the new 
 City Hall, which project had been talked of 
 for a generation. While St. Louis had been 
 outgrowing its water-works, it had completely 
 outgrown the City Hall, which, although it 
 answered the purpose for Old St. L,ouis, was 
 absurdly inadequate for New St. Louis. As 
 some indication of the growth of public senti- 
 ment, it may be mentioned that in 1849 the 
 City Council was authorized by legislation on 
 the part of the State to "erect a City Hall on 
 the square of land belonging to said city, sit- 
 
 uated east of ]\Iain street, between Market and 
 Walnut." The attempt was referred to in the 
 Missouri Republican as " a foolish effort to ar- 
 ray some feeling about the erection of a new 
 market-house, stores, town hall and offices for 
 the city officers on the square occupied by the 
 old market and town hall." The "foolish 
 effort" met with doubtful success, for four years 
 later the same journal announced ' ' with regret 
 that nearly all prospects of the purchase of a lot 
 on which to erect the new town hall had been 
 abandoned for at least the present session of the 
 City Council. A bill, drafted with a view to 
 the proposed edifice, and allowing Mr. James H. 
 Lucas $(58,000 for the greater portion of the 
 square bounded by Eleventh, Twelfth, Olive 
 and Locust streets, has been under considera- 
 tion of the Council for the past month or more, 
 but was definitely killed at the session of Tues- 
 day." 
 
 Temporary accommodation was obtained in 
 the new County Court House, and it was not 
 until the year 18(38 that the subject of building 
 a City Hall was revived. Four years later work 
 was commenced on the building now generally 
 condemned as inadequate, on Eleventh street, 
 between Market and Chestnut. Mayor Brown, 
 in a message to the Council shortly after work 
 was commenced, expressed his regret that the 
 city finances did not warrant the erection of a 
 City Hall commensurate with existing needs 
 and future growth, but he expressed satisfaction 
 in the fact that the new building would do 
 "indifferently well." It seems strange that 
 only twenty years ago a building first designed 
 to be two-stories high and to cost $48, 7. 30 
 should have been deemed sufficient for the 
 city's needs, and even when the plans were 
 changed and a third story added, the total ex- 
 penditure was only $70,000, and the actual re- 
 sult a building which even the most loyal citizen 
 is compelled to look upon with feelings of re- 
 gret, if not contempt. In 1880 Mayor Overstolz 
 criticised the City Hall severely. "The build- 
 ing now occupied by the municipal depart- 
 ments," he said, in his annual message, "was 
 not intended to be permanent, was not built in 
 
MUNICIPAL DE VELOPMENT. 
 
 113 
 
 THE 
 lEW CITY HALL. 
 
 substantial manner, and does not afford the 
 ecessary accommodations. It has stood the 
 sst of use and time very indifferently, and for 
 everal years past it has cost a considerable 
 mount annually for repairs, and its condition 
 3-day is certainly not favorable for the safety 
 f the valuable archives, records and other prop- 
 rty stored therein. In character and size it is 
 iiadequate to the wants of the government, and 
 :s appearance is discreditable to a city of the 
 eputation, wealth and influence of St. L,ouis." 
 The suggestion of the 
 mayor was not acted upon, 
 and possibly it is well that 
 iirther delay was caused, because the idea at 
 hat time was to enlarge the Court House and 
 lake it do both for a Court House and City 
 lall, an arrangement which would have been a 
 oor makeshift and a further source of regret. 
 lU through the eighties the question of a new 
 'ity Hall was a live one, and shortly after Mayor 
 loonan's inauguration, the agitation was brought 
 3 a head and work was commenced on what 
 romises to be one of the finest city halls in the 
 ,'orld. The building is now nearly under roof 
 nd is being pushed forward as rapidly as pos- 
 ible. It is situated in Washington Square, a 
 lock and half southwest of the old hall, and two 
 locks north of the old Union Depot. The 
 quare had for some years been iised as a park, 
 nd when the fence around it is removed, there 
 /ill be enough space left on all sides of the City 
 lall to pro\ide a very handsome public square, 
 ^he building has a frontage of 380 feet with a 
 epth of about 220, and will have a floor surface 
 f MO square feet on each of its stories. It is 
 ve stories high, and a handsome bell-tower 
 bout 200 feet high is to surmount it. The 
 ;eneral style of architecture is of the Louis XIV. 
 rder, and the building will be similar in appear- 
 nce, although much more massive and costly 
 han the very attractive town halls to be seen in 
 Jormandy and Northern France. The basement 
 nd first story of the building are constructed of 
 ilissouri granite, the material of the upper 
 tories being buff Roman brick, with sandstone 
 rinunings. 
 
 The roof, upon which work is now in prog- 
 ress, will be of black glazed Spanish tile, lend- 
 ing a very handsome finish to a building which 
 will be a distinct ornament to the city. The 
 interior courts are being lined with white glazed 
 brick, and the entire structure will be fire-proof 
 throughout. In addition to the apartments in 
 the basement, there will be 150 rooms in the 
 hall. The Council Chamber and the House of 
 Delegates, will each cover 4,500 square feet, and 
 the Treasury and Collector of Water Rates 
 departments, now so inadequate for the conven- 
 ience of the public, will be even larger than 
 these two debating chambers. The arrange- 
 ments for the interior decorations are very elab- 
 orate, and as at present arranged will consist of 
 granitoid floors for the store and filing-rooms in 
 the basement; mosaic and marble tile flooring 
 for corridors and the public spaces of offices; 
 the placing of fire-proof arches between the 
 iron joints to the building and marble flooring in 
 working spaces of the ofUces. Under the head 
 of interior finish is also included the entire 
 plumbing of the building, including marble 
 walls and partitions of lavatories. The general 
 scheme of decoration consists of treating the 
 first-story corridors of the building, the central 
 rotunda, the Council Chamber, the House of 
 Delegates and the Mayor's office in quite an 
 elaborate manner, as those parts of the building 
 are the ones seen by the casual visitor, and it 
 was thought that they should be made more dec- 
 orative than the general offices of the building. 
 The finish in those cases will consist of scagliola 
 art marble, and will be dignified and monu- 
 mental. The working rooms of the building are 
 treated in a strictly utilitarian manner, and, 
 while the large amount of wainscoting necessarj^ 
 makes it expensive, it is strictly for the better- 
 ment of the building, there being no waste in 
 the way of an elaborate treatment that is purely 
 ornamental. The absence of wood finish and 
 the substitution of marble makes the building 
 more strictly fire-proof, and also saves the ex- 
 pense of keeping the woodwork presentable. 
 
 The ceilings of the first-story corridors will be 
 a succession of flat domes. These will be 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 treated in fresco, using a dead gold finish, and 
 the under parts of the rotunda will be painted 
 an old ivory tint, with the ornamental panels and 
 plaster decorations picked out with gilt. The 
 chambers of the Council and House of Delegates 
 are wainscoted fifteen feet high, above which is 
 a wide plain belt of plaster, which is to be 
 painted a flat tint of old ivory. Above this belt 
 is an elaborate frieze of plaster, the ornaments 
 of which are picked out with gilt. All the 
 above decorations will be done in the style of 
 Louis XIV. All the walls above the marble 
 wainscoting and the ceilings of offices are 
 frescoed in flat tones. The cost of the building 
 and the internal decorations, w'ith the furniture, 
 will exceed $l,r)()0,000 and may approximate 
 $2,000,000. 
 
 Another event of special 
 ELECTRIC . ^ r ■ ■ 
 
 importance from a munici- 
 STREET LlGMTim. ^^^ standpoint during Mr. 
 Noonan's administration was the lighting of the 
 city streets and alleys by electricity. St. Louis 
 was the first city in the United States to illumi- 
 nate its alleys throughout by electric light, and 
 it was really the first city in the world to make 
 arrangements for lighting the whole of its 
 streets in the same way. It is scarcely neces- 
 sary to speak of the earliest attempts to light 
 the streets of St. Louis. In 1837 the State 
 Legislature authorized the St. Louis Gas Light 
 Company to erect works for lighting St. Louis 
 and suburbs with gas. The charter was amended 
 in 1839 and again in 1845, but the clause in the 
 charter which was first taken advantage of was 
 the one which authorized the company to do a 
 banking business. In 1816 a contract was en- 
 tered into between the city and the company, 
 and in November, 1847, the city was first lighted 
 with gas. For fort>-three years gas lamps held 
 undisputed sway in St. Louis, but in the year 
 1889 a new department was added to the city 
 government, under the management of a super- 
 visor of city lighting. The contracts with the 
 gas companies expired on January 1, 1890, on 
 which day the alleys were for the first time 
 lighted throughout by means of the incandes- 
 cent system. The electric company which had 
 
 the contract for arc lights for the streets was 
 not ready to commence on the same date, but 
 on May 1st the entire city was lighted by elec- 
 tricity. 
 
 During the early part of 1890 there were 
 erected 1,.JJ2 arc lights for the streets, 1,4(52 
 incandescent lights for the alleys, and 3,442 in- 
 candescent lights for public buildings. The 
 work was rapidly increased, and early in 1891 
 3.j(j miles of streets and 81 miles of alleys were 
 thoroughly illuminated by electricity. To dc 
 this more than 2,000 arc lights were required, 
 and about 5,000 incandescent lights were in use 
 in the alleys and in public buildings. The sys- 
 tem has since been largely increased, and St. Louis 
 is certainly the best lighted city on the conti- 
 nent to-day. 
 
 During the last eight or ten years great prog- 
 ress has been made with the laying of puljlic 
 sewers, and St. Louis, in addition to beinr 
 favored with good streets and excellent lighting, 
 has also a sewerage system which has conducec 
 largely to the preservation of health and the 
 general comfort of the inhabitants. The Mil! 
 Creek Valley forms not only an excellent means 
 of entrance for the railroads from the west, but 
 also an unsurpassed center for a sewerage S)-s- 
 tem. The Mill Creek sewer is the largest in the 
 world, and it receives and discharges into the 
 Mississippi river from the southern portion ol 
 the city the sewerage and strong water of an 
 area comprising 12,300 acres. The rapid growth 
 of the city in every direction has made it neces- 
 sary to lay off new sewer districts and to carrj' 
 on an immense quantity of new work, but the 
 demand has been fairly kept up Avith and there 
 are now in the city nearly 400 miles of public 
 and district sewers, with some twenty or thirty 
 additional miles constructed every year. 
 
 The city's finances are in a verv 
 
 MUNICIPAL , 1^1 T..- T^i 1 1 1 
 
 healthy condition. The bonded 
 
 FINANCES. ^^^^^^ Qjj ,^p^;j jy^j^^ j,^f,2, was 
 
 $21,524,(;80, which was reduced duringthe year 
 bv about S 150,000.* Of this sum $135,000 was 
 
 *Since the above was written the bonded indebtedness 
 has been stiU further reduced, aud uow amounts to about 
 $21,200,000. 
 
SC K 1. 1 A AD VANTA GES. 
 
 115 
 
 funiished by the sinking fund, and more than 
 U?jOOO by premiums on the four per cent renewal 
 3onds, which were placed in London. These 
 jonds, redeemable in twenty years and bearing in- 
 ;erestat four per cent, were placed at 8101.1"), and 
 luring this year ( l.S'JS) bonds of similar cliarac- 
 :erto the extent of $1,250,000 were placed in 
 London at par. This latter transaction was, 
 :aking into account the condition of the money 
 narket, even a greater achievement than that of 
 1<S92, and shows clearly how the credit of St. 
 Louis stands abroad. The total reduction in 
 ;he bonded debt within the last five years has 
 imouuted to over $(500,000, and the annual in- 
 terest charges have been reduced during that 
 period from $1,131, 01*9 to less thau $1,000,000. 
 
 The credit of New St. Louis is shown b)- the 
 rapid decrease in the interest it is compelled to 
 pay on its debt. In 1888 the interest paid 
 varied from seven to four per cent, and averaged 
 nearly six per cent. The average in 1889 was 
 five per cent, and now it is about four and a half 
 per cent. The city taxation is at the rate of 
 forty cents per $100 for the payment of debt and 
 interest, and varies from one dollar to si.xty cents 
 for general purposes. Considering the immense 
 amount of new public work made necessary by 
 the city's growth and now actually in hand, the 
 rate of taxation is exceedingly low, and may be 
 mentioned as one of the inducements offered to 
 manufacturers and others on the lookout for a 
 location. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 SOCIAL ADVANTAGES.* 
 
 A CLEAN BILL OF HEALTH AND ITS CAUSES.-EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES.-ART.-LIBRARIES.— 
 
 CHURCHES.-MUSIC.-THEATERS.-CLUBS.-HOTELS.-BENCH AND BAR.- 
 
 MEDICAL.-JOURNALISM. 
 
 Nb;W ST. LOUIS is a cosmopolitan city, 
 not only in regard to its population, but 
 also in the matter of its achievements. 
 If this history has accomplished its pur- 
 (gN pose, it has established the fact that 
 New St. Louis is one of the most im- 
 jortant manufacturing centers in the world; that 
 t is the center of the most fertile region in Amer- 
 ca; that its railroad facilities are unsurpassed 
 Lud in many respects unapproached; that it has 
 he best rapid transit street car service in America; 
 hat its financial institutions are absolutely be- 
 •ond suspicion and reproach; that it has prac- 
 ically reconstructed itself by wholesale building 
 
 *The reader is also referred to the Chapters on Mu- 
 licipal .\chievements and on New Buildings. Only those 
 ocial advantages not included in preceding chapters are 
 Lealt with here. 
 
 and rebuilding, and that in municipal matters 
 generally it has been the pioneer in almost 
 countless reforms and improvements. The 
 space allotted for a historical sketch of New 
 St. Louis has already been exceeded, but the 
 subject cannot be left without a passing refer- 
 ence to the social advantages, which are quite as 
 conspicuous as those of a strictly mercantile and 
 financial character. The city has fully appreci- 
 ated the philosophy contained in the couplet: 
 
 111 fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, 
 Where wealth accumulates, and men decay. 
 
 Hence it has not overlooked movements which 
 are calculated rather to make men healthy and 
 wise than strictly wealthy; and a large measure 
 of success has attended the efforts thus made. 
 There are still many reforms needed, and it 
 
116 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 would be idle to attempt to argue that New 
 St. Louis is a model city. At the same time it 
 compares most favorably with any other large 
 city in the world, and although the pessimist is 
 always abroad, many of his complaints and 
 laments result rather from the expectation of the 
 impossible, than any serious neglect or omission. 
 We have already seen that St. Louis is the 
 healthiest large city in the world. Various 
 causes have combined to curtail its death-rate 
 and to give it a clean bill of health. In the 
 first place, the location of the city is favorable in 
 the extreme. Scientists have of late derived 
 much satisfaction from calling attention to the 
 fact that the Mississippi river runs up hill, its 
 source being nearer the earth's center than its 
 mouth. If this is so, all the hill-climbing is 
 done before St. Louis is reached, because the 
 city directrix is 412 feet higher than the mean 
 tide-mark of the Gulf of Mexico. The city is 
 built on rising ground averaging many feet 
 higher than the directrix, and hence although 
 St. Louis cannot be described as a mountain 
 city, it is certainly not a lowland town. 
 Its climate is delightful in the extreme, the 
 friendly shelter of mountains and hills pro- 
 tects it from cyclones and other dangerous wind 
 storms, and its location seems to guarantee to it 
 immunity from the intense heat of the South 
 and bitter cold of the North. The mean tem- 
 peratures for the last half century are eighty de- 
 grees for July, seventy-six degrees for August, 
 and thirty-one degrees for January. The max- 
 imum temperature for a year rarely exceeds 
 ninety-five, and very seldom approaches a hun- 
 dred. The average daily maximum for July, the 
 hottest month in the year, has been about eighty- 
 eight during the last six or eight years; while the 
 average minimum for the same month has been 
 about eighteen degrees lower. It is important to 
 bear these figures in mind, because during ex- 
 ceptionally warm spells a great deal is apt to be 
 said alx)ut excessive heat, although it is a 
 remarkable fact that the maximum temperature 
 of St. Louis for a year is generally lower than 
 that of cities some hundreds of miles further 
 north, just as the minimum temperature is gen- 
 
 erally higher than that recorded for cities nuich 
 more southern. In other words, the climate of 
 St. Louis, as a rule, is equable and healthy, and 
 as a health resort the city is entitled to more 
 than a passing word of praise. 
 
 The health of the city has 
 also been maintained by the 
 
 GOOD WATER 
 AND PURE AIR. 
 
 excellence of the water supply. 
 Efforts which can only be described as superhu- 
 man have been made from time to time to show 
 that St. Louis water is contaminated and unfit 
 for drinking purposes. These efforts have been 
 crowned with uniform and signal failure, and the 
 fact has also been established that in the rare 
 event of an epidemic the greatest suffering is 
 always in houses which depend for their water 
 supply on cisterns and wells. Even now, over- 
 taxed as are the water-works, the supply of 
 water is more than satisfactory, and when the 
 new settling-tanks and filter-beds are in opera- 
 tion, St. Louis will have a water supply as good 
 as that of any large city in the world and above 
 the possibility of suspicion. 
 
 Like all manufacturing cities, St. Louis suffers 
 from the emission into the air of large volumes 
 of what is known to the law as "dense black" 
 and "thick gray smoke." A writer in the 
 Nc7v England Alagasine ior '^anvLaxy, 1892, says 
 that " within ten years the temporary and ex- 
 asperating evil of smoke from bituminous coal 
 will be in a great part removed." The writer 
 overlooked the fact that Old St. Louis has given 
 place to New, and although only two years have 
 elapsed since the able article from which the ex- 
 tract is taken was written, the smoke nuisance 
 has already been very largely remedied and re- 
 moved. Too much credit can scarcely be accorded 
 the Citizens' Smoke Abatement Association for 
 its work in this direction. The leading spirits in 
 the movement, to which reference has already 
 been made, have been Messrs. L. D. Kingsland, 
 Clark H. Sampson, Samuel M. Kennard, A. D. 
 Brown, E. D. ]\Ieier, C. H. Huttig, and other 
 manufacturers and merchants, while Prof. W. 
 B. Potter, one of the best known mining en- 
 gineers and metallurgists in the United States, 
 has lent to the movement the knowledge gained 
 
SOCIAL ADl'AXTAGES. 
 
 117 
 
 by many years' experimenting and testing. The 
 first step taken by the association was to satisfy 
 itself that smoke can be abated, even when bi- 
 tuminous coal is used, without the slightest 
 hindrance to manufacture or commerce. This 
 fact being finally established, it obtained leg- 
 islation and inaugurated a canvass of the smoke- 
 reducing plants of the city. Excluding hotels 
 and private houses, several hundred offenders 
 were listed, and moral suasion was brought to 
 bear to prevail upon these to put in smoke- 
 abatement devices without waiting for legal pro- 
 ceedings. 
 
 Already more than 500 grossly offending 
 chimneys have ceased to deluge the air with 
 smoke, and of the first 200 cases in which no- 
 tice of prosecution was given, 195 secured a 
 continuance, or rather a postponement, by pro- 
 ducing satisfactory evidence that they had either 
 abated the smoke or signed contracts to enable 
 them to do so. Other experiments are being 
 made with coke and smokeless coal; and al- 
 though, as previously remarked, it is scarcely to 
 be expected that St. Louis will ever be abso- 
 lutely free from smoke, it is certain that long 
 before the ten years aforesaid have expired, the 
 city's attractiveness and healthiness will have 
 been increased by the reduction of what has 
 hitherto been almost a scandal, to nothing more 
 than a sentimental grievance. 
 
 During the New St. Louis pe- 
 riod great progress has been made 
 
 THE CITY'S 
 PARKS. 
 
 n the laying out and improving 
 of the city parks. Thanks to the forethought 
 of legislators in years gone by, the city has a 
 better devised park system than that of any 
 large city in the world. There are upwards of 
 2,000 acres reserved for breathing grounds, and 
 the best possible use is made of them. Forest 
 Park, consisting of 1,371 acres, was purchased 
 in 1874, and during the last few years it has 
 been made far more attractive by the addition 
 of a zoological department, while at the present 
 time the project of raising a private fund for the 
 erection of a museum in it is being seriously dis- 
 cussed. The financial stringency of 1S!I3 has 
 naturally retarded the enterprise, but New vSt. 
 
 Louis has never been known to fail in good 
 work of this character, and there seems no doubt 
 that in the early fixture the project will materi- 
 alize satisfactorily. The eastern portion of 
 Forest Park is laid out with delightful drive- 
 ways, while the western portion is less culti- 
 vated and possesses rural charms very attractive 
 to the visitor. 
 
 Tower Grove Park, consisting of some 266 
 acres, is a more highly improved recreation 
 ground. It is not only a favorite driveway, but 
 it has some magnificent statues, presented to 
 the city by Air. Henry Shaw. These include 
 the first bronze statue of Columbus ever erected 
 in this country, and also other works of art of a 
 costly and attractive nature. Adjoining Tower 
 Grove Park is the jNIissouri Botanical Garden, 
 known generally as Shaw's Garden, which was 
 laid out by the deceased millionaire and be- 
 queathed by him to the city. The garden cov- 
 ers a space of about fifty acres, and is regarded 
 as one of the finest botanical gardens in the 
 world, attracting visitors from all sections. It 
 was laid out without regard to expense, and is so 
 richly endowed that it will be preserved for all 
 time to come in its present magnificence. Its 
 principal features are the main turf walk to the 
 conservatory, the statue of Victor)-, the mauso- 
 leum containing Henry Shaw's remains, the 
 grand parterre, ornamented with flower-beds and 
 statuary, the lotus ponds, water-lily ponds and 
 show of water plants, the lodge for the garden 
 pupils, a grand display of cacti, palms and 
 exotics, the Linnean house, the summer house 
 in the fruticetum, the willow pond in the arbo- 
 retum grove and herbaceous grounds, the late 
 residence of Henry Shaw in the garden, the 
 grape arbor in the fniticetum, and labyrinth. 
 
 The other city parks include recreation grounds 
 in every section of the city, easily accessible by 
 street cars. They are not described at any 
 length here, because most of them were acquired 
 before New St. Louis commenced to assert its 
 influence and displace the old regime. For the 
 same reason but a passing tribute can be paid to 
 the police department, wliich is admitted to be 
 one of the most efficient in the country,or to the 
 
118 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 fire department, which has no rival, and which 
 has won praise from the chiefs of departments vis- 
 iting St. Lonis from cities in almost every section 
 of the world. 
 
 In edncational 
 matters New St. 
 
 WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 
 AND ITS WORK. 
 
 Lonis has been as 
 conscientionsly active as in those relating to 
 wealth, health and comfort. It is a pleasing 
 characteristic of the West that, no matter how 
 rapid or spasmodic the growth of cities has been, 
 the rights of the rising generation, in the matter 
 of educational facilities, have never been over- 
 looked. This has been the case in a most 
 marked degree in St. Lonis, where the growth 
 of the school system has fully kept pace with 
 the phenomenal advance in other directions. 
 The grandest educational institution in the 
 city is the Washington University, which 
 ranks among the very best colleges in the 
 country. The charter under which the uni- 
 versity was operated was signed by the gov- 
 ernor of the State in 1853, on Washington's 
 birthday. In the charter the institution thus 
 formed was described as the Eliot Seminary, and 
 later the name was changed to O' Fallon In- 
 stitiite. The constitution declared that the 
 institution should comprise a collegiate depart- 
 ment, a female seminary, a practical and scien- 
 tific department, an industrial school, and such 
 other departments as the board of directors 
 might determine. It was also very discreetly 
 ordained that there should be no instruction 
 sectarian in religion or partisan in politics, and 
 that no sectarian or partisan test should be used 
 in the selection of professors or officers of the 
 institute. It was specially desired by the sev- 
 enteen men who formed the first board of direct- 
 ors that the university should be known In' the 
 name of the first president, but Dr. Eliot ob- 
 jected strongly, and after considerable wavering 
 the board adopted his view and the university 
 was given the name by which it always has 
 been known during its forty years of extreme 
 usefulness. 
 
 Dr. Eliot outlived nearly all of his colleagues 
 on the original board of directors, remaining 
 
 president of that body until the year 1887, when 
 his illustrious career was terminated by death. 
 It is probable that if a vote could be taken on 
 the question, a majority of the inhabitants of 
 St. Louis would favor the name being changed 
 back to the original appellation. The name 
 "Washington" has been so largely adopted 
 throughout the country for various purposes 
 that it does not retain sufficient distinctive qual- 
 ities to be a proper name for a large university 
 in a central western city. There has, however, 
 been little agitation of late on the question of 
 name, the more important question of the possi- 
 bility of having to move further west in order 
 to obtain more accommodation, having received 
 more attention at the hands of the directors. 
 The university is at present located on Wash- 
 ington avenue at the summit of the first hill 
 above the actual bluffs. The southern wing of 
 the building and the chemical laboratory were 
 erected in 1855, and about the same time the 
 Polytechnic Building was erected on the corner 
 of Seventh and Chestnut streets for further 
 work in connection with the university, espe- 
 cially in its industrial department. The Poly- 
 technic Building still stands, though it has 
 passed out of the hands of educational directors 
 and is now occupied by the Real Estate Ex- 
 change and by real estate firms. At a compar- 
 atively early date the building is likely to be 
 torn down and replaced by a more lofty and 
 more modern structure, better adapted for the 
 purposes of connnerce and finance. 
 
 The Polytechnic Building was nearly nine 
 years in erection, and its final cost, including 
 the site, was $400,000. In the meantime the 
 outbreak of the war had hampered the univer- 
 sity's finances, and the institution found itself in 
 debt with a building on its hands entirely un- 
 suited for the purpose for which it was con- 
 structed. In l<S(i.S the Iniilding was sold to tlie 
 St. Louis Board of Education for $280,000, and 
 with the money thus obtained the university 
 proper began to make up for the time lost by 
 the war and the mistake made in the designs of 
 the Polytechnic. Mr. William Chouvenat was 
 then chancellor, and during his administration 
 
SOCIAL ADVANTAGES. 
 
 119 
 
 the university made great progress. The jMary 
 Institute, organized in LS.")!), had already been 
 established on a firm footing, and the Poly- 
 technic School, with technical courses in engi- 
 neering and chemistry, was formed. In 1870 
 Chancellor Chouvenat died, and Dr. Eliot as- 
 sumed the duties of chancellor as well as presi- 
 dent. He lived to see the dream of his j'outh 
 very largely carried out. The Swift Academy 
 became separated from the undergraduate depart- 
 ment and was established in a building of its own. 
 The Manual Training School, admitted to be 
 one of the finest of its class in the world, was 
 established on a firm footing, and has since 
 attained popularity which has made it more 
 than famous. The St. Louis ^ledical School is 
 one of the many branches of the university; 
 and by the will of Henry Shaw a school of 
 botany has been endowed with facilities for 
 studying botany unexcelled in any institution in 
 the world. As already stated, Dr. Eliot died in 
 bS,S7. He was succeeded by Mr. G. E. Leigh- 
 ton as president, and by Prof. W. S. Chapman 
 as chancellor. There are between 1,.")()U and 
 1,()U0 students enrolled in the university, and 
 there is every probability of a scheme material- 
 izing at an early date whereby the institution 
 will move out in the suburbs and build for itself 
 a larger home, more suitable in every way for 
 the carryingoutof the great work inaugurated by 
 some of St. Louis' greatest men forty years ago. 
 The Washington Observatory in connection 
 with the university is one of the most impor- 
 tant in the world. It gives time, to use the 
 technical expression, to thousands of public, 
 railroad and other clocks, regulating the official 
 time and correcting it to actual time over a larger 
 area than any other observatory iu the world, 
 with the single exception of that of Greenwich, 
 near London, England, from which the degrees 
 of longitude are calculated. 
 
 The School of Fine Arts in 
 connection with the university 
 has its home i n a very appropriate 
 and attractive building situated 
 at Eighteenth and Locust streets. A history 
 of the early struggles of art and artists in this 
 
 THB MUSEUM 
 
 Fl.SE ARTS. 
 
 city would be of great interest, but it is impossi- 
 ble to handle it iu this place in a manner satis- 
 factory to experts. Just before the war the 
 Western Academy of Arts was established, with 
 Mr. Henry T. Blow as its first president. The 
 outbreak of hostilities put a stop to the career 
 of the academy, and it was not until 1872 that 
 another attempt was made. In the latter year 
 the Art Society was established, with Mr. 
 Thomas Richeson as president. By this society 
 many of the unique specimens on view in the 
 reading-room of the Public Library were col- 
 lected and donated. The society ceased to have 
 any practical influence after 1878. In 1877 the 
 St. Louis Sketch Club was established, and in 
 1878 Mrs. John D. Henderson formed and opened 
 a school of design. 
 
 In 1881 the School of Fine Arts in connection 
 with Washington University was finally estab- 
 lished, in pursuance of the plan originally de- 
 termined upon by the founders of the institution. 
 Prior to this date the School of Fine Arts had 
 been announced, but the year 1881 saw it located 
 in a permanent home. On the lOtli of Ma)', 
 1881, ]\Ir. Wa\-man Crow, than whom a more 
 loyal St. Louisan never lived, donated to the 
 university the magnificent structure known as 
 the St. Louis Museum of Fine Arts. When this 
 home for the preservation of the beautiful was 
 constructed, Lucas place, as it was then called, 
 was exclusively a residence locality. Since then 
 its name has been changed to Locu.st street, and 
 factory after factory has been erected on its 
 frontage lines. In the midst of these monu- 
 ments to commercial progress the museum 
 stands out in bold relief as an exponent of an 
 entirely different idea, and also a different style 
 of architecture. The auditorium will seat nearly 
 1,000 people, and the fi\e galleries are graced 
 with many works of art which would have been 
 lost to St. Louis but for the princely generosity 
 of Mr. Wayman Crow and the zeal of those who 
 have watched over the museum with almost 
 tender solicitude. Prof. Halsey C. Ives, who 
 has been connected with art movements in 
 St. Louis for many years, is now at work on a 
 project of far greater magnitude than any he has 
 
120 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 yet identified himself with, and students and 
 lovers of art will have no cause to consider 
 themselves neglected or overlooked. 
 
 The influence of Washington University and 
 the numerous institutions connected with it has 
 been of immense value to St. Louis in every 
 way. Mention has been made in the mercantile 
 chapters of this work of the importance of ce- 
 menting the relations between St. Louis and the 
 Spanish-American republics. This work is be- 
 ing done, not only by the agency of St. Louis 
 business men and their representatives traveling 
 throughout the countries named, but also by the 
 education of quite a large number of Mexican 
 young men at Washington University. Al- 
 though there are no arrangements for students 
 to board in the institution, a very large number 
 of non-resident students are al\va>s enrolled, 
 and these find convenient board accomnaodation 
 close to the great seat of learning. Among the 
 prominent business and professional men of St. 
 Louis a singularly large percentage graduated 
 from the University on Washington avenue, and 
 this is also the case of many of the leading men 
 of Missouri and adjoining States. The exact 
 location of the future home of the university is 
 in doubt at the present time, but its future is 
 assured. No institution of St. Louis has done 
 more to make the city famous and respected. 
 
 The public school system 
 of St. Louis ranks among 
 
 THE PUBLIC 
 SCHOOL SYSTEM. 
 
 the very best in the world. 
 At the Columliian Plxposition exhibits from these 
 schools obtained eleven highest awards, and the 
 exhibits attracted so much attention that a large 
 number of visitors to the Fair, including officials 
 from several States, visited St. Louis before 
 returning to their homes for the express purpose 
 of familiarizing themsehes with the methods 
 which had so excited their admiration. The 
 triumph at the World's Fair was by no means a 
 surprise to those who have taken an interest in 
 the St. Louis schools, because the city has been 
 looked upon for years as the pioneer in advanced 
 studies for the masses, and the St. Louis system, 
 as it is frequently called, has been adopted by a 
 large number of the best cities in the country. 
 
 Without attempting a detailed history of the rise 
 and progress of the public schools of St. Louis it 
 may be said that their earliest triumphs were 
 achieved during the administration of Dr. Wm. 
 T. Harris, who was for twenty years connected 
 with our public schools, and who has since made 
 an international reputation as United States edu- 
 cational commissioner. His work in connection 
 with the public schools was of the noblest possi- 
 ble character, and the excellent plan that he 
 formulated and popularized, has not been mate- 
 rially varied since he left the city. 
 
 The chief difficulty with which his successors 
 have had to contend, has been in the rapid 
 increase in the number of applicants for admis- 
 sion. In 1875 there were fifty-six school-houses 
 in St. Louis, with about 30,000 seats. In 1881 
 the number of houses had increased to 103, and 
 the accommodation to a little over 42,000. In 
 the last days of Old St. Louis, the sitting accom- 
 modation of the public schools was about 4j,000, 
 which was increased very rapidly to 50,000, 
 which was the return in the early part of 1889. 
 In 1890 there were 111 school-houses with 51,645 
 seats. In 1891 additions to the existing schools 
 provided accommodation for nearly 2,000 more 
 scholars, and in 1892 the opening of new 
 schools increased the seats to nearly 57,000. At 
 the present time the demand for new schools is 
 being met as rapidly as possible, and during the 
 first quarter of the school year 1893-94, the 
 attendance reached 61,252, an increase of 3,400 
 on the preceding quarter. Despite the efforts of 
 the authorities, 3(35 children were unable to find 
 sitting accommodation at the schools when the 
 last report was issued, and although work is 
 being continued in school building and enlarge- 
 ment, the number of children grows so rapidly 
 that great difficulty is experienced in keeping 
 up with the demand. 
 
 It will be observed that during the last twenty 
 years the accommodation has been more than 
 doubled, notwithstanding the fact that during 
 that period a very large number of very excel- 
 lent private schools have been established. 
 Even during the New St. Louis era there has 
 been an increase in school attendance of more 
 
S0C/.4L ADVANTAGES. 
 
 121 
 
 FROM KI.XDERGARTEN 
 
 TO 
 
 THE 'HIOH." 
 
 than thirtv-three per cent. It now costs more 
 than $1,()OU,000 a year in teachers' salaries alone 
 to maintain the teachers' staff; and it is notorious 
 that St. Louis pays a higher grade of salaries 
 for teachers than any other city, the desire be- 
 ing to obtain the best possible tuition for chil- 
 dren. The salaries range as high as $o,()()() a 
 year, and the system of advancement as a re- 
 ward of merit has had the effect of keeping the 
 best teachers in the city, and encouraging tal- 
 ented instructors from every point to come to 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Commencing with the 
 youngest children, refer- 
 ence may be made to 
 the kindergarten classes, 
 at which the attendance exceeds 5,000. Kin- 
 dergartens are established in nearly all the dis- 
 trict schools, and it is about twenty years since 
 the experiment was commenced. The kinder- 
 garten, as found in St. Louis, is not a nursery, 
 but is an attempt to instruct the little people in 
 necessar}- study, and to lay the foundation of the 
 education they will require in later years. Froe- 
 bel's idea was to develop in each child the germ 
 of intelligence, and the leading fundamental 
 principle of his method is developed. " I see 
 in every child," said he, "the possibilities of a 
 perfect mind;" and this is the underlying prin- 
 ciple of the kindergarten course in the St. Louis 
 schools. The adoption of games makes it pos- 
 sible to accomplish the object without difficulty; 
 and this is done with invariable success. The 
 child is not only taught to distinguish between 
 the colors and the different letters, figures and 
 words, but it is also instructed in manners and 
 polite habits, and to practice the etiquette and 
 amenities of polite life. Prof. Long, who is now 
 superintendent of the schools, entered very 
 heartily into the spirit of his eminent predeces- 
 sor, and the interest Mr. Long takes in the kin- 
 dergarten department is largely responsible for 
 the high state of efficiency which has been 
 maintained. 
 
 Children enter the kindergarten class at six, 
 though they are often found as young as five. 
 The age at which they enter upon other depart- 
 
 ments necessarily varies, but it is found that the 
 influence of this early tuition remains through- 
 out their entire educational period. The enroll- 
 ment in the kindergarten schools now exceeds 
 8,000, and it has been suggested frequently that 
 a change should be made in the law so as to let 
 the children commence at four, instead of six. 
 Forty-five schools have kindergartens connected 
 with them, in six of which the children are al- 
 lowed to attend all day, while in the remainder 
 the children attend half a day only and thus 
 increase the number of children able to obtain 
 education in this preliminary' but important 
 branch. 
 
 In the intermediate and higher grades, a high- 
 class education, fully equal to that obtained in 
 comparatively costly academies and colleges is 
 given. It is the desire and policy of the School 
 Board that every pupil shall pass right through 
 the course of study from the Kindergarten to 
 the High, but when owing to accident or other- 
 wise, a child has to leave school after passing 
 through the early grades, he can fill a position 
 often nearly as well as his more fortunate broth- 
 ers. In addition to a full course in reading, 
 writing, arithmetic and national history, each 
 child has the benefit of a complete system of 
 calisthenics and enlightened control of discipline, 
 and a comprehensive arrangement of those lines 
 of instruction indispensable to people who have 
 to make their own way in life. As in all manu- 
 facturing cities, the children are apt to leave 
 school at too early an age, and one of the difficul- 
 ties which has beset not only Prof. Harris, but 
 also his successors, is how to crowd a full course 
 of training which ought to occupy eight or ten 
 years into five or six. Difficult as the task 
 necessarily appears, it has been accomplished 
 with great success, and the teachers deserve 
 great credit for their triumphs in this direction. 
 For those who are compelled to leave school 
 prematurely, an excellent system of night 
 schools is in operation, and some of the very 
 best business colleges in the United States en- 
 able young men and ladies to put the finishing 
 strokes to what may be termed a commercial 
 training. 
 
122 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 The Normal and the High schools are uni- 
 versities in everj'thing but name, and those who 
 are fortunate enough to be able to graduate from 
 either can hold their own in almost any com- 
 pany. A vSt. Louis Normal diploma gives an 
 applicant for a teacher's position exceptional 
 advantage over his or her competitors, and many 
 of the most successful principals in the country 
 graduated from this favored city. There is 
 also a Normal school for colored children who 
 desire to adopt teaching as a profession; and edu- 
 cation's good influence is felt in every class and 
 by all people. 
 
 In addition to the ad- 
 
 PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS 
 AND COLLEOES. 
 
 mirable public schools 
 of the city, St. Louis 
 has a parochial school system which does ex- 
 cellent work. The city has grown so rapidly 
 that the financial resources of the Board of Edu- 
 cation have been taxed to the uttermost to keep 
 pace with the growth in the number of children 
 of school age, and were it not for the fact that 
 the parochial schools take care of more than 
 20,000 children, and give them a high-class 
 education, it would have been impossible to 
 make both ends meet. The Catholic population 
 of St. Louis has not neglected its duty towards 
 the rising generation, and the amount of money 
 it has raised for the maintenance of parochial 
 schools reflects the greatest credit upon its sin- 
 cerity and liberality. 
 
 There are more than forty parochial schools, 
 employing nearly 200 teachers, and the average 
 attendance is between 22,000 and 23,000. When 
 parents are in a position to pay, a small tuition 
 fee is charged, but a large percentage of the 
 children are taught entirely free of charge. The 
 teachers in the Catholic schools are taken from 
 the ranks of tlie Christian Brothers, Sisters of 
 Charity, Sisters of Mercy, and the members of 
 various orders, and they are hence excep- 
 tionally competent in the performance of their 
 duties. The parochial school buildings are of 
 an improved character, and are generally well 
 ventilated and appointed. Children are received 
 between the ages of six and fifteen, and when 
 they have graduated they have an opportunity 
 
 of entering one or another of the numerous 
 Catholic colleges in the city. 
 
 Without attempting to give a list of these col- 
 leges and universities, one or two must be men- 
 tioned as deserving of special praise. The 
 Christian Brothers' College is perhaps the most 
 prominent. The Christian Brothers came here 
 from France nearly half a century ago and 
 established themselves at Eighth and Cerre 
 streets. With the birth of New St. Louis the 
 Brothers went west and purchased a ten-acre 
 tract at the corner of Easton avenue and King's 
 Highway, where they erected a building oi 
 brick and stone, designed in the shape of a cross, 
 consisting of a central edifice and four Avings. 
 It has a frontage of 370 feet, a depth of 200 
 feet and an elevation of 110 feet. In the centei 
 is a fine rotunda 60 feet square. Every modern 
 convenience is provided. Tlie college is a com- 
 uumity in itself, and its location, buildings and 
 grounds are not excelled for educational pur- 
 poses in the Mississippi Valley. It is easily ac- 
 cessible by the Easton a\euue cars from the 
 heart of the city, and is just far enough out tc 
 combine rural and city life. The curriculum 
 comprises preparatory, commercial, collegiate, 
 literary and scientific courses. There are gener- 
 ally from 300 to 400 students at the college, anc 
 a corps of thirty-three professors, all of whon 
 with the exception of three are Christian Broth- 
 ers, is engaged. 
 
 The St. Louis University has been identifiec 
 with St. Louis for nearly seventy years. It wa; 
 originally located in a home constructed in tlu 
 tliirties on what is now known as Ninth anc 
 Christy avenue, but what was then looked upoi 
 as out in the woods. In 18(57 a much more 
 suitable site was purchased on Grand avenuf 
 and Pine street, wdiere there has been erectec 
 one of the grandest educational buildings in the 
 United States. It has the form of a reversed L 
 the base line being on the left instead of tlu 
 right side of the perpendicular. The front oi 
 Grand avenue measures 270 feet, and all tha 
 portion of the building is devoted to colleg( 
 purposes. The resident portion is furthe; 
 west. The immense structure is built of bricl 
 
SOCI.IL AD I 'ANTA GES. 
 
 123 
 
 md stone, and its architectnre is early decorated 
 
 English Gothic. It has a magnificent mnsenni, 
 
 iine laboratory and Iil)rary, and all the adjuncts 
 
 jf a thoroughly equipped college, including a 
 
 ecture-room with seating capacity of 500. The 
 
 :ollege has an attendance of about 350, and its 
 
 nstructors are Jesuit Fathers. 
 
 It would be interesting, if space permitted, to 
 
 mention in detail the various schools and edu- 
 
 :ational institutions of St. Louis; but this 
 
 Deing impossible, the subject must be dismissed 
 
 ivith the statement that few cities in the world 
 
 ire more thoroughly equipped for educational 
 
 purposes than St. Louis. Men can be trained 
 
 :or the highest professions; and the higher 
 
 education of women has been remembered and 
 
 provided for in a manner which disarms criticism 
 
 it the threshold. 
 
 The libraries of St. 
 LIBRARIES, _ . ., 
 
 Louis, if not so nnmer- 
 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE. . ., , 
 
 ous as some of those to 
 
 je found in the older cities of the East, make 
 ip in efficiency and completeness what they 
 lack in numbers. Many of the city's promi- 
 nent men have private lil:)raries of the grandest 
 type, and the city has two public libraries which 
 ire an honor to the municipality and a constant 
 source of profit and entertainment to the stu- 
 dent and searcher after knowledge. The Mer- 
 cantile Library will soon celebrate its semi- 
 centennial. It has now nearly, if not quite, a 
 hundred thousand valuable volumes, although 
 its first report speaks with gratification of the 
 possession of less than two thousand. Under 
 the able management of Mr. John M. Dyer, 
 one of the best librarians the country has seen, 
 the library grew and prospered, and the dream 
 of that gentleman's life was realized some 
 four or five years ago when the new fire-proof 
 ])uildiiig at the corner of Sixth and Locust 
 was erected as a safe home for the priceless 
 treasures owned by the association. A statue of 
 Mr. Dyer in the library serves as a painful re- 
 minder that he died of overwork in connection 
 with ino\ingand rearranging the books in their 
 new home. 
 
 I'orty years ago the library built what was 
 
 then regarded as a very fine hall, which was 
 used for con\-ention purposes again and again. 
 It became out of date with the birth of New St. 
 Louis, and the present building is more in keep- 
 ing with the demands of the times. It is a very 
 handsome six-story building of Romanesque 
 character. The library halls are twenty feet in 
 height, and the arrangements are complete in 
 every detail. 
 
 The Public Library, which in the year 18tl4 
 will be made a free library in the full sense of 
 the term, is a child of the School Board. For 
 many years it was known as the Public School 
 Library, but more recently it has been known as 
 the Public Library, and greater effort has been 
 made to popularize it with the public. It had 
 its home for twenty-five years in the Polytechnic 
 Building, purchased, occupied and finally sold 
 by the School Board after a series of blunders 
 which will be remembered as long as St. Louis 
 remains a city. The library is now located in a 
 lofty building at the corner of Ninth and Locust 
 streets, which has already been described in this 
 work. The number of books on its shelves does 
 not differ materially from that at the Mercantile 
 Library. 
 
 The St. Louis Law Library contains the best 
 collection of legal works to be found in the West. 
 More than twelve thousand volumes of standard 
 legal authors, as well as other works, are to be 
 found, and the records of decisions in different 
 States is complete in the extreme. The libra- 
 ries at the St. Louis and Washington universi- 
 ties have a reputation extending over the entire 
 country; and the Odd Fellows' Library contains 
 a collection of books of inestimable value. 
 
 St. Louis, while it 
 cannot compete with 
 
 CHURCHES AND 
 RELiaiOUS INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Brooklyn for the title 
 of the "City of Churches," is still admirably 
 equipped with religious edifices of all characters 
 and denominations. The gradual tendency of 
 recent years has been to go west, and church 
 after church has found a new location and a new 
 home on the suburban side of Grand avenue. 
 There are now about three hundred churches in 
 St. Louis, man\- o{ them most inagiiificent in 
 
124 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 character. The old Catholic Cathedral on Wal- 
 nut street, between Second and Third, is in a 
 wonderful state of preservation. Its corner-stone 
 was laid sixty-two years ago, and the Cathedral 
 was opened fifty-nine years since. The exterior 
 shows evidences of the ravages of time, but it is 
 still in excellent condition, and the interior is as 
 l)eautiful as ever. When first erected it was by 
 far the finest structure devoted to religious pur- 
 poses west of the Alleghany mountains, and it 
 is still among the most interesting, if not the 
 most magnificent, religious edifices in the coun- 
 try. The interior is divided into a nave and 
 two aisles, the double row of dividing columns 
 being in Doric style and built of brick covered 
 with stucco. 
 
 The Rock Church, or, more properly, vSt. AI- 
 phonsus', on Grand avenue and Finney, is reall\- 
 a second cathedral. It was erected by the Re- 
 demptorist Fathers, many of whom actually 
 performed manual labor on the structure while 
 in course of erection. It is one of the special 
 features of the city to which the attention of 
 visitors is called, and it is one of the most hand- 
 some cathedral churches in the West. 
 
 The Episcopal Cathedral is also a credit to the 
 city. The first parish of the Episcopal Church 
 west of the Mississippi river was organized in 
 LSiy, when the population of St. lyouis was only 
 about 4, ()()(). From that time the Episcopal 
 Church in St. Louis has grown both in the num- 
 ber of its edifices, in its infiuence and in its 
 church membership. In bSd? the present ca- 
 thedral, on Fourteenth and Locust streets, was 
 erected, and al^out five years ago it became the 
 spiritual home of the diocese of Missouri. Aided 
 by a magnificent endowment from an unknown 
 source the church has been placed in a sound 
 financial condition, and subsequently a donation 
 of $15,000 has been made for the purpose of 
 erecting a cathedral home or mission. The 
 conditions of this latter donation have just been 
 fulfilled. 
 
 Among the numerous Episcopalian churches 
 in the city may be mentioned the Holy Com- 
 nnniion, St. George's and vSt. Mark's Memorial 
 and St. Peter's, although this is but a very par- 
 
 SACRED EDIFICES 
 
 WITH 
 
 INTERESTING HISTORIES. 
 
 tial record and does not attempt to particularize. 
 The Presbyterian churches are also numerous. 
 The First Presbyterian Church of St. Louis was 
 the first church of that denomination established 
 west of the Mississippi river. This church was 
 erected in 1825, and has only recently been de- 
 molished. Its successor has its home on Wash- 
 ington avenue and Sarah street, in a much more 
 pretentious building erected five years ago. The 
 Second Presb\terian Church, on Seventeenth and 
 Locust streets, is a comparatively old building, 
 having been erected prior to the war at an ex- 
 penditure of $30,000. It is in an excellent 
 state of preservation, and is looked upon as a 
 very representative church. The same denom- 
 ination has a splendid structure on Grand ave- 
 nue, near Olive street, and a number of othei 
 churches. 
 
 The Alethodist- 
 Episcopal denomina- 
 tion made a splendid 
 showing in a religious 
 census recently taken. The Trinity Church, 
 erected in 1857, and originally known as the 
 Simpson Chapel, holds the record of having 
 been the only Northern Methodist church whicl: 
 held services regularly throughout the war 
 This was not the first church in St. Louis of the 
 denomination, whose record goes back as far as 
 the eighteenth century. The Rev. John Clart 
 preached in St. Louis in 17i^l8, and about twent\ 
 years later the Rev. Jesse Walker established £ 
 Methodist-Episcopal church in the city. This 
 church eventually connected itself with the 
 Southern branch of the denomination. The 
 other Methodist churches in St. Louis include 
 some edifices, not only of great influence, bul 
 also of interest in historical records. Amonc 
 them mav be mentioned the Centenary, at Six- 
 teenth and Pine streets; St. John's, at Locust 
 street and Ewing avenue, and others, some be- 
 longing to the Methodist-Episcopal Church, 
 North, and others to the Methodist-Episcopa' 
 Church, South, both denominations being sup- 
 ported by prominent and influential citizens. 
 
 The Second Baptist Church, on Locust anc 
 Beaumont streets, may be regarded as the home 
 
SOCf.U. AD I ■.LVV.iaES. 
 
 125 
 
 :>{ the earliest Baptist congregation of vSt. Louis. 
 riie present magnificent structure, with its ex- 
 rellent appointments, dates only from l.STH, but 
 :he congregation which worships in it claims 
 much greater antiquity. The Baptists enjoy the 
 lionor of having been the first to build a Prot- 
 estant church in this country west of the Mis- 
 sissippi river, they having completed a sacred 
 edifice near Jackson, in Cape Girardeau county, 
 nearly ninety years ago. The same denomina- 
 iou has in St. Louis a church on Grand avenue 
 It the corner of Washington, and another on 
 ;he same avenue, but much farther north. It is 
 ilso well represented elsewhere in the city. 
 
 The oldest religious Hebrew association in 
 he city is the United Hebrew Congregation, 
 ,vliicli erected a s\nagogue just before the war 
 m Sixth street, between Locust and St. Charles. 
 riie building was subsequently sold and con- 
 /erted into a commercial establishment, the 
 :ongregation moving to Olive and Twenty-first 
 streets. More recently it, or rather members 
 )riginally connected with it, have erected Temple 
 [srael and Shaare Emeth, both known as repre- 
 jcutative and handsome churches. 
 
 The Church of the Messiah, presided over by 
 sue of the ablest orators and writers in the West, 
 -epresents the Unitarian idea in St. Louis. This 
 :hurch was erected in 1879 and 1880, the build- 
 ng being finally dedicated in December, 1881. 
 [n style it is early English Gothic, the blue 
 imestone being relieved by horizontal strands 
 jf sandstone, which material is also used for the 
 ivindow and door trimmings. 
 
 Such is a brief record of the churches con- 
 lected with the leading denominations in St. 
 Louis. All that has been attempted has been 
 ;o show that the social advantages include ample 
 provision for spiritual training. 
 
 The value of good music 
 has been thoroughly appreci- 
 ated in New St. Louis, and the 
 )est of conscientious music as compared with 
 :he purely commercial article is rapidly obtain- 
 ing the appreciation it deserves. The old Phil- 
 lianuouic Society spent several thousand dollars 
 in its efforts to revolutionize nuisic and to send 
 
 \EW ST. LOUIS 
 AND MUSIC. 
 
 out missionaries into the homes, churches and 
 institutions of the city and give a higher tone to 
 instrumental and vocal music generally. 
 
 The Choral Society is more strictly a New 
 St. Louis organization, and it has done splendid 
 work for St. Louis, although it is to be regretted 
 that much of the expense has been borne by 
 private individuals, whose modesty has prevented 
 the public becoming acquainted with the debt it 
 owes them. During the last fourteen years the 
 society has spent sufficient money to bring to 
 St. Louis the very best soloists in the country, 
 and its work has been so successful that the 
 production of the " IMessiah " in Christmas 
 week of 1893, with Miss Emma Juch and other 
 singers of national reputation as soloists, is ex- 
 pected to be one of the finest productions of this 
 great oratorio ever heard in this country. This 
 will be the twelfth production of the ' ' Messiah ' ' 
 in St. Louis; and it is safe to say that for many 
 years to come this magnificent inspiration will 
 be heard in the western and southwestern metrop- 
 olis during Christmas week. The society is 
 educating public tastes so rapidly that it is be- 
 coming self-supporting. In 1891 the sum of 
 $.'),4(i() had to be raised to meet the deficiency 
 caused by the engagement of high-class talent. 
 In the season of 1892-93 the deficit was only 
 $3,600, which was promptly made iip, and the 
 indications are that the season of 1893-9-4 will 
 be about self-supporting. 
 
 The influence of the society has been felt in 
 public institutions of every character. The 
 singing in the churches in St. Louis is now ex- 
 ceptionally fine, and the same may be said of 
 several of the local institutions. In another 
 way the Philharmonic and Choral societies have 
 shown their influence. Old St. Louis had a 
 reputation among advance agents as being an 
 excellent town for concert companies to miss. 
 New St. Louis, thanks largely to the Choral 
 Society, has a very different reputation, for any 
 good company can secure a crowded house. 
 During the thirty days between April 12 and 
 May 12, 1.S93, there were eleven high-class con- 
 certs in St. Louis, and these received the sum of 
 $1."), ()()() as a reward for their excellence. 
 
126 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 THEATERS 
 
 AND 
 
 CONCERT HALLS. 
 
 As an amusement center 
 generally St. Louis has a 
 high reputation. JNIention 
 has already been made of the 
 special attractions provided during the autum- 
 nal festi\al period, and a record has been made 
 of the early struggles of the first theater con- 
 structed in the city. There are now six thor- 
 oughly equipped first-class theaters in the city, 
 with a seating capacity of more than 12,000, 
 independent of the (5,000 seats in the two halls 
 within the Exposition Building. For six sea- 
 sons in succession five of these theaters have 
 been well supported, and the best theatrical tal- 
 ent of the country has been seen at them. St. 
 Louis' patronage has been also liberal enough to 
 attract the best actors of foreign countries tour- 
 ing in America, and the appreciation of high- 
 class histrionic work is proverbial. At the 
 Olympic Theater, on Broadway, opposite the 
 vSoutheni Hotel, Joseph Jefferson, Edwin Booth, 
 Lawrence Barrett and Fanny Davenport may be 
 mentioned among leaders in the profession who 
 have played very successful engagements. The 
 Grand Opera House, is equally popular, and 
 here also some of the greatest performers of the 
 day have been seen. In addition to the best 
 American actors and actresses, such conspicuous 
 figures in the theatrical world of other nations 
 as Sarah Bernhardt and Wilson Barrett have 
 been seen repeatedly. The orchestra of the 
 Cxrand is exceptionally good, and, like the Olym- 
 pic, the theater is first-class in every respect. 
 
 Among the newer bids for the support of the 
 theater-going fraternity may be mentioned the 
 Hagan Opera House, erected about two years 
 ago. The Hagan is a novelty in more ways 
 than one. The construction and plan involved 
 a maximum of common sense and convenience, 
 while the management, in going as far west as 
 Tenth street, showed an ability to read the signs 
 of the times, which subsequent patronage has 
 proved to have been exceedingly valuable. The 
 newest of St. Louis' first-class theaters is the 
 Germania, which is still farther west, being sit- 
 uated at the corner of Fourteenth and Locust 
 streets. Here are represented German plays of 
 
 high character, and the patronage of the house 
 is a tribute to the power of appreciation of the 
 German element in St. Louis' population, an 
 element which has done so much to maintain the 
 stability of the city. 
 
 St. Louis is also exceedingly well cared for in 
 the matter of summer opera. The oldest sum- 
 mer-garden theater in St. Louis is Uhrig's Cave, 
 which dates from six or seven years prior to the 
 war. During the summer evenings light opera 
 is produced here by companies of established 
 reputation, and empty seats are seldom seen. 
 Close to the Cave is the Pickwick Theater, a 
 favorite house of the numerous amateurs of 
 promise of St. Louis. On the south side Schnai- 
 der's Garden, with its commodious and indeed 
 luxurious summer theater, provides entertain- 
 ment for dwellers in the southern wards. The 
 new Sportsman's Park is also so arranged as to 
 make it available for operatic and spectacular 
 performances during the summer evenings. In 
 the southern portion of the city Liederkranz 
 Hall is very popular for high-class entertain- 
 ments, and there are now in course of construc- 
 tion several additions to the entertainment halls 
 and ball-rooms of the city. 
 
 New St. Louis is rich in the 
 extreme in the matter of clubs. 
 
 CLUBS AND 
 CLUB LIFE. 
 
 Of the Commercial, the IMercan- 
 tile and the Noonday clubs mention has already 
 been made. The two latter have been spoken 
 of more in their business or commercial aspects, 
 but thev are also important factors in the society 
 appointments of this great city. Since moving 
 into its new building the Mercantile has carried 
 the war into Africa in a most dexterous manner. 
 From time, the niemor>' whereof man knoweth 
 not, ladies have looked upon clubs as their natural 
 enemies, and have censured their sweethearts 
 and husbands in no mild terms for allowing the 
 luxuries of the smoking and billiard-room to 
 lure them from the fireside in winter, or the 
 front-door step in summer. The directors of 
 the Mercantile, who it is not suggested have 
 been censured in like manner as the immense 
 majority of their fellow-men, decided to disarm 
 the criticism of the ladies by making them, 
 
SOCIAL ADVANTAGES. 
 
 127 
 
 as it were, parliccps criiniuis. To do this, they 
 fitted up hidies' rooms in the most hixurious 
 style, and not only made it admissible for mem- 
 bers to bring their own, or other men's, sisters 
 to the club, but even encouraged them to do so. 
 Hence, the Mercantile Club, in addition to being 
 one of the most influential commercial organiza- 
 tions in the West, is also one of the most de- 
 lightful society and social clubs in the world, as 
 popular with the wives and daughters of mem- 
 bers as most clubs are unpopular. Mr. George 
 D. Barnard, the president of the club, has 
 earned much praise by his able completion of 
 the work of reconstruction which was com- 
 menced and carried on so zealously by his pred- 
 ecessor, "six. J. B. Case. 
 
 The St. Louis Club is luxurious in its appoint- 
 ments, and has an air of exclusiveness about it 
 which is in accordance with the ideal of high- 
 toned club life. Its home is in a magnificent 
 building on the southwest corner of Ewing ave- 
 nue and Locust street, and its four hundred 
 members include representative men of e\ery 
 type which can be regarded as consistent with 
 the requirements of the upper-ten. 
 
 The Fair Grounds Jockey Club has its home 
 inside the Fair Grounds, and is a popular resort, 
 especially in the summer-time. Its membership 
 is very large, and its banqueting hall is taken 
 advantage of frequently for the purposes of en- 
 tertaining strangers. Had a phonograph been 
 inserted in the walls of this hall it could have 
 bottled up enough eloquence to have educated 
 the rising generation from time to time on 
 almost every point of interest and importance. 
 
 The University Club was erected by scholars 
 for scholars, and all the learning and erudition 
 of the city is represented within its walls. Its 
 members can talk in a greater number of lan- 
 guages than the men w-ho commenced to erect 
 the Tower of Babel. Of recent j-ears the quali- 
 fications of members, so far as University gradu- 
 ation is concerned, has been rela.xed, and there 
 are now several members who confess to knowing 
 little Latin and less Greek. The club continues 
 to be a high-toned social organization, popular 
 in the extreme with gentlemen of refined tastes. 
 
 EXCLVSIVE . '^'^^ M.^-^^q^ette Club has 
 
 its home in a very attracti\e 
 ORGANIZATIONS. , ... , -, , 
 
 and suitable building on 
 
 Grand avenue and Pine street. The constitu- 
 tion of the club states that its primary objects 
 are to unite the prominent Catholic gentlemen 
 of St. Louis and vicinity in bonds of social union ; 
 to organize them into a body that shall repre- 
 sent, watch over, vindicate and further Catholic 
 interests; to establish it in an unobjectionable 
 club-house, and by jjlacing the club on a lasting 
 basis to perjDetuate a union of Catholics in the 
 city of St. Louis. The club has carried out its 
 original object very successfully. 
 
 The Harmonie Club was established in the 
 forties by several of the then prominent Hebrew 
 citizens of St. Louis. The club is still some- 
 what of a religious institution, though it is a very 
 high-class social club. It rents a fine building 
 on the corner of Eighteenth and Olive streets, 
 and it is its proud boast that bonds and in- 
 debtedness of any kind are absolutely unknown 
 to the club or its management. The Columbia 
 Club has just completed a verj' handsome build- 
 ing on Lindell boulevard, just west of Vande- 
 venter avenue, in which 13r) members will 
 establish themselves and run a club similar in 
 every respect to the Harmonie. 
 
 The Union Club has a home on the south side, 
 at Lafayette and Jefferson avenues, in which 
 there is crowded more provision for home com- 
 fort than has perhaps ever been seen under one 
 roof before. Every club is established to fill a 
 long-felt want, but few of them have done their 
 work so thoroughly as the Union, which in its 
 new location is a distinct boon to residents 
 on the south side. The new building is quite 
 unique, both externally and internally, and every 
 member is individually proud of it. 
 
 The Liederkranz is also a south side club. 
 It owns a very handsome building on Chouteau 
 avenue and Thirteenth street, and its member- 
 ship of GaO includes some of the most able 
 singers in the citj'. The German element pre- 
 dominates strongly, and there are in addition to 
 large and small entertainment and rehearsal 
 halls, dining-rooms and club apartments of every 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 character. Liederkranz concerts and entertain- 
 ments are always leading social events. 
 
 Only members of the Order of Elks are eligi- 
 ble for the Elks Club, which lias its home in 
 the Hagan Opera Building, on Pine and Tenth 
 streets. There are about a hundred members 
 who make use of the club, both for business and 
 social purposes. Athletics of every description 
 are encouraged by the management, and the 
 club has also a special reputation for hosjDitality, 
 very elegant suppers being tendered to visitors 
 to the city, especially those who ha\e made a 
 reputation elsewhere in their respective pro- 
 fessions. 
 
 There are also several very successful ladies' 
 athletic and c}-cling clubs and semi-religious 
 associations. 
 
 The autumnal festivities 
 attracts so many visitors 
 
 HOTELS AND 
 
 ACCOMMODA TIONS 
 FOR GUESTS. 
 
 that during the fall season 
 the hotel accommodations 
 of St. Louis of recent years have been found 
 scarcely adequate, and in order to increase the 
 facilities for taking care of large carnival and 
 convention crowds, the $2,000,000 hotel al- 
 ready described is being constructed. It will be 
 opened in the course of a few months, and will 
 make the down-town hotel facilities very com- 
 plete. The Southern Hotel, a substantial fire- 
 proof structure, has for many years been re- 
 garded as the leading hotel in the city and 
 among the foremost in the West, its rotunda 
 being one of the most extensi\e in existence. 
 The Lindell Hotel, a few blocks farther north, 
 is another establishment first-class in every re- 
 spect. The Laclede Hotel is looked upon as an 
 ideal family hotel, and is also exceedingly popu- 
 lar with politicians of every shade. The num- 
 ber of caucuses that have l)eeu held in and 
 around it is \ery large, and the hotel manage- 
 ment has a reputation extending from Maine to 
 California for going out of its way to accom- 
 modate individual visitors and delegations in 
 every conceivable manner. Adjoining the La- 
 clede is Hurst's new hotel, another very fine 
 structure; and nearly opposite the Lindell is the 
 Hotel Barnum, a very popular house. 
 
 The tendency to move westward, which has 
 resulted from the rajjid transit facilities, has 
 also been marked in the hotels. A few years 
 ago the idea of first-class hotels west of Twelfth 
 street would have been ridiculed, but now there 
 is on Fortieth street, or Vandeventer avenue, a 
 hotel known as the West End, whose appoint- 
 ments are first-class in every respect, and which 
 is very popular both as a hotel proper and a 
 family boarding-house. On Grand a\-enue the 
 Hotel Beers and Grand Avenue Hotel are further 
 exponents of this western idea; and early in the 
 ensuing spring another very handsome edifice 
 for hotel purposes is to be erected on the same 
 thoroughfare. In the vicinity of the New Union 
 .Station, also far west of what has up to recent 
 years been regarded as out of the way of busi- 
 ness and travel, two and probably three very 
 fine hotels are about to be erected, sites having 
 been obtained for that purpose. WHien they are 
 added to the present hotel equipment of the cit}-, 
 St. Louis will be able to handle a convention 
 crowd of almost any magnitude without the 
 necessity of special bureaus for the placing of 
 guests in boarding-houses and private residences. 
 St. Louis is not a litigious 
 citv, and arbitration for the 
 
 BENCH AND BAR 
 OF ST. LOUIS. 
 
 settlement of commercial dis- 
 putes has always been very popular. There are, 
 however, in the city a large number of lawyers 
 and attorneys who find sufficient employment 
 to yield them good incomes and who display 
 marked ability in the exercise of their profes- 
 sion. The bar of St. Louis to-day knows no 
 superior in the West, and among the gentlemen 
 practicing law there are several whose fame ex- 
 tends to distant points. In the early liiston,' of 
 St. Louis the laws of England, France and Spain 
 were all partly enforced, and there were many 
 conijjlex questions in regard to titles which 
 called for the exercise of the greatest possible 
 care and ingenuity. Those days have passed 
 now, and the business falling into the hands of 
 the attorneys of the city is of an entirely differ- 
 ent nature. On the bench there are to be found 
 many lawyers of exceptional experience, and 
 manv decisions have been made here which 
 
SOCIAL ADWINTAGES. 
 
 129 
 
 lia\-e been reco.a^nized as irreproachable law. 
 Quite recently the city ga\e to the nation for a 
 cabinet office one of its prominent attorneys; 
 and other members of the St. Louis bar have 
 ilistinguished themselves in various parts of the 
 country. In another part of this work there 
 will be found records of the careers of some of 
 :he most prominent members of the St. Louis 
 lar, including sketches of some of the judges 
 >vhose ability and integrity has made them more 
 han famous. 
 
 The Bar Association of St. Louis was estab- 
 ished in 187-1. Col. Thomas T. Gantt was tempo- 
 "ary chairman of the meeting called to "consider 
 ;he propriety and feasibility of forming a bar 
 issociation in the city of St. Louis." A com- 
 nittee of fi\e was appointed, consisting of 
 Mexander Martin, Henry Hitchcock, R. E. 
 R.orabauer, George M. Stewart and Given Camp- 
 bell. The first president was Mr. John R. Shep- 
 ev, who in his first address emphasized the fact 
 hat the object of the association was to "main- 
 ain the honor and dignit}' of the profession of 
 aw, to cultivate social intercourse among its 
 nembers, and for the promotion of legal science 
 md the administration of justice. " It would be 
 lifficult to overrate the good influence of this 
 issociation, or its effect on the tone of the bar 
 md its members. 
 
 St. Louis is such a healthy 
 citv that it is au\thing but a (U)c- 
 
 iOCTORS OF 
 MEDICINE. 
 
 tor's paradise, and the numl)cr 
 )f physicians in the city is not large, when the 
 )opulation is taken into account. Among the 
 )hysicians who have made their home in St. 
 jonis, there are several whose reputation ex- 
 ends beyond the confines of Missouri and Illi- 
 lois, and even beyond the boundaries of the 
 Jnited States. Some of our surgeons are requi- 
 itioned from very distant points, when excep- 
 ionally complicated cases call for exceptional 
 kill; and the city has also specialists who rank 
 o high in the medical world that they are sum- 
 iioned for consultation to cities 1,000 miles dis- 
 ant. It would be interesting to trace the early 
 listory of medicine in the city, but it must suf- 
 ice to say that at the present time nothing is 
 
 NEWSPAPERS 
 
 OF 
 
 NATIONAL INFLUENCE. 
 
 needed in this res])ect, and that all that science 
 and skill can do to ameliorate suffering and to 
 prolong life can be and is done in St. I,ouis. 
 The medical press is well represented, and the 
 medical journal which has the largest circulation 
 in the world is published from this city. 
 
 Almost every known school of medicine is 
 represented, not only by practitioners, but also 
 by medical colleges. The number of these latter 
 is very large, and the work they do in educating 
 and preparing young men for the profession is 
 influential for much good. There are several 
 hospitals in the city, some of them connected 
 with religious and other bodies, and others which 
 are entirely independent and catholic in their 
 work. It is to be regretted that the exigencies 
 of space prevent a detailed description of the 
 hospitals and medical colleges, but such would 
 recjnire an entire volume to even do the subject 
 partial justice. 
 
 The newspapers of 
 St. Louis speak for 
 themseh-es, two, at least, 
 of them having national 
 influence and importance. Following the plan 
 generally adopted in this book, the early history 
 of the newspapers will be but very briefly men- 
 tioned. The Globc-Dcmocrat is probably the 
 best newspaper in the United States west of 
 New York, and it is certainly by far the best 
 newspaper in the country west of New York and 
 south of Chicago. It is the survival of the 
 Clohc and the Doiioci-at, which papers were 
 consolidated in 1875. Two years ago the Globc- 
 Dcmocrat moved into the magnificent building 
 on the corner of Sixth and Pine streets, which 
 it erected for its own home. The building is a 
 model newspaper office in almost every respect, 
 and it has few equals and still fewer superiors in 
 the United States. The policy of the Globe- 
 Democrat politically is Republican, but national 
 affairs are looked upon in a very liberal manner, 
 and measures, rather than parties, are analyzed 
 and discussed from a critical standpoint. Mr. 
 Joseph B. McCullagh is the editor-in-chief of 
 this great newspaper, which, during the eight- 
 een years which have elapsed since its publica- 
 
130 
 
 OLD AXD NEW ST. LOL'IS. 
 
 tion mid^r its present name, has been edited 
 daily under his personal snpervision, the aggre- 
 gate nnmber of days of his absence from the 
 office during that period being about eqnal to 
 the time occupied by the summer vacation of 
 the ordinary professional or business man. The 
 Globc-Dcmocrat is conspicuous for the absence 
 of trumpet-blowing of its own achievements, 
 and when it moved into the "Temple of Truth," 
 th.e only announcement made in its columns of 
 its change of location was included in the single 
 sentence: ' ' We have moved. ' ' 
 
 The early history of the Si. Louis Republic 
 has already been given in these columns. It is 
 now one of the most influential Democratic 
 newspapers in the United States, and although 
 old in years and experience, it is still young in 
 enterprise and vigor. In addition to an excel- 
 lent telegraphic and news service from outside 
 the city, it makes a specialty of local news, 
 which it covers with great accuracy and judg- 
 ment. Since it changed its name and reorgan- 
 ized, its circulation has increased with great 
 rapidity, and the growth of its influence has 
 been quite on a par with its financial boom. 
 
 There are three evening newspapers in St. 
 Louis published in the English language — the 
 Post-Dispatcli., the Star-Sayings and the Chron- 
 icle. The Post-Dispatch is the largest of these, 
 and it publishes a Sunday issue which is really 
 a magazine and compendium of current litera- 
 ture in addition to a first-class newspaper. It 
 is edited by Mr. Florence White, and both the 
 daily and Sunday issues are bright exponents of 
 the New St. Louis idea. 
 
 The Star-Sayings is edited by 'Six. John 
 Magner, an able and conscientious journalist, 
 who has succeeded in largely increasing the in- 
 fluence and importance of the paper. The Star- 
 
 Sayings is enjoying a great renewal of prosperit^^ 
 and makes itself heard on all questions of im 
 portance. 
 
 The Chronicle is the only one-cent daih 
 paper in the city. Its editor, General Hawkins, 
 has completely remodeled and rejuvenated the 
 paper, which is popular in the extreme, and 
 which claims to ha\-e a larger local sale than 
 any other paper published. 
 
 The German papers are almost as prominent 
 as those printed in English. The JVcstliche 
 Post and the Anseiger des IVestens are quoted 
 as authorities in all parts of the L^nited States; 
 and the Anierika, Tribune and Tageblatt ha\-e 
 each their own field to fulfill in a satisfactory- 
 manner. 
 
 The magazine press of St. Louis is less con- 
 spicuous than the daily, and although there are 
 several publications, there are none of sufficient 
 national repute to make a detailed reference to 
 them necessar}-. 
 
 The immense size of the Sunday newspapers 
 and the large amount of space devoted to liter- 
 ary and scientific questions, has made it difficult 
 to establish weekly papers on a paying basis in 
 St. Louis. For many years "iXx^ Spectator ^xos- 
 pered and contributed to local literature a great 
 deal of valuable and interesting matter. Its 
 long career has, however, terminated, and the 
 Sunday Mirror is now* practically in exclusive 
 control of the weekly press. The .^Lirror 
 differs in its make-up and character from any 
 other western publication. It knows neither 
 friend nor foe in its columns, and is original and 
 fearless in its style and policy, supplying, in 
 a way never filled before, a field which ought 
 not to be overlooked in a city of (500,000 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 ♦December, 1S93. 
 
 ^imi^ M^i^m ^^m i^^^^mT^^mM r 
 

 
 <::y^^.:^ 
 
Biographical Appendix. 
 
 INCIDENTS IN THE LIVES OF SOME OF THE MEN WHO HAVE 
 
 HELPED MAKE ST. LOUIS THE METROPOLIS OF THE 
 
 Vv^EST AND SOUTHWEST. 
 
 It would have been 
 not to leave bell 
 
 ter for a man never to have 
 him traces of his existence. 
 
 ved, than 
 
 -NAPOI.KOf 
 
 I •¥ ATTRAL ADVANTACxES ro a lon^way 
 
 % I towards makincr a city .sjreat; but while 
 
 u it is true tliat uo city can rise to uietro- 
 
 1 politan rauk without them, it is equally 
 
 (g\ true that uo substautial progress cau be 
 
 made without the guidauce aud assist- 
 
 iice of men of untiring energy and unques- 
 
 onable integrity. St. Louis has been uniquely 
 
 irtuuate in this respect, for it has ahva\'s had 
 
 L the helm men who have li\ed up to the ])riu- 
 
 iple enunciated by Addison — 
 
 'Tis not in mortals to command success. 
 
 But we'll do more, Sempronius — we'll deserve it. 
 
 The writer of the historical chaj^ters of this 
 ixik has naturally brought out into as lH)ld 
 :lief as po.ssible the greatness of New St. Louis, 
 11(1 in some passages he has perhaps been a trifle 
 ircastic at the expense of Old St. Louis. But 
 le fact remains that the greatness of our favored 
 ity to-day would have been impossible without 
 le foundation-stones laid a generation ago by 
 len we are too apt to look upon as wanting in 
 iiergy and enterprise. The child has to walk 
 efore he can .safely run: aud the methods which 
 re approved in these days of the city's matur- 
 y, would have been out of place and dauger- 
 iis fifty, and even twenty, years ago. Just as in 
 uilding one man constructs the foundation and 
 iiother completes the improvement aud deco- 
 
 ration, so in a cit>- one man makes greatness 
 possible and another attains it. 
 
 New St. Louis' business, financial and profes- 
 sional interests are in the hands of men who 
 have all the buoyancy of youth with all the 
 deliberation and judgment of age, and too much 
 praise cannot be given them for the work they 
 are doing. They are the first to admit that they 
 owe a great deal to those who preceded them, 
 and the\- are the last to attempt to belittle the 
 efforts of those who secured for Old St. Louis a 
 reputation for conservative strength which New 
 vSt. Louis has so thoroughly retained. 
 
 Laclede, Chouteau and the men who with 
 them bore the burden and heat of the day, when 
 both the burden and the heat were oppressive, 
 aud when there was also an element of actual 
 danger to contend against, were full of energy 
 and vim, and to them the words "fear" and 
 "impossible" were equally without meaning. 
 After them came a generation of workers who 
 molded the city out of a frontier town, and who 
 again were succeeded by those who piloted St. 
 Ivouis into greatness and helped it become the 
 largest city on the largest river in the world. 
 j\lan\- of even these have passed away, but there 
 are also a large number of men in St. Louis who 
 maybe regarded as links between the Old and the 
 New, having been identified with both, and being 
 
i;!ii 
 
 OLD AND NE 
 
 thus exceptionally competent to aj^preciate the 
 greatness of the city in these latter days. In 
 the pages which follow will be found a record 
 of the lives of some of the foremost citizens of 
 the St. Louis of to-day, and of the St. Louis of 
 the pa.st, and the lesson taught by the records 
 and examples is one of the greatest possible 
 value. 
 
 No history of St. Louis could claim to even 
 approach completeness without reference to the ■ 
 Chouteau family, whose record dates back to the 
 founding of St. Louis, and which for a hundred 
 years and more has been closely identified with 
 it. The first member of this family to be born 
 in St. Louis was Pierre Chouteau, Junior, 
 whose early home was the stone house then 
 located at the southwest corner of what is now 
 known as Wa.shington avenue and ALiin street. 
 This house had been acquired a year prior to 
 his birth by his father, and was one of the only 
 two stone houses in the villiage, the other being 
 that of Auguste P. Chouteau, his uncle. Pierre, 
 Jr., was the second son of John Pierre Chouteau, 
 Sr., who was born in New Orleans in 1758, and 
 who died in St. Louis in 1849, and who was the 
 oldest of the four children born to Madame 
 Therese Chouteau by her second husband, Pierre 
 Laclede Liguest, the founder of the trading post 
 which he named St. Louis. Madame Therese 
 Chouteau, came up the river to Fort Chartres in 
 the winter of 17(i;^-4, and located at the trading 
 post of St. Louis. She had one son, Auguste, 
 by her first husband, and the four children by 
 her second husband also bore the name of 
 Chouteau, in obedience to a statute of French 
 law of that time. The mother of the subject of 
 our sketch was Pelagic Kiersereau, an only child 
 of her parents. She was born in St. Louis, and 
 at an early age left an orphan to be reared by 
 the family of Joseph Taillou, Sr., her maternal 
 grandfather. vShe was married to Pierre Chou- 
 teau, Sr., and in ITHo, at the age of twent\-six 
 vears, or after ten years of wedded life, she died, 
 leaving three .sons, Auguste P., Pierre, Jr., and 
 Paul Liguest, and one daughter, Pelagic. 
 
 Very little record exists of the childhood of 
 Pierre, Jr. In 180H, when the lad was seven- 
 
 \V sr. LOUIS. 
 
 teeii years old, he accompanied Julian Dubuque 
 up the Mississippi ri\er to the present site o: 
 Dubuque, Iowa, where rich lead mines were 
 then located, being induced to go by a promise 
 from Duljuque that in the e\ent of his deati 
 while on the trip, that he (Pierre) should be- 
 come sole heir to the mines. He remained ai 
 the mines two years, acting as clerk for Dubuque 
 and returned to St. Louis in 1808, being ther 
 nineteen years old. In 1809 he accompaniec 
 his father and elder brother, Auguste P., on i 
 trading voyage to the Indian tribes of the uppe; 
 Missouri, the three on their return reaching St 
 Louis safely in November of the same year. 
 
 In 1813 the young man entered business or 
 his own account, forming a partnership with hi; 
 brother-in-law, Bart. Berthold, under the fini 
 name of Berthold & Chouteau. On May 1st o 
 that year they opened a stock of general mer 
 chandise, which was purchased in Philadelphia 
 The building occupied belonged to Berthold 
 and was located on Main street, being the firs' 
 brick house built west of the Mississippi river 
 Yearly trips were made by one or the other o 
 the partners to Philadelphia, in order to pur 
 chase goods, the journey being made principalh 
 by boat. 
 
 This mercantile business was carried on ver\ 
 successfully until about 18211, when the firm o 
 Berthold & Chouteau closed out their .stock o 
 merchandise and, having accumulated consider 
 able capital for that time, extensively embarkec 
 in the fur trade of the upper Missouri. Subse- 
 quently Messrs. Bernard Pratte, Sr., and Johr 
 P. Cabanne were taken into the company, whicl 
 became Berthold, Chouteau & Company, fur mer- 
 chants. A profitable trade was after this con- 
 ducted for some time, the firm becoming known a; 
 one of the most extensive dealers on the Missonr 
 river. In April, 1831, Mr. Berthold died, anc 
 the st\le of the firm was changed to Pratte 
 Chouteau iS: Company. In 18o7 Mr. Pratte alsc 
 died, and the death of Mr. Cabanne, four year; 
 later, left Mr. Chouteau the only sur\iving mem- 
 ber of the original company. 
 
 A year after Mr. Cabanne's death, ^Ir. Chou- 
 teau associated with himself in the fur trade. 
 

 % 
 
 ^ y^^^^<^^tu. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APP/iXD/X. 
 
 ]:]:t 
 
 Messrs. John 15. Sarpy, Joseph A. Sire and his 
 son-in-law, Jolm F. A. Sandford, all of whom 
 had previously been trnsted employes of the 
 honse. Mr. Choutean continued in the fur trade 
 until his death in l(S(i5; but of his partners, Mr. 
 Sire died in l.S,')4, while Messrs. Sarpy and 
 Sandford died in IS.") 7. 
 
 Although Mr. Chouteau was the head of one 
 .)f the lary;est fur houses in St. Louis at a time 
 vvhen the cit>- was tlie headquarters for the fur 
 ind Indian trade of the West, it was not the only 
 enterprise of magnitude in which he was a mov- 
 ng spirit. In I88S lie established the whole- 
 ;ale " grocery- commission" house of Chouteau 
 i Mackenzie, with Keunetli Mackenzie as the 
 unior partner. This connection was not con- 
 :inucd very long, as in \x\\ Mr. Chouteau sold 
 3Ut his interest to his partner, and in the same 
 ,-ear established a branch of his fur house in 
 STew York City. In 1842 he also established in 
 he same city a commission house, Messrs. Sand- 
 ord and Merle being the gentlemen interested 
 vith him in this venture. 
 
 In 1.S49 Pierre Chouteau and James Harrison, 
 )f St. Louis, with Felix \'alle, of Ste. (Tene\ie\e, 
 issociated themselves together as the .\merican 
 ron Mountain Company, and purchasing the 
 ron Mountain in St. Francois couut\-, embarked 
 ■xtensiveh- in the mining and manufacturing 
 >f iron. In furtherance of their iron enter- 
 )ri.ses this firm, in IS.") 1-2, built the extensive 
 oiling mill in North St. Louis, which is still 
 uccessfully operated under the old firm name, 
 n 1S.")3 Mr. Chouteau instituted the last en- 
 erprise of his life, this venture being the 
 ailroad iron house of Pierre Chouteau, Jr., 
 sandford &: Company. It is a notable fact in 
 onuection with his business enterprises, that 
 >Ir. Chouteau survived all of the six partners 
 nterested with him in the fur business. 
 
 Mr. Chouteau stood very high with the people 
 .mong whom he lived, and was honored and 
 espected as a gentleman of inflexible integrity 
 nd of a iiigh degree of abilit\-. In 1S2(), upon 
 he admission of this State to the Union, lie was 
 hosen to represent St. Louis count\- in the cou- 
 ention which framed the constitution of Mis- 
 
 souri, and in that body his counsel and sagacity 
 were found iu\-alnable. 
 
 .Mr. Chouteau was married on June l."'>, LSI'), 
 to Mi.ss Emilie Anne Gratiot, a daughter of 
 Charles Gratiot, Sr., who came to this country 
 from Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1777. F'ive 
 children were born to them. Emilie, born in 
 1S14, was married to J. F. A. Sandford, of Balti- 
 more, who was interested with Mr. Chouteau in 
 nuiny of his business ventures; both wife and 
 husband are now dead. Julia, born in ISK!, 
 was married to the late Dr. William Maffitt. 
 Pierre Charles, born in is] 7, died in ISIS. 
 Charles Pierre, born in ISH), married Julia 
 Anne, daughter of General Charles Gratiot. 
 Benjamiu Wilson, Ijorn in 1S22, died in infancy. 
 Thus Charles P. and Mrs. Julia Maffitt are the 
 only ones of the children now li\-ing. 
 
 Pierre Chouteau, Jr., died October (i, 1S()."), 
 in his seventy-seventh year, his wife's death 
 preceded his own by about two \-ears. 
 
 CHOfTEAi', Charlks Pikrkk. — Charles Pierre 
 Chouteau is the fourth sou of Mr. Pierre Chou- 
 teau, Jr., of whose life and career a record has 
 just been given. .\t the age of seventv-five the 
 subject of this sketch may be spoken of as a 
 noble representative of the great Chouteau familv, 
 and as being in possession of that vigoi'ons health 
 which men who have lived careful and temper- 
 ate lives so often enjoy after they have lived 
 beyond the limit of human life as announced by 
 the Psalmist. Charles Pierre Chouteau was 
 born December 2, isili. His parents appre- 
 ciated the value of a first-class education, such 
 as their ample means enable them to provide 
 for their children, and when Charles was but 
 six years old he was placed under the tuition of 
 Mr. Savare, who had attained a high position as 
 an instructor of \outh, and who was teaching 
 the first rudiments of education to the sons of 
 se\-eral prominent St. Louisans. 
 
 F"or two years tiiis course of stud\- was con- 
 tinued, but in 1827 Mr. Pierre Choutean, Jr., 
 sent his son to the seminary, then recentlv 
 established by the Jesuit F'athers at St. Ferdi- 
 nand in St. Louis connt\', and which is now tiie 
 
184 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 St. Louis University. Young Mr. Chouteau 
 was the first scholar to enter this academy of 
 learning, then in its early infancy. He re- 
 mained in charge of the Fathers for five years, 
 and at the age of thirteen he went to New York, 
 and in pursuance of his determination to acquire 
 proficiency in the profession of civil engineering, 
 he entered the civil and military institution of 
 Messrs. Peugnet Brothers. Here he studied for 
 four years, during which time he acquired a 
 thorough engineering training, and in August, 
 1837, he graduated with honors. 
 
 Returning to St. Louis the following year, he 
 assisted in the merchant house of Chouteau, & 
 Mackenzie, representing his father's interest in 
 this important firm. In \^\t Mr. Pierre Chou- 
 teau disposed of his interest to Mr. Mackenzie, 
 and in the following year, 1843, his sou pro- 
 ceeded to London to look after the important 
 Chouteau interests in that city. Mr. Charles 
 Pierre Chouteau spent two or three years in 
 Europe and also traveled extensively throughout 
 the then undeveloped Northwestern territories 
 of the United States. In these journeys and 
 negotiations, Mr. Chouteau displayed great 
 talent and discretion and earned for himself the 
 regard' and esteem of the men with whom his 
 business and that of his father brought him into 
 contact. While in charge of the fur business 
 on the upper Missouri he took the steamer 
 C/iippiica, to the falls of that river, being the 
 first steamer to reach that point. 
 
 In November, 1845, or when he was nearly 
 twenty-six years of age, Mr. Charles Pierre 
 Chouteau married Miss Julia Anne Gratiot, the 
 youngest of the two daughters of General Char- 
 les Gratiot. Mrs. C. P. Chouteau is the grand- 
 daughter of Charles Gratiot, Sr. Her father 
 was born in St. Louis in August, 178(), and in 
 the 3'ear 1804 he went to West Point, then but 
 four years the home of the United States Mili- 
 tary Academy. He graduated with distinction 
 in 1808, and was assigned to the Corps of En- 
 gineers, with whom he worked for more than 
 thirty years. Mr. and Mrs. Chouteau's married 
 life has been exceptionally happy. They have 
 had five children, two sons and three daughters. 
 
 the oldest son being named after his grandfathe 
 and great-grandfather, Pierre. 
 
 Mr. C. P. Chouteau's business career durin; 
 the last half centurv has been one of almost con 
 tinuous activity, for he has given to every detai 
 his personal attention, and it is only during thi 
 last few years that he has yielded to the earnes 
 solicitations of his family and allowed his son ti 
 relieve him of some of the cares attached to th 
 management of interests of such magnitude 
 As we have already seen, Mr. Pierre Chouteau 
 Jr., connected himself with many enterprises o 
 great magnitude, and even prior to his death ii 
 181);'), his son had become intimately identifid 
 with their management. .Although in the en 
 joyment of an enormous fortune by inheritance 
 the subject of this sketch has considered it hi 
 duty to identify himself with imj^ortant entei 
 prises from time to time; and it would be diffi 
 cult to overrate the benefits St. Louis hav 
 obtained not only from the investment of Chou 
 tean capital, but also from the directing influenc 
 of such a man as ]\Ir. Charles P. Chouteau. 
 
 Mr. Chouteau's investments have all been c 
 a prudent and profitable character, and he ma 
 be fairly described as one of the most prosper 
 ous and successful men of the West. Naturall 
 unostentatious and retiring, Mr. Chouteau ha 
 not made a great parade of princely charity 
 but he has distributed vast sums of money in 
 (|uite manner for the amelioration of distress au^ 
 for the assistance of deserving young men; an^ 
 a reference to his check books would disclos 
 the identity of the giver of a large number of ver 
 liberal anonymous contributions to religions 
 educational and philanthropic enterprises. 
 
 Choutkau, Pif:rrk, son of Charles P. am 
 Julia Anne (Gratiot) Chouteau, was born ii 
 St. Louis, July 30, 184J), and is a fitting repre 
 sentative of what it is no exaggeration to speal 
 of as a line of nature's noblemen. We lia\e w 
 titled aristocracy in this country, and especiall; 
 in the West, nor is that last relic of feudalism 
 the law of primogeniture and entail possible o 
 permissible in a country which acknowledges m 
 government save that which is of the people 
 
^Uyr^<^ "^/l^/i^Lc^^^^o^^ 
 
niocRAPHTCAr. A rr/iNPix. 
 
 or the ])cople, and by tlie people. Hut tlie 
 iiotto '' iiob/cssc ()/>//;'(■" is honored, ihonjjh 
 inexpressed, by the members of our he^X. fami- 
 ies, and this descendant of the man who first 
 lettled in what is now the city of St. Louis, rep- 
 esents all that is deservin<j of commendation in 
 lumanity. 
 
 As already stated in this work, Mr. Chou- 
 eau's mother was a dratiot, bein*;- a daughter 
 )f Cieneral Charles (rratiot, himself a citizen 
 vhose ideas of loyalty to his country and city 
 nade him loved as well as respected. Descended 
 >n both sides from the best families in the West, 
 r'ierre Chouteau, great-grandson of the founder 
 >f St. Louis, and grandson of the first Pierre 
 "liuuteau, Jr., started out in his youth to main- 
 ain the traditions of his house, and he has suc- 
 ceeded so well that to-day he stands second to 
 lone in the estimation and regard of his fellow- 
 ritizens. He was educated in St. Louis, but as 
 lOon as he was old enough, he crossed the 
 Atlantic and entered the Royal School of Arts, 
 alines and Manufactures at Liege, Belgium, 
 riiis institution is second to none in the entire 
 vorld in its facilities for imparting a thorough 
 education of a technical character, and young 
 VIr. Chouteau thus had the benefit of a course of 
 itudy in theoretical and practical engineering 
 ,vhich laid the foundation for the proficiency to 
 .vhich he has since attained in this profession. 
 
 Returning to this country in the )-ear 1874, 
 Mr. Pierre Chouteau commenced practicing his 
 Drofession, and soon acqtiired a reputation of 
 A'hicli a much older man might well have been 
 jroud. He was prevented, however, from con- 
 ;inuing to rise in the ranks of engineers by being 
 :alled upon to assist his father in the management 
 )f the extensive business and vast interests of the 
 [Chouteau family. Somewhat reluctantl\- "Sir. 
 Z!houteau relinquished his profession and re- 
 sponded to the call, since which time he has been 
 n practical control of the business, and has 
 z\\e\\ to it the attention and care which made 
 liim so successful as a professional man. 
 
 Although not yet forty-five years of age, Mr. 
 L'lionteau has acquired great influence in the 
 L'ity and its surroundings, and is looked upon. 
 
 not only as the active representative of the first 
 family of the city, but also as a vigorous expo- 
 nent of the New St. Louis idea. No movement 
 having for its object the furtherance of the 
 city's interests has appealed in vain to Mr. 
 Chouteau for assistance, pecuniary and other- 
 wise, and although of a retiring disposition, he 
 has been compelled to take part in several semi- 
 public movements. 
 
 Mr. Chouteau married on Noxember 27, l.S)S2, 
 Miss Ivucille M. Chanvin, a member of one of 
 the old and high respected F'rench families of 
 St. Louis. Mr. and Mrs. Chouteau have one 
 child, a daughter, and reside in a picturesque 
 home on Westminster place. 
 
 Makkitt, Ch.\klks C, son of Dr. William 
 and Julia (Chouteau) Maffitt, was born in St. 
 Louis, February 17, 1852. He is a thorough 
 St. Louis man in every respect, inheriting from 
 his mother the feeling of loyalty and devotion 
 to the city that has been a special characteristic 
 of the Chouteaus for more than a century and a 
 quarter. Dr. Maffitt came from one of the 
 oldest and best known Virginian families, and 
 he ser\ed for man\- years as a surgeon in the 
 United States Army on the staffs of Generals W. 
 S. vScott and William Jenkins Worth. He located 
 in St. Ivouis in the year 184(1, and died here in 
 the year 18(i4, having made countless friends in 
 the city by his sterling qualities and genial 
 manners. 
 
 Dr. Mafhtt's widow has recently celebrated 
 her seventy-eighth l)irthday and is an object of 
 love and veneration to an immense number of 
 relatives and acquaintances. She was born just 
 two years after the death of "La Mere de Sainte 
 Louis" as "Grandma" Chouteau has been 
 aptly named, on account of her being not only 
 the mother of the men who founded St. Louis, 
 but also the first white lady to locate on the 
 ground where the trading post of St. Louis was 
 subsequently established. She was born in New 
 Orleans, where she married Auguste Rene Chou- 
 teau, one of her sons being Auguste, or Colonel, 
 Chouteau. 
 
 In 17(i;), when the last named was a bo\- of 
 
1?,6 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 thirteen, r^Irs. Cliotiteaii came to St. Louis with 
 her faiiiilv, and lier bnsiuess ability contributed 
 much more lar.t^ely than is generally considered 
 to the early success of the settlement. She 
 bore the hardships and privations inseparable 
 from pioneer life with great fortitude, regarding 
 St. Louis very much in the light of a child of 
 her own, and rejoicing in every advance made. 
 From the second son of this lady, Pierre, Sr. , 
 the branch of the Chouteau family to which Dr. 
 Maffitt's widow belongs sprang, both that lad\- 
 and Mr. Charles P. Chouteau being grandchil- 
 dren of Pierre, Sr. As already mentioned in 
 this work, the Chouteau family now includes 
 some of the best known millionaires of the West, 
 as well as souie of the best known and most 
 highly respected men in this portion of the 
 country. 
 
 Young ^laffitt was educated at vSeton Hall 
 College, South Orange, New Jersey, concluding 
 a very excellent education at Washington L^ni- 
 versity in his native city. He at once entered 
 into the iron lousiness and was for some years 
 vice-president of the Chouteau, Harrison & 
 Valle Iron Company, of which important cor- 
 poration he is now president. In addition to 
 this office, Mr. Maffitt is also president of the 
 world-renowned Iron Mountain Compau)-, which 
 is famous for the richness of its ore and which 
 is known as one of the greatest dividend payers 
 among the iron mines of the world. 
 
 Although but forty-two years of age and quite 
 a young man, Mr. Maffitt's responsibilities would 
 be enormous even if they were limited to the presi- 
 dency of these two very important corporations. 
 But he has other interests of great moment. As 
 president of the Forest Park, Laclede Avenue 
 and Fourth Street Railroad, a branch of the 
 Missouri Railroad system, he has been largely 
 responsible for the vast impro\ement in the 
 equipment and management of that road of 
 recent years. He is also president of the St. 
 Louis Union Stock Yards Company, president 
 of the Helena and New Orleans Transportation 
 Company, a director of the State Bank of St. 
 Louis, and a director in the Merchants' Termi- 
 nal Company and the Fair Grounds Association. 
 
 Although a hard worker and a man who be- 
 lieves in the pnnerb that ' ' the eye of the mastei 
 fattens the steed," Mr. Alaffitt devotes consider- 
 able time to legitimate sport, and as judge anc 
 racing steward at the race-meetings at the Fai: 
 Grounds his decisions have given invariable 
 satisfaction. He is one of the best posted mer 
 in Missouri on blood horses and has a smal 
 racing stable of his own, in which his friend; 
 take a great deal of pride. The integrity of tin 
 owner makes it certain that every horse will b( 
 run on its merits, with orders given to the jocke} 
 to go in and win, and it is sportsmen of th( 
 Maffitt type that are needed to purify Americai 
 racing and keep it select. 
 
 ;\Ir. Maffitt is also a well-known club man 
 He is a member of the Commercial, the Jocke; 
 Club, and other institutions of a social charac 
 ter, and is one of the most prominent societ; 
 men in St. Louis. He uses his means to th< 
 best advantage, and is one of the most vigorou 
 exponents of the New St. Louis idea. Hi 
 charities are numerous, and indirectly his heav; 
 investments ha\-e provided profitable work to 
 thousands of heads of families. 
 
 As a politician, ]\Ir. ^laffitt's fame is not con 
 fined to his own city. He is a Democrat fror 
 conviction and choice, but he also believes i: 
 measures rather than men, in purity in politics 
 and in fair play for all. He has been twic 
 honored by being elected delegate to the Na 
 tional Convention of his part}', first in 1884 as 
 district delegate, and again in 1892 as delegat 
 at large. On the latter occasion he was chose 
 chairman of the Missouri delegation to th 
 Democratic National Convention at Chicagc 
 Although at the head of the largest protectiv 
 industries in the State of jNIissouri, Mr. Maffil 
 has entirely sunk his personal advantage to th 
 good of his party, and by his unswerving democ 
 racy and advocacy of the policy of tariff fc 
 revenue only, he has won the confidence of hi 
 party to such an extent that he is now serviu 
 his third term as chairman of the State Denic 
 cratic Central Committee. 
 
 His success as a political leader has been a 
 marked as have been his commercial triumph; 
 
^ 
 
niOGRAPfflCAL APPENDIX. 
 
 1:17 
 
 Delias inanat^ed the State Democratic campaiirn 
 vith signal ability, and it was lart^ely owin.i; to 
 lis good management that in bS'H) the Missonri 
 Oemocrac\- revenged itself for the loss of the 
 hree St. Lonis districts two years previonsly 
 md sent a solid delegation to the fifty-second 
 Congress. Mr. Mafiitt stands so well with the 
 democratic and also the commercial and busi- 
 less leaders of the cit>- and State that he can 
 lave any office that he desires at the hands of 
 he people, by whom he has been freqnently 
 mjiortnned to rnn for office. 
 
 (rARRLSON, Daxikl RaNdall, son of Captain 
 )li\er and Catherine (Kingsland) Garrison, 
 ,vas born on the banks of the beautiful Hudson 
 'iver, in Orange county. New York, near Garri- 
 jon's Lauding, on November 25, l-Sl."). Both 
 liis parents were genuine Americans and of dis- 
 linguished families. 
 
 His mother was born in New Jerse\-, and her 
 Family connections included such well known 
 historical names as the vSchnylers, the Bnskirks, 
 uul the Co\-erts. Captain Garrison was the 
 :lirect descendant of an old Puritan family which 
 had settled in Nqw England early in the history 
 of the colonies. He owned and commanded the 
 first line of packets which ran between New 
 York and West Point, prior to the days of 
 steamboats. 
 
 When Daniel was fourteen years of age, the 
 Captain moved to Buffalo, New York, a point 
 which uowada\-s is regarded as the far East, and 
 it was at Buffalo that the man of whom St. Louis 
 is now so proud concluded his education and 
 secured his first employment. 
 
 He commenced his career as an employe of 
 Bealls, Wilkinson & Company, engine builders, 
 in whose employ he contiiuied until the )ear 
 l''^;')-">. In June of that year \oung Mr. (Harri- 
 son was one of a committee of three appointed 
 to make a presentation to Mr. Webster, who 
 was on a visit to Buffalo. The presentation was 
 made as an indorsement of Mr. Webster's tariff 
 views by those who subscribed to the fund, aiul 
 the e\-ent created a great and lasting impression 
 on the miudof the vouuirmau who was destined 
 
 to become one of the greatest and grandest citi- 
 zens of the then little-thought-of West. 
 
 In the fall of 1833 Mr. Garrison went to 
 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he took a posi- 
 tion in one of the largest pattern and machine 
 establishments of that city, and for two years he 
 continued at this employment. In 1835 he came 
 to St. Louis and was placed at the head of the 
 drafting department in the foundry and engine 
 works of Kingsland, Lightuer & Company. He 
 devoted himself faithfully to the work for five 
 years, and in 1840, or a little more than half a 
 century ago, he commenced his actual business 
 career. He was then, as now, a stalwart, fine 
 man, and his mind was capable of grasping, even 
 at that early period in the history of .St. Louis 
 as a manufacturing cit\-, the fact that the day 
 was not far distant when it would become an 
 exporting instead of an importing point for 
 finished goods. 
 
 With this settled conviction as an incentive to 
 enterprise, Mr. Garrison as.sociated himself with 
 his brother, Oliver, and commenced the manu- 
 facture of steam engines. The GarrLson Broth- 
 ers' shops were small indeed compared with the 
 gigantic enterprise in which Mr. Garrison has 
 since been the leading spirit, but the watchword 
 was " thorough" from the commencement, and 
 every part of every engine was as perfect as 
 money and science could make it. Mr. I). R. 
 Garrison natural!}- assumed charge of the draft- 
 ing department, and lie did this work, as e\'ery- 
 thing else he undertook, faithfully and well. 
 Business increased, and the foundry became 
 overtaxed with work. For eight years it con- 
 tinued steadily at work on home orders, and 
 then came the historical discovery of gold in 
 California. 
 
 Attracted by the evident need of transporta- 
 tion, Mr. Garrison, on February 15, 184!l, went 
 to San Francisco, with a view to establishing a 
 steamer service on the California river. On his 
 arrival he found the reports of gold discoveries 
 to be well founded, and at once sent to his 
 brother, Oliver, for three large engines, one of 
 which he sent to Oregon for service in a steamer 
 which he built on the Willamette river; the 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 second was used in a boat built on the Sacra- 
 mento river, and the third was used at a saw 
 mill. Mr. Ciarrison's California ventures proved 
 exceeding;ly profitable, and when they were 
 concluded he went to Puget Sound in a canoe 
 propelled by four Indians, finally returnino; 
 home via the Isthmus of Panama, and arrivin.o; 
 in St. Louis in l<s.")(). 
 
 Soon after this he retired from the machine 
 works, but not from active life. He at once 
 took a prominent part in the proposed Ohio & 
 Mississippi Railroad, and a meeting of the citi- 
 zens was called with a view to subscribing half 
 a million dollars for the commencement of the 
 work. Finally, thanks to Mr. Garrison's energy 
 and to the impetus his name gave to the enter- 
 prise, the road was commenced, and to Mr. Gar- 
 rison belongs the honor of having laid the last 
 rail on the first road that connected St. Louis 
 with the East, the work having been accom- 
 plished in spite of great and apparent!)' insur- 
 mountable difiiculties. 
 
 Mr. Garrison was in control of the ( )hio X: 
 Mississippi road until l'S.")'S, by which time it 
 was a perfect success. He was also connected 
 with the Missouri Pacific road, which then ran 
 from St. Louis to Sedalia, and it was largely 
 owing to his indomitable energy that it was 
 completed to Kansas City, the work being done 
 during the war, when the difficulties were natu- 
 rally increased ten-fold. The original gauge of 
 the Missouri Pacific was five and a half feet, and 
 when it was proposed to make it a standard 
 gauge road, Mr. Garrison undertook to make the 
 change between here and Leavenworth, Kansas, 
 in sixteen hours. The proposal was laughed at; 
 but he was asked to make the attempt, and he 
 succeeded so well that in July, 18(i9, the entire 
 gauge was changed in twelve and a half hours, 
 without any interference with traffic. 
 
 In the spring of 1870 he relinquished the 
 management of the Missouri Pacific Railroad and 
 confined his attention to the work and comple- 
 tion of the Vulcan Iron Works in South St. Louis. 
 Ground was broken for the erection July 4, 1870, 
 and in a year the\- were in successful operation 
 the first rail mill west of the Mississippi river, and 
 
 one of the largest in America. The works sooi 
 found employment for a thousand men, anc 
 gratified the ambition of ;\Ir. Garrison to mak( 
 Missouri rails out of Alissouri iron for the build 
 ing of Missouri and other western roads. Mr 
 Garrison's next large enterprise was the con 
 struction of the Jupiter Iron Works, one of th( 
 largest furnaces in the world, and he has sinc( 
 been able to introduce the manufacture of stee 
 into this cit\'. 
 
 He is now, at the age of seventv-eight, abh 
 to look back on a life of usefulness such as fall t( 
 the lot and honor of few men. Mr. Garrison madi 
 his own way in the world, and while accnmu 
 lating a fortune for himself, has done more t( 
 de\-elop the West as a manufacturing point thai 
 any other man. He has also earned the esteen 
 of ever\- one with whom he has come in contact 
 and is regarded as one of the greatest mei 
 St. Louis has ever produced or developed. H( 
 has resided in the city upwards of half a century 
 and has watched its development with botl 
 interest and care, allowing no feature to escapi 
 attention, and being ready with both money anc 
 time to assist in every object devised for th( 
 city's good. 
 
 His railroad experience has been exceptionalh 
 beneficial to St. Louis, not only in connectioi 
 with the building and extension of the Ohio S 
 Mi.ssissippi and the ?tIissouri Pacific, but also a: 
 manager of both the Missouri Pacific and At 
 lantic & Pacific roads. Seventeen years ago th( 
 work, "vSt. Louis, the Future Great" wasdedi 
 cated to Mr. Garrison in the following terms 
 "To Daniel Randall Ciarrison, a citizen great ii 
 the attributes of manhood, one who has wovei 
 out from his individuality, his superior braii 
 and restless activity, a large contribution to th( 
 city of m\ theme and to my country; one wh( 
 in l)uilding up his own fortunes has impressec 
 his character upon many material interests, anc 
 who gives promise to still greater usefulness ir 
 the future, this volume, which illustrates a fade- 
 less hope and a profound conviction in the 
 future of St. Louis, is respectfully inscribed b\ 
 the author." 
 
 The terms of the dedication were well choser 
 
d)./f^.f^ 
 
 til^-TO- Cy^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 139 
 
 ?ven in 1S7."), l)ut in the nine years that ha\-e 
 ;ince elapsed, the works of this noble citizen 
 lave borne still more fruit, and several of his 
 inticipations as to the city's greatness have been 
 ibundantK and niagnificentK- realized. The 
 name of (kirrison will be remembered as long as 
 3t. Lonis remains a city, and for generations to 
 :ome the career of D. R. Garrison will be quoted 
 IS a magnificent example of how a man with 
 5uiTicient will-power and integrity can attain 
 ilmost any degree of success he steadfastly 
 strives after. 
 
 (tARKLSox, Oijver L-^wrkncr. — x\ young 
 man who reflects credit on an old and honorable 
 name, a name that is inextricably interwoven 
 with the commercial history of St. Louis and 
 the ^Mississippi Valley, is the subject of this 
 sketch, who was born in this city October lo, 
 l'S4.s. His father, Oliver (jarrison, was inti- 
 mately connected with the early manufacturing 
 and commercial history of .St. Iv(.)uis, was presi- 
 dent of the Mechanics' Bank for twenty-fi\c 
 years, and was one of the founders of the Eagle 
 Foundry. His uiother, Louisa (Hale) Gar- 
 rison, died June IK, l.Sl);i, four years after her 
 husband. 
 
 He is a nephew of I). R. Cxarrison, wdio was 
 his father's jjartner in the establishment of the 
 Eagle Foundry, over fifty-five years ago, while his 
 paternal grandfather, Captain Oliver Garrison, 
 was of old Puritan stock and the owner of the 
 first line of packets on the Hud.son river be- 
 tween New York and West Point. His grand- 
 mother on the same side of the house was de- 
 scended from old Knickerbocker stock, and was 
 related to some of the families prominent in 
 early New York history. 
 
 Young Oliver received his education chiefly 
 at Wyman Institute, being a school-mate of 
 Winthrop G. Chappell. He left school when 
 seventeen years of age, for the purpose of enter- 
 ing the insurance business. After four years 
 spent in this line, he conchuled to follow to 
 some extent in the footstejis of his father and 
 distinguished uncle, and accordingly he entered 
 the iron trade, which he has followed most suc- 
 
 cessfully for tweut\- \-ears. His business is of 
 vast proportions, and besides his iron interests 
 he is an extensive operator and dealer in coal in 
 Chicago, his interests in that city being nearly 
 as extensive as his bu.sine.ss in St. Louis. 
 
 Besides his deals in coal and iron, he is presi- 
 dent of the St. Louis Paper Company, and sec- 
 retar>- of the Big Muddy Coal and Iron Com- 
 pan\-, and vice-president of the Chicago & Texas 
 Railroad Couipany. He is an influential mem- 
 ber of the ^lerchants' E.xchange, and a very 
 active club and benevolent society man, being a 
 member of the Alercantile-CIub, the St. Louis 
 Jocke\- Club, of the Legion of Honor, Compton 
 Hill Council, besides various other social and 
 benevolent societies in St. Louis and clubs in 
 other cities. 
 
 Mr. Garrison was married to Miss Mary .S. 
 Siegrist in l<S7il, aiul has three children living 
 —Oliver L., Jr., Hazel Marie, and Clifford R. 
 
 CnRiSTv, AxDKKW, was another of the ])io- 
 neers who in the early days of St. Louis showed 
 their faith in the city by investing large sums 
 of money in the furtherance of its interests. He 
 was born a few months before the close of the 
 last century, in Warren county, Ohio, but when 
 he was quite a child his parents mo\-ed to Law- 
 rence county, Illinois, locating on a farm near 
 the county seat. Young Andrew was educated 
 in the schools near his home and taught school 
 for some time in St. Clair county, Illinois, near 
 the town of Ridge Prairie. 
 
 When he was about twenty-seven years of age 
 he became connected with Francis and \'ital 
 Jarrot, of Cahokia, and the three young men 
 commenced in the mining business at Galena, 
 Illinois. They continued in this for .some years, 
 finally removing to St. Clair county, Illinois, just 
 across the river from St. Louis, where Mr. .\u- 
 drew Christy went into partnership with his 
 brother, Samuel C. Christ >'. 
 
 In the year IS/Si vSamuel Wiggins sold his 
 ferry franchises to the Christy brothers and some 
 seven or eight other gentlemen, and a few years 
 later the Christ>-s acquired a majorit\- of the 
 stock. The boats continued to run under the 
 
140 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 name of the Wiggins Ferry Company, of which 
 Mr. Christy was a member until his death. His 
 influence in the enterprise was manifest by the 
 building of a number of new boats, including the 
 Wagoner in 184(i, the St. Louis in 1.S4.S, the 
 Charles Mul/ikitt, the Samuel C. Christy., the 
 Cahokia, the Belleville, the Louis J '. Bogy^ the 
 Imdicator, aud several others. 
 
 Between 1835 and 1840 Mr. Christy was in 
 the grocery and commission business, in partner- 
 ship with Samuel B. Wiggins. The business 
 was located on Chouteau's row, between Market 
 and Walnut streets" and Main street aud the 
 ri\er. This business was very prosperous, and 
 ^Ir. Christy realized a large sum of money from 
 it in addition to his large interests in the ferry. 
 The importance of the ferry company to the 
 commerce of St. Louis cannot, of course, be 
 overrated. In the ante-railroad days the work 
 done by the ferries was of the most important 
 character, and as the railroads were built the 
 nature of the work increased in volume and im- 
 portance. 
 
 The enterprise of the company was thoroughly 
 shown a little more than half a century ago, 
 when, owing to the danger and difficulty of 
 crossing the river when there was a large quantity 
 of ice, it was decided to construct a ferry-boat 
 with an iron bow, so as to enable it to be safely 
 driven through almost any amount of floating 
 ice. The boat was delivered in St. Louis in De- 
 cember, 1839, and in many respects thoroughly 
 fulfilled every obligation expected of her. In 
 1847 the landing-place was greatly improved, 
 and in 18r)2 it is on record that the ferry com- 
 pany "with its usual liberality placed ferry-boats 
 at the disposition of the railroad companies for 
 the transportation of persons to the demonstra- 
 tion of January 7th, the boats being free to 
 persons going to or returning from the celebra- 
 tion." 
 
 The charter of l.SH), under which the Wiggins 
 Ferry Company did business, expired in 18.')3, 
 aud there was considerable opposition to the 
 application to the Legislature for a renewal. 
 The immense importance of the work and the 
 large sum of mone\- invested residted, ln)wever. 
 
 in the granting of a perpetual ferry charter ti 
 Mr. Andrew Christy and four other gentlemen 
 and a large increase in the capital investei 
 resulted. In 18(i5 the entire river front of Eas 
 St. Louis, for adistance of some miles, was ownei 
 by it, and during the year between one and tw- 
 thousand passengers were carried across th 
 river daily, the receipts approximating thre 
 hundred thousand a year. 
 
 Shortly after this, on August 11, LSiill, Mi 
 Christy died of paralysis. He had never married 
 and the immense fortune which his never- varyin: 
 industry had accumulated, was bequeathed to hi 
 brothers and sisters and their descendants. H 
 was a man of great public enterprise and repre 
 sented St. Louis with marked ability aud fairnes 
 in the 1851 Legislature. He was unsparing i: 
 his efforts to secure the building of railroads t 
 St. Louis, and he also spent a large sum c 
 money in preserving the harbor of St. Louis b; 
 turning the river current and preventing th 
 shoaling of water on this side of the stream. 
 
 Some idea of the work accomplished by tin 
 indefatiguable worker and his associates can b 
 gleaned from the following passage, which is t 
 be found in the old newspaper files of St. Louis 
 
 "There was no levee at that time and th 
 boat was landed under the cliffs and rocks, 
 road led down from the village ( St. Louis ) t 
 the ferry landing. Capt. Trendley used fre 
 quenth' to run in under the cliffs to get out of 
 shower. The ferry landing at that early tim 
 on the Illinois shore was at the old brick taveri 
 then kept by Dr. Tiffin ( which has since beei 
 swept away), and about two hundred yard 
 west of the Illinois and Terre Haute round 
 house. The fare at that time was a ' long bit 
 for a footman, a market-wagon se\'enty-fi\' 
 cents, and for a two-horse wagon, one dollar.' 
 
 Although in possession of a monopoly whicl 
 might have been used to the detriment of St 
 Louis and the advancement of its prosperity 
 Mr. Christy at no time in his career allowed th 
 temptation to make money at the expense of th 
 city's development to influence him. Evei 
 when in practical control of the ferry business 
 with little or no opposition, he advocated am 
 
lUO(,R,\PHICAL APPEXniX. 
 
 insisted upon alil)t.-ral ]iolic>-. This resulted most 
 beneficially to East St. Louis, and laii^e jjrants 
 were made for railroad and wharfage purposes, and 
 Mr. Christy's policy was universally approved. 
 
 Whi,i..s, Krastus. — One of the ablest of the 
 ielf-inade men of St. Louis was Mr. Erastus 
 Wells, whose life-history is a continual encour- 
 igenieut to young men and boys to industry and 
 :liligence. 
 
 Mr. Wells was born in Jefferson count\'. New 
 Vork, December 2, ISl';!. His parents were not 
 :>\ any means in affluent circumstances, and as 
 ioon as the boy was old enough he was compelled 
 ;o assist his father at farm work, that being the 
 pursuit of the latter. During the time he worked 
 Ml his father's farm, extending from his twelfth 
 ;o his sixteenth year, he attended the little log 
 jchool-house two miles from his father's home, 
 md here received the only schooling he ever 
 Mijoyed. Rut lack of schooling could not 
 repress a young man with his natural talent and 
 djility, for he learned in the school of life and 
 'ough experience what he did not learn in 
 colleges. 
 
 At the age of sixteen, his father having died, 
 le was left to his own resources, and struck out 
 n the world for himself. He first went tt) 
 iN'atertown, New York, where he clerked in a 
 ;tore at eight dollars a month. Being offered 
 ;welve dollars a month by a store-keeper at Lock- 
 3ort, New York, he went there, and his habits 
 )f thrift and economy were shown at this early 
 ige by the fact that after three or four years he 
 !a\-ed >il4(), a goodly sum in those da>'s. 
 
 When he was twenty \ears old he was seized 
 ivith the Western fe\'er, and arrived in St. Louis 
 n Se])t ember, 1«48. His aggressiveness and 
 lis ability to see the main chance at once niani- 
 ested themselves. The town was without transit 
 acilities of any kind. In a little more than a 
 nonth after his arrival in St. I^ouis he had 
 'ormcd a ijartnershij) with Cahin Case, and had 
 established the first omnibus line west of the 
 Mississippi. The line consisted of but one 
 vehicle, which young Wells himself drove when 
 ;ie was not acting as fare-taker, but it was the 
 
 pioneer effort in a system of urban transit that 
 has grown to immense proportions. 
 
 The omnibus was driven between the North 
 Market ferr\-landing and down-town, and al- 
 though it was an innovation in a city much more 
 conser\-ative than the St. Iv(.)uis of to-day, the 
 people realized the advantage of such methods 
 of transportation, and the single vehicle soon 
 became inadequate. Other busses were added, 
 and when the business was at its most prosperous 
 stage, Mr. Wells sold his interest. 
 
 He remained idle for about a >ear, and then 
 purchased a small plant for the manufacture of 
 white lead, but the business pro\-ing an iujurv- 
 to his health, be disposed of the plant and 
 erected a saw mill in the upper part of the city. 
 However, the conviction had never left him that 
 there was money to be made in the business of 
 passenger transportation, so he leased his mill, 
 and in 1850, with his former partner, Calvin 
 Case, formed a company which purchased all 
 the omnibus lines in the cit>-, and established a 
 new line on Olive .street, and another between 
 St. Louis and Belleville, Illinois. These lines 
 were managed with great profit until l-S.");'), when 
 the accidental death of Mr. Case cau.sed the 
 dissolution of the firm. 
 
 I^>ut the system of transportation by slow 
 coaches and omnibuses was revolutionized about 
 this time by the advent of the street railroad and 
 horse cars. Mr. W^ells was the pioneer in pas- 
 senger transportation matters, and he was also 
 the first to see the advantages of the new street 
 railwa\s. In l.s,')!l, as mentioned in the earlier 
 portion of this work, he was the mo\-ing spirit 
 in the organization of the .Missouri Railroad 
 Company, with the purpose in \-iew of building 
 and operating a line on Olive street, and on 
 July 4th of the same year the first car was 
 started. 
 
 He was the first president of the road, and so 
 continued until 1^.S4, when, on account of failing 
 health, he sold out his controlling interest in the 
 ( )li\e and Market street lines and retired from 
 the presidency and the street railway business. 
 Although he had retired from the management 
 of the street railwavs, he did not sever all con- 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 iiections with business life. Always to the 
 front in all matters of public welfare, he was a 
 prominent figure in many big public undertak- 
 ings. 
 
 During his long connection with the business 
 affairs of St. Louis, he acted in various capaci- 
 ties. He was president of the Accommodation 
 Bank; was at one time president of the West 
 End Narrow Gauge Railroad, now a part of the 
 St. Louis & Suburban; director in the Ohio 
 & Mississippi Railroad Company; president of 
 the Laclede Gas Light Company; vice-presi- 
 dent of the Commercial Bank; and held various 
 relations to other institutions and companies. 
 In 1884, when he resigned his presidency of the 
 Missouri Railway Company on account of bad 
 health, he also severed most of his other busi- 
 ness relations, and spent most of his declining 
 years in traveling in this country and abroad. 
 
 It is not to be expected that a man of Mr. 
 Well's character, aggressiveness and abilit\- 
 would escape public service. In 1S48 he was 
 first elected to the City Council, serving alto- 
 gether fifteen years in that body, and as his voice 
 was always for progress and improvement, he 
 was of incalculable benefit to the city. 
 
 He only resigned his .seat in the City Council 
 in 18(i9 in order to make the race for Congress in 
 the First District of St. Louis, W. A. Pile being 
 his opponent. Mr. Wells was elected and re- 
 elected to the Forty-second, Forty-third, Forty- 
 fourth and Forty-sixth Congress, by majorities 
 which indicated the esteem in which he was held 
 bv the people. During his terms he did some 
 valuable work for St. Louis, being instrumental 
 in having the first appropriation passed for the 
 erection of the Custom House. 
 
 He was a persistent advocate of a systematic 
 improvement of the Mississippi river, and was 
 an ardent advocate of the Eads jetty system. 
 His liberal views, unquestioned honesty and 
 geniality gave him an influence at Washington 
 that was most valuable. Although success, 
 honor and wealth crowned his life-work, he was 
 to the last a thorough Democrat, a man of the 
 people, and as unostentatious and genial as when 
 he came to St. Louis, a penniless boy. 
 
 In 18.J(l Mr. Wells married Miss Henry, r 
 daughter of John F. Henry, of this cit\'. Three 
 childrfen were born to them, two sons and oik 
 daughter, of whom RoUa, one of the sons, ha; 
 already made his mark in the social and busi 
 uess life of the city. His first wife having died 
 Mr. Wells, in LSdii, married Mrs. Eleanor P 
 Bell, widow of David W. Bell. 
 
 The career of this honored citizen closed jus 
 as he was completing the fiftieth year of hi: 
 residence in this city. He died regretted anc 
 mourned b)- thousands, and the scenes at hi; 
 funeral will not be forgotten for many years t( 
 come. He left the imprint of his work aiu 
 enterprise on so many of our local institution: 
 that the people of vSt. Louis are constantb 
 reminded of one who, while he had politica 
 opponents and business rivals, never had a per 
 sonal enemy, and who was never so happy a 
 when he was ministering to the wants of others 
 or encouraging some young beginner just com 
 mencing to climb the ladder he himself ha< 
 climbed from the bottom to the top. 
 
 Armstrong, David H.a.rti,kv, was identifiec 
 with St. Louis for upwards of half a century an( 
 for many years prior to his death, wliicl 
 occurred but a few months ago, he was looke( 
 upon as one of the mo.st interesting and indee( 
 picturesque links between Old and New St. Loui 
 which remained. Although a native of Nov; 
 Scotia, his loyalty to the country and city of hi 
 adoption was a matter of genuine admiration oi 
 the part of his fellow-citizens, and his death wa 
 a source of grief to thousands of people. 
 
 Mr. Armstrong lived upwards of eighty yeans 
 having been born in 1812. His parents iiiovei 
 into Maine while he was a bo\-, and he wa 
 educated in Kennebeck county of that State 
 When t\vent\-one }ears of age he accepted 
 ])osition at the head of a school in New Bedford 
 Massachusetts, where he remained for four years 
 He then came to St. Louis, but not finding 
 position suited to liis tastes he proceeded t' 
 Lebanon, Illinois, where he acted as princi])a 
 of the ])rci)aratory department of :\IcKendre 
 Colle<>^e. 
 
^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^.^^^^ 
 
BI( niRAPfflCAI. APPENDIX. 
 
 148 
 
 In A])ril, ls;is, lie returned to St. Louis aud 
 became princi])al oi one of tlie public scliools, 
 L:()ntinuin,L; to work in tliis cajiacit)- for nine 
 vears. In I'SfT he accepted tlie position of 
 'C\\.\ Couijitroller, an office he lield with j^reat 
 :redit to liiniself and benefit to the cit\' for three 
 1,-ears. 
 
 In IS.').') he was ap])ointed b\ vSterliny; Price, 
 governor of .Missouri, as aid-de-canip upon liis 
 nilitary staff, with the rank of colonel. In 
 \pril, lcS,')4, he was appointed postmaster of 
 ?t. Louis by President Pierce, which otTice 
 le held until the spring of LS.Vs. In June, 
 IMT."), he was appointed police commissioner 
 or the cit\- of St. Louis by Governor Wood- 
 ion, and in 1S77 was reappointed to the 
 ;ame office by Governor Phelps. In l'S7() he 
 vas a member of the Board of Freeholders, h\ 
 vhich the present city charter was framed. 
 
 Vet a higher ]:)ublic honor was, however, 
 eserved for Colonel Armstrong when, in LSTT, 
 ipon the death of Hon. Lewis V. Bogy, he was 
 ippointed by Governor Phelps as United States 
 senator, to fill the vacancy thus caused. He 
 erved in that position until the meeting of the 
 A-gislature in bSTlt. 
 
 During his two >ears in the Senate, Mr. Arm- 
 trong pro\-ed himself to be a connnon-sense 
 tatesman. The interests of the West and of 
 ilissonri were constanth' before his mind, and 
 Ithongh he kept himself comparatively in the 
 lackground in matters of oratory, he was 
 Iways prepared to speak when he considered 
 rguments and not words were necessarv. 
 
 The closing \ears of Colonel Armstrong's life 
 i-ere spent in practical retirement from active 
 .•ork, but he was looked upon as a philosopher 
 nd a friend, and his advice was sought on ever\- 
 ccasion. His niemorv was remarkably clear, 
 nd he was regarded by members of the local 
 iress as an iu\alual)le ally, always willing to 
 ni]iart information and to exchange confidences, 
 ie was naturally outspoken and perhaps 
 ggressive in dis])osition, but his criticisms were 
 hvays kindly meant, and he ne\er had an 
 nemv. 
 
 The .\/,ii^a:iii<' of Weslcni Uislorv, in a char- 
 
 acter sketch of this grand old hero, written 
 about two years prior to his death, said: 
 
 " PVw men ^\■ho are now counted among the 
 honored pioneers of St. Louis have done so 
 nnich useful service, in a modest way, for the 
 cit>- and State as Colonel David H. Armstrong; 
 and certainly none stand higher in the general 
 regard. This confidence and respect have been 
 won b)- a half century of service in various 
 fields, where his talents and industry have been 
 freely given for the use of all. He came to St. 
 Louis when it was one of the pioneer .settlements 
 of the middle West, and he has watched it grow 
 to its present grand proportions, against oppo- 
 sitions, forebodings, years of apathy, the fluct- 
 uating tide of civil war, and the rival influence 
 of envious neighbors. He has rejoiced in that 
 growth, and has used all his power and influence 
 in its aid. And those efforts and that endea\-or 
 have been appreciated; and altough Colonel 
 Armstrong has never been a seeker for office, he 
 has been called again and again to the adminis- 
 tration of public trusts, among which was that 
 of Lhiited States Senator from Missouri. 
 
 "While, as has been said, Colonel Armstrong 
 has never been anxious as a seeker after office, 
 he has been called to the discharge of various 
 trusts of a public nature. Since early manhood 
 he has taken a deep interest in political affairs, 
 and has ever been an active worker in the 
 ranks of the Democratic party. For many years 
 he was a member of the Democratic State Cen- 
 tral Committee, and for uuich of the period was 
 chairman of that body and a leader in its delib- 
 erations. In this capacit\- he directed the 
 fusion of the Democrats and Liberal Republic- 
 ans in the memorable campaign of ISTO; a 
 movement which resulted in the election of the 
 first Democratic State administration since the 
 war, and which had consequences far more im- 
 l)ortant than the mere victory of a political 
 ])arl\-, for it led to the re\-ision of the notorious 
 ' Drake Constitution,' and the reinstatement of 
 the people of Missouri in the full employment 
 of their political rights, besides leading to the 
 great Liberal Republican movement in the pres- 
 idental contest of 1.S72." 
 
144 
 
 OLD AND XFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Anotlier writer says, with equal force and 
 truth: 
 
 "Colonel Armstrong looks back upon no por- 
 tion of his career with more satisfaction than 
 that during which he was employed as a public 
 school teacher, and he regards it as a high honor 
 to have been associated so prominently with the 
 school system of the State at its inception. He 
 possessed many qualifications of the good teacher, 
 and his counsels were freely drawn upon to aid 
 in the extension of the system as required by 
 the growing needs of the city. As a teacher he 
 was verv successful, and among his pupils were 
 many who afterwards became conspicuous and 
 are numbered among the representative wealthy 
 citizens of St. Louis. These all cherish the 
 highest regard and the warmest affection for 
 their faithful instructor." 
 
 Crow, Way.max, a noble son of noble parents, 
 was born in the year bSOS in Hartford, Ken- 
 tucky. His father was a native of Virginia, and 
 his mother w'as a Miss Mary Way, of Anne 
 Arundel county, Mar\-land. The Crows came 
 originally from the North of Ireland, and the 
 Waymans from England. Mr. and ;\Irs. Crow 
 had twelve children, of whom the man who 
 became such a benefactor to St. Louis was the 
 youngest. At the age of seven the latter went 
 to the district school of Hopkinsville, Christian 
 county, Kentucky, and for four years he was 
 instructed in a little log cabin which did duty 
 for a school-house. 
 
 At the age of twelve young Wayman was 
 apprenticed to a general store in Hopkinsville, 
 where for five years he worked for his board and 
 lodging. The latter consisted of a cot in the 
 counting-room, and his duty included kindling 
 fires, carrying water from the spring and doing- 
 general duty in the way of sweeping and clean- 
 ing. Before his term of apprenticeship was out 
 he was transferred to the firm of Anderson & 
 Auterbery, by wlunn he was entrusted with the 
 chief control of the business. His apprentice- 
 ship over, he was employed at a salary of $300 
 a vear, and later was placed in charge of a 
 branch ofiiice at Cadiz, in Trigg count\', Kv. 
 
 .Although but eighteen years of age he man- 
 aged the branch to good advantage, and finally 
 when his employers moved to Pittsburgh, they 
 sold out their old business to their young assist- 
 ant. On January 1, l.S2ii, he started in busi- 
 ness for himself, owing his former employers 
 about $3,000, to be paid in six, twelve and fifteen 
 months. As he was a legal infant, his notes 
 constituted debts of honor only, but from his 
 boyhood up Mr. Crow's word was as good as his 
 bond, and he discharged the obligations before 
 the\- matured. 
 
 In November, bS-JSi, ;\Ir. Crow married ]\Iiss 
 Isabella B. Conn, daughter of Captain Conn, of 
 Uniontown, Kentucky. Nine children were the 
 result of his marriage, of whom four lived to 
 manhood and womanhood. 
 
 In 182(i, when but nineteen years of age, he 
 was appointed postmaster of Cadiz, and in other 
 ways his merit was recognized and approved. 
 In 1.S35 he started out on a tour of inspection in 
 search of a better location, and arriving in St. 
 Louis was accidently detained here by a severe 
 illness, and thus by chance, or rather dispen- 
 sation of Providence, this noble character was 
 given to this city. Starting in business under 
 the name of Crow &; Tevis, the firm gradually 
 grew, known by the names of Crow, IMcCreery & 
 Company, Crow-Hargadine & Company, and 
 more recently the Hargadine-McKittrick Dry 
 Goods Company. For nearly half a century the 
 founder continued at its head, and through all 
 the financial storms of that period he maintained 
 its high reputation and credit. The panic of 
 l.S.")7 so hampered the house that insoh'ency 
 seemed ine\itable. Instead of making an assign- 
 ment and evading liabilit}', a circular was sent 
 out containing this sentence: 
 
 "To us, our commercial honor is as dear as 
 our lives; to preserve it, we are prepared to 
 make any pecuniary sacrifice short of impairing 
 our ability to pay ultimately every dollar we 
 owe." 
 
 The result was exactly what might be expected, 
 and every dollar was paid without delay. From 
 1S4() to IS;')!) Mr. Crow was president of the St. 
 Louis Chamber of Commerce, and he was twice 
 
«% 
 
 >. 
 
niOCRAPIIICAL APPliXniX. 
 
 1 ir. 
 
 sent to the State Senate. In l'S.')() he aided in 
 securinu; the charters of the Hannibal & St. 
 Joseph, and ^lissouri Pacific railroads, beins^ 
 one of the original contributors to the S1(K),()()() 
 fund for the latter road. He also obtained the 
 charter of the St. Louis Asylum for the Blind, 
 and of the ^Mercantile Library Hall Company, 
 and in hundreds of other ways his zeal for good 
 for the cit\- was manifest. Professor Water- 
 lumse, towards the end of Mr. Crow's life, 
 wrote an excellent sketch of his career which, 
 coming from a man who had been intimately 
 acquainted with him for so many years, is of ex- 
 ceptional value. From it we quote as follows: 
 " ]\Ir. Crow has always been an active supporter 
 of the public schools, but his gifts to Washing- 
 ton l'ni\-ersity are his most important contribu- 
 tions to the cause of education. He uiay indeed 
 be called the founder of that institution, inas- 
 much as he was the first to conceive the idea of 
 a university and to embody that idea in an 
 organic form. In the winter of LS.')3, during 
 his last term of service in the Senate, without 
 consultation with any one, he drafted, intro- 
 duced and secured the passage of the charter of 
 Washington University. In the remarks which 
 Mr. Crow made at the festival held on the "i^d 
 of April, 1-H.S2, in corameuioration of the 
 twentv-fifth anniversary of the foundation of 
 Washington University, he used these words: 
 
 " 'Almost thirty years ago, near the close of 
 my la.st senatorial term of office, without con- 
 sultation with others, I drew up and introduced 
 into the Senate the charter of this in.stitution.' 
 
 " The catholic provisions of that instrument, 
 its clear recognition of the literary wants of 
 St. Louis, its absolute prohibition of partisan 
 politics or sectarian religion in the administra- 
 tion of the university, attest the lil)erality and 
 practical sagacity of the mind that concei\ed it. 
 In June, 1X7.'), he gave !?25,(K)() to the uni\er- 
 sity for the endowment of the professorship of 
 ])hysics. The total amount of his endowment 
 is more than !*i'()(),(l(K). 
 
 "On the 1st of .March, l.sTS, Waxnian Cmw, 
 jr., died in Leamington, ICngland. In the 
 following sunnner his father, with the ajjpnnal 
 
 of his family, decided to erect a memorial art 
 museum. A lot 1")<) feet in front and 155 feet 
 in depth, situated at the corner of Lucas Place 
 and Nineteenth street was bought in February, 
 I'STH. The work of construction was at once 
 begun. The edifice was formally dedicated on 
 the lUth of May, 1881, and conveyed by deed to 
 Washington Universit>-, on the sole condition 
 that twenty-five thousand dollars should be 
 raised as a permanent fund, the interest of which 
 should be expended for works of art for the 
 museuui. 
 
 "The total cost of the ground and building 
 was about $i;35,()()(). The St. Louis Museum of 
 Fine Arts is a superb structure. Tasteful, well 
 built and admirabh- adapted to the use of an art 
 gallery, it is at once a beautiful memorial of a 
 beloved son and a lasting monument of the 
 beneficent public spirit of the father. 
 
 " During his life the aggregate of Mr. Crow's 
 gifts to his church, to Washington University, 
 to the support of the Union during the civil war, 
 to private charities and public enterprises, must 
 have amounted to $;^>()(), ()()(). Though a man 
 of wealth, Mr. Crow is not a millionaire. That 
 he, while yet living and still exposed to the 
 hazards of business, should from a comparatively 
 moderate fortune devote so large a sum to pub- 
 lic urunificence is proof of a liberality as rare 
 as it is noble. To give away money which the 
 owner can no longer use is not the highest ex- 
 ercise of benevolence; but to forestall death and 
 become the executor of his own legacies is the 
 act of an enlightened and self-denying bene- 
 factor. 
 
 "^Ir. Crow is a man of eminent iisefulness.. 
 F'or his honorable services in mercantile life, in 
 political trusts, in public enterprises, in educa- 
 tional work and in private charity, St. Louis 
 will long cherish the memory of its dis- 
 tinguished benefactor." 
 
 Mr. Wayman Crow died in the s])ring of 18.S5, 
 after a life of prolonged usefulness. Shakes- 
 peare speaks, half in sarcasm, of the necessity of 
 a man building his own uionument if he wi.shes 
 ti) be remembered after his death. I'"ew men 
 have erected more useful monuments in their 
 
]4fi 
 
 0[.n AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 life-time than .Mr. Crow, and the St. Louis Art 
 School, in the elegant home which he erected 
 for it, will keep his name familiar with students 
 and artists generally for ages to come. 
 
 Greelkv, C.A.RI.OS S., .son of Benjamin and 
 Rebecca (Whitcher) Greeley, was born at Salis- 
 bury, New Hampshire, in 1811. His father 
 was a farmer, and during the summer of each 
 year he worked on the farm and only attended 
 school during the winter months. Later he 
 attended a higher school at Salisbury, and on 
 the whole received an education abo\ e the a\er- 
 age of his neighbors. 
 
 His first business position was as clerk in the 
 retail store of Pettingill & Sanborn, at Brock- 
 port, New York, remaining here as clerk for 
 two years, and then borrowing from his father 
 sufficient money to purchase a quarter share in 
 the business. The business prospered, and the 
 partnership continued until 183(), when they 
 sold out and Mr. Sanborn moved to St. Louis. 
 Young Greeley remained behind, but in the fol- 
 lowing year followed his partner to this city, 
 and in Marcli, l-SiiS, entered into the wholesale 
 grocery- business witli Mr. Sanborn. 
 
 They commenced business on the Levee on a 
 very small scale, and soon after the opening, Mr. 
 Gale, an old friend of the partners, bought out 
 ilr. Sanborn's interest, and the firm became 
 known as Greeley & Gale. In 1858 Mr. C. B. 
 Burnham was admitted into the firm, which 
 then became C. B. Burnham & Company, re- 
 maining thus for eighteen years, when it was 
 again changed to Greeley, Burnham &Compan\-, 
 and in 187!t the firm was incorporated as the 
 Greeley-Burnham Grocer Company, with Mr. 
 C. S. Greeley as president; C. B. Burnham, vice- 
 president; Dwight Tredway, secretary; C. B. 
 Greeley, treasurer, and .\. H. Gale, assistant 
 secretary. 
 
 In May, 18!t3, the Greeley-Buruham Grocer 
 Company, and the firm of E. G. Scudder & 
 Brother were consolidated, and a new corpora- 
 tion formed, known as the Scudder-Gale Grocer 
 Company. This establishment, under :\Ir. Gree- 
 ley's management, became known as one of the 
 
 largest wholesale grocery houses in the I'uited 
 States and enjoyed the confidence of an unlim- 
 ited number of St. Louis merchants. Tlie 
 career of the house was an almost uniformly 
 prosperous one. In February, 1881, it was 
 burned out, and although the loss was a heavy 
 one, the calamity had the result of causing 
 C. vS. Greeley to erect at the corner of Lucas 
 a\-enue and Second street, a five-story l)rick 
 structure with a floor room of over ()4,()()() square 
 feet, making on the whole one of the most per- 
 fectly arranged wholesale grocery establishments 
 in the world, capable of carrying a stock of 
 between $300,000 and §400,000 in value, and 
 rated as high as any firm of its kind in this sec- 
 tion of the country. 
 
 Mr. Greeley's entire attention has not, howe\er, 
 been devoted to the wholesale grocer}- business, 
 for during the last fift>-four years he has been 
 connected with nearly all the great movements 
 which would conspire to make St. Louis great. 
 He was one of the first of the subscribers to the 
 Kansas & Pacific Railroad, and for several years 
 was its treasurer; also a director of the Missouri 
 Pacific Railroad. He is president of the Madison 
 County Ferry Company; also vice-president of the 
 L''nion Trust Company; president of the Wash- 
 ington Land and Mining Company, and director 
 of the L^^nion ^lining and Smelting Company; 
 he is also director in the Boatmen's Bank; he is a 
 director in the Crystal Plate Glass Compan\- 
 and the State Mutual Insurance Company, tlie 
 Greeley Mining Company of Colorado, and many 
 other \-ery important concerns; he was for a 
 period of nine }ears a member of the Public 
 School Board of Education, and made one of the 
 best presidents it ever had during his year as 
 chairman. He is an active member of the Sec- 
 ond Presbyterian Church, and is also a trustee 
 in the Liudenwood Seminary at St. Charles, 
 ^Missouri, and of the Washington University. 
 
 Mr. Greeley is now eighty-three years of age, 
 but he is a strong and active man, and is still 
 consulted on matters of special importance in 
 connection with the firm. In years gone by his 
 work as a philanthropist has been most success- 
 ful, and his name is honorablv connected with 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 he Soldiers' Home of St. l^ouis, and several 
 )ther most important concerns of this kind. 
 rie was always called upon to act as treasurer 
 n work of this description, and he kept his 
 iccounts as carefully as in his own business. 
 Vs treasurer of the Western Sanitary Comniis- 
 .ion, >^771, ()(»(» passed tlirou.iiii his hands, over 
 hrcc-fuurlhs of this amount being raised at the 
 ^lissi.ssippi Valley Sanitary Fair in May, ISfJ-i. 
 tVhen the commission concluded its labors and 
 ssued its last report, it concluded with the 
 lentence: '' Its funds have been kept, and its 
 inauces mana_o;ed with orreat care, faithfulness 
 md good judg;ment by its treasurer, Carlos S. 
 jreeley." 
 
 In 1.S41 he married Miss Kmily Robbins, 
 Hartford, Connecticut. He has had two chil- 
 Iren, one of whom, Mr. C. B. Greeley, is now 
 reasurer of the (Treeley-Burnham (irocer Com- 
 )any, while his daughter is the wife of Dwight 
 rredway, the secretary and managing partner 
 )f the same establishment. 
 
 TrTT, TiKKMA.s K., is another St. Louisau 
 vho has grown gra}' in his zeal for the city's 
 jood. No man than he has a higher reputation 
 or stern business rectitude and for foresight and 
 >;ood judgment. In every walk of life he has 
 Droved worthy of trusts bestowed in him, and as 
 ■eceiver of the Wabash Railroad his record has 
 :)een reuuirkable. He is now seventy-one >ears 
 )f age, having been born in Lnray, Page county, 
 V'irginia, on October 9, 1«22. The Tutts were 
 ,-ery prominent in \'irginia, and his father, Dr. 
 Liabriel Tutt, was a well-known and highlv- 
 respected physician. 
 
 For a short time he attended school in his 
 iati\-e cuunt\-, but before he was thirteen years 
 Df age Dr. and Mrs. Tutt removed to Cooper 
 :ounty, Missouri, and it was in this State that 
 young Tutt completed his education and com- 
 menced active life. On lea\ing school he ob- 
 ;ained a situation as stcu'e-clerk, receiving but 
 1 nominal salar\- in addition toliis bnard for the 
 first \ear's service. He did imt limit liis efforts 
 by the amount of his remuneration, and he 
 advanced so rapidly in the estimation of his 
 
 employers that his salary was increased from 
 time to time and he was given every facility for 
 learning the details of the business. 
 
 He was not built for a store-clerk, and he saved 
 so carefully that by the time he was twenty-two 
 years of age he had a thousand dollars to his 
 credit. With a friend and school-mate, Mr. L. 
 .S. Menefee, he then ojjened a general store at 
 Camden, Ray county, Missouri, the style of the 
 business being Tutt & Menefee. For four years 
 this continued to be profitable to both parties, 
 and in 1<S48 Mr. Tutt decided to move to a more 
 important center and engage more vigorously in 
 mercantile pursuits. Very fortuiuitely for St. 
 I^ouis, he selected this city for his purpose, and 
 associated himself with Mr. Jauies S. Watson. 
 
 The firm was known as Tutt & Watson, and 
 the joint capital of the young partners was nine 
 thousand dollars. The wholesale boot and shoe 
 business, in which it was engaged, proved very 
 successful, but at the end of five years the credit 
 feature became more prominent than Mr. Tutt 
 desired, and at his request the partnership was 
 dissol\-ed, the sum of eighty-four thousand 
 dollars being available for distribution. Mr. 
 Tutt was then but little over thirty }-ears of age, 
 and his success had been phenomenal, especially 
 as he had commenced without capital and with- 
 out any special backing. 
 
 His next undertaking was in the wholesale 
 grocer\' and commission business, the firm name 
 being Humphreys, Tutt &. Kerry. This was 
 also very successful, but in 18o« Mr. Tutt re- 
 tired owing to ill health, taking a year's rest. 
 In 1H.')9 he opened a wholesale commission busi- 
 ness, dealing chiefly in products and importa- 
 tions coming through New Orleans. Shortly 
 l)efore the outbreak of the war, his brother, Mr. 
 I). J. Tutt, and Mr. John F. Baker were brouglit 
 into the firm, which liecame known as Thomas 
 K. Tutt tv: Company. Its operations were very 
 largely extended, and it became one of the larg- 
 est wholesale commission firms in this section. 
 
 Mr. Tutt's connection with this house con- 
 tinued until l.S(;4, when he withdrew, and 
 associating himself with his brother and Mr. R. 
 W. Donald, of St. Joseph, Missouri, he estab- 
 
148 
 
 '.)Li^ AXP xi-:\v ST. i.oris. 
 
 lished a mercantile house in Virginia City, 
 Montana. The following year his physician 
 advised him to go to the Rocky Mountains for 
 his health, and on the 14th of April of that year 
 he, in company with his brother, D. G. Tutt, 
 and young Rollins, of Columbia, Missouri, em- 
 barked on a stern-wheel boat at St. Joseph. 
 After a voyage of eighty-two days up the river, 
 they arrived at the settlement from which the 
 town of Helena, Montana, has since grown. 
 
 There were then, about thirty years ago, more 
 tents than hou.ses on the townsite, but this did 
 not deter Mr. Tutt from his enterprise, and the 
 firm of Tutt & Donald was established as a 
 mercantile and banking house, with a branch at 
 Deer Lodge. The adventures of the trip and of 
 the early da\s in Montana proved beneficial to 
 Mr. Tutt, whose health gradually improved, and 
 who escaped the vengeance of the Blackfeet 
 Indians, who were apt to put on the war-paint 
 at the least provocation. 
 
 There was a great deal of suffering during the 
 winter of lS(ir)-(), when an iniinense number of 
 those who took part in the rush to the vSun River 
 mines were badly frozen. Many of these were 
 from the same State as Mr. Tutt himself, and 
 starting a subscription list with a most liberal 
 donation, he established a hospital which took 
 care of the sufferers. The counties of Lewis 
 and Clark, Montana, have continued the hospital 
 ever since, and it is still carrying out the original 
 ideas of the promoters. In the following fall 
 Mr. Tutt, accompanied by Mr. Rollins, went to 
 Fort Benton, where in a large open boat, with 
 thirteen Missourians for a crew, they started for 
 Cow Island. In this frail boat there was more 
 than a quarter of a million dollars, Mr. Tutt 
 alone having with him s2:^,0<)() in gold dust. 
 There was, of course, considerable danger of be- 
 ing captured by Indians, but the road agents 
 were so busy at that time that this trip was pre- 
 ferable to a stage-coach ride. 
 
 In 1870 Mr. Tutt returned to St. Louis, where 
 he resumed the financial connections he had had 
 prior to establishing those in Montana. Six- 
 teen years before he had been elected b\- the 
 State Legislature a director of the Bank of the 
 
 State of Missouri, a position he held for eleven 
 years, when his ^lontana business compelled 
 him to resign. During his term of office he was 
 responsible for the legislation which legalized 
 the temporary suspension of specie payment on 
 the outbreak of the war, and thus enabled the 
 l)ank to escape the legal interference which 
 would otherwise ha\'e been inevitable. 
 
 vShortly after returning from Montana, he 
 associated himself with Mr. James M. Francis- 
 cus and founded the Haskell Bank, of which he 
 became first president. He also served as di- 
 rector of the Lucas Bank, and in 1877 accepted 
 the presidency of the Third National Bank, hold- 
 ing the office for twelve years. After serving for 
 several years as director of the \Val)ash, St. 
 Louis ^ Pacific Railroad, he was in ^lay, 1<S,S4, 
 appointed one of the receivers of the road, 
 accepting the largest trust ever recorded. 
 
 It would be a mistake to suppose that Mr. 
 Tutt has devoted his entire energies to money- 
 making. As president of the Board of Trustees 
 of the Missouri Institution for the Blind, he 
 gave that institution the full l.ieuefit of his sound 
 business knowledge, and for at least fort\- years 
 he has supported every project which he re- 
 garded as bona fide and for the city's good. 
 His interest in the Mercantile Library Asso- 
 ciation has always been great, and he was at one 
 time its president. 
 
 Ha\iug an unbounded faith in the future of 
 St. Louis, he has invested heavily in real estate, 
 and has erected several costly buildings, includ- 
 ing the Simmons hardware establishment, on 
 Ninth and Washington avenue. He has retained 
 throughout his lengthy career a kind, genial 
 disposition, and in his prosperity he has never 
 forgotten those friends of his youth who have 
 not climbed the ladder .so rapidly as he has done. 
 Starting out without capital, he has made for 
 himself a unique position, not only in the local 
 world, but also in national railroad circles, and 
 his name is held in high admiration by all. 
 
 In 1S().") he married the eldest daughter of Dr. 
 James H. Bennett, and the niece of Hon. James 
 S. Rollins, of Columbia, Missouri. The Iad\- 
 died at Cleveland, Ohio, in September, ISlU. 
 
IUO(,R. IPHICAI. .U'J'/iA'D/X. 
 
 Seven years later, on December Ti, 1.S71, lie mar- 
 ried Miss Sallie R. Rodes, daughter of Colonel 
 Clifton Rodes, of Danville, Kentucky, by whom 
 he had two daughters, who arc now completing 
 their education in Xew York. 
 
 KkA.N-ciScrs, Jami:s M., son of John and 
 .Mary ( Thom])son ) I*'rauciscus, was born June 
 if), 1809, at Baltimore, Maryland. He received 
 a very good education in a private school at 
 Baltimore, under the tuition of Rev. Mr. Gib- 
 son, and soon after 
 leaving school he 
 went into the bro- 
 kerage business on 
 his own acconn t , 
 liu\iug and selling 
 un current money. 
 
 In l.s;>(), wdien he 
 w a s twenty-seven 
 }ears of age, he re- 
 nuned to Louisville, 
 Kentucky, where 
 he established a 
 similar business and 
 continued until 
 1S4(). He then came 
 to St. Louis and 
 joined his brother, 
 Mr. John T. Fran- 
 ciscus, the two es- 
 tablishing the bank- 
 ing business of 
 Franciscus & Com- 
 pany, on Main street, 
 
 four doors north of Olive street. Fifty \ear- 
 ago Main street was, of course, the inincipal 
 thoroughfare of thecit\", and the firm did a \er\- 
 substantial business within sight of the ri\er. 
 
 In 1.S44, .Mr. J. M. Franciscus went to Xew 
 (Orleans, wdiere lie endxxrked in the brokerage 
 bu.siness alone, but returned to St. Louis three 
 years later, and went once more into the bank- 
 ing business, this time as a member of the house 
 of George F). H. (iray & Company, the firm 
 being composed of Mr. Grav and himself, and 
 Messrs. Stephen Haskell and ( ieorge G. Pres- 
 
 JAMES M. FRANCISCUS 
 
 buryj Jr. The firm continued as thus compo.sed 
 until l.s.")2, when Mr. F'ranciscus with Mr. Has- 
 kell and Mr. John H. Billings, established the 
 banking firm of Ha.skell & Company. 
 
 This bank was a very sound one, and enjoyed 
 the confidence of the entire city and vicinity, 
 Messrs. Haskell and Billings retiring from active 
 Inisiness, 'Six. In-anciscus continued under the 
 same name, and in 18(53 he admitted into part- 
 nershi]) with him Messrs. Edward G. Moses and 
 .Steward vSteel, who had been employed in the 
 bank in a clerical 
 capacity. The firm 
 dissolved in 1870, 
 when the Haskell 
 Bank was incorpo- 
 rated, with Thomas 
 E. Tuttas president, 
 •nd Mr. Franciscus 
 as vice-president. 
 
 b'or two years the 
 bank c o n t i n n e d 
 without losing a dol- 
 lar in a single trans- 
 action, and in 1872 
 it closed out its busi- 
 ness and sold its 
 good-will to the 
 Lucas Bank, which 
 occupied the same 
 quarters and at once 
 selected Mr. F'ran- 
 ciscus as director. 
 ^Ir. Franciscus had 
 intended to retire 
 .nking l)usiness, and the election 
 his knowledge and a great sur- 
 Recognizing in it an act of 
 courtesy and a distinct \-ote of confidence, he 
 consented to remain on the board. 
 
 He was then asked to become president of the 
 bank, but at first refused, only yielding idti- 
 mately on the strong and unanimous pressure of 
 the directors. He accepted the position as 
 president and held the oiifice for two years, when 
 he recommended the winding up of the busi- 
 ness, which was agreed to. The bank had paid 
 
 from actix'e 1 
 was without 
 prise to hir 
 
150 
 
 OLD AXn NEW ST. LOL'IS. 
 
 annual di\i(lencls of from six to eight per cent, 
 and when its business was finally closed, re- 
 turned to its stockholders $119 to $120 for every 
 I! 100 worth of stock. Under the arranj^enients 
 made by Mr. Franciscus and the board of di- 
 rectors, all the accounts were transferred to the 
 Mechanics' Bank, and the change was effected 
 without difficult)- or annoyance to any one. 
 
 Mr. Franciscus' able bank management at- 
 tracted the attention of the Third National 
 Bank, which in l.SiSO persuaded him to accept 
 its vice-presidency, a position he held until 
 1887, when, owing to advancing years, he insisted 
 on retiring from active work. Mr. Franciscus 
 is now eighty-four years of age, but he still en- 
 joys good health and is in full enjoyment of all 
 his faculties. He was actively engaged in the 
 brokerage business and the banking business for 
 upwards of fifty-fiva» years, and saw all the lead- 
 ing revolutions in the banking system of the 
 last half century. 
 
 He is a financier of marked ability, and hav- 
 ing come to St. Louis when it was little more 
 than a frontier village, he has watched its 
 growth into a metropolitan city with great in- 
 terest, and he is one of the men who have con- 
 tributed to its establishment on a sound finan- 
 cial basis, which it is acknowledged to possess 
 to-day, and to build up for its banking institu- 
 tions a name and standing unexcelled by those 
 of any cit\- in the Union. 
 
 He married in the year l.S(;4, ;\Irs. William 
 Wade, of vSt. lyonis. 
 
 Shapleigh, Augustus Frederick, is a na- 
 tive of New Hampshire, and was born in Ports- 
 mouth, on January 9, 1810. His family, of 
 English lineage, emigrated to this country in the 
 interests of Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain 
 John Mason, in the year 1635. They settled 
 in the Colony of Massachusetts, at Kittery Point, 
 on the river Piscataqua ( now in the State of 
 Maine), and in the Massachusetts court records 
 is the following entr\-: 
 
 "Forasmuch as the house at the river's mouth 
 where Mr. Shapleigh first built, and Hilton now 
 dwelleth; in regard it was first house ther bylt." 
 
 Alexander .Shapleigh, merchant and ship- 
 owner of Totnes, Devon, had this distinction, 
 and he was the progenitor of all of this name in 
 America. In the early days many important 
 trusts under the British crown were held by his 
 descendants, and portions of his possessions are 
 still owned by members of the family, represent- 
 ing a tenure of more than 2.50 years — something 
 quite unusual in this land of rapid changes. 
 
 Mr. Shapleigh's father, Richard Waldron, was 
 also a ship-owner, and was lost with his ship 
 Granville off Rye Beach, when returning 
 with a valuable cargo. This disaster left the 
 family in reduced circumstances financially, and 
 Augustus, a mere boy of fourteen, was compelled 
 to take a clerkship in a hardware store in Ports- 
 mouth at a salary of S50 per annum, and boarded 
 himself. He continued at this for about a year 
 and then embarked in a sailor's life, making 
 several European voyages which consumed three 
 years of his time. 
 
 At the earnest solicitation of his mother and 
 sisters he was induced to leave the sea, and 
 re-entered the hardware store in which he first 
 served, continuing there some years, when he 
 accepted a position with Rogers Brothers & Com- 
 pany, an old and well established hardware 
 house of Philadelphia. With this firm he was 
 connected until 18-13, having obtained therein an 
 interest as junior partner and a promising start 
 in business. 
 
 Desiring to enlarge their operations, the firm 
 determined to open a branch establishment at 
 St. Louis, and there in 1843 Mr. Shapleigh 
 opened the hardware house of Rogers, Shapleigh 
 &: Company. At the death of Mr. Rogers, 
 which occurred not long after, Mr. Thomas D. 
 Day was admitted, and the business was con- 
 tinued until 18(i3 under the name of Shapleigh, 
 Day &; Company, when, Mr. Day retiring, the 
 firm name became A. F. Shapleigh & Conipau}-, 
 and so continued until July, 1880. At this time 
 the business was merged into a corporation, 
 under the name of the A. F. Shapleigh & Cant- 
 well Hardware Company, which continued until 
 January 1, 1X88, when the name was changed to 
 ".\. F. Shapleigh Hardware Company." 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 151 
 
 ^Ir. A. F. Shapleiuh retains the presidenc\-, 
 tlie otlier offices being filled by his sons, as fol- 
 lows: Frank Shapleigh, vice-president; Rich- 
 ard W. Shapleigh, second vice-president, and 
 Alfred Lee Shapleigh, secretary and treasnrer. 
 
 The history of the honse has been one of prog- 
 ress and prosperit\-, the resnlt largely of the 
 personal labor and business capacity of its presi- 
 dent. ( )n December 11, IlScSii, the company 
 lost by fire its entire stock of goods, which for a 
 time necessarily crippled their operations and 
 entailed serious financial loss. Bnt by energy 
 and application this has all been regained, and 
 the honse bids fair in FSi-i;-} to celebrate the con- 
 snmniation of fifty years of honorable bnsiness 
 existence. From a modest start in ISlo the 
 company now occnpies a greater portion of the 
 handsome building of the Boatmen's Bank at 
 the northwest corner of Washington avenue and 
 Fourth street, with i;-50,0()() square feet of floor 
 area, which is filled with merchandise pertain- 
 ing to their business. Their, operations extend 
 from Ohio and Indiana on the east, throughout 
 the north and south and to the Pacific Ocean on 
 the west. A large force of traveling salesmen 
 are constantly employed, and the business of 
 the firm shows an annual increase in volume. 
 
 In addition to being a pioneer in the hard- 
 ware business of the West, Mr. Shapleigh has 
 been identified with other enterprises of a finan- 
 cial character, in which his judgment has been 
 highly prized and to which his name has lent 
 additional strength. He has been connected, as 
 trustee and director, with the State Bank of 
 St. Louis, formerh- the State Savings Institu- 
 tion, since February, 1S5H, and still attends 
 activel)' to the duties pertaining to that position. 
 He has also served as director in the Merchants' 
 National Bank from April, ISt!:^, to July 1, I-Siio, 
 at which time he resigned in fa\-or of his son, 
 Alfred. 
 
 He was for many years president of the 
 Plufuix Fire Insurance Company, and still 
 retains the vice-presidency of the Covenant 
 Mutual Life Insurance Company. In addition 
 to these enterprises, Mr. Shapleigh has been in- 
 terested in the minin<"- industr\- for a number of 
 
 years, having been prominently connected with 
 the Hope Mining Company and the C.rauitc 
 Mountain Mining Company; the wonderful suc- 
 cess of the latter company having done nnich to 
 advance the material interests of St. Louis. 
 
 Personally, Mr. Shapleigh is a man of retir- 
 ing disposition, and he has never sought public 
 office or political preferment. He is of a kind 
 and generous nature, and his charity is not often 
 appealed to in vain when the object is a worthv 
 one. In religion, he is a professor of the Pres- 
 byterian faith and a member of the Central 
 Presbyterian Church. In politics, he is a Repub- 
 lican, and during the ci\il war his conxictious 
 were those of the North. 
 
 In 1838, at Philadelphia, he married Eliza- 
 beth Ann Umstead, who was born March 25, 
 1818, and who is now living. Eight children 
 were the fruits of their union, six of them are 
 now living — five sons and a daughter (Mrs. J. 
 Will Boyd). Frank, Augustus F., Jr., Richard 
 W., and Alfred L. are actively engaged in the 
 hardware business, and John H. is a proiuinent 
 aurist of St. Louis. 
 
 Although now at an advanced age, Mr. Shap- 
 leigh is yet in the full enjoyment of his facul- 
 ties and possesses a vigor that surpasses that of 
 many younger men. He still rejoices in the 
 loved companionship of his wife, a companion- 
 ship which for more than half a centur\- has 
 lightened life's cares and brightened life's 
 promises. 
 
 Walsh, Edwwrd, nnist also be included in 
 the list of pioneers who forced St. Louis to the 
 front, regardless of difficulties and discourage- 
 ments. He was born in County Tipperary, Ire- 
 land, December:^?, ITHN. Being a member of 
 a family of ele\-en, he learnt in his boyhood 
 lessons of industry and thrift, and as soon as he 
 was old enough he commenced work. His 
 school days ended when he was twelve \ears of 
 age, and the next four years saw him engaged 
 in a store kept by a cousin. 
 
 For another four \ears he was associated with 
 his brother in a mill and brewing establishment, 
 but shorth- before he completed his twentieth 
 
OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 year he left Ireland for America, to join a cousin 
 in Louisville. Xot finding; the openiu"' he sought 
 in the Kentucky town he came on to St. Louis, 
 and after looking; over the ground built a mill 
 in St. Genevieve count\-, where he conducted a 
 profitable business until 1824, when he sold out 
 and started another mill in Madison county. 
 
 Shortly afterwards he located permanently in 
 St. Louis, establishing the general merchandise 
 house of J. & E. Walsh, in partnership with 
 his brother. His heart, however, was still set 
 upon the milling business, and in 1831, he pur- 
 chased the mill on the corner of Florida street 
 and the Levee, which was built in 1827, and for 
 a long time held the record of producing more 
 flour than an\- other mill in St. Louis. He also 
 secured two' other mills, and his operations 
 assumed a gigantic scale. Later, he connected 
 himself with steamboating, investing some half 
 a million dollars he had saved from his earnings, 
 and being interested in more than twenty-one 
 vessels that were plying on the western waters. 
 The firm had a practical monopoly of the (laleua 
 lead business, out of which it realized an im- 
 mense sum of money. 
 
 Mr. Walsh was one of the first to take an 
 active part in the agitation in favor of railroads 
 for St. Louis. He was one of the original direct- 
 ors of the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, 
 and one of the original stockholders in the Ohio 
 & Mississippi and North Missouri Railroad 
 companies. The name of Walsh is so well con- 
 nected with the street railroad system of vSt. 
 Louis, that it is scarcely necessary to mention 
 the fact that Mr. Edward Walsh was one of the 
 first to insist upon the laying of street railroad 
 tracks in the city, and the organizing of com- 
 panies to operate them. He also found time 
 from his apparently exhausting duties to helji 
 found the old bank of the State of Missouri and 
 also the Merchants' National Bank, besides 
 which he was a director and stockholder in the 
 Missouri Insurance and Union Insurance com- 
 panies. 
 
 He ne\er seemed to know what fatigue was, 
 and he worked day and night with never-vary- 
 ing energy, di.splaying an amount of common 
 
 sense and acti\'ity which were at once subjects of 
 surprise and admiration. To say that he was a 
 self-made man, is to express a great truth in a 
 very commonplace manner. His parents were 
 unable to assist him beyond giving him a pri- 
 mary education, and he came to this country 
 practically without either friends or refer- 
 ences. He was never discouraged by temporary 
 failures, and he persisted in his efforts until he 
 acquired not ouh' an enormous fortune, but also 
 a reputation of which au\' man might well be 
 proud. He found ample time to devote to neces- 
 sary works of charity, and he derived special 
 pleasure from assisting young immigrants in 
 whom he thought he saw a desire to work and 
 prosper by fair means. Several of these young 
 men assisted by him ha\e since risen to posi- 
 tions of importance in the city and State, and 
 Mr. Walsh's name has thus been perpetuated in 
 a most pleasant and honorable manner. 
 
 Personally, he declined political advancement 
 or office of every kind, although he was fre- 
 (iuciit]\' tendered nominations. He, howe\'er, 
 did some e.Ncellent work by assisting and sup- 
 porting Thomas H. Benton, one of his most 
 intimate friends and in whose interest he worked 
 unselfishly and eagerh". 
 
 Mr. Walsh died on March 2;'>, ISCC, mourned 
 by a large circle of friends and also by thou- 
 sands of ]>fo]ile who, while not personally ac- 
 quainted with him, were aware and aj^preciatiNe 
 of his brilliant jniblic work. He was twice 
 married: first in l'S22, to ^liss Maria Tucker, and 
 secondly in 1.S4(), to Miss Isabelle de Mun, 
 daughter of Julius de Mun. :\Irs. Walsh died 
 May 2(;, 1.S77. 
 
 Si.x children sur\'ived their honored father. 
 The oldest, Ellen, was married to Mr. Solon 
 Humphries, of New York, at one tinre president 
 of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway. 
 The other children were: Julius S. Walsh, 
 Marie C, who was married to Mr. B. M. Cham- 
 bers, of vSt. Louis county; J. A. Walsh, Edward 
 Walsh, Jr., and Daniel E. Walsh, all three of 
 whom contributed largely during their active 
 business career to the progress of the cit\-, and 
 its surroundings. 
 
;- i 
 
 (fa^ ^j^^^^-^i^i-^ 
 
C?l 
 
 xL^'S^JL.li 
 
lUOCRA P/f/CA L APPENDIX. 
 
 Walsh, Julius S., president of tlie Missis- 
 sippi Valley Trust Company, one of the most 
 prominent figures in the financial and business 
 circles of St. Louis for the past thirty years, 
 was born in this city December 1, 1.S42, and 
 was the son of Kdward and Isabella ( De.Muu ) 
 Walsh. His father was a native of Ireland, 
 who emii^vated to this country in ISl.'i, first 
 settling in Louisville, Kentucky, and who iu 
 1.Sl'4 renu)ved to St. Louis and established the 
 well lemembered firm of J. & E. Walsh. 
 
 After receiving the usual primary instructions, 
 Julius entered the St. Louis University, where 
 he remained until IS.Til, when he became a stu- 
 dent at St. Joseph College, Beardstowu, Keu- 
 tuck>-, and graduated from that well-known insti- 
 tution in IStU. In ISi;;; the St. Louis I'niversity 
 conferred upon him the degree of Master of 
 Arts. In 1<'S()4 Columbia College conferred 
 upon him the degree of LL.B., and he was also 
 admitted to the bar in the State of Xew York iu 
 that year. 
 
 In bsilf he relumed to St. Louis and entered 
 the firm of J. X: K. Walsh. Two years later his 
 father, the senior member of tlie firm, died, 
 leaving the management of the business to 
 Julius, and from LSIili until LSTO he was oc- 
 cupied in .settling up the affairs of his father's 
 estate. His able manageiueut of this large trust 
 surprised many and gratified all; and those ca- 
 ])able of judging, claimed for Julius vS. Walsh a 
 future career iu the financial world. That 
 those predictions were aui])ly fulfilled, this brief 
 sketch will show. 
 
 Iu l.STO he turned his attention to the street 
 railwa\- system of St. Louis, and in the same 
 year was electetl president of the Citizens' Kail- 
 wa\' Compaux' and of the Fair (irouuds and 
 Suburban Railroad Comjiany. He then held 
 successively the presidency of the following 
 roads: The People's Railway, the Tower (irove 
 and Lafayette Railway, the Northern Central 
 Railway and the Cass A\-enue and Fair C'xrounds 
 RaiKva\'. In 18S2 he was chosen a director of 
 the Third National Bank of St. Louis. 
 
 in 1.S74 he was elected president of tlie St. 
 Louis .V^ricultnval and Mechanical .\ssociation. 
 
 and .served as its chief executive for four consecu- 
 tive years, infusing into the mauagement an 
 energy and method strikingly characteristic of 
 all his business operations. When he became 
 jiresident of the association, its large grounds 
 were occupied for one week during the year; he 
 at once proceeded to make the grounds attract- 
 i\'e at all seasons and on e\-ery day of the year. 
 He erected an art gallery, founded the zoological 
 gardens, which became one of St. Louis' best 
 attractions, the garden containing at one time 
 some of the rarest speciuiensof the auiuial king- 
 dom iu America. He erected the Natural His- 
 tory Building, and embellished the grounds 
 throughout with trees, flowers, drives and 
 grade walks, giving to the ])eople of St. Louis 
 one of the pleasantest spots on earth for recrea- 
 tion. 
 
 In LS7.") he was elected president of the South 
 Pass Jetty Company, St. Louis Bridge Company 
 and the Tunnel Railroad of St. Louis. In IXHS 
 he was elected president of the Municipal Light 
 and Power Company of St. Louis, and iu !'"<'.• 1 
 president of the Mississippi \'alle\- Trust Com- 
 pany. He is now a director in the Laclede 
 National Bank; a director in the Ohio and Mis- 
 sissippi Railroad Company; chairman of the 
 Board of Control of the St. Louis F'air Grounds 
 Club; member of the vSt. Louis University and 
 Marquette clubs. He has also been vice-presi- 
 dent of the Mercantile Library Association. • 
 
 From the above brief mention of the impor- 
 tant and responsible positions which have been 
 held by Mr. Walsh, it will be seen that it falls 
 to the lot of few men in a life-time to achieve 
 the success and be so largely identified with the 
 industrial and business interests of a great com- 
 mercial metropolis, as has Mr. Walsh in the last 
 eighteen years. He has thus had a wide field for 
 the e.xerci.se of his splendid business talent and 
 great executive ability, and been enabled to ac- 
 quire a character as a man of affairs second to 
 none other in the city. 
 
 His mauagement and administration of the 
 affairs of the \-arious corporations of which he 
 has been the execntixe head, ha\-e won for him 
 the confidence of the business men of the cit\-. 
 
154 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 and the respect and re.s^ard of all with whom he 
 has come in contact. 
 
 Mr. Walsh married, January 11, ISTO, :\Iiss 
 Josie Dickson, daughter of Charles K. Dick.son, 
 of this city. They have seven children — Charles 
 K. D., Isabelle S., Jr., Robert A. B., Ellen 
 Humphreys, Josephine and N. S. Chouteau. 
 
 IvEiGHTON, George PIliot. — There are in 
 St. Louis several men who for upwards of a 
 quarter of a century have been identified with 
 nearly every movement designed to force the 
 city to the front, but it is doubtful whether an\' 
 have really accomplished more for the city's 
 lasting good than the president of the Board of 
 Trustees of Washington l"ni\ersity. 
 
 Colonel George Eliot Leighton, who has filled 
 this honorable position for the last six years, 
 was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, March 7, 
 lf<35. He is a lineal descendant of Captain 
 John Leighton, son of one of Cromwell's lieu- 
 tenants, who came to this country in 18.')(), and 
 tlie family have filled an honorable place in New 
 England history e\-er since that year. They 
 bore a full share in the troubles incident to the 
 establishment of a colony in a country inhabited 
 by hostile Indians. The\- also served in the 
 various Indian wars, in the war with France, and 
 in the struggle for independence. 
 
 During the eighteenth century they were 
 among the leaders in merchandise and sliipping. 
 Colonel Leighton's father, Mr. Eliot Leighton, 
 a native of the town of hUiot, in Maine, was a 
 merchant with extensive business interests in 
 Boston and Cincinnati. When the subject of 
 this sketch was about ten years of age, Mr. 
 Eliot Leighton took up his residence in the 
 latter city, and nuich of Colonel Leighton's box- 
 hood was spent in the Ohio metropolis. He 
 graduated with honors from Woodward at the 
 age of eighteen, and having studied law for three 
 years was admitted to practice in the United 
 States and Ohio courts in the year LS;")!). Three 
 years later he came to St. Louis and entered 
 upon the practice of his profession. 
 
 He had just become fairly established when 
 the war broke out, and his legal career was in 
 
 consequence interrupted. There were few more 
 ardent Unionists in St. Louis than the young 
 New Englander, who at once made his influence 
 felt, and who encouraged a Unionist sentiment 
 and brought many waverers into line. He 
 entered the Federal service as lieutenant in the 
 Third Missouri Infantry, R. C. , and during the 
 summer of ISlJl was engaged in active ser\ice 
 in the field. Later he was appointed major of 
 the Fifth Missouri S. M. Ca\-alry, and subse- 
 quently transferred to the Twelfth Regiment of 
 Cavalry. 
 
 In the fall of LSlil he was a.ssigned to dnt\ 
 as provost-marshal of the St. Louis Division, 
 under General Halleck, and he was in charge 
 of the city during the critical period of the 
 winter of lS(il-(i2. He won generous expres- 
 sions of approval from Generals Halleck, Curtis, 
 Schofield, Hamilton and Davidson, under whom 
 he served during the years 1862 and L'<(>3, and 
 he was finally commissioned as colonel of the 
 Seventh Regiment Missouri E. M. M. Alto- 
 gether Colonel Leighton's war record is a unique 
 and honorable one, and finally the cause he had 
 so much at heart triumphed and he was al)le 
 to resume the profession of his choice. 
 
 He was soon in active practice, and in addi- 
 tion to his other business was appointed general 
 counsel to the Missouri Pacific Railroad, a posi- 
 tion he filled in a highly satisfactory manner 
 until the \ear 1<S74, when he decided to relin- 
 quish general practice and de\ote himself 
 exclusi\ely to his growing railroad and manu- 
 facturing and business interests. In the follow- 
 ing year he became president of the " Bridge .S: 
 Beach Manufacturing Company," an office he 
 has held e\'er since. This company has be- 
 come one of the largest as well as the oldest 
 manufacturers of iron in the West. 
 
 He is a director of the Boatmen's Ikuik, the 
 Union Trust Company and of other important 
 financial corporations. Seventeen years ago he 
 was appointed a member of the Board of Trust- 
 ees of the Washington University, and has 
 gi\en much attention to its affairs. In ISS?, 
 upon the death of Dr. Wni. (\. FHiot, he was 
 elected president of the board. He has been 
 
niOCRAPHICAL APPKXD/X. 
 
 l.V) 
 
 e\-en more zealous since tliis honor was confer- 
 red upon him than before, and his work in the 
 cause of the great university has proved of 
 inestimable vahie to that institution. 
 
 In a nunil)er of other ways Colonel Leighton 
 has shown that the accumulation of wealth is 
 not the only nor indeed the main object of his 
 life. For ten years he has been president of the 
 Missouri Historical Society. He has also been 
 a leading spirit in the New England Society, of 
 which he has acted as president. He was also 
 for four years president of the Commercial Club, 
 and took an active part in the agitation which 
 resulted in the substitution of granite streets in 
 the down-town districts, and in earning for 
 St. Louis the proud record of having better 
 paved streets than any other American city. 
 He is also a member of the St. Louis Academy 
 of Science, and is prominent in the counsels of 
 the St. Louis School of Fine Arts and of the 
 St. Louis Medical College. 
 
 Colonel Leighton is a member of the ilissouri 
 Commanden- of the Loyal Legion, and also of 
 the Missouri Society of the Sons of the Ameri- 
 can Revolution. In addition to the Commercial 
 Club, Colonel Leighton is also an honored mem- 
 ber of the St. Louis and University clubs, and 
 Df the Union and Union League, two of the 
 leading clubs of New York City. 
 
 His home life is quiet, refined and dignified. 
 He married, in the year 18(j2, Miss Isabella, 
 :laughter of Honorable Hudson E. Bridge; she 
 :lied in 1888. He has one son, George Bridge 
 Leighton, now nearly thirty years of age. A 
 conspicuous feature of the Leighton home is 
 the extensive library, which could hardly be 
 duplicated in the West. The books have been 
 collected in Europe and America with the great- 
 sst judgment, and they reflect the tastes and 
 plea.sures of the collector. Nowhere can a 
 grander collection of literature, dealing with the 
 early history of the Mississippi Valley, be found, 
 and various scientific and historical departments 
 according with his especial tastes are covered 
 uiost completely. Colonel Leighton spends each 
 summer at his home in Dublin, New Hampshire, 
 Du the northern shore of Lake Monadnock. 
 
 Colonel Leighton has never taken an active 
 part in politics, though in times of necessity he 
 has come forward to assist his party. He is a 
 Republican from principle and is a careful stu- 
 dent of political history. He is a fine, powerful- 
 looking man, and excels physically as well as 
 mentally. His career has been signally honor- 
 able and successful, and he is looked up to with 
 love and respect by thousands of his fellow-citi- 
 zens. In every walk of life, as soldier, lawyer, 
 financier, student, philanthropist and citizen, 
 he has made a most honorable record, and there 
 are few men in St. Louis who have done more 
 to mould public opinion and maintain a manly, 
 dignified and self-respecting course on every 
 occasion. 
 
 Within the last )'ear he has succeeded in a 
 matter which, although at first sight does not 
 appear of special importance, involved the recog- 
 nition of St. Louis as a metropolitan city, and 
 its being advertised both in this country and in 
 Europe. Reference is made to the naming of 
 the first ocean greyhound built in this country. 
 Mr. Leighton presided at a meeting held in the 
 Mayor's ofiice with a view to the name being 
 "St. Louis," and he subsequently headed a 
 deputation to the owners at Philadelphia, w-hich 
 resulted iu a favorable response. The ship is 
 now being constructed, and, thanks largely to 
 the efforts of Mr. Leighton, its name will be a 
 reminder for many \ears of the greatness of this 
 city, and of the thoughtful enterprise of its 
 citizens. 
 
 Buck, IVIvrdx ;\I., was born iu Manchester, 
 Ontario count}-, New York, January l(i, 1838. 
 His ancestors settled in Central New York 
 when the country was wild and uncultivated, 
 his grandfather, Mr. Theophilus Short, having 
 been a member of the "Old Holland Land Pur- 
 chase Company" which, attracted by the fertil- 
 ity of the soil in the undeveloped di.strict, 
 purchased a greater portion of Central New 
 York. 
 
 The company at once proceeded to establish 
 homes for the i)ioneers who were its leading 
 spirits. The venture was a daring one, but it 
 
156 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 proved so successful that not only did the settlers 
 establish homes for theinseh'es, but they were 
 able to leave valuable legacies to their desceud- 
 ants. His maternal grandfather was one of the 
 most active of the settlers and, consequently, be- 
 came very prominent. The manufacturing town 
 of Shortsville, on the New York Central road, 
 was named after this gentleman. 
 
 It was here that Myron M. Buck, the founder 
 of one of the largest railroad supply houses in 
 the country, was born and brought up. He 
 received a first-class common school education, 
 and at the age of eighteen was in a position to 
 make his way in the world. He traveled 
 throughotat Western New York and Canada, and 
 finally located in New York Cit\-, where he 
 secured employment in a manufacturing estab- 
 lishment. His early inclination was to build 
 up a business for himself, and almost from the 
 first he showed a taste for manufacturing which 
 would have done credit to a man twice his age. 
 
 A man of these tastes and abilities naturally 
 looks west for a location, and he spent three 
 >ears in Chicago, wdiere he acquired much valu- 
 able information. In l.sr)S he removed to St. 
 Louis, where he engaged in the manufacturing 
 of car trimmings. Acting on the policy that 
 what a man wants done well he must do him- 
 self, Mr. Buck gave his entire personal atten- 
 tion to the work, and was soon the owner as well 
 as manager of a depot for the sale of all kinds 
 of railroad supplies. 
 
 This was the first establishment of its kind in 
 the Mississippi Valley, and it has held its own 
 during the pa.st thirty-two years against every 
 competitor and rival. It attracted attention to 
 St. Louis in every practical manner during the 
 extensive railroad building period of the seven- 
 ties, and the amount of business that it has 
 brought here has been very large indeed. As 
 already stated, the house is now one of the largest 
 in the country, and it is the admiration of the 
 city of St. Louis for several reasons. 
 
 He has had control of a number of enormous 
 contracts, all of which have been carried out 
 lM-onii>tl\- without a hitch; and if ever a man 
 came west with the intention of growing up with 
 
 the country, and doing so, that man was cer- 
 tainly Mr.M. ]\L Buck. 
 
 Although his business affairs occupv nearh- 
 the whole of. his time, Mr. Buck is too unselfish 
 a man to ignore the welfare of the city in which 
 his fortune is cast. He has always been one of 
 the pioneers in work for the building up of St. 
 Louis, and he ranks foremost among the men 
 whose energy and ability crushed out the old 
 cry of poor old St. Louis, and created the city of 
 which we are all so proud, and which is destined 
 to be the largest city, as well as the metropolis, 
 of the mid-continent in every sense of the 
 word. Amongthe many institutions with whicli 
 Mr. Buck is actively connected, and of which 
 he is a director, might be mentioned the Union 
 Trust Company, the Continental National Bank 
 and the Commercial Bank of St. Louis. He is 
 also a member of the Mercantile, Noonday, vSt. 
 Louis, Commercial, and Fair Cxrounds Jockev 
 clubs. 
 
 Although a thorough vSt. IvOuisan, Mr. Buck 
 does not forget the home of his youth. He 
 owns a very handsome villa in Clifton Springs, 
 one of the best health resorts in New York 
 State, where his family spend se\'eral mouths 
 every year. Speaking of this resort to a friend, 
 Mr. Buck said: "A few weeks sojourn in the 
 fragrant \-alley inspires me with new life and 
 health to enter upon the duties of life once 
 more." 
 
 Among the many generous acts of .Mr. Buck 
 ma\- be mentioned the donation to the town of 
 Shortsville, New York, in September, IHMO, of 
 a- free library. The building is of brick and 
 stone, very handsomeh- erected and splendidly 
 equipped within. Not being satisfied with 
 donating the building, he stocked it with books 
 and periodicals of nearh- every description, and 
 has endowed the institution so liberally that the 
 income will be more than sufficient to pay the run- 
 ning expenses. In doing this he has established 
 a monument to the memory of a name that has 
 been honored by three successive generations, 
 and he has also made a number of friends for 
 St. Louis among the descendants of the old set- 
 tlers of the Holland purchase propert>-. 
 
m,M,£'^iM, 
 
/.'/( n;K. iPiiiL ■. //. . ip/'j'.xn/x. 
 
 l-'ew men have succeeded so si.y;iially as Mr. 
 iuck. To l)uild u]) a l)usiness as he now owns 
 s a task few men would dare attempt, and in 
 vhich very few, indeed, could succeed. As a 
 •oung man he uiapped out an ambitious career, 
 nd by ne\'er-flagorino; industry and never-s\ver\- 
 ng integrity, he has attained a position wliicli 
 iiakes him the admiration of l)usiness men in 
 .11 parts of the United States. He is a self-made 
 nan in the best and grandest sense of the term, 
 nd is a citizen of whom e\-ery St. Lonisan is 
 iiore than proud. 
 
 Bi..\iR, JA-MK-S Lawrknx'K, son of Frank P. 
 \\i\ Apolline (Alexander) Blair, was born in 
 k. Louis, April 2, l<sr)4. His pareuts were 
 )oth members of the fauious Preston family of 
 Centncky. He attended public schools and the 
 iigh vSchool of St. Louis, and subsequenth- 
 tudied at Princeton College, where he took the 
 legrees of LL.D. and A.]\L He went to work 
 ,s office-bo)- in a wholesale house on ^lain 
 treet, and is by no means ashamed of the fact 
 hat his stipend was but ?*1'> per month, and 
 hat he lived on his scanty earnings. He was, 
 lowever, too sharp a boy to long continue at 
 he l)ottom of the ladder, and he soon obtained a 
 letter position. He was clerk for one and a 
 lalf years in the assessor's office under Charles 
 Treen's administration, during which period 
 le attended the Law vScho(.)l, studying law at 
 light. 
 
 Ill 1X77 he was admitted to the l)ar, and has 
 leeu in practice ever since. In the year LS'Sl 
 lis brother, Frank P. Blair, Jr., entered the 
 irm, which became known as J. L. X; F. P. 
 >lair, ct)ntinuiug under this name until I.S.S."), 
 ihen .Mr. I'rank P. lilair left the city. .Mr. 
 . L. Blair's ne.xt and present partner was Judge 
 jeddon. Mr. Blair is too able a lawyer to need 
 iraise. He ranks among the brightest attorne\s 
 if tlie West, and is a fearless, independent man 
 n cver\- respect. In ISSf) he was appointed 
 )olice conunissioner, and ser\ed as vice and 
 cting president of the board for four \-ears. 
 ie was very acti\e in tlie cause of law and 
 irder duriui^ the southern strike. He is now 
 
 a member of the executive committee of the 
 Civil Service Reform .\ssociation. 
 
 Mr. Blair is married and has two children — 
 Percy .\lexauder and Francis Preston — and 
 since the death of his father he has been the 
 main snj^port of his mother and three young 
 lirothers. 
 
 Broadheajj, James O., the present minister 
 to Switzerland, was born May 2il, LSlf), near 
 Charlottesville, Albemarle county, \'irginia, and 
 is the eldest son of .Achilles and I\Iary Winston 
 ( Carr) Broadhead. He is of F^nglish-Scotch 
 origin. His grandfather was Jonathan Broad- 
 head, who came from Yorkshire, luigland, 
 during the Revolutionary war, and settled in 
 Virginia. His mother's people, the Carrs, 
 came from Scotland during the early settlement 
 of Virginia. During the war of ISI:^, his father 
 was a captain of Virigina troops. 
 
 His education w^as liberal and tll'orou,t;li, he 
 having taken a preparatory course in the .\ll)e- 
 marle High .School, and then attending the 
 Unix'ersit)- of \'irginia. He was unable to take 
 the full course in the university, and supported 
 hiiuself while attending the institution. .After 
 leaving college, he taught in a ]M'i\-ate school 
 near Baltimore, Maryland. 
 
 During this time young Broadhead's parents 
 had moved to Missouri and settled in .St. Charles 
 count\-, and in June, \X'M , he also came to 
 Missouri and took the position of private tutor 
 in the family of Hon. Edward Bates, who was 
 attorne\-general in President Lincoln's cabinet. 
 P'or the next three years he taught in the family 
 of .Mr. Bates, and also in St. Charles county, 
 reading law at the same time under .Mr. Bates. 
 
 He was admitted to the bar at Bowling Green, 
 this State, in LS4l', by Judge Hunt, and began 
 the practice of law there the following year, 
 where he continued to practice until 1S.')!I, when 
 he came to St. Louis. During his sixteen years 
 of practice in Pike county, he was a part of the 
 time in partnershi]) with Judge T. J. C. F'agg, 
 afterwards one of the judges of the supreme 
 court of this State, and for a short tinu- he was 
 a partner of Judge Hunt. 
 
OLD AXn NFAV ST. LOl'IS. 
 
 Durini^- his residence in Pike county, Vlx. 
 Broadhead was frequently honored witli political 
 offices by the Whig party, of which he was a 
 prominent and influential member. He was a 
 member of the State Constitutional Convention 
 in 184r); was elected to the Legislature in lH4(i, 
 and to the State Senate for four years, from l.S.jO 
 to l.sr)4. While serving in these positions he 
 took high rank as a debator, and was a recognized 
 leader in his party. 
 
 Upon removing to St. Louis he formed a law 
 partnership with Fidelio C. Sharp, of Ivexing- 
 ton, Missouri, and at once entered upon a very 
 successful practice. This partnership continued 
 during the late civil war, and only terminated 
 with the death of Mr. Sharp in l.S7r>. 
 
 When the war began in ISlU, Mr. Broadhead 
 espoused the cause of the Union, and took a 
 very active part in the events that followed. He 
 was a member of the Convention of ISdl, and 
 was chairm'an of the committee which made a 
 report to the convention in July, 1<S()1, in fa\-or 
 of declaring vacant the offices of the State offi- 
 cers who, with Governor Jackson, had joined the 
 cause of the Southern Confederac)-. The report 
 was adopted, and a provisional go\-ernment was 
 established for Missouri. He was then appointed 
 United States district attorney for the Eastern 
 District of Missouri by President Lincoln, which 
 office he resigned the following year to accept 
 the office of provost-marshal general of the de- 
 partment composed of Missouri, vSouthern Iowa, 
 Kansas, the Indian Territory and Arkansas. 
 He discharged the difficult and tr\ing chities of 
 this position creditably to himself and to the 
 satisfaction of the administration. 
 
 When the war ended Colonel Broadhead 
 resumed the active practice of his profession, 
 which he has continued until the present. On 
 the death of Mr. Sharp in IST.'i, Colonel Broad- 
 head formed a partnership with his brother, 
 William B. Broadhead, now at Clayton, Mis- 
 souri, and John H. Overall, and later with Slay- 
 back and Haeussler, until 18<S2, then with 
 Haeussler and his son, Charles S. Broadhead, 
 until 189L 
 
 Although constantly engaged in the practice 
 
 of law since the war, he has Ijeen called to fill 
 se\eral positions of honor, trust and res]3onsi- 
 bility. In LS?;") he was elected to the State 
 Constitutional Convention, as a Democrat, and 
 bore a very prominent part in framing the pres- 
 ent organic law of the State. After the adop- 
 tion of the con.stitution. Colonel Broadhead was 
 elected a member of the Charter Commission, 
 and it was largeh' to his influence that the adop- 
 tion of the Scheme and Charter was due. In 
 \>>>>'l he was elected to the Forty-eighth Congress 
 from the Ninth Congressional District. In ISX.") 
 President Cleveland appointed Colonel Broad- 
 head a special commissioner to visit France ami 
 examine the archives of tliat government in 
 relation to the F'rench Spoliation Claims, under 
 the provisions of an act of Congress providing 
 for the adjustment of those claims. He was 
 also retained by the United States Government 
 to prosecute the famous Whisky Ring cases. 
 Shortly after Mr. Cleveland's second election to 
 the Presidency, he appointed this able law\er 
 and conscientious statesman minister to vSwitzer- 
 land. 
 
 Colonel Broadhead was married Ma\- !•>, 1<S47, 
 to Miss Mary S. Dor.sey, of Pike county. They 
 have three children living — Charles vS., now 
 practicing law with his father; INIary ( now 
 Mrs. William Horton), and Nannie. 
 
 BiG(;.s, WII.I.IA^r H., son of (ieorge K. an:l 
 Nannie ( Floyd ) l>iggs, was l)orn in Clark coiint\-, 
 Missouri, .\ugust 1, 11^4:^. After receiving a 
 very liberal education at La Grange College, La 
 Grange county, Missouri, he read law with 
 Judge Ellison, of Canton, Missouri. In lst>7 
 he was admitted to the bar, and in the following 
 >ear he commenced practice on his own account 
 in Bowling (ireen, Missouri. He secured a 
 lucrative practice, and in the year bs?;; he was 
 jiersuaded to move to Louisiana, .Missouri, 
 where he for sixteen years practiced law. 
 
 Mr. Biggs was called upon to give his o]iin- 
 ions in a variety of very important cases involv- 
 ing the disposal of immense sums of money, and 
 so correct was his reading of the law that for 
 several years he was mentioned as the most suit- 
 
/;/( U,R. IPHK AL APPEXniX. 
 
 il)k- inaii to occup\- :i scat in tlie Court of 
 Appeals. 
 
 In the fall of l.SSil he accejited a nomination 
 :or this important position. His popularit\- in 
 ;he neisrhborhood rendered his election a matter 
 jf course, and his splendid record on the bench 
 iiore than justifies the action of the voters. 
 fndjj;e Bij^igs has been called upon to adjudicate 
 n a very lar<^e number of important cases, and 
 lis decisions and judgments have been of the 
 nost able character. 
 
 The Judge is still quite a }oung man, with 
 >e\-eral }-ears of useful hard work before him. 
 He married in 1S7() Eliza Shotwell, of Pike 
 :ounty, Missouri. He has four children — Anna- 
 jell, Davis, Kstelle and (xcorgie. 
 
 LriiKi':, (iK<iR(;i''. W., was born in vSt. Louis, 
 [''el)ruar\- i^i', l.s4.'i. His parents were H. Will- 
 am and Christine ( Penningroth) Lubke. He 
 ,vas educated in the public and private schools 
 jf St. Louis, read law with Henry Hitchcock, 
 md was admitted to the bar, when only nineteen 
 rears of age, by Judge Moodey of the Circuit 
 ^ourt of St. Louis. 
 
 I'pou his admission to the bar he formed a 
 partnership for the practice of law with his 
 jreceptor, Mr. Henry Hitchcock. Subsequently 
 \\x. Preston Player was taken into the co-partner- 
 ;hip, which was continued under the firm name 
 )f Hitchcock, Lubke & Player until the fall of 
 L<SX2, when Mr. Ivubke was elected one of the 
 udges of the Circuit Court of the City of St. 
 ^ouis, which position he filled with credit to 
 limself and to the satisfaction of the bar and 
 hose having bu.siness in his court until l-SSSI. 
 
 At the expiration of his term of office. Judge 
 !^ubke formed a law partnership with Mr. Hugo 
 lluench, under the firm name of Lubke & 
 Vluench. 
 
 In politics Judge Lubke is a Democrat. 
 AMiile he is not a ])()litician in the ])opular 
 neaning of the term, his voice is always raised 
 or the principles of his party, and for honest 
 'conomical government, whenever his services 
 ire needed in State and national campaigns. 
 ro the consideration and discussion of political 
 
 questions he brings the same judicial dignity, 
 fairness and candor that characterized his de- 
 cisions from the bench and ha\'e gi\en him dis- 
 tinction at the bar. 
 
 Judge Lubke married, September Hi, l.S(>.S, 
 Miss Henrietta I.,uttercord, daughter of Prancis 
 H. Luttercord, a prominent merchant of St. 
 Louis prior to the late civil war. Of this 
 union there are fi\-e children — (ieorge \V., Jr., 
 who is practicing law in his father's office; Ida, 
 Ivaura and Edgar, who is attending one of the 
 public schools at St. Louis; and .Arthur, who is 
 not yet of school age. 
 
 St.\x.\rij, Edwix O., almost invariably known 
 to his countless friends and acquaintances as 
 Crovernor Stanard, is a New Englanderby birth, 
 having been born in Newport, New Hampshire, 
 Januarx- .">, l.s;ii>. His father, .Mr. Obed Stan- 
 ard, was one of the early settlers in New En- 
 gland, and his mother, formerly Miss P^lizabeth 
 A. Webster, also came of oneof the oldest colonial 
 families. When their son was about four years 
 old, Mr. and Mrs. O. Stanard came west, locat- 
 ing on a farm in A'an Buren countv, Iowa. 
 Here young Pxhvin worked on the farm during 
 the summer, attending the public schools as 
 regularly as possible and completing his edu- 
 cation by a full course of .study in the High 
 School at Keosoqua, Iowa. 
 
 In the year 1<S">2 young Mr. Stanard, who 
 was then nineteen, came to this section of the 
 country. He taught school for three years in 
 Madi.son county, Illinois, and when .school was 
 not in session he studied hard, spending all he 
 could spare from his salary in the pursuit of 
 learning. In 1 !->.")() he accepted a position as 
 book-kee])er for a commission firm in .Alton, Illi- 
 nois, which city at that jieriod was a vigorous 
 commercial rival of St. Louis, and after holding 
 the position for one year he came to this citv 
 and established himself in the cinumission busi- 
 ness. 
 
 Those who know (io\ernor Stanard to-chu- 
 can easih- imagine the energy and earnestness 
 he forced into his business at the age of twenty- 
 five, and it is not surprising that he soon built 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOT IS. 
 
 lip an exceediu<;l)' valuable business. He kept 
 on adding to this business until the year isiil, 
 when the blockade on the Mississippi ri\er com- 
 pelled him to open a branch house in Chicago. 
 After the blockade was raised he opened a third 
 establishment at New Orleans, but made St. 
 Louis his headquarters and directed the bulk of 
 his very profitable business from that point. He 
 continued in the commission business until the 
 year 18()8, wlien he closed his contracts and 
 entered into the milling business, establishing 
 the house which has continued with but slight 
 changes until now. At the present time the 
 output is 2,500 barrels a day, and is steadih- 
 increasing. St. Louis has the reputation of 
 being the best winter wheat flour market in the 
 world, and the E. O. Stanard Milling Company 
 has much to do with maintaining that reputation. 
 
 Mr. vStanard has been actively connected with 
 the Merchants' Exchange for over a quarter of 
 a century. In 18(i(i he was elected to the pres- 
 idency, making one of the ablest of the many 
 splendid presidents the Exchange has been fort- 
 unate in electing. He was shortly afterwards 
 elected vice-president of the National Board of 
 Trade, a position he still fills. In every local 
 enterprise Mr. Stanard, or Governor Stanard, as 
 he is invariably called, has been foremost. Few 
 men have labored so unselfishly or successfully 
 to secure the deep water between St. Louis and 
 the Gulf, and he has also done good service to 
 the city in the way of removing unfair discrim- 
 inations against it in the matter of railroad rates. 
 
 The (Tovernor has always been an earnest 
 su])porter of the Exposition, and one of the 
 hardest workers on its board. He was presi- 
 dent of the board of directors during the 1893 
 season, when, in spite of the hard times and the 
 overwhelming competition in Chicago, a hand- 
 some profit was realized. He was also one of 
 the first to come to the front and assist in estab- 
 lishing the Autumnal P^estivities Association. 
 He is first vice-president of the association, 
 and also chairman of the committee on trans- 
 portation. He is also a director of the St. 
 Louis Trust Company, and was for fourteen 
 years president of the Citizens' Fire Insurance 
 
 Compau}-, which institution was uniformh- pros- 
 perous under his management. 
 
 In politics Governor Stanard is a Republican. 
 In 18(38 he was elected Lientenant-( Governor of 
 Missouri, and shortly afterwards was elected to 
 the Forty-third Congress, from what was then 
 known as the second district. In Congress he 
 worked hard for local measures as well as for 
 national reform, and he succeeded in securing 
 liberal appropriations for improving the river, 
 as well as the establishment of the jetty system, 
 which has since proved so uniformly advan- 
 tageous. On leaving Congress, Governor Stan- 
 ard retired to a great extent from active politics, 
 and although he has assisted his party by advice 
 and counsel, he has declined to accept nomi- 
 nations, although many have been tendered him. 
 
 Governor Stanard is an acti\-e member of the 
 Methodist-Episcopal Church, having been con- 
 nected with the denomination for thirty-five 
 years. He is well known as a philanthropist, and 
 takes part with great vigor in all movements in 
 connection with his church. In 1881 he was 
 elected by the Missouri Conference as a delegate to 
 the great Ecumenical Conference in London, En- 
 gland, and he fulfilled his trust well. In short, 
 Crovernor Stanard has from his youth up been 
 an excellent citizen and a good neighbor. Few 
 men are better known throughout the West 
 and South, and fewer still are more highly re- 
 spected. He is now sixty years of age, but does 
 not consider himself an old man, and still looks 
 after his business personally. 
 
 In I8f)(i Mr. Stanard married Miss Esther 
 Kauffman, of Iowa City, Iowa. He has four 
 children — two sons and two daughters — Cora Z., 
 now Mrs. Edgar D. Tilton, of St. Louis; Will- 
 iam K., IClla, and Edward ()., Jr. 
 
 Smith, Andrew Jack.sox. — The distin- 
 guished soldier and patriot who is the subject of 
 this biography, inherited patriotic and war-like 
 blood, and it was natural that he should find him- 
 self adapted to the life of a soldier; and that he 
 should win honor and distinction amid the rush 
 and destruction of battle, is but the fulfillment 
 of the decree of hereditv. His father. General 
 
So^c^ic^^ 
 
liiocRAPHK A I. Ai'ri-ixnix. 
 
 KJl 
 
 Samuel Sinitli, won distinction and liis title in 
 the war of 1S12. He was a friend of Lafayette, 
 and was with that great Frenchman when he 
 visited Philadeljihia. The elder Smith was 
 born in Bncks county in 1742. He owned a 
 very fine farm on the Delaware, and after the 
 war of 1S12 he resij^ned his commission and 
 returned tt) the farm, where he died in l'S;).S, at 
 the ripe age of ninety-six years. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born just at 
 the close of this second attempt of (rreat Britain 
 to crush the Colonies. April 28, ISl.j, was 
 the date of his birth, and the old county of 
 Bucks, one of the three Pennsylvania counties 
 settled by the Quakers in the sixteenth century, 
 was his birthplace. 
 
 In the days of young Andrew's )-outh the 
 public school of the present day was unknown, 
 but of course the best private institution of the 
 times was to be had uear home, as Philadel- 
 phia was at that time the center of civilization 
 and culture for the western world. Therefore, 
 the boy obtained the best education to be 
 afforded by a private school in Philadelphia, at 
 which institution he studied until his eighteenth 
 year. 
 
 At that time, or in l'S;U, he was appointed a 
 cadet by the great president after whom he was 
 named — Cjeneral Andrew Jackson. He entered 
 West Point July 1, 1834, and graduated there- 
 from on July 1, bSoX. He was given the com- 
 mission of a second lieutenant, and served at 
 Carlisle, Pennsylvania, at the school for cavalry 
 practice during parts of 1S88 and lH;3i). He 
 was then put on recruiting service during parts 
 of l«3!l and l.S4(). In the latter part of the 
 latter year he was sent on the expedition to the 
 Pottawotomie country. During 1.S40, '41 and 
 '42 he was located at P'ort Leavenworth, except 
 during a brief time in 1841, when he was 
 ordered to Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis. He 
 was ordered to Fort Gibson, ludian Territory, 
 in 1843, and in the same year he was ordered 
 to return to Fort Leavenworth, where he re- 
 mained until bS4."(. 
 
 On March 4, 1.S4.'), he was created a first lieu- 
 tenant of dratroons, and in the same vear was 
 
 ordered on an expedition to the Rocky mount- 
 ains. 
 
 When the war with .Mexico broke out, he 
 was immediately ordered to the front, Ijeing the 
 first lieutenant of a regiment commanded by 
 General Stephen Kearney. Phil Kearney, after- 
 ward renowned as a great Indiau fighter, was 
 also in the command of (rcneral Stephen, who 
 was his uncle. As young Phil likewise held the 
 rank of a lieutenant, the young uien became 
 fast friends before the campaign had progressed 
 \-ery far. 
 
 The coniniand had scarceh' reached the seat 
 of war when (General Kearue\- was ordered to 
 return to the East. Directly after this. Lieu- 
 tenant Smith was ordered to vSouthern California 
 to watch the interests of Uncle Sam, being sta- 
 tioned for garrison duty at San Diego during 
 1.S4.S. 
 
 On February Hi, 1.S47, the young soldier was 
 again promoted, he being made captain of the 
 First Dragoons. In 1841t, during the excite- 
 ment and wild times incident to the disco\-er\- 
 of gold, he was stationed at vSan P'raucisco. 
 Within the next decade he was stationed at 
 various points in California, Oregon and Wash- 
 ington, and engaged in many expeditions and 
 cam])aigns against the Indians. 
 
 May 1."), 18(>1, lie was created a major of 
 dragoons, and a little later was sent from Wash- 
 ington Territory on an expedition to the Nez 
 Perces agency. While there he received a per- 
 emptory call to return to San F'rancisco, from 
 which place he was at once ordered to Wash- 
 ington, where he was expected to assist in put- 
 ting down the rebellion. He at once embarked 
 for New York, going by wa\- of the Panama 
 canal. Kven in those days the trip from San 
 Francisco to New York was not only expensive 
 but tedious, requiring thirty days' time to com- 
 plete it. 
 
 Upon his arrival in \\'ashiugton he was cre- 
 ated major of cavalry on August o, LSiil. Only 
 a few weeks after this, or on October 2, he was 
 created colonel of the Second California Cavalr\- 
 \'oluuteers, and with his command was ordered 
 west to join the Army of the Tennessee, when 
 
16: 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 he was appointed chief of botli the cavalry 
 departments of Missonri and Mississippi. Tliis 
 office he held until LSti-i. 
 
 On March 17, 1?^62, he was made a brigadier- 
 general of United States Volunteers. Then 
 began a campaign unexampled in activity and 
 hard fighting for the next three years. During 
 18(52, '63 and '64 General Smith led his com- 
 mand over nearly all of Alabama, Mississippi, 
 Arkansas and Tennessee, and during that time 
 saw nearly as active service as falls to the lot 
 of any soldier. He commanded a detachment 
 of the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Corps part of 
 the time, and the battles and skirmishes in 
 which he gallantly led his troops are too numer- 
 ous to mention here. However, it might be 
 well to enumerate some of the chief engage- 
 ments in which he participated. He was in the 
 bloody siege of Corinth, and was in the van in 
 the courageous assault on Chickasaw Bluffs; he 
 was all through the tedious and dangerous siege 
 of Vicksburg, and assisted at the capture of 
 Port Gibson; he cheered his men up Champion 
 Hill against the slaughtering fire of the enemy; 
 he was the chief figure in the Red x'w&x cam- 
 paign; and his bra\'ery at the battle of Pleasant 
 Hill, Louisiana, won him distinction; in May, 
 LS()4, he covered the rear of Banks' retreat, and 
 in the same year defended St. Louis from the 
 threatened attack of Price; he was at Tupelo 
 and Nashville, and in 1<S6 1 commanded a de- 
 tachment of Thomas" arm\- in its campaign 
 against Hood. 
 
 On April 10, 1864, he was made a brevet col- 
 onel, " for gallant and conspicuous bravery at 
 the battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana." May 
 9, 1864, he was created lieutenant-colonel of 
 the Fifth Cavalry, and three days later was made 
 major-general of United vStates \'olunteers. 
 Again, at the battle of Tupelo, by his brave lead- 
 ership in the assault on the enem\- he won dis- 
 tinction, and the title of brevet brigadier-general 
 was conferred on him. 
 
 At the battle of Nashville he, for the third 
 time, distinguished himself by his conspicuous 
 gallantry, and was rewarded by having the title 
 of bre\et major-general conferred on him. 
 
 During ISiif) he was in the campaigns in 
 various parts of Alabama, was at the battle of 
 Mobile and led the attack on Spanish Fort. He 
 was mustered out of the volunteer service, Jan- 
 uary IT), 18()6, and was made colonel of the 
 Seventh Cavalry, regular army, July 28, 18()(!, 
 the same regiment of which General Custer was 
 then lieutenant-colonel. In 18(i7 and 1^<6'S he 
 was in command of the Upper Arkansas. 
 
 In 1S72, his old commander, (leneral Grant, 
 recognizing the fact that a man who had ren- 
 dered his country such signal service in war 
 could not but prove a faithful servant in peace, 
 appointed him postmaster of St. Louis. He, of 
 course, resigned his commission in the army. 
 He served the people of St. Louis four years, 
 and made a most excellent civil official. Imme- 
 diately after his term as postmaster had expired. 
 General Smith was elected city auditor and 
 served four years. 
 
 General Smith is married to Miss Anna Simp- 
 son, daughter of Dr. Robert Simpson, of St. 
 Louis. They luwe one son living, William 
 Beaumont Smith, who has undoubted talent as 
 an actor, and who has adopted the stage as his 
 profession. He was a member of the Booth and 
 Barrett company until the latter died and the 
 company was thus broken up. 
 
 After a most active life as soldier and ci\ilian, 
 Cieneral vSmith has now retired to his handsome 
 home here in .St. Louis to rest and enjoy the 
 honors he has earned. 
 
 vScuuDER, Charles, city treasurer of St. 
 Louis, is one of the city's representati\e men, 
 and through the changes of many years he has 
 been identified with its growth aiul history in 
 various ways. He is of that \'irile Kentucky- 
 stock which has played such a conspicuous 
 part in the de\-elopnient of America, and is 
 himself a native of that .State, having been 
 born at Mayslick, Mason count}', Xo\'ember 1, 
 IS'i;}. 
 
 His father, Charles, was a nati\e of Xcw 
 Jerse\-, while his mother, Mar\- (Hood), came 
 from \'irgiuia. His father was a physician, 
 and when the subject of this sketch was 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 It;.', 
 
 two years old, he emigrated to Indiana, renio\-- 
 ing from that State to St. Louis in IfSiiT. His 
 three sons, John A., Charles and Wm. H., all 
 became leading citizens and successful men 
 of this cit\-. W'ni. H. is now dead. John A. 
 is very wealthy, while Charles is rising toward 
 the zenith of a most active and honorable 
 career. 
 
 The latter was educated in the public schools 
 of the city, which he attended until he was 
 seventeen years old, being at one time a pupil 
 of the late Colonel 
 David H.Armstrong, 
 who was, as we have 
 already seen, a teach- 
 er in the first public 
 jchool opened in St. 
 L,ouis. When he 
 left school he en- 
 tered a retail dry 
 goods store as clerk, 
 but the work proving 
 not to his taste, he 
 secured a position as 
 clerk on a steam- 
 boat, and this was 
 the beginning of a 
 most e\'entful career 
 on the ri\er, whose 
 trade was then at its 
 greatest activity. 
 
 He next became 
 the captain of a Keo- 
 kuk boat, then be- 
 came identified with 
 
 the Lower Mississippi and the Missouri river 
 trades. Throughout the war he had charge 
 of a boat store at Cairo, and at the end of the 
 contest returned to St. Louis and became iden- 
 tified with Messrs. Griswold and Clement in the 
 management of the Lindell HoteL This ar- 
 rangement continued for twelve years, or until 
 l^iHS, when he was elected to the office of public 
 administrator on the Republican ticket. The 
 next public trust conferred on him was the one 
 he now holds as cit\- treasurer, to which he 
 was elected in bSii;',. 
 
 dm 
 
 He has pro\cd in every cajiacitN- that he is a 
 citizen who can be trusted, and that his fellow- 
 citizens have not erred in conferring honors 
 upon him. Mr. Scudder was married in LSliO 
 to Miss Sarah V. Rogers, of Marion county, 
 Missouri. Nine children have been born to 
 them, eight of whom are still li\ing. 
 
 Isaacs, Henry (t., is a native of the city of 
 Brotherly Love, and was born in 1840. He 
 passed his boyhood in New York, and was edu- 
 cated in Trinity 
 School of that city, 
 from which he grad- 
 uated to enter the 
 architectural office 
 of Richard Upjohn, 
 in that day a famed 
 architect of the great 
 metropolis. The 
 boy early displayed 
 marked talent in 
 architectural draw- 
 ing and design, and 
 under such an excel- 
 1 e n t tutor made 
 
 rapid progress, s( 
 becoming his tea^ 
 er"s in\-aluablc 
 
 CHARLES SCLDDl 
 
 sistaut. In l.S(i4 he 
 came to St. Louis, 
 which was then, as 
 now, a better field 
 for the architect than 
 the eastern cities, 
 which have already passed through their season 
 of greatest growth. 
 
 On reaching this city he entered the office of 
 George I. Barnett as an assistant, subsequently 
 becoming that gentleman's partner. In l.SliT this 
 partnership was dissolved to permit Mr. Isaacs 
 to establish a business of his own. Prior to this 
 his ability had attracted the attention of capi- 
 talists, and since he has been in bu.siness on his 
 own account there has been no lack of impor- 
 tant commissions. He has contributed in a 
 marked and material way to the development 
 
164 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 of St. Louis, and attention need only be called 
 to the Sanmel C. I)a\'is Bnilding, the Ames 
 Block, the Odd Fellows Hall Building, the Mer- 
 cantile Library, the Bank of Commerce Bnild- 
 ing and the New Planters' House, which were 
 designed by him, to establish the fact of his 
 skill and ability as an architect. His plans 
 have been submitted to the severest tests of time 
 and criticism, and he is recognized both within 
 and without the profession as one of the ablest 
 and most advanced architects of the West. Mr. 
 Isaacs is a memlier of the American Institute 
 of Architects. 
 
 Barxktt, Gkorge L, the son of Absolom 
 and vSarah (Ingham) P>arnett, was born in Not- 
 tingham, Kngland, on the i^Oth of March, ISl.'). 
 He was educated in that country at the classical 
 school founded by the celebrated Agnes Mal- 
 lowes, established for the education of Burgess' 
 sons. 
 
 He came to America on the 1st of April, 
 l.s;')!(, and settled for a time in the city of New 
 York. Late in the autumn of that year he re- 
 moved to St. Louis, and has since remained an 
 honored and leading citizen of that city. In 
 the spring of the following year he established 
 himself in the business of an architect. His 
 first professional work in St. Louis was in draw- 
 ing the perspecti\-e \-iew of the present Court 
 House for Singleton & Foster, then the only 
 architects in the citv, and who had charge of 
 that work. His next professional work was the 
 production of a perspective view of the St. 
 Louis Theater, which was of such merit as to 
 be preserved in the historical society of the 
 city. In the spring of l.SIO he was employed 
 by the firm of Clark & Lewis, then leading 
 architects, who built the church of St. \'incent 
 de Paul. 
 
 Among the more prominent and notable struct- 
 ures supervised by Mr. Barnett, as the architect, 
 may be mentioned St. Mary's Church, the old 
 Post-oflice Building ( from which work he was 
 discharged for voting for Thomas H. Benton 
 and against James K. Polk), the old and new 
 Southern Hotel, Lindell Hotel, the Centenarv 
 
 Church, Union Methodist Church, Third Pres- 
 b>-terian Church, the Equitable Building, Barr's 
 store, and made drawings for a part of the 
 Planters' House. He was also architect for the 
 late Henry Shaw, superintending the construc- 
 tion of all of his buildings, as well as those at 
 the Fair Grounds. In competition with architect 
 ITpjohn, of Boston, he made drawings for Trin- 
 ity- Church, which were presented by Martin 
 E. Thomas. He also suggested to the late 
 James Lucas and laid out Lucas Place. Over 
 i^hW of the fine residences of the city are the 
 production of his work. In his professional 
 labors Mr. Barnett has become an interesting 
 part of historical St. Louis. 
 
 He was first married to ]\Iiss Ann Lewis, of 
 this cit\', in l.s4(i, bv whom he has three chil- 
 dren — Sarah ( now ^Irs. Lewis Drew, of Da\en- 
 port, Iowa), Emma (now Mrs. Frank A. Drew, 
 of St. Louis), and Absolom, an architect in 
 San F'rancisco. The grandchildren were twent\ - 
 three in number, and but one death has occurred 
 in the family since his first marriage. 
 
 The second marriage was in l.s,'),S, to Miss 
 Lizzie Armstrong, by whom he has four cliil = 
 dren — ?ilary, F^lizabeth, George I), and Thomas. 
 
 JOH.x.sox, CHARLK.S Philip, was boru at Leb- 
 anon, St. Clair count\', Illinois, Januar\' bS, 
 lis;)!). His j:)arents were Flenry and F^hira 
 ( Fouke ) Johnson. They were among the pio- 
 neers of the ^lississippi \'alley. His maternal 
 grandparents came from Virginia and settled 
 before the beginning of the pi'esent century at 
 Kaskaskia, where his mother was born. His 
 father was born in Philadelphia. His mother, a 
 woman of strong character and fine mind, many 
 of whose marked traits her son inherited, is still 
 living and is an inmate of his home. 
 
 With a natural thirst for knowledge, he made 
 the best possible use of the limited advantages 
 that were afforded by the common schools of 
 Belleville. He supplemented the education ob- 
 tained there by a year's study in McKendree Col- 
 lege, just before he came to St. Louis. Like 
 Franklin, the subject of our sketch acquired mucli 
 of the education that has been of practical \alue to 
 
^^^ - ^ (yya^^^^^^^t~ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPIINDIX. 
 
 My. 
 
 lini ill a ininting office, he luuiiii;- learned " the 
 irt preser\ati\e of all arts," and when l.mt ei_i4ht- 
 ■en years (.)Id pul)lislied a weekly newspaper at 
 >parta, Illinois. 
 
 In 1855 he came to St. Louis and read law 
 vith Judge William C. Jones and General R. F. 
 ,Vingate, and was admitted to the bar in 1857. 
 riie conntry was even then entering the pre- 
 iminary stages of the political strife which was 
 oon to precipitate it into a might)' ci\il war. 
 ^.rdent, patriotic and ambitions as was young 
 oliiison, just entering upon the threshold of his 
 lareer, it can easily be tinderstood how difficult 
 t would be for him to remain inactive. It was 
 mpossible for him to do so, and he at once eii- 
 ered heart and soul into the free-soil movement, 
 lud became an active partisan and one of the 
 rusted lieutenants of that dashing and chivalric 
 eader, Frank P. Blair. 
 
 In the spring of 185tl, Mr. Johnson was elected 
 ;ity attorney for the term of two years. Dur- 
 ng the memorable campaign of 18(iO he was 
 in active supporter of Abraham Lincoln. When 
 he first call was issued for troops in ISiil, he 
 unlisted and served as a lieutenant in the Third 
 Regiment Missouri Infantry. During this time 
 le assisted Morgan L. and Giles F. Smith in 
 ecruiting the famous Eighth Missouri Regi- 
 nent, which he tendered to President Lincoln 
 n person. He was elected major of the regi- 
 nent, but declined on account of poor health. 
 
 When the division occurred in the Republican 
 iart>- in St. Louis, in LSi!:^, and one wing of 
 he Congressional Convention nominated Frank 
 P. Blair as a candidate for Congress, Mr. John- 
 ion was nominated by the other, but he declined 
 ;he nomination (being then barely old enough 
 ;o be eligible), and placed Hon. Samuel Knox 
 11 nomination, who was elected over General 
 lilair. 
 
 He then accejited a nomination for the Legis- 
 ature, and was elected. He was appointed 
 ;hairmau of the Committee on Emancipation, 
 :ind his brilliant oratorical ability soon made him 
 leader of the House. He endeavored to per- 
 suade the ]iri)-sla\-cry ])arty to acce])t President 
 Lincoln's inoi^osiliou to pa>- the slave holders 
 
 who had remained faithful to the I'liion for 
 their sla\-es. Mr. Johnson came out for uncon- 
 ditional and immediate emancipation, and intro- 
 duced the bill calling the State convention. In 
 the bitter contest for the United States Senator 
 at this session, Mr. Johnson was an unwavering 
 supporter of B. Gratz Brown, and rather than 
 give up his candidate he forced an adjournment 
 by joining his forces with those of Hon. John 
 S. Phelps, and an election of senator was thus 
 prevented. In the fall of 18li4 Mr. Johnson 
 was nominated for Congress, but Hon. Samuel 
 Knox ran as an independent candidate, dividing 
 the Republican \(.)te, and Mr. John Hogan was 
 elected. 
 
 The Convention bill was passed at the ad- 
 journed session of the Legislature in the win- 
 ter of 1863-()4, and the State convention met in 
 St. Louis, in January, 1864. It immediately 
 passed an ordinance freeing the slaves and then 
 proceeding to form what is known as the 
 "Drake Constitution," which was submitted to 
 the people for adoption in Alay following. Mr. 
 Johnson made a canvass of the vState in opposi- 
 tion to the new constitution, on account of its 
 intolerant and proscriptive features, and was 
 elected to the Legislature the following fall, as 
 a member at large from St. Louis county. In 
 the fall of 18()(i he was appointed circuit attor- 
 ne\- for the city and couut>- of St. Louis; in 
 l!S().S was elected to the same position, which 
 he held for six }'ears. 
 
 When the liberal ReiMiblicau ino\-enieut was 
 inaugurated in this State, I\Ir. Johnson gave it 
 his adhesion, and was a delegate to the State 
 convention that sent delegates to the Cincinnati 
 convention which nominated Greeley and Brown. 
 In 1.S72 he was nominated for and elected lieu- 
 tenant-governor on the ticket headed I^y Silas 
 Woodson. He made a model presiding officer 
 of the Senate, and was distinguished for his 
 knowledge of parliamentary law and his fair- 
 ness and impartiality. 
 
 During the time he was lieutenant-governor, 
 Mr. Johnson made a departure from the usual 
 course of the presiding officers of the Senate by 
 having introduced in the Senate a bill alirogat- 
 
im 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ing what was known as the ' ' Social Evil Law 
 in St. Louis, an ordinance providing for licens- 
 ing of houses of ill-repute, and advocating upon 
 the floor of the Senate the passage of the bill. 
 It was mainly through his efforts the bill was 
 passed and the disgraceful "Social Evil Law" 
 expunged from the municipal statute book of 
 St. Louis. 
 
 In 1880 Governor Johnson was again elected 
 to the Legislature and secured the passage of a 
 law making gambling a felony, punishable b\- 
 imprisonment in the penitentiary, and during 
 the following year he conducted his memorable 
 fight against the " gambling ring," which ended 
 in its complete overthrow and destruction. 
 
 At no time has Governor Johnson permitted 
 politics or the holding of office to interfere with 
 the practice of his profession. He devoted him- 
 self largely to the criminal practice, and lias 
 established a reputation as one of the foremost 
 criminal lawyers in the West, having been con- 
 nected with most of the leading criminal cases, 
 not only in this city and State, but throughout 
 the West, his practice including the States of 
 Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, 
 Kansas, Colorado and other States. He is asso- 
 ciated with his brotlier, John D. Johnson, em- 
 inent as a civil lawyer, and gives his attention 
 almost entirely to the criminal branch of the 
 business. 
 
 Whether as a statesman, advocating measures 
 for the welfare of the people; a lawyer plead- 
 ing the cause of the weak or innocent; a 
 public prosecutor arraigning criminals at the 
 bar of justice; or a citizen in the walks of 
 private life. Governor Johnson has always been 
 the same dignified, courteous gentleman, so 
 demeaning himself as to command the respect 
 and admiration of all who know him. 
 
 Governor Johnson is notabl)' domestic in his 
 tastes and habits. He has been twice married. 
 His first wife was Miss Estelle Parker, by whom 
 he has four children — two daughters, one the 
 wife of Hon. J. F. Merryman, of this city, and 
 the other the wife of Mr. George Cook, tlie 
 noted patent lawyer, of New York City; Harry 
 T., age twenty-one, who is a student in the law 
 
 department of the Washington University, and 
 Ralph, age eighteen, who is attending Bethany 
 College, at Bethany, West Virginia. His second 
 wife was Louise Stevens, daughter of a former 
 respected and prosperous merchant of St. Louis, 
 by whom he has three children — two boys, 
 Albert W. and Charles P., and one daughter, 
 Louise, who is about the same age of the young- 
 est of his four grandchildren. 
 
 Kknnard, Samuel M., is perhaps the most 
 typical new St. Louisan the city has seen. 
 Although no longer a young man he retains all 
 the energy and restless activity of youth, and 
 although at the head of the largest exclusi\e 
 carpet house in America, he still finds time to 
 devote to every movement which is designed to 
 advance the cit\-'s interests and to help forward 
 e\-er\- project calculated to make St. Louis met- 
 ropolitan in every sense of the word. 
 
 To detail Mr. Kennard's public work during 
 the last ten or fifteen years would be to re-write 
 the hi.story of New St. Louis. He helped to 
 organize the Mercantile Club, which has been of 
 such marked value to the city in many ways, 
 and from the first he was among the most active 
 advocates of street illuminations, fall festivities 
 and other methods of attracting visitors and en- 
 tertaining them; and as res nan verba is one of 
 the leading maxims of his daily life, his advo- 
 cacy meant putting his shoulder to the wheel 
 rather than telling other people what to do. 
 
 He was the first to insist on the possibility of 
 erecting an Exposition Building and holding an 
 annual exposition, and when he had persuaded 
 other leading men to fall in line, he showed his 
 faith in the project by liberal cash contributions, 
 and by giving the work his daily and almost 
 hourly attention. When the structure was 
 completed he had the pleasure of declaring the 
 first exposition open. He was president during 
 the first eight highly successful seasons, and is 
 still a director of the association. 
 
 It was Mr. Kennard who presided o\er the 
 historical meeting of May 11, I-SIU, when the 
 Autumnal Festivities Association was formed, 
 and as president of the executive committee 
 
'^' 
 
 (P ^o 
 
niOCRAPHICAL APPENPrX. 
 
 he was the .<^ui(1iiij( spirit of that organization 
 during its successful career. Tlie new Planters' 
 House, one of the finest hotels in America, 
 was erected by a company with which this 
 gentleman is connected, and in a variety of 
 other ways he has lent his influence, energy, 
 and money to projects which have resulted most 
 ad\antageously to New St. Louis. 
 
 Vi.x. Kennard is about fifty-two years of age, 
 ha\ing been born in 1.S4 2. I^ike so many other 
 prominent St. Louisans and Missourians, he 
 claims the Blue Grass State as his birthplace, 
 but his ancestors for several generations back 
 had resided in the good old State of Maryland. 
 From both branches Mr. Keunard comes through 
 American stock . One of his grandfathers fought 
 in the war of IS] 2, and more than one of his 
 ancestors fought in the Revolutionary war, so 
 that he is a son of America in every sense of the 
 word. His father, Mr. John Keunard, was born 
 in Baltimore, and in 1833 he married Miss 
 Rebecca O wings Mummey, daughter of the head 
 of the firm of ]\Iummey & Meredith, one of the 
 largest wholesale diy goods merchants in the 
 United States during the time that Baltimore 
 competed with New York for the distinction of 
 being the first jobbing point in the country. 
 
 Mr. John Kennard moved into Kentucky 
 about nine }-ears after his marriage and estab- 
 lished himself in business at Lexington, in which 
 town his son, Samuel M. , was born. After about 
 twenty years this business, always prosperous, 
 had outgrown the city in which it was located. 
 Casting his e)-e around for a more suitable place 
 from which to direct his operations, Mr. John 
 Kennard saw that St. Louis was both the gate- 
 way of the West and vSouth, and the best 
 distrilniting jioint in the country, and in l.S.')7 
 he located here. For fifteen )-ears his life was 
 spared to vSt. Louis, and when he died he was 
 mourned as a \aluablc citizen as well as a 
 faithful friend. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was educated in 
 the public schools and sul)sc(iuently in a more 
 advanced institution, but he was onl\- fifteen 
 years of age when he coiniucnced his business 
 career in his father's cstablislinK-nt in St. Louis. 
 
 When the war broke out he regarded it as his 
 duty to support the South, and when only nine- 
 teen years of age he left St. Louis and enli.sted 
 in the Confederate army, serving in the artillery 
 attached to Cockrell's brigade until the end of 
 the war, seeing much active service and fighting 
 shoulder to shoulder with a number of uien who 
 are now, like himself, looked upon with the 
 greatest respect h>- St. Louis people generally. 
 
 His military career terminated in June, 18(55, 
 and he shortly afterwards returned to St. Louis, 
 via New Orleans, and was made a partner in the 
 carpet house, the firm name being changed to 
 J. Kennard & Sous. Mr. Samuel M. Kennard 
 iufu.sed a great deal of new life into the bu.sine.ss, 
 and before long had almost exclusive control of 
 the buying department. On the death of his 
 father the firm was incorporated under the State 
 law as the J. Kennard & Sons' Carpet Company, 
 of which establishment the .subject of this sketch 
 is the president and the guiding spirit. He has 
 taken several long trips in the interest of the 
 house, and possessing to a marvelous extent the 
 facult}-, the conciliation, and friendship-mak- 
 ing, he has succeeded in opening up new terri- 
 tory and in vastly increasing the scope of the 
 firm's operations. In only one respect does the 
 great carpet company resemble the courpara- 
 tively small Kentucky house from which it 
 sprung. This is in the policy of sterling justice 
 tocu.stomers; and the confidence which is reposed 
 in the house is something unique in commer- 
 cial history. Its traveling men cover almost the 
 entire country, and it may be regarded as one of 
 the most lasting bulwarks of St. Louis com- 
 merce. 
 
 Mr. Kennard is what may be termed an inde- 
 pendent Democrat, always glad when he can 
 give to his party the full force of his support. 
 He has been frequently asked to accept political 
 office, and when he can be persuaded to accejit 
 the ma\oralty nomination he will be supported 
 b\- the connnercial element, without regard to 
 partw He married in the year bSliT Miss .\uniri- 
 K. M.uide,sister of John 15. Maude and .Mrs. l'. 
 C. Sharpe, of this city, and has a family of six 
 cliildren. .Mr. and Mrs. Kennard and famil\- 
 
ir.s 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 reside in an elegant mansion on the corner of 
 Portland place and King's Highway bonlevard. 
 
 ^ilention has already been made of Mr. Ken- 
 nard's active work outside his own business. 
 He is president of the Autumnal Festivities As- 
 sociation; treasurer of the Citizens' Smoke 
 Abatement Association; a director and ex-pres- 
 ident of the St. Louis Exposition and Music 
 Hall Association; a member of the Mercantile 
 Club, having been its president for the first and 
 second year; a member of the Noonday, Com- 
 mercial and St. Louis clubs; a director of the 
 American Exchange Bank, the Mississippi Val- 
 ley Trust Company, and the St. Louis and Sub- 
 urban Railroad Company; and president of the 
 Missouri Savings & Loan Company. 
 
 "Sir. Kennard is a prominent member of the 
 St. John's M. E. Church, South, and has con- 
 tributed most liberally towards its support. In 
 religion, as in politics, he is exceedingly liberal, 
 and he has a deep-rooted objection to bitter sec- 
 tarianism or religious warfare of any kind. Al- 
 though a Protestant by education and con\-ic- 
 tion, he has seen so much good work done by 
 Catholics that he recognizes in them co-laborers 
 for one cocnmou end; and during his war career 
 he shared a blanket every night for two years 
 with a Catholic priest. His friends are members 
 of all denominations, and sincerity is in his 
 judgment the one thing needful. His attitude 
 on the drink question is similar. He fights in- 
 teraperence, but is opposed to unduly severe 
 prohibition legislation, and his position, although 
 perfectly logical, has in consequence been some- 
 times misunderstood. The various institutions 
 and funds with which he is, and has been, con- 
 nected have been occasionally criticised in 
 matters of detail, but the people generally agree 
 that he has proved a faithful steward in every way. 
 
 G.\iENNiE, Fr.\xk, general manager of the St. 
 Louis Exposition, may be described as a born 
 organizer, so successful has he been in arrang- 
 ing and organizing public enterprises having 
 for their object the betterment of St. Louis, and 
 more especially for the entertainment of visitors 
 to the city. No man in the city has a larger num- 
 
 berof personal friends, and ^Ir. (yaiennie isso pro- 
 verbially faithful that he is in the confidence of 
 members of both political parties and of repre- 
 sentatives of rival factions in almost every walk 
 of life. 
 
 As manager of the Exposition he has proved 
 himself to be the right man in the right place. 
 He was appointed at a time when interest in the 
 annual event seemed to be waning. He at once 
 took hold, conciliated all interests, caused a re- 
 vival of friendly rivalry, and introduced so many 
 novelties into the arrangement and management 
 that each of his four seasons has been not only 
 successful from a financial standpoint, but also 
 an artistic and musical success of no insignifi- 
 cant character. It was Mr. (laiennie who ar- 
 ranged for the largest military band ever seen 
 upon the stage of any building in the world, 
 and Gilmore's One Hundred will ever be remem- 
 bered as a tribute to his enterprise and daring. 
 
 The sudden death of Colonel Gilmore during 
 the season of 1892 placed the Exposition 
 management in a most unfortunate position, 
 and once more Mr. Gaiennie's tact and judg- 
 ment was manifest. He succeeded in not only 
 completing the musical programme for the }earin 
 a satisfactory manner, but also in securing for 
 subsequent seasons Sousa's Unrivaled Band, 
 undoubtedh- the greatest musical aggregation in 
 existence. 
 
 As secretary of the Autumnal Festivities 
 Association, Mr. Gaiennie during the years 1891, 
 1892 and 1893 did yeoman service for St. Louis. 
 It is impossible to give him too much credit for 
 the inception of the idea which led to the forma- 
 tion of the association, while during the three 
 seasons of its active work he took charge of all 
 the immense mass of detail work, declining to 
 accept any remuneration for services worth 
 many thousands of dollars. The uniquely suc- 
 cessful St. Louis reception to the Foreign Com- 
 missioners to the World's Fair was a result of 
 his forethought and ingenuity, and the manner 
 in which he secured for the Exposition of 1.S94, 
 the cream of the Missouri State exhibit at the 
 Columbian Exposition, stamps him as a diplo- 
 matist as well as an organizer. 
 
l^yt^lY^^^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
BIOGRA PHICA I, APPENDIX. 
 
 Ifii) 
 
 Mr. Gaiemiie was l)oni in the city of New 
 Drleans, on February i*, 1841. Both his parents 
 kvere natives of Louisiana, and every drop of 
 jlood in Mr. Gaienuie's veins is American. He 
 ivas educated in the public and private schools 
 )f New Orleans, and finally graduated in the 
 ;onimercial course at Bel wood Academy near 
 Matchitoches, Louisiana, Mr. C. C. Preston 
 jeing principal at the time. When seventeen 
 rears of age he entered into mercantile life in 
 Matchitoches, and three years later was mustered 
 nto the Confederate army. He enlisted in 
 \pril, ISCl, and on May 17th was enlisted as a 
 private in company G, Third Louisiana Infantry. 
 
 He bore the brunt of a severe campaign, and 
 ,vas elected respectively second and first lieuten- 
 lut. He participated in the battles of Wilson 
 ^reek, Pea Ridge, luka Springs, the second 
 cattle of Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg, and 
 dl of the marches and skirmishes incidental to 
 iiese campaigns. 
 
 He was paroled at Natchitoches in July, 
 1865, and at once obtained a position as clerk 
 n New ( )rleans. In l-Siii! he became a partner 
 n the firm of E. K. Converse S: Company, from 
 .vliich he retired in 1873. In that year he came 
 ;o St. Louis, wdiere he established the firm of 
 jaiennie.& Marks. During the last twenty-one 
 rears he has resided continuously in this city, 
 uul has been a ])romiuent member of the Mer- 
 diants' Kxchangc during the whole of that 
 jeriod. In 187!i he was elected director of the 
 Exchange, and in 1882 became its vice-presi- 
 leut. He was elected president for the year 
 I8S7, and his administration was an exception- 
 dly successful one. He has also served for 
 hree consecutive years as vice-president of the 
 National Board of Trade. 
 
 Among the other positions occupied at various 
 :imes by Mr. Gaiennie, that of police commis- 
 sioner, from 188.") to 1888, both inclusive, may 
 je specially mentioned. He was also secretar}^ 
 jf the World's Fair Committee, and is now 
 1 vice-president of the Confederate Home for 
 indigent Southern soldiers at Higgins\-ille, Mis- 
 souri. Of this latter institution he was one of 
 die original promoters and incorporators, and he 
 
 spared no efforts to raise the large sum of money 
 necessary for the admirable objects contemplated 
 by the originators. 
 
 Mr. Gaienuie's career as police commissioner 
 was a very satisfactory one, and it is an open 
 secret that it was largely the result of his efforts 
 that both James G. Blaine and Grover Cleve- 
 land visited St. Louis during the year 18,S7. 
 The admirable police arrangements during the 
 festivities incidental to both visits are not likely 
 to be forgotten for uiauy years to come, and the 
 same remark applies to another conspicuous 
 event of the same year — the holding of the 
 Grand Army Encampment for the first time in 
 the history of the societ\- in what many of its 
 members regarded as a Southern city. Mr. Gai- 
 ennie also acted as grand marshal of the Papal 
 Jubilee Parade on October 2, 1887, and held the 
 same position at the centennial of President 
 Washington's inauguration on April 30, 188i». 
 
 Mr. Gaiennie married in New Orleans, Feb- 
 ruary 22, 1872, Miss Maria Louisa Elder. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Gaienuie's family consists at present 
 of two daughters and four sons, their oldest son 
 ha\ing recently died. 
 
 PjOOTh, Joh.v N., was a native Missourian, 
 having been born in Clarksville, Pike county, 
 Missouri, July 1, 18;)."). His father. Major James 
 W. Booth, was the son of Colonel Wm. Booth, 
 a veteran of the Revolution of 177(>, and was 
 born near Winchester, \'irginia, in 1801, at the 
 old home of the Booth family, where they had 
 lived from the time that the first American 
 member of the family had emigrated from En- 
 gland in the year 1()7(). The old house stood 
 until recent years, and during the civil war was 
 in the very center of the battle-field of Win- 
 chester, made famous to the younger generation 
 of Americans more through the incident of the 
 thrilling ride of General Sheridan, which has 
 been immortalized in prose and poetry, than 
 through the battle itself, important as it was in 
 its bearing on the closing issues of the civil war. 
 
 Major Booth spent the earlier years of his life 
 in Kentuckv, where he received his education, 
 graduating with honors at Transylvania College. 
 
170 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Ill IS'io lie came to Alissoiiri, settling at Clarks- 
 ville. Here he remained for sixteen years, 
 engaged in merchandising and milling. Dnr- 
 ing this time he took part in the Black Hawk 
 war and gained the title of major. He married 
 Miss Sophronia Naylor, of St. Charles county, 
 Missouri, whose father had located in Missouri 
 in the early years of the century, in 1833. He 
 removed to St. Louis in 184<i, recognizing that 
 it was destined to become the greatest cit>' of 
 the Mississippi Valley, and desiring to find a 
 broader field for his labors. Here he soon em- 
 barked in the leaf tobacco and general commis- 
 sion business, and the firm he tlien founded has 
 continued in business up to the present date, 
 conforming as occasion might arise with the 
 changes incident to the development of the busi- 
 ness, and has always been in the front rank of 
 the progressive business houses of the grow- 
 ing metropolis. 
 
 It is now probabh- the oldest established com- 
 mission firm in St. Louis, and one of the oldest 
 firms of any kind in the cit\-. By the infusion 
 of fresh methods in the business from time to 
 time, and by the association of younger men in 
 its management, it not only maintains the ad- 
 vantages accruing from its half century of high 
 standing, but is kept in close touch with the 
 present times and methods. 
 
 Arrived in St. Louis at the age of eleven 
 years, John N. Booth received his education 
 from Mr. Edward Wyman, an ideal teacher and 
 disciplinarian, whose memory is revered by the 
 older residents of the city. At an early age he 
 left school and became associated with his 
 father in business, and for forty years thereafter 
 was connected with the commission business, 
 and was a master of its every detail. While 
 .signally .successful in the conduct of his business 
 during these many }-ears, he never allowed his 
 time to be entirely taken up by his own imme- 
 diate interests, but whenever occasion presented 
 itself he took occasion to associate himself 
 with matters pertaining to the general busi- 
 ness interests of the city, among other things 
 taking an active part in the conception and 
 establishment of Forest Park, which has now 
 
 become the city's chief pride and embellish- 
 ment. He was connected as a director from 
 time to time with a large number of important 
 local enterprises, notably in the development of 
 the great grain elevator interests of the cit>-, 
 and with the management of the ^Mechanics' 
 Bank, and was regular in attendance at meet- 
 ings and conscientious in his voting and influ- 
 ence. 
 
 His father, ^lajor Booth, was a man of a sin- 
 gularly affable nature, and his personal friends 
 were legion in consequence. This quality was 
 inherited in full by the son, and by his manlv, 
 conscientious and cheerful nature he endeared 
 himself to every one who came in contact with 
 him. While having such a large personal ac- 
 quaintance, he was of a retiring disposition, and 
 always refused to allow his name to be brought 
 forward at conventions, etc., although frequently 
 importuned to do so by his friends. More than 
 once he could have been nominated president of 
 the Merchants' Exchange, the highest honor to 
 which a merchant can aspire, but his retiring 
 nature prevented his acceptance. 
 
 He was the son of Christian parents and a 
 practical Christian himself. By faith a Presby- 
 terian, his deep religious convictions were only 
 equaled by his entire freedom from uorrow sec- 
 tarianism. 
 
 He married in P'ebruary, 1S(;(;, Miss Alice 
 Cxarrison, daughter of Hon. D. R. Crarrison. 
 Two children were boru, a son and a daughter, 
 and the former survi\es his father and succeeds 
 to his place in the business, and to the heritage 
 of the noble reputation which he has left be- 
 hind him. 
 
 Samuel, Wkb.stkr Mar.shai.l, one of the 
 most prominent members of the Merchants' 
 Exchange and ad\-ocates of Mississippi river 
 improvement, was born on ^larch 7, Is;!!. 
 Like so many other men who have risen to 
 prominence, Mr. Samuel was born in the 
 country, his parent's home at the time of his 
 birth being at the little town of Liberty, ^Nlis- 
 souri. His father, Mr. P^hvard M. .Samuel, was 
 among the earliest settlers at that place, and by 
 
^^ c^--/^;^ 
 
 '■/ 
 
niOGRAPHICAL APPEA'D/X. 
 
 171 
 
 lis strict attention to Inisiness and never-vary- 
 ug integrity lie earned the respect of his neigli- 
 3ors and rose to the position of president of tlie 
 Parmers' Bank of Liberty, an important posi- 
 :ion which he held for several years. Mrs. E. 
 \I. Samuel was formerly Miss Elizabeth Garner, 
 ;he Garner family being a prominent one in 
 V^irginia and Kentucky circles. Mrs Samuel 
 vas a great-granddaughter of General John 
 Frigg, who commanded a battalion against 
 ^ornwallis at the battle of Yorktown. 
 
 Mr. Web. Samuel, as the gentleman has al- 
 vays been known among his friends and busi- 
 less associates, graduated from Center College, 
 Danville, Kentucky, in the year 1852. Six 
 •ears later, when he was but twenty-tour \-ears 
 )f age, he entered into the grain and commis- 
 ;ion business, and, with the exception of an in- 
 erval during the war, he continued in this 
 )usiness until the year ISfSil, when he accepted 
 he piesidency of the St. Louis United Eleva- 
 ors, a corporation which owns and controls all 
 he local grain elevators with but two exce]> 
 ions. 
 
 The nature of his business naturally led to 
 \[r. .Samuel locating in the largest city in the 
 5tate, and for some thirty-five years he has been 
 dentified with St. Louis. In ISi;,'') he became 
 lonnected with the Merchants' Exchange, and 
 line 3'ears later he was elected its president, 
 lis administration being marked by unusual 
 interprise and repeated successes. Among tlie 
 )fiices held by him, the vice-presidenc\- of the 
 ettys Improvement Company may be mentioned 
 is one of the most important. Brought into con- 
 tant contact with the river and river traffic, Mr. 
 jamuel became convinced of the absolute neces- 
 ity of a comprehensive scheme of river improve- 
 nent. Besides individual effort, which has 
 )roved very successful, he has twice acted as a 
 lelegate to visit Washington and urge upon the 
 "ederal authorities the importance of river iin- 
 )rovenient, and within the last two years he has 
 )een iiiainh- instrumental in securing legislation 
 )f a most lilieral character in this direction. 
 
 Mr. Samuel also turned his attention to iiisur- 
 iiice work, and for several Nears was iircsident of 
 
 the Phtenix Company. He was also connected 
 with the "Pony Express," which carried the 
 mail from St. Joseph to San Francisco, the 
 arduous trip being made by aid of ponies in ten 
 days. Although the Union Pacific Railway now 
 runs over practically the same route as that fol- 
 lowed by the ponies, the time has only been 
 shortened about sixty per cent. Mr. Samuel 
 became connected with the express through the 
 firm of Russell, Majors & Waddell, who were the 
 earliest holders of government freighting con- 
 tracts in the West. ]\Ir. Samuel gave his per- 
 sonal attention to the work and made more than 
 one tour of inspection along the then danger- 
 ous route. In this, as in all othes matters, he 
 regarded the interests of the public as his own, 
 and it is this vigorous unselfishness which has 
 made his career so successful and earned for 
 him the hearty respect of his fellow-citizens. 
 Mr. Samuel married in the year 18;')?, a daugh- 
 ter of Mr. William H. Russell, senior member 
 of the firm of Russell, Majors & Waddell, 
 already referred to. Mr. and Mrs. Samuel have 
 had seven children, the oldest of whom, who is 
 named after his grandfather, is now a member 
 of the firm of Adams & Samuel, grain and 
 commission merchants. The other sons are, 
 W. R. Samuel, Benjamin A. Samuel, Webster 
 M. Samuel, Jr., and Newman Samuel. Both 
 the daughters, Fanny and Elizabeth, are mar- 
 ried, the former being now Mrs. John a Spoor, 
 wife of the general manager of the Wagner Pal- 
 ace Company; and the latter Mrs. IDaniel (Har- 
 rison, of this cit\-. 
 
 Havks, Jo.seph M. — .Vniong the men who 
 have helped to make the commercial history of 
 the great city of St. Louis, and whose sterling 
 traits of character and unaided efforts have raised 
 them to a high position, none are more worthy 
 of mention than Joseph M. Hayes, the head of 
 the great woolen house bearing his name. His 
 l:)iography is most interesting, and should prove 
 an encouragement to the young man just enter- 
 ing upon the struggle of life, as it shows success 
 to l)e certain to him wlio ]iossesses witliin him- 
 self the elements which deserve it. 
 
172 
 
 OLD AND MFAV ST. LOCIS. 
 
 Joseph M. Hayes was bom in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, February 17, 184(); five years afterwards, 
 however, his parents moved from Cincinnati to 
 Illinois, finally locating at Peoria, where young 
 Hayes received his education, attending public 
 schools, and afterward Fay's Academy, leaving 
 the latter to enter a commercial college in Chi- 
 cago, where he took the full commercial course, 
 including commercial law. Graduating from 
 this college fully equipped in respect to a knowl- 
 edge of commercial methods, he entered into 
 practical business in Chicago, at the age of 
 nineteen. 
 
 Fortunately born with a disposition towards 
 the practice^ of sensible economy and habits 
 which were reasonable and steady, he at once 
 began to save his money; these savings, coupled 
 with the result of some speculation in real 
 estate, enabled him to enter business on his own 
 account at the age of twenty-four. It was in 
 January, 1871, that he opened his small business, 
 and had scarcely gotten it fairly under way when 
 the great Chicago fire of October, 1871, occurred. 
 This enormous conflagration swept hundreds of 
 firms out of existence, and among them the 
 business presided over by Mr. Hayes. An}' man 
 of less energy and grit might have been over- 
 whelmed by such early misfortune; iMit Mr. 
 Hayes had the courage to bank on the future, 
 and the very next day after the fire he pur- 
 chased the stock and fixtures of a business on 
 the edge of the burnt district, and immediatly 
 started to New York to complete arrangements 
 for a new beginning. Notwithstanding the 
 large loss by the fire, the indebtness of the 
 firm was paid in full, leaving but little to recom- 
 mence business with except the confidence of 
 former creditors, which, howe\'er, was not lack- 
 ing, and his efforts, therefore, at another start 
 were successful. The year following the fire was 
 a very trying one, owing to the scarcity of biisi- 
 ness buildings, and Mr. Hayes having no money 
 to invest in such a structure, determined upon a 
 removal to St. Louis. The struggle here to 
 estaljlish the business and recoup the losses b\- 
 the fire was a long one, but the l:>usiness was 
 gotten fairly under way in bS7."), and since 
 
 then its growth has been constant and its 
 prosperity unbroken. 
 
 In 188(5, with a view of interesting some of 
 the faithful employes in the business, the firm 
 was incorporated, and is known as the Joseph 
 M. Hayes Woolen Company. Mr. Hayes is to- 
 day the owner and mo\-ing spirit of the busi- 
 ness, as he has always been. He and his busi- 
 ness are peculiarly and closely related. He has 
 infused his personalit\- into every department, 
 and it has grown to be almost a part of himself. 
 The business as originally established was on a 
 smaller scale, but with the directing brain of its 
 owner guiding it, it has grown to magnificent 
 proportions, until to-day it proudly stands as 
 one of the greatest houses in its line in the 
 United States. The compau\- deals in woolens 
 for men's wear, being importers and jobbers. It 
 also deals extensively and imports all kinds of 
 tailors' trimmings, and, in fact, supplies every- 
 thing required in the manufacture of men's 
 clothing. Some idea of the magnitude the 
 business has now reached may be gained when 
 it is stated that the trade territory reaches from 
 Duluth in the north to the Gulf on the south, 
 from C)hio on the east to the Pacific on the west, 
 within which a large corps of traveling salesmen 
 are constantly kept busy waiting on the custom- 
 ers of the house. The house is known every- 
 where for its solidity and unvarying integritx , 
 and in the business community its responsibilitx 
 is unimpeachable. The achievement of these 
 results is well worthy the life-time of labor be- 
 stowed upon it, and reflects the highest credit 
 on the sagacity, energy and devotion of Mr. 
 Hayes to correct business methods. 
 
 In writing the biography of "S\x. Hayes, it has 
 been previously intimated that the lousiness has 
 become an expression of his character; and 
 those who know the business and its methods 
 can make a fair estimate of the man who has 
 made it what it is. He is a man of the most 
 rugged integrity, honorable and just in all the 
 relations of life, quiet and unassuming, seldom 
 acting on wild impulses, conservati\'e, but not 
 narrow, he is a man of great reserve force and 
 abilitv. His executive talent is highlv devel- 
 
^^^^-^^-.^^^U^.^;::^ 
 
nrOCRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 173 
 
 )ped, and he has the facult\- of doing a large 
 iinonnt of work without the appearance of great 
 exertion. Between him and liis employes the 
 kindliest feelings exist, as best evidenced by the 
 fact that many have been with him for years. 
 
 In private life his social qnalities and genial 
 nature ha\-e won him the esteem of all with 
 vvliom he has come in contact; and his host of 
 friends admire and honor him for his manliness, 
 nflexible honesty and goodness of heart. He 
 !s jnst entering the meridian of life, and with 
 liis past record of success to build upon, he will 
 iccomplish yet more brilliant results for himself 
 \nd for others. 
 
 HoLTHAUS, IvOVis J., a financier of great ex- 
 perience and ability, was born in St. Louis, De- 
 :ember Hi, 1<S42. His parents were both na- 
 :ives of Germany, his father, Caspar L., having 
 jeen born in Hanover, and his mother, formerly 
 Miss Mary \'. Hintz, having been liorn and 
 raised in Rhenish Bavaria. 
 
 When he was very young Mr. and Mrs. Holt- 
 liaus lirought Louis J. to this country, and he 
 ivas educated in the public schools of St. Louis, 
 ifterwards taking a counse at St. Louis Univer- 
 sity and a commercial college. In 1859 he went 
 into the tobacco manufacturing business with 
 liis father, and continued his connection with it 
 ;intil 1S!H), when he retired and Mr. Holthaus, 
 Sr., continued operations alone. 
 
 The subject of this sketch is a mathematician 
 jf exceptional ability, and, regarding a financial 
 :areer as more in his line than any other, he 
 3;ave his attention quite early in life to banks 
 md banking. About eleven years ago he was 
 elected director of the Fourth National Bank of 
 :his city, and the care and skill he exhibited 
 resulted in his being made \-ice-president of the 
 ;n.stitution, a position he continues to occupy to 
 ;he satisfaction of all parties. His coun.sel is 
 sought in matters of emergency and importance, 
 ind he is looked upon as a man whose advice 
 :an alwavs be accepted with safety. Xaturally 
 :onser\-ative as well as enterprising, he com- 
 )iues caution with progressiveness to an extent 
 ivhich makes him a model banker. 
 
 In addition to his banking connections Mr. 
 Holthaus has for several years been acting as 
 guardian and administrator for relatives and 
 members of his own family, his administration 
 of the estate being conducted on business prin- 
 ciples of a very advantageous character. 
 
 Twenty-four years ago Mr. Holthaus married 
 Mi.ss Johanna J. Geisel, daughter of Mr. George 
 Geisel, who was a leading furniture manufact- 
 urer of this city prior to 1849. They have five 
 children living — Louis C, aged twenty-one 
 years, who is clerk in the Fourth National 
 Bank; Alice, Laura, Dora and Grover Cleveland. 
 
 Merrkll, Jacob Spenckr, son of Jacob and 
 Sylvia (Spencer ) Merrell, was born in West- 
 moreland, Oneida county. New York, February 
 5, 1827. He is descended on both sides from 
 English families, his father being a direct de- 
 scendant of the Jacob Merrell who came from 
 the old country with the original Hartford 
 colony. The Spencers were also of English 
 extraction, the family having emigrated to 
 America in the early colonial days. 
 
 Mr. J. S. Merrell was the only son of a fam- 
 ily of some size, and from early boyhood he 
 had to work on the farm, his .school attendance 
 being confined to the winter months. As a 
 child he was eager and active, neglecting no 
 opportunit>- and overcoming many of the diffi- 
 culties with which he had to contend. He was 
 but fifteen years of age when he decided to 
 strike out a career for himself, but recognizing 
 his father's claims upon him, he, in accordance 
 with a code of ethics scarcely understood in the 
 West, bought the unexpired term of his appren- 
 ticeship, or service, for $150, with $30 additional 
 for his clothing. He had saved $<iO in cash, 
 which he turned over in part payment; and, 
 with nothing but the proverbial bundle and a 
 solitary dollar in his pocket, he started out to 
 make his fortune. 
 
 After working for some time as a driver on 
 the Erie canal at nine dollars a month, he 
 resumed farm work, Init later worked his passage 
 to Buffalo and thence to Toledo, where, a prom- 
 ised position not being forthcoming, he cut 
 
174 
 
 OLD AND NEW S7\ LOUIS. 
 
 cord-wood for a livelihood. In the following 
 spring he went to Lexington, Kentncky, where 
 for six months he clerked in a grocer}- store. 
 His next work was bnying fnrs in the Kentucky 
 mountains, which work he continued until on 
 one occasion, when marketing his furs in Cin- 
 cinnati, he purchased a small drug mill on 
 Western Row and commenced work in the busi- 
 ness with which his name was ever afterwards 
 connected. 
 
 He was then eighteen years of age, but, with 
 an energy which did him credit, he increased 
 the capacity of the little mill, employed ten 
 hands and manufactured thirty thousand dollars 
 worth of goods every year. In 1853 he rightly 
 concluded that St. Louis offered him better ad- 
 vantages than any other city, and he accordingly 
 came here, selling his Cincinnati business and 
 establishing himself on St. Charles street, be- 
 tween Fifth and Sixth streets. He prospered 
 for four years, but in 1S57 his place was burnt 
 down, and although his insurance was only four 
 thousand dollars, his losses were seven times 
 that amount. 
 
 His creditors, recognizing his integrity and 
 misfortune, signified their willingness to accept 
 a composition, but the young man declined, de- 
 claring his intention of paying ever)- one in full, 
 a resolution he manfully kept. He speedily got 
 his business started again and continued to 
 prosper in spite of difficulties and drawbacks. 
 In 1875 Mr. Cyrus P. Walbridge, now mayor of 
 St. Louis and a son-in-law of Mr. Merrell, be- 
 came connected with the business, and he 
 relieved Mr. Merrell of a great deal of the ardu- 
 ous work connected with it, although that 
 gentleman retained sole ownership of the house 
 until his death, which occurred in 1885. 
 
 Like most self-made men Mr. Merrell was 
 always exceptionally anxious to assist hard- 
 working young men who applied to him for 
 assistance, and he also sought out a number of 
 immigrants and aided them in an unostentatious 
 but generous manner. He was for several years 
 connected with the First Congregational Church, 
 and was for ten years president of its board of 
 trustees. Politicallv, he w-as a Whiij and a 
 
 Republican, but was only once persuaded to 
 take office. This was in 1881, when he was 
 nominated treasurer of St. Louis and elected by 
 a large majority. During the war he was a 
 persistent Unionist, and did a great deal of work 
 of a missionary character in the city. 
 
 On September 20, 1848, Mr. Merrell married 
 Miss Kate Jeannette Kellogg, daughter of Dea- 
 con Warren Kellogg, of Westmoreland, New 
 York. Of his children, Mr. Hubert S. Merrell is 
 now vice-president of the Merrell Drug Com- 
 pany, and his daughter is the wife of the pres- 
 ent mayor of the city. 
 
 vStraub, Augustus W., son of John N. and 
 Elizabeth ( Lang) Straub, was born in Alleghany 
 City, Pennsylvania, March 30, 1846. He was 
 educated in the public schools of his native city, 
 and of Pittsburgh, and when eighteen years of 
 age he entered the banking house of Mr. Philip 
 R.Mertz, of Pittsburgh, in which he was engaged 
 at important clerical work for five years. He 
 then went to Europe, where he remained for 
 about seven months, during which time the 
 Franco- Prussian war was raging. 
 
 On returning to America he became interested 
 in his father's brewery business at Alleghau)- 
 Cit\-, and was a member of the firm of Straub & 
 Sons until the year LS72, when he came to vSt. 
 Louis. He became a partner here in the brew- 
 ery of Julius Winkelmeyer, and for eighteen 
 years he continued to do active work in connec- 
 tion with this important brewery, whose busi- 
 ness increased rapidly, owing to his able and 
 never-ceasing work and enterprise. Mr. Straub 
 increased the territory supplied from the well- 
 known brewer\- in a systematic and very prof- 
 itable manner, and it was largely owing to his 
 influence and push that the brewery was in a 
 measure remodeled and generally fitted up in 
 the best possible style. 
 
 During the eighties the Winkelmeyer brew- 
 ery came to be regarded as one of the most im- 
 portant in the West, and its brand was looked 
 upon as a guarantee of the most unimpeachable 
 character. When the English syndicate first 
 approached the St. Louis breweries with a view 
 
BIOi.RAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 o purchasinj^ tlie plant and good-will, Mr. 
 jtranb, with a majority of the men who have 
 nade the name of St. Louis famous in the United 
 states, was opposed to the transaction, but was 
 inally prevailed upon with his partners to agree 
 o a transfer, and the brewery became the Win- 
 ;elnieyer branch of the St. Louis Brewing Asso- 
 ;iation, with Mr. Julius Winkelmeyer as its 
 iUperintendent. Flattering offers were made to 
 ilr. Straub by the association, but he decided to 
 erminate for a time his active connection with 
 ^t. Louis brewing interests, and early in the 
 ,ear l^SiK) he sailed for Europe, where he re- 
 iiained for a period of eighteen months. He 
 nade a tour of the principal cities of the Old 
 kVorld, combining business with pleasure, and 
 particularly .studying the financial methods best 
 ipproved and endorsed in London, Paris, Berlin 
 md other large financial centers. 
 
 Late in the )ear LSDl Air. Straub returned 
 ;o St. Louis and devoted his entire attention to 
 lis extensive banking and real estate interests 
 n this city. As a financier he had already at- 
 :ained a very high reputation, which he has 
 since increased, particularly by his very able 
 nanagement of the affairs of the International 
 Bank. In the year ISST this bank, situated at 
 l\ North F'nurth street, was in a somewhat uu- 
 lealthy condition, transacting little business, 
 lud with its credit impaired or at least weak, 
 riie directors .selected Mr. August Straub as 
 ;he best man possible to re-establish it on a firm 
 ind reliable basis, and a reorganization was 
 effected, with Mr. Straub as president. From 
 :hat time forward the bank has rapidh- grown 
 in puljlic fa\-or, and it is now looked upon as 
 jue of the most substantial financial institutions 
 in the West. Mr. Straub has given to it during 
 :lie last five years, w-ith the exception of the 
 jhort time he spent in Europe, the closest pos- 
 sible attention, and he allows no detail in the 
 management to escape his notice. His name 
 It the head of affairs at once silenced any rumors 
 js to the .stability of the in.stitution, and the 
 bank now does an exceptionally large business 
 ;)f a highly profitable and satisfactor^• character. 
 
 Mr. Straub's name is connected with most of 
 
 the movements in St. Louis which have resulted 
 in benefit to the city. He is regarded as an ex- 
 ceptionally enterprising, though a safely con- 
 servative, man, and his career since he com- 
 menced work as a bank clerk thirty years ago 
 has been an exceedingly creditable one. His 
 two trips to Europe have established for him a 
 very valuable connection in the Old World, and 
 he has correspondents in almost every large 
 city. The International does a very large for- 
 eign as well as home business, and the presi- 
 dent's discretion and knowledge of foreign mat- 
 ters and credits is resulting in a steady increase 
 in this line of business. Mr. Straub is fre- 
 quently consulted on questions involving Euro- 
 pean financial affairs, and although essentially 
 a busy man, he is courteous and attentive to all 
 and has well earned the popularity he now en- 
 joys. In addition to this he is the custodian of 
 large trust and other funds, and few large enter- 
 prises are embarked in without consultation 
 with him. 
 
 Mr. Straub married in 1873 Mi.ss Julia L. 
 Winkelmeyer, of St. Louis. The family resides 
 in a hand.some residence on Blaine and Grand 
 avenues. They are well known in the society 
 circles of the We.st and South Ivnds. 
 
 Francis, David Rowlaxd, one of the most 
 persistent advocates of "standing up for Mis- 
 souri," is about forty-four years of age and is a 
 native of Kentucky. He was born in Rich- 
 mond, Aladison county, October 1, lcS.")(), both 
 of his parents having lived the whole of their 
 lives in the same county. The Francis family 
 claimed Scotch, Irish and also Welsh blood, 
 and some of their ancestors were very promi- 
 nent, both in their nati\e countries and in Amer- 
 ica. Mr.Francis received a preliminary education 
 in the schools near his home, and when he was 
 about sixteen years of age he came to St. Louis 
 and entered the Washington University. He 
 studied there about four years, graduating in 
 the class of 1870 with the degree of B.A. 
 
 On leaving college he entered the commis- 
 sion house of vShryock i<: Rowland, of this 
 citv, and continued in their employ until April 
 
17(i 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ;$(), 1X77, when the firm went out of existence, 
 being dissoh-ed by nuitual consent. On the 
 following day Mr. Francis opened a grain com- 
 mission business on his own account, and from 
 the first tliis enterprise was uniquely prosper- 
 ous. Possessed of an exceptionally keen in- 
 tellect and an ability to read the signs of the 
 times promptly, he made some most success- 
 ful investments, and very soon began to be 
 looked upon as not only among the wealthy 
 men of the city, but also as one of the lead- 
 ers of the Merchants' Exchange. 
 
 In 1880 Mr. Sidney R. Francis, a younger 
 brother, became more intimately associated in 
 the business, and in June, 1884, the D. R. Fran- 
 cis & Brother Commission Company was incor- 
 porated, with Mr. D. R. Francis as president. 
 The success of the corporation continued to 
 excite admiration, and the confidence reposed 
 in it is the natural outcome of the high stand- 
 ing of the officers, who include, with the origi- 
 nal founder, Mr. W. G. Boyd, now president 
 of the Merchants' Exchange; Mr. Thomas H. 
 Francis, and Mr. W. P. Kennett, Mr. S. R. 
 Francis having died in December, 18!»;'>. The 
 operations of the house extend over the entire 
 country, and immense quantities of wheat, corn, 
 oats, barley, cotton, provisions and pork are 
 handled. A large business is also done in fut- 
 ures, in addition to an immense export trade 
 which requires the maintenance of a branch 
 house at New Orleans as well as the commodi- 
 ous offices in the Gay Central Building, at the 
 corner of Third and Pine streets. 
 
 Although Mr. Francis, or Goxernor Francis, 
 as lie is now called, has made a fortune out of 
 the grain business, it is rather as a common- 
 sense politician that he will be best known to 
 posterit}-. In 1888 he was made vice-president 
 of the Merchants' Exchange, and in the follow- 
 ing year he became president of the institution. 
 While holding the presidency he was elected a 
 delegate at large from Missouri to the Demo- 
 cratic National Convention, and his voice was 
 heard in able advocacy of Cleveland and Hen- 
 dricks at Chicago. In March, 18.S.'), there oc- 
 curred one of the most remarkable contests in 
 
 St. Louis history for the Democratic nomination 
 for the mayoralt)', and after 184 ballots had 
 been taken without any result, an inspiration 
 seized the convention, Mr. Francis was run as a 
 dark horse and nominated on the one hundred 
 and eighty-fifth ballot. 
 
 His opponent on the Republican ticket had 
 been elected four years before by a majority of 
 14,()(H), and his re-election was regarded as a 
 certaint\'. But Mr. F'rancis introduced the 
 young men into politics, and after a most inter- 
 esting contest, which was fought out until the 
 last moment the polls were open, the }outhful 
 element triumphed and ]\Ir. Francis was de- 
 clared elected by a majority of 1,400. 
 
 In the chapter on Municipal Developments in 
 the historical section of this work, some record 
 is given of the remarkable success which Mayor 
 Francis commanded as well as deserved during 
 his administration, and it is unnecessary to 
 repeat the achievements here. His veto of the 
 Electric Elevated bill, on account of an inade- 
 quate compensation of the city being provided 
 for, was an act of firmness which was criticised 
 at the time by some few who were interested in 
 the passage of the bill, l)Ut which was generalh' 
 approved by thinking tax-payers, and which 
 established a precedent worth many thousand 
 dollars a year to the cit)'. He also succeeded in 
 reducing the average municipal debt interest from 
 seven and six per cent to four per cent, and even 
 less. He also succeeded in securing payment In- 
 the Missouri Pacific Railroad of a judgment in 
 favor of the city amounting to nearly $1,000,000. 
 
 A warm personal friendship having sprung up 
 between Mayor F^rancis and President Cleveland, 
 the latter was prevailed upon in 1887 to visit St. 
 Louis during the festivities. He was the guest 
 of Mayor Francis in the elegant mansion which 
 that gentleman then occupied on \'andeventer 
 place, and there was an excellent display of just 
 that kind of hospitality which would be expected 
 from a man who was born in Kentucky and 
 raised in Missouri. Several other very interest- 
 ing social events marked ^Ir. Francis mayoralt>-, 
 and although vSt. Louis was proud of his selec- 
 tion by the Democrats in August, 1888, as their 
 
/;/( U.K. u'j//t ■. //. . i/'/'/-:.vf)/.\: 
 
 177 
 
 :aii(liclate for the ])osition as <;'ovenior, it was 
 not without a feeliii<j of regret that a man of 
 juch sterling ability and loyalty was allowed to 
 'esign his oflice on January 1, ISSU, and pro- 
 .•eed to Jefferson Cit>-. 
 
 Missouri has had a long line of excellent go\- 
 M'uors, but Mr. Francis introduced at the Ca])itol 
 I policy of activity- and energy which was a 
 listinct advance on anything seen there before. 
 tlis messages to the Legislature were invariably 
 o the point and of the greatest possible value 
 the State. In other ways he showed his 
 ibility , both as an administrator and peace-maker, 
 md he has always been prepared to sink his 
 personal aims for the benefit of his vState. ( )n 
 ■very occasion he was prepared to "stand up 
 or Missouri," and his words in season were 
 lumerous in the extreme. 
 
 When the Legislature appropriated $ 1 .")(), (lOO 
 o enable the State to make a fitting representa- 
 ion at the World's Fair, it became the duty of 
 he Ciovernor to ai)point a commission for the 
 state. The task was not an easy one, but as 
 isual Governor Francis performed it well, select- 
 ng able representatives of the State's two great 
 ;ities, as well as of its live stock, agricultural, 
 lorticultural, lumber, mining, and other numer- 
 )us interests. Not content with doing this, he 
 ittended a large number of the board meetings 
 limself, and accompanied several of the special 
 rommittees on their tours through the State in 
 .earch of exhibits and support. 
 
 At the expiration of his term of ofhce, Gov- 
 ernor Francis resumed his permanent abode in 
 ^t. Louis, heartily welcomed by thousands of 
 riends in every walk of life; for, as president 
 )f the Merchants' Exchange, mayor and gov- 
 ernor, he has alwa}-s been a thorough Democrat 
 n habits as well as profession, and it is very 
 ;eldom that a deaf ear has been turned by him 
 
 a tale of w'oe, even when told by a vigorous 
 )olitical opponent. It is a matter of general 
 )olitical belief that ]Mr. Francis could have been 
 
 1 member of the present cabinet, had he so 
 lesired. I)Ut he preferred to remain in St. Lmiis, 
 villi whose ])rosperit\- he is so intinialcK- con- 
 lecled; and the recent death of his brother, .Mr. 
 
 vSidne\- R. F'rancis, has made him devote more 
 time to his actual business interests. It is the 
 desire of an immense majority of the Democrats 
 of the State, and of no inconsiderable number of 
 Republicans, as well, that Governor Francis may 
 at an early date represent the State in the 
 vSenate; I)ut the Cxovernor is non-committal on 
 the subject. 
 
 Governor Francis was married in the year 
 1X7(3 to Miss Jennie Perry, daughter of Mr. 
 John D. Perry, president of the Standard Stamp- 
 ing Company and vice-president of tlie Missis- 
 sippi Valley Trust Company and of Laclede 
 National Bank. He has six children, all bovs. 
 
 Thompson, Wili.i.vm H. — One of the suc- 
 cessful bankers, most progressive and public- 
 spirited citizens of St. Louis, and a man who 
 occupies his present high position solely bv 
 force of his own merits and efforts, is William 
 H. Thompson, president of the Bank of Com- 
 merce, who was born in Httntington, Penn- 
 sylvania, October KJ, ISHO. He received his 
 education in the public school of his native 
 town, and after the completion of his education 
 entered a store, where he clerked for about two 
 years and then left his yard-stick to go to Phila- 
 delphia to .seek his fortune. 
 
 After considerable searching he secured a 
 place as assistant in a plumber's shop, and as he 
 liked the work he set about learning the busi- 
 ness. When this was accomplished he spent 
 several years working at his trade in various 
 cities and towns of Pennsylvania, until l-SfjH, 
 when, having heard of the great opportunities 
 offered by the West to a young man of push, he 
 came to St. Louis, where he soon obtained 
 employment in his line, and as plumbing work 
 at that time was very profitable, in the same 
 year that he came to the city he was enabled 
 to establish himself in business alone. He 
 conducted his business very successfully for 
 eleven years, at the end of which time he had 
 made enough capital to establish a factory for 
 the nianufaclure of lead pi])e and sheet lead, 
 wliieli was also conducted with no less success 
 than his old business. 
 
ITS 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Ill 1.S71 lie organized and established the 
 plant of the ^Missouri Lead & Oil Company, of 
 which he was elected president, holding the 
 office until 1.S.S4, when the pressure of other 
 duties caused him to resign the place. 
 
 One reason for his withdrawal was his election 
 to the presidency of the Bank of Commerce, a 
 position to which he was chosen in 188;5. lyong 
 before this he had drawn attention to himself 
 for the steady way in which he had spread his 
 business and increased his capital, and the 
 marked ability he had shown, as a financier and 
 man of business, and that the bank directors 
 made no mistake when they made him president 
 is shown in a marked manner by the i:)rosperity 
 of the bank since 1883. It has been brought to 
 a splendid financial condition, which is admit- 
 ted to be due largely to the wise management 
 of President Thompson. 
 
 It is not only in the bank that his fine busi- 
 ness talent has been applied; he is also vice- 
 president of the Laclede Building Association, 
 is treasurer of the Odd Fellows' Hall Company, 
 and was for a number of years president of the 
 St. Louis Ckas Company, and later acted in the 
 same capacity for the St. Louis Gas Trust. 
 The city does not hold within its borders a man 
 of greater public spirit or one more devoted to 
 her welfare. As one of the most active organ- 
 izers of the Commonwealth Realty Company he 
 did and is yet doing a work of great value to 
 St. Louis. It will be remembered that this 
 company was organized for the purpose of 
 building the New Planters, the two million 
 dollar hotel now in course of erection, and it 
 was at first desired that this hotel should be 
 erected by capital outside of St. Louis, a bonus 
 being offered as an encouragement, but it appear- 
 ing difficult to secure prompt action on this 
 plan, Mr. Thompson urged that a company be 
 formed and the scheme pushed through. 
 
 Such action was taken, and the Common- 
 wealth Realty Company, of which ^Ir. Thomp- 
 son was elected president, was the result. He 
 was one of the promoters and organizers of the 
 Fall Festivities Association, and is a valuable 
 member of both the executive and hotel com- 
 
 mittees. To all enterprises having in view the 
 improvement of the city he gives a zealous 
 support, and has always been the first to suIj- 
 scribe liberally to all movements designed to 
 improve the cit>- or increase its commercial im- 
 portance. 
 
 As an employer, he is both loved and respected 
 and is extremely popular with the eniplo\-es of 
 the bank, always being ready to accord credit 
 where it is due and to give promotion when it 
 is earned. As a man, Mr. Thompson is kindly 
 and genial and of striking appearance. He is a 
 gentleman of strong natural mental equipments, 
 is a good speaker, is a close observer and has 
 profited to the utmost by the lessons learned in 
 the school of life and experience. 
 
 Fkkiu'.sox, David K., president of the ;\Ie- 
 chanics" Bank, uf St. Louis, has been a resident 
 of this city about fifty-five years, and has been 
 connected with some of its most important 
 manufacturing interests. He has been exccj)- 
 tionally active in the iron industry, and is one 
 of the men who have helped to make St. Louis 
 one of the most prominent agricultural machin- 
 ery centers of the New World. Always to the 
 front in matters of special importance to the 
 cit>- and the West, he has succeeded in a re- 
 markable manner, and for fully forty years he 
 has been looked upon as one of the leading rep- 
 resentative men of a city which has been 
 uniquely fortunate in her sons and her leaders. 
 
 Mr. PViguson was born in Pittsburgh, Penn- 
 sylvania, in March, 1S:>7. He received a com- 
 mon school education in his native town, and 
 when thirteen years of age he came west and 
 secured employment in the Broadway foundr\ , 
 of which Messrs. Kingsland, Lightner & Com- 
 pany were the proprietors, and which was then 
 not only one of the leading manufacturing 
 establishments of St. Louis, but one of the 
 most important iron foundries in the West. 
 
 He learned very rapidly, and after four or five 
 years he had acquired so thorough an insight 
 into the foundry business that he felt able to 
 commence operations on his own account; and 
 in connection with Messrs. George, Leroy and 
 
i? 
 
 yy^^. 
 
niOGRAPIIICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 Pliilip Kiiiij;slan(l, he established the partner- 
 ship firm of Kiu,t;skind ^: Ferguson. Suital)le 
 premises were secured at the corner of Cherry 
 and Second streets, where an iron foundry busi- 
 ness of large proportions was established. The 
 members of the firm were all enterprising and 
 competent, and it was not long before connec- 
 tions were established in all the leading centers 
 of the West and vSouth. (ireat success followed 
 the enterprise of the firm, of which the elder 
 members withdrew later on, resulting in the 
 incorj^oration of the business under the name of 
 the Kingsland & Ferguson Manufacturing Com- 
 pany. The quarters at Cherry and Second 
 streets were soon outgrown, and an entire block 
 was secured on Eleventh and MuUanphy streets. 
 In l.SST Mr. Ferguson retired and the corporate 
 name was changed to the Kingsland & Douglas 
 Manufacturing Companj-. 
 
 While thus occupied in the manufacture of 
 agricultural machinery, Mr. Ferguson was also 
 an active worker in connection with the Vulcan 
 Steel Works, of which he was president at the 
 time of its absoi'ption by the St. Louis Ore & 
 Steel Company. This brought him into close 
 contact with the Garrison Brothers, and a warm 
 friendship sprang up between them. At that 
 time Mr. 01i\'er Garrison was president of tlie 
 IMechanics' Bank, and Mr. Ferguson invested 
 largely in the stock. On the retirement of Mr. 
 Garrison he was elected to succeed him in the 
 presidential chair. 
 
 Mr. Ferguson became responsible for the gen- 
 eral policy of the bank in IHTSI, and during the 
 last fifteen years he has been faithful to his trust, 
 regarding every detail in the bank's career just 
 as he did every apparently trifling incident 
 which transpired in his large manufacturing 
 business during his thirty-five years of connec- 
 tion with it. 
 
 \\'hen quite young Mr. Ferguson married 
 Miss Carrie Sherer, at Harri.sburg, Pennsylvania. 
 Miss Sherer was a daughter of Mr. Samuel B. 
 Sherer, now of St. Louis, but who at that time 
 resided at Harrisburg. The union has been an 
 exceptional 1\' hap]-)\- one, and has resulted in 
 the birth of three daughters, Miss Carrie, Mamie 
 
 (now Mrs. A. C. Fowl 
 Mrs. Thomas K. Collins 
 Louis. 
 
 "), and vSarah (now 
 all residents of St. 
 
 Mkvkr, C. Frkdkrick C;., is the founder of 
 one of tfie largest drug houses in the United 
 States, now known by the name of Me^er 
 Brothers Drug Company, of which he is the 
 president. Mr. Meyer was born December H, 
 l!S;>(), in the northern part of Germany, some 
 fifty miles south of the city of Bremen, his 
 parents being engaged in agriculture and stock 
 raising. He received a common school educa- 
 tion up to his fourteenth year, when he was 
 confirmed in the Evangelical Lutheran Church. 
 His father died when he was only three years of 
 age, and his mother when he was about sixteen. 
 
 In bS-t7, then a lad in his seventeenth \-ear, 
 he, with his brother William, emigrated to the 
 United States. They took a sailing vessel at 
 Bremerhaven for New Orleans, where, after 
 about seven weeks" voyage, they arrived on the 
 17th of November of said year; at New Orleans 
 the\' took a boat for Cincinnati, and at Cincin- 
 nati the)- took a canal boat for Ft. Wayne, 
 Indiana. 
 
 This being at the commencement of the win- 
 ter season, cold weather set in and the boat had 
 to lay up on account of ice in the canal; this 
 comjDelled them to continue the journey afoot. 
 The roads at that time were very bad; deep 
 nnid and a layer of snow made the jonrne>- a 
 difficult one, but after two days of hard travel 
 they came within about eighteen miles of Ft. 
 Wayne, where they had a sister living, which 
 was the object of their destination. Here they 
 arrived on the -Ith of December, 1x47. 
 
 Mr. Meyer remained on the farm with his 
 sister until the 14th of February, 1.S4.S, when 
 his brother-in-law took him to Ft. Wayne in a 
 wagon. He soon found a place where he could 
 make himself useful in the hou.sehold of a Mr. 
 Hill, he having the privilege of attending 
 school, which he did about ten weeks, when 
 his teacher took sick. 
 
 \'()ung Mever, having no means to fall back 
 on, saw the necessity of earning something; he 
 
ISO 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 was directed to a drug store owned Ijy ]\Ir. H. IS. 
 Reed, and here he found employment. He went 
 back to the house of Mr. Hill and told ?*Irs. Hill 
 that he had found a place to earn a livino;, this 
 privilege having been left to him when he com- 
 menced. At first young Meyer had fo do all 
 kinds of porter work, but expressing a desire to 
 advance, Mr. Reed gave him an opportunity to 
 be apprentice; and when in lS4;i the cholera 
 visited this country, Ft. Wayne was not 
 excepted, when Frederick had to do all the pre- 
 scription business. In ls.'i2, when he had saved 
 about $500, he, in partnership with a Mr. Wall, 
 started a drug store at the same place, the style 
 of the firm being Wall & Meyer. The young 
 men were quite successful in business, and in 
 1S.")7, after having been established five years, 
 ^Ir. ?kleyer bought out his partner, Mr. Wall, 
 paving him some ?li',00(.) for his share of the 
 interest. He then took in partnership his 
 brother William, the same one with whom he 
 came to this country. These two brothers were 
 quite prosperous in their business, and the sub- 
 ject of this sketch being very ambitious, he 
 looked for a larger field to utilize his business 
 cai)acit\-. 
 
 In 1865 Mr. Meyer came on to St. Louis and 
 established the house of Meyer Brothers & Com- 
 pany as a branch of the Indiana establishment. 
 The business grew as if by magic, fresh fields 
 being entered e\-ery month and the business 
 gradually becoming one of the finest wholesale 
 drug establishments in America. In FSlii! a New 
 York ofhce was started, and in bS7!l an impor- 
 tant branch was inaugurated at Kansas City, 
 this being followed by another large branch at 
 Dallas, Texas, in 1887. 
 
 In January, 1889, the Richardson Drug Com- 
 pany was burned out, and Mr. Meyer at once 
 seeing an opportunity to consolidate two of the 
 largest drug businesses inthe world, made an offer 
 to the Richardson Drug Company, purchased 
 its house and interests and proceeded to incor- 
 porate the Meyer Brothers Drug Company, with 
 Mr. C. F. G. Meyer as president, and with a 
 capital stock of -^1,750,000. 
 
 The comnanv at once rebuilt on the site of 
 
 the Richardson drug house the largest and best 
 equipped drug establishment in the world, an 
 institution which w'as regarded as one of the 
 most remarkable evidences in existence of west- 
 ern manufacturing and commercial supremacy. 
 Over three hundred persons are employed in the 
 building, and more than a hundred traveling 
 salesmen are kept constantly at work introduc- 
 ing and .selling the firm's specialties. 
 
 This gigantic institution, whose annual sales 
 exceed fi\-e million dollars, is the result of the 
 energy and integrit\- of its founder. Years ago 
 Mr. ]\Ieyer traveled in the interest of his own 
 house, when the journeys had to be made on 
 horseback, under very exhausting and trying 
 conditions. He persisted in personally conduct- 
 ing the business in spite of the advice of his 
 jdiysician and friends, and at about the time 
 when the compaiu- was incorporated tired nature 
 gave out and he was found one night uncon- 
 scious from o\erwork. His condition was a 
 critical one, but a long trip through Europe 
 with visits to the scenes of his childhood resulted 
 in complete restoration of health, and Mr. ^Ie\er 
 returned to this city. 
 
 His life has been one long examj^le to the 
 young in every respect. His success in business 
 has already been recorded, and it only remains 
 to be added that in private life he has shown the 
 same admirable qualities. A careful reader, Mr. 
 Meyer has studied social problems of e\er\- 
 character and has familiarized himself with the 
 history and present condition of the different 
 European countries. He is also quite literar\' 
 in his tastes, and established a successful German 
 newspaper at Ft. Wayne. There are now 
 several druggists' trade journals, but the first 
 of these was established by the subject of this 
 sketch, who edited the very useful monthly him- 
 self for several years, but owing to pressure of 
 other duties finally relinquished the editorial 
 chair to Dr. Whelpley. 
 
 In politics Mr. Meyer was formerly a Whig, 
 ami he has been connected with the Republican 
 party since its organization. He is, however, 
 too large-hearted a man to be a partisan poli- 
 tician, and he regards impending legislation 
 
/;/( MiRAi'HiCAL APri-ixnix. 
 
 LSI 
 
 from a ]ilatfonn of sound justice aud coniniou 
 sense. 
 
 Mr. Me\er lias raised a lari^je family, seven 
 sons and two daughters, four of his sons being 
 connected with the house, and one at Ft. Wayne. 
 In his domestic relations he is very happy, ha\- 
 ing a most amiable wife and an excellent 
 mother for his children. 
 
 In his religions views he is a Lutheran. His 
 habits aud character without a blemish. 
 
 TuRXER, John W. — An epoch in the prog- 
 ress of modern .St. Louis was marked when 
 General John W. Turner, laying aside the 
 sword and uniform of the soldier, put on civil- 
 ian dress and identified himself with the busi- 
 ness interests of the city. The handiwork of 
 one man seldom appears so plainly in the im- 
 provement of a city as does his in the growth of 
 St. Louis, and no biographer, knowing the part 
 he has taken in the de\-elopuient of the city, 
 could conscientioush- write of it without express- 
 ing at the very outset something of the grati- 
 tude and regard its people feel for him. 
 
 The war character of John Wesley Turner 
 was moulded in the West, although he was 
 born near Saratoga, New York, July 1?^, 1833. 
 His father, John B. Turner, was a contractor 
 engaged in railway aud canal building in the 
 East. His mother was Miss Martha \'oluntine 
 before her marriage. The boy was educated in 
 a i^rivate school until he was ten years old, and 
 the family moved to Chicago in 1X43, where he 
 continued his studies in a private school eight 
 years longer. At eighteen, desiring a military 
 career, he was sent to W^est Point, and four 
 years later, standing eighth in his class, he was 
 graduated and promoted to brevet second lieu- 
 tenant of artillery. This brevet was dated July 
 1, lHo5. From that day until September 1, 
 I'Stiti, eleven years and two months, he lived in 
 the field and the fort, helping to make the his- 
 tory of his country. His brevets during this 
 time show the excellence of his military ser\- 
 ice. He got his bre\et of major September li, 
 18(;;'., for gallautrx' at the siege of Fort Wagner. 
 
 Less than a vear after that, he was brevetted 
 
 lieutenant-colonel, on July 30, 18114, for con- 
 spicuous bravery in the battle that followed the 
 explosion of the mine at Petersburg, Virginia. 
 October 1, 18()4, he was again signaled out for 
 bre\et to the rank of major-general United 
 States \'o]uuteers, "for gallant and meritorious 
 service in the campaign of 1>>()4 on se\-eral 
 occasions before the enemy." March 13, 18()."), 
 he was lionored by three more bre\ets. One 
 was to the rank of colonel, " for gallantry and 
 meritorious service at the capture of Fort Gregg, 
 \'irginia.'" 
 
 Another made him a brigadier-general, " for 
 faithful aud meritorious ser\ices during the 
 rebellion." The third raised him to the 
 rank of a major-general United States arm\-, 
 " for gallant and meiitorious services in the 
 field during the rebellion." These were some 
 of the rewards. Now, see what the deeds were. 
 On leaving West Point, the young lieutenant 
 was sent on frontier duty to Fort Dallas, Oregon, 
 and was ordered from there to fight the Seminole 
 Indians in Florida, receiving his commission 
 about the same time. For three years he was 
 engaged in that warfare, with intervals of garri- 
 son duty at Key West and in Barrancas Bar- 
 rades. The service in Barrades was irksome 
 and unwholesome, the campaigning in the 
 Florida- swamps perilous aud with little chance 
 for distinction, but the discipline was salutary 
 and made of the \-oung officer the soldier he 
 afterwards pro\-ed to be. 
 
 When the Florida hostilities ceased, and 
 Lieutenant Turner was ordered to Fort Adams, 
 Rhode Island, he was ready for any duty that 
 might fall in his way, and equipped with the 
 skill to acquit himself of it with credit. At the 
 beginning of the civil war, when tweut\-eight 
 years old, he was a first lieutenant of the First 
 Artillery, aud was in the artillery school there. 
 He was made chief of commissariat of the army 
 in Western Missouri, then of the Department of 
 Kansas, then of the Department of the South, 
 and of the Dcpartnrent of the Gulf, and till 
 November, l.S(i3, he was ordered about rapidl\' 
 over the vast field of the several ca;npaigns. In 
 that time he was in several important engage- 
 
1S2 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOCIS. 
 
 inents. He was in command of a breachino; 
 battery at the reduction of Fort Pnlaski, and 
 commanded artillery at the siege of Fort Wag- 
 ner, as well as during the operations against 
 F'ort Sumpter. 
 
 In the fall of 18(io he was in command of a 
 division of the Tenth Corps, Army of the James, 
 as brigadier-general, and went through the 
 Richmond campaign of l.S(U, fighting before 
 Bermuda Hundred, at Drury's Bluff and at the 
 siege of Petersburg. During the latter part of 
 18(i4 and the following January he was chief of 
 staff of the Department of North Carolina and 
 Virginia, and subsequently of the Army of the 
 James. Commanding an independent division, 
 Major-General Turner participated in the capt- 
 ure of Petersburg, April 2, 18(55, and the pur- 
 suit of the rel)el army, which ended in the sur- 
 render of L,ee at Appomattox Court House, 
 April 9, 18()5. In 186(5 General Turner was 
 ordered to St. Louis and made purchasing agent 
 and dei:)ot commissary, having been mustered 
 out of the volunteer service September 1st, of 
 that year. He resigned from the army in l'S71. 
 
 The citizens of Richmond, Virginia, of which 
 capital Creneral Turner was in command after 
 its fall, remembered his military rule with the 
 liveliest feelings of respect. He found chaos 
 reigning when he took charge. The city was 
 in ruins. Half of its houses had been burned 
 or demolished by shells. There was no gas, 
 no water, no police, and pillage was unre- 
 strained. The General took matters with a 
 firm hand. He organized a police force from 
 the ranks of his own soldiers, giving these 
 patrolmnn fifty cents a day over their pay; he 
 started tip the gas works again, putting in his 
 own men to manage them, and established a 
 court and a local government. 
 
 Under his administration the city's affairs 
 were managed as they were in no other captive 
 town in the South during that troubled time. 
 Crime was prevented and criminals punished. 
 The sentences were so just that not a single one 
 of the men sent to prison during that time were 
 rescued by a habeas corpus appeal. All of them 
 served their sentences. His control of the citv 
 
 was a military rule, necessarily rigid, but with 
 not a single feature of the despotism which in 
 so many other parts of the South increased the 
 rancor felt by the vanquished people towards 
 their conquerer. Perha^js this is why Richmond 
 before any other southern city first recuperated 
 from the effects of the war. 
 
 General Turner went into active business life 
 as soon as he left the army. He became jn'esi- 
 dent of the Bogy Lead ^Mining Company, and 
 was devoting most of his time to its affairs, 
 when in 1877 Ma^'or Henry Overstolz asked him 
 if he would accept the office of street commis- 
 sioner. At that time the streets of St. Louis 
 were an appalling spectacle, half of them mac- 
 adam and the rest mud. He took the office 
 with the single purpose of gi\-ingthe cit\- a sys- 
 tem of good streets. He held his office for 
 eleven years and carried out his intention. His 
 plan of street construction was fought bitterl\- 
 at first, on account of the cost it entailed on 
 tax-pa3-ers, and during the first year of his ad- 
 ministration the air of the City Hall rang with 
 remonstrances and threats of political \-engeance. 
 A weaker man than General Turner would have 
 abandoned the scheme entire)}-, but he was not 
 made of that stuff. Supported by a board of 
 public improvements whose members had the 
 fullest confidence in his integrity and entire re- 
 liance on his judgment, he marked off street 
 after street for reconstruction and pushed the 
 bills through the Assembly by sheer force of an 
 indomitable will and untiring persistence. 
 
 Street railways -extended their lines as the 
 streets were improved, adopting cable and elec- 
 tricity instead of horses, and helping the city to 
 spread out; great edifices began to go up on the 
 reconstructed streets, and travelers talked of the 
 pavements of St. Louis. In 1<S,S,S, having been 
 kept in office by one ma\or after another, and 
 each succeeding Council, he had not only built 
 the Grand avenue bridge, and changed fift\ 
 miles of streets from dirt to solid granite and 
 smooth asphalt and wood, but had worked a 
 complete revolution in the public opinion of 
 him and its ideas, and had made stout support- 
 ers and the warmest admirers of the \erv men 
 
i 
 
 I 
 
 y/ 
 
BI( H-.RArillCAL APPENDIX. 
 
 183 
 
 will) had at first \-i()leiitl>- aiita.^onized his im- 
 provement phiiis. Then he felt that he conld 
 allow the work to be carried on by other hands; 
 he resigned in the middle of his last term, and 
 :U once actively re-entered business life. 
 
 He is now the president and manager of the 
 St. Joseph Gas Works, a director of the Wig- 
 s^ins Ferry Company, a director of the American 
 Exchange Bank, a director of the Ice and Cold 
 Storage Company, which operates in St. Louis 
 and East St. Louis. He is a director of the 
 St. Louis Mechanical and Agricultural Com- 
 pany, a comrade of Ransom Post, ('.rand 
 Army of the Republic, and a member of the 
 I^o\al Legion, composed of officers of the army. 
 
 General Turner's domestic life has been an 
 Ideal one. He married in September, I'Silli^ 
 Vliss Blanche Soulard, of St. Louis, a represent- 
 itive of one of the oldest French families in the 
 :ity. Her grandfather was General Cerre, who 
 tfvas surveyor-general under the French govern- 
 nent when Missouri was a part of the Territory 
 jf Louisiana. The couple have .seven children, 
 uid li\-e on Garrison avenue. 
 
 CtIb.sox, Sir Chari.k.s, was born in Mont- 
 2;omery count)-, \'irginia, in the year 182.'). His 
 ather, Captain Hugh Gibson, was a member of 
 )ne of the oldest and best famiHes of Southwest 
 ^'irginia. His mother was formerly Miss Eliz- 
 ibeth B. Rutledge, also of distinguished descent, 
 jeing a member of the well-known South Caro- 
 ina Rtitledge family. When the boy, who has 
 since grown into such splendid manhood, was 
 ibout eleven years of age, his father located in 
 iVestern Missouri. At that time there were 
 .•ery poor educational facilities in that portion 
 A the State, but Charles was not of a disposi- 
 :ion to be discouraged by trifles. He studied 
 nost eaniestly and final!}- became a student at 
 Missouri University, supplenrenting his train- 
 ng with prolonged reading in modern languages 
 ind in scientific works, until he became, in spite 
 )f the drawbacks against which he had to con- 
 end, one of the best informed men of the da\-. 
 riiis reputation he has maintained through life, 
 uid now, at the age of sixt\--niue \-ears, he is 
 
 regarded as an authority on national and inter- 
 national law and many other difficult and 
 abstract matters. 
 
 In 1843 young Mr. Gib.son came to St. Louis 
 and for some years studied law under the Honor- 
 able Edward Bates and also with Mr. Josiah 
 Spaulding. A year later he made his political 
 debut, and it is interesting to record that it is 
 ju.st half a century ago that he made those able 
 speeches in behalf of Henr\- Clay which won so 
 many votes for that gentleman. Four years 
 later he took the field on behalf of General 
 Taylor, and in 1852 he was an elector-at-large 
 for the State of Missouri on the Whig ticket. 
 
 In llS5(i Mr. Gibson became known as "an 
 old line Whig," on account of his adherence to 
 the principles for which he had fought. It was 
 mainly at his suggestion and through his efforts 
 that the name of his friend and preceptor, 
 Honorable Edward Bates, was brought forward 
 in 18(50 as a candidate for the Presidency. 
 When the war broke out Mr. Gibson, without 
 hesitation, ad\-ocated the cause of the Union, 
 coalescing with such men as Hamilton R. Gam- 
 ble, Frank P. Blair and B. Gratz Brown. 
 
 When the Legislature of Missouri in January, 
 18(il, called the State convention in the interest 
 of secession, Mr. Gibson issued a call to the 
 Union men of St. Louis, writing a most able 
 address, which was converted into a call for a 
 mass-meeting. 
 
 At the meeting, a committee of twenty-five 
 well-known citizens, with Mr. Gibson as chair- 
 man, was appointed to select a Union ticket, 
 and it is a matter of history that the vigorous 
 action of the St. Louis delegates resulted in 
 saving the State from the disastrous effects of 
 secession. As a leader of the Union party in St. 
 Louis, Mr. Gibson made a series of most powerful 
 speeches, and it is admitted that no man in the 
 State did more to save Missouri to the Ihiion 
 than he. Although averse to accepting public 
 ofiice at the time, Mr. Gibson was called upon 
 as a matter of patriotic duty to accept the office 
 of solicitor of the Cou;t of Claims, and became 
 agent for the State go\ernment of ^Missouri at 
 Washington during the war. Greatlv to his 
 
1S4 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOCIS. 
 
 credit he established a precedent which, unfort- 
 unately, has not been freely followed, for he 
 declined accepting a single dollar for his four 
 years' arduous work at the national capital. 
 
 In the spring of 18(3l a grave emergency 
 arose. There were 23,000 rifles in the St. Louis 
 Arsenal, and there was great danger of those 
 weapons being secured by the Confederate 
 troops. Such men as Gibson, L\-on and Blair 
 were mainly instrumental in preserving these 
 engines of death for the Union forces, and 
 General Sherman and others have spoken 
 repeatedly of the service thus rendered, not only 
 to the State, but also the Union. Mr. Gibson's 
 letter of April 22, 18(il, addressed to the Honor- 
 able Edward Bates, is preserved as a national 
 document, and will keep Mr. Gibson's name 
 before the people of the countr\- for generations 
 to come. vSo important was the action taken 
 l)y Mr. Ciibson that on one occasion, in regard 
 to these rifles, he found it necessary to oppose 
 the wishes of Secretary Cameron, and President 
 Lincoln on inquiry supported the .St. Louis 
 representative and thus prevented the loss which 
 appeared imminent. 
 
 At the convention of ISlU, at Baltimore, Mr. 
 Gibson resigned his office and supported ( icneral 
 McClellan for the Presidency. In 18(i8 he sup- 
 ported President Johnson in his contest in Con- 
 gress, and in 1870 he joined forces with the 
 movement in Missouri which resulted in the 
 election of Governor Brown and prepared the 
 way for the repeal of the Drake Constitution. 
 In 1872 he supported Horace CTreelc}-, and four 
 years later took the field on behalf of Gov- 
 ernor Tilden. During the lengthy contest 
 which followed the election, he represented the 
 Democratic National Committee in Louisiana 
 and Florida, in the interest of a fair count. His 
 course of action in Florida was highly com- 
 mended by members of all parties, and the 
 speech delivered by him at Hillsboro, Indiana, 
 on October 7, 18S(), may be regarded as one of 
 the most eloquent addresses on the celebrated 
 election difficulties ever delivered. In the course 
 of this speech he said: 
 
 "In this way the canvass was delayed until the 
 
 night of December .')th. By act of Congress the 
 \(.)te had to be given next day. .\t dusk a large 
 force of United States regulars were marched up 
 and surrounded the State House, built their 
 camp-fires and bivouacked for the night. I have 
 seen many gteat and gloomy sights, but nothing 
 I ever saw made so profound an impression on 
 me as the glare of those camp-fires around the 
 Capitol. I knew that citizens had ridden through 
 swamps and rain, in some instances forty-five 
 miles, to deposit their ballots in those boxes. 
 I knew those boxes contained treasures more 
 valuable to the people of the United States than 
 all the gold of California, more precious than all 
 the crowned jewels of Europe, and I knew that 
 those two canvassers — worse than burglars, and 
 safe in the midst of the troops — would 
 rob the people of Florida of their liberties and 
 all the people of the United .States of their 
 rights. The dark deed, the darkest and foulest 
 in the annals of .\merican history, was done at 
 nridnight. McLin and Cowgill, in their answer 
 to the subsequent case in the Supreme Court, 
 confessed that the canvass was completed and 
 ended in the early morning. At the hour of 
 l:;)<lof December!), l<S7(i, the certificates were 
 made out and given to the electors — who cast 
 and sealed up their vote and delivered them 
 before breakfast-time to one of their number, a 
 colored felon, named Pierce, whom Stearns him- 
 self had pardoned out of penitentiary, and they 
 were carried by this fit representative of the 
 carpet-bag government of Florida to Washing- 
 ton. McLin afterwards became dissatisfied with 
 his part of the stolen offices, confessed the 
 fraud in writing, and died." 
 
 In 1880 Mr. Gibson worked for General Han- 
 cock, an old personal friend, and in 1884 he did 
 \eoman service for Grover Cle\'eland in the 
 vState of Indiana. 
 
 vSo much for the political career of a man who 
 has been identified with almost all the impor- 
 tant national elections of the last half century. 
 As a lawyer, his history has been equally eventful. 
 In 1849 he was junior counsel for the defense in 
 the celebrated Cit}- Hotel murder case, and in 
 I'S.') 1 he was sole counsel in a most important case 
 
■n-i^ 
 
BIOl.R. IPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 irouoht b}- the Kino; of Prussia, from whom he 
 ■eceived two magnificeiit vases of exceptional 
 leight and vahie. On December Iti, 1.SH2, Mr. 
 riibson was made Commander of Knights in 
 \nstria, by the Emperor, who decorated him 
 A'ith his own Order of Francis Joseph, and, 
 rontrary to precedent, issued an edict that the 
 iecoration should descend as an heirloom. In 
 1882, Emperor William decorated Mr. (libson 
 ,vith the Commander's Cross of the Royal Prus- 
 sian Crown Order, and in 1890 he was deco- 
 rated with the Orand Cross. 
 
 In the last named year Sir Charles Gibson, as 
 lis title then was and now is, visited Europe 
 vhere he and Lady Gibson were feted by Count 
 /on Munster, Prince Bismarck and other diplo- 
 natic and royal personages. Notwithstanding 
 lis foreign decoration and international reputa- 
 ion, Sir Charles Gibson may be spoken of as 
 )ne of the best reformers in St. Louis. P'or 
 wenty-five years he was commissioner of 
 l,afayette Park, and he is the author of the acts 
 )f the Legislature which resulted in the estab- 
 ishment of Forest Park. He also drafted the 
 ict establishing the Land Court in St. Louis, 
 ind among his other prominent services for the 
 :ity may be mentioned the prominent part he 
 ook in the arrangements for the rebuilding of 
 he Southern Hotel. 
 
 Mr. Gibson married in bS.")! Miss Virginia 
 kimbk", daughter of Archibald Gamble, one of 
 he best-known old St. Louisans. He has had 
 Mght children, of whom the oldest died after 
 graduating at West Point and entering the 
 United States army. The other children are 
 ill living. Sir Charles Gibson is strictly a man 
 )f the ]:ieoplc, and is often spoken of as a typical 
 lid X'irgiuian. He has amassed a considerable 
 orlune in the course of his career, but has main- 
 ained a reputation for honesty and uprightness 
 second to that of no man in the country. 
 
 G.-\r.s.s, Ch.\ki,i-:.s F., son of Charles W. and 
 Louisa ( Fallenstein ) Gauss, was born in St. 
 Charles county, Missouri, May ;^0, 18;5,S. Mr. 
 L^harles W. Gauss was a native of German\-, and 
 liad emigrated to America in 18;}7. Charles 
 
 received a district school education, and at the 
 age of seventeen came to St. Louis and, having 
 taken a course of instruction at Jones' Com- 
 mercial College, secured a position as errand- 
 boy with the old firm of Crow, McCreery & 
 Company, dry goods merchants. After fifteen 
 months he was appointed shipping clerk in his 
 father's shoe house, and subsequenth- went on 
 the road as traveling salesman, a position he 
 filled in a highly satisfactory manner. 
 
 Four years later, in 18(>0, Mr. Gauss associ- 
 ated himself with Messrs. Krause and Huuicke, 
 and established the firm of which he is still the 
 head. In l.S(j;! Mr. Krause retired from the 
 firm, and the name was changed to (rauss, 
 Hunicke & Company. For twenty-three years 
 this name was on the lips of every hat dealer in 
 the West, and in 188(i Mr. Hunicke retired and, 
 Mr. Shelton having been previously admitted 
 to the firm, the company was incorporated 
 under the name of the Gauss-Shelton Hat Com- 
 pany; I\Ir. Gauss was made president, a posi- 
 tion he continues to fill with marked abilit\-. 
 
 ;\Ir. Gauss is a member of the Church of the 
 Messiah, and is prominent in much of the work 
 carried on under its auspices. He is also on the 
 board of directors of the National Bank of the 
 Republic and the American Central Insurance 
 Company. He stands very high in commercial 
 circles, and no list of the solid men of St. Louis 
 would be complete without his name. 
 
 He married in 18(i() Miss Lammaneux, and 
 has five daughters, all of whom are living, and 
 four of whom are married. His wife died in 
 l.S7.">, and in I.S8!» Mr. (xauss married a second 
 time, his bride being Miss Ida Suiitli, of St. 
 Louis county. 
 
 It is interesting to record that .Mr. Gauss is 
 named after his grandfather, Mr. Charles V. 
 (jauss, who was the first to apply the principles 
 of telegraphy. This gentleman was a mem1)er 
 of the (loettingen University of Germany, and a 
 highly talented scientist, mathematician and 
 astrologer. 
 
 There stands in a public ])ark in the city of 
 Brunswick, (Germany, a monument to the mem- 
 ur\- and good works of Carl !•'. Gauss. Mr. 
 
186 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Gauss is a wentleiiiaii of lenient but conservative 
 dealings, and he practices that true philan- 
 thropy which is felt but seldom heard of or 
 heralded to the world. Many institutions in 
 our midst are in a position to re-echo this state- 
 ment from substantial surprises received at 
 Christmastide. 
 
 Richardson, J. Clifford, son of James and 
 Laura (Clifford) Richardson, was born in Pitts- 
 burgh, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1«49. Both his 
 father and mother came of old Puritan families 
 of New England, and Mr. Richardson inherits 
 all those qualities of industry and straightfor- 
 wardness which were conspicuous in the lives 
 of the original settlers of this country. He is a 
 direct descendant, in the ninth generation, of 
 Ezekiel Richardson, who was a member of the 
 celebrated Winthrop Colony which left the 
 .south of England in ll)3() and landed in Boston 
 the same year. Ezekiel Richardson was one of 
 the founders and incorporators of the town of 
 Woburn, Massachusetts. 
 
 Young Mr. Richardson attended school in 
 Pittsburgh for two or three years, but when he 
 was only eight years old his parents came out west 
 and located in St. Louis, sending their son first 
 to the public schools, and then to Washington 
 University, from which institution he grad- 
 uated. He then obtained a position as a clerk 
 in the wholesale drug house of Richardson & 
 Company, of this city. His business habits and 
 promptness soon brought him to the front, and 
 he became manager of the concern. Shortly 
 afterwards he organized the Richardson Drug 
 Company, of which he was from the first the 
 guiding spirit. Largely owing to his personal 
 efforts the new company increased the scope of 
 its operations so rapidly that it soon took front 
 rank, and eventually became the largest whole- 
 sale drug hou.se in the world. 
 
 New Year's day, 1889, was made menioral)le 
 in the annals of St. Louis by the destruction of 
 the Richardson drug house by fire, .\fter the 
 work of adjusting the insurance and paying the 
 losses was completed, Mr. Richardson found his 
 health so impaired that he took a long \acatit>n, 
 
 during which he visited several points of inter- 
 est in Ivurope. After his return he resumed at- 
 tending to his numerous business interests, and 
 then organized a national bank, which, for rea- 
 sons the reader will readily understand, he 
 christened the Chemical National Bank. This 
 institution promptly elected Mr. Richardson as 
 president, and his high .standing in the commu- 
 nity attracted so much attention that from the 
 very first it did a profitable business. The l)ank 
 opened its first account in June, 1H91, in its 
 handsome offices in the Oriel Building, and 
 within six months its depositors numbered o\er 
 a thousand. It made a specialty of ladies' ac- 
 counts, and has probably a larger clientage 
 among the fair sex than any two of the old 
 established banks in the city. 
 
 Mr. Richardson's associates among the direct- 
 ors and stockholders include such prominent 
 business men as Dr. J. J. Lawrence, editor of 
 Medical Briefs and one of the largest real estate 
 owners in the city; Edward Mallinckrodt, of the 
 Mallinckrodt Chemical Works; J. J. Broderick, 
 of the Broderick & Bascom Rope Company; 
 Francis Kuhn, of the late Anthony & Kuhn 
 Brewery Company; Estill McHenry, executor 
 of the James B. Eads estate; John B. Case, of 
 the N. O. Nelson Manufacturing Company; V . 
 .\. Bensberg, of F. A. Bensberg & Company; 
 A. O. Rule, of McCormick-Kilgen-Rule Com- 
 panv; Claude Kilpatrick, of Rutledge & Kil- 
 patrick, real estate agents; Oscar L. Whitelaw, 
 of Whitelaw Brothers; James A. Daughaday, of 
 the late Brown, Daughaday & Compaiu-; and 
 John I). Winn, president Lambert Pharmacal 
 Coni]xiny. 
 
 Although Mr. Richardson devotes a great deal 
 of time to the business of the Chemical Bank, 
 he has other interests of great importance. 
 .Vlthough the Richardson Drug Company has 
 not been in business in St. Louis since the great 
 fire, it carries on operations at Omaha, Ne- 
 braska, and its incorporator is still its president 
 and the owner of the controlling interest. He 
 is also president of the Rio Chemical Company 
 and the Richardson-Taylor Medicine Coinpan>-, 
 a director in the Missouri Electric Light and 
 
^ 9^ 
 
/.'/( H'.RAPHICAI. APPENDIX. 
 
 187 
 
 wer Company, the Ceulral Trust Company, 
 :1 other important corporations, as well as a 
 ge stockholder in the Trommer Extract and 
 dt Company, of Freemont, Ohio, 
 rhus it will l)e seen that althongh Mr. 
 chard.son is but forty-five years of age he 
 s achieved more than most men are able to 
 ;omplish in a life-time, and as he is in enjoy- 
 ;nt of vigorous health and remarkable energy, 
 ;re would appear to be no limit to the possibil- 
 js of his future. He is of a very genial dis- 
 sition, kind and courteous to all, and one of 
 ; most popular men in the cil\-, although 
 never puts himself forward in any way and 
 s never been known to seek office or prefer- 
 ?nt of any kind. Success has come to him 
 t by chance, but in consequence of persistent 
 ort, and every one agrees that he is thoroughly 
 titled to all he has obtained. He resides in a 
 ndsome residence on the corner of Morgan 
 •eet and Ciarrison a\-enue, and is the father of 
 o children, both of whom are dead. 
 
 HrMi'HRKv, Fra.xk \Vatkrm.\x, although 
 t connected with the earlier history of St. 
 )nis, is as a founder of a business which is the 
 uling enterprise of its kind in the city, and an 
 tive promoter of the city's welfare, is well 
 titled to have his name prominently inscribed 
 long the many other enterprising citizens 
 lio, by their induslr}-, wealth and sagacity, 
 Lve contributed to build up the commercial 
 osperity of the metroiDolis. Any one who, like 
 r. Humphrey, has raised himself to a proud 
 mmercial position as the head of an impor- 
 nt line of trade in a great city, and has attained 
 ch an eminent commercial success, has a l)i- 
 ;raph\- both worth writing and reading, and is 
 mself an example worthy of emulation by the 
 )ung man who desires to succeed to business. 
 It is claimed that St. Louis is a southern city, 
 il it is a fact that a great many of the men 
 ho, by their strength of character and ability, 
 i\e been accorded to j^laccs of leaders and have 
 ^nircd as such in the history of the city are of 
 ew Kngland origin. In fact, a great many 
 ich men, in proportion to their numbers, lia\'e 
 
 reached high positions in the cit>-'s professional 
 and commercial life, and among those who have 
 attained such success, the subject of our sketch 
 must be rated. 
 
 Mr. Humphrey bears a name that has been 
 ])njminent in the history of Massachusetts since 
 lii.'5.">, at about which time Jonas Humphrey left 
 his nati\e town of Wendover, England, to seek 
 fortune and liberty in a land that had been 
 known to the civilized world scarcely a century 
 and a half. From a book written by Fred. K. 
 Humphrey, ]\I.D., called "the Humphre}- Fam- 
 ily in America," the names and history of the 
 family can be brought down to the present day. 
 In it there are found Mr. F. \V. Hum])hrey\s 
 male ancestors, with the date and place of their 
 birth, were. Jonas was born in Wendover, 
 Bucks, England, l()2(t; Jonas, born in Wey- 
 mouth, Massachusetts, 10;")"); Jonas, born in 
 Weymouth, l()8-4; Samuel, born in Weymouth, 
 1 'rl'^\ James, born in Weymouth, 17.")4; Ivbenezer, 
 born in \\'e\inuuth, 17.S1; Albert, born in Wey- 
 mouth, 1.S10; Frank Waterman, the subject of 
 this sketch, born in Weymouth, June, 18.'')2. 
 It will thus be seen that the Humphrey family 
 has been identified with the history of the above 
 named IMassachusetts town for over a hundred 
 vears. His mother's name before her marriage 
 was Elizabeth, and on this side of the house Mr. 
 Humphrey is connected with a very old Massa- 
 chusetts family. 
 
 Young Frank received his education in Boston, 
 a citv long-celebrated for her schools and col- 
 leges and the learning of her people. Most of 
 his education was acquired at Channing Hall 
 vSchool. Completing his school-life and leaving 
 his books when he was sixteen years of age, he 
 then Ijegan to look about for employment, and 
 succeeded in obtaining a position as clerk in the 
 wool commission house of J. C. Howe S: Com- 
 pany, a place obtained only after considerable 
 effort, as this house was the oldest and richest 
 and mo,st responsible in its line in Boston. After 
 a period of a year and a half s]>ent in this situ- 
 ation he accepted a])lacein the wholesale clothing 
 house of Beard, ^loullon X: Comi)aii\-, and in that 
 lineof trade he has continually been engaged e\er 
 
OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 since. He entered the honse as a stock-boy and 
 was gradually promoted through every stage of 
 the business, until when he resigned his place 
 early in l.S7;i; he was a salesman, and consid- 
 ered the most valuable and proficient one con- 
 nected with the house. 
 
 Although he held an excellent position, his 
 ambition would not allow him to rest contented, 
 and actuated by that desire to better his condi- 
 tion without which no man succeeds, he con- 
 vinced himself that the new and growing West 
 was the section for the young man who was 
 energetic and ambitious, and this was his rea- 
 son for giving up his place with the Boston 
 house. He reached St. Louis in the above 
 named year, and, being favorably impressed 
 with the city, soon opened the retail clothing 
 store at site now occupied by the business. The 
 trade of the house has increased from the day it 
 opened, and the expansion of the business has 
 been steady. Mr. Humphrey conducted the 
 business alone, until 1884, when William M. 
 Tamblyn was made a partner, and the style of 
 the firm changed to F. W. Humphrey & Com- 
 pany. The house to-day stands at the head of 
 the retail clothing houses of St. Ivouis, occupies 
 two floors, 100x110 feet in area, and employs 
 about 100 assistants. 
 
 On August 20, 187o, about one month before 
 Mr. Humphrey inaugurated the business at 
 present presided over by him, he was married 
 to Miss Emma Henrietta, daughter of John 
 M. and Catherine Walsh. She was born at 
 vSouth P>ritain, Massachusetts, July 1, 1 •"<•") 1. 
 Their married life has been blessed with four 
 children, one of whom, Albert, born in St. 
 Louis, February 25, 187(), is dead. The others 
 are Frank Hackett, who was born in St. Louis, 
 ]\\\\ 27, 1S77; Brighton Walsh, born at Coney 
 Island, New York, July ;?0, l.S7;i; and Adele, 
 who was born in St. Louis, October 14, l.S,S:>. 
 
 Mr. Humphrey is a man of a quick and recep- 
 tive mind, and has therefore profited to the 
 fullest by his long experience in the clothing 
 trade, and is regarded by men engaged in that 
 business as an expert whose judgment in mat- 
 ters pertaining to clothing is second to that of 
 
 no one. He is a man of great activity and 
 earnestness, and every scheme he undertakes he 
 pushes to some conclusion, thus showing also 
 that great determination is one of his active 
 principles. He is a citizen of marked public 
 spirit, and in every enterprise concerning the 
 promotion of the city's welfare he is always 
 ready to assist in a manner so material as to 
 make his influence felt. In the private walks 
 of life he is genial and sociable, possessing quali- 
 ties that have endeared him to a wide circle of 
 friends and acquaintances. He is now in the 
 strength of manhood and the full tide of busi- 
 ness success, while before him lies a future both 
 bright and promising. 
 
 Ykat.max, J.\mes E. — Among the men who 
 ha\e on ever\- possible occasion identified them- 
 selves with charitable and philanthropic work 
 in vSt. Louis, no one is more deserving of credit 
 than Mr. James E. Yeatman. For more than 
 half a century he has been a resident of St. Louis, 
 and during that period he has never allowed hi.s 
 own personal interests to interfere with the 
 noble work of relie\ing the suffering and aiding 
 the deserving poor. He has had countless op- 
 portunities of accumulating wealth, but has 
 never taken advantage of them, deriving more 
 pleasure from doing good to others more in need 
 than himself. 
 
 He was born in Bedford count\', Tennessee, 
 August 27, 1818, of well-to-do parents, who gave 
 him an excellent education. His earliest work 
 was in an iron foundry at Cumberland, Tennes- 
 see, and in 1.S42 he came to St. Louis and opened 
 a branch for a Nashville iron house. In 1850 Ik 
 entered the commission business, and in the same 
 year he assisted in establishing the Merchants' 
 Bank, whose name was subsequently changed 
 to the Merchants' National Bank. Ten years 
 later he retired from the commission business 
 and became president of the bank he had helped 
 to form. He also acted as the first president ol 
 the Mercantile Library Institution, helped estab- 
 lish Bellefontaine cemetery, and was first presi- 
 dent of the Blind Asylum. His work in con- 
 nection with Washington University in its earli- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 189 
 
 t days was iiualuahle, and so was liis service 
 securing the construction of the Oiiio lS: Mis- 
 ;sippi railway. 
 
 A well-known local writer, speaking of Mr. 
 ?atnian's works of charit\- and labors of love, 
 ys: 
 
 " Throughout the trying period preceding and 
 iriug the ci\il war, Mr. Yeatman was a strenu- 
 is supporter of the Union, but labored earnestly 
 r peace and reconciliation. His mother's sec- 
 id husband was John Bell, of Tennessee, the 
 ndidate for President of the United vStates on 
 e Union ticket in IStiO, and Mr. ^'eatnian 
 ■longed to the Union school in jjolitics. 
 'hen war could no longer be a\oided lie 
 rove to avert its horrors from Missouri, and 
 as deputed by some of the most lo)al and hon- 
 ed citizens of St. Louis to accompany Hon. 
 . R. Gamble to Washington, to lay the situa- 
 ion in Missouri before President Lincoln, 
 eneral Harney was then in command of the 
 apartment of the West, and his policy was the 
 ibject of nuich contention before the President, 
 essrs. Yeatman and Gamble were firmly per- 
 laded that it was the only one that would lead 
 a peaceful solution of the problem, but they 
 iled to impress Mr. Lincoln with this view, 
 id General Harney was soon removed, and the 
 gorous counsels of P'rank P. Blair's party 
 lopted by the Government. Mr. Gamble, sub- 
 quently as provisional go\ernor, served the 
 tate and the country through a period of un- 
 campled difficulties with great ability, while 
 :r. Yeatman performed the most arduous and 
 •If-sacrificing labor in connection with the 
 'estern Sanitary Commission, which was called 
 ito existence by General Uremont in .Septem- 
 :r, 18til, in order to mitigate the horrors of 
 le war then actually in progress in Missouri, 
 » well as in the more Southern States. As 
 reviously stated, Mr. Yeatman was president 
 f the commission, and is universally conceded 
 ) have been its guiding spirit throughout the 
 ar. 
 
 " Indeed, from the very moment of his acce])t- 
 uce of this delicate and sacred trust lie put l)usi- 
 e.ss and home and friends behind him and con- 
 
 secrated himself, in the true sacrificial spirit, 
 entirely Vo the noble work of relieving distress 
 and misery. His task was dual in its character, 
 for he was called upon to systematize the im- 
 pulsive, disorderly and uninformed sympathies 
 and efforts of the loyal people of the West, and 
 then to make effective, with the least waste of 
 time, labor and money, the agencies employed 
 for the relief and care of sick and wounded 
 soldiers. In this great emergency Mr. Yeatman 
 exhibited a capacity and aptitude for organiza- 
 tion on a large scale scarcely equaled, and cer- 
 tainly never exceled, in the history of the coun- 
 try. His duties led him all over the war-stricken 
 regions of the Southwest, wherever men were 
 suffering or likely to suffer and to need relief. 
 I^ike Howard, he must look with his own eyes 
 on the misery he was charged to relieve; and it 
 has been well said that 'the hostile armies were 
 filled with a new feeling — that of tenderness — 
 as they beheld his unselfish efforts.' " 
 
 The commission established hospital steam- 
 ers, founded soldiers' homes and homes for their 
 children, and took the earliest steps to relieve 
 the freedmen, whom they promptly recognized 
 as the " wards of the nation." They sent them 
 teachers, nur.ses, and physicians, and the labors 
 of the commission in connection with the freed- 
 men during 18(U-6r) were quite as arduous to Mr. 
 Yeatman and his as.sociates as were those during 
 some of the periods in which the great battles 
 of the war had been fought. The Freedmen's 
 Bureau was organized on the plan devised by 
 ]\Ir. Yeatman, who, once a holder of slaves, now 
 became a benefactor of the negro race. His 
 report to the Western Sanitary Commission 
 favoring the leasing of abandoned jilantations to 
 freedmen was declared b)- the Xorth American 
 Rez'icw (April, 1S(U) to contain in a single 
 page "the final and absolute solution of the 
 cotton and negro questions." Mr. Yeatnian's 
 report was so favorable that he was sent to 
 Washington to lay his views before the Govern- 
 ment. The President was greatly impressed, 
 and urged him to accompany a (Government 
 officer to \'icksbnrg to ]iut them into effect. 
 This .Mr. Yeatman did, althou"h he declined an 
 
OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 official appointment in that connection. When 
 the Freedinen's Burean was instituted, President 
 Lincohi offered him the commissionership, but 
 he declined, disliking, possibly, the semi-mili- 
 tary features of the establishment. Its main 
 features, however, he heartily approved. 
 
 The Sanitary Commission disbursed seven 
 hundred and sevent\'-one thousand dollars, and 
 distributed over three and a half million dollars' 
 worth of goods. It was brought into very close 
 relations with the military authorities, yet its 
 affairs were managed so discreetly that all the gen- 
 erals in the field — Grant, Sherman, Fremont, 
 Halleck, Curtis, Schofield and Rosecrans — were 
 on the most friendly and confidential terms with 
 its agents, and did their utmost, by means of 
 military orders and the exercise of their personal 
 influence, to advance the humane work. When 
 it is considered that the history of war afforded 
 no precedent for sanitary work among the 
 soldiers on .so large a .scale, the magnitude of 
 the labor of the commission and the splendor 
 of its success are the more conspicuous. 
 
 Tanskv, Robert P. , is a native of that bright 
 little island where everything flourishes save 
 "the sons of the soil." The story of their suc- 
 cesses in life is generally to be read in other 
 lands where men have room to grow. Mr. Tan- 
 sey was born in 1833, in (jlenarm, in the county 
 of Antrim, Ireland, a lovely and picturesque 
 little spot on the sea-coast, only distant a few 
 hours' drive from the Giant's Causeway, where 
 " mist-covered hills " and " surges grand " com- 
 bine to wake the spirit of poetry in the people. 
 
 In 1.S47, when fourteen years of age, he left 
 school in Belfast and emigrated alone to the 
 United States, arriving at New Orleans in the 
 good ship Independence.^ after a stormy pas- 
 sage of sixty-three days. Soon after arriving 
 at New Orleans the young emigiant was em- 
 ployed at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, as student, 
 operator and repairer of lines on the Louisville 
 and New Orleans telegraph lines. 
 
 When Baton Rouge became the capital of the 
 State, a new hotel, called the "Harney House," 
 was opened by Col. L. A. Pratt, and young 
 
 Tansey was chosen its book-keeper and clerk. 
 After a year spent in this service the ambitious 
 youth decided to try his fortune in the West, and 
 came to vSt. Louis, finally landing in Alton, Illi- 
 nois, where he studied law for two years with 
 Edward Keating, then one of the ablest lawyer.* 
 in Southern Illinois. 
 
 Mr. Keating, becoming connected with the 
 Alton & Sangamon Railroad (now the Chicago 
 & Alton line) as financial agent, and subse- 
 quently general manager, appointed Mr. Tansey 
 pay-master of the company before he was twenty 
 years of age. He held this office for several 
 years and was afterward general agent of the 
 line at Springfield, Illinois, and at Alton. 
 
 In 18()0 he took a year off from railroad em- 
 ployment to re-establish the Allan Natio)ia. 
 Democrat, a daily and weekh- newspaper, th( 
 office of which, with all its equipment of presses 
 and type, had been totall\- destroyed a shorl 
 time previously by a cyclone. During th< 
 heated presidential campaign of that year the 
 Democrat, of which Mr. Tansey was sole owne; 
 and editor, gave Judge Douglas and the Demo 
 cratic ticket a warm and earnest support. 
 
 Resuming his railroad employment in 1.sC>l' 
 Mr. Tansey was appointed general freight agen' 
 of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, with head 
 quarters in Chicago, before he had attained th< 
 age of thirty years. From this position he re 
 tired in the fall of l.S(i;-l, and came to St. Loui; 
 as a member of the firm of Mitchell, Milteu 
 berger &: Tansey, which afterward was incor 
 porated as the P^ast St. Louis Transfer Company 
 and became, by purchase, the owners of tli( 
 Madison County Ferr\- Compan\- and its proj) 
 erties, operating the ferry Ijetween \'enice anc 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Here the first transfer of car load freights wa: 
 made at St. Louis by the Madison County Ferr} 
 Company, of which John J. Mitchell was pres 
 ident and R. P. Tansey, manager. Alessrs 
 Mitchell &; Tansey built the Venice grain ele- 
 vator, and this, with the facilities afforded b; 
 their car transfer boats, aided largely in the im 
 petus given the bulk grain business of St. Loui 
 in the early seventies. 
 
il /^ 
 
niOGRAPHICAL APPF.KDIX. 
 
 ini 
 
 Tlie social side of Mr. Tanse>'s nature is il- 
 istrated In- his connection with nearly all the 
 lubs in this cit\-. He is also a member and 
 x-president of the Knij^hts of St. Patrick. 
 \'hile never aspiring; to political position, he 
 onsented, reluctantly, to an election to the Cit\- 
 Council of St. Louis, after the adoption of the 
 ichenie and Charter, an ofifice which he held 
 3r four \ears. He has been for thirty >-ears a 
 
 member of the Merchants' Exchan.s;e of this 
 ity, and has served that body on all its coni- 
 littees, and as di- 
 ector, vice-presi- 
 eut and president 
 f the Exchange, to 
 ,-hich last office he 
 ,-as unanimously 
 lected in ISTl. 
 
 Coming to his do- 
 lestic life, we find 
 I r. T a n s e }• w a s 
 larried in 18.i4 to 
 liss Maria Man- 
 uni, in Alton, Illi- 
 lois, where his good 
 iiother and one sis- 
 er still reside — the 
 ormer, at the age of 
 our-score \ears, is 
 till in excellent 
 lealth. liis father 
 ied in 1NJ4. I)ur- 
 ng the forty )ears of 
 heir life, Mr. and 
 .Irs. Tansey were 
 
 ilessed with five children, two of whom, Robert 
 nd Douglas, are dead. One daughter, Mary, 
 11(1 two .sons, George Judd and Bernard ]\Ior- 
 ison, still survive, the two latter in this cit\-. 
 
 Elevator C( 
 Comiiaiu'. 
 
 )f the Wiggins Ferrv 
 
 
 .^B^'' m 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 \liik- Mr. Tansey 
 n\ a farm near Spr 
 .f Illinois. 
 
 He has not, h< 
 •onnection with v'- 
 dentified with se^ 
 )eing president a; 
 
 ;it jiresent makes his home 
 igfield, the charming capital 
 
 ie\er, se\-ered his business 
 . Louis. He is at present 
 ■ral business interests here, 
 I director of the St. Louis 
 
 Pransfer Comixuu- and 
 
 irector of the United 
 
 B.\XNKRM.\N, Ja.mks, of whom an excellent 
 picture appears on this page, is a Canadian by 
 birth, but is a thorough St. Lotiis man, having 
 lived here the greater part of his life. He is 
 not only a very successful business man, l)iit 
 has also identified himself with so many enter- 
 prises of a public character that his life seems 
 almost to belong to his fellow-citizens, and he 
 is one of those men 
 concerning whom it 
 is impossible to 
 avoid the expression 
 of surprise as to how 
 he can find any spare 
 time at all to devote 
 to his imi^ortant bus- 
 iness interests. Mr. 
 Hannerman is known 
 as an earnest Demo- 
 crat, and his influ- 
 ence in his part\' is 
 very great. His 
 service to the city 
 as speaker of the 
 House of Delegates 
 ])roved his sterling 
 worth, and the stern 
 manner in which he 
 rebuked anything 
 that he regarded in 
 the nature of an ir- 
 regularity or a 
 breach of trust made him regarded as excep- 
 tionally eligible for the office of mayor. 
 
 Early in 18it3 he was nominated by the Demo- 
 cratic party for this office, and recei\-ed the sup- 
 jiort of the independent, or purity iii politics, 
 part\-. That he was not elected was simply due 
 to the fact that the city went Republican from top 
 to bottom of the ticket, and although defeated, 
 Mr. Bannerman was by no means disgraced. 
 
 Mr. Bannerman is a member of the firm of 
 Me\er-Bannerman .!s: Compaiu', one of the larg- 
 est .saddlerv houses in the world, its career dat- 
 
 iMi;S liANNKRMAN. 
 
192 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ing from the close of the war. The firm occu- 
 pies the entire structure UKi-ill.s Xorth vSixtli 
 street, seven stories in height, with a floor area 
 of more than seven thousand square feet on each 
 story. Three hundred men are employed in 
 the factory, and the trade extends throughout 
 the entire West, Southwest and South. The 
 house has done a great deal to make and main- 
 tain the reputation of St. Louis as the best sad- 
 dlery and harness market in the world. 
 
 Nicholson, Peter, one of the leading high- 
 class and fancy grocers in the country, is about 
 sixty years of age, having been born in the vil- 
 lage of Fowlis Wester, Perth county, Scotland, 
 March 24, 1834. He was well educated in the 
 excellent schools near his home, and came to 
 America in 1S')2, having first served a full 
 apprenticeship to the grocery business in the 
 second largest city of the liritish P^mpire, and 
 being thoroughly competent to persevere in the 
 calling of his choice. 
 
 His uncle, Mr. David Nicholson, had already 
 established his reputation as a dealer in fine 
 groceries, wines and cigars in St. Louis, and the 
 young man immediately became connected with 
 this house. His first position was that of clerk, 
 but he gave to the details of the work the atten- 
 tion wdiich his family interest naturally de- 
 manded, and as he grew- in years the business 
 also increased until it assumed the gigantic pro- 
 portions which it now holds. 
 
 In 18o(i Mr. Peter Nicholson's valuable work 
 was recognized and he was taken into the firm. 
 Since that time he has been active in its man- 
 agement and is now its head. For forty years 
 he has given his undivided attention to the busi- 
 ness of his choice and has acquired a reputation 
 in it which extends into every State and Terri- 
 torv in the Union. Por many years the estab- 
 lishment had its home on Sixth street, just south 
 of Chestnut street, and was one of the local land- 
 marks. It was burned out in the year IHt'l, 
 but convenient premises were secured on the 
 same street a little further north, and there was 
 but a slight interference with business. 
 
 Mr. Nicholson has since erected a most suit- 
 
 able building for his business on Broadway 
 between Pine and Olive, known as Xos. 2(l'S, 21(1 
 212 North Broadway. As Peter Nicholson i^ 
 Sons, the house is transacting a high-clas 
 wholesale and retail grocery business second t 
 none in the West, and second to few, if any, ii 
 the United States. The name of Nicholson i 
 known in nearly every State of the L'nion, an( 
 there are many high grades of groceries whicl 
 are handled exclusively by the firm, which doe 
 not transact any business at all in low-priced o 
 inferior goods. 
 
 It can easily be understood that it is not only as 
 grocer that Mr. Nicholson is known to the peopl 
 of St. Louis and of the State of Missouri. Th 
 remarkable business qualifications which hav 
 enabled him to achieve such unique success ha 
 attracted the attention of the stockholders ii 
 numerous corporations, and it has been wit] 
 difficulty that Mr. Nicholson has resisted .som 
 of the countless offers which have been mad 
 him. In 187.') he became a director in th 
 American Exchange Bank, one of the most sub 
 stantial financial institutions in the West. Re 
 garding the directorship in the light of ai 
 important trust, he was not satisfied with tli^ 
 perfunctory performance of routine duties, bu 
 made it his business to watch its interests ii 
 every manner possible. In 1878 his sterlinj 
 worth was recompensed by his election ti 
 the presidency of the bank, whose name wa 
 changed from its old title named in its charte 
 of 18(i4 "Union Savings Association" to tin 
 one by which it is now known. Under IMr 
 Nicholson's presidency its business increasec 
 with great rapidity and its capital is now hal 
 a million dollars. He resigned the presidency 
 in ^lay, 1894, owing to pressure of business. 
 
 About ten years ago Mr. Nicholson was pre 
 vailed upon to accept a seat on the board of th( 
 American Central Insurance Company, of whicl 
 he is still a director. He was one of the activ( 
 incorporators of the St. Louis Associated Whole 
 sale Grocers, one of the most valuable trad( 
 organizations in the city. Of this he was pres 
 ideut for the first and second years, and he i; 
 now one of its most prominent directors. 
 
VW M/p 
 
niOCRAPHICAL APP/-:xn/x. 
 
 193 
 
 During a visit to Scotland in the year I'SAT 
 married, in Glasgow, Miss Mary Roberts, 
 ughter of Mr. James Roberts of that city, 
 ne children of this estimable conple survive, 
 eir names being David K., James Peter, 
 :len, Alexander, Mary Elizabeth, Jean, Fier- 
 ce, (xertrude and Alice. 
 
 Sci'DDKR, Ellsha CiAGK, is one of the .suc- 
 ssful wholesale grocers of St. Louis, and the 
 Drough knowledge of the business, which has 
 en one of the main 
 :tors by which he 
 s attained this 
 jcess, has been 
 ined by a life-time 
 experience in 
 ery department of 
 t business. He 
 ts born May 17, 
 39, in the little 
 i-coast town of 
 yannis, on the 
 stern coast of 
 issachusetts. His 
 ther, Frederick, 
 d his mother, 
 irdelia ( fr a ge ) 
 udder, were both 
 Puritan stock. 
 1 i s h a attended 
 liool in his native 
 ivn until he was 
 teen years old, and ^, ^^ . 
 
 en entered Tripp's 
 
 :ademy, where he attended the terms for two 
 ars, and then took the finishing courses at 
 erce Academy, at Middleboro, Massachusetts. 
 Leaving the academy he liegan his commer- 
 \\ career by the acceptance in IX;')? of a situa- 
 )u in the wholesale grocery house of E^mmons, 
 inforth &; Scudder, of Boston. He was 
 iployed as a clerk, and the first vear receised 
 li(t tor his services. He was still al work f<ir 
 is house when the civil war l)roke ciul, but 
 \X^\-1 resigned lo enlist in the Fnrly-lourth 
 assachusetts \'olunleers. He was sent to the 
 
 front with the regiment, but only saw nine 
 months' service. 
 
 At the end of his term he returned to his 
 home in Massacliusetts, l)ut stayed there onh- a 
 short time, and then went south again to assume 
 charge of a position which had been offered 
 him at Yorktown, Virginia. At Yorktown he 
 was still stationed in the fall of ISIU, when 
 he decided to take a western trip, partly for 
 pleasure and partly for the purpose of seeking a 
 location in a newer country. He was very 
 much impressed 
 with St. L o u i s , 
 which he rightly 
 concluded w as a 
 city with the most 
 brilliant future 
 prospects. ( )u this 
 visit he became 
 acquainted with Mr. 
 Brookmire, a mem- 
 ber of the wholesale 
 grocer}- firm of 
 Joseph Hammill &: 
 C om p any, who 
 finally offered him a 
 p o s i t i o n, and he 
 went to work Janu- 
 ary 1, bsi;.-). 
 
 Two years was 
 the term of his serv- 
 ice as salesman 
 with this house, 
 w h i c h was suc- 
 ceeded by the firm 
 He was at once put 
 
 of Brookmire iS: Rankin, 
 on the road as a salesman by the new firm, and 
 for six years was industriously engaged in 
 extending the firm's business connections. So 
 valuable did he become to the hcmse that he 
 was made one of the partners, and in 1.S.S2 the 
 firm name was clianged to Brookmire, Rankin ,S; 
 Scudder. This arrangement continued up to 
 January, INS."), njion which date Mr. Scudder 
 withdraw and witli \V. A. Scudder established 
 the wholesale grocerv firm of E. O. Scudder S: 
 Brother. This firm was verv successful, but 
 
104 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 enlarged business facilities were acquired by 
 another change, by which the firm of E. Ci. 
 Scndder & Brother and the Greeley-Bnrnhani 
 Grocer Company were merged into a corpora- 
 tion known as the Scndder-Gale Grocer Com- 
 pany, May l-T, l^Oo, of which E. G. Scndder is 
 president; A. H. (iale, vice-president; W. A. 
 Scndder, treasurer, and G. G. Whitelaw, 
 secretary. 
 
 The firm occnpies connnodions qnarters in the 
 Cupples block, and in size of stock and volnme 
 of bnsiness is perhaps the leading grocery firm 
 of the Mississippi Valley. 
 
 On Jnly 18, 1871, Mr. Scndder was married 
 to Miss Mary Gale, niece of D. B. Gale, a 
 prominent grocer of St. Lonis. They have 
 fonr children — Prentiss Gale, Alice Cordelia, 
 Lncy and E. Ct., Jr. 
 
 Scruggs, Rich.\rd M., has place in the front 
 rank of the mercantile commnnity, and is nni- 
 versally recognized as one of the most eminent 
 in the roll of chief citizens of St. Lonis. He is 
 a native of Virginia, born February 10, 1X22, 
 in Bedford county, near a town, the connt\- seat, 
 then called Liberty, now Bedford City. His 
 father. Reaves S. Scruggs, was a planter and 
 prominent in public and political life, being a 
 leader of his party in the count\- and represent- 
 ing it in the Virginia Legislature. His mother 
 was Mildred L. Otey, and the family, on both 
 sides of his parentage, held high and influential 
 social position. 
 
 Mr. Scruggs came to St. Louis in the month 
 of March, 1850, and opened the dry goods house 
 which has recently celebrated its forty-fourth 
 anniversary. He was then only in his twenty- 
 seventh year, but he had received thorough 
 business training. It was begun at the age of 
 fifteen, at Lynchburg, as clerk, and there and 
 at Richmond it was continued during ten years. 
 He had rapid promotion and, notwithstanding 
 his youth, he soon became in both establish- 
 ments confidential clerk and cashier. He left 
 his native State in 1847 to seek his fortune in a 
 new country and in a wider commercial field. 
 His intended destination was New Orleans; but 
 
 on his way, during a sojourn at Huntsville, 
 .\labama, visiting a brother and other relatives 
 who were in business there, he was offered and 
 accepted an advantageous position in a branch 
 office of a large New Orleans cotton firm, which 
 he held for two years, when a proposal was 
 made to him by a leading merchant of that city 
 of a partnership in a dry goods business to be 
 established either at ilontgomery in that State, 
 Memphis, or St. Louis. Mr. Scruggs visited 
 vSt. Louis and at once decided in its favor, and 
 commenced his St. Louis bnsiness career. It 
 has continued without interruption and with 
 unbroken success, culminating in the founding 
 and headship of the Scruggs, Vandervoort & 
 Barney Dry Goods Company, one of the largest 
 and most reputable dr}- goods houses in the 
 United States. 
 
 Notwithstanding the engro.ssments of his 
 private business, it is a special distinction oi 
 Mr. Scruggs' career that it embraces manifold 
 forms of good citizenship, and he has become 
 known and honored as a public-spirited citizen, 
 broad-minded philanthropist and zealous church- 
 man, as well as successful merchant. 
 
 When he came to St. Louis the city had just 
 entered upon its modern history of growth. 
 During his residence the corporate limits have 
 been extended westward from Eighteenth tc 
 Eightieth street, and the population has nuilti- 
 plied ten-fold — from fifty to five hundred thou- 
 sand. Concurrently with this wonderful progress 
 there has been demand for the establishment of the 
 various civic and benevolent institutions of a 
 great city. In that history Mr. Scruggs has 
 been largely identified, and not only in the pat- 
 ronage of his name, but in personal leadership, 
 which is sought and given with unstinted devo- 
 tion of time and money. There is hardly any 
 such an institution in the city that has not 
 received his benefactions, nor measure for the 
 advancement of the commercial standing of the 
 city, and the promotion of the public welfare, 
 with which his name is not connected. This 
 reputation brings to him more, perhaps, than to 
 au)- other in the commnnity, a multiplicity and 
 a variety of calls for gratuitous public service 
 
BR X'.RAPinCAI. APPENnrX. 
 
 1(1 applications for charitable aid and friendly 
 fices. It is surjirisins;' that he can find time 
 r such attention and kindly interest as he 
 ves them; and it is common remark that the 
 ty is highly favored in having a man of such 
 iwearied public spirit and such inexhaustible 
 mpathy with the poor and friendless. This 
 akes his leadership irresistible; and it is said 
 ; can raise more money for any cause he 
 pouses than any man in vSt. Louis. 
 One of the earliest public institutions of the 
 ty, and now one of the most notaVile, is the 
 ercantile Library Association, of which Mr. 
 :ruggs was a director for many years, its presi- 
 :nt in 1870 and 1871, and is still a member of 
 5 board of trustees, which has the manage- 
 ent of its property, valued at half a million 
 dollars. A like sum is the estimated value of 
 e Mullanphy Emigrant Fund, which is con- 
 alled by a board of commissioners appointed 
 ■ the City Council, and of which he was a 
 ember and president of the board continuously 
 r five years, from 1877 to 1882. During 
 ven years, from 1883 to 1890, by appointment 
 governors of the State, he was president of 
 e Board of Tru.stees of the Missouri School for 
 e Education of the Blind. His administra- 
 )n marked an era in the history or that insti- 
 tion — its transition from a mere asylum, 
 cupied with the care in food and shelter for 
 at unfortunate class, to a school proper for the 
 ind, with several departments of instruction in 
 tters, music and industrial arts, in which they 
 e trained for self-support and to take positions 
 intelligent and useful citizens. 
 He was one of the original promoters of the 
 :. Louis E.xposition A.s.sociation, which has 
 (utinental fame; and more recently in connec- 
 ;in with it, the autumnal festivities, lasting 
 iree years and coxering the jjeriod of the 
 alumbian Exposition, and intended to give the 
 ty world-wide repute. From the first, Mr. 
 :ruggs has been the treasurer of the Exposi- 
 on Association. Its financial success has been 
 lienomenal, the original capital stock being 
 )00,000 and now free from debt, and having 
 loperty in various forms aggregating a million 
 
 dollars. He was a liberal subscriber to the 
 stock, and his firm headed the subscription to 
 the special fund for the autumnal festivities 
 with the princely sum of $1 (),()()(). 
 
 The institution in which Mr. Scruggs is most 
 heartily interested is the vSt. Louis Provident 
 Association, having for its object the relief of 
 the poor of the city, without distinction of creed, 
 color or nationality. He has been a director for 
 nearly twenty years, and during the past ten 
 years its president. He gives to it large per- 
 .sonal supervision, and is an active solicitor of 
 its revenue. Its beneficiaries have numbered 
 fifty thousand families, consisting of one hun- 
 dred and eighty thousand persons. Of these, 
 during Mr. Scruggs' administration, relief has 
 been given to seventy thousand persons. A more 
 important result of his administration has been 
 the enlargement of its operations, especially in 
 the introduction of industrial methods of relief 
 in various forms, thus a\'oiding the demoraliza- 
 tion of mere alms-giving and helping the poor 
 to help themselves, b\- which self-respect is 
 preserved. 
 
 A most notable institution in contemplation 
 and founded upon the bequest of the late Robert 
 A. Barnes, is a hospital which will bear his 
 name. He was a retired merchant and a mill- 
 ionaire, and his entire estate is devoted to that 
 purpose. The custody of the fund and the man- 
 agement of the hospital are committed to three 
 trustees, of whom Mr. Scruggs is one, and the 
 first named in the will. The hospital is to be 
 under the auspices of the Southern Methodist 
 Church, and his appointment was a recognition 
 of his standing in that church, as well as sug- 
 gested by personal esteem and confidence. 
 
 In no jjart of his career has Mr. Scruggs been 
 more thoroughly enlisted than as a churchman, 
 having been connected with the Methodist- 
 Episcopal Church, South, for more than twenty 
 years. He has filled, by election, all the lay 
 offices in its organization, and is invariably 
 chosen as a delegate to the Annual Conference, 
 and a lay representative in the General Confer- 
 ence, which is the highest legislative and 
 judicial bod\- in that church, meeting quad- 
 
I'.lfi 
 
 Of.P AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 reunially. He is actively connected with the 
 missionary operations and educational interests 
 of the Conference, and in city e\-angelization 
 and church extension he is a chief counselor 
 and leader. His zeal is aggressive and untiring, 
 and abounding in labors and liberality. A 
 notable instance and fruit of his zeal is the 
 Cook Avenue Church, where he has his member- 
 ship. It is largely his creation, raised from a 
 small mission to a large and self-supporting 
 congregation, and the splendid edifice erected 
 at a cost of over $7;"), 000, more than one-half of 
 which was his personal contribution, and the 
 larger part of the remainder raised by his 
 personal effort and from among personal friends 
 and acquaintances. He is especially devoted to 
 vSunday-school work, in which he has been 
 engaged as superintendent nearly twenty years 
 and conducting both a morning and an afternoon 
 school. He is interested and active in inter- 
 denominational Sunday-school organizations and 
 enterprises, and for several years past has been 
 chairman of the Executive Comtnittee of the 
 State Association, which has advanced Missouri 
 to the front rank in the Sunday-school census of 
 the United States. 
 
 Though Mr. Scruggs is now in his sevent\- 
 second year, with advancing years and the in- 
 crease of his private business, grown to im- 
 mense proportions, nevertheless the calls and 
 claims of public service do not decrease, but 
 nuiltiply. He is still responsive to all, and equal 
 to all. His physical vigor is remarkably pre- 
 served and his energy is unabated and seems in- 
 exhaustible. Verbal characterization is largely 
 unmeaning. His history is the index of the 
 man. The value of Mr. Scruggs to the genera- 
 tion in which he lives, and his place in public 
 esteem, are indicated and assured in the above 
 record, at the bottom of it a sterling manhood 
 and a lofty Christian character. 
 
 Walkkr, David Davis, one of the men of 
 St. Louis whose history is a story of the reward 
 of indu.stry, and whose success is the result of 
 sagacity and abilit\-. 
 
 He was born July U', iJSiO, on a farm about 
 
 four and one-half miles from Bloomington, Illi- 
 nois. His father was born in England and died 
 on the farm four and one-half miles from Bloom- 
 ington. Illinois, in 1X7.'), at the age of sixt}-- 
 seven years. His mother, whose maiden name 
 was Mercer, was a native of ^Maryland, and 
 died three years after the decease of her hus- 
 band. 
 
 Young David received the regular course of 
 the common schools, and continued his study at 
 Beloit College, at Beloit, Wisconsin. In 1855 
 he left the college and returned home. Two 
 years after his return home, or in 1857, on 
 March 4th, he came to St. Louis, with the in- 
 tention of making it his home and of starting 
 the building of his own fortune. 
 
 Soon after his arrival in the city he entered 
 the business in which he was destined to make 
 his fortune, by sectiring a position with Crow, 
 McCreery & Company, then the leading whole- 
 sale dry goods house of the city. It may be said 
 of Mr. Walker that he has made every rung of 
 the dry goods ladder in going from the bottom 
 to the top, for his first employment with Crow, 
 McCreery & Company was as office-boy. By 
 the closest attention and constant consideration 
 of the interests of his employers he soon won 
 the reward of promotion, being advanced from 
 one position to another, until finalh- in 1X1)5, 
 eight years after he had entered their employ, 
 he was admitted to a partnership. 
 
 ^Ir. Walker's ambition to succeed had im- 
 pelled him to try his powers beyond their limits, 
 and because of this he was compelled, in 1878, 
 to withdraw from the partnership. Then, for 
 the next two years, he gave himself up to rest 
 and the recovery of his health, returning to St. 
 Louis in 1880. 
 
 His health restored he formed a partnership 
 with Frank Ely and others, the newly-organized 
 house making a bid for popular favor under the 
 firm title Ely, Walker & Company. Under this 
 arrangement the house did business for three 
 years, at the end of which time the trade had so 
 grown that it became necessary to give the busi- 
 ness the better opportunities offered by the or- 
 ganization of a stock company and incorporation. 
 
II h ^CR.iPiiK A I. . u>/>/-:xn/.\: 
 
 he. style of tlie fiiiii was likewise cliaii.y;e(l to 
 [le Ely &; Walker Dry Goods Company. 
 
 With such a man as Mr. Walker the direct- 
 ig head of the house, who was recognized as 
 u authority on all matters pertaining to dry 
 oods, and who possessed a talent for managing 
 
 great business, seconded by energy and good 
 idgment, the success of the house was assured 
 om the beginning. Its growth has been steady 
 nd certain, and year by year it has added to its 
 restige and influence until it is now recognized 
 5 one of the most prosperous and substantial 
 'holesale dry goods houses of the country. 
 
 In 1X62 Mr. Walker was married to Miss 
 lartha A. Beakey, daughter of Joseph Beakey, 
 If well-known stove man. They have a large 
 luiily of interesting children, all of whom ai"e 
 oys but one. Rose Marion, now Mrs. Asa Pitt- 
 lau. The boys are Joseph Sidney, William H., 
 I. D., Jr., George Herbert and James Theodore, 
 'he four elder boys are associated with their 
 ither in the business, W. H. being vice-presi- 
 ent, and Jo.seph Sidney assi.sting him in the 
 redit department; D. D., Jr. , and George Her- 
 ert filling minor positions. 
 
 Mr. Walker attributes his success in business 
 irgely to the early training he received from 
 is first employer, Mr. Wayman Crow. 
 
 WoERNER, John G.\briel, was born at Moehr- 
 igen, Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Wurtem- 
 erg, Germany, April 28, 1<S2(). His parents 
 ime to the United States in June, 1.S38, and 
 Jttled in Philadelphia, where they remained 
 ntil lx;^7, and then came to St. Louis. He 
 as educated in the public schools of Philadel- 
 liia and St. Louis, having attended school in 
 le former cit\' for three years before coming 
 est with his parents. He then attended 
 :hool in this city for one year. During that 
 me he applied himself so assiduously to his 
 ;udies tiuit he acquired an excellent knowledge 
 f the Knglisli and German languages, and of 
 ich branches of education as were then taught 
 1 the public .schools of this city, and laid the 
 mndation for the higher and better education 
 'hich he has since acquired by a life-time of 
 
 reading, stuil\- and literary work, ttj which he 
 has found time to devote himself in spite of his 
 official and professional duties. 
 
 In 1841 young Woerner went to Springfield, 
 ^Missouri, where he remained for a year and then 
 went to Waynesville, Pulaski county, this State. 
 He was employed as a clerk in a country store 
 at both places. After renuuning at the latter 
 place two years he returned to St. Louis and 
 entered the office of the German Tribune^ and 
 served as "devil," pressman, compositor and 
 foreman, until the breaking out of the revo- 
 lution of 1848 in Germany, when he returned to 
 his native country as the correspondent for the 
 German Tribune and the Nczv York Herald. 
 He remained abroad two years and then returned 
 to St. Louis and took editorial charge of the 
 German Tribune. In a short time he bought 
 the pa2:)er and converted it from a Whig to an 
 Independent, and then to a Benton Democratic 
 paper. He sold it to a syndicate in 1852. He 
 then ran a job printing office for a time; then 
 sold out and read law in the office of C. C. Sim- 
 mons, and was admitted to the bar in 185;"), by 
 Alexander Hamilton. 
 
 While reading law he was appointed clerk of 
 the Police Court, then called Recorders' Court, 
 for two \ears; was elected clerk of the Board of 
 Aldermen. In 1857 he was elected city attor- 
 nev, and re-elected in LS.VS. In 18(>() he was 
 elected a member of the City Council for the 
 term of two years, and re-elected in 18()2 for 
 the same term. He was elected to the State 
 Senate in the fall of 18(!2, and in 18()(> was re- 
 elected to the State Senate. In 1<S7() he was 
 elected judge of the Probate Court, and has 
 been re-elected at the expiration of each term of 
 office ever since, and is now holding the office 
 for the sixth term. 
 
 Judge Woerner is l)y all odds the most pojju- 
 lar and most efficient probate judge this city 
 has ever had. He was splendidly equipped for 
 the discharge of the duties of that office when 
 first elected, and he has since given that im- 
 portant branch of the law careful and ex- 
 haustive study. He has prepared and published 
 a treatise on the law of estates and administra- 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOC/S. 
 
 tion, called " The American Law of Administra- 
 tion,"' which is regarded by the courts and 
 legal profession throughout the countr>- as a 
 standard and a most \aluable anthorit\- upon 
 the subject. 
 
 For a number of years Judge Woerner has 
 been a contributor to leading law journals, be- 
 sides writing extensively for the general press. 
 After his return from Europe he wrote a serial, 
 entitled " Die Sklavin," which ran through the 
 German Tribune in 1850-51, and which was 
 afterwards published in book form and had a 
 large sale. In 1870 he wrote a German play 
 bearing the same title as his book, but different 
 in plot and action, which had quite a run in the 
 theaters of this and other western cities. 
 
 Although he has held public office for many 
 years and enjoys, to a marked degree, the esteem 
 and confidence of the people. Judge Woerner 
 has never mingled extensively with the masses. 
 When not occupied in the discharge of his official 
 duties, he has given his time to stud\- and liter- 
 ary work. By this, it must not be understood 
 that he is exclusive and out of touch or sym- 
 pathy with the masses of the people, for he is 
 not. He is one of the most genial and compan- 
 ionable of men, kind-hearted and generous; but 
 his life has been too busy a one, and his official 
 and literary labors too exacting, to permit him 
 to give a large sliare of his time to outside 
 matters. 
 
 Possessing a metaphysical and philosophical 
 tiirn of mind, it was only natural that he should 
 be one of the founders and promoters of the 
 Philosophical Society of St. Louis, and foremost 
 in ad\-ancing all movements tending to a higher 
 education of the people. 
 
 Judge Woerner's wife, to whom he was mar- 
 ried in this cit\-, November Ki, 1852, was Miss 
 Knielie Plass. She was the daughter of P'red- 
 erick W. and Henrietta (Teyssen) Plass, and, 
 like her husband, was a native of Germany. 
 They have four children living — Rose (wife of 
 Benjamin W. Mcllvaine); Ella (wife of Chas. 
 Gildehaus ) ; Alice ( wife of Sylvester C. Judge ) , 
 and William P., who is practicing law in this 
 citv. 
 
 HOSPES, RiCH.\RD, one of the leading men in 
 banking circles of St. Louis, is the son of Con- 
 rad and Lydia (Schrader) Hospes. He is a na- 
 tive Missourian, having been born in St. Charles 
 county on Christmas day, 1838. His parents 
 brought him to St. Louis when he was quite 
 young, and he attended the public schools of 
 this cit}- until he was sixteen years of age, when 
 it became necessary for him to obtain his own 
 li\elihood. He obtained a position in the Ger- 
 man Savings Institution as messenger, and at 
 once attracted the attention of his employers by 
 his industr\- and general good sense. At the 
 first opportunity he was promoted to a more 
 suitable position, and as a clerk proved himself 
 an excellent mathematician and a thoroughly 
 reliable man. Step by step he gradually 
 mounted the ladder until he became cashier of 
 the institution, a position he now occupies. 
 
 Mr. Hospes is regarded by the banking frater- 
 nity of St. Louis as an exceptionalh' safe man. 
 He is the personal friend of every customer at 
 the bank, and conducts business between them 
 and his employers so conrteoush' and well that 
 the relations between the bank and those keep- 
 ing accounts there are uniformly agreeable. He 
 devotes his energies with unremitting care to 
 the interest of the bank, where he is to be found 
 whenever needed. 
 
 For thirty-nine years Mr. Hospes has been 
 connected with the German Savings Institution, 
 which may now be looked upon as one of the 
 most solid banks in the city. Too much credit 
 can scarcely be given to him for his work in the 
 building up of the bank, which work is thor- 
 oughly appreciated by the directors and stock- 
 holders. Since he commenced work in it in a 
 humble capacity he has seen it grow from a 
 comparatively small bank to a financial institu- 
 tion of its present magnitude; and no small part 
 of the .success which this institution has 
 achieved is due to the prudence, business tact 
 and strong good sense of the man who has been 
 identified with it for a life-time, and occupies in 
 it the responsible position of cashier. Mr. 
 Hospes is a man of family, lia\ing six able and 
 intelligent children. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 \m 
 
 Maxon, John H., one of the men to whom 
 t. Louis is indebted for its magnificent street 
 ir equipment and rapid transit superiority, is 
 3out sixty years of age, having been born in 
 ensselaer county, New York, in 183-±. He is 
 le son of Joseph Stillman and Elizabeth ( Vars ) 
 [axon, and through his father he traces his 
 icestry back to the first white boy born on the 
 ;le of Newport, Rhode Island. This was John 
 [axon, who was born in KIHS, and to whom 
 as born a son of similar name in 1701. John 
 [axon, Jr., was the father of David Maxon, 
 hose son Asa, born in 1748, was the grand- 
 ther of the subject of this sketch. 
 
 Young Mr. IVIaxon was educated in the district 
 :hools of New York, and then electing to become 
 civil engineer he took a course of instruction 
 I the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, of New 
 ork. After leaving college he located at 
 leveland, Ohio, working in the office of the 
 ty engineer and taking an active part in the 
 )nstruction of the railroads centering in that 
 ty. A few years before the war he was 
 ^pointed surveyor-general under General Cal- 
 oun, and was employed .surveying government 
 .nds in Kansas and Nebraska soon after their 
 rst organization. 
 
 The outbreak of the war terminating this 
 ■ork, he secured a position as an engineer in 
 le gold fields of Colorado, and in 18(31 he com- 
 lenced the transportation of merchandise into 
 olorado and Utah, especially to western niili- 
 iry posts. It was uecessar\- at that time to 
 ross the Rockies with o.xen and mule trains, 
 nd it was quite common for Mr. Maxon to 
 ccompany them himself. Finding there was 
 n immense demand for bacon on the west- 
 ni frontier, he formed a partnership, in 18t5;'), 
 ■ith Mr. Robert Hawke, of Nebraska City, Ne- 
 raska, and established a packing hou.se. This 
 ,'as located at East Nebraska, Iowa, and was 
 lie first packing house of its kind west of the 
 lissouri river. 
 
 In l'S()(i he represented Nebra.ska State in the 
 legislature, and he helped to frame the first 
 onstitution. In the meantime his business 
 entures were verv successful and he continued 
 
 in the packing business until the firm was dis- 
 solved in 1X77. Eleven )ears prior to this he 
 had mo\ed his residence to St. Louis, in which 
 city he has since been looked upon as one of its 
 most valued and respected citizens. In 1870 
 he became president of the Lindell Railway 
 Company, and for seventeen years was the active 
 manager of this important railway system, his 
 associates including such men as Judge Light- 
 ner and William A. Hargadine. 
 
 When he took hold of the business the stock 
 was practically worthless, but in 1888 he dis- 
 posed of the line at about two hundred cents on 
 the dollar of the nominal value of that stock. 
 Mr. Maxon was the first man to introduce into 
 St. Louis electricity as a motive power for street 
 railroads. Bringing from Europe a storage bat- 
 tery, he ran it for some months on the Lindell 
 road, long before the trolley system was adopted. 
 .\ careful trial convinced him that the storage 
 battery, as then developed, was not suitable for 
 the traffic of this city, with its great variation 
 and heavy grades. He accordingly determined 
 to try the trolley, and secured the first franchise 
 in this city for an over-head wire electric road; 
 and he is thus fairly entitled to be described as 
 the father of the magnificent system of trans- 
 portation which makes St. Louis a source of 
 congratulation from citizens of so many other 
 points. 
 
 Mr. ]Maxon has also been connected with sev- 
 eral other local institutions. He has been a 
 director of the Commercial Bank for twenty 
 years and its vice-president for ten years. He 
 is president of the Robert B. Brown Oil Com- 
 pany, and vice-president of N. K. Fairbank 
 Company, whose factories are situated in St. 
 Louis, Chicago, Montreal and New York. .\s 
 police commissioner he made an excellent rec- 
 ord, but resigned his office before his term ex- 
 l)ired. In politics he is a Democrat, and his 
 chief ability is his ability to nranage men and 
 mold public opinion. In private life he is kind, 
 courteous, and has a whole host of personal 
 friends. 
 
 He married on January 1, 18.')W, Miss Mattie 
 Anderson, of Virginia, and has had five cliil- 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 dren, three of whom — Nella, Lucia and Reta — 
 are living. 
 
 Turner, Thomas Theodore, son of Henry 
 S. and Julia M. ( Hunt) Turner, was born in a 
 house that stood on the corner of Seventh and 
 Olive streets, St. Louis, on October 23, 1842. 
 He was educated in the primary schools of this 
 city, afterward taking several courses at the St. 
 Louis L^ni versify, and leaving there to travel 
 in Europe. Shortly after reaching the conti- 
 nent he entered the Jesuit college at Namur, 
 Belgium, where he took the full three years' 
 course, coming out of it with a finished educa- 
 tion, and fully prepared to make his own way 
 in the world. He returned to his native land 
 after graduating from the Namur college, but 
 still considered his education incomplete with- 
 out a technical or professional training, and act- 
 ing on that conviction he entered the Virginia 
 Military Institute, intending to enter the army. 
 
 He continued his attendance at the institute 
 until about the time of John Brown's raid, when 
 he was transferred to the L^nited States Naval 
 Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. He kept up 
 his studies until 1861, when, the war of the 
 rebellion breaking out, he gave his allegiance 
 to the cause of the South, and quickly changed 
 the comparatively easy life of the training-school 
 for the privations of the march and the rough 
 usage of active service. He was attached as an 
 aid-de-camp to the staff of General R. S. Evvell, 
 with whom he served until captured by Phil 
 Sheridan, with Ewell's entire command, at Sail- 
 or's Creek, Virginia. 
 
 Mr. Turner, with a number of his comrades 
 in arms, was first confined in the old Capitol 
 prison at Washington, and then transferred to 
 Johnson's Island. In this prison he remained 
 until the surrender of Lee, when he with other 
 prisioners was released on parole and returned 
 to St. Louis. 
 
 His first venture was at farming, for having 
 purchased a farm near St. Louis, he removed 
 thereto and applied himself to the science of 
 agriculture until 1883, in which year he returned 
 to St. Louis and entered the real estate business. 
 
 being convinced that that line was a quicker 
 and easier road to success than was agriculture. 
 He opened an office with his brother, C. H. 
 Turner, and the firm as thus constituted is in 
 existence to-day as one of the leading real estate 
 companies of the city. ^Ir. Turner has nevei 
 forgotten his farming experience and is a pro- 
 moter of racing and a lover of fine horses, and 
 is therefore one of the most acti\-e members o1 
 the Jockey Club. 
 
 ^Ir. Turner was married October 10, 18(>-4, tc 
 Miss Harriet vS. Brown, daughter of a promineni 
 citizen of Nashville, Tennessee, with wiiom h« 
 became acquainted while wearing the uniform o 
 gray and fighting for the lost cause. The unioi 
 has been a happy one and has been blessed b\ 
 a large family of bright and promising children 
 their names being Lizinka C, Julia M., Am 
 Lucas, Harriet S., Mary T., Rebecca E., Theo 
 dore H., Henry S. and Arthur C. 
 
 Mr. Turner is a man uncommouh' well en 
 dowed mentally and a possessor of a valuablt 
 fund of what is known as common sense, auc 
 as such qualifications are most important elementi 
 of success in any vocation, the causes of his sue 
 cess are apparent. He is well adapted to th< 
 business he has chosen, being of cool and pene 
 trating judgment, conservative with penetrating 
 conceptions, and inclined to weigh carefnlh 
 and look at every matter from every possibh 
 point of view. He is generous, liberal, anc 
 in all respects a man of great force of character 
 
 HiSE, William L., is another New En 
 glander who has distinguished himself in th( 
 annals of St. Louis, and who by his busines; 
 ability and enterprise has more than justified tlu 
 confidence placed in him by his associates. IS 
 strictly liberal-minded man, Mr. Huse, althongi 
 a Republican in politics and a very earnest 
 believer in the principles of his party, ha> 
 avoided anything bordering upon partisanship 
 and although the excellent record he made a;- 
 mayor of Peru, Illinois, several years ago ha< 
 led to his being asked repeatedly to run foi 
 ofHce in St. Louis, he has always declined. 
 
 Mr. Hu.se was born in Danville, Vermont, or 
 
niOCRAPHICAl. APPENDIX. 
 
 201 
 
 laroli !t, l.s;'.:.. His father, .Mr. Joli 
 aiiie of a family the members of \vh 
 icipated in the war of the Revolution, 
 
 Huse 
 
 ■11 par- 
 md his 
 
 grandfather on his mother's side, Mr. Ira Colby, 
 ook part in the battle of Ticonderoga, under 
 ithaii Allen. When William was only seven 
 •ears of age his parents moved to the village on 
 he shore of Lake Michigan, which then had 
 ibout five thousand inhabitants, but which has 
 ince grown into the great cit}' of Chicago. He 
 vas educated in the public schools, and when 
 ibout seventeen 
 •ears of age entered 
 he grocery estab- 
 ishinent of H. G. 
 voomis as clerk. 
 Phree years later his 
 )bvious ability and 
 ndustry attracted 
 he attention of the 
 orwarding and com- 
 nission firm of I. D. 
 iarmon & C o m - 
 )any, whose head- 
 luarters were in 
 ^eru, Illinois. Then 
 L city of first impor- 
 ance. 
 
 This firm offered 
 lim a position of 
 rust which he ac- 
 ;epted, and his zeal 
 m behalf of his em- 
 )loyers was soon williaiv 
 
 nanifest. Even at 
 
 his early age he was entrusted with a steamer 
 unning on the Illinois river and given entire 
 ■harge of the boat. This gave him facilities 
 or earning more than absolutely retiuired for 
 lis daily wants, and in l.s.'.S ht- had saved 
 Miough iiuiiK y t<i ao<|uire possession of a steamer 
 iiid enter upon the transportation business him- 
 lelf. Hy the lime he was twcnty-fi\e he owned 
 hree steamers and was able to sell out his busi- 
 less at a good profit. 
 
 In the spring of the following year, l.sill, he 
 )rganized the firm of Huse, Loomis & Comijaiu 
 
 in St. Louis, and commenced business in ice 
 and transportation on a larger scale. For nine- 
 teen years the firm continued as first organized, 
 and its efforts were crowned with the most 
 marked success. In 1?<8() it was deemed advis- 
 able, in consequence of the immense interests of 
 the house, to incorporate under the laws of the 
 State, and the firm became merged into the 
 Huse & Loomis Ice and Transportation Com- 
 pau)-, with Mr. Huse as president. The com- 
 pany's capital is $.').')(), (100, and its founder 
 owns a controlling 
 interest. The house 
 owns e n o r m o u s 
 storage houses a t 
 \- a r i o n s desirable 
 points on the Mis- 
 si.ssippi and Illinois 
 rivers, whence ice is 
 brought down to St. 
 Louis and other 
 points on the river 
 i 11 the company's 
 own boats. 
 
 During the seven- 
 ties Mr. Huse re- 
 sided in Peru, Illi- 
 nois and served for 
 two years as mayor 
 of that city. His 
 interests, and those 
 of the company in 
 that town, are enor- 
 mous, the annual 
 harvest at that point 
 var\ing from seventy-five thousand to a hundred 
 thousand tons. At Alton still more business is 
 done, and both at Beardstown and Louisiana an 
 immense amoiint of ice is cut every year. The 
 coin])aii\' emploxs more than twi) thousand men 
 to gather in this harvest of ice, and the extent 
 of its operations is unique. 
 
 Mr. Huse has other interests of considerable 
 importance. He is president of the Union 
 Dairy Comi)any, whose capital is $300, 0(K), and 
 which has done an immense amount of good 
 work fur St. Louis by furni.shing a con.stant sup- 
 
2(12 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ply of the purest milk and dairy products. He 
 is also president of the Creve Coeur Lake Ice 
 Company, and a director and stockholder in the 
 Crystal Plate Glass Company, the Boatmen's 
 Bank, the St. Louis Trust Company, and the 
 Peru City Plow and Wheel Company. He is 
 also connected with other St. Louis enterprises, 
 and is a past president of the St. Louis Com- 
 mercial Club, an exclusive organization with 
 about sixty members, all of them prominent and 
 influential men. He is connected with the 
 church of the Messiah, and his home life is a 
 remarkably happy one. 
 
 Mr. Huse married in l.'S(ir) a daughter of the 
 Reverend Harvey Brown, of New York City. 
 Mr. Brown was a prominent preacher in the 
 Methodist denomination, having resided in 
 Illinois while active missionary work was being 
 done in that State. Both Mr. and Mrs. Huse 
 are fond of traveling and have enjoyed European 
 and other tours of considerable extent. Another 
 hobby of Mr. Huse is the raising of fine horses, 
 his stock farm in Peru being one of the best in 
 the State. His favorite and most speedy horse 
 was Tom Wonder, whose record was 2:2(i. 
 
 CR.A.M, George T., came of that hardy New 
 England stock which has furnished the pioneers 
 in the civilization and development of this 
 country, moulding its thovights and shaping its 
 politics. His parents were Samuel T. and 
 Sallie D. (Jennings) Cram, of Meridith, New 
 Hampshire, where he was born September 17, 
 1834. He was educated in his native State. 
 After leaving school he spent ten years in Amos- 
 keag Mills, at Manchester, working in every 
 branch and mastering every detail of the busi- 
 ness, going, as he himself expressed it, "from 
 l)ottom to to]).'" 
 
 At the breaking out of the rebellion in LSCil, 
 he entered the army as second-lieutenant of 
 Company K, First New Hampshire Cavalr>-. 
 When the war closed he came west, locating in 
 St. Louis in IXIiti, and at once became closely 
 and prominently identified with the business 
 and financial interests of this city. In 18t)S he 
 became secretary, and in 187() president of the 
 
 American Central Insurance Company; treas- 
 urer and one of the board of directors of the 
 Central Trust Company, and president of the 
 Third National Bank, all of which positions he 
 still holds. 
 
 He married Miss Carrie Trowbridge, of New- 
 ton, Massachusetts, February, 18(>9, and has 
 two children — George A. and Frank B. 
 
 Nelson, Lewis C, was born in Boonville, 
 Missouri, September 18, 1850. His mother be- 
 fore her marriage was Margaret J. Wyan, and 
 his father was a well-known and prominent 
 figure for many years in central Missouri, a part 
 of the State that has produced many noble men. 
 He made his mark as a business man and finan- 
 cier, and from him the son has inherited his 
 talent in that line. He was a thorough belie\er 
 in the advantages of a good education, and pro- 
 vided with ample means as he was, he gave all 
 his children a liberal education, and Lewis C. 
 was not slow to seize the opportunities thus 
 offered. He acquired the foundation elements 
 of an excellent education in the public and 
 other schools of his native town, and besides 
 possesses the advantage of a double collegiate 
 education, for after several years spent at the 
 State University at Columbia, he entered Yale 
 from which he graduated in lS(i,S, being then 
 nineteen years old. 
 
 When he returned from college he was given 
 a position in the Central^ National Bank of 
 Boonville, a bank his father had done much to 
 create, and of which he was president. Start- 
 ing in as a clerk he at once demonstrated his 
 capacity and aptitude for financial or banking 
 affairs, with the result that in 1872, just after 
 he had turned his twenty-first year, he went to 
 the busy town of F'ort Scott, Kansas, and or- 
 ganized the First National Bank, an institution 
 that is still prosperously alive. But, like all 
 young men of high aspirations, he desired a 
 more ambitious field of endeavor than was offered 
 by a country town; so in 1877, when he was of- 
 fered the cashiership of the \'alle}- National 
 Bank of St. Louis, he accepted. 
 
 His ambition expanded as his opportunities 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 208 
 
 creased, and after acting as cashier of this 
 ink for two years he resigned and organized 
 id established the honse of Nelson & Noel, 
 inkers and brokers. Mr. Nelson continued at 
 le head of this business for nine years, during 
 lat time making it one of the recognized solid 
 lancial institutions of St. Louis, and building 
 np to a splendid condition of prosperity, but 
 I 1888 he was compelled to withdraw on ac- 
 mnt of ill health. As the one means of rest- 
 ig his strength, he was advised by his physi- 
 ans to seek a change of air and scene, and 
 xordingly for the space of two years after his 
 itirement he traveled constantly, and visited 
 sarly every civilized country on the globe. 
 
 He rettirned to St. Louis with his health 
 reatly improved; and as a man of his energy 
 id financial ability is always in great demand, 
 I January, IHJtO, he was elected to the presi- 
 ency of the St. Louis National Bank, a position 
 e yet retains. Mr. Nelson undoubtedly holds 
 place as one of the most able financiers in St. 
 onis. He is a man of careful business nieth- 
 Is, fully looking at all matters of finance from 
 /ery point of view, but when he has once 
 ;ached a determination he acts with decision 
 lid courage. He has been very successful as a 
 anker, and as he is still a young man, those 
 'ho know him expect him to accomplish great 
 lings in the financial world. He has not yet 
 cached the zenith of his power, but has niani- 
 ;sted in an intensified form many of the charac- 
 ?ristics that raised his father to a position of 
 ifluence and wealth. 
 
 Mr. Nelson has been married twice; in IST;!, 
 ) Miss Alice Estill, daughter of Colonel J. K. 
 )still, a member of a very prominent Howard 
 ounty family. Mrs. Nel.son dying in the same 
 ear, two years later he contracted a marriage 
 'ith Miss Louise Eleanor Bradford, daughter of 
 Irs. Lavina Bradford, of Saline county, Mis- 
 3uri. This last marriage has been blessed by 
 ne child, a son, now fifteen ^■ears old. 
 
 Oliver, Fikldinc. \V., was born in Cincin- 
 ati; Ohio, September 24, 18r)8, his grandfather 
 eing the third white man born in the State of 
 
 Ohio. His father. Judge M. W. Oliver, was an 
 able lawyer of Cincinnati, and had many honors 
 conferred on him by his fellow-citizens, serving 
 two terms as judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas, and a like number of terms in the State 
 Senate. His mother, Anna (Gere), was a na- 
 tive of Massachusetts, a member of a prominent 
 Puritan family. The subject of this sketch had 
 his early education in the jjublic schools of his 
 native city, and at the age of fourteen attended 
 a preparatory school at Freehold, New Jersey, 
 for two years, when he entered Princeton Col- 
 lege, at the age of sixteen. On graduating in 
 ISTil he returned to his home, where after re- 
 maining a year he started west to seek his 
 fortune. Visiting St. Louis, and liking the 
 surroundings, having confidence in its future, 
 he decided to make it his home. Through the 
 influence of his friends he obtained the position 
 of cashier of the St. Louis Bolt & Iron Com- 
 pany. Having acquired a holding of the .stock 
 of this corporation, he was, on the retirement of 
 the old treasurer, elected his successor, which 
 position he has retained ever since. In addi- 
 to his connection with the Tudor Iron Works, 
 the successors of the St. Louis Bolt & Iron 
 Company, Mr. Oliver is secretary and treasurer 
 of the Valley Steel Company, and a director of 
 the Third National Bank. He is a member of 
 the Merchants' Exchange, and the University 
 and Noonday clubs. 
 
 On October i;^, 1H!SI, Mr. Oliver was married 
 to Miss Anne Williamson, youngest daughter 
 of A. W. Williamson, of his native city. Three 
 cliildreu have blessed the union. 
 
 DuRAXT, (iKORdK K. — Tliat the general man- 
 agership of a vast system of telephones and 
 wires, such as that of the Bell Telephone Com- 
 ])any in St. Louis, is a most difficult position to 
 fill satisfactorily, must be known by everybody 
 who has even a superficial knowledge t)f the 
 difficulties, yet (rcorge F. Dnrant has occupied 
 this thankless ]jlacf for niau\- years, and has 
 discharged the duties of the office with admi- 
 rable tact and ability, and the company's expan- 
 sion and growth since 1.S77, when he took 
 
204 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 cliarge, have won for him the _<a;enuiiie appre- 
 ciation of his superiors. 
 
 Mr. Durant was born at Jersey City, in 1.S42, 
 and is the son of Chas. F. Durant, a man of 
 many scientific attainments, who has left to the 
 scientific world a most interesting work on the 
 "Algae of New York Bay and Harbor." His 
 mother was Miss Elizabeth Hamilton Freeland, 
 of Xew York. After he had completed his edu- 
 cation, which he recei\ed from the schools of 
 Jerse)- Cit\', young George, who early developed 
 electrical tastes, was made superintendent of the 
 fire alarm and telegraph system of his native 
 city, which he successfully conducted for two 
 years. After this he went to Lima, South 
 America, contracting to put in a fire alarm and 
 telegraph system, and remaining two years. 
 
 Returning, he was made superintendent of the 
 American District Telegraph Company, of New 
 York, a position he held until 1.S74, when he 
 came to St. Louis and organized the American 
 District Telegraph Company. When this com- 
 pany obtained control of the Bell Telephone, 
 Mr. Durant became general manager. 
 
 TuHOLSKE, Dr. Hf:rman. — A physician, 
 whose reputation for skill and scientific attain- 
 ment extends far beyond the confines of his own 
 State, and who, although yet in the prime of 
 life, is a practitioner of the ripest experience 
 and a leader and discoverer in his chosen field, 
 is the subject of this biograpln-, who was born 
 in Prussia, in the city of Berlin, March 27, 
 1S4.S. He is the son of Newman and Johanna 
 ( Arnfeld ) Tuholske, and while a youth received 
 the best classical education the Berlin Gymna- 
 sium could give. His education completed, he 
 followed the example of many of his country- 
 men and came to America. 
 
 Coming to St. Louis he located and shortly 
 afterward entered the Missouri Medical College, 
 from which he was graduated and gi\eu his 
 degree in l!S(i;i. He was fully impressed with 
 the advantages offered in medical instruction by 
 the schools of the European capitals, and shortly 
 after his graduation from the Missouri Medical 
 College he returned to Europe, where he received 
 
 the benefit of post-graduate lectures at the most 
 renowned schools of Vienna, Berlin, London and 
 Paris. Thus he acquired the first requisites of 
 a successful physician — a good general and tech- 
 nical education, and he therefore returned to St. 
 Louis and began a career as a practitioner of 
 medicine and surgery which has been a most 
 active and successful one. 
 
 In June, ISTd, he was appointed physician of 
 the vSt. Louis City Disj^ensary, and the reforms 
 and growth he there instituted were most compli- 
 mentary to his energetic administrative abilit\ . 
 When he assumed charge the institution treated 
 2, ;")()() patients a year. Under his administra- 
 tion the dispensary was enlarged and its methods 
 of work changed. The ambulance system was 
 organized, an assistant day and night physician 
 appointed, and during the five years, up to 
 l^TT), when he resigned, the institution had 
 treated 40, ()()() patients. During his ser\-ice as 
 dispensary physician he also had charge of the 
 Quarantine Hospital, and during the small-pox 
 epidemic of 1X72, 2,500 small-pox patients were 
 examined and sent to various hospitals. During 
 the period he was dispensary physician he was 
 also examining surgeon to the police force and 
 jail physician, but resigned all these ofiices in 
 1875, to devote his whole time to private prac- 
 tice, the volume of which, even in that day, 
 had increased to proportions that made him one 
 of the busiest physicians of the city. In 1873 
 the Missouri Medical College elected him pro- 
 fessor and demonstrator of anatomy, a place he 
 held for ten years, or until called to the chair of 
 surgery, a place he yet holds. 
 
 In 1882 he was one of the prime movers in 
 the organization and erection of the building 
 and hospital of the St. Louis Post-Graduate 
 School of Medicine, the first structure of the 
 kind e\er built in this country. Doctors P. ( i. 
 Robinson, Michel, Steele, Hardawa\-, (Glasgow, 
 Spencer and Engelman, who with him consti- 
 tute the faculty of the college, were his assist- 
 ants in this enterprise. He also actively engaged 
 in the agitation which resulted in the State 
 Board of Health demanding a higher educa- 
 tional standard and three years' attendance at 
 
^^^^^ 
 
BH HiRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 ■ctiires i)f those iiitendint; ti) practice medicine 
 r surjrery. 
 
 Dr. Tuholske is connected with a g;reat nnm- 
 er of medical and surgical societies. He is a 
 erpetnal member of the American Medical 
 .ssociation, member of the Southern Surgical 
 nd Gynjecological Society, the St. Louis Med- 
 ;al Society, the St. Louis Medico-Chirurgical 
 ociety, the St. Louis Surgical Society, and is 
 ti honorary member of the Southwest Missouri 
 tate Medical Association. He is consulting 
 irgeon to the City and Female hospitals, and 
 le South Side Dispensary, surgeon to the Post- 
 rraduate Medical College Hospital, one of the 
 irgeons to the Martha Parsons' Free Hospital 
 )r Children, surgeon in charge of the St. Louis 
 urgical and Gyncecological Hospital, and sur- 
 eon, with the rank of major, to the First Regi- 
 lent of Missouri. Besides the chair which he 
 olds in the Missouri Medical College, he is 
 Iso professor of surgery in the Post-fxraduate 
 chool of Medicine. 
 
 In IxiHi Dr. Tuholske established an institu- 
 on whicli embodies every improved idea and 
 ppliance in the treatment of surgical cases. It 
 i called the St. Louis Surgical and Gynseco- 
 )gical Hospital and is located in a beautiful 
 uildiug at Locust and Jefferson avenue. The 
 istitutiou is private, belonging to Dr. Tuholske, 
 nd no expense has been spared in making the 
 ospital a model of its kind, its operating room 
 eing visited and admired by many surgeons 
 ,'ho visit the city. There the doctor, aided by 
 is assistants, treats all cases of operative sur- 
 ery personaJly; and his skill as an operator in 
 ifTicult cases of abdominal surgery constantly 
 dds to his reputation and fame. Only surgical 
 nd gyntecological cases are received at the 
 ospital. The doctor is an author in the field 
 f medicine and surgery, and his articles in a 
 umber of surgical journals and other publica- 
 ious are rated as valuable contributions to the 
 iterature of medical, surgical and kindred sci- 
 
 Dr. Tuhdiske was uui 
 )ophie Kpstein, of St. Lt 
 lecame his helpmate. 
 
 Mi 
 
 Davls, John- T., who was cut off in his prime 
 on .\pril IHth of this year, has been well 
 described by an impartial writer as a magnificent 
 type of western manhood, and as one who, 
 although in the possession of great wealth, was 
 never known to make use of his money for an 
 improper purpose, and who in all his dealings 
 was the very soul of honor. ( )ne of the first 
 wholesale merchants of the city, whose impor- 
 tance as a wholesale and jobbing center can 
 scarcely be overrated, Mr. Davis was always 
 foremost in his efforts to maintain the good 
 name of the city and to secure for those purchas- 
 ing their supplies here the most absolutely fair 
 treatment. He was one of the most loyal men 
 in the city, and when four years ago it was 
 decided to make an effort to secure the holding 
 of the World's Fair in St. Louis, he promptly 
 subscribed for fifty thousand dollars' worth of 
 stock in the proposed St. I^ouis World's Fair 
 Association. 
 
 In every other movement designed to benefit 
 .St. Louis Mr. Da\'is was always to the front, 
 both with his check-book and with his services, 
 and so well advised were his actions that it is 
 doubtful whether his assistance was not some- 
 times of even greater value than his jDrincely 
 donations. His love for the Washington Uni- 
 versity was always ob\-ious, and his work on 
 behalf of the St. Louis Club, of which he was 
 president for ele\en years, is too well known to 
 need enlarging upon. The Security Building, 
 in man}- respects the finest office building in the 
 world, was erected largely owing to his efforts, 
 and his policy of thoroughness is apparent on 
 every story and in every room in that building. 
 
 Mr. Davis was a St. Lonisan by birth as well 
 as instinct. He was born in this city on Sep- 
 tember 13, 1844, being the second sou of Mr. 
 Samuel C. Davis, the practical founder of the 
 firmof S. C. Davis &. Company, one of the largest 
 wholesale dry goods establishments in the West. 
 -Mr. S. C. Davis had another son, named after 
 him, I)nl the death of this gi-ntk-nian, early in 
 llio seventies, left .Mr. Jnlii, T. Davis the head 
 of the younger <jeneratiun. Mr. John T. I)a\is 
 was educated at the Washington Universitv, 
 
2iM 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 where he graduated at the age of nineteen. He 
 then entered his father's establishment and in 
 18(5!) was made a partner, the firm then consist- 
 ing of Messrs. Samuel C. Davis, Andrew W. 
 Sproule and John T. Davis. On the death of the 
 first named, Mr. Davis became practically the 
 sole proprietor of the house, which since the year 
 1852 has been known as Samuel C. Davis tv: 
 Company. When Mr. John T. was admitted to 
 partnership there were grocery, shoe and other 
 departments, but these were abandoned in 1872, 
 and the entire energies of the firm were devoted 
 to dr^■ goods. 
 
 In addition to his important trade interests 
 Mr. Davis was very largely interested in realty. 
 Some of his investments in Chicago, New York 
 and Boston have proved exceptionally success- 
 ful, though the bulk of his interests were in this 
 citv. He was first vice-president of the St. 
 Louis Trust Company, vice-president of the 
 State Bank, president of the Security Building 
 Association, a director in the 'Frisco road and 
 the holder of an immense interest in the Ten- 
 nessee Midland and the Paducah, Tennessee 
 and Alabama railroads. He was one of the 
 founders of the St. Louis Trust Company, and 
 was one of the largest, if not actually its largest, 
 stockholders. His work in connection with the 
 Security Building erection has already been 
 mentioned. Among other works of improve- 
 ment the erection of the edifice on Broadway 
 and Washington avenue, in l'S7;i, must be spe- 
 cially referred to. This building cost more than 
 half a million dollars, and is one of the best 
 equipped wholesale establishments in the coun- 
 try. At the time of his death he was erecting 
 a magnificent house in Westmoreland place, a 
 palatial home which would have been ready for 
 his occupation this summer, had he been spared 
 as long as that. Mr. Davis also owned prop- 
 erty, and had conducted extensive building 
 operations, on vSixth street, between Carr and 
 Biddle; on Lucas place; on Broadway, between 
 O'Fallon and Dickson; and on (irand avenue, 
 Laclede avenue. Forest Park boulevard and 
 elsewhere. Much of the building work in 
 Washington Universitv is also due to Mr. Davis' 
 
 liberality. He had a habit of making princely 
 donations to this institution in the quiet, unos- 
 tentatious manner which actuated all his good 
 work, and on the day succeeding his death the 
 directors of the university met and passed reso- 
 lutions of the deepest possible regret and of the 
 warmest sympathy. "The lo.ss to the institu- 
 tion has been a most serious one," said the 
 president, "Mr. Davis was a son of the univer- 
 sity. Prepared in the academy he entered the 
 college iu 1859, and was graduated in the class 
 of 1863. During the thirty years which have 
 elapsed he has been a consistent friend of the 
 institution, and a wise friend and counselor in 
 all its work. He became a member of the 
 Board of Directors December 15, 1871, a member 
 of the Board of Control of the Art School at the 
 time it was created a distinct department of the 
 university, and has been a most generous and 
 willing benefactor in the work of both." 
 
 Mr. Davis married on February 20, l,S(i7, 
 Miss Maria J. Filley, daughter of Mr. Oliver D. 
 Filley, one of the ex-mayors of St. Louis. ]\Irs. 
 Davis had three sons, who are still living. John 
 T. Davis, Jr., the oldest son, is twenty-six years 
 of age, and he graduated from Harvard five 
 years ago. He is now a partner and practically 
 the principal owner of the establishment of 
 S. C. Davis & Company. The second son, 
 named after his grandfather, is twenty-two 
 years of age. He graduated last year and is 
 now traveling abroad. The youngest son, who 
 is fourteen, is attending the Smith Academy. 
 
 Mr. Davis' death was a great surprise to the 
 community. He was a man apparently of the 
 most vigorous health, absolutely free from indul- 
 gence of every kind, and would have been looked 
 upon to within two weeks of his death as a man 
 likely to live at least another thirty years. 
 About three weeks from his final breakdown he 
 suffered a slight indisposition, but it was not 
 until three or four days prior to his death that 
 any anxiety was felt. The final news was her- 
 alded as a local calamity, and several institu- 
 tions with which he was connected convened 
 special meetings in order to place on record an 
 official statement of regret and respect. 
 
Bit KiRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 2(1 
 
 The St. Louis Club resolutions were excep- 
 tionally pathetic, and were as follows: 
 
 "To the members of the St. Louis Club the 
 loss of our friend is especially trying and painful. 
 For many years he was its presiding officer; 
 being elected vice-president in 1880, he was the 
 following year made president and was succes- 
 sively re-elected to the position eleven times, 
 thus having been at the head of the club three- 
 fourths of the time of its existence. During 
 all this time no word of complaint was ever 
 made as to his conduct in the discharge of the 
 duties of the office; always polite and winning 
 in manner, he made friends of all, not only in 
 our club, but among our citizens of all classes. 
 Born to wealth, which he used with wise dis- 
 cretion and liberality, he never showed by his 
 manner to even the humblest person anything 
 but the fullest appreciation of the common 
 brotherhood of humanity. Nothing affecting 
 the welfare of our club, of our c\ty or its benev- 
 Dlent institutions came up for notice without 
 receiving from him a cordial attention and almost 
 uniformly substantial aid. Fortunate in his do- 
 mestic life to an uncommon degree, having the 
 confidence and love of his associates, sustaining 
 a moral character unstained and spotless, he 
 lived a life and left a reputation that all might 
 envy and desire, and an example worthy to be 
 followed. In respect for his memory, it is or- 
 dered that the club house be closed on the day 
 of his funeral; that the board of governors at- 
 tend it; that we extend our profound sympathy 
 to his family in their sad bereavement, and a 
 copy of these proceedings be sent to them." 
 
 The State Bank directors expressed their 
 feelings with equal delicacy. 
 
 RowsE, Ed\v.\ri) S., president of the St. 
 Louis Commercial Club, is one of the leading 
 financiers of the city, and capital furnished 
 by and through him has led to the erection of 
 several of the finest office and manufacturing 
 buildings to be found in any part of it. As the 
 resident financial and real estate agent of the 
 Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, 
 Mr. Rowse several years ago commenced to in- 
 
 augurate the plan of advancing large sums of 
 money on Missouri and St. Louis property by 
 eastern corporations. The example which he 
 and his principals set has since been very gener- 
 ally copied, but the fact remains that it was not 
 until Mr. Rowse became interested in the 
 matter that loans on a wholesale scale were 
 placed in this section of the country by eastern 
 insurance and other corporations. 
 
 The subject of this sketch has personally 
 negotiated loans to the extent of twenty million 
 dollars, and it is interesting to note in this con- 
 nection that not a single foreclosure has been 
 necessary, and that every loan has proved to be 
 a thoroughly "good" one. As a real estate 
 agent Mr. Rowse has been entrusted with some 
 of the most important deals ever recorded in 
 this city, and the respect entertained for him by 
 his clients and those with whom they have done 
 business, is a better index to his character and 
 worth than any other that can be thought of. 
 
 Mr. Rowse is of Puritan descent, the an- 
 cestors of his mother, who was formerh- Miss 
 Elizabeth T. Dorr, having settled in Massachu- 
 setts two hundred and fifty years ago. He was 
 born in New York City, on January ti, 1880, but 
 when he was but only three years of age his 
 father, Mr. Richard Rowse, died; and Mrs. 
 Rowse with her infant .son moved to Watertown, 
 a suburb of Boston. It was in this place that 
 Edward's early education was obtained, although 
 almost from infancy he had to work on a farm 
 during the summer, and only attended school in 
 the winter months. When about sixteen years 
 of age he was apprenticed to a carpenter, but at 
 the age of twenty he decided that there was not 
 sufficient scope in the work, and he accordingly 
 entered upon mercantile life, obtaining a posi- 
 tion as book-keeper in a wholesale boot and 
 shoe house at Boston. 
 
 Being naturally of an economical disposition 
 he saved a large portion of his small earnings, and 
 in 18r)8 he took advantage of an opportunity to 
 go into business and invested his savings to 
 good advantage. During the war Mr. Rowse 
 turned his eyes westward, and in 18(52 he ob- 
 tained a position in the Paymaster's Department 
 
208 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 of the Federal (Toveruineut in this city. In 
 April of the following j'ear he connected himself 
 with General John S. Cavender, and the real 
 estate and brokerage business of Cavender & 
 Rowse was formed. The young partner gave 
 his whole attention and energy to the business, 
 and although the partnership was established at 
 a time when the war made investments uninvit- 
 ing, considerable business was done and the 
 firm established an excellent connection. j\Ir. 
 Rowse, some years later, became the financial 
 correspondent of the Connecticut Mutual and 
 for the last ten years he has had entire charge 
 of the financial affairs in Missouri of that im- 
 portant institution. 
 
 In 18«t) General Cavender died, and Mr. 
 Rowse continued in business in his own name. 
 He has continued to increa.se his connections as 
 well as the extent and importance of his trans- 
 actions, and is regarded as one of the safest real 
 estate advisers and managers in the West. 
 
 He is a director of the St. Louis Trust Com- 
 pany and of several other corporations, besides 
 being one of the managers of the Washington 
 University. In politics he is a Republican, 
 and a reformer. He served for eight years on 
 the St. Louis city Council at a most important 
 period in the city's history. As chairman of 
 the committee on public improvements ]\Ir. 
 Rowse heartily co-operated with the Commercial 
 Club and the Street Commissioner in their 
 determination to obtain first-class streets for St. 
 Louis; and he is one of the three men to whom 
 St. Louis is really indebted in the main for her 
 splendid granite pavements. 
 
 Mr. Rowse is not now actively engaged in pol- 
 itics, believing it to be the duty of the rising gen- 
 eration to bear the burden and heat of the day in 
 this respect; but he is still influential witli his 
 party, and his advice is frequently sought. He 
 is connected with the Unitarian Church, of 
 which Rev. J. C. Learned was pastor for several 
 years, and in private life he is noted for his 
 kind-heartedness and charity. Forty years ago 
 he married Miss Ann Kliza Rogers. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Rowse have one son, Edward C, who is 
 now associated with his father in business and 
 
 an active helper in the important enterprises 
 under his control. 
 
 Kenxa, Eduard Dudlev, son of M. E. and 
 Ellen ( Pilcher ) Kenna, was born at Jackson- 
 ^•ille, Illinois, November 19, IXGl. His parents 
 moved to Springfield, ^Missouri, in l-STO, where 
 he was educated at the public schools, read law 
 and was admitted to the bar in May, IXSO, when 
 only a little more than eighteen years old. 
 
 He at once began the practice of law in 
 Springfield, and in May, IJSSl, was appointed 
 assistant attorney for the St. Louis & San Fran- 
 cisco Railway Company, with headquarters in 
 St. Louis, where he has since resided, holding 
 that position until October, 18811, when he was 
 appointed general attorney of the company and 
 given entire control of its legal business. Since 
 that time he has occupied a commanding posi- 
 tion at the bar, appearing in all of the important 
 litigation to which his position called him, and 
 being pitted against some of the greatest lawyers 
 in the country. No man of his years has been 
 engaged in so many noted cases, where the 
 interests involved were of such magnitude, and 
 the fact that all of them have been brought to a 
 successful issue bears remarkable testimony to 
 his untiring energ\' and rare skill and learn- 
 ing. 
 
 As a speaker, his presence and address are 
 pleasing; he discards form and clings to sub- 
 stance; he despises trifles and thinks only of the 
 salient points of his case, and his utterances 
 spring as the result of earnest thought and 
 thorough preparation leading the hearer on step 
 by step till the chain of argument is done and 
 conviction attests its strength and power. 
 
 He is a Democrat, and while not an active 
 jiolitician, is a power in his party by reason of 
 his eminent capacity for leadership. He has 
 always contented himself within the ranks, pre- 
 ferring professional success to public place. In 
 the midst of his many professional duties he 
 makes time to continue his general reading, 
 both literary and jjolitical, thus broadening and 
 strengthening his mental grasp and rounding 
 •and perfecting his mental training. 
 
£^c^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 209 
 
 BkiJ-, Nicholas MoxTfrOiiHRV, is the son 
 of William A. and Caroline P. Bell, the latter 
 iicc Harvey, and was born in Lincoln county, 
 ^Missouri, in l.S4l». Mr. Bell's grandfather 
 served -with distinction in the war of 1812, under 
 General Harrison, emerging therefrom as a 
 major, and was a member of the General 
 Assembly of Missouri in 1826-28. Mr. Bell's 
 father was born in Mount Sterling, Kentuck)-, 
 and his mother was from one of the old Virginia 
 families. Mr. and Mrs. Bell had moved to Mis- 
 souri with their 
 parents in early 
 childhood, locating 
 in Lincoln and Pike 
 counties. Prior to 
 the birth of Nicholas, 
 and for many )'ears 
 a f t e r w a r d s, his 
 father was engaged 
 in farming and in 
 mercantile pursuits. 
 
 When fourteen 
 years of age young 
 Mr. Bell came to St. 
 Louis and secured a 
 Ijosition with ^lessrs. 
 Barr, Dune a n & 
 Company, as assist- 
 ant book-keeper 
 and collector. He 
 remained with this 
 firm four years, and 
 in l.sii4, having ac- 
 quired a sound busi- 
 ness training, he went west and settled in 
 Boi.se City, Idaho, where he engaged in the 
 mercantile and mining business. In 18()5 he 
 went still further west and joined his uncle, I\Ir. 
 John C. Bell, then a merchant at Salem, Oregon. 
 The firm was known as J. C. .K: N. M. Bell, and 
 for three years the jiartnership continued to the 
 mutual satisfaction of both parties. 
 
 Mr. Nicholas M. Bell even at that early age 
 was a careful student of politics and a firm 
 believer in the soundness of Democratic princi- 
 ples. He was elected a delegate, from the 
 14 
 
 State of Oregon, to the National Democratic Con- 
 ^•ention in l.SfiS, and cast his vote for Seymour 
 and Blair. After the convention he returned to 
 St. Louis, and in the year 18ii!i entered into 
 partnership with James McCreery in the com- 
 mission business, the firm being known as Bell 
 & McCreery. In 1870, before the Democracy 
 had regained ascendency in the State, he was 
 elected to the Twenty-sixth General Assembly 
 from the city of St. Louis, having defeated Hon. 
 vStilsou Hutchins, then editor of the Times, for 
 the nomination, and 
 receiving at the polls 
 se\'eral h u n d r e d 
 more votes than his 
 opponent, Hon. 
 Joseph Pulitzer. 
 
 Mr. Bell's legisla- 
 ti\-e work at Jeffer- 
 st)n Cit>- was of 
 s u c h a prominent 
 and i:)opular charac- 
 ter that in 1872 he 
 was re-elected by a 
 large, increased ma- 
 jority, serving in all 
 four }-ears and bring- 
 ing to bear it p o n 
 State legislation a 
 \ast deal of sound 
 common sense and 
 practical business 
 acumen. During 
 his service he was 
 chairman of the 
 committee on federal relations and a member of 
 the committee on internal improvements, two of 
 the most important committees of the House. 
 In 187(5 Mr. Bell was the nominee of the Demo- 
 cratic partv of St. Louis for the office of county 
 auditor. When the National Democratic Con- 
 \x-nlion niel in St. Louis in lS7(i, it honored 
 Mr. Bell with its secretaryship, and one of his 
 happiest duties in that connection was his 
 announcement of the nomination of Tilden and 
 Hendricks. This was his entrance upon 
 national politics, wherein he was thereafter to 
 
 MONTGOMERY BELL. 
 
•210 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 figure with conspicuous ability. Four years 
 later he was again made secretary of the Dem- 
 ocratic National Convention, which met in Cin- 
 cinnati and nominated Hancock and English. 
 
 Mr. Bell's peculiar aptitude for controlling 
 large bodies of men, together with his remark- 
 able elocutionary powers, attracted universal 
 attention, and in 1884, for the third time, he 
 was made secretary of the National Democratic 
 Convention, the one which nominated the win- 
 ning ticket of Cleveland and Hendricks, at 
 Chicago, and was secretary of the committee 
 appointed to notify the candidates of their nom- 
 ination. Eight years later he acted in a similar 
 capacity, with equal success. 
 
 After the inauguration of President Cleveland 
 in 1885, Mr. Bell was appointed superintendent 
 of foreign mails, a position he filled for four 
 years and one month in an exceedingly satis- 
 factory manner, winning not only the approval 
 of the administration, but also of hundreds of 
 leading Republicans, who recognized his ability 
 and zeal. Part of his work was the negotiation 
 of postal treaties with foreign countries, a branch 
 of governmental work in which he especially 
 excelled, and he also had charge of all the cor- 
 respondence of the postal department with for- 
 eign countries, the sea transportation of mails 
 destined to foreign countries, and the auditing 
 and adjustment of accounts in payment therefor. 
 
 Perhaps the most conspicuous of Mr. Bell's 
 official achievements was the negotiation of the 
 first parcel post treaties between the Ignited 
 States and any foreign country. He brought 
 this to a successful termination, and the benefits 
 to international commerce cannot be estimated 
 in the brief space here allotted. Mr. Bell 
 further negotiated the extremely useful postal 
 conventions between the United States, Canada 
 and Mexico, which resulted practically in mak- 
 ing the entire North American continent one 
 postal territory. So careful was his attention 
 to details that the treaty provisions admit of the 
 interchange of mail between the two continents 
 and the colony with the same rates of postage 
 and with similar conditions as between two 
 states or two post-offices of this country. The 
 
 negotiation of the parcel post treaties has 
 resulted in the abolition of the old consular 
 and invoice certificates which caused so nuich 
 annoyance and expense in the exchange of par- 
 cel merchandise between the two countries, 
 while the treaties negotiated by him increased 
 the commerce of the United States nearly 
 «;2,0()(),()0() the first year. 
 
 It is worthy of mention, also, that Mr. Bell 
 inaugurated a system of reports of the transit of 
 mails destined to foreign countries, providing 
 for a statement of the actual time between post- 
 office of origin and the post-office of destination, 
 and awarding the contracts for conveying the 
 mails to the steamer showing the greatest speed 
 and quickest delivery, without regard to its 
 registry or flag. The competition between ves- 
 sels became so great under this impetus that 
 contracts were often awarded to the steamer 
 showing only one minute faster time between 
 New York and London. This movement expe- 
 diated the foreign mail delivery from one to two 
 business days, and was applauded by the mer- 
 chants and exporters of this country to such an 
 extent that they petitioned the postmaster- 
 general to use his good offices to induce foreign 
 countries to inaugurate a similar system, while 
 it came to be so popular in Great Britain that 
 the London Times, in a two-column editorial, 
 tirged Parliament to adopt 'Mr. Bell's plan. 
 
 After the inauguration of President Harrison, 
 Mr. Bell resigned his position as superintendent 
 of foreign mails, returned to St. Louis and 
 devoted his attention to the tobacco commission 
 and storage business of the Peper Tobacco 
 Warehouse Company, at the corner of Twelfth 
 and Market streets. The Legislature having 
 created the position of Excise Commissioner for 
 St. Louis, Mr. Bell was appointed to the position. 
 
 In 1888 Mr. Bell was married to Miss Maggie 
 Peper, daughter of Captain Christian Peper, of 
 this city, and the result of this happy union is a 
 son, Christian Peper Bell. 
 
 BuscH, Adolphts, the largest brewer in 
 America, and with one exception in the world, 
 was born near Mainz on the Rhine, some fiftv 
 
BIO 7 /? J PfflC 4L A PPEVn fX. 
 
 years a.t^o. His father was a prominent citizen 
 engaged in extensive operations in ship timber, 
 sending large rafts of timber, chiefly suitable 
 For masts and spars, down the Rhine to the 
 Metherlands for export. In addition to this Mr. 
 Busch, senior, was a wealthy land owner, own- 
 ng extensive vineyards in the vicinity of his 
 lome and near the village from which the re- 
 lowned hop vines are named. 
 
 The fonndation for the scholastic and com- 
 nercial training which have enabled St. Lonis' 
 rreat merchant prince to outdistance all com- 
 )etitors in the race, was laid in schools near his 
 lome, but he also had the advantage of a full 
 :ourse of study in one of the best known col- 
 eges in Belgium, where among other accom- 
 )lisliments he acquired a thorough knowledge 
 >f the French language. After leaving college 
 le was connected with the lumber industry for 
 ibout a year, and then went to the city of Co- 
 ogue, where he connected himself with a prom- 
 nent mercantile house and not only obtained an 
 .dmirable insight into business matters, but also 
 ose to a leading position in the house, although 
 le was still little urore than a boy. 
 
 Just before the outbreak of the war young 
 Jr. Busch came to America and located at St. 
 ^ouis, where some relatives of his were living, 
 •■or three years he was engaged in a wholesale 
 ommission house and also ser\-ed for fourteen 
 iiouths in the Union army, with General 
 iIcNeil, in Northern Missouri. ( )n attaining his 
 najority he received a substantial sum from his 
 ather's estate and commenced business for him- 
 elf as a brewer's supply agent. For four or 
 ive years he conducted this business with great 
 >rofit to himself, but in 18()() he relinquished it 
 .nd went into partnership with his father-in-law 
 ilr. Eberhard Anheuser, who was at that time 
 )roprietor of the old I!a\arian Brewery. 
 
 This was quite a local establishment with 
 •ery little outside trade, but the new partner at 
 ince introduced into it new life and vigor; 
 igencies were established in the West and 
 jouth, and the output was largely increased. 
 >o rapid was the progress that the proprietors 
 lecided to incorporate under the laws of ^lis- 
 
 .souri, and the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Associ- 
 ation thus came into existence in Ls?."). To 
 thoroughly appreciate the work that has been 
 accomplished by Mr. Busch in reorganizing and 
 extending the business with which he is con- 
 nected, it must be remembered that the record 
 of the Bavarian Brewery was six thousand 
 barrels per aniuim. As compared with this the 
 present output seems amazing, the total malt- 
 ing capacity exceeding two million bushels per 
 annum, and the shipping capacity one hundred 
 uiillion bottles and one million barrels. The 
 daily output is almost identical with the annual 
 output at the time Mr. Busch became connected 
 with the work, so that the increase has been 
 more than three hundred-fold. 
 
 Reference has been made in another portion 
 of this book to the colossal business of this 
 establishment, which has now more than five 
 hundred resident agents and fully four thousand 
 eiuployes. No corn or corn preparations are 
 used on the premises, and it was Mr. Busch who 
 was the first to manufacture bottled beer for 
 export by the Pasteurizing process. Everv 
 variety of ale is produced, the most popular 
 brands being the Anheuser-Busch Standard, the 
 Original Budweiser, the Pale Lager, the Pilsener 
 or Exquisite, the old Burgundy and the Faust 
 beer. 
 
 To Mr. Busch is due the credit for having 
 made it possible to supply the South and West 
 with a high grade of beer. He was the first to 
 erect refrigerators throughout the Southern and 
 Western States, and also to make practical use 
 of refrigerator cars for transporting beer. He 
 organized the St. Louis Refrigerator Car Com- 
 pan}', of which he is still president. He also 
 made it his business to insist upon justice from 
 the railroad companies. Fonuerly beer was 
 carried as first-class freight, at rates as high as 
 those charged for works of art or looking- 
 glasse, but ]\Ir. Busch demanded that an equi- 
 table classification should be made, and finally 
 succeeded, thus making it possible to export 
 beer to distant points at a profit. In IH.SO Mr. 
 Busch became president and manager of the 
 Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association, and al- 
 
•212 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 though he is now one of the weakhiest men in 
 the West, he gives his attention to the details 
 of the colossal undertaking, and prides himself 
 on the fact that the city of buildings which go 
 to make up the brewery are not only suitable 
 for their purpose in every way, but are also ex- 
 ceedingly elegant from an architectural point of 
 view, and one of the great attractions to visitors 
 to the city. 
 
 Mr. Busch is by no means a selfish man, but 
 has always been willing to contribute both 
 money and energy towards public movements of 
 importance. He was one of the most persistent 
 workers in behalf of the building of a St. Louis 
 bridge and subseqiiently of the St. Louis Bridge 
 and Terminal enterprise. He also founded the 
 South Side Bank, of which he is still president; 
 while among other enterprises with which he is 
 connected may be mentioned the Streator Bottle 
 and Glass Company, of Illinois; the Adolphus 
 Busch Glass Company, of Belleville and St. 
 Louis, and the Manufacturers' Railway Com- 
 pany, of St. Louis, the last named corporation 
 owi:ing the railroad which connects the brewery 
 with the Iron ^Mountain and Belt Railways. He 
 has also a large amount of capital invested in 
 the Asphalt mines of Utah and other mining- 
 interests. 
 
 He has dispensed many thousands of dollars 
 in charities, and treats every employe who is 
 attentive to his duties as an ally rather than a 
 servant. Commercial success has not interfered 
 with the cultivation of a love of art and of high- 
 class sport. Mr. Busch has a collection of artistic 
 treasures of great value, and he also owns one of 
 the best stables in the country, with several su- 
 perb horses with established records. He has 
 also derived much pleasure from traveling, has 
 visited nearly every quarter of the globe, and is 
 a brilliant conversationalist not only in English 
 but also in German and French. 
 
 Kehlor, James B. M. — St. Louis is already 
 important as a grain market, and its importance 
 in this respect is found to increase, as farmers 
 are realizing more each year the profit in wheat 
 raising. As a wheat producing country the 
 
 territory around St. Louis is only second to the 
 wheat-belt of the great Northwest. As a flour 
 manufacturing center the city has already at- 
 tained an eminence above the standard of the 
 city as a wheat market, and her present position 
 in that respect is mostly due to the brains, 
 energy and capital of about a half dozen men, 
 and none among them has taken a more con- 
 spicuous part in the development of the flouring 
 industry than Mr. J. B. ]\I. Kehlor, who has 
 been connected with the local milling industry 
 about thirty years. 
 
 Mr. Kehlor hails Scotland as his native land, 
 and there, in the manufacturing city of Paisley, 
 he was born June 6, 184:2. His mother's 
 maiden name was Elizabeth Brodice, and his 
 father, Duncan M. Kehlor, was a prominent 
 citizen of Paisley, engaged in the manufacture 
 of shawls, for which the city is so celebrated. 
 His rudimentary education was obtained in the 
 excellent schools of his native laud and finished 
 at an English college. Being a lad of excep- 
 tionally strong mental endowments, he at the 
 age of fifteen had made most uncommon advanc- 
 meut in his studies, so much so that at this time 
 his education was considered completed and he 
 left school to become an assistant in his father's 
 factory. 
 
 Although his father stood ready to do any- 
 thing for him and give him the best of btisiness 
 opportunities, he was much too ambitious to re- 
 main at home as long as the bright stories of the 
 wonderful land across the sea were unin\-esti- 
 gated, and with the self-reliance and independ- 
 ence that are characteristic of all men who are 
 boru to succeed, he was moved with a strong 
 desire to branch out in life for himself. Ha\- 
 ing settled upon America as the future scene of 
 his efforts, he arrived in New York in l>>.5ii. 
 
 Having relatives in the metropolis, he made 
 that city his temporary home until 18(il, in 
 which year he went to Milwaukee, which then 
 gave promise of its present importance, and 
 where one of his brothers was already located 
 and engaged in the manufacture of paper. He 
 became interested in this enterprise with his 
 brother, an arrangement that existed for a year, 
 
niOGRAPHICAl. APPENDIX. 
 
 >. W. Keillor saw a chance to 
 •iier on his own acconnt. In 
 he took charge of a flourino: 
 Wisconsin, a small town 
 Al- 
 
 or nntil Mr. J. 
 become a mill ( 
 l.Sti2, therefore 
 mill at Waterford 
 
 abont twenty-five miles from Milwanke 
 though the mill was a small one, only having a 
 capacity of about eight barrels a day, he made 
 money during the short time he ran it. How- 
 ever, Waterford did not offer opportunities that 
 satisfied his ambition and he determined to 
 again make a change, this time opening a com- 
 mission business in 
 Chicago. 
 
 In bSlU he reached 
 the conclusion that 
 St. Louis offered bet- 
 ter inducements as a 
 field of operations 
 than Chicago, and 
 he therefore closed 
 out his commission 
 l)usiness and came 
 to this city, where 
 he established him- 
 self in the same line. 
 Several shrewd and 
 bold operations of a 
 commercial nature 
 attracted attention 
 to him soon after 
 opening his busi- 
 ness, with the result 
 that ]\Ir. George Up- 
 dike was one of the 
 men who thus per- 
 ceived and properly rated Mr. Keillor's business 
 ability. The acquaintance thus begun led 
 eventually to a proposition from ^Ir. Updike, 
 having for its purpose the establishment of a 
 house in Xew Orleans. This was done, Messrs. 
 Keillor &; Updike entering into a partnership 
 for this purpose, under the firm name of Kehlor, 
 Updike (S: Company, the New Orleans house 
 being considered a branch of the St. Louis 
 establishment. 
 
 The f(_)niier house did a phenomenal business 
 from the beginning, handling more and larger 
 
 consignments than any of its competitors, 
 receiving at one time consignments from every 
 mill in St. Louis. Its success was entirely due 
 to Mr. Kehlor, who had personal charge, his 
 partners having absolute confidence in his 
 integrity and good judgment. Notwithstanding 
 its prosperity, the firm in 18(59 concluded that 
 it saw a better use for its capital in St. Louis, 
 and the affairs of the New Orleans house were 
 accordingly wound up, and the money invested 
 in the Laclede ^'louring Mill, then located at the 
 corner of Soulard 
 and Decatur streets. 
 One reason of this 
 return to St. Louis 
 was the ill health of 
 Mr. Kehlor's family. 
 In 1.S71 the firm 
 entered yet further 
 into the milling 
 business by the pur- 
 chase of the Pacific 
 Millson Third street, 
 which had a capaci- 
 ty of eleven hundred 
 barrels per day. 
 
 In 1«73 Mr. Keh- 
 lor bought out the 
 interest of his part- 
 ners and ran the 
 business, which had 
 already begun t o 
 assume vast propor- 
 tions for awhile 
 alone. He then ad- 
 mitted an elder brother to partnership, but in a 
 few months repurchased his interest. It is an 
 interesting fact that since coming to St. Louis, 
 Mr. Kehlor has paid out in securing entire con- 
 trol of his business over a quarter of a million 
 of dollars. Since coming to St. Louis it seems 
 to have been his general rule to extend and 
 increase his milling interest about every two 
 \ears. This was done in 1882 by the erection 
 of the Kehlor Mills in this city, with a capacity' 
 of l,.')nO barrels daily. In ISiH this was 
 increased to 2,7(1(1 barrels. In l.S.Sl he inir- 
 
 M. KHHI.OR. 
 
214 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 chased the Litchfield ^lill, -with a daily capacity 
 of 2,200 barrels. 
 
 Besides being the largest flouring mill owner 
 in the West, a position he has attained solely by 
 energy and business ability, he is president of 
 the Citizens' Fire Insurance Company, of St. 
 Louis, a director of the St. Louis National 
 Bank, a director of the United Elevator Com- 
 pany, and for twenty-sev^en y-ears has been an 
 influential member of the Merchants' Exchange. 
 He is undoubtedly one of the most active and 
 able business men of St. Louis, as his eminent 
 success testifies. He is a man of extraordinary 
 force of character and has inherited much of the 
 firm integrity and determination of his Scotch 
 ancestry. He is a man who inspires confidence, 
 and was one of the staunchcst friends of the late 
 Geo. P. Plant, and his long business connection 
 with George Updike made of them the firmest 
 friends. 
 
 While running tlie little mill at Waterford, 
 Wisconsin, Mr. Keillor met and married Miss 
 Laniira W. Russ. Of this marriage three 
 children, all girls, have been born. Connie E., 
 is now Mrs. George Tower, Jr., while Josephine 
 and Jessie are yet at home. 
 
 MOKFITT, John S., who died May 17, 1894, 
 shortly before completing his fortieth year, was 
 one of the best known and most respected advo- 
 cates of the Xew St. Louis idea, and there can 
 be no doubt that the conscientious manner in 
 which he discharged his semi-official duties ma- 
 terially shortened his life. It was his habit in 
 business matters to attend personally to the 
 most minute details, and no one in his employ 
 kept longer office hours, or worked more con- 
 tinuously, than did he. As a wholesale drug- 
 gist he ranked among the leaders in the West, 
 and was a prominent member of the National 
 Association, having an immense number of 
 friends among its members throughout the entire 
 country. For upwards of ten years he also de- 
 voted several hotirs a day to work designed for 
 the betterment of the city, for the care of the 
 poor, and also for the religious training of chil- 
 dren. For some time he had been visibly losing 
 
 strength, but until too late he disregarded the 
 advice of his friends and physician, who besought 
 him to take a protracted rest, and it was not 
 until his health actually broke down that his 
 familiar figure was missing from his desk. It 
 was too late then to save a life, the value of 
 which the community how thoroughly recognizes. 
 Nervous prostration, brought on by continued 
 application, was aggravated by lung trouble, and 
 the best medical advice was unavailing. 
 
 ■Mr. ^Vloflfitt was born in the year 1854, and was 
 the son of Mr. William Moffitt, of Pittsburgh, 
 Pennsylvania. Mr. Wni. Moffitt took charge of 
 the shipping department for Mr. James Richard- 
 son shortly after the close of the war. Before 
 the incorporation of the Richardson Drug Com- 
 pany, in the old days of Richardson & Mellier, 
 John S. entered the employ of the firm as errand- 
 boy. The natural industry and integrity of the 
 lad commended him at once to the notice of his 
 employers, and his advance in their confidence 
 was rapid. Thus advancing towards the man- 
 agerial deiJartment, he was, on the incorporation 
 of the Richardson Drug Company, placed in 
 charge of the sundries department in the old 
 building at the corner of Fourth street and Clark 
 avenue. Here he was in his element, and the 
 sundries department soon assumed great impor- 
 tance. It was while engaged in this capacity 
 that ]Mr. Moffitt became identified with so many 
 of the movements of a public and philanthropic 
 character, and that he became looked upon as 
 indispensable in any movement requiring hard 
 work and patient application. 
 
 The fire of New Year's Day, ISSH, whicli 
 wiped the Richard.son drug hou.se off the face 
 of the earth caused Mr. Moffitt to look elsewhere 
 for an occupation. His loyalty to the house 
 with which he had been identified for so man\' 
 \ears was great, and it was not until he was 
 satisfied that the company had no intention of 
 rebuilding that he determined to ftnin a drug 
 company himself. About six weeks after the 
 destruction of the Richardson plant, ^Ir. Moffitt 
 associated with himself oVIessrs. Courtney H. 
 West, William J. Niedringhaus and Frank F. 
 Koeneke. These four gentlemen incorporated 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 21; 
 
 the IMoffitt-West Drug Compan\-, of which Mr. 
 Moffitt became president and acting manager. 
 As already stated, he gave to the buying and 
 shipping departments his hourly attention, and 
 under his care the business grew beyond all 
 expectation. Although only five years old the 
 Moffitt-West Drug Company has become a 
 dangerous rival to some of its old established 
 competitors, and the sterling integrity of its 
 management has made it friends in ever>- cit\- 
 within reasonable access of St. Louis. 
 
 Karly this year Mr. Moffitt was incapacitated 
 from work by a serious illness, from which he 
 recovered sufficienth- to be able to get into har- 
 ness again for a short time. He was soon, 
 however, compelled to give up again, his condi- 
 tion being obviously serious. He spent a short 
 time at a health resort, but finding he gained 
 little .strength he returned to his home at Web- 
 ster Groves, where, despite the most unremitting 
 care he passed away mourned by his business 
 associates and thousands of personal friends. 
 The honorary pall-bearers at his funeral were 
 ex-Cxovernor E. O. Stanard and Messrs. L. B. 
 Tebbetts, George W. Parker, John W. Kauff- 
 man and Sebeca N. Taylor, and a very large 
 number of influential citizens were present. 
 
 In 1878 Mr. Moffitt married Miss Julia Ayton, 
 a daughter of the proprietor of Hotel Beers. 
 Mrs. .Moffitt and a daughter. Miss Nellie, now 
 thirteen years of age, survive him, as also do 
 his widowed mother and four brothers and one 
 sister, all of whom reside in St. Louis. 
 
 When it was first proposed to illuminate the 
 streets of St. Louis during the festivities, Mr. 
 Moffitt became chairman of the illumination 
 committee, and year after year he raised the 
 necessary- subscription to carry out the work. 
 When in 1891 the Autumnal Festivities As.so- 
 ciation was formed, Mr. Moffitt became by 
 unanimous vote chairman of the finance com- 
 mittee, and to his able organization and hard 
 work the unprecedented feat of raising more 
 than half a million dollars in cash for the enter- 
 tainment of strangers and the betterment of the 
 cit\- was largely due. His achievement has 
 never been duplicated, and probably never will. 
 
 .\s a member of the board of Charity Com- 
 missioners his work was equally prominent and 
 valuable, and his death leaves a vacancy on that 
 important body. He was also a member of 
 several clubs, including the Commercial, St. 
 Louis, Noonday and the Mercantile, while his 
 activity on behalf of the business organization 
 known as the Paint, Oil and Drug Club was borne 
 testimony to by a series of resolutions passed at a 
 meeting hastily convened as soon as the sad 
 news of his death had reached the city. 
 
 As a church and Sunday-school worker Mr. 
 Moffitt had few equals. He acted as superin- 
 tendent of different Sunday-schools, the last 
 position of the kind held by him being at the 
 Lindell Avenue Methodist Church. His family 
 residence up to last winter was at 4329 Olive 
 street, whence he moved to his pretty suburban 
 home in Webster Groves. 
 
 .\mong other religious work, Mr. Moffitt was 
 indefatigable in the interests of the Bethel Mis- 
 sion, and his loss will be most severely felt. At 
 a special meeting of the trustees, the following 
 resolutions were unanimously adopted: 
 
 Resoh'ed, We record with sincere sorrow the 
 loss we sustain in Mr. Moffitt's removal from our 
 councils and our labor. Ever ready to perform 
 every good word and work, his zeal and effi- 
 ciency were always an inspiration to his fellow- 
 workers in every line of duty. 
 
 Keso/i'i-d, We extend our deepest sympatln- to 
 his bereaved family, and rejoice with them in 
 that faith which enables us to feel that our tem- 
 poral loss is his eternal gain. 
 
 Resolved, That these resolutions be placed 
 upon the records of our association, and a copy 
 of them presented to his bereaved family as a 
 testimonial of our high appreciation of his ster- 
 ling Christian character. 
 
 The Paint, Oil and Drug Club's resolutions 
 referred to above, were equally impressive. 
 
 BiKBi.NciKK, F'rkdkkick W., SOU of Johu 
 and Elise (Steiger) Biebinger, is a native of 
 Rhenish-Bavaria, where he was born December 
 18, 1831. He received a good education, prin- 
 cipally from the schools of Mannheim, German)-. 
 
216 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 When he was nineteen years old he became 
 possessed with a desire to take advantage of the 
 extended opportnnities offered the yonng man 
 of energy and industry in far-away America. 
 He reached the shores of the United States in 
 1850, and after a preliminary investigation of 
 the country in which he intended to make his 
 home, and a two years' stay in Cleveland, Ohio, 
 he selected St. Louis, which he reached October 
 1, 1.S.52. 
 
 By 1855 he had succeeded so far, that in May 
 of that year he was made teller of the German 
 Savings Institution. This place he held until 
 18G0, and left it to accept the position of cashier 
 in the North St. Louis .Savings Bank, where he 
 remained until l.siU. In that year the Fourth 
 National Bank of St. Louis was organized. An 
 offer was made Mr. Biebinger to become 
 cashier of the new institution, and this office he 
 held from the organization of the bank in the 
 year above mentioned until the death of the 
 president, Mr. John C. H. D. Block, in ISiH. 
 This event created a \'acanc\- which was filled 
 by the election, January 12, LSlt2, of Mr. 
 Biebinger to the presidency, an office he yet 
 holds. 
 
 His wife was Miss Sophie Koch, of this city, 
 to whom he was married August 12, 1854. To 
 the couple eight children were born, six of 
 whom are yet living. They are: Emma, the 
 wife of William H. Dittmann; Elise, the wife of 
 Dr. Robert Ludeking; Adele, now J\Irs. Charles 
 F. Zuko.ski; Oscar L., cashier of the Mallinck- 
 rodt Chemical W'orks, who married Miss Nettie 
 Luthy; W'illiam, teller of the Fourth National 
 Bank, who married Miss Bertha Bodemann, 
 and Ern.st, who is unmarried. All the children 
 live in St. Louis, except Ernst, who is in 
 Mexico. 
 
 ;\Ir. Biebinger's life is an exemplification of 
 what can be achieved by a steady purpose, by 
 industry, honesty and natural ability. He is, in 
 the declining years of his life, generally es- 
 teemed and respected; his judgment in any 
 financial transaction is held to be of high value, 
 and he deserves the high place he occupies at 
 this time in the public confidence. Coming to 
 
 St. Louis in a day when it was of comparatively 
 little financial consequence, he has seen it grow 
 to be the fifth city of the Union, and the most 
 important financial center of the ^Mississippi Val- 
 ley and the West. Through the entire history 
 of its greatest financial growth he has been an 
 active factor, participating in the great panics 
 of 1857, of the war period and of 1873; being 
 closely associated with all the phases of its 
 growth for nearly half a century, his experience 
 has been wide, deep and interesting — an ex- 
 perience that has proved of the highest value to 
 the great moneyed institution of which he is 
 the head. His knowledge of the exact financial 
 standing and worth of the various firms and in- 
 dividuals of this city and the West is of a kind 
 that can be only acquired by time and b}- op- 
 portunity such as he has had. Mr. Biebinger's 
 ability, record and experience entitle him to the 
 admiration and respect that the financiers and 
 capitalists accord him; his character as a man, 
 and his record as a citizen, make him none the 
 less wortlu- of the highest public consideration 
 and regard. 
 
 Crawford, DrG.A.Li), son of James and Janet 
 (Weir) Crawford, was born in Argyleshire, 
 Scotland. He was educated at a preparatory 
 school on the Island of Bute, and when fifteen 
 years of age he became an apprentice in a dry 
 goods store in Glasgow, remaining for four 
 years. A linen draper, as a dry goods man is 
 called in Scotland, does a more limited busi- 
 ness than the house over which Mr. Crawford is 
 now the head, but the sjstem in Scotland estab- 
 lishments is very severe, and the discipline 
 which the man who is now one of the leading 
 dry goods princes of the West underwent in his 
 early life has been of great benefit to him since 
 being in business for himself. After completing 
 his apprenticeship Mr. Crawford secured em- 
 ployment in one of the largest retail establish- 
 ments in Dublin, where he still further enlarged 
 his ideas and knowledge of the business of his 
 choice. His career in the Irish capital was a 
 very successful one, his first work being as 
 salesman, but later when he had attracted the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 217 
 
 attention of his employers to his keenness and 
 discretion, he acted as pnrchaser in some of the 
 leading departments. 
 
 After three years Air. Crawford had a mild 
 attack of home-sickness, and returning to Scot- 
 land secnred a position with Messrs. Arthur & 
 Company, then, as now, the largest wholesale 
 and retail dry goods house in Great Britain. 
 Messrs. Arthur & Company recognized in the 
 young man talent of high order, and unlimited 
 confidence was reposed in him. He could have 
 easih- secured a life 
 position with the 
 house, but he was 
 too ambitious for 
 such a career, and 
 in is:)(; left the old 
 country for Canada, 
 where he located at 
 Toronto and se- 
 cured a position as 
 salesman in the 
 leading dry goods 
 house there. Later 
 he moved to Lon- 
 don, Canada, but in 
 the year 18(54 de- 
 cided to establish 
 himself in St. Louis, 
 whither he accord- 
 ingly came, at once 
 associating himself 
 with C. B. Hubbell, 
 Jr. & Company, re- 
 tail drj' goods deal- 
 ers, as salesman, with wh 
 twelve uionths. 
 
 His next engagement was with liarr, Duncan 
 & Company, as a salesman in the silk depart- 
 ment. He filled this position with marked 
 al)ility for about eighteen months, when he 
 decided to start in business for himself, and 
 accordingly severed his connection with that 
 firm. 
 
 Those who now gaze with admiration on the 
 uiannnoth establishment of Mr. Crawford's on 
 the corner of Franklin avenue and Broadway, 
 
 DUOALD CRAWFORD 
 
 d f<l 
 
 find it difficult to realize that when Mr. Craw- 
 ford opened up business on this corner twenty- 
 five years ago, his store only measured twelve 
 by fourteen feet. From the very first, custom- 
 ers were attracted by the remarkable cheapness 
 of the goods offered for sale. Mr. Crawford's 
 experience in four different coitntries had taught 
 him how to purchase the very best of articles at 
 low prices, and he was able even then to under- 
 sell his rivals to an extent which set their pur- 
 chasers thinking. The career of Crawford & 
 Company during the 
 last quarter of a 
 century has been 
 even more remark- 
 able than the growth 
 ■of the city in which 
 it carried on its 
 business. Eight ad- 
 ditions have Ijeen 
 made as occasion re- 
 quired, and to-dav 
 the establishment is 
 one of the largest 
 retail dry goods 
 houses in the West; 
 while those in anv 
 part of the countrv 
 which equal it in 
 size c o u 1 d b e 
 counted without 
 great effort. Not a 
 brick of the original 
 store is standing, and 
 all that remains to 
 connect the enormous establishment of to-day 
 with the little store of the (ill's is the ability and 
 energy of the men at its head, the high grade of 
 goods kept, the low prices charged for every- 
 thing, and the perfect fairness which character- 
 izes every transaction made. In St. Louis the 
 nan:e of Crawford is a household one; while the 
 volume of business transacted by visitors to the 
 city, and in response to mail orders, is simply 
 astonishing. 
 
 Mr. Crawford is a ty])ical vScotchman, though 
 a loyal American, and a man whose pocket- 
 
2 IS 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 book is always open when called upon to assist 
 in any good work for the betterment of the cit\- 
 or for the relief of the suffering. Among the 
 large number of positions occupied by him, he 
 is vice-president of the Bethel Association; 
 president of the Congregational City Missionary 
 Society; Trustee of Drury College, at vSpring- 
 field, Missouri; president of the Caledonian 
 Society of vSt. Louis, member of the Local 
 Legion of Honor; and an active member of both 
 the St. Louis and Mercantile clubs. 
 
 Mr. Crawford was married in the year i.S(>l 
 to Miss Jane Forsyth, of Aberdeen, Scotland, the 
 ceremony being performed by Rev. Dr. Topp, at 
 Toronto, Canada. He has four children living — 
 John F. and James M., two sons, now assisting 
 their father in the great Broadway Bazaar, and 
 Annie, now Mrs. D. ( ). Hill, of Chicago, and 
 Jessie AL at home. 
 
 Brown, George Warren, was born in (iran- 
 ville, Washington county. New York, on the 
 21st day of March, 1853. He received a com- 
 mercial college education at Troy, New York, 
 after attending the public schools in his town. 
 
 Upon graduating he came to St. Louis, arriv- 
 ing on the 10th day of April, 187;}. His first 
 position was that of shipping clerk for the firm 
 of Hamilton, Brown & Company. After serving 
 only ten months in the house he became travel- 
 ing salesman for them, .starting on the road in 
 the spring of 1874, being then twenty-one years 
 of age and the first traveler to introduce the 
 firm's goods to the western trade. He went out 
 in the face of great disadvantages, as it was just 
 subsequent to the panic of '7H, and he found 
 his goods better adapted to southern than to 
 western trade, but he had the determination to 
 overcome these difficulties and soon deuK)n- 
 strated his value to his employers. 
 
 He soon became impressed with the necessity 
 of manufacturing boots and shoes specially for 
 western trade, and of the advantages of St. Louis 
 as a point for their manufacture, and tried to 
 persuade his employers to begin making goods 
 for this trade, but as they refused to adopt his 
 ideas he, after five \ears' service, resigned and 
 
 taking what money he had saved, with A. L. 
 Bryan and J. B. Desnoyers, organized the firm 
 of Bryan, lirowu &; Company, for the manufact- 
 ure of boots and shoes. The success of the en- 
 terprise was regarded as experimental and doubt- 
 ful by their friends, as nearly one-third of the 
 capital of the firm was put in machiner}*' at the 
 beginning, and all who had attempted the man- 
 ufacturing of shoes in St. Louis up to that time 
 had failed to succeed. The first five men em- 
 ployed in their factory were brought from Roch- 
 ester, New York, and their railroad fare was 
 paid in advance, as an inducement to them to 
 come and make the first Rochester shoes in 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Confronting these seemingly unfavorable pros- 
 pects and conditions, Bryan, Brown & Company 
 was successful from the start; in 1881 the firm 
 was incorporated as Bryan-Brown Shoe Com- 
 pany. In 188a the name of the company was 
 changed to that of Brown-Desno}ers Shoe Com- 
 pany, and again in 189o to The Brown Shoe 
 Company. V^\. Brown has been president of 
 the corporation from its beginning in 1881. 
 This house has over forty traveling salesmen on 
 the road, and is probably now growing more 
 rapidly than any other house of its kind in the 
 country. The building occupied by the firm 
 covers two and one-half acres of floor space, 
 one-half of which is devoted to the manufacture 
 of shoes, and the remainder to store and office 
 purposes. 
 
 To make the statement direct and unequi\'o- 
 cal, their shoe plant, as a w-hole, is the finest 
 and most perfect in the country, and the firm 
 enjoys the distinction of being the father of the 
 shoe manufacturing interest in St. Louis, as it 
 is the oldest successful manufacturing house 
 still in business here; and there is no doubt but 
 that the success of this firm was the key which 
 has opened up the present great shoe manufact- 
 uring enterprises that are now carried on in 
 this cit}', which lias already made it the greatest 
 shoe market in the United States. 
 
 In 188;') Mr. Bi'own was married to ^liss 
 Bettie Bofinger, of St. Louis. He is still a 
 young man. 
 
]Wmm^ 
 
/;/C ^CRAPIIICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 JUDSON, FrEdp:rick Nkwtox, the son of 
 Krederick J. and CatherineT. (Chapelle ) Jiidson, 
 was born in St. Mary's, Georgia, on the 7th of 
 October, 1845. His education was comiileted 
 at Yale College, from which he graduated in the 
 class of 18()(i, receiving the degrees of A.B. and 
 A.M. He then tanght school in New Haven, 
 Connecticut, and afterwards in Nash\-ille, Ten- 
 nessee. He came to St. Louis, and having 
 already applied himself to the study of law, 
 attended the law school and graduated in 1.S71 
 with the degree of 
 LL.l!. 
 
 He next became 
 associated with 
 CiONernor Ciratz B. 
 Brown in the 
 capacit\- of pri\-ate 
 secretary, which 
 office he filled for 
 I 
 
 has been enabled to yield that cause able and 
 valuable service. His first election to member- 
 ship in the Board of Education occurred in 1878, 
 which was followed by re-election in 1879, and 
 lie served continuously until 1882. He twice 
 received deserved recognition at the hands of 
 his associates, l)eing elected to the presidency 
 of the board in 1881, and again in 1882. In 
 1887 he was elected on the board on the general 
 citizens' ticket. For the third time he was 
 elevated to the presidency of that body, serving 
 until 1889. During 
 
 years, prior to 
 his conimencenient 
 of the jM'actice of law 
 in 1X7;') in the city 
 of St. Louis. In 
 l''<74 he formed a 
 partnership with 
 J o s e ]) h T a t u m , 
 inider the firm name 
 (if Tatum X: Judson, 
 which continued fur 
 one year. 
 
 The following 
 Iwo years he was 
 alone in practice, 
 l)ut in 1.S78 fonned 
 John II. Overall, the 
 X; Judson. Tluit bus 
 until ISS 
 
 years spent i 
 r e s p o n s i b 1 
 
 H< 
 
 1 partnership with 
 firm name being ( )\erall 
 iiess association conliuued 
 hen Judge Hough entered the firm 
 the sauu- being changed to Hough, Overall &; 
 Judson. That business association was dis- 
 soKed in 1889, and in the following year Mr. 
 J\idson joined the firm of Valle, Reyburn, Jud- 
 son X: Reyburn. At the eNi)iration of one year 
 that firm dissuhed, and during the year suc- 
 ceeding he continued the practice alone. 
 
 Mr. Jud.son is a great friend of education, and 
 
 the f; 
 
 the 
 this 
 
 position, he was al- 
 ways one of the 
 staunchest advocates 
 of honesty and econ- 
 onu', and a friend of 
 progressive methods 
 in educational 
 affairs. As an in- 
 stance of the high 
 regard in which he 
 is held as a prac- 
 titioner in the com- 
 mercial world, it 
 ma\- be stated that 
 since 18.s;', he has 
 held the responsible 
 position of counsel 
 to the Merchants' 
 Exchange. Since 
 1892 he has held 
 ])osition of lecturer 
 )f the Law .School of 
 
 on evidence 
 Washington Uiii\-ersity. 
 
 On the 1st of Jauuaiy, 1892, he entered into 
 a co-partnership with Mr. Charles S. Taussig in 
 a general practice of the law. Mr. Judson has 
 achieved a reputation and admitted high charac- 
 ter in his practice in the courts of Mis.souri, and 
 enjoys the confidence of the first social and busi- 
 ness circles of St. Louis. He was married to 
 ^liss Jennie Eakin, of Xasluille, Tennessee, a 
 lady of education and refinement, and h\ whom 
 he has one daughter. 
 
220 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 OvKRALL, John Henry, son of Alajor Wilson 
 Lee and Eliza Ann (Williams) Overall, was 
 born in St. Charles connty. ^Missouri, March 2.S, 
 1845. His father was a native of Tennessee, 
 bnt moved into Missouri when a young man, and 
 in 1812 entered the United States army from the 
 latter State. His mother was a very talented 
 lady and a very able newspaper writer, being, 
 in fact, the first lady editress of whom there is 
 any record. She died at St. Joseph, Missouri, 
 in 1880. The subject of this sketch was edu- 
 cated at the University of Missouri, at Columbia, 
 where he graduated with honors in 1865. 
 
 Coming to St. L,ouis he took a course in the 
 Henderson and Stewart Commercial College, 
 and then went to Jefferson City, where he read 
 law with the Hon. E. L. Edwards and after- 
 wards with Henry & Williams, at Macon, Mis- 
 souri, and was admitted to the bar in July, 18()(). 
 Before commencing to j^ractice he entered the 
 law department of Harvard University, where he 
 graduated in 18()7. Returning to St. Louis he 
 spent four months studying court procedure and 
 the statutes and code of the State, and then 
 located in Macon City, Missouri. In 1868 he 
 was elected circuit attorney of the Second Judic- 
 ial District of Missouri, a position he resigned 
 in 1872, in order to accept the position of dean 
 of the law school in connection with the State 
 University, of Columbia. He organized this 
 school successfully, but was compelled to resign 
 the deanship owing to ill health, and was suc- 
 ceeded by Judge Philemon Bliss. 
 
 He remained in Columbia until 1874, and on 
 the death of Fidelo D. Sharp, partner of Colonel 
 James O. Broadhead, he became a member of 
 the firm, continuing a partner of Mr. Broadhead 
 until 1878, when the firm of Overall & Judson 
 was created. On January- 1, 1885, Mr. Hough 
 was taken into the firm, which became known 
 as Hough, Overall & Judson. The co-partner- 
 ship continued for five years, when it was dis- 
 solved and Mr. Overall has been in practice 
 alone ever since. His ability as a lawyer has 
 earned him a reputation throughout the West, 
 and the cases he has handled include some of 
 the most imijortant ever tried in Missouri. 
 
 He was acting \'ice-president of the Board of 
 Police Commissioners for the cit}* of St. I^ouis 
 under Governor Francis' administration, and 
 presided over the majorit}- of the meetings of 
 that board, his colleagues being Messrs. Charles 
 H. Turner, George H. Small, and David W. 
 Caruth. His administration was, throughout 
 fearless and vigorous. The police found in him 
 a friend in every difficulty which had arisen 
 from their determination to carry out the law 
 fearlessly and without favor, while he was ex- 
 tremely- severe in every case where favoritism 
 was shown or duty neglected. In short, Mr. 
 Overall enforced on the police board the same 
 principles of stern justice and honest work 
 that have made his career so famous, and made 
 him such a censiDicuous ornament to the city 
 in which he has resided nearly the whole of his 
 life. 
 
 He is now about forty-seven years of age, in 
 the full enjoyment of health, and in possession 
 of industry and love of work seldom found in 
 any profession, and still less frequently among 
 men who have made their mark in the world, 
 and are so entitled to retirement from active 
 work as the subject of this sketch. His name 
 is regarded with much respect in St. Louis, and 
 is looked upon as a guarantee of the good faith 
 of every enterprise with which it is connected. 
 
 He married in January, 1874, Miss Mary 
 Rollins, daughter of ^lajor James S. Rollins, of 
 Columbia, Alissouri, and has four children liv- 
 ing — Florence, John, .^dele and Sidney. 
 
 Stewart, Ai.piionso Cha.se, was born at Leb- 
 anon, Tennessee, .\ugust27, 1848. Hisparents 
 were Alexander P. and Harriet Byron (Chase) 
 Stewart. His father was a graduate of West 
 Point, and at the beginning of the late civil war 
 entered the Confederate army, with the rank of 
 major of artillery, and was afterwards promoted 
 to the rank of major-general and then to lieu- 
 tenant-general, taking part in the battles that 
 took place in Tennessee and Alabama, and was 
 reckoned a brave and efficient commander. His 
 mother was a relative of Salmon P. Chase, late 
 chief justice of the United States Supreme Court. 
 
M{^^^^r^^J 
 
BIOC.RAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 221 
 
 He was born at the house of Hon. Robert 
 L. Caruthers, one of the most distinguished 
 lawyers and jurists that ever adorned the bar 
 and bench of Tennessee, and who was governor 
 and a judge of the Supreme Court of that State. 
 
 At the age of fourteen years Alphonso C. 
 entered the Confederate arm\-. He afterwards 
 recci\-ed a very thorough education, beginning in 
 the school of Nathaniel Cross, at Edgefield, Ten- 
 nessee, then attending the Alabama Military 
 Institute at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and then 
 entered the Cumberland University, located at 
 his birthplace, graduating therefrom in 1868, 
 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Not yet 
 having attained his majority he could not be 
 admitted to the bar, and remained at the law 
 school of the uni\ersity for another )-ear as a 
 post-graduate, and presided as judge of the uni- 
 versity moot court. 
 
 In ISIill he was admitted to the bar and 
 began the practice of law at Winchester, in 
 partnership with Tobias Turney (Turney & 
 Stewart ) Ijrother of Judge Peter Ttirney, now 
 judge of the Supreme Court of Tennessee. After 
 one year this partnership was dissolved and he 
 continued the practice alone for a year, when at 
 the solicitation of Hon. Sylvanus Evans, a 
 prominent lawyer of Mississippi, who had offices 
 at Meridian and Enterprise, he removed to the 
 latter place and took charge of the legal busi- 
 ness there, but not in equal partnership. At 
 the cud of the first year, however, Mr. Evans 
 offered him an ecjual partnership for the period 
 of fi\-e years, which he accepted. The style of 
 the firm was Evans & Stewart, and it was one 
 of the leading law firms in the State. 
 
 At the expiration of two years this partner- 
 ship was dissolved by mutual consent, and Mr. 
 Stewart came to St Louis and pursued his pro- 
 fession for a year alone, when he formed a part- 
 nership with Hon. Charles King and Judge J. 
 \V. Phillips, under the firm name of King, Phil- 
 lips & Stewart. This partnership ended at the 
 expiration of six months. Mr. Stewart and Judge 
 Phillips then associated themselves together, 
 and did an extensi\-e business in the civil 
 courts, their practice being largely confined to 
 
 the corporation and commercial law. They 
 were the general solicitors for the Texas & St. 
 Louis Railway and the St. Louis, Arkansas & 
 Texas (Cotton Belt) Railway, and counsel for 
 the St. Louis Cotton Compress Company. In 
 connection with their law business they con- 
 ducted a collection department, which did a 
 large business. They represented the first 
 mortgage bondholders in the celebrated Wa- 
 bash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad receivership 
 case, which resulted in the foreclosure and reor- 
 ganization of that corporation. They were also 
 attorney's in the suit in which it was first de- 
 cided by an appellate court in Missouri that a 
 corporation had the right to make a general 
 assignment for the benefit of its creditors. 
 
 The partnership of Phillips & Stewart con- 
 tinued until . November 1, 18')0, when it was 
 reorganized hy the admission of Edward Cun- 
 ningham and Edward C. Elliot, under the firm 
 name of Phillips, Stewart, Cunningham & 
 Elliot. 
 
 When the St. Louis Trust Company was 
 organized in October, ISS'i, Mr. Stewart was 
 made secretary and counsel of the company, and 
 hed both positions until January, 1891, when 
 finding the labor imposed by them too onerous, 
 he resigned the office of secretary. He is still 
 counsel for the company. 
 
 Mr. Stewart is connected in one capacit\- or 
 another, either as attorney, stockholder or 
 director, with the following corporations, 
 besides the St. Louis Trust Company: the St. 
 Louis Cotton Compress Company, the Schultz 
 Belting Company, the Merchants' Life Associ- 
 ation of the United States, the Southwestern 
 Improvement Association, and the Jasper County 
 Electric Power Company. 
 
 Entering upon the active practice of his pro- 
 fession when barely twenty-one years old, his 
 life his since been an exceedingly busy and 
 laborious one, and he has attained a prominence 
 at the bar and in business and financial circles 
 that marks him as a man of unusual ability. He 
 is scholarl)- and refined in his tastes, and devoted 
 to his home and family circle. 
 
 Mr. Stewart was married in Juh', 1873, to 
 
222 
 
 OLD AND NEW Sr. LOUIS. 
 
 Miss Elizabeth Smith, daughter of .Samuel 
 Smith, of Winchester, Tennessee, one of the 
 most prominent and reputable citizens in that 
 section of the State. They have two children — 
 Samuel Smith and Harriet Chase. 
 
 Brockman, Philip. — There are few more 
 popular men in St. Louis than Mr. Philip Brock- 
 man, and fewer still have earned the love and 
 esteem of their fellow-citizens by such disinter- 
 ested generosity. Mr. Brockman is to the front 
 in every movement designed to help the city or 
 any section of its inhabitants, and while he gives 
 freely to all public subscriptions he also gives 
 away thousands of dollars in a quiet manner. 
 
 He is the son of Casper and Christina ( P^bke ) 
 Brockman, and was born on a farm near Osna- 
 bruck, Northern Germany, on March 30, 1X41. 
 He was educated in the public schools near his 
 home, and did some little work in the same 
 locality. The love of liberty and hatred of 
 tyranny was strong, as it is in all men endowed 
 with a virile manhood. His pride of manhood 
 and his knowledge of his natural rights would 
 not permit him to submit to the tyrannical and 
 humiliating military laws of his land, and at 
 the age of nineteen he left it to come to America 
 and map out a career for himself in the New 
 World of promise. While he left Germany, it 
 was not so much to escape military service as to 
 preserve his natural rights, and this is evinced 
 by the fact that he was one of the first to volun- 
 teer on the breaking out of the rebellion. He 
 landed at New Orleans, November 2S, isiio, 
 proceeded almost immediately to St. Louis, and 
 enlisted in the Fourth Missouri Cavalr\-. f^ater 
 he joined the Second Missouri Artillery. 
 
 He served until LS()4:, when he finally broke 
 down from exposure and privation and was mus- 
 tered out. He returned to St. Louis, and on 
 his health being restored he went to Rollers' 
 Commercial College, where he took a full course 
 in mercantile tuition. On leaving school he 
 secured a position as book-keeper for Sylvester 
 Freeman, in the wholesale grocery business. He 
 remained with Mr. P'reeman for one year, and 
 on that gentleman selling out he became book- 
 
 keeper and cashier for ^Messrs. Teichman & 
 Companv, for whom he worked faithfully and 
 zealously for fourteen years. In l.STH he started 
 in business for himself, established the firm of 
 Brockman & Company, and did a large and pros- 
 perous commission business until the year 18iiO, 
 when it was deemed advisable to incorporate 
 the firm, which became known as the Brock- 
 man Commission Company. 
 
 The company does a very large business in 
 general commission work, making a specialty of 
 all kinds of grain, and more especially barley, 
 the firm handling more barley than any other 
 commission house in the West. It is also inter- 
 ested in a large number of elevators in Ne- 
 braska, on the Union Pacific Railroad, and 
 receives enormous shipments of grain from these 
 points from time to time. Parth- in connection 
 with his business, and partly in pleasure, ]\Ir. 
 Brockman has traveled very extensively, having 
 visited all the leading points of Europe. 
 
 ]Mr. Brockman is a member of the ^Merchants' 
 Exchange, having been admitted to membership 
 in 1879. He served on the Board of Directors 
 during the year l.SilO-!tl, and in the former year 
 was nominated for the presidency-, but resisted 
 strong pressure and declined to serve, preferring 
 to devote his whole attention to the business of 
 his house, and to give a loyal support to any 
 member of the Exchange who might receive a 
 majority of the votes. He has taken a prom- 
 inent part in the policy of the P^xchange, and 
 was a leader in the movement which succeeded in 
 defeating the proposition to purchase the Plant- 
 ers' House site for a new Exchange building. 
 
 Mr. Brockman is a member of the Legion of 
 Honor, and also of the Blair Post, G. A. R. 
 He is a \ery ]o\-al Unionist, and is highly re- 
 spected b\' those who fought with him in de- 
 fense of the Union, thirty years ago. He is also 
 connected with the Royal Arcanum, Lieder- 
 kranz, the Odd Fellows, and Fair Grounds Club, 
 and director in the Chemical National Bank. 
 
 He married, ;\Iarch 4, l!S(i!l, Miss Emma 
 Rhode, of St. Louis, and has had seven chil- 
 dren, five of which are living, the oldest of 
 whom, Arthur, is secretarv and treasurer of the 
 
DH GRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 :oiiiinission company established ])y his father. 
 \nother son, William H., died November 1, 
 1892, while in charge of the Omaha branch 
 jf the Brockman Commission Company, and 
 he other children are Annie, Nellie and Philip. 
 
 CtKi.swoi.I), J. L., son of William I), and 
 Maria (Lancaster) Griswold, was born in Ken- 
 lucky in 1<S4;), and was reared in Terre Haute, 
 [ndiana, where his father had settled in 1837, 
 md was the law partner of J. P. Usher, Secre- 
 :ary of the Interior 
 inder Abraham Lin- 
 :oln. Mr. Griswold, 
 ?ir., then went into 
 railroad building and 
 afterwards in the 
 management of 
 same. J. L. Gris- 
 wold attended col- 
 lege at Williston 
 Seminary, East 
 Hampton, ]\Iassa- 
 chusetts, completing 
 his education and 
 returning home in 
 the year lisiil, just 
 after the breaking 
 out of the war. His 
 father was at that 
 time president of the 
 St. Louis, Alton & 
 Terre Haute Rail- 
 road, and yoting 
 Griswold went into 
 his office to learn the business. 
 a portion of the " P.ig Four" 
 the reorganization, in l.S(i4, M 
 became j^resideut of the ()hi 
 Railroad. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was appointed by 
 his father, jiay-master of the road, and he held 
 the position until he attracted attention to his 
 obvious ability, when he was appointed super- 
 intendent of the western division extending from 
 Vincennes, Indiana, to Kast St. Louis. He 
 filled the position so well and inaugurated so 
 
 The road 
 svstem, a 
 
 X: Missi 
 
 Sr., 
 ^ippi 
 
 many reforms, that he was shortly afterwards 
 elected by the board of directors, general super- 
 intendent of the entire road, occupying the posi- 
 tion for four years. The gauge of the Ohio & 
 Mississippi road was at that time six feet wide, 
 and it was during Mr. Griswold's administration 
 that the gauge was changed to standard gauge, 
 the \er}- difficult work of completing the change 
 without suspending traffic being completed in 
 July, 1871. Railroad men were unanimous in 
 their praise of Mr. Ciriswold for the able manner 
 i n w h i c h he ha d 
 arranged this mat- 
 ter, and he was 
 warmly congratu- 
 lated by the direct- 
 ors at the time, the 
 entire change of 
 track on the line 
 between St. Louis 
 and Cincinnati hav- 
 ing been completed 
 in the marvelously 
 short time of eight 
 hours, a distance of 
 340 miles. 
 
 Retiring from rail- 
 road work he asso- 
 ciated himself with 
 Mr. H. S. Clement 
 and Mr. Charles 
 Scudder, and leased 
 the Lindell Hotel, 
 which was furnished 
 in high style and 
 issi, Mr. Griswold 
 nterest in the Lin- 
 Mr. Henry Ames, 
 Hotel, the real 
 
 June 
 his 
 
 )pened in IS 74. 
 
 ilso retired, se 
 
 lell to :\Ir. Scudder and 
 
 ind purchased the Laclede 
 
 estate becoming his own property. He has 
 since devoted ten of the best years of his 
 life to improving and beautifying the hotel. 
 He has laid out upwards of $8"),(K)(), with the 
 result that the Laclede is now among the most 
 popular ho.stelries of the West, and one of the 
 best hotels in St. Louis. Mr. Griswold attrib- 
 utes nuich of the popularitv of the hotel to the 
 
224 
 
 OLD AND NEW Sr. LOUIS. 
 
 faithfulness and hard work of his very popular 
 business associates, Mr. Wesley Austin and Mr. 
 Alex. C. Howard. In addition to this hotel 
 enterprise Mr. Griswold has been connected with 
 several local enterprises. He is a shrewd and 
 careful buyer of real estate, and some of his 
 investments have been highly successful. 
 
 He married in the year 1875 Miss Emih- W. 
 Adae, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and has one daughter. 
 Miss Nellie Griswold. 
 
 LiONBERGER, John R. — "The evil that men 
 do lives after them," weare told, with the cynical 
 addendum that "the good is oft interred in their 
 graves." Fortunately, there are many and no- 
 table exceptions to this unfortunate rule, and one 
 of these will be found in the case of Mr. John R. 
 Lionberger, whose long and useful career was 
 terminated by death shortly before this work 
 went to press. During the last thirty years he 
 was identified with important enterprises of 
 almost every description, and for upwards of a 
 quarter of a century he was a power for good in 
 St. lyouis in an immense variety of ways. 
 When the grave closed over his mortal remains 
 on ]\Iay 20, 18ii4, it could not possibly efface 
 either the memory of his example, or the influ- 
 ence of his enterprise and honest work. 
 
 He died a very wealthy man, but he was never 
 a money-hoarder. When approached for a sub- 
 scription to any good cause, he reached promptly 
 for his check-book, and it is believed that his 
 annual contributions to charitable movements 
 approximated, if they did not exceed, $25,000. 
 Most of his wealth was invested in and around 
 St. Louis, and, indeed, much of it was the result 
 of his promptness to realize that the St. Louis of 
 before the war was but the nucleus for a great 
 metropolitan city. 
 
 John Robert Lionberger was born in \"\x- 
 ginia, on August 29, 182SI. His father was 
 descended from a well-known German family, 
 and his mother belonged to an English-Scotch 
 family which stood high in Virginia. When 
 the subject of this sketch was but eight years of 
 age his parents moved west, locating in Boon- 
 ville. Cooper county, this State. After attend- 
 
 ing the local common schools, John Rober 
 entered Kemper's Academy in the town of hi 
 jjarents' adoption, and subsequently took a clas 
 sical course at the State University at Columbia 
 Leaving college well equipped for a professiona 
 career, he preferred to follow in the footsteps o 
 his father, who was a successful merchant, an( 
 for some years he was engaged in business ii 
 Boonville. 
 
 For a time the Cooper county trade was satis 
 factory, but feeling that he was capable of bette 
 things he decided to move to the leading cit; 
 in the State, and five or six years before the out 
 break of the war he moved to St. Louis, wit] 
 which he was connected for nearly forty jears 
 In 1855, almost immediately on his arrival here 
 he established the wholesale boot and shoe hous 
 of Lionberger & Shields, on Main street. Th 
 partnership lasted about two years, when .Mr 
 Lionberger purchased the interest of Mr. Shield 
 and for some time managed the business as sol 
 proprietor, under the style of John R. Lionberger 
 Subsequently junior partners were admitted, aui 
 the firm became known as J. R. Lionberger i. 
 Company, under which title it flourished uuti 
 18(j7,when he retired, lea\ing to his associates 
 well-established and prosperous trade, and havini 
 made for himself a fortune and reputation fo 
 rectitude and business sagacity of which a ma: 
 of twice his age might well have been proud. 
 
 If his original intention in retiring was to res 
 from his labors, the idea was speedily aban 
 doned, for he at once became actively connects 
 Avith errterprises of great public importance aui 
 promising much to the city. All the grea 
 projects for the past twenty-five years had hi 
 earnest and energetic support. He was alway 
 to the front in developing the transportatio: 
 system of St. Louis, and was especially promi 
 rrerrt in the affairs of what was then known a 
 the North Missouri Railroad. When the fortune 
 of that road were at a low ebb, the compan; 
 with which he was identified took over the roai 
 and completed it to Kansas City and the low; 
 State line. If he did not actually suggest th- 
 building of the big bridge, he was among th 
 first to subscribe freely to the project, and th 
 
Ilh )GRArilR AL APPKXniX. 
 
 ;il)S()lute necessity of a Ijiidsje coiiiicctiui;- the 
 Missouri and Illinois banks of the Mississippi 
 was a subject of never-flagging interest to liim. 
 When all hope of constructing the great high- 
 way across the river was apparently abandoned 
 lie injected new life into the enterprise, and 
 rejoiced heartily when it was completed and the 
 bridge formally declared open for traffic. 
 
 Mr. Lionberger was one of the organizers of 
 .he old Southern Bank, and was for many j'ears 
 ts vice-president. In 18()4 this bank became 
 ;he Third Xational, and three yeiirs later he 
 became its president. In 1S7B he visited 
 Europe in search of rest and change, and rcturn- 
 ng in 1878 he retired fronr the presidency, but 
 consented to act as vice-president. Four years 
 ater, after twenty-five years connected with the 
 3ank, he retired, leaving the active work in the 
 lands of younger men. He was also one of the 
 :hief promoters of the wSt. Louis Safe Deposit 
 lud Trust Company, now the Safe Deposit and 
 5aviugs Bank, and was a director and large 
 itockholder in this corporation when he died. 
 fie had similar relations with the Merchants' 
 ■Rational Bank, as well as being an extensive 
 lolder of Bell Telephone stock, and for a iium- 
 )er of years had served that company as vice- 
 iresident. 
 
 Altogether, Mr. Lionberger was connected 
 vith about eighty prominent companies during 
 lis business career, serving on the board of 
 nost of them. It is impossible to enumerate 
 dl of these, but some of the most important 
 uust be mentioned. He was a large stock- 
 lolder in the Missouri Railroad Company ( the 
 jlive street cable), vice-president of the old 
 •it. Louis Gaslight Company, and jiresident of 
 he Carondelet Gas Company, and for t\veiit\' 
 .•ears president of the People's Railway Com- 
 sanj- (the Fourth street cable), resigning that 
 position in 1S.S4. 
 
 He reorganized the Union Depot Kle\ator 
 Company, and was its president until l^>!S!i, 
 ibout which time he became identified with the 
 Ignited F'levator Company, and was a director 
 n tlial comiiaiu- at the time of his death. In 
 ulditiciu tn these local lR)ldiii<'s, he was a lar^c 
 
 owner of Granite ^lounlain stock when that com- 
 pany was at the height of its prosperity, and alsn 
 of Hope mining stock. When he sold out his 
 mining shares he invested heavily in water- works 
 plants at Atchison and Wichita, Kansas, and 
 Fort Worth, Texas. Large interests in these 
 ]ilants will lie in\-eiitoried in liis estate, as well 
 as considerable of the stock of the Montana Cat- 
 tle Company, in the Ycllo\vstt)ne country, of 
 which he was president at the time of his death. 
 His St. I/Ouis realty alone was \-alued at nearh- 
 half a million dollars. 
 
 Mr. Lionberger was the first president of the 
 vSt. Louis Clearing House, and a director of the 
 Chamber of Commerce Association of St. Louis, 
 and a member of the building committee whicli 
 supervised the erection of the Merchants' Ex- 
 change. He was also a member of the Board of 
 Trade, and served it in iiiany honorable and 
 useful capacities. 
 
 Until 1891, uo amount of hard work affected 
 the robust constitution of this mercantile and 
 commercial leader, but during that and the fol- 
 lowing year he visibly lost strength. In De- 
 cember, 1892, he suffered a general nervous 
 breakdown, complicated by functional derange- 
 iiients which refused to yield to the most careful 
 attention and medical skill. Diabetes was as- 
 cribed as the immediate cause f)f death. 
 
 Ill 18.")2 ;\Ir. Lionlierger married Miss Marga- 
 ret M. Clarkson, of Columbia. Four children 
 survive Mr. Lionberger, whose estimable wife 
 died in 1882, since which time he has resided 
 in his Vandeventer place home with his daugh- 
 ter. Miss Mary. His other daughters are Mrs. 
 John D. Davis and Mrs. Henry S. Potter, and 
 his son, Mr. Isaac Lionberger, is also a resident 
 of St. Louis. 
 
 Several bodies passed resolutions of respect 
 for the decea.sed, and the following extract from 
 the minutes of the ^lerchants' National Bank 
 may be quoted as but a sample of many 
 others: 
 
 Whkrkas, Death has removed from our lioanl 
 our honored fellow-member, Mr. John R. Lion- 
 berger, and has teniiinaled tlie iik-asant associ- 
 ation which we enjoyed with him; and. 
 
22fi 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Whereas, We desire to put on record this 
 memorial of the esteem and warm regard in 
 which we held him; therefore, be it 
 
 Resolved., That the board of directors of the 
 Merchants' National Bank recognized in Mr. 
 Lrionberger a man of exceptional usefulness to 
 this community. He was a man who loved 
 business for the sake of business, and not with 
 exclusive regard to the profits accruing from it. 
 From such men are made merchant princes. 
 He was distinguished for his uniform courtesy 
 and gentlemanly bearing, and for a kindness 
 which was particularly evinced to the young and 
 friendless; and, lastly, he was a citizen who 
 promptly responded to the calls of public duty, 
 and to all efforts for the promotion of enter- 
 prises which redounded to the benefit of the 
 city, and was always ready to meet the demands 
 of private charity. Be it further 
 
 Resolved., That this board shall attend the 
 funeral in a body as a mark of our respect for 
 his memory. 
 
 West, Thoaias H., president of the St. Louis 
 Trust Company, was born in Henderson county, 
 Tennessee, in July, 184(i, and is therefore in the 
 prime of a vigorous manhood. His chief inherit- 
 ance was the sterling worth of an ancestry of 
 strong characters and courageous energy. His 
 father, John West, was a prominent and hon- 
 ored citizen of that locality, and his mother, 
 Martha ( Ashcraft ) reared him in the principles 
 of integrity and generous notions. His educa- 
 tion was acquired in his native State, and at the 
 age of nineteen years he removed from Ten- 
 nessee. Soon after, he located in Louisville, 
 Kentucky, where he secured a position in a 
 wholesale dry goods house as traveling salesman. 
 
 After an experience of four years in that busi- 
 ness, he bought an interest in a hardware house, 
 in which he continued for about two years. 
 About that time his father, who had been en- 
 gaged in the cotton business, died, and the sub- 
 ject of this sketch became his successor. So, 
 in l-STO, he removed to Mobile, Alabama, where 
 he continued in the business of handling cotton 
 until ISSO; having, in the meantime, opened 
 
 a branch house in New Orleans, Louisiana. 
 He was compelled to leave Mobile on account 
 of the fever epidemic of 1880, and coming tu 
 St. Louis, established himself in business in 
 this city. Branch houses, however, were con- 
 tinued at Mobile, under the firm name of Allen, 
 Bush &. West, and in New Orleans under the 
 name of Allen, West & Bush, being subse- 
 quently incorporated as the Allen-West Com- 
 mission Company. 
 
 In October, 188!», the St. Louis Trust Com- 
 pany was organized and incorporated, upon a 
 capitalized basis of $2,5()(),0()(), which has since 
 been increased until it now has a capital of 
 $;}, 000, ()()(), and its stock selling at par with 
 only fifty per cent paid in. At the request of 
 the directors, ]\Ir. West accepted the presidency 
 of that great institution. Since that time he 
 has given nearh' his entire attention to its 
 management. Associated with him, as direct- 
 ors, are the following well-known gentlemen, 
 who constitute one of the strongest combinations 
 in the country: John T. Davis, Daniel Catlin, 
 Samuel W. Fordyce, Adolphus Busch, Henry 
 C. Haarstick, William L. Huse, Charles D. 
 McLnre, Alvah IMansur, Edward vS. Rowse. 
 John A. Scudder, Edward S. Whitaker, E. C. 
 Simmons, E. O. Stanard and J. C. Van Blarcom. 
 
 The company is officered as follows: Thomas 
 H. West, president; Henry C. Haarstick, first 
 vice-president; Jno. A. Scudder, second vice- 
 president; John D. Filley, secretary, and A. C. 
 Stewart, counsel. John T. Davis, Sr. , was first 
 \ice-president up to the time of his death. 
 
 vSuch are the interesting and leading features 
 of an active, useful life that is being rounded 
 out to an honorable career as a portion of the 
 commercial and financial history of St. I^ouis. 
 
 Bacon, Williamson', president of the Tyler 
 estate, and also a director of the ^Mississippi 
 \'alley Trust Company, is one of the reliable 
 mercantile leaders of St. Louis. For the last 
 ten or twelve years his realty interests in this 
 city have been enormous and he has so attended 
 to them as to greath' enhance their value and 
 revenue producing (jualities. He is looked upon 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 227 
 
 y tlie local coniinercial wurkl as an e.\cei)tion- 
 lly safe man, and his advice is sought very 
 •eely when important questions arise needing- 
 ronipt action. Mr. Bacon fortunately coni- 
 iues energy with conservatism, and hence, while 
 e is always ready to engage in a new venture, 
 e seldom becomes identified with anything that 
 oes not prove exceptionally profitable. 
 
 Like so many Missourians, Mr. Bacon claims 
 lentucky as his native State. His father, Mr. 
 harles P. Bacon, and his mother, Mrs. Caroline 
 Castleman) Bacon, 
 ere both members 
 f well-known blue- I 
 
 rass State families, 
 lid the subject of 
 lis sketch was born 
 1 Louisville on Xo- 
 ember 2.5, l.s;{7. 
 [e attended the 
 rouisville schools for 
 3me years and then 
 ntered Shelby Col- 
 e g e , Kentucky, 
 'here he received a 
 ery high-class edu- 
 ation, which has 
 roved of great value 
 3 him in conducting 
 he very important 
 nancial trail sac- 
 ions which have 
 leen entrusted to 
 lim with so much 
 onfidence. 
 
 When twenty-three years of age Mr. Bacon 
 ■stablished himself in Louisville as a wholesale 
 jrocer. He met with success from the start, 
 )ut soon realized that the Kentucky city did 
 lot, especially at that time, offer sufficient in- 
 
 /-^ 
 
 lucements in the way of trade connections and 
 acilities for a business of the magnitude he pro- 
 posed conducting. Like all southern cities, 
 [youisville suffered from the uncertainty caused 
 ly the war, and by the interference with trade sissippi Valley Trust Company, forming 
 'rom northern States. Feeling that this bin- ber of one of the wealthiest and most 
 bailee might have serious results, Mr. Bacon de- boards ever elected by stockholders in : 
 
 cided to move to New York, and in ISdH he 
 established himself as a coffee trader in the me- 
 tropolis of the United States. His business 
 grew very rapidly, but he gradually abandoned 
 the coffee trade in favor of stocks and bonds, 
 and in l.S.SO his business in this line became ex- 
 ceedingly large. 
 
 Shortly afterwards circunistances led to his 
 locating in St. Louis, an event of great impor- 
 tance to the city, and one which business and 
 real estate men heralded with no little sati.s- 
 faction. In 18(5 1, 
 shortly after his first 
 entering into busi- 
 ness, Mr. Bacon had 
 married Miss Alice 
 Tyler, daughter of 
 Mr. Robert and Mrs. 
 Mary L. Tyler, and 
 he thus became in- 
 terested in the great 
 Tyler estate. On the 
 death of Captain Si- 
 las Bent he was urged 
 to take chargeof this 
 estate, and he finally 
 consented to relin- 
 cjuish his New York 
 business and do as 
 desired. 
 
 Oil arri\-ing at vSt. 
 Louis he organized 
 the Tyler estate into 
 a corporation, of 
 which he became 
 president. The wa>- in which he has managed 
 the estate and conducted the affairs of the com- 
 pany is beyond criticism; and among other 
 results of his adniinistration, the placing on the 
 market of a large quantity of eligible building 
 sites may be specialK' mentioned. He has not, 
 however, confined his entire attention to this 
 estate, engrossing as its cares have been. .\s 
 alreadv mentioned, he is a director in the Mis- 
 
 WILLIAMSON BACON. 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 poratioii. He is also a director in the Crystal 
 Plate Glass Company, one of the largest glass 
 concerns in the world, and in addition has taken 
 great interest in the development of the town of 
 Madison, Illinois, being a director and large 
 stockholder in both the Madison Car Company 
 and the Madison Equipment Company. 
 
 Mr. Bacon is now in his fifty-seventh year 
 and in the enjoyment of excellent health. 
 Manv years of usefulness are still before him, 
 and in the development of vSt. Louis in the 
 early future he is certain to take a very prom- 
 inent part. 
 
 Mr. Bacon has been a student almost all his 
 life. After leaving college he continued his 
 education for some years by private stnd\-, and 
 he is an exceptionally well-informed man. 
 
 Stkedman, Dr. I. Ci. W., is a native of .South 
 Carolina, and was born in Lexington county of 
 that State, in the year 1835. High courage, 
 great strength of character and strong and sound 
 native mental faculties, are marked characteris- 
 tics of Dr. Steedman, and indeed of all his family 
 and ancestors. His high qualities as a soldier, 
 citizen, and scholar, have been rightly inherited 
 from his ancestors, who, under General Wash- 
 ington, Hampton, vSumter, and Marion, fonght 
 for and assisted in establishing the freedom of 
 the .Vmerican colonies. These ancestors were 
 of the best blood of South Carolina; and his 
 immediate living relatives have all done their 
 share toward maintaining the famih' reputation, 
 and are all men who have well performed their 
 every duty in life. The Steedman blood had a 
 war-like tendency, and several of these made 
 good records as soldiers. 
 
 At the age of seventeen, after a thorough 
 academic training in the lower schools, the 
 subject of this sketch in IS.'i^ entered the South 
 Carolina Military Academy, on whose register 
 the names of no less than six members of the 
 Steedman family are enrolled. Of these were 
 Colonel J. J\L Steedman, who was a double first 
 cousin to our subject, wdio was a graduate of 
 1854, and who served gallantly in the army of 
 Northern Virginia throughout the war, escaping 
 
 death and injury in battle to be finally assas- 
 sinated by negroes at his home in Lexington. 
 Captain S. D. Steedman, a brother of the Doctor, 
 was a graduate of the class of 18(52, was adju- 
 tant to the close of the war of the First Alabama 
 Regiment, shared two years' imprisonment with 
 his brother, is now a resident of Texas and has 
 recently been judge of the Grayson county, 
 Texas, court. Another brother was Lieutenant 
 N. W. Steedman, who graduated in the class of 
 lf><>4, who was a lieutenant in the Confederate 
 ser\ice up to the close of the war, and after 
 peace was declared took up his residence in 
 Grayson county, Texas, where he died about 
 1885. Furthermore, two younger brothers are 
 undergraduates of the academy, having served 
 a cadetship of one and two years, respectively. 
 Dr. vSteedman's father, Reuben Steedman, was 
 born in Lexington, South Carolina; his mother, 
 Elizabeth Fox, is a native of the same place; 
 they are both living at ripe old ages, and .resi- 
 dents of Texas for twenty years past. 
 
 Having determined to adopt the practice of 
 medicine as a profession, after his graduation 
 from the South Carolina Military Academy, in 
 l'S5(i, he entered the South Carolina ^Medical 
 College, at Charleston, where he took his first 
 course. His next step was to go to NewOrleans, 
 where he took two additional courses at the med- 
 ical colleges and received his diploma from the 
 Medical Department of the University of Louisi- 
 ana. Having graduated in 185J), he at once be- 
 gan the active practice of medicine and surgery 
 in Wilcox county, Alabama, in the heart of the 
 C(_)tton l.)elt. His practice had only fairly been 
 started when it was broken xip by the civil war. 
 
 Dr. Steedman's sympathies were with the 
 South, and he soon determined to activeh' es- 
 pouse her cause. He relinquished his practice, 
 raised a company of one hundred young men, 
 and this was the beginning of a most interesting 
 military career. Of this company he was at 
 once made captain, and offering his services to 
 the Confederate army, with his company was 
 ordered to Barrancas barracks, on Pensacola Bay, 
 Florida. He was soon made colonel of the 
 First Regiment Alabama Volunteers, and as 
 
cy 
 
lUOCRAPiriCAL APPF.XniX. 
 
 ■;ucli liad coiiniiaiul of Fort Uarraucas duriu<^ 
 18(31-1)2, within which time it witlistood two 
 bombardments from Fort Pickens and the F\-d- 
 ;ral navy. In l.S()2 the F'irst Alabama was re- 
 :ruited to its full strength — 1,000 men, and in 
 March of that year was ordered to Island No. 
 m, Mississippi river, to support the left flank 
 )f the Shiloh army. The reijiment was placed 
 .11 charge of the heavy batteries on the ri\-er- 
 lanks, where for six weeks it withstood a hea\-\- 
 jombardment from the Federal army and gun- 
 joats, and then was compelled to surrender. 
 I^olonel Steedman, suffering with a double pneu- 
 iionia, was put aboard a steamer and taken to 
 3t. Louis and put in prison in IMcDoweirs Col- 
 ege, Gratiot street. In I\Ia\-, 1<S()2, he had so 
 'ar recovered that he was able to be transferred 
 :o the prison at Camp Chase, near Columl)us, 
 3hio. He was given parole to the limits of 
 Columbus, and after a few months was sent to 
 fohnson's Lsland in Lake Erie, where, acting on 
 he request of the 3,200 officers there imprisoned, 
 Dr. Steedman was by the Federal authorities, 
 jlaced in charge of the hospital within the 
 jrisoii walls. After stay of fotir months at 
 [ohnson's Island, Colonel Steedman was ex- 
 changed at Vicksburg in October, 18()2. By 
 he end of the following month had recruited his 
 )ld regiment to a thousand men, and was placed 
 n command of the left wing of the fortifications 
 it Port Hudson, on the Mississippi river, and 
 lere he participated in the midnight bombard- 
 nent that took place when Farragut's fleet at- 
 empted to pass the fortifications. In May, 
 18(;o, the siege of Port Hudson began, and con- 
 ;inued until July 8, when the garrison, reduced 
 jy death, w-ounds, sickness and starvation, from 
 ^,000 to only 3,000 efficient men, surrendered to 
 50,000. Colonel Steedman, again taken ])ris- 
 iner, spent the balance of the war in no less 
 han ten Federal prisons. As the Federal au- 
 ;horities had stopped the exchange of prisoners, 
 le was not released until June 2cS, I si;."), at F\)rt 
 Delaware. Colonel Steedman had llien been in 
 ;he army four years and four nioiUhs, two years 
 iiul a half of which he had spent in ]irisoii. 
 He had never recei\-ecl leave of absence during 
 
 this time, and his protracted imprisonment alone 
 pre\'ented the promotion which hedeser\ed, and 
 which he certainly would ha\e recei\-ed could 
 he have been exchanged. 
 
 Although it was as a prisoner of war that Colonel 
 Steedman got his first view of St. Louis, he was 
 \ery favorably impressed with the city. One 
 factor of this favorable impression was a \oung 
 lady whom he first met while a prisoner. She was 
 Miss Dora Harrison, daughter of James Harrison, 
 who lived opjjosite the old McDowell Medical 
 College, situated on the northeast corner of 
 Eighth and Gratiot streets, and which had been 
 turned into a military prison. Miss Harrison 
 and family administered to the wants of the 
 prisoners then confined in the old college. After 
 his final parole from F'ort Delaware he again 
 visited ,St. Louis a free man, andiuOctober, 18().5, 
 he and Miss Harrison were married. He then 
 determined to make St. Louis his home, and 
 here in 186(i he again assumed citizenship and 
 resumed the practice of medicine. In this he 
 was successful. In 1880 he concluded to retire 
 from practice and devote his time to his growing 
 business investments. In order to more readily 
 break away from his practice, he and his family 
 visited Europe, remaining abroad a year, put- 
 ting his three young sons in school in Paris. 
 
 Since his return in 1881 he has devoted much 
 of his time to business investments, and he is a 
 I)usy man of affairs, and as stockholder, director, 
 or officer, he is interested in a number of l)usiness 
 enterprises. One thing to which he devotes 
 special study is the development of electric 
 traction and locomotion, which he wisely con- 
 siders pregnant with great possibilities. Not- 
 withstanding his other duties, the Doctor finds 
 much time to devote to scientific research, and 
 has never ceased to be an enthusiastic student. 
 He has a taste for the natural sciences, and has 
 an eight-inch reflecting telescope mounted on 
 top of his residence. He takes a deep interest 
 in the work of the ^Missouri Fish Commission, 
 and was its chairman for eight years, but resigned 
 in bssii. The breadth and liberality of his mind 
 are constantly e.xhibited, and in no more strik- 
 ing manner than the friendship he has mani- 
 
230 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOIUS. 
 
 fested ill higher education. He has shown this 
 belief practically by the excellent manual train- 
 ing and university education he has given to 
 his three sons. Although he has given up 
 active practice he is a member of several of the 
 medical societies and keeps in constant touch 
 with the advance of medical science. And 
 finally, it may with truth be said of Dr. Steed- 
 man that as a soldier his career has been dis- 
 tinguished by courage; that as a physician he 
 was skillful; that as a citizen he is a benefactor 
 of his fellow-men; as a scholar his learning is 
 profound; the whole crowned with the fruitage 
 of honorable success in life. 
 
 Williams, Eugene F., the vice-president of 
 the Hainilton-Browu Shoe Company, has a rec- 
 ord that is an encouragement to any aspiring 
 young man who means to win success in busi- 
 ness pursuits, and a biography which, although 
 brief, may be read with profit, showing, as it 
 does, what pluck, industry and brains will ac- 
 complish. Mr. Williams started out on his 
 commercial career as a clerk in a store carrying 
 a stock of general merchandise, at Savannah, 
 Tennessee, at the munificent salary of fifty dol- 
 lars per year, or less than a dollar per week. 
 Although the salary was so small, he did his 
 work as well and faithfully as though he were 
 receiving the best of wages. In fact, he did his 
 best; and that inclination and power to apply 
 all his energies to the accomplishment of every 
 enterprise he undertakes, is the key-note of his 
 success. 
 
 Air. Williams is the son of Benjamin F. and 
 Mary F. (Garner) Williams, and was born in 
 Lowden county, Mississippi, April ti, 1851. He 
 received a public school education from the 
 school at Siloam, ]\Iississippi, and at sixteen 
 years of age accepted the situation above men- 
 tioned in the store at Savannah, Tennessee. 
 Here he remained just a }ear, and then con- 
 cluded that his services were worth more than one 
 dollar per week, and he accordingly resigned his 
 position and returned to Lowden county, Mis- 
 sissippi, where he .secured a clerkship in a dry 
 goods store. Here he remained for three years, 
 
 applying himself assiduously to the work of 
 gaining the mercantile experience he so much 
 needed. Ambition, as well as industry, was 
 always one of his marked characteristics, and at 
 the end of the three years he determined to seek 
 a wider field of labor. He accordingly came to 
 St. Louis. The first position he secured was 
 with Hamilton & Brown, which then (about 
 1872) was comparatively small, and had not at- 
 tained the present immense proportions of its 
 successor, as one of the largest shoe manufact- 
 uring concerns in the world. Their ability to 
 properly estimate men, as well as measures, has 
 been a large element of Hamilton & Brown's suc- 
 cess, and as they shrewdly saw at once the young 
 Mississippian's commercial worth, they gave 
 him a line of samples and sent him out on the 
 road. 
 
 Almost the first trip demonstrated that his 
 emplo\ers had not been mistaken in their esti- 
 mate of him. Possessed of an excellent address 
 and an affable manner, he showed himself admi- 
 rably adapted to this line of business, and during 
 the time he was on the road succeeded in greatly 
 extending the connections of the house. In 
 fact, he proved himself of such marked value to 
 the house, that after four years' service on the 
 road he was admitted to an interest in the firm, 
 which then became Hamilton, Brown (SiCompany. 
 In December, 1888, it was incorporated as the 
 Hamilton-Brown Shoe Company, and Mr. Will- 
 iams was elected vice-president. Considering 
 his youth, this action was a compliment of a 
 high order to his abilities, and without j^rece- 
 deut in the wholesale shoe trade of the city, but 
 it was a step that the firm has never found rea- 
 son to regret, for the other members of the house 
 take pleasure acknowledging that his connec- 
 tion was quite an acquisition to the business, 
 and that the standing and success of the house 
 to-da\' is largely due to his industry and keen 
 business ability. 
 
 Although young in years, his judgment and 
 powers are fully matured, and he is to-daj- a 
 man of high standing and influence in the com- 
 munity, and a man who is looked upon with 
 respect, and whose word has weight and au- 
 
BIOdRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 231 
 
 lority. Sucli men are in great dcnuuid on 
 le directory of varions companies and other 
 ■ganizations. Besides l^eing vice-president of 
 le Hamilton-Brown Shoe Company, he is vice- 
 resident of the National Bank of the Republic, 
 id a director in several other mercantile com- 
 mies. He has taken a deep and active inter- 
 ;t in advertising St. Lonis, and his good work 
 as recently recognized by his election as a 
 ember of the Commercial Clul). He is a 
 Erector oi the Mercantile Clnb, and of the M., 
 . (S: E. R. R., as well as vice-president and 
 easurer of the Pitchfork I^and and Cattle Com- 
 my. He is also a member of the transporta- 
 on committee of the Mercantile Clnb, and of 
 le governing board of the Jockey Clnb. Al- 
 longh he has been off the road for a long time 
 e is still very popular among the members of 
 le Western Commercial Travelers' Association, 
 [ which organization he is still a member. 
 On the 2'2d day of December, 1««(), Mr. 
 /illiams was married to Miss Georgia O'Neal, 
 aughter of (ex-Governor) E. A. O'Neal, a 
 andsome and very popular young lady of 
 lorence, Alabama. 
 
 Woi.KF, Edward Bates. — -A young man gifted 
 oth 1)\- nature and education as a successor of 
 is able father, and amply qualified to carry 
 )r\vard to a still higher plane of success the 
 usiness established by the latter, is Edward 
 ;ates Wolff, the senior member of the firm of 
 I. \. Wolff & Company. He is a native of 
 t. Louis, where he was born September l!, 
 S.")i;. Through his grandfather on his father's 
 ide he is of Polish origin, as the former was 
 escended from a Polish family which came 
 rom England to the United States at an early 
 a\-. His grandmother on the same side of the 
 otisc bore the name of Franklin, and was a de- 
 ccnilanl of the great philo.sopher of that name. 
 
 in IS li' the grandfather, with his family, came 
 y boat from Eouisville, Kentucky, tOvSt. Louis. 
 Larcus .\. Wolff, the father of the subject of 
 his l)iogra]iliv, being at that time eleven years 
 Id. The name of ^Lircus A. Wolff is inex- 
 ricablv woven into the historv of vSt. Louis, 
 
 where he struggled against povert\- and un- 
 toward circumstances, and won a success that 
 made him conspicuous as one of the able men 
 of the metropolis. Especially is his name iden- 
 tified with the history of the real estate business 
 of the city, in which line he must be considered 
 one of the most advanced pioneers. He was 
 wholly a self-made man, and one of the noblest 
 specimens of that type which has played such a 
 conspicuous part in the development of Amer- 
 ica. Of his marriage in liS;")^ to Miss Eliza J. 
 Curtis, several children were born, of whom 
 Edward B. is the second. 
 
 Edward began his education in the public 
 schools, finishing his common school education 
 at the High School in 1873, his next educational 
 step being to enter Washington LTniversity, 
 from where he graduated with honor in 1.S7."). 
 While still a student in the university he 
 reached the conclusion that his tastes inclined 
 him to the law, and as a result .soon after his gradu- 
 ation he began the study of law at the St. Louis 
 Law School, from which he received his diploma 
 in 1880. After his admi.ssion to the bar he 
 began practice, and during the five or six years 
 which followed he succeeded in establishing an 
 enviable reputation as an able and successful 
 young attorney. He first formed a partnership 
 with that celebrated attorney and orator Britton 
 A. Hill. LTpon the dis.solution of this firm, Mr. 
 Wolff formed a partnership with Frank J. Bow- 
 man, and subsequently entered into a like 
 arrangement with John O'Grady, the well- 
 known railroad attorney, this ijartuershiji con- 
 tinuing up to 188.^). 
 
 In 1885, on account of failing health, his father 
 was compelled to retire, and Edward reluctantly 
 gave up his law practice and assumed charge of 
 the real estate business, occupying the position 
 of partner, but having full charge of all the 
 details of the business. Shortly after he assumed 
 charge, the younger brother, George P., was 
 taken into the firm, continuing a partner until 
 the spring of ISiU, when he withdrew, only to 
 again be taken into the firm January 1, \>^\^i. 
 On July 11, bsin, the father. M. A. Wolf, died, 
 and althouirh the business is still run under the 
 
232 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 old name of M. A. Wolff & Company, the firm 
 consists of the two sons, Kdward I>. and Cieoroe 
 P. Wolff. 
 
 In the real estate line the honse formed b)- 
 '\\. A. Wolff in 18.')it, and carried on by his two 
 sons to-day, is considered the first in the city, 
 and possesses a record for years of sqnare and 
 honorable dealing that inspires public confidence 
 and is the main element of its success. It takes 
 a small army of clerks, etc., to transact the 
 large business of the honse, which, beyond 
 doubt, employs a larger ofiSce force than any 
 other real estate company in St. Louis. Acting 
 as agents only, and never, under any circum- 
 stances, allowing themselves to be misled into 
 s^ieculation, yet realizing that their growth and 
 prosperity depended on that of the city, the ex- 
 tension of the business has been constant and 
 unbroken. The aggregate sales of the half year 
 ending June 30, 1892, amounted to the magnifi- 
 cent sum of $700,0(10, while their rental busi- 
 ness is, beyond doubt, the largest in the city, 
 they having over 3,000 tenants. 
 
 Mr. Wolff does not by any means de\-ote his 
 entire attention to the dr\- details of business. 
 He is of social inclinations, and is a nrember of 
 the ^lercantile, St. Louis and Jockey clubs, 
 and was a mem1)er of the Elks before the dis- 
 bandment of that order. Like his father, whom 
 he greatly resembles, he is active, patient, ener- 
 getic, kind, courteous and generous in all rela- 
 tions of life, by virtue of which he has won a 
 high place in the regard of both the business and 
 social worlds. Likewise a man of taste, a pa- 
 tron of the arts, he owns oil portraits painted 
 from life of all the majors who lia\-e e\-er held 
 that ofhce in vSt. Louis, a collection as unique 
 as it is valuable. 
 
 This portrait gallery is one of the most inter- 
 esting and valuable in the West, and besides 
 possessing great local interest, it is looked upon 
 as well worthy a visit by people who are only 
 making a short stay in the city. The collection 
 is of course without a duplicate, and both the 
 present owner and his father have done a good 
 service to the city, and to history generally, by 
 making and preserving it. In many other ways 
 
 Mr. A\'olff has given evidence of a very keen 
 artistic taste. 
 
 Mr. Wolff was married in 1887 to Miss Gail 
 Yourtee, of Cincinnati. They have one child 
 li\ing — a little girl called (jladys. 
 
 Cook, Fraxcis Edmlstox, son of A. B. and 
 Ada (Edmiston) Cook, was born in Houston, 
 Texas, September, IS-to, just three months be- 
 fore the Lone Star vState was admitted to the 
 l^nion. His parents were both natives of Ohio. 
 On his father's side Mr. Cook is of direct En- 
 glish descent, his grandfather having been born 
 in the Isle of Wight, in the British Channel. 
 His mother's family has resided for many years 
 in Delaware, her ancestors having been among 
 the earliest settlers of that State. 
 
 When Francis was a few months tdd, his pa- 
 rents returned to Cincinnati, ( )hio, where he 
 was educated in the public schools. After some 
 careful study, he entered the Seventh District 
 School and graduated with honors in 1858. He 
 then entered the F^ourth Intermediate School, 
 and after a year's course came to St. Louis, 
 where he entered the Franklin School and grad- 
 uated to the High in 18(1 1. After a )ear in the 
 High School he entered the Illinois State Normal 
 University at Bloomington, whence in 18(i;> he 
 returned to the St. Louis High School and grad- 
 uated in 18(;4. 
 
 Young ]\Ir. Cook had develoj^ed such a desire 
 for learning and such an aptitude for acquiring 
 information that he decided to persevere in his 
 studies and make himself thoroughly ^^roficient 
 in e\-er}- branch. He accordingly entered the 
 Philips Academy at Exeter, New Hampshire, 
 whence he entered Williams College, ]\Iassachu- 
 setts, graduating therefrom in the year 18()8. 
 In 18(Jil Professor Cook returned to St. Louis, 
 and was appointed principal of the Webster 
 School. 
 
 In 1870 he organized the Douglas School, of 
 which he was appointed principal. In 1871 he 
 was promoted to the head of the branch High 
 School, of which he was principal for fourteen 
 years. In 1885 he was transferred to the Carr 
 Lane School, and in 1887 he became principal 
 
BIOGRAPinCAL APPENDIX. 
 
 L)f the Wayiiian Crow School, a jiositiou he still 
 accupies. Mr. Cook is recognized as one of the 
 best teachers in the splendid corps of tutors now 
 to be found in vSt. Louis. He is exceedingly 
 popular among tlie pupils and is giving them a 
 threat deal of tuition outside of the course of 
 ■;tudy and routine work of the school. 
 
 Inl'STl Professor Cook was elected ])rcsideiit 
 of the Teachers' Association of St. Louis, and he 
 presided over that body with dignit\- aiul al)ilil\ 
 for one year. He was one of the founders of the 
 Teachers' Alutiial 
 Aid Association, of 
 which he was pres- 
 ident for upwards of 
 ten years, and he 
 was the first pres- 
 ident of the vSt. 
 Louis Society of Ped- 
 agogy, occupying 
 the same position 
 again many years 
 later. He was" also 
 one of the founders 
 and first editors of 
 the Western Maga- 
 zine, a monthly 
 publication of much 
 interest, and he was 
 a 1 s u appointed a 
 meniher of the fac- 
 ulty of the Stat c 
 Training School. He 
 now represents the 
 Eighth C o n g r e s- 
 
 sional District on the lulucational Committee of 
 the State of Missouri, liaving been appointed to 
 the position by the governor. 
 
 Mr. Cook's writings ha\-e earned for him a 
 high reputation outside the city which has for 
 so many years claimed him as one of its hon- 
 ored and learned citizens. He has contributed 
 to a large number of magazines representing 
 modern thought, and although his work has 
 been too philosophical and thoughtful to become 
 popular among the masses, it is highl\- apjire- 
 ciated by the best judges and by those who are 
 
 I-KANCI5 EDHISTON COOK. 
 
 able to follow the careful lines of thought so 
 abh- (}Utliued by the talented teacher and writer. 
 Mr. Cook is an excellent public speaker and 
 debater. He is blessed with an exceptionally 
 pleasant voice and good delivery, and his recita- 
 tions are deservedly jiopnlar in all circles. Mr. 
 Cook is one of the vice-presidents of the vSt. 
 Louis Writers' Club, and is one of the most in- 
 fluential and valuable mcnd)ers of that body. 
 
 He married in December, 1.S71, Miss .\nna 
 Alexander, a graduate of the High and Normal 
 schools of this city. 
 He has three chil- 
 dren, theoldest, Miss 
 Stella, a very tal- 
 ented young lady, 
 now in the senior 
 class of the High 
 School; and Robert 
 and Frank, aged re- 
 spectively sixteen 
 and thirteen, both of 
 whom are attending 
 school. 
 
 In the historical 
 section of this work 
 reference is made 
 to the record made 
 by vSt. Louis Public 
 School teachers, and 
 more particularly by 
 graduates from 
 the High and Nor- 
 mal schools. Prof. 
 Cook is an admira- 
 f the fact that St. Louis ranks 
 leme as an educational center. 
 
 lustration 
 in the e: 
 
 Watkrhocsk, Svi.vicstkr, a son of Samuel 
 II. and Dollaf Kingman )\Vaterhonse, was born 
 in Piarrington, New Hampshire, September L"), 
 18;>(). In early boyhood he showed a marked 
 aptitude for mechanical iHirsuits. His parents, 
 recognizing his ingenuity, intended to educate 
 him for the profession of architect or engineer, 
 but the loss of his right leg by accident, which 
 occurred May <>, 1H40, changed the whole course 
 
234 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 of his life. Physically disqualified by his mis- 
 fortune for the career to which his natural tastes 
 so strongly inclined him, he was constrained to 
 choose a vocatioii which required less l)odil\- 
 activity. He was fitted for college at Phillips 
 Exeter Academy, from which he graduated with 
 honor in l!S.')0. The debating society of this 
 institution is an important element in its student 
 life. On the rolls of the " Ciolden Branch," are 
 the names of many who, in maturer years, 
 attained eminence in almost every sphere of 
 intellectual activity. Mr. Waterhouse was hon- 
 ored with the presidency of this society, and at 
 the close of his academic course was chosen the 
 "orator" of the Golden Branch at its annual 
 public exhibition. 
 
 In the spring of 1851 he entered Dartmouth 
 College, but preferring Harvard, went in the 
 fall of the same year to Cambridge and was ad- 
 mitted to the university without conditions. 
 While proficient in general scholarship, he 
 especially devoted himself to the study of the 
 classics, and took a prize for the composition of 
 Greek prose. He graduated with di.stinction in 
 1853. In 1855 he finished his professional 
 study at the Harvard L,aw School, and in the 
 same year was appointed professor of the Latin 
 languages and literature in Antioch College, 
 Yellow Springs, Ohio. In 1857 Professor Wa- 
 terhouse accepted a position in Washington 
 University, St. Louis, where he has just com- 
 pleted thirty-seven years of professional service. 
 This department is Greek. He entered the 
 university a few months after its formal inaugu- 
 ration, and has served it longer than any other 
 member of its faculty. 
 
 During the civil war all the energies of his 
 nature were enlisted in the cause of his country. 
 Believing that a maintenance of their unity was 
 essential to the prosperity of the United States, 
 he was profoundly anxious for the preservation 
 of the Union. Though unable to join the army, 
 he was yet an active soldier. But the scene of 
 his service was the study, not the field; and his 
 writings in defense of the Union were very vo- 
 luminous. 
 
 Professor Waterhouse has alwa\s felt a deep 
 
 interest in the industrial development of the 
 West, and has actively co-operated with the 
 State Board of Immigration in its endeavors to 
 make known the resources of Missouri. He was 
 a member of the Mississippi River Improvement 
 Convention which was held in St. Louis, Feb- 
 ruary lo, l.SliT; and in the same year he was 
 tendered by Governor Fletcher the ofiice of as- 
 sistant superintendent of the public schools of 
 Missouri, but he declined the appointment. In 
 February, 1868, three of his ex-pupils gave 
 $25,000 to Washington University, the income 
 to be applied, subject to the discretion of the 
 directors, to the uni\-ersity professorship of 
 Greek, in grateful recognition of his former 
 pupils of the fidelity, learning and ability with 
 which the present incumbent of that chair has 
 for years past discharged his duties. 
 , In 1871 Professor Waterhouse was appointed, 
 by Ciovernor Brown, a member of the State Bu- 
 reau of Geology and Mines, and in the follow- 
 ing year he was elected secretary of the .St. 
 Louis Board of Trade. In 1872-73 he made a 
 tour around the world. In eighteen months he 
 traveled about forty thousand miles. 
 
 He was a member of the National Railroad 
 Convention which met in St. Louis in 1.S75, and 
 of the Mississippi River Improvement Conven- 
 tion which was held at St. Paul in 1877. The 
 executive committee of the latter body entrusted 
 him with the responsible task of preparing the 
 "Memorial to Congress." This address was a 
 powerful appeal in behalf of the commercial 
 interest of the West, and it is geuerall\- con- 
 ceded that its unanswerable arguments influ- 
 enced Congress, and were the cause of larger 
 appropriations for the improvement of the river. 
 
 He was appointed United States Commis- 
 sioner to the Paris Exposition of 1X78, and the 
 W^orld's Fair which it was proposed to hold in 
 New York in 1 .S.S3. In 1883 he was a delegate t(^ 
 the National Cotton Planters' Convention at 
 \'icksburg, Mississippi, and in ISSl he was an 
 honorary commissioner to the World's F'air at 
 New Orleans. In 1885 he was appointed com- 
 missioner from Missouri to the American Expo- 
 sition which was held in London in 1887; in 
 
BIOCRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 I SSI) he was elected by the executive council of 
 Slew York secretary of the National American 
 rariff League for the State of Missouri, and he 
 ivas chosen a member of the Xicaraj^na Canal 
 Convention which was held in St. lyonis, June 
 i, 18tt2. 
 
 His fidelity to the university pennitted him to 
 neglect no professional duty. Onl)- the spare 
 flours which his official functions did not require 
 vvere given to the study of economic issues, 
 rhe concentration of purpose which is one of 
 liis distinctive traits could hardh- fail to win 
 success. For more than a generation his ener- 
 2;ies have been devoted with quiet persistence to 
 educational work. In the development of a 
 liunible school into a great university, his in- 
 fluence has been felt, not onh- in the advance- 
 ment of sound classic learning, but also in the 
 promotion of public friendliness to the institu- 
 tion and in the increase of its endowments. 
 Several departments of the university have been 
 enriched by gifts which it is believed his sug- 
 gestions prompted. The literary honors which 
 have been conferred upon him are deserved rec- 
 ognitions of his reputation as a scholar and of 
 his skill as an educator. In 11SS3 he received 
 the degree of LL.D. from the State University 
 of Missouri, and in 1884 the degree of Ph.D. 
 from Dartmouth College. 
 
 Professor Waterhouse is an acknowledged 
 authority in his specialties. The (Government 
 has often employed his services. This recogni- 
 tion of their value is only an official confirma- 
 tion of the popular judgment. In the discus- 
 sions which have closely connected his name 
 with many great enterprises, he has always 
 .shown the effectiveness of thorough investiga- 
 tion. In his fondness for accuracy he has never 
 mistaken scholarship for an end, instead of a 
 means. With a positive distaste for verbal con- 
 troversies and theoretical speculations, he has 
 always sought to accomplish useful objects. 
 
 The following passage, so full of just and 
 appreciative criticism, is quoted from a sketch 
 by Dr. Morgan: 
 
 "Professor S\lvester Waterhouse is confess- 
 edl\- one of our most arduous and successful 
 
 brain-workers, and the service rendered by him 
 to the city of his a(lo])tion are inadequately 
 represented 1)\- a list of his writings, or by an 
 enumeration of the positions of honor and trust 
 which he has been invited to fill. It nia\-, in 
 all sincerity, be said that his many acquaint- 
 ances consider him equal to any responsibilities 
 which he might choose to assume, and show by 
 experience that when Professor Waterhouse has 
 felt at liberty to serve on various commissions he 
 has certainly proved his ability to bring to such 
 tasks rare qualifications. Apart from an unusu- 
 ally clear and analytical mind and a comniaud 
 of language which enables him to express con- 
 cisely and lucidly any conclusions at which he 
 may have arrived. Professor Waterhouse has 
 an uncommon share of that intellectual integ- 
 rity which constitutes the chief grace of excep- 
 tional men." 
 
 The writings of Professor Waterhouse have 
 been numerous and varied. He has chiefly dis- 
 cussed industrial questions. The extension of 
 western railroads, the improvement of the Mis- 
 sissippi river, the establishment of local iron 
 works, the naturalization of jute and ramie, 
 the development of the resources of Missouri, 
 the advantages of skilled labor, the national 
 need of a navy and of the construction of the 
 Nicaragua Canal, are some of the topics which 
 have occupied his versatile pen. His writings 
 have been received with gratifying proofs of 
 public favor. All of his formal jn-oductions 
 have been republished, and the circulation of 
 some of his articles has reached an aggregate of 
 several hundred thousand copies. The success 
 of many public enterprises is partly due to the 
 influence of his writings. 
 
 Professor Waterhouse has spent years of labor 
 in efforts to promote .\merican prosperity. The 
 motive of his work has not been mercenary; 
 with the exception of pay for services rendered 
 the Government, no compensation for any of 
 these productions has ever been accepted. Such 
 an instance of public .spirit is worthy of unre- 
 served praise, and is an example of no])le 
 unselfishness. 
 
 In 18(i7 Profes.sor Waterhouse was thrown 
 
23G 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 from a carriage and liadh' hurt. Since that 
 time he has never been free from pain. Tlie 
 spinal injury was more serious than that which 
 caused his lameness. The result of the earlier 
 accident was the loss of a limb; the effect of the 
 later injur\- is incessant suffering, which bodily 
 or mental exertion only intensifies. Under con- 
 ditions so unfavorable to literary effort, most 
 men would have abstained from all avoidable 
 labor; but though the inevitable penalty of in- 
 dustry has been increased distress, the restless 
 energy of Professor Waterhouse would not allow 
 him to be idle. 
 
 The writings of Professor Waterhouse have 
 been so numerous that we can only mention 
 some of the most important. These include 
 a series of articles on the cause of the Crimean 
 war, entitled, "The Protector of the Holy 
 Places," (written at Harvard in 1SS4); "The 
 Statesmanship of Washington," ( b'^lil ); "The 
 Danger of Disruption of the Union, and the Ne- 
 cessity of a Free Mississippi," (LSdM); "His- 
 toric Illustrations of the Effects of Disunion," 
 ( l.H(i4); "TheFinancial Value of Idea," (l.SdT ); 
 "The Resources of Missouri," (l«(i7); "St. 
 Louis the Future Capital of the United ^States," 
 (DeBow's Review, 186.S); "The Natural Adap- 
 tation of St. L,ouis to Iron Manufacturers," 
 (pamphlet, IJSIiit); "Letter to Governor B. G. 
 Brown on Skilled Labor," (1870); "Letter to 
 Hon. (ieorge Boutwell, Secretary of the Treas- 
 ury, on the Location of the Post-Ofifice in vSt. 
 Louis," (1.S72); "The Advantages of Skilled 
 Labor," (lcS72); "A Speech in Acknowledg- 
 ment of the Ciift of a Gold Watch and Chain by 
 the St. Louis Board of Trade," ( 1.S72); "Lect- 
 ures on Personal Travels in Jajian," (1S74); 
 "The Culture of Jute," (IX7(;); "Sketch of 
 John P. Collier," (1877); " ^Memorial to Con- 
 gress," (prepared for the Mississippi Improve- 
 ment Convention at St. Paul, 1877); "Com- 
 mercial Suggestions of the Paris Exposition," 
 (1879); "A Sketch of St. Louis," (Census of 
 Social Statistics, 18S»0); "A Tribute to Harvard 
 University," (in response to an invitation to 
 attend a meeting of the Chicago Harvard Club, 
 l<S.s;^); " Remarks on the Hundredth Anniver- 
 
 sary of the Phillips-Exeter Academy," (pam- 
 phlet, Lss;', ); "An Addresstothe National Cotton 
 Planters' Convention at Vicksburg,Mississippi," 
 ( rejjort of proceedings, 1883); "Chapters on 
 the Early History of St. Louis," (in Scharff's 
 History, 1883); "The Parks of New York City," 
 ( written at the request of Hon. Luther R. Marsh, 
 chief of the New York Park Commission, re- 
 port, 18.S4); "The Indu.strial Revival of Mex- 
 ico," (translated into Spanish, 1884); "Ad- 
 dress to the International Association of Fairs 
 and Expositions, St. Louis," (1884); "Address 
 to the First National Convention of Cattlemen, 
 St. Louis," (1884); " The Necessity of Diversifi- 
 cation of Southern Industries," (1885); "Causes 
 of Financial Depression," (1885); " Letter on 
 the American Fair in London," (1885); "Ad- 
 dress to the St. Louis Harvard Club," (in com- 
 memoration of the 250th anniversary of Har- 
 vard University, 188(;); "Historical Sketch 
 of St. Louis," (in Vol. XIX., Social Statistics 
 of the Tenth U. S. Census, 1887); "Appeal to 
 the People of His Native State ( New Hamp- 
 shire ) in Behalf of vSt. Louis as the Site of 
 the World's I'air," (ISIIO); "American Com- 
 merce in IllllO," ( 18111 ); "The Mississippi and 
 its Affluents, ' ' ( 18H2 ) ; " The Importance of our 
 Northern Woodlands to the Navigation of the 
 Mississippi," (18!I2; translated into German). 
 
 Thoroughjiax, Thomas, is proud of being a 
 Missourian. His father owned a farm near the 
 boundary line dividingthe counties of Clinton and 
 Buchanan, in Northwest Missouri, and upon this 
 was spent the boyhood and youth of the subject of 
 this sketch. His educational advantages were 
 only such as were offered by the common coun- 
 try district schools, and of these Mr. Thorough- 
 man took eager advantage and improved upon 
 the advantages by a varied course of historical 
 reading. He chose the legal profession, and 
 upon arri\ing at his majority went to St. Joseph, 
 where he placed himself under the care and 
 tutelage of active practitioners at the bar. He 
 entered upon his studies under the preceptor- 
 ship of Messrs. Craig & Jones, who enjoyed 
 distinguished positions at the bar. For more 
 
BIOCRAPHfCAI. APPENDIX. 
 
 2:M 
 
 lliau twi 
 phv ..f 1 
 
 irs he studied history, tlic pliiloso- 
 nd the science of political econom)-. 
 
 In is.'i4 he was admitted to the bar, and 
 easily took an enviable position among the most 
 prominent and able of the younger members. 
 Two years later he was appointed assistant city 
 attorney of St. Joseph, and at the next popular 
 election he was o\-er\vhelmingly chosen city 
 counselor. In his new office he exhibited such 
 ability to cope with the other members of the 
 bar, whether junior or senior, as steadily dre\y 
 to him all the while 
 a large and personal 
 clientage. At this 
 measure of success 
 he did not, like most 
 young men so fa- 
 yored, feel that his 
 education was com- 
 pleted and that his 
 development was up 
 to the full measure 
 of the man which he 
 had jMctured in his 
 early asijirations. 
 
 After his term as 
 city counselor of St. 
 Joseph had expired, 
 he was elected cir- 
 cuit attorney of the 
 circuit then presided 
 over by Judge E. H. 
 Norton, but lately 
 the di.stinguished 
 chief justice of the 
 
 Supreme Court of the State of ^Missouri. The 
 majority l)y which he was elected to this im- 
 portant office, that of public prosecutor, was so 
 pronounced as to l)e a rare testimonial to liis 
 many manly virtues. 
 
 In tlie midst of his official term the civil war 
 came on, and he espoused the cause of the Con- 
 federacy. Young though he was at the time, 
 his advice was often .sought by the leaders of 
 the Confederate cau.se in tlie West. He was 
 actively engaged in many of the exciting skir- 
 mishes and battles on the western frontier. 
 
 After ])articipating in the battle of I<:ik Horn, he 
 was ordered forward to engage in the battle of 
 Pittsburg Landing, but the troops came to the 
 field after the battle had terminated. Later, he 
 was selected, with others, 1)y Governor Jack.son, 
 and commissioned to return to Mi,s.souri and 
 raise troops for the Confederate service, and 
 while on this mission, in company with his life- 
 long friend. Judge Alexander Da\is, he was 
 captured by the Federal troops and made a iiris- 
 
 oner of war. For 
 
 THOnAS THOROHOHMAN. 
 
 ined 
 
 that 
 
 \ear he was confined 
 in different pri.sons 
 in Mi.s.souri, but later 
 paroled by President 
 Lincoln, upon the' 
 express condition 
 that he should leave 
 the State and exile 
 liimself in one of tlie 
 Territories west of 
 the Missouri river. 
 Pursuant to this 
 ])ar<ile,in.May,l.S(i4, 
 he located at \'ir- 
 ginia City, ]\Iontana, 
 where he immediate- 
 ly plunged into tlie 
 legal practice as a 
 partner with Judge 
 Alexander Davis. 
 Here he soon forged 
 to the front of his 
 profession, and his 
 a1)ility yielded large 
 returns in fees. Had 
 
 etion, he might have 
 
 represented the Territory of Montana in Con- 
 .gress, for so high was he in the confidence and 
 esteem of the citizens that he was urged from 
 all parts of the Territor\- to make the race. 
 
 In I'SCil he removed from .Montana to .St. 
 Louis, with his old partner, and at once entered 
 into a large and lucrative practice. Later, 
 Judge II. L. Warren was associated as a mem- 
 ber of the firm, and it became recognized as one 
 of the leading law firms of .St. Louis. A few 
 years subsequent, Judge Davis retired from the 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 law practice, leaving the firm to be continued 
 by Air. Thorougliman and Judge Warren. It 
 was during this period that the firm became the 
 attorneys and counselors of the St. Louis, Iron 
 iMountain & Southern Railway Company, which 
 it ably filled until 1881. 
 
 Colonel Thoroughman, since establishing him- 
 self in St. Louis, in addition to prosecuting with 
 vigor and success the practice of law, has always 
 taken an active interest in public affairs, and dur- 
 ing many a political campaign his voice has been 
 heard upon the hustings, proclaiming sound 
 Democratic doctrine with fervid eloquence. 
 
 Colonel Thoroughman is strong as an advocate 
 and sagacious as a lawyer. His mind has been 
 enriched by wide and varied reading, which a 
 splendid memory places constantly at his com- 
 mand. Few men are more persuasive and more 
 cultivated and cultured, and as popular as public 
 speakers. Had he been ambitious for office, none 
 within the gift of the people of the State could 
 have been too exalted to have been bestowed. 
 
 He has always exhibited an especial interest 
 and tender sympathy for the young man just 
 entering upon a professional career, and many 
 a faltering step of the young practitioner has 
 been steadied by his experienced hand, and 
 many a fainting heart emboldened by the unself- 
 ish courage which he has imparted. 
 
 He has reared a large family, and while yet 
 in the vigor of intellectual and physical man- 
 hood, has had the jsleasure of seeing se\-eral of 
 his children launched successfully upon their 
 mature careers. In partnership with a son and 
 son-in-law, he is still engaged in the practice of 
 law at St. Louis. 
 
 Gregg, William Hexrv, isof Scotch descent, 
 and was born in Palmyra, New York, on March 
 24, 1831, and is a lineal descendant of Cap- 
 tain James Gregg, who in 1(590 emigrated from 
 Ayr, Scotland, to Londonderry, Ireland, and 
 in 1718 to New Hampshire; he being one of the 
 sixteen heads of families who settled at and 
 founded the town of Londonderry, New Hamp- 
 shire, which was at first called Nutfield. Mayor 
 Samuel Gregg, of Peterboro, New Hampshire, 
 
 the great-grandfather of the subject of this 
 sketch, was born in Londonderry, New Hamp- 
 shire. He served in the Colonial army during a 
 part of the "French War," and took an active 
 part in the Revolutionary war as a major in the 
 New Hampshire militia. His brother. Colonel 
 William Gregg, was an officer in the Lhiited 
 States army, and had an important command 
 under General Stark at the battle of Bennington. 
 
 John Gregg, the father of William Henry 
 Gregg, was born at Greenfield, New Hampshire, 
 and came to Palmyra, Wayne county. New 
 York, about 1822, where he married Anne Wil- 
 cox, daughter of William Wilcox, and grand- 
 daughter of Gideon Durfee, one of the founders 
 of Palmyra, who had emigrated from Ti\-erton, 
 Rhode Island. John Gregg was engaged in 
 the iron business from 1824 to 184.") in Palmyra, 
 L>"ons, Perry and Rochester, New York. 
 
 In 1845, his health failing, he went to Nash- 
 ville, Tennessee, taking his son, William, with 
 him, and in March, 184(5, came to St. Louis, 
 where he had a brother, Abraham Gregg, of the 
 firm of Gregg & Ross, manufacturers of scales 
 and other brass and iron work. A sister also 
 resided in St. Louis, married to Mortimer X. 
 Burchard, Sr., who owned and operated the 
 .Etna Foundry, on Second street between Pine 
 and Olive. John Gregg died in St. Louis the 
 spring of his arrival here, jVIay, 1846, and his 
 son, William H., then fifteen years old, began 
 work in his uncle Burchard's foundry, at which 
 he continued about one year, and then returned 
 to Palmyra, New York, where he entered a gen- 
 eral country store as clerk, remaining there 
 until November, 1849, when he returned to St. 
 Louis, and has resided here ever since. Mr. 
 William H. Gregg first obtained a situation 
 with Mr. Jerome, furniture dealer on Olive 
 street, afterwards was clerk with Rogers & 
 Barney, wholesale hardware dealers, and in 
 July, 1890, entered the employ of Warne & 
 IMerritt, wholesale and retail dealers in wooden- 
 ware, hardware and house furnishing goods, on 
 iMarket street. 
 
 On Januar\- 1, 1S.')4, he was admitted as a 
 partner in the house, the firm composed of 
 

 ■f-'^m- 
 
nHHiR. \rifIC.\L APPENniX. 
 
 239 
 
 M. W. Waruc, W. H. Mcrritt, William H. Ckegcj 
 and Francis A. Lane. In August, 1<S;')(), Messrs. 
 jMerritt and Ciregg retired from the firm, and 
 became members of the firm of Cuddy, Merritt 
 & Compan}', owning and operating the old and 
 well-known Broadway Foundry and Machine 
 Shops, on Broadway between Wash and Carr, 
 and Carr and Biddle streets, running through to 
 Collins street. This concern was established in 
 l.s;34 by Kingsland, Lightner & Cuddy, and had 
 grown to be, with one exception, the largest con- 
 cern of the kind west of Cincinnati. The firm 
 was composed of James Cuddy, W. H. Merritt, 
 William S. Cuddy and William H. Gregg, Mr. 
 Gregg having charge of the books and finances. 
 The concern did nearly all the rolling mill and 
 iron furnace construction work west of Cincin- 
 nati at that time, and the firm and its predeces- 
 sors, Kingsland & Cuddy, built the Chouteau, 
 Harrison & Valle WxW, in North St. Ivuuis; the 
 Jdlm S. Thompson Xail and Rolling Mill, in 
 South St. I^ouis; the Ravuor Mill, on Cass 
 avenue, and the Jones, Loyd & Company Mill, 
 at Paducah, Kentucky. They also did a large 
 amount of architectural iron work, notabh- all 
 in the old post-office and custom liouse, corner 
 Third and ( )live streets. 
 
 Messrs. Merritt and Gregg sold out of the con- 
 cern in Fel)ruar\-, bS.')7, and Mr. Gregg, in Ma\- 
 of iliat Near, formed with Jolin S. Dunham the 
 lirni of Dunham & Gregg, who bought the 
 steam bakery on Fourth street of Mr. McAnulty, 
 and conducted the manufacture and sale of 
 crackers and army bread until 18()5, when the 
 firm was dissolved. Soon after the firm com- 
 uienced l)usiness, Mr. Charles ]\IcC\'Uiiey, who 
 had established a fine connnission and grocery 
 business, was admitted a partner, and the two 
 kinds of business were continued together, but 
 under the separate names of Dunham & Gregg, 
 and C. ;\IcCauley S: Company. The business 
 was a very successful one, as the concern had a 
 large trade in its manufactures and mercliandise 
 all over the South, West and Northwest, and a 
 profitable commission and forwarding business in 
 Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and New 
 Mexico. 
 
 The conimencement of the war in l.S(!l inter- 
 rupted the business, and Mr. McCauley retired 
 from the firm, Messrs. Dunham &.(iregg retain- 
 ing the steam bakery, which thev ran exclu- 
 sively on army bread for the Government until 
 the close of the war in bSii.'), and in addition 
 built and operated, with other parties, a very 
 large concern in Louis\ille, Kentucky, in the 
 same business. The firm of Dunham &: Gregg 
 was dissolved in the fall of IX(if), and Mr. Gregg 
 remained out of any regular business until Ma\-, 
 1867, but with a number of other St. Louis gen- 
 tlemen organized the St. Louis Petroleum Com- 
 pany, which put down some wells near Paola, 
 Kansas, which were not successful; and with 
 some others bought of the Government the 
 steamer General Price, formerly the tow-boat 
 Ocean, in the towing business from the Balize 
 to New Orleans. The boat was put into her 
 old trade, but was not a financial success. 
 
 In May, ISiiy, Mr. Gregg assisted in organiz- 
 ing the Southern White Lead and Color Works, 
 the name of which was afterwards changed to 
 the Southern White Lead Company. The 
 stockholders were Robert Thornburgh, Wm. A. 
 Thornburgh, Wm. H. Gregg, Henry S. Piatt, 
 John T. De Moss and James Johnson, wluy also 
 composed the first board of directors. The ex- 
 ecutive officers were Wm. H. Gregg, president; 
 Henry S. Piatt, vice-president; F. W . Rockwell, 
 secretary, and James Johnson, superintendent. 
 
 The com])any was a very successful one from 
 the beginning of its career, and built up a large 
 and profitable trade, extending its business into 
 every State and Territory in tlie Union, as well 
 as into Canada and Mexico. In bSST the Mc- 
 Birney & Johnston White Lead Company of Chi- 
 cago was absorbed by the vSouthern White Lead 
 Company, and from that time on the company 
 operated the factories in both cities under the 
 Southern company brands. In IS'SK the .stock- 
 holders in the company sold their stock to the 
 National Lead Trust, which afterwards became 
 the National Lead Company, with headtiuarters 
 in New York. 
 
 Mr. ('regg remained with lUe new organiza- 
 tion about five months, in charge of the Southern 
 
240 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 coiiipaii\'s business, and also as first vice-presi- 
 dent in charge of the St. Louis Smelting and 
 Refining Company, whose works for the reduc- 
 tion of lead and silver ores, and refining bullion, 
 are located at Cheltenham, St. Louis. \\\ 
 November, lS.s;i, he resigned all his offices in the 
 organization. 
 
 During the fall of l^il'l he organized the 
 William H. Gregg White Lead Company, with 
 William H. Gregg, president; Norris B. Gregg, 
 vice-president, and William H. Gregg, Jr., 
 secretary, and commenced to build works on the 
 Wabash railway and Clayton road near Boyle 
 avenue, but before their completion, sold out to 
 the Southern White Lead Compan}-. 
 
 Since that time he has spent his time quietly 
 at home and in travel, mostly north in the 
 summer and in Florida in the winter. He is 
 fond of angling, and spends most of his time at 
 resorts de\-oted to that sport. He is a stock- 
 holder in various enterprises, institutions, banks, 
 etc., among them the Mound City Paint and 
 Color Company, who are manufacturers of lin- 
 seed and castor oils, with mill and elevator on 
 Clayton road and Wabash railway, and makers 
 of a great variety of paints and painters' sup- 
 I^lies, with factory corner Second and Howard 
 streets, and store and office, 4-<)() and 40.S Xorth 
 Second street. His sons and son-in-law run the 
 business. 
 
 Mr. Gregg was married on November 21, 
 1855, to Miss Orian Thompson, step-daughter 
 of Matthew Rippey, Esq., a well-known lumber 
 merchant. He has five children — Norris B. 
 Gregg, president ]\Iound City Paint aiul Color 
 Company, who married May Hawley, daughter 
 of Captain Geo. E. Hawley, of Paddock-Hawley 
 Iron Company; Wm. H. Gregg, Jr., vice-pres- 
 ident Mound City Paint and Color Company, 
 who married Lily Kurtzeborn, daughter of A. 
 Kurtzeborn, president Bauman Jewelry Compan\- ; 
 Clara J., who married Charles M. Hays, vice- 
 president and general manager Wabash Rail- 
 way, son of Sam'l Hays, formerly postmaster 
 in St. Louis, and president of the Missouri 
 Pacific Railroad; Julia F., who married Fl H. 
 Dyer, secretary of Mound City Paint and Color 
 
 Company, and .son of Hon. I). P. Dyer; anc 
 Orie L. Gregg, unmarried. 
 
 Mr. Gregg has never held ain- city, State oi 
 national office; his military career was confinec 
 to the first lieutenanc\- of a Home Guard com- 
 pany during the war, but never in active service 
 except occasional guard duty in the city. H« 
 has been a director in the Mechanics' Bank, the 
 Mound City IMutual Insurance Company, and £ 
 member of the committee of arbitration and ap- 
 peals of the JNIerchants' Exchange. He ha; 
 never been connected with any religious organ- 
 ization, is a Mason, but not at present affiliatec 
 with any Lodge. 
 
 As a boy he was a Whig, and since the organi- 
 zation of the Republican party, has been a Re- 
 publican, but is not a partisan, especially in 
 municipal affairs. His tra\-els have been con- 
 fined to all the States and Territories in the 
 L^nion, except Texas and Alaska, and nearh* all 
 Europe, the north coast of Africa, and Canada 
 and Cuba. 
 
 HuGHHs, Charles Hamilton, ?iI.D., comes 
 from royal Welsh stock, the family being known 
 in English heraldry as the Hughes of Gwercles 
 in FMeirnion, County of ^Merioneth, Wales. 
 This renowned family was granted armorial 
 bearings November 4, Kilit, when Sir Thoma? 
 Hughes was knighted at Whitehall, Mr. Hughe.'^ 
 then having his seat at Wells, Somerset, and at 
 Gray's Inn, being a barrister at law. 
 
 Richard Hughes, a descendant and member 
 of this famih', and the great-grandfather of the 
 subject of this sketch, came to America and 
 settled in Pennsylvania. He fought in the 
 Revoliitionary war, after which he located in 
 Virginia, married and had four sons, the oldest 
 of whom was named after him. Richard 
 Hughes, Jr., moved to Allen county, Ohio, in 
 \'^i^^, and raised a large family, among the 
 children being Harry J., father of Dr. Hughes, 
 who married Miss Elizabeth R. Stocker, daugh- 
 ter of Capt. Zachius Stocker, founder of Eliza- 
 bethtown, Indiana. 
 
 Dr. Hughes was born in St. Louis, near the 
 little mound where the first reservoir was placed. 
 
'A^- 
 
 </ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 241 
 
 i\-in,i;- in .St. Louis till nine years of ajje, when 
 lis parents moved north, liis father having be- 
 :onie associated in many business enterprises on 
 the upper Mississippi. His early education was 
 :omnienced in a private school on North Fifth 
 street, near Wash and Carr streets, and contin- 
 ued in the public schools and in the primary 
 department of St. Louis University. Later he 
 was sent to Dennison's Academy, at Rock Island, 
 Illinois, and completed his literary school train- 
 ing in Iowa College, then under the manage- 
 ment of professors from Amherst, Ma.ssachusetts. 
 
 Dr. Hughes began the study of medicine un- 
 ler the tutelage of Dr. John T. O'Reardon, at 
 Da\enport, Iowa. Dr. James Thistle, who went 
 from Natchez, Mississippi, to Davenport, was 
 also one of his preceptors, and while under 
 Dr. Thistle's teaching Dr. Hughes enjoyed 
 the friendship and medical assistance of Dr. 
 Thistle's brother-in-law, the distinguished Dr. 
 Cartwright, of New Orleans. 
 
 Dr. Hughes' medical studies were concluded 
 for graduation at the St. Louis Medical College, 
 where, after a four years' course of private and 
 collegiate medical study he graduated in IS.")!). 
 During his student days he was engaged for a 
 year as acting assistant physician in the United 
 States Marine Hospital, of St. Louis. On gradu- 
 ating he visited the principal colleges and hos- 
 pitals of the East, and on the outbreak of the 
 war he entered the (roverumeut service as assist- 
 ant surgeon, being promoted to full surgeon in 
 July, 1<S()2. He was then placed in charge, by 
 Medical Director Madison Mills, V. S. .\., of 
 the Hickory Street Post Hospital, and the Mc- 
 Dowell's College Prison Hospital, and the vScho- 
 field Barracks, including the vStragglers' Camp 
 of this city. 
 
 Dr. Hughes' medical services throughout the 
 war were of the most valuable character to the 
 Government, for he had charge of the forces from 
 St. Louis to Pilot Knob, Missouri, for two years, 
 and during the last of Price's raids into Missouri 
 he had also medical charge of the refugees and 
 freemen. He was mustered out in l.Sii.'), having 
 earned from he<id([uarlers the praise of having 
 the best field hospital in the ser\-ice. 
 
 He was one of the youngest surgeons to receive 
 a connnission in the Union army, and on leav- 
 ing the service he was placed upon the board of 
 management, and in l-Slif) was elected to the 
 medical superintendency, of the Missouri State 
 Lunatic A.sylum, at Fulton. He remained at 
 the head of this large institution for over five 
 years. 
 
 Dr. Hughes early identified him.self with the 
 Association of Superintendents of American 
 Institutions for the Insane, now the American 
 IVIedico-Psychological Association. In l^^TH, 
 at the International Medical Congress held at 
 l'hiladeli)hia, he read before the section of 
 psychiatry the first American contribution ever 
 made before any public association on the inter- 
 esting subject of the "Simulation of Insanity by 
 the Insane." This paper was pronounced at 
 the time, and is still regarded by competent 
 judges, as the most systematic and complete 
 treatise extant upon tliis important subject in 
 forensic psychiatry. His previous essay at 
 Nashville, Tennessee, before the Association 
 of Superintendents, entitled "Psychical or 
 Physical," being an inquiry into the relations 
 of mind and organism, made a marked impres- 
 sion upon the association and the profession 
 generally. His contribiUions since that time 
 have been numerous and almost constant, and 
 he has editorially, for the pa.st eleven years, 
 conducted and published the Alienist and 
 Neurologist, a journal of scientific, clinical and 
 forensic psychiatry and neurology, which he 
 founded in LSSO. 
 
 Dr. Hughes' coulribiUions to psychiatry have 
 been too numerous for designation here. In 
 IsiKi he became connected with the Marion- 
 Sims College of Medicine, and held the chair of 
 professor of psychiatry, diseases of the nervous 
 system and electro-therapy in that institution 
 of medicine uj) to the spring of 18!t2, later being 
 called to take a similar chair and the presidency 
 of the faculty of Barnes Medical College, in 
 which position he still continues. 
 
 Besides his membership in the .\meriean 
 Medico-Psychological .\ssociation, the doctor is 
 a member of the American Neurological Society; 
 
242 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 the American IMedical Association; the Missis- 
 sippi Valley American ]\Iedical Association, of 
 which he was president in 1891; president of 
 the Neurological Section of the Pan-American 
 .Medical Congress of 1898; vice-president of the 
 Medico-Legal Congress for 1892; vice-president 
 of two sections of the International Medical 
 Congress of 1873. He is a member of the St. 
 Louis Medical Society; Missouri vState Medical 
 Societ}', and member of the judicial council of 
 the American Medical Association. He is an 
 honorary member of the British Medico- Psycho- 
 logical Society; corresponding member of the 
 New Yoi-k Medico-Legal Society and of the 
 Chicago Academy of Medicine, and other pro- 
 fessional bodies. 
 
 Dr. Hughes has been twice married. In 187;) 
 lie married the handsome and accomplished 
 daughter of H. Lawther, Esq., of Calloway 
 county. His first wife was a Miss Addie Case, 
 daughter of Luther Case, and cousin of Dr. 
 George Case, of this city, a ver)- bright and 
 charming lady. The doctor had three children 
 by his first wife; of his last marriage, three 
 children have been born. 
 
 Walbridgk, Cyrus Pack.\rd, mayor of St. 
 Louis from 1893 to 1897, was born July 20, 
 1849, in Madrid, New York. His father, Orlo 
 Walbridge, was a Alethodist preacher, and his 
 mother, Maria .\lthea Packard, was a lineal 
 descendant of the Hydes, of England. The 
 pastor moved out west when his son was an in- 
 fant, and was for many years a circuit rider in 
 the Northwestern States. 
 
 Cyrus P. Walbridge, during his boyhood, 
 worked on the farm of his father, and with his 
 brother managed the farm during the absence 
 of the father on his circuit. At the age of eight- 
 een years Cyrus entered Carletone College, 
 Minnesota, and afterwards went to Ann Arbor 
 University and took the law course there. After 
 his graduation he went to Minneapolis, Minne- 
 sota, returned to the farm and remained until he 
 had obtained his majority, when he came to vSl. 
 Louis and began the practice of law. 
 
 He had been engaged in his profession only 
 
 two years when Jacob S. ]\Ierrell, a pioneer in 
 the wholesale drug trade of the West, took him 
 in his house as a legal adviser and in that posi- 
 tion sent him about the country straightening 
 business matters which had become confused. 
 
 The young man was very successful at this, 
 and Mr. Merrell placed more responsibility upon 
 him year by year until he became a member of 
 the family. He was thrown into the acquaint- 
 ance of Miss Lizzie Merrell, the eldest daughter 
 of the head of the firm, admired her and mar- 
 ried her, and when a few years later Mr. Merrell 
 died, his heirs made Mr. Walbridge the admin- 
 istrator of the estate and president of the com- 
 pany. 
 
 In l.SSl he became interested in local politics 
 and his Ward sent him to the House of Dele- 
 gates, where he served for two years and declined 
 a re-election. 
 
 In l.S,S9 he was nominated by the Republicans 
 as president of the Council, and elected at large 
 by a vote of the whole city. About the same 
 time the Western Wholesale Druggists Associa- 
 tion elected him president. As president of the 
 Council he was ex-officio and acting mayor of 
 the cit\- whenever the mayor was absent, and 
 on several extraordinary occasions was placed in 
 a position where his executive ability became 
 conspicuous. 
 
 In 1893 the Republican City Convention unan- 
 imously nominated him for mayor, and he was 
 elected by a large majority. He has one son, 
 whose name is Merrell Packard Walbridge. 
 
 ScuLLiN, John, the president of one of the 
 largest and best equipped street railroad systems 
 in America, ranks among the wealthiest and 
 most enterjirising men in the cit\'. He has 
 helped to re\'olutionize the street car service of 
 St. Louis, and it is diiificult to overrate the 
 value of Mr. Scullin's enterprise to residents 
 and property holders south of the Alill Creek 
 Valley. The elegant cars of the Union Depot 
 Company run to all parts of the south and south- 
 west, bringing the bluffs of Carondelet within 
 easy access of the cit}- proper, and making 
 Tower Grove and Lafayette parks accessible to 
 
c>«^^^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 'US of tlioiisaiidsof j)eopIe who otherwise would 
 c unal)le to enjoy tlieiii at all. They also 
 fford a one-fare ser\'ice from one end of St. 
 .ouis to the other. 
 
 The president of, and the ownerof a controllino; 
 iterest in this company was born in St. Law- 
 mce county, New York, August 17, 183ti. Mr. 
 cullin's parents were Mr. Nicholls and Mrs. 
 [ary Scullin, the later formerly Miss Kenney. 
 'he common schools of St. Lawrence county, 
 
 I the State of his birth, were the first in which 
 le lad obtained any education, but he subse- 
 iiently attended a course in the Potsdam ( New 
 ork ) Academy. At an early age he com- 
 lenced work, and his first engagement was in 
 Dnnecticju with the building of the Grand 
 'runk Railroad of Canada. 
 
 After being connected with this compain- for 
 iree or four years he moved to the Northwest, 
 nd in 18(53 he commenced business in Fort 
 nelling, Minnesota, as a railroad contractor. 
 
 II 18(34 he went to Idaho, attracted by the 
 ;ports of gold discoveries. The only means 
 f transportation were ox teams. Hostile 
 idians were met on frequent occasions, and 
 nee seven of the party were slain by a party of 
 ;d skins. Finally, all the mountains and rivers 
 fere crossed, and after an arduous journey 
 xtending over six months Virginia City was 
 sached. 
 
 This trip was one of the few mistakes Mr. 
 icullin has made in his life. He was entirely 
 isappointed with the surroundings, and about 
 lie first thing he did on his arrival was to make 
 rrangements to get awa\-. He started on his 
 Jturu trip as .soon as possible, and arrived in 
 lew York in November, 18(i5. In the follow- 
 ng year he again started westward, and the 
 ear 18(i() found him located in Leavenworth, 
 Kansas. In the same year he entered into a 
 ontract for construction of a portion of a 
 entral branch of the Union Pacific Railroad, 
 ow part of the Missouri Pacific, and he built the 
 jrty miles of road having the town of Water- 
 ale for its terminus. He then constructed a 
 ortion of the Missouri \'alley Railroad from 
 lavannah to Marvsville, Missouri, and in l.S(>.s 
 
 he built twenty-five miles of the Rock Island 
 Road between Leavenworth, Kansas, and Platts- 
 burg, Missouri. 
 
 In the fall of 18(59 he was engaged in the 
 construction of the Mis.souri, Kansas & Texas 
 Road between Junction City, Kan.sas, and Che- 
 topa, in the same State, and from Sedalia, Mis- 
 .souri, to Chetopa, and through the Indian Ter- 
 ritory to Denison, Texas. Two-thirds of this 
 great railway system was built by Mr. Scullin, 
 and subsequently he constructed several miles 
 of track on the Galveston, Harrisburg & San 
 Antonio Railroad, and al.so on the Deni.son 6c 
 Southeastern Road. 
 
 Before these extensive contracts had been 
 carried out, Mr. Scullin had taken up his resi- 
 dence in St. Louis. He became interested soon 
 after his arrival in several street railroads, 
 including the Union I)e])ol, Mound City and 
 Jefferson avenue lines, but he did not give to 
 these the attention which has marked his later 
 career. In 1<S82 he was made general manager 
 of the ^lexical! National Railroad, with head- 
 quarters in the City of Mexico, but in the fol- 
 lowing \-ear he returned to St. Louis and 
 accepted the presidenc\- of the Wiggins Ferry 
 Company, a position he still holds. 
 
 Mr. Scullin is also vice-president of the Mis- 
 sissippi Valley Trust Company, president of the 
 ICast St. Louis Electric Railway Company, and 
 the East St. Louis Connecting Railway Com- 
 panv, being also a director in the St. Louis 
 National Bank. 
 
 But the jjosition best known and appreciated 
 by St. Louis people that is held by Mr. vScullin 
 is that of president of the Union Depot 
 Railwav Company. Within the last few years 
 he has arranged and carried out one of the most 
 important street railroad deals ever attempted in 
 this city. By it the Union Depot Company 
 absorbed both the Mound City and the Benton- 
 Bellefontaine companies, the consolidated lines 
 forming, as already stated, one of the largest 
 street railwav systems in America. The con- 
 solidation and building of .several connecting 
 links has made communication between the 
 extreme northwest and southwest possible, and 
 
244 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 by the most liberal system of transfers passen- 
 gers are now carried as far for fi\e cents as the}' 
 traveled formerly for fonr or five times that 
 amount. The new cross-town road he is now 
 constructing along Nineteenth street and other 
 streets north, will tend to perfect this admirable 
 system. 
 
 In politics Mr. vScuUin is a Democrat, but he 
 has alwavs declined political pi'eferment, his 
 tastes not h'ing in that direction. He is a most 
 successful manager, and is popular in the extreme 
 among his army of employes. As a financier he 
 has few equals, and as a railroad manager he 
 has not a rival. 
 
 Vlx. Scullin married in IS.')!) Aliss Hannah 
 Perrv, of Montreal. He has five children, 
 including Harry J., the vice-president and assist- 
 ant general manager of the Union Depot street 
 railroad system. The eldest daughter is now 
 ;\Irs. DeGest, of Paris, and the younger chil- 
 dren's names are Frederick, Lenore and Charles. 
 
 Lawrence, Dr. J. J., is not only a promi- 
 nent physician and a phenomenally successful 
 medical editor, but is also one of the most enter- 
 prising and loyal citizens of vSt. Louis, in which 
 city he has resided for more than a quarter of a 
 century. He has been conspicuous in his efforts 
 on behalf of almost every public work of recent 
 years. One of the first to recognize the impor- 
 tance of securing the World's Fair for St. Louis, 
 he spared no effort in his zeal to secure a favor- 
 able verdict from Congress. Subsequently when 
 it was proposed to start the Autumnal Festivi- 
 ties Association the Doctor not only wrote a 
 check for a very liberal donation, but also gave 
 the association the benefit of his valuable expe- 
 rience. Being recognized as one of the most 
 able journalists in the city, he was placed upon 
 the advertising committee of the association; 
 and when this committee enlarged the scope of 
 its work and became known as the Bureau of 
 Information, no man labored more earnestly in 
 its behalf than Dr. Lawrence. 
 
 This talented and wealthy physician was born 
 in Edgecombe county, North Carolina, January 
 28, 183(). The full name of this well-known 
 
 gentleman, is Joseph Joshua Lawrence. He is 
 of Revolutionary ancestry on both the paternal 
 and maternal sides; his fourth removed paternal 
 grandfather was of Anglo-Norman descent, and 
 a native of Norwich, England. The son of this 
 old ancestor was Frank Lawrence, a noted 
 Indian fighter, and his son, Joseph Nathaniel 
 Lawrence, the doctor's great-grandfather, was 
 lieutenant of the Continental army under 
 Washington. His son (the Doctor's grand- 
 father) was Joshua Lawrence, an eminent 
 Baptist minister and author. Dr. Lawrence's 
 father was Bennett Barrow Lawrence, a promi- 
 nent cotton planter in ante-bellum days. The 
 Doctor's mother was Martha Francis, daughter 
 of Judge Jesse Cooper Knight; her mother's 
 Revolutionary ancestor was Augustin Clement 
 de Villeneuve, Chevalier de Berthelot. He was 
 a captain of French troops under Lafayette, and 
 was killed at Yorktown, in 17H1, fighting for 
 the American cause. 
 
 .\fter receiving a university and medical edu- 
 cation. Dr. Lawrence was married on May 8, 
 1S.')!I, to Josephine, daughter of Colonel B. F. 
 Edwards, of North Carolina. Dr. and Mrs. 
 Lawrence have only two children — Mr. Frank 
 Lawrence and Mrs. Henry .\. Siegrist, of this 
 city. 
 
 The Doctor was a captain in the Confederate 
 army during the war between the States. He 
 practiced medicine a short time after the close 
 of the war, and then moved to St. Louis. In 
 l'S7;i he commenced the puljlication of the 
 Medical Brief, which he still publishes, and 
 which has now the largest circulation and is 
 financially the most prosperous of any medical 
 publication in the world. It has an immense 
 advertising patronage, and is one of the hand- 
 somest and most readable magazines published 
 an>-where. 
 
 The Doctor is devoted to St. Louis, and is a 
 great believer in its future, as is witnessed by 
 his owning several valuable pieces of St. Louis 
 real estate. Dr. Lawrence is noted for his 
 universal good humor, his optimistic views, 
 and his practical business ability — qualities 
 rarely found combined in the same person. 
 
CO<Ay-ULn^-' 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 245 
 
 LdXG, Rdward Hkxrv, stiperinteiideulof the 
 St. lyouis public scliools, and one of the ablest 
 instructors in tlie country, was born in Livonia, 
 Livingston county. New York, October 4, LSJiS, 
 and is hence about fifty-four years of age. His 
 fatlier, Mr. John Long, was a native of New York, 
 but his great-grandfather was Ijorn in Germany, 
 and having emigrated to this country during 
 tlie colonial period, fought through the Revo- 
 lutionary war, and in IfSlO moved from the 
 State of Pennsylvania to New York. On his 
 mother's side Mr. 
 Long's ancestry is 
 also both interesting 
 and honorable. His 
 mother, Mrs. Eliza- 
 beth (Miller) Long, 
 traces her lineage 
 from the Swiss, her 
 forefathers having 
 located in Pennsyl- 
 vania during the 
 time of W i 1 1 i a m 
 Penn. 
 
 P^dward Henr)- was 
 educated in the com- 
 mon schools of his 
 native county, whicli 
 were of the high class 
 character generally 
 found in New P^n- 
 gland. From the 
 common schools he 
 entered a district 
 high school , and hav- 
 ing earned some money by teaching district 
 schools he entered the Genesee College, now 
 the Syracuse University, where he maintained 
 himself by his own labors and made great prog- 
 ress in his studies. When only twenty-nine 
 years of age he was engaged as principal by the 
 Public School Board of Buffalo, and in LSTO his 
 ability having attracted the attention of the 
 St. Louis Board, he was appointed principal of 
 one of their Schools. He proved an excep- 
 tionally able tutor and introduced a number of 
 valuable improvements into the method of 
 
 EDWARD MENRV LONG. 
 
 tuition and management, and so convinced the 
 Board of his ability that in the year 1H74 he was 
 elected assistant superintendent. 
 
 For six years Mr. Long filled this position, and 
 his hard work earned golden praise from his 
 principal and from the Board generally. While 
 insisting on good work from the teachers, he ex- 
 hibited a never-tiring patience and was always 
 willing to help a teacher to master the many 
 difficulties which beset his i)alli. In ix.SO .Mr. 
 Long was elected superintendent of the schools, 
 and for upwards of 
 fourteen years he has 
 filled the position in 
 an excellent manner. 
 Results speak for 
 themselves, and the 
 splendidcondition of 
 the St. Louis public 
 schools, which are 
 the admiration of the 
 entire continent, is 
 due in a great meas- 
 ure to the hard work 
 and sterling aljility 
 of Mr. Long. P'ol- 
 lowing in the foot- 
 steps of Professor 
 Harris, he has car- 
 ried out in a con- 
 scientious manner 
 the progrannne laid 
 out by that eminent 
 professor, and he lias 
 also introduced 
 which have had a 
 
 methods of thoronghne: 
 
 marked effect on the results obtained. 
 
 Mr. Long's administration has not been in 
 any degree sensational. He has introduced a 
 number of reforms, but speaking generally his 
 object has been to maintain the high standard 
 of excellence in which he found the schools, and 
 to bring up the weaker ones to the same high 
 plane which marked the majority of the .schools. 
 He is thorough in everything he undertakes, and 
 the main feature of his policy is that a child 
 must learn to read and write thoroughly before 
 
246 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 it can hope to acquire a higher education. He 
 has argued that a child must learn the actual 
 meaning of words as well as the mere principles 
 of spelling, and he has given to the Kinder- 
 garten branch an immense amount of fostering 
 care. 
 
 Tiie system of mathematical training adopted 
 by Mr. Long and so vastly improved by him as 
 to make the system almost entirely of his own, 
 has proved a great success, and he has earned 
 from all, teachers and parents alike, expressions 
 of warm approval and praise. He has acted 
 with marked impartiality with the teachers, 
 has no favorites, and onh- recognizes ability 
 and earnestness as worthy of ajiproval. 
 
 Mr. Long married in the year l.S(;2 Miss Ovira 
 J. Wilcox, of Monroe count) , Xew York. He 
 has one daughter. 
 
 P>RVSOX, JOHX Paul, M.D., was born April 
 Ki, lS4li, at Milecross, near Macon, Mississippi. 
 His father's name was James Bryson, and his 
 mother was Eliza (Banks) Bryson. James 
 Bryson was a planter, owned a large plantation, 
 and was a man admired for his great strength of 
 character, uprightness and fair dealing. ]\Irs. 
 Bryson's family was from Culpepper county, 
 Virginia. It had connections through Virginia 
 and Georgia with the Alexanders, Hendersons 
 and Banks, and was large and well known. Dr. 
 Bryson's grandfather, John Bryson, was a native 
 of Argylleshire, Scotland, and had estates in 
 the North of Ireland. His wife was Helen 
 Campbell, of the famous Argylle family, and 
 was related to the celebrated Alexander Camp- 
 bell. 
 
 Dr. Bryson was born, reared and educated on 
 his father's plantation. His education was first 
 received in the local and grammar schools, and 
 later by private tuition. As a boy he was 
 imbued with the scientific spirit, having what 
 may be termed scientific enthusiasm even when 
 very young, and every study connected with 
 biology was always of especial interest to him. 
 Trained by his father and a fine tutor, and with 
 these tastes and surroundings, he grew up intel- 
 lectually as well as physically vigorous. 
 
 His studies were interrupted by his entrance 
 in the army in 18(53. He was sent to \'irginia 
 with the Army of Virginia, where he served for 
 two years. He returned to his home after the 
 war and renewed his studies under his old tutor, 
 and subsequently read medicine under Dr. S. \'. 
 D. Hill, of Macon. 
 
 He came to St. Louis in the latter part of 
 August, I.S()H, during the cholera epidemic, and 
 entered the Humboldt Medical College, the first 
 of the medical colleges that attempted to teach 
 by thoroughly scientific methods. At the head 
 of the college was the late Dr. Adam Hammer, 
 one of the greatest teacliers in medicine St. Louis 
 ever had. Then for the first time the scientific 
 dream of his life was realized. He was able to 
 mingle with that coterie of scientific men in St. 
 Louis who were educated under the thorough 
 fierman scientific system. He came in contact 
 with the school of men who composed the old 
 Hegelian Clul:) of St. Louis, which was the 
 origin of the Concord School of Philosophw 
 He was graduated in 1S()8. 
 
 .\fter graduation he was for one year assistant 
 surgeon of the City Hospital. Then, in the fall 
 of 18(i9, he went into private practice, being 
 associated with Dr. William L. Barrett. 
 
 Dr. Bryson is a member of the principal 
 medical societies of this city. In 1S70 he was 
 made demonstrator of anatom\- of the Missouri 
 Medical College. He held that position for two 
 years. Then he became connected with the St. 
 Louis Medical College as instructor, first in 
 general pathology, then in anatomy, and last in 
 plnsiology. After fifteen years of service as 
 instructor and clinical lecturer he occupied the 
 chair in genito-urinary surgery, which chair he 
 still holds. This is the medical school of the 
 Washington University. 
 
 Dr. Bryson is in the enjo}nient of a large and 
 lucrative practice, and is regarded throughout 
 the entire West and South as being without a 
 peer in the specialty to which he has given the 
 study of a life-time. He devotes himseli 
 exclusi\'eh- to the practice of his profession, and 
 has never held any public office of an}- kind. 
 Although he has ne\-er been connected with au\- 
 
^^\ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 247 
 
 public enterprise in an ostentations manner, he 
 lias always been a loyal St. J^onisan, and a 
 worker for and contributor to e\erytliin,!^ de- 
 signed to benefit the cit>-. 
 
 He has taken i)articular pride in the ser\-ices 
 he was able to render to the poor and to medical 
 education in his large clinical experience at the 
 college dispensary and in the hospitals. He has 
 been for ten years surgeon to the Mnllanphy 
 Hospital, one of the oldest in the city, and has 
 done more than his share of work without charge 
 in behalf of suffer- 
 ing humanit\-. 
 
 The Doctor mar- 
 ried in 1.S7;; Miss 
 Mary Sterling Win- 
 ter, daughter of 
 William Drew Win- 
 ter and Sarah ( Ster- 
 ling) Winter, of 
 Ba\ou Sara, Lou- 
 isiana. The mar- 
 riage took place in 
 St. Louis and re- 
 sulted in the birth 
 of two children — a 
 
 boy : 
 
 after 
 Mrs. 
 and 
 
 md a girl, 
 gliteen years 
 her marriage 
 Bry.son died, 
 last year the 
 Doctor led to the al- 
 tar Miss J ea n n i e 
 Richmond, of Wood- 
 .stock, Vermont. 
 
 CAMPBELL, J.WIK.S.- 
 this work reference is 
 
 JA.MliS CAMPlSliLL 
 
 -In an earlier chapter in 
 made to the influence of 
 the introduction of ra])id transit into St. lA)uis 
 on the city's manufacturing, mercantile and 
 financial growth. As is pointed out in that 
 chapter, ten years have not elapsed since work 
 was commenced on the first street railroad of 
 fill dc siccle order in St. Louis, but we ha\-e to- 
 day a system of rapid transit unexcelled in the 
 entire country. The improvement has not been 
 the result of a general movement among citi/ens, 
 but rather the outcome of the enterprise and 
 
 jjerseverance of a few capitalists and workers, 
 among whom the subject of this brief sketch 
 occujMes a prominent position on account of the 
 exceptional value of his .services. For about 
 eighteen years he has been connected with local 
 .street railroad interests, directly or indirectly, 
 and it is interesting to note that he was brought 
 into contact with our street railroad service by 
 being appointed receiver for a hor.se-car line, 
 which, thanks largely to his efforts, is now an 
 electric railroad, and a source of profit to its 
 owners as well as to 
 those owning prop- 
 crt\- in the territor\- 
 Uirough which its 
 cars run. 
 
 .Mr. Campbell is 
 a CO nip ar a t i vel y 
 xounginaii. He was 
 born in Ireland, in 
 1.S4.S, but his recdl- 
 lections of the Old 
 Country are more 
 than indistinct, as 
 he was but two years 
 of age when his par- 
 ents crossed the At- 
 lantic and located at 
 Wheeling, West Vir- 
 ginia. When the 
 warbroke out, young 
 Campbell, who was 
 then about twelve 
 years of age, became 
 attached to General 
 I''remont's staff as messenger. His promptness 
 and attention to dnt\- secured for him the friend- 
 ship of the General, who, when relieved of his 
 command, took the lad with him to New York, 
 and introduced him to the brokerage business in 
 that city. The work pro\'ed congenial to young 
 Mr. Campbell, who soon justified the confidence 
 and friendship of his benefactor and friend. 
 
 i\Ir. Campbell became connected with St. 
 Louis as the immediate result of General Fre- 
 inont's interest in the Southwestern Pacific 
 Railroad. In 1^7.') the (General acquired a con- 
 
24S 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 trolling interest in this corporation, and in the 
 following year young Mr. Canipl)ell was sent on 
 to St. lyouis, where he became a member of the 
 land-office department, fii l.SHS, before he was 
 barely of age, he decided to enter upon the 
 practice of the profession he had been studying 
 for the last six years — civil engineering, serving 
 as assistant engineer on the Iron Mountain and 
 Missouri, Kansas & Texas until 1871. In 1871 
 he was appointed chief engineer of the old Kan- 
 sas City, Memphis & Mobile Railway, a position 
 he retained until 187-4. 
 
 In 187() Mr. Campbell was appointed assignee 
 for the Northwestern Street Railwa}- Company, 
 of St. Louis, now better known as the 
 Mound City Railroad. For fourteen months 
 he lent his attention to the straightening 
 out of the affairs of this company, and he 
 then established himself as a stock and 
 bond broker, giving especial attention to local 
 securities. During the last fifteen or sixteen 
 years he has built up one of the largest broker- 
 age connections in the West, and he now occu- 
 pies a palatial suite of offices on the ground floor 
 of the Rialto Building. 
 
 vSpace prevents a detailed statement of the 
 various corporations with which Mr. Campbell is 
 connected. Prominent among them ma}- be 
 mentioned the Mississippi Valley Trust Com- 
 pany, the Edison Illuminating Company, the 
 Union Depot Railway Compau}-, and the Citi- 
 zens' Electric Light and Power Company, of 
 East St. Louis. Last year he conducted suc- 
 cessfully the negotiations which resulted in the 
 amalgamation of the Union Depot, Mound Cit>' 
 and Bellefontaine railway system. 
 
 Mr. Campbell is regarded as one of the wealth- 
 iest as well as the most reliable business men of 
 St. Louis, and his advice is eagerly sought for 
 when enterprises are suggested involving hea\'y 
 expenditure. 
 
 Laughlix, Hkxrv D., son of Tarlton C. and 
 Anna (Hopkins) Laughlin, was born in the 
 mountains of Bath county, Kentucky, January 
 21, 184.S. He was educated in a log school- 
 house near Mount Sterlino-, Kentuckv, but his 
 
 education was interrupted b\' the war, which 
 led to the breaking up of the school system ir 
 his district to a great extent. At the end of the 
 war he spent two years on a farm and ther 
 entered the law department of the Kentucky 
 University, at Lexington, where he graduatec 
 in the class of 18()M. 
 
 He came to St. Louis in February, 18()!l, anc 
 was admitted to the bar in May of the samt 
 year by Judge Irwin Z. Smith, of the Circuii 
 Court. He then proceeded to practice law, firs 
 in partnership with Mr. Charles G. Mauro 
 and subsequently alone. In the year 1878 h( 
 was elected judge of the Criminal Court, ant 
 occupied the position for four years, durinj: 
 which he had to try no less than fifty-two mei 
 for murder in the first degree. He quit th( 
 bench in 1882 in poor health, and for about oni 
 year was engaged in the tobacco warehous( 
 business. The work was not at all congenial t( 
 him, and on his regaining his health in ISSo Ik 
 returned to the practice of law and entered inti 
 partnership with Mr. R. H. Kern, under th( 
 firm name of Laughlin & Kern, which subse 
 quently became Martin, Laughlin & Kern, b} 
 the admission of Judge Alexander Martin, win 
 is now dean of the Law School University, a 
 Columbia, Missouri. The partnership was dis 
 soh'ed when Jtlr. Alartin mo\-ed to Columbia 
 and Mr. Kern going to Chicago, Judge Laugh 
 liu took Mr. George J. Tansey into the firm 
 which became known as Laughlin &; Tansey. 
 
 Judge Laughlin is an able lawyer, well ac 
 quainted with both civil and criminal law, anc 
 is regarded on the bench as exceptionalh- brill 
 iant. Since he recommenced practice he ha: 
 been connected with a large number of impor 
 taut commercial cases, and he organized tin 
 National Hollow Brake Beam Company, witl 
 offices at Chicago. Senator Barnum, of Con 
 necticut, was the first president of this impor 
 taut corporation, and Judge Laughlin succeedec 
 the Senator on the death of that gentleman. 
 
 The Judge married in March, 1874, Miss Elk 
 Hayues, daughter of Mr. J. E. Haynes, a well 
 known commission man of vSt. Louis. He ha: 
 four children — Randolph, Hester Bates, Elmy; 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 249 
 
 Adams, and Robert Tansey. He is now at the 
 heijijht of his career, vigorous alike in mind 
 and body, and a logician with few eqnals in the 
 talented bar of Missouri. 
 
 CrK KENWOOD, Moses Jr., is one of the acti\'e 
 and reliable real estate men who have during 
 the last decade assisted so materially in develop- 
 ing the material interests of the city and in call- 
 ing the attention of outside capitalists to the 
 intrinsic value of St. Louis property generally. 
 
 Mr. Greenwood 
 does not belong to 
 the " boom " order 
 (if real estate men, 
 and his work has al- 
 ways been of a con- 
 servative, although 
 energetic, character. 
 His high standing 
 in the communit\- 
 and his reputation 
 for sterling integrity 
 has led to his being 
 entrusted with ex- 
 ceptionalh- 1 a r g e 
 sums of mone\- for 
 investment, and his 
 clients'interestshave 
 been i n \- a r i a b 1 y 
 watched and w e 1 1 
 cared for. 
 
 He has been ex- 
 ceptionally fortunate 
 in introducing out- 
 side capital, and has consummated several deals 
 of large magnitude, negotiating the sale of the 
 old Benton farm to a \'irginia syndicate, and 
 selling to local syndicates large sections of 
 property in the western part of the city, includ- 
 ing Chamberlain Park and Rose Hill, these 
 deals involving about a half million dollars. 
 On several occasions he has visited England, 
 l)resenting the merits and advantages of St. 
 Louis as a field for safe investments, in ISi^'S 
 selling a part of the Sutton homestead for 
 
 MOSES GREENWOOD 
 
 luu 
 
 /eslors, and in 18112 to 
 
 another English syndicate. East vSt. Louis prop- 
 erty to the extent of considerably more than 
 half a million, and the .same purchasers have 
 since arranged to very largely increase their 
 holdings in the prosperous railroad town on the 
 other side of the big bridge. 
 
 This successful real estate operator and agent 
 was born in New Orleans. His father and 
 grandfather were members of the firm of Moses 
 (ireenwood & Son, which for nearly lialf a 
 century did an enormous trade in cotton at a 
 time when there was 
 big money in that 
 great staple of the 
 South. He was edu- 
 cated at Roanoke 
 College, Virginia, 
 and after completing 
 his regular studies 
 he turned his atten- 
 tion to civil engi- 
 neering, mastering 
 every detail of the 
 profession. After 
 graduating with dis- 
 ti net ion, he con- 
 nected himself with 
 the M i s s i s s i p ]) i 
 River Commission, 
 occupying the posi- 
 tion of assistant civil 
 engineer for about 
 four years. In 1882 
 he came to St. Louis, 
 the headquarters of 
 the River Commission, and three years later in 
 connection with ;\Ir. Alfred Carr started in the 
 real estate business, under the firm name of Carr 
 & Greenwood. 
 
 This partnership lasted for four years, and in 
 18510 Mr. M. M. Greenwood, father of the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, came to St. Louis and the 
 firm was organized under the name of Green- 
 wood & Company. Of the success of the firm, 
 mention has already been made. In five years 
 its sales aggregated nearly ten million dollars, 
 and in addition to the work already spoken of 
 
250 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 it made a number of large purchases for the 
 Merchants' Bridge and Terminal Railway Com- 
 panies, including the entire site of the town of 
 Madison. 
 
 Although so activeh- engaged in business of 
 the first importance, ?ilr. Greenwood has not 
 allowed secular matters to monopolize his ener- 
 gies and attention. No man has worked more 
 earnestly for the Sunday-schools, both of the city 
 and the country, than he. As president of the 
 St. Louis Sunday-School Union he has made 
 that bod\' one of the strongest in the countr\-, 
 and on the occasion of the Seventh International 
 and Second World's Sunday-School Convention, 
 held in St. Louis, in September, IXH.'), his ex- 
 ecutive ability made the gathering a triumph of 
 the grandest possible character. 
 
 Haarstick, Hknrv C, the president of the 
 Mississippi \'alle}- Transportation Company, has 
 been closely identified with St. Ivouis for up- 
 wards of forty years, and it would be diflicult to 
 point to any citizen who has done greater serv- 
 ice for the city than has he. He arrived in 
 St. Louis in one of the most unfortunate years 
 of its history, when it was devastated by both 
 fire and cholera, and he has remained in it to 
 see it grow into a great city, influencing the 
 commerce of nations and a model to the world 
 in many most important respects. He is now, 
 at the age of fifty-eight, in the very prime of life, 
 and is recognized as one of the most reliable and 
 conservative, although enterprising, men in the 
 West. 
 
 This gentleman, one of the pioneers of barge 
 transportation, by which importation of goods 
 and exportation of grain from St. Louis via the 
 river and New Orleans to Europe was made 
 practicable, was born in the year 1830, at 
 Hohenhameln,near Hildesheim, in the Kingdom 
 of Hanover. His parents were not wealthy, and 
 the education he received in his )Oung bo\-hood 
 was of quite an ordinary character. When he was 
 about thirteen years of age the faniih- decided to 
 make their home in America, and, after a fort\- 
 nine days' voyage in sailing vessel, they landed 
 at New York. From that metropolis steamer 
 
 was taken to Albany, canal-boat to Buffalo, and 
 thence by steamer to Sandusky, Ohio, from 
 which point a railroad trip was made to Cincin- 
 nati. The .stay in the Ohio city was not lengthy, 
 and on July 2."), lrS4ii, the Haarstick family 
 landed in the city which lias since been the 
 home of the subject of this brief article. 
 
 After studying for a few years Mr. Haarstick, 
 Jr., in February, 18.')8, obtained employment in 
 the firm of ^laloney & Tilton,who were carrying 
 on a distilling business on a large scale. The 
 work assigned to him was of a character cal- 
 culated to bring out those qualities which have 
 since made him famous. Recognizing that what- 
 ever is worth doing is worth doing well, Mr. 
 Haarstick lent his entire energies to his duties, 
 and after nine years of faithful service he was 
 made a partner in the firm. The total destruc- 
 tion of the firm's property by fire in the same 
 year terminated the partnership, aud Mr. Haar- 
 stick, purchasing his associates" interest and 
 the good-will, rebuilt the works and ran them 
 for a time alone. After some four or five years 
 he sold out on very favorable terms to Messrs. 
 Card & Lawrence, who proceeded to conduct the 
 business themselves. 
 
 For some time Mr. Haarstick had noticed 
 that there was a grand opening in the river 
 transportation business. Having outlined .some 
 I^lans for establishing this on a more strictly 
 commercial basis, he proceeded to purchase 
 stock in the Mississippi Valley Transportation 
 Company, the only barge line at that time, and 
 .soon after, in 1869, he was elected a director of 
 this company and was at once made its vice- 
 president. Suijerintendent Greenleaf died about 
 this time, and Mr. Haarstick became general 
 manager of the company. He recognized at 
 once that the company was in a somewhat em- 
 barrassed condition, and it became his business 
 and also his delight to re-establish it on a 
 thoi-oughly firm basis. 
 
 That he succeeded is of course a mere matter 
 of history. In 1881 he had got affairs in such 
 a condition that a sale was made to the St. Louis 
 and Mississippi Valley Transportation Company, 
 a new corporation with a capital of S52,()0(), ()()(), 
 
BlOGRAPHICAf. APPENDIX. 
 
 251 
 
 which absorl^ed the four barge lines and placed 
 them under one uianagenient. The usual cry of 
 nionoijoly was of course raised, but it has been 
 generally recognized that the amalgamation was 
 a grand thing for the commerce of the city. 
 The existing lines had not been making money, 
 and as a natural consequence their equipment 
 had been allowed to run down and the service 
 was unsatisfactory. The new service was in- 
 finitely better in every respect, and the rate of 
 freight between St. Louis and New Orleans has 
 since, and is now, very nuich lower than at any 
 jirevious time. 
 
 Mr. Haarstick continues to l)e the guiding 
 sjiirit of this company, although he is ably 
 assisted by his .son, Mr. William T. Haarstick, 
 its \ice-president. The company owns twehe 
 \er\- fine tow-boats and one hundred barges, and 
 it has sufficient equipment to carry 2, 500, 000 
 bushels of grain to New Orleans per month. It 
 is now carrying about Ki, (too, ()()() bushels of 
 grain for export annually, in addition to l."iO,000 
 tons of other freight. It owns large elevators at 
 IJelmont, Missouri, and at New Orleans, having 
 also floating steam elevators at the latter point 
 for the transfer of grain from barges to ocean 
 vessels. At the present price of grain it will be 
 understood how diffrcult it is to ship to Europe 
 without incurring a loss. It has been Mr. Haar- 
 stick's endeavor to reduce the expense to the 
 lowest possible point, and he has succeeded 
 so thoroughly in doing this that the river car- 
 riage cost is now five cents per bushel, as com- 
 pared with rates nearly three times as high 
 which prevailed in the days of incompetent 
 equipment and insolvent corporations. ;\Ir. 
 Haarstick was also the first to bond a water 
 route for dutiable goods, and although the com- 
 pan\- has handled vast quantities of foreign 
 merchandise, it has done so to the entire satis- 
 faction of the (Government, as well as of its 
 customers. 
 
 Mr. Haarstick is naturally of a retiring dis- 
 IKisilion, and honors have had to be thrust upon 
 him from time to time. The honored list of 
 ])rcsidents of the [Merchants' Exchange contains 
 the name of no nuiu who presided more abh- 
 
 o\er that important body than that of this 
 gentleman. He is also first vice-president and 
 a director in the St. Louis Trust Company, and 
 is connected with other important financial in- 
 stitutions. He is a walking encyclopedia on all 
 matters connected with river transportation, and 
 his acquaintanceship among river men is unique. 
 In private life he is generous to a fault, and his 
 contributions to charitable and benevolent ob- 
 jects have always been on a lavish scale. He 
 married in 18(il Miss Elise Hoppe. In addition 
 to the son already mentioned, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Haarstick ha\e twohiglily accomiilishetl daugh- 
 ters. 
 
 FoKDVCK, .Samiki. W. — Ranking very high 
 among the able coterie of railroad men who 
 nurnage the roads running outward from St. 
 Louis, like the threads of a spider-web, is 
 Samuel W. Fordyce, i)resident of the St. Louis 
 Southwestern Railwa}-, ])opularly known as the 
 "Cotton Belt." He was born Februar\- 7, 
 LS-tU, in Guernsey county, Ohio, and his 2>ar- 
 ents' names were John and Mar\- Ann Fordyce. 
 He was given a good primar)- education in the 
 common schools of the place in which he was 
 born, and subsequently took the higher and 
 finishing courses at ^ladisou College, Union- 
 town, Pennsylvania, and at the North Illinois 
 University, at Henry, Illinois. 
 
 The effect of the first employment in life is 
 frequentlv to determine the whole subsequent 
 career, and it seems to have done so in this case, 
 for after leaving school the first position that 
 offered was that of station agent at a little town 
 on the line of what was then known as the Cen- 
 tral Ohio Railway, but which has since become 
 part of the Baltimore & Ohio. This was in 
 18(>0, and he held the situation for only a 
 short time, the war being the cause which im- 
 pelled him to leave private employment in behalf 
 t)f public defense. In July, ISIU, he enlisted as 
 a private in Company 15, First Ohio \'olunteer 
 Ca\alr\-. He saw exceptionally rough and dan- 
 gerous ser\ ice, but it afforded him many oppor- 
 tunities to demonstrate his courageous and sol- 
 dierh' qualities. A second lieutenancy, was the 
 
252 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 first reward conferred on him, and he was soon 
 afterward made a first lieutenant and captain of 
 cavalry, successively. His last promotion made 
 him assistant inspector-general of cavalry, with 
 an assignment to duty in the cavalry corps of 
 the Army of the Cumberland. 
 
 After the war he went to Alabama and estab- 
 lished the banking house of Fordyce & Rison, 
 at Huntsville. In l'S76 he moved to Arkansas, 
 locating at Hot Springs, and resuming the rail- 
 road business. In 1881 he was made vice-pres- 
 ident and treasurer of the Texas & St. Louis 
 Railroad Company, and in 1885 was appointed 
 receiver of the same road. A year later saw its 
 reorganization, with its name changed to the 
 St. Louis, Arkansas &; Texas Railway, and 
 Colonel Fordyce as its president; but in 1889 
 the road again fell into the hands of a receiver, 
 and Colonel Fordyce was a second time ap- 
 pointed to that office. The second reorganiza- 
 tion was followed by another change of name, 
 the road becoming the vSt. Louis Southwestern, 
 with Colonel Fordyce as its president, an office 
 he yet holds, maintaining his headquarters at 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Colonel Ford\ce has always been a close stu- 
 dent of politics and an enthusiastic participant 
 in political campaigns, although he has never 
 allowed such pursuits to interfei'e with his busi- 
 ness by the acceptance of any but an honorar}- 
 office. He is a staunch Democrat, and was a 
 member of the Alabama State Democratic Cen- 
 tral Committee in 1874. He was sent as a del- 
 egate from Garland county, Arkansas, to the 
 State Gvibernatorial Convention in 1880; in 
 1884 he was elected a delegate to the State Ju- 
 dicial Convention, and was afterward made a 
 member of the National Democratic Committee 
 for Arkansas, serving as such from 18^>4 to 1^(88. 
 He was likewise a delegate to the National 
 Democratic Convention at Chicago, in 1884, and 
 again in 1892. 
 
 Colonel Fordyce was married at Huntsville, 
 Alabama, May 1, bsiw;, to Miss Susan K. Chad- 
 wick, daughter of Rev. Dr. Wni. D. Chadwick, 
 pastor of the Cumberland Presbyterian Churcli 
 of Huntsville. 
 
 Orthwein, Charles F., was born in Wur- 
 temberg, Germany, near Stuttgart, in the year 
 1839. He came to this country in 185;'), and 
 was a member of the firm of Haenschen & Orth- 
 wein, from l'S()2 until 1870, at which date the 
 firm of Orthwein & ]\Iersnian was formed. Wx. 
 Mersman retiring in 1.S79, the two brothers, 
 C. F. and W. D. Orthwein, formed a partnership, 
 which continued as one of the strongest concerns 
 in the grain commission and exporting business 
 in the city until 1893. C. F. Orthwein is now 
 at the head of the firm of Charles F. Orthwein 
 & Sons, composed of himself and two sons, 
 whose offices are in the Laclede Building. 
 
 Charles F. Orthwein is a typical German- 
 American. Interest in his native country con- 
 tinues unabated. He loves to dwell upon the 
 history of the land of his fathers; and follows 
 with deep concern the struggles and progress of 
 a people, which, in his judgment, is destined to 
 raise the cause of good government and civiliza- 
 tion, and upon whose fate depends the happi- 
 ness of so many of his former associates. Rut 
 that is the extent of his allegiance. He is a 
 citizen of his adopted country without reserva- 
 tion. If he insists upon many of the customs 
 and perhaps even views of his native country, it 
 is in the belief that the welfare and prosperity 
 of the American people depend upon the ready 
 acceptance of what is good and strong, and the 
 successful denial of what is bad and weak, in the 
 several peoples whose representatives go to 
 make up this nation. If it be true that in both 
 respects citizens have much to learn from each 
 other, he for his part has accepted and sur- 
 rendered in the spirit in which he thinks others 
 should; and he may therefore in the best sense 
 be called an American. 
 
 A man of very decided view^, he is an un- 
 swerving Democrat in principle; but on the 
 other hand is strongly disinclined to submit, 
 when in his judgment a good principle has been 
 offended or even injured by an unworthy nomi- 
 nation. In other than national elections he 
 inclines to independence in \oting. As a mer- 
 chant, while progressive and bold, he has at all 
 times, with all his determination of purpose and 
 
1 ^ tf^ 
 
 ^(-.^^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 253 
 
 energy, endeavored to hold business witliin the 
 legitimate lines of trade and commerce, and to 
 save it from the inevitable demoralization of 
 unmixed speculation. 
 
 All in all, he must be classed with that com- 
 IKuatively small body of men who by a union of 
 cnler])rise and conservatism aids in guiding and 
 shaping the interests of a large community. 
 
 HiBKARi), Horace W., the general freight 
 agent of the Vandalia, occupies his present posi- 
 tion both by reason 
 of his fine business 
 qualifications as well 
 as that he has earned 
 the responsible office 
 by a long educational 
 course in the school 
 of practical railroad 
 experience. He is a 
 product of that 
 strong and resource- 
 ful Yankee stock ^»— >-V. 
 which has contrib- 
 uted so much to the 
 reclamation and 
 ci\ilization of a great 
 continent, and was 
 born November 7, 
 is;;."), in the little 
 town of Morgan, \'er- 
 mont. In his boy- 
 hood he attended the 
 common schools of 
 his native place, but 
 
 before his courses therein were completed, he 
 left school and came west in quest of that suc- 
 cess which he felt certain the more extended op- 
 portunities of the new country would afford him. 
 
 His railroad career was begun at Tolano, Illi- 
 nois, in March 1858, when he began work as a 
 switchman for the Illinois Central Railroad. Dur- 
 ing the succeeding year ( 18o9 ) he acted as 
 clerk to the station agent at Tuscola, Illinois, 
 for a short time, and left that place to accept the 
 position of chief freight clerk at INIattoon, Illi- 
 nois, for the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute 
 
 Railroad. His business capacity had by this 
 time won the notice and favor of his superior 
 officers, and in July, 18()(), he received substan- 
 tial evidences of the fact in his appointment as 
 station agent at Pana, Illinois, where he served 
 until November, l.S(i2. In that month he was 
 changed back to Mattoon by the road, and tliere 
 acted as .station agent until the end of the vear 
 ISH.-). 
 
 In December, ISC'i, he was given a great ad- 
 vance, being promoted at one .step from station 
 agent to general 
 freight agent of the 
 Vandalia, with head- 
 quarters at St. Louis. 
 Here he has served 
 e\er since in that 
 capacity, and it is 
 stated that he has 
 held his office more 
 consecutive years 
 t h a n a n y o t h e r 
 freight agent in the 
 United States. 
 
 The elevation of 
 .Mr. Hibbard to the 
 office he now holds 
 has more than justi- 
 fied ineverv wav his 
 superior officers' 
 original estimate of 
 him. His executive 
 ability and business 
 c a ]) a c i t y proved 
 equal to the great 
 responsibilities of the office from the beginning. 
 Few roads in the country have to-day a better 
 managed freight department than the \'andalia. 
 He is a hustler for business and commands the 
 confidence of his superior officers and the respect 
 and friendship of the army of employes under 
 him. His manner is really kindly and genial, 
 and he impresses one on first meeting him with 
 his evident genuineness. 
 
 h'ebruarv 4, l.S(i;), ;\Ir. Hibbard was married 
 to Miss Caroline li. Sears, of Shelbyville, Illi- 
 nois. Thev have one child — a daughter. 
 
 HORACE VV. HIBBARD. 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 WiLKHRSOX, Edward, the head of tlie Cove- 
 nant Alntnal Life Insnrance Company, of St. 
 Louis, is one of the southern colon}- in tliis city. 
 \'irginia is his native State, although he was 
 reared in Mississippi. He is the son of Philip 
 and Susan (Warley) Wilkerson, and was born 
 November If', 1827, in Bedford county, near 
 Lynchburg, Virginia. It was in 1833, when he 
 was six years old, that the faniih- moved to 
 Mississippi. Here he received his first school- 
 ing, but left his books when eleven years of 
 age to accept a position as clerk in a general 
 store, and while here, at idle moments turned 
 his attention to learning book-keeping, with the 
 result that at sixteen he was made book-keeper 
 of the house. 
 
 When he was nineteen years old, the Mexi- 
 can war was in progress, and he left his books 
 and enlisted in the Fifth Louisiana Volunteers. 
 He served but four months, however, as but 
 one regiment was asked for from Louisiana and 
 six were sent, and his regiment was one which 
 was sent back. On his discharge he went to 
 Vicksburg and found employment in a store as 
 clerk, then went to Memphis, still following the 
 same occupation, and in 1850 came to St. Louis. 
 Here he took up the auction business for two 
 years, and then became the book-keeper for 
 Pomery Burton. 
 
 In 1864 the wholesale dry goods firm of 
 Hastings-Wilkerson was formed. In l.Sli7 he 
 withdrew from the firm and bought an interest 
 in the dry goods house of Jno. G. Allen & 
 Sons, from which he severed relations in IHiUi 
 to accept the general agency of the insurance 
 company with which he is still connected, and 
 to the presidency of which he was first elected 
 in 1870. 
 
 Mr. Wilkerson is an active Democrat and has 
 served his city as police commissioner, and his 
 party as chairman of the Ninth Congressional 
 District Committee for a decade. He is a 
 prominent Odd Fellow and has held the highest 
 places of trust in that order. 
 
 On February 1."), 18(50, he was married to 
 Miss Virginia Cline, of St. Louis. They ha\-e 
 five children. 
 
 Masox, Isaac Masox, the .son of Morgan 
 and Parmelia (Stevenson) ]\Iason, was born in 
 Brownsville, Pennsylvania, on the 4th of March, 
 1831. His educational advantages were in the 
 public and private schools in the county in 
 which he was born and which he utilized with 
 the faithfulness and energy that has character- 
 ized all of the efforts of his life. 
 
 Owing to a limitation of circumstances he was 
 obliged to commence his business career at an 
 early age. His first employment was that of a 
 flour packer in a flouring mill, and soon after as 
 clerk in a general store. He then became a 
 steamboat clerk, navigating the Monongahela 
 river, first serving on the steamers Consul and 
 Atlantic, that ran afterwards from Pittsburgh, 
 Pennsylvania, to St. Louis. 
 
 In that service he displayed a great energy 
 and ambition to promote the interests of his 
 employers, never believing that a personal sac- 
 rifice of comfort and convenience could be lost, 
 which soon attracted their favorable attention, 
 and he was offered the command of a boat. To 
 that habit of industry and earnest application to 
 the discharge of a duty, he owed all his future 
 success, and it forms an example which the 
 young man of to-day can profit b\-. 
 
 That generous offer of his river associates in- 
 cluded a one-fourth interest in a new steamer 
 which was built and called the Suwniit, and of 
 which he took command. At that time he was 
 only nineteen years and four months of age, and 
 the youngest captain on the rivers of the Missis- 
 sippi Valley. That splendid start in life, al- 
 though eminently gratifying to the young officer 
 of a steamboat, was only the logical result of 
 integrity and faithful discharge of duty. 
 
 Soon after he became captain of the Siniunit, 
 a favorable opportunity occurring, that boat was 
 sold, and he took a position as clerk of the Hon- 
 duras and afterwards of the Australia, owning 
 part interest in the latter boat. Then he suc- 
 cessively commanded the steamers Fred. Lo- 
 renzo, Savannah and Hawk Eye State. 
 
 In 18.")2 he was running in the ]\Iissouri ri\er 
 trade, as far up as Omaha and Council Bluffs. 
 At that time the condition of the countr\- was 
 
/,'/( ^CRAPIIICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 255 
 
 sucli that the boats carried axes with wliich to 
 cut their own wood for fuel. In l.sdO the 
 Northern Transportation Line was organized. 
 It operated in the trade of the upper Mississippi 
 river. Captain Mason, who became a stock- 
 holder in this line, was then appointed its gen- 
 eral freight agent, with headquarters at St. 
 Louis, which position he held for ele\en years, 
 having been in the employ of the company for 
 a period of fifteen years. 
 
 In 187(; he was elected to the position of mar- 
 shal of St. Louis county, which then included 
 the city. After the adoption of the scheme and 
 charter, separating the city and county, he held 
 his full official term, and was then re-elected 
 marshal of the city. 
 
 In 1880 he was elected to the office of sheriff, 
 and, discharging the duties of the position with 
 such fidelity to the public interest, he was com- 
 pelled to accept a second term and succeed him- 
 self, it being the third instance in which a 
 Republican sheriff succeeded himself in that 
 office in the history of the city. Not onh* does 
 that public compliment attach to his reputation, 
 but it was conceded by members of both parties 
 that he could have been elected a third time if 
 he had consented to be a candidate. 
 
 In 1<S84 he was appointed general superin- 
 tendent of the St. Louis and New Orleans An- 
 chor Line steamers, and three years later, in 
 I'SST, he was made president of that important 
 line, consisting of ten steamers. Six of these 
 steamers run from St. Louis to New Orleans. 
 In January, 1892, Captain Mason was almost 
 unanimously elected to the ])residenc\' of the 
 vSt. Louis Merchants' Exchange. 
 
 He was married November Hi, l.S.'i^, to Miss 
 Mary Tiernan, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, 
 his native town, and their children are: Charles 
 P., William H., (xeorge ^I., Prank I. and ^lary 
 P. — all living. 
 
 .Such are the interesting features of a useful 
 and valuable life, which is the outgrowth of an 
 ancestrv composed of .sturdy Pennsylvania stock, 
 the mother of Captain Mason being a member 
 of the Society of Friends, of which William 
 Peun was the first to settle in that Stale. 
 
 WniTMAX, Cii.VRi.ics ICnwARi), is a member 
 of a family which has given to the agricultural 
 industry many of the inventions that have made 
 it one of the most important in this country. 
 The first member of it to settle in the United 
 States was John Whitman, who came from 
 Holt, England, and made his home in Wev- 
 mouth, Massachusetts, about llioO. He was 
 recognized by all the early settlers as a man of 
 distinction, and his name figures conspicuouslv 
 in the early history of the colonies as one of the 
 men selected, for recognized integrity and abil- 
 ity, to act as arbitrator in disi)ntes between the 
 Puritans. 
 
 His son followed closeh' in his father's foot- 
 steps, and was an influential man among the 
 citizens of Weymouth. After him came the 
 soldier of the family, a man who fought under 
 Washington in the war of the Revolution, and 
 rendered signal service to the cause of liberty. 
 His son was Luther Whitman, who was born in 
 Bridgewater, Massachusetts, March 10, 1802. 
 He married Pamela Elizabeth McDuffy, who 
 came from a Maine family. She was born in 
 South Berwick, Maine, March 14, 180(5, and is 
 still living at Cambridge, Massachusetts, a hale 
 and cheerful woman of eight\--eight. Her hus- 
 band was one of the first men who mannfactured 
 agricultural imiilements in the United States. 
 
 Charles E. WHiitman, one of the .sons of this 
 remarkable couple, first acquired his interest in 
 the business in which he was employed in 
 watching his father's direction of the work- 
 ing the factory where the implements were 
 hammered out. He was born in Wintrop, 
 June 20, l,s;;s, and went to the public schools 
 of that place. Later he was sent to academies 
 in Monmouth and Wintrop, where he .studied 
 assiduously until he was sixteen years old. 
 Then he left the academy and took charge of 
 the books of his father's business for four years. 
 Then the Walter A. Wood Machine Company 
 offered him a remunerative place with their 
 concern, and he accepted it. 
 
 He introduced the machines of the company 
 in New luigland, and after two years he was 
 scut to Chicag(j to manage tlie western sales 
 
256 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 department. His territory then extended from 
 Ohio to the Pacific Coast, the part of the conn- 
 try where most of the reaping and mowing ma- 
 chines were sold. Mr. Whitman pushed his 
 work forward energetically, and by 1870, ten 
 years later, he had built up a gigantic trade 
 with all the farming districts west of the Alle- 
 ghanies. 
 
 The great Chicago fire was an epoch in his 
 life. Every business in the city halted for a 
 while, of course, and in this interval Air. Whit- 
 man, after considering the prospects, decided to 
 establish his own business. Resigning the 
 management of the Wood house, he came to 
 St. Louis in 1871, and with his brothers, Henry 
 and Gustavus Whitman, established the busi- 
 ness which has grown to its present important 
 proportions. 
 
 The venture was successful in the highest 
 degree from the beginning, and in 1875 it was 
 found advantageous to incorjjorate the concern. 
 This was done under the name of the Whitman 
 Agricultural Com])any, with Charles E. Whit- 
 man as president and general manager, and 
 Henry Whitman as secretary. The brothers 
 continue to divide the work and responsibility 
 in this way. 
 
 Among the triumphs of the subject of this 
 sketch is the Whitman baling press, which ob- 
 tained the grand gold medal at the Paris Expo- 
 sition of 1889, as well as a special prize for the 
 best work in the field, awarded by the French 
 government. At the World's Fair, twenty-one 
 highest awards were secured, and the firm's suc- 
 cess was phenomenal. 
 
 Mr. Whitman is a member of the Manufact- 
 urers' and Lumbermen's Exchange; of the Im- 
 plement and Vehicle Association, and of the 
 Merchants' Exchange. He is a Mason of the 
 Blue Lodge and Scottish Rite, and a hard work- 
 ing member of the Mercantile Club and of the 
 Jockey Club. 
 
 In October, LS72, Air. Whitman married Aliss 
 Annie R. Waterman, a daughter of Hon. A. P. 
 Waterman, who is one of the oldest and most 
 prominent and influential citizens of Beloit, 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 Hou.SER, D.A.XIEL M. — On a preceding page 
 in this work, mention is made of the national 
 reputation which St. Louis newsjDapers have ac- 
 quired, and more particularly of the great success 
 of the Globe-Democrat^ which is now occupying 
 one of the most complete and well-arranged 
 newspaper office buildings in the United States. 
 This work would not be complete without at 
 least a passing reference to the President of the 
 Bompany which owns this magnificent building 
 and influential newspaper. This is Air. Daniel 
 Al. Houser, one of the best-known newspaper 
 men and publishers in the West. He is looked 
 upon in St. Louis as one of its safest men, com- 
 bining enterprise and conservatism to an extent 
 which is seldom found in one man. As Presi- 
 dent of the Clobc Printing Company he has 
 been acting biisiness manager of that paper 
 since its publication under its present name, and 
 prior to that he had made himself known in con- 
 nection with his excellent work on the Ciiobe, 
 which he established in connection with Air. 
 William AIcKee, about twenty-two years ago. 
 The (ilobc made its influence felt immediately 
 on publication, and within three years it became 
 consolidated with the Democrat, its senior l)y 
 about a quarter of a century. 
 
 Air. Houser is a native of Alary land, but has 
 resided in Alissouri almost from infanc\-. He is 
 the son of Air. P^lias Houser and Airs. Eliza 
 Houser, formerly Aliss Alalott, and his parents 
 resided at the time of his birth, on December 
 23, 1834, in Washington county, Alaryland. 
 They moved some four years later to Clarke 
 county in this State, where the subject of this 
 sketch attended the country public schools until 
 184(5, when the remo\-al of his parents to St. 
 Louis enabled him to secure better educational 
 advantages. 
 
 After studying three years in tlie public 
 schools, he, in 18r>l, secured a position in a 
 humble capacity in the office of the I 'niou. 
 Like the majority of men who occupy a fore- 
 most position in vSt. Lmiis commercial life. Air. 
 Houser commenced at the very bottom of the 
 ladder and made his way unaided. His progress 
 was very rapid, for he did his work so well that 
 
'fiim^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 Tal 
 
 liis employers almost immediately promoted him 
 to a more important position. 
 
 He was with the Uitio)i when Messrs. Hill 
 and McKee purchased it and merged it with the 
 Missouri Democrat. His upward progress con- 
 tinued unchecked until the Honorable Francis 
 P. Blair bought out :\Ir. Hill, when Mr. Houser, 
 who had just attained his majority, was ap- 
 pointed book-keeper and general manager. 
 Not long after he bought out Mr. Blair and 
 secured a large interest in the firm of McKee, 
 Fishback & Company. For the next ten years 
 he acted as business and financial manager of 
 the paper, and although this decade included 
 the war years, he made the paper such a suc- 
 cess that Mr. Fishback finally purchased the 
 interest of his two partners for a trifle less than 
 half a million dollars. 
 
 This transaction led to the establishment of 
 the .SV. Louis Globe, of which Mr. Houser be- 
 came business manager. The new paper started 
 out full of life and energy, and three years later 
 Messrs. McKee and Houser repurchased their 
 stock in the amusingly misnamed Republican 
 newspaper, the Democrat.^ and the Globc-Dcmo- 
 craty whose subsequent career has been so re- 
 markable and influential, came into existence. 
 ^Ir. McKee became president of the new com- 
 pany and retained the position until his sudden 
 death in December, 1879, when Mr. D. AI. 
 Houser succeeded him. He has thus, for about 
 fifteen years, been in absolute control of the 
 business section of one of the most important 
 papers in the country. 
 
 vSocially, Mr. Houser is exceedingly popular, 
 and his kindness of heart is proverbial. Rec- 
 ognizing the fact that his position gave him 
 exceptional and, perhaps, a slightly unfair ad- 
 vantage, he has kept scrupulously aloof from 
 partisan politics, and has always refu.sed to ac- 
 cept office of any kind, although he has been 
 often asked to depart from his resolution in this 
 respect. He is regarded by the newspaper fra- 
 ternity as one of the ablest newspaper managers 
 in the country, and he is a personal friend and 
 adviser of each of his numerous employes. 
 In 1862 Mr. Houser married Miss Maggie In- 
 
 17 
 
 gram, of this city. The result of this union was 
 two sons and a daughter. The oldest son, Will- 
 iam M., is now treasurer of the Globe Printing 
 Company, and the younger, Mr. Daniel M.,Jr., is 
 also in that company's employ. Mrs. Houser 
 died in February, 1880, and on January 23, 
 1889, Mr. Houser married Miss Agnes Barlow, 
 daughter of Stephen D. Barlow, by whom he 
 has three children. The family resided in a 
 very pleasant home at 1724: Chouteau avenue, 
 but Mr. Houser has just erected an exception- 
 ally handsome house at 4525 West Pine street. 
 
 Crunden, Frederick Morgan, deserves 
 special mention in a record of the achievements 
 of the leading citizens of St. L,ouis, on account 
 of his faithful labors in behalf of a free library. 
 When ]\Ir. Crunden began to agitate the ques- 
 tion of the abolition of the small fees charged 
 at the Public Library, he received little encour- 
 agement, except of a sympathetic character, and 
 few people thought he would succeed in his cru- 
 sade. He, however, persevered, in spite of dis- 
 couragement, and pointed out again and again, 
 with much force, that the small fees charged 
 pressed most heavily on those least able to pay 
 them, and that they were a distinct tax upon 
 study and a hindrance to those in search of a 
 higher education. The old Public School Li- 
 brary, now known as the Public Library, is now 
 free in fact as well as name, and that Mr. Crun- 
 den was correct in his estimates and deductions 
 is evidenced by the enormous increase in the 
 attendance and demand for books. 
 
 The man who has the distinction of being the 
 first librarian of the first public free library in 
 St. Louis is of English descent. His parents, 
 Benjamin R. and Mary (Morgan) Crunden, re- 
 sided at Gravesend, at the mouth of the river 
 Thames, in England, where, on September 1, 
 1848, Frederick ^L was born. He was brought 
 to America when he was an infant, and soon 
 entered the public schools of this city. 
 
 :\Ir. B. R. Crunden died when Frederick i\L 
 was quite \-oung, leaving Mrs. Crunden with 
 two voung sons. The St. Louis Public Libra- 
 rian attributes all his success in life to his 
 
258 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 mother's noble example and admirable train- 
 ing. 
 
 When thirteen years of age he entered the 
 High School, with a higher percentage than any 
 other applicant, and he gradnated from the 
 High School with such honors that he was 
 awarded the scholarship of Washington Univer- 
 sity given to the first in the graduating class. 
 
 Skipping the Freshman's class he entered 
 the Sophomore class, and graduated with hon- 
 ors in 18(511. For about eight months he taught 
 in the University Academy, and was next ap- 
 pointed principal at Jefferson School. In the 
 following year he was made principal of the 
 Benton School, and opened the new building on 
 Ninth and Locust streets. His next position 
 was as professor of elocution at Washington 
 University, but at the close of the term of 187 (J 
 he was compelled to resign this position on ac- 
 count of weakness of the throat. After spend- 
 ing the winter in Colorado he was, on January 
 7, 1877, installed as librarian of the Public 
 School Library in the old Polytechnic Building. 
 
 He at once commenced a system of reform in 
 the management of the library, and in a few 
 years had brought it to a high state of perfec- 
 tion. By nature a book-lover and collector, he 
 adopted a system of catalogiiing which proved 
 a great advance on past efforts, and the library 
 soon became a favorite resort of students and 
 scholars, as well as of the pupils of the public 
 schools, for whose use the library was originally 
 designed. In 1889 the American Library Asso- 
 ciation recognized the ability of Mr. Crunden 
 by making him its fourth president, and quite 
 recently he was offered the librarianship at the 
 Newberry Library at Chicago, a position he 
 declined at the earnest solicitation of the library 
 committee, and because he was anxious to com- 
 plete the great work he had undertaken so zeal- 
 ously here. 
 
 As a public citizen Mr. Crunden's position is 
 very high. He is a member of the Mercantile 
 Club, and was one of the earliest members of the 
 University Round Table and McCulloch clubs. 
 He is also a member of the Artists' Guild and 
 an enthusiastic worker on the executive com- 
 
 mittee of the Missouri Civil Service Reform As- 
 sociation. 
 
 In June, 1889, Air. Crunden married Miss 
 Kate Edmondson, daughter of the late Edmund 
 J. Edmondson, a distinguished English tenor 
 singer and musical director, whose name fre- 
 qiiently appeared in high-class programmes 
 in Manchester and the North of England. 
 Their only son is named Frederick Edmondson 
 Crunden. 
 
 Anderson, William T., president of the 
 Farmers' Elevator Company, and ex-president 
 of the Merchants' Exchange, is one of the most 
 influential grain men in the West. He is a man 
 of intense earnestness and of high moral char- 
 acter, and he has won for himself the respect 
 and admiration of all classes of citizens, includ- 
 ing in this term all connected with the Mer- 
 chants' Exchange, and also politicians of all 
 shades of opinion. Mr. Anderson is one of the 
 few wealthy citizens who have been persuaded 
 to take an active part in the administration of 
 local affairs. Some three years ago, when there 
 was so much complaining about the administra- 
 tion of public affairs, people generally looked 
 around for some reliable man who could be sent 
 to the Council and influence legislation in the 
 right direction. Mr. Anderson was persuaded 
 to make the necessary sacrifice of his time and 
 accept the nomination on the Democratic ticket. 
 He received not only the full vote of his own 
 party, but the support of a large number of Re- 
 publicans, who saw in him a business man who 
 would introduce into municipal politics the same 
 principles which had made him wealthy and re- 
 spected in his private career. Both as a mem- 
 ber of the City Council, and as president of the 
 Merchants' Exchange during the year 1893, Mr. 
 Anderson cemented his hold on the affections 
 and respect of the people. His fearless exposure 
 of wrong while in the Council has been com- 
 mented upon with special favor, and he has not 
 given a vote, while in office, which could be 
 regarded as opeu to suspicion or censure. 
 
 Mr. Anderson is a Missourian by birth. He 
 was born in Randolph county, Missouri, in 1842. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 269 
 
 When he was quite young he was taken by his alxiut, have already been spoken of. That Mr. 
 parents, Benjamin and Sarah (Westlake) An- Anderson is a Democrat has ahnost been forgot- 
 derson, to Cohimbia, and he was raised within ten since his election, because his work has been 
 sight of the State University. His parents were so strictly business-like in character that he has, 
 
 in the discharge of his duties, lost sight of mere 
 party questions. He has served with marked 
 
 well-known and substantial citizens, and he 
 himself comnu-nced business in Columbia as a 
 grocer and queens ware merchant. Succeeding 
 bevond his expectations, he soon became enabled 
 to acquire the well-known Columbia Mills, which 
 he operated with marked success for several years. 
 
 Early in the eighties, Mr. Anderson determined 
 to locate in a metro- 
 politan city, in order 
 that the laudable 
 ambition which he 
 felt should have full 
 scope for operation. 
 He accordingly lo- 
 cated in St. Ivouis, 
 and immediately be- 
 came identified with 
 the commission busi- 
 ness, establishing the 
 firm of W. T. An- 
 derson & Compau)-. 
 From the first he 
 was a popular and 
 influential member 
 of the Merchants' 
 Exchange, and 
 served that bod\- in 
 several capacities 
 until the year Is;!,), 
 when, as already 
 mentioned, he was 
 elected to the highest office 
 of the members. He made 
 sive president, and it was during his adminis- 
 tration that the long-needed changes, including 
 the reorganization and practical rebuilding of 
 the Exchange, were finally got into proper 
 shape. The improvements, which are now 
 nearly completed, bear out, in every respect, the 
 expectations of Mr. Anderson and those who 
 gave support to his policy. 
 
 His election to the City Council, and the con- 
 ditions and indeed abuses which brought it 
 
 WILLIAM T. ANDF;| 
 
 within 
 a verv 
 
 the gift 
 progres- 
 
 success on the committees on municipal affairs, 
 claims and legislation, public improvements and 
 ways and means. He has made himself con- 
 spicuous by insisting that suitable men be ap- 
 pointed to responsible positions, and has not 
 allowed mere party 
 obligations to blind 
 his judgment in 
 matters of a strictly 
 business character. 
 Thanks largely to 
 his efforts, first-class 
 men are at the head 
 of more than one 
 important city de- 
 partment, and every 
 municipal officer 
 feels that he has Mr. 
 Anderson behind 
 him in any effort to 
 do right, regardless 
 of consequences. 
 
 Another matter 
 which brought Mr. 
 Anderson • promi- 
 nently to the front 
 as a local legislator 
 was the way in which 
 he insisted upon a 
 proper collection of taxes of all character. 
 
 While attending to his public duties Mr. An- 
 derson has also been very successful in his own 
 affairs. He is now quite a wealthy man, and in 
 addition to being president of the Farmers' Ele- 
 vator Company, he is also director and a large 
 stockholder in the St. Louis National Bank. 
 
 On September 1^, ISiJS^ ]\Ir. Anderson married 
 Mi.ss Bettie (xertrude Baker, of Columbia, by 
 whom he has had five children. His early asso- 
 ciations with Columbia have cau.sed him to re- 
 tain for that town a most friendly interest, and 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 he has recently erected an electric light and 
 water plant at Colnmbia, at a cost of nearh- a 
 hundred thousand dollars. This plant was com- 
 pleted during last year, and is of inestimable 
 value to the little Missouri town so intimately 
 connected with State education and learning. 
 
 EiSEMAN, Benjamin, or "Ben" Eiseman, as 
 he is known to his hundreds of friends in St. 
 Louis and the territory which his firm supplies 
 with dry goods, is one of the most prominent 
 men in the wholesale trade of this city. He is 
 the credit man and general financial and oflfice 
 manager of the firm of Rice, Stix & Company, 
 in which he is also a partner. His reputation 
 for sound common sense is of the highest, and 
 he is frequently consulted by his business friends 
 and associates on matters involving the invest- 
 ment of large sums of money, and on special 
 points of commercial policy. But to know Mr. 
 Eiseman thoroughly and to appreciate his ster- 
 ling merits at their true worth, one must come 
 in contact with him in social life. He is kind- 
 hearted to a fault, and is always ready to lend 
 his hand and heart towards bettering the condi- 
 tion of his fellow-men. No charity in the city 
 of St. Louis asks in vain for his assistance, and 
 he is exceptionally broad-minded in his benevo- 
 lence, neither the creed nor race of an applicant 
 for relief having any influence at all upon his 
 actions. The essential qualities of his make-up 
 are very similar to those which attracted world- 
 wide admiration in Sir Moses Montefiori during 
 the most active part of his long life. Like all 
 men who have a large acquaintance among 
 commercial travelers, Mr. Eiseman is a prince 
 among entertainers, and his pleasant home on 
 Pine street, two blocks east of Grand avenue, is 
 the scene of frequent gatherings and reunions 
 of the most interesting character. 
 
 Mr. Eiseman is about sixty years of age, hav- 
 ing been born in Baden, Germany, in the year 
 1833. His parents were Mr. J. W. and Mrs. 
 Fanny (Kaufman) Eiseman, and the former 
 died when the subject of this sketch was but 
 fourteen years of age. This compelled him to 
 leave school and commence to earn his own liv- 
 
 ing, so that the bulk of his education has been 
 obtained by private study out of office hours. 
 For about five years young Eiseman clerked in 
 a mercantile and banking establishment at 
 Baden, but in the year 1854 he decided to come 
 to America and map out a career for himself. 
 
 Settling in Philadelphia, the young immi- 
 grant attended school for one year so as to make 
 himself acquainted with the language of the 
 country of his adoption. An uncle, who was in 
 the dry goods business at Davenport, Iowa, then 
 offered him a clerkship, which he accepted. 
 Later he did similar work at St. Joseph, Mis- 
 souri, and shortly after the outbreak of the war 
 he removed to Memphis. In that city he be- 
 came acquainted with Messrs. Henry Rice and 
 William Stix, and these three enterprising gen- 
 tlemen established a wholesale and retail dry 
 goods house in that war-stricken city. Besides 
 establishing this new business on a sound foot- 
 ing, Mr. Eiseman lent his aid to the vigorous 
 effort made to restore Memphis to a more satis- 
 factory condition commercially. He assisted in 
 the organizing of several insurance companies, 
 and also worked very earnestly on behalf of the 
 First National Bank, of which organization he 
 became a director. 
 
 In the year IJSdT the wholesale business of 
 Rice, Stix &; Company, as the new firm was 
 styled, had become so extensive that it was 
 deemed advisable to abandon the retail branch, 
 and the house became, what it is to-day, an ex- 
 clusively wholesale dry goods company. As a 
 result of the yellow fever epidemic of 1871>, the 
 firm established a house in St. Louis, selecting 
 as quarters a store on Broadway, between Locust 
 and St. Charles streets. In 1881 the great suc- 
 cess of the St. Louis house led to the headquar- 
 ters of the firm being moved entirely to this 
 city, the Memphis establishment not being 
 continued. The wisdom of the change has 
 been thoroughly shown, for St. Louis has now 
 become one of the leading wholesale centers in 
 the country, more especially in dry goods, no- 
 tions and furnishing goods, in which Rice, Stix 
 & Company are very prominent. The premises 
 first secured soon proved inadequate for their 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 261 
 
 purpose, and the larger house at the corner of 
 Broadway and St. Charles street was also out- 
 grown by the end of the year l<S8i», the firm 
 moving on New Year's Day, 1«90, to the com- 
 mercial palace they now occupy on Washington 
 avenue at the corner of Tenth street. The mem- 
 bers of the firm are Henry Rice, William Stix, 
 Jonathan Rice, Benjamin Eiseman, David Eise- 
 mau and Elias Michael. All of these men enjoy 
 the respect and confidence of a large section of 
 the dry goods trade of the country, and more 
 especially in the 
 Southern and South- 
 western States. 
 
 As already men- 
 tioned, the subject 
 of thissketch has en- 
 tire control of the 
 financial and office 
 management of the 
 main establishment; 
 ^Ir. Henry Rice tak- 
 ing charge of the ex- 
 tensive branch office 
 at New York. Mr. 
 Eiseman is a promi- 
 nent member of the 
 Mercantile, Harmo- 
 nic andFairGrounds 
 Jockey clubs, and no 
 movement for the 
 1 )etterment of the city 
 of St. Louis has 
 failed to secure his 
 hearty co-operation. 
 
 He is also a director in the Continental National 
 Rank, and gives his entire attention to business 
 and financial matters. He has never taken a 
 prominent part in politics, and is looked upon 
 as one of the most liberal-minded men on all 
 iiuestions that St. Louis possesses. He is 
 strictly a self-made man, and has great sym- 
 pathy for young men who are endeavoring to 
 make their way in the world against heavy odds. 
 
 Warnkr, Ch.\rlk.s GriLLK, an ex])erienced 
 railroad man, has worked his \va\- up from the 
 
 C. a. WARNER 
 
 bottom of the ladder to the responsible position 
 of vice-president and general auditor of the 
 great Missouri Pacific Railroad system. He is 
 about fifty years of age, and although born in 
 the State of Ohio, is a thorough western man 
 in his instincts and habits, and more particularly 
 in his industry and love for hard work. He has 
 resided in Missouri ever since the war, and for 
 about a quarter of a century has been a St. Louis 
 man, and a firm believer in the importance and 
 future of the city of his adoption. 
 
 He was boru in 
 Zanesville, Ohio, on 
 December 28, 1844, 
 his parents being 
 Daniel and Juliette 
 Hester Warner. He 
 was n a t u r a 1 1 }' a 
 bright, intelligent 
 boy, and while at- 
 tending the public 
 schools at Chilli- 
 cothe in his uati\-e 
 vState he ad\'anced 
 \ery rapidly in the 
 rudiments of educa- 
 tion. A course of 
 study at Washington 
 Academy, Washing- 
 ton, Kentucky, fur- 
 ther equipped him 
 for the battle of life, 
 but he left without 
 graduating, at the 
 age of fifteen. From 
 that time he has fought his own way in the 
 world, and his success is due entirely to his per- 
 severance, integrity and sterling common sense. 
 The best opening that presented itself to him 
 on leaving college was a clerkship in a dry 
 goods house at Alton, Illinois, a city which at 
 that time was much more important, compara- 
 tively speaking, than it is now. He (luickly 
 secured the confidence of his employers, and 
 would probably have made his mark in the 
 commercial world but for the fact that on the 
 outbreak of the war he abandoned the dr\- goods 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 counter for the battlefield. Giving the contro- 
 versy between Xorth and South his careful 
 attention, he decided to enlist in the Thirty- 
 second Regiment of Missouri Infantry Volun- 
 teers, which was commanded by Colonel F. Isl. 
 Manter, of St. Louis. He joined the regiment 
 as a private in 1862, ser\-ing with a large num- 
 ber of gentlemen who have since risen to prom- 
 inence in this section, among them being Judge 
 A. J. Seay, who has since become Governor of 
 Oklahoma. 
 
 Mr. Warner had risen to the rank of captain 
 by the time his term of service had expired. On 
 being mustered, out Captain Warner located on 
 a farm in Jefferson county, this State. He found 
 farming fairly profitable, but finally abandoned 
 it for a more active career. Hunting around for 
 a position he accepted the first vacancy, which 
 was delivery clerk in the employ of the Great 
 Western Despatch, which was operating on the 
 Ohio & Mississippi Railroad. His aptitude for 
 railroad work was peculiarly demonstrated in 
 this comparatively humble position, and in ISiiH 
 a clerkship was offered him in the St. Louis 
 offices of the Missouri Pacific Railroad. 
 
 From that time forward Captain Warner's ad- 
 vance has been rapid. Although not backed up 
 by any special influence, he has been promoted 
 again and again, until he has finally become, as 
 already stated, vice-president and auditor of one 
 of the largest railroad systems in the world. 
 
 Captain Warner married Miss Anna Cecilia 
 Roden long before prosperity came to him. He 
 has three daughters who reside with him in his 
 elegant St. Louis home. He is very popular in 
 railroad and also in commercial and society cir- 
 cles, and is a member of the Mercantile and 
 other clubs. 
 
 RvAX, O'Neill, son of Richard Ryan, native 
 of Tipperary, Ireland, civil engineer, and ;\Iar- 
 garet (O'Neill) Ryan, a daughter of Oliver 
 O'Neill, one of the heroes of '98, was born in 
 St. Louis, January o, I8I1O — six years before his 
 father's death. 
 
 He attended the public schools at St. Louis, 
 and even in his early boyhood developed great 
 
 ability as an elocutionist. His great ambition 
 was to acquire a classical education, but at the 
 age of thirteen years he was compelled to begin 
 work on his own account. After a few years 
 he entered the law office of Hon. Given Camp- 
 bell (in the capacity of ofl5ce-boy), one of the 
 leading lawyers in the West. ^Ir. Campbell at 
 once recognized his sterling qualities, and In- 
 guiding his studies enabled him to a great ex- 
 tent to make up the lack of collegiate training. 
 
 When only twenty years of age ]Mr. Ryan 
 passed his examination in the Circuit Court at 
 St. Louis with great credit to himself, and at 
 once began the practice of law. Starting out 
 under his friend and guide, Mr. Campbell, he 
 mapped out a course for himself, and was soon 
 recognized as one of the ablest members of the 
 bar in the Circuit and Federal courts in St. 
 Louis. Mr. Ryan's special forte is pleading. 
 He has a large clientage, and never lets an im- 
 portant point escape attention. He continues 
 to keep up the high standard his talents and 
 energy have established, and is much feared b\- 
 opposing counsel, especially in jury cases. 
 
 He has inherited, to a marked degree, the 
 patriotism and loyalty of his ancestors. To his 
 mother he owes the strong individualit}- which 
 has marked his career, and his steadfastness of 
 purpose and perseverance in the right. To her, 
 also, he owes his unfailing faith in the people 
 and their right and capacity to govern them- 
 selves. The love of liberty has been instilled 
 from his earliest infancy, and his speeches in 
 favor of greater freedom for the oppressed peo- 
 ple of Ireland are but the natural result of the 
 early training and strong character of a noble 
 mother, who knows so well how much and how 
 long her native land has suffered. 
 
 ^Ir. Ryan has been connected with the Irish 
 National League of America since 1881, and in 
 1884, at Boston, was elected first vice-presi- 
 dent, and was unanimously elected chairman at 
 the last convention in Chicago. He was the 
 orator of the day in New York, at the Academy 
 of :\Iusic, :\Iarch 4, 1892, at the Emmet cele- 
 bration, and also at Philadelphia in March, 1894. 
 In the summer of 1892 he was one of three com- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 263 
 
 missioiiers sent to Ireland l)y the National 
 Leagne to endea\-or to nnite the warring fac- 
 tions in the Irish Parliamentary party. 
 
 In 18;h) he was elected Snpreme Chancellor of 
 the Legion of Honor, a prominent local organi- 
 zation, and discharged the duties of this impor- 
 tant office with singular ability. In 1892 he 
 responded to the toast, "The Day We Cele- 
 brate," at the banquet of the Knights of St. 
 Patrick, of which he is a distinguished member. 
 
 \\'hen an almost friendless boy, with but 
 limited opportuni- 
 ties, hews a path- 
 way for his own ad- 
 V a n c e m e n t , and 
 scales the heights of 
 success and honor, 
 the world should 
 gladly make record 
 of his name. We are 
 all too prone to think 
 of aman's present po- 
 sition as something 
 which has always 
 existed. Mr. Ryan 
 to-dav views the fut- 
 ure from the van- 
 tage ground his own 
 efforts have raised ; 
 but with this he is 
 not content, and his 
 studious habits and 
 careful work promise 
 still greater profes- om n 
 
 sional advancement. 
 
 In St. Louis Mr. Ryan's ability as an orator 
 is thoroughly appreciated, and he is usually the 
 first man called upon to assist on occasions where 
 a brilliant speech is desired. He has spoken in 
 nearly every large city in America. He is an 
 orator in the broad sense. His words, at will, 
 flow zephyr-like, bearing the roses' sweets, and 
 bid defiance to logic and reason, or fall in clear- 
 ciU sentences of deliberate argument. There 
 is in him that remarkable and almost inimi- 
 table versatilitv which fits him for the ros- 
 
 a power before a jury or in an appellate court. 
 
 Mr. Ryan is a bachelor, and, being a great 
 reader, pays but little attention to society. 
 
 In politics he has always been a Democrat, 
 and active in every campaign in the city of 
 St. Louis, where he is very popular. He has 
 wisely left office to his friends and devoted him- 
 self to his profession. 
 
 Burleigh, William John, M.D., was born 
 in Providence, Rhode Island, Augu.st 15, 185,'), 
 in the com m o n 
 schools of which city 
 he acquired his early 
 education, graduat- 
 ing from the Provi- 
 dence High School 
 in 1.S72, when he 
 began a collegiate 
 course at the Fount- 
 ain Academy, then 
 under the control of 
 the Christian Broth- 
 ers. 
 
 In 1874 he came 
 west with his par- 
 ents, James K. and 
 Mary(McShea) Bur- 
 leigh, and in 1879 
 he began the study 
 of medicine in the 
 Homceopathic Med- 
 ical College of Mis- 
 ^,y ^^ souri, attending one 
 
 session only. Iul880 
 he entered the Mis.souri Medical College, and 
 graduated in the spring of 188;-?. In July he 
 went to Philadelphia, and attended the Hahne- 
 mann Medical College of that city for one year, 
 graduating in spring, 1884. He then returned 
 to St. Louis, and has ever since made this cit\- 
 his home. The Doctor has figured very promi- 
 nently in connection with the homceopathic 
 brethren as clinician of the Homoeopathic 
 Medical College in 18S4, which position he con- 
 tinued to fill until called to the chair of profes- 
 
 trum or the political meeting, and makes him sor of clinical medicine and physical diagnosis. 
 
264 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 He severed his connection with the college in 
 1891. He has always evinced a lively interest 
 in the State National Gnards, having at one 
 time carried a musket in the ranks of the famous 
 " Rainwater Rifles;" he has also been appointed 
 and acted as assistant surgeon of the First Regi- 
 ment, N. G. M., with the rank of captain. He 
 is a member of the famous " Marquette Club." 
 Dr. Burleigh is a polished, cultured and 
 graceful gentleman, suggestive of the olden 
 school, yet possessed of all the vigor, ambition 
 and " get up and get" of the modern. He is 
 in the prime of life, and, as yet, travels the 
 social world in single harness. The Doctor has 
 worked earnestly, early and late, never flagging 
 in his energy, and, as a result, he has now that 
 of which any man might well feel proud. 
 
 Clark, vS. H. H., president and general man- 
 ager of the Union Pacific Railroad, and whose 
 excellent work for the Missouri Pacific led to his 
 being also elected president of that mammoth sys- 
 tem, is probably the best known and most influ- 
 ential railroad man west of the Mississippi river. 
 His work in connection with the Union Pacific 
 Railway, has been of the highest possible order, 
 so much so that when on the death of Mr. Ja}- 
 Gould, Mr. Clark was elected president of the 
 Missouri Pacific Railroad, the directors of the 
 Union Pacific ignored his resignation and insisted 
 on his continuing at their head, at least for a 
 time. Their importunity and determination 
 met with the desired result, and finally the dif- 
 ficulties were adjusted by Mr. George Gould 
 accepting the presidency of the Missouri Pacific, 
 leaving Mr. Clark at the head of the corpora- 
 tion whose affairs he had straightened out so 
 ably. 
 
 The details of Mr. Clark's early life are mea- 
 ger, but enough of them is known to show that 
 he owes all his prosperity and reputation to his 
 own individual exertions. To say that he is a 
 self-made man, is to use an expression repeated 
 so frequently that it has lost its real significance. 
 Mr. Clark was born on a farm near Morristown, 
 New Jersey. His father was not a wealth)- 
 man, and when the subject of this sketch was 
 
 but eleven years of age, an accident to Mr. Clark, 
 Sr., threw the son upon his own resources. 
 Hunting around for employment which would 
 provide food and clothing, young Clark found 
 a position in as tone quarrj-, where he worked 
 for some time. Fortunately he was of a studious 
 disposition and continued his studies at night, 
 although often too tired after a hard day's work 
 to do much reading. 
 
 While still a boy he obtained employment on 
 a local railroad. His position was an humble 
 one, but he gave it the most careful attention 
 and rapidly rose in the ranks. Finally he be- 
 came conductor of a passenger train running 
 out of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Here his ster- 
 ling abilities made themselves evident, and at- 
 tracted the attention of Mr. Sidney Dillon, of 
 New York, who formed a strong friendship for 
 the intelligent and handsome conductor, and 
 finally appointed him general manager of the 
 Flushing Railroad on Long Island. The inter- 
 est of Mr. Dillon, and his New York associates, 
 were so well looked after, that when Mr. Dillon 
 secured a controlling interest in the Union Pa- 
 cific system in 1S()8, Mr. Clark was sent for 
 and was appointed first general freight agent. 
 Promotion followed rapidly, and the name of 
 second vice-president, and general manager, 
 Clark, ver>- soon became a household word in 
 national railroad circles. 
 
 It was while discharging the arduous duties 
 of this position that Mr. Clark first came into 
 contact with Mr. Jay Gould, and a very warm 
 friendship sprung up between the great railroad 
 king and the gentleman who was so faithfully 
 watching the interests of those who had placed 
 their trust in him. In 1884 Mr. Gould per- 
 suaded Mr. Clark to accept the general manage- 
 ment of the Gould southwestern system, and 
 from November 188(j he had full control of that 
 magnificent system, with its 7,000 miles of 
 track, and its earnings of nearly thirty millions 
 per annum. When Mr. Gould secured a con- 
 trolling interest in the Union Pacific, he at once 
 selected Mr. Clark as president. 
 
 ;\Ir. Clark is not yet, by any means, an old 
 man, although his attention to details and gen- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 26o 
 
 eral hard work have somewhat impaired his 
 healtli. He is a man of very fine presence, 
 considerably above the average height, and 
 very deliberate and convincing in his speech. 
 
 JoxKS, Breckinridge, was born October 2, 
 18.")(), near Danville, Boj-le county, Kentucky. 
 His father was Daniel Wni. Jones, who married, 
 October 18, 1842, Rebecca Robertson Dunlap. 
 He was a merchant and extensive farmer and 
 trader in Central Kentucky, until the breaking 
 out of the civil war. 
 He was out-spoken 
 in his sympathies for 
 the South, and there- 
 for, in November, 
 I•'^lil, was indicted 
 for treason in the 
 Federal court, at 
 Frankfort, Ken- 
 tucky. His health 
 prevented him from 
 enlisting in the con- 
 federate army, but 
 his we 1 1-k n o w n 
 Southern sympa- 
 thies forced him to re- 
 main away from his 
 home, and further 
 south, almost 
 throughout the war. 
 At the close of the 
 war he took his fam- 
 ily to New York city, brkckinr 
 where, for two years, 
 
 he was a banker and broker in Wall street. 
 While there, his home was on Staten Island, 
 from which his son, Breckinridge, during the 
 session of 18ti(i-7, attended the then well-known 
 school of George C. Anthon, in New York city. 
 In l.S()7 the father returned with his family 
 to Kentucky, and was the daily companion and 
 adviser of his son during the latter's college 
 days. By this association the views and char- 
 acteristics of the father were impressed on the 
 son. He was of impulsive temperament, quick 
 to resent an insult, decided and pronounced in 
 
 his likes and dislikes, of mature and wise judg- 
 ment, a liberal provider for his family, and 
 a hospitable and constant entertainer of his 
 friends. He was the son of Robert Jones and 
 his wife, Nancy Talbott. This Robert Jones 
 was the son of a Baptist preacher, John Jones 
 and his wife, Elizabeth Elrod, whom he had 
 married at Shallow Ford, then in Yadkin countv, 
 North Carolina, and came to Kentucky among 
 its earliest settlers, living in Bryant Station 
 more than a year. This John Jones was a son 
 of David (or John) 
 Jones, from Wales, 
 and Mary ( Polly ) 
 McCann, from Ire- 
 land. Elizabeth El- 
 rod was the daughter 
 of Robert Elrod, 
 from Germany, and 
 his wife, Sarah Wil- 
 son, from England. 
 Nancy Talbott, the 
 grandmother of the 
 subjectofthissketch, 
 was the daughter of 
 Demovil Talbott, a 
 Revolutionary sol- 
 dier, and his wife, 
 Margaret Williams, 
 both of Bourbon 
 county, Kentnck}'. 
 The mother ( still 
 living) of our sub- 
 ject is of the best 
 strain of those 
 Scotch-Irish settlers who, about 173.T, .settled in 
 the valley of Virginia, and became the earliest 
 and most heroic of Kentucky's earliest settlers. 
 Her brothers were all men of distinction. 
 George W. Dunlap was one of the war con- 
 gressmen from Kentucky, and was for a genera- 
 tion one of the leaders of the bar in his State. 
 He was the father of that gifted Kentucky 
 poetess. Miss Eugenia Dunlap Potts. Theodore 
 Dunlap died in middle-life, a distinguished 
 physician. Richard W. Dunlap was for many 
 vears chairman of the State Board of Health of 
 
 IDOE JONKS. 
 
200 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Kentucky, and a physician of national promi- 
 nence. Another brother, Lafayette Dnnlap, 
 was, at 22 years of age, a member of the Ken- 
 tucky lyegislature, afterwards an officer in the 
 war with Mexico; went to California, in 184.S, 
 and died within a year, having been elected a 
 member of the Legislature there. Her father, 
 George Dunlap (born January 211, 1789, died 
 June 30, 1851), and whose picture adorns the 
 walls of the court-house of Lincoln, one of the 
 three original counties iu Kentucky, was there 
 for many years "a member of the county court 
 under the old constitution." It is said of him 
 that he stood as a public arbitrator among his 
 neighbors, scarcely ever permitting a case to 
 come to trial, and never issued a fee bill in his 
 life. Of this family was the gallant Hugh 
 McKee, another Kentuckian, recognized as one 
 of the heroes of the American navy. He led 
 the attack and was one of the first to reach the 
 forts of Corea, Asia, June 11, 1871. Admiral 
 Rogers, in the report of the fight, said: "The 
 citadel has been named Fort McKee in honor of 
 that gallant officer, who led the assault upon it, 
 and who gave his life for the honor of his flag." 
 
 Breckinridge Jones entered the Kentucky 
 University at Lexington as a freshman, in Sep- 
 tember, 1871, and the next year, his father hav- 
 ing bought a home at Danville, Kentucky, the 
 son entered Centre College, from which he was 
 graduated in 187;'). During the following ses- 
 sion he taught in a graded school at Lawrence- 
 burg, Kentucky, and the two years after was a 
 law student in the office of the distinguished 
 Col. Thomas Peyton Hill, at Stanford, Ken- 
 tucky, being admitted to the bar in 1877. In 
 October, 1878, he came to St. Louis, entering 
 the law office of Lee & Adams. That winter 
 he attended the St. Louis Law School, and the 
 following summer attended the summer law 
 school at the University of Virginia. 
 
 In November, 1883, he was elected, from St. 
 Louis, a member of the Missouri House of Rep- 
 resentatives. 
 
 On October 21, 1885, he married Miss Fran- 
 ces Miller Reid, of Stanford, Kentucky, and 
 four children bless the union. She was a 
 
 daughter of John M. Reid and Elizabeth Hays, 
 his wife, and of Scotch-Irish descent. 
 
 ^Ir. Jones continued the successful practice of 
 the law until the fall of 1888, when, by reason 
 of the interest of himself and immediate friends, 
 he undertook the reorganization of the Decatur 
 Land Improvement and Furnace Company, at 
 Decatur, Alabama. By reason of the yellow 
 fe\-er epidemic there, that year, this work kept 
 him from St. Louis until i81t<)^ when he re- 
 turned and became the secretary of the Missis- 
 sippi Valley Trust Company, at its organization 
 (capital, $1,500,000). In 1893 this company 
 increased its capital stock to |2,()00,000, and in 
 February, 1894, Mr. Jones was elected 2d vice- 
 jsrcsident and counsel, which position he now 
 holds. 
 
 Flshkr, Daniel D., son of Thomas and 
 Elizabeth (Dwiggins) Fisher, was born in Mt. 
 Etna, Indiana, December 16, 1837. He conies 
 from one of the old, and substantial families 
 of that vState. His father is a man of dignit\-, 
 character, and the sturd\- quailities of the earl\- 
 setlers of that State, is still living where his son 
 was born, and is highly esteemed and respected 
 in his declining years. 
 
 He was educated in the public schools of In- 
 diana, and subsequently at Wheaton College, 
 Illinois, where he graduated with honors in 
 INCo. He then studied law at Ottawa, and was 
 admitted to the bar at Springfield, Illinois, 
 early in the )-ear IXiKi. He came to St. Louis 
 in March of the same year, and was shortly 
 afterwards admitted to the bar in this State. 
 
 Mr. Fisher started in life with little to help 
 him, beyond a strong constitution and an 
 energy which admitted of no discouragement. 
 Even during his school and college career he 
 was obliged to work his own way, not having 
 sufficient funds to meet the heavy expense of 
 securing a first-class legal education. He rec- 
 ognized throughout his studies the fact that his 
 future depended entirely upon himself, and he 
 not only acquired a magnificent legal training, 
 but also habits of industry and thrift, whicli 
 ha\-e helped him in the splendid career, which 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 2fi7 
 
 he has been able to map out for himself. Mr. 
 Fisher's success is calculated to encourage young 
 men in every profession, and especially in the 
 one in which he has distinguished himself so 
 signally. As a student, as a young practitioner, 
 as an experienced and pre-eminently successful 
 lawver, and as a circuit court judge, he has 
 excelled, and he has made a record without a 
 blot, and has secured friends by the thousand, 
 as much by his unassuming manner as by 
 his marked and indeed conspicuous ability. 
 
 At the age of twen- 
 t^•-nine Mr. Fisher 
 formed a partnership 
 with Mr. Clinton 
 Rowell, under the 
 firm of Fisher S: 
 Rowell, which com- 
 menced business on 
 April 1, 18(i(i, and 
 continued without 
 change until he be- 
 came judge of the 
 Circuit Court twen- 
 ty-three years later. 
 The young lawyers 
 were not long wait- 
 ing for business and 
 soon became known 
 as among the busiest 
 of the legal frater- 
 nity of the West. 
 They continued 
 working together 
 with great success 
 
 for upwards of twenty-three years, and it was 
 only when ;\Ir. Fisher consented to allow him- 
 self to be placed in nomination for judge of the 
 Cnircuit Court that any question of dissolution 
 was discussed. 
 
 In these years of active practice at the bar, 
 Mr. Fisher's iinn was engaged in much of the 
 important litigation pending in the State and 
 national tribunals. In the fierce contests of 
 the trial courts, where the struggle is in reallife 
 and there are blows to take as well as those to 
 give, he never shrank from any responsibility, 
 
 DANIEL D. FISHER. 
 
 but maintained his cause with unflinching cour- 
 age and marked ability. 
 
 The voters of St. Louis were only too glad of 
 the opportunity of recording their votes for the 
 candidate for the bench who was so admirably 
 adapted in every respect for the position, and 
 he was elected by a large majority. 
 
 Judge Fisher has made a most acceptable 
 judge. He combines with the firmness neces- 
 sary for the preservation of order that absolute 
 impartiality without which justice can hardlv 
 be done to litigants, 
 and he is also so well 
 versed in the law 
 and details of its ad- 
 ministration by the 
 courts, that it is very 
 seldom one of his 
 decisions is overrul- 
 ed, or even appealed 
 from. He brought 
 with him to his high 
 position, thorough 
 knowledge of the 
 law, derived not on- 
 ly from his studies, 
 but from that school 
 where it is best 
 learned long years 
 of acti\-e practice at 
 the bar. Judge Fish- 
 er has an admirable 
 faculty of rapidly 
 comprehending the 
 points presented to 
 him, and thoroughly mastering the facts and 
 legal propositions involved in the case presented. 
 His judgment is sound and thoroughly impar- 
 tial, while he is conscientious and sincerely 
 anxious to decide for the right party his mind 
 is clear and decisive, not oppressed with unnec- 
 essary doubts, enabling him to come to a 
 prompt decision, and in this way he has been 
 eminently successful in dispatching the busi- 
 ness before him. Judge F'isher has an admi- 
 rable temperament for the judicial position. Of 
 even temper and not easily excited, he moves 
 
26S 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 matters forward without disturbance or friction. 
 
 Since being elected to the bench Judge Fisher 
 has retired, somewhat, from active and social 
 life, but he is still highly respected by the com- 
 mercial, as well as the legal fraternity of St. 
 Louis. 
 
 Judge Fisher married shortly after his admis- 
 sion to the bar, Miss Carrie A. McKee, daugh- 
 ter of Mr. David and Mrs. Sarah (Ward) 
 McKee, of Aurora, Illinois. He has one child 
 living, Katherine Pauline, lately married to 
 Lieutenant George Marion Brown, of the United 
 States Army. 
 
 Bond, Henry Whitelaw, Judge of the St. 
 Louis Court of Appeals, and one of the ablest 
 lawyers in Missouri, attained judicial honors at 
 a comparatively early age. He has not yet 
 reached the fiftieth landmark, although he has 
 established his reputation as an able and just 
 judge, and as a man whose decisions are based 
 upon sound law and good common sense. The 
 Judge is a native of Tennessee, having been 
 born near Brownsville, on January 27, 1848. 
 He received a good education in the public 
 schools of his own State, and when sixteen 
 years of age he came to St. Louis, and at once 
 entered the City University, where he enjoyed 
 the advantages of a course of tuition from Prof. 
 Henry Wyman, so many of whose pupils have 
 since distinguished themselves in various pro- 
 fessional careers. He returned to Tennessee in 
 1865, but almost at once went to Harvard. At 
 the close of 18(56 he was once more in his native 
 State, where he studied law under the able as- 
 sistance of Judge Thomas J. Freeman. 
 
 He was admitted to the bar in 1870, just after 
 he had attained his majority, and at once com- 
 menced practicing in Tennessee. The young 
 lawyer made a large number of friends and 
 promptly established his reputation as a good 
 fighter and an able exponent of intricate legis- 
 lation. After practicing about nine years in 
 Tennessee, and establishing a large and lucrat- 
 ive connection, he came on to St. Louis, where 
 he commenced practicing on April 19, 187SI. 
 For one year he had no partner, but he then be- 
 
 came associated with Judge James J. Lindslej^, 
 with whom he was connected until the year 1886. 
 
 In 18(i5 he was elected a member to the 
 Thirty-third General Assembly, and his record 
 in that body was a singularly good one, his 
 name being connected with much excellent leg- 
 islation. At the expiration of his term he re- 
 turned to practice and entered into partnership 
 with Charles Gibson and Charles Eldon Gibson, 
 the firm name being Gibson, Bond & Gibson. 
 This partnership continued for about four years, 
 a specialty being made of corporation law, and 
 man}- cases of immense importance being han- 
 dled by Judge Bond personally with great suc- 
 cess. The co-partnership was terminated by 
 the election of Mr. Bond to a seat on the bench 
 of the St. Louis Court of Appeals. He received 
 the support, in the race, of many men who dif- 
 fered from him politically, but who realized his 
 personal integrity and his singular fitness for 
 the position. 
 
 Fourteen years ago Judge Bond married Miss 
 May D. Miller, daughter of Judge Austin Miller, 
 of Bolivar, Tennes.see. Three children have 
 resulted from the union: Thomas, Irene and 
 Whitelaw. 
 
 Cale, George William, is one of the well- 
 known railroadmen of this city. Although 
 barely fifty years of age, he is thoroughly expe- 
 rienced in his profession, and is freely consulted 
 on matters of special importance, especially 
 relating to railroad freight. His cheerful, oblig- 
 ing disposition, added to his conspicuous ability, 
 has made him a host of friends, and he is looked 
 upon by his associates as a coming man in the 
 railroad world, and as not having yet reached 
 the goal of his ambition. 
 
 Mr. Cale was born in this city, in August, 
 1844, and is the son of William and Evelyn 
 Cale. He attended the public schools, passing 
 through the various divisions, and acquiring a 
 good, sound education. This he supplemented 
 by a course of book-keeping at Jones' Commer- 
 cial College, and then obtained a position in a 
 humble capacity for the Blue Line Fast Freight 
 Company. He fulfilled his duties faithfully and 
 
UC ^^^^^^(l^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 269 
 
 well for a few years, and then secnred a more 
 lucrative position in the office of the Star Union 
 Line, which was managed in St. Louis at that 
 time by Mr. Nathan Stevens. Under the super- 
 vision of this celebrated railroad man he ad- 
 
 and Mr. Cale proved a most efficient officer, so 
 much so that, in December, 1882, Vice-President 
 and General Manager Rogers appointed him 
 assistant freight agent of the 'Frisco system. 
 Shortly afterwards he was promoted to the posi- 
 
 vanced steadih' in subordinate positions, and, a tion of general freight and traffic manager, a 
 
 position he still occupies, and whose business 
 he transacts with conspicuous ability. 
 
 Mr. Cale has mounted the ladder steadily by 
 aid of hard work alone. He is in the enjoyment 
 of excellent health, and bears his fifty years so 
 well that he could 
 easily pass for a 
 younger man. The 
 same careful atten- 
 tion to business de- 
 tails which expe- 
 dited his advance- 
 ment years ago still 
 remains one of the 
 prominent charac- 
 teristics of his daily 
 work. Mr. Cale has 
 given to his office 
 the most careful at- 
 tention and has suc- 
 ceeded in bringing 
 to jnerfection a num- 
 ber of important re- 
 forms. His popu- 
 larity in railroad 
 circles is almost 
 unique, and his ad- 
 vice is frequently 
 sought b\- his nn- 
 
 vacancy occnrrnig in the chief clerkship, he 
 was apjjointed to that important position. 
 
 His success in this capacity attracted the 
 attention of the White Line Express Company, 
 which was operating on the Pacific Railroad, 
 and, accepting a 
 favorable offer, he 
 identified himself 
 with this company, 
 serving under the 
 administration of 
 several presidents, 
 including George R. 
 Taylor, D. R. Garri- 
 son and William Mc- 
 Pherson. He was 
 subsequently ap- 
 pointed chief clerk of 
 the general freight 
 department of the 
 Pacific R a i I r o a d 
 Company, whose of- 
 fices, at that time, 
 were at the corner 
 of Sixth and Olive 
 streets. He with- 
 drew from this posi- 
 tion when the Pa- 
 cific Railroad was 
 leased to the Atlantic & Pacific, and for about 
 six mouths conducted an agency of pooled east- 
 ern freight lines. 
 
 As long as the pool lasted Mr. Cale managed 
 it successfully, and when it was dis.solved he 
 opened the general freight agency office of Cale & 
 Hudson, at Second and Olive streets. The busi- 
 ness proved a great success, but when Mr. Ja\- 
 Gould reorganized the Missouri Pacific and Iron 
 Mountain systems he appointed Mr. Cale gen- 
 eral freight agent of the Missouri Pacific. Mr. 
 Gould's estimate of men was, as usual, correct, 
 
 GEORGE WILLIAM CALE. 
 
 merous friends and fellow-workers. 
 
 Mr. Cale has a family of nine children. Mrs. 
 Cale was formerly Miss Matilda L- Carvell, of 
 St. Louis, and she was married to Mr. Cale in 
 
 is.sd. 
 
 Kovi), WiiJJ.^M GoDDiN, president of the St. 
 Louis Merchants' Exchange, is one of the rep- 
 resentative young men of New St. Louis, whose 
 pluck and energy have assisted so materially in 
 the development of the magnificent resources 
 and commercial possibilities of w-hat is now 
 
270 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 regarded the world over as a city of the first 
 rank. Mr. Boyd comes of excellent Virginia 
 stock, which in him received the polish of Ken- 
 tucky culture. His parents were not wealthy 
 in the nineteenth century meaning of the term, 
 and the man who is now at the head of the first 
 commercial organization of the Mississippi 
 Valley worked his way to the front from a com- 
 paratively insignificant beginning. Always 
 active, alert and intelligent, Mr. Boyd has made 
 his influence felt and his value appreciated 
 from the time when as a boy of sixteen he com- 
 menced to clerk in his father's store until his 
 sterling merit and executive ability were recog- 
 nized substantially by his associates of the 
 Merchants' Exchange, and on February 14, 
 1894, he was elevated to the presidency of that 
 body. 
 
 Mr. Boyd has proved an excellent executive 
 officer, always ready to encourage every enter- 
 prise of a character calculated to impress upon 
 the general public the greatness of St. Louis 
 and to advance its interests in a legitimate man- 
 ner. He is one of the youngest presidents on 
 the long roll of Exchange officers, but he has so 
 far administered the responsibe affairs of his 
 office with an ability which guarantees for him 
 a record at the end of his term which will com- 
 pare favorably with that of any of his predeces- 
 sors. In his general business relations ^Ir. 
 Boyd has been as successful as in his public 
 career, and he is regarded as one of the most 
 substantial and reliable men in the West. 
 
 Mr. Boyd was born at Richmond, Kentucky, 
 in June, 1853, and is hence about forts-one years 
 of age. He comes of excellent stock, uniting 
 the blood of the courageous Virginia cavalier 
 with that of his first cousin, the daring and ad- 
 venturesome Kentucky pioneer, a union which it 
 is claimed has produced the strongest and most 
 perfect type of American manhood — individuals 
 who constitute in many instances an order of 
 natural and genuine nobility. Mr. Boyd's great- 
 grandmother on the maternal side, before her 
 name became Curie through marriage, was a 
 Miss Irvine. She was one of a family of ten 
 daughters and three sous. The whole family 
 
 moved from \'irginia to Central Kentucky about 
 1812, and the sons took an active part in the 
 development of the country. Christopher was 
 killed by the Indians at j\lill Creek. 
 
 Mr. Boyd's uncle, Richmond Curie, was one 
 of the earl)- pioneers of St. Louis. The Bovd's 
 also came to Kentucky about 1812, and the 
 grandfather of the subject of this biograph^•, 
 William G. Boyd, did distinguished duty as a 
 captain in the army of patrols during the Revo- 
 lution. His son, William W., married ^liss 
 Sophie Goddin, and their son, William Goddin 
 Boyd, brings us down again to our actual sub- 
 ject. 
 
 The father, William W. Boyd, was in the dry 
 goods business, and two years after the birth of 
 his son he moved to Lexington, Kentucky, 
 where, under the firm name of Allen &. Boyd, 
 the business was prosperously continued. In 
 this center of Kentucky culture the son re- 
 ceived his early training and education, attend- 
 ing the elementary school, and later the Transyl- 
 vania University at Lexington. 
 
 At the age of sixteen he left the lecture-room 
 for the store, and for three years clerked in his 
 father's establishment, learning a great deal of 
 importance during the time in regard to retail 
 merchandise generally. He was next placed in 
 charge of the office of Clark & Brother, wholesale 
 grocers, in the same town, and after a short con- 
 nection with these gentlemen entered the house 
 of Appleton, Alexander & Duff, wholesale dry- 
 goods merchants. In the following year he 
 accepted a clerkship under Col. A. M. Swope, 
 Collector of Internal Revenue for the Seventh 
 Kentucky District, and was almost immediately 
 promoted to the chief deputyship. 
 
 By this time Mr. Boyd was nearly thirty 
 years of age, and for some time had been on 
 the lookout for a city in which the opportunities 
 for advancement were limited only by the enter- 
 prise and zeal of the worker. He decided that 
 St. Louis was the most desirable city in which 
 to locate, and in October, 1882, he came here 
 and was appointed cashier for the firm of D. R. 
 Francis & Brother. In 1884, on the incorporation 
 of the Francis Commission Company, ]\Ir. Boyd 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 271 
 
 became a director and treasurer, a relation to the 
 company he >et holds. His official connection 
 with the Merchants' Exchange began in Janu- 
 ary, 18il2, by his election as one of its directors. 
 Before the expiration of his term he was elected 
 first vice-president, and on the death of President 
 Harlow, was elected to succeed him. He has 
 represented the Exchange at several important 
 conventions, notably the Missouri River Conven- 
 tion at Kansas City, the Deep-water Convention 
 at Memphis, and the Trans- Mississippi Congress 
 at Ogden, Utah. 
 
 While in K e n- 
 tucky INIr. Boyd was 
 connected witli sev- 
 eral local institutions 
 and was for years a 
 member of the Lex- 
 ington Guards. In 
 St. Louis Mr. Boyd's 
 assistance has been 
 invoked by the pro- 
 moters of public en- 
 terprises of every 
 character. He is a 
 member of the j\ler- 
 cantile and St. Louis 
 clubs; of the Legion 
 of Honor; of the 
 Royal Arcanum, in 
 the Grand Council 
 of which he served 
 for three years; of 
 the Knights of Honor 
 and of the Western 
 
 Commercial Travelers' Association. He is a 
 director of the Pastime Gymnastic Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 In politics Mr. Boyd is a Republican. He 
 is an active Christian worker, and is a deacon of 
 the Grand Avenue Presbyterian Church. 
 
 On December 15, 1875, Mr. Boyd married 
 ^liss Hallie Francis, daughter of IMr. and Mrs. 
 John B. Francis, and a sister of Mis.souri's ex- 
 governor, David R. Francis. Mrs. Boyd died 
 last December, leaving three daughters, aged, 
 respectively, seventeen, fourteen, and si.x. 
 
 WILLIAM QODDIN BOYD. 
 
 Hagerman, Jame.s, is one of the well-known 
 lawyers of St. Louis, though he has only recently 
 moved here. He is at present general solicitor 
 of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway sys- 
 tem, and is about forty-seven years of age, 
 ha\ing been born in Clarke county, Missouri, 
 November 26, 18-4.S. In him are combined the 
 \irile stock of the Old Dominion and the noble 
 blood of the Blue-Grass State, a union which, 
 measured by every law of hereditary influence, 
 gave the inheritor a marked natural advantage 
 in his struggle with 
 the world. Mr. Ha- 
 german's father, 
 Benjamin Franklin 
 Hagerman, was a 
 native of Loudon 
 county, Virgi nia, 
 and came to Missouri 
 when quite young, 
 settling in Lewis 
 county. His mother, 
 .\nn vS. Hagerman, 
 nee Cowgill, was 
 born in Mason coun- 
 ty, Kentucky, and 
 also came to Mis- 
 souri with her par- 
 ents w hen v e r y 
 young, locating in 
 Clarke county. 
 
 The lad attended 
 the village school of 
 Alexandria, in 
 Clarke county, and 
 . Louis, where his 
 
 was afterwards sent to St 
 education was advanced. 
 
 In the spring of 1864 his parents moved to 
 Keokuk, Iowa, and to that promising young 
 city James followed them in the fall of the same 
 year. While in St. Louis he attended Christ- 
 ian Brothers' College, at that time located on 
 Seventh and Cerre streets. Later, he entered 
 Professor Jamieson's Latin School, at Keokuk, 
 and there completed his general education. 
 
 F'rom boyhood Mr. Hagerman determined on 
 the law as his profession, and when he left 
 
272 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 school he entered the office of Rankin &McCrary, 
 and began the reading of law. The young stu- 
 dent's reading was completed at an age so early 
 that under the statutes of Iowa he could not be 
 admitted to the bar in that State, so he posted 
 off down into Missouri in search of Judge Wag- 
 ner, of the Missouri Supreme Bench, and, find- 
 ing him at LaGrange, was duly inducted into 
 the legal profession. 
 
 Returning to Keokuk he entered the ofhce of 
 Rankin & McCrary, with wlrom he remained 
 until the summer of 1869. He next removed to 
 Palmyra, Missouri, and in partnership with Mr. 
 H. L. Lipscomb opened an office for general 
 practice, where he remained for a year and then 
 returned to Keokuk. Here, in 1875, he became 
 a member of the legal firm of McCrary, Hager- 
 man & McCrary. In 1879 Judge George W. 
 McCrary was appointed judge of the Eighth 
 Federal Circuit, and on his retirement from 
 practice, Frank Hagerman (now of the Kansas 
 City bar), brother of the subject of this biogra- 
 phy, was taken into partnership, the firm be- 
 coming Hagerman, McCrary & Hagerman. 
 
 On Judge McCrary's resignation from the 
 bench early in 1884, he was appointed general 
 counsel for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 
 Railroad, and Mr. Hagerman accepted the gen- 
 eral attorneyship of the road, and moved to 
 Topeka, Kansas, ending a term of fourteen 
 years' practice at Keokuk. 
 
 He acted as general attorney for the " Santa 
 Fe " for two years, or until May, 188(3, when 
 he located in Kansas City, which was then at 
 the zenith of its commercial prosperity, and 
 under the firm name of Warner, Dean & Hager- 
 man formed a partnership with the two leading 
 legal lights — William Warner and O. H. Dean. 
 From 1888 to 1891 Mr. Hagerman, in con- 
 nection with his other practice, acted as general 
 counsel for the receivers of the Missouri, Kan- 
 sas & Texas Railway. So ably did he conduct 
 the legal affairs of the road during that period 
 that on the reorganization of the system in 1891 
 he was called to the responsible position of gen- 
 eral solicitor, a position he now holds, with 
 headquarters in this city. 
 
 Mr. Hagerman, since the beginning, has fol- 
 lowed his profession with all the ardor and de- 
 votion engendered by a genuine love for his 
 work. Such has been his devotion to the law 
 that he would never allow a connection with any 
 other business to interfere with his practice. 
 Like all men who follow a profession with un- 
 flagging industry and undivided attention, he 
 has already reaped the reward of a successful 
 lawyer, the more gratifying, certainly, because 
 he must be considered as having reached only 
 the meridian of life. He is not a lawyer versed 
 only in one special line of practice. While he 
 is considered an authority in corporation law, 
 like many older practitioners in the West, who 
 are the architects of their own legal fortunes, 
 he has run the legal gamut from bottom to top, 
 trying civil and criminal cases in the justice 
 courts, appearing as counsel in civil and crim- 
 inal cases in courts of record, and arguing the 
 merits of causes before referees, boards of arbi- 
 tration, masters of chancery, and the various 
 appellate tribunals. State, Territorial and Fed- 
 eral, up to and including the Supreme Court of 
 the United States, in cases of as great variety 
 (some important, and some not) as the tribunals 
 before which they were brought. He is a law- 
 yer of as great a versatility as ability, forceful 
 in oratory and wise in advisory capacity. 
 
 He has always been an ardent, liberal, pro- 
 gressive Democrat. In 1879 he presided over 
 the Iowa Democratic Convention which nomi- 
 nated Hon. H. H. Trimble for governor, and in 
 1880 was one of the Iowa delegates to the Dem- 
 ocratic National Convention which nominated 
 Hancock for president. In 1888 he was the 
 permanent chairman of the Missouri Democratic 
 Convention which nominated Hon. David R. 
 Francis for governor. He is a member of the 
 Iowa, Kansas and Missouri State Bar associa- 
 tions, and the American Bar Association. 
 
 Mr. Hagerman was married at Palmyra, Mis- 
 souri, to Miss Margaret M. Walker of that town, 
 on October 26, 1871. The marriage has been 
 blessed by two children, Lee W. and James. 
 The former is now at Harvard, while the latter 
 is his father's assistant in the St. Louis office. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 ISarlow, Stki'HEn Douglas, assistant sec- perniaiiently from the presidenc)- and practical 
 retary of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & South- ownership of the road. Mr. Gould at once be- 
 ern Railway, ranks among the best-known and came president, appointing Mr. D. H. S. .Smith 
 
 most experienced railroad men in the West. 
 More than forty years ago, when the St. Louis 
 i^ Iron Mountain Railway Company was first 
 organized, Mr. Barlow was elected secretary and 
 treasurer. He was repeatedly re-elected to this 
 
 local treasurer and Mr. Barlow local secretary. 
 The last named gentleman was also appointed 
 land commissioner for Missouri for the Iron 
 Mountain Road. These positions Mr. Barlow 
 continues to hold, and although he is to-day the 
 
 position, and when the road was completed to oldest railroad man in Missouri, he is far fron: 
 Pilot Knob in 1858 he took a prominent part in being the least active, and certainly rank^ 
 the necessarily important financial arrange- among the most able, and most reliable. 
 
 ments. In Novem- 
 ber of the following 
 year he was elected 
 a director, and liis 
 ability as a railroad 
 ni a u a g e r was so 
 freely recognized 
 that he was made 
 president, continu- 
 ing to hold the posi- 
 tion until the year 
 l.Sdd. In 1871 he 
 went East for the 
 benefit of his health 
 and on returning in 
 the winter of ISTl^-.') 
 Mr. Thomas .\lleu, 
 president of the re- 
 organized St. Louis, 
 Iron Mountain & 
 Southern Railroad, 
 insisted upon his re- 
 suming his relations 
 with the company. 
 
 STEPHEN DOUGLAS BARLOW 
 
 The man who has 
 thus been connected 
 with the Iron Mount- 
 ain Railroad from 
 a time antedating 
 the laying of the first 
 tie, was born in Mid- 
 dlebury, Vermont, 
 February 4, 181 (J. 
 His father was Mr. 
 Jonathan K. Barlow, 
 and his mother was 
 Miss Honor Doug- 
 las, a relative of Sen- 
 ator Stephen A. 
 Douglas, of Illinois. 
 When Mr. Barlow 
 was about t li r e e 
 years old his ])a- 
 rents mo\ed to Cen- 
 esee county. New 
 York, and for about 
 five years he attended 
 the country schools 
 the vicinity of his home. When twelve 
 
 Mr. Barlow then became assistant president, 
 
 which position he occupied with conspicuous years of age he was sent to the Wyoming Acad- 
 emy, where he remained for two years. He 
 next entered the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, 
 near Rochester, New York, where he studied 
 mathematics, as well as Kuglish subjects gen- 
 erally. Naturally independent by disposition, 
 he secured means for the carrying on of his 
 studies by teaching school during the winter 
 months. Later he secured a position with a 
 Batavia, New York, attorney. Here again he 
 used his salary entirely for the purpose of in- 
 
 ability until 1874. A vacancy then occurred in 
 the position of secretary and treasurer, and just 
 about the time that the company was reincorpo- 
 rated under the laws of Missouri and ,\rkansas, 
 .Mr. P>arlow returned to the position he had held 
 during the infancy of the enterprise. In the 
 year l>i7(i Mr. .\llen was elected to Congress, 
 and the multiplicity of his duties having im- 
 paired his health, he finally accepted the his- 
 torical offer of Mr. Jay Gould and retired 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 creasing his education, and altliougli lie was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in l'S;>Ii he did not open an 
 office for himself. 
 
 In 18311, or abont fifty-five years ago, Mr. Bar- 
 low decided to locate in St. Louis. He traveled 
 by water to Cleveland, Ohio, and during the 
 o\-erland route from that point to Indianapolis 
 he doubtless realized the great need of railroads 
 running west, though it is exceedingly doubt- 
 ful that he even dreamt of the important part 
 he was subsequently to play in railroad building 
 and management. He arrived in this city in 
 November, 1839. Mr. Augustus Chouteau, who 
 was then in business at the corner of Market 
 street and the Levee, secured for him a position 
 in the Circuit Court, of which General John 
 Ruland was then clerk. In 1842, on the estab- 
 lishment of the Court of Common Pleas of St. 
 Louis, Mr. Joseph W. Walsh, the first clerk, 
 appointed Mr. Barlow his principal deputy. In 
 1844 the County Court appointed Mr. Barlow to 
 fill the joint office of county clerk and recorder 
 of deeds, which had become vacant by the death 
 of the holder. Mr. Barlow filled out the unex- 
 pired term, and in August, 1847, he was elected 
 by the people for another six years. 
 
 On retiring from this office, Mr. Barlow be- 
 came connected with the Iron Mountain Rail- 
 road, as already explained. In 1869, after the 
 sale of that road to Messrs. Mackey, Read & 
 Company, iNIr. Barlow was nominated for city 
 comptroller, running on the ticket headed by 
 the Hon. Nathan Cole. He was elected, and 
 not only did he prove an excellent comptroller, 
 but he also did service for the city in drafting 
 the new charter. This was not what is known 
 as the " Scheme and Charter," adopted in 1875 
 and 187(i, but many clauses in Mr. Barlow's 
 scheme were incorporated in the one which so 
 materially changed the management of the af- 
 fairs of this great city. 
 
 After the expiration of his term as comptrol- 
 ler, this hard worker took a necessary rest, but 
 in 1876 his friends insisted on his running for 
 the City Council. He was elected and was im- 
 mediately appointed chairman of the committee 
 on ways and means. The \ear 1S7() was one 
 
 of the most eventful in the city's municiiJal his- 
 tory, and Mr. Barlow's committee was called 
 upon to transact business of the greatest possi- 
 ble importance. It did its work well, and the 
 plans it laid down have since been carried out to 
 the city's immense advantage. Mr. Barlow has 
 done other important work. His services on the 
 School Board, both as director and president, have 
 been invaluable, and in 1866, while serving in 
 the State Legislature, he procured the granting of 
 a charter to the Public School Library Associa- 
 tion. He was the first president of this associa- 
 tion and succeeded himself several times. He 
 has lived to see the library established in ele- 
 gant quarters and made absolutely free to cit- 
 izens of St. Louis. Among other positions he 
 has filled may l)e mentioned that of water com- 
 missioner, in the old days, when the problem of 
 supplying St. Louis with water first became an 
 important and, indeed, a serious one. 
 
 In 1839, just before starting west, Mr. Barlow 
 married IMiss Lucy A. Dickson, of Perry, New 
 York. His home life has been an exceptionally 
 happy one. ^Ir. and Mrs. Barlow were regular 
 attendants at St. John's Episcopal Church at its 
 establishment in 1842. For several years he 
 has been senior warden of this church, which 
 he has assisted in every possible manner on 
 every emergency as it has arisen. 
 
 Noox.\N, Edward A., one of the most pop- 
 ular attorneys in St. Louis, and perhaps the best 
 exponent of the young Democracy idea in the 
 West, will be best known to posterity on account 
 of the brilliant record he made for himself dur- 
 ing the four years he occupied the highest posi- 
 tion at the gift of the tax-payers of St. Louis. 
 In the historical section of this work some ref- 
 erence is made to the achievements of iNIayoi 
 Noonan and his administration, and hence it is 
 unnecessary here to go at length into the polic\ 
 adopted and its remarkable results. It may not 
 be out of place, however, to remind our readers 
 that the old Union Depot had been a reproach 
 to St. Louis for twenty years, and that all effort? 
 to pre\ail upon the railroad companies to buil(' 
 a new one failed until Mavor Noonan took tlie 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPEN/UX. 
 
 matter iiji, smoothed over every difficult}- as it 
 arose, and finally liad the pleasure of signing 
 an ordinance giving the necessary powers for 
 the erection of the largest Union railroad sta- 
 tion in the world. For years St. Louis had suf- 
 fered from the want of a northern inlet for rail- 
 roads. To Mayor Noonan the city is indebted 
 for emancipation from bridge monopoly, for he 
 did more than the average citizen can realize to 
 induce and encourage the Burlington system to 
 build its own tracks into St. Louis and to bridge 
 the M i ssouri and 
 
 Mississippi rivers. 
 Space prevents a de- 
 tail of the work done 
 bv Mayor Noonan in 
 the way of securing 
 rapid transit for St. 
 Louis, nor can we 
 here go into the ef- 
 forts he made to se- 
 cure the building of 
 a Cit\- Hall commen- 
 surate to the wealth 
 and importance of 
 the great commercial 
 and financial metrop- 
 olisof the South west. 
 " Ed" Noonan, as 
 the e X - m a \- o r is 
 called by thousands 
 of his friends and 
 acquaintances, is not 
 yet forty-five \ears 
 of age. He was born 
 
 in Reading, Penn.sylvania, in December, 1.S4II. 
 His father, Martin, and his mother, Johanna 
 ( Xagle) Noonan, were both natives of Ireland, 
 who came to this country in their childhood and 
 located in Pennsylvania. He was educated in 
 the public schools of his native town, and de- 
 termining to adopt the legal profession, read law 
 at Reading, and then entered the Albany Law 
 University, at Albany, New York, where he 
 graduated with honors in INTO. He determined 
 to commence practice at once, and hunting around 
 for a location came to the conclusion that he 
 
 HON. ED\\ ARD A, NOONAN. 
 
 could not do better than come to St. Louis and 
 grow up with the city, which was evidently des- 
 tined to become immeasurably great. 
 
 Accordingly, in the fall of 1870 he came to 
 St. Louis, opened a law office and was not long 
 waiting for clients. He proved himself to be a 
 natural born lawyer, and so successful was he 
 with his cases that he became in general demand 
 and soon built up a connection of a very valu- 
 able character. By instinct and inclination a 
 Democrat, he entered heart and soul into the 
 up-hill fight against 
 the then dominant 
 Republicanism, and 
 in 1876 he accepted 
 the nomination for 
 the assi.stant district 
 attorneyship, and, al- 
 though the city was 
 Republican, Mr. 
 Noonan proved the 
 redeeming feature of 
 his ticket, and he was 
 elected by a good 
 majority. Four years 
 later he was nomi- 
 nated and once more 
 elected, and when he 
 ran for the judgeship 
 of the Court of Crim- 
 inal Correction he 
 once more came out 
 triumphant, and took 
 his seat on thebench, 
 a very young, but a 
 very just and able judge. For six years he dis- 
 pensed justice with mercy and then resigned in 
 order to make the race for the mayoralty. This 
 was in 1879, when the Republicans put up a 
 very strong ticket, headed by a manufacturer of 
 excellent standing. Judge Noonan's chances of 
 election appeared remote in the extreme, but 
 the young Democracy carried all before it, and 
 although the Republicans carried most of the 
 offices, the head of the Democratic ticket was 
 elected and an era of young men in the admin- 
 istration of municipal affairs set in. 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 At tlic end of liis tt-nn, in IS!);-!, Mr. Noonan 
 afjjain opened a law office and very soon had 
 all the bnsiness he conld attend to. He now 
 professes to be "out of politics," but his party 
 will not long allow him to remain out of the tur- 
 moil and strife of political life. 
 
 Mr. Noonan attributes much of his unique 
 success in life to the assistance and counsel of 
 his estimable wife, who was formerly Miss Mar- 
 garet Brennan, of this city. Airs. Noonan is a 
 lady of great literary attainments, and although 
 her works have chiefly been limited to private 
 circulation, she is an authoress of no mean abil- 
 ity. Three children have been born to Mr. and 
 Mrs. Noonan — Edward J., Mary Zoe and Flor- 
 ence — whose great delight is to be almoners of 
 charity to the deserving poor. Mr. Noonan is 
 a member of the Mercantile Club, and resides 
 with his family at 1^35 Madi.son street. 
 
 Poi.i.AR]), Hknrv M., son of Moses and Abby 
 (Brown) Pollard, was born in Plymouth, \'er- 
 niont, on June 14, 183(5. He was educated at 
 Dartmouth College, whence he graduated in 
 1S.")7, after which he taught school in Ken- 
 tucky, Iowa and Wisconsin for three years, 
 having also taught school in Vermont and Mas- 
 sachusetts while at college. 
 
 Preferring law as a profession, Mr. Pollard 
 entered the office of Carter & Whiisple, of Mil- 
 waukee. He was fortunate in his selection of 
 an office, for both the principals of this firm 
 have since acquired an almost national fame. 
 Mr. Walter S. Carter is now one of the leading 
 lawyers of New York City, while Mr. William 
 G. Whipple, having served as United States 
 district attorney for Arkansas during the war, 
 is now a prominent attorney of Little Rock in 
 that State. 
 
 Young Mr. Pollard remained with this firm 
 until 1H<U, when he was admitted to the bar. 
 Had he followed his own inclination, he would 
 at once have commenced to practice; but the 
 war having broken out, he felt it his duty to re- 
 turn to Vermont and enlist. He served in the 
 Eighth \'ermont Infantry Volunteers, which 
 saw active service in the Department of the 
 
 (tuH under Generals Banks and Butler, and 
 subsequently in the defense of Washington 
 against Early. After this the regiment was 
 under fire in the Shenandoah \'alley under 
 Phil. Sheridan. 
 
 In Jul}-, 1S(>5, after four years of arduous 
 ser\ice and great hardship, the young attorney 
 was mustered out, and he at once proceeded to 
 the Albau)- Law School, where he remained for 
 six months. In December, 18().'), he moved to 
 Chillicothe, Missouri, where he established a 
 law office and practiced law. He subsequently 
 associated himself with Mr. Joel F. Asper, and 
 the firm had existed for one year when Mr. As- 
 per was elected to Congress. Mr. Pollard then 
 associated himself with Air. P]. J. Braddus, with 
 whom he remained for three years. 
 
 In 1S7() Mr. Pollard was sent to Congress 
 from what was then the Tenth District, and in 
 March, 1877, was again a candidate. His con- 
 gressional record was a good one, and he took 
 with him to Washington the sound legal knowl- 
 edge, as well as the keen apjDreciation of the 
 needs of the West, which had been displaced 
 during his sojourn in this cit\-. In March, 
 l'S7!i, Mr. Pollard moved to St. Louis, in which 
 city he has practiced law ever since. He was 
 in partnership, until December, 18i)(), with Mr. 
 Seneca N. Taylor, since which time he has 
 been practicing alone. 
 
 Mr. Pollard is a lawyer of vast experience 
 and great ability. He has had several cases 
 invoKing hundreds of thousands of dollars, and 
 his 02:)inions have been found exceptionally ac- 
 curate. He has a habit of going fully into the 
 merits of the case which is laid before him, and 
 when he thinks a client has little chance of 
 success he is not afraid to tell him so distinctly, 
 and seek authority to arrange a compromise. 
 He has avoided the waste of a vast sum of 
 money by exerting this discretion, and he has 
 earned the reputation of being not only a brill- 
 iant, but also an honest and faithful lawyer. 
 
 Shortly after his locating in this city, Air. 
 Pollard, noticing a large number of New En- 
 glanders doing business in this city, decided to 
 start the New England Society. Calling to- 
 
Bh ^iRA rniCAL A r PEN nix. 
 
 (^etlier several of ihe desceiidants of tlie I'il.i;rini 
 Fathers, he established the society that is still 
 in jirosperous existence. He was its first pres- 
 ident, and is still one of the most enthusiastic 
 members of the society in whose ranks can 
 be found nian\- of the \-cry best citizens of 
 vSt. Louis, all of them his personal friends and 
 acquaintances. 
 
 vSiiKRWoon, .\i)iici., sou of Thomas .Vdiel and 
 j\Iarv E. (Youn<;) Sherwood, was born at Mt. 
 Vernon, Lawrence 
 county, ^Missouri, in 
 lNii;>. He was edu- 
 cated in the public 
 schools of St. Louis, 
 and subsequently at 
 the St. Louis Uni- 
 versity, and after 
 graduatinor from the 
 Law vSchooI of Cin- 
 cinnati Collej^e in 
 the class of 1«S4-, at 
 once accepted an ap- 
 pointment tendered 
 him by the St. Louis 
 (S: San Francisco 
 Railroad as assistant 
 counsel, with head- 
 quarters in St. Louis, 
 a connection he con- 
 tinued for nearly 
 nine years, witli the 
 result of an excep- 
 tionally thorough 
 
 knowledge of the intricacies of corporation law. 
 In is;i?i he severed his connection with the rail- 
 road company to engage in the general practice 
 in St. Louis, and has been nnusnalh- successful 
 in his new field of labor, where he is an indefat- 
 igable worker. 
 
 Sprung from a race of lawyers, his father hav- 
 ing for twenty \-eirs adorned and strengthened 
 the supreme bench of Missouri, Mr. .Sherwood 
 has inherited in a great part the legal capacity 
 that marks him as one of the most capable men 
 of his vears at the .Missouri bar. 
 
 ADIEI. SHERWOOD 
 
 His success on se\'eral noted public occasions 
 demonstrated his power as a speaker and aptitude 
 for advocacy, but it has been in the appellate 
 courts that he has won his most signal legal 
 triunrphs, where his close analytical reasoning, 
 forceful logic and concise yet felicitous .state- 
 ment of legal propositions involved in questions 
 of constitutional and corporation law have won 
 for him, in a marked degree, the confidence and 
 respect of both bench and bar. 
 
 Mr. Sherwood has a cultured mind and a 
 distincti\-c jiersou- 
 ality, marked b\" an 
 inflexible adherence 
 to principle and un- 
 swerving loyalty to 
 friends. He is a 
 bachelor for whom 
 s o c i e t >• has no 
 charms comparable 
 to law and literature. 
 In politics a Dem- 
 ocrat, his influence 
 in State counsels 
 and conventions is 
 potent, but only e.x- 
 ercised to advance 
 the interests of his 
 part)' or the honor- 
 able ambition of his 
 a.s.sociates. 
 
 A member of the 
 St. Louis bar who 
 knows Mr. .Sher- 
 wood well, said of 
 him: "He is a man whose integrity, talents 
 and industry assure him an honorable and jiromi- 
 neiit position at the western bar. To an accom- 
 plished mind and unblemished character he 
 unites marked ability and untiring energy, 
 that must inevitably lead to success." 
 
 Fro.st, Gkxkral n. M. — .\ name insepa- 
 rably connected with the earlier war histiny of 
 St. Louis, is that of (General I). M. Frost, the 
 
 commander of Camp Jacks 
 captured by the Federal tro 
 
 It w; 
 
 der (; 
 
 ;ral 
 
278 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 lyvon, in May, IXOl. The State militia had been 
 called together for their annual drill, and the 
 militia of the First Missouri Military District 
 encamped under General Frost at the southeast 
 corner of Olive street and Grand avenue, this 
 constituting Camp Jackson. There are two 
 sides to this great historic incident, as there are 
 to every question, but Captain N. Lyon, com- 
 manding the United State troops at the arsenal, 
 with four regiments of Missouri Volunteers and 
 two of Home Guards, in all about 8,000 men, 
 marched against and surrounded Camp Jackson, 
 May 10, 18B1. A demand was made for the 
 surrender of the State troops, which, considering 
 their defenseless condition, General Frost at 
 once acceded to. The prisoners, 635 in number, 
 were drawn up along Olive street, with the 
 Federal troops facing them. 
 
 In the latter part of 1<S(>1, General Frost joined 
 the Confederate ami}- and served two years, or 
 until by an act of unprecedented inhumanity, 
 his own alleged sins were visited on the head of 
 his wife, who was separated from her five children 
 and banished South. She soon began to sink 
 under the privations she was compelled to 
 endure, and to save her life General Frost 
 tendered his resignation to General E. Kirby 
 Smith. He went to his wife, and together in a 
 buggy they made the journey, interrupted by 
 many delays, owing to her illness, to the mouth 
 of the Rio Grande. There a vessel was taken, 
 and in due time they reached Montreal, Canada, 
 where the members of the family were reunited 
 and remained until the close of the war. 
 
 General Frost is a descendant in the sixth 
 generation of William Frost, who settled on 
 Jamaica Plains, Long Island, in 1662. The 
 family through many generations was the most 
 influential in that part of the State. One of 
 General Frost's grandfathers was a soldier in 
 the Revolutionary war, and his father was a 
 man of varied gifts and high attainments. He 
 was a civil engineer by profession, and as such 
 was employed by the State to survey the upper 
 portion of the Hudson river, and also located 
 the railroad from Albany to Schuectady. He 
 was a mem ber of the New York Legislature, 
 
 and on the breaking out of the war of 1S12, 
 he raised a company which did patriotic service 
 in behalf of the Government. 
 
 His son, Daniel M., was born August 9, 1823, 
 in Schnectady county, New York, and after 
 attending the common schools until sixteen 
 years old, was recommended by one of his 
 teachers as a candidate for admission to West 
 Point. In 1840 he entered that college and in 
 regular course graduated with honors, standing 
 fourth in his class. As a cadet he went in for 
 physical culture and became an expert in all 
 kinds of athletic exercises; and he believes this 
 culture developed strength and a constitution to 
 which is due his present vigor. 
 
 Graduating in 1844, General Frost's first as- 
 signment was as brevet second lieutenant, as 
 which he saw two years of uneventful service 
 in the Eastern States. Ambitious for a more 
 active career, he, on his own request, was trans- 
 ferred to a regiment of mounted riflemen, which 
 he joined at Jefferson Barracks in 1846, and was 
 soon en route to ^Mexico. There he was as- 
 signed to duty under General Scott, who consti- 
 tuted himself the }-oung officer's friend aiul 
 patron. He was by the side of Creneral vScott 
 at the bloody battle of Churubusco, and partici- 
 pated in all the engagements from Vera Cruz to 
 Mexico, and for gallant conduct was, on Gen- 
 eral Harney's recommendation, brevetted first 
 lieutenant. 
 
 After the declaration of peace he returned to 
 St. Louis, and in the spring of 1849 was ordered 
 with his regiment across the plains to Oregon, 
 being charged, as regimental quartermaster, with 
 the responsible duty of conducting an immense 
 train overland. This duty satisfactorily dis- 
 charged, he returned to St. Louis, where, on 
 the recommendation of General Scott, he was 
 dispatched to Europe, to gather information rel- 
 ative to European cavalry drill and discipline. 
 In 1852 he returned and joined his regiment in 
 Texas, where, in an Indian outbreak, he was 
 severely wounded. In 1853 he returned to St. 
 Louis, and, through domestic considerations, 
 resigned his commission; but his military expe- 
 rience was taken advantage of, antl he was 
 
a^-J. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 279 
 
 elected coiumauder of the Wasliiiij^toii Cinards, 
 an organization that l)ecaine locally famous. 
 
 After leaving the army General Frost engaged 
 in business, first in the lumber trade, and then, 
 as a meiuber of the firm of I). M. Frost & Coui- 
 pany, in the fur trade. 
 
 In l.s;)4 he was elected to the State Senate as 
 a Benton Democrat. As senator he fought the 
 sumptuary act — its object being to close the 
 saloons ou Sunday — and also advocated the bill 
 which orgauized the uiilitia of the State, and 
 under which Camp 
 Jacksou was formed. 
 ( )n the passage of 
 the law (icneral 
 Frost was made brig- 
 adier-general, coui- 
 nianding the First 
 Military District of 
 Missouri. As such 
 he, in ISCO, couduc- 
 ted the vSouthwest 
 expedition, march- 
 ing to Fort vScott, 
 Kansas, with 7 01) 
 men. 
 
 In I.SC.."), after the 
 cud of the ci\il war, 
 he returned to St. 
 Louis aud settled on 
 his farui near the 
 cit\ , where, between 
 his farm and his city 
 resideuce, lie has 
 since jiassed hisliuie, 
 surrounded b\- his children, 
 compauionship of old friends. 
 
 . Ceueral Frost has been uiarried three times. 
 His first wife, to whom he was uiarried in IS.Jl, 
 was Mi.ss Graham, granddaughter of Joliu 
 Mullanphy, and daughter of Major Graham, one 
 of General Harrison's aids-de-camp in the war 
 of l'S12. His second wife was a granddaugh- 
 ter of .Vutoine Chenier, and the niece of Henry 
 Gustave Sonlard. His third wife, like the first. 
 
 JOHN O. PRATHER 
 
 id enjoying the M 
 
 fatlK 
 
 .Ml 
 
 niphv. 
 ildrcn. 
 
 all of whom are living. One sou, Hon. R. (ira- 
 hain Frost, has represented a St. Louis district 
 in Congress. 
 
 Pr.vThkk, Johx (t., son of Weslev F. and 
 Margaret (Taylor) Prather, was born in Cler- 
 mont couiit\', ()hio, June 1(>, XW.W. While 
 he was quite young, his parents moved to Mays- 
 ville, Kentucky, in which town he attended 
 the common schools until twelve years of age, 
 his education being occasionally interrupted by 
 steamboat work, for 
 which he had a keen 
 infatuation. 
 
 Ill l.s.'iO he came 
 to vSt. Louis and be- 
 came a director and 
 stockholder in the 
 Anchor Line Coiii- 
 ]Kuiy. He estab- 
 lislied himself in the 
 wliloesale liquor Ijus- 
 iness, at 51(i North 
 Levee, succeeding 
 his uncle, the late 
 Daniel G. Taylor, 
 and continuing in 
 business in the same 
 house for thirty-four 
 years, where he is 
 still located. Colonel 
 Prather is a well- 
 kniiwn public man 
 and ])oliticiau. He 
 was appointed by 
 ISrowii on the Water Board, and served 
 as chairman of the executive committee of the 
 Democratic vState Committee for four A'ears, and 
 in ISSO, in Chicago, he was named on the Dem- 
 ocratic National Committee for the State. At 
 Chicago in 1SS4 he was again honored in this 
 manner, and was uaiued the third time for the 
 position in St. Louis in l.SS.S. 
 
 In IS.Sil (iovernor Francis apjioiuted Colonel 
 Prather inspector of oils for the cit\' of St. Louis 
 aud reapjiointed him in ISDl. In addition to 
 his acli\e \aliiable political and commercial 
 
280 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 work, .Mr. Pratlier has taken great interest in 
 the Union Stock Yards, in which he is a stock- 
 holder and director. He is a recognized author- 
 ity on all river and steamboat questions. 
 
 Colonel Prather married in July, IHoil, Miss 
 Clementine Carrier, of St. Louis, daughter of 
 Madame Clementine Carrier, and niece of Dr. 
 T. L. Paj^in. He has two daughters, one of 
 whom is now Mrs. Thomas W. Knapp. 
 
 Clover, A.shlky C. — There is no young 
 attorney in St. Louis better known, more popu- 
 lar, or who has filled high offices with more 
 credit and ability, than he whose biography in 
 brief outline is here given. His father, Henry 
 A. Clover, is remembered by old residents as of 
 the older generation of St. Louisans and as a 
 lawyer of great eloquence and legal learning. 
 His mother was before her marriage Miss Eliz- 
 abeth O'Hannon. A.shley C. was born in St. 
 Louis, December !•, l!S58. 
 
 After the usual preparatory educational 
 studies, he entered St. Louis University and 
 there took the finishing courses of his education. 
 He found that his natural bent was toward the 
 law, and accordingly after leaving the uni- 
 versity, from which he graduated in 1877, heat 
 once took up the .study of Black.stone as a pupil 
 of the St. Louis Law School. 
 
 He received his degree in 1879, and supple- 
 mented this instruction of the law school by a 
 special course at the celebrated University of 
 \'irginia. Following his admission to the bar 
 on his return to St. Louis, he spent two years 
 in regular practice as a partner of his father. 
 He was the recipient of official honors early in 
 his professional life, Mayor Ewing having 
 appointed him city attorney in the fall of 1881. 
 He made the most active and irreproachable 
 attorney the city had had for a long time, and 
 such popularity did he win by the faithful 
 administration of the affairs of the office, that 
 his friends urged him to become a candidate for 
 circuit attorney. He made the race in the fall 
 of 1884 and was elected. 
 
 In LSSS he was re-elected for another term of 
 four years, making a most earnest, able and 
 
 honest official, conducting such cases as that of 
 Maxwell, Fotheringham and the Chinese high- 
 binders, with skill and credit to himself. The 
 record he made entitles him to almost any 
 other official honors he may aspire to. 
 
 Reynolds, Matthew Gu'exs, was born No- 
 vember 19, 185-1:, at Bowling Green, Pike county, 
 Missouri. He is the son of Dr. Stephen J. and 
 Sophronia (Givens) Reynolds. His father is a 
 native of Kentucky, and his mother is a native 
 of Missouri. His grandfather on his father's side 
 was Dr. Michael Reynolds of the British Navy, 
 who came to this country with the British troops 
 and marines during the war of 1812, and decided 
 to remain, settling in Kentucky. 
 
 The subject of this sketch attended the public 
 schools in his native town until he was fifteen 
 years old, when he was a cadet in the United 
 States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, 
 where he graduated in 1874, taking the prize as 
 the best executive officer in his class. He then 
 served on the United States frigate Plymoulli; 
 was detached in 1875, and joined the flagship 
 Tennessee, making a voyage to China, returning 
 home in 1876. He was then promoted to en- 
 sign, his commission dating from July, 1875. 
 He then served on the United States frigate 
 /^')'('w/«<,'- until l'S77, when he resigned and be- 
 came a law student in the office of Robinson & 
 Smith, at BowlingGreen. He attended one course 
 of law lectures at the St. Louis Law School, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1878 by Judge 
 Gilchrist Porter, and practiced law at Bowling 
 Green for one year, when he removed to Louisi- 
 ana and was a member of the law firm of P'agg, 
 Reynolds & Fagg until 1882, when Judge Fagg 
 removed to St. Louis, and the firm became Rey- 
 nolds & Fagg. This partnership ended in April, 
 18.s;^, when he formed a partnership with \\"\\\- 
 iam H. Biggs, which continued until IX.SS. 
 
 In 1878, Mr. Reynolds was nominated for 
 prosecuting attorney of Pike count)- by the Re- 
 publicans, and was defeated by Hon. David A. 
 Ball. In 1880 he received the Republican 
 nomination for the Legislature in the eastern 
 district of Pike count}-, and was elected to the 
 
ni( x;ra phica l appendix. 
 
 281 
 
 Tliirty-first Oeiicral Assembly l)y ei<:^lit>' \-otes, 
 l)eiiig the first Republican who had been elected 
 in that county since 18(j(). He served on the 
 judiciary committee and took a prominent part 
 in the legislation of the session, being recog- 
 nized as one of the readiest and most forcil)le 
 debaters in the House. He was a delegate to 
 the National Republican Convention at Chicago 
 that nominated Hon. James G. Blaine in 1884, 
 and was nominated for Congress in the Seventh 
 Congressional District the same year, and uiade 
 the cau\-ass against 
 Hon. John E. Hut- 
 tou, reducing the 
 Democratic majorit\- 
 in the district from 
 i',7i>7iulSS2tol,i>(;(; 
 in l.s,S4. 
 
 In ISSi; Mr. Rey- 
 nolds removed to vSt. 
 Louis, and has since 
 practiced law in this 
 city. In June, IStd, 
 he was appointed 
 United States attor- 
 ney for the Court of 
 Private LandClaims, 
 which position he 
 now holds. At the 
 organization of the 
 Missouri League of 
 Republican Clubs in 
 I'SSS, he was elected 
 its first president, 
 which position he 
 
 held for two terms. .Mr. Reynolds occupies a 
 high rank, among the lawyers of Missouri. He 
 is careful, painstaking and studious in the prep- 
 aration of his cases, and is regarded as an 
 excellent trial lawyer. 
 
 On the 11th day of Novem])er, LSSO, :\Iv. Rey- 
 noKls was married to Mamie K. Fagg, daughter 
 of his old law partner, Judge Thos. J.C. Kagg, 
 formerly a judge of the Supreme Court of Mis- 
 souri. They have seven children — Stephen 
 Clark, Florence, Alice. Mary, Matthew G. Jr., 
 Xellie Lee, and Robert Parker. 
 
 MATTHEW a. KEVAOLDS. 
 
 T.w.SHV, CiKORCK JuDi). — A young gentleman 
 who, in his professional career, short as it has 
 been, gives promise of attaining a more than 
 ordinary degree of success, is George Judd 
 Tansey, an active and brilliant young lawyer, 
 who is a member of the well-known legal firm of 
 Laughliu, Wood & Tansey. He was born at 
 Alton, Illinois, March 25, 181)5. His father, 
 Robert P., is a well-known citizen of St. Louis, 
 and is at the present time, and has been for 
 many years, the president of the St. Louis 
 Transfer Company. 
 In 18(59 the family 
 moved from Alton to 
 St. Louis. In 1884 
 George graduated 
 from the High 
 School in this city, 
 having begun his 
 education in the 
 vStoddard School, 
 one of the best of 
 the graded grammar 
 scliools in St. Louis. 
 In the fall of that 
 year he entered Cor- 
 nell University, at 
 Ithaca, New York, 
 from which institu- 
 tion he graduated in 
 isss, with the degree 
 of B.L., and return- 
 ing to his home he 
 became a student at 
 the St. Louis Law 
 ar, and was admitted 
 
 School in the fall of that } 
 to the bar in June, 188!). 
 
 In the same year he connected himself with 
 the St. Louis Transfer Company, and his duties 
 as secretary occupied his attention until Febru- 
 ary, 1890, when he took tip the active practice 
 of the law, becoming a partner of Judge Laugh- 
 liu, constituting the firm which was later changed 
 to its present style. Although young, Mr. Tan- 
 sey is making rapid strides in his profession, 
 and has already made a marked reputation as 
 an after-dinner speaker aiul campaign orator. 
 
282 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 SnELTON, Theodore, son of V. B. and Emily 
 (Connelly) Shelton,was born in Central Georgia, 
 June 18, 1844. He attended the public schools 
 near his home until ten years of age, when his 
 parents moved to Boonville, Missouri, in which 
 town he continued his education. Seven years 
 later the family located in Sedalia, and after at- 
 tending school for a short time in the metropolis 
 of Pettis county, Theodore came to St. Louis, 
 where he secured a position as a clerk with the 
 old firm of Henderson, Ridgely & Company on 
 Main street. For about two years he filled tlie 
 position with credit to himself and to the satis- 
 faction of his employers, and in March, 18tj7, 
 he entered the employment of Gauss, Hunicke 
 & Company as salesman. Steadily and patiently 
 he worked his way up, and after thirteen years of 
 faithful service, in the course of which he dis- 
 played marked ability, Mr. Shelton was admitted 
 into the firm. 
 
 Six years later, in LS.Sd, Mr. Hunicke's inter- 
 est was purchased, and the firm name was 
 changed to the Gauss-Shelton Hat Company, 
 Mr. Shelton being elected vice-president. His 
 career is one of which any man might well be 
 proud. It is said that a country without a 
 history is to be envied; and while .some men in 
 their hurry to secure wealth make many \ent- 
 ures and changes, the man who starts out with 
 nothing Ijut his own energy and honesty for 
 capital, and who by hard work and careful study 
 forces himself to the front is assuredly an honor 
 to his race. Such a man is Mr. Shelton, who 
 has been connected with the firm which now 
 bears his name for twenty-five years, and whose 
 record is as honorable as it is eventless. The 
 Gauss-Shelton house is highly respected through- 
 out the entire West and South, and the self- 
 made, self-educated man who is its vice-president, 
 has had much to do with establishing its unique 
 and unrivaled reputation. 
 
 Mr. Shelton is the owner of some valuable 
 real estate in St. Louis, and also of a well- 
 cared-for farm at Sedalia, on which are raised 
 some of the best horses and cattle in the State. 
 
 He married in 181)8 Miss Jane R. Gentry, 
 daughter of ^[ajor Gentry, of Pettis county. 
 
 The Major was a model farmer for fift\- years, 
 and his name has been prominent in the .State 
 for the past half century. 
 
 Mr. Shelton has two sons, aged, respectively, 
 twenty and seventeen. They are attending col- 
 lege at Princeton, New Jersey, and both give 
 evidence of great ability. They start in life 
 under much more favorable conditions than did 
 their father, and they have also the advantage 
 of his magnificent record as an example. It is 
 safe to assert that one of the first lessons they 
 were taught was that ' ' a rolling stone gathers no 
 moss;" and it is equally safe to predict that they 
 will profit by both the precept and practice of 
 their honored father. 
 
 ROBIN.SON, AN.SEI..M Cl.\RK, :\I.D. — Probably 
 no medical practitioner in St. Louis is more 
 widely and favorably known, or enjoys a wider 
 circle of friends than the physician whose name 
 appears above. His patients, whose number is 
 legion, are to be found in every section and 
 quarter of the city, from the palatial mansion 
 of the millionaire to the more humble and less 
 pretentious cottage of the artisan and clerk, 
 with all of whom his reputation as a practical 
 and skillful physician is freely acknowledged. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in St. 
 Charles, Missouri, November i;>, 1851, coming 
 to St. Louis when he was but fourteen years 
 of age. His father, the Rev. John W. Rol:)iu- 
 son, was one of the most noted ministers of the 
 Missouri Conference of the Methodist-Episcopal 
 Church, South, and was po.s.se.s.sed of many of 
 the ennobling traits of character with which his 
 son ( who is familiarly called Tom by those who 
 knew him in boyhood) is so richly endowed. 
 His mother, Mrs. Dorcas (Grif^th) Robinson, 
 was also noted as one of the noblest of women 
 by all who knew her, and one that possessed 
 many grand qualities of both head and heart. 
 It was under the tuition of such parents that 
 Dr. Robinson laid the foundation for the straight 
 and persistent course in life that has surmounted 
 every barrier and borne him on the top wave to 
 the haven of prosperity and ]nil)lic confidence 
 from which he can now look back with com- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 283 
 
 plaisaiice upon tlie slrujijo-les incidental to the 
 early life of a physician. 
 
 After coming to St. Lonis, Dr. Robinson 
 attended the St. Louis German Institute for 
 four years, acquiring a thorough knowledge and 
 mastery of the German language, after which he 
 entered the collegiate department of the Wash- 
 ington University, taking a six years' course, 
 and leaving shortly after having reached the 
 Sophomore class. Wliile still at the Washing- 
 ton University he took up the study of medicine 
 under Dr. Tuholske, 
 bringing the same 
 persistent diligence 
 into effect as at 
 school — a persist- 
 ence that has marked 
 his entire career. 
 
 After reading med- 
 icine for some time 
 under the precept- 
 orship of Dr. Tu- 
 holske, he entered 
 the IMissouri ]\red- 
 ical College, taking 
 a three years' course 
 and graduating in 
 l-ST-i, and through 
 the efforts of his kind 
 and thoughtful pre- 
 ceptor was inune- 
 diateh- given a po- 
 sition in the City 
 Dispensary, doing dr. a. c. 
 
 anything that was 
 
 required of him, rising in a short time to the 
 position of assistant druggist, in turn to that of 
 assistant physician, and finally physician in 
 charge, having been connected with the in.stitu- 
 tion, in various capacities, for eight years, dur- 
 ing which time he acquired an experience and 
 insight into human nature that has proven in- 
 \'aluable to him ever since. 
 
 Immediately after leaving the Dispensary, he 
 engaged in general practice, and almost at one 
 bound (as it were ) leaped into a paying and 
 lucrative ])ractice which constantly increa.sed 
 
 until it has assumed such proportions as to ta.x 
 to the uttermost the Doctor's extraordinary phys- 
 ical power of endurance. During his career as 
 a medical practitioner he has temporarily filled 
 every position in the City Board of Health, and 
 became a member of the same in the spring of 
 1891, under the Noonan administration. 
 
 He is a member of the St. Louis Medical So- 
 ciety, also of the Medical Chirurgical Society. 
 He is also prominent in the Masonic circles, 
 being a member of the St. Aldemar Command- 
 ery. No. 18, Knights 
 Templars, besides 
 numerous other or- 
 ders. He has made 
 the diseases of 
 women and children 
 a specialty, and is 
 considered by the 
 entire medical fra- 
 ternit>- of the coun- 
 try authorit)- on 
 same. 
 
 In social life Dr. 
 Robinson is one of 
 the most genial of 
 men. His domestic 
 relations, of which 
 he has ample cause 
 to feel protul, are of 
 the most pleasant 
 nature, and in his 
 beautiful home, o\\ 
 West Pine street, 
 surrounded by his 
 children, his hap- 
 ■elaxatiou from his 
 
 chani 
 pi est 
 
 iiing wife and U 
 hours are spent 
 arduous duties. 
 
 In December, 1.S7."), he was married to Miss 
 May Duffer, a member of one of the oldest fam- 
 ilies of this city, who was noted for her rare 
 beauty and loveliness of character. Two chil- 
 dren have brightened their home and fireside, 
 Hattic and h'lla, now young ladies at school, 
 both of whom ha\e, to a large degree, inherited 
 their mother's l)eaut\- and their father's strength 
 of character. 
 
284 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 KiNGSLAND, Lawrknce D., president of the 
 Citizens' Smoke Abatement Association and of 
 the St. Louis Spanisli Chib, has done an im- 
 mense amount of good work for the city, not 
 only in connection with these two important 
 bodies, but also in connection with almost every 
 important movement of the last quarter of a cent- 
 ury. The Spanish Club, designed to strengthen 
 the relations between St. Louis manufacturers 
 and exporters, and the business world in the 
 Spanish-American republics, has introduced 
 St. Louis-made goods into hundreds of cities, 
 and has increased the shipping returns from 
 this city many points per cent. Until the club 
 agitated the question, the importance of the 
 Mexican and South American trade was entirely 
 lost sight of. Since then the matter has been 
 regarded from a more common-sense stand, 
 and president Kingsland, who has made several 
 tours through Mexico himself, is largely respon- 
 sible for the improvement. 
 
 When the Smoke Abatement Association was 
 formed, the leaders in the movement recognized 
 in Mr. Kingsland the very man for the presi- 
 dency, and he was elected to the office unani- 
 mously. No city has done so much in so short 
 a time to rid itself of the smoke nuisance, and 
 the excellent management of the president of 
 the association is mainly responsible for the 
 good results. Mr. Kingsland was also an active 
 member of the executive committee of the Au- 
 tumnal Festivities Association during its busi- 
 est days, is a director and an enthusiastic sup- 
 porter of the Exposition, and also does good work 
 in connection with the Tariff Commission. 
 
 The Kingsland family is an old one, and is 
 spoken of with respect in Pittsburgh, as well as 
 in St. Louis. Mr. George King.sland, the father 
 of the subject of this sketch, was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, and was the son of the man whose 
 name is so prominent in the annals of the iron 
 industry of Pittsburgh, his work in establish- 
 ing that industry, when it was not believed to 
 be practicable to compete with the iron houses of 
 Europe, having been crowned with unique and 
 lasting success. Mr. George Kingsland saw in 
 the early thirties that as in empires — so in man- 
 
 ufactures — the course was distinctly and un- 
 changeably westward. Others disputed this 
 statement, but Mr. Kingsland read the signs of 
 the times correctly, and in 1834 he came to St. 
 Louis, in which city he proceeded to organize 
 the firm of Kingsland & Lightner and to estab- 
 lish the second iron foundry in St. Louis. 
 
 In 1844 the firm of Kingsland & Lightner was 
 succeeded by that of Kingsland S: Ferguson, 
 and the manufacturing of agricultural imple- 
 ments was made a specialty. Half a century 
 has elapsed since this polic}- was determined 
 upon, but the establishment has never been 
 tempted to deviate from it, nor have the demands 
 of its customers rendered it possible to do so. 
 
 Mr. George Kingsland married IMiss Eliza 
 Ferguson, daughter of ]\Ir. Ferguson, a promi- 
 nent manufacturer of Pittsburgh, and a member 
 of one of the oldest, and best respected Pennsyl- 
 vania families. On September 1."), 1841, a son 
 was born to Mr. and Mrs. Kingsland, and that 
 son to-day is one of the most prosperous and 
 loyal citizens of St. Louis. He was christened 
 Lawrence D., and when old enough to go to 
 school was placed under the care of Mr. Edward 
 W>inan, a St. Louis teacher who has left behind 
 him the reputation of having trained an excep- 
 tionally large number of boys who ha\e grown 
 into leaders of men and interests in St. Louis 
 and the West. When sixteen years of age, 
 young Kingsland entered the Military Institute 
 at Nashville, Tennessee, which was then in 
 charge of General Bushrad Johnson. 
 
 On the outbreak of the war Mr. Kingsland's 
 sympathies were naturally with the South. 
 While at Nashville he had studied the question 
 conscientiously, and had come to the conclusion 
 that the South had justice on its side. Hence, 
 although he recognized that by so doing he in- 
 terfered very much with his prospects for a suc- 
 cessful commercial career, he placed his services 
 at the disposal of the Southern Confederacy. 
 In December, 1<SI)(), he enlisted and served on 
 the staff of General Harris. He took part in 
 the scouting party organized by that general, 
 and was captain in command of a section of it, 
 with the rank of lieutenant. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 He was next sent to Corinth, and his com- 
 pany was attached to General Forrest's com- 
 mand. After doing dut)- for some time in the 
 vicinity of Corinth, Lieutenant Kingsland was 
 sent on a recruiting exjDedition to St. Louis. 
 Tlie difSculties to be surmounted during the 
 journey were numerous, but he succeeded in 
 getting within a hundred miles of the city. 
 There he met a detachment of Home Guards in 
 such overwhelming force that he was compelled 
 to fall back into Arkansas. Vicksburg hav- 
 ing fallen, it was impossible for the subject 
 of this sketch to rejoin the Army of the East. 
 He was hence attached to the trans-Mississippi 
 Department and appointed adjutant to the 
 Kighth Missouri Regiment. His services were 
 so valuable and his gallantry so conspicuous 
 that he soon rose to the position and rank of 
 luigade adjutant. After the battle of Lexing- 
 ton, and while the army was stationed at Neo- 
 sho, he was placed in command of an escort to 
 exchange General Mulligan for General Frost. 
 This assignment, like all others undertaken b\- 
 Mr. Kingsland, was carried out successfully. 
 
 Peace came at last, and i\Ir. Kingsland was 
 al)le to direct his attention once more to com- 
 merce. Entering the house of which his father 
 was senior partner, he kept the books for four 
 years, and then was made a member of the firm. 
 For the next four years he was on the road as 
 traveling salesman, a position for which his 
 handsome presence and manly bearing made him 
 conspicuously competent. His success on the 
 ruad was phenomenal, and led to the foundation 
 of the magnificent connection his firm now has. 
 
 On the death of Mr. George Kingsland, it be- 
 came necessary for his son to give his attention 
 to the business at home, and he became manager 
 of the selling and agency department. The va- 
 rious changes which have since taken place in 
 the firm, liave already been recorded in this 
 work, and it is sufficient to say, that in 1887 
 Mr. Kingsland became president of the Kings- 
 land & Douglas Manufacturing Company. His 
 able management has resulted in this company 
 securing an international reputation. He has 
 made it a .settled policy to watch out for im- 
 
 provements in machinery, and to adopt all wliicli 
 appear to be of a practicable character. It has 
 also been his personal care never to allow an in- 
 ferior article or section of a machine to leave the 
 factory; and so conscientiously has this rule been 
 carried out, that no guarantee is ever asked for 
 when a machine bears the stamp of this com- 
 pany. Not only are these agricultural imple- 
 ments sold in every State in the Union, but 
 they are also in general request in Old Mexico, 
 in which republic, as already stated, Mr. Kings- 
 land has traveled extensively. He has studied 
 the manners and customs of the Mexicans, as 
 well as the special requirements of their trade, 
 and hence his machines have a practical mo- 
 nopoly in that country. 
 
 It was while introducing his specialties into 
 Mexico that he was impressed with the impor- 
 tance of fostering trade with the republic, and 
 this led to his energy in connection with the 
 Spanish Club. In addition to the other good 
 work accomplished by this organization, it has 
 succeeded in increasing railroad facilities to a 
 vast extent, and has also caused rates to be ad- 
 justed equably so that the handicap under which 
 St. Louis hitherto laljored has been in great 
 measure removed. 
 
 Mr. Kingsland married on November .")th, 
 18(>7, Miss Lizzie Tenant of this city. He has 
 two children, Douglas C, who assists in the 
 business of the firm, and Miss Bessie T. Mr. 
 Kingsland is a member of the Merchants' Ex- 
 change, the Mercantile Club, the Fair Grounds 
 Jockey Club, the Legion of Honor, and the 
 Royal Arcanum. He is noted for his generosity 
 and kindly disposition, and few men enjoy such 
 a large circle of warm personal friends. 
 
 Kix-SELL-^, W. J., son of Patrick and Ellen 
 ( Keating) Kinsella, was born in County Carlow, 
 Ireland, in 184(>. His father was an architect 
 of considerable reputation in Ireland, he having 
 constructed some of the largest public buildings 
 in that country. After receiving an education in 
 the schools of his native town, \-oung Kinsella 
 was sent to vSt. Patrick's College, where he re- 
 mained until his father's death, which occurred 
 
28fi 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 when he was about fourteen years old. With a 
 brother not much older than himself he pro- 
 cured a position with the jobbing house of A. F. 
 McDonald & Company, of Dublin, one of the 
 largest houses in Ireland. 
 
 He made considerable progress, but when he 
 was nineteen years of age he became convinced 
 that the United States offered a much larger 
 field for an energetic lad with little or no cajDital, 
 and he accordingly crossed the Atlantic, landing 
 in New York just at the close of the war, and 
 applied for a position in the house of A. T. 
 Stewart & Company. He was told that there 
 was no vacancy, but that a job could be found 
 him as a wrapper of bundles; and it is character- 
 istic of the man that he should accept this tri- 
 fling opening without hesitation. He was almost 
 at the foot of the ladder, but he could see the 
 rounds above him. Very soon his industry 
 singled him out for promotion, and abetter posi- 
 tion was offered to him. He took it, feeling 
 that he had grasped the second round of the 
 ladder. This new position was with Hamihon, 
 Easter & Sons, of Baltimore. Here he stayed 
 until 1870, when he tried a retail grocery vent- 
 ure in Cleveland, Ohio, in connection with his 
 brother, who had followed him to this country. 
 
 The enterprise did not prove a profitable one, 
 and the young men lost all the capital invested. 
 Mr. W. J. Kinsella then went to New York and 
 subsequently looked o\er the western ground, 
 finally selecting St. Louis as the best place for 
 him. He accordingly located in this city and 
 secured employment in the house of Porter, 
 Worthington & Company, for whom he worked 
 for some time, the connection being mutually 
 agreeable. The Kingsford Oswego Starch Com- 
 pany finally secured his services for their nu\na- 
 ger, and he largely increased their business by 
 his able management. In 1879 the Thomson- 
 Taylor Spice Company, of Chicago, recognizing 
 his push and energy, placed him in charge of 
 their St. L,ouis branch, and after two years the 
 Thomson-Taylor Company accepted an offer 
 from him to purchase the St. Louis connection. 
 
 Fortunately for St. Louis the offer was ac- 
 cepted, and a Chicago liranch house became con- 
 
 verted into a very live home concern under the 
 firm name of W. J. Kinsella & Company. Busi- 
 ness increased very rapidly, and in ISljIi it was 
 found advisable to incorporate the concern under 
 the name of the Hanley & Kinsella Coffee and 
 Spice Company. When Mr. Kinsella bought 
 out the business St. Louis was not recognized as 
 a sjjecial market for spices, but at the present 
 time it is one of the foremost in the United States ; 
 also being one of the largest inland coffee 
 markets in the world. Very much of the growth 
 of the business is the result of the activity of the 
 subject of this sketch, who has from time to 
 time introduced every mechanical device cal- 
 culated to expedite work, and whose new mill is 
 a model one. 
 
 At the present time the business of the com- 
 pany has grown to immense proportions, and is 
 considered one of the largest in the countr\'. 
 The relations between the president of the com- 
 pany and the large staff employed are of the 
 most friendly character, and every member of 
 the house regards its jDrogress a personal pride. 
 The same courteous and just demeanor marks 
 Mr. Kinsella's every-day-life, and there are few 
 men in the city more popular than he. His 
 services have been frequenth- requested in vari- 
 ous public undertakings, and his services on 
 the board of the Mercantile Club, the Missouri 
 Mutual Building and Loan Association, and 
 Merchants' Life Association of St. Louis, have 
 been invaluable. As vice-president of the West- 
 ern Commercial Travelers' Association, he did 
 some valuable work, and he is also a prominent 
 member of the Associated Wholesale Grocers, 
 Royal Arcanum and the Knights of St. Patrick. 
 
 Mr. Kinsella attributes much of his success in 
 life to the good counsel and co-operation of his 
 wife, who was formerly Miss Nellie Hanley, of 
 New York. The marriage took place in Sep- 
 tember 1880, and there are three children surviv- 
 ing — William Hanley, Dalton Louis and Ella 
 Marie. Mr. Kinsella is quite a family man, and 
 has the co-operation of his household in his 
 luimcrous undertakings of charity and benevo- 
 lence. He is still quite a \ouug man and has 
 before him an excellent career of usefulness. 
 
Kl^JXiK^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 287 
 
 Cari.islk, James L., son of David and Man' 
 ( Court ) Carlisle, was born in St. Louis, Mis- 
 souri. He was educated in the public schools 
 of St. Louis, and at Central College, Fayette, 
 Missouri. After receiving a thorough course at 
 the latter, he .studied law at the St. Louis Law 
 School, graduating in 1873. He was admitted 
 to the bar the same year, and until 1.S7H prac- 
 ticed law in the office of Glover & Shepley. 
 
 In 187(i he opened his own law office, read- 
 ily building up a large and profitable clientage. 
 
 In 1882, on ac- 
 count of poor health , 
 he relinquished his 
 law practice to ac- 
 cept the office of jury 
 commissioner. This 
 important position 
 was lield by Vix. Car- 
 lisle for two terms, 
 of four years each, 
 he receiving a unan- 
 imous re-election. 
 Mr. Carlisle's ad- 
 ministration of the 
 delicate and respon- 
 sible duties of jur\- 
 commissioner gave 
 him a reputation for 
 courageous impar- 
 tiality and ready and 
 thorough executive 
 ability. 
 
 In bSilO the Au.s- 
 traliau voting law 
 
 was to be put into operation in St. Louis, and 
 much anxiety existed over the selection of a 
 recorder of voters, who would have to conduct 
 its initiatory administration. Governor David 
 R. Francis, after the most careful consideration 
 of a large number of capable gentlemen, ap- 
 ])oiuted ^Ir. Carlisle. 
 
 In instituting the new law and its compli- 
 cated machinery, Mr. Carli.sle is generally cred- 
 ited with exhibiting great tact and discernment. 
 Although an ardent Democrat it is freely ac- 
 knowledged that he treated his political oppo- 
 
 JAMES L. CARLISLE. 
 
 nents with absolute justice and full courtesy. 
 Many of his political opponents who were de- 
 feated candidates, personally expres.sed their 
 thanks to him for the impartial treatment they 
 received at his hands. 
 
 The duties of the recorder of voters not being 
 inconsistent with the practice of law, Mr. Car- 
 lisle returned to his profession, forming a part- 
 nership with Mr. L. Frank Ottofy. The firm 
 of Carlisle & Ottofy is now enjoying a fine and 
 lucrative practice, counting among its clients 
 many of the best re- 
 puted mercantile 
 houses of the city. 
 In March, 1894, 
 with nearly a )'ear 
 of his term as re- 
 corder of voters un- 
 expired. President 
 Cleveland appointed 
 Mr. Carlisle post- 
 master of St. Louis. 
 He assumed the du- 
 ties of the postmas- 
 tership April 1,1894. 
 Mr. Carlisle is 
 still a young man in 
 the prime of his ca- 
 reer, liotli mentallv 
 and physically. 
 
 He m a r r i e d in 
 I.SSO Miss Kate 
 Johnson, of St. 
 Charles county, ]\Iis- 
 souri. His faniilv 
 :\Iiss Marv Kathrvu. 
 
 consists of one dauehter 
 
 Chan-cki.lor, ErsTATHir.s, A.M., M.D., of 
 St. Louis, Missouri, comes of English stock. 
 He was born at Chancellorsville, Spottsylvania 
 county, Virginia, AugiLSt the 29th, 1854. His 
 parents. Doctor J. Edgar and D. Josephine 
 Chancellor, being members of, and allied to, the 
 oldest families in the Old Dominion. His early 
 education was acquired at private schools in his 
 native country and at Charlottesville, \'irginia. 
 He pursued his classical studies until bSTd. 
 
28S 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 In October of the same year he visited Cohnn- 
 bus, Georgia, where he accepted the position of 
 assistant cashier and book-keeper to a railroad 
 official, which he was compelled to give up one 
 year later on account of ill health. He returned 
 to the University of Virginia in October, 1871, 
 and matriculated in the collegiate course with 
 civil engineering, entering the junior class, and 
 at the close of the session received certificates 
 of proficiency in the several departments. He 
 devoted two more years to classical studies and 
 higher mathematics. 
 
 In the fall of 1874 he matriculated in the 
 medical department of the University of Vir- 
 ginia, the second year graduating with honors, 
 receiving his diploma on the 2yth of June, 1876. 
 
 He attended the clinics at the University of 
 Pennsylvania for several weeks following, when 
 he received the appointment of prosector to the 
 chair of anatomy in the University of Maryland 
 (school of medicine), and clinical assistant in 
 the hospital, and matriculated as a student of 
 medicine in the University of Maryland, and 
 received a second diploma ( 1877 ) with a well- 
 earned certificate of proficiency from the uni- 
 versity hospital. 
 
 In the spring of 1878 he was appointed assist- 
 ant resident physician in the university hospital, 
 which position he held for twelve months, the 
 greater part of the time acting as chief physician, 
 resigning in March, 187il. He has contributed 
 many valuable articles on surgery and medicine, 
 and also on insurance to the leading journals 
 of the country. 
 
 He returned to the University of Virginia and 
 formed a co-partnership with his father, Dr. J. 
 Edgar Chancellor, in the practice of medicine 
 and surgery. In 1880, desiring a wider field for 
 his professional ambition, he selected St. Louis 
 as his future home, arriving there July 9, 1880, 
 where his ability, professional and genial man- 
 ners, brought him into prominence and a lucra- 
 tive practice. His abilities and studious habits 
 recommending him, he became medical examiner 
 of some twenty of the most popular secret socie- 
 ties of the city. He grew to be an active Master 
 Mason, a Knight of Pythias, Knight Templar, 
 
 a Noble of the Mystic Shrine and Scottish Rite 
 Mason. 
 
 He was one of the leading founders of the 
 Beaumont Hospital IMedical College in 1885, 
 and filled the chair of cutaneous and venereal 
 diseases until 1890, when he resigned by reason 
 of a growing practice. He was elected Supreme 
 Medical Director of the Legion of Honor in 
 1886, and filled the position efficiently and satis- 
 factorily for three years, and declined re-elec- 
 tion in 1889. He was afterwards appointed 
 SuiDervising Medical E.xaminer of the Royal 
 Arcanum, of Missouri. As a ready medical 
 writer, a fluent and lucid lecturer, and an ener- 
 getic worker in national, State and local med- 
 ical societies, he achieved deserved popularity, 
 and while enjoying social amenities, he lost no 
 opportunity to improve himself in science. In 
 1884 the degree of Master of Arts was conferred 
 upon him by the St. Louis University. He was 
 appointed by Governor Francis, in 1891, Medical 
 Director of the State National Guard, with the 
 rank of lieutenant-colonel, which position he 
 has filled with credit to himself and honor to the 
 vState of his adoption. It was through his efforts 
 that vSt. Louis secured the National Association 
 of Military Surgeons in 1892, and at its second 
 annual meeting he was unanimously elected 
 permanent secretary. 
 
 Personally, he is one of the most genial of 
 men, possessed of a vast amount of perst)nal 
 magnetism, and as a gentleman, civilian-soldier 
 and a physician, his word is as good as his bond. 
 " No one has done more than Dr. Chancellor," 
 says the Indtistricil and Home Mofithly, of 
 Chicago, in a recent article, "to advance the 
 high standard of life insurance examinations 
 and characterize this field as a distinct specialt>-. 
 He has the good fortune to be medical examiner 
 of many of the best life and accident insurance 
 companies in the land, and represents several 
 traveling men's mutual associations." 
 
 This eulogy is the more welcome to Dr. Chan- 
 cellor's many friends on account of its spon- 
 taneous appearance in a publication of influence 
 published outside the city. Nearer at home the 
 doctor's work is looked upon as invaluable. 
 
e.<^<^^^J^ 
 
lilOCRAPJIICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 289 
 
 SoLDAN, Frank Louis, is a native of Frauk- 
 fi)rt-on-tlie-Main, Germany. His father was 
 Jt)hn Jnstin Soldan; his mother, Mrs. Caroline 
 Soldan, ncc Elssman. He received his education 
 in the schools of German)-, from his sixth to 
 his nineteenth year. In 18()3 he came to the 
 ITnited States and after a sojourn of two months 
 in New York came to St. Louis, where he has 
 l)een engaged in educational work for more than 
 thirty years. 
 
 From 18(;4 to LSUN he kept one of the largest 
 jtriAate schools in 
 the city; while thus 
 engaged he wrote 
 an " A m e r i c a n 
 Reader" for German- 
 American schools, 
 and a series of essays 
 o\\ the Darwinian 
 theory, as well as 
 some t ran si a lions 
 from Horace. Dur- 
 ing the following 
 )ear he taught in the 
 Central High School 
 until he was ap- 
 ])ointed assistant 
 superintendent of the 
 imblic schools. 
 
 In 1S71 he was ap- 
 pointed principal of 
 the Normal School, 
 which position he 
 still holds. During 
 his connection with 
 
 the Normal School it has steadily risen in the 
 appreciation of the public. Mr. Buisson, the 
 I"'rench Minister of Instruction, who \-isited the 
 Normal in 1871), spoke of it in one of his reports 
 as the model school of the West. In the fall of 
 1.S87 both the High School and the Normal 
 School were united under his management. 
 
 Mr. Soldan's educational work as a writer and 
 a lecturer has extended beyond the limits of the 
 city. He lectured for four weeks in Knoxville, 
 Keutuck\-, at the l^iiversity Institute; he took 
 part in the Concord School of Philosoiihy and 
 
 FRANK LOUS SOI. DAN. 
 
 delivered a lecture on " Goethe and Spinga," 
 which was much appreciated, and at the time 
 reprinted in full by New York papers. Mr. 
 Soldan has also delivered courses of lectures to 
 large classes of ladies and gentlemen. The 
 papers which he presented from time to time 
 before the National Association of Educators 
 aKva\s found a circle of attentive listeners and 
 readers, and in 1883, at one of the largest meet- 
 ings ever held, that at Madison, with over 7,000 
 teachers in attendance, he was elected president 
 of the association. 
 
 He has been a 
 member of the " Na- 
 tional Council of 
 Education," a bod)- 
 of fifty men selected 
 from the various sec- 
 lions of the country 
 as representatives of 
 llie National Educa- 
 tional Association 
 since the establish- 
 ment of that bod)-, 
 and has contributed 
 many papers in the 
 discussions o f that 
 body. In 1880 he 
 received a call from 
 vSouth Carolina to 
 organize the first 
 Normal Institute for 
 teachers held in that 
 .State, and the suc- 
 cess of this enter- 
 prise was an important factor in the educational 
 revival which Hugh S. Thompson, later gov- 
 ernor of the State, Prof. E. S. Joynes and their 
 associates brought about, and which led to the 
 re-establishment of the time-honored University 
 of South Carolina, and to renewed educational 
 activity and enthusiasm throughout the State. 
 At the first commencement exercises of the re- 
 established South Carolina University, it hon- 
 ored Mr. Soldan by conferring ujion him the 
 degree of LL:D. 
 
 In addition to his ])rofessional activity Mr, 
 
290 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Soldan has done a great deal of literary work. 
 A little book, " Grube's Method," which he 
 wrote in 1870 on a new method of teaching 
 arithmetic, was read and studied everywhere, 
 and led to a change in the method of teaching 
 this subject in almost every State. He contrib- 
 uted to the ircstcni and the Journal of Specu- 
 lative Philosopliy. Among the articles in the 
 JVes/crii we may mention : " Law and Cause," 
 "Goethe's Suleika," "Culture and Facts" and 
 "Landmarks in Education." 
 
 RowKLL, Clinton. — The city of St. Louis 
 owes, to a very large degree, its rapid advance- 
 ment in the last quarter of a century to an 
 infusion of New England blood, and the bar of 
 St. Louis has reached its present high position 
 largely by the accession to its ranks of New 
 England men. Among the New Englanders 
 who have added luster to the bar, Clinton 
 Rowell deserves a first place. Like all men who 
 have impressed themselves upon the world, Mr. 
 Rowell owes his success to two things : ability 
 and environment. He is the sou of Ciuy C. 
 and Clarissa (Rankin) Rowell, and was born 
 on November 12, 1838, at Concord, Essex county, 
 Vermont. The Rowell family is well known in 
 New England, and his mother's family, Rankin, 
 can be traced through many honorable genera- 
 tions. 
 
 His early life was that of the New England 
 boys of his time, when the first lesson taught 
 was that of self-denying application. The New 
 England idea was that life is a scene of action; 
 that every man should strive for success and 
 that success should be the fruit of legitimate 
 toil. Although born in the Green ^fountain 
 State, Mr. Rowell was really reared in New 
 Hampshire. His boyhood was spent on the 
 farm and at the common schools. Later on he 
 acquired the advantages to be given bv the 
 academies, and finally completed his education 
 at Dartmouth. 
 
 Satisfied that the growing West was the arena 
 for a young man, he proceeded directh' from col- 
 lege to Bloomington, Illinois, and became there 
 a law student in the office of Tipton & Benja- 
 
 min. He came to St. Louis in ]8li(). Shortly 
 after his arrival in St. Louis, he formed a part- 
 nership with Daniel D. Fisher. This partner- 
 ship continued under the name of Fisher & 
 Rowell until January, 188St, when Mr. Fishertook 
 his place upon the Circuit bench. At the time 
 of dissolution this was the oldest legal firm in 
 the city of St. Louis. Immediately following 
 the dis.solution Mr. Rowell entered into a part- 
 nership with Mr. Franklin Ferriss, under the 
 firm name of Rowell & F'erri.ss, and this latter 
 firm still continues. 
 
 In 1866 St. Louis was entering upon a new 
 era. It was an era of progress. The young 
 firm of Fisher & Rowell plunged into the cur- 
 rent. There was much business to be done, and 
 the firm got its share. These were the days of 
 hard fighting in court. New questions of law 
 had to be settled. Many of the great forensic 
 lawyers who have made the St. Louis bar fa- 
 mous were still active in the field. Now con- 
 tests are largely settled in law\ers' offices by 
 concession or compromise. Then they were 
 fought to a finish before court and jury; no quar- 
 ter was asked or given. 
 
 Mr. Rowell developed rapidly under these 
 conditions. His reputation has grown steadily 
 from the start. His practice has grown in pro- 
 portion, until his firm's clientage has become 
 both extensive and lucrative, and it now stands 
 among the leading professional firms in the 
 country. IVIr. Rowell was attorney for the late 
 millionaire, Henry Shaw, and is still the legal 
 adviser of the executor. He was also attorney 
 for Dr. McLean, the proprietary medicine manu- 
 facturer and inventor. He has handled the in- 
 volved and complex details of these vast estates 
 to the entire satisfaction of his clients, and in a 
 manner to win the admiration of his professional 
 brethren. He has also been connected with 
 many of the most important railway condemna- 
 tion suits, and is recognized authorit) on this 
 branch of the law. 
 
 Mr. Rowell in a marked degree represents the 
 highest type of the profession. He has all the 
 natural gifts of the great orator: a command- 
 ing presence, a massive head, bearing a striking 
 

BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 291 
 
 resemblance to Webster, impressi\-e jjray e\-es, 
 a ringin<r, sonorous voice, and a iiever-failino; 
 command of choice English. To these qualities 
 he adds a fervor and intensity of thought and 
 feeling which are fundamental in his natuie. 
 These qualities make him a great advocate, and, 
 whether presenting questions of fact to the \\\r\ 
 or of law to the court, and especially when 
 roused by a sense of danger to his client's inter- 
 ests, he becomes an antagonist of matchless 
 power and eloquence. 
 
 The lawyer of to-day finds his greatest use- 
 fulness in the office and consultation room, 
 where the history of important transactions is 
 written, where important differences are adjusted. 
 Not ordinarily does the successful advocate, and 
 trial lawyer also, possess the qualities of the 
 sagacious, prudent counselor. Mr. Rowell com- 
 bines both. He is a man on whom men instinct- 
 ively lean. He knows the law in a practical 
 sense. 
 
 He is pre-eminently qualified to handle an 
 important business disagreement or complica- 
 tion. Through his profound knowledge of legal 
 l)rinciples and his characteristic grasp of business 
 facts, he is able to determine the relative legal 
 rights of parties to a controversy with great 
 promptness and accurac\-. He does not hesitate 
 to tell his client to modify or yield his demands, 
 if justice requires; but when assured that his 
 cause is just, he will press the rights of his client 
 with absolute fearlessness. By the exercise of 
 consummate skill and perfect candor he rarely 
 fails to win the confidence of his antagonist and 
 obtain substantial justice and an adjustment 
 satisfactory to all interested. 
 
 When necessary to protect his client's rights 
 he does not hesitate to enter the forum estab- 
 lished for the settlement of legal controversies. 
 He is unceasing in his vigilance in preparing 
 his cases for trial. With dauntless courage, 
 with infinite care and patience, he fights out 
 every contest to the end, and his splendid powers 
 of advocacy rarely suffer defeat. 
 
 Mr. Rowell has achieved success .solely by the 
 legitimate practice of his profession. His large 
 following is due entireh' to his abilit\- as a 
 
 lawyer and his integrity as a man. These quali- 
 ties have won him as well the esteem of his 
 professional brethren. 
 
 Politicall)-, Mr. Rowell is an ardent Democrat; 
 a \-aluable and influential member of his part\-, 
 and has done it valuable service. Although a 
 popular man he has steadfastly refused all solici- 
 tations to hold office. He prefers the steady 
 work of his profession and the independence of 
 private life. 
 
 Socially, he is a man of broad sympathies, 
 well read and thoroughly intelligent on all 
 current questions, and is a man of decided con- 
 victions and opinions. He is a member of the 
 Congregational Church, and a strong supporter 
 of its faith and purposes. 
 
 Mr. Rowell is a member of the St. I^ouis and 
 Mercantile clubs, and a prominent member of 
 the Merchants' Exchange. He was one of its 
 delegates to the convention held in Washington 
 in September, 1.SH3, to urge the rejjeal of the 
 vSilver Purchasing Act, and he made the most 
 effective speech in that convention. It was 
 published by some of the delegates and exten- 
 sively circulated. 
 
 He enjoys with his charming family the com- 
 forts of a handsome home near Forest Park. He 
 married in 18(58 Miss Carrie M. Ferriss, daughter 
 of Charles FerrLss, a prominent resident of 
 Clinton county, New York, and a sister of his 
 present law partner. They have two children, 
 named Grace and Carlton. 
 
 Fkrriss, F'r.a.nklin. — One of the most grati- 
 fying signs of the times, in St. I^ouis, is the 
 increasing willingness of men of high standing 
 in the community to devote their time and 
 attention to municipal matters. Among those 
 who have thus exhibited a spirit of loyalty and 
 devotion to the city, Mr. Franklin Ferriss is 
 prominent. In the spring of 18St3 he consented, 
 at considerable personal sacrifice, to become a 
 candidate for a seat in the City Council. His 
 election followed, as a matter of course, and his 
 colleagues promptly elected him vice-president. 
 When called u])on to j^reside, he displays con- 
 si)icuous al)ilil\ in the chair, is at once firm and 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 impartial, and seasons his rulings with a liberal 
 supply of good sense. As a legislator he is 
 earnest and careful, and is as zealous in his 
 municipal duties as in his private and profes- 
 sional affairs. 
 
 Mr. Ferriss is not yet forty-five years of age. 
 He is the son of Charles and Mercy (Macomber) 
 Ferriss, and was born in Clinton county, New 
 York, September 22, 184;t. He received the 
 primary elements of his education at the com- 
 mon schools, and entered Cornell University 
 when about eighteen or nineteen years old, and 
 graduated from that renowned seat of learn- 
 ing in the class of 1873. Like many other 
 young men before him, his graduation meant to 
 him the severing of home ties and the starting 
 out into the world to win his own fortune. He 
 selected St. Louis as the scene of his future 
 efforts, coming here in the same year he left 
 the university. 
 
 Having determined to adopt the law as his 
 profession, he entered the St. Louis Law School 
 soon after he reached the city, graduating from 
 the school, which has educated so many bril- 
 liant men for the bar, in li~i7'). He commenced 
 jiractice alone after being admitted to the bar, 
 and so continued until the dissolution of the firm 
 of Fisher & Rowell, caused by the election of 
 Judge Fisher to the bench, when he became the 
 partner of the last named gentleman, and is still 
 such, the style of the firm being Rowell & 
 t'erriss. 
 
 Like his partner, Mr. Rowell, Air. Ferriss 
 devotes his whole attention to the practice of 
 commercial and corporation law, making of this 
 civil practice a specialty, taking no criminal 
 cases whatever. Mr. Ferriss, although, as men- 
 tioned above, he is but just entering the prime 
 of life, is considered a lawyer of exceptional 
 learning and possessed of a power of analvsis in 
 a profound degree. He certainly understands 
 thoroughly the branch of law he has adopted, 
 and since he has been before the courts has been 
 considered one of the most successful lawyers of 
 the St. Louis bar. 
 
 Among other practice he did nearly all the 
 law business connected with customs necessitated 
 
 by the McKinley bill, acting in the capacity of 
 attorney for C. H. Wyman S: Company, custom 
 brokers. He represented many of the defendants 
 in the noted railway condemnation suits, securing 
 verdicts for his clients in almost every instance. 
 His name is connected as a winner with many 
 of the civil .suits that have been tried in St. 
 Louis courts in recent years. Aside from his 
 law business he is interested in several business 
 companies. 
 
 Mr. Ferriss married Miss Elizabeth H., the 
 daughter of H. T. Simon, of Simon, Gregory 
 S: Company, of St. Louis. They have three 
 children, Henry T., Margery- and Hugh, and 
 live in a handsome home at 5828 Cabanne 
 place. 
 
 Klein, Jacob, son of John M. and Caroline 
 ( ( lUth ) Klein, was born at Hechtscheim, Hesse- 
 Darmstadt, now a portion of Prussia, on Sep- 
 tember 1, LS4.i, but his parents emigrating to 
 America when he was quite a child, nearly the 
 whole of his life has been spent in this country. 
 The family landed at New Orleans in 18.") 1, and 
 settled in St. Louis in ].s,")2. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was educated in the 
 public schools of St. Louis, and, entering 
 heartily into his studies and taking advantage 
 of every opportunity to acquire knowledge, he 
 made rapid progress, and left school thorougliK 
 prepared to acquire an insight into the techni- 
 calities of the profession of which he has since 
 become so distinguished a member. He read 
 law for about eighteen months with Air. Sey- 
 mour Voullaire, and subsequently with the Hon. 
 Samuel Knox, member of Congress, and Judge 
 Irwin Z. Smith. In the year 1869 he was 
 admitted to the bar and at once commenced 
 practice in this city. 
 
 Had Air. Klein been content with the prospect 
 of an ordinary career, he would have continued 
 practicing, especially as his ability and courtesy, 
 aided by the sound legal training he had 
 received, brought him clients from the first. 
 But the same determination and laudable ambi- 
 tion which has actuated his more recent career 
 were uppermost with him at this early stage. 
 
BIOCRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 293 
 
 and after about a year's practice he went to the 
 Har\ard Law School to complete his legal edu- 
 cation. He took a full cotirse and graduated 
 with the class of 1.S71, securing tlie degree of 
 I.L.K. 
 
 Returning to St. Louis, Judge Klein re-coni- 
 nieuced practice here, and continued for nine 
 years without a partner. He was promptly 
 recognized as an able lawyer, and the successful 
 manner in which he handled cases entrusted to 
 his care soon made him popular and led to a 
 rapid increase in the 
 number of his cli- 
 ents. In the year 
 ISSl the partnership 
 firm of Klein ^c Fisse 
 was formed, Mr. 
 Klein's partner be- 
 ing Mr. \V. E. Fisse, 
 now a member of 
 the School Board 
 and a very success- 
 ful attorne>-, and 
 who had read law 
 in the office prior to 
 acquiring an interest 
 in it. The partner- 
 ship was both pleas- 
 ant and prosperous, 
 and continued until 
 January, 18811, when 
 the senior member 
 retired from practice 
 and took his seat on j ^^j^,, 
 
 the Circuit Court 
 bench, and Mr. Fisse continued practice alone. 
 
 Judge Klein's career at the bar was a ver\' 
 successful and honorable one, and he built up 
 for himself and his firm a very large and lucra- 
 tive practice. He had charge of a number of 
 cases of great importance, involving large sums 
 of mone\', and the way he ])rotected the inter- 
 ests of his clients earned him a well-merited 
 reputation as a lawyer. In the year l>iN>> la- 
 was elected a Circuit Court judge, taking his 
 seat the following Jauiuir\-. He is now pre- 
 siding jtulgc of the court and sits in court 
 
 room No. 1. His abilit)- as a lawyer and his 
 firmness and impartiality have, during the last 
 three years, been very marked, and both the 
 legal profession and the public have learned to 
 regard him as an able and just judge. 
 
 An unusually large number of cases involving 
 difficult legal points have come before his court, 
 but he has been fully equal to the occasion, and 
 his decisions in these have been almost invari- 
 ably upheld on appeal. Prominent among 
 these was the case of the State of Missouri 
 against vSchweick- 
 hardt, in which the 
 right of St. Louis to 
 control the sale of 
 refreshments in For- 
 est Park was chal- 
 1 e nged. Judge 
 Klein's ruling ex- 
 cited general admi- 
 ration and was af- 
 firmed on appeal. 
 
 In politics the 
 judge has always 
 been a consistent 
 and active Repub- 
 lican. He led one or 
 two forlorn hopes 
 for his party at a 
 time when the Dem- 
 ocrats were carrying 
 all elections in the 
 city, and when, in 
 1^1 ^^,^ I'SSX, he was nomi- 
 
 nated for a judge- 
 ship in the Circuit Court, he ran far ahead of 
 his ticket, polling a larger number of votes than 
 had ever been cast for a candidate for a similar 
 office. Apart from politics, the Judge takes an 
 active interest in everything calculated to bene- 
 fit St. Louis, and is looked upon as a public- 
 spirited, active and accomplished citizen. 
 
 He was married April 17, IN?;'), to ]\Iiss 
 Lilly Schreiber; four children have blessed the 
 union, and the family ha\-e always lived in 
 the South Side, where they ha\-e a large circle 
 of friends and acquaintances. 
 
294 
 
 Or.D AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 McKeighax, John E., was born on a farm 
 near the town of Farmingtoii, Fulton county, 
 Illinois, July 20, 1841. His parents were Robert 
 and Ellen (Tuttle) McKeighan. His father 
 was a prominent farmer of Fulton county, and 
 gave his son better opportunities for acquiring 
 an education than most farmers' sons have 
 afforded them. 
 
 John E. attended the district schools of his 
 native county, after which he entered Knox 
 College at Galesburg, Illinois, where he pre- 
 pared himself thoroughly for a university course, 
 which he afterwards took at Ann Arbor, Michi- 
 gan, graduating from that institution in June, 
 lX(it5. He then read law in the office of Martin 
 Shellenberger, of Toulon, Stark county, Illinois, 
 and was admitted to the bar at Ottawa, in May, 
 l«(i7. 
 
 After his admission to the bar, he came to 
 Missouri and settled at Bolivar, Polk county. 
 After practicing law in that place for a few 
 months, he moved to Baxter Springs, Kansas, 
 and opened a law office there in March, 18(58. 
 From there he went to Fort Scott, Kansas, in 
 March, 1871, and formed a law partnership with 
 H. C. McComas, under the firm name of 
 McComas & McKeighan. In 187() Mr. McKeig- 
 han and his partner both decided to remove to 
 St. Louis, and the partnership was continued 
 until 1881, when Mr. McComas moved to New 
 Mexico, settling at Silver City, where he and 
 his wife were murdered l)y the Indians in 1.S82. 
 
 Mr. McKeighan then formed a partnership 
 with Silas B. Jones ( McKeighan & Jones ) which 
 lasted until January 1, 188r). He next formed 
 a partnership with Judges W. C. Boyle and 
 Palmer B. Adams, under the firm name of Boyle, 
 Adams & McKeighan, which was dissolved 
 Januarv 1, 1892, and the firm of Lee, McKeig- 
 han, Ellis & Priest was formed. 
 
 No lawyer, anywhere, applies himself more 
 a.ssiduously to his profession than does Mr. 
 McKeighan. Having mastered the basic prin- 
 ciple of his profession, he finds no difficult)' in 
 applying those principles to the solution of the 
 most knotty and intricate legal questions. His 
 mind is naturally of a strong, judicial cast, and 
 
 it has been matured by years of patient study 
 and research, and disciplined by an active prac- 
 tice running through more than twenty }ears. 
 
 His practice is exclusively in the civil courts 
 and comprises all branches of the ci\il law. He 
 has given much attention to the constitutional 
 and corporation law, being frequently employed 
 as special counsel by banking and railway 
 corporations. He has also rendered invaluable 
 assistance to the Autumnal Festivities Associa- 
 tion, the Citizens' Smoke Abatement Associa- 
 tion and other movements of a public character. 
 
 Mr. McKeighan was married November 2, 
 IMliit, to Miss Helen M. Cutler, daughter of 
 Thomas C. and Lucy (Culver) Cutler, of Kala- 
 mazoo, Michigan. Mrs. McKeighan died a few 
 years ago after having four children — Lucy, 
 Robert, Mabel and Ellen, of whom the last three 
 are living. 
 
 Prik.ST, Hknrv Samuki., general attorney 
 for the Missouri Pacific Railway, was born in 
 Ralls county, Missouri, February 7, 1853. His 
 parents were Thomas J. and Amelia E. (Brown ) 
 Priest. His father was a nati\'e of \'irginia. 
 His mother was a native of Kentucky, and was 
 coiniected with the distinguished Houston family, 
 of which General Samuel Houston, of Texas, 
 was a member. He received his education in 
 Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, graduat- 
 ing in the class of 1872. He then went to 
 Taylorville, Kentucky, and began the study of 
 law in the office of Major Mark E. Houston. 
 He completed his course of legal studies at Han- 
 nibal, Missouri, under the direction of Judge 
 James Carr, who was at that time general 
 attorney for the Hannibal & St. Jose])h Rail- 
 road Company. 
 
 He was admitted to the bar by Judge John T. 
 Redd, at Hannibal, in the spring of 1S7;'>, and 
 located at Moberly, Missouri, where he entered 
 on the practice of law. He was shortly after- 
 wards elected city attorney, and continued to 
 practice his profession there for eight years, 
 when he was tendered the position of assistant 
 attorne\- for the Missouri Pacific Railroad Com- 
 pany b>- Judge Thomas J. Portis, then the gen- 
 
/^A<.Vt^^^ 
 
lUOGRAPHICAI. APP/iNP/X 
 
 29.'5 
 
 eral attorue}- for tliat company, wliicli lie 
 accepted, and came to St. Lonis in October, 
 I'SSl. He remained with the Missouri Pacific 
 until December 1, 1883, when the appointment 
 of attorney for the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific 
 Railway Company ( now the Wabash Railroad 
 Company) was tendered him. He accepted the 
 appointment, and held that position until Decem- 
 ber 1, 1890, when he was appointed <^eneral 
 attorney for the Missouri Pacific Railroad Com- 
 pany, which position he still holds. 
 
 From the day Mr. Priest was admitted to the 
 bar until the present, his rise in the legal pro- 
 fession has been rapid and continuous, and he 
 stands to-day second to no lawyer in the State 
 in his general knowledge of the science of juris- 
 prudence, and especially of the law pertaining 
 to railroad corporations, which has grown to be 
 a most important branch of the civil law in the 
 United States. It may be said of him that he 
 is "a born lawyer "' and possesses to a remark- 
 able degree that intuitive facult)- that enables 
 him to instantly grasp and comprehend the 
 most intricate and abstruse legal propositions, 
 and make them simple and clear to the court 
 and jury. He is frank and straightforward in 
 his presentation of a case, and while he lias 
 been too busy to study and cultivate the graces 
 of oratory, he is a pleasant, strong, forcible 
 speaker, enforcing conviction on his hearers by 
 his earnestness and evident reliance in the 
 justice and strength of his cause. 
 
 In politics Mr. Priest is a Democrat, and 
 although he has never had political aspirations, 
 nor mingled in the politics of the State, few 
 men in ]irivate or professional life wield as great 
 an influence in the councils of his ])art>-, and 
 were he to give his attention to the details of 
 ])arty management he would soon be a leader 
 not only in State, but in national politics. 
 
 ;\Ir. Priest is president of the Missouri State 
 Har Association, and a member of the law firm 
 of Lee, McKeighan, Priest & Ellis, which was 
 formed January 1, 1892. 
 
 Mr. Priest was married Xo\enil)er 9, 187(), to 
 Miss Henrietta Parsell, of Webster (iroxes, 
 St. Louis county, whose parents were George B. 
 
 Parsell, of St. Louis, and Kli/.alieth (Wright) 
 Parsell, of Portland, .Maine. The\- have four 
 children — George T., Grace PI, Jeannette B. 
 and Wells Blodgett. 
 
 Lek, Br.\ui,EY D., son of Henry B. and Mary 
 ( .\ustin ) Lee, was born March 24, 18;)8, in 
 Litchfield count}-, Connecticut, and was educated 
 in the common schools of his native county, 
 and at Williston Seminary, East Hampton, 
 Massachusetts. He then became a student at 
 law in the office of Hon. Hiram Goodwin, of 
 Ri\-erton, Litchfield county. He read law for 
 two years, and then entered the army as first 
 lieutenant in the Nineteenth Regiment Con- 
 necticut Volunteer Infantry, in September, 
 18(i2. He was assigned to the general staff 
 service in the United States Volunteer army, 
 by President Lincoln with the rank of captain. 
 He served in the army of the Potomac until the 
 close of the war, and upon being mustered out 
 of the service, was bre\-etted major for meritori- 
 ous conduct. 
 
 Returning home he entered the law depart- 
 ment of Yale College, graduating in the class of 
 18(i(i, with the degree of bachelor of laws. 
 Soon after he came to St. Louis, and formed a 
 partnership, for the practice of law, with Dan- 
 iel T. Potter ( Potter & Lee). This partnership 
 was dissolved after one year, and he associated 
 himself with B. F. Webster (Lee & Webster), 
 for three years, after which he was alone for 
 two years. In 1872 he entered into a co-part- 
 nership with Elmer B. Adams, which contiiuied 
 until 1878, when Mr. Adams was elected one of 
 the judges of the St. Louis Circuit Court. Mr. 
 Lee and Hon. Jeff. Chandler then formed a part- 
 nership (Lee & Chandler), which lasted until 
 Mr. Chandler removed to Washington City, in 
 1881, when Mr. Lee, Col. D. P. Dyer and John 
 P. PHlis associated themselves under the firm 
 name of Dyer, Lee >!v: Ellis. In 1S89 this firm 
 was dissolved, and the firm of Lee iS: Ellis was 
 established, and continued until January 1, 1892, 
 when the firm of Lee, McKeighan, Ellis S: Priest 
 was organized. 
 
 During the more than twent>-five years that 
 
290 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 he has practiced law in this city, ^Ir. Lee has 
 established an enduring reputation as a lawyer 
 of splendid ability and great learning. Possess- 
 ing a keen, logical and analytical mind, and a 
 remarkable faculty for making a clear and 
 luminous statement of his case before a court or 
 jury, and enforcing his argument by a manner 
 at once earnest and pleasing, it is not surprising 
 that he has won his way to the front rank of his 
 profession, and is recognized as a leading mem- 
 ber of the bar of this city, famed throughout 
 the country for the ability, worth and learning 
 of its members, and that he stands, to-day, at 
 the head of one of the ablest and strongest law 
 firms in the West. 
 
 Mr. Lee was married to Miss Belle F. Water- 
 man, daughter of Hon. A. P. W'aterman, of 
 Beloit, Wisconsin, November 23, 1S7(). The}- 
 have two children — Edwin W., born July 1, 
 1875, and Wayne, born October 14, l-ssd. 
 
 As a lawyer ^Ir. Lee has steadily advanced, in 
 his career in St. Louis for the past cjuarter of a 
 century, from a modest beginning to the front 
 rank in his profession. No one who knows him 
 will for one moment assert that this has not been 
 accoinplished strictly upon his merits. He has 
 succeeded because he deserved and won fairly 
 success. He has an extremely large following 
 who believe implicitly in his advice and opinion, 
 because they are honest and sound. In that 
 large branch of professional work of the modern 
 lawyer, those differences between parties which 
 never reach the courts, Mr. Lee is admirably 
 qualified and pre-eminently successful. He be- 
 longs to that class of lawyers that are not afraid 
 to tell a client he is wrong, and when he is in 
 the right and in difficult)-, work it out for him 
 with untiring assiduity and consummate skill. 
 
 When once engaged in a conti'oversy which 
 nuist be settled by forensic strife, Mr. Lee ex- 
 hibits all the best attributes of the trained 
 lawyer. He mastered this branch of his pro- 
 fession in the onh- school where it is ever 
 learned, in the arena where there are IjIows to 
 take as well as blows to give, and the weakest 
 goes down. He prepares his cases with the 
 utmost care and no labor is too great for the 
 
 purpose to be attained. He makes himself 
 familiar with ever}- detail of his cause, and is 
 not unmindful of that of his adversary. In the 
 trial he is at home, and at ever}- step of the cause 
 he is strong and untiring. With patient activity, 
 unyielding perseverance, and unflinching cour- 
 age he fights the forensic contest from beginning 
 to end. In that spirit that never quails, one of 
 the most essential qualities of the successful 
 practitioner, Mr. Lee stands among the foremost 
 of his profession. 
 
 While he makes no attempt at polished ora- 
 tory, both before the court, and a jury, when 
 fully aroused he is a debater of the strongest 
 type, and never fails in creating a clear and most 
 effective impression. He is what is well under- 
 stood in the jDrofession, as the first-class "all 
 round" lawyer, and stands easily among the 
 foremost of his cotemporaries at the head of 
 one of the strongest firms in the country. While 
 ;\Ir. Lee is a strong opponent and unyielding in 
 controversy, he is a genial companion, the truest 
 of friends, which makes him deservedly one of 
 the most popular men among his comrades at 
 the bar. Still in the prime of life, in the 
 maturity of his powers, he has many years of 
 his pre-eminently successful career before him. 
 
 Garesche, Alexander J. P. — A lawyer who 
 has made a name for himself by his brilliant 
 attainments, and whose name nuist be remem- 
 bered in history as a champion of liberty and 
 constitutional rights, is he whose name heads 
 this sketch. Just subsequent to the war he 
 endeared himself to ever}- lover of libert}-, b}- 
 the brilliant and persistent fight he made on the 
 odious Drake Constitution. Refusing to take 
 the "test oath" he was debarred from practice 
 during l.S()() and 18t)7, and largely by his own 
 efforts saw these odious laws repealed, and him- 
 self and others admitted to citizenship without 
 having to take the oath. 
 
 Since l'S4.'), or for iiearl}- a half centur}-, lie 
 has practiced law in the courts of Missouri, and 
 has built up a reputation second to that of no 
 advocate in the ^Mississippi valley. Alexander 
 J. P. Garesche was born March 1, 182.'i, near 
 

 
 ''/^^ 
 
 fis- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 297 
 
 Matanzas, Cuba, where his parents were tem- 
 porarily sojourning. They were Vital M. and 
 Mimika Louise (Banduy) Garesche, and both 
 were of French origin, coming original I \- from 
 San Domingo. 
 
 .\ settlement was made near Wilmington, 
 Delaware, where Alexander received a prepara- 
 tor\- education, his instruction being continued 
 at Georgetown, I). C. In lS3!t he came with 
 his father's family to St. Louis, and in l.S4() 
 entered vSt. Louis University, from which he 
 finally received its three degrees. In 1<S42 he 
 began the study of law in the office of Col. T. 
 T. Gautt, and in 1845 was admitted to practice. 
 Although he has since then been a conspicuous 
 man t)f riffairs, and In- his bitter fight crushed 
 the "test oath" in ISiiK, he has been singularly 
 averse to holding public office. He has been 
 often .solicited to fill positions of trust, but the 
 city attorneyship, in 184(i-47, is the only office 
 he e\'er held. 
 
 Shortly after he began practice, or in 1849, 
 he was married to Laura, daughter of Thomas 
 C. \'an Zaudt, a member of one of the old New 
 York Knickerbocker families. Of this union 
 nine children have issued, five of whom are yet 
 li\-ing. 
 
 G.\RK.SCHK, Edmoni) a. B., is a worthy son 
 of his father, from whom he has inherited an 
 aptness for legal work which has made him 
 famous as a lawyer. He was born in this city 
 Julv li, 1857. His father, Mr. A. J. P. Gares- 
 che, has already been introduced to our readers. 
 His mother, formerly Miss Lairra C. Van Zandt, 
 was, as has already been noted, a member of a 
 very old and noted Knickerl)ocker family of 
 New York. 
 
 I'^dmond received his education atthcvSt. Louis 
 I'nixersity, the Jesuit College, Georgetown, 
 D. C, and at St. Mary's College, Montreal. 
 After his return to his home in St. Louis he 
 began the study of law in 1875, in his father's 
 office; passed a successful examination and was 
 admitted to the bar in Noveuiber, 1S77. He 
 embarked in the practice of his profession with 
 W. J. D'Arcy as an office partner. At the end 
 
 of two years this arrangement was terminated 
 by the removal of D'Arcy to Kansas City, 
 whereupon Mr. Garesche returned to his father's 
 office for awhile and then formed a partnership 
 with his brother, William A., under the style of 
 Garesche &; Garesche. Within two years this 
 partnership was also dissolved, and since then 
 Mr. Garesche has conducted business on his 
 own account. 
 
 Mr. Garesche married, in LSSO, Miss Emma 
 W., daughter of William H. Jennings, of St. 
 Louis. They have six children — Laura, Ade- 
 laide, Eugene, Henry, Edmond and Claude. 
 
 Blodgett, Wells H., was born January 
 2it, 1839, at Downer's Grove, DuPage county, 
 Illinois. His parents were Israel P. and Avis 
 ( Dodge ) Blodgett. Received an elementary edu- 
 cation in the common schools of his native 
 county; spent two years at the Illinois LTniver- 
 sity at Wheaton, and a short time at the Rock 
 Ri\-er Seminary at Mount Morris, Illinois. He 
 then read law in the office of Judd & Blodgett 
 at Chicago and was admitted to the bar in the 
 spring of 18(il. He was one of the first to 
 respond to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 
 men for three months to suppress the rebellion 
 and collect the revenue, in April, 18(51, enlisting 
 as a private in Captain C. C. Marsh's company. 
 At the expiration of three months, he enlisted 
 as a private in the Thirty-Seventh Illinois 
 Volunteer Infantry; in October, 18t)l, he was 
 made lieutenant of company D, same regiment. 
 In the spring of 18()2 he was promoted to the 
 captaincy of the same company. In March, 
 ]8(;3, he was commissioned by President Lincoln 
 as judge advocate of the arm\- of the Frontier, 
 with rank as major of ca\-alr\' in the United 
 States army. In Augu.st, 1X1)4, he was commis- 
 sioned lieutenant-colonel of the Forty-Eighth 
 Regiment Missouri Volunteer Infantry, and 
 October 1st of the .same year was commissioned 
 colonel of the same regiment. 
 
 Colonel Blodgett's active military service be- 
 gan with the campaigns of Generals Fremont, 
 Hunter, Schofield and Heron, in southern Mis- 
 souri and northern Arkansas, and continued 
 
298 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. L017S. 
 
 until the close of the war, being attached to de- 
 partment headquarters only for the few months 
 he acted as judge advocate, and afterwards 
 served in Tennessee and Alabama, his regiment 
 being a part of the Fourth Division of the 
 Twentieth Army Corps, commanded by General 
 Rosseau. 
 
 When the war closed Colonel Blodgett settled 
 at Warrensburg, Missouri, and began the prac- 
 tice of law. In 18(i6, he was elected to repre- 
 sent his county (Johnson ) in the Legislature, 
 serving in that cajDacity for two sessions. In 
 18()S, he was elected to the State Senate for the 
 term of four years, from the district composed 
 of the counties of Johnson, Henry, Benton and 
 St. Clair. As representative and senator he 
 took an active and prominent part in propos- 
 ing and advocating measures that would ad- 
 vance the material interests of the State, and 
 while he was, and still is, a Republican of the 
 "most straitest sect," he was one of the first 
 men in his party to advocate an amendment to 
 what was known as the Drake Constitution, 
 abolishing the test oath and clothing with all 
 the rights of citizenship those thousands of 
 men who had been disfranchised for participa- 
 tion in the rebellion, and few men in his part>- 
 did as much to bring about that result. His 
 career as a legislator and public servant proved 
 that a man can be just and magnanimous to his 
 political opponents, and at the same time be 
 loyal to his party. 
 
 In the fall of I87;3, Colonel Blodgett accepted 
 the position of assistant attorney of the St. 
 Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway Com- 
 pany. In June, IS74, he was appointed gen- 
 eral attorney for the same company, taking 
 entire charge of all its legal business, and con- 
 tinued in that position until the fall of 1879, 
 when the road was consolidated with the 
 Wabash system; the two companies forming the 
 corporation known as the Wabash, St. Louis & 
 Pacific Railway, with lines extending in and 
 through the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
 Missouri and Iowa. He was then appointed 
 general solicitor of the company, and put in 
 charge of its entire legal business. When the 
 
 company failed in 1884, and the road was 
 placed in the hands of receivers, Colonel Blodg- 
 ett represented the receivers in all their litiga- 
 tion, which proved to be the most complicated 
 of any similar litigation in the court annals of 
 this country, involving, as it did, the most 
 intricate questions of corporation law, besides 
 many millions of dollars. Upon the reorganiz- 
 ation of the company in 1889, Colonel Blodgett 
 was re-elected general solicitor, with full con- 
 trol of its legal department, which position he 
 still holds. 
 
 Colonel Blodgett's magnificent services during 
 the war have been recently recognized, and he 
 is in possession of a medal awarded him for 
 exceptional bravery. 
 
 Rkvburn, V.\LLK, son of Thomas and Juliet 
 ( Valle) Reyburn, was born in St. Louis, March 
 20, 185;:5. He was educated at the St. Louis 
 University, and having graduated in 1!S71 
 entered the office of Sharp & Broadhead, as a law 
 student. He remained for several years with 
 this firm, and was with them at the time of the 
 death of Mr. Sharp and the consequent dissolu- 
 tion of the firm. 
 
 Mr. Re\buru was admitted to the bar in 187o, 
 and his connection with Sharp &; Broadhead 
 thus terminating, he practiced alone until 1882, 
 when he associated himself with Mr. Samuel 
 Herman, since deceased. Mr. Reyburn later 
 entered into partnership with Frederick N. Jud- 
 son, the firm name being Judson S: Reyburn, 
 which was dissolved in January, 1891. Since 
 that period Mr. Reyburn has practiced alone. 
 He has a large connection in commercial circles 
 and is well known as a lawyer among the busi- 
 ness men of St. Louis, and has achieved distinction 
 in his profession, especially in the department 
 embracing real estate interests. He is popular 
 in both business and social circles, and is fre- 
 quently spoken of as a man fit for high judicial 
 honors. 
 
 In June, 1.S.S.1, Mr. Reyburn married ^liss 
 Marceline Randolph, of Louisiana. He has 
 three sons, the oldest named after him, and two 
 younger sons, John and Thomas. 
 
Tn^, M.(\i-^ 
 
 Y^x 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 299 
 
 Paxson, Alkred Allkx, was boni at Win- 
 chester, Scott county, Illinois, December 10, 
 1844. He laid the foundation for a thorough, 
 classical education by attending the cunnnon 
 schools of his native county until he was quali- 
 fied to teach. He then taught school until he 
 had made mone\- enough to enter college, which 
 he did in the fall of 18(54, entering the Fresh- 
 man Class of Illinois College at Jacksonville. 
 After a four years' classical course he graduated 
 at the head of his class in ISdS, and then came 
 to this city where 
 his father was in 
 charge of the depos- 
 itory of the Ameri- 
 can vSunday School 
 Unii)n. 
 
 Ha\ing decided to 
 adopt the legal pro- 
 fe s s i o n , yoii n g 
 Paxson began the 
 study of law while 
 acting as clerk and 
 book-keeper for his 
 father, reading at 
 night and working 
 d u ri ng the day. 
 After two years of 
 study and attending 
 the lectures in the 
 law department of 
 Washington Univer- 
 sity, he graduated in 
 May, l.S7(l, and was 
 admitted to the bar. 
 
 .\fter practicing law in this city until the spring 
 of IN?;}, he removed to Texas on account of 
 failing health. He remained there nearly four 
 years, practicing law during the time. He did 
 an extensive practice, principally in the criminal 
 courts. He displayed such signal abilit\- in 
 this branch of the law that he was appointed 
 district attorney by Judge M. H. Bonner, who 
 
 ALFRED ALLEN PAXSON. 
 
 regained his health he returned to St. Louis in 
 March, 1877, and devoted himself to the practice 
 of law, doing an extensive business, both in the 
 civil and criminal courts, until April, lfS91, 
 when he was appointed judge of the Second 
 Di.strict Police Court of this city by IMayor 
 E. A. Noonan, which position he now holds. 
 
 Mr. Paxson was married October 8, 187;^, to 
 
 Miss Julia L. Hart, of St. Louis, who was the 
 
 daughter of Harrison E. Hart, colonel of the 
 
 Twenty-second Illinois Infantry, and who died 
 
 in l.S(;;i while in the 
 
 ser\-ice. 
 
 While in Texas 
 their first-born child, 
 a daughter named 
 Sallie, died. The 
 l)od\- was brought to 
 Alton, Illinois, and 
 lies in the cemetery 
 at that place. They 
 now have fotir chil- 
 dren living — Nellie, 
 Harry, Pryor and 
 Ruth'. 
 
 Mr. Paxson is a 
 prominent member 
 of the Independent 
 Order of Odd Fel- 
 lows, of the Supreme 
 Council of the Le- 
 gion of Honor, being 
 one of the represent- 
 atives from Excel- 
 sior Council, No. 17, 
 > American Legion 
 s a Presbvterian; in 
 
 .f tl 
 
 and also a member 
 of Honor. In religio: 
 politics, a Democrat. 
 
 A sketch of Judge Paxson without a reference 
 to his parents, and to the life-work of his distin- 
 guished father, would be incomplete. Stephen 
 Paxson, the father of Judge Paxson, was born 
 at New Lisbon, Ohio, November 3, 1808. His 
 has since been a member of the Supreme Court mother was Sarah (Pryor) Paxson, and was a 
 of Texas. nativeof Tennessee. During the last forty \ears 
 
 While in Texas Mr. Paxson was elected county of his life, Stephen Paxson was a Sunday school 
 superintendent of Public Schools. Having missionary, and traveled through the Western 
 
300 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 States ill the interest of the American Snnday 
 School Union, and was known and beloved by 
 thousands of people throuo^hoiit the West and 
 South. He died in this city, April i'l, ISSl, 
 and rests in Bellefontaine cemetery. 
 
 Claiborne, Jame.s Robert, was born in 
 Franklin county, Virginia, August 5, 1840. 
 He was the son of Nathaniel H. and Elizabeth 
 Archer ( Binford ) Claiborne. His father was a 
 representative in the Congress of the United 
 States from 1820 to 1S40. 
 
 James Robert received his education in the 
 common schools of his native county. After 
 leaving school he engaged in farming until the 
 beginning of the civil war, in 18til, when he 
 enlisted as a private in Company D, Second 
 Regiment Virginia Cavalry, and took part with 
 his regiment in nearly all the battles fought by 
 the army of Northern Virginia, and was slighth- 
 wounded in a skirmish on the Loudon & Hamp- 
 shire Railroad. When the war ended, he was 
 colonel of the Thirty-seventh Regiment \'ir- 
 ginia Cavalry. 
 
 He came to Missoiiri in 186(), and was licensed 
 to practice law by Judge Moodey of the Circuit 
 Court, and formed a partnership with his 
 brother, Colonel Nathaniel C. Claiborne, which 
 continued until 188;-}, when he was appointed 
 prosecuting attorney of the Criminal Court, on 
 the death of Samuel Erskine. He served in this 
 position until 1887, when he was elected to the 
 same office for the term of four years. At the 
 end of this term, after serving for eight years as 
 prosecutor, he was elected judge of the Court of 
 Criminal Correction on the Democratic ticket, 
 receiving the largest majority ever given any 
 one elected to that office. His term of office 
 will expire in December, 1894. 
 
 Judge Claiborne was elected to the State Sen- 
 ate in 187(i, and ser\-ed for four years. In addi- 
 tion to the political offices he has held, he has 
 been chosen j^resident of the Ex-Confederate 
 Association of Missouri, a society composed of 
 30,000 surviving veterans of the late Confed- 
 erate army, and also president of the St. Louis 
 Historical and Benevolent Association, com- 
 
 posed of ex-Confederates. He is a member of 
 the Legion of Honor, the Knights of Honor, 
 the Ancient Order of United Workmen and the 
 ^'alle\• Council of the Royal Arcanum. 
 
 Delano, Rufus J., one of the most talented 
 attorneys and conspicuous political leaders of 
 St. Louis, was born at Dayton, Ohio, May 10, 
 1854. He is the son of William J. and Eleanor 
 (Odlin) Delano. His mother died at Memphis 
 when he was but three years old, while his 
 father was, before the war, one of the proprie- 
 tors of the Bee at New Orleans, where he died. 
 
 After the death of his mother, Rufus, with 
 his brothers, was sent to St. Louis relatives, 
 under whose care he grew up. When properly 
 prepared he entered Washington University, 
 where he graduated in 1872, having specially 
 fitted himself in civil engineering. He after- 
 ward concluded that he was better adapted to 
 the law. He accordingly took a three-years' 
 course at the St. Louis Law School, and, subse- 
 quent to his admission to practice by Judge 
 Alex. Hamilton, went to work for Garland & 
 (yreen as a clerk: 
 
 After two years in this capacity, he opened an 
 office for practice, and since, during a course of 
 fifteen }'ears, he has earned both reputation and 
 money as a gifted lawyer. His practice has 
 been mostly civil, and he has made a specialty 
 within the field of corporation and theatrical 
 business. He is an influential leader in the 
 councils of the Republican party, and in 1888-89, 
 while chairman of the Republican Central Com- 
 mittee, was the means of harmonizing the fac- 
 tions of the party which had been at enmit>- for 
 years. 
 
 Mr. Delano was married to Augusta, daughter 
 of Mr. August Nedderhut, of St. Louis, October 
 14, ISSIi. They have two children, Rufus J., 
 Jr., and Eleanor. 
 
 Mr. Delano takes quite a prominent interest 
 in athletic sports of a high-toned character, and 
 as president of the Pastime Athletic Club he 
 brought that organization to the front and made 
 it known as one of the leading athletic clubs of 
 the West. 
 
BIOGRAPIIIL AL APPENDIX. 
 
 801 
 
 Th 
 
 Vai.mant, Lkroy B., son of Denton Hurlock 
 and Xarcissa (Kilpatrick) Valliant, was born at 
 Moulton, Alabama, June 14, 1838. In the pa- 
 ternal line he is of the Valliant and Ilnrlock 
 families of Maryland origin. The first .Vnieri- 
 can ancestor of the Valliant, or \'aliant, family 
 ( the name is spelled either way in different 
 branches) was John Valliant, an En<:;lishman, 
 who came to the Colonies a yonth in lli.').S and 
 settled in Caroline count\-, Mar\-land, where 
 many of his descendants still 
 father of John Vall- 
 iant was a French- 
 man, Jean \'aillant, 
 who emigrated from 
 France during the 
 reign of Louis XI\'. 
 and settled and mar- 
 ried in L o n d o n , 
 where liis name be- 
 came anglicized from 
 \'aillant to Valliant. 
 
 The Hurlock fam- 
 ily spring from Jon- 
 athan Hurlock, an 
 Englishman, who 
 came to the Colonies 
 in 171C. and settled 
 in .Maryland, where 
 man\- of his descend- 
 ants still reside, 
 chiefi\- in Dorches- 
 ter count\- and in 
 Dahimore. In the 
 maternal line the 
 
 subject of this sketch is of a Tennessee family, 
 Kilpatrick, which is of Scotch-Irish origin. 
 
 Ivcroy B. Valliant was educated at the Uni- 
 \ersity of Mississippi, where he gradiuited in 
 l!^.')*). He then entered the Cumberland Uni- 
 versity Law School, at Lebanon, Tennessee, 
 where he graduated in LS.'i.S, and was admitted 
 to the bar in Oreenville, Mississippi, in !''>'>'.•. 
 He commenced practice at Greenville, but the 
 war breaking out soon afterward, he gave u]) 
 his profession for the time-being and entered 
 the Confederate army as a lieutenant, and after- 
 
 LEROV B. VALLIANT 
 
 wards became captain of Company I, Twenty- 
 second Mississippi Regiment, which regiment 
 he commanded in the battle of Shiloh after all 
 its field officers had been killed or wounded. 
 He was also in other engagements. After his 
 war experience he returned to Greenville and 
 resumed practice, remaining in that city until 
 November, 1874:, building up a large practice 
 and earning the respect and admiration of his 
 fellow-citizens. 
 
 In the winter of LST-l-Tf) Mr. \'alliant came 
 to St. Louis, where 
 he commenced the 
 practice of law. His 
 talents attracted gen- 
 eral attention, and 
 he soon took his 
 position in the first 
 rank of the vSt. Louis 
 bar. As a promi- 
 nent Democrat and 
 a \er)' able orator, 
 he became in great 
 fa\or with his party, 
 ar.d in 18S(i he was 
 nominated for a 
 judgeship in the Cir- 
 cuit Court. He was 
 elected in November 
 of that )ear and took 
 his seat at the be- 
 ginning of 1887. 
 
 ' The court over 
 
 which he was chosen 
 to preside is one of 
 the highest courts of original juri-sdiction in 
 the State, and located in a great city, the char- 
 acter of litigation that has come before Judge 
 Valliant has been of the highest importance, 
 invol\-ing not only large property interests, but 
 also cjuestions of State and municipal govern- 
 ment. In discharging these arduous and re- 
 sponsible duties, he has achieved a high repu- 
 tation and e.Kerted great influence in shaping 
 the policy of our laws. 
 
 When his first term of si.x years was drawing 
 to a close, the Democratic convention nominated 
 
 4xii^ 
 
802 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 him by acclamation for re-election. The St. 
 Louis bar, with great unanimity and regardless 
 of politics, supported him, and at the general 
 election in 1892, although the city of St. Louis 
 was carried by the Republicans on both State 
 and national tickets, Judge Valliant was re- 
 elected by 5,000 majority. He is now serving 
 his second term. He ranks among our most 
 public-spirited citizens, and is always ready to 
 respond when called upon to assist in any 
 movement of importance or public concern. 
 
 Judge Valliant married in October, 1H(;2, 
 Miss Theodosia Taylor Worthington, daughter 
 of Judge Isaac Worthington, of Washington 
 county, Mississippi, a soldier of the war of 1S12 
 and the son of a soldier of the Revolution. 
 Mrs. Valliant, in the maternal line, is of the 
 Payne and Taylor families of Kentucky. Judge 
 and Mrs. Valliant have three talented sons, 
 Frank W., a graduate of the School of Mines 
 at Rolla, Missouri, and now in practice as a 
 civil engineer; John W., recently graduated at 
 Princeton, and is now a member of the St. 
 Louis bar; and Leroy W., who has not yet com- 
 pleted his edtication or chosen his vocation. 
 
 Bell, Leverett, was born at Lewiston, New 
 York, May 2(i, 1836. Hisparents were Jonathan 
 and Mary Leverett ( Leonard ) Bell. He attended 
 the common schools at his birth-place until he 
 was fifteen years, when his parents moved to 
 Detroit, ^Michigan, in 1S,')1, where he went to 
 public school for a few mouths. 
 
 When sixteen years old, he decided to become 
 a civil engineer, and obtained employment with 
 a railroad company as a "rod-man" and aided 
 in making several railroad surveys through 
 Michigan. In 1855 he came to Missouri and 
 entered the services of the Missouri Pacific Rail- 
 road as assistant engineer; was sent to Rolla, 
 this State, where he remained for a \ear and 
 a half. 
 
 He then returned to Detroit and read law in 
 the office and under the direction of Wilcox & 
 (iray. He was admitted to the bar in the spring 
 of 1<S5(), and then came to St. Lotiis, where he 
 was admitted to the bar the same spring and 
 
 entered on the practice at once. In 18()0 he 
 formed a partnership with Alexander Martin, 
 which continiied until INliM, when he entered 
 the military service of the United States, and 
 was assigned to the engineering corps. He 
 remained in the service until the summer of 
 18(i5, and then resumed the practice of law in 
 this city. In 1875 he formed a partnership with 
 William B. Thompson, which continued for 
 two years. 
 
 Mr. Bell was appointed city counselor in 
 1><75, which ofhce he resigned the following 
 year. He was reappointed in 1«77 and held the 
 office continuously until the expiration of his 
 last term in May, 1891, having been reappointed 
 under the various city administrations during a 
 period of fourteen years. Since retiring from 
 the office which he filled with distinguished 
 ability, Mr. Bell has devoted himself to the 
 practice of his profession. 
 
 Mr. Bell married, in March, Lsli'S^ ^Irs. Lena 
 Holmes (nee Barnard), of Detroit, Michigan. 
 They have three children — ^ilargaret, Elizabeth 
 and Florence. 
 
 Skixker, Thom.\S K., son of Thomas and 
 Jane (Neilson) Skinker, was born in St. Louis 
 county, June 9, 1845. He attended private 
 school at the residence of Judge Edward Bates, 
 and also Webster College, on the site of the 
 present Orphan Home at Webster Grove. He 
 then went through a six years' course at the 
 Washington University, graduating in the class 
 of lS()o with such prominent men as Henry W. 
 Elliott, Juo. T. Davis, William R. Donaldson, 
 Chester H. Krum, Juo. P. Collier and Jas. S. 
 Waters. After leaving the university he at- 
 tended the law school of \'irginia and studied 
 law under John B. Minor. 
 
 He was admitted to the bar in St. Louis 
 September 2S, lS(i7, and entered into partner- 
 ship with William R. Donaldson, establishing 
 the firm of Donaldson &: Skinker. The firm 
 was dissolved in 1872, and for the last twenty 
 vears Mr. Skinker has been in practice alone. 
 He has proved a very able and successful lawyer 
 and his record is a very interesting one. He is 
 
Bl( X.RA PHIL A L A PPENP/X. 
 
 303 
 
 now a director of the Law Library Association 
 of St. Louis; director of the Fort Worth Light 
 and Power Company, of Fort Worth, Texas; 
 secretary and treasurer of the Clayton and 
 Forest Park Railway Company; director of the 
 Orchard Mining Company, of Joplin, Missouri, 
 and is connected with many other enterprises. 
 For eight years Mr. Skinker was reporter of the 
 Supreme Court of Missouri and published the 
 able reports of that court from \^olunies sixty- 
 five to eighty. 
 
 He married in the year IHliii Miss .\dela 
 Bertha Rives, of Charlottesville, Virginia. 
 
 ]Mr. Skinker's legal record is a splendid one. 
 The Supreme Court reports already referred to as 
 having been published by him, are looked upon 
 throughout the United States as among the 
 most carefully compiled reports ever issued. 
 The decisions are admirably reprodticed, and 
 the cases cited are so arranged as to make refer- 
 ence to them easy and pleasant. 
 
 Mr. Skinker has handled cases involving the 
 title to large tracts of laud and the ownership 
 of immense sums of moue}-, and his clients 
 ha\e been able to leave their interests entirely 
 in his hands without a second thought as to 
 how they would be conducted. He is conscien- 
 tious as well as clever, and is as careful not to 
 take an unfair advantage as he is to prevent an 
 unfair advantage to be taken of him. He is 
 one of the best read men in the State, and is 
 able to decide off-hand intricate questions with- 
 out danger of his opinions being upset in any 
 court. He is also an exceptionally popular 
 citizen of St. Louis. He has never been called 
 upon in vain to assist in any public enterprise, 
 and he is now identified with the building of a 
 railroad to connect the county seat of vSt. Louis 
 county with the city of St. Louis, an enterprise 
 which will enhance the value of property to the 
 extent of millions of dollars and open up for 
 residence purposes one of the loveliest tracts of 
 land to be found in America. 
 
 He resides in a house on what is known as 
 "Skinker Boule\ard," this being the house in 
 which he was born. The last increase in the 
 city's boundaries took in a portion of the house 
 
 which is now divided by the boundary line of 
 St. Louis county, the judge sleeping in both the 
 city and the county every night. 
 
 Dillon, Judge Daniel. — Entitled to rank as 
 one of the leaders of a brilliant and distinguished 
 bar, who, both as advocate and expounder, has 
 demonstrated a profound conception of the in- 
 tricate and delicate bearings of the science of 
 law, is he whose biography is here briefly 
 given. Judge Dillon is a self-made man, and 
 throughout life has never failed to appreciate 
 the necessity of full dependence on self, a reli- 
 ance which has unquestionably proved one of 
 the chief factors of his success. What such in- 
 dustry, courage and determination have attained 
 for him is calculated to encourage young men 
 who aspire to success in every walk of life, but 
 especially can his example be applied with 
 truth and exactness to those striving for success 
 in the law. 
 
 As a struggling youth, as a student, as a sol- 
 dier, as a practicing attorney, and as a judge on 
 the bench, he has a record without a blot. B\- 
 his genial and unassuming manner, and his 
 marked ability, he has won thousands of friends 
 and a judicial reputation of which he may well 
 be proud. While a man of strong convictions, 
 no one has ever impugned Judge Dillon's 
 absolute fairness and impartiality while on the 
 bench. He is possessed of the "judicial mind" 
 in a remarkable degree, and his decisions bear 
 all the indications that every point of the case 
 has been nicely weighed and that the decision is 
 a fair and a just one. 
 
 Judge Daniel Dillon was born in St. Louis, 
 September 2(i, 1X41. Both his father and his 
 mother, Philip and Margaret ( Kelly ) Dillon, 
 were natives of Ireland. When Daniel was 
 about four years old the father, who was a fanner, 
 decided to settle with his family in Jefferson 
 county, this State. Here the .son was educated, 
 attending the district school, and afterward 
 teaching Jefferson county schools for two terms. 
 The finishing courses of his education were ob- 
 tained at the Christian Brothers' College, St. 
 Louis, and he was just about to graduate when 
 
304 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 the civil war broke out. He quit his books, and 
 in August, 1<S(;2, enlisted as a private in Com- 
 pany A, Thirtieth Missouri Volunteer Infantry. 
 He was among the troops at the siege of Vicks- 
 burg, served part of the time with Sherman's 
 army, and was in many of the liard-fought l)at- 
 tles of the Mississippi \'alley. Remaining in 
 the army until the close of the war, he was 
 mustered out in May, 18()(i, with the rank of 
 captain. 
 
 Directly after this event he returned to vSt. 
 Louis with the determination to fit himself for 
 the bar and to make this city his home. He 
 began by reading law privately and in the 
 office of Coonley & Madill, and on the opening 
 of the St. Louis Law School, in the fall of 18(i7, 
 he became a member of the first class, attended 
 two terms and graduated in 18(59, having been 
 admitted to the bar in 18(i8. Then he formed a 
 partnership with John W. Dryden, for law ]3rac- 
 tice, which later was followed by a partnership 
 with Peter J. Taafe. In 1870 he entered the 
 office of Judge Madill, succeeding to a portion 
 of the latter's practice wlien he was elected 
 judge of the Circuit Court. In 1884 he yielded 
 to the solicitation of his friends and became a 
 candidate on the Democratic ticket for judge of 
 the Circuit Court of St. Louis. The public's 
 confidence in his legal capacity was shown by 
 his overwhelming election for a term of six years. 
 So well did he fill the requirements of that 
 responsible office, that at the expiration of his 
 term in 1890 he was again elected and is at pres- 
 ent occupying the bench. 
 
 Judge Dillon was married in October, 1873, to 
 Miss Mary Jane Fox, daughter of William and 
 Hannah (Glennon) Fox. They have four sons 
 and two daughters — ^John, Paul, William, Helen, 
 Daniel and Marie, all bright and promising 
 children. 
 
 Keber, John Benjamin, son of Michael and 
 Eliza (Kern) Keber, was born on May Ki, 18(i:^, 
 in St. Louis. His father is a well-known citi- 
 zen of the city, and his mother is the daughter 
 of the late John Kern, who was one of the 
 founders and president of the St. Louis Mutual 
 
 Fire and Marine Insurance Company until his 
 death in 185(1. 
 
 Dr. Keber received an excellent education, 
 first in the Christian Brothers' College, and then 
 at the St. Louis University, graduating from 
 the latter institution in June, 1880, with the 
 degree of A.B., and the highest honors of his 
 class. A few months later he entered the St. 
 Louis Medical College, where he studied for 
 three years, securing the degree of M.D. in 
 March, 1883. His first appointment was as 
 assistant physician to the Alexian Brothers' Hos- 
 pital, which was soon followed by that of assist- 
 ant editor of the .S7. l^ouis Medical and Surgical 
 Journal. 
 
 Concluding to make the treatment of skin 
 diseases his specialty, he went to Europe in 
 l''<84, with the view of studying his subject 
 under the most favorable conditions, and spent 
 four years under the most famous dermatologists 
 of the Old World. He was matriculated for vary- 
 ing periods at the University of Strassburg, 
 Heidelberg, Berlin, Prague, Vienna and Paris, 
 the greatest portion of his time, however, being 
 passed in Prague and Vienna. Availing him- 
 self to the utmost of his unusual opportunities, 
 he became an accomplished dermatologist, and, 
 in 1888, returned to St. Louis. 
 
 Commencing practice again, his scientific at- 
 tainments soon gained for him an enviable repu- 
 tation, among his confreres as well as the general 
 public. A few weeks after his return he was 
 appointed assistant to the chair of dermatology 
 in the St. Louis Post-Graduate School of Medi- 
 cine, resigning that position in the summer of 
 1890, when he was tendered the professorship 
 of skin diseases in the Beaumont Hospital Med- 
 ical College, which he accepted and now holds. 
 Later on he was also elected to the office of 
 secretary of the faculty. In June, 1890, Dr. 
 Keber received the degree of A.M. from the 
 St. Louis Universit\-. He is consulting derma- 
 tologist to the Alexian Brothers' Hospital, Mis- 
 souri Pacific Railway system and St. Mary's In- 
 firmary; a member of the St. Louis Medical 
 and other societies, and has made for himself a 
 place in the front rank of the profession. 
 
BiO(,R. irnrc.if. app/lyp/x. 
 
 ()()\A\, RoiiKRT M., is a iiati\f St. I.ouisan, 
 Hi; hftii lioni in tliis cit\- Xoveniber !», 1S.'>4. 
 iiidllur, l)cf(iic her iiiarria>;e, was .Sarah 
 mmi, ami liis father was Thomas Noonaii, 
 cif vSt. Lduis' i)ld-tiine Inisiiiess leaders, and 
 lor nuun- years was the head of tlic lars^e 
 lesale queensware and china store on Main 
 ■t, opposite tlie old \'irginia Hotel. 
 
 ated at the St. Louis 
 stitutiun 
 It fifteen 
 
 Xi 
 
 rslt^ 
 
 Jle., 
 
 i.i; at that ti 
 
 at the 
 ited from that 
 
 after lea\"in.y; collej^^e 
 the .Missonri Pacific 
 l\.ailwa>- offered him 
 a ])hice, which he ac- 
 cepted. His quick- 
 ness and adaptabilit>- 
 to the business soon 
 made itself apparent, 
 and he received nu- 
 merous promotions 
 at the hands of the 
 superior officers of 
 the corporation, and 
 when he left the em- 
 ploy of the road nine 
 years after he entered 
 it, he was holdinc^ a 
 responsible and lu- 
 crative ofTrce. He 
 went next to the 
 liauk of Commerce, 
 where he accepted a 
 
 After a few years' connection with the l)auk 
 he kft it and entered the real estate business 
 with his brother, Thomas S. Noonan. When 
 the latter died, Robert assumed control of the 
 business, and has conducted it ever since. 
 
 Mr. Xnouau is \-ery popular with all his 
 ])atn)us, and his affable and courteous manner 
 has been an important factor of his success. 
 His pecuniary success during the four years just 
 passed has been phenomenal, as by strict atten- 
 ti(ni to business and a keen business iusiglit, he 
 has cleared between $75,000 and $100,000. He 
 20 
 
 is still a young man, and considering his busi- 
 ness acumen, he gives promise of becoming a 
 millionaire once, twice, or three times over be- 
 fore he has reached the half century mark. He 
 numbers among his clients some of the wealth- 
 iest real property holders and largest estates in 
 St. Louis, and has a chain of corresponding 
 agents in all the large cities of the country. 
 
 Mr. Xoonan was married on March ^.'), ISDl, 
 to Miss Maud Henr\-, the daughter of William 
 Henry of the Wm. liarr Dry ( ".oods Company, and 
 has one daughter. 
 
 W.M.KKR, RoiiKKT, 
 
 son of Joseph and 
 Sarah ( Thompson ) 
 Walker, was born in 
 Monroe county, Illi- 
 nois, January .'il, 
 bSi;.'). At that time 
 his father, Mr. Jo- 
 seph Walker, was 
 the owner of a \'ahi- 
 able farm in Monroe 
 county, and Rob- 
 ert's early da\s were 
 s])ent on the farm. 
 His parents, how- 
 e\er, moved into St. 
 Louis wdien he was 
 (|uite young, and he 
 had the benefit of a 
 first-class education 
 '^oo^'^'^- in private and public 
 
 schools of this city. 
 He then took a course at the Bryant & vStratton 
 Business College. 
 
 His first experience was in the establishment 
 of Crawford .^ Company, as clerk, a position he 
 filled to the satisfaction of his employers for a 
 period of upwards of two \ears. In l.S,S7 his 
 father, the proprietor of the Hotel Barnum, felt 
 the need of a working partner and assistant, and 
 he accordingly offered Robert an interest in the 
 business, with the position of manager. The 
 offer was accepted, and during the last five years 
 the active management of this iwpular house 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 has been vested in Mr. Robert Walker. Tlie 
 Hotel Barnum combines, to a marked degree, 
 all the advantages of a first-class house, with 
 moderate charges, and hundreds of drummers 
 make it their headquarters when in the city. 
 There is an air of home-life about the Hotel 
 Iiarunm which insures the continuance of its 
 popularit\- and success, and the management is 
 so good that e\'er\-thing runs smoothly, as a 
 matter of course. 
 
 Young Mr. Walker is an enthusiastic member 
 of the Order of the Knights of I^•thias. 
 
 (iKHXHR, August, sou of Conrad and ]\Iary 
 ( Hehman ) Gehner, was born in Hanover, (ier- 
 mau\', September 1!S, l!S4t). He received the 
 rudiments of his education in the schools of his 
 native city, and when he was thirteen years of 
 age his parents emigrated with him to America, 
 settling in St. Louis. Here young August again 
 took up his studies, attending the (German In- 
 stitute for two >-ears, the close of his school 
 term being marked by the breaking out of the 
 ci\-il war. Although still of the school-boy 
 age, he was fired with enthusiasm and patriot- 
 ism for his adopted country, and enlisted in 
 Battalion L., First Missouri Artillery. During 
 his term of enlistment he was in many hard- 
 fought battles, among them the battles of Prairie 
 (jrove and Pea Ridge. He was a stayer, as well 
 as a fighter, and continued in ser\'ice up to the 
 end of the war, and was finalh' nuistered out at 
 St. Louis. 
 
 He then began to look about for means to 
 earn a living. He had, in his school da}"s, 
 shown a remarkable aptness at drawing, and 
 a position being offered as draftsman in the 
 surveyor-general's office, he accejated the place, 
 and this finally led him into the present abstract 
 business. After continuing for three years in 
 this connection, he next accepted the position 
 of clerk in the office of Hurk & O'Reilley, ab- 
 stracters of titles. His term (jf service with 
 this firm was also for three years, at the end of 
 which time he set up an abstract ofl^ce of his 
 own. This was in 1^>(>8, and the location of the 
 business was at Third and Pine, then the center 
 
 of the real estate district of St. Louis. As the 
 cit>- grew westward, Mr. Gehner moved to Pine, 
 near Sixth, and then again to (il(3 Chestnut, and 
 finally, when the Wainwright Building was 
 completed in 1«!I8, he fitted up elegant offices 
 therein, establishing what are likely to be his 
 permanent headquarters. His firm has examined 
 and has abstracts of almost every piece of proj)- 
 erty in the city. It is considered one of the 
 most reliable and best equipped abstract and 
 title establishments in St. Louis, and in this 
 respect the business partakes of the character- 
 istics (.)f the proprietor. 
 
 \\'hile the abstract business conducted by Mr. 
 (iehner is one of the most important in the cit\', 
 he has become best known to the financial 
 world through his connection with the German- 
 American Bank. A comparison shows this to 
 be one of the most solid banks in St. Louis, and 
 beyond question the first dividend-paying bank 
 in the cit\-. The stockholders all realize that 
 this condition must be credited to the wise 
 counsel and excellent management of the l)ank's 
 l^resident, Mr. Gehner. He is looked upon in 
 every business circle where he is known as a 
 financier of the wisest judgment and highest 
 talent, and various companies and corporations 
 ha\-e availed themselves of his advice. He is a 
 director of the Mississipjn \'alle\' Trust Com- 
 pany, of the Cyerman United Fire Insurance 
 Company, and is the treasurer of tFie company 
 erecting the new §1,000,000 hotel, besides other 
 companies. Socially, he is prominently indenti- 
 fied as a member with the St. Louis Club. He 
 was married to Miss ]\Iinna Wehniiller, of .St. 
 Louis, in 1^70. They luue two children, a boy 
 and a girl, named Albert and Pauline. 
 
 It may be said with truth that Mr. (Teliuer 
 would be accorded a place in a list of a dozen 
 most prominent citizens of St. Louis should 
 any one conversant with the affairs of St. Louis 
 attempt to compile such a list. Mr. Gehner is 
 a man of great teuacit\- of purpose, and of 
 great will-power and force of character. He is 
 not a seeker after popularity, and does not hesi- 
 tate to oppose in an outspoken manner that 
 which he conceives to be error. 
 
r 
 
ni( M,R. !/'///(. : u. . \i'ri:Xiux. 
 
 307 
 
 Mii.i.KK, L. Cass, son of John H. and \'ii-.L;inia 
 Soninurxillc ( Ilarnflt ) Miller, was l)orn at l-red- 
 fiickshnro, \'iii;inia, October 1."), |,s;)(i, and was 
 edncaled in a private school in his native State. 
 He then went to Washington, I). C, where he 
 attended the High Grammar School, after which 
 he went to Europe and studied in the (roxern- 
 nient Architectnral School of hjigland. He 
 returned from luirope in 1S7'.I and located in 
 Xew York City, where he studied and practiced 
 in the office of Mr. Stephen I). Hatch. 
 
 After four \-ears of 
 work in Mr. Hatch's 
 office he was admit- 
 ted to partuershi]\ 
 hut in the same \ear 
 ( 1 !S.s;> ) was attracted 
 hy the possibilities 
 for a first-class arch- 
 itect in the West, 
 and came to St. 
 Louis. His reputa- 
 tion had preceded 
 him, and he experi- 
 enced no difficulty in 
 securing remunera- 
 ti\e and responsible 
 commissions. 
 
 While in Xew 
 \'ork he had super- 
 intended the con- 
 st met i(.)n of such 
 buildings as the Mur- 
 rav Hill Hotel, the 
 Liverpool, London 
 
 and (ilobe Building, and the I.oreel P>uilding; 
 and his St. Louis record is e\en nuire credita- 
 ble. The Laclede lUiilding is looked upon by 
 \'isitors to the city as one of the best planned 
 buildings in the West. 
 
 The design was .Mr. Milkr's. and he superin- 
 Uuded its execution with the care and ])recision 
 which marks every commission he undertakes. 
 The costlv residence houses of Mr. William 
 P.agnall and Mr. Clarence O'l-allon mav be 
 quoted exam]iK-s of his fine work in ])ii\ate 
 dwelling-houses, while those who have sto]iped 
 
 L. CASS niLI.ER 
 
 at theCrasconade Ilotel, Lebanon, Missouri, will 
 be interested to know that tlie building was 
 planuL-d l)v Mr. Miller, and erected under his 
 su])er\isiou. 
 
 ^h-. .Miller does not follow old and tedious 
 lines or ideas in his work, but carefulh- thinks 
 out new designs, studies laboriously o\er the 
 details, and succeeds e\-ery time in exolving 
 something at once unique, economical and com- 
 prehensi\-e. 
 
 He married Miss Katie (L Pitcher, of St. 
 fvouis, in ].S<s;i, and 
 has two children, 
 X'irginia (icrtrnde 
 and Douglas War- 
 wick. 
 
 X.A.PTOX, Ch.a.s. 
 McCluxg, was born 
 at the country home 
 known as Elk Hill, 
 in Saline county, 
 Missouri, being the 
 son of Judge Will- 
 iam P). and .Malinda 
 I Williams ) Xapton. 
 He was educated in 
 the High School of 
 .St. Louis, Westmin- 
 ster College at Eul- 
 ton, Missouri, and 
 the rni\ersity of 
 \'irginia. He left 
 the l'ui\ersit>' in 
 ISIUI and returned to 
 Saline conntv . He taught school and .studied 
 law during the ne.xt two years, reading law 
 with Col. .Samuel lioyd. Judge .Strother aiul 
 Lewis W. .Miller. He was admitted to the bar 
 in lS71,and immediately came to St. Louis and 
 entered on the practice of law, and has been 
 here e\er since, engaged in the general ci\-il 
 ])ractice. He was assistant attorney for the 
 St. Louis cK: .San Francisco Railroad for huir 
 \ears, and in that capacit\' became con\ersant 
 with the railroad and corporation law. 
 
 Mr. Xapton is president of the Western 
 
OLD .iXD \/i\\' ST. /.Or/S. 
 
 Economic Association, a society organized for 
 the diffusion of useful information upon economic 
 questions, and it was through its efforts that the 
 census of 1890 was made to contain statistics of 
 farm mortgages. He is unmarried. 
 
 Copi', vSami'KI., son of Samuel and Phoebe 
 (Theall) Copp, was born in Sharon county, 
 Connecticut, February m, bsHi. Mr. Copp, Sr., 
 was a native of Stonington, and ^Irs. Copp was 
 born in New York City. Young Samuel was 
 educated in the district schools at Mystic, Con- 
 necticut. .\t the age of fifteen he went to 
 Syracuse, New York. Three years later, in the 
 year 1!S;^;5, he came to vSt. Louis, which was 
 then a fiontier town of about 6,')()() inhabitants. 
 
 Mr. Copp's first work here was in the dry 
 goods establishment of Brewster &: Loouiis, and 
 he confined his attention to merchandise until 
 the \ear 1X4;>, when he engaged in the com- 
 mission and chemical business. After seven 
 \-ears of \-ery successful work in this line he 
 retired and was appointed by the directors as 
 secretary and treasurer of the Pacific Railway, 
 when that road was being constructed, at which 
 period Mr. Thos. Allen was the president. Not 
 only was Mr. Cupp the first secretar\- of the first 
 railroad established and l)uilt west of the Mis- 
 sissip]")i, but he was also a member of the part\- 
 which rode on the first trip made b\' a locomo- 
 tive on the newly-constructed line. 
 
 Mr. Copp continued in this position until the 
 year IH-lcS, when he retired and established the 
 pri\-ate banking business of Allen, Copp & 
 Xisbett. The firm was a very substantial and 
 prosperous one, and it continued intact until 
 l'S7<i, when the partnership was dissolved, the 
 members deciding to retire permanently from 
 active commercial life. So far as Mr. Copp was 
 concerned, the rest was of short duration, for in 
 I'STT he was persuaded to accept the position as 
 secretary and treasurer of the Bellefontaine 
 Cemetery .\ssociatinn, which position he still 
 holds. 
 
 He married in 1<S4;5 Miss Sarah A. Chappell, 
 of Baltimore, Maryland. He has had six chil- 
 dren, of whom two daughters are living, one of 
 
 them being the wife of Joh 
 cashier of the State Bank. 
 
 H. McClunev. 
 
 Ellekbrock, Herman Auciust, was born in 
 (Germany on .\ugust '2'2, l.s.")i, hjs parents being 
 Frederick and Johanna ( Bilgrim ) Ellerbrock. 
 In the land where he was born, he spent his 
 vouth and early manhood, receiving his educa- 
 tion from the splendid schools of that countr\-. 
 When his education was considered complete, 
 he was apprenticed by his parents to the baker 
 and pastry trade, and spent eight years in learn- 
 ing the business, thus gaining a com]ilete 
 knowledge of all its details thoroughly. After 
 his apprenticeship was finished several years 
 were spent in mastering the art of the cand\- 
 uiaker, and he then spent a number of years 
 traveling through Germany, Austria and France, 
 working at his trade in the various cities of 
 these countries. He then came to America. 
 Upon reaching St. Louis he accepted a position 
 with the Blanke Bros. Candy Company, remain- 
 ing with the firm for seven years. Recognizing 
 his worth as a candy-maker, the St. Louis Candy 
 Company made him a hrcrative offer, which he 
 accepted. In LSild he made another change, 
 connecting himself with the W'enneker & Morris 
 Candy Company, of which he was made the 
 secretary. This office he still holds. 
 
 ]\Ir. P^llerbrock married ^liss Louisa Smith, of 
 Chicago, Illinois, April 2.'), 1<S7."), and they have 
 seven children — Fred, Julius, August, (lussie, 
 Annie, L}dia and Louisa. 
 
 Boyle, Wilbur F'., was born in \'irginia, 
 -Vugust 20, 1S4(). His father was Rev. Joseph 
 Boyle, D.D., and his mother, before her mar- 
 riage, was Miss Emeline Gist. His parents 
 came to St. Louis in 1842, but his father's call- 
 ing caused the family to move from place to 
 place, so that his education was acquired at 
 various schools, Asbury University at Green- 
 castle, Indiana, being the last he attended. 
 
 He read law and the Hon. Edward Bates was 
 his preceptor for a time. He was admitted to 
 thebar Januar\- 1, US(i.S, in this city, and at once 
 entered upon a successful and lucrative practice. 
 
nioGRAPHfc. //. . I />/>/■:. \'nfx. 
 
 At the o;eneral election in Xoveiiiber, IfSTii, 
 lie was elected a judge of the Circuit Court of 
 St. Ivouis, for the term of six years, and dis- 
 charged the grave and responsible duties of that 
 office in a manner alike credital^le to himself and 
 satisfactory to the bar and the public. During 
 the summer of ISS:^ he made known his inten- 
 tion to decline a second term, and an effort was 
 made by the leading members of the bar of St. 
 fvouis to induce him to change his determination. 
 A highly flattering and complimentary request 
 was made upon him to accept tlie office for a 
 second term. This request, which was in the 
 form of a testimonial to his ability, fairness and 
 u])rightness as a judge, was signed by all of the 
 most prominent members of the bar of this city, 
 irrespective of political predilections, but feeling 
 that the compensation of the office was inade- 
 quate to the needs of those depending on him for 
 support, he declined the office and resumed the 
 practice of law on the 1st day of January, ISS.'J. 
 From IS.S.") to ISIH he was the senior member 
 of the firm of Ik)\de, Adams & -McKeighau. 
 This jKU'tnership was dissolved in ISH:^, and 
 Judges Boyle and Adams formed the present firm 
 of Hoyle S: Adams. 
 
 Judge Boyle married in l.S(;4 ;\Iiss Fannie I^. 
 l^rother. They have two children. 
 
 Arxoi.I), Hkxrv, son of Carl I^ouis and 
 Christina Arnold, was born in ('Terman\- in the 
 year 1S41I. He was educated in the public 
 schools near his home and the High School in 
 Darmstadt, and came to this country when he 
 was quite a boy. In tlie \ear 18(i(i, shorth' 
 after the close of the war, Mr. Arnold settled in 
 St. IvOuis and became connected with the firm 
 of J. (r. Haas ^ Company, which was doing 
 business in the manufacture of soap on a small 
 scale, having been established in l.Sf!;>. In the 
 year 1S74 Mr. Arnold became interested in the 
 firm, taking charge of the interest of his father- 
 in-law, .Mr. J. fi. Haas, and the firm has since 
 been incorporated as the J. (1. Haas Soap Com- 
 pany, with offices at M<li' Wash street and a very 
 large factory at Bryan avenue and Main street. 
 North St. Louis. Mr. .\rnold has been a verv 
 
 :'r of the fii 
 
 m since Us incorporation, 
 
 and as secretary of the corporation very much of 
 the active management has fallen ui)on his 
 shoulders. He is .strictly a .self-made man, his 
 capital .stock, when .starting in life, being noth- 
 ing but a fair education and a determination to 
 succeed by honorable means and iiidustrv. He 
 is also a iiieinl)er of the Merchants' Exchange, 
 and is connected with several imblic mnvc- 
 niciits. 
 
 In 1.S74 Mr. Arnold married .Miss .\mia 
 Margrethe Haas and has three children, Heiirv 
 C, Tinnie and Ida. 
 
 HucirKS, WiLi.i.VM Ivi)C,.\K, son of John and 
 I-:iiza ( Rutlicrford ) Hughes, was born in .Mor- 
 gan county, Illinois, March 1."), 1x40. When 
 twenty years of age he went to Texas, and after 
 a long career in the vSouthern army he taught 
 school, and finally started a law practice at 
 Weatherford, Texas. 
 
 He resided there eight years, and then moved 
 to Dallas, where he enjoyed a lucrative and 
 constantly-growing practice. He had been in 
 Dallas only a few years when he organized the 
 City Bank of Dallas, which soon became one of 
 the solidest financial institutions in the citv. 
 Subsequently he was made the bank president, 
 and later, as his interests as a capitalist extended, 
 he gradually relaxed his law practice, and in 
 isyo he gave it up entirely. In the same year 
 he retired from the Dallas Cit\' Bank and 
 moved to St. Louis, where he organized tiie 
 Continental Land and Cattle Company, of which 
 he is president. In h'ebruary, 1H!I1, he was 
 elected president of the Union Trust Compaiu , 
 an office he administered with ability for two 
 years. 
 
 Colonel Hughes repre.seiited liis district for 
 one term in the Texas Legislature as a Demo- 
 crat. Outside of the Masons, he has never con- 
 sented to become a memlier of any social or fra- 
 ternal societv. 
 
 In lM(i7 he married Miss .\niiie C. Peete, of 
 Fort Wortli, Texas. They have had but one 
 child, a daughter, who is now married and re- 
 sides with her husband in Dallas, Texas. 
 
310 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Capkn, Gkorgk I)., sou of William and Eliza 
 (Dunn) Capen, was born in Brookline, Massa- 
 chusetts, July 1<S, 18;5X. He was educated at 
 the Eliot High School, Jamaica Plains, Massa- 
 chusetts, but when only fourteen years of age 
 he started out in life as a clerk in a wholesale 
 hat store in Boston. In 1S.").S he decided to 
 come west, and selected St. Eouis as being the 
 .suitable place and the most promising city for a 
 young man to whom the word "fail" had no 
 significance, and who, even at that early age, 
 had mapped out a career of an honorable and 
 ambitions character. His first occupation in his 
 new home (St. Louis), of which he subse- 
 quenth- became one of the leading men, was as 
 a clerk in the hide and leather business. In 
 liSli;-) he established a fire and marine insurance 
 agency and brokerage business, and three years 
 later he organized the Mississippi Valley Trans- 
 portation Company, a corporation whose capital 
 stock was invested in tow-boats and barges, built 
 for the purpose of exporting bulk grain and the 
 products of the West to Europe by river to New 
 Orleans and thence b)- steamers. 
 
 While Mr. Capen was always connected with 
 insurance interests, yet he was extremely ag- 
 gressive in taking up other business projects. 
 In 1878 he organized the St. Louis Club on 
 Washington avenue, near Sixteenth street, and 
 was a director and chairman of the execu.tive 
 committee for the first three \ears of the exist- 
 ence of this respected association of vSt. Louis 
 capitalists and business men. Later on, said 
 club moved to Twenty-ninth and Locust streets, 
 where it is in a mo.st flourishing and prosperous 
 condition. In 1<S87 he assi.sted in organizing 
 the Missouri Safe Deposit Company, and became 
 its president. He was also the manager of the 
 Equitable Building, a director in the Laclede 
 Gas Light Company, one of the governing board 
 of the St. Louis Jockey Club, and a member of 
 the Board of Fire Underwriters. In 1888 he 
 purchased the "(yriswold Tract" and organ- 
 ized a s\ndicate which later on de\'eloped the 
 beautiful Forest Park Terrace, Westmoreland 
 Place and Portland Place, mentioned in the 
 earlier part of this book. In 18^9 he (with the 
 
 banking house of Whitaker & Hodgman ) pur- 
 chased the Lindell Street Railway Company-, 
 the result being the conversion of a small bob- 
 tail horse-car line into one of the finest and 
 most successfully operated electric lines in the 
 world. The original purchase of this property 
 required an outlay of ^LO.'il), ()()(), and while Mr. 
 Capen was president of the compan\', an addi- 
 tional expenditure of .'51, 700,(1(10 was incurred. 
 
 Mr. Capen came from an old New England 
 family, being a direct descendant of the Law- 
 rence family, who were the pioneers in New 
 England in the successful starting and operating 
 of the large woolen and cotton factories at 
 Lowell, Lawrence and Manchester, where mill- 
 ions of dollars were accumulated through the 
 sagacity and enterprise of these great men; 
 ;\Ir. Amos Lawrence having contributed during 
 his life-time, for charitable purposes, upwards of 
 $2, 000, 000, leaving a large fortune at his death, 
 while his brother, Abbott Lawrence, was ap- 
 pointed under the Fillmore administration minis- 
 ter to the Court of St. James, which ]iosition he 
 filled with ability- and distinction. 
 
 He married in 18(i2 Miss Frances Isabella 
 Pond, daughter of Mr. Charles H. Pond (for- 
 merly of Massachusetts), a well-known architect 
 and builder, who resided in St. Louis for a num- 
 ber of \ears. ^Irs. Capen's mother was a 
 Wentworth, l)eing a descendant of ( io\ernor 
 Wentworth, the first governor of New Hanqi- 
 shire; and many of the residents of this cit\-, 
 who have visited Rye Beach or Portsmouth, 
 New Hampshire, will recollect the old "Went- 
 worth Homestead." Mr. Capen was taken sick 
 while in the midst of his successful career, and 
 his death in the spring of this year was a dis- 
 tinct loss to St. Louis. He left seven children 
 ( four sons and three daughters). The two old- 
 est sons — Samuel Davis Capen and George 
 Henry Capen — graduated at Yale College in 
 the classes of 1885 and 1890, respectively, after 
 which the oldest son studied law for uearh- 
 three years at the Har\-ard Law School, and was 
 admitted to the St. Louis bar in ISSS, while the 
 second son graduated at the .St. Louis Law 
 vSchool in 18!I2. 
 

/>'/('(, h'. !/'///( ■. //. , I /■/'/■:. \7>/.\. 
 
 ;ii 
 
 l^i-i)i\(".'i"(>\, I''ka.\ci.s II., was horn in ISnston, 
 Massacliusrlls, Scptcinl)cr ;i, is;;)!. Hr was 
 (.•(lucatfd ill llu- sclionls (if i'xisl.ni. Al sixli-rii 
 \eavs of age, ihv tkatli cif liis fatliL-r lliriw liiiii 
 upon the world and ])nl a sudden slop l<i tlu- 
 university career wliieli he had nui])ped out lor 
 himself. N'cmni; .Mr. hudin^;ton accepted _tlie 
 siluaticiii with .ncmd .i;raee, and secured a ])()siti(in 
 
 lie did not limit his labor l)^ this stipend, and 
 iplovers soon seein- his ability an.l f, 
 ilness rai.idlv a<l- 
 
 hard work were a])])reciale(l by his admission 
 into ihe linn, which now consists of William 
 I.. Cha.se and .Mr. hudin-ton, both the .Messrs. 
 II. X: I.. Chase l)eiiio dead. 
 
 Mr. I.udiiii^ton is a director of the Third 
 National Hank, and is connected with other 
 \ery prominent in.stitutioiis. He dex'otes a large 
 amoniit of his spare time to the Second Bapti.st 
 Church, of which he is a mein1)er and an active 
 
 Mr. Lndinutoii man 
 
 \-; 
 
 need 1 
 
 lii 
 
 1 
 
 11 their 
 
 es 
 
 tablisl 
 
 .\S SO( 
 
 111 
 
 ■n 
 
 he had 
 
 s; 
 
 ved 
 
 sn 
 
 ff 
 
 i e i e u t 
 
 111 
 
 )ne\- fi 
 
 Ol 
 
 il 
 
 is niea- 
 
 i"^^ 
 
 r earn 
 
 u 
 
 1 
 
 lie en- 
 'hilips 
 
 .V 
 
 ca.lei 
 
 1 X 
 
 
 t .\n- 
 
 d( 
 
 \er. 
 
 .M 
 
 as 
 
 sachu- 
 
 SI- 
 
 ts, ai 
 
 (1 
 
 la 
 
 ler the 
 
 el 
 
 irinal 
 idgew 
 
 .S 
 lU 
 
 •h 
 vl 
 
 lol at 
 Mas.sa- 
 erc- he 
 
 si 
 
 udied 
 
 f 
 
 n 
 
 three 
 
 JANCI.S H. l.lIOINCiTON 
 
 a;..;e of twenty-three. 
 He taught schot)l in 
 Massachusetts for 
 the next fixe \ears, 
 during which i)i.-rio(l 
 he continued his 
 studies in his leisure 
 
 lime, and made a number of \-aluable accpiaiut- Seiii.i-:c.i:i., RohkkT A., was born in vSt. Louis, 
 
 anccs, including ^^les.srs. Cha.se Brothers, at Jaiiuar\ '.», isni. His parents, Ciustave and 
 r.oston. These gentlemen saw in the young Rosiiia (.\ue) .Schlegel, having ])een residents 
 school teacher the making of a fir.st-clas.s bu.si- of this city for a iinmber of years, although 
 ncss man, and when in October, l«()(i, Messrs. natives of the " I'atlierlaud." He attended the 
 H. ^; L. Cliasi- i)erfected their arrangements for public schools of this cit\- and the Washington 
 a St. I.ouis branch, tlie\- sent Mr. l<iidiiigt(ni I'liiversitv- u]) to 1 .S.Si', when he embarked in the 
 there and placed him in (diargc to care for and commission business, remaining at same uj) to 
 develop the western terminus from this city. February 1, I«X7, when he accepted the posi- 
 Siuce that period the .St. Louis Inisincss has tion of secretary and treasui'er of the Murnane 
 lieen under .Mr. Ludington's management. Silvering iS: Beveling Company. He has since 
 
 .Vfter a few years Mr. Ludington's talent and been actively engaged in busine.ss, and for a 
 
81i 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 number of years occupied quite a prouiinent 
 position in Masonic circles, as well as being; a 
 member of the Merchants' Exchange. 
 
 Mr. vSchlegel was married, October 'IX, IJS.S.S, 
 to Miss Julia E. Trau])el. 
 
 HowK, EixiAK WiLi.is, the manager of the 
 Lindell Hotel, inherited much of his genius as 
 a hotel man from his grandfather, who was also 
 in that line. He is descended from the old 
 Howe family of Massachusetts, his ancestors 
 having come from England in the seventeenth 
 century, and is a descendant of John Howe, 
 whose name figures conspicuously in the annals 
 of the Old Bay State as far back as lii;'>!t. 
 
 He is the sou of Joel and Elizabeth ( Woods ) 
 Howe, and was born at Warner, Xew Hamp- 
 shire, July (>, 1<S49. He was educated at the 
 well-known little red school-house of Warner, 
 and at sixteen he obtained a situation in the old 
 Cit\- Hotel, Boston. He entered the hotel as call- 
 box-, but soon became night clerk. Later, he 
 accepted the position as clerk at the St. James 
 Hotel at Chicago, was soon appointed to the 
 position of steward, and was acting as such at 
 the time the great fire destroyed the hotel. He 
 then accepted a position in the Clifton House, 
 from where he changed to the Matteson Hotel, 
 now the Wellington; and when the Tremout 
 was completed, he received the position of clerk. 
 
 In Deceniber, lS7(i, he again accepted a more 
 responsible jiosition as cashier of the Palmer 
 House, and rose to be assistant manager. So 
 well did he administer the affairs of the position 
 that Mr. Palmer admitted him to a partnership, 
 giving him an interest which he retained for 
 five years. He then in\-este(l all his cajMtal iu 
 the Eiudell Hotel of this cit\', assumed its man- 
 agement and began by thoroughh' reorganizing 
 the house from cellar to garret, putting it on a 
 first-class basis. Mr. Howe lias entertained a 
 number of illustrious guests, who made the Lin- 
 dell their temporary home when visiting St. 
 Louis; notably. President and Mrs. Cle\eland, 
 Mr. James G. Blaine and Col. Pat. (iilmore, 
 who died within its walls. 
 
 ?klr. Howe is an active Freemason. He is a 
 
 man of family, being the father of a bright boy 
 and girl, named respectively Willis Wylie and 
 Maybelle Florence. Mr. Howe's marriage took 
 place at Chicago, May 20, lfS74, Miss Alida 
 Fv. Wells being the name of the lady who 
 became his wife. 
 
 Gl-\sgo\v, M.I)., William Carr, was born 
 in St. Louis in 184"), and is the .sou of William 
 and Sarah Glasgow. His paternal ancestors. 
 James Glasgow and wife, were of Scottish blood, 
 but were reared iu the north of Ireland, whence 
 they came to America in 1740, settling in Christ- 
 iana, Delaware. His mother's maiden name wa^ 
 Lane, she being the daughter of Dr. Carr Lane 
 and ;\Iary Lane, ucc Ewing. 
 
 Young (ilasgow was educated in the jjublic 
 schools, and then spent three years as a studeul 
 in the Real (Tymnasium at Wiesbaden, Germany 
 Returning he entered Washington University 
 He graduated therefrom in lS(i.'), and enterec 
 the vSt. Louis Medical College, where he com- 
 jjleted his course and graduated iu lS(i;t. Aftei 
 a course at the Long Island Medical Hospital, lit 
 made a second trip to Europe for the purpose o 
 finishing his medical education at the celebratec 
 University of Vienna. Here he remained for twc 
 years, at the end of which time he returned tc 
 vSt. Louis, where he accepted the chair of phys- 
 ical diagnosis in St. Louis Medical College in 
 l'S71. In l.ss.') he was appointed professor ol 
 theory and practice of medicine in the same col- 
 lege. In ISitO he resigned the position and in 
 the same year was appointed professor of prac- 
 tice of medicine and laryngology in the Missouri 
 ]\Iedical College, and is also professor of diseases 
 of the chest and throat. 
 
 Besides his duties as a lecturer he practices as 
 a hospital physician. He acted as the physician 
 of the Mullanphy Hospital from 1878 to 1-S5t(). 
 He is at this time physician of t|ie St. Louis 
 Polyclinic Hospital and the Martha Parsons 
 Hospital for Children, and is consulting physi- 
 cian of the City Hospital. He is a member oi 
 the American Laryngological Societ\-, and in 
 ISiM) was elected its president. He is a member 
 of the American Climatological Society, and also 
 
BIOCRAPHICAI. APPHNDIX. 
 
 ?,13 
 
 a member of the American Medical Association, 
 and also of the St. Louis Medical and Medico- 
 Chirnra^ical societies. 
 
 Dr. Glasgow was married in 1.S77 to Miss 
 Fannie Engelsie, daughter of CajH. H. C. 
 Kngelsie, of Port Ciibson, Mississippi. Thc)- 
 ha\-e fi\e children. 
 
 DiKRKKS, Bernard, son of Bernard and Mary 
 ( l>ergmann ) Dierkes, was born in vSt. I^onis, 
 May ;U, 1.S49, in which }ear his father died. 
 He was educated in the parochial schools of 
 vSt. Louis, and at White's College, Brooklyn, 
 Xew York. On concluding his college course 
 he returned to St. Louis and studied law with 
 (lovernor Fletcher, being admitted to the bar in 
 1S7(). He at once started to practice, and was 
 for two years associated with Mr. Frank J. Bow- 
 man. While with Mr. Bowman he was nomi- 
 nated in 1878 for assistant prosecuting attorney 
 and, being elected, served for three terms. He 
 was re-elected for two successive terms, and 
 finalh- in November, l.S!Ml, was elected ]irosecut- 
 ing attt)rne\'. 
 
 The fact that Mr. Dierkes .secured re-election 
 thrice and was then elected to the highest posi- 
 tion in the office with which he had been con- 
 nected for twelve years, is Ijest evidence of the 
 exceptionally able manner in which lie fulfilled 
 his duties. Through his instrumentalit>- an im- 
 mense amount of fraud has been unearthed and 
 the perpetrators punished, and he has long be- 
 come a terror to evil-doers. 
 
 Mr. Dierkes is still quite a young man, hav- 
 ing many years of hard work before him. His 
 elevation to the bench will come as a matter of 
 course, and it is certain he will be able to main- 
 tain the record he has established for himself. 
 
 Mr. Dierkes married in 1^77 Annie Heenian, 
 of St. Louis. He has four children lixing, 
 .Marie, Tillv, Ivlsa and Annie. 
 
 Cai.iioix, Jamics LA\vki':.\ci-:, son of James 
 Lawrence Calhoun and Jane IVL (\'erdier) Cal- 
 houn, was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, 
 January l'.">, 1s.">;;. He was educated in the com- 
 mon schools mar his home, and subsequently 
 
 resided at ^lonlgomery, Alabama, starting life 
 for himself in 1873 in the employ of the South- 
 ern F^xpress Company. He has been in the 
 express business continuously since, and is now 
 considered an expert in every branch of the busi- 
 ness. After eight years' connection with the 
 Southern Express Compan}- he resigned and 
 was appointed agent for the Adams Express 
 Com])any. In 188(3 he was made manager of 
 the St. I^ouis business, and on February 1, 18!i;5, 
 became superintendent of the southwestern di- 
 \ision of the company, with headquarters in 
 the Rialto Building. He married Miss F^ffie C. 
 Moore, of Opelika, .\labama, in 1S7.S, and has 
 five children. 
 
 Mr. Calhoun, Sr., died in 1S,S7. Mrs. Calhoun 
 was of old Huguenot stock, and her ancestors 
 were the first .settlers on the coast of South Car- 
 olina. ^Ir. J. L. Calhoun was very young when 
 placed in charge of the Adams F^xpre.ss Com- 
 pany's office here, but he has amply repaid the 
 confidence placed in him. 
 
 Mkvskxburg, Thkodork a., was born near 
 the city of Cologne, (lermany, July '1>^, l.S4(i. 
 \\)ung Theodore received his education in the 
 gvmnasium in Essen, Prussia, which he at- 
 tended until ll^.")!!, when he left school lo seek 
 his fortune in the Xew World, making the long 
 journey alone from (yermany to St. Louis. 
 
 His first work was as axman in the office of 
 Cit\' F'ngineer Kayser, which office he retained 
 until the war broke out. He then resigned and 
 in May, 18(il, enlisted in the Third Missouri 
 Infantry, commanded by Colonel, afterward 
 General, Franz Sigel. Re-enlisted in the Ben- 
 ton Hussars, of which he was made second 
 lieutenant. He became subsec|uenth- major and 
 colonel. 
 
 After the war he took up again his old work 
 in the cit\- engineer's department, and in 18(i7 
 he was appointed resident engineer of water- 
 works at Bis.sell's Point, holding the position 
 until l!^i>;i, when he accepted the position of 
 general agent for the Helmbacher Forge ^: Roll- 
 ing Mill CompauN". In 1^72 he organized the 
 St. Louis Bolt .K: Iron Works. In ISS] this 
 
814 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 company was iner<(ed into the Tndor Iron Com- 
 pany, known generally as the Tndor Iron Works, 
 and Mr. Meysenburg was elected president. 
 
 The company employs I'M men, and the valne 
 of its annnal prodnct reaches §2, 000, <)()(). 
 
 Colonel Meysenburg married in ISTSI Miss 
 Lncretia Block, danghter of M. E. ISlock, of 
 this city. 
 
 Martin, Ei)WAR]),-,son of Claiidins and Mary 
 (Daly) Martin, was born on Jnne !», l'S.')0, in 
 Fintona parish. County Tyrone, Ireland, where 
 his father and uncle owned freehold farms. As 
 the oldest son, Edward was looked upon as the 
 natural successor to the estate, and he was 
 educated in both book learning and agriculture 
 with that end in view. But shortly after attain- 
 ing his majority he made up his mind to cast 
 his fortunes in the New World, and in 1852, 
 having abandoned his claim under the laws, or 
 at least custom, of primogeniture and entail, he 
 crossed the Atlantic. He found New York well- 
 nigh as crowded and unsatisfactory, from the 
 standpoint of an andiitious young man, as Ire- 
 land, and he accordingly continued his journey 
 westward. 
 
 At that time Cincinnati occupied a metropoli- 
 tan position, so far as the West and South are 
 concerned, very similar to that now occupied by 
 St. Eouis, and it was in Ohio's leading cit\' that 
 voung .Mr. Martin decided to cast his lot. His 
 first work was as porter in the wholesale dry 
 goods establishment of Messrs. James and John 
 Slevin. He proved a bright, hard-working em- 
 ploye, and speedily advanced in the esteem of 
 the heads of the firm. He was promoted with 
 considerable regularity- and nuich rapidity, and 
 bv the }-ear IS.'iS had served in well-nigh every 
 department. The frugal habits he had acquired 
 in Ireland stood him in good stead, and by the 
 year named he had accumulated from his sav- 
 ings quite a neat little capital. 
 
 Having looked carefulh' o\er the ground, he 
 decided to engage in the manufacture of cloth- 
 ing, and, although lie had to commence in a 
 small way, he soon built up a connection and 
 earned the reputation of being among the largest 
 
 manufacturers and wholesalers in the West. 
 Earl)- in the sixties he found steady employment 
 for several hundred men, and his annual sales 
 exceeded $:)()(), 000. He found that the bulk 
 of his trade came from the West and South, and 
 accordingly, in l-SliT, he opened a branch house 
 in vSt. Louis, with a ^•iew to being better located 
 as far as the bulk of his trade was concerned. 
 His tw(.) brothers, Claiule and John, who had 
 followed him across the ocean, took charge ol 
 the branch house; and so rapidly did the busi- 
 ness here increase, that in 1873 Mr. Edward 
 Martin moved to St. Louis and established hi;- 
 headquarters here. 
 
 The growth of the house for the next fifteer 
 \ears was even more rapid than that of the cit\ 
 in which its fortune was cast. Tra\eling sales- 
 men covered the entire West and South, and 
 orders came in with gratifying speed. A cus- 
 tomer secured was easily retained, and the treat- 
 ment accorded l)y the house was iuvariabh 
 good. In IN.s.'i Mr. Edward Martin retired fron 
 acti\-e business in the clothing line, but tlu 
 house is still in prosperous existence and i- 
 knowu as the ;\Iartin Clothing Company, will 
 a brother of the original founder as president. 
 
 Mr. Edward Martin is now interested in breeil- 
 ing high grade lior.ses in Illinois, and in stoci; 
 raising in Texas. He is a large real estate 
 owner in St. Louis, and is interested in a large 
 uuud)er of imjxirtant enterprises. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Fair Grounds Jockey Club and o 
 other local institutions. 
 
 Mr. Martin married in ls.").s :\liss Catherine 
 Maguire, of Cincinnati, and his family consist; 
 of seven children. The eldest son, Joseph, i; 
 associated with the second son, Claiulius, in ar 
 extensive sale stable business ( Martin Brothers ) 
 Edward is in the employ of the Martin Clothinj; 
 Company; John is also a member of the frrm o 
 :\Iartin Brothers, and the youngest's name i^ 
 William. The two daughters are .\gnes ant 
 Anna, now Mrs. Dr. Robert O'Reilly. 
 
 Mr. Martin and family reside in an eleganl 
 home in the West End, and are \-ery popular ir 
 society circles. The sons ha\e all inheritec 
 their father's ener\- and integrit\'. 
 
niOCRAPinCAL AI'PliNniX. 
 
 ?Al 
 
 Dkacii, CirARi.KS A., son of Lotiis and Mary 
 ( Kfller) Drach, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 in !>>;'>(). He was educated at St. Xavier's Col- 
 lege, Cincinnati, until fifteen years of age, when, 
 ha\ inj^ acquired a good connnercial education, 
 he left college and was apprenticed to the Frank- 
 lin T\-]5C Foundry of Cincinnati. In tlicsc early 
 days the process of eleclrotypin.L; had nut been 
 de\eloped, and all matter was stereotyped only. 
 It was during ^Ir. Drach's connection of twelve 
 years with this finn that the inipro\-ed process 
 of reiii'oducing cuts 
 and t\pe forms was 
 Iminght to perfec- 
 tion. In 1S(;;> Messrs. 
 A. Zeese ^ Co., of 
 Chicago, offered him 
 a position in their 
 
 worked tVir three and 
 one-half years for 
 that firm. .-Vt the 
 close of the war he 
 estal)lished a stereo- 
 typing and electro- 
 typing foundry in 
 St. Louis, associat- 
 ing himself with .Mr. 
 Strassburger. 
 
 The jiartnershi]) 
 of Messrs. Drach ^\: 
 Strassburger contin- 
 ued for about fifteen 
 years, and in l.s.S:^ 
 Mr. Drach fitted up 
 an electrot\'ping establishment of his 
 thenameof Charles A. Drach X; Com]); 
 months were consumed in selecting a 
 machinery, and in March, l.sS2,Mr. Drachopened 
 for business one of the best equipped elect roty])ing 
 and .stereotyping foundries in the West. In 1 .s;t 1 
 the business was incorporated under the laws of 
 the State as the Charles A. Drach Flectrotype 
 Company. The headquarters of the concern are 
 in tile old C.lobe-Democrat liuilding, on Fourth 
 and I'ine streets. When the ( '.loln- noiiocral 
 fust began to illustrate in its columns the events 
 
 of tlie da\-, this concern ])erformed the mechan- 
 ical work for the illustrations. It has one of the 
 most extensive plants in the United States, and 
 its facilities for good and rapid work are unex- 
 celled. Xot onl\- does the firm receive an im- 
 mense amount of business from St. Louis and 
 the West, Init it also receives orders from large 
 ad\-ertisers and others in the Fast, its j)erfect 
 system enal)ling it to turn out the best work 
 promptly. 
 
 Mr. Drach, while gi\ing his full attention to 
 business has devoted 
 considerable time to 
 the affairs of the 
 A.O.r. W., the Le- 
 gion of Honor and 
 the Knights of 
 Pvthias. 
 
 Mr. Drach mar- 
 ried in 1 'S ."i S Miss 
 Amelia Huber, of 
 Cincinnati. He has 
 two daughters, 
 Fmma, now .Mrs. 
 Herthel, and Carrie. 
 
 
 .Vi.T. AnoLF, .son 
 
 )f 
 
 Doctor Dettmar 
 
 \ 
 
 and Mary ( Fwald ) 
 
 \ 
 
 t, was born in 
 
 M 
 
 uinheim, liaden. 
 
 ",1 
 
 ■rniany, August 
 
 i;' 
 
 , 1S.-,1. He was 
 
 .•d 
 
 ucated in the com- 
 
 under 
 Three 
 lacino- 
 
 nron scliools and the 
 local Lyceum. Later on he entered the Ptedo- 
 gogium of Xiesky, Prussia, and subsequenth' 
 graduated at Karlsruhe. 
 
 In the fall of !><(!!• he entered the University 
 of Heidelberg, and at the clo.se of the Franco- 
 (ierman war completed his course and on March 
 2, 1^*7.'), passed the state examination at Heidel- 
 berg, and thus was admitted to practice. 
 
 In .\\igust, I.ST."), with Dr. Hermann Knap]), 
 of New York, as his assistant, he came to ,\mer- 
 ica, and he was then appointed house surgeon 
 to the Xew York ( )i)hthalmic and ( )ral Institute, 
 
;ii(; 
 
 Ol.n AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 wliere he remained until Jnl_\', 1<S77, wlien he 
 mo\ed to Toronto, Canada. In November, 
 l.SSO, Dr. Alt came to St. Louis. He took a 
 prominent part in the organization of the P>ean- 
 mont Hospital Medical College, in which he 
 held the chair of ophthalmology and otology 
 and pathological anatomy, during the first ses- 
 sion. He is also consulting oculist for the City 
 Hospitals, the Missouri Pacific Railway System, 
 Alexian Brothers' Hospital and a number of 
 other institutions. He is a member of the 
 St. Louis ]\Iedical and Missouri State Medical 
 vSocieties; of the American Ophthalmological and 
 Otological, German Medical and Microscopical 
 Societies; of the Academy of Science, the Ameri- 
 can Academy of Medicine, the National Associ- 
 ation of Railway Surgeons and other .societies. 
 
 The doctor married in the year ISTlt Miss 
 Helena B. Houghtling, daughter of Dr. David 
 Houghtling, of Holley, New York. He has 
 one son, twelve years of age, a remarkabh- 
 bright and intelligent boy. 
 
 Anx.-\n, Thoma.S B., was born in St. Louis, 
 Missouri, December 20, ISoJl. He was the sou 
 of A. P. and Mary ( Beatty ) Annan. His edu- 
 cation was obtained in the public schools and 
 the High School of this cit)-. After leaving 
 school he became an articled student with the 
 late Mr. Thomas Walsh, the well-known archi- 
 tect, until the beginning of the war. 
 
 When the war ended Mr. .\nuan took a posi- 
 tion with Mr. I. Barnett, remaining with him 
 until 187(1, when he formed a partnership with 
 Major Francis D. Lee, under the firm name of 
 Lee & Annan. This partnership continued for 
 six years, and was dissolved in LS7(). 
 
 Since that time Mr. Annan has been in 
 business alone. He has executed some ver\- 
 important commissions for designing and con- 
 structing buildings, including the present Mer- 
 chants' Exchange, the Boatmen's Bank Building, 
 and the Samuel Cupples magnificent new resi- 
 dence on West Pine street. 
 
 For two years ^Ir. Annan was the instructor 
 of the class in architecture in Washington LTni- 
 versitv. He was married in 18t>3 to Miss Vic- 
 
 torine Scofield, of St. Louis, daughter of P^lia 
 Scofield, of Clinton, ^Michigan. They ha\e fiv 
 children, Silvester P., Fann\- .\. (now Mrs 
 Charles Robinson ),J. Paul, Ruth B. and .\lfred H 
 
 ATKIX.SOX, M.D., Robert Chilton, wasbori 
 at Smithfield, Virginia, October ;^, 1.S4L Hi 
 father was Archibald Atkinson, member of Con 
 gress under the administration of President Polk 
 and his mother's maiden name was Elizabet' 
 P. Chilton. 
 
 He attended the Smithfield Academy at a \er 
 early age, entering the L}'nchburg College an 
 the William and Mary College later. 
 
 On the opening of the war he joined the Con 
 federacy, and becauie second lieutenant in tli 
 Provisional Army of \'irginia. After the \va 
 he entered first the medical department of th 
 L'niversit)- of \"irginia, and next the medice 
 department of the Tulane University at Ne^ 
 ( )rleans, Louisiana, where he applied himse 
 very industriously, receiving the degree of doc 
 tor of medicine. He immediately came to Si 
 Louis and established himself in the drug bus 
 ness. Then, after a course at the St. Loui 
 Medical College, he entered into the practice c 
 his profession. Shorth- after becoming estal 
 lished he was appointed physician in the Cit 
 Hospital, which he held up to the year IS72. 
 
 hi 1889 and 1890 he attended the polyclini 
 schools of New York. Since then he has bee 
 identified with the Marion-Sims Medical College 
 and was for three years a member of the Publi 
 School Board, and chairman of the committe 
 on teachers. 
 
 He was also for three years a member of th 
 Board of Health, and resigned to accept a men 
 bership on the State Board of Health, of whic 
 he was elected secretar\-. The Doctor is a men' 
 ber of the St. Louis and the Mississippi \'alle 
 ]VIedical Associations, American Medical Societ 
 and American Public Health A.ssociation. 
 
 He was married on February 2^, 187."), t 
 Miss Mary Bull, daughter of John C. Bui 
 They have two children, Miss Mary, attendin 
 a private school, and Master Chilton, a studer 
 in the Manual Training School. 
 
rut. n;h'. wi/fc '. il a ppkni ux. 
 
 ■■', 1 7 
 
 Marshai.i., Wuj.iam C, sou of Tlionias A. 
 anil Lelitia( Miller ) Marshall, was born iu \'icks- 
 l)ur,t;, Mississippi, November i;'), 1.S4.S. After 
 s]iemliii.ti- a few years in the public schools of 
 \'ickslniri,r, lie attended the rniversit\- of Mis- 
 sissi])pi, and snbse(|uentl\- tlie I'ni\-ersit\- of 
 \'ir>iinia, .t^radnatino; witli lionors in tlie law 
 department of the latter in bSil!!. p^ven in his 
 collegiate days Mr. Marshall t^ave .threat evi- 
 dence of histrionic ability, and he was selected 
 as orator of the Washington Society of the Uni- 
 versity of Virginia in his graduating year. 
 
 Immediately on attaining his majority, iu 
 Xo\eniber, l.StlH, he was admitted to the bar at 
 \icksburg, Mississippi, and two mouths later he 
 came to St. Louis and was admitted to the bar 
 here in January, 1870. He at once went into 
 ]iractice as an attorney, and for ten years was in 
 partnership with Judge Shepard Barclay, the 
 ]iartuership of Marshall & Barclay being dis- 
 solved iu l.ss;l, c)u the election of the latter to 
 the Circ\iit bench. 
 
 Mr. Marshall's success as a lawyer has been 
 marked, and several of his opinions ha\e l)eeu 
 subjected to the severest tests with almost nn- 
 \ar\ing indorsements, and when in .Ma\ , bsiH, 
 .Mr. Marshall was appointed city counselor, the 
 ajjpointment was jirompth' confirmed by the 
 Cciuncil, members of both political ])arties re- 
 garding the appointee as the best man it was 
 jjossible to select for a position iuvohing such 
 grave responsibilities. Mr. Marshall has proved 
 as great a success as a city official as in private 
 practice, and he has succeeded not only iu effect- 
 ing a large number of reforms, hut also in pro- 
 tecting the city's interests in a variety- of wa\s 
 greatK- to its benefit. 
 
 The talented city counselor has been an act- 
 i\e i)olitician almost from boyhood. He took 
 an active part in the campaign in Mississippi in 
 the fall of l.S()*t,and after locating here he organ- 
 ized the Young Men's Democratic A.s.sociation, 
 assisted in the work by Mr. James L. Carlisle, 
 now Postmaster. Mr. Marshall was first ])resi- 
 dent of the association, and filled the ]iosi- 
 tion for two terms, being also chainnan of the 
 e.\ecuti\e committee. He has continued an 
 
 acti\e member of the organization, which has 
 proved of great service to his party in several 
 campaigns, both mnnicijial and national. Mr. 
 Marshall has also been treasurer of the State 
 Bar A.ssociation since December, bSSl. 
 
 Mr. Marshall has found sufficient leisure from 
 his numerotis legal duties to take an interest in 
 the affairs of the Legion of Honor and the 
 Knights of Pythias, of both of which he is an 
 acti\-e member. 
 
 He married Miss Kate M. Reading, and has 
 two children lixing, Katherine ]Marguerite 
 ( Daisy ) and Lelitia Lo\-e. 
 
 Dhc.xax, Patrick H., sou of Michael and 
 .\un ( Crow ) Deguan, was born in Ireland in 
 l.s;}7. hi 1.S47 an uncle of his deciding to 
 locate in America, he accompanied him to this 
 country and at once found employment as an 
 errand-boy iu the Cortlandt Hotel of New York. 
 .\fter working in \arious cities he located 
 at .\lton, Illinois, and apprenticed himself to 
 Mr. M. W. Carroll, a harness and saddle- 
 maker. vSubsequenth' moving to Tipton, Mis- 
 souri, which was then the terminus of the 
 .Missouri Pacific Railroad, he purcha.sed the 
 b\isiness of Schmit & Shackelford, which he 
 successfully conducted for si.x \ears. 
 
 In February, ISfU, he came to St. Louis, and 
 associating himself with Messrs. P. Burns and 
 J. F. Dunn organized the firm of Burns, Degnan S: 
 Company. In INfili Mr. Dunn withdrew and the 
 firm became Burns & Degnan , and about the same 
 time Mr. Degnan went to Litchfield, Illinois, 
 where he established a branch house for the firm 
 and ran it \-erv successfully for three years, 
 when he accepted a favorable offer, sold out the 
 branch and returned to take an active part in 
 the management of the business already estab- 
 lished in St. Louis. In 1<SH1 Mr. Degnan pur- 
 chased the interest of his partner, Mr. Burns, 
 and organized the firm of Degnan & Maginnis. 
 In 1S^!<> the business was incorporated. Mr. 
 Degnan has achie\ed success in life with \ery 
 little backing and with very few opportunities. 
 He is a Democrat, but his reputation for integ- 
 rity is so high that he was ajipointed president 
 
0[,n AND XEW ST. I.OUIS. 
 
 of the Mullanphy Board by Mayor Ewin.e;, a 
 staunch Republican, holding the position for 
 four years, from 1<SS2 to LSSC. 
 
 Mr. Degnan was married in 1!^<>I> to Miss 
 Theresa Mulholland, daughter of a farmer of 
 Litchfield, Illinois. Mrs. Degnan died in LSKi, 
 leaving five children, of whom three are still 
 living. The oldest, Olive, is now Mrs. Dr. 
 Bartlett, of Springfield, Missouri; Joseph is now 
 traveling for the house, and the youngest, 
 Emmett, is now at college. 
 
 Ham.mktt, Bkxj.\-Mix Franklin. — Both the 
 father and mother of Mr. Hammett were Ken- 
 tuckians, and belonged to two of the best fami- 
 lies of that State. His father was Joseph :\r. 
 Hammett, and his mother's maiden name was 
 :\rary Millsap. Shortly after the marriage of 
 the parents thev emigrated to Missouri, the 
 journey taking place in IS^S, but seven years 
 after Missouri's admission to statehood. 
 
 They settled three miles west of Huntsville, 
 Randolph count>-, where Mr. Hammett pur- 
 chased a farm. Benjamin F. was born February 
 U, 1842, and spent his boyhood on the farm, 
 attending the common school in the winter. 
 .\fter his common school education was finished 
 he entered Mt. Pleasant College, at Huntsville, 
 from which institution he graduated with high 
 honors in l.sii;'>. His college course was inter- 
 rupted by the civil war, for, true to his educa- 
 tion and sentiments, he espoused the cause of 
 the South, and enli.sted with General Price. 
 
 After leaving college he returned to the old 
 farm, remaining there until LSIiiS. On Febru- 
 arv 2d of this year he married Miss Mary S. 
 Penny, daughter of John H. Penny, a large 
 farmer and stock raiser. This union has re- 
 sulted in the birth of three children — Guy, the 
 onlv daughter, who is now the wife of James C. 
 Davis, a prominent attorney of St. Joseph, Mis- 
 souri; Ben Forrest, and Paul, who is now tak- 
 ing a course at the F'leet Military College at 
 ^lexico, ^Missouri. Both are young men of ex- 
 ceptional mental brightness, and have a brilliant 
 future before them. 
 
 Shortly after his marriage Mr. Hammett 
 
 bought a large farm near that of his father, anc 
 embarked in agriculture and stock raising oi 
 his own account. In lS7o he concluded tt 
 leaxe and become a partner in the banking firn 
 of J. ^I. Hammett & Company, at Huntsville 
 He acted as cashier of this bank for a numbe; 
 of \ears, and is still a director of the institution 
 
 In 1<S77 Governor Phelps appointed Mr 
 Hammett tobacco inspector of the State, anc 
 tlie duties of his office called him to St. Louis 
 He entered into the real estate business in ; 
 small wa\- in ISTit, renting desk room in a build 
 iug near where the Laclede Hotel now stands 
 The real estate business was then in its begin 
 ning, and Mr. Hammett was the first man to bu} 
 and subdivide acreage property. Since he firs 
 began the business he has handled over twenty 
 different divisions, amounting to lidO or TOO acres 
 
 In 1><S2 Mr. Hammett formed a partnershi] 
 with John R. Christian, the attorney. In l-SSi 
 Mr. Christian retired, and in 1><>^>^ the corpora 
 tion known as the Hammett-Anderson-Wadi 
 Real Estate Company was organized, with B. F 
 Hammett as president, and since its organizatioi 
 its business has continually increased and tin 
 scope of its deals constauth- widened. TIk 
 firm does a business of buying, subdividing, sell 
 iug, leasing real property, and collecting rents 
 
 Mr. Hammett is devoted to commercial anc 
 business interests, and has in no case dabblec 
 in politics or sought any office, yet, recognizins 
 his efficiency and merit. Governor Francis, ii 
 IXXil, appointed him as police commissioner o 
 St. Louis. He, however, holds a great man' 
 offices in many commercial and financial insti 
 tutions. He is a director of the Mississipp 
 Valley Trust Company ; president of the Cente 
 Creek IMiuing Company, a company engaged ii 
 lead and zinc mining at Webb City, Missouri 
 is secretary and treasurer of the Laclede Lane 
 and Improvement Company, a corporation whicl 
 owns 14.'),IHl(t acresof land in Reynolds county 
 ^Missouri. He is a member of both the St. Loni: 
 and Mercantile clubs, and was a moving sinri 
 .in the promotion of the scheme to build the nev 
 S2,()()0, ()(>() Planters' House, being one of tin 
 heaviest stockholders in that company. 
 

 W 
 
 ^S-Jfa-^.^.^,-.-.^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPIiNPIX. 
 
 81!) 
 
 P) I.I XSSI )M, HicNRV M.,son of Riifus and Tirzah 
 lUossoni, Initli members of Massachusetts fam- 
 ilies, was horn ill Madison, New York, in the year 
 l<SoB. He was educated in tlie ]m])lic schools of 
 New York, and when in the year l>^.")-i his fam- 
 ily moved west, he secured a position as clerk on 
 the Polar S/ir/\ a steamboat runuintj on the Mis- 
 souri ri\er. This was at the time that St. I^ouis 
 was known as one of the first ri\-er cities in the 
 country, and before railroads had be,^uu to com- 
 pete for trade. Hundreds of steamers were arriv- 
 ing at and startin.s; 
 from St. Louis daih', 
 and the le\'ee was a 
 scene of "reat bustle 
 and acti\-ity. 
 
 The Po/ar S/,7r 
 was a p roui i n e n t 
 steamer, and Harr\' 
 Blossom, as the 
 }ouu,t( man was al- 
 ways called, became 
 \-er}- popular as its 
 clerk. After servin,^ 
 for eight }-ears, first 
 on the Po/arS/aram\ 
 later on the Hiawa- 
 tha, voungMr. lilos- 
 
 nieiit ill the city, the 
 outbreak of the war 
 having put a stop to 
 the bulk of the ri\-er 
 traflfic. He identi- 
 fied himself with fire 
 and marine insurance, soon earning the reputa- 
 tion of being an expert in this work. He is 
 now the head of the firm of H. M. Wossom ^K: 
 Company, one of the first insurance offices in 
 the cit\ . 
 
 I'"ew men lia\e devoted iuor- time and atten- 
 tion to their business than this gentleman, but 
 he has not allowed liis zeal to make him selfish 
 and he has devoted his surplus energy to relig- 
 ious and social movements of importance. For 
 twenty years he has been an elder and trustee of 
 the First Preslnterian Church, and has been the 
 
 directing genius of the choir — an exceptiouallv 
 able one — during all that time and for some years 
 jM-eviously. He is a popular member of the St. 
 Louis and Mercantile clubs, and was one of the 
 original members of the Noonday Club. 
 
 Nearly fort\- years ago Mr. Blossom married 
 Miss Susan Brighain, of Madison, New York, a 
 young lady to whom he had become attached 
 before he cast his fortunes in the West. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Blossom luu'e five children, three boys and 
 two girls. The senior member of the firm of H. 
 M. Blossom & Com- 
 pany is now, at the 
 age of sixty, in the 
 enjoyment of vigor- 
 ous health and is re- 
 garded as one of the 
 most active and use- 
 ful professional men 
 intliecit\-. Thefani- 
 ily resides at -i.SiO 
 Pine street. 
 
 HENRY M. BI.OSSDJVl 
 
 NiK.s, John A., 
 
 was born in Stock- 
 
 h a u s e u , Hesse- 
 
 .^j D a r 111 s t a d t , Cier- 
 
 ^^^^^m many, December o, 
 
 a^^^^H 1S27. He recei\'ed 
 
 ^^^^^H \-er\- good common 
 
 nS school education in 
 
 ^ the schools of his 
 
 J9 nati\e town, after 
 
 which he was ap- 
 prenticed to a tailor. 
 Nine years later, on .March 10, 18.')(), he embarked 
 on the French steamer Pidcs for .America, .\fter 
 a short stay at New Orleans he .started up the 
 river to join the large colony of his countrymen 
 already located here. He reached St. Louis on 
 .May ."ith, ju.st fifty-six days from the time he 
 left the European port. 
 
 He worked at his trade for two years and 
 opened an establishment of his own in \>^'yl, at 
 •"^K! Market street. Here he remained about a 
 \ear and then moved to a shop in block adjoin- 
 ing, where he did business until March 1."), l.s.'),V 
 
0[.D AND NEW Sr. LOUIS. 
 
 when he iiio\-e(l to 'SI 4 Market street and has 
 there remained ever since. Mr. Nies is a member 
 of the Masonic order, in hic^^h standing, being a 
 Master Mason and member of Irwin Lodge, No. 
 IlM, with which he has been connected since 
 l.S(i7. In lf^.")2 he married Miss Eikenhorst, of 
 tliis city. They have had twelve children, eight 
 of whom, four sons and four daughters, are liv- 
 ing. Two of the sons and two of the daughters 
 are married. 
 
 Mr. Nies is a self-made man. Outside of his 
 merchant tailoring shop, which is an establish- 
 ment of considerable importance, Mr. Nies has 
 money invested in real estate. He takes a deep 
 interest in public affairs, and is devotedly 
 attached to his adopted city. 
 
 HerThEL, Adolph, the son of Nicholas and 
 Barbara ( Voltz) Herthel, was born in vSt. Louis, 
 October 23, 1847. His education was obtained 
 in the public schools, and after passing the 
 \-arious grades, from the primarv to the High 
 Sclioul, he became a grocer's clerk, and con- 
 tinued as such througli L'^lio and part of LSiU. 
 In l'S()4 he entered the German vSa\-ings Insti- 
 tution as collector, remaining in the employment 
 of that institution for eight years, during which 
 time he rose to the position of teller. At the 
 end of that service he \-isited Europe, and upon 
 his return to St. Louis he obtained the position 
 of teller in the Union Savings Association, being 
 advanced to the position of cashier, which lie 
 held until 1.S.S2. He then retired from that bank 
 and remained out of business eighteen months. 
 
 He was next appointed teller in the Inter- 
 national Bank, but after three years resigned on 
 account of ill-health and went to Denver, Colo- 
 rado. Returning to St. Louis, and upon the 
 death of William C. Lange, president of the 
 International Bank, he re-entered its service as 
 cashier in February, IN-SH. He married in 1X7.") 
 Miss Minnie Mincke, of St. Louis, daughter of 
 George Mincke, an old and well-known citizen, 
 and has one child, Laura. 
 
 When Mr. Hertliel entered for the second 
 time the employment of the Intcrnatiuual Bank, 
 its financial condition was bad, but bv eight 
 
 years' hard work and intelligent nianngement, 
 the bank has been placed on a le\'el with the 
 most solid institutions of the city. To Cashiei 
 Herthel great credit is due for the existing state 
 of circumstances, and he has well earned his repu- 
 tation as one of the ablest financiers of .St. Louis. 
 
 LvxcH, (jEORGK X., was born in St. Charles, 
 Missouri, No\'ember ;>", 1X24, when St. Charles 
 was more important and larger than St. Louis. 
 His mother's maiden name was Catherine Sau- 
 cier. In 1.S29 the family moved to St. Louis, in 
 which town George was educated at the public 
 schools and the university. He subsequently 
 took a course of study at St. Charles College 
 and at a pri\-ate school in St. Louis. 
 
 Shortly after he came home he went to work 
 in his father's furniture and undertaking shop, 
 then located at the corner of \'ine and vSt. 
 Charles streets. He remained with his fathei 
 until 1852, when he succeeded to the btisiness, 
 having for his partner for two years his brother, 
 William, who was killed in the Gasconade rail- 
 road wreck in IN.")."). 
 
 In l.siU the business was moved from Fifth, 
 between Olive and Locust, to (iO.s ( )live. An- 
 other change was sought in 18711, when the 
 business was located at Kill.s ()li\e. In lNS(i 
 he was again compelled to seek more room 
 at 121(5 Olive, where it now remains. Besides 
 his undertaking business ]\Ir. L\nch is also a 
 partner of Mr. R. R. Scott, and tt)gether they 
 carry on a lixery l)usiness at 114 Flm street, 
 under the firm name of Scott & Lynch. 
 
 Mr. L>'nch has Ijeeu married twice. His first 
 wife was Miss Anna C. McGovern, of this city, 
 to whom he was married May 8, 1849. Six 
 children were the fruit of this union; three of 
 them were bo)s and three were girls, but only 
 one, (reorge M., is now ]i\ing. ;\Irs. L\ iich 
 died in May, the same month in which she was 
 married, in 18()(). Several years after the death 
 of his first wife Mr. Lynch married again. 
 Miss Charlotte Fidler, of St. Louis, was the lad\- 
 who became his wife. To them eleven children 
 ha\-e lieen born, six girls and fi\-e boys. All are 
 living but two boys and two girls. 
 
niOCRAPHICAI. APPKNDIX. 
 
 FiSHKR, ClKVKS vS., whose piclure is .i;iveii 
 on this pao;e, was one of the most iiromisint; 
 young business men of St. Louis at tlie lime of 
 his sudden deatli, wliich occurred on the 4th of 
 Deccmfier, ISIH. He died at the aije of twentv- 
 fi\e years, in the youth of his couras^eous man- 
 hood, admired by a large circle of social friends 
 and much esteemed by the business commnnits', 
 among whom, young as he was, he had already 
 attained much ])romiuence by marked fidelity- 
 to the interests he re])resented, and by his far- 
 sighted and excep- 
 tionally successful 
 investments in real 
 propert}-. He had 
 acquired such prom- 
 inence among the 
 real estate frater- 
 nity, that, shortly be- 
 fore his death, he 
 was classed among 
 the most brilliant 
 real estate operators 
 in the city. 
 
 He was born in 
 iMattoon, Illinois, 
 March lH, ISflU, his 
 l^arents being S. J. 
 Fisher and Alice S. 
 b'isher, of St. Louis, 
 his mother being a 
 granddaughter of 
 the celebrated jurist. 
 Judge John Clev-es 
 .Symmes, for whom 
 
 the snliject of this sketch was named. The 
 young man had an admirable physique, an 
 aeli\e brain and that generositv of heart born 
 of a noble lineage that characterized him in 
 all his walks of life. He received a liberal 
 education in St. Louis, and while \ et a box- 
 he manifested such a liking for ])\rsiness that 
 at the age of seventeen years he engaged 
 with the firm of Fisher & Company, in the 
 real estate business, and developed such c(jm- 
 prehension and excellent tact in the application 
 of his rare faculties in his chosen pursuit, that 
 21 
 
 n])on arriving at his ma]orit\- lie was admitted 
 to full partiurslii]) in the concern. It was only 
 about a year afterwards, on the Kttli of .Viigust, 
 1.S.S7, when .Mr. Cleves vS. Fisher married .Miss 
 Ida .M. Francis, of liunker Hill, Illinois. His 
 zeal for business then became greater than ever, 
 but his health gave way under constant close 
 confinement and overwork, and in November, 
 LSSi), while recuperating at Hot vSprings, Ar- 
 kansas, he was attacked with a violent hemor- 
 rhage of the lungs. His indulgent father, being 
 ad\ised of the crit- 
 ical condition of his 
 son, chartered a 
 special train and 
 went to his relief 
 with two euiiiient 
 physicians from St. 
 Louis. 
 
 The sufferer ral- 
 lied, and during the 
 following two years 
 he traveled through 
 the South and Mex- 
 
 ico to reco\'e 
 his lung tr 
 He h; 
 
 from 
 
 ecuperated 
 from that difficulty 
 almost completeh- 
 and was coinnienc- 
 iiig to attend to busi- 
 ness affairs again 
 when, on December 
 
 FISHER. -^' ^'^''1' 1'^ ^^'--l^ 
 
 stricken with peri- 
 tonitis and died in a few days, leaving his widow 
 with one son two years old; three weeks later a 
 second sou of the departed father was born. 
 The remains of Mr. Cleves S. Fisher repose in 
 Bellefontaine cemetery, in a place especially 
 jM-epared, a spacious, magnificent tomb, one of 
 the most nuicine and costh' habitations of the 
 dead to be .seen in that vast and silent cit\-. 
 
 DuuMMONi), J.\MK.s T. , forty-five years ago, 
 before there was a steam locomotive in this 
 State, lived in the western part of St. Charles 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 county, ^Missouri, near the little village of Flint 
 Hill. He was a mere boy at the time aiidlived 
 in an unpretentious log dwelling occupied by 
 his father and famih'. 'Sir. Drummond liad his 
 start, if such it may be called, in that vicinity, 
 although he is exceedingly proud of the fact that 
 he was born in St. Louis, in which city his 
 parents, Mr. Harrison and Mrs. Elizabeth ( Wil- 
 kins) Drummond resided during the thirties. 
 
 It was on November 2i, 1834, that he first 
 saw the light, and he was still an infant when 
 the family moved into St. Charles county. .\s 
 he grew into bo)hood, Mr. Drummond's facili- 
 ties for obtaining an education were limited to 
 the country log school-house, and even this was 
 open during the three winter months only. The 
 house was constructed of logs, with a "writing 
 bench" extending along the wall the entire 
 length of the building, with one log cut out just 
 above the bench, and 8x10 glass inserted as a 
 window to give light. He had to walk from two 
 to three miles to reach the school-house from his 
 home, and a like distance to return. Before 
 sunrise he was required to cut wood, water and 
 feed the stock, and then with a piece of corn 
 bread and a slice of bacon for his luncheon, he 
 would start on the road — many times through 
 rain, sleet and snow — to the school-house. He 
 would return home late in the evening to per- 
 form similar duties. In the other months of the 
 year he was required to plant, hoe and plow and 
 gather corn and harvest wheat and oats, and 
 plant and cut tobacco. This continued until he 
 was sixteen or seventeen years of age, when he 
 obtained employment in a small country tobacco 
 factory in the neighborhood as a "Stemmer." 
 For his services in this capacity he received 
 from two to three dollars per week. He was 
 afterwards promoted to the position of " Roller," 
 at a salary of seventeen dollars per month. 
 
 In 1S.')(; he taught school and continued at 
 this profession during three sessions, taking 
 advantage of the opportunity to complete his 
 own education and add greatly to the little store 
 of knowledge he had acquired in the log-cabin 
 school-house. When twenty-four 3-ears of age 
 he commenced traveling in the tobacco" business, 
 
 his route co\-ering the States of ^lissouri anc 
 Arkansas, and four years later, in 18(52, Ik 
 commenced in business under the firm name o 
 Myers & Drummond. The firm continued th( 
 manufacture of plug tobacco for eleven years 
 and in 1873 it was reorganized as Dausman .S 
 Drummond. In 187!t the business had assumec 
 such large proportions that it was incorporatec 
 as the Drnnrmond Tobacco Company, Mr 
 Dausman retiring from the business. The com 
 pan)- has a national reputation, employs ove 
 !'<)() persons and has regular customers in ever\ 
 State in the Union. 
 
 ]\Ir. Drummond was energetic and wide-awaki 
 as a boy, and he has kept in the front of the pro 
 cession of successful business men since Ik 
 became a man. His great success as a manufact 
 urer at Alton, Illinois, and vSt. Louis, Missouri 
 has brought to him a magnificent fortune, fo 
 which he has only to thank his indomitabh 
 energy and business forethought. He is a plain 
 honest, unassuming man and has never forgot 
 ten the friends of his boyhood and the witnesse: 
 of his poverty and early struggles. He employ: 
 a large number of laborers in his now extensivi 
 business, and it might be of profit to others t( 
 see with what perfect harmony capital and labo 
 in this instance work together for the good of all 
 The laborer knows that he is honest and just 
 and he upon his part appreciates the dignity o 
 labor and has a good word for all who earn thei 
 bread in the sweat of their faces. 
 
 Mr. Drummond married in the year 18.5) 
 Miss Rachael Tatum, of Montgomery county 
 Mis.souri, who died in 185^1. He remarried ii 
 18t;5 Bethia Randall, of Alton, Illinois, and ii 
 the year 1888 he was married a third time, hi 
 present wife, Josephine, being a daughter of ^Irs 
 Eva Jane Hazard, of St. Louis, and fornierl; 
 of Alton. Mr. Drummond has four children liv 
 ing. The oldest, ^Ir. Harrison, is assistan 
 general superintendent of the Drummond To 
 bacco ?klanufacturing Company, and the othe 
 chidreu are James, Charles and Rachael. 
 
 B.XR.STOw, Cii.XRi.KS W., sou of Capl.iii 
 Charles and vSarah .\nn ( Hudson ) Barstow 
 
^^^^2yi^i^<-e^ U, c^^/^4^7^-j^^i-n^n^-i.-i^^v-i^^sX^ 
 
nn m:r. i run •. //. ,i /'/'/-: xn/x. 
 
 was Ijoni ill North Pembroke, Alassaehusetls, 
 l-'ehruary 24, 1838. He attended public schools 
 ill IJostoii and then took a course of tuition in a 
 ])ri\ate acadeiiu' in his native town, .i^oiiio- later 
 to IIaiio\-er, Massachusetts, where he took a 
 coniinercial course. On leaving .school he be- 
 came connected with the extensive paint and 
 oil liou.se of E. (S: F. King & Company, of Bos- 
 ton. He remained with the firm for nearly 
 eiglit )-ears, when he enlisted in the Forty-fifth 
 Massachusetts Regiment, under Colonel Charles 
 R. Codman. His 
 
 regiment was de- 
 
 tailed for service in 
 
 North Carolina, and 
 
 he served for sixteen 
 
 months. He took 
 
 part ill se\-eral bat- 
 
 tles, notably those 
 
 of Kingston, White 
 
 Hall and (ioldslioro, 
 
 all of North Caro- 
 
 lina. 
 
 In I.SIM he was 
 
 mustered out, and 
 
 relurucd to Boston, 
 
 where his old ciii- 
 
 ])Io\ ers were only 
 
 too glad to reinstate 
 
 him ill his old posi- 
 
 tion. In Se])teinber, 
 
 lS(;.->, .Mr. Barstow 
 
 decided to go west. 
 
 and, settling in .St. 
 
 Louis, was a])])oiiited 
 
 clerk 1>\ Mr. Ceorge 
 
 worked until l.S('i8, \ 
 
 the firm, which beca 
 
 law X: Coiiiiiaii\-. 
 
 chased his partner' 
 
 CHARLi:^ U. BARSTOXI. 
 
 he 
 
 ite- 
 
 P. Whitelaw, for wliom 
 hen he was admitted i 
 lie known as (1. P. Wli 
 11 lS7;-5 Mr. Barstow jnir- 
 interest and became sole 
 projjrietor of tlie establishment, which is now 
 one of the largest in the West, handling jiaint, 
 oils, chemicals, heavy drugs and naval stores. 
 Its headquarters are at tUT Ninth Second street, 
 wlienee it does an enormous lousiness through- 
 tnit ilie entire We.st and Southwest, enjoying 
 among other things an exceedingly lucrative 
 
 ii\t-r trade on the Mississippi and Alissouri. 
 Mr. Barstow himself is a very prominent citi- 
 zen of St. Louis. He has occupied the position 
 of first vice-]n-esideut of the Merchants' Ex- 
 change, and has also been \-ice-president of the 
 St. Louis Public .School Board. His record on 
 the Board of Education is a conspicuously bril- 
 liant one, and during all the trouble of the 
 board his good common sense and business ideas 
 have contributed largely toward the maintenance 
 of order and the contimiauce of the good work 
 for which the board 
 was responsible. As 
 president of the St. 
 Louis Paint, Oil and 
 Drug Club he has 
 done yeoman serv- 
 ice for that useful 
 trade organization. 
 
 In l.Sdlt Mr. Bar- 
 stow married Aliss 
 Ella R. Gale, daugh- 
 ter of Mr. Daniel 
 dale. He has four 
 sons, of whom Theo- 
 dore (i. and Charles 
 \\'., Jr., are asso- 
 ciated with him in 
 I)usiness. His two 
 other sons are Daniel 
 (i. and Edward H. 
 He has also three 
 daughters, Rosa, 
 Calla R. and Jessa- 
 mine. 
 DMrxD. — 111 the chapter on 
 • historical section of this 
 on the eminence St. Louis 
 
 Li 
 
 ■.J« 
 
 work, stress i.- 
 has attained as a tobacco center; and no man 
 has done more to bring about this condition of 
 affairs than Mr. John l-'.dmuiul Liggett. This 
 prominent citizen and mannlactnrer is a St. 
 Louis man by birth, education and residence, 
 and he has lived to see so many changes in the 
 citv that there is difficulty in recognizing in the 
 metropolis of to-day the comparatively insignifi- 
 cant town of half a century ago. 
 
324 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOL'IS. 
 
 The Iyi,^,<jett family is of Irish and German 
 extraction, Mr. Joseph Liggett having been 
 born in Londonderry. He was brought to this 
 country about 17SI8, and married, in St. Louis, 
 Miss Elizabeth Foulks, daughter of Mr. Chris- 
 topher Foulks, of New Jersey, where he was 
 engaged in the tobacco business. He removed 
 in 1818 to the West, locating for a time in Illi- 
 nois and then coming on to vSt. Louis, where 
 Mr. Foulks engaged at once in the tobacco busi- 
 ness. 
 
 The home of Mr. and Mrs. Josejjh Liggett 
 was on Main street near the Iron Mountain 
 depot, in a house which subsequently became 
 the Swan Tavern. Here there was born to them 
 a son, the subject of this sketch. Young John 
 FMmund attended the public schools and was 
 the first pupil of Mr. D. H. Armstrong, at the 
 first public school in St. Louis at the corner of 
 Fourth and Spruce streets. He remained under 
 Mr. Armstrong until sixteen years of age. He 
 then entered the Kempler College Grammar 
 School, the building now doing duty as the 
 Poor House, and here he studied for two years. 
 
 His first employment was in the tobacco fac- 
 tory of Foulks & Shaw, the members of this firm 
 being respectively his grandfather and step- 
 father. He was given no advantage on account 
 of his relationship, but started at the bottom of 
 the ladder and climbed it, aided l)y nothing 
 except his natural ability and his indomitable 
 perseverance and energy. 
 
 In 1847 Mr. Foulks retired from active work, 
 and Mr. Liggett, by this time a thoroughly 
 competent man in e\ery branch of the business, 
 was taken into the firm, the name of which was 
 changed to Hiram Shaw ^ Coni])an\-. Eighteen 
 months later [Mr. Shaw sold out his interest to 
 Mr. William Carr Lane Liggett. The linn 
 name then became J. E. Liggett & Brother, and 
 for five years it conducted a most profitable 
 business in manufacturing plug tobacco. Then 
 for eighteen years it was known as Liggett >S: 
 Dausman, and later as Liggett & Mvers. 
 
 The house extended its operations \-ery rapidh", 
 andafter it had been known as Liggett & Mvers 
 for some years it was incorporated as the Liggett 
 
 «Sl Myers Tobacco Company. The com])au} 
 sells goods in every State in the Union, and ha: 
 about fifty men constantly on the road in it: 
 interests, the average number of emplo\es a 
 the factory exceeding 1,100. 
 
 The factory on Locust and vSt. Charles, jus 
 east of the Exposition Building, is the bes 
 equipped in the United States, haAing a front 
 age of 22.") feet on St. Charles street and 12") fee 
 on Locust street. Every floor is utilized for ; 
 specific purpose, and every little detail receive 
 so much attention that the factory is regarded a 
 a model. The drying house is on Pine anc 
 Xineteenth streets, and covers an area of 135 b; 
 lo;i feet. Just south of it is an enormous stoi 
 age house with a frontage of 338 feet, or an entir 
 half block, on Chestnut street. So gigantic at 
 the operations of the company, that it has a bo; 
 factory of its own on Randolph street, near Jeffei 
 son avenue, occupying an area of 228 by 232 
 and used exclusively in manufacturing boxes fo 
 the Liggett & Myers brands of tobacco, whicl 
 are popular the world over. The offices of th 
 company are in a handsome building special 1 
 erected for the purjiose on Washington a\enue 
 just east of Thirteenth street. 
 
 For many years ]\Ir. Liggett acted as presi 
 dent of this wealthy corporation, and his rela 
 tions with his partners and his employes wer 
 alwa\'s of the pleasantest possible charactei 
 ^lauy a young man has been encouraged to re 
 newed efforts by his kind advice and greetings 
 and in every other way Mr. Liggett has give: 
 evidence of his good-heartedness. He has bee: 
 connected with a number of important local in 
 stitutions, and besides being a member of the oL 
 \'olunteer brigade he was at one time secretar 
 of the Washington Fire Company. He is also 
 director of the Commercial Bank. 
 
 Mr. Liggett married in 1>^")1 Miss Elizabetl 
 J. Calbreath, of Calloway county, Missouri, am 
 has three daughters: Dolly L., now Mrs. Claud 
 Kilpatrick, of this city; Cora B., now Airs. Joh: 
 Fowler, of St. Louis; and Ella I)., now Mns 
 [Mitchell Scott; also a son, Hiram Shaw Ligg 
 ett, who was at one time secretary of the com 
 pany, but who was compelled to resign owin: 
 
.& ^>^^^^^ 
 
Bh HrRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 to ill health, and died at San Antonii), Texas, 
 Dcceiuher i'-"), ISHi'. 
 
 Mai.li.nckrodt, Edward, president of the 
 chemical works whicli bear his name, and which 
 ha\e a reputation extendin_o^ even beyond the 
 limits of the United States, is a St. Louis man 
 in e\ery sense of the word, and he is one of those 
 citizens \\ho ne\er tire in their efforts to advance 
 the city's interests and to uphold its good name 
 whenever and wherever it may happen to be 
 assailed. He was born in this city forty-eight 
 years ago, and is the son of Mr. Kniile Mallinck- 
 rodt, a nati\-e of Prussia, who settled in this citv 
 some sixty years ago, when there were no 
 houses in St. Louis west of Third street, and 
 when all the business was done within a stone's 
 throw of the river. He at once proceeded to 
 active business and is spoken of by writers of 
 the day as one of the first real estate dealers 
 who operated extensively in St. Louis property. 
 
 He laid out the cit\- of Bremen, which was 
 looked upon as almost a distant suburb of St. 
 Louis, and he was prominent in the construc- 
 tion of the bridge over (jin Grass Creek. He 
 married JVIiss Ellen Luckie, a member of a very 
 jirnminent family which had settled in Missouri 
 ])rior to the marriage taking place. Mr. Mal- 
 linckrodt continued in active business for many 
 years and his death, which onlv occurred in 
 May, l.S!t2, was mourned by hundreds of friends 
 and admirers of this grand old .\merican gentle- 
 man. 
 
 Edward Mallinckrodt was born in St. Louis, 
 January 21, 184;'). He was educated in the 
 public school, and then, in order to acquire a 
 thorough knowledge of chemistr\- in e\er\- 
 branch, he went to Crermany, aiul for ten \-ears 
 studied in the Weisbaden Chemical Laboratorv, 
 returning to this country in 1S(;7 thoroughh- 
 equipped for the magnificent career which lay 
 before him. Mr. Edward at once associated 
 himself with bis two brothers. Otto and (iustav 
 X., both of whom are now deceased. The 
 three brotliers formed the firm of Cr. Mallinck- 
 rodt ^: Company, and commenced the erection 
 of works at Second and Mallinckrodt streets. 
 
 The site was peculiarly appropriate, as a farm 
 worked by Mr. Emile Mallinckrodt had occu- 
 pied it, and the street was named after him. 
 
 The works were small compared with the 
 colossal establishment of to-day, but they were 
 constructed in approved fashion and equipped so 
 as to make it possible to manufacture chemicals 
 of every description. ( Ireat success attended the 
 efforts of the concern, which in 1882 was incor- 
 porated as the ALiUiuckrodt Chemical Works, 
 with the subject of this sketch as president and 
 exclusive manager, which arduous and important 
 position he has held ever since. By giving per- 
 sonal attention to every detail and giving the 
 business the advantage of his excellent training 
 and profound chemical knowledge, Mr. Mallinck- 
 rodt has succeeded in making for the company a 
 reputation second to no chemical house in the 
 world, and orders are constantly received not 
 only from every distant State, but even from for- 
 eign lands. 
 
 The trade of the West and Southwest is sup- 
 plied almost exclusively from the St. Louis 
 establishment, but owing to the increasing 
 demand from eastern and European houses, 
 another very large plant was put in at Jersey 
 City during the 80's. The output of this house 
 is very large and is cliiefl}- disposed of through 
 the company's New York office. 
 
 The St. Louis works occupy an area of up- 
 wards of five acres, and find steady emplo\nieut 
 for about 300 persons. Chemicals of everv 
 description are manufactured and the verv best 
 grades produced which are needed for medicinal, 
 photographic and analytical purposes. Con- 
 stant improvements and additions to the works 
 ha\e made them uniquely complete and excel- 
 lently adapted for the great business transacted 
 in them. Their success has had a marked 
 influence on the growth of the northern section 
 of the city, which the Mallinckrodt family did 
 so much to build up, and the name is geuerallv 
 respected and looked up to throughout the 
 whole of North St. Louis. 
 
 Besides suijerintending the business of the 
 gigantic concern Mr. Mallinckrodt acts as ])resi- 
 dent of the National .\nnnouia Compan\- with 
 
V2r, 
 
 OLD AND NF.W ST. LOUIS. 
 
 headquarters at oOlS North Broadway. Vix. 
 Mallinckrodt organized this company in I'S'Si' 
 with a capital stock of S600,000 and has deve- 
 loped it into a very large producer of auiniouia 
 and aninionial products. He is also president 
 of the Pacific Chemical and Ammonia Company, 
 and also of the Colonial Ammonia and Chemical 
 Company, all of which are engaged in the manu- 
 facture of anhydrous ammonia, carbonate of 
 ammonia and other similar products with works 
 located in St. Louis, Xew Jersey, Philadelphia, 
 Wilmington, Delaware, Detroit, Milwaukee, 
 Denver, San Francisco and other cities. 
 
 In addition to these positions and duties, Mr. 
 Mallinckrodt is also director of the Union Trust 
 Company and of the Chemical National Bank, 
 and a member of the Merchants' Exchange, the 
 St. Louis Club, the University Club and the 
 Round Table. He married in June iy7(>, Miss 
 Jennie Anderson, daughter of Charles R. Ander- 
 son of this city, and he has one son, Edward, Jr. 
 
 Mr. Mallinckrodt is naturally of a retiring 
 disposition, and has not sought notoriety of any 
 kind during his successful business career in 
 St. Louis. That, however, does not alter the 
 fact that he has beeu instrumental in aiding the 
 industries in the northern portion of the city in 
 a remarkable manner, and he is looked up to l)y 
 an immense number of citizens as one of the 
 best informed and careful manufacturers and 
 commercial men in the West. He has not 
 taken an active part in politics, but has a record 
 for generosity and unostentatious philanthropy 
 difilcult to duplicate. He resides with his fam- 
 ily in a handsome residence on Vandeventer 
 place, and occupies the foremost position as a 
 solid and substantial resident of the West End. 
 
 RiE.SMK\i;k, Loris TupxjdorI':, was born Sep- 
 tember 2(i, l.s.')7, at the town of Bielefeld, (Ger- 
 many. His father was an official at the Circuit 
 Court, and a gentleman held in \-ery high regard 
 in his native land, where he died when his son 
 was only ten years of age. Mrs. Riesmeyer, the 
 daughter of a school teacher, died in the follow- 
 ing year, leax'ing Louis Theodore an orphan at 
 the age of eleven. 
 
 He had, duriug his parents' life-time, beei 
 educated at the Gymnasium of Bielefeld, anc 
 he continued his studies until the year 1872 
 when, an opportunity arising, he emigrated t( 
 the United States and became an apprentice t( 
 a retail druggist in St. Louis. He attendee 
 the .St. Louis College of Pharmacy, where h( 
 graduated with highest honors in 187(5. Late 
 he studied medicine and graduated at the Mis 
 sonri Medical College in 1883, having the bono 
 of being first in the talented class of that >ear 
 
 Immediately after graduating he recrossed tin 
 Atlantic and continued his medical studies a 
 the Royal University of Berlin, having th^ 
 benefit of the instruction of the noted surgeon 
 Professor E. \'. Bergman, and also studying 
 pathology under Professor Rudolph Virchow. Ii 
 the year 1884- he returned to St. Louis and begai 
 to practice medicine and surgery. 
 
 In 1885 Dr. Riesmeyer was appointed firs 
 assistant to the chair of surgery at the St. Loui 
 Post-Graduate College of Medicine, and he wa 
 also appointed lecturer on surgical pathology 
 retaining both positions until February, LSltl 
 when he resigned. In August of the same yea 
 he was elected to the chair of ]>hysiolog\- at tlr 
 Beaumont Medical College. In l<sil:> he ex 
 changed this chair for the chair of pathologica 
 anatomy at the same institution. 
 
 The Doctor is in practice as a ph}sician, mak 
 ing a si)ecialty of general surgery. He is ad 
 mitted to be oue of the most talented surgeon 
 in the West. He is a member of several med 
 ical associations, including the St. Louis, Mis 
 sissippi Valley and the Society of (lerniai 
 Physicians of St. Louis. He is also presiden 
 and an active member of the St. Louis Micro 
 scopical Society. He is chief physician to tk 
 medical department of the Alexiau Brothers 
 Hospital; editor-in-chief of the .SV. Louis Afrd 
 /ra/ l\c~i'ie7i', and has contributed many papers ti 
 various medical journals. Among these are 
 "Irrigation of the Stomach in Obstruction o 
 the Bowel," which appeared in the S/. Loiii 
 Medical Rcz'ii-a'; "Surgical Tuberculosis" anc 
 ' ' Reports of the More Important Surgical Case 
 Treated at the St. Louis Post-Graduate Colleg( 
 
BIOCRAPHICAf. APPENDIX. 
 
 and Hospital," iii tlie Courier of Medicine; 
 " Multiple Tnl)erculosi.sF(illi)\viiig Wound Infec- 
 tion," read before the St. Louis Microscopical 
 Society; "Primary Tuberculosis of AIanimar\- 
 Gland," "^Multiple Tubercular Osteomyelitis 
 Following Extraction of a Tooth," " Laparoto- 
 my for Parametritic Abscess," all read before the 
 St. Louis Aledical Society of German Physicians. 
 
 M.D., is the son of 
 ,vho will be remeni- 
 
 HrxiCKK, William G. 
 Herman August Hunicke 
 bered by members of 
 the older generation 
 as a prominent mer- 
 chant and hatter of 
 St. Louis prior to 
 and during the war. 
 His mother was a 
 daughter of Dr. John 
 Luethy, who will also 
 be remembered as a 
 physician with a rep- 
 utation which spread 
 o\-er a \-ery large 
 area. 
 
 William (L at- 
 tended the public 
 schools of St. Louis 
 and also had the ad- 
 vantage of consider- 
 able stud\- in Europe. 
 When twenty years 
 of age he entered the 
 St. Louis .Medical 
 College, and after 
 
 taking the full course of three years he obtained 
 his degree and entered the City Hospital, where 
 he practiced for a year. 
 
 He then crossed the .Vtlantic once more, in 
 order to ac(|uire the proficiency which a lengtlu' 
 course of study in Strassburg, X'ienna and ISerlin 
 promised, and when he came back to St. Louis, 
 aboiU ten \ears ago, he was welcomed b\- his 
 brother physicians as a man liberally endowed 
 with that knowledge which we know is power. 
 
 He at once commenced to practice his profes- 
 sion, and now has his office on Washington 
 
 DR. WrULIAn G. HUNICKE. 
 
 avenue, with Dr. (). E. Forster, who was his 
 friend in IjonIumkI days and who is still more his 
 friend now. .\s an oculist Dr. Hunicke is ex- 
 ceptionally successful, and he is consulting ocu- 
 list of the \\'abash Railroad, as well as of St. 
 \'incent's Orphan Asylum, St. Mar\'s Hospital 
 aiul the City Hospital. 
 
 In 1884 the talented young j^hysician married 
 Miss Adolphine Weinenger. Miss Weinenger 
 was a resident of Vienna, Austria, being a near 
 relative of Cardinal Archbishop Gangelbauer, of 
 that city. Since his 
 marriage Dr. Hun- 
 icke has contributed 
 largely to the med- 
 ical press and is a 
 member of theVerein 
 Deutscher Aerzte. 
 
 Dr. Hunicke has 
 before him a career 
 of great tisefulness. 
 He is respected 
 highly by members 
 of all medical schools 
 and is rightly re- 
 garded as a coming 
 man. His studies 
 both at home and in 
 Europe have given 
 him a knowledge of 
 medicine of the most 
 valuable kind, and 
 both as a physician 
 and an author he 
 stands in the front 
 rank. He is a nuui of excejitional po]iularit\-. 
 
 P.oi'X'KELKR, AnoLi'iirs, was born in War- 
 stein, Westphalia, Germany, June 22, IMT. 
 He was educated in the common schools and 
 gymnasium of his own country, and came to 
 vSt. Louis in l.S|(i. He secured employment in 
 the city as a journeyman builder, and proving 
 an exceedingly competent and conscientious 
 worker, he found it easy to secure and retain 
 lucrative positions. At the end of three years 
 he had saved enough money to start in business 
 
328 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 in a very small way, builcling a saw mill run b_\- 
 horse-power; and in the following years asso- 
 ciating himself with Mr. Frederick Schulenburg, 
 he established a steam saw mill. This partner- 
 ship continued for no less than thirty-six years, 
 until 1880, when Mr. Schnlenburg withdrew. 
 
 About the year 1851, Messrs. Boeckeler, 
 Hirschberg & Company opened up a planing 
 mill, and in 18.')4 thev built a saw mill in Still- 
 water, Minnesota. This mill was operated 
 under the title of Schulenburg, Boeckeler & Com- 
 pany, and soon obtained a very prosperous busi- 
 ness. The two firms with which the subject of this 
 sketch was so prominently identified carried on 
 their operations separately, but their relations 
 Ijecame more and more intimate until the build- 
 ing of the saw mill at Stillwater led to what was 
 practicalh- a consolidation. 
 
 The firm of Boeckeler, Hirschl)erg&; Company 
 underwent several changes until it became Schn- 
 lenburg & Boeckeler, and A. Boeckeler & Com- 
 pany succeeded to the saw mill business in 
 St. Louis. In 1880 all these concerns were 
 amalgamated, and a company was incorporated 
 under the name of the Schulenburg & Boeckeler 
 Lumber Company, with Air. Boeckeler as presi- 
 dent; Mr. Charles W. Behrens as secretary; 
 .Mr. L. C. Hirschberg, treasurer; and Mr. E. L. 
 Hospes, of Stillwater, vice-president. Since 
 the death of Mr. Behrens and Mr. L. C. Hirsch- 
 berg in 1889, Mr. Boeckeler's oldest son, Will- 
 iam Lassen, has been secretary and general 
 manager of the company. 
 
 Thanks very largely to the never-tiring energy 
 and well-directed enterprise of the president, the 
 corporation has grown in importance and wealth 
 with great rapidity, and it is now one of the 
 largest and wealthiest lumber concerns in the 
 West. It handles an immense quantity of lum- 
 ber of every description, and its yartls, which 
 extend along the river front from North Market 
 street to Palm street, are a scene of continual 
 activity. It has been said that corporations 
 have no conscience, but this company has a 
 reputation for integrity and fair dealing which 
 shows that the adage is sometimes at least a 
 slander instead of a truism. 
 
 Mr. Boeckeler is a hard working, energetic 
 man. \\'lien he came to St. Louis the city hac' 
 less than I'd, ()()() inhaljitants, and was a com- 
 paratively unimportant town, and he has riser 
 with it, pinning his entire faith to it and work- 
 ing his way up the ladder to influence and afflu- 
 ence. He has acquired both, and to-day then 
 is no man in St. Louis who is more respectec 
 and admired than Mr. ISoeckeler. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Commercial Club and a director ir 
 the German Savings Institution, besides beinc 
 a prominent man in a \-ariety of other under- 
 takings. 
 
 Laidi.KV, Lkonidas H., M.D., was born Sep- 
 tember 20, 1S44, in Carmichaels, Pennsylvania, r 
 village situated in_ the beautiful valley of tlu 
 ;\Ionongahela river. His father. Dr. Thomas H. 
 Laidlej', a medical gentleman, in his day knowr 
 as an able physician and respected as a worth} 
 citizen, reared twelve children, the subject o: 
 this sketch being the tenth child. His mothei 
 was a daughter of the Hon. Hugh Barclay, o 
 Pennsylvania, a well-known gentleman in the 
 halls of the Legislature of that State. 
 
 Reared in a medical atmosphere, he was earh 
 taught to revere the medical men of that day, 
 which gave him a desire to enter the professior 
 honored by his father and so kindly regarded by 
 him. As earl}- as at the age of ten ^-ears he waj 
 placed in the flourishing institution — Greene 
 Academy — located at his nati\-e place. His edu- 
 cation was directed with a \ie\v to entering the 
 medical profession. He continued in school, 
 spending his leisure moments in his father's 
 ofifice, until the year 18f!(), when he entered the 
 Cleveland Medical College. The following yeai 
 he entered the Jefferson Medical College, at 
 Philadelphia, Pennsyh'ania, attending the 
 hdspitals of that medical center and enjoying 
 the teaching of the most noted medical faculty 
 of that day, including Professors Dunglison, 
 Gross and Pancost, who made a history for 
 medicine in America. Graduating from this 
 institution in the spring of 18(;8, he entered into 
 active practice with his father and lu'other. Dr. 
 Jne). B. Laidley. 
 
r 
 
 c0? ^^^Xe,/.^ 
 
r^H Xih'.lPHfCAL .l/>/'/-:XDlX. 
 
 ( )\vin.i;' to the limited field for study in that 
 comimuiity, he went to Xew York, where he 
 entered Bellevue Hospital Aledical College; here 
 he took a higher and more thorough course, and 
 gradtuitod with distinguished honors in that 
 institution in 1S72. He immediately returned 
 home, and not finding a sufficiently large field 
 for a successful and extensive practice, located 
 in St. Louis in the spring of 1872. 
 
 Early in his career he showed a decided love 
 for the humanitarian side of his profession, or- 
 ganizing, in company with a few others, the 
 "Young Men's Christian Association," to 
 which he gave especial attention to the sick 
 applying for aid to that institution. His work 
 grew in such proportions that a free dispensary 
 was organized, which was the nucleus of the 
 Protestant Hospital Association, giving to this 
 cit\- one of the most prominent institutions of 
 its kind. As a teacher of medicine lie was earlv 
 engaged; he was called to fill the chair of anat- 
 omy and chemistry in the Western Dental Col- 
 lege of this city. He continued in this posi- 
 tion until two years later, when he was called 
 to the chair of surgical diseases of women at the 
 organization of the College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons of St. Louis. After five years of suc- 
 cessful work, he resigned with eight of his 
 colleagues. Having attained a reputation as 
 teacher, he was again called to the chair of sur- 
 gical diseases of women in the Beaumont Hos- 
 pital Medical College on its organization, which 
 position he still holds. As a writer he has con- 
 fined his work to the reports of his cases, which 
 lia\e been large in number, especially in the 
 field of surgery, to which branch the doctor has 
 given his untiring attention. He has been 
 identified with the profession as a member of 
 the American Medical Association, Medical 
 Societies of Pennsylvania and Missouri, Ameri- 
 can .Vssociation of (iyiuecologists and Obste- 
 tricians, the St. Louis .Medical Society, in which 
 he has held offices at various times. 
 
 In l.S,s;i he went as a delegate to the lSriti-.li 
 Medical Association held at Liver])ool while he 
 was visiting the lios])itaIs at Edinburgh, Lou- 
 don and Paris. He now holds the position of 
 
 professor of surgical diseases of women at the 
 Beaumont Hospital Medical College, surgeon to 
 the Protestant Hospital, and consultant to the 
 Female Hospital of this cit\-. 
 
 He married Miss P^^lizabeth I^atta, daughter 
 of William Latta, Ivsq., of I^ancaster, Ohio, iu 
 tlie year l-SSO, from which union the\- ha\-e two 
 l)right children. 
 
 Li'Tz, Frank Joseph, M.D., sou of John T. 
 and Rosiua (Muller) Lutz, was born in the 
 city of vSt. Louis, ;\Iay 24, ISj.'). F'rom a \'ery 
 early age he displayed a natural disposition for 
 study, and applied himself most studiously. At 
 the age of fourteen he went to Europe and laid 
 the foundation for his classical education in a 
 Prussian gymnasium remaining until 1>>72. 
 He conceived the idea that home would be more 
 preferable than abroad, so returned to his native 
 city. 
 
 He immediately entered the vSt. Louis Univers- 
 ity and by close and constant study graduated 
 with distinguished honors in 1874, securing for 
 himself the degree of A.B. This tended to 
 inspire him with a desire and ambition to 
 become a professional man, so he sought instruc- 
 tion in the St. Louis Medical College and grad- 
 uated with the degree of M.D. in 187(). The 
 Doctor launched out into the field of medicine 
 w ell equipped for a magnificent struggle to gain 
 the front ranks of his chosen profession. Hav- 
 ing well merited the confidence and esteem of 
 the medical fraternit\-, he now figures most 
 prominently iu their midst as chief surgeon of 
 Alexiau Brothers' Hospital; also professor of 
 surgical pathology and clinical surgery in Beau- 
 mont Hospital Medical College. The Doctor was 
 president of the IMissouri State IMedical Society in 
 l.s.s.s and l.ss;); president of the St. Louis Medical 
 .Society iu ISi'O and is now surgeon of the St. 
 Louis and San F'rancisco Railroad and consult- 
 ing surgeon to the St. Louis Cit\- and Female 
 Hospitals. 
 
 In every-day life the Doctor is social and 
 agreeable, easily approached and friendly and 
 genial in his intercouse with his fellow-meu. 
 Through persistent and untiring energy the 
 
330 
 
 OLD AND NEW Sr. LOl'IS. 
 
 Doctor has gained the front ranks of his profes- 
 sion, and as a surgeon stands pre-eminently in 
 the foreground. He is the recipient of the re- 
 spect and esteem of all who know him. 
 
 The Doctor was married in June, 11SS4, to 
 Miss May Silver, a lad\- of rare accomplish- 
 ments, and one who is all a wife should be. 
 
 Aal, Albert Alfred, who is at the head of 
 the Parisian Cloak Company, and one of St. 
 Louis' most substantial citizens, first set his foot 
 on American soil on the day President Ivincoln 
 was assassinated, and since that time the record 
 of his success had been unbroken. London, 
 England, was the place of his birth and l^^rl 
 the year. He is the son of Bernard and Flora 
 Aal, the latter being a daughter of David Delaro, 
 the eminent linguist and the thorough master of 
 more than a dozen languages, who was for many 
 years one of the faculty of Manchester LTnivers- 
 ity. In 1S(;2 the parents emigrated to America, 
 Ijut Albert was left in England in the care of 
 relatives in order that he might complete his 
 education. At the town of Gravesend, a town 
 located at the mouth of the Thames, the lad 
 spent the latter days of his school life and here 
 he graduated and immediately thereafter sailed 
 to join his parents in America. 
 
 For some time after his arrival in this country, 
 Mr. Aal was connected with several amusement 
 enterprises, which caused him to visit Europe 
 on business. After his return to America he 
 located at Chicago and went into the cloak 
 manufacturing business, a line of business 
 which, as it was practically unknown in the 
 West at that time, Mr. Aal must be considered 
 a pioneer. The demand for cloaks at that time 
 was not heavy, as only two styles were worn, 
 and it would perhaps be interesting to all 
 ladies to know that many of the styles which 
 now supply the demand are due to the ingenuity 
 and originality of Mr. Aal. 
 
 After a year or two he became connected with 
 the firm of Siegel Bros., of Chicago, a companv 
 that at present is represented by houses in fif- 
 teen cities of the United States. He was located 
 here until bS.S."), when the firm, recognizing his 
 
 absolute reliability, selected him to come to St. 
 Louis to establish a branch house. The ven- 
 ture \vas a daring one, as no experimental evi- 
 dence existed that a house dealing exclusively 
 in cloaks would pa\-, but the astute manager 
 estimated the conditions exacth', and such was 
 the abilit>- of his management tluit from the 
 first year's business the returns amounted to 
 SUM), ()()(). 
 
 Mr. Aal's sagacity and discernment were also 
 shown in the matter of the location of the Paris- 
 ian Cloak Company. Tempting offers were 
 made to induce him to locate on F^ourth street, 
 then the leading thoroughfare of the city, Init 
 he foresaw the movement of business westward, 
 and located on the north-east corner of Wash- 
 ington avenue and Broadway, a better location 
 than which does not exist for the business. The 
 increase of the business has been steady and 
 phenomenal, until to-day it is the largest and 
 most important house of the kind in the world. 
 From the s UK), 000 of the first year, Mr. .\al 
 had increased the trade to the volume of 
 S4-i."),00() in 1891. Again and again have the 
 growing demands of the trade compelled the 
 enlargement of the premises, and the Parisian 
 Cloak Company now occupies n:ore floor space 
 than au)- other cloak company in the world. 
 
 Mr. Aal has demonstrated his right to a posi- 
 tion among the leading business men of the 
 West, and as he is still in the prime of life, his 
 expectations are great. Being a man of great 
 determination, of uncommon industry and talent, 
 his success in life is considered most natural liy 
 all who know him well. He is a public-spirited 
 citizen as well as a successful businessman, and 
 is alwa\'s willing to lend his aid to anv scht-nie 
 ha\'ing {ox its purpose the adx'ancement of the 
 cit\'s interest. 
 
 In politics he is a Democrat, and was for souie 
 time a member of the well-known Iroquois Club 
 of Chicago. He is a ^lason of high degree, is a 
 member of the Royal Arcanum, of the National 
 I'nion, of the Owl's Club, and is connected with 
 five clubs of a private nature, besides. 
 
 He nuirried Miss Frankenstein, of Chicago, 
 ill IS.SO. The\' have four children: Joseph, 
 
BR ^CRAPirrCAL APPENDIX. 
 
 .•!:51 
 
 Ralph, Benianl aiul Jennie. The family lives 
 part of the time in St. Louis and part of the 
 time in Chicago, in botli of which cities Mr. 
 Aal owns elegant residences. Both in St. Louis 
 and Chicago, Mr. Aal and family have a large 
 circle of friends and are deservedly popular 
 among society leaders. 
 
 FoRSTER, (). E., M.D., one of the leading 
 physicians of the city, was born September 21, 
 l'^')^i, and is hence a much younger man than 
 his liigh standing 
 in the medical world 
 would appear to in- ' 
 
 dicate. His father, 
 Marquard Forster, 
 was born in Bavaria, 
 but came to America 
 and settled in St. 
 Louis some thirteen 
 years before the birth 
 of his justly popular 
 son. Mr. Forster, 
 Sr., identified him- 
 self with the brew- 
 ery interest soon af- 
 ter his arrival in St. 
 Louis, and has, for 
 many years, been 
 looked u])on as one 
 of the prominent 
 brewers of a city in 
 which the brewing 
 of beer has been re- 
 duced to a science. 
 Dr. Forster's mother was a 1; 
 having been brought to tl 
 parents when she was onI\- nine \-ears of age. 
 
 Dr. Forster's early education was acquired 
 in the j)ublic schools, and choosing medicine as 
 his profession he attended the St. Louis Med- 
 ical College, taking a three years' course and 
 graduating in issL He then had a better 
 medical training than a large number of prac- 
 titioners, but recognizing the need of fur- 
 ther experience, he continued his studies in 
 Europe, taking a five years" course in the uni- 
 
 of Switzerland, 
 countr\- b\- her 
 
 versities of .Strassburg and Bonn ( (Tcrmany ), and 
 \'ienna, Austria. During these five years he 
 gave his special attention to diseases of the 
 throat, nose and ear, and on his return to this 
 city in 1887 he became assistant throat, nose 
 and ear physician in the Missouri ]Medical Col- 
 lege, retaining the position until l^*it(). 
 
 In addition to a very extensive practice as a 
 
 specialist in the diseases mentioned. Dr. Forster 
 
 had made himself quite a reputation by his very 
 
 able contributions to the press on such difficult 
 
 topics as " I^olypus 
 
 __^ of the Xose," the 
 
 " Treatment of Tu- 
 berculosis" and the 
 " Bona Fide Advan- 
 tages and Reverse of 
 Dr. Koch's World- 
 reudwued L>inph." 
 Dr. Forster is en- 
 tirely wedded to his 
 profession, and has 
 1 not allowed himself 
 
 to be drawn on one 
 ' >ide by the alluring 
 
 influences of politics; 
 hence it was because 
 "f" k of his .sterling ability 
 
 I as a physician that 
 
 /: he was appointed a 
 
 member of the City 
 I'.oard of Healtli in 
 
 — ^ April, is;i;i. He has 
 
 hOk.Hii.k. devoted to the du- 
 
 ties of the office very 
 thoughtful care, and his advice has on several 
 occasions proved valuable in the extreme. 
 
 BoviJ, Tru.sten Bkowx, .son of David M. 
 and F^lizabeth (Brown) Boyd, was bt)rn in 
 Indianapolis, on Christmas day, 18.')-1. His 
 father was one of the early settlers of Indiana, 
 having come to the capital of that State on 
 horseback. He had established a cabinet-mak- 
 ing business in Indianapolis, and subsequently 
 conducted a furniture establishment there. He 
 is still li\ing at the age of eighty-three years. 
 
832 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOl US. 
 
 Youn<j Mr. Boyd received a preparatory school 
 education in his native town, and when fifteen 
 years of age he left school and started out to 
 make a name and fortune for himself. He 
 secured a position as railroad clerk in the freight 
 departnrent of the old Bee Line, remaining in a 
 clerical capacity for two years. In 1<S71, when 
 only seventeen years of age, he was appointed 
 cashier of the road at headquarters in Indian- 
 apolis, being one of the youngest men ever hold- 
 ing a position of such responsibility and trust. 
 In 1879 he resigned his position and came to 
 St. Louis, with the intention of becoming inter- 
 ested in the furnishing goods house of Wilson 
 Brothers on Fourth street. 
 
 In the following year he purchased a half 
 interest in the business, the name of the firm 
 being changed to Wilson Brothers & Boj'd. 
 Two years subsequently he purchased the 
 remaining moiety and became the head of the 
 firm of T. B. Boyd & Company, which is now 
 recognized as one of the finest and highest class 
 gentlemen's furnishing establishments in the 
 West. For six }'ears Mr. IU)yd carried on an 
 exceedingly successful and prosperous business 
 on Fourth street, during which time the Boyd 
 shirt in particular attained a reputation in a 
 number of States, and mail orders are still re- 
 ceived for them every day. Mr. Boyd was 
 one of the most enthusiastic supporters of the 
 Exposition in its early days, and he made one 
 exhibit in the year 18.S() which probably at- 
 tracted more attention than anything attempted 
 before or since. He had a room fitted up in the 
 highest style of effeminate luxury and had an 
 " old bachelor " sitting in an easy-chair in the 
 gaze of thousands who \-isited the F^xposition. 
 B\' the clever alternation of a live man and a wax 
 figure, which resembled each other closely, the 
 interest in the exhibit was maintained through- 
 out the entire Exposition, and many hundred 
 pairs of gloves changed hands over bets as to 
 whether the " old bachelor " was a live man or 
 not. Mr. Boyd has been a director in the Ex- 
 position and Music Hall Association for six 
 years, and is now its president. 
 
 ShortK- after "old batchelor" success, Mr. 
 
 Boyd found it necessar\' to mo\e to more com- 
 modious and modern quarters, and he accord- 
 ingly secured the magnificent premises on Olive 
 street in the Commercial Building which he 
 now occupies, and where he has more than 
 doubled his annual business. This is a remark- 
 able compliment to the firm's reputation, and 
 another one which is still more significant i.= 
 the manner in which St. Eouisans who have 
 moved elsewhere will remember the establish- 
 ment and send in their orders from their new 
 homes. The retail business transacted since the 
 opening of the present handsome store on Olive 
 street is surprising, and ]VIr. Boyd is one of the 
 few men who does not find it necessar^• to talk 
 " hard times." Mr. Boyd's exceptional activity 
 and the high respect entertained for him l)y 
 people of all classes combine to ensure success 
 of the most gratifying and continuous charac- 
 ter. 
 
 While building up his establishment, Mr. Boyd 
 has supported every enterprise l>rought before 
 his notice having for its object the im]irove- 
 ment of vSt. Louis and the betterment of its pop- 
 ulation. He was one of the charter memljers of 
 the Mercantile Club, in which organization he 
 is a director. He is a member of the Legion 
 and Knights of Honor, and a hard worker in 
 connection with the I'nion '\\. V.. Church. He 
 is highly respected both in and out of the city, 
 and is of an exceptionally kindly and generous 
 disposition. 
 
 He married in bS7(! Miss lunily Tousey, of 
 Indianapolis, a daughter of 01i\'er Tousey, a 
 promineiit merchant of that cit>-. He has two 
 sons, Da\'id Milton, Jr., and Ingram Fletcher, 
 l)oth of whom are now studying at the Smith 
 Academy. 
 
 (tAVI.ori), Samuel Augustix, sou of F;rastus 
 and Sarah ( Messenger) Gay lord, was born in 
 Pittsfield, New York, March 29, 1832. He is 
 of New England descent on both sides, his 
 father being a native of New York and his 
 mother of Connecticut. He was educatetl in 
 the public schools, and recognizing that noth- 
 ing would more surely help him in the battle 
 
<j\j'(^- 
 
 f ^ 
 
BIOCRAPHICAl. APPENDIX. 
 
 of life which faced him tliaii a thonm.i^h 
 business trainiuii', he studied with unusual dili- 
 gence, and at the ao;e of seventeen was well in- 
 formed and qualified to engage in either com- 
 mercial or professional pursuits. 
 
 At this period in his life he very wiseh' de- 
 cided to come west, and in 1S4!I he located in 
 St. Louis, securing a jiosition in the then im- 
 portant banking house of George E. H. Gra\ & 
 Company. He remained with the firm for three 
 years, and in 1S52 secured a more lucrative 
 position in the Boatmen's Savings Bank. His 
 invariable courtesy, attention to business and 
 general ability attracted the attention of the 
 management, and as teller of the bank he made 
 quite a brilliant record. 
 
 Afterten years' connection with the Boatmen's 
 Bank Mr. (xaylord resigned, and with his father 
 established the brokerage house of Erastus Gay- 
 lord & Son. After the death of Mr. Gay lord, 
 vSr. , the firm became Gaylord & Levenwortli, 
 and after Mr. Levenworth's retirement, Mr. 
 John H. Blessing was taken into the firm, under 
 the style of Gaylord & Blessing. This is one of 
 the leading brokerage houses in the West, and 
 does an immense business in stocks and bonds 
 of all kinds, except only those of the wild-cat 
 order. 
 
 During his ft)rt\-four years of residence in this 
 cit\- Mr. (ia\'l(ird has made an unique record as 
 a man of sound intelligence and sterling integ- 
 rity. His judgment has protected his clients 
 again and again, and very large sums of money 
 are placed in his hands from time to time for 
 investment. He has made a study of financial 
 and market conditions and has reduced the usual 
 process of guessing to a science. His partner, 
 Mr. Blessing, has been connected with the house 
 since INti'.i, and has been a ])artner since ISSl. 
 
 Mr. Gaylord has not taken an acti\-e part in 
 politics, though his advice has been frequently 
 .sought by the city's financiers. He married in 
 l«(i(i Miss Frances A. Otis, of Batavia, New 
 York, who died in l^Ttl, leaving two children, 
 one of whom is now connected with the firm. 
 His second wife was .Miss Clara 1'. Billon, of 
 St. Louis. 
 
 (iiK.SO.x, Chaklk.S Eudox, a promising young 
 lawyer, who has inheritetl many of the gifts i)f 
 his distinguished father, is the subject of this 
 brief sketch, wdio was born in St. Louis October 
 :i!i, l.S(i(». His father is the Hon. Charles Gib.son, 
 patriot, scholar, orator, eminent lawjer, states- 
 man and patron of literature, whose distin- 
 guished merit has been rewarded by a high 
 title of nobilit\' conferred l)y a European mon- 
 arch. 
 
 Through his father the \-oung man is des- 
 cended from the Gibsons of Virginia, a name 
 that has been conspicuous throughout the entire 
 history of the Old Dominion. Through his 
 mother, who was Virginia Gamble, daughter of 
 Archibald Gamble, he is related to the old and 
 prominent St. Louis family o{ that name. 
 
 Young Charles E. was educated in the St. 
 Louis public schools, finishing at the High 
 School, from which he graduated with honors. 
 He had long before this elected to follow the law 
 as a calling, and on leaving school began to 
 stud\- in his father's office. Under such an 
 excellent preceptor he finished his course and 
 was duly admitted to the bar in June, 18^0. 
 
 He became associated with his father and at 
 once demonstrated his adaptability to the calling 
 by the assistance he was able to render the 
 former. This arrangement continued up to 1 •*>''^!', 
 when, through the admission of Judge Bond into 
 the firm, its st\ le became Gibson, Bond X: Gib- 
 son. In l.s;(2 Judge Bond was re-elected to the 
 bench of the Court of Appeals, and the firm again 
 became Gibson & (jibson, as wdrich it is known 
 to-day. 
 
 In politics Mr. Gibson is a Democrat. He is 
 unmarried. 
 
 Coi.Lixs, Monroe R., Jr., is a man whose 
 name is familiar to most St. Louisans. He was 
 born and reared in this city, and his family is a 
 conspicuous one, he being the grand-nephew of 
 Jesse and Peter Lindell, and one of the princi- 
 ])al heirs of the vast estate of that wealthy 
 familv. Especially is .Mr. Collins well known 
 in real estate circles, not only on account of the 
 wide extent of his deals in that line, but also 
 
834 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. L017S. 
 
 l)ecaiise of the rare business energy and ability 
 he has brought to bear on the business. 
 
 He was born February 8, 1854, and received 
 the finishing courses of his education at Wash- 
 ington University. On leaving school he en- 
 tered on a mercantile career, beginning as a 
 clerk in the wholesale grocery house of J. D. 
 Wells & Company. In 18711 he entered into a 
 partnership with Delos R. Haynes, and together 
 they embarked in the real estate business. This 
 arrangement continued up to 1884, when the 
 partnership was dissolved and he organized the 
 firm of which he is the present head. 
 
 He does a regular real estate business, rents, 
 buys, sells, collects, acts as agent for investors, 
 etc., and the history of his transactions have 
 been marked by the large number of important 
 transfers he has closed and the number of big 
 foreign investors he represents here. Remark- 
 ably sound judgment has characterized all his 
 moves in the real estate field, and to this is 
 doubtless due his conspicuous success. Mr. 
 Collins was induced b\- his friends se\'eral years 
 ago to become a candidate for the House of 
 Delegates. He was elected, and during his 
 incumbency made a most efficient and able 
 public servant, acting as chairman of the ways 
 and means committee and as speaker pro tem. 
 
 Mr. Collins is a young man, and from what 
 he has already accomplished gives great promise 
 of rising to a high position in the commercial 
 world. 
 
 CUMMING.S, John Campbell, A.M., M.D., 
 son of Robert E. Cummings and Mary Campbell 
 Cummings, was born in Washington count}-, 
 Virginia, July I), 1.S27. He was educated at 
 private schools and at East Tennessee Uni- 
 versity, where he graduated witli credit in 1.S4S. 
 He then studied medicine with Dr. James 
 Paxton in Knoxville, Tennessee, and also had 
 the advantage of instruction from Dr. G. B. 
 Wood. He graduated in 1.S.'>1 and went to New 
 Orleans. Ten years later he joined the Louisi- 
 ana troops at Yorktown under (reneral M. 
 Magruder. He served faithfully throughout the 
 war as an army surgeon, witnessing much 
 
 bloodshed and alleviating an innnense amoun' 
 of suffering. 
 
 The war over he returned to New Orleans anc 
 in 1868 volunteered his services during the epi- 
 demic of yellow fever. While attending th« 
 victims of this scourge he became convinced o 
 the correctness of the homoeopathic theory, o 
 which school of medicine he has since been s 
 leading exponent. In 1877 he was electee 
 professor of clinical medicine at the Missouri 
 Homoeopathic College. 
 
 He was the first to suggest a homoeoijathic 
 hospital for children in St. Louis, and was one 
 of the four first visiting physicians of the hos- 
 pital. He is now professor of the St. Louis 
 Children's Hospital, president of the St. Louis 
 Homoeopathic Society, and a member of the 
 Western Academy and State Institute of Homoe- 
 opathy. On May 2, 18(i7, about eight years 
 before his removal to St. Louis, Dr. Cummings 
 married Mrs. V. A. Logan, daughter of Judge 
 J. R. Nicholson, of Mississippi. 
 
 Bright, WrLLL\M, son of Samuel and Mar\- 
 ( Farmington ) Bright, was born in Cheshire, 
 England, in the year 1830. His parents were 
 not in affiuent circumstances, and he attended 
 school very irregularly until he was tweh-e 
 years of age. In April, 1.S44, he left England 
 altogether and accompanied his uncle to Amer- 
 ica. The new-comers located in St. Louis, 
 which at this period, seventeen years before the 
 war, was a river town just coming into promi- 
 nence, but with a comparatively small traffic, 
 even on the Mississippi. 
 
 Young William's early career here was beset 
 with trouble. His uncle died in 184.5, leaving 
 him, at the age of fifteen, entirely alone and 
 among comparative strangers, with very little 
 money. He was not discouraged, however, but 
 hunted up work, and in October, 1845, secured 
 a position as errand-boy in the type foundry of 
 .Mr. A. P. Ladew. Very little type at that time 
 was made in this section of the country, the 
 hulk of the manufacturing being in Philadelphia 
 and the Ivast. .Mr. Ladew's foundry was the first 
 in the West, ha\-ing been started here in 1840. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 The new errand-lioy became jjopiilar with liis 
 employers, and soon rose l:)otli in tlieir esteem 
 and in the o;rade of work lie was called upon to 
 perform. He was promoted from position to 
 position, and filled each with a painstaking care 
 which commended itself to all with whom he 
 came in contact. In the year 1861 it was de- 
 cided to incorporate the company as the St. Louis 
 Type Foundry, and Mr. Bright, who was then 
 in the office doing clerical work, was elected 
 secretary. He retained this position for twenty- 
 five years, and in 188tj, on the reincorporation 
 of the business, he was elected president, a po- 
 sition he still holds. 
 
 The company is now one of the largest in the 
 country. It does a very large business in St. 
 Louis and throughout the entire West and South, 
 its specialty being the manufacture of labor-sa\- 
 ing t}'pe, paper cutters and Mustang mailer. It 
 has equipped hundreds of newspaper offices in 
 the towns which have sprung up in the West 
 during the last quarter of a century, and its lib- 
 eral treatment is proN'erbial in the newspaper 
 fraternit\-. It also carries a \-ery large line of 
 type, printing and printers' uiachinery for job- 
 bing houses, and is relied upon in an emergency 
 by many of the large houses west of the Missis- 
 sippi river, as well as a \ery large number east 
 of that di\-iding line. 
 
 For o\-er thirt\' years it carried on a large bus- 
 iness in paper and paper suj^plies, it having 
 been the oldest paper warehouse in the Missis- 
 sippi \'alley; but the rapid increase of its t>-pe 
 and press business compelled it, a short time 
 ago, to relinquish this branch, the good-will of 
 which was sold to one of the large paper houses 
 in St. Lduis. The capital of the company is 
 sl20,0ii(t.(in, and under Mr. P>right's energetic 
 management it is increasing its business everv 
 mouth. It has a special reputation for carrying 
 complete lines of novelties and new ideas in 
 type and sundries, aiul it is second to none in 
 its enterprise in this regard. 
 
 Mr. Iiright's career has been a remarkable one. 
 The expression, " a self-made man," scarceh- 
 covers his career. He has been connected with 
 the same house for nearly fifl\- years, and ha\- 
 
 iug started in on a salary barely sufficient to 
 provide him with food and lodging, he is now at 
 the head of the undertaking, a respected and 
 prosperous man. His steady rise has been in a 
 great measure due to his own individual charac- 
 ter, and he is regarded to-day as one of the most 
 honorable men to be found in business of an\- 
 description. 
 
 .Mr. Bright's success has involved a great deal 
 more than the accumulation of personal wealth. 
 No man has done more than he has to bring the 
 type-foundry business to the front in the West, 
 and his influence has been felt over a very large 
 field. Not only has he built up a highly pros- 
 perous business, but he has formed connections 
 running over a vast area, many of the points to 
 which he ships being on the other side of what 
 have long been regarded as type-foundry centers. 
 The shipping trade, both by express and freight, 
 has assumed proportions of great magnitude, 
 and he has popularized St. Louis as a printers' 
 supply point to an extent not alwavs recog- 
 nized. His relations with his customers in 
 distant States have been of the most pleasant 
 character. 
 
 He was last married in the \'ear 1.S7.S to Mrs. 
 Cornelia A. (rleason, and has five children. He 
 resides in a semi-suburban home on Forest Park 
 boxilevard, near Newstead avenue, and at the 
 age of sixty-four is in the enjoyment of vigorous 
 health and energy. 
 
 Crawford, HrCrU A. — Few men in the West 
 have more important or more diversified busi- 
 ness interests, and few men su.staiu the weight 
 of heavier commercial cares or administer their 
 details with a wiser or more decisive ability than 
 Mr. Hugh A. Crawford, who came to St. Louis 
 in I.S74 from Pennsylvania, which he hails as 
 his nati\-e State. He was born in Newcastle, 
 in January, 1.S44. His mother's maiden name 
 was Mar\- R. List. She was a superior woman, 
 and his father was Alexander L. Crawford, 
 whose hi.story is the history of the iron indu.stry 
 of the great iron producing vStates of Pennsyl- 
 vania, Wisconsin, Ohio, Tennessee, .Michigan 
 and Indiana. 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 He was a poor Ijoy and had to make his own 
 way in the world, but the qualities of success 
 were born with him. As his life afterwards 
 proved, he was a remarkable man in many re- 
 spects, and all w-ho knew him were impressed 
 with his wonderful energy and dash. Although 
 he seldom erred in business he was venturesome 
 even to the point of rashness, and it is stated on 
 good authority that he bought the first iron roll- 
 ing mill he ever saw, ran it himself and made out 
 of it the first year enough money to pay f(.)r it 
 in full. 
 
 While living iu Newcastle, Air. A. L. Craw- 
 ford built the J?J.wSi Iron Works and ,?itua Blast 
 Furnaces, and owned largely in the Crawford 
 Iron and Steel Works; owned blast furnaces at 
 New Wilmington, Pennsylvania; Lowell, Ohio; 
 Terre Haute, Indiana; and was largely inter- 
 ested in iron and coal mining in Pennsylvania, 
 Ohio, Indiana, Missouri and Tennessee. He 
 was also one of the organizers of the Pittsburgh 
 & Ashtabula Railroad and the Newcastle X: 
 Beaver \'alley Railroad, and built and owned 
 the Nashville & Knoxville Railroad at the time 
 of his death at his home iu Newcastle, April 1, 
 
 He was e\eu then, although iu his se\euty- 
 sixth year, actively engaged iu the management 
 of many vast enterprises, and right up to the 
 close of his career he was a conspicuous and 
 striking example of that great factor of American 
 life, the self-made man. He amassed a great 
 fortune, but it was by his own legitimate effort, 
 and it was used in the employment of labor and 
 developing and benefiting the country. He 
 was a man of rugged honesty, and many traits 
 of his character were made forcibly apparent, as 
 was to be expected in a man who built the fabric 
 of such a magnificent success and impressed 
 himself so deeply on the commercial and manu- 
 facturing history of his time. 
 
 Hugh A. Crawford was educated iu the pul)lic 
 schools until he was seventeen years old, when 
 he took a position as weighing clerk iu one of 
 his father's mills at Newcastle. At the end of 
 a \ear he was promoted to the position of a ship- 
 ping clerk, which last named position he also 
 
 held one year and then quit the mill to take a 
 course at Iron City Commercial College, at Pitts- 
 burgh, Pennsylvania. When he finally left col- 
 lege he took charge of a coal mine, in which he 
 held an interest, iu Mercer county, Pennsylvania, 
 a place he held for nine }ears, or until 1874, in 
 which year he came to St. Louis to take the 
 management of the ^Missouri Iron Company, and 
 act as vice-president and purchasing agent of the 
 St. Louis, Salem & Little Rock Railroad. In 
 l.SHo he was made president of the Missouri Iron 
 Company, and about the same time he was 
 elected president of the Sligo Furnace Com- 
 panv, which had been organized in ISSd. The 
 St. Louis, Salem & Little Rock Railroad was 
 organized in 1871, and as such operated until 
 1886, when it was sold to the St. Louis & San 
 Francisco, i\Ir. Crawford being connected with 
 the road up to that time. Both the ^Missouri 
 Iron Company and the Sligo Furnace Com- 
 pany, under Air. Crawford's management, have 
 licen In'ought to a most successful and pros- 
 perous condition. Both are located in Dent 
 count)-, Alissouri, and the former is engaged in 
 the mining of iron ore and is capitalized for 
 s;',()0, ()()(); capacity of the Sligo Furnace is 
 17,000 tons of pig iron each year, and it is oper- 
 ated by a capital of $100, 000. 
 
 Mr. Crawford's business interests are very 
 diversified and far-reaching. He is president of 
 the Champion Laud ^ Lumber Company, of St. 
 I^ouis, operating in Alissouri land and lumber; 
 he is \-ice-president of the Nashville & Kno.xville 
 Railroad of Tennessee; he is the first vice-presi- 
 dent of the Continental National Bank, and has 
 been a director since 1879, when it was a State 
 bank located on Third street. In lM>f9 it was 
 made a national bank, and since then it has been 
 moved from Third to F'ourth and Olive, and its 
 capital increased from $100,000 to $2,000,000. 
 He is director of the Vigo Iron Company, of 
 Indiana, with a capital stock of $.")(), 000; a 
 director of the Wabash Iron Company, of Terre 
 Haute, Indiana, capital, s.S(),000; Gadsden Iron 
 Company, of Alabama, capital, $12j,000; Craw- 
 ford Coal Couipau)-, of Indiana, and of the 
 Union Trust Company, of St. Louis; and presi- 
 

lUOGRAPinCA I. APPKNDfX. 
 
 (km of Crawford Coal (S: Iron Company, of Ten- 
 nessee, capita], $1, ()()(),()()(). 
 
 In character .Mr. Crawford is positive, decis- 
 i\-e and enero;etic. 
 
 .Mrs. Crawford was .Miss Jndith H. Ivvans, of 
 this cit\-, to whom he wa.s married in l.STS, and 
 wlio for her many \irtues retains the lii,y;li 
 esteem of a wide circle of friends. 
 
 h'fXKiior.SKR, RoBKRT .MoxKoi''., AI.D., son of 
 Kol)ert .M. and Sarah Johnson Fnnkhonser, was 
 born in St. lyouis, De- 
 cember 10, lS.-)(). his 
 father beiny at that 
 time a prominent 
 merchant. YonnL; 
 Robert was educa- 
 ted at private schools 
 in this city, and then 
 entered the l^niver- 
 sity of \'iri^inia, 
 where he graduated. 
 
 He pursued his 
 studies at Dartmouth 
 College, Hanover, 
 New Hampshire, 
 where he graduated 
 in IS?], taking the 
 (It ;.;rees of Master of 
 Arts and Bachelor of 
 Arts. After this he 
 entered Columbia 
 Law School, of New 
 York City, studying 
 both law and medi- 
 cine and graduatint^ i 
 Laws. 
 
 He again graduated in 1.S74 from the medical 
 (Upartment of the liniversity of New \'(irk, and 
 adiipling medicine as his jinjfession, practiced 
 Inr one \ ear in the hos])itals of the great metro])- 
 (ilis. In l.ST.') he returned to St. Louis and 
 served for three years as assistant demonstrator 
 of the Missouri Medical College. 
 
 In l.STC Dr. Funkhouser to(jk an acti\e ])art 
 in tlu' founding of the Beaumont ]\Iedical Col- 
 lei^e, holding the chair of clinical surgery until 
 22 
 
 DR. R. M. FUNKHOUSER 
 
 Bachel 
 
 l<S!ll. .-Vmoug his present eni;agements the 
 Doctor is consulting physician to the City and 
 I'Vmale Hospitals, is surgeon to the vSouth Side 
 DisiK'Usarv, and is also a prominent nieud)er of 
 the .American Medical .\.ssociation. State Med- 
 ical .Association, St. Louis Medical .Association, 
 and .Medico-Chirurgical Society. 
 
 The Doctor was married in September, 1.S.S2, 
 to .Miss Cantrell, of Virginia, by whom he had 
 one child. He married a .second time, in Sep- 
 tember, ISltl, .Miss (loodding, also of Virginia. 
 He is a prominent 
 Mason, and a mem- 
 l.)er of the Legion of 
 Honor, and .stands 
 very high in the es- 
 timation of the gen- 
 eral public. He is 
 still in the prime of 
 life, and is e\'ery 
 year establishing 
 himself more thor- 
 oughly as one of the 
 leading physicians of 
 the West. 
 
 KlXKAI.V, MlCIIA- 
 
 K 1. , the s o n o f 
 James and Margaret 
 ( .McOauren ) Kin- 
 eal\-, was born in 
 Cavau, Pro\-ince of 
 Ulster, Ireland, Sep- 
 teud)er 7, ls;i,"). He 
 was educated in the 
 "old .sod," taking the preparatory courses of 
 ])ri\ate schools and at Kilmore Academy, and 
 finishing at Oueeu's liniversity, now Royal 
 I'niversitv, graduating in IX;").') as a civil engineer. 
 .\fler this he worked a short time at his ])ro- 
 fession, or until he was elected assistant of the 
 Ci\il bhigiueeriug Institute of Ireland. 
 
 Feeling a desire to lr\ his strength in a wider 
 field, he left the institute and went to England, 
 where he wa-. c-mi)love(l in the office of a designer 
 of iron ships. His next move was to Canada, 
 which he reached in IS.j?, and soon secured 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 emplovinent in the eiij^ineer's office of the Grand 
 Trunk Railway, but in tlie same year went to 
 Chicago, tlien to Wisconsin, and in l.s.')H came 
 to St. Louis. 
 
 Here his abilities soon met with recognition 
 in an appointment to the jirofessorship of 
 mathematics and cheinistry in the Christian 
 Brothers' College, a place he held until he en- 
 tered the Federal army in LSIiH. At the close 
 of the war he began the study of law, and since 
 his admission has jjracticed that profession most 
 successfully. 
 
 In 18(!1 Mr. Kinealy was married tOvSarah J., 
 daughter of Ralph Briscoe, of Ralls county. Of 
 this union five children have been born. 
 
 XiJLKi-K, \Vii.i,iA.\r F., son of John F. and 
 Anna Maria t Bergman ) Nolker, was born at 
 Osnabruck, Hanover, December (i, 1840. He 
 was educated at private and public schools in 
 lMiro])e, and at the age of sixteen came to this 
 countr\-, landing at Baltimore in the year IS.'iT, 
 and remaining a few weeks with relatives in 
 thai cit\-. His first employment was in the 
 Western Hotel, Cincinnati, which was then 
 under the management of his brother, and he 
 subsequently worked for two years as general 
 utility man in the St. Charles Restaurant. His 
 ne.xt work \vas as street railroad conductor, and 
 after a year of this employment he was appointed 
 messenger at the bank of Fallis, Young & Com- 
 pany, now the INIerchants' National Bank. 
 
 He was paid -S'iOO for his fir.st year's work, 
 and when he left the bank in 18(53 he was earn- 
 ing but three times that stipend. He next be- 
 came cashier in the wholesale hardware store of 
 E. G. Leonard & Compau)-, and while on the 
 pay-roll of this companx- he served for three 
 months in the One Hundred and Thirty-se\enth 
 Ohio Infantry \'olunteers. ]\Ir. Xolker re- 
 mained with Leonard & Company until \x^u\ 
 when he entered the employ of William H. 
 Shoenberger, of Cincinnati, who established 
 the \'ulcan Manufacturing Company, of which 
 Mr. Xolker was appointed general manager. In 
 l.S(i7 Mr. Shoenberger retired and :\Ir. Xolker 
 continued the business alone until the vear 1S7:>. 
 
 He showed great tact and enterprise while 
 in charge of this establishment, and he handled 
 a number of patents very sitccessfully. He even 
 went so far as to change the scope of the manu- 
 facture, dropping bolts, rivets and spikes, and 
 turned his attention to light machinery. 
 
 In 1878 Mr. Xolker sold out and at once 
 moved to St. Louis, in which city he has since 
 become a leading capitalist and business man. 
 Soon after locating here he married, and spent 
 six months in Europe with his bride. Return- 
 ing he purchased an interest in the brewery oi 
 Brinckwirth & Griesedieck, the firm name being 
 changed to Brinckwirth, Griesedieck & X'olker. 
 In l'S78 JNIrs. Brinckwirth retired, and her inter- 
 est was assumed by her son. In June of the 
 following year, ^Ir. Frank (rriesedieck died, and 
 the firm was reorganized under the name of 
 I'riuckwirth & Nolker. 
 
 In 1882 the concern was incorporated under 
 the laws of the State as the Brinckwdrth-Nolker 
 Brewing Company, with Mr. Nolker as presi- 
 dent. In 1889 the company, consolidated with 
 eighteen other large St. Louis breweries, form- 
 ing the St. Louis Brewing Association, the 
 largest corporation of its kind in the world. Mr. 
 Nolker was appointed treasurer of this enormous 
 concern, and he handles the large sums of 
 money which pass through his hands with 
 great abilit\-. 
 
 This brief sketch of Mr. Nolker's career shows 
 him to be a self-made man. He has never been 
 afraid of work, and in his younger days accepted 
 any position wdiich provided the means for earn- 
 ing an honest livelihood. His zeal and integrity 
 have enabled him to acquire wealth, infltience 
 and respect. He is now sotiglit after whenever 
 an important mo\-ement is projected, and there 
 are few men in .St. Louis who stand higher in 
 public esteem. 
 
 He is a director of the (Terman-American 
 Bank, the Mississippi Valley Trust Company, 
 and a member of the executive committee; a 
 director of the Madison Car Company; \-ice- 
 president of the Krein-Nixdorf Manufacturing 
 Com])any; president of the Kock H\(lranlic 
 i'.rick Machine Comiiaux ; a director in the 
 
1^ «&^ f 
 
 
nn n.RAPUK a l appendix. 
 
 Compton Hill Iiiiprovement Company, and in 
 the Fair Grounds Association. He is also con- 
 nected with other important organizations. 
 
 .Mr. Xolker married on June •'>, hS7.5, I\Iiss 
 Louisa Briuckwirtli, daughter of Air. Theodore 
 Hrinckwirth. Mrs. Nolker died in Jul\-, Ls.s;;, 
 leaving five children: Frederick, Laura, Louis, 
 William and Robert. 
 
 \'.vLi.K, Jn.K.s Fki 
 was born in St. Loni 
 was given a good 
 general education in 
 the schools of St. 
 Louis and atthe\'ir- 
 ginia Military Insti- 
 tute. On January 
 1'4, ISSO, he was 
 married to Mary .\. 
 Clover, daughter of 
 Judge H. .\. Clover, 
 and graduated at the 
 St. Louis Medical 
 College in 1885, and 
 afterward spent a 
 year as assistant pin - 
 sician at the Cit\- 
 Hospital. Then leav- 
 ing the hospital he 
 sjient two years tra\- 
 eling in Kurope and 
 cnmpleting his stud- 
 ies in medicine and 
 surgery, and since 
 liis return to St. 
 Louis he has been 
 
 He is an active mei 
 ical vSocietv, the St. 
 Soci 
 
 tx.— Dr. Jules Felix \a\\< 
 , December -'s, IS,")!). Ht 
 
 DR. JULES F. 
 
 in regular practice, 
 iber of the St. Louis Med- 
 I^onis Medico-Chirurgical 
 .■ty and the St. Louis Society of Obstetrics 
 ud (iyntccology. He is chief of obstetrical 
 linics in the St. I/niis Medical College and a 
 Kiiiber of the staff of .St. l^uke's Hospital, and 
 - also consulting gyiuecologist to the Female 
 l"-pital and physician to the State Blind School. 
 Dr. \'alle has alread\- built u]) a \aluable 
 r.iclice, and ranks as oik- nf tile skillful pli\- 
 ieiaus of the citv. 
 
 Cook, Dougla.s G., was born in Chicago, June 
 o, 1847. His father, Isaac Cook, was born in 
 New Jersey, and was, in the days before the war, 
 a prominent politician and newspaper man of 
 the Windy City, hi l.sr)4Mr. Isaac Cook, with 
 two partners as assistants, started a paper named 
 Yoint^q- A7nerica, in Chicago, whose main prin- 
 ciple was an undying .support of Stephen A. 
 Douglas, who was a close friend of the elder 
 Cook, young Douglas being named for tiie great 
 Illinois Democrat. .\ few years afterward the 
 name of the i)aper 
 was changed to the 
 Chicago Tillies.^ by 
 which it is known 
 to-day. 
 
 Mr. Cook, the 
 elder, was the ruling 
 spirit of the paper, 
 and a ver\' promi- 
 nent man in affairs 
 of Chicago before 
 the war. He was a 
 man of great origi- 
 nality of thought and 
 idea, and carried for- 
 ward every scheme 
 he laid his hand to 
 with great enthusi- 
 asm and energy. .Mr. 
 Cook's mother, 
 Harriet Cook, was of 
 Phiglisli parentage, 
 her family name be- 
 ing Norton. She died 
 IS.");;, while little Douglas was 
 
 111 Chica.i 
 
 still of a very tender age. 
 
 hi the fall of IS-V.i tin- elder Cook sold out his 
 interest in the Cliicago 'fiii/is and eaiiu- to St. 
 Louis, where lie started the .\iiierican Wine 
 CoinpauN'. The coinpaiu- was merged into a 
 corporation, under the laws of .\hssuuri, in IMiT, 
 with Isaac Cook as president. He continued as 
 thechiefofTicerandmanagerof the company until 
 his death, in hSXC, at the ripe age of seventy-five 
 vears, whereupon Douglas (L Cook became ])res- 
 ideut and has acted in that capacity ever since. 
 
340 
 
 Ol.n AND XEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Wx. Cook spent liis youth like most Ikjvs, in 
 attending the common schools. He took the 
 academical courses at Christian Brothers' Col- 
 lege, Notre Dame, Indiana, and was making 
 further preparation for college at Amherst, but 
 was interrupted, called home and his school 
 days ended. 
 
 Mr. Cook is now at the head of a wine business 
 as extensive as is to be found anywhere in the 
 United States. The wine produced is celebrated 
 evervwhere, and the label bearing the name 
 " Cook" on a bottle of wine is looked upon as a 
 guarantee of its excellence. Indeed, the person 
 who will acknowledge that he does not know 
 and like Cook's Extra Dry Imperial Champagne, 
 argues himself not to be a connoisseur of wines. 
 Such experts as George Augtistns Sala and the 
 Lord Chief Justice of England have pronounced 
 it the equal of any champagne in existence. 
 
 The Cooks have demonstrated that just as 
 good wine can be produced in America as any 
 grown by La Belle France, and the merit of the 
 wine has spread their fame and the name of 
 St. Louis all over the globe wherever there are 
 cultivated tastes which demand that nectar of 
 the gods — champagne. They get their grapes 
 from Sandusky, Ohio, where they control exten- 
 sive vineyards, and where a special variety of 
 grapes grown is known as the "Cook grape." 
 The firm employs thirty men constantly at its 
 vaults here in St. Louis. The principal reason 
 why IMr. Cook has been able to bring the bus- 
 iness founded by his father to a point of such 
 gratifying success, is his thorough knowledge of 
 the bu.siness. He entered his father's business 
 as a shipping clerk, and has worked himself 
 from bottom to top, mastering every detail of 
 the business thoroughly as he progressed. 
 
 Raxd.m.i., J. Harkv, was born in St. Louis, 
 April 4, l.STO. He is the son of John H. 
 and Emma ( Lewis) Randall, and received his 
 primary education at the connnon schools of the 
 city, finishing at Washington University. He 
 showed a marked taste for art, and went through 
 that dc])artment of the universitv, graduating 
 therefrom in 1S.S4. 
 
 After leaving the uni\-ersity he fitted himsell 
 in a business way by taking the course at John- 
 son's Commercial College, where he graduated 
 in I?S88. His first venture of a business nature 
 was assistant for J. B. Legg, the architect, b\ 
 whom he was employed for three years. After- 
 wards he became the junior member of the firm 
 of Randall & Son, and subsequently opened ar 
 office on his own account. 
 
 He is now doing business as an architect, 
 under the firm name of J. Harry Randall iS: Com- 
 pany A number of splendid buildings stand ir 
 St. Louis as monuments to and illustrations o 
 his architectural skill. Among others thai 
 might be mentioned are the famous Randal 
 Terrace, at the southeast corner of Garrison anc 
 Lucas avenues, and the Virginia Building, at 7:ii 
 Olive street, owned by D. L. Addington 
 Among numerous residences which he ha; 
 erected which might be mentioned are those o 
 L. H. Lohmeyer, B. T. Nelson and W. S. Bell 
 
 In all his designs symmetry,- and elegance an 
 found side by side, and in e\-ery dwelling-hous< 
 planned b)- him, special features of marked vahi( 
 are noted. Mr. Randall is an originator and no 
 a copyist, and his popularity as an architect i: 
 largely the result of this. 
 
 Mr. Randall was married to Miss Birdi( 
 Viah, of Montgomery county, Missouri, in ISSSI 
 
 French, Pin'Ckxhv, M.D., comes original!) 
 of good old New England stock, whose virtue; 
 he illustrates in liis own energetic and success 
 ful career. His parents were Isaac C. anc 
 Malinda '\l. French. He was born in Audraii 
 county, Missouri, May 10, 1852. His earh 
 education was limited to the ordinary schools o 
 the neighborhood in which he was brought up 
 but having a marked taste for study he succeedec 
 in getting a good general English education. 
 Deciding to devote himself to the medical pro 
 fession, as being the calling most in accord witi 
 his tastes and best adapted to useful and success 
 ful exercise of his abilities, he entered upon : 
 regular course of stud\- under Doctors W. H 
 Lee and John S. Potts, both leading physicians 
 of Audrain counlv. His career as a medica 
 
^(S^ 
 
BIOGRA nine A [. APPENDIX. 
 
 ;;4i 
 
 student was such as to raise lii.tjh anticipations 
 in tlie minds of his friends as to his future in 
 medicine. 
 
 Following' liis course of readiu"', he uiatricu- 
 Lated at .Miami College, of Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 from which institute he o;raduated in IS?;'). 
 His course of college training was characterized 
 l)v close application to his studies and by that 
 clear and practical comprehension of the princi- 
 ples involved in the branches of surgery which 
 ha\e marked his sulisequent career. The Doctor 
 immediately located 
 in his native town, 
 .Mexico, Missouri. 
 Here his high attain- 
 ments and superior 
 al)ilities as a phvsi- 
 cian soon became 
 recognized, and he 
 rapidly built n]i a 
 large ]iractice which 
 he continued to hold 
 with increasing suc- 
 cess and reputation. 
 In a few )ears he 
 was appointed sur- 
 geon of the Chicago 
 & Alton Railroad, 
 and surgeon of the 
 \Val)ash Railroad, 
 the former of which 
 positions he con- 
 tinued to hold until 
 July last, when he 
 resigned so as to 
 give attention to other more pressing duties. 
 
 In l.S7!t he was elected president of the i\Ied- 
 ical Society of Audrain County. The following 
 year he was honored by the board of curators 
 of the iMis.souri vState Universit\- with the ap- 
 pointment to a membership on the board of 
 medical examiners of that institute, whicli 
 position he held for se\eral )ears. The Doctor 
 was elected the first vice-president of the Mis- 
 souri State IMedical .Association in 18<S2, and was 
 professor of surgical anatomy in the College of 
 I'hysicians and Surgeons, of Chicago, Illinois, 
 
 tluring the )'ears 1882 and 188;'), resigning to 
 resume his general practice. He was during 
 this time associate editor of the surgical depart- 
 ment of the Western Mcd/ail aiui Si/ro/ca/ 
 Ri-poiic)\ of Chicago. 
 
 In 1X8;") he went to Europe for the purpose of 
 acquainting him.self with the rapid progress of 
 modern sciences, more especially those pertain- 
 ing to medicine. The Doctor visited many 
 hospitals of renown, observed and stiulied 
 closely the branches of surgery, and gained much 
 useful information 
 a n d k n o w ledge. 
 Here he was closely 
 associated with some 
 of the most eminent 
 physicians and sur- 
 geons that the world 
 had e\er produced. 
 Returning to this 
 country he found 
 that the strides of 
 ])rogress had made 
 St. Louis a city of 
 great desirabilit\' as 
 a place of residence, 
 and Dr. French, like 
 man\' other men of 
 ]) regressive and 
 liberal ideas, left his 
 native t o w n a n d 
 came to this city. 
 He became at once 
 connected with the 
 College of Physi- 
 cians and Surgeons, which chair he held until 
 1890. Having acquired a good practice auiong 
 the best families of this city, the Doctor thought 
 well of making vSt. Louis his permanent home, 
 and in LSilO he moved his family and took uj^ 
 his residence on Washington a\enue. More 
 recently he has erected one of the handsonu-sl 
 residences of Delmar aveinu'. The I )octor takes 
 great pride in his new honu-, which is one of 
 the finest homes in every respect in .St. Louis. 
 .Vbout this time the Doctor became interested 
 in the organization of the Marion-Sims College 
 
 PINCKNEV FRENCH. 
 
 I 
 
542 
 
 OLD AND XF.W ST. LOUIS. 
 
 of ^lediciiie, and was elected secretary of its first 
 board of directors and also its first faculty. He 
 was elected professor to the chair of the principles 
 and practice of surgery and clinical surgery, 
 and continued to hold same until the spring of 
 1892. The Doctor's experience in this depart- 
 ment of his profession gives evidence of his 
 being an interesting and popular teacher, plain, 
 practical, ready of language, clear in expression 
 and discrimination in the enforcement of his 
 conclusions. At all times has he been in sym- 
 pathy with his students and has ever looked to 
 their interest and advancement in their studies. 
 
 In his profession the Doctor has no limit to 
 the scope of his abilities. 
 
 He also conceived the idea of rearing in our 
 midst an institution of medical learning, built 
 upon a true foundation of proper management, 
 and established upon a policy of instruction 
 which would be recognized the world over. 
 Thus the "Barnes Medical College" had its 
 birth. With the aid of Doctors Hughes and 
 Carpenter a board of directors was at once formed, 
 and the Doctor was made secretary, virtually 
 placing within his hands the management of an 
 in.stitutiou which has had its birth in prosperity, 
 and with a phenomenal beginning will soon 
 grow with unparalleled success until it stands in 
 the foreground of the profession, the representa- 
 tive medical institution of the West. 
 
 Doctor P'rench is now in the full vigor and 
 strength of manhood, with all his faculties 
 unimpaired. He is a man of great sagacity, 
 quick perception, sound judgment, noble im- 
 pulses and remarkable force and determination of 
 character. Honorable in every relation of life, 
 and of nnblemi.shed reputation, lie commands the 
 respect and confidence of all who know him. 
 
 Among the many associations of which he is 
 a member may be mentioned the Surgical Asso- 
 ciation of the Wabash Railroad, of wliich he is 
 now president; the Missouri State Medical Asso= 
 elation, the American Medical Association, the 
 Mississippi Valley Medical Association, the St. 
 Louis Medical Society, and he is consulting sur- 
 geon to the St. Louis City Hospital. 
 
 The Doctor married in Februarv, 1.S74, Aliss 
 
 Lucv P. Ouisenberry, of Boone county, ]\Iis- 
 souri, a lady of varied accomplishments, and 
 of unusual brillianc\- of intellect and conversa- 
 tional powers. 
 
 Fr.\n"Ciscu.s, J. ]\I., Jr., the son of J. Vi.. 
 Franciscus, vSr., one of the pioneers of St. Louis, 
 whose connection with its commercial life as a 
 successful banker h.as already been enlarged 
 upon in this work. He was a native of Balti- 
 more, ^laryland, but the son was born in St. 
 Louis in IHIiti. Young James was given an ex- 
 cellent education, which was completed at the 
 Washington University. 
 
 Subsequent to graduation he made his entry 
 in commercial life as a clerk for the Simmons 
 Hardware Company, with which he remained 
 two years. His next position was in the 
 airditor's office of the Wabash Railroad, where 
 he also acted in a clerical capacity for a term of 
 eighteen months, and left there to take the 
 position of book-keeper for the Third National 
 Bank, with which he remained three years. In 
 l.ssn he joined the real estate firm of ^^loffetl iS: 
 Franciscus, in which he is still junior and acti\'e 
 partner. 
 
 Mr. Franciscus acted as commissioner for the 
 Lindell estate, administering its affairs with 
 excellent judgment and to the satisfaction of all 
 concerned. He was placed under a bond of 
 .•^7lH),0()(), and that he readily gave it shows the 
 high confidence rejDosed in him by the business 
 community. He also acted as special commis- 
 sioner for the D. A. January estate, giving a 
 bond of §485,000. 
 
 In many other ways Mr. Franciscus has dis- 
 pla>ed singular aptitude for the management of 
 large estates. The firm of which he is a niem- 
 l)er has a reputation for relial)ilit\- and sound 
 judgment wiiich is not excelled in the entire 
 cit\-. In addition to what may be termed the 
 realty brokerage department it also acts in a 
 confidential capacity for its clients, all of whom 
 place the most imi)licit confidence in it. 
 
 He is an acti\'e clul)-mau, being a member of 
 Ijoth the Mercantile and St. Louis clubs. In 
 is;i2 he was appointed a member of the Mul- 
 
niOCRAPinCA I. APPENDIX. 
 
 .'14.''. 
 
 I!o 
 
 l)ut after 
 
 ()iijuiit- li', IMM), Mr. Franciscus was mar- 
 ried to Miss Catherine Ci. Lindsa}', dau.tjhter of 
 Captain A.J. Lindsay, a retired army oflficer. 
 Two cliildren ha\-e been born to tliem, one of 
 wliom, named James Lindsay Franciscus, is 
 
 )HX Blasdi 
 ieml)er of ai 
 
 the 
 
 -known 
 
 .SiiAri.i-: 
 physician, 
 St. Louis family. 
 His father, Augustus 
 F. vShapleigh, is as- 
 sociated with a great 
 many jirivate and 
 jiublic interests, is 
 liead of tlie great 
 liardware house 
 bearing his name, 
 and is the possessor 
 of great wealth, and 
 stands high among 
 his fellow-citizens 
 because of his rec- 
 worth and 
 ty. The 
 f this sub- 
 before her 
 marriage. Miss Eliz- 
 abeth A. Umstead. 
 The Doctor is a 
 iiati\c of this cit\', 
 and was born Octo- 
 ber ;il, l.s.'.T. He 
 
 was educated at Washington l^uiversity, from 
 which he graduated in 187.S, with the degree of 
 .\.\\. In order to fit himself for the jiractice of 
 medicine he entered the St. Lou is Medical College, 
 and received his degree of M.D. iu 1 s,s l . As 
 t horoughness has always been oncof the character- 
 istics of the youngphysician, he was not satisfied 
 to begin jiractice on graduation, as is generally 
 done, but entered th.e City Hospital, spending a 
 yearthere and practicing in the St. Louis Female 
 Hospital for an equal length of time, gaining \-alu- 
 able practical experience in both institutions. 
 
 ognized 
 
 i n t e g r 
 mother 
 ject was 
 
 Uk. J. B. SHAPLEiaH. 
 
 He had reached the wise conclusion that only 
 through specialization could the ])hysician attain 
 the highest results in his ])rofession, and he 
 therefore began to turn his attention to diseases 
 of the ear, etc. He went to F^urope and studied 
 his specialty for a term under the eminent spe- 
 cialists of Vienna, Austria. In IcSfSy he returned 
 to St. Louis and began practice, and has met 
 with a most flattering degree of success. He 
 has won recognition from his professional breth- 
 ren, and his services as au instructor are held in 
 high esteem. He is 
 clinical professor of 
 diseases of the ear 
 in the vSt. Louis Med- 
 ical College, and is 
 aural surgeon on the 
 staff of St. Luke's, 
 the St. Louis Prot- 
 estant, and the 
 Evangelical Deacon- 
 ess hospitals. He 
 holds membership in 
 tlie St. Louis Med- 
 ical S()ciet>-, the City 
 Hospital M e d - 
 ical Society, the 
 .\merican Acadeni}- 
 of Medicine and the 
 .\mericau Otological 
 Society. 
 
 In p.ilitical appli- 
 catiou Dr.Shapleigh 
 is a Republican; in 
 religious matters he 
 subscribes to the doctrine of the Presbyterian 
 Church, of which he is an influential member. 
 The Doctor was married October i^T, issii, to 
 Miss Anna F. Merritt, of St. Louis. Thev have 
 two children — a son and daughter. 
 
 KiXKAi.v, Jas. R., one of the rising young 
 attorneys of the St. Louis bar, is a native of 
 Missouri, being boni at Hannibal, July 17, l.S(i2. 
 His father, Michael, and his mother, Sarah 
 Jane (Briscoe) Kinealy mo\ed to St. Ivonis 
 county, near the citv, in bSilii, and young James 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 attended the jxiblic schools until the age of 
 twelve, at which period he was sent to Christian 
 College and spent four years within its walls. 
 Next entering Washington University, he grad- 
 uated therefrom in 1«8;5 as a civil engineer. 
 
 He followed this calling for a short time after 
 leaving .school, hut could not resist the strong 
 aspirations within him to follow in the footsteps 
 of his father, and he accordingly entered the 
 latter's office and began the work of fitting 
 himself for the law. He was admitted to the 
 bar in 1884, and since that date has built up a 
 splendid civil practice, to which department of 
 jurisprudence he devotes his talents. 
 
 In 18i»l Mr. Kinealy was honored by being 
 made president of the Washington University 
 Alumni As.sociation, and is also supreme chan- 
 cellor of the I^egion of Honor. He is unmarried. 
 
 Stifki,, O'i'To P"., was born in St. I^ouis, 
 November 4, isiii, and is a leader in that class 
 of younger business men who are the present 
 mainstay and the future hope of the commer- 
 cial growth and progress of this metropolis. 
 He is the son of Colonel Charles G. and Louise 
 Stifel, the former one of the pioneers of the 
 brewing industry in the West, who is yet living 
 and is an honored citizen of St. Louis. The 
 father was horn in Wurtemburg, German)', 
 seventy-five years ago, came to America when a 
 very young man and established a small brewery 
 at Wheeling, West Virginia. After this he was 
 engaged in various trading operations through- 
 out the country until 1849, when he came to 
 St. Louis and established the old City I^)rew- 
 ery at the corner of Cherry and Collins streets, 
 and this was the l)asis of the fortune he af- 
 terward amassed. For many years he was 
 known as a leader in the commercial life of the 
 city, his capital being banking and furniture 
 manufacturing, but of late years much of tlie 
 care ol his business has devt)l\ed \\\>o\\ his only 
 son, the subj^-ct of this sketch. 
 
 The latter, after the regular preparatory edu- 
 cational training, entered Washington Uni- 
 versity of this cit>-. After the completion oi 
 the prescribed courses there he went to (rer- 
 
 manv, and in the School of Technology, at 
 .Stuttgart, completed his education. Returning 
 then to St. Louis lie entered his father's estab- 
 lishment to learn brewing, one of the industrial 
 a\ocations which requires as nuich m- more 
 natural skill and schooling than many of the 
 professions. After remaining in his father's 
 brewery for some time he went to Chicago and 
 afterward to Milwaukee and New York, spend- 
 ing some time in each city perfecting himself in 
 a knowledge of the science of lirewing, with the 
 result that he returned to .St. Louis- with a 
 thorough understanding of all the ])rocesses of 
 the business and fully competent to assume the 
 management of such a great establishment as 
 that of his father. 
 
 A few years ago, when the Stifel P>rewery was 
 absorbed by the English syndicate, the directors 
 of that body, recognizing his business talent and 
 eminent fitness for the place, made him vice- 
 president of the big concern, an oifice he yet 
 holds. 
 
 Mr. .Stifel has many genial, social traits, is 
 popular both in business and social circles, is 
 generous and liberal, and is a lover of good horses. 
 He is an active club-man, holding membership 
 relation with both the Mercantile and Union 
 clubs. He is also a member of the Masonic fra- 
 ternit)-. 
 
 ()n April ■'), 18tt;-J, he was married to Miss Ella 
 Conrades, daughter of J. H. Conrades, the promi- 
 nent furniture manufacturer of this city. 
 
 Ro.MHAnu-;, Roderick E., the eminent .St. 
 Louis jurist, is the son of Theodore and lierlha 
 Rinnbauer, and was born in Hungary, Ma\' 1*, 
 I'S;;;!. His father was pronrinently connected 
 with ihc struggle for Hungarian independence 
 in 1.S4.S-4!!, and upon the downfall of the revo- 
 lutionary government became an e.xile. He 
 went to England in 184!:l and thence to the 
 I'niled .States of America, which was then, as it is 
 now, the Mecca of European Republicans. His 
 faniilx- followed him in 1N.">1, and became part 
 of the Hungarian colony in the State of Iowa. 
 
 Young Roderick was eighteen years of age 
 when the decision was reached to seek a lu)me 
 

 
n/OCK. IPHICAL APPRNDTX. 
 
 in America, and in 1S.");'> came with liis i)arents 
 to St. Lonis, where many of their countrymen 
 liad ah-eady fonnd a home. The youni; man 
 liad received a good common school and 
 cUis.sical education in the old country, so that 
 immediately upon reaching St. Loui.s he went 
 to Ouincv, Illinoi.s, and secured a position as 
 assistant engineer on the C, B. & O., then 
 Iniilding, he having studied engineering prior 
 to coming to St. Lonis. He continued to assist 
 in the construction of the road for about three 
 vears, or until l<sr)(>, when, desiring to become 
 a lawver instead of a civil engineer, he resigned 
 his theodolite and at Quincy took up the study 
 of Blackstone with Williams S: Lawrence, sub- 
 sequenth- Chief Justice Lawrence, of Illinois. 
 
 After .studying law thus for a short time he 
 entered Harvard College, taking the full course 
 and graduating therefrom in 1858, fully equipped 
 to meet and solve both the problems of law and 
 life. He at once returned to his old home in 
 St. Louis, where, after being admitted to the 
 bar, he shorth- afterwards opened an ofhce for 
 practice. He began practice alone, but soon 
 l)ccame associated with Mr. James Taussig, the 
 firm doing business as Taussig & Rombauer, 
 until the latter was elected to the bench of the 
 Law Commissioner's Court in l.st)3. He held 
 the wool-sack of this court until it was aboli.shed 
 bv the adoption of the constitution of LSiiC, 
 when he entered active practice again, opening 
 an office with (L A. Finkelnburg as a partner. 
 
 This partnership was dissohed in 18(i7, owing 
 to the removal of Judge Moodey from the Circuit 
 bench, and the appointment of Judge Rombauer 
 to liisplace. He made a most impartial judge and 
 filled the office with credit until, his term expir- 
 ing in 1.S7 1 , he again took up his legal business. 
 I'"or ten years he ]iracticed alone, increasing all 
 the time the number of his clients and adding 
 1(1 his ahead}' well-established reputation for 
 abilit\ and legal .sagacity. In L"SX1 he took 
 I)a\id C.oldsmith into his office as a partner. 
 Shorth after the formation of this partnership, 
 or in 1S.S4, Judge Rombauer was elected to the 
 Cnurl of Ap]>eals, an office he still ()ccu]>ies at 
 this writinsj. Since his ele\-ati(.>n to the l)ench 
 
 the Judge has been called on to decide nuiny 
 cases involving great interests and fraught with 
 knotty legal problems; among others, the first 
 important controversy between the city of St. 
 Louis and the gas companies; and the case in- 
 volving the controversy touching the stock of 
 the State Bank of Mi.ssouri, between Capt. Jas. 
 B. Eads and the State. 
 
 He was the first judge rendering a decision 
 setting forth the definitions of the fiduciary debt 
 as referred to in the Bankrupt Acts of 1841 and 
 18(37. This settled the matter as far as it could 
 be settled by a State court, and was afterwards 
 affirmed by the Supreme Court. The Federal 
 courts later also adopted the same view. Judge 
 Rombauer was also the successful attorney for 
 the State in the cases involving the right of the 
 State to subject the Iron Mountain Railroad to 
 perpetual taxation, and the North Missouri [now 
 Wabash] Railroad to the constitutional ordi- 
 nance tax. 
 
 Judge Rom1)auer is recognized among his 
 brethren as a lawyer of splendid mental and 
 legal attainments. His power of concentration 
 and analysis is superb. His impartiality as a 
 judge, and learning as a lawyer, are only equaled 
 by his unimpeachable integrity as a man. He 
 has devoted his life to the study of the civil law, 
 and few jurists anywhere are better versed in its 
 intricacies than he. 
 
 Judge Ronil^auer was married while yet a 
 struggling lawyer to Miss Augusta Koerner, of 
 Belleville, Illinois, daughter of Governor Koer- 
 ner, of Illinois. This mo.st fortunate event, as 
 their subsequent lives have pro\-ed, took place 
 in December, 18().j. They have had six children 
 — three sons and three daughters. Two of the 
 sons are following in the footsteps of their 
 father, while the third, Alfred, is a mining en- 
 gineer located at ISulte, .Montana. Theodore 
 and Edgar are rising young attorneys of 
 vSt. Louis. The daughters are named, respect- 
 i\el\', I5ertha, Sophie and Inna. 
 
 Jamics, Fraxk LowiiKK, ^LI)., son of Thomas 
 Simmons and Laura ( Sjiauldiiig ) James, was 
 born in August, bS-LJ, at Mobile, .Vlabama, 
 
346 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 where Mr. James, Sr. , was an engineer and 
 architect in large practice. Frank L. receixed 
 a good education in private schools in Mobile, 
 and having made up his mind to follow a sci- 
 entific career he went, when only fourteen 
 years of age, to Germany and entered the PoI\- 
 technic School at Carlsruhe in Baden. Sub- 
 sequently he prosecuted his studies at the 
 University of Munich at Bavaria, where he was 
 for three years a pupil of the great chemist, 
 Baron von Liebig, and other professors almost 
 as famous. 
 
 On the breaking out of the war in 18()1 he 
 ran the blockade and returned to New York, ha\- 
 ing secured from the university a certificate of 
 competency. Pursuing his journey west and 
 south, young Mr. James made his way through 
 the Federal lines, and joined the Confederate 
 arnn-. In addition to a great deal of arduous 
 work in the field, Dr. James was employed in 
 numerous scientific and confidential capacities 
 during the subsequent four years. In l'S(i.") he 
 surrendered with General Dabney Maury's army 
 at Cuba Station, Missis.sippi, being paroled 
 with the Twenty-second Louisiana Regiment of 
 Gibson's brigade. 
 
 After the war Dr. James traveled very exten- 
 sively for two }ears, and in IMtiT he accepted a 
 position on the editorial stafi' of the Memphis 
 Appeal, now the Avalanche-Appeal, under 
 General Albert Pike, and subsequently under 
 Tyler and Keating. Being a very able and 
 striking writer, he made great headway in 
 journali.sm, but his eye-sight causing him anx- 
 iety, he, in 1.S72, went to Mississippi county, 
 Arkansas, where he spent several months in 
 perfect repose, being compelled to have his eyes 
 kept from the light most of the time. On re- 
 covering the use of his eyes, the Doctor went 
 to Osceola, .\rkansas, and resumed practice, 
 drifting back, however, occasionally to :Mem- 
 phis, where he did noble work during the vel- 
 low fever epidemic. 
 
 After this he traveled for another two years, 
 and in l.S.s;» came to St. Louis, where he settled 
 down to the practice of the profession in which 
 he has since made a splendid record. He was 
 
 ajJiJointed to the chair of chemistry in the Col- 
 lege of Physicians and Surgeons, holding the 
 position for two years, during which he secured 
 an "ad eundem degree " in the practice of gen- 
 eral experimental chemistry. The Doctor is 
 now in practice as a consulting j)h\sician, as an 
 expert in chemical and microscopical exami- 
 nation. His services are in request throughout 
 the entire country, and the jDrofession generalh' 
 recognizes that Dr. James is without a superior 
 in microscopical investigations and examinations 
 of a delicate character. His certificate carries 
 great weight with it, and is invariably accepted 
 as conclusive ex'idence. 
 
 In his success Dr. James has not forgotten 
 journalism, and his record as a writer is onK- 
 second to that he has made for himself as an ex- 
 pert chemical examiner and microscopist. In 
 l,s,s;') he accepted the editorial chair of the 
 .sy. Louis Medical ai)d .Surgical Journal , the old- 
 est medical monthly in America, and which, in 
 connection with Dr. A. H. ( )lnnann-I)umesnil, 
 he now edits. In the following year he was 
 appointed one of the editors of the Xalional 
 Druggist. This he left at the close of l.S.s.'i, 
 only to take full charge of it again on January 
 1, l.sss. His contributions to this latter period- 
 ical are practical and full of information, and 
 make the journal of great \alue. In bs.sii he 
 practically introduced the subject of hyj^notisui 
 to the English-speaking people. It was then 
 beginning to attract attention in France, and 
 Dr. James, in a series of articles on hypnotism 
 in the -SV. LmuIs Globe-DonocraL entitled 
 "Ancient and Modern ^Miracles," at once di- 
 rected attention to it in this country. The ar- 
 ticle was copied into magazines published all 
 over the English-speaking world. He still oc- 
 casionalh- contributes both to the medical and 
 
 secular press, and nis articles are ajJiM-eci- 
 ated. 
 
 The Doclcn- is unmarried. He is a man of fine 
 ])hysi(jue and handsome appearance, is a s])len- 
 did conversationalist, and a man who at once 
 inspires confidence. He has also strung individ- 
 ualit\-, and has made excellent use of his o])por- 
 tunities fi)r acquiring knowledge. He is a 
 
BIO(,R.\PH[CA[, APPENDIX. 
 
 ?A\ 
 
 Master Mason, a Kni,i^lit of Pytliias, and a nieni- 
 l)t'r of the St. Louis Medical Society, tlie Amer- 
 ican Medico-Legal Association, of New York, 
 the American Pharmaceutical Association, ]\Iis- 
 sduri Pharmaceutical Association, and of the 
 American Microscopical Society, ha\inw been 
 ])resident of the last named society and beintj 
 now a member of the .^overnin"- board. 
 
 )f J..h 
 
 bori 
 
 the 
 
 1 Juhanii 
 ,ear 1.S4; 
 
 RvAX, Frank K. 
 H. ( Roomer) R\an, 
 in Norfolk, Connect- 
 icut. His father was 
 a prominent citizen 
 of Connecticut, and 
 was at one time a 
 memberof the Legis- 
 lature. When P'rank 
 was about eleven 
 years of age h i s 
 parents moved to 
 Decatur, Illinois, of 
 which cit\' Mr. John 
 Ryan was postmas- 
 ter from bSfiO to 
 I'Sli?, in which lat- 
 ter year the family 
 moved to St. Louis. 
 
 The subject of this 
 sketch was educated 
 at the Norfolk Acad- 
 emy, at Norfolk, 
 Connecticut, and 
 
 subsequently at the ^ 
 
 Christian Brothers' 
 
 College in this city. He then studied law 
 was admitted to the bar in the year bSTU, when 
 he at once connnenced practicing in St. Louis. 
 He attracted attention from the first bv his 
 ])rom])tness and keen appreciation of difficult 
 legal ])oints, and his success as an advocate soon 
 became proverbial. He .served as land commis- 
 sioner of St. Louis under Mayors Britton and 
 ( )verst()lz, and filled other important positions. 
 
 Mr. Ryan is a strong Democrat, and as chair- 
 man of the executive committee nf the Demo- 
 cratic State Committee, in the vear bsso, he did 
 
 d hi 
 
 yeoman .service for his party. The campaign 
 over, he devoted himself once more exclusively 
 to private practice, and soon became one of the 
 busiest attorneys in the city. Mr. Ryan has 
 been a very hard and painstaking reader, and is 
 intimately acquainted with the intricacies of the 
 law in this and other States. He has been called 
 upon to conduct a number of very important 
 cases in\-ol\ing the expenditure of large sums of 
 money, and has been singularly successful in all 
 his undertakings. He has a way of investigat- 
 ing a case very fully 
 when first submitted 
 to him, and if he 
 ad\ises active meas- 
 ures, he leaves no 
 stone unturned iii» 
 pushing the client's 
 interests. 
 
 His opinions have 
 been upheld by the 
 highest courts, and 
 unlimited confidence 
 is accordingly placed 
 in his advice. He 
 is a num of very fine 
 presence and as an 
 advocate has earned 
 esjjecial praise and 
 congratulation from 
 members of both 
 bench and bar. His 
 confident manner 
 ,M. and eas}- deli\-erv 
 
 combine to make 
 career at tlie bar a verv successful one. 
 
 NiKMAXX, (k-.s-PAVK W. — Although l)orn in 
 St. Louis, (iusta\-e W. Niemann, as his name 
 indicates, is of (rerman origin. His father, 
 William N. Niemann, came to St. Louis in 
 1.S4."), soon eml)arked in business as a drv goods 
 merchant, and for nuiny years maintained an 
 establishment in that line on Franklin avenue, 
 but closed it out in l.sy.'i and retired from active 
 business. It was in this city that the elder 
 Niemann met and married Custave's mother. 
 
84S 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 wlio was Minna, dau.i^^liter of Dr. Tranernicht, 
 an eminent and well-known physician of St. 
 Lonis before the war. 
 
 Gustave wa.sbornJnly :^7, 1857, and is, there- 
 fore, at this date, thirty-seven years of age, 
 although, from his appearance, one would be 
 led to the conclusion that he is not as old as 
 such figures make him. In the public schools 
 of this city he was given his education, and after 
 he had finished the courses of study therein he 
 made up his mind to fit himself for and adopt 
 the law as a profession, and with such purpose 
 in view entered the St. Louis Law School. 
 
 In 1873, when his father retired from busi- 
 ness, Gustave was sixteen years old, and as he 
 was a shrewd and promising lad he attracted 
 J:he attention of August Gehner, who offered him 
 a situation in his office. He was industrious, 
 quick and careful, invaluable qualities in such 
 work as the investigation of titles, and as he 
 rapidly demonstrated his capacity, substantial 
 encouragement was accorded by Mr. Gehner, 
 and this resulted in a determination to give up 
 his purpose of becoming a lawyer and to make 
 the title business his calling. He would doubt- 
 less have made an able lawyer, but has instead 
 made an expert and successful investigator of 
 titles. 
 
 Seven years ago, Mr. Niemann had made 
 himself .so invaluable that he was taken into 
 partnership with his employer, the firm becom- 
 ing August Ciehner & Company. The senior 
 partner's time is largely consumed by a multi- 
 plicity of other outside interests with which he 
 is identified, and thus of recent years the larger 
 part of the title and investment business falls to 
 the care and supervision of Mr. Niemann. Vlx. 
 Gehner, as well as the many clients of the firm, 
 have implicit confidence in him, a confideuce 
 fully justified, for he has reduced the business 
 of title investigation to an exact science, and 
 his fund of knowledge respecting such instru- 
 ments entitles him to rank as a high authority 
 on all matters relating to the titles to land in and 
 around ,Sl. Louis. 
 
 Altliougli he is \ery jiopular in societ>' and 
 has many ladv admirers, Mr. Niemann has so 
 
 far a\'oided entanglement in Cupid's net. So- 
 ciallv he is a genial and a good fellow; is a pop- 
 ular club-man and holds membership in the 
 St. Louis, Union and Noonday clubs; he also 
 l)el(>ngs to the Jockey Club, and is one of 
 the members of the governing board of that 
 body. He is a Mason, and is an adejjt in the 
 knowledge pertaining to that society, luiving 
 taken all the degrees — thirty-two — in both the 
 York and Scottish Rite. 
 
 Cameron, Edward A., is the son of Alexan- 
 der and Mary Cameron, iicc Henderson. The 
 father was a gifted architect, and is remembered 
 in St. Louis because of the handsome Custom 
 House, of which he superintended the construc- 
 tion, as well as numerous other buildings. 
 
 Alexander Cameron died August 3, isito. 
 His son Kdward was born in St. Louis, January 
 <S, ISiJl, and is therefore still quite a young- 
 man, notwithstanding the high place he occu- 
 pies among the architects of his native city. He 
 took the regular cour.se in the public schools 
 and finished his education at Wa.shington Uni- 
 versity, but this was supplemented In- a course 
 in architecture, which he took at Cornell Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 After the latter course was completed he re- 
 turned to his natix'e city and became his father's 
 assistant on the Custom House, then in course 
 of erection. He also assisted in the reconstruc- 
 tion of the Equitable Building. Feeling that he 
 needed the benefits of a more general practical 
 experience he went to Boston and entered the 
 office of H. H. Richardson. He remained with 
 the latter until his death, and afterward with 
 his successors until LS.S.S. 
 
 Then he returned to vSt. Louis and resumed 
 his position as assistant to his father until the 
 latter's death. His next step, in a business way, 
 was to form a partnership with Theo. C. Link, 
 an association which has since been dissoKed, 
 and Mr. Cameron is in business alone. 
 
 During his connection with the Boston hrm, 
 Mr. Cameron had charge of the construction of 
 a number of celebrated buildings, among them 
 the costly State Capitol, at .\il)auv. New York, 
 
a^ 
 
 ^,7^:. 
 
BfOGKAPHlCA L A PPF.NI VX. 
 
 340 
 
 and the Cliica.tjo residences of Franklin Mac 
 \'ea.t:;h and J. J. (ilessner. He also snperin- 
 tendedtheconstrnctionot Marshall Field's whole- 
 sale house at Chicago. In St. Louis, some of the 
 structures in the erection of which he was con- 
 cerned are the residences of Nelson Cole, 
 Charles C. Clark, James E. Hereford, S. M. 
 Rayless, and J. H. Chaissang; the St. Louis 
 College of Pharmacy and the East St. Louis 
 Ice and Cold Storage plant. 
 
 ScHWARZ, Dr. Hkxrv, is a native of (ier- 
 niauy, but came to this country when seventeen 
 years old. He is the son of Jacob and Snsanne 
 Schwarz, and was born in (iiessen, Xoxendjer 
 14, IS,")."). He was given the full advantages 
 the best educational institutions of his native 
 place had to confer, and was a student up to the 
 time he left the fatherland to come to America. 
 
 This was in 1873, when he was but seventeen 
 > ears of age. He first obtained a position in a 
 vSt. Louis drug store, and gradually worked his 
 way up, graduating from the St. Louis College 
 of Pharmacy in 18715. He then took up medi- 
 cine and entered the St. Louis Medical College. 
 From this institution he graduated and was given 
 his degree in 187(1. Feeling that any person 
 following the business of curing the ills flesh is 
 heir to cannot have too much instruction in the 
 methods of so doing, and knowing by experience 
 tTie superiority of German schools in all branches 
 of scientific knowledge, he determined to return 
 to Germany and avail himself of their benefits. 
 
 He entered the medical college of the Uni- 
 versity of Giessen, his native town, and grad- 
 uated in 1880. He then received the appoint- 
 ment as first assistant physician to the female 
 hos])ital attached to the University of Giessen, 
 acting in this cai'iacitN' from bsso to ISNl. 
 Continuing his sliulies in a i)ractical capacity, 
 he became attached as assistant physician to the 
 famed University of Heidelberg, holding such 
 position from 1881 to 1M.S3. Then he returned 
 to St. Louis and opened an oflnce for ]iractice, 
 and as his courses of preparation therefor 
 were exceptionally exhaustive and thorough, 
 and as he has studied and practiced witli a nat- 
 
 ural love for the science, he has been more than 
 ordinarily successful. He has main- profes- 
 sional offices and connections, and is held in 
 high esteem by his brother practitioners. Mem- 
 bership is held by him in the Xatur-Historisch- 
 Medicinischer \'erein, of Heidelberg, Germany; 
 the Society of German Phj-sicians, of St. Louis; 
 the St. Louis Academy of Science; the St. 
 Louis Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society, 
 and a number of others. Among the impor- 
 tant professional positions held by him is that 
 of consulting physician to both the City Hos- 
 pital and St. Louis Female Hospital. He is 
 also professor of gyntecology to the St. Louis 
 ;\Iedical College, and is the gynaecologist at the 
 Evangelical Lutheran Hospital. 
 
 The Doctor was married on September 1, 
 ISSU, to a daughter of ^Ir. Marquard Forster, of 
 this city, J. Laura by name. 
 
 Church, Aloxzo Chri.stv. — If a sturdy race 
 of ancestors, strong and vigorous, both phys- 
 ically and intellectually, give a man superior 
 chances in the start of the race of life, the 
 subject of this sketch may surely claim such 
 advantage. His paternal grandfather, Alouzo 
 Church, D.D., was born in Xew England, and 
 .sprang from the hardy Pilgrims who settled those 
 shores. Dr. Church was president of Franklin 
 College of the University of Georgia until his 
 death in lS<i2. 
 
 His great-grandfather on his mother's side 
 was Nicholas Jarrot, a name that figures promi- 
 nently in the early hi.story of the Mississippi 
 \'alley. He was a native of France and came 
 to this country in 17»(), finally reachingCahokia, 
 in St. Clair county, Illinois, in 17tt4. Being 
 possessed with a great fund of energy and activ- 
 itv, he at once, on arrival, embarked in bu.siness 
 as an Indian trader, and by ])urchasing land 
 claims he came to be the greatest land-owner of 
 this section. He built the first brick house in 
 Illinois, and the solidity and honesty of its 
 construction is testified by the fact that it still 
 stands. This is still in ]>ossessi()n of the family. 
 .Major Jarrot died in \x-2'.'>. 
 
 Alouzo's father was John R. Church, a gradu- 
 
ooO 
 
 OLD AXD XEir ST. LOL'IS. 
 
 ate of West Point. He was for some time an offi- 
 cer in the regnlar United States array, and was 
 stationed at various points on the frontier. He 
 served as lieutenant in the First Cavalry, took 
 part in a number of campaigns against the Indi- 
 ans and was stationed with his family at Fort 
 Washita, Indian Territory, and it was at this 
 fort, on November 3, 1859, that Alonzo was 
 born. 
 
 Mrs. M. I". Cliristy-Church, now Mrs. vScan- 
 lan, is a woman of great force of character, and 
 she is yet living in her elegant home at the 
 corner of Grand and Lucas avenues. President 
 and Mrs. Cleveland were entertained there on 
 their visit to St. Louis. During the tour of the 
 great Frenchman, Boulanger, in America, a 
 reception was given him by Mrs. Scanlan, the 
 only reception tendered him in the United States 
 at which French was spoken exclusively. 
 
 After taking the preparatory courses at the 
 grammar schools, he entered Christian Brothers" 
 College, where he remained for a space of four 
 years. Convinced of the benefits of travel and 
 to try the famed colleges of Europe he started 
 for the continent shortly after coming out of 
 Christian Brothers' College, finally making a 
 temporary settlement at Xeuilly, France, where 
 he attended school for a year. Next he took a 
 course of one year at the celebrated college at 
 Orleans, F'rance, followed by two years spent at 
 school at Hanover, (rermauy. 
 
 After a short time spent in traveling over the 
 Old World he returned to St. Louis and imme- 
 diately entered St. Louis L^niversity, where, 
 after three years of diligent application, he 
 graduated in 1880 with first honors. Having 
 for some time been convinced that the bar of all 
 others was the profession best suited to his 
 tastes, and acting on that conviction, he went 
 direct from St. Louis University to the St. Louis 
 Law School. At the end of two years, or in 
 1882, he finished his scholastic life by graduat- 
 ing from that institution. He was admitted to 
 the bar in the .same year, and opened an oflfice 
 alone for the purpose of practicing his profes- 
 sion, and has continued his practice ever since 
 without an office partner. 
 
 ;\rr. Church is and has always been a staunch 
 Democrat in political principles. He was elected 
 to the Legislature in 1890, and during his 
 incumbency of the office did most valuable serv- 
 ice to the people. The Speaker of the House, 
 recognizing his ability, placed him on some' of 
 the most important committees of the term. He 
 was a member of the judiciary committee, the 
 committee appointed to redistrict the State coii- 
 gressionally, and was chairman of the insurance 
 committee. During the last regular session he 
 introduced, advocated and succeeded in passing 
 the bill whereby the State of Missouri ceded 
 jurisdiction over the ground on which Jefferson 
 Barracks stand to the Federal government. He 
 is also the author of that excellent economic 
 ureasure enabling savings banks to receive de- 
 posits from one dollar up and to pa}- interest on 
 the same; and the law is in operation and ex- 
 ceedingh- popular throughout the State at the 
 present time. 
 
 Mr. Church is an officer of many corporations. 
 Among others, he is a director of the American 
 Kxchange Bank, vice-president of the Wiggins 
 Ferry Company, vice-president of the Transfer 
 Railway Company, vice-president of the East 
 St. Louis Connecting Railway Company, and 
 is the legal counsel for the Wiggins Ferry Coiu- 
 ])any, one of the counsel of the bank of which 
 he is the director, and has had charge of his 
 mother's business interests ever since he luis 
 been a member of the bar. 
 
 He is a man of marked social tendencies, and 
 is very popular with everybody with whom he 
 comes in contact. He is therefore a member of 
 the following clubs and associations: St. Louis 
 Club, University Club, ^larquette Club, Mei can- 
 tile Clul), .St. Louis Fair Grounds Club, Bar 
 Association, and Law Library Association. Mr. 
 Church is unmarried. 
 
 Stark, Charles B., was born at Springfield, 
 Tennessee, June Li, l'S.")4. His parents were 
 Jo.seph C. and Lamiza .\nn ( Baird ) Stark. His 
 father "was an eminent law\er of Tennessee, ha\'- 
 ing been judge of the Tenth Judicial Circuit of 
 that State. He died on Marcli li, \>^'MK 
 
OLiA^ir 0. W/fiAAAcJiy 
 
niOCKAJ'llli ■. //. . \PPENniX. 
 
 Charles P>. was educated at tlie Cuniberlaiid 
 Uiii\ersit\ , at Lehanon, Tennessee. He read 
 law at Sprini^field, Tennessee, in the office of 
 Stark lS: Judd, the former being his father, and 
 tlie latter being subsequently appointed judge 
 of the .Supreme Court of Utah during the first 
 administration of President Cleveland, and being 
 now a resident of Salt Lake City and U. S. 
 district attorney for the Territory of Utah. The 
 subject of this sketch was admitted to the bar 
 lined in .Sjiringfield 
 
 .May --'7, ISTi;. Ht 
 until May 1, ISSO, 
 when he came to St. 
 Louis, and was ad- 
 mitted to practice in 
 the courts of this 
 cit\- and State, June 
 IL ISSO, and en- 
 tered upon the active 
 practice of his pro- 
 fession. During that 
 year he formed a 
 ])a rt nersh i ]) with 
 Ci 
 
 H. 
 
 Li 
 
 com I), wnicn comiu- 
 ued until Col. Lips- 
 comb removed to 
 Denver, Colorado, in 
 IHS-i. Mr.Starkthen 
 continued the prac- 
 tice ahviie until the 
 s])ringof b'^'.n , when 
 lie entered into part- 
 nershi]) w i t h Mr. 
 Walter!-. Mcluitire, 
 
 under the firm name of Stark & McEntire, which 
 continued for little more than a year. 
 
 In 1.S.S4 Mr. Stark began the preparation of 
 a digest of the reports of the Supreme Court of 
 Missouri and of the Courts of Appeals, and in 
 June, 1SS7, his digest was published under the 
 name of "Stark's .Missoviri Digest." It com- 
 prises three large volumes, and is a mo.st valu- 
 able addition to the law literature of this State. 
 This work was tlie result of three years of con- 
 tinuous labor, performed mostly at night, as he 
 did not permit it to interfere with his law bnsi- 
 
 CHARLES B. STARK. 
 
 ncss, which was c(jnstantly growing and required 
 nearly all of his attention. 
 
 He began it for the purpose of familiarizing 
 himself with the decisions of the Missouri 
 courts and having convenient a ready reference 
 to an authority upon any point of law he might 
 need in his daily practice, but the Gilbert Book 
 Company, the law book publishers, knowing of 
 Mr. Stark's plan of work and his method of 
 digesting decisions, induced him to prepare 
 his digest for publication, which he did, and 
 the result was the 
 most complete and 
 \aluable digest of the 
 decisions of the Su- 
 preme and Appellate 
 Courts of this State 
 that has ever been 
 ])ul)lished — a work 
 that furnishes the 
 strongest testimonial 
 of the indefatigable 
 industry and learn- 
 ing of its author, 
 who, though com- 
 paratively young in 
 his profession stands 
 high among the old- 
 est and most experi- 
 enced lawyers of 
 this city and State. 
 Injuly, I.SIM), Mr. 
 .Stark was elected 
 attorney for the Pub- 
 lic School Board, 
 served a term and was, by unanimous vote of 
 the board, re-elected. He still holds this position. 
 Mr. Stark is a prominent member of the Ma- 
 sonic ( )r(ler, having been High Priest of his 
 Chapter and Master of his Lodge; a member of 
 the Knights of Pythias and chairman of the 
 committee on appeals and grievances in the 
 (irand Lodge of Missouri, and he is also a mem- 
 ber of the Legion of Honor. 
 
 While he is not a politician in the jiopnlar 
 accejitation of the term, Mr. Stark takes a lively 
 interest in jjolitics. He is a Democrat, because 
 
OLD AXn NEW ST. LOCVS. 
 
 that party embodies in its principles what he 
 believes to be the sound and correct theory of 
 government; and his voice is raised in every 
 campaign for those reforms for which his party 
 stands. He is not a Democrat for what his 
 party can do for him, but he is a Democrat 
 for what he believes his party can and will do 
 for good government and a pure and honest ad- 
 ministration thereof. 
 
 Herkford, James Edward, is the son of 
 John R. and Mary (Cozens) Hereford, and was 
 born in St. Louis county, on January 29, 18(il. 
 He comes from a fainih' as old as the century in 
 St. Louis, and as creditably known as it is 
 old. His grandmother was born in St. Louis in 
 ISOO, and his mother was born in 1840, at the 
 corner of Seventh and Elm streets, and was 
 married in the same house. After receipt of 
 the advantages offered by the common schools 
 he entered St. Louis University, and graduated 
 therefrom in the class of 1880. 
 
 His ambition was to follow the law as a pro- 
 fession, and he therefore entered the law depart- 
 ment of Washington University, and in \>^X-2 
 graduated with the degree of LL.D., and by 
 St. Louis University was given the degree of 
 A.M. in the same year. On admission to the 
 bar he formed a partnership with W. W. Huff, 
 under the .style of Huff 6c Hereford, and im- 
 mediately commenced practice. The firm has 
 adopted the general civil branch of the law as 
 its field of practice, and gives special attention 
 within this to insurance law. They had charge 
 of the insurance feature of the Chambers' mui"- 
 der case, and wound up the affairs of the Mid- 
 land .\ccideut Insurance Company, besides 
 conducting to a successful ending a number of 
 other cases of more than ordinary importance. 
 
 The marked characteristics of Mr. Hereford 
 are his industry and analytical powers, charac- 
 teristics that are most necessary to any young 
 man who hopes to win as a lawyer. Mr. Here- 
 hm\ married Miss Emily Page, daughter of 
 John Y. Page and granddaughter of Judge Rob- 
 ert Wash of the Missouri Supreme bench. 
 They have si.\ children, all girls but one. 
 
 XORMILE, JAME.S Che.STER, when quite a 
 child came up the river from Louisiana with 
 his family, who founded Normanville, Kansas, 
 being among the first settlers of that section. 
 Losing his parents later, little Chester soon 
 acquired a fondness for the habits of his Indian 
 neighbors, and was rapidly developing into 
 a child of the forest when his oldest brother 
 captured him and shipped him down the ^lis- 
 sonri to St. Louis, on his wa}- to school at 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 After the usual preparatory training he en- 
 tered Georgetown University, from which he 
 graduated in US (>•"). He then became a student 
 of the Columbian College Law School, from 
 which he next graduated, and at once placed 
 himself under the guidance of Hon. O. H. 
 Browning, of Illinois, a leading practitioner in 
 the United States Supreme Court, which he re- 
 linquished to become a member of President 
 Johnson's Cabinet. Mr. Browning, who saw 
 the intellectual promise of his pupil, placed 
 liim in charge of the library of the Interior 
 I)e])artment. 
 
 This sinecure gave him leisure and opportu- 
 nity to gratify his thirst for literature. For 
 three and a half years he read with industry and 
 discrimination. He made himself familiar with 
 the best writers in English literature, in prose 
 and poetry, and formed that affluent and schol- 
 arly style that has since characterized his elo- 
 quence. In the spring of 18(iii he came to 
 vSt. Louis. At the outset he encountered the 
 struggles common to all young lawyers. He 
 determined to labor and wait, pursuing with 
 toilsome devotion his professional studies, and 
 finding sweet recreation from .severe work in the 
 delights of literature. He gradually gained 
 ground by extending acquaintance and inspiring 
 confidence. 
 
 It was the Fore case that brought out Xor- 
 mile. As Munson Beach was sitting, one smn- 
 mer evening, on his front steps, surrounded b\ 
 his family, Joseph H. Fore, his brother-in-law, 
 came up and, without a word, shot liim dead. 
 Xorniile, then an oljscure young law\er, was 
 euiraoed to defend Fore. He determined to 
 
lUiiCR. IPllIC. //, APPEXniX. 
 
 ;55;; 
 
 plead insanity. In the estimation of jnries, the 
 defense is an odions one, and in the hands of a 
 > oun<j lawyer, it is a dano^erous one. Norniile 
 knew tliat his only safety lay in a ])ei-fect nn- 
 deistandin.L^ of his case. 
 
 He studied insanity thoronghly and fnnda- 
 nientally, and when he took his seat at the 
 connsel table on Fore's trial, it hazards nothin^j 
 to say that no man in Mi.ssonri was more learned 
 on that snbject. The medical experts learned 
 t<} tear him, for by his merciless cross-examina- 
 tions he pnt do,i(\nat- 
 
 uid charlatanr 
 
 mu 
 
 In the 
 ..f the 
 
 jiresentii 
 
 testimony lie was 
 brillianth' snccess- 
 fnl, in his art;;n- 
 nient to the jnry he 
 was maj^nificent, and 
 I'nre was acquitted. 
 
 Xormile's abilit)' 
 was now recognized. 
 He was made cir- 
 cuit attorney in 
 1''^7l', and henceforth 
 his rise was rapid. 
 His abilit)- as a pros- 
 ecutor was conspicu- 
 ous. In 1.SX0 the 
 office of circuit at- 
 tnrne\' became \a- 
 cant by the death of 
 Mr. P.each, Xor- 
 mile's former assist- 
 ant. The jail was filled with desperate crim- 
 inals, and Crovernor Phelps was severe in the 
 enforcement of the law. He accordingly ])re- 
 \ailed upon Xormile to accept the vacancy, 
 which he filled for nearly two \ears. .\ learned 
 lawyer and ready forensic debater and orator, 
 he yet iirejiared his cases with the jiains of a 
 t\ni. .\lways his triumphs were bought 1)\- 
 toil, and his ])ath to jn'ofessional distinction was 
 steep and laborious. 
 
 In bSHIi he was elected judge of the Criminal 
 Court, whose jurisdiction is confined to the trial 
 23 
 
 JUDGE NORMI 
 
 of felonies. In LSHO he was re-elected for six 
 more years, although, unfortunately, he did not 
 live to complete the term, his career being cnt 
 short by death while he was in the prime of 
 life. 
 
 Judge Xormile was an orator. Justin Mc- 
 Carthy, the di.stinguished historian and critic, 
 pronounced him one of the finest he had ever 
 heard. He was able to delight and convince 
 his audience, and his style was elevated and 
 pure. By its occasional quotations, and by its 
 general flavor, it con- 
 stantly reminded one 
 of books. It was dig- 
 nified and rhetorical, 
 with occasional 
 flashes of wit and 
 irony, and his de- 
 scri lotions were fre- 
 cpient a n d always 
 splendid. In fact, 
 his eloquence, like 
 Moore's poetry, has 
 been criticized for 
 an excess of senti- 
 ment and imagery. 
 .\fter all, the .secret 
 of his power lay in 
 his intellectual 
 wealth. With the 
 most \aluable parts 
 of b'uglish literature 
 lie was not only ac- 
 tiuainted, but famil- 
 iarl\- and critical]) 
 acquainted. It took the world fifty years to 
 learn that Burke was not simply a great orator, 
 but was really the greatest political thinker of 
 the age. X'onnile was sometimes said to be 
 thought a mere rhetorician. The truth is that 
 his gorgeous rhetoric was but the co\ering of 
 strong thought. He was not ouK' a well-read 
 law\er, but an acute and powerful reasoner. It 
 is ])ro])er to add that the same exuberance of 
 thought and lofty and glowing diction, which 
 his public discourses e.xliibit, characterized his 
 conversation. Judge Xormile was of com- 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 inaiKlin<( stature and syimnetrical form. His 
 eve, his \-oice, his features, iu short, his phy- 
 sique, undoubted]}- contributed to his effective- 
 ness as a public speaker, and the public, as well 
 as the bench and bar, lost a handsome, as well 
 as a valuable and honest man when he breathed 
 his last. 
 
 McNair, Lilburn (t. — A worthy representa- 
 tive of an old and worthy family, a family closely 
 identified with the earlier history of this city, is 
 the subject of this sketch, who was born in St. 
 Louis, February 7, 18;Jt). He is the son of An- 
 toine de Reilhe and Cornelia McNair, and is 
 related through descent to the De Reilhes, one 
 of the most respected families of the old vSt. 
 Louis, while his paternal grandfather was Col. 
 Alexander McXair, who, although he lived in a 
 day of intellectual giants, was conspicuous for 
 his ability. He is noted as the first governor 
 of Missouri after it became a State. He was 
 a warm personal friend of President William 
 Henry Harrison, and came to St. Louis from 
 Pennsylvania in l.S()4. On his mother's side of 
 the house, the subject of this sketch is also 
 related, as a grand-nephew, to the first gov- 
 ernor of Ohio. His father, Antoine de R. Mc- 
 Nair, gave deep study to all improvements 
 affecting the navigation of our great rivers. \\\ 
 New York he became interested in se\-eral 
 practical inventions, many of which were 
 found of great use by Captain P^ads in building 
 his jetty sy.stem at New Orleans. He died in 
 l-S7;-i. Lilbnrn McNair's mother was a daughter 
 of Dr. Clayton Tiffin, one of St. Louis' earliest 
 physicians, and who was always reckoned as a 
 learned and able man and as a leading citizen 
 of his time. Mrs. :\IcNair's mother was, before 
 her marriage to Doctor Tifhn, a Miss Jarrot, a 
 family name that frequently occurs in the his- 
 tory of the city. It will thus be seen that Mr. 
 McNair combines in himself the blood of several 
 of the oldest and best families of St. Louis, and 
 with such an inheritance of good blood his high 
 character and ability are altogether natural 
 acquirements. 
 
 Young Lill)uru atlcuded tlu- public scliools of 
 
 St. Louis, but did not extend his education be- 
 voud the counnon school liranches, as owing tc 
 re\'erses which befell his father he was com- 
 pelled to quit school and begin the task of earn- 
 ing his own living. He began work as a mes- 
 senger for the Kansas Pacific Railroad, in thf 
 office of the treasurer, Carlos S. Greeley. Il 
 should be mentioned here that at the age of six- 
 teen, having been intended for a naval career 
 he successfully passed the examination, bul 
 never took advantage of the appointment or 
 account of a lack of means, continuing in th« 
 service of the railroad company instead. Fo; 
 some time after accepting this situation Ik 
 attended night school, where he diligenth 
 applied himself to increasing his store o 
 knowledge. His natural quickness and menta 
 endowments also served him to good advantagt 
 in the railroad office, qualities that met witl 
 recognition from the officials of the coiiipan\- 
 for at the age of twenty-two he was appointee 
 the local treasurer and pay-master of the road, ; 
 position he filled for several years with grea 
 satisfaction to his employers. 
 
 hi 1880 he resigned his position with th< 
 Kansas Pacific,' formed a partnership witl 
 Charles F. Tracy, Jr., and under the firm naun 
 of McNair «S: Tracy opened a brokerage office 
 After a time this partnership was dissohed 
 and Mr. McNair conducted the business alone 
 As showing his thorough-going enterprise anc 
 progressiveness, it should be stated that he wa: 
 the first man west of the Mississippi to establisl 
 a private wire connecting St. Louis with Chicagt 
 and New York. 
 
 A few years ago he was strongly urged by in 
 terested New York, Philadelphia and St. Loui: 
 people to accept the presidency of the Kansa: 
 City P^le\-ated Railway and Tunnel Company 
 in which they had iu\-ested about two million: 
 of dollars, with the view of working it out. I 
 is said he accepted largely on personal grounds 
 and against his better judgment, but with tin 
 distinct understanding that the capitalists inter 
 ested would back his judgment. 
 
 His vigorous management soon made a \-as 
 difference in the earnings, both gross and net 
 
=^^"-"■'-'3' 
 
IU( m;R.\ Pint AL APPENDIX. 
 
 of tlie s>-stem. He was Ijolcl enough in one in- 
 stance, finding a railroad using the terminals at 
 insutficient rentals, to order the lease canceled, 
 and took his chances on the tht-nry that ]iosses- 
 sion was nine pointsin the law, and that he would 
 not (111 an unprofitable business. It is well to 
 nuMUidU here that the railroad in question found 
 it l)etter to make a new contract at a higher 
 rate than to continue in the courts indefinitel)'. 
 Mr. McNair's legal advisers were the late Judge 
 John P. Usher, Mr. Lincoln's Secretary of the 
 Interior, and Major Wni. Warner. 
 
 Of recent years Mr. IMcNair has drifted prin- 
 ci])ally into the line of promoting various enter- 
 ])rises, mostly steam and street railways. He 
 has negotiated some of the biggest transac- 
 tions in this line that have taken place, among 
 which might be mentioned the Olive street rail- 
 way deal. His probity and unquestioned honest\- 
 are universally recognized and appreciated, and 
 although a young man he is freqnenth- called 
 upon to act as trustee, and as such has often had 
 control of vast amounts of capital and property, 
 esiiecialh- in the reorganization of railroads. 
 
 Like all men who develop a talent for business 
 management. Mr. McNair has been called upon 
 to associate himself with a variety of undertak- 
 ings. He is a director of the Mississipi)i \'alle\- 
 Trust Company; on the executive committee 
 of the Union Casualty and Surety Company; 
 a director of various branch lines of our great 
 railway .systems, and is president of the Little 
 Wabash Railroad, now in courseof constrnctiun, 
 and which is intended as a connecting link 
 between the Wabash and L. X: X. railroads, and 
 gives another route from Chicago to the (".ulf, 
 besides a large number of street railwaxs and 
 land and investment companies. 
 
 Mr. .McXair is one of the society leaders of 
 .St. Louis, and is \er\- i)o]nilar in everx- circle in 
 which he is known. He is an enthusiastic club- 
 man, and is a niemher of the St. Louis, Univer- 
 sii\, .Marcjuette, Jockey and other clul)s, and 
 \\,i> a member of the Elks during the existence 
 of that order; he is chairman of the house 
 connnittee of the University, is a nunihrr of 
 the board of governors of the Jock e_\- Club, and 
 
 is also on one of the important committees of 
 the St. Louis Club. In politics Mr. McNair 
 has inherited the principles of his ancestors, 
 and is a Democrat. He was married to Miss 
 Minerva Primm, daughter of Alexander T. 
 Prinim, of this city, on January 2.'), LSilo. 
 
 NiDELET, JAME.S C, M.D., is descended from 
 some of the most noted pioneer families of Mis- 
 souri. His grandfather. General Bernard Pratte, 
 was born in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri, and was 
 educated at the Sulpitian College, Montreal, Can- 
 ada, and returning to St. Louis, married Eniilie 
 I. Labadie, a native of the town, and daughter 
 of Sylvester Labadie and Pelagic Chouteau. 
 His father, Stephen F. Nidelet, of French ex- 
 traction and a native of San Domingo, arrived in 
 Philadelphia when only se\en years old, and 
 ultimately became a mem])er of the prominent 
 silk house of Chajiron iS: Xidelet. While \isit- 
 ing St. Louis he met and married, on August 
 12, 182(i, Celeste F^., daughter of the Creneral 
 Pratte above mentioned. He returned with his 
 wife to Philadelphia, where, on the ir)th of 
 January, 1834, James C. Nidelet was born. 
 
 Young Nidelet acquired his early education in 
 Philadelphia, at the classical school of John D. 
 Bryant, a famous instructor in that cit\-. In 
 1H44 he was taken by his j^arents to St. Louis, 
 where his father spent the rest of his life, dying 
 in 1 ><.")•). after having won the respect of a large 
 circle of friends. His widow is yet living, a 
 sprightly and well-preserved lady of eighty- 
 three years. In her da\- she was one of the 
 belles of St. Louis, and, des])ite the lapse of 
 \ears, her recollections of jMoneer times are \ery 
 distinct and interesting. 
 
 James C. Nidelet attended the vSt. Louis I'ni- 
 \ersity for a vear or two, and in 1S47 and l!^4.s 
 St. Marv's College, F^mmittsbnrg, Maryland. 
 In lS4'.i he entered vSt. Louis University again, 
 and s])ent fi\'e years there, but left in IS;");;, while 
 on the point of graduating. He then prepared 
 for the military academy at West Point, but 
 failing to receive an ai)i)ointnient as cadet, on 
 account of the accident to Congressman John I"'. 
 l)arl)\ , who became paralyzed, he immediately 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 applied liiiiiself to the study of medicine. His first 
 tuition was obtained in tlie practical experience 
 of a drug store, and for three years he was em- 
 ployed in the well-known houses of Bacon, Hyde 
 & Company, and Barnard, Adams & Company. 
 He then attended the St. Louis Medical College, 
 under Dr. C. A. Pope, and the Missouri Medical 
 College, under Dr. Joseph N. McDowell. He 
 graduated in l.S(!0, and began the practice of 
 medicine. 
 
 In December, IXiil, he joined the Confederate 
 armv and served as chief surgeon under Generals 
 Price, Maury and Forney, in the Army of East 
 Tennessee and Mississippi. During the last 
 year of the war he was transferred to the Trans- 
 Mississippi Department. His service embraced 
 four years of desperate and bloody warfare, and 
 he was in every engagement in which his army 
 corps participated. Among the most memorable 
 of these conflicts may be mentioned those attend- 
 ing the capture of Vicksburg, and the sangui- 
 nary fields of Corinth, Big Black, luka, and the 
 famous retreat from Hatchie. 
 
 During all this period of exposure to the 
 dangers and privations incident to the war, 
 Doctor Nidelet was never wounded and never 
 lost a day from sickness, his splendid constitu- 
 tion carrying him safely through the trials to 
 whicli weaker natures would have succumbed. 
 He was always to be found where the danger 
 was greatest, and where there was the great- 
 est need for the prompt assistance of the surgeon. 
 His composure amid the storms of shot and 
 shell and the awful distractions of the battle-field 
 was proverbial, and repeatedly won tlie com- 
 mendation of his superiors. 
 
 Frequently, with the din of conflict raging 
 about him, he performed operations that would 
 have made many a hospital practitioner famous. 
 His four years' service in the war gave him a 
 practically unlimited experience in every branch 
 of surgery, especially that appertaining to the 
 treatment of gunshot wounds, and in Julv, DSC"), 
 he returned to St. Louis, rich in knowledge of 
 the surgeons' art, but extremely poor in purse. 
 The " Drake Constitution," which was then in 
 force, forbade him to practice medicine, because 
 
 he could not take the oath, and at one time 
 while struggling against adverse fortune, he wa; 
 on the point of leaving for the Pacific Coast. 
 
 During the winter of 18(i5-(i(i, however, h( 
 formed an engagement with his old Alma IVIater 
 the Missouri Medical College, and assisted ii 
 gathering the scattered faculty together onc( 
 more. In the winter of 18(i(i-67 the college wa; 
 reopened, and as professor of anatomy he wa 
 for four or five years engaged in his fa\-oriti 
 pursuit of teaching medicine. He had largi 
 classes, and contributed materially toward 
 bringing the historic old institution into popnla 
 favor again. He then engaged in private prac 
 tice of medicine with distinguished success. 
 
 In lS7.">-7() Doctor Nidelet was appointe( 
 police connnissioner, and for two of the fou 
 years of his term was vice-president of the board 
 He signalized his administration by a determinei 
 effort to suppress the lottery business, whicl 
 then flourished without let or hindrance i: 
 St. Louis, and such success crowned his labor 
 that more than fifty dealers were convicted an 
 fined. As a consequence he incurred the hoh 
 tilit\' of the "lottery ring," and charges of coi 
 ruption were made against him. His indict 
 ment was sought at the hands of several succes 
 sive juries, but he was accorded a most search 
 ing investigation, which resulted in the ntte 
 failure of his enemies to make even a plausilil 
 case of official misconduct against him. 
 
 The following estimate of Doctor Nidelet' 
 standing as a physician and surgeon is furnishe 
 b\- a gentleman who has known him from a bo) 
 was several years intimately associated wit 
 him, and is familiar with his professional careei 
 
 "Dr. Nidelet is a good physician in ever 
 sense of the word, being thoroughh' and scienti: 
 icallv educated for his profession. His succes 
 has been as great as that of any practitioner c 
 his vears in St. Louis, and he has a very larg 
 and growing patronage. His judgment is accv 
 rate, and in the diagnosis of diseases and in th 
 selection of suitable remedies he is distinguishec 
 I cannot say that he has any specialty, but h 
 strikes me as being a fine s]iecinien of the syn 
 metricalh-de\eloped doctor. 
 
-Zy{^6^ 
 
/?/( XlRAPHfCAf. A PPEXn/X. 
 
 ?>:u 
 
 I'll ill Polk 
 
 1 is a s.iii 
 
 . Lt'wis siJiaiii^^ iroiii 
 
 ancestors on both 
 
 'f J' 
 
 I.i-.wis, JAMKS M., was 1). 
 'IVniR-ssc't.-, May :;, ls:,7, an 
 A. ami Susan J. Lewis. .Mi 
 Scotch-Irisli stock, and hi: 
 sides were among the earliest settlers of \'ir- 
 trinia, and were patriots and soldiers in the rev- 
 olutionary war and the war of 1S12, one of 
 them, General Andrew Lewis, having won great 
 (listiiictit)ii in the re\olutionar\- war. 
 
 Mr. Lewis was l)rought up and educated in 
 the eastern part of his natix'e State, celebrated 
 for its grand scenery, 
 and among ]ieoiile 
 noted for their in- 
 dustry, i u t e 1 1 i - 
 gence and integrity, 
 and came to St. Louis 
 in Januar)", lf>7(), 
 and pursued his law 
 studies in the ofhce 
 of Hon. John B. 
 Menderson, formerly 
 a United States Sen- 
 ator, and recognized 
 as one of the lead- 
 ing lawyers in the 
 United States. Mr. 
 Lewis was admitted 
 
 dght years of age, 
 argued an impor- 
 Sujireme Court of 
 
 al career was distiu 
 the position taken b\ 
 
 thi 
 
 in Mav 7 
 lays afte 
 celebratt 
 .\- first 1 
 
 JAMtS M. LEWIS 
 
 adi 
 
 moved to Louisiana, Pike county, this vState, 
 and began the practice of the law. He remained 
 there for about two years and a half, returning 
 to St. Louis in the spring of ISSI. 
 
 He then became associated in the practice 
 with I{\-Senator Henderson. The business of 
 the ririii was largely confined to cases in the 
 United States courts and extended throughout 
 the Western States. On Oeneral Henderson's 
 removal to Washington City, in ISS."), he formed 
 a partnership with ^Latthew('.. Rexuolds, under 
 the linn name of Reynolds & Lewis. 
 
 Mr. Lewis was enrolled 
 tant railroad bond case ii 
 the United States. 
 
 Mr. Lewis' professioi 
 guished very recently by 
 him in the land suit of Hammond vs. Johnston, 
 involving o\-er two millions of dollars, the case 
 being decided on December 14, l.s;tl, by the Su- 
 preme Court of the I'nited vStates. His theory 
 of the case was adopted b\- the Supreme Court, 
 and he won to a 
 successful issue for 
 his client one of the 
 most noted and hard- 
 fought land cases 
 e\-er brought before 
 the courts of ]\Iis- 
 souri. 
 
 At a meeting of 
 the American Bar 
 Association at Sara- 
 toga .Springs, Xew 
 York, in LSSIO, he 
 was elected vice- 
 president of the as- 
 sociation, and was 
 re-elected in August, 
 1S!M, at Boston, 
 Massachusetts. I u 
 March, ISMI, Mr. 
 Lewis was commis- 
 "sioned by (ioxenior 
 Francis judge-ad- 
 \ocate- general of 
 the Xational Guard of Missouri, with the rank 
 of brigadier-general. IMr. Lewis is a Democrat 
 ill his political affiliations, and although ab- 
 .sorbed with professional duties, as a campaign 
 
 speaker he has d( 
 and unselfish laboi 
 ciples he firiuK' be 
 
 lor tl 
 
 isl 
 
 wl 
 
 )t earnest 
 
 K.sTKi', Thoma.s p.., sou of 
 ( Anderson ) Ksteji, was l)orii 
 in the .State of ( )hio, January 
 educated in the public schoo 
 
 IS.-.l. He was 
 near his home, 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 and at the age of se\'enteen went to Franklin 
 College, New Athens, Ohio, where he studied 
 for four years, and for the next three years he 
 taught school, studying law the meanwhile 
 with his relative, J. M. Estep. Then desiring 
 to enter the legal profession he went to Colum- 
 bus, where he was admitted to the bar in 1X7^, 
 and at once commenced practicing. In IS?:', 
 young Mr. Estep came to St. Louis. His abil- 
 ities as an advocate at once attracted attention 
 and he soon found himself a busy and popular 
 professional man. Grasping the salient features 
 of a case promptly, and the way he has fought 
 up-hill battles has made him famous. Among 
 the manv trials with which he has been con- 
 nected, the Anderson murder case may be cited, 
 his advocacy iu that trial having been excep- 
 tionally brilliant even for him. He is now, at 
 the age of forty-one, looked upon as one of the 
 most brilliant criminal lawyers of the West, and 
 his elevation to the bench at an early date is 
 regarded as a matter of course by his many 
 friends and even by his political opponents. 
 
 In 18110 Mr. Estep was persuaded to ask for 
 the nomination as assistant prosecuting at- 
 torney, and the local Democracy was only too 
 ready to show its appreciation of his lo}-alty 
 to the part}-. His election was looked upon as 
 a matter of course, although it was expected 
 that the two parties would run very close in 
 most of the contests. When it was announced 
 that "Tom Estep" had been elected by the 
 largest majority evef secured, congratulations 
 came from every quarter. 
 
 Mr. Estep married, in the year ISS:^, Miss 
 Mamie Ellard, daughter of Mr. Joseph b:ilard of 
 this city. He has one son, William. 
 
 LiNi)Si,i'',v, \)v, CouRCi'.v B., son of A. B. and 
 Sarah J. (Jamesson) Lindsley, was born iu 18;}(), 
 at Round Hill, in Fairfa.x county, Virginia, on 
 an estate adjoining Mount \'ernon, and which 
 was purchased of Washington. His parents 
 moved to the national capital when he was 
 young, and it was at Washington that young 
 lyindsley rccei\ed a connnon school education. 
 At the age of sexcnteen he came west, locating 
 
 at Burlington, Iowa, obtaining a ])osition as a 
 clerk in a general store. From Burlington he 
 mo\-ed to Frankford, Pike county, Missouri, 
 where he clerked in a country store, remainins 
 until l.S.Vl 
 
 In that }ear he moved to St. Eouis, iu whicli 
 city he has resided ever since. He commenced 
 work in the wholesale establishment of E. C. 
 Yosti, on Main street. In 1854 the name of the 
 firm was changed to Yosti &. Shields, and on 
 November 1, 18;');"), Mr. Yosti was killed in the 
 unfortunate Gasconade calamity, and Mr. Join: 
 R. Lionberger, of Boonville, Missouri, becoming 
 associated with Mr. Shields, the firm became 
 Lionberger & Shields. Not long after, .Mr. 
 Lionberger became sole proprietor of the estab- 
 lishment, which was conducted under his name. 
 Mr. Lindsley continued with the house as travel- 
 ing salesman throughout all these changes. Or 
 January 1, 18(j3, Mr. William C. Orr purchaser 
 an interest in the business, ]\Ir. Lionberger gave 
 Mr. Lindsle\- an interest in consideration of hij 
 services, and the firm name was once more 
 changed, this time to John R. Lionberger & 
 Company. Through all these changes IMr. 
 Lindsley continued to take a very active pari 
 in the business, and his sound judgment anc 
 ceaseless acti\ity had their influence. 
 
 Four vears later Mr. Lionberger was electee 
 president of the Third National Bank, where- 
 upon he sold his interest in the shoe business tc 
 his partners, and the firm name became Orr & 
 Lindsley. ( )n January 1, LSSU, they incorpo- 
 rated under the laws of the State. On the 
 incorporation of the ( )rr ^ Lindsley Shoe Com- 
 ]ian\-, Mr. William C. ( )rr became president 
 Mr. Lindsley, vice-president; and on the death o 
 Mr. William C. Orr in 1888, Mr. Lindsle> wa> 
 elected jiresident, with Mr. W'. A. Orr as vice- 
 ])resident. 
 
 Mr. Lindsley married in November, Im;;'., 
 .Miss Fannv .M. .\nderson. He has four chil- 
 dren — (iuy Lindsle\-, now very popular in tlu 
 theatrical profession; Dr. De Courcey B., win 
 is practicing dentistry in this city; .Vubrey C, 
 who is attending Rugb\ .Vcadcmy; and out 
 daughter, Mae Lindslev. 
 
lilOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 a59 
 
 ( )n Decfinht 
 (if business, ai 
 pany ceased t' 
 had well earned nian\ 
 
 1, ISItl 
 the Or 
 exist 
 
 Mr. Lindsley went out 
 ,X: Lindsley Sluie Com- 
 as such. Mr. Lindsley 
 ears of rest and quietness; 
 
 hut only a few were permitted, for on December 
 •s, l.s'i;}, he died, regretted by an army of friends 
 and to the deep sorrow of his family. He was 
 aged sixty-three years and ten months. 
 
 ( )TTOFV, L. Frank, son of Leopold and 
 Louisa (Lanffer) ( )ttofy, was born in I^udapest, 
 Hungary, September 
 ."i, l.stil. He was ed- 
 ucated in his nati\e 
 C()untr\- until thir- 
 teen years of age, 
 when he came to 
 .\merica and attend- 
 ed public schools in 
 Cincinnati and vSt. 
 Louis. He made 
 rapid jirogress with 
 his studies, and 
 showing a distinct 
 aptitude for the legal 
 ])rolession, decided 
 to study law and ac- 
 cordingly entered 
 the St. Ivouis I^aw 
 .School where he 
 graduated with the 
 degree of LL.I5. 
 
 He was admitted 
 to the bar on June 
 i:i, 1.SS2, before he 
 
 he had attained his niajorit>-. He at once com- 
 nunced the practice of law, and on Mr. James 
 L. Carlisle resuming practice in vSeptember, 
 I'^^iM, a co[)artnershi]) was formed and the law 
 lirui of Carlisle v\; Ottofv become among the 
 best known in tlu- cit\'. 
 
 Mr. ()tlof\- married in October, 1 Sll L Sarah 
 11. Sitlingtoii, of Columbia. This faniilx- in- 
 cludes a step-daughter named Bessie Sitlington, 
 aged seven years, and a .son named for his law 
 partner, James Carlisle, who was born .\.pril :!, 
 isii;;. 
 
 He is an exceptionalh- able and bright law- 
 \er l)ut little over thirt>" years of age, and it is 
 the opinion of the legal profession that an luino'. - 
 able judicial career is before him. .\ man who 
 commences practicing law before he is twenty-one 
 years of age; and who, by the time he is thirt\-, 
 is looked upon by the profession generally as 
 an expert, can hardly fail to be called upon to 
 serve his city or State on the bench. 
 
 He is a member of Occidental lyodge. No. 
 lfi;5, A. F. & .\. ^L, and Royal Arch Chapter, 
 Xo. iS; also of the 
 Ro\al Arcanum, A. 
 O. U.W., and Order 
 of F^astern Star, and 
 the Mercantile Club. 
 Although a member 
 of these organiza- 
 tions he is domestic 
 in his habits, and a 
 consistent member 
 of the M. E. Church 
 South. 
 
 Mr. Ottofy maybe 
 descrilied as a very 
 representative mem- 
 ber of the \ounger 
 class (_)f lawyers who 
 are forcing their 
 way to the front 
 and making their 
 influence felt in a 
 ver\' consjiicuous 
 and im]iortant man- 
 ner at the bar. 
 ui.i.v, TII()^rA,s, .M.D. — The subject of 
 moir was born in \'irginia,C<)unt\- Ca\'an, 
 li day of b'ebruary, 1.S27. 
 eel descendants of the most 
 ace who, thvcnigh the vicis- 
 ncidental to the civil wars 
 id his successors, retained 
 the sacrifice of 
 
 HKANK OTTOFY. 
 
 ( ) 
 
 tins memoir was bo 
 Ireland, on the 11 
 His parents were d 
 ancient of the Irisl 
 situdes of fortune 
 under Cromwell i 
 their social respectabilit 
 their vast estates. 
 
 They had, however, the foresight 
 that a good education was the uk 
 dowry they could bestow upon their 
 
 :ertain 
 ildren. 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUS. 
 
 and tlic\- luul the i^ood fortune to live and enjoy 
 the satisfaction of seeing their wisdom verified. 
 
 At an early age the Doctor developed great 
 precocity of genins. Before he was twelve years 
 of age he had read and translated Ovid, Virgil, 
 Salnst, Horace, Livy and Cicero in Latin; the 
 New Testament, Lncian, Homer and Xenophon 
 in Greek, and fulh' comprehended algebra and 
 geometry. Relying on his ability to pass the 
 preliminary examination required before enter- 
 ing a medical school, he presented himself be- 
 fore the court of examiners of the Apothecary's 
 Hall, Dublin, Ireland, and pa.ssed with honor, 
 though he had not quite attained his thirteenth 
 year. This enabled him to commence the study 
 of his profession, which he did immediately by 
 entering a drug store, where he obtained a 
 thorough knowledge of drugs, their composition 
 and uses. 
 
 He then became assistant to the celebrated 
 Dr. John h'rancis Purcell, of Carrick-on-vSuir, 
 Ireland, under whom he had \-ast experience, 
 both in the fever hospital, and in the hosjMtal 
 of the Carrick-on-Suir Union Work House. 
 
 Dr. Purcell accompanied the Earl of Bissbor- 
 ough to Dublin, when the latter was created 
 lord-lieutenant of Ireland, and Dr. O'Reilly 
 followed them. In Dublin he continued the 
 stud)- of his profession at the Meath Hospital 
 and Original School of Medicine. In the for- 
 mer place he soon obtained the position of as- 
 sistant clinical clerk, and by assiduity and care 
 was advanced to the higher grade of chief clin- 
 ical clerk under the celebrated Doctor Stokes 
 and Sir Philips Crampton, father of the Cramp- 
 ton who for many years was British minister to 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 At this time his duties were most onerous and 
 trying. The great famine of lX4:)-'4(;-'47-'4S, 
 prevailed. Destitution, poverty and death were 
 every where over the unfortunate country to such 
 an e.xtent as to excite the commiseration of the 
 civilized world, and from no place did Ireland 
 receive aid e(|ual to the practical efforts of the 
 people of the United States, whose opportune 
 relief went a long way towards alleviating the 
 mental, if not corimral, miserv of the Irish 
 
 people in those years. All the hospitals in Ire- 
 land were charnel houses of sickness and death, 
 and the French government desirous of advanc- 
 ing medical science by settling the disputed 
 point as to the difference between typhus and 
 typhoid fevers, sent a commission of medical 
 men to Ireland so that they could carefulh' 
 examine this disease when it was so pre\alent, 
 and report to the French Academy of Medicine. 
 
 To this commission Doctor O'Reilly was ap- 
 pointed anatouiist, but scarcely had they entered 
 on their duties as commissioners before each 
 member was prostrated by ty])hus fever, and of 
 their number one member. Dr. John 01i\-er Cur- 
 ran, died. This broke up the commission, as 
 the other members, after a most tedious reco\-- 
 ery, returned to France, too enervated and fee- 
 ble to resume their duties. In the spring of 
 1«48 the breaking out of the French Revolution 
 electrified all Europe and unsettled the minds of 
 all the students, who had an ardent aspiration 
 for the liberties of mankind, and who, luuiug 
 witnessed the misgovernment by which so many 
 perished in Ireland, hoped to change that go\-- 
 erumeut. 
 
 The Dublin students were no exception to this 
 excitement, as almost all of them were enthusi- 
 astic young Irelanders, and Dr. O'Reilly, 
 desirous of making himself as useful as possil)le 
 in this cause, threw up his Dublin appointments 
 and proceeded to Carrick-on-Suir, which was the 
 center of the young Ireland movement at that 
 time. Here he remained, awaiting any efforts 
 that might be made by men determined to sacri- 
 fice themselves for the sake of their unfortunate 
 countr\-, until the fiasco at Ballingarry satisfied 
 him that all chances of a successful insurrection 
 were at an eiul. With a heart bowed down with 
 scenes of human misery for which there seemed 
 to be no relief, he returned to Dublin to finish 
 his medical education, so as to be in a condition 
 to lea\e behind him Ireland and her sorrow. 
 
 In June, 1S49, after taking out his diploma in 
 the College of vSnrgeons, he eni1)arked for the 
 I'nited States with the hope that the sea wtnild 
 separate him from the companioushi]-) of suffer- 
 ing which attended him during the iireceding 
 
TtUo-i^^^^ (fy^^^ ?^i2>. 
 
nn icii. \riin : //, . //vaavva'. 
 
 8r,i 
 
 ]icriods of his life. Ho\ve\'er, he was disap- 
 pointed, for in mid-oceau cliolera made its 
 appearance anion.<;st the crew of thirty men, and 
 in less than ei^ht hours six of them were con- 
 siL^Mied to a watery jj^rave. The captain was 
 panic-stricken, as he thought there would not 
 be a seaman left lo work the \-essel; but fortu- 
 nately the remainder were spared. It then 
 attacked the poor emigrants, of whom between 
 six and seven hundred were on board, and in 
 ten days prostrated one hundred and twenty-five 
 of them. 
 
 The ship was a perfect (lolgotha, as all on 
 board were more or less sick and awaited their 
 end with melaucholv resignation. Yet a curious 
 incident connected with this voyage was that all 
 sickness ceased as suddenly as it had broken out 
 when the ship entered the Gulf stream; so that 
 when she arrived in New York not a case of 
 sickness was on board. The history of this 
 voyage created a profound sensation in Xew 
 Yc)rk, and the papers for several days were filled 
 with detailed accounts of it; nor were the jias- 
 sengers, now that danger had ])assed, unmindful 
 of the obligations due to the Doctor, who, with 
 most inadequate means, was unceasing in his 
 efforts, both night and day, to lessen their suffer- 
 ing and save their lives. They presented him 
 with a well-filled purse and a most flattering 
 address of thanks, which, with the notorietv 
 recei\'ed from all the Xew York ])apers, would 
 have enabled him to enter on a large practice 
 there; but as a near relative, Count Alexander 
 O'Reilly, had been the first governor of Louis- 
 iana, under .Spanish rule in ITliS, he had an 
 anxious desire to see a country whose early 
 liislory had been framed by his ancestors. 
 When he arri\'ed in .St. Louis he found him- 
 self without an acquaintance and without monew 
 so there was no alternative but to remain here. 
 Rilying on the appreciation of a generous 
 jiublic, he placed himself at their service bv 
 attending so stricth' to his ])rofessioual duties 
 that for a period of ele\en years he ne\-er lost a 
 week from his office. lie then revisited his 
 nalixe land, and while there realized that ei\-il 
 war was inevitable in the United .Stales, so he 
 
 returned, to learn off Nantucket light-shi]i that 
 Fort Sumpter had been captured by the Confed- 
 erates. Belie\ing that the overthrow of this 
 government would be a calamity to the human 
 race, he hurried on to St. Louis, where he found 
 the Confederate flag floating and many of his 
 conntrxiuen in arms ready to support it. 
 
 He arri\ed in the cit)- at noon, and the livcii- 
 iiig lutclligcmcr of that da}- contained a strong 
 address to American citizens, asking them to 
 consider the consequences of overthrowing a 
 government of whose existence, except for its 
 beneficence, they to that time were unconscious. 
 The effect of this was to set many of them 
 thinking who unwittingly had joined the Con- 
 federate cause. During the war he placed him- 
 .self at the disposal of the CTOvernment for anfc 
 duty required of him, and was employed in many 
 important missions. When the war was over 
 he commenced the agitation for the establish- 
 ment of a series of public parks around the cit\' 
 limits, which at tliat time extended only six 
 hundred feet west of (rraud a\'enne. His per- 
 sonal persuasion induced the late Mr. .Shaw to 
 donate Tower tn'ove Park, one of the first of 
 this park system, which now adorns our city; 
 and he was among.st the first of the commission- 
 ers appointed to lay out Forest Park. 
 
 During the last ten years he has been acti\elv 
 engaged in supporting the cause of tlie Irish 
 people in their efforts to obtain home rule, and 
 has l)een unremittingly engaged in his profes- 
 sional practice. He has written some medical 
 papers which were very generally copied by the 
 journals. One was the " Beneficial Influence of 
 Tobacco as an .\ntidote for Strychnine Poison- 
 ing;" second, "The Influence of Rest and Rec- 
 reation as a Cure for Ner\-ous Prostration." 
 
 The last one was on hygiene. Dr. ()"Reill\ 
 is still engaged in active practice, with a clear 
 mind and keen conception, so that it is lo be 
 hojjed that he will leave behind him a work de- 
 scri])ti\-e of his \-ast ex])erience and deserving of 
 a i)lace in the medical lileralure of the age. 
 During the time he acted as chief clinical clerk 
 in the Meath Hosjutal, the death of Clarence 
 Mangan, the greatest of modern Irish poets. 
 
802 
 
 OLD AND XFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 took place in tliat institution. This event 1)ein.a; 
 now clouded in obscurity, has led to mistakes on 
 the part of his modern biooraphers as to the con- 
 ditions of his last end. How Mangan entered 
 the hospital, Dr. O'Reilly cannot say, as he has 
 only his memory to rely on, but he presumes 
 that it was as an ordinary patient, for on the 
 morning after, Dr. Stokes recognized him 
 amongst the other patients of the public ward, 
 and ordered him removed to a private one where, 
 at Dr. Stokes' expense, everything that could ren- 
 der his last days comfortable was bestowed upon 
 him. His phvsical and mental condition were 
 weak, so that he could little realize the tender 
 care with which he was nursed, both by physi- 
 cians and students, and he passed away some 
 tJine in either May or June of l.S4!». 
 
 Okkick, JOHX Cromwki.i,, nuu' be described 
 without flatterv as one of the most able lawyers 
 in the West and as one of the most influential 
 and reliable citizens of St. lyouis. Although 
 not yet fifty-four years of age, he has had charge 
 of interests involving millions of dollars, and 
 his zeal on behalf of his clients has resulted in 
 saving immense sums of money to them. 
 
 It is specially gratifying to note that Mr. 
 Orrick is a Missouri man, ha\iug been born at 
 St. Charles, on October _'.'), 1.S4(). His father, 
 John Orrick, was a Virginian, belonging to the 
 famous Pendleton family of the Old Dominit)n. 
 He moved to ^Missouri in 1834, and ten years 
 later was sent to the State Legislature by St. 
 Charles county as a Whig, although the count\- 
 was regarded as safeh' Democratic. Mrs. John 
 Orrick w^as formerly ]\Iiss Urilla vStouetraker. 
 She was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, whither 
 her family had removed from Pennsylvania, in 
 which State their ancestors had settled at a 
 remote period. 
 
 Mr. Orrick, the subject of this sketch, received 
 a thorough literary education, the foundation of 
 which was laid at tlie Avondale Academy, and 
 completed at the St. Charles College, graduating 
 from that institution in the class of 1859. He 
 then took the law course in the law school of 
 Harvard College, graduating in the class of 
 
 I'Sfif, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He 
 then returned to St. Charles and commenced the 
 practice of law in the office of Mr. Thomas W. 
 Cunningham. 
 
 His legal career was, however, interrupted at 
 the outset by the war. He espoused the cause 
 of the Union and set himself to work to organize 
 a military company, which was placed under the 
 command of Colonel Arnold Krekel. For two 
 years he himself served as captain under Gen- 
 eral Lewis Merrill, in North Missouri. In 18(;;{ 
 he was appointed counselor for the North Mis- 
 souri Railway- Compau}-, now known as the 
 Wabash & .St. Louis, and he held this position 
 for nine vears. In the same vear he was ap- 
 pointed Ijy (iovernor Gamble, United States 
 district attorney for the Nineteenth Judicial 
 District, to fill the unexpired term caused by the 
 resignation of Mr. W. W. Kdwards. He was 
 elected for another term in lS(i4, but resigned 
 after two years, in order to become a candidate 
 on the Republican side to represent St. Charles 
 county in the Legislature. He served for two 
 terms, and in 18<>8 was elected speaker, being 
 the youngest man ever to occupy the chair. He 
 pro\-ed an able parliamentarian and a ver\- 
 impartial presiding officer, and although he was 
 the youngest speaker Missouri has ever seen, he 
 was certainly one of the'best. 
 
 The very difficult question of dealing with the 
 former secessionists came up for settlement, and 
 there was a great divergency of opinion among 
 prominent politicians as to the course to be 
 adopted. ;\Ir. Orrick, then speaker, advocated 
 the remo\-al of disabilities from those disfran- 
 chised. It is well known that he was largely 
 responsible for the drafting and submission of 
 the amendment to the constitution, dealing with 
 the jiroblem in a liberal and large-hearted man- 
 ner, which enfranchised the rel)els and their 
 symjjathizers. 
 
 Public feeling ran high at the time, and .Mr. 
 ( )rrick, who had offered a resolution in thisdirec- 
 tion in the Republican caucus and secured its 
 adoption, ran the gauntlet of a great deal of 
 l)itter criticism; but he recognized that the 
 amendments would, if adopted, cause the .State 
 
y^L^Mi^J:^ 
 
nior.R.irHK al appendix. 
 
 863 
 
 to lea]) forwanl more lliaii a oeneratiuii in Us 
 iiiaivli (it progress, and tlie results have more 
 tlian justified his expectation and prediction. 
 
 .Mr. ( )rrick caure to St. Louis in 1X71, in or- 
 der to have a wider and more hicrative field in 
 which lo practice his profession, and from that 
 lime until the jireseut he has been regarded as 
 one of the leading members of the St. Louis 
 bar, and has devoted himself exclusively to his 
 ])nictice. While in St. Charles, Mr. Orrick was 
 in partnership with W. \V. P'dwards from \'!^^\'.\ 
 to 1S(;4, and afterwards with Colonel Benjamin 
 Imuuious, an able jiractitioner at the bar of vSt. 
 Charles and adjoining couiuies. This partner- 
 ship was continued until 1.S74, with offices in 
 St. Lc-inis and St. Charles, CV>l<-)uel Kunnons re- 
 maining in St. Charles. In 1S74 .Mr. Orrick 
 formed a partnership with General John W. 
 Xoble, late secretary of the interior; this part- 
 nership was dissolved on January 1, IXX.S, and 
 Mr. Orrick has been practicing alone since. 
 
 Mr. Orrick gives his attention entireh- to the 
 juactice in ci\il cases, and has been counsel in 
 many important and stubbornK-contested cases. 
 He was attorney for the St. Louis, Kansas City 
 i.\: Colorado Railroad, and as such conducted 
 \ery successfully a series of important and in- 
 tricate litigations; notably, the contest with the 
 Wabash Railway to obtSin entrance to the Union 
 Dejiot b\- the use i>f its tracks through I-'orest 
 Park into tlie cit\-, and it was decided in favor 
 of the plaintiff in the Supreme Court of the 
 I'nited States. 
 
 Xoble & Orrick were also the attorneys for 
 the St. Louis Gas Light Company during the 
 ])rolonged litigation between the comjDanx- and 
 the i-it\ , in which a fa\-orable decree was obtained 
 for their client. 
 
 .Mr. ( )rrick was marrieil in St. Louis, June HI, 
 bsCli, I., .Miss Penelope .\lleu, a daughter of 
 Hon. P>everly .Mien, an old ami ]u-oniinent 
 lawyer of this city. Tlie\ ha\e tliret' cliildven — 
 .\llen Cromwell, Christine and P'loience King. 
 
 \Vki.i..s. Rni.i.,\.— .\lthongh not, as his lather 
 — a brief record of whose career can be found on 
 pages in and 111' of this work — a .self-made 
 
 man, Rolla Wells early luoved himself no less 
 energetic, self-reliant and talented and able to 
 take up his father's work where it was left off 
 and carry it forward to the highest results of 
 which the opportunities created by the latter 
 were capable. His father was the late Erastus 
 Wells, at one time omnibus dri\-er in vSt. Louis, 
 and afterwards railroad ])uilder, capitalist. United 
 States congressman and publicist. He was a 
 man of remarkable energy, common sense and 
 solid, sound judgment, and in his career illus- 
 trates the immense possibilities American life 
 and conditions hold for the young man who has 
 the talent, industry and determination to grasp 
 them and rise aboxe adversity of circumstance. 
 
 Rolla Wells is one of three children born to 
 .Mr. Erastus Wells' first wife, who was a daughter 
 of John E. Henr\-, of this city. He was born in 
 vSt. Louis in 18.')(>, and was educated at Wash- 
 iiigtou University. He couipleted his education 
 and left the institution at the age of twenty, im- 
 mediately entering the employ of his father for 
 the purpose of acquiring a practical business 
 training. He quickly manifested his good judg- 
 ment and ability to learn and was soon made 
 assistant superintendent of the Missouri Street 
 Railroad, then under the management of that 
 street railroad expert, Alfred W. Henry. He 
 showed himself so well adapted to the require- 
 ments of his position, and administered the 
 affairs of his office with such fidelity and exact- 
 ness, that, oil the death of Mr. Henry, he was 
 promoted by his father to the responsible posi- 
 tion of genei-al manager of the Olive street line. 
 Vxom. 1879 to 1X<S3 he conducted its affairs, leav- 
 ing it one of the most iiii])ortant and best-paying 
 roads in vSt. Louis, in fact, b\ the last named 
 \ear the ]M-opert\- had become so \alual)le that 
 a s\-iidicate was foniud and such a handsome 
 offer made t.. the elder Wells that he sold the 
 controlling stock, and the line passed out of his 
 hands. 
 
 .\fler the reorganization of the affairs of the 
 road had displaced .Manager Wells, he became 
 acti\ely interested in the cotton and linseed oil 
 business and to a greater or less extent in a 
 nnniber of other enterjuises. .\bonl this tinu- 
 
364 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOriS. 
 
 the liealtli of his father began to fail and the 
 weight of liis varied and responsible interests 
 fell on the son. The infirmities of the father 
 increasing, soon caused the entire superintend- 
 ency of his business to rest upon Rolla, who 
 was the responsible head of tlie various interests 
 up to his father's death in 18tt3, since which 
 time he has been actively engaged in the settle- 
 ment of the estate as administrator. Both be- 
 fore his father's death and since, he has shown 
 his capacity for great affairs, as well as an 
 ability to keep in mind and successfully manage 
 a great nuiltiplicity of interests. He has cer- 
 tainly displayed a high degree of talent as a 
 business man and occupies a place as one of the 
 leaders of the local commercial world. 
 
 Mr. Wells is a lover of the country, and has 
 a strong inclination towards an agricultural 
 life. He is especially fond of blooded stock, 
 and is considered an authority on fine horses. 
 For many years he has taken a deep and active 
 interest in the success of the vSt. Louis Fair 
 Association and Jockey Club, and the stock- 
 holders, taking advantage of his executive 
 ability and his knowledge of horse-flesh, elected 
 him president of both the Fair Association and 
 Jockey Club. This office was not one of nominal 
 duties or merely honorary attributes for Mr. 
 Wells by any means, for the general management 
 of both concerns gradually passed into his hands. 
 
 vSo well did he fill both positions of responsi- 
 bility that he served three terms at the earnest 
 solicitation of his associates, and could probabh- 
 have held the office indefinitely had he consented 
 to do so. Although the duties of the place were 
 both heavy and exacting he administered its 
 affairs with less friction and to the better general 
 satisfaction of stockholders and public than had 
 any officer for years previously, and it was with 
 the deepest regret of all concerned that he 
 resigned the presidency in the fall of 1893, the 
 business of the Jockey Club, Fair Association, 
 his father's varied affairs and his own commer- 
 cial interests, proving too uuich for even a man 
 of his quickness, grasp of affairs and industry to 
 see to. Since his resignation he has devoted his 
 attention to his own affairs and his father's estate. 
 
 Too often the boy born to an established posi- 
 tion and with great wealth at his command finds 
 little incentive to make any exertion in an\- 
 direction and frequently degenerates into a 
 uonentit}-. Mr. Wells is certainly a striking 
 exception to such a rule, and has alreadv bv his 
 own efforts proved his ability to take and hold 
 his place as one of the leaders of men, and that 
 he realizes the responsibility of proving himself 
 a worthy sou of an able and noble father. 
 .\lthough still young in years his judgment has 
 the ripeness of maturity, and with the confidence 
 of his fellow-citizens and many successes already- 
 attained, to his credit, his future .seems full of 
 the brightest promxise. 
 
 Mr. W^ells is married, as are most men who 
 fully realize their whole duty to themselves and 
 humanit)-. He has an interesting family, con- 
 sisting of a wife and four children, the former 
 being before her marriage Mi.ss Jennie H. Parker, 
 of this city. 
 
 JONE.S, J.\MES Coulter, is a young man of 
 marked popularity and gives promise of becom- 
 ing as successful as his father in his chosen line 
 of work. He is a lawyer, and since his admis- 
 sion to the bar, excepting two years, has been 
 in partnershij) with his father. Judge \A'illiam 
 C. Jones, who for fort\-* years has been a bar- 
 rister, and for almost as long a period has been 
 before the people of St. Louis as a publicist aiul 
 man of affairs. The Jones family is of English 
 origin, which at an early day came to America 
 and spread over \'irginia and Kentucky. James 
 C.'s motlier was Mary Chester befoi'e her mar- 
 riage. 
 
 Mr. J. C. Jones was born in St. Louis, March 
 2;!, ISiii;, and was educated in the public schools 
 of this citv. .\t fifteen years of age he went to 
 ^Marshall, Texas, and while there studied law 
 in the office of Hon. .\mory R. vStarr. When 
 eighteen years old he returned to St. Louis, was 
 admitted to the bar, and for two years practiced 
 law alone, and then formed the partnership with 
 his father which has since continued. He 
 devotes special attention to life and acci- 
 dent insurance law, and had charge of that 
 
P^a;-^^^^\!^^ 
 
nfocR.irnicAi. irrExnix. 
 
 .■Ki") 
 
 ft-ature of tlie 
 
 Mr. Jones iiui 
 JauK-s Maouiu 
 Arclil.islioii Ry: 
 lliree cliildicii. 
 
 )rate(l 
 
 1 Mis 
 
 St. 
 
 f I'liil 
 
 vSti]H'l cases. 
 
 (lau.i^vlitei- of 
 
 iiul niece of 
 
 P.XTTLSox, Hrcii r., son of Tlionias and 
 Rose ( .McOnellan ) I'attison, was born in tiiis 
 city, May .S, is:.?, and altliou-^li lie is not yet 
 past liis earl\- manhood, is rated as one of the 
 most successful anil ii<.)|)iilar \oun^ citizens of 
 the westeru metrop- 
 olis. He received a 
 fair education at the 
 parochial schools of 
 the city, and on 
 lea\in<; them went 
 to work as office-lK)>- 
 for his father, who 
 was sniDerintendent 
 of a packing-house 
 o{ considerable size 
 and importance for 
 those days. He re- 
 mained at this ap- 
 pren ticeshi ]) for 
 about two years and 
 then transferred his 
 services to a grocery 
 store, where he acted 
 in the capacity of 
 clerk for al)ont three 
 >-ears. 
 
 He absorbed knowl- 
 edge relative to all 
 
 matters of a mercantile character most readily, 
 and it was not long before his merits met with 
 substantial recognition, with the result that he 
 was a])]iointed to the su])erintendenc\' of the 
 ])aeking and shipping deiiartment of the Ivist 
 ,St. i.onis Packing and l'ro\ision Company. He 
 held this ])osition until the s])ring of I'STlt, and 
 then accejHed a position in a like cajnicity with 
 the National vStock Yards Company-, where he 
 continued until the s]iring of ISSO, when he 
 was com])elled to resign on account of ill 
 health. 
 
 .\ period spent in the country restored him to 
 health, and on his return to St. Louis he ar- 
 ranged a partnership with Cnstave Orth, and 
 under the firm name of Orth & Pattison they 
 ojieued a grocery on Sixteenth street. Within 
 about a year Mr. Pattison sold out to his part- 
 ner and opened a grocery on his own account at 
 l{lliott and Cass avenues. He conducted this 
 business very successfulh- for four years, and 
 then dis]:)osed of it to acce])t the position of 
 superintendent of the Union Club-house, where 
 he continued until 
 he accepted a posi- 
 tion in the city 
 water rates office. 
 Here lie remained 
 two years, or until 
 he was called to a 
 place in the city 
 treasurer's office. 
 
 In 1890, .submit- 
 ting to the .solicita- 
 tion of his legion of 
 friends, he became 
 a candidate for of- 
 fice, aspiring to be 
 clerk of the Crim- 
 inal Court. He 
 
 elei 
 
 lud 
 
 HUGH 
 
 Since 
 
 \ o\-emb 
 
 er, 
 
 l.Slto, 
 
 has adminis- 
 
 tered 
 
 tlie affairs 
 
 of 
 
 the 
 
 o ffi c e w 
 
 th 
 
 marked tact and 
 
 sa- 
 
 gacitN 
 
 • and in a mail- 
 
 ner to greatly increase his popularity-. 
 
 Mr. Pattison is married, his domestic part- 
 ner having been before marriage Miss Josie 
 P'raineN', of this cit\-. 
 
 H I'Tcir I N.soN , Roi! !•: k 
 at Petersburg, Virginia 
 of Rev. P:. C. Hutchius 
 ( Randolph ) Hutchinso: 
 University of \'irgiiiia 
 ISerliu.Cermanv. .\fte 
 course abroad he relnriu 
 
 ■|' Ra.nhoi.pii, was born 
 , .Vugnst I'N, l.s.".7, son 
 on, D.I)., and Lucy P.. 
 n; was educated at the 
 and the l'niversil\- of 
 r tinishing his university 
 L-d to the United Slates, 
 
3(;(i 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOCIS. 
 
 and was admitted to the bar in l.S(iU. He came 
 to Missouri in 1X41. On the breaking out of 
 the civil war he espoused the cause of the South, 
 and entered the First .Missouri Infantry Regi- 
 ment in the Confederate army, and served as 
 assistant adjutant-general of Bowen's Missouri 
 Brigade and Division, until the fall of Vicks- 
 burg. PVom that time until the close of the war 
 he served in Rodes' Division, Jackson's Corps 
 of the Army of Northern Virginia, as assistant 
 adjutant-general, with the rank of lieutenant- 
 colonel. 
 
 When peace was declared. Colonel Hutchin- 
 son returned to St. Louis, and being unable to 
 practice law on account of the test-oath apply- 
 ing to attoruexs, he turned his attention to other 
 pursuits, and became cashier of the Lucas Bank 
 until its consolidation with the Mechanics' 
 P.ank, in LSTil, when he was elected cashier of 
 this institution, which position he has since 
 held, devoting the ability and educational train- 
 ing that would have made him a first-class law- 
 yer to the building up and extension of the 
 business of the institution in which he holds so 
 responsible a trust. 
 
 Western was bought out by the Inland Oil Com- 
 pany. ;\Ir. Jones had become such a valuable 
 man in the btisiness that the new company 
 made him an offer of employment, which he 
 accepted. 
 
 After three years he was ready to go into the 
 oil business for himself, and he accordingly be- 
 came connected with A. A. Speer & Companv, 
 the style of the firm becoming Speer, Jones & 
 Coui]5auy. This firm did business for five years, 
 or until Mr. Jones bought out Mr. Speer's in- 
 terest, and has since conducted the business as 
 sole proprietor, under the style of George P. 
 Jones & Company. A large part of his trade 
 lies with railroads, although he sells largely to 
 manufacturers, for whom he makes a line of 
 specialties. 
 
 .Mr. Jones has been a member of the Merchants' 
 Exchange for twenty years. He is also a mem- 
 ber of the Mercantile Club, and in fraternal 
 circles belongs to the Royal Arcanum and the 
 Legion of Honor. He was married .Ma\- 1"), 
 l.S.Sl, to Louise C. Crofton, of Bloomiugton, Illi- 
 nois. Three children have tieen born to them, 
 onl\- one of whom is livino-. 
 
 JuNH.s, (ii'.oKCi-; I'., is a native of Louisville, 
 Kentucky, where he was born September 11, 
 1!^.')'), nearh- half a century ago. He was 
 brought to St. Louis when but four years of 
 age. His father, Henr\- Jones, was a prosper- 
 ous physician, and followed his profession for 
 many years in Louisville, but on locating in 
 St. Louis retired from active practice. His 
 mother's maiden name was Eliza Kate Carlisle. 
 
 The lad received a thorough common school 
 education in the public schools of the city, and 
 when he had progressed as far as these schools 
 could take him, he then took the regular com- 
 mercial courses at Jones' Business College. 
 Innnediately after his graduation from the busi- 
 ness college, employment was offered by the 
 Western Oil Com])any: he accepted, and this 
 was the beginning of his connnercial career in a 
 line of business in which he has continued ever 
 since. His time of service with this companv 
 continued over a term of five vears, or until the 
 
 RiciiARDSOx, William C, M.D., was born 
 March Ii', LS41*, near Davenport, Iowa. His 
 early years were spent on a farm, principalh- in 
 Illinois, where his father remo\eil while he was 
 (|uite \<>ung. He entered the arm\- in l.sii;>, be- 
 ing then but fourteen \-ears of age, enlisting as 
 a private in the vSeventeenth Illinois Cavalr\-. 
 He served during the remainder of the war, and 
 at its close was honorablv discharged. He is 
 now a member of Ransom Post, Ci. A. R. 
 
 In ISdl, while on a special ser\'ice in St. 
 Louis, he became so well impressed with the 
 cit\- as a field of future usefulness, that at the 
 end t)f his term of service in the arni\' he de- 
 termined to locate here to practice his chosen 
 profession. After completing his studies, he 
 began the ]iractice of medicine and surgery in 
 St. Louis. 
 
 In 1.S70 he married Miss Dinaise \'erdier, an 
 accomplished ladv, a native of l-'rance, but 
 reared and educated in St. Louis. 
 
ni( u./,\ nunc. //. Arriixnix. 
 
 .';(i7 
 
 Dr. Ricliardsoii has hceii from tlie cuiniiiencc- 
 iiKMil of liis medical career an enthusiastic and 
 untiriuj; student of his profession, and he soon 
 became recognized as one of the lights of his 
 school. He was appointed adjunct professor of 
 diseases of women in the Homceopathic Medi- 
 cal College of Missouri in IHOtt, and in 1X7;! 
 was made professor of obstetrics and surgical 
 diseases of wonien, which position he still 
 holds. 
 
 rer of the college 
 
 1 
 
 n 1878 he \v 
 
 IS elected t 
 
 and later dean, w 
 
 hich 
 
 oifi 
 
 ce he now holds. 
 
 Fri 
 
 ui 1X7.') to 
 
 1S7S 
 
 he 
 
 was editor o 
 n-icaii O/ku 
 
 • the 
 
 All 
 
 
 an< 
 
 in 1880 o 
 
 ■ the 
 
 .lA 
 
 //nr/Co/iriri 
 
 ,aud 
 
 is 
 
 a frequent 
 
 COU- 
 
 tributor to the i 
 
 ledi- 
 
 cal 
 
 journals an 
 
 1 so- 
 
 cie 
 
 ies, inchu 
 
 ling 
 
 loc 
 
 il. State anc 
 
 1 na- 
 
 tioi 
 
 ial,iu all of w 
 
 hich 
 
 he 
 me 
 
 holds an a 
 nl)ershi]i. 
 
 ctive 
 
 .\ 
 
 midstallthis 
 
 unil- 
 
 tip 
 
 icitv of w 
 
 'rk. 
 
 DR. WILLIAM C. k!ICI1ARl)^.()N. 
 
 a text- 
 a stand 
 
 i u fan t um 
 r diseases of c 
 ok on obstetric: 
 d work, not only 
 untr\-, hut in 1mi 
 iclor i-^ one of ih 
 
 Idren; and in 1S7.S 
 which has become 
 the medical schools 
 
 Tl 
 
 this comuniuil\-, 
 sivcly with the .\. 
 into I'"nter])rise Li 
 .March-, 187(;; the 
 Lodge of Mis.souri 
 siou he was elcctc 
 the office coiUinu 
 
 (). r. \V. Ul 
 dge, -Xo. ."., of 
 following moil 
 was instituted 
 .1 C.nuid Reco' 
 .usly up to .M 
 
 I most 
 
 .St. I,, 
 Lh the 
 .\l tl 
 <ler, an 
 irch 1, 
 
 The Doctor's great interest in the order was 
 made manifest b\- inaugurating a more perfect 
 system of medical examination, which has 
 proved to be the most perfect yet devised by any 
 beneficiary order. It was adopted by the Su- 
 preme I^odge unanimously, and the Doctor was 
 at once appointed supreme medical examiner 
 under it. While occupying this position he 
 com]iiled a book of instructions for medical ex- 
 aminers, which is the recognized guide for over 
 ten thousand medical examiners throughout 
 the entire United 
 States and Canada. 
 
 From 1882 to 1888 
 he was chairman of 
 the Supreme Lodge 
 Committee on \'ital 
 Statistics, and his re- 
 ]3orts have circulated 
 all over the world. 
 He is known every- 
 where as ///(•• author- 
 ity on vital statistics 
 relating to the work 
 of beneficiary soci- 
 eties. His reports 
 show great stud)- and 
 research. 
 
 In Xo\-ember, l.s;i2, 
 he was elected public 
 administrator of the 
 cit\- of St. Louis for 
 a term of four \ears. 
 He had always be- 
 fore kept out of poli- 
 tics, but the Republican party, with which he 
 has always been identified, was so earnest and 
 em])hatic in tendering him this nomination, and 
 subseciuent election, that he was finalK' con- 
 strained to accei)t it. His election that year by 
 the largest number of \oles of any one t)u the 
 ticket, when e\erything else went Democratic, 
 was a nuirk oi the high esteem in which he is 
 held by the connnunit)-. 
 
 .Ml of the time that can be spared from his 
 practice is dcN'oted to the ]>romotiou of the wel- 
 fare of two of our best-known institutions, the 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 HoiiKEopathic .Medical Co]le<,'e of Missouri and 
 tlie Ancient Order of United Workmen, in both 
 of which he is honored with the highest official 
 positions. 
 
 Dr. Richardson is a fluent lecturer, and his 
 reputation as a speaker is such that he is often 
 called upon to deliver public addresses for socie- 
 ties and institutions of learning. His reputa- 
 tion as a consultant and surgeon is so extensive 
 that he is frequently called to distant cities for 
 consuhations and to perform operations. 
 
 Platt, Hkxky S. — While Kentucky and Vir- 
 ginia have ftirnished their quota of forceful men 
 who have made St. Louis the great city she is 
 to-day, no less a number of uien of this character 
 who have become the leading merchants, manu- 
 facturers, bankers, aud professional men of 
 St. Louis, were born in New York. Many other 
 Northern States are represented here, notwith- 
 standing the fact that St. Louis is .sometimes 
 said to be a .southern city, inhabited only by 
 .southern people. 
 
 Among the other prominent St. Louisans na- 
 tive of New York is the subject of this sketch, 
 who was born in the quiet little village of An- 
 gelica, in Alleghany county, October 19, 1828, 
 and therefore lacks but four years of having 
 reached his three score \ears and ten. He is 
 the son of Theodorus James P. and Melissa A. 
 Platt, whose maiden nauie was Bellinger, and, 
 although educational facilities were not of the 
 best in that early day even in New York, the 
 lad received a fairly good education in the com- 
 mon schools of the State. 
 
 Some men absorb knowledge froui ever\- 
 source, and with little regular schooling are 
 still well educated men, while others after 
 attending schools and colleges for years have 
 yet learnt little, for where the natural talents 
 exist education is easy. Mr. Platt was endowed 
 at birth with natural talents of a high order, and 
 he was therefore enabled to make the most of 
 meager educational facilities, and these natural 
 endowments have subsequently contributed 
 largely to his material success. 
 
 In 184(1, or when about eighteen years old. 
 
 he became imbued with the idea that the Wes1 
 was the jjlace for a young man, and he accord- 
 ingly bade his relatives and friends good-bye, 
 and in April of the above-mentioned year landec 
 in St. Louis. He thus became to some exteni 
 a real pioneer, for while St. Louis in that da} 
 was of certain relati\e im]iortance, it was fai 
 from being actually urore than a good-sizec 
 town. After reaching the town he formed f 
 connection with the drug firm of Barron & 
 Rothwell, then located on Pine street, betweer 
 Main and Le\ee, intending to learn the btisi- 
 ness. 
 
 However, the war with Mexico was brewing 
 aud soon broke, aud the \oung druggist after £ 
 year's serxice with the firm was moved to enlisi 
 under Colonel A. R. Easton and Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Ferdinand Kennett in Company B. Ht 
 served, however, only from May until August, ir 
 which month he returned to St. Louis, and witl; 
 the limited amount of capital which he hac 
 acquired opened a small drug store on the north- 
 east corner of Se\'enth street and PVanklir 
 a\-enue. He conducted a very successful ant 
 constantly expanding business here until 18(ii. 
 when he went into partnership with Robert 
 Thornburgh, and with their capitals thus com- 
 bined the retail drug business was abandoned 
 and a paint, oil and glass business established. 
 
 As ;\Ir. Platt is essentially a business man, 
 and as the business which he so prosperously 
 conducted for so many years is \'ery closely 
 identified with and reflects his personality, it is 
 fitting that a few facts relative to the samt 
 should be here given. Mr. Platt judged rightly 
 that there was a demand for such commodities 
 that would amply support a house dealing in 
 them exclusively, and the firm was prosperous 
 from the da\- of its institution. P^ver ambitious, 
 Mr. Platt was not content with the field of labor 
 offered by the paint, oil and glass business 
 alone, and with an energy of a kind that is the 
 moving force of commerce, in 18(i5, he, in con- 
 nection with other gentlemen, established a 
 white lead manufacturing plant at the corner oi 
 M:iin and I^oml)ard streets. 
 
 This business was run under the firm luune ol 
 

liKUiR. \rilICAI. APPEXniX. 
 
 nC!) 
 
 riatl, Tlioiiihur.uli X; Coiiipaiiv niilil Lstu, when 
 it was incorporated as the vSontlicrn Wliite Lead 
 Coni])any, a name that was afterward carried to 
 every point of the country by the company's 
 ]irodiicts. ( )f this company Mr. Piatt was made 
 \ice-i)resident, and like every other measure 
 with which he has been connected, the mills did 
 a l)i<i business until 18cS;i, when, upon the forma- 
 tion of the lead trust the .Southern :\lills were 
 absorbed, and are now conducted as a jiart of 
 the huo;e corporation. In March, l!S^!(l, the 
 paint, oil and glass business was incorporated 
 as the Piatt & Thornburgh Paint and Glass 
 Coiupany, with H. S. Piatt, president; Robert 
 Thornburgh, vice-president, and H. W. Hayden, 
 secretary. In December, of the same year, Mr. 
 R. Thornburgh died, and his sou, W. H. Thorn- 
 burgh, took his place as vice-president. ^Ir. 
 Ha\deu also died soon afterward and was 
 succeeded in the secretaryship by H. Boardman. 
 In lHl)rnary, 18W, Mr. Piatt, finding that his 
 health was failing him, retired from active busi- 
 ness, turning his business over to his sous. This 
 made necessary another reorganization of the 
 company, and W. H. Thornburgh was elected 
 president; Philip C. Piatt, vice-president; H. 
 P>oardman, secretary, and C. R. Piatt, assistant 
 secretary; and H. S. Piatt, Jr., superintendent. 
 In connection with this business the company 
 has erected a five-story building for the purpose 
 of storing and handling paints, glass, etc. The 
 fact that St. Liniis is the leading paint and glass 
 market in the country, and that the house is the 
 largest in the city, will give some idea to its 
 importance. 
 
 Much of the present success of the business is 
 undoubtedly due to ^Ir. Piatt, as his sound 
 judgment and energy have played a most ini- 
 ])ortaut ])art in the compan\'s historw He is 
 an excellent citizen, respected by all who know 
 him, and is a man of inflexible integrity and 
 honesty. Many demands have been made on 
 his ability in the conduct of enterprises outside 
 of the business with which he has been regu- 
 larl\- identified. He was one of the original 
 organizers of the Crystal Plate (ilass Comjiany, 
 of which he is still a director; he is also one of 
 
 the original founders ai the P'ranklin ISauk, and 
 is still connected with the instituti(ju as a 
 director. 
 
 Mr. Piatt has had a large family of children, 
 se\eu of whom, six sons and one daughter, are 
 yet living. All are children of intelligence and 
 promise, and are a great sujiport to their parents 
 in their old age. Mr. Piatt was married Octo- 
 l)er i:«, l.S.-)l, to Miss Elizabeth W. P,arnes, of 
 Philadeljdiia, Pennsylvania. 
 
 La.SHKR, RorkkT K., sou of P^li and Marv 
 (Kellogg) Lasher, was born at Hillsdale, New 
 York, June m, 1848. He attended the Hills- 
 dale district schools three or four months in the 
 vear until twelve years old, when he went to 
 work on his father's farm, lu bsiii' he secured 
 other employment, and in l-sdli turned his at- 
 tention to carpentering, but later decided to 
 learn the carriage business and entered the 
 South Egremont ( Massachusetts ) carriage fac- 
 tory. In 1871 he removed to Lincoln, Ne- 
 braska, and for sixteen months worked at his 
 trade, but in 187:^ came to .St. Louis. P'or six 
 years he worked hard at his trade, putting bv 
 money monthly with a view to go into business 
 for himself. In 1880 he commenced manufact- 
 uring kitchen safes, under the firm name of 
 Campbell & Lasher, l)ut sold out, and in 1^81 
 established the firm of R. V,. Lasher lS: Co., 
 with a furniture manufactory at 1424 North 
 Main street. 
 
 In April, bSSH, the factory was partly de- 
 stroyed by fire. Afterward he purchased the 
 vacant lots 2722 to 27.SO on South Third .street, 
 upon which he erected a modern and splen- 
 didly-equipped one-story brick factory, cover- 
 ing a space of 8.')xl."')2 feet, which later was 
 increased in size by the addition of one story, 
 and it is still occujued by its enterprising 
 builder. 
 
 In Eebruary, bs,s4, M,-. \V. H. Martin was 
 admitted to partnership, but in 188;i the founder 
 of the firm purchased his interest from him. 
 Seventy-five skilled mechanicsare uowemployed 
 in the establishment. Mr. Lasher was a mem- 
 ber of the old P'uruiture Board of Trade, and 
 
OLD AND N1-:\V ST. LOUIS. 
 
 continued his nKmbcislii]) wlien, in l.S«!S, it was 
 reorjrani/.ed. In l.^'.M Mr. r.asher was elected 
 president of tlie Ixiard. 
 
 St. Louis is now one of the three great furni- 
 ture manufacturing cities of America, and to Mr. 
 Lasher is due much of the credit for forcing the 
 business of his choice to the front. 
 
 Ad.wis, Elmer B., was born October '11, 
 1.S42, at Pomfret, Windsor county, Vernioiil. 
 Hi.s parents were Jarvis and Eunice (Mitchell) 
 Adams. He received a thorough collegiate edu- 
 cation, graduating from the Kimball Union 
 Academy, at Meriden, New Hampshire, in isdl. 
 preparatory to entering Yale College, from which 
 he graduated in the class of 1865. He then 
 made a tour of the Southern States as a corre- 
 spondent and agent for certain wealthy and 
 philanthropic citizens of New York and Phila- 
 delphia, who desired to contribitte to the educa- 
 tion of the children of the indigent whites in 
 the South. In furtherance of this design, Mr. 
 Adams inaugurated a system of free schools in 
 Atlantic and Milledgeville, Georgia, with the 
 aid furnished by the New York and Philadel- 
 phia parties, erecting school-houses and employ- 
 ing teachers, part of whom were drawn from 
 the North and part from the South. These 
 schools were devoted exclusively to the educa- 
 tion of poor white children, and were supported 
 for one \-ear by the parties represented by Mr. 
 Adams. 
 
 After spending a year in the South, Mr. 
 .\dams returned to \'ermont and began reading 
 law in the office of (rovernor P. T. Washburn 
 and C. P. Marsh, of Woodstock, where he re- 
 mained for two years, except during one term at 
 Harvard College Law School in l.S(i7. After 
 being admitted to the bar in Vermont, in l!Sti8, 
 he came to Missouri and was admitted to the 
 bar in the same year. He at once began the 
 practice of law and remained alone until 1.S7-2, 
 when he entered into partnership with Mr. 
 Bradley I). Lee, which continued until January 
 1, l.S7!i, when he took his seat on the Circuit 
 Court bench, to which he had been elected 
 on the Democratic ticket in November preced- 
 
 ing, having defeated Judge David Wagner, 
 ex-chief justice of the Supreme Court of Mis- 
 souri. 
 
 Judge Adams .served the full term of six years 
 for which he had been elected and declined a 
 re-election, preferring to return to the practice. 
 On retiring from the bench in IS.S.") he formed 
 a partnership with Judge W. E. Boyle and Mr. 
 John E. McKeighan, under the firm name of 
 Boyle, .\dams & McKeighan, which was con- 
 tinued until January 1, 18il2, when it was 
 dissolved Ijy mutual consent, and Judge Adams 
 and Boyle formed a partnership under the name 
 of Boyle & Adams. 
 
 While Judge Adams was on the bench cases 
 involving the enforcement of the laws for the 
 collection of delinquent taxes and winding up of 
 insolvent insurance contpanies came before him 
 for adjudication. He held those laws to be valid 
 and established a precedent for their enforce- 
 ment. The principles of law invohed in these 
 cases were new and unsettled when brought 
 before him. 
 
 Since he retired from the bench, Judge Adams 
 has been employed as counsel in many of the 
 most important cases that have come before the 
 courts in this State, among which we might 
 mention his connection as attorney for the 
 receiver of the Provident Savings Bank, as one 
 of the attorneys of the Laclede (ias Company 
 in its im])ortant litigation with the city, and has 
 represented several corporations in opposing the 
 anti-trust law enacted by the Legislature in 
 I8.s;i, themo.st notable of which was the defense 
 of the Simmons Hardware Company in the suit 
 brought by the State to forfeit the charter of 
 that corporation for an alleged ^•iolatiou of the 
 act of ISSii. He is also attorne\- forthe Lindell 
 Railway Company. 
 
 Judge Adams is a thorough lawyer and does 
 not permit anything to divert him from his pro- 
 fession. As a judge on the bench he was a 
 model of courtesy to the bar, and his decisions 
 and rulings were marked by that strong sense 
 of justice and clear perception of right which 
 characterized in every age the well-trained 
 law\er and the profound jurist. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 .".71 
 
 Duriiiii the siunnier of ISS.") Jvids^-e 
 si)cnl his \acatii)n in Kiirojie, rfluniiui; 
 tobcr to resume his official duties. He 
 many places of historic interest and can 
 benefited in every wax hy liis tri]i. 
 
 Jnd.iL;e Adams was married Sejitenilier 1 
 Id Miss I'.mnia Richmond, of W'oodst 
 mont. 
 
 Stokkkl, Rk.mv Joseph, M.D., son 
 and Adelaide ( Marys ) .Stoffel, was born 
 h'rance, December 1, 
 l.s.')(i. His parents 
 came to this countr\- 
 wlien he was an in- 
 fant, leavinw him in 
 care of his ,o;rand- 
 motlier in Paris; and 
 liis father was in bus- 
 iness in this city as 
 a wall paper and car- 
 pet mere ha nt lie- 
 twcen the years of 
 is:..-) and I'ST.S. 
 
 when he 
 years of 
 (J Rem\- 
 is countr\- 
 
 Adams 
 in Oc- 
 
 ^k, \-^ 
 
 Paris, 
 
 In ISliO 
 i\as nine 
 i_y;e, youi 
 
 came to th 
 
 and attended school 
 
 at tlie PUliot ( now 
 
 the ICads ) School. 
 
 He remained here for 
 
 si.\ years, acquiring 
 
 a sound education, 
 
 and on reaching his 
 
 majority went to St. Vincent's College at Cape 
 
 C.irardeau, Missouri, where he graduated in the 
 
 commercial department after two and a half 
 
 years' study. He then taught school at Kvans- 
 
 ville for a year, and for another year at .Sparta, 
 
 afler whicli he returned to St. Louis, 
 
 ing medicine as a profession stut 
 
 Doctor Booth, of Belleville, and Do 
 
 ens, of this city. 
 
 In 1S77 he entered the .St. Louis Medical 
 College, where he graduated in l.S.so, obtaining 
 his diploma witli honors. He at once com- 
 
 DR. 
 
 and select- 
 ied under 
 :tor Hodg- 
 
 nienced to practice medicine in >St. Louis, and 
 in the year 1."<1M) was appointed attending phy- 
 sician to tlie medical department of the Alexian 
 Brothers' Hospital. Doctor Stoffel is a kind and 
 able physician; and by giving every case which 
 is brought under his notice his most careful 
 attention, he has succeeded in getting a large 
 and paying practice. 
 
 He is a member of the St. Louis Medical Soci- 
 ety, the Missouri State Medical Association, and 
 the American Medical Association. He is also 
 a ]M-ominent member 
 of nearly all of the 
 benevolent and bene- 
 ficiary orders. 
 
 In the year l.SSO 
 Doctor Stoffel mar- 
 ried Miss Marv K. 
 Green, of this city, 
 a lady who has been 
 identified with the 
 public schools and 
 has attained a very 
 high reputation as a 
 teacher, her last and 
 best work being at 
 Humboldt School. 
 Their familyat pres- 
 ent consists of two 
 girls and two boys, 
 who, fortunately, in- 
 herit the al_)i]it\" and 
 industryof bothtlieir 
 ^^QPPgL parents, and aremak- 
 
 ing rapid progress. 
 Tkrry, Johx H. — The real estate men of St. 
 Louis stand high as a class, both because of 
 their energy and responsibility, and there is 
 none among them better known or more gener- 
 ally respected than John H. Terry, of the firm 
 of Terry, Scott & Company, doing business at 
 t)23 Chestnut street. 
 
 Mr. Terry was born in a farm-house in Seneca 
 county, New York, in the year lf<37. In him 
 is combined both the blood of the English and 
 Irish, a combination that makes the strongest 
 and most energetic men of the Caucasian race. 
 
372 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 His father, W. James Terry, was of Irish de- 
 scent, and was reared on Long Island. ^Irs. 
 Terry was of a good old linglisli faniih", but 
 was born in New York. Mr. and Mrs. Terry 
 were the parents of a family of ten children, of 
 whom the subject of this sketch' was the 
 eighth. 
 
 Like most men who have succeeded, young 
 John was taught the lesson of industry and self- 
 reliance by hard work. While a bo>- he worked 
 on his father's farm, and attended the district 
 school in the winter. New York has always 
 been blessed with good public schools, and at 
 the age of twenty the young man was possessed 
 of a good common school education. At this 
 time the question of his vocation in life came 
 up. His father tried to induce him to follow in 
 his own footsteps and become a fanner, but the 
 bov was ambitious and determined to embark in 
 a professional career, his heart being set on be- 
 coming a lawyer. 
 
 In 1859 his father died, and a year afterward 
 the young man entered the Albany Law School, 
 having already taken preliminary conrses at 
 Trumansburg and Ithica academies. He had 
 not sufficient mone)- to complete his legal edu- 
 cation, and was compelled to work several 
 hours each day to pay expenses. Whenever a 
 \-oung man is compelled to pay for his own edu- 
 cation by hard work, he shows he is made of the 
 metal of which success is coined. In 18(U Mr. 
 Terry graduated with honor, and returning to 
 Ithica, entered the law office of Boardman & 
 Finch, then the leading j)ractitioners of that 
 section of the State. 
 
 Scarcely had he gotten fairly started on his 
 legal career when the war broke out. Being 
 always a man with a high sense of honor and 
 duty, he could not remain at home when his 
 country needed him, and actuatedby these noble 
 impulses he enlisted as a private on August 17, 
 18(i-2, in Company D, One Hundred and Thirty- 
 seventh Regiment, New York Volunteers. He 
 did untiring work in raising this company at his 
 old home in New York, and when he had finally 
 succeeded, his companions in arms, recognizing 
 his evident courage and abilitv, rewarded his 
 
 good work by electing him captain, his commis- 
 sion being dated Augu.st 28, 18()2. The com- 
 panv was mustered into the United States ser\ice 
 September 20, 1862, the regiment being a part 
 of the Third Brigade of the Second Division ol 
 the Twelfth Corps, Army of the Potomac, com- 
 manded by General Henry Slocum. Captair 
 Terrv made a brave soldier and an officer thai 
 all his men loved and trusted on every occa- 
 sion where danger threatened. He servec 
 through all the campaigns of the Army of th« 
 Potomac, participating, among others, in the 
 battles of Fredericksburg, Winchester and Chan- 
 cellorville. On the third day of the last-namec 
 battle he was severely wounded and carried of 
 the field. Owing to this wound and incidenta 
 ill health, he was compelled to resign his com 
 uiission and retire from the army the Juni 
 following. 
 
 After the war he spent some time at his olc 
 home in New York State, and likewise livec 
 for a time at Washington, D. C. Seeking ai 
 opportunity for an opening, none offering in tin 
 East, he concluded to tr\' the West, just thei 
 beginning the wonderful growth inangnratee 
 bv the change and uphea\-al caused b\- the war 
 Starting on a tour of the West, he stopped a 
 Ravenna, Ohio, long enough to review anc 
 polish up his legal learning, which had becomi 
 rusty through his years of military .service. 
 
 In the summer of 18(jr) Mr. Terry arrived ii 
 St. Louis, full of hope and ambition, l)ut with 
 out a friend or acquaintance in the cit\-, anc 
 with but thirty dollars in his pocket. However 
 he was in no way discouraged and set braveb 
 to work to begin building the fabric of his fort 
 une. That winter he delivered a course o 
 lectures before the students of Bryant & Strat 
 ton's Commercial College, and later for sonu 
 time acted as assistant Ignited States attorney 
 under Charles (x. Mauro, finally forming th( 
 law partnership of Terr\- X: Terr\-. It will thu; 
 be seen that he was not long in making his per 
 souality felt as a force in the community, whicl 
 fact is further emphasized by the fact that ii 
 l.siiS, or three \ears after his coming to .St 
 Louis, he was elected to the Twentv-fifth Gen 
 
/ 
 
 
 -p^^ 
 
niOGRAPH/CAf. APPExnrx. 
 
 era! Asseiiibh- mi tlie Deiuocralic ticket. Dur- 
 iiii; tlie session he was one (.)t the leaders of tlie 
 Hduse ami liis al)ilit\' be.i^aii to attract attention. 
 In I'^Tl lie was appointed land conuni.ssioner, a 
 jndicial position of importance at that time in 
 vSt. Lonis, and the affairs of which office he ably 
 administered. 
 
 In 1.S74 he was aj^ain sent to the Le,u;islatnre, 
 bnt this time to the Senate. His ability was 
 reco,t;nized by the Senate as by the House, and 
 he was given a place on several of the most im- 
 portant committees, such as the committees of 
 accounts, ways and means and criminal juris- 
 prudence, and was chairman of ways and means 
 and a member of swamp lands, the blind asylum 
 and the insane committees. During the session 
 he accomplished a vast amount of work, (lifted 
 with forcible eloquence, a logical mind and rare 
 personal magnetism, he won the respect and 
 esteem of his colleagues at once, and was recog- 
 nized as one of the most influential men of the 
 bodv. During his terms in the Legislature he 
 conceived and succeeded in lia\-ing ])assed the 
 law governing the condemnation of propert\- in 
 St. Louis, and the present insurance law of the 
 State. 
 
 .\t the end of his term as senator he returned 
 to St. Louis, where he decided to devote his en- 
 tire attention to the law. Although he was 
 \er\' successful in his profession and had soon 
 built up a legal business that placed him among 
 the leading members of his profession, with that 
 keen business sense that has always character- 
 ized him, he became convinced that real estate 
 offered a more rapid road to wealth. Acting 
 upon this conviction, he, in 1S72, formed a part- 
 nership with Mr. S. vS. Scott, the firm name 
 being Terry &. Scott. 
 
 The association assumed at once a ])ositit)n as 
 one of the most responsible and c(jnser\ati\e 
 real estate firms of the city. During the activ- 
 ity in real estate during the past decade it has 
 extended its business in every direction and has 
 l)een very prosperous. The legal knowledge 
 and connections formed during the practice of 
 his profession 1)\- Judge Terr\- were of great ad- 
 vantage to the real estate firm, and many of his 
 
 old friends and clients intrusted the firm with 
 their business in jK-rfect confidence. 
 
 It is to be expected that a man of Judge 
 Terry's force and character would be felt in the 
 affairs of the community in which he lived. He 
 has borne a good share of local public work, and 
 was one of the organizers of the Real Estate Ex- 
 change, and its president during one term. The 
 Mercantile Club has had the benefit of his influence 
 and advice. He has served it as its vice-presi- 
 dent for four )ears, as a director, and had also 
 acted as chairman of the house committee, and 
 did much for the club in the earlier days of its 
 existence. He is a patron of belles lettres^ and 
 in recognition of his scholarship he now holds 
 the presidency of the I'uitarian Club, one of the 
 leading literar\- clubs of the cit>'. He is now 
 also president of the St. Louis Property S: Fi- 
 nancial Company, and is a member of several 
 important local societies. He organized and 
 was first chancellor of the Legion of Honor, a 
 very successful benevolent society, which now 
 has a membership of .'),()()(). 
 
 Mr. Terry's home-life has yielded him the 
 fullest share of domestic happiness, and has been 
 brightened by a delightful little romance. In 
 l«(i.H Judge Terry was married to Miss Elizabeth 
 Todd, daughter of a well-known St. Louisan, 
 Hon. Albert Todd. The union lasted twenty 
 years, or until IS'SS, when Mrs. Terry died. 
 During his boyhood days Judge Terry had 
 known and loved Miss Vashti Boardman, who 
 lived on a farm adjoining his father's and with 
 whom he attended the same di.strict school. 
 Some circumstance caused a barrier to rise 
 between the lovers, }'oung Terry came West, and 
 Miss Vashti married Edward Pearsall. In Lss.') 
 Mrs. Pearsall was left a widow. In IMIU Judge 
 Terry went P^ast to visit the scenes of his boy- 
 hood days, and while at his old home met Mrs. 
 Pearsall; their lo\-e was renewed and a very 
 ])rett\' romance was crowned by orange blos- 
 soms September ii, ISHI. 
 
 Judge Terr\ has four sons 1)\- his first wife. 
 The two oldest, .\lberl and Robert, graduated at 
 Cornell Uuiversit\ in \>>\\-l. Robert is taking a 
 medical education at Cohunbia College, New 
 
OLD AXD NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 York, while Albert is his father's able assistant 
 in the real estate business. 
 
 Judge Terry's career has been most honorable 
 and successful. Being one of the younger sons 
 of a large family he has inherited nothing from 
 his parents but a proper training and the virtues 
 of industr\- and honesty, and he is therefore a 
 .self-made man. By these qualities he has forced 
 him.self to the front. 
 
 Nasse, August, son of August and Matilda 
 (Werdmann) Nasse, was born in St. Charles 
 county, Missouri, November 29, 1837. He was 
 educated in the public schools of Gasconade 
 county, his parents having moved when he was 
 nine years old. In 1854 young Nasse came to 
 St. Louis and secured a position with the whole- 
 sale dry goods house of Collins, Kellogg & 
 Kirby. He attended strictly to his duties dur- 
 ing the day, and being anxious to perfect his 
 education attended night school after office 
 hours. He remained with Messrs. Collins, Kel- 
 logg & Kirby for a period of eight years, com- 
 mencing as stock boy and being promoted l)y 
 rapid stages to the positions of shipping clerk, 
 superintendent, traveling salesman book-keeper 
 and cashier. 
 
 In the year lH(il Mr. Nasse enli.sted in the 
 Third Missouri Reserves, under General John 
 McNeil. He served for three months with the 
 Reserves, and then entered the State militia, 
 in which he did active work until October, l.S(i4, 
 when he was mustered out. He then entered 
 into clerical work for several commission houses, 
 continuing until the year 18(U>, when he entered 
 into partnership with Mr. Conrad Fink in the 
 wholesale grocery business. The firm of Fink 
 & Nasse is still in existence, the members of the 
 firm now being Wm. Ct. Fink, Conrad Fink, 
 August Nasse and Henry Gildehans. They 
 carry on a very large business as wholesale gro- 
 cers on North Main street, their establishment 
 extending from No. 13 to No. 19. The)- have 
 traveling salesmen throughout the entire West, 
 and are belie\ed to do a larger business in matches 
 and other specialties than any other house in the 
 West. It has also a manufacturing plant and 
 
 makes a number of brands of pure spices, pow- 
 dered sugared goods and extracts, besides roast- 
 ing all its own coffee. It has about 350 men in 
 its employ and maintains large branches at 
 Clinton, Missouri, and Hot Springs, Arkan.sas. 
 Mr. Nasse is a very prominent St. Louisan, 
 and is one of the moneyed men of the city. He 
 is a member of the German, Union and Lieder- 
 kranz clubs, and also of the St. Louis Swim- 
 ming School, of which he is a director, and the 
 Legion of Honor. He married on March 2(), 
 18B7, Miss Caroline Fink, of vSt. Louis, and 
 has three sons, August, Albert and Walter. 
 
 EhrhardT, J. G., M.D.— Dr. F. Hhrhardt, 
 since deceased, a native of Germany, and a 
 graduate of the University of (ioettingen, had 
 a most remarkable and successful career in the 
 field of medicine. After distinguishing himself 
 in his own country he emigrated to America 
 and located in Beard.stown, Illinois, where he 
 soon rose in his profession, and at the time of 
 his death was known throughout the country as 
 one of the aljlest physicians and surgeons in the 
 State of Illinois. In the fall of 1849 he had 
 born to him a son of much promise and whose 
 career was then destined to be one of much suc- 
 cess and prosperity in the profession of his father. 
 
 Young Ehrhardt, the subject of this sketch, 
 at a very early age applied himself to acquiring 
 knowledge in the preliminary studies selected 
 with great care as being best fitted for his 
 successful study of medicine. After a most 
 diligent course of study and training at tlie 
 public schools of his native town, and under the 
 careful and judicious training of a corps of 
 tutors, young Ehrhardt began the study of 
 medicine with Dr. F. E. Baumgarten as his 
 preceptor. He soon entered the St. Louis Med- 
 ical College and applied himself very studiously 
 during three years, when he graduated with 
 highest honors; this was in 18(59. 
 
 The Doctor immediately left for the old 
 country, with a view to completing his course 
 of medicine, which he considered that he had 
 only just begun, going to Germany, where he 
 entered the University of Goettingen; here he 
 
BIOCKA I'HICA I. APPENDIX. 
 
 875 
 
 was fx-fr reniiiKlfd of the close conneetion he 
 IkuI to this old iiistiliitioii of medical leariiinsj, 
 in that his father had s^radnaled within its 
 walls years before; this added much to the 
 enthusiasm and earnestness with which the 
 Doctor applied himself to his course. 
 
 The Doctor also studied at the universities of 
 Berlin and Vienna, acquirino- much useful 
 knowledoe and ijaining experience from his 
 association with these celebrated institutions. 
 After three years the Doctor returned to the 
 scenes of his child- 
 hood, and anions; 
 those who were 
 once his playmates, 
 now .i^rown to man- 
 hood and men of 
 families, he engaged 
 ill the general prac- 
 tice of medicine, in 
 partnershi]) with his 
 father. 
 
 The Doctor dur- 
 iiiLi; these \ears of 
 practice de\eloped 
 so largely in his 
 profession that he 
 found the necessity 
 of engaging in a 
 broader field, and 
 looking u]K)n vSt. 
 Louis as being a 
 ci t >■ o f a d\-au ce- 
 ment, more progres- 
 si\e ideas and larger 
 
 opjiortunities, the Doctor became identified with 
 this city in 1875, whose confidence and esteem 
 he soon well merited and whose patronage he 
 largely ac(|uired. Doing a general practice of 
 medicine, the Doctor was very successful and 
 liad a large and innsl reiuuiu-ratix'e practice, when 
 he abandoned it to gi\-(.- his atleiition entirely to 
 acquiring knowledge of the special treatment of 
 the eye and ear, having formed an ardent desire 
 for this s]iecialty while attending lectures and 
 witnessing the operations of .some of the 
 greatest then living ocnlists known to the 
 
 profession, among others the renowned \'on 
 (iraefe, of IVrliu. 
 
 vSo thoroughly was he possessed with the desire 
 to adopt this specialty that he went to Europe in 
 l'S83, and there spent over one year in studying 
 the diseases of the eye and ear in the hospitals 
 and clinics of Berlin, Vienna, Paris and London, 
 and having perfected himself in the knowledge 
 of his chosen specialty, r-etnrned to St. Louis, 
 and here established himself in a successful 
 ]nactice which has since grown to be one of the 
 largest in the city. 
 The Doctor soon 
 became connected 
 with the vSt. Louis 
 College of Physi- 
 cians and Surgeons, 
 being unanimously 
 elected professor of 
 ophthalmology and 
 otology, which chair 
 he still fills with 
 credit to himself and 
 those around him. 
 He has extended his 
 field of usefulness in 
 accepting the posi- 
 tion of consulting 
 physician on dis- 
 eases of the eye and 
 ear to the St. Louis 
 City and Female 
 hospitals, and lends 
 his assistance in 
 critical operations 
 11 the Pius Hospital demanding special skill. 
 While the Doctor does not pose before the 
 literary man, yet he has fre- 
 1 jxipers ui)on subjects which 
 
 KHRMARDT. 
 
 medical world as 
 
 (luenth- contribut 
 
 in tl 
 
 luue awakeiK-i 
 brethren cons 
 time to time 
 Oplithalmoloo\ 
 American Jouiiial <■ 
 St. f.oitix Cliiii(jit<-. 
 member of the ( 
 Societv. 
 
 minds 
 erable thou* 
 ippeared in 
 the Aniiiv 
 
 )f his professional 
 It, having from 
 the Archirfs of 
 »• of Otology, the 
 
 f .Inicricaii .Scioiccs ^.wA the 
 
 The Doctor is a prominent 
 
 k-rman St. Louis Medical 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 The Doctor has extensive experience in 
 traveling, having been abroad four times, and 
 in 1890 was a distinguished member of the 
 Ophthalmological Section of the International 
 Medical Congress, then convened in Berlin. 
 
 Dr. Ehrhardt owns a very elegant home on 
 Grand avenue, so popularly known for its many 
 handsome residences. The Doctor takes great 
 pride in his home and has spared no expense in 
 furnishing and fitting it up for his family, until 
 now it might be considered one of the finest 
 homes in e\-ery respect in St. Louis. 
 
 The Doctor was married in 1<S77 to I\Iiss 
 Fannie Eggers, of this city and daughter of 
 Mrs. Bertha Eggers. Mrs. Ehrhardt is a lad\- 
 of varied accomplishments, of unusual brillianc\- 
 and intellect and conversational powers and in 
 e\-ery wa\' worthy of the noble husband whose 
 luune she bears. 
 
 Branch, Joskph \V., son of Richard and 
 Sarah Branch, members of well-known English 
 families, was l)orn at Rotherham, England, in 
 the year 1821). His birthplace has been im- 
 mortalized by Sir Walter Scott in the first 
 chapter of ' ' Ivanlioe, ' " and is one of the prettiest 
 and most romantic districts of England. He 
 was a somewhat delicate child and was unable 
 to stand the rough usage of public school life, 
 and in consequence of this he was educated at 
 home by his mother. Mrs. Branch was a ver\- 
 talented lad\", and her son's education was in 
 consequence \-er\- thorough, and quite as good 
 as he could have obtained had he attended 
 school at an early age. In addition to this he 
 learned from his parents lessons in integrity and 
 zeal which have resulted in bringing him to the 
 front as one of the leading men of St. Louis and 
 Missouri. 
 
 He spent much of his spare time in his 
 father's factory at Rotherham, and when he 
 expressed a desire to enter the counting house 
 or office of the Globe Works, at Sheffield, his 
 parents consented rather as an experiment than 
 otherwise. vStrange to say, the comparativelv 
 hard work of tlie office proved exceedingly bene- 
 ficial to him, and he .soon outgrew the feeble- 
 
 ness of his youth. When only eighteen \ears 
 of age he had been in charge for a year of 
 several of the most important departments of the 
 extensive Globe Works. The proprietors of the 
 concern had already established works in Amer- 
 ica, and not being satisfied with the results, they 
 selected young Mr. Branch as the most suitable 
 man to cross the Atlantic and establish their 
 American house on a firm footing. The under- 
 taking was a serious one for so young a man, 
 but Mr. Branch undertook it willingly and with 
 a determination to succeed. Unfortunately, 
 however, the co-operation from the heads of the 
 departments was not forthcoming. They were, 
 for the most part, several years older than the 
 \oung manager, and after two years Mr. Branch 
 found it impossible to secure their assistance in 
 the work he had mapped out, and he accord- 
 ingly resigned, nuich to the regret of his princi- 
 pals in England. 
 
 ^Ir. Branch, Sr., advised his son to take ad- 
 vantage of his opportunit\- and travel over the 
 continent. Accordingly, in 1S48, he traveled 
 through Mexico, a serious undertaking at that 
 time. The country was in a condition border- 
 ing on anarchy, but young Mr. Branch, at this 
 time twenty-two years of age, organized a party 
 of sixteen and rode on horseback from Vera 
 Cruz to Mazatlan on the Pacific Coa.st. In 184;t 
 he went to San Francisco and visited the newh - 
 opened mines, and later in the same year he 
 commenced the return journey eastward, but 
 only got as far as St. Louis. It did not take a 
 young man of his discernment long to see what 
 a splendid opening there was for business in 
 St. Louis, and he purchased on favorable terms 
 the St. Louis Saw Works from Messrs. Childs, 
 Pratt & Company, who had recently introduced 
 the business into this city. 
 
 Mr. Branch traveled for three or four years 
 more, but in 18,');] finally settled in this cit>-, 
 and for the last forty years he has been one of 
 its best respected citizens. He organized the 
 firm of Branch, Crookes & Frost, and on Mr. 
 F'rost's retirement in 1857, the name of the firm 
 was changed to Branch, Crookes & Company, 
 Mr. Branch's partner being his brother-in-law, 
 
lUOCR. IPiriCAI. APPENIUX. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Crookes. In 1S72 Mr. IJranch i)ur- 
 cliased the interest of his partner and Ijecanie 
 sole proprietor, though he did not make any 
 change in the firm name. In l^*<S()the business 
 was incorporated under the name of the Branch- 
 Crookes Saw Company, with Mr. I^ranch as 
 president. 
 
 Durincr the forty \ears of Mr. Branch's active 
 connection with the concern, it has steadily in- 
 creased in importance. The excellence of the 
 output has won for it an excellent reputation 
 throughout the entire country, and to-day it 
 stands unexcelled and barely equalled by any 
 other house in the United States. Although 
 Mr. Branch has devoted the best years of his 
 life to the development of the firm, he has not 
 been allowed to escape public dut>-. He has 
 filled the position of president of the Illinois &: 
 St. Louis Railroad and of the Madison County 
 Ferry Company with great ability, and his efforts 
 on behalf of the Mechanics' Bank helped ma- 
 terially to build up that enterprise. 
 
 He has always been anxious to assist people 
 in distress, and as president of the St. George's 
 Society he has assisted hundreds of deserving 
 immigrants. He has taken a great interest in 
 St. Luke's Hospital, and his gifts have been 
 exceedingly numerous and costly. He has also 
 done a large amount of active work in the 
 Knights of Honor Society, which was not in a 
 \ery flourishing condition in Missouri when he 
 was made chief officer for the State. Under his 
 management he speedily established it on a very 
 firm footing, and its financial stability to-day is 
 largely the result of his effort. 
 
 He is also intimately connected with the Le- 
 gion of Honor. Mr. Branch is an Episcopalian, 
 with a leaning towards the Broad church. He 
 is a practical Christian, and when senior war- 
 den of St. (George's Church has kept his check- 
 book constantly at the disposal of that institu- 
 tion. At one time in the history of St. (ieorge's 
 Church it was in debt to the extent of $(;o,()()0, 
 when Mr. Branch and Mr. Edwin Harrison set 
 to work to get rid of this incumbrance, these 
 two gentlemen alone contributing more than 
 half the sum. He has also contributed verv 
 
 liea\il\' to the exchequer of drace Church. 
 
 Mr. Branch is independent in politics. Dur- 
 ing the war he supported the Union cause, but 
 was not so bitter as his fellow Unionists, and 
 favored the settlement of the dispute without 
 recourse to further fighting. His charity towards 
 the Confederate sufferers was marked, and 
 although by no means a trimmer, Mr. Branch's 
 manly conduct won him the respect and lo\'e of 
 both sides in the civil war. 
 
 He married in 1857 Miss Annie Clark, 
 daughter of :\Ir. Matthew Clark, a wealthy 
 farmer of Cusworth, Yorkshire, England. The 
 young people were brought up in the same 
 neighborhood, and when he came to America, 
 correspondence was continued between the two 
 with a result of marriage which has proved of 
 the happiest character. ]\Irs. Branch is her 
 husband's lieutenant in all works of charitv, 
 a:ld she has educated her thi'ee sons and four 
 daughters in a very able and hearty manner. 
 The oldest son, IVIr. Joseph Clark Branch, is 
 secretary of the Branch-Crookes Saw Companv, 
 and resides at 39;");") Sherman place. A younger 
 son, Richard C, is also connected with the 
 company. 
 
 Ej)Kxkorx, William, president of the Con- 
 solidated Steel and Wire Company, has the 
 satisfaction of knowing that the position he now 
 occupies as one of the most prominent members 
 of the manufacturing community of St. Louis is 
 entirely the result of his unaided exertions. He 
 is the son of Jacob and Antoinette (Hessmer) 
 Edenborn, both natives of Germany, and he was 
 born in W^estphalia, on March 20, 1848. His 
 parents placed him in a private school near his 
 home. Here he remained until he was twelve 
 years of age, when they both died, and he found 
 himself when a mere school-boy dejxiulent iqion 
 his own exertions for a livelihood, as well as for 
 means for completing his education. Much too 
 independent to solicit assistance from relatives 
 or friends, he looked around and found a position 
 in a wire factory, where he remained until 
 eighteen years of age. 
 
 He then came to America, arriving in Pitts- 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 hiiigli just at the close of the war. His intimate 
 acquaintance with the details of wire-work en- 
 abled him to find a position in a wire factory in 
 that cit\- without difficulty, and he remained in 
 it for two years. Then, impressed with the 
 growing importance of the West, he came to 
 St. Louis, in which city he has made his home 
 for a little over a quarter of a century. His 
 first position here was with the St. Louis Stamp- 
 ing Companx-, but he was all the time impressed 
 with the need of a wire mill in St. Louis, and 
 about the year 1X()9 he started a mill of that 
 kind with Mr. F. AL Ludlow. In this mill he 
 drew the first piece of wire ever made in the 
 West. 
 
 Recognizing the necessity of a sound business 
 training before attempting to go into business 
 himself, he took a course of study at Jones" 
 Commercial College, and having done that, 
 secured a position in an humble capacity with 
 the Ludlow-Saylor Wire Company. He was 
 entirely too useful a man to be kept long at 
 manual labor and he was speedily promoted to 
 the position of salesman in which he displaced 
 marked ability and every attribute for success. 
 
 His next advancement consisted in becoming 
 a partner in the firm which Mr. O. P. Saylor 
 and he established for the purpose of producing 
 wire. The outlook was brilliant in the extreme, 
 but misfortune interfered with Mr. Edenborn's 
 plans, for within sixty days the mill was burned 
 down and a total loss incurred. During the 
 next \ear Mr. Kdenboru made wire loops for 
 a beer bottling and soda water manufactory; but 
 he did not abandon the idea of placing a wire 
 mill on a successful basis in this city, and asso- 
 ciating himself with Messrs. O. P. Saylor and 
 D. C. Wright, he established the St. Louis Wire 
 Mills. Two and a half years later he bought 
 out his partners, and associating himself with 
 Mr. T. W. iMtch, he constructed the mill now 
 standing on Twenty-first and Papin streets, 
 extending clear through to Gratiot. 
 
 The greatest possible success attended the 
 operations of this enterprise, which, in iss^, 
 was incorporated as the St. Louis Wire Mill 
 Company. In LS^^o Mr. Edenborn started the 
 
 liraddock Wire Company, of Pittsburgh, and 
 acquired an interest in the Iowa Barbed Wire 
 Company, of Allentown, Pennsylvania, and 
 New York City. The company also acquired 
 the Lambert & Bishop Wire Fence Company, 
 of Joliet, Illinois, and the Baker Wire-Com- 
 jiany, of Chicago and Lockport, Illinois. It 
 thus had a consolidated business, consisting of 
 five establishments, founded in 18 (ill, IST.S and 
 1884, and when in 1892 the company was re- 
 organized and incorporated under the name of 
 the Consolidated Steel Wire Company, with a 
 paid capital of $4,000,0()(), it had a capacity of 
 .")()(),()()() tons a year. 
 
 The officers of the companx' are William 
 Fxlenhorn, president; ^Ir. John Lambert, vice- 
 president; Mr. Alfred Clifford, treasurer; Mr. 
 V. E. Patterson, secretary; and Mr. J.W. (iates, 
 general manager. The company makes a spe- 
 cialt\- of wire rods, plain wire, barbed wire and 
 wire nails, and also of the "Baker Perfect" 
 barbed wire, for which there is a never-failing 
 demand. Its operations are so extensive that 
 it keeps resident managers in charge of offices 
 in Chicago, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, New Orleans, 
 New York City and San Francisco, and its rep- 
 utation is so high that it is always called upon 
 in an emergency when large orders ha\e to be 
 executed without delay. 
 
 Mr. Edenborn has shown great inventive 
 genius, having secured more than tweh'e val- 
 uable patents on wire- working machinery which 
 are now in general use in both this country and 
 Europe. In addition to his wire-working con- 
 nection, Mr. FMenborn is president of the South- 
 ern Land and Mining Company, as well as a di- 
 rector in the St. Louis Iron and Machine Works 
 and the Superior Press Brick Com])any. He 
 also owns a large quantity of undeveloped coal 
 and farming land in the Missouri Valley, South- 
 ern Missouri and Arkansas, and he has also 
 made very extensive experiments in fruit farm- 
 ing, having now over two hundred acres planted 
 with pecans, with a view to determining the 
 ])ossibilities of profitable pecan culture. 
 
 Mr. Edenborn married in October, 187."), Miss 
 .Sarah Drain, of .St. Louis. .Mr. and Mrs. Eden- 
 
^->5^ 
 
nrocRAPirrcAr. .ippend/x. 
 
 ^M(k• 
 
 oth 
 
 (lauj^litcrs, ai 
 
 1(1 
 
 'leo-; 
 
 111 1 
 
 t'sidence 
 
 at 
 
 \\^\\ 
 
 qui 
 
 e a fanii 
 
 Iv 
 
 lein 
 
 ^er . 
 
 f the Mer- 
 
 ch 
 
 bs, 
 
 is well 
 
 as 
 
 ii;e. 
 
 H 
 
 > is not 
 
 a 
 
 born iKue Iwi 
 the fan 
 2(117 Park a\enue. 
 mail, Mr. Ivlenborii i 
 cantile, Uni(.)ii and J 
 of the Merchants' V. 
 seeker after notorietw 
 lician. 
 
 TuoMi'Sox, GHORdi'; Howard, was born F'eb- 
 niarv .">, USd-^i, at Memphis, Tennessee, under 
 the shot -scar red 
 
 walls of Fort Pick- 
 ering. He came to 
 St. Louis with his 
 family in 1S71. His 
 mother's maiden 
 name was Lnc\- Au- 
 gusta Jennison, and 
 
 lath 
 
 age 
 •ioht 
 
 Thomixson, 
 world-wide 
 tion as a ju 
 
 GEORl 
 
 reputa- 
 •ist and 
 as a profound writer 
 on law, being the 
 author of numerous 
 books wliicli are rec- 
 ognized everywhere 
 as authorities. 
 
 The Doctor was 
 educated in the pub- 
 lic schools of St. 
 Louis, the Upper 
 Iowa University and 
 
 the Missouri State University. He determined 
 to adopt medicine as a profession instead of fol- 
 lowing in the footsteps of his father, "because," 
 as he sa\s, " I iie\-er expected to ecpial him in 
 the law, and wished to avoid all contrast with 
 him." He, therefore, took his degree as ^LD. 
 from the ?kIi.ssouri Medical College, went to 
 New York and graduated at Bellevue Hospital 
 College, and in bSS!) traveled to ICurope and 
 studied in the hospitals and colleges of Jena, 
 Leipzig, Berlin and Dresden. 
 
 He reached home again in November, l.S'.M, 
 
 the jiossessor of a scholastic equijiment second 
 to that of no young physician in St. Louis. 
 Soon after his return he accejited the chair of 
 materia medica and therapeutics in the College 
 of Physicians and Surgeons, and in February, 
 l'S94, he was made secretary of the faculty 
 and board of trustees of the college. Dr. Thomp- 
 son is a member of the St. Louis Medical So- 
 ciety and an officer of the Knights of Pythias. 
 
 hi jiolitics he is a Republican, although he is 
 too deeply interested in medicine to give polit- 
 ical affairs practical 
 attention. While 
 attending college at 
 Leijjzig, Germany, 
 lu- met Miss Pauline 
 Adelaide (iebliard, 
 the descendant of a 
 very old and distin- 
 guished family of 
 the fatherland. The 
 meeting ended in 
 mutual love, and 
 when the }oungmaii 
 left (Termain- he car- 
 ried the lady's prom- 
 ise to be his wife. 
 The wedding took 
 place April 20, 1892, 
 at the residence of 
 the bride's brother, 
 in lirouklvn. New 
 York. One child has 
 been born to them. 
 Dr. Thompson is 
 a scholar and a gentleman, and his prospects 
 to attain a success in medicine equal to that of 
 his father in law are very promising. 
 
 ),MPSON. 
 
 \Vi;iixKK, Cu. 
 
 VKI.I-.S K 
 
 .'r Coal Comp 
 
 mv, ha 
 
 lely raised himself to 
 
 id moderate wc 
 
 alth in 
 
 lopted as his h 
 
 line. I 
 
 ., 1S4S, in the 
 
 town o 
 
 bv h 
 
 sident of tlie Weli- 
 own efforts 
 a i)osition of infiueuce 
 the cit\- which he has 
 le was l>orn No\-ember 
 f W-rdeii, Kingdom of 
 
 lanover, Germany. His n 
 narriage was Dorothea L< 
 
 name Dei 
 
 ^■fore 
 jberring, while his 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 father, Henry Weliner, was a man of standiuj^ 
 in his native hind, being during the youth of 
 Charles a quartermaster in the Prussian arui\-. 
 This office he resigned in 1855 and was imme- 
 diately promoted to the position of engineer of 
 construction. This was a very high and respon- 
 sible position, and in this capacity Henry Weh- 
 ner built the I^oehne-Rhein railroad, which from 
 a military point of view is one of the uiost im- 
 portant roads of German)-. 
 
 When six )-ears of age Charles went to a school 
 which was located in the town of Buende, West- 
 phalia, Prussia. At twelve he entered an acad- 
 euiy, where he pursued his studies for two years, 
 being farther ad\-anced at the end of that time 
 than are many American boys who have spent 
 three years in college. 
 
 His education thus completed, he returned to 
 his old home at \'erden to look about him for a 
 means of earning his own living. The only 
 chance that offered was in connection with the 
 large dry goods house of C. R. Wendte, to whom 
 his parents finally apprenticed him. Boys now- 
 adays, who are compelled to work for nominal 
 wages while learning a trade, consider their lot 
 a peculiarly hard one, but if they had to serve 
 as did young Wehner, they would have real 
 cause for complaint. .\u iron-clad bond was 
 entered into which bound the apprentice to ev- 
 erything and the employer to very little. I'uder 
 this agreement the apprentice had to work for 
 the firm for a term of five years. Not only was 
 he to serve for this length of time, but he \yas 
 to receive no remuneration whatever, and instead 
 was to pay the finu $50 in gold each \ear for 
 the full term of five \ears. 
 
 r3uring his apprenticeship he was compelled 
 to work thirteen hours a day every day in the 
 week, including Sunday, excepting every fourth 
 Sunday, on which his employers, by a stretch of 
 magnanimity, allowed him a half holiday. To 
 work like this and then pay for the privilege of 
 so doing, would discourage any boy less stout- 
 hearted than young Wehner, but he was natur- 
 ally possessed of a mind quick to grasp things, 
 and he learned the dry goods business thor- 
 ouehh'. 
 
 .\t the end of his term of service, according 
 to a local trade regulation, he passed a rigid 
 examination before a board consisting of three 
 dry goods merchants and two city officials. 
 During his entire term of service, his behavior 
 had been such that the firm never had occasion 
 to reprimand him, and so satisfactory was his 
 examination that the firm remitted one-half of 
 his last year's payment and immediately offered 
 him a regular engagement. He was at once sent 
 out ou the road and continued traveling for six 
 months, when, feeling satisfied he had earned a 
 rest, he went home on a visit to his parents. 
 This was in the latter part of isiii!, at the close 
 of the Prusso-Austrian war, his parents at that 
 time living at Buende. 
 
 While on this visit to his parents, after talk- 
 ing the matter over with them, Mr. Wehner 
 decided to do as many of his countrymen before 
 him had done — seek his fortune in the New 
 World. He resigned his position with the dry 
 goods house, the work of preparation was soon 
 complete, and on June 8, 18(57, he sailed for 
 America on the steamer ^\>z£' York. He arri\ed 
 in New York, and after remaining but a few da\s 
 left for Cincinnati. Here he also remained a 
 short time looking for a position, but as no 
 opening offered he came ou to St. Louis, which 
 had been the objective point of his journey from 
 the start. 
 
 When he first saw St. Louis he was without 
 one cent, without a friend or an acquaintance 
 and knew not where to turn for assistance. But 
 adverse circumstances and misfortune always 
 served only to nerve him to greater exertion, and 
 as there was no one else on whom he could rely 
 he was compelled to take the better course and 
 depend on himself. He began a most acli\e 
 and energetic search for employment, and soon 
 secured a job as a salt packer, which paid fifteen 
 dollars per month and board. After about six 
 mouths, although he knew little of carpenter 
 work, he saw an opportunity to better his con- 
 dition, and therefore accepted a position as a 
 carpenter in the St. Louis Planing Mill, corner 
 of .Mullauphy and Seventh. He was put to 
 work on sash and doors, and so well did he ful- 
 
BIOCKAPHICA L A PPENDIX. 
 
 :wi 
 
 fill liis duties that lie soon was awarded the 
 eoutraet fur niakiui^ eoinmon sash, a contract at 
 which he worked about a >ear, iiiakiut^ a oood 
 lixinj^ and saving some money. 
 
 He was finally induced to lea\-e this work by 
 a schoolmate who had come from Ciernuiny and 
 who ])ersnaded him to go to Cincinnati. There 
 he again manifested his ability and readiness to 
 do anv work that offered, and was soon located 
 at a ]:>lace called Mazard Hall, tending bar. 
 With his eyes always open, in the hope of better- 
 ing his condition, he soon afterward secured 
 employment with the large dry goods house of 
 Alms iS: Doepke, with whom he remained until 
 the spring of l.S(i9, when, to his misfortune, he 
 was again persuaded to leave a good job, this 
 time to go to Chicago. Not finding things as 
 he expected, he was unable to get employment 
 and soon ran out of money. Realizing that 
 something must be done he, with the usual con- 
 fidence in himself, engaged as a painter and was 
 sent with a boy to finish the interior of a fine 
 house as his first jol). Here his versatility- again 
 stood him in good stead, for although he had 
 never had a paint-brush in his hands, he did 
 the work so well that he staid with the boss- 
 painter during the entire season. 
 
 He could not remain idle, and after cold 
 weather threw liim out of work as a painter 
 he tot)k the first thing that offered and tended 
 bar until August 1, 1X70, when he and his 
 friend, C. A. Ivohmanu, who is now the well- 
 known nnisic dealer of this city, determined to 
 come to St. L,ouis. The tramped the entire 
 distance, reaching this city August 12th. Mr. 
 Wehner was too forceful and energetic to ever 
 remain long without work, and it was not many 
 da\s before he secured a job as box-maker at the 
 factory of Henry (kuiss, where he remained one 
 year. His next chance of employment took him 
 to dry goods again, as he had secured the posi- 
 tion of salesman with the firm of Trorlicht & 
 Dunkner, with whom he remained five years, 
 finally leaving the liouse in LSTii to go into the 
 coal business as agent for the ()' Fallon Coal 
 Cnmpanv. 
 
 In 1.S77, joining a partnership with J. S. 
 
 Morris and Henr\- (ierke, they leased a mine at 
 Leljanon, Illinois, which they oi)erated until 
 \^1\\ when Mr. Wehner withdrew to become 
 the agent of the Mt. Olive Coal Company, occu- 
 pying the position for five years. His next step 
 was to purchase an interest in the business, 
 which he held until the company sold out to the 
 Ellsworth Coal Company in March, 1884. He 
 acted as the solicitor of the new company until 
 March 1, 188(i, when he went into business for 
 himself, under the firm name of Charles E. 
 Wehner & Company, conducting this business 
 very prosperously until 1889, when he in com- 
 pany with the old members of the Mt. Olive 
 Coal Company associated themselves under tiie 
 name of the Mt. Olive & St. Louis Coal Com- 
 pany. Later the company was reorganized as 
 the Wehner Coal Company, Mr. W'ehner own- 
 ing the controlling interest. 
 
 In religious belief ^Ir. Wehner is a Catholic, 
 and is a member of St. Liborins Church. He 
 has taken a deep interest in religions and social 
 societies for se\-eral years; he is at present a 
 member of the Order of Catholic Knights of 
 America, and has held the position of trustee of 
 the State Council of that body. He is also the 
 founder and now president of the St. Lil)orius 
 Maenner-Chor. 
 
 In politics he is a staunch Democrat, and 
 although he is nowi.se a partisan politician, his 
 friends have frequently insisted on him entering 
 local politics in an official capacity. In LS'S7 he 
 was one of Mayor Noonan's most ardent sup- 
 porters, and was a delegate to the convention 
 which nominated him. In 18511 Mr. Wehner 
 was prevailed upon to run for the Council. He 
 made the race and received the second highest 
 vote of anv man on the Democratic ticket made 
 bv the convention. He was elected, by a vote 
 of lli,;!!t7,over hisOcrmau Republican opponent, 
 who received 12,0.')-i. His worth was recog- 
 nized by the president of the Council, who 
 appointed him to a number of important com- 
 mittees. As chairman of the committee of rail- 
 roads he did valuable work for the city. 
 
 On November 22, 1871, Mr. Wehner was mar- 
 ried to Mi.ss Wilhelmina Boedeker, of this city. 
 
382 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 WiiiTTK.MOKK, Robert Blackweli., is an- 
 other of the proininent and enterprising business 
 men who have made a marked impress on the 
 growth of St. Ivouis. A man of great energy 
 and of a cool, clear-sighted judgment, he is 
 regarded everywhere in the business world as a 
 man of cajnicitv who would succeed in whatever 
 position he might be placed. His father was 
 Homer Whitteniore, and his mother, before her 
 marriage was Maria Blackwell, daughter of 
 Sanuiel Blackwell, who at one time owned the 
 greater part of Astoria, New York, and for 
 which family the celebrated BlackwelPs Island, 
 above Xew York City, was named. The father 
 was a native of ]\Iassachusetts,and was for many 
 vcars engaged in the manufacture of cotton 
 cards, and was connected with Amos Whitte- 
 more, who was the inventor of the machine. It 
 seems that the ideas of his descendants dwell on 
 cotton, for the subject of this sketch has been 
 for a long time interested in cotton compresses. 
 
 Robert B. Whittemore was l)orn in the town 
 of A.storia, New York, July 11, lK2(i. He was 
 given good educational opportunities and at- 
 tended a private school until he was seventeen 
 years of age, when he went into a wholesale 
 dry goods store in New York City as a salesman, 
 remaining there one year. At the end of the 
 year he determined on coming west, and reached 
 -St. Louis in January, 1H4."). Here he joined a 
 brother, who had come to St. Louis six years 
 before, and was at that time running a whole- 
 sale hat and cap store, and dealing in furs and 
 pelts. Young Whittemore accepted a position 
 with this brother, commencing in a stibordinate 
 cai)acity, until 184il, in which year he was taken 
 into the firm as a partner. 
 
 In 1 •*>."!<) the elder brother was called to Xew 
 York, where he remained permanently. The 
 entire responsibility and management fell ui)on 
 Robert, who despite his youth managed the 
 business with the ability of a veteran. At that 
 time the business was located at what was then 
 known as No. 127 North Main. In 1<S7() the 
 business had increased until more room became 
 necessary, and the headquarters were changed 
 to the corner of Main and Vine streets. 
 
 In bS74 an offer was made that could not be 
 refused, and the hat, cap and fur business was 
 sold. A man of Air. Whittemore's energy and 
 push could not long remain idle, so he immedi- 
 ately set to work and organized a company for 
 handling and compressing cotton. Messrs. Oli- 
 ver and A. B. Ciarrison and John G. Wells were 
 his associates in this company, of which Mr. 
 Whittemore was made president. He remained 
 in this office until the company was consoli- 
 dated with the Peper Cotton Press Company, 
 under the title of the latter. Of the company 
 thus constituted Mr. Whittemore was selected 
 secretary, treasurer and general manager. In 
 such position he remained, managingthe house's 
 business with rare, good judgment, until he sold 
 out his interest in the firm in ISSD. 
 
 vSince he left the cotton business he has been 
 interested in the Levering Investment Company, 
 which belongs to the estate of Lawrason Lever- 
 ing, deceased, and was organized by the exec- 
 utors of that gentleman's estate for the purpose 
 of buving and selling lands, lots and houses and 
 doing a general real estate business. Mr. Whitte- 
 more is president of this company, and its present 
 success is largely due to his able management. 
 
 Mr. Whittemore was one of the organizers and 
 incorporators of the Lucas Bank, of which Major 
 Turner was president. This bank was after- 
 ward merged into the Mechanics' Bank, of which 
 he was for several years a director. He was 
 also the treasurer of the Mound City Mutual, the 
 first building association ever organized in St. 
 Louis, and a stockholder and life-member of the 
 Mercantile Library, as well as a member of the 
 LTniversity Club. 
 
 Mr. Whittemore was married in November, 
 1 still, to Miss Kate S. Levering, daughter of 
 Lawrason Levering. Their children are, re- 
 spectively, Lawrason L., president of the Mis- 
 souri Mantel and Decorative Company; R. B., 
 Jr. , secretary of the Missouri Iron Roofing and 
 Corrugating Company; P'rederick Churchill, 
 Louisa, Clinton L., John R., Allan P., Kather- 
 ine and Audenried. Frederick C. is a rising 
 young insurance nuin of this city. Louisa is 
 now married to Mr. Harry Knapp. 
 
lUiM.h'. l/'/f/CAL APPENDIX. 
 
 Clafl 
 lidii 
 
 cit\-, 
 he w 
 the 
 an.l 
 
 a p; 
 Win 
 
 tlie 
 
 Kissi 
 
 sti" 
 
 i.i.i'X, CiiAS. Clafi.ix, sou (if Jdliii Arlliur 
 JaiR- I':ii/.al)elli (White) Allen, was horn in 
 eil\- Jnlv -i.'), l!^'>">. Mis father was a meni- 
 i)f the widely-known hoot and shoe house of 
 u, Allen & Company. The earlier educa- 
 of Mr. Allen was received in the puhlic 
 )ls and at Washington University, of this 
 and at Princeton University, from which 
 
 as graduated in 1X7.') 
 vSt. Louis Law Sclu; 
 rccei\ed the degree 
 .' began a gen- 
 practice of law, 
 in l<Sil2 formed 
 irtuership with 
 
 I{. Fisse, under 
 
 tirm name of 
 '^l^ Allen, which 
 
 He at once entered 
 
 where he studied 
 
 )f LL.P.. in 1.S77. 
 
 continues 
 
 though deeply inter- 
 ested in all public 
 and political ques- 
 tions, his interest 
 has that wide and 
 liberal scope which 
 excludes all self- 
 seeking and consid- 
 ers questions only in 
 the light of the pub- 
 lic good. Mr. Allen 
 is in no sense a par- 
 tisan ])oliticiau; he 
 is a lawyer above 
 everything else and 
 is devoted to his pro- 
 fession, but he ne\-ertheless has acknowledged 
 the duty which he owes to his fellow-citizens 
 and has discharged such responsil)ilities with 
 unselfishness and ability. In LSSl he was 
 elected to the Thirty-first (General Assembly, 
 and during both the regular session of ISSl and 
 the extra session of the year following was a 
 member of several important committees. He 
 is an earnest advocate of purity, decency and 
 honesty in the administration of public affairs, 
 and as a member of the Civil Service Reform 
 Association of Missouri since its organization, 
 
 has done splendid work in the promotion and 
 extension of the principles it represents. 
 
 He was for some time the president of the as- 
 sociation, and has been for several years a mem- 
 ber of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science. He is also an active member 
 of the American Bar Association and a number 
 of other organizations of a kindred nature. 
 Mr. Allen is a student, a gentleman of literary 
 tastes and scholarly attainments. 
 
 On March i'7, l.S!i(), he married Miss Carrie 
 Louise Richards, of 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Among the not- 
 able achievements of 
 Mr. Allen as a legis- 
 lator may be men- 
 tioned the prepara- 
 tion of the original 
 draft of the corru])t 
 ]) radices act, de- 
 signed to pre\-ent 
 bril)ery and corrup- 
 tion in elections. 
 This measure, in an 
 enlarged form, was 
 submitted to the Alis- 
 sciuri Legislature by 
 the Cix'il vSer\-ice Re- 
 form Association, 
 and became a law 
 last \ear. He was 
 also acti\-e in secur- 
 ing the i^assage of 
 that law, as well as 
 allot Law, and other 
 
 CI.AFI.IN ALLEN. 
 
 use 
 
 Missouri .\ustra 
 ul legislation. 
 
 Kaimic, Jamhs I'jiwix, the well-known real 
 estate man of this city, and the seuim- member 
 of the firm of J. V.. & D. F. Kaime, was born in 
 Chichester, New Hampshire, June ;L IS-JS. He 
 is the son of Benjamin and Sally ( Watson ) 
 Kaime, and comes from very old families on 
 both sides of the house — families that helped to 
 make the history of New England, their ances- 
 tors liaving come to America in the seventeenth 
 
3S4 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 centurv, and being among tlie earliest colonists 
 who settled this country. 
 
 James was given a good education at the High 
 Schools at Pittsfield and Gilmington, New Hamj?- 
 shire. As he intended to fit himself as a teacher, 
 he finished his education by taking a year's course 
 at the Normal School of Bridgewater, Massa- 
 chusetts. Part of his education was also obtained 
 from a pri\-ate tutor — Rev. Wells — at Pittsfield. 
 After his education had been completed he pro- 
 cured a position as teacher in the academy at 
 Effingham, New Hampshire, next going to take 
 charge of a school at Springfield, Massachusetts, 
 this being about 1852, following his engage- 
 ment here by a six months' term as teacher of 
 the (xrauunar .School at Greenfield, New Hamp- 
 shire. 
 
 At the end of this engagement he followed 
 the great tide of young men setting westward, 
 and was borne along by it until he reached 
 Providence, a small town in Illinois, where he 
 secured charge of a school and again assumed 
 the duties of the profession of the teacher, being 
 made the principal of the Providence Academy. 
 During the three years he directed its affairs he 
 brought the academy to a high state of efficiency, 
 and demonstrated his thorough ability as a 
 teacher. The trustees of the school would have 
 been pleased to continue him in his position, 
 but his shrewd and well-balanced judgment led 
 him to the conclusion that at that time the 
 " Future Great " certainly contained all the ele- 
 ments of greatness, and was filled with opportu- 
 nities for the yoixng and ambitious, and he 
 resigned his chair of instruction and came to 
 St. Louis in July, IS.');^. 
 
 Shortly after his arrival, the school board 
 needed an assistant to Prof. J. I). I^ow, prin- 
 cipal of the High School, and so high did Mr. 
 Kaime's examination show him to stand in the 
 science of pedagogics that he was the successful 
 api^licant of a list of thirty-three. This appoint- 
 ment was the beginning of a seven years' term 
 of service in tliis school, during part of which 
 time he was instructor in mathematics, and for 
 
 one vear 
 
 e princi]i 
 
 .f tl 
 
 Becoming interested in the lumber business, he 
 
 left the school to go to Ironton, Missouri, in 
 which place, however, he remained only six 
 months, and for a year following his departure 
 from Ironton, traveled with his wife and child 
 throughout New England, visiting relatives and 
 friends in his native State as well as in Illinois. 
 
 Eighteen hundred and sixty found the family- 
 back home in St. Louis, and that year marked 
 Mr. Kaime's introduction to the real estate busi- 
 ness. A partnership was formed with Wm. H. 
 Merritt, and an office was opened at Third and 
 Pine. Two months after the partnership was 
 formed Mr. Kaime bought out Mr. Merritt's 
 interest, and ran the business alone until late in 
 the succeeding fall, when a partnership was 
 formed with W. J. Webl), under the firm style 
 of Webb X: Kaime. On January f, ISIil, the 
 headquarters of the firm were removed from 
 Pine and Third to W^ashington avenue between 
 Third and Fourth, remaining there until the 
 building of the bridge approach made another 
 removal necessary. In 18()5 Mr. Webb sold his 
 interest in the business to D. F'. Kaime, the 
 vounger lirother of Jas. E., who had come to 
 St. Louis from New Hampshire in l.s.')7, the 
 firm becoming J. E. Kaime & Brother. Under 
 such an arrangement the firm continued until 
 Jul\- 1, L'^iii, when E. F. Kaime, son of the 
 subject of this sketch was taken into partnership 
 and the style changed to J. E. Kaime & Com- 
 pany. The firm is one of the oldest and most 
 substantial real estate organizations in the city, 
 and its high standing is so generally known 
 that nothing further need be said on that point. 
 
 Mr. Kaime is a devout and prominent church- 
 man, being one of the most liberal members of 
 the Pilgrim Congregational Church, one of the 
 largest and most influential religious bodies in the 
 cit\ . He wasoneof the organizers of this church, 
 and he, together with A. M. Edgell, purchased 
 the lots on which the building now stands and 
 donated them. He also gave in cash for the 
 construction of the church, and has been one of 
 its ni(_)st liljeral contributors e\-er since. He is 
 likewise a member of both the St. Louis and 
 Mercantile cluljs. 
 
 \\'hile \et a struggling school-teacher in New 
 
o:?^ 
 
n/ocN. I r///c. I/. .1 pp/uVD/x. 
 
 
 A p 
 ontli 
 
 Eii,s;land, ^Ir. Kaiiiie fell in love with and mar- 
 ried Miss Laura L. Sherburne, of Chichesler; 
 tile weddint;; occurred May :^">, \>>'^'l. Miss 
 .Sherhurne was the daughter of Squire Sher- 
 liurnc. The marriage was a most fortunate one, 
 the wife pro\-ing a genuine helpmate to her 
 husband, until her death, on December ■>■>, 
 l.s.s:.^ 
 
 I'.ROKAW, AUGUSTI'S \' 
 
 cian of St. Louis, who, c 
 already made a name 
 for himself which 
 many medical men 
 of the most mature 
 prt)fessional experi- 
 ence might well 
 en\-y, and who gives 
 e\-erv indication of 
 
 ing his future 
 complete suc- 
 
 i s h e whose 
 name heads this ar- 
 ticle. Dr. I'.rokaw 
 was born at the St. 
 Louis City Hospital, 
 (if wliich his father 
 was then superin- 
 tendent, April (i. 
 
 surgeon, and a unml)er ol daring ai 
 but successful, operatiinis lia\-e gi 
 tioii of talent of a superior order. Hi 
 met with recognition, and he is now 
 
 1 difficult, 
 
 en iiidica- 
 
 iiierit has 
 
 surgeon of 
 
 crow I 
 
 cess 
 
 the Polvtecl 
 
 ist;;;. His educa- 
 tional training was 
 receixed in the pri- 
 mary schools of the 
 city and s u j) p 1 e - 
 men ted 1)\- the 
 courses of instruction offered 
 and High .School. 
 
 He had early determined to adopt tin 
 sidu ill which his father was such a 
 light, and, therefore, after the necessar; 
 sional schooling, he made his entry in the field 
 of medical practice in 188(5. He began prac- 
 tice as a regular physician, but soon turned his 
 attention to the surgical branch of practice, and 
 it is in that department he won his subsequent 
 successes. Marked skill, confidence and pro- 
 gressivencss have characterized his work as a 
 
 shining 
 ■ profes- 
 
 St. John's Hospital and consulting surgeon to 
 the City and French hcspitals. 
 
 As a lecturer he has shown an understanding 
 of his sul.ijects which makes his services most 
 valuable to colleges, and at the present time he 
 is the professor of anatomy in the Missouri Med- 
 ical College, as well as demonstrator of anatomy 
 and operative sur- 
 ger>- at the same in- 
 stitution. He is a 
 ill ember of the Amer- 
 ican Medical Asso- 
 ciation, tlie.St. Louis 
 .Medical Society, the 
 .Southern Surgical 
 and Gynsecological 
 Society and the Med- 
 ico-Chirurgical So- 
 ciety. 
 
 f)r. Urokaw was 
 married October Id, 
 isss, to Mi.ss Julia 
 I'eiiii Crawford, of 
 Alabama. 
 
 Although only 
 thirt\'-oiie years of 
 age. Dr. Brokaw has 
 gained an excellent 
 reputation which is 
 cxteiisi\e in the ex- 
 treme. 
 ,io\i), was born in County Tip- 
 May 2;'), 1<S-2!I, where his father 
 He attended a local private 
 ith \-ear, when he went to 
 farm, where he remained 
 
 Ci.K. 
 perary 
 
 RV, Rhi. 
 Ireland, 
 was a farmer, 
 school until his fifteci 
 work on his father's 
 until he was twenty. 
 
 Ill 1850 he came to America and at once set- 
 tled in St. Louis, where his brother-in-law, P. 
 Ryan, resided. For a year he drove a team for 
 Mr. Rvau, who was contractor on Manchester 
 road, and he next secured a position under John 
 J. Auder.son, of Carondelet, for whom he worked 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 until I'S.M, taking care of his horses and doing 
 other work around the place. 
 
 For the next eleven years he was engaged in 
 the retail grocery and feed business. In the 
 year 18(i;), he, having saved considerable money, 
 organized the firm of Cleary & Taylor, commis- 
 sion merchants, with headquarters at 21) South 
 Commercial street. In 1875 a branch estab- 
 lishment was opened in Chicago, :Mr. Taylor 
 going to that city to take charge of it, and two 
 years later the firm dissolved partnership, Mr. 
 Cleary retaining the St. Louis connection. 
 
 In 1H8S he incorporated his btxsiness under 
 the name of Redmond Cleary Commission Com- 
 pany, with a paid-up capital of $200, OOO. The 
 house does a very large and exceedingly sound 
 business, with R. Cleary at the head of it, hav- 
 ing forced his way to the front from a very 
 humble commencement. 
 
 Stoddart, Thomas A., was born in Pliila- 
 delphia, Pennsyh'ania, September 10, IS:^;), 
 and was educated in his nati\-e city. In l'S4'.> 
 he became acquainted with Mr. Charles A. 
 Perry, then one of the leading merchants of 
 Northwest Missouri, living at Weston, Platte 
 county. That gentleman described in such 
 glowing colors the opportunities and advantages 
 which awaited an active and ambitious 3-oung 
 man in the West, that on his return to his west- 
 ern home he was accompanied by young Stod- 
 dart, to whom he offered a position in his estab- 
 lishment, then doing business under the name 
 of Perry & Young. He remained with the firm 
 until 1851, and then went to Salt Lake City. 
 From there he returned to Philadelphia, and 
 then drifted back to Weston, where he again 
 engaged in business. 
 
 Mr. Stoddart was married at Glasgow, ;\Iis- 
 souri, September in, 1S5(;, to :\Irs. Anna Dickey, 
 )icc i\IcCoy. 
 
 His business engagements at Weston ha\-ing 
 terminated about this time he came to St. 
 Louis, and through the kind offices and influ- 
 ence of Mr. Charles A. Perry, who was at that 
 time a member of the Legislature, J\lr. Stoddart 
 was elected book-keeper of the old Southern 
 
 Bank of St. Louis, which had been chartered 
 under the general banking law of Missouri en- 
 acted in 1855. The bank opened for business 
 June 17, 1857, and was continued until December, 
 1863, when it was converted into the Third Na- 
 tional Bank of St. Louis under the national 
 banking act of 18(i2. It was one of the first 
 national banks organized, receiving its certifi- 
 cate December 25, 18«3. In March, 18(14, .Mr. 
 Stoddart was elected cashier, and has continued 
 to fill that position ever since. 
 
 He is a financier of marked ability, and a 
 sound, conservative man. 
 
 Peckham, Osgood Hazzarh, who is so 
 closely identified with the manufacturing inter- 
 ests of St. Louis, and whose efforts more than 
 those of any one man have contributed to the 
 upbuilding of the candy-making industry, 
 claims Ne\v York as his native State, having 
 been born in Oneida county, September 9, 1844. 
 Hence he is now nearly fifty years of age, though 
 his appearance would lead the observer to the 
 l>elief that he lacked a dozen years of the half 
 century mark. He spent his youth at home, 
 attending the public schools of Oneida county 
 until eighteen years of age, when in common 
 with many other youths of that time, he acted 
 on the advice of Horace Greeley and migrated to 
 Davenport, Iowa, then as now, a town of con- 
 siderable prominence. 
 
 He began his study of the experiences of 
 actual life behind the counter of a Davenport 
 hotel, where he obtained a situation as clerk, a 
 place that offered excellent facilities to study 
 human nature, a study from which he has since 
 derived great benefit. A wider field in which to 
 continue this lesson was to be found in the 
 position he accepted a year later as traveling 
 salesman for the wholesale grocery hotise of 
 H. B. Evans & Company, of Davenport. Al- 
 though he was without technical experience he 
 proved his ability as a salesman at once; but he 
 was ambitious and always watching for a chance 
 to better his condition, and after two years of 
 traveling he resigned and moved to Chicago 
 where he accepted employment as a traveling 
 
r,n h;r.\phica[. append/x. 
 
 MS 7 
 
 salesniau for Day, Allen (S: Company. With 
 tliis firm he remained tliree years, extending his 
 acqnaintance and l)ecomin<; more vahiable each 
 \ ear to tlie honse, which accepted his resigna- 
 tion with rehictance when he presented it in 
 order to accept an offer of Farrington, Brewster 
 & Company, who had made liim a most advan- 
 tageous proposition. 
 
 He was a man of too much spirit and ambition 
 to l)e satisfied in the position of an employe, and 
 after two year's traveling for Farrington, Brews- 
 ter & Company, he 
 turned in his samplc 
 cases and in \>>l-> 
 came to St. Louis 
 for the purpose of 
 entering business on 
 his own account. As 
 the candy business 
 was in its infancy, 
 he shrewdly foresaw 
 that it offered great 
 promise of expan- 
 sion. By years of 
 economy he had 
 saved some money, 
 but it was only in a 
 small way that he 
 established himself 
 at the corner of \'ine 
 and Second streets 
 as a wholesale cand\- 
 dealer. 
 
 .\t first business 
 was done under the 
 
 firm name of O. H. Peckham & Company, which 
 was sul)sequeutl\- changed to Dunham, Peck- 
 ham & Company. Within a year after this 
 change Mr. Peckham sold out his interest to the 
 Dunham ^Manufacturing Companx , and re-estab- 
 lished himself in business at Xo. 7011 Xorth 
 Second street, under the old .style of O. H. Peck- 
 ham X: Company. Two years afterward he 
 moved to the corner of Second street and Christy 
 a\eune, but a year later his plant was consumed 
 by the fire which destroyed the building and 
 goods of the (ireeley-Buruham Ciroccr Compau)-. 
 
 O. H. PECKHAM. 
 
 His next step was to purchase the plant and 
 good-will of the Dunham .Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, the business of which he conducted until 
 ISSK), when fire for the second time laid his plant 
 in ruins. He was not discouraged, and it was 
 only a short time until with new and improved 
 nuichinery and a largely increased capacity he 
 was established in the Eads Building at the cor- 
 nor of Se^■euth and Spruce streets, a structure 
 that was erected especially for him and is the 
 largest and most perfect building devoted to the 
 business of cand}'- 
 making in the 
 United States. The 
 firm occupies the 
 entire six floors and 
 devotes its attention 
 ■ exclusively to the 
 manufacture of cou- 
 fectionery. The 
 finest equipment and 
 the newest and most 
 impro\-ed machinery 
 have enabled it to 
 approximate perfec- 
 tion in its special 
 line and has pro- 
 moted the growth of 
 the business until 
 to-day the house 
 sells to se\'ent\--five 
 per cent of the 
 candy jobbers of the 
 Ignited States, who 
 constitute their en- 
 tire list of patrons and supporters. 
 
 That the house has thus reached such magnifi- 
 cent results is due almost entirely to the talent 
 of Mr. Peckham. He is untiring in his indus- 
 tr\-, of indomitable courage and with progress- 
 ive and original ideas, which applied to the 
 manufacture of confectionery has made his 
 business what it is. In bSSH the business had 
 increased to that volume where incorporation 
 was deemed expedient. The O. H. Peckham 
 Candy Manufact(.)ry Com])any was the title 
 assumed, while Mr. Peckham was elected presi- 
 
?,s.s 
 
 OLD AXn NEIV ST. LOr/S. 
 
 (lent, an office he has since held. Hisstandino- 
 in the trade was shown by his unanimous elec- 
 tion to the presidency of the National Confec- 
 tioners' Association at the annual meetino; of 
 that body in 1891 in St. Louis. 
 
 Mr. Peckhani, aside from his manufacturing 
 interests, is one of the most \'aluable citizens of 
 St. Louis, being prominently identified with 
 and a promoter of every scheme tending to con- 
 tribute to the welfare of the city. He is a man 
 of liberal ideas and a believer in progress, and is 
 an active member of the Merchants' Exchange. 
 His name is also on the mem1)ers' book of the 
 Mercantile Club. 
 
 He has been married twice, the first time to 
 Miss Fannie .Sherwood, of Utica, New York, 
 October, bSTd, and who died in I.SS!^!. To this 
 marriage four children were born, only two of 
 which, Frank E. and Mary F., are now li\ing. 
 His second wife, Mrs. Susie H. Clark, to whom 
 he was married in March, l-siH, was also a New 
 York lady, a native of Syracuse. 
 
 SCHOTTKX, HuBKRTUS, the present senior 
 partner of the old firm of Wm. Schotten & 
 Company, has been conspicuously identified 
 with the commercial growth of St. Louis for 
 over twenty years. 
 
 ]\Ir. Schotten was born in St. IvOnis, AIa\- :^8, 
 bS.")5, and was the eldest son of the late William 
 Schotten. His father was a native of (ierman\-, 
 who emigrated to America in the early forties, 
 settling at St. Louis. After receiving the usual 
 primary instructions in the preparatory schools, 
 Hubertus entered Saint Joseph's College, near 
 Effingham, Illinois. After four years of col- 
 legiate studies he quit college and began assist- 
 ing his father in his business, showing from the 
 .start a remarkable aptitude for commercial pur- 
 suits, which soon developed into a practical 
 knowledge of business unusual for a bov of his 
 years. 
 
 His father was strict and exacting, and the 
 bo>- in consequence was well acquainted with 
 hard work long before he gained his majoritv. 
 When nineteen years old his father died after a 
 short illness. Hubertus took his father's death 
 
 \-ery much to heart, his mother having died 
 when he was a child. 
 
 The business established by his father in 1.S47, 
 on a very small scale, had by this time attained 
 large proportions for that line of business, and 
 its management was by no means a small affair, 
 as it required a knowledge and experience that 
 was possessed by but few at that time in the 
 territory which was then essentially known as 
 the West. It devolved upon young Schotten to 
 assume the management of the business. Under 
 his guidance a steady progress was made from 
 the start. 
 
 In the course of a few }ears it became e\i- 
 deut that he possessed not only the ability, but 
 an indomitable will that left no room to doubt 
 the future success of the old house. Meeting 
 with many obstacles and disappointments, even 
 from those from whom he might have expected 
 encouragement, was a severe enough test to 
 have discouraged a much older man than he, 
 but in his line of business he became the leader, 
 a place he holds to this dav. 
 
 Five years after ha\-ing assumed the mauage- 
 uient he was given an interest in the business, 
 having only received a salary up to this time. 
 The second year after his admittance to the firm 
 with a j-ounger brother the interest of his 
 father's estate was withdrawn altogether, lea\- 
 ing the liusiness in the hands of him and his 
 brother, h'rom this time on the jirogress of the 
 house became more apparent, and it took rank 
 with the foremost in the country. 
 
 William Schotten & Company are looked 
 u]5on in the trade as one of the most reliable 
 spice firms in this country. St. Louis is fortu- 
 nate in the possession of many firms of (.)ld 
 standing which have grown \\\> with the cit\-, 
 contributed to its advancement, and in turn 
 shared prosperity with it. The firm of vSchot- 
 ten & Company is conspicuous among these. 
 
 In IN.SO Mr. Schotten married Miss Addie 
 Helming, of Milwaukee, daughter of R. H. 
 Helming, an old resident of that cit\'. The 
 union turned out to be a ha]iiiy one. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Hubertus Schotten ha\e only one child, a 
 daughter. 
 
- *' ^ 
 
nrocR.irHiCAL appenpix. 
 
 ;s<) 
 
 Harkkian, LavrkncI':, chief of police of the 
 citv of .St. Louis, lias been desionated time and 
 a,L;ainbv conipett-nt judges as " the finest police- 
 uian in the United States." Certainly, no more 
 efficient, sagacious or untiring police officer 
 exists. Colonel Harrigan, as a patrolman, a 
 detective, a subordinate police official and the 
 head of the police department of St. Ivouis for 
 niaii\- \eavs, won a renown in liis jirofcssion 
 which is worhl-wide. His eminence is undis- 
 
 On tl 
 
 ISi 
 madi 
 
 1 of May, l.S(iS, Ser- 
 ' chief of detecti\-es. 
 Septend)er 2t;, ISTd, 
 March .s, 1X71, aL-'ain 
 
 he St; 
 
 among those 
 
 of sergeant. 
 
 geant Harri, _ 
 
 He resigned this jiosition 
 
 but returned to the force 
 
 as a sergeant. 
 
 On the 1st of June, 1.S74, he was appointed 
 chief of police. He held this office until the 
 I'Slh of Xo\ember, IS?;'), when he again re- 
 signed. He was made chief again on the fSth 
 of January, 1SS4, but resigned his position .Ma\- 
 4, ISSfi, to accept an office from President Cleve- 
 land, at the expira- 
 
 upon to show a depth 
 of tliought, a pene- 
 tration and a keen- 
 ness of insight which 
 are deemed as special 
 mental gifts, and 
 when developed bv 
 shrewd observation 
 and perfect knowl- 
 edge of human nat- 
 ure, are looked upon 
 as marvelous facul- 
 ties. 
 
 Laurence Harri- 
 gan is a nati\'e of 
 Ireland, having been 
 born in that country 
 on June 1."), l.s;;4. 
 He c a m e to t h e 
 United States when 
 li e was fo u rtee n 
 \ears of age and re- 
 mained in New York 
 Cit\' until L'^-'i;>, when he came to St. Louis. 
 
 He went to work at the bench of a shoemaker, 
 learned the trade and worked at it until LS;')?, 
 when he was ap]M)inted on the jiolice force as a 
 ]xitrolman. This was on June l.'.th of that 
 year. ( )n the liHh of June he was j^romoted to 
 the rank of sergeant, a position he held until 
 the null of October, IMCi;, when he was made 
 lieutcuaiU of jiolice. 
 
 May -'7, isiw, he resigned from the force. 
 On the :'.nth (.1 Xovember, liStu, he was again 
 l)laced on the force, recei\ing the api)ointment 
 
 \ 
 
 tion o: 
 
 which he was 
 
 reappointed chief of 
 
 ]iolice 
 
 May ^(t, LS90. 
 
 This 
 
 )ffice lie still 
 
 holds 
 
 to thesatisfac- 
 
 tion o 
 
 politicians of 
 
 e\ery 
 
 grade. 
 
 He 
 
 was ma rri ed 
 
 June, 
 
 IS.-.C, to Miss 
 
 r.ucy 
 
 Cole, of St. 
 
 r.onis 
 
 and has three 
 
 child 
 
 ren li\-ing, 
 
 Laura 
 
 M. ( wife of 
 
 w. J. 
 
 liaker), Lau- 
 
 rence 
 
 V. and Eliz- 
 
 LAURENCE HARRIOAN 
 
 abetli. His ])arents 
 were James H. and 
 Elizabeth ( Scanlan ) 
 Harrigan. 
 
 Chief Ha rri gan 
 has, in the period of 
 his police experi- 
 ence, figured in many 
 of the most notable captures in the criminal 
 history of the United States. In every ]iositioii 
 that he held he was feared by law-breakers and 
 admired by his a.ssociates for his intrepid bravery, 
 his iron determination and his tii ' 
 
 Iwavs 
 
 He has known nothing but the dut\ 
 before him, and this he has 
 with religions zeal. 
 
 In his civil positions he h; 
 strong execiiti\'e al)ility as 
 As a (leteeli\-e, he was with( 
 a chief of department in polic 
 
 activity, 
 that lay 
 ^charged 
 
 ^ shown the same 
 11 his ])olice life, 
 nt a peer, and as 
 ' circles, has ne\-er 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. 'LOUIS. 
 
 been equaled. He has always been prominent 
 in political life, and a citizen of whom St. Louis 
 has always had reason to be proud. 
 
 Oi'P, Frederick, son of John and .Minnie 
 (Bushing) Opp, was born at Lawrencetnirg, 
 Indiana, 1«55. His parents moved into Durban 
 county, Indiana, where he worked on a farm 
 until 1870, when he went to Gainesville, Texas, 
 remaining in the South about a year. In Sep- 
 tember 1871 he came to St. Louis, where he 
 .secured employment in the establishment of 
 Wood, Kingsland & Company, with whom he 
 remained for nine years, doing excellent work . 
 and acquiring very valuable experience. In 
 1880 he accepted a position with Messrs. Buse 
 & Morell, with which firm he was connected 
 for three years. 
 
 In October, 1S8.H, Mr. Opp, haviirg saved a 
 considerable sum of money and acquired a very 
 intimate knowledge of the tobacco business, as- 
 sociated himself with Mr. F. Wm. Weinheimer, 
 forming the firm of Weinheimer & Ojjp, which 
 established itself at No. 20(5 Walnut street as 
 wholesale tobacco leaf merchants. Both mem- 
 bers of the firm are acti\-e and well resj^ected 
 men, and they have now a very large trade in 
 the city which is recognized as the finest tobacco 
 market in the world. The firm occupies a four- 
 story building with a commodious basement, 
 ha\ing a floor area of 32x120 feet fully equipped 
 with every convenience for the accommodation 
 of their extensive stock. Shipments of tobacco 
 are constantly being received from Connecticut, 
 Wisconsin, New York and Pennsylvania, while 
 the firm also handles immense quantities of the 
 finest grades of the Havana and Sumatra out- 
 put. Mr. Opp visits Cuba every year personally 
 in order to secure the finest tobacco raised on 
 that island, and this he sells to the manufactur- 
 ers of the finest cigars sold in this country. 
 
 The house has regular customers as far south 
 as New Orleans, as far north as St. Paul, with 
 many as far east as Cincinnati, and even farther 
 west than Denver. Both partners are energetic 
 and liberal business men, very popular in trade 
 circles, and noted throughout the couutr\- for 
 
 their energy, generosity and sterling integrity. 
 VlX. Opp is a very busy and active man, but he 
 finds time to do good work on behalf of the ]Ma- 
 sonic fraternity, of which he is a member, as 
 well as a Knight Templar. He is also a prom- 
 inent member of the Mercantile Club, and has 
 found time to assist in a number of important 
 enteri:)rises, including the East End Impro\e- 
 ment Association. 
 
 He married, in the year IS.SI, ]iliss Cnisie 
 Fernkas and has two children, Harold P). and 
 Gusie. 
 
 ^lORTOX, TcRXKR B., SOU of FraukHu and 
 Lucy (Frame) ^lorton, was born (;)ctoher i'l, 
 l>!4;i, at :\Iilton, Illinois. He was educated at 
 the common schools, where he remained until 
 sixteen years of age, when he accepted a posi- 
 tion as clerk in a dry goods store, where he re- 
 mained for two 3-ears. Then his employer 
 added a grain branch to his establishment, and 
 young Mr. Morton acted as clerk and manager 
 in the warehouse for eight years. 
 
 In 187.') Mr. Morton came to St. Louis, where 
 he clerked for ]\Iessrs. Wright, Rickert ^c Com- 
 pany for a year and a half, after which he re- 
 turned to Milton and established himself in the 
 hotel and confectionery business. He was ap- 
 pointed postmaster of the town, and held the 
 ofhce to the general satisfaction of the people 
 for two years. In 1877 he returned to St. Louis 
 and acted as clerk for ^lessrs. W. P. Rickert & 
 Company until that firm's retirement from busi- 
 ness in 18.S4. 
 
 He then formed a co-partnership with Messrs. 
 Alvan L. Messmore and John M. Gannett, form- 
 ing the firm of Messmore, Gannett & Company, 
 commission merchants. This is now one of the 
 largest commission houses in the cit>-, and it 
 has connections throughout the entire West and 
 South. He is a very prominent member of the 
 Merchants' Exchange, and exceedingly popular 
 with all his fellow-members. 
 
 Although devoting his time to his business in 
 a very conscientious way he is also a very prom- 
 inent Odd F'ellow, and is treasurer of the .\rtisan 
 Building and Loan Association. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 391 
 
 .Mr. Morton m; 
 Jeanette L. .\ller 
 fi\-e children — CI 
 Tnrner I>., fr. 
 
 rried in Xo\'ei 
 , of Millon, II 
 uule, Jennie, ] 
 
 I.ST:., .Miss 
 . He has 
 Lucia and 
 
 Ri 
 
 K, \Vn.i.i.\.M .\i.i-RKi), vice-president of 
 tlie Christopher & Simpson .\rchitectnral Iron 
 and Fonndry Company, is a native of this city, 
 where lie was born June i;!, 1S.'»,S, and here 
 he likewise rec 
 
 his education, attendiu'^ 
 until fifteen years old, 
 
 tlie puljlic schools 
 when he began to 
 earn his own living 
 by entering the em- 
 ploy of William El- 
 lison ^: Son, ma- 
 chinists, as a clerk 
 and book-keeper. 
 Remaining but two 
 years at this work 
 in these shops, he 
 then accepted a po- 
 sition with the Chris- 
 topher & Simpson 
 .\rchitectural Iron 
 and Foundry Com- 
 jiany, with which 
 he has Ijeen con- 
 nected ever since. 
 He soon made his 
 employers aware of 
 his industry, quick- 
 ness and the finished 
 manner in which he 
 did all his work, and 
 
 was gradually advanced until in 1SS:.\ when 
 the firm was incorporated under the present 
 st\le, he was liolding a responsible position. .\t 
 that time he was made vice-president of the com- 
 pany, a position he has occupied ever since. 
 
 He has made it his business to become thor- 
 oughly acquainted with the business in which 
 he is engaged, with the result that he is consid- 
 ered one of the best-posted men in the West on 
 architectural iron work. He takes a deep inter- 
 est in everything relating to the construction of 
 bnildings, and in LS-Sll was president of the 
 
 Mechanics" F^Kchange, now known as the 
 Ihiilders' F^xchange. His administration of the 
 affairs of this office was accomplished in a most 
 successful manner, and is still prominent in the 
 coun.sels of the E.xchange. Outside of his con- 
 nection with the iron company, Mr. Rutter is 
 also secretary of the Glenny Brothers Glass 
 Company, of which his father-in-law is presi- 
 dent, but during office hours he devotes his 
 entire attention to the architectural iron com- 
 ])any, the trade of which is extensive and the 
 responsibilities 
 heavy, a large share 
 of both devolving on 
 the vice-president. 
 So entirely does he 
 rrnderstand and so 
 thoroughly has he 
 the business system- 
 ized that he has be- 
 come a most valua- 
 ble man to the com- 
 pany, and is respon- 
 sible in a full share 
 for the company's 
 prosperit\'. 
 
 He is very popu- 
 lar everywhere and 
 especially among 
 contractors and 
 builders, where his 
 trade relations ha\-e 
 made him known. 
 He is a representa- 
 tive and patriotic 
 vSt. Fonisan, and an earnest and enthusiastic 
 supporter of e\ery means having for its purpose 
 the material advancement of St. Louis. Mr. 
 Rutter is of English blood, his father, William 
 Rutter, being a native of that country, who came 
 to America in 1840, settling in St. Louis, where 
 he has conducted a livery business ever since. 
 His mother's maiden name was Maria Gosnell. 
 The subject of this sketch was married October 
 2(), ISSO, to Miss Annie Belle Glenny, a St. Louis 
 lad\-. They have three children, William A., 
 Ralph (;. and John (i. 
 
 -FRED RITTRR. 
 
392 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Praxgk, Frkdkkicr William, son of Fran- 
 cis and Mary Prange, was born in Westphalia, 
 Germany, :\Iarcli 31, 1828. He received his 
 early edncation in the private schools of his 
 native city, and when twenty-one years of age 
 came to America. He arrived in New York in 
 1849, and came on direct to St. Lonis by the 
 canal ronte, and landed in his fnture city and 
 home with only five dollars in gold. 
 
 He at once looked around for sonre means of 
 earning a livelihood, and obtained a position 
 with the late S. R. Bosier as office-boy and 
 driver. This position he retained for a few 
 months, but then gave it up and commenced to 
 learn the carpenter's trade, attending night 
 school in the meantime. At the end of three 
 years he had become a competent carpenter. 
 
 In the meantime his brother, Casper Henry, 
 had arrived from the old country, where he had 
 received a thorough training and apprenticeship 
 as a cabinent-maker. The brothers went into 
 partnership and started business on their own 
 account. In li^.")2 they erected a small frame 
 building on Kleventh street, between .\nglerodt 
 and Destrehan streets, in which they soon 
 worked up quite a valuable business; but their 
 factory, with a large stock of manufactui'ed fur- 
 niture, together with a valuable stock of fine 
 lumber, was entirely destroyed by fire in l.s.'iii. 
 
 But Mr. F. W. Prange was not the man to 
 be discouraged by this misfortune, so began work 
 at once, and while his means were small, his 
 credit was great, and he erected a large and com- 
 modious brick factory with the latest improved 
 machinery and with a large private lumber yard 
 connected, which occupies one-half block, giving 
 employment to about seventy-five skilled work- 
 men. In bSCS the Bremen Savings Bank was 
 organized, and Mr. Prange was made a director, 
 being one of the principal stockholders, with 
 Mr. Marshall Broderton as president. 
 
 In 1878 Mr. I'\ W. Prange was elected presi- 
 dent, and when the bank was reincorporated in 
 1888 as the Bremen Bank, Mr. Prange was 
 re-elected as president, which position he still 
 holds. He has contributed much towards 
 establishing the bank on the verv firm and sub- 
 
 stantial footing it now enjoys, and it nows 
 carries a very large number of very hea\y ac- 
 counts for wealthy (xerman-.lmerican business 
 and professional men. 
 
 Mr. Prange continued his active management 
 in the furniture and cabinet making business 
 until the }'ear 1882, when he turned o\er his 
 interest to his son, Louis Henry, and his nephew, 
 Frank, the latter a son of Mr. C. H. Prange, who 
 died in the year 1879, and since then he has 
 devoted his entire time and attention to his 
 banking business. 
 
 Mr. Prange married in the year 18.');> Miss 
 Meier, a native of Westphalia, Germany. He 
 ha.s had seven children, of whom two sons and 
 one daughter are now living. The three are 
 all grown up and are heads of families of their 
 own. His eldest son, Henry Louis, is now the 
 superintendent of the Prange Furniture Com- 
 pany of this city. His second son, John, is a 
 farmer near ]\It. Olive, Illinois, and his daughter, 
 .\nnie, is the wife of Henry Naber, the well- 
 known lumber man. 
 
 LlEDiNGHAUS, Henry, son of Henry and 
 Mary Luedinghaus, was born in Westercanpel, 
 (lermany, July 11, 18;-};->. 
 
 In 185;'), at the age of t\vent>-two, he embarked 
 for .\merica, coming direct to St. Louis; in 
 LS.")!! engaged in the wagon business by himself 
 until 18().'), and then with his brother-in-law 
 under the firm name of Luedinghaus v\: .Vrens- 
 man, which ]iartnership continued until the 
 death of Mr. Arensman in 18(i8, after which 
 he conducted the business in his own name uji 
 to IS.Sii, when, upon the formation of the 
 Luedinghaus-Espenschied, Manufacturing Com- 
 pauv (with Fred. Espenschied, who had suc- 
 ceeded to the business of his father), he l)e- 
 came president of the company. 
 
 In l.SS!) he purchased Mr. Espen.schied's in- 
 terest, and in company of his sons has carried 
 it on ever since. He is at present filling the 
 positions of both president and treasurer. 
 
 .Mr. Luedinghaus is a man of firm business 
 a1)ilily, as is apth- demonstrated in the effi- 
 cient manner in which the affairs of the com- 
 
^j///^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 ?,\)?, 
 
 pany have been so invaiial:)ly conducted. 
 In May, 1857, he was united in niarriau;e to 
 Miss Anna Arensman. They have six children, 
 Amelia, Henry, Emma, Julia, William and 
 Otto. 
 
 Collins, Robert K. — The prominent .St. 
 Louis lawyer, Robert K. Collins, was born at 
 the village of Florence, in Pike county, Illinois, 
 January 7, 1851, and is the son of Muuroe R. 
 and Esther (Baker) Collins. He is thus related 
 to the powerful Lin- 
 del 1 family, and 
 through such de- 
 scent inherited real 
 estate and other 
 wealth which places 
 him beyond the ne- 
 cessity of following!; 
 a jnofession for a 
 livelihood; but he is 
 actuated by the prin- 
 ciple that there is 
 work for e\-ery man 
 to do and that there 
 is none so unfortu- 
 nate as the idle, and 
 accordingl)- he fol- 
 lows the law from a 
 trennine love for it, 
 
 tevotion 
 been n 
 a succes 
 
 which 
 
 •arded 
 
 that 
 
 jiartnership which lastcil Iwn \ears. This was 
 followed b)- a i)arlucrslii]) with his old ])re- 
 ceptor, Britton .\. Hill. 
 
 After four \ears this was also dissoh-ed and 
 the present ])artnership formed with Dorse)' A 
 Jamison, which as a legal firm is now the oldest 
 in the cit>-. Mr. Collins handles a general legal 
 business, but it seems to have been his fortune 
 during the last eighteen years to have appeared 
 as counsel in a great many important cases. 
 One of these in particular, which might be 
 mentioned, was the 
 case of (ilasgow \-s. 
 Baker, which was a 
 suit in ejectment 
 brought b\ the pub- 
 lic sch..nl c.Mumis- 
 sioners of St. Louis, 
 wlio claimed title to 
 f laud 
 in the West 
 Mr. Collins 
 counsel for 
 l.S,S4, 
 
 located in 
 
 End. 
 
 became 
 
 defendant 
 
 but the 
 
 been pern 
 
 ase 
 
 the 
 
 1. He 
 
 niit to a 
 conclus 
 
 nee 
 •sed 
 
 pr 
 success- 
 ion for 
 I d a u t s 
 
 has g r e a 1 1 >■ i n- 
 creased the wealth 
 of his inheritance. 
 
 While Robert was yet an infant his parents 
 reuu)ved to ,St. Jvouis. After he had taken the 
 preparatory courses at various schools in this 
 city, he was sent to the celebrated Washington 
 and Lee University at Lexington, Virginia, and 
 graduated in 1872. He immediately determined 
 to ;ido]it the law, and on his return to St. Louis 
 began his reading in the office of Britton A. 
 Hill, afterward finishing at the St. Louis Law 
 School. He was given admission to the bar in 
 \X'rl, and with James L. Carlisle formed a 
 
 ROBERT E. COLLINS, 
 
 Mr. Collins w; 
 Bishop, of I'.altim 
 
 through the Circuit 
 Court, the Court of 
 .\ppealsand the vSii- 
 preme Court of the 
 United States. 
 
 luxrried to Miss Ida K. 
 
 ?ilar\laud, in \X1'.\. 
 
 bo 
 
 Tkichm.\xx, Chaklh.s H., 
 Celle, Hanover, on July i'7, XX'.Vl. His father, 
 Friederich Teichmann, was a man honored in 
 his native land, and for forty-eight years held 
 the responsible position of title inspector in one 
 of the high courts of justice in C.ermany. His 
 mother's maiden name was Christiana Hole- 
 kaiu]). 
 
 He was educated in a private school, taking 
 
394 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 the collegiate course at the university or gymna- 
 siuiii, wliich he left in l''^47 to go to Brunswick, 
 where he expected to learn mercantile business. 
 
 At that time the stories of the freedom and 
 fortune to be found in America attracted his 
 attention, and that with the testimony of friends 
 who were here or had been here, clinched his 
 determination, and he accordingly severed his 
 connection with his emp]o)-ers at Brunswick and 
 sailed for America. He first set foot on the 
 shore of America at New York, in August l<s4ii. 
 
 When he arrived he had little worldly wealth, 
 but was full of youth, hope and ambition, and 
 immediately set about the search for employ- 
 ment, which he soon found in a mercantile 
 establishment, keeping the books, doing office 
 work, etc. He held this position about two 
 years, when he again concluded to move west- 
 ward. He was engaged as book-keeper by 
 Louis Speck, who was at that time in the whole- 
 sale notion business on Main street, to accompany 
 him to St. Louis, where they arrived in the 
 summer of IS.');!. Young Teichmann at once 
 entered upon his work as the book-keeper of the 
 firm of L. & C. Speck & Company. In bS.');") he 
 was offered a better position by Angelrodt & 
 Barth, commission merchants, and acted as 
 salesman for them for two years, when, being 
 convinced that the best way to get ahead in the 
 world was as proprietor of some business, he, 
 in 1S,")7, in conjunction with Mr. Andrew Einst- 
 mann, who perished at the great Southern Hotel 
 fire in 1877, established the firm of Teichmann 
 & Company, of which he is now the head. 
 
 The firm does a general commission business, 
 making the handling of barley a specialtv. 
 Im-oui the beginning the firm has extended its 
 territory and influence, until it has become to- 
 day one of the foremost and most influential 
 firms in its line in St. Louis or the West. In 
 1«IS'2 the business had expanded to such an 
 extent that incorporation became desiral)le, and 
 this step changed the style of the firm to the 
 Teichmann Commission Companv. Mr. Teich- 
 mann was made the president of the company, 
 and has held the ofiice ever since. 
 
 Since bS.J.') Mr. Teichmann has been an 
 
 honored and influential member of the Mer- 
 chants" Exchange. His worth and executive 
 talent have been recognized by his fellow-mem- 
 bers, and twice has been elected as vice-presi- 
 dent, and also served two years on the board of 
 directors, besides having been at various times 
 called to serve on every committee pertaining 
 to that body. On December 24, 1889, he was 
 nominated in caucus for president, but declined 
 the honor on account of his contemplated trip 
 to Europe, his health being impaired. All men 
 of Mr. Teichmann's probity, ability and influ- 
 ence generally meet with recognition bv the 
 community in which the\- live, and their names 
 and services are in demand by various im- 
 portant enterprises, and Mr. Teichmann has 
 not proved an exception. For eleven )ears he 
 was i^resident of the United States Savings In- 
 stitution, but resigned the oflfice in 1875 to go to 
 Germany. For twenty-five years he has been 
 interested in the Jefferson Insurance Company, 
 and has been its vice-president. 
 
 When the war broke out in b'^iil Mr. Teich- 
 mann was one of the first to enlist in the Second 
 United States Reserve Corps, Colonel Kallman 
 commanding, and he was appointed first ser- 
 geant of Company H; as such with his com- 
 pany he joined the General Fremont expedition 
 by steamboats for Birds Point, remaining there 
 in camp for thirty days. At the end of his 
 enlistment for three months he was honorabh' 
 discharged. Later he was sworn into the 
 United States service twice, to guard the cit\". 
 
 He is considered one of the benevolent men 
 of the city, and has done much for his less 
 fortunate fellow-men. He is a member and 
 trustee of the Merchants' Exchange Benevolent 
 Societ\-, and for over five years has been a meni- 
 ])er of the ^lullanphy Board. In social and 
 club life as well as in business circles he is a 
 conspicuous figure, and is a member of the 
 Germania Club as well as the Liederkranz. I\Ir. 
 Teichmann's marriage took place on September 
 .'), 18.")7, and Mi.ss Emily Bang, of Germany, 
 was the lady who became his life partner. Of 
 this marriage has been born five children, three 
 li\ing; William C, (_)tto L. and Anna. 
 
BIOGRAPHICA f. APPENDIX. 
 
 sn5 
 
 IIia'KKL, Ckorgk p., son of Cliarlcs and 
 I{IiiR- ( Fathiiiaii ) Heckel, was l)orn in vSt. Lonis 
 in the year ls.'>il. He was edncated at tlie pnb- 
 lic scliools, and took a course at the Jones' Com- 
 mercial College. At the age of fonrteen lie com- 
 menced to learn the hardware bnsiness, remain- 
 ing a few years in the establishment of G. A. 
 Spaunagel, and then securing a position in the 
 wliolesale honse of Hilger & Company. The 
 bnlk of his training was, however, witli the 
 Sliapleigli-Cantwell Hardware Compan)-, in 
 wliose employ he 
 continued until the 
 year 1888. During 
 his long connection 
 with this house he 
 filled se\-eral ])osi- 
 tions, his integrity 
 and industry rapidh' 
 ]nishing him to the 
 front. He was in 
 control of \'arious 
 dejxirtmeuts and ac- 
 quired a full insight 
 into the business in 
 its minutest detail. 
 
 In the year ISSN 
 he decided to use the 
 small capital he had 
 accumulated out t)f 
 his sa\Mngs in estab- 
 lishing a business on 
 his own a c count . 
 He accord i ngl y 
 secured premises at 
 
 Cass avenue and I^-ifteenth street, where he 
 opened as C.ecirge P. Heckel i.^ Ci.im]iany, and 
 commenced a wholesale and retail hardware 
 business. He succeeded be\-ond his ex])ccta- 
 lions and soon found the cpiarters too snudl and 
 out of the way for the trade that he built wy. 
 In ISHO the capital was largely increased and 
 the firm was incorporated under the laws of the 
 .State as the Heckel Hardware Company, with a 
 eajiital of SKlO, ()()(). It at once moved into the 
 new bnilding erected for it bv .Mr. I^. C. Nelson, 
 president of the vSt. Louis National Ikink, on 
 
 QEOROE P. HECKE 
 
 Twelfth street, between Locust and St. Charles, 
 ami is now one of the leading wholesale hard- 
 ware establishments of the West. 
 
 The new building is six stories high, 
 thort)ughly equipped for the lousiness, and in 
 every way suitable for the purpose. It is 
 strongly constructed and has modern appliances 
 of every descrij^tion. Its location was con- 
 demned by several at the time the ])lans were 
 apju'oved, but Mr. Heckel rather prides liimself 
 on luuing been one of the first to recognize that 
 Twelfth street is 
 destined to be the 
 leading thorough- 
 fare of St. Louis. Its 
 exceptional width 
 and its u n i q u e 
 street railroad 
 facilities are already 
 bringing it to the 
 front, and the com- 
 pletion of the new 
 City Hall, and of the 
 stone Ijridge over 
 the railroad tracks 
 will still further 
 cement its hold on 
 the first i)lace. Mr. 
 Heckel saw all this 
 in advance, and b)' 
 securing a good loca- 
 tion at the then low 
 prices, saved his 
 company many 
 thousands of dollars. 
 The same foresight has been freely exercised in 
 the conduct of the business, and the monthly 
 returns are increasing so rapidly that the house 
 bids fair to acquire national fame before the end 
 of the present centur\-. 
 
 .Mr. Heckel is a Mason and a Knight Templar. 
 He is also an Odd Fellow, and a i^rominent 
 member of the Legion of Honor. His extensive 
 experience as a traveling salesman makes him 
 an important and valuable coun.selor of the 
 Travelers' Protective Association and also of the 
 Western Coniniercial Travelers' Association, and 
 
39(5 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 he is interested in other well-known societies. 
 He is a man of strong convictions and good 
 presence, and impresses those with whom he 
 comes in contact with his earnestness and trnth- 
 hilness. 
 
 Whittemore, Frederick Churchill. — In 
 St. Lonis business circles a man young in years, 
 but with a mature prosperity he has won, is the 
 central tignre of this brief history. Although 
 he is not yet thirty he has attained a degree of 
 prosperity that some men strive an entire life- 
 time for and never find. 
 
 His father, Robert P.lackwell Whittemore, 
 was a native of New York, and came to St. 
 Louis in 1.S4."). At first he engaged in the whole- 
 sale hat and fur business, at which he was \-ery 
 successful for a period of thirty years. After 
 his retireuient from this line he became a cot- 
 ton compressor, and made considerable money 
 at the business during the fifteen years it en- 
 gaged his attention. He is still active and 
 fills a useful position as president of the 
 Levering Investment Company. The mother's 
 maiden name was Katherine Levering. She 
 was a native of Springfield, Illinois, and came 
 to St. Louis with her parents in 184.'), the same 
 year her husbaiul reached the city. Her father 
 was Lawrason Levering, of the St. Louis Bag- 
 ging CompauN', and vice-president of the Mer- 
 chants' National Bank. 
 
 Young Whittemore is a native of this city, 
 liaving been born here August ;>1, lsi;4. He 
 attended the public and private schools of the 
 city regularly, applying himself with industry 
 to his .studies until he had reached the age of 
 sixteen, when he left school to accept a position 
 as clerk with the St. Louis Bagging Company. 
 He remained in this position seven \-ears, or 
 until l.SST, during that time earning the esteem 
 of his emphjyers and a reputation for promj)!- 
 ne.ss, industry and penetration. 
 
 Concluding that the only position for an 
 ambitious man was in a business of his own, in 
 1H87 he opened an insurance office with Nich- 
 olas R. Wall as a partner, the firm doing business 
 under the title of Wall ^ Whittemore. As thus 
 
 constituted the firm is doing business to-dav. 
 Among the companies for which the firm is 
 resident agents, are the St. Louis branch of the 
 Commonwealth Insurance Compan\-, of New 
 York; the North River Insurance Company, of 
 New York; Reading Fire Insurance Company, 
 of Reading, Pennsylvania; Ohio Fanners' Insur- 
 ance Company, of LeRoy, Ohio; the Eagle and 
 Broadway, of New York, and the Citizens, of 
 Pittsburgh. Its success has far exceeded the 
 expectations of its founders, and it stands to-day 
 as an example of what per.severence, ability and 
 fair dealing can accomplish. 
 
 Besides his insurance interests, j\Ir. Whitte- 
 more is secretary of the St. Louis Bagging Com- 
 pan\-, and is a director and was one of the 
 incorporators of the Ranken 6c Fritsch Foundry 
 and ^Machine Company. He was president of 
 the Missouri Mantel Decorating Company until 
 last January, when he resigned, and he is at the 
 present time the largest stockholder. 
 
 Mr. Whittemore is a very popular young man 
 and is a leading meniljer of the I'niversity Club. 
 He is a member of the Merchants' E.xchange 
 also. 
 
 Mr. Whittemore has a handsome and brilliant 
 wife to wiiom he was married No\ember 17, 
 I'Sii:^. She was Miss Elenore Euglesing of this 
 cit\-, but formerly of Mississippi. 
 
 Root), Horace P;dg.\r, son of Horace Fuller 
 and Nancy ( Louden ) Rood, was born at Rice- 
 ville, Penns_\l\-ania, Nt)\-ember 4, IS.')."). When 
 he was still an infant his jiarents moved to 
 Nokomis, Illinois, where Horace was educated 
 in the public schools, and subsequently assisted 
 his father in the mercantile and express busi- 
 ness. He took kindly to, and was successful in, 
 the trans])ortation business, and when only 
 seventeen years of age he was given entire 
 charge of the American Express Company's 
 office at Nokomis, and for five years conducted 
 the business in a highly satisfactory and credit- 
 al)le manner. 
 
 In 1S7>! the conipan\' realized that \'oung^Ir. 
 Rood's talents fitted him for work in a larger 
 field than Nokomis, and accordingh- transferred 
 
^^^^^zZ^^^^^^^ 
 
nh u-.RArim al ap/'z-nd/x. 
 
 :!07 
 
 liiin til Si. Louis, where he filled x-arious posi- 
 tions for the company until the year 1.S.S4, when 
 lie was promoted to the agency for the American 
 and Wells Fargo & Company Expi-ess, which 
 position he has held np to April 1, IHiiH, when 
 he retired to become the president of the 
 fashionable Hotel Beers, and to the business of 
 which he has since devoted his attention. 
 
 .Mr. Rood was looked nptni as one of the ablest 
 expressmen in the western country. His youth 
 was freely commented npon at the time he was 
 given the manage- 
 ment of affairs at 
 vSt. Lonis, and it was 
 argued that .so yonng 
 a man could not be 
 relied upon as head 
 of such an important 
 office. But while it 
 was true that Mr. 
 Rood was the young- 
 est man ever placed 
 in charge of a metro- 
 ]iolitan oflfice, it is 
 equally true that no 
 office was ever man- 
 aged with greater 
 success, or in a more 
 creditable manner. 
 TIk- capital of the 
 I wo CO mpa u i es 
 amounts to thirty- 
 million dollars, and 
 the responsibility of 
 the jiosition was ver\- 
 great, but Mr. Rood never fal 
 ceeded by his abilit\- and energy ' 
 yearly \-olume nf business win 
 res]x>ct from his emplo 
 
 He is still a xonug man, \-ery popular in 
 vSt. Louis, and with a large unmber of friends 
 in Illinois and thronghout the West. Since 
 becoming interested in the Beers, he has shown 
 the executive talent he applied to the express 
 business, and has proved himself able to fill the 
 place com])etently. He married in ISSi; Miss 
 Josephine Jesse Norton. 
 
 , and suc- 
 ■reasingthe 
 additional 
 id their patrons. 
 
 Jd.xh.s, Wii.i.iA.M CiTiiincuT, one of the lead- 
 ing members of the bar of St. Louis, which is 
 justly celebrated throughout the entire country 
 for the learning and intellectual ability of its 
 members, was born at Bowling Green, Kentucky, 
 July 1(), 1.S81. In 1X84 his parents moved from 
 Kentucky to Chester, Illinois, where his father 
 ])racticed medicine and surgery, occup}'ing the 
 front rank in his profession. His father was the 
 son of Francis Slaughter Jones, who was an 
 extensive planter and prominent citizen of Vir- 
 ginia, living at Cul- 
 pepper Court House. 
 His mother's maid- 
 en name was Kliza 
 R. Treat, daughter 
 of Hon. Samuel 
 Treat, at one time 
 United vStates Indian 
 agent at Arkansas 
 I'ost. 
 
 Judge Jones was 
 educated at ^IcKen- 
 dree College, Illi- 
 nois, being a gradu- 
 ate in the class of 
 l.S,')-2. After gradu- 
 ating he went to 
 Unwlingdreen, Ken- 
 tucky, and read law 
 under the direction 
 of Loving (S: (irider, 
 and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1 .S.");-?. 
 After his admission 
 t Chester, Illinois, for 
 . Louis Sejitember 1, IS.U, 
 li]) with \\'illiani L. .SIoss, 
 ifter one vear. He then 
 
 ;liced 1 
 eto.Sl. 
 
 to I lie bar he ])r 
 a year. He cai 
 forming a law partner: 
 which was dissolved 
 entered into partnership with the late W. W. 
 Western, of Ho]ikinsville, Kentucky, which 
 continued until lS()lt, wdien he formed a partner- 
 ship with the late Judge Charles F. Cady, which 
 was dissolved by mutual consent on the breaking 
 out of the war, and on Ma\ >>, ISCl, he enlisted 
 in defense of tlu- ruioii, and was commissioned 
 captain of Company I, I'ourth United States 
 
398 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. I.OUIS. 
 
 Reserve Corps (the late B. Gratz Brown's regi- 
 ment), and took part in the campaigns in 
 Southwest Missouri. In October, 1862, he was 
 appointed pay-master in the United States Vol- 
 unteers, with the rank of major, and served in 
 this capacity until the war ended, and was 
 mustered out of the service November l.'i, 18(i.'), 
 after a continuous sei'vice in the army of over 
 fotir and one-half years. 
 
 Immediately after coming home from the 
 army, Major Jones associated himself with 
 Wyatt C. Huffman in the sign and steamboat 
 painting business, which proved entirely suc- 
 cessful in a financial way, but injured his health 
 to such an extent that he gave it np and re- 
 sumed the practice of law in January, 18t>s, in 
 partnership with Charles G. Mauro, under the 
 firm name of Mauro & Jones, which lasted 
 until 1871, when he formed a partnership with 
 John D. Johnson ( he being the senior member 
 of the firm), which continued until he was 
 elected judge of the Criminal Court of this city, 
 in November, 1.S74. While serving as judge of 
 this court he tried some of the most notable 
 and important criminal cases ever tried in this 
 country. Among them were the celebrated 
 Kring case, the trial of McNeary for the mur- 
 der of Ida Buckley, and of the five Sicilians 
 for killing a peddler. 
 
 When Judge Jones retired fl'om the bench in 
 December, 1878, he again resumed the practice 
 of law, this time in partnership with Rufus J. 
 Delano. This partnership continued until 1883, 
 after which he practiced alone until the spring 
 of 1885, when he formed a partnership with his 
 son, James C, which is still in existence, and 
 has an extensive practice in all the civil courts. 
 
 Although devotedly attached to the cause of 
 the Union during the late civil war, he favored 
 the most liberal policy towards those who 
 had fought on the other side, advocating their 
 enfranchisement and the removal of all disabili- 
 ties on account of their participation in the 
 rebellion, and has since been in accord with, 
 and an active and consistent member of the 
 Democratic party. During the dark days of that 
 party he did not hesitate to advocate its cause. 
 
 nor to accept a nomination when it meant only 
 obloquy and defeat. He was its nominee for 
 clerk of the Circuit Court of St. Louis county, 
 in 18()(i, and went down in defeat with his 
 ])art\-. In the presidential campaign of 18t)8 he 
 was the candidate for elector in what was then 
 the second congressional district, comprising 
 nine counties, and when the election day came, 
 he had gone over his district three times, advo- 
 cating the election of Seymour and Blair. 
 
 Among the illustrious names to be found upon 
 the rolls of the grand fraternal and benevolent 
 order, the Knights of Honor, none occupy a 
 higher place than that of Judge William C. 
 Jones. He has been grand dictator of the 
 .State, and a member of the Supreme Lodge for 
 twelve years, and was chairman of the committee 
 that framed the present constitutions of the 
 supreme and subordinate lodges, and also chair- 
 main of the committee on appeals and grievances 
 in the Supreme Lodge, and member of the com- 
 mittee on laws. 
 
 Whether as soldier, lawyer, judge or an every- 
 dav private citizen, Judge Jones has in\-ariably 
 shown himself to be the same brave, honest, 
 just and amiable gentleman, sympathizing with 
 and ready to fight the battles of the poor and 
 lowly, and bestowing upon all whom he meets 
 the same kindly greeting. 
 
 He has always taken an intelligent interest 
 in local movements of importance, and is always 
 quick to grasp the important points in any 
 question where a difference of opinion is likely 
 to arise in commercial as well as legal mat- 
 ters. 
 
 Judge Jones was married November 20, 185(>, 
 to Miss Mary A. Chester, of .St. Louis, daugh- 
 ter of Joseph Chester, of Chester, England, and 
 sister of the late Thomas C. Chester, by whom 
 he has had seven children, four of whom are 
 still living. The eldest, Fanny, is now Mrs. 
 Walter B. Watson, of this city; the second, 
 James C, now his father's partner in the law; 
 Julia (the wife of Joseph P. Goodwin), and 
 Giles Filley, now nineteen years old, and a very 
 promising student at the Missouri State I'ni- 
 \-ersitv. 
 
niOCRAI'IllL A I. ,!/'/'/■ NDIX. 
 
 W'l'S'j', S'i'ii.i.MAX Ai;.sTiN, son of Roberl and 
 Cvntliia Angelina (Smith) West, was born at 
 Hopkinton, Massachusetts, July :?4, 1N49. His 
 father was in the shoe business at the time of 
 his birth, and his early days were spent in the 
 verv center of the shoe district of Massachusetts, 
 where he received a public school education. 
 At sixteen years of age it became necessary for 
 him to earn his own livelihood, and he secured 
 work in a shoe factory. He made no attempt 
 to discover a royal road to success, believing 
 that his only hope 
 la )" i n thoroughly 
 uiastering every de- 
 tail of the business. 
 Hence he c o m - 
 menced at the bot- 
 tom of the ladder 
 and worked his way 
 steadily up to the top 
 of the tree. 
 
 At twenty years of 
 age he was promoted 
 to the head of a fit- 
 ting room, of which 
 he had entire charge. 
 He displayed great 
 mechanical talent 
 and inclination, and 
 was soon placed in 
 charge of the entire ' " 
 
 machinery of a fac- j 
 
 tory as adjuster and ' 
 
 machini.st. His pro- stillma 
 
 motion continued to 
 
 bf rapid through the \-arious departments of the 
 business, including also the designing of lasts 
 and patterns, in which ca]iacity, being of an in- 
 \enli\-e turn of mind, he was successful from 
 the very beginning. 
 
 After gaining a thorough knowledge of the 
 business he came west and settled at Racine, 
 Wisconsin, where he was ]ilaced in charge of 
 tlieJosei)h Miller & Com]ian\- factory. He es- 
 tablished a jierfect revolution in that faclor\- b)- 
 introducing shoe machinery hillierto unused 
 and scarcelv understood in Wiscoirsin. He re- 
 
 mained with Miller X: Comi)any for two years, 
 during which time he invented and patented 
 shoe machinery which has since developed into 
 great value and general use. His success was 
 so marked, and his patents proved of such great 
 value, that he soon received a very flattering 
 offer from the Car\-er Cotton (xin Com]iany, of 
 I)oston, to uuike and sell his machines in con- 
 nection with that house. 
 
 As a result, Mr. We.st, in spite of the protest 
 of his principals, terminated his connections 
 with Mr. Miller and 
 became connected 
 ' with the Host on 
 
 house as traveling 
 salesman. His suc- 
 cess was uiarked and 
 he earned a high rep- 
 ulatit)n by the able 
 manner in which he 
 not only i)laced 
 machinery, l)ut set it 
 up for his various 
 customers. While 
 traveling for the Car- 
 ver Cotton { lin Com- 
 ]iany he made the 
 acquainlance of the 
 ]i ri nci jkiIs of the 
 Hamilton-P.rown 
 ShoeCouipany,of 
 vSt. I^ouis, and in the 
 year 1.S.S4 he ac- 
 cepted the position 
 of manager and su- 
 nn facturiug department, 
 hat com]>auy was of a 
 ter, and the ser\-ices he 
 rendered it were of acknowledged value, doub- 
 ling their sales in less than five years. He was 
 superintendent of construction of the magnifi- 
 cent factory at Twenty-first street and Lucas 
 place, which is acknowledged to be one of the 
 finest and best equijiiK-d ])lants in the Ignited 
 States. 
 
 Mr. West terminated his connection with the 
 above comjKun- in the fall of \>>\^\, and in b'eb- 
 
 WKSl 
 
 periutendcut of their n 
 His connection with 
 most satisfactorv char; 
 
40(1 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 niary, IXSii, he oroauized the West-Jump Shoe 
 Company, which was incorporated with a capital 
 of $75,000, Mr. West becoming its president. 
 The factory is located at the corner of Seventh 
 street and Lucas avenue, and occupies six spa- 
 cious floors, and as a result of the practical 
 knowledge and ingenuity of its projectors is 
 fitted up in the best possible manner, and is 
 equipped with the latest and most approved 
 machinery for the manufacture of the finest 
 grades of shoes, with a capacity of 2,000 pairs 
 of shoes per day. The company started out 
 with bright prospects, and owing to the long 
 experience of the several active members the 
 future presents the most promising aspect. Al- 
 ready it has Ijuilt up a magnificent trade in the 
 South and West, thus adding to the long list of 
 firms that have made St. Louis a name as a shoe 
 manufacturing center, a concern of enterj^rise 
 and energy, of which she may well be proud. 
 
 It is of interest to add, in this particular, tliat 
 the shoe manufacturing industry has experienced 
 a notable change since Mr. West located here in 
 18!S4. At that time but little regard was paid 
 to the sanitary conditions and cleanliness of fac- 
 tories. During the early part of his career in 
 St. Louis he succeeded in making the factory of 
 which he was manager such a model one, that 
 the best and most skilled operatives sought 
 emplo)Uieut with him, and in order to compete 
 the other factories were compelled to remodel 
 after his example. In consequence of these im- 
 portant improxemeuts St. Louis has come to the 
 front, and is known by all buyers to have the 
 cleanest, best equipped and nuiuaged factories of 
 any city in the L^nion. 
 
 Mr. West is a prominent member of the Shoe 
 Manufacturers' and Jobbers' Association. He is 
 a member of the St. George's Church, of which 
 he is junior warden. 
 
 He married, in the year liSSij, :\Iiss Anna 
 Bowers, of Peru, Illinois. During his eight 
 years' residence in St. Louis, lAx. West has 
 made for him.self a large circle of friends among 
 the best people of the city, and is regarded as 
 one of the responsible and enterprising men of 
 this section of the countrv. 
 
 RlCH.-\RD.SON, J.\CK PHILLIPS, .SOU of Dr. 
 
 W' illie G. and Elizabeth Ann ( Phillips ) Rich- 
 ardson, is of English and Irish blood, and was 
 born in Laurdale, Alabama, May 5, 1X34. He 
 was raised on a farm and received all the edu- 
 cational benefits a backwoods district cotild 
 afford, which usually amounted to about three 
 months' schooling within the year. When nine- 
 teen years of age he left the farm and went to 
 Aljcrdeen, Mississippi, then the leading town 
 in the Tombigbee \'alley, where an older brother 
 was already located, and .secured a position as 
 clerk in a general store. 
 
 In 185.5 he went to Mobile, Alabama, then an 
 important sea-port, and accepted a place which 
 had been offered him in the wholesale and re- 
 tail hardware house of H. L. Reynolds & Com- 
 pany. Here he gave such exceptional service 
 and showed such rare mercantile ability that 
 within five years he was made a partner of the 
 firm. The civil war breaking out about that 
 time proved most disastrous to the concern. 
 Tile senior member of the firm having gone 
 North on liusiuess, was arrested and paroled, 
 and the four clerks of the house having entered 
 the service, the entire weight of the business 
 fell upon young Richardson. He closed out 
 the business as soon as he could and entered 
 the Confederate army, and was under Major 
 Myers, chief ordnance officer of the Gulf De- 
 partment, when the war ended. 
 
 When hostilities had ceased he returned to 
 Mobile, and engaged in the wholesale grocery 
 business until 18()7, in which year he came to 
 St. Louis. Here he embarked in the general 
 commission business, which he conducted up to 
 187(i, or until he instituted the present business 
 of dealing in lumber. Mr. Richardson is known 
 evervwhere for his work in benevolent and 
 fraternal circles, his membership in orders of 
 this kind being altogether too extended to be 
 treated of in a biography of this brief character. 
 He is a high degree Ma.son and has held the 
 highest offices of nearly all the orders with 
 which he is connected. 
 
 He is a member and an ex-president of tlie 
 Mercantile Club and is a member o{ the Mer- 
 
Bioc.KAi'HiCAL . iri'iixnix. 
 
 401 
 
 chants' I^xcluinj^c, the Lumbermen's Exchange 
 and the Furniture Board Exchange. His inter- 
 est in educational matters is no less pronounced 
 than has been his work in fraternal circles, and 
 he was elected to the Board of Education, as a 
 director-at-largein bS87, by a majority of 4,i);i(;. 
 During his four years' term he did exceptional 
 work for the cause of education. 
 
 In 1857 Mr. Richardson was married to Miss 
 Ivouisa Meek, of Aberdeen, Mi.ssissippi, who 
 died in 18()3, leaving two sons, who are now 
 successful business 
 men. In 18ti4 he 
 was again uiarried 
 to ;\Iiss Mary C. 
 vStodder, of Mobile, 
 Alabama, of which 
 union three sons and 
 five daughters have 
 been born, all now 
 livins: but one. 
 
 WVKTH, H.\RRV 
 
 Bi.sSKLL. — A native 
 of St. Louis, and one 
 among her young 
 men of promise, is 
 Harry I'.issell \Vy- 
 cth.who is at present 
 identified with the 
 lumber interests. He 
 was born in this city 
 June (>, 18(>7, and 
 has, therefore, only 
 passed the quarter 
 century mark. His 
 ha\-er ) W'yeth, was 
 and his father, J. II 
 
 HARRY B. WVETH. 
 
 mother. Elizabeth ( Rode- 
 )orn in St. Louis count\-, 
 \V>eth, a nati\-e of New 
 York, was for a number of years after coming 
 to .St. Louis the purchasing agent of the ]\Iis- 
 souri Pacific Railroad, but is now engaged in 
 the railway supply business in this city. For 
 six years young Harry attended the public 
 schiMils (if St. Louis, and then entered the Man- 
 ual Training School Department of Washington 
 University, graduating from that institution in 
 1><'S4, ijeiuir a member of the second class turned 
 
 out after the urgauization of the school. I5ut 
 he did not consider that this completed his edu- 
 cation, and from the St. Louis Training School 
 he went to Ann Arbor, Michigan. He entered 
 the celebrated University of Michigan, where 
 he studied for nearly four years, but was 
 compelled to leave without graduating, owing 
 to ill health. 
 
 Leaving college, Mr. Wyeth spent a \ear 
 traveling through various parts of the United 
 States, looking for a business location and for 
 the purpose of be- 
 coming acquainted 
 with the people and 
 country in which he 
 lived. He finally 
 settled at Hazel- 
 hurst, Wisconsin, 
 where he took a 
 position with the 
 Yawke\- & Lee Lum- 
 ber Company, ha\- 
 ing determined to 
 learu the lumber 
 business. He was 
 always thorough- 
 going by nature, and 
 he was under the 
 conviction that that 
 which was worth do- 
 ing at all was worth 
 doing well; and thus 
 for one year he did 
 the hardest kind of 
 work in the woods, 
 vards and mills of the company, doing all the 
 regular labor of a roustabout and learning every 
 feature of the business. At the end of the year 
 he was ready to enter the business for himself 
 in a small way, and he accordingly journeyed 
 into the pineries of Arkansas. After about a 
 month spent in prospecting, he purchased a 
 small interest in the A. J. Neinieyer Lumber 
 Companv, with headquarters at Waldo, Arkan- 
 sas, where he was made manager in the ofRce 
 and was soon advanced to the place of secretary, 
 which he held until he severed his connection 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 with the firm in tlie sprin.tj of l.s!)]. He was 
 induced to make this change by the opportuni- 
 ties he was certain St. Louis held out to a quick 
 and energetic lumber dealer. Comiug to this 
 city, with the small capital which had rapidly 
 increased since he had come south, he organized 
 the Southern Lumber Compan)-, and thus em- 
 barked in business for himself. The company 
 does an extensive and profitable wholesale and 
 commission business in yellow pine and hard 
 woods, and in 1892 Mr. Wyeth bought out his 
 backers and incorporated his business as the 
 Wyeth Lumber Compau)-. 
 
 Although a very young man he has the rare 
 faculty of profiting by every experience, and he 
 now knows more of the lumber business thau 
 many other men who have been in it all their 
 lives. He has inspired confidence in maiiy meu 
 of shrewd judgment and po.ssessedof large means, 
 and as a consequence now has extensive capital 
 back of him, and will undoubtedly make his 
 mark in the commercial world. 
 
 While attending college at Ann Arbor, Michi- 
 gan, ]\Ir. Wyeth met and fell in love with ]\Iiss 
 Daisy Richardson, one of the belles of the uni- 
 versity town, and the daughter of Noah Rich- 
 ardson, one of the pioneers of the Saginaw 
 \'alley, a prominent citizen and at the time of 
 his death a banker of East Saginaw. As the 
 lo\-e w-as mutual the marriage took place im- 
 uiediately after the young student's graduation. 
 
 Watsox, Howard, was born ^lay K'>, IS.")'), 
 at Mount \'eruou, Jefferson county, Illinois. 
 His parents were Joel F. and vSarali Watson. 
 His father was also a native of Mount \'ernon, 
 and was in many respects a remarkable man. 
 He was six feet two in height, and although 
 afflicted from the age of nine years with paral- 
 ysis, he was a diligent and thorough student, 
 and after securing a good education he engaged 
 in teaching school, after which he began in the 
 mercantile business, his house becoming one of 
 the most iuiportant in that section, and held its 
 rank as such for many years. It is well remem- 
 bered by the older hou.ses of St. Louis. He 
 raised and educated a large family, and during 
 
 his life succeeded in accumulating a great deal 
 of property. His uiother died when he was 
 four years old. 
 
 The subject of this sketch attended the public 
 schools at Mount \'ernou until he was sixteen 
 years old, when he entered the employ of a 
 builder and contractor, and learned the carpen- 
 ter's trade. After working at that business for 
 about four years, he went into the lumber busi- 
 ness at Belle Rive, Illinois, with a partner, 
 who, at the expiration of six luouths, absconded 
 with the partnership funds. Mr. Watson then 
 entered a dry goods store at Mount \'eruou and 
 held the position of clerk there and at Rush- 
 ville until 1880, when he was employed as a 
 book-keeper by a lumber firm at Mount Vernon. 
 While in Mount Vernon he ran as an independ- 
 ent candidate for tax collector, and was elected 
 by a large majority and held the office one year, 
 declining a second term. He secured a position 
 with Col. Jack P. Richardson, of St. Louis, in 
 b'^''^]. He remained with Colonel Richardson 
 until 1885, and then went into the wholesale lum- 
 ber commission businesson hisown account, wnth 
 offices in the McLean Building, but soon found 
 the offices too small for his increasing business, 
 and nroved to -lO.") Walnut street, and later to 
 his present location in the Temple Building, 
 where he has large, well-lighted and well-venti- 
 lated offices, which afford ample facilites for his 
 large and increasing trade, which is mostly 
 local. He deals principally in hard wood lum- 
 ber, and his sales during the year IXiH amounted 
 to twenty millions five hundred thousand feet. 
 ^Ir. Watson was one of the principal organizers 
 of the St. Louis Lumber Exchange, which was 
 organized in March, 1889, and incorporated 
 under the laws of Missouri on June 27, ISHl, 
 and he was made a director on its organization. 
 At their annual meeting, January 1, 1892, he 
 was elected treasurer. Mr. Watson, while a 
 \-oung man, is thorough, and devotes his whole 
 time to business, and has never taken auy active 
 interest in politics. 
 
 Mr. Watson has two brothers, both of whom 
 are meu of prominence in their respectixe prt)- 
 fessions. Walter Watson is a well-known phy- 
 
II l( XiRAPUR \ll. APPENDIX. 
 
 40.", 
 
 siciaii, anil Alliert, the \ouii.oest brotlicr, is 
 iiiakint;; a l)iilliant record as an attorney. 
 
 Mr. Watson was married some years ago to 
 .Mrs. Fannie H. Fisk, of this city. They have 
 one cliild — Martlia, six years old. 
 
 Wkxzlick, .\lbp;rT. — One of the yonng; men 
 of marked energy and ability in the title ex- 
 amination and investment field, is the snbject of 
 this brief biography, who was born in this city 
 April 22, l.StiO, his parents being Peter and 
 Mary (\'oldrath) 
 Wenzlick. He was 
 given an elementary 
 education in both 
 the public and pri- 
 \ate schools of the 
 cit\-, and finished by 
 attendance at the 
 Polytechnic Insti- 
 tute, where he was a 
 pupil at different 
 ]ierio(ls from the 
 time he was twehe 
 until he was twenty 
 years of age. In 
 INTli lie entered the 
 office of his brother, 
 who had that year 
 established the title 
 examination and in- 
 vestment business 
 now conducted by 
 .\lbert. h'rom ISSO 
 to l.s.s."i he was con- 
 nected with the title 
 .M. P.. O-Reillv, but 
 formed a inutnershii) with his brother, which 
 existed until it was dissolved by the hitter's 
 deatli, about three years ago. Since then Mr. 
 Wenzlick has conducted the business alone, and 
 has been most successful. 
 
 ( )ne of the s]H-cialties of this business is the 
 in\estigation and verification of titles 1)\- an 
 original and most ingeniously de\ised SNstem. 
 Otlu-r features of the business are the drafting 
 of conveyances, mortgages, wills, power-of- 
 
 ALBERT WENZLICK. 
 
 the 
 
 attorney, and legal docuuKuts of all kiud»i, 
 as well as investments of capital. Mr. Wenz- 
 lick has business relations with no less than 
 sixteen building and loan associations. Of the 
 Columbia, the Columbia Xo. 2 and the Ameri- 
 can In\estmeut liuikliug and Loan associations, 
 he is at the present time the secretary. He is 
 also a member of the Legion of Honor. On 
 April 17, 1888, Mr. Wenzlick was married to 
 Miss Emma Schall, daughter of a prominent 
 dry goods merchant of East St. Louis. Thev 
 ha\-e one child liv- 
 ing — Albert, Jr. 
 
 Rkv.xolds. Thos. 
 P'raxk, is a living 
 illustration of what 
 jHish and energy, 
 combined with good 
 business ability, will 
 accomplish. He was 
 l>orn at Keokuk , 
 Iowa, January 20, 
 !>!<><). His parents 
 were Charles C. and 
 Katherine ( McKer- 
 nan ) Reynolds. His 
 early education was 
 accjuired in the pub- 
 lic schools, later at 
 the Christian Broth- 
 ers' College and the 
 .St. Louis U n i \- e r- 
 sit\-, then located at 
 Ninth and Christ\- 
 At the early age of four- 
 work in the dry goods 
 then one of the leading 
 establishments of St. Louis, remaining there 
 two years, when, not finding the life of a dry 
 goods clerk exactly congenial, he eutered the 
 carriage factory of ;\IcCall ^: Haase, where he 
 remained four \ears. 
 
 In the meantime he had thoroughly mastered 
 the art of carriage Ijuilding in all its cletails, and 
 feeling a desire to see something of the great 
 world outside of St. Louis and vicinit\-, he bade 
 
 ( now Lucas ) avenue, 
 teen years he went t 
 store of B. L. Hardon 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 adieu to llie " rklound City," and for five years 
 lie tried Cinciuiiati, Chicago, Baltimore, Phila- 
 delphia, New York, and other eastern cities. 
 Then, finally becoming convinced that St. Louis 
 offered about as good a field for an enterprising 
 man as could be found, he returned in 1885, 
 going to work at his trade. In November l-S.S.S, 
 he engaged in the carriage business with W. C. 
 Creveling, at 2()0(i St. Cliarles street, where he 
 is at present located. 
 
 Mr. Reynolds is still enjoying a life of single 
 blessedness, and resides at home with his 
 parents. 
 
 SiMi'SOX, William vSimkox, son of Joseph 
 and Eliza ( Haslett ) Simpson, was burn on a 
 farm in Hamilton county, Ohio, July 1, l>i47. 
 His father was a native of England, Imt had 
 emigrated to Montreal, and subsequently to( )liio, 
 prior to the birth of the subject of this sketch. 
 When William S. was but three years of age his 
 father died, and Mrs. vSimpson moved to vSt. 
 Louis in the year ls,'),s. It was in the public 
 schools of this city that Air. vSimpsou's educa- 
 tion was received, remaining at his books until 
 eighteen years of age. 
 
 On leaving school he secured a position as 
 clerk in the quartermaster's department of the 
 Federal army stationed in this city, and after a 
 short term of service there he entered the box 
 factory of Henry B. Poorman as book-keeper 
 and clerk, remaining with this firm until 1870. 
 In that year he became book-keeper and general 
 office assistant for Mr. J. H. Pocock, manufact- 
 urer of tin cans, remaining with this firm until 
 1873, when he resigned and in connection with 
 Mr. J. Christopher organized the firm of Chris- 
 topher & Company, which was the beginning of 
 the present Christopher & Simpson .\rchitect- 
 ural Iron and Foundry Company. Mr. Simpson 
 took an active part in the organization and 
 work of the foundry, which made a specialty of 
 architectural iron work. It has been entrusted 
 with the iron work of a large number of \er\- 
 important buildings and establishments, includ- 
 ing the Bank of Commerce, the IMercantile 
 Library, the Odd Fellows' Hall, the new Citv 
 
 Hall, the Bell Telephone Building, the new 
 Polytechnic Building, the Rialto Building, and 
 the New Planters' House. 
 
 In 1882 the firm was incorporated as the 
 Christopher & Simpson Architectural Iron and 
 Foundry Company, with Mr. J. Christopher as 
 president, Mr. Wm. A. Rutter as vice-president, 
 and Mr. Wm. S. Simpson as secretary and treas- 
 urer. During the ten }ears which have elapsed 
 since the incorporation, the firm has more than 
 doubled its business, and now occupies the 
 large foundry on Park avenue between Eighth 
 and Ninth streets. 
 
 Air. Simpson is a member of the Legion of 
 Honor; is president of the Park Building Asso- 
 ciations, Nos. 1 and 2; a member of the Aler- 
 chants' Flxchange; a member of the Builders' 
 Flxchange of twenty years' standing and two 
 years as director; and is a large stockholder in the 
 Jaccard Watch and Jewelry Co., of Kansas Cit\'. 
 
 He married in the \ear 187() Miss Belle 
 Buckingham, of St. Louis. He has four chil- 
 dren, William S., Jr., Lillie Belle, Grace Alildred 
 and F^dgar Ralph. 
 
 Mr. Simpson is an influential church worker, 
 is a member of the Park Presbyterian Church, 
 and for the ])ast five years has acted as one of 
 its elders. He is regarded as a man of pro- 
 gressive ideas and of public spirit. 
 
 BOHMKR, JOHX G., principal and .sole pro- 
 prietor of the well known Jones' Commercial 
 College, on Broadway, between ( )li\-e and Locust 
 streets, is the son of Henry and Margaret ( Kind- 
 lein ) Bohmer, and was born on a farm near 
 Richfountain, in the month of November, A. I). 
 1850. He was educated near his home until 
 seventeen years of age, when, aspiring to acquire 
 a sound business training, he came to St. Louis 
 and took a complete course in the Jones' Com- 
 mercial College, which even at that date was 
 regarded as one of the most reliable commercial 
 colleges in the United States. His ability 
 attracted the attention of the principal, and 
 owing to his extraordinary skill in penmanship 
 he was appointed assistant writing teacher. He 
 held this position for a short space of time, when 
 
, yj^^-T^^^i^^^ 
 
 '^^^-ty 
 
/;/( n;R.\ri[ic.\i. appf.xdix. 
 
 405 
 
 he was promoted to professor and principal in 
 tlie penniansliii) department. 
 
 During a course of years Mr. IJolinier ^ave 
 instructions in tlie art of Inisiness writing in a 
 most successful manner to an ever-iucreasino; 
 number of puj^ils, and his reputation became 
 \ery popular throughout the country. He was 
 finally appointed general superintendent of the 
 college, and after holding this position for a 
 number of \-ears he then, in the year is.sn, 
 became associate princi])al with Professor Jona- 
 than Jones, founder 
 of the college, ac- 
 quiring an interest 
 in the business. In 
 February, 1884, Pro- 
 fessor Jones died, and 
 Mr. Bohmer, the sur- 
 viving partner, be- 
 came sole proprietor 
 of the school. 
 
 So man\' hundred 
 of the leading men 
 in St. Louis owe 
 much of their suc- 
 cess in life to the 
 t r a i n i n g the \- r e- 
 ceived in Jones' 
 Commercial College, 
 that it would be su- 
 perfluous to enlarge 
 at any length on the 
 value of the institu- 
 tion to the city and „„,v, ,j 
 the country sur- 
 rounding it. The average number of students 
 attending in the various departments of this 
 institution is above live hundred; and while a 
 majority of these are vSt. Louisans, quite a number 
 come in from distant cities and countries in 
 order to partake of the training and other 
 advantages offered. It is an interesting feature 
 of the college, and one which redounds greatly 
 to the credit of those at its head, that quite a 
 large percentage of the students are sons of men 
 who themselves took a course at the college 
 twenty, thirty and forty years ago. .\ higher 
 
 mark of ajjj^reciatiou or more sterling jiraise 
 could scarcely be given an institution than this, 
 and it has heeonie a rule in St. Louis to accejit 
 an ajiplicant for a jiosition without close exam- 
 ination into his ability, provided he has a 
 diploma from the college of which all St. Louis- 
 ans are so jnstl\- ])roud. 
 
 Mr. Bohmer, who is a modest, unassuming 
 uuui, does not claim entire credit for the mag- 
 nificent success of the college, l)ut it is uni- 
 versally known that he brought with him into 
 the institution many 
 modern ideas which 
 have proved of in- 
 estimable value to it 
 and to the .student. 
 ( )ne department he 
 has added has re- 
 sulted in many hun- 
 dreds of young men 
 and young ladies se- 
 curing lucrative po- 
 sitions. This is the 
 short-hand and t\'pe- 
 writing department. 
 ^Ir. Bohmer teaches 
 the Isaac Pitman sys- 
 tem, because the gen- 
 eral verdict of the 
 Knglish -speaking 
 world is in favor of 
 this -style of the 
 winged art of writ- 
 ing. Full tuiti^in is 
 also given in tlieu.se 
 mil ])opular type-writing ma- 
 ing the graduates to operate 
 it may be placed before them, 
 which is considered an absolute essential to the 
 make-up of the efficient stenographer. (Grad- 
 uates of the short-hand and type-writing dejiart- 
 ments are constantly in demand by the hading 
 business and professional men of the city and 
 country, who aiijily to the college for competent 
 stenographers. Mr. IJohuier has perfected ar- 
 rangements with the Western Union Telegraph 
 Comixany whereby students are made efficient 
 
 OHMHK. 
 
 of all the leading 
 chines, thus euab 
 an\- t\ i)e-writer th 
 
40(i 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 telegraphers; and so complete is the tuition in 
 this regard that students who have been through 
 a thorough course are readily accepted for posi- 
 tions in the leading railroad and telegraph 
 couii)anies. 
 
 In other respects Mr. Bohnier has added to the 
 high reputation of the college, and he is regarded 
 as one of the best informed and most successful 
 teachers to be found in the West, as well as one 
 of the deepest thinkers and ablest scholars of 
 the country. His advice on questions of tuition 
 is frequently sought, and he is an acknowledged 
 authority on all matters bearing upon commer- 
 cial training and mercantile education. 
 
 ScTDDKR, Jamks Whitk, SOU of Joliu A. and 
 Mary (White) vScudder, was born in St. Ivouis, 
 July .'), ISiil. He was educated in the public 
 schools, and then went through a course of 
 study at Washington University. When twenty 
 years of age he commenced what has already 
 proved a most successful commercial career as 
 clerk with Messrs. Fink & Nasse, wholesale 
 grocers, with whom he remained one year. 
 
 On attaining his majority he accepted a posi- 
 tion with (iarneau, Scudder& Company, aud on 
 that firm going out of business, he became secre- 
 tary of the Kraft-Holmes Grocery Company, fill- 
 ing that position for si.K years, during the latter 
 portion of which much of the active management 
 fell into his hands. When the firm decided to 
 retire, he purchased the stock and good-will 
 and established the firm of James W. ,Scudder& 
 Company. 
 
 The new firm has only Ijeen in existence for 
 four years, but the business already shows a 
 very large increase, aud prospects for the future 
 are Iiright in the extreme. Mr. Scudder is but 
 thirty-three years of age, but he has made the 
 best possible use of the last ten years, and is in 
 con.sequence a very competent business man. 
 He has associated with him in partnership, 
 Messrs. George Miltenberger, H. H. Downman 
 and Henry Reinhart, making tiie firm a verv 
 strong and capable one. 
 
 Mr. Scudder married on b'ebrnary is, ls!)l, 
 Miss Harriett McKinley, of this citv. 
 
 GoLD.M.ix, Jake D., son of Demascus and 
 Anna (Meyer) Goldman, was born in Germany, 
 AjDril 2(5, 184."). He recei\ed a public school 
 education in his native land, and when fifteen 
 years of age he came to America, where he 
 secured a position as clerk in the general mer- 
 chandise house of Meyer Brothers, New York. 
 Then went south and joined the Southern army 
 for four years, under General Bragg. At the 
 close of the war, in 18(j5, Mr. Goldman nio\ed 
 to Arkansas, where he established himself in the 
 merchandise business, among his old comrades 
 of the army. For ten years he remained in 
 Arkansas, and built up a valuable connection. 
 In 1S7S, however, he decided to go into business 
 in a metropolitan center, and moving to St. 
 Louis he opened the house of Adler, Goldman 
 X: Company, which was incorporated in the year 
 l.sss. 
 
 Mr. Goldman has a general merchandise busi- 
 ness at Maiden, Missouri, and also at Dardanelle, 
 Arkansas. He is also a partner of Jarrett & Com- 
 pany, of Mariana, Arkansas, as well as president 
 of the Goldman & Levy Land Company, at Dun- 
 can, Missouri. The Adler-Goldman house had 
 a branch at New Orleans for nine years, and 
 the combined firms have a record for ha\'ing 
 one of the largest connections in the I'nited 
 States. 
 
 Desjjite his numerous commercial duties, Mr. 
 Goldman has l)een pressed into other service. 
 In the \ear ISSl lie was appointed president of 
 the St. Louis Cotton Exchange, and is now a 
 director. He was one of the first directors of the 
 Cotton Belt Route, investing money to foster 
 the enterprise. Few men have done more to 
 make the Exchange a practical success, and lie 
 is consulted on every emergency, with utmost 
 confidence in his decision. He is also director 
 and stockholder in the St. Louis Cotton Com- 
 l^ress Company. 
 
 ;\Ir. Goldman married, in January, IS.SO, Miss 
 Sarah Hirsch, of Batesville, Arkansas, and has 
 four children, Alvin, May, Florence and Hortense. 
 He is one of the substantial commercial men of 
 St. Louis, aud has unbounded faith in the future 
 of the city in which he has made his home. 
 
n I OCR A PI/fCA I. APPENDIX. 
 
 407 
 
 s h,M-n 
 
 at Marv 
 
 IS-IS. 
 
 His par 
 
 H. iCra 
 
 wfnnl) R 
 
 stui(l\- 
 
 liuinet-rs 
 
 RoKixsDX, K. C. 
 I 'iiidii C()Uiit\', I )lii< 
 William M. and Hai 
 
 sou, were aniDu.i^ those sturdy iiioueers \vh 
 pushed up the Hue of ci\ilizatioii t'roui the 
 Allej^hauies westward beyoud the Rockies. 
 The elder Robiusou was iforu iu I.SOS, a day 
 wheu that spot was cousidered at the extreme 
 westeru froutier of civilizatiou. The ludiaus 
 
 bout iu 
 
 roauied tlirough the 
 pursuit of the o;ame 
 ijefore the destruct- 
 i\-e white m a u. 
 Auiids> such scenes 
 the father of E. C. 
 Robinson passed his 
 boyhood, the play- 
 mates of his child- 
 hood aud the com- 
 panions of his youth 
 being Indians, some 
 of whom afterwartl 
 became distin- 
 guished as warriors 
 and chiefs. The old 
 gentleman, who is 
 still li\ing iu excel- 
 lent health, at the 
 advanced age of 
 eighty-five, has al- 
 wa\-s contended that 
 the American In- 
 been more 
 gainst than 
 
 whi 
 
 lerness thei 
 ch had not 
 
 fled 
 
 (liau 
 siuui 
 
 E. C. ROBINSON 
 
 Tlu 
 
 subject of this sketch was the youngest 
 of seven children, aud up to his eighteenth year 
 enjoved those educational advantages offered by 
 his native place, which nsuaih' consisted of six 
 mouths' schooling in the year. When twenty 
 years of age he left the paternal roof to go to 
 Kansas, locating at Ottawa. When he reached 
 this desliualiou his total assets amounted to 
 eight dollars, which to him meant, instead of 
 despair and discouragement, that he liad to go 
 to work. Taking the first thing that offered, a 
 jiosition of general utility man in a l)akery, he 
 
 heldj it until he secured a situation as clerk 
 iu a grocery store, a few months later. 
 
 In 1870 he went into the grocery business for 
 himself at Thayer, Kansas. There he also 
 bought a tract of land for $400 and sold it for 
 S-SOO, but in 187;; his establishment was de- 
 .stroyed by fire, the loss being total. Despite 
 this overwhelming disaster tlie owner went 
 cheerfully to work to retrieve his fortune, and 
 iu 1880 he was able to sell a lumberyard which 
 he had acquired and his stock of groceries and 
 hardware at a good 
 price and connected 
 himself with the 
 lumber firm of S. A. 
 Brown & Company, 
 of Chicago, then 
 o ]) e r a t i n g about 
 seventy-five yards in 
 Kansas and Western 
 Missouri. Mr. Rob- 
 inson had charge of 
 twenty-five of these 
 \ards, with head- 
 ijuarters at ( )ttawa. 
 In 18,sii he dis- 
 posed of his interest 
 in the above firm, 
 and in January-, 
 li^Ito, came to St. 
 Louis. He at once 
 purchased the lum- 
 ber yard of G. H. 
 Hockenkamp, on 
 Monroe street. Im- 
 mediately he made further investments iu lum- 
 ber, establishing yards on Kaston avenue and 
 King's Highwav, this city, and at ( Htawa, Kan- 
 sas, and Madison, Illinois. His trade is grow- 
 ing rapidlv, in the manipulation and increase of 
 which the same energy and bu.siness sagacity 
 that marked his earlier business ventures are 
 plainly discernible. 
 
 He is still a comparatively \ouug man, iu the 
 enjoyment of vigorous health, and an active 
 worker, who never tires of "standing up for 
 vSt. Louis " and singing its praises. 
 
40S 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ForT, Frederick W. — Frederick W. Font, 
 the successful claim and pension attorne\-, was 
 born October 30, 1839, in the little town of 
 Meissen, near Buckeburg, Germany. His 
 mother was Sophia (Spannnth) Font, and his 
 father, Frederick Wilhelm, was the village 
 blacksmith of the little town of Meissen. His 
 parents were thrifty and economical, and fully 
 comprehending the benefits a good education 
 confers, kept the boy in steady attendance at 
 the school of his native village, which he left at 
 the age of fifteen to go out in the world and 
 seek his fortune. Sailing for America, his 
 journey found an ending at New Palestine, 
 Indiana, where an uncle lived, and with whom 
 he made his home. There he continued his 
 studies until he determined to become altogether 
 independent, and engaged liimself to a car- 
 penter to learn the trade. After his apprentice- 
 ship was completed he worked at his trade for 
 awhile, but aspiring to a higher calling and a 
 better education, he temporarily laid aside his 
 saw and plane to enter Franklin Academy, 
 Indiana. This was in 1859, and he attended 
 scliool in winter and returned to his carpenter 
 work in summer, until the spring of l.siil, 
 wliicli pro\-ed a momentous epoch in his life, as 
 it did in tlie li\-cs of thousands of other Ameri- 
 cans. 
 
 He was filled with an intense ]>atri()lisni for 
 his adopted country's cause, and at the very 
 beginning of the war, or in April, 18t)l, enli.sted 
 at Indianapolis as a private in Company I, 
 Seventh Indiana Infantry. The regiment partic- 
 ipated in the battles of Philippi, Laurel Hill, 
 and Carrick Fort, all in West Virginia, but as 
 the men had only enlisted for three months, in 
 August they were ordered back to Indianapolis 
 and mustered out. But young F'out had enlisted 
 in the beginning with determined and patriotic 
 motives, whicli were not in the least abated bv 
 the service he had seen, and he accordinglv at 
 once re-enlisted in an artillery regiment. The 
 latter was broken up by internal dissensions, 
 but each battery entered the service as an inde- 
 pendent organization. 
 
 In January, 18()2, Mr. Font was made orderlv 
 
 sergeant of the Fifteenth Indiana Independent 
 Battery, and in August of the same year won 
 promotion to a second lieutenancy for gallant 
 service. In January, 18(54, he was made first 
 lieutenant, and after that time was almost con- 
 tinuously in command of the battery, which saw 
 almost constant fighting under Generals McClel- 
 land, Miles, Burnsides, Schofield, Sherman and 
 Cox; and it may be mentioned incidentally that 
 it was one of Lieutenant Font's guns that threw 
 the first shell into Atlanta. In June, l-Sd."), the 
 lieutenant and his battery were mustered out 
 at Indianapolis, its commander having served 
 from the first to the last month of the entire 
 war. 
 
 Not having seen his parents for almost a 
 dozen years, soon after the declaration of peace 
 he determined to visit them, and sailed for the 
 fatherland. He remained there but a short 
 time, but long enough to form a tender attach- 
 ment for Miss Mathilda C. Brandt, the daughter 
 of his old school-master, who was a child four 
 years old when he left home. The young lady 
 reciprocated, and in liSlili came to New York, 
 and on August :^7th, in that cit)-, they were 
 married. 
 
 After the honeymoon the young conjile went 
 to Indianapolis, where ;\Ir. Font, with others, 
 l^ecame interested in the glass manufacturing 
 business, their plant being at that time the first 
 and only one in the West. After a number of 
 years he severed his connection with the glass 
 company, and subsequently engaged in various 
 commercial enterprises, meeting with success in 
 some and reverses in others. In l'S81 he came 
 to St. Louis, and for seven years was considered 
 by the Missouri Glass Company one of its most 
 valuable traveling salesmen. He resigned be- 
 cause the work kept him too much away from 
 home. Surveying the field after his resignation, 
 he decided to go into the claim and pension 
 business. He fitted himself therefor, was admit- 
 ted to practice before the governmental depart- 
 ments at Washington, and is now at the head of 
 one of the most extensive and successful pension 
 and claim businesses in the West. In addition to 
 his large practice he has, of late years, given 
 
^/A^. i/:^"^.^ 
 
nh h;ra phica l appendix. 
 
 409 
 
 C()nsi(lcral)le attention to Ijtiikh 
 course of the last three years lia 
 citv of St. Louis with some of 
 most modern residences to be seen 
 part of the city. 
 
 IlAKKK, 
 
 .\lma (He 
 countv, II 
 
 AM 
 
 I'.s EuGKXK, sou of Ji 
 ■ks ) Baker, was born i 
 s, :\Iav 1, 1S47. He 
 
 died tlie 
 inest and 
 e western 
 
 se])h and 
 1 I.aSalle 
 was edu- 
 native 
 ley-iate 
 
 as a solicitor for the Mu 
 
 I'or seven years he \ 
 
 this ca])acity, or unti 
 
 al Mie, of New York, 
 rked industriously in 
 lis superiors became 
 
 cated in the common schools of hi 
 countv, and subsequently received his c 
 t r a i 11 i n g at Knox 
 College, Cialesburg, 
 Illinois, graduating 
 in the class of I'ST'i. 
 He i m m e d i a t e 1 y 
 started out in the 
 world to earn his liv- 
 ing, and in the fall 
 of the same year he 
 left school found 
 himself at St. Paul, 
 Minnesota, where he 
 secured a situation 
 with the vSt. Paul 
 HarvesterWorks. In 
 this ]:iosition he ex- 
 ecuted liis work so 
 faithfully, and did 
 hisduty so well, that 
 in about two years 
 after he reached St. 
 Paul he so fa\-orably 
 impressed the whole- 
 sale grocery firm of 
 
 Xewell i<: Harrison, in the neighboring 
 Miiiiieai)olis that they offered him emiil 
 as traveling salesman. 
 
 He remained witli this house a year, and was 
 a very successful salesman, but he had reached 
 the conclusion that St. Louis offered exceptional 
 ojjportunities to a young man, and he accord- 
 ingly left the firm and came to this city in 1.S7.'). 
 He at once accepted a position as solicitor for 
 the :\Iutual Benefit Association, of Newark, New 
 Jersey, at which work he continued until the 
 year 1880, when he accepted a better position 
 
 aware that his knowledge of the insurance busi- 
 ness and his devotion to their interests entitled 
 him to promotion. He was made superintend- 
 ent of agencies, an office he administered fur 
 two years, or until the year IJSIS!), when he asso- 
 ciated himself with the Messrs. vSherman and 
 Joseph E. Baker, under the firm name of Sher- 
 man, Sou & Baker, in the general insurance 
 agency bus in ess. 
 Injune, 18fl2,this 
 firm was succeeded 
 by James E. and Jo- 
 seph E. Baker, under 
 the style of Baker 
 Bros. The firm holds 
 the general agency 
 for the Mutual Life 
 Insurance Company, 
 of New York, and 
 the agency is one of 
 the most important 
 in the gift of the 
 company, its terri- 
 tor\' covering Mis- 
 souri, Oklahoma and 
 Indian Territory, a 
 sectitni that contains 
 more ])atrons of the 
 Mutual Life than 
 any other life insur- 
 ance concern can 
 boast. Mr. Baker is 
 considered one of the most expert and best posted 
 life insurance men in St. Louis. He has forced 
 his way to the front with very little outside 
 assistance, and with nothing but his pluck and 
 energv to assist him, and is now regarded as 
 not only an insurance expert, but also as an 
 exceptionally valuable citizen and general worker 
 for good. 
 
 He was married Mav, ISTii, to Miss Prances 
 Rilev, of Rome, New York. Mrs. Baker died 
 August ">, 1881, leaving three children — Maud, 
 Henry E. and George S. 
 
 JAHES E. BAKER. 
 
 ■ilV of 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Drew, Francis A., the third sou of William 
 Henry Drew, of Lisinore, Waterford county, 
 Ireland, was born June 7, 1S48. He, with his 
 Inothers, was educated by a private tutor until 
 the former was fifteen years of age, when he was 
 sent to the college of the Trappist Monks, at 
 Mount Melleray, remaining there as a pupil 
 until he was seventeen. In order to complete 
 his studies he was sent to the Catholic I'ni- 
 versity of Ireland, and whilst there determined 
 to take up the study of medicine. Successfully 
 passing the examination for entrance, he was 
 given the benefit of lectures at the University 
 School of Medicine, and for hospital practice 
 attended the Mercer Street, Mater Misericordia 
 and St. Vincent hospitals. He had as fellow- 
 students at this time many men who afterward 
 rose to distinction as members of the Parlia- 
 mentary ])arty of Ireland, such as John and 
 William Dillon, O'Connor, Fottrel and Dawson, 
 and also Henry D'Arcy, who became a promi- 
 nent member of the St. I^ouis bar. 
 
 During the Fenian excitement of l.Si>7-().S, 
 Mr. Drew, with other students of the universit\-, 
 was suspected with being in s\-mpath\- with the 
 movement, and not wishing to incur the dis- 
 pleasure of the authorities, h.e determined to 
 leave his nati\-e land. Heing informed that the 
 position of house surgeon in a hospital at Lima, 
 Peru, was at the disposal of the famous Dr. 
 Stapleton, of Dublin, he made application for 
 the place, but on account of his }outh the 
 jietition was not granted, and this operated to 
 fix his determination to go to New York, to 
 which city his friend and fellow-student, Henry 
 D'Arc\-, shortly followed him. Remaining in 
 New York only a short time, he came on to St. 
 I-,ouis, where he settled, and after undergoing 
 all the disap])ointments which new arrivals 
 generally experience, he got a position as l)ook- 
 keeper in a paint, oil and glass house. 
 
 There, by applicatiini and hard work, he 
 learned enough of the glass business to warrant 
 liim in starting independently for himself, and 
 with the aid of his friends he secured the agency 
 for one of the oldest plate and window glass im- 
 porting houses in New York, combining with 
 
 this the agency for a foreign encaustic tile com- 
 pany, and opening an office in the Insurance 
 Building, at Fifth and Olive, laid the foundation 
 of his present business. Finding his business 
 growing, he, at the end of the first year, opened 
 a store on Sixth street, between St. Charles and 
 Locust, where he remained four years and then 
 mo^'ed to Seventh and St. Charles streets. 
 There he remained twelve years, or until, to 
 meet the requirements of the enlarged business, 
 a mo\-e became necessary to the present splen- 
 did building at Twelfth and ,St. Charles streets. 
 The firm is incorporated under the style of the 
 F. A. Drew Glass Company, with Mr. Drew as 
 its president. 
 
 Mr. Drew is socially inclined, and is a member 
 of the L^niversity, Mercantile and .Marquette 
 clubs; he is a director of the Merchants' Na- 
 tional Bank, is a director of tlie Mercantile 
 Library .\ssociation, and is also treasurer of the 
 Catholic ( )rphans' Board. 
 
 Though his father was a Protestant up to the 
 time of his marriage, and although he never 
 completeh- severed his connection with that 
 church, he allowed the mother, who was a 
 member of the Catholic church, to bring up all 
 the children in that faith; consequently, Mr. 
 Drew has been and is now a Catholic. .Although 
 his \-iews are not of the extreme sort, he sub- 
 scribes to the political principles of the Repub- 
 lican part)'. 
 
 On September ^, l.ST:^, he was married to 
 F'mma L. Barnett, .second daughter of Oeorge I. 
 Barnett b\' his first wife, who was a daughter of 
 Kdwin Lewis, surgeon in the Royal Nav\' of 
 (ireat Britain and Ireland, and who at the time 
 of his marriage was in active service on board 
 Her Majesty's Ship L2niuloiig. Mr. Drew is the 
 father of ele\-en children, seven girls and four 
 lx)\s, all of whom, with the exception of one, 
 who died recently, are li\-ing. 
 
 ( )wing t(_) his uni\ersit\- training he is a man 
 of liberal education, which has been polished by 
 extended travels throughout this country and 
 F'urope. He is .still quite a student and takes 
 a great interest in all intellectual and literary 
 questions. 
 
v^lC vl. \ 
 
 ■*^>^wviMr 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 vScHXHLLH, August H., sou of Christopher H. 
 and Margaret Elizabeth (Eversmann) Schnelle, 
 was born near Dayton, Ohio, December 22, 
 is;;;i. His parents moved to St. Louis wlien he 
 was four years of age. Until he was twelve he 
 attended a private school, after which he studied 
 at the Jefferson Public School for two years. 
 
 He commenced work with Mr. Alexander 
 Riddle in the lumber business in 1858. Young 
 Mr. vSchnelle remained with him for four )ears, 
 d\uing which time he acquired much valuable 
 knowledge concern- 
 ingthe business. He 
 then resigned his 
 position and went 
 through a business 
 course at Jones' 
 Commercial College, 
 after which he ac- 
 cepted a position 
 with Mr. James D. 
 Leonard, who trans- 
 acted a large lumber 
 business under the 
 supervision of Mr. 
 
 Schnelk 
 
 •ho had 
 
 full charge of the 
 business at the time. 
 He remained with 
 M r. Leonard f or 
 
 time 
 
 ith the 
 
 large that it was decided to incorporate a com- 
 pany under the laws of the State. The new 
 corporation was named the Schnelle & Ouerl 
 I^umber Company, with Mr. Schnelle as presi- 
 dent and Mr. Ouerl as treasurer. The business 
 having entirely outgrown its quarters, it moved 
 to the present commodious premises occupied 
 by it on the corner of Main and Angelica streets. 
 Mr. Schnelle's career has been a very pros- 
 perous one. The firm of which he is president 
 is now carrying on a very extensive and profit- 
 ab le lumber bu si- 
 ness, with connec- 
 tions at very distant 
 points, besides a lo- 
 cal trade of great 
 magnitude. He has 
 made his way in the 
 world by indnstr\- 
 and by attending 
 stricth' to his own 
 affairs. He has been 
 repeatedly urged to 
 enter political life 
 and run for office. 
 
 It h 
 
 as stead 1 1 \- 
 
 refused andhasneN'er 
 
 cen auv 
 
 Mr. Schi 
 
 Miss Sop 
 
 L. 
 
 management of the 
 
 business, and when 
 
 in I f^fi'S he decided to start in business for himself, 
 
 I here was nothing in connection with the lumber 
 
 business that was worth knowing that was a 
 
 sealed book to Mr. Schne'Ue, who had over 
 
 fifteen years experience in the lumber trade. 
 
 Associatinghimsc-lf with .Mr. Charles I-. Oner), 
 they purchased llie Wilkinsun-Hryan lumber 
 \ard on the northwest corner of Highth and 
 Mnllanphy .streets, where the new firm carried 
 on business for a sliort time and then mo\ed to a 
 more convenient location on Main and Destre- 
 han .streets. In 1881 the business became .so 
 
 AUGUST H. SCH^EIJ 
 
 .\u.t 
 Ron 
 
 Crothers, of Natch- 
 ez, IMississipjn. The 
 ed with four children — 
 iam C, Airnes !•;., and 
 
 Maktix, Johx Ikwix, was born May 21, 
 isi.s, in St. Louis, .Mis.souri. His parents were 
 William and I'rances (Irwin) .Martin. He 
 attended the public schools until he was four- 
 teen years old, and then worked for his father 
 in the drayage business, keei)ing books and 
 superintending the business, and not hesitating, 
 when it was necessary, to drive a dray hini.self. 
 
412 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 He then held the position of shii)ping clerk and 
 salesman for the connnission house of Theodore 
 Kleinschmidt 6c Company; was then employed 
 as salesman by T. A. Anderson & Company, 
 commission merchants, and then as salesman 
 for George Bain & Company for several years. 
 
 During the years of 1873-74, he was in the 
 grain, commission and agricultural implement 
 business on his own account. He soon built up 
 au extensive business, and at the St. Louis Fair 
 of 1873 was awarded the second premium for 
 the largest display of agricultural imi^leraents 
 in the United States. In 1875 he failed in busi- 
 ness on account of having extended credit to 
 the farmers of Missouri and Kansas, who were 
 unable to meet their debts because of the de- 
 struction of their crops by the grasshoppers. 
 He refused to take advantage of the bankruptcy- 
 law, turned everything over to his creditors and 
 retired from business. 
 
 He then read law in the office of R. S. McDon- 
 ald. During this time he aided in forming the 
 [Missouri Artificial Stone and Paving Company, 
 of which R. vS. McDonald was president; Hon. 
 Nicholas M. Bell was secretary and treasurer, 
 and Vi.x. ?klartin was superintendent and busi- 
 ness manager. This conqiany filled many large 
 contracts for paving the streets. 
 
 In 187(1 Mr. Martin was admitted to the bar 
 by the judges of the St. Louis Circuit Court, 
 Judge Liudley presiding. In 1M7!I he was ad- 
 mitted to ])ractice before the United States Su- 
 preme Court, on motion of Hon. Montgomer\- 
 Blair. 
 
 Since that time Mr. Martin has given almost 
 his entire time and attention to the practice of 
 law, his business 1/eing largeh' the defense in 
 criminal cases. In this Ijranch of the law he 
 has won a high reputation, ha\-iug been engaged 
 in many of the most notable and important 
 cases that have been tried in this city, among 
 which were the Chinese Highbinder cases, 
 the Milton Neal and Maxwell-Preller cases. 
 
 In is.s;) Mr. Martin formed a partnership 
 with Mr. vSimou .S. Bass, later Mr. Carr joining 
 the firm, which is one of the most successful in 
 this city of strong firms and able lawyers. 
 
 Although an active Inisiness man before 
 entering the legal profession, and a busy, hard- 
 working lawyer since. Air. Alartin has found 
 time to give a good deal of attention to politics, 
 and is always ready to respond to the call of his 
 party, and he has frequently been honored by it. 
 He was elected to the Legislature in 1872; 
 re-elected in 1874, and again in 187(5. At the 
 session in 1.S74-7.") he was elected speaker pro 
 tempore, and frequenth" presided over the 
 House, always acquitting himself with great 
 credit. During his entire legislative career he 
 was assigned to important committees and 
 proved himself a careful, industrious legislator. 
 
 Before Mr. Martin attained his majority he 
 was president of "The Red Rangers," one of 
 the largest political clubs e\-er organized in the 
 city. In l.S7(_) he was the member of the City 
 Democratic Committee from the Ninth Ward; 
 was the first member of the Democratic State 
 Committee from the E'ghth District, and served 
 in that capacity for eight years. In 1884 he 
 was the Democratic elector from the Eighth 
 District. In addition to his services for the Dem- 
 ocratic party in his own State, Mr. Martin 
 has canvassed the States of Illinois, Indiana and 
 Ohio in the presidential campaigns of 1M84 and 
 bS'SS^ speaking man)- times from the same plat- 
 form with Thomas A. Hendricks. 
 
 Mr. Martin is prominent in the work of \ari- 
 ous fraternal and bene\-olent societies. He has 
 been the orator for the Ancient Order of United 
 Workmen for several years; is Past Grand Com- 
 mander of the Legion of Honor of Mi.s.souri; is 
 Past Grand and present Grand Dictator of the 
 Knights of Honor of Missouri, besides being a 
 member of other orders in which he has exer- 
 cised executive functions. 
 
 Mr. Martin was jnarried June 11, 1S7l\ to 
 Miss Clara La Barge, daughter of Captain 
 Charles La Barge, of the old La Barge line of 
 steamers, who lost his life many years ago in 
 the explosion of the steamer Saluda. 
 
 ScHKKR, Jacob, is of Teutonic origin and 
 extraction, ha\-ing been born in ISolienhcim und 
 Berg, Ciermau}-, October 2<i, ISLl. His parents 
 
n/OGR.lPIflCAL APPENDIX. 
 
 4ir 
 
 were l"'raii/, a 
 Mr. Scheer v 
 pul)lic schools 
 
 ■X Margarethe 
 s educated ii 
 afterward lea 
 
 Seltsoii ) Scheer. 
 (rerniaiu- at the 
 ling the trade of 
 
 wagon maker. 
 
 In is;')?, .seeking for a wider field, he em- 
 grated to America, coming direct to .St. \^o\\\> 
 where he worked at his trade until the sprin 
 of lcS4(), when he started in business for hinise 
 as wagon maker, at the corner of .Sixtli an 
 Chestnut streets. He continued to carr\- o 
 tile business of wagon making until the suuimt: 
 of bS'S"), when, hav- 
 ing amassed a com- 
 petency, and having 
 seen all of his chil- 
 dren married and 
 comfortablx- settled 
 in life, he retired 
 and was succeeded 
 in l)usiuess by his 
 si Ml, Louis Scheer. 
 
 Mr. Scheer is a 
 fine illustratioi 
 spent 
 toiling 
 fully ill early 
 now in his old age, 
 he is reaping its 
 liar\est, and in his 
 comfortable litime, 
 at L'l!2!l Bernard 
 street, himself and 
 the comijaiiidu and 
 sharer of his sor- 
 rows and joys are 
 ]-)caccfully spend 
 
 ■11- 
 
 Aftt 
 
 of a 
 ife. 
 mail- 
 life, 
 
 g the remainder of thei 
 
 (la\-; 
 
 Mr. vScheer was n 
 tu Miss IClizabeth 
 union has been six i 
 daughters. In l^!? 1 
 to see the land of his 
 visiting the scenes :i 
 
 KiianM':R, An; 
 I'.oanl of luhicatioi 
 member of the firir 
 
 larried Se])teiiil)er 17, ls;;s. 
 Stork. The result of this 
 diildreu — two sons and lour 
 , he took a trip to Germany 
 birth, and spent six months 
 nd friends of his vouth. 
 
 T H. 
 of th 
 .f Kir 
 
 th 
 
 .S: Ki 
 
 architects, was liorn in the \ear l^'i.s, in the 
 city of St. Louis. 
 
 He is too \\ell known to reciuire aii\' introduc- 
 tion into a history of St. Louis. He is a mem- 
 ber of that grand profession that does more in 
 the education of mankind in general than at 
 first appears to the disinterested observer. 
 
 Of all the arts, architecture is the most use- 
 ful; it is so pre-eminently useful, when compared 
 with any of the other arts, that they appear 
 almost entirely of a different nature. 
 
 Within its scoj^jc, 
 all of the otlier arts 
 are enumerated. 
 Hiigineering, one of 
 its factors, added to 
 it within recent 
 years only, now 
 forms one of its 
 chief accinirements; 
 besides, financiering 
 must be included as 
 one of the accom- 
 l)lishmeiits of the 
 architect of to-day. 
 Xo one single in- 
 dustry or pn.ifession 
 sn hngelv cnntril.- 
 ules In the welfare 
 of man as architect- 
 ure. 
 
 T o - (1 a >• , the 
 science of medicine, 
 ;cHNER. as far as sanitary 
 
 appliances are con- 
 cerned, must be compassed b>- the architect. In 
 fact, none but those of the broadest intellect can 
 achieve success in the field of architecture to-day. 
 
 The standing in the c 
 ject of our sketch, still 
 sufTicient reference to tin 
 no further comment h\m 
 
 Cki:vki.i.v<;, William 
 the j)ushiiig, progressiv 
 so materially to the wealt 
 prosperity of this metropoli 
 
 inmunit\- 
 
 of the sub- 
 
 oung 
 
 in 
 
 vears, forms 
 
 geuer; 
 us. 
 
 IP 
 
 iblic to need 
 
 .'l.l-'.M, 
 
 j^ . 
 
 fair l\pe of 
 
 \1)11U 
 
 g men who add 
 
 th an 
 
 1 s 
 
 )lid business 
 
 olis of 
 
 the .Mississippi 
 
414 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Valley. He is the son of Henry C. and .Mar- 
 garet ( DeWitt ) Creveling, and was born at 
 Morrow, Ohio, April 2, 1857. 
 , In 18r)8, while but an infant, his parents re- 
 moved to St. Louis, making it their permanent 
 home. He attended the public schools of the 
 citv for a number of years, going from there to 
 the Washington University. At the age of 
 nineteen he left the latter institution to engage 
 in business, securing a position with the Wig- 
 gins Ferry Company, of which his father was a 
 prominent stockholder, and remaining with the 
 fcrr\- company nine years. 
 
 In December, 188H, he engaged in the car- 
 riage business on his own responsibility at X'-rli 
 (^live street; in 1887, one year later, he built 
 his present commodious establishment, 2007 
 Lucas place. 
 
 ^Ir. Creveling has for a number of years taken 
 an active part in all political affairs, and is an 
 ardent Democrat. For six years, from 1.S7.S to 
 1S84, he was central committeeman for both 
 congressional and city in the Eighteenth ward, 
 discharging all the manifold duties of the posi- 
 tion with entire satisfaction to the party to 
 which he is allied. He is also a strong patron 
 of the turf, with a love for blooded stock, l)eing 
 a director of the Missouri Breeders' Association, 
 and at his stock farm ( Blue Star), eleven miles 
 from the city on the Clayton road, he keeps a 
 superb stock of trotting horses, as well as Jer- 
 se\- cattle and other fine stock. He is also a 
 member of tlie vSt. Louis Trotting Association. 
 
 He was married June L'>, 1.S78, to Aliss .\nnie 
 Hyde. The issue of this union has been se\en 
 children, four boys and three girls. 
 
 O'vShka, Jo.SKPH M., is of Celtic origin, his 
 father, Dennis O'Sliea, coming from Limerick, 
 Ireland, while the name of his mother before 
 her marriage was Mary Sullivan. Joseph ^L 
 O'Shea was born in Dubuque, Iowa, -\pril 7, 
 l.*S44. He received his pre]iaratory education in 
 the schools of Ferryville, Missouri, completing 
 the same at the Jesuit College of St. Louis. He 
 considered his talents suited to a mercantile 
 career, and after leaving school spent se\eral 
 
 years in commercial pursuits, and finally located 
 at Union, Missouri. 
 
 The citizens of that town within a few years 
 recognized his worth, and in Lstiii he was 
 elected collector and deputy sheriff of Frank- 
 lin county. LTpon the expiration of his four 
 years' term, during which he developed such 
 capacity as a public official that the people 
 elected him to the more responsible position of 
 circuit clerk, an office he held two terms, 
 covering a period of eight years. At the expi- 
 ration of this period he spent several years in 
 tra\eling, but in I.S.SH he accepted the appoint- 
 ment as deputy chief inspector-of grain. 
 
 His chief resigned in 18il0, and Wx. O'Shea 
 was ai^pointed in his place to fill the unexpired 
 terra of eight months, and at its expiration was 
 appointed as his own successor for a term of 
 four vears, which is yet unexpired. He is a 
 verv influential citizen in I'nion, where he 
 resides, and has been a member of its town 
 council for au\- number of terms. Mr. O'.Shea is 
 unmarried. 
 
 Dorci.A.s, WalTKK Bond, was born at Bruns- 
 wick, Missouri, December 20, 1S.')1. His gen- 
 eral education was received at Westminster 
 College, Fulton, Missouri. After he had earned 
 the graduate's diploma of this institution he 
 determined to embrace the law as his profession, 
 and accordingly entered Harvard College, taking 
 the law course and graduating therefrom in the 
 class of l'S77, with the degrees of A.B. and 
 LL.B. He then returned to his old home at 
 Brunswick, but was prevented from opening a 
 law practice by a dangerous term of illness, 
 upon recovering from which he removed to St. 
 Louis, where he has since resided. 
 
 He began the practice of law as soon as he 
 was settled, continuing at such alone until Jan- 
 uary, 18.s;?, at which date he entered into part- 
 nership with William H. Scudder, the firm 
 being known as Douglas & Scudder, and attend- 
 ing to a general civil practice. The firm has 
 made a reputation for the careful manner in 
 which it has assisted in the settlement of a 
 number of big estates, among which was the 
 
lUOCRArniCAL APPENDIX. 
 
 adiniuistration of tlie noted Ames estate, on 
 wliicli, with Colonel Broadhead and (iiven Camp- 
 bell, they have been engaged for the past eight 
 years. They are now at work on the Sonlard 
 will case, which is scarcely less important. 
 
 IMr. Douglas married Miss Fannie B. Kimball, 
 danghter of Benjamin Kimball, of this city, and 
 has two children. 
 
 vScHOTT, ArorsTrs 
 :\Iary ( Rabba ) Schott 
 (iennany, Jannar>- 
 I'll, l.s.')(). His father 
 was at that time ^i- 
 gaged in mamifact- 
 uring carriages at 
 the German capital, 
 and is now carrying 
 on the same lousiness 
 at .\lton, Illinois, 
 where he located on 
 coming to America. 
 
 Angnstns attended 
 tlic common schools 
 at .\lton for a term of 
 two }ears, and then 
 entered Sheutleff 
 College at Upper Al- 
 ton, from which he 
 graduated in d u e 
 course. In bSTii he 
 studied medicine 
 under Doctor P. E. 
 Johnson. Reentered 
 t h c Hnmccopathic 
 Medical College of .Mi.s: 
 during the years 1S7I 
 the s])riug of I'STiJ. 
 in .\lton the same ; 
 .St. Louis. 1 
 
 H., son of (reorge 
 was born in Hamb 
 
 ouri, in which he studied 
 
 'I and 1S72, graduating in 
 
 He commenced practicing 
 
 ear, and in ISSl mo\'ed to 
 
 is,s;i he was elected to the chair 
 
 DR. A. H. SCHOTT 
 
 .f his .\h 
 rhildren. 
 
 a Mater as professor of diseases of 
 In l.sss he was elected to the chair 
 of i)rofessor of the theory of medicine, and in 
 l«'H!i of the i)ractice of medicine, holding that 
 position now. 
 
 Doctor .Schott is attending ])h\sician of the 
 Memorial Home and of the .Missouri Institute of 
 
 Homoeopathy. He is a .Master .Mason and a 
 prominent member of the local Legion of Honor, 
 Royal Arcanum and .\. O. U. W. He is con- 
 sidered as one of the leading homoeopathic phy- 
 sicians of the West, and his treatment is regarded 
 with great respect by his colleagues. He is an 
 ardent believer in the principles first enunciated 
 by Hahnemann, is jirominent in all discussions 
 as to the best system of treatment of various 
 diseases; his college lectures are exceptionally 
 brilliant, and his opinion is sought constantly 
 b\- students in the 
 schools of medicine 
 other than his own. 
 Although his St. 
 Louis practice is 
 \ery large, he is fre- 
 quently called out of 
 the city in difScult 
 and dangerous cases, 
 and his brother phy- 
 sicians in the West 
 all ajipreciate his as- 
 sist a n c e and a (1 - 
 vice. 
 
 He is very liberal 
 in his \-icws, happy 
 in liis ]iri\ate life, 
 and a very popular 
 cili/euiu every sense 
 of the word. 
 
 Dr. .Schott married 
 in l>i7.'> Miss Lmma 
 Xulson. He has four 
 children, all girls. 
 Pi'LLLS, .Arc.r.STf.s, son of 'riiomas R. and 
 Harriet (Berdan) Pullis, was born in St. Louis, 
 September 28, l.S4.'). He was educated in the 
 public schools of St. Louis until .seventeen years 
 of age, when he entered the iron foundry busi- 
 ness, then being carried on by his father and 
 uncles, with a \-ie\v of learning the trade of 
 machinist. He served as aiijirentice for four 
 \ears, and remained with the lu)use until 1.^74, 
 when he became a member of the firm, which 
 was from that time known as T. R. Pullis vS: 
 Sons. On the death of .Mr. Pullis .senior, in 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 1H7.S, the business was continued by the sons, 
 under the uame of Pullis Brothers, by which 
 name it is still known, although durino; the last 
 fifteen years it has increased in importance so 
 rapidly that it is difficult to imagine that it is 
 the outgrowth of the comparatively small estab- 
 lishment of the seventies. 
 
 The brothers are the proprietors of the Mis- 
 sissippi Iron Works Foundry, with an office at 
 1208 S. Seventh street, and covering over half a 
 block, with frontage on Seventh, Eighth and 
 Hickory streets. The works turn out an enor- 
 mous quantity of iron andiron goods every year, 
 and are shipping their products to every State 
 in the West and vSouth, and also to ^lexico. 
 The business was established fifty-three years 
 ago by the father of the present owners, and 
 their uncles. It is hence almost the oldest iron 
 establishment in the city, having been estab- 
 lished in 1839, and is one of the oldest and larg- 
 est in the West. The output of iron manu- 
 factured goods in vSt. Louis increased between 
 the years of IX.SO and 1890 from about 
 $4,000,000 to considerably over $5,000,000, and 
 a large share of this increase in the annual out- 
 put was enjoyed by the Mississippi Iron Works 
 Foundry. The foundry makes a specialty of 
 agricultural, ornamental and structural iron 
 work, and has a \ery high reputation for first- 
 class work and elegance of design. Air. 
 Augustus Pullis is in charge of the St. Louis 
 office and of the enormous works attached to it, 
 his brother and partner having gone to Chicago 
 early in 1892 to manage the branch of the firm 
 established there. 
 
 Mr. Pullis married on vSeptember 27, 1872, 
 Miss Angeline Somerville, of St. Louis. Mr. 
 Pullis is quite a prominent St. Louisan, and his 
 famih- is prominent in the West and South Kuds. 
 
 Pullis, Tiio.MA.s R., son of Thomas R. and 
 Harriet ( Berdan) Pullis, was born in St. Louis, 
 December 11, 1850. His father had moved 
 from New York City in 1X39, and had laid the 
 foundation for the firm now known as Pullis 
 Brothers at the time of the birth of the subject 
 of this .sketch. Young Thonuis attended the 
 
 public schools of this city and entered the St. 
 Louis University, where he studied until seven- 
 teen years of age, when he went into his father's 
 employ and remained about four years in various 
 confidential capacities. When twenty-one years 
 of age he was admitted into the firm, which was 
 known as the T. R. Pullis & vSons until the 
 year 1.S7.S, when Mr. Thomas R. Pullis. vSr., 
 died, and the firm name was changed to Pullis 
 Brothers, with Augustus and Thomas R. as sole 
 proprietors. 
 
 Mr. T. R. Pullis took an active part in the 
 management of the Mississippi Iron Works 
 F'ouudry, taking a special interest in the large 
 works of extension which became necessary as 
 the business of the works increased. Early in 
 the year 1892 the immense amount of business 
 coming from Chicago and the Northwest made 
 it necessary to open a branch establishment in 
 Chicago, and Mr. Thomas R. Pullis went to 
 that city to take charge of the branch. He re- 
 ports rapid increase of orders, and is figuring on 
 some contracts of an unusually exteusi\'e char- 
 acter. 
 
 In the year 1878 Mr. Pullis married Miss 
 Cora Marshall, of St. Louis county, and prior 
 to going to Chicago occupied a very pleasant 
 residence at No. 200'S Rutger street. He is a 
 very popular man in vSt. Louis, and the neces- 
 sitv of his moving to Chicago was much regret- 
 ted by many friends. It is hoped that when he 
 has fully established the new branch he will 
 return to St. Louis and reside again among his 
 numerous friends. 
 
 Roo.s, Lkon.\rd, .son of Leonard and Eleanor 
 ( Liszt) Roos, was born at Baden, (yermany, in 
 1<S3;>. He was educated in his nati\-e city and 
 went through a course of study in the high 
 schools of Baden. Leaving school when quite 
 young he entered heartily into the fur business, 
 which he commenced to learn very thoroughl\-. 
 His education in this industry was cut short by 
 the re\oIution of 1S49, when his family left 
 I.adeu and came to .\mcrica. The\' settled in 
 Newark, New Jersey, and young Roos secured 
 employment in the trade of his choice in New 
 
niOdRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 417 
 
 York City, where he worked until l.S(il, when 
 lie was again disturbed by revolutionary troubles, 
 this time being the civil war. 
 
 He at once enlisted in the Union army. He 
 saw much acti\-e service and exhibited conspic- 
 uous bravery, especially at the battle of Antie- 
 tam, on September 17, 18()2, when he was 
 dangerously wounded. After leaving the hos- 
 l)ital he was discharged from further service 
 on account of disability, and he returned to New 
 York, where, on regaining his health, he resumed 
 his work in the fur trade. 
 
 In the year 1867 Mr. Roos came to St. Louis 
 and established himself in business at the cor- 
 ner of Fourth street and Washington avenue, 
 where he speedily built up a good trade. He 
 started in with -small capital, but being a 
 practical furrier and the originator of a num- 
 ber of new ideas, he soon attracted attention, 
 and before he had been in the business many 
 years had a larger amount of trade than he 
 could well attend to. In 1887 he incorpo- 
 rated the business. The Tveonard Roos Fur 
 Company was incorporated with a capital stock 
 of $50,()0(), with very spacious quarters at No. 
 ;')12 Locust street. The company carries one of 
 the largest and most costly stocks of furs to be 
 found in the West, or indeed in any part of the 
 country, and its agents in different States are 
 always prepared to purchase rare and handsome 
 skins and furs. The window is one of the 
 handsomest in the city, and is pointed out to 
 visitors as one of the local attractions. At the 
 Exposition Mr. Roos has spared no expense or 
 trouble in preparing designs and exhibits of the 
 most magnificent character. He was among the 
 first to appreciate the value of moving figures, 
 and his display has been looked upon for some 
 years as practically an exposition of itself. 
 
 As will be seen from this sketch, ]\Ir. Roos 
 has built up his own career. During the last 
 tweuty-five years he has established a fur busi- 
 ness of exceptionally large proportions, and b\- 
 strict attention to business principles has accu- 
 mulated, if not a large fortune, at least a hand- 
 some competency. He has sold high-priced 
 furs to New York millionaires, as well as to the 
 
 wealthy men of the Pacific Slope, and, indeed, 
 to connoisseurs in all parts of the countrv. lit- 
 is now one of the leading men of St. Louis. 
 He is a proniiuent member of the Frank 1'. IJlair 
 Post, (t. a. R., the Legion of Honor, the I'liiou 
 Veteran Legion, the Gentlemen's Driving Club, 
 the Liederkranz vSociety and the Turner Society. 
 
 H.VVDOCK, WlIXIAM ThOMPSOX, SOU of Zeuo 
 
 and Hannah (Thompson) Haydock, was born 
 at Monrovia, Indiana, January 1, l.S4.">. His 
 parents moved to Warren county, Ohio, when lie 
 was quite young, and his early education was 
 received in the public schools of Wafren 
 county. He attended the Southwestern .State 
 Normal, at Lebanon, Ohio, where he graduated 
 in the year ISCU. 
 
 He then taught school for ten years, and in the 
 year 1.S74 joined his brother, Mr. T. T. Hay- 
 dock, who was in the carriage manufacturing 
 business at Cincinnati, and the firm became 
 known as the T. T. Haydock Carriage Company. 
 In 1-H77 William T. Haydock and his brother 
 Daniel W. Haydock came to St. Louis and 
 established a carriage factor\- at the corner of 
 Third street and Chouteau avenue, where the\- 
 carried on the business as Haydock Brothers 
 with great success. They continued business 
 here under the same name, Haydock Brothers, 
 until 1884 when Mr. D. W. Haydock withdrew. 
 
 For nine }ears Mr. W. T. Haydock has con- 
 tinued the business of Haydock Brothers as 
 sole proprietor. He remained at the Third street 
 and Chouteau avenue locationuntil the year 1888, 
 by which time his trade had increased so rapidly 
 that he was compelled to move into a more mod- 
 ern and roomy quarter. He accordingly built 
 for himself a magnificent factory at Fourteenth 
 street and Papin avenue and moved into it. 
 
 The factory is thoroughly equipped with mod- 
 ern machinery in every department, and is not 
 onh- the largest and best equipped carriage fac- 
 tory in St. Louis, but is absolutely unexcelled 
 in the entire West. He remained .sole proprie- 
 tor of the firm until his death in I8iia, and the 
 output of carriages of the highest and best 
 grades was exceedingly large. 
 
4 IS 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 In addition to liis vSt. Louis interests he was 
 ])rtsident of the T. T. Haydock Carriage Com- 
 pany, of Cincinnati, Ohio, since 1885; president 
 of the Cook Carriage Company, of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, since 1890; and he was also president of 
 the American Cathedral Glass Company, of 
 Anderson, Indiana. Mr. Haydock was for many 
 years qnite prominent in St. Lonis, and was in 
 the foregronnd in every movement affecting the 
 citj-'s interest. He was a prominent member of 
 the executive committee of the Aiitumnal Festi\'- 
 ities Association, and was also a member of the 
 Mercantile, the St. Louis and the Union clubs. 
 
 He was a member of the Lafayette Presby- 
 terian Church, and served on the board of 
 trustees for that institution. His standing was 
 such, even in Cincinnati, where he had not 
 resided since 1877, that he was at the time of 
 his death president of the Carriage Makers' Club 
 of that city. 
 
 Mr. Haydock was married on August 4, ISHo, 
 to Miss Emilie Lewis, of New Vienna, Ohio, and 
 has two children. His daughter married Mr. J. 
 P. Camp, the manager of the Haydock carriage 
 factories at St. Louis; and Oscar Haydock is 
 connected with his family's business interests in 
 this city. Mr. W. T. Haydock's health failed 
 him last year and he died after a brief illness. 
 
 Bakkr, Joseph Edwin, one of the authorities 
 on life insurance in this city, and a prominent 
 man in business or professional circles generally, 
 is nearh- fifty-two years of age, he having been 
 l)nru in Saratoga county, New York, on August 
 ■1\, \M-1. His father was Mr. Joseph Baker, 
 and his mother's maiden name was Alma 
 Hendricks. Although an eastern man by birth, 
 Mr. Baker is i-eally western in education as well 
 as sentiment, for while he was still an infant his 
 fauiih- moved to Illinois and settled in LaSallc 
 county, in the connnon schools of which Joseph 
 E. was educated. He then entered Sandwich 
 Academy, where he graduated at the age of 
 eighteen. 
 
 In the .same year, 18(;(), he accepted a position 
 as school teacher, and taught school for one 
 year. Having a preference for a more active 
 
 life, he then entered the agricultural implement 
 and reaping business, with which he was con- 
 nected for a jjeriod of seven years. In l.S7o Mr. 
 Baker moved to St. Louis, having accepted a 
 special agency here for Andrews & Company, 
 the well-known school furniture house. His 
 work was so satisfactory that he was soon pro- 
 moted to the position of manager for the firm. 
 Again his efforts were \-ery successful, and he 
 finallv made up his mind to start in Imsiness 
 for himself. 
 
 At the end of three years he had built up a 
 very valuable connection and made a consider- 
 able sum of money, and ^Ir. (i. H. Thompson, 
 the extensive dealer in picttire frames and mold- 
 ings, then made him a \-ery tempting offer 
 to assume charge of his city business. After 
 some hesitation Mr. Baker accepted the offer, 
 and retained the position until the year 1880, 
 when be finally connected himself with the jiro- 
 fession in which he has subsequently attained 
 such distinction. 
 
 His first work in the insurance business was 
 as special agent for the Mutual Life of New 
 York. In 1887 he was appointed superintend- 
 ent of agencies for the same firm, and this jiosi- 
 tion he retained until 1889, when he became a 
 member of the firm of Sherman, Son &: Bakers. 
 His connection with the firm led to a great in- 
 crease in its business, and when in bSil:> it 
 became reorganized as Baker Brothers, it was 
 one of the largest general ageuc\- businesses in 
 the \Vest. During the last two years it has 
 continued to inci'ease in importance, and now 
 takes leading rank in this and adjoining States. 
 The subject of this sketch is the active manager 
 of the business, and is regarded as an expert in 
 insurance questions generally. He has found 
 time during his busy life to dispense consider- 
 able charity in an unostentatious manner, and 
 he is one of the leading pr<.)fessioual men of the 
 cit>-. 
 
 Mr. Baker married, on August Hi, 18(i4, Miss 
 \\'aity O'Dennis, of Somanauk, Illinois. He 
 has two children — ISIarcia E. and LeRoy, and 
 resides with his family in an elegant residence 
 on Allen a\enue. 
 
^a:. 
 
 a-^^^y^-^€^ 
 
BIOCIiAPinCAI. APPENDIX. 
 
 41<.) 
 
 Ma 
 
 CuRiSTopiri'iR, Jacor, sou of Jacol) 
 (Arensburi^ ) Cliristopher, was born ()cl()1)er 11, 
 Xt^il , ill France, just across the Hue from llie 
 city of Strassburg, aud withiu a few yards of tlie 
 tlicu Germau frontier. His father was a fanner, 
 and when he was about six years of age the 
 family came to America and settled in New 
 ( )r]eans. After a short sojourn in the extreme 
 vSontli tliev mo\-ed to Louis\-i]le, and it was in 
 the public schools of that city that Jacob 
 recei\-ed his primary education and training. 
 
 At the age of six- 
 teen he left school 
 and did general work 
 in I^ouisville until 
 the year 1845, when 
 he was apprenticed 
 to learn the moldcrs' 
 trade. He served 
 f(.)r two years aud 
 then as a journey- 
 man until the }ear 
 IS .")(), when he came 
 to vSt. Louis and 
 secured a position in 
 Haslett's foundry, 
 where he was fore- 
 man for four years, 
 and then became 
 connected with the 
 estal)lishment of Mr. 
 T. R. I'ullis, re- 
 maining with that 
 firm as foreman aud 
 manager for a pe- 
 riod considerably in excess of seventeen year 
 
 In 187;-5 he started in business on a sm: 
 scale at Park a\-euue and Ninth street, associa 
 ing himself with Mr. \Vm. S. Sim]ison, und 
 the firm name of ChvistoplKr X: Compan\-, ai 
 
 JACOB CHklSTOPHRR 
 
 in the year 
 as the Ch 
 Iron and 1- 
 pher as p 
 I'rom a v^ 
 
 ISS: 
 ristoi 
 
 ^: Simp 
 Irv Coiupaiu', 
 ent, a jiositio 
 
 iiicorpon 
 .\rcliitect 
 Mr. Chri 
 
 • still ho 
 
 lte( 
 
 •y small beginning the firm has 
 grown into one of very large proportions, and 
 the foundry now manufactures store fronts, jail 
 
 work, railings, shutters, fire escapes and 
 balconies, and all kinds of iron work for build- 
 ers. It also makes a specialty of castings of 
 every description, aud its work is of so high a 
 character that it frciineiUly receives orders from 
 cities very far removed from this point. The 
 foundry was originally a small building, but 
 thanks to the ceaseless energy of Mr. Christo- 
 pher it is now one of the largest in the West, 
 occupying an entire half block, with floor spaces 
 of 2()IlxI")4 feet and 74x1 _'.') feet. It is equipped 
 with e\-ery modern 
 appliance for carry- 
 ing on first-class 
 work, and is able to 
 execute orders of al- 
 niost unlimited 
 ainoiint with great 
 rapidit>-. 
 
 The career of Mr. 
 Ch ristoplier has been 
 in e\-ery resj^ect a 
 highly creditable 
 one. Tosa\thathe 
 is a self-made man is 
 to make use of an 
 ever\-day e.xpres- 
 sion which scarcely 
 co\-ers the ground. 
 When he first left 
 school he was coni- 
 l)elled to work for a 
 livelihood and to be 
 couleiit with \er\- 
 small wages. He 
 was ne\er, however, so poor but he was able to 
 .save a trifle, and by practicing .strict economy 
 he succeeded in amassing sufficient capital to 
 commence in business for himself. His career 
 since then has been one of steady ]n'ogress. The 
 cit\- has grown with great rapidity duriug the 
 IweiitN- \ears he has been at the head of the 
 foundry, and he has seen to it that the ])rogress 
 made by his establishment has been even more 
 rapid than that of the great city in which he 
 
 ides. Mr. Christopher is regarded generalh' 
 St. Louis as an e.xceptionally sound and 
 
420 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 reliable man, and his example is one which any 
 young man might follow with great advantage 
 to himself. 
 
 In 1«;J8 .Mr. Christopher married Miss Harriet 
 Simpson, of Ohio. He has one son, Arthur. 
 
 Root, Augustine Kilburn. — Although he 
 has lived many years at Alton, Augustine K. 
 Root has, during nearly half a century, been 
 identified directly with the trade and commerce 
 of St. Louis. Coming to Alton in 1849 he 
 entered trade in a small way, and by industry 
 and business talent attained a success which 
 permits him to spend the latter years of his life 
 in ease and plenty. He was born in Montague, 
 Massachusetts, December 8, 1829, and is there- 
 fore sixty-five years of age. His father, Elihu 
 Root, was a member of a prominent family and 
 was a man of ability; Kilburn, one of the names 
 given to the subject of the sketch, was also the 
 family name of his mother. In 1834, when 
 Augustine was yet a child, the family removed 
 to Craftsbury, \'ermont. In this village the lad 
 attended the public schools until he was old 
 enough to begin earning his own living. His 
 commercial career was begun by clerking in a 
 dry goods store in the village, a position only 
 held a year, however, and then left it to accept 
 a better position offered him in a store at Albany, 
 \'erniont. 
 
 But being- young and ambitious, he was filled 
 with a desire to join the throng which was push- 
 ing westward. At the end of a year's service 
 in the Albany store, he yielded to such long- 
 ings, and in October, 1849, reached Alton, Illi- 
 nois, which was then a town of much more com- 
 parative importance than now. He soon found 
 a position as clerk in the stove and hardware 
 store of A. Nelson, holding the situation until 
 18;')3, and then severed such relations to accept 
 a place with Topping Brothers, dealers in hard- 
 ware. About two years later, another change 
 was made, which resulted in his becoming a 
 proprietor, instead of an employe. A partner- 
 ship was formed with Mr. A. B. Piatt, and un- 
 der the firm name of Root & Piatt opened a 
 business in Alton, on Third street. 
 
 When the war broke out Mr. Root became 
 associated with J. H. Lamb, of Sjiringfield, Illi- 
 nois, in furnishing beef to the army. After the 
 close of the war Mr. Root returned to Alton and 
 for a few >ears actively engaged in assisting his 
 partner in the management of the business. 
 When the firm was finally dissolved it was to 
 permit Mr. Root to engage in the heavy hard- 
 ware and agricultural implement business in St. 
 Louis, at 113 South Main, under the style of 
 A. K. Root. F'or three years this establishment 
 existed and was very successful. The next busi- 
 ness connection in which he became interested 
 was with J. E. Hayuer & Company, general 
 western agents for the Wood Harvester. This 
 last named partnership was formed December 
 2(1, 1.S7-2, and was continued up to January 1, 
 1886, on which date Mr. Root, feeling that he 
 had been in harness long enough, and having 
 earned much more than a competency, retired 
 from active business and sought his family's soci- 
 ety at his beautiful home in Alton. Although he 
 is out of business in the stricter sense of the 
 word, he has his fortune in\-ested in a numl>er 
 of enterprises, among which may be mentioned 
 the St. Louis National Bank of this city, in 
 which he is a heavy stockholder and a member 
 of the board of directors. 
 
 In St. Louis as well as Alton he stands high 
 as a man of ripe business experience and sound 
 judgment. In the pursuit of wealth he has 
 always applied the strictest rule of integrity and 
 honesty to the government of his course, and 
 can pass his latter days cheered by the reflec- 
 tion that he has successfully applied the 
 "Golden Rule " to the methods of business life. 
 In Alton he is a citizen wielding a well defined 
 moral force, and is a respected member of the 
 Unitarian Church of that place. He has a most 
 interesting family, and two of his sons are 
 already actively engaged in business. His wife, 
 Harriet E. , to whom he was married December 
 20, l.S(i.-), is the daughter of Capt. N. J. Eaton, 
 for thirty years a member of the Board of Under- 
 writers of this city. They have five children 
 living. Henry E. is engaged in the pressed 
 brick business at Dakota, Texas; George E. is 
 
C^'/'^/iJ^ 
 
nn )(;raphical appendix. 
 
 121 
 
 a clerk in the lianlwaie establisliiiR-iit of the 
 I'addock-Hawley Iron Company, of tliis city, 
 and Ral]ili vS. is still at school. The names of 
 the two dan.i^hters are Lillian A. and Harriet H. 
 .Mr. Root cannot be looked npon as an old 
 man, for he is still acti\e and ener,y;etic and the 
 center of a large circle of personal friends and 
 business acquaintances. 
 
 lowii real 
 that then 
 
 DuKFV, JosKi'H .\., the \v 
 estate dealer, was l)orn in the 1 
 stood at the south- 
 east corner of Fif- 
 teenth and ()li\e, in 
 this city, in lcS.").s. 
 His parents were na- 
 tives of Pennsylva- 
 nia, and his father 
 was a builder by oc- 
 cupation. 
 
 Mr. I)nff\- recei\ed 
 his education at St. 
 Louis University, 
 where he graduated 
 in IS?.'). His first 
 employment after 
 lea\-ing school was 
 with Ciraff, Bennett 
 ^ Com])any, whole- 
 sale dealers in iron, 
 for whom he acted 
 as salesman a short 
 time. Quitting their 
 employ he branched 
 out into business for 
 
 hiuLself, becoming a dealer and speculator in 
 grain. This business was followed for a }ear, 
 and from that he entered the mercantile broker- 
 age business, buying or selling anvthing in 
 which money could be made. 
 
 This was a ])eriod of ambitious recklessness 
 in the life of the subject of this biography, and 
 within two years after beginning business as a 
 mercantile broker he abandoned that line to 
 open a real estate office. This was about ten 
 years ago, and his prosperity and success since 
 then have been virtuallv unbroken. 
 
 JOSEPH A. DUFFY 
 
 Mr. Duffy is essentially a self-made man. He 
 .started out in life with a quarter of a dollar, and 
 although he is still a young man, he has po.s.ses- 
 sion of enough of this world's goods to be con- 
 sidered very wealthy. Besides his real estate 
 business Mr. Duff\- is connected with a variety 
 of other public and private enterprises. He 
 owns a splendid stock farm, worth $50,000, in 
 Washington county, this State; he is a director 
 of the Covenant Mutual Life Insurance Com- 
 pany; is a director iu the International vStecl 
 Post Company; a 
 director of the vSt. 
 Louis Art Institu- 
 tion, and is a stock- 
 -— »x.^_^ holder in the Jeffer- 
 
 ^^ sonP.ank. Although 
 
 U ^ he is abo\-e c\-cry- 
 
 ,^fl|pB thing else a business 
 
 ^ SiF^y man, he has found 
 
 "fxf time to travel, either 
 
 on business or plea.s- 
 ure, over almost 
 every part of North 
 America. 
 
 M r . I) u ff \- w a s 
 married in No\-em- 
 ber, 1.SS4, to Miss 
 :\Iartha Gartside, 
 daughter of Josepli 
 Gartside, of the Cknt- 
 side Coal Company. 
 Tliey have two very 
 bright aiul intelli- 
 gent children. 
 ^L B., is one of the leading 
 investigators of titles to real estate in the city, 
 and his is the oldest hou.se in that line in St. 
 Louis. He is foremost also as a i)ractical and 
 successful land law counselor. 
 
 Mr. O'Reilly was born at Rathdawgan, in 
 the Parish of Hacketstown, County Wicklow, 
 Ireland, May 10, l«;-5iS. His father was .Michael 
 O' Reilly , a native of Camolin Parish , Count>- Rex- 
 ford. His mother, Mary Byrne, of Bernia, County 
 Wicklow, was of the famous Byrne Clan of that 
 county, whose surviving branch still holds (ilen 
 
 O'Rk 
 
422 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Malure and other sites in the Eden county of 
 old Irehmd, noted for their beauty and historic 
 interest. Mrs. O'Reilly received confirmation 
 at the hands of the great "J. K. L." — Dr. 
 Dovle, the famous Bishop of Kildore and Leigh- 
 ton. To the parents six children were born, 
 two remain, the sole surviving representati\es 
 of the family, Mr. M. B. O'Reilly and Rev. P. 
 F. O'Reilly, A.M., a graduate of St. Louis 
 University and later on alumnus of Gape Girar- 
 deau and Carton colleges, the well-known priest 
 and orator of this city. John, another brother, 
 who died in 1!S()(>, was remarkable for talent 
 and literary acquirements. He aided very 
 materially in the incorporation as a munici- 
 pality and the early development of East St. 
 Louis. 
 
 It was in October, l.S-4tl, that Mr. O'Reilly's 
 parents left Ireland for St. Louis, embarking in 
 the sailing vessel Anne McLestc}\ bound from 
 Dublin to New Orleans. The vessel reached its 
 destination within eight weeks and three days, 
 and after a voyage varied by much rough 
 weather and one more than commonly danger- 
 ous storm. After a stay of a few days the 
 family proceeded from New Orleans to St. Louis 
 in a steamboat, Aleck Scoff, the same which 
 was in the first days of the war con\-erted into 
 the first ironclad — the handiwork of Captain 
 luids. St. Louis was reached shorth- before 
 Christmas, l.S4<S. 
 
 Mr. (.)'Reilh's early education was pursued 
 under the direction of a private tutor. Later 
 he studied at Old College and at the night 
 school of Washington University, and finally 
 took the prescribed course at Jones' Commercial 
 College, leaving there in l.s.'ilt with a certificate 
 of proficiency. 
 
 Mr. O'Reilly, prior to this date, contemplated 
 entering on a commercial career, but on mature 
 thought decided in favor of his present calling. 
 In May, 1859, he obtained employment as clerk 
 in the title investigating business of Peter J. 
 Hurck, who was then at the head of one of the 
 first and best land-title e.vamination houses in 
 vSt. Louis. In ISUi; Mr. O'Reilly was admitted 
 to full ]iartnershii) in the business, under the 
 
 firm name of Hurck & O'Reilly. In order to 
 perfect himself in every way for the require- 
 ments of this responsible calling, Mr. O'Reilly 
 gave himself up to the study of law, and was 
 admitted to the bar by Hon. Irwin L. Smith, 
 judge of the Circuit Court of St. Louis, ]\Iarch 
 /), I'SiIS. Since then he has acted as counsel in 
 a vast number of important land suits with 
 marked success. He has confined his practice 
 as counsel exclusively to land law matters. In 
 1870 he purchased the interest of his partner, 
 ]\Ir. Hurck, and ever since has conducted the 
 ever-growing business of an establishment which 
 is among the greatest and most successful of its 
 kind in the city. 
 
 In 1867 Mr. O'Reilly married Mary C. Don- 
 ovan, eldest daughter of the widely-known and 
 esteenred Daniel H. Donovan of this city. The 
 children of this marriage are six boys and three 
 girls. Two are graduates of St. Louis Uni- 
 versity, and one of Visitation Convent, while 
 the younger children are still at school. Eugene 
 and (lerald assist their father in business. 
 
 In 1S,S2 Mr. O'Reilly made a tour of 
 Europe, lasting some months, and brought back 
 with him many treasures. Of early St. Louis 
 he recounts, from experience and remembrance, 
 the big fire of 1848 and the terrible cholera epi- 
 demic of that year. As a lad he hunted in the 
 woods on the west side of Thirtieth street 
 between Washington a\-enue and Market street, 
 and recalls the fact that there were no made 
 streets in those da\'s west of Se\-enth street; 
 neither has he forgotten the thrilling personal 
 experiences of the " Knownothing " riots. 
 
 ]\Ir. O'Reilly has a decided and discriminat- 
 ing artistic and literary taste, as is evidenced by 
 his rare collection, few in number, but of choic- 
 est character, of paintings old and new, and his 
 library, rich in its severely choice collection of 
 works, some of which bear dates four hundred 
 years old. Though quiet in his habits he is a 
 most entertaining host, and is known to his 
 friends as a noble type of the true Christian 
 gentleman. He is a Catholic, and is numbered 
 in the list of nian\- Catliolic organizations of the 
 city, religious, benevolent and social. He has 
 
IWW 
 
 .m V 
 
 f 
 
 ^/£M 
 
niOGRAPinCAL APPENDIX. 
 
 been a lifc-Iont; Democrat, and wliik' acti\-e in 
 all that pertains tn the pro.s^ress and pr()S]X'rit\- 
 lit St. L<)nis, has never son^lit or held political 
 iilTice. Me is connected with not a few of the 
 most important and influential business institu- 
 tions of the city. Ainono; the most prominent 
 of these is the Fourth National IJank, of which 
 he is a stockholder and a director. 
 
 BOW.MAX, .SAMI'ia., 
 
 years taken an acti\e pa 
 nessof St. Louis, and 
 he is one of the able 
 manaj^ers and expert 
 \aluers\vho have at- 
 tracted outside capi- 
 tal to the city and 
 thus created an in- 
 quiry after t(ood 
 
 ■^ for the last seven 
 in the real estate busi- 
 
 ijiert}-. The liis- 
 y of' the real es- 
 e world in St. 
 
 Loui 
 
 du 
 
 o tl 
 
 xanta.tfe of the e\enin<; schools and qualiried 
 himself thoroughly for a commercial life by a 
 course of study in Jones' Commercial College. 
 
 At the age of si.xteen years he engaged in tlie 
 real estate business with Messrs. Barlow, Valle 
 & Bush. This firm remained in existence only 
 three years, and Mr. Bowman then went with 
 Isidor Bush into the management of the Bluffton 
 Wine Company. This com])an\- a \car later, 
 in l.S7(), sold out to Isidor Busli ^K: Company, in 
 which Mr. Bowman was taken as a partner at the 
 age of twenty. This 
 firm was and is yet 
 engaged in thenative 
 wine lousiness in this 
 city. In 1.S77 Mr. 
 Bowman withdrew 
 from the firm and 
 
 been full of interest, 
 though the real 
 awakening to the 
 value of property 
 has taken place dur- 
 ing the last ten years 
 and especially while 
 Mr. Bowman has 
 been in actix'e 1insi- 
 ness as an agent and 5amuel bowman. 
 
 operator. 
 
 Mr. vSamuel Bowman was born in Weston, 
 Platte county, Mi.ssouri, on February 'l\, IcS,")], 
 his father, David Bowman, having been engaged 
 in mercantile business in the city since 1>>I7. 
 At an early age he had the misfortune to lose 
 his father, and the widowed mother remoxed to 
 St. Louis in June, 1858, where he receix-ed a 
 common school education in the public schools. 
 .\ctuated by a desire to aid his mother in main- 
 taining her family, he quit scliool at the age of 
 thirteen years and began life as an errand-boy. 
 Being of a studious turn of mind he t(«jk ad- 
 
 estal 
 
 ilished the 
 
 firn 
 
 ofB( 
 
 wmau&Bleyer 
 
 and 
 
 later the 
 
 Bow 
 
 mau 
 
 Distilling 
 
 Com 
 
 l.an> 
 
 , all of whicl 
 
 firm.'- 
 
 comman 
 
 led ; 
 
 large patronag 
 
 e. 
 
 Tl 
 
 lis line of 
 
 busi 
 
 ness 
 
 becomini 
 
 I nn 
 
 congenial, Mr. Bow- 
 man, in 1.SS7, estab- 
 lished himself in the 
 
 ate business. 
 
 the fir 
 
 X: Compain 
 
 Tb 
 
 terprise and energy, contributed in a large degree 
 to the activity which has characterized St. Louis 
 real estate during the past five years. Being a 
 thorougli belie\-er in the \irtue of ])rinter's ink, 
 Mr. Bowman has by its aid built up a real 
 estate business which ranks with the largest in 
 this city. He is progressive in liis iiietliods and 
 enjoxs the confidence of the entire business 
 coinmnnity. 
 
 Mr. Bowman was married in December, 1<S7.S, 
 to .Miss Tillie Sdiiele, and has a familv .,f four 
 chihlren. 
 
424 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOVIS. 
 
 O'SuLLivAX, John, son of James O. and 
 Margaret (McCarthy) O'Sullivan, was born in 
 County Kerry, Ireland, in 1830. He attended 
 McCarthy College until fourteen years of age, 
 when with three elder brothers he came to this 
 country. He settled at Worcester, Massachu- 
 setts, where he clerked in the wholesale grocery 
 house of Dixey & Company eight years. He 
 then accepted a position as book-keeper for a 
 large lumber firm at Albany, New York, and 
 soon showed such steadiness and aptitude for 
 the work that he was appointed manager. For 
 five years he filled this position faithfully, act- 
 ing on the policy that there is no limit to the 
 future of a young man who does his duty fear- 
 lessly and honesth-. 
 
 In 1860, acting on the advice of several of his 
 old country friends, he located in Milwaukee 
 and, as he had saved a large percentage of his 
 wages, opened a lumber yard there and soon 
 showed what there was in him. His executive 
 ability was so marked that not only did he form 
 a very valuable business connection, but he 
 was also called upon for public service. He was 
 elected to the Board of Education, on which he 
 served for over four years, during which time he 
 effected some valuable reforms and especially 
 labored in the interests of economy. His fellow- 
 citizens then insisted upon his turning his at- 
 tention to municipal government. Afterwards 
 he was elected to the Council for four consecu- 
 tive terms. His eight years' record was a clean 
 and memorable one. While doing work for his 
 fellow-citizens he did not neglect his own biisi- 
 ness, but his disinterestedness and public spirit 
 were shown in a measure in which the Grand 
 Haven Steamship Company applied for several 
 thousand feet on the river front for dock pur- 
 poses, Mr. O'Sullivan favored the application, 
 because he believed the benefit to the cit}- would 
 be very large, although its granting would in- 
 volve the practical destruction of his own splen- 
 did yard. Through his disinterested advocacy 
 the company secured the franchise, and as a 
 result he had to reduce his s^tock. Shortly after- 
 wards, in 1.S77, he sold out his business and 
 moved to .St. Louis, of which place he has been 
 
 an honored citizen ever since. He at once as- 
 sociated himself with j\Ir. Joseph O'Neil, and 
 organized the O'Neil Lumber Company, with 
 Mr. Joseph O'Neil as president, Mr. O'Sullivan 
 as vice-president and business manager. Mr. 
 O'Sullivan remained with this company for six 
 years, and then in 1883 established himself in 
 the lumber business on Spruce street, from 
 where he moved to his present location, at I'XHI 
 Clark avenue. He is one of the influential citi- 
 zens of St. Louis, and his knowledge of the 
 lumber business is equal to that of any man in 
 the trade. 
 
 He married in .\pril,18")4,Miss Hannah Dono- 
 hue, of Boston. Of the twelve children that 
 blessed the union, two are boys and ten girls, 
 three of whom are in convents. Mrs. O'Sullivan 
 died in October, 1891. 
 
 fyORiJON, JOHX S. — ^John S. Gordon was born 
 in Tuscarawas count\-, (!)hio, January 2.''), 183(), 
 and was the third of a family of ten brothers 
 and sisters. His father, James Gordon, was a 
 farmer and stock raiser, and he assisted his 
 father on the farm in summer, and in winter at- 
 tended the district school. After finishing the 
 common school course, he entered the college at 
 Richmond, Ohio. 
 
 While in his twentieth year he completed his 
 education and returned to the farm, making 
 that his home until about 1.S71. When the 
 war broke out he had not yet reached his thirtieth 
 year and was in that period of life when the 
 spirit of adventure is strongest. He left home 
 to become a participant in that struggle, and, 
 although not a regular combatant, he saw con- 
 siderable rough service. He was connected 
 with the quartermaster's department of the 
 Ami)- of the Tennessee for about two years and 
 a half. 
 
 During the period intervening between his 
 twentieth and thirty-fifth year he traveled over 
 the country considerably, and in 1871, being 
 impressed with the advantages of St. Louis, he 
 remo\ed his family here and entered business, 
 opening a retail book and stationery store on 
 the corner of Twenty-ninth and Chouteau 
 
niOC.RAriflCAI. APPENDIX. 
 
 42.' 
 
 avenue. He was very successful in lliis l)usi- 
 ness from the start, coutiuuiuo to conduct the 
 business for fifteen \-ears. 
 
 During that time he had given much study to 
 tlie details of insurance and building and loan 
 business. Having been elected secretary of tlie 
 National American Association, a benefit and 
 fraternal organization, he sold out his book and 
 news business in 188(5, and gave his whole at- 
 tention to the insurance business. He held the 
 ofl[ice of secretary of the National American As- 
 sociation for three 
 years, at the end of 
 which time he as- 
 sisted in organizing 
 the Iron Hall Build- 
 ing and L,oan Asso- 
 ciation , and w a s 
 elected secretary 
 thereof, and still 
 holds that position 
 for the fifth term, 
 the b u s i n e s s 
 methods of this as- 
 sociation soon won 
 it a reputation as 
 one of the soundest 
 building and loan 
 associations of St. 
 lyouis. It has a cap- 
 ital stock of $(i()(),- 
 "00, and has already 
 loaned on excellent 
 security upward of 
 j;l'OO,0()() during 
 
 the five years of its existence. The association 
 is working in the most gratifying manner and 
 bids fair to terminate as intended at the end of 
 the hundred mouth period. 
 
 In l.s;t2 lit- organized a new association, 
 called The Leader Building and Loan Associa- 
 tion, with a capital of 81,000,000. This com- 
 ])any is the result of .several years' study and 
 observ.ition of the building and loan Imsine.ss on 
 Mr. (rordon's pari, and is an adaptation of plans 
 alread\- in operation, strengthened by a nnml)er 
 of new and original ideas. It is a most decided 
 
 conii)liment to Mr. (iordou's knowleilge of tile 
 business and his financial ability, to state that 
 the ])lan on which The Leader is organized is 
 considered by experts as the nearest to com- 
 pleteness and perfection yet devised. The as- 
 sociation is too young yet to have developed all 
 its points of excellence, but it lias started out 
 under the most auspicious circumstances and 
 bids fair to achieve a most signal and gratifving 
 success. 
 
 Mr. Gordon 
 
 general age 
 Sun I-in 
 
 Con 
 I'r:i 
 
 JOHN 
 
 the oencral atrencv of the 
 •ire and :\Ia- 
 I 11 s u r a n c e 
 my of San 
 ci SCO, until 
 when the coiii- 
 ])aiiy concluded to 
 restrict its business 
 to territory which 
 excluded St. Louis 
 and caused the Sun 
 to ]ilace its policies 
 with other com])a- 
 iiies. .Since his re- 
 tirement from the 
 .S nil he h a s a c- 
 cepted the agency of 
 the Manchester of 
 b)n gland, which 
 should consider it- 
 sell fortunate in se- 
 curing such a man 
 to manage its inter- 
 liORDON. i-sls in this section 
 
 and city. 
 Mr. Gordon is a menil)er of the Order of 
 -^^gis, and is a memljer of the Royal Arcanum. 
 Me was a member of the Order of Iron Hall for 
 the full seven years required, and at the expira- 
 tion of that period receix'ed his l)enefit and 
 retired. 
 
 Mr. Gordon was married in l.s,'»7 to Miss 
 Catharine Riley, whom he met while attending 
 college at Richmond, Ohio, her people being 
 residents of Cincinnati. The marriage was a 
 most fortunate and compatible one, whose do- 
 mestic felicity has been crowned by the coming 
 
426 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 of three children, all of whom are grown. Flor- 
 ence, the only daughter, and oldest child, is 
 now married to Lewis B. Blackwood, a prosper- 
 ous architect of this city. William, who is next 
 in point of age, devoted some attention to agri- 
 culture, until l.Sil2, when he sold his farm and 
 returned to St. Louis. George G., the young- 
 est, is his father's chief adviser and assistant in 
 the ofhce, and is a young man of good attain- 
 ments. Mr. Gordon's mother is still living on 
 the old homestead back in Ohio. His father 
 died many years ago. 
 
 Mr. Gordon is a man of affable disposition, 
 and a person needs but to look at him once to 
 be convinced that he is in no respect a pessi- 
 mist, but that he is disposed to look on the best 
 side always. His demeanor naturally attracts; 
 he has an army of friends, and the statement 
 that he is one of the most popular men in his 
 line in the city is not far amiss. He occupies a 
 suite of offices convenient and well adapted to 
 his business at 105 North Eighth street. 
 
 McCi.ruK, RiCH.^RD I'., the ])rominent con- 
 tractor and builder of St. Louis, the son of Rich- 
 ard P. and Mary (Irwin) McClure, was born in 
 Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, April IT), 
 185L His education was acquired in the schools 
 of Pittsburgh and Alleghany. He was studious 
 in his habits, and quit school with a very good 
 education. He was compelled to earn his own 
 living, and in conformity with such necessit}', he 
 accepted the position of a driver on the tow-path 
 of the canal, making the trips between Pitts- 
 burgh and Oil City at stated intervals for a space 
 of three years. The records that have come 
 down from that time state that he manifested 
 an industrious I'egard for the interests of his 
 employers and did his work well, humlile 
 though his employment was. As the person 
 who will not do his task well in one instance 
 is apt to neglect it in another, in this work well 
 done at that time, is seen in the lad the indica- 
 tions of success as the man. 
 
 At the end of three years' work on the canal 
 tow-path, he determined to fit himself to uuikc 
 his wav in the world bv learninsr a trade, and 
 
 therefore apprenticed himself to a carpenter 
 in Alleghany City, and with him remained six 
 years, coming out an adept at the carpenter 
 trade at the end of that time. Feeling certain 
 that the great West offered better chances to the 
 aspiring young mechanic than the overcrowded 
 East, he turned liis face westward, not halting 
 until he reached the Golden Slope. In San 
 Francisco he remained just a year, working at 
 his trade, and then concluded to return farther 
 east. Reaching St. Louis he was so favorably 
 impressed with the city that he concluded to 
 make it the scene of his future operations. This 
 was in 1-^74, and for three years, or until about 
 1N77, he worked at his trade as a journey uutu 
 carpenter, being employed the most of the time 
 by A. P". Cook. In 1<S77 he concluded that he 
 was entitled to the usufruct of his own industry, 
 and as a result opened a shop of his own, he 
 launched into business for himself, and instead 
 of being an employe became an employer. 
 Since that time his success has been a con- 
 stantly growing quantity and his prosperity has 
 been unbroken. His prompt and straight meth- 
 ods of doing business, and his industry and 
 close attention to all its details, have given him 
 a solid foundation on which to build a magnifi- 
 cent success. As an indication of his standing 
 and responsibility as a contractor and builder, 
 the subjoined list of a few of the ])rominenl 
 buildings erected by him is inserted: Smith, 
 Beggs & Rankin P'oundry, Missouri ]\Ialleabk- 
 Iron Works, Grand Avenue Presbyterian Church, 
 Union M. E. Church, Burrell-Comstock Build- 
 ing, Scharff-Burnheimer Building, interior of 
 Exposition Building, all of St. Louis; .Standard 
 Theater, New York; Loretto Academy, P'lori- 
 sant; \'endome Theater, Nashville; Grand 
 Opera House, Memphis; and P.oyd Theater, 
 ( )maha. 
 
 Gai.K, Artiu'R H., is the son of Daniel 
 P)aile\- Gale who was born in .Salisbury, New 
 Hampshire, in ISlC, and died in this city in 
 1S74. His father having died when he was 
 quite small, he was left to the care and training 
 of au excellent mother, who educated him for 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 4-2' 
 
 til..' law, 1)111 he afterward decided to ado]it a 
 mercantile career. He o;rew up to be one of the 
 noblest and best of men, of the highest char- 
 acter and purest motive, benevolent, modest, 
 thoroughly honest in all things, universally 
 esteemed, a genuine Christian and a true gentle- 
 man. Soon after reaching his majority he came 
 west at the solicitation of a brother, intending 
 to locate at Peoria, Illinois, but meeting Carlos 
 S. (ireeley, was induced by him to come to St. 
 Louis. The latter was already established in a 
 small way in the gro- 
 cery business. Mr. 
 ( lale then had mer- 
 chandise amounting 
 to ?*:^,I1U() ou the way 
 from New England; 
 a |)artnership was 
 ])ro])osed and \-erbal 
 agreement entered 
 intounder which the 
 two friends did busi- 
 ness without a dis- 
 agreement for thirty- 
 six years. 
 
 This was in l.SMs, 
 and was the date of 
 the beginning of a 
 house which has 
 been contemporary 
 with the connnercial 
 growth of St. Louis. 
 The firm was known 
 as (ireeley X; (^ale 
 until IS.'iS, ill which 
 
 year C. li. Hurnham was taken in ami the style 
 became C. I'>. Ihirnham S: Company; in ISTtlthe 
 title was changed to (rreeley, Rurnham tK: Com- 
 l>any, and in bSTlt was incorporated under the 
 name of the ( jreeley-Burnham ( Irocer Ct)mpauv. 
 In ISiC) the last named compan\- was amalga- 
 mated with the firm of Scudder ^H: Brother, 
 bcctmiing the Scudder-Gale Grocer Company, 
 under which it does business to-day. 
 
 Arthur H. Gale was born in this cit\ 
 tembcr .-., IS.-.i'. He was one of five cl 
 born to his parents. .Vrlhnr's mother 
 
 nati\-e of the same town as his father and a com- 
 panion of his youth and earl\- manhood. Her 
 name before marriage was Carolie ]{. Pet- 
 tengill. 
 
 Young Arthur received a good education, 
 finishing at Washington University. After grad- 
 luxtion he entered the grocery house of Greeley 
 ^K: Gale in bSTD. He showed a marked aptitude 
 for business, and on his father's death in 1S74 
 he became his successor, and thus the connec- 
 tion of father and son with the business since 
 1 ■'^•>''< has been un- 
 broken. He has 
 filled his father's 
 place most worthily, 
 and he joins with 
 marked business ca- 
 ])acity an energy 
 and enterprise that 
 have added much to 
 the business of the 
 house. vSuave and 
 courteous at all 
 times his geniality 
 of manner and per- 
 sonal magnetisui 
 ha\e made for him 
 an army of friends 
 whose faces, because 
 of his ])eculiar gift 
 of memory, he ne\er 
 forgets. He is a 
 harder worker even 
 than his father, and 
 is thoroughly devo- 
 iptness characterizes 
 :i man who is able to 
 Is. In iierson he is 
 
 AKTHLk U. GALE. 
 
 ted t<. 
 
 Sei 
 
 is business. I'ron 
 all his dealings, and he is 
 give infinite care to delai 
 ((uiet and retiring, is gentlemanh- in demeanor, 
 and toward every unfortunate of the human race 
 has a feeling of kindly pity and benevolent pur- 
 pose. All who know him are certain that he is 
 able to help to carry to a .still higher success the 
 great house his father helped to found. 
 
 ;Mr. Gale has a most interesting family, con- 
 sisting of a wife and four children. He is 
 domestic in his tastes and gives his wife and 
 
428 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 children devoted attention. His wife's maiden 
 name was Miss Stella Honey. She is a native 
 of this State, and a niece of Mrs. Gov. T. C. 
 Fletcher. They were married in 187(3. The 
 children are Leone, who is seventeen years old; 
 Grace, Arthur H., Jr., and Margaret. 
 
 Bi.UMER, ESAI.\S W., son of Esaias and 
 Katie (Streif ) Bliimer, was born in Switzerland 
 in 18ti3. At the age of four years he, with his 
 father and mother, came to this country in 18()7, 
 locating at Berger, Missouri, where he attended 
 the country schools until sixteen years old, 
 when he began work for his father in the lum- 
 ber and furniture business as lumber measurer, 
 remaining one year when, feeling that a country 
 town was not the place for rapid development 
 for a young man of ambition and energy, he 
 came to vSt. Louis and at once found employ- 
 ment with the Joseph Hafner Manufacturing 
 Company, and at the age of eighteen years he 
 was made order and estimating clerk of said 
 company, a position of important trust, and 
 which he filled with much credit and satisfac- 
 tion to his employers, and where he remained 
 six years. 
 
 Mr. Blumer, although not ha\'iug the advan- 
 tages of an education enjoyed by the more 
 favored sons of the residents of a large city, ha\-- 
 ing only the advantages offered by a countr\- 
 school, of six months in the year, had, neverthe- 
 less, a greater ambition and a longing desire to 
 climb the ladder of fame and fortune, and with 
 his own money, which he had sSved in the 
 meantime, he bought the ^■acant property on 
 the corner of Broadway- and Dock streets, and 
 erected a fine substantial brick structure for his 
 factory for stair building and interior finish, 
 employing one hundred skilled mechanics, and 
 he has built up a trade-that is second to none in 
 the country, extending to all points of the 
 United States and Mexico, where he sends his 
 own men to put tip their work, and whenever 
 practicable gi\es to every detail his own 
 personal supervision. 
 
 He has made his business a study, as a doctor 
 or law\er does his profession, believing that a 
 
 man to succeed in au)- career in life should 
 master every detail; and that he has mastered it 
 in a thorough manner is plainly evident in the 
 grand success that he has achieved; in fact, he 
 is a fair type of the pushing go-a-head men, 
 who by their own energy and brains contribute 
 so materiall)- to a city's growth and prosperity. 
 Air. Blumer is a man who deserves a great 
 deal of credit and has shown his ability and 
 energy by his rapid increase of business, which 
 has doubled in capacity since the spring of 
 ISIM). 
 
 KoKxio, William, son of Henry and (ier- 
 trude (Koenig) Koenig, was born in I^russia, 
 (lermany, in the year 1884:. His father was a 
 house carpenter, and in the year 1840 he came 
 to America and located in St. Louis, his young 
 son commencing at an early age to work at the 
 same business. The population of St. Louis at 
 that time was less than 18,000, and the school 
 accommodations were of a somewhat primitive 
 character. Young Koenig attended the public 
 schools during the day, and after school was in 
 the habit of joining his father and assisting in 
 the building that he was erecting. This brought 
 him into contact with a number of business men. 
 
 In 18411 Mrs. Koenig died during the cholera 
 epidemic, which was followed by the great fire, 
 and business generally was badly demoralized 
 at that time. Mr. Koenig gave up housekeep- 
 ing, and William, although but fifteen years of 
 age, was compelled to earn his own livelihood. 
 
 He obtained employment as oflice-boy with 
 L>ou, Shorb & Company, who were proprietors 
 of the Sligo Iron Store. Soon after his appoint- 
 ment the river navigation to and from St. Louis 
 became the greatest in the United States, and 
 continued such until it was superseded by rail- 
 road accommodation. Young Koenig quickly 
 grew into the confidence of his employers, and 
 was made shipping clerk for the house, which 
 was a branch of one of the largest Pittsburgh 
 iron concerns at the time. 
 
 As shipping clerk I\Ir. Koenig gained a large 
 number of friends among river men, who were 
 the leading merchants and jobbers of the West. 
 
BIOCRAPIllCAL APPENDIX. 
 
 tins p< 
 
 work required i;reat acti\ity, for diiriiit;; tlie 
 ■ l.s.")l no less than 2,ii7.') l)oats arrived at 
 port, with a tonnage of 710 tons. 
 In is.').s, when twenty-two years of age, Mr. 
 Koenig left the iron business and associated 
 himself with Colonel John Garnett, one of his 
 brother employes of Lyon, Shorb & Company, 
 and the two started a seed and agricultural busi- 
 ness on Second street, between Pine and Olive, 
 under the firm name of John (larnett & Coni- 
 jKuiv. Business opened up satisfactorily, and 
 the yt)ung firm had 
 every prospect of sue 
 ce.ss until the out- 
 break of the war in 
 I'Stil, when, large 
 o u t s t a n d i n g a c- 
 counts in the vSouth 
 becoming bad, the 
 outlook was made 
 very gloomy. Mr. 
 Garnett was so dis- 
 couraged that he re- 
 tired from the firm 
 to his farm in Lewis 
 count}-, Missouri. 
 This left a heavy load 
 on theyoungremain- 
 ing partner, but Mr. 
 Koenig was deter- 
 mined to succeed, 
 and manfully facing 
 the great difficulties 
 before him overcame 
 them all and estab- 
 lished his house on a substantial footing. As 
 an instance of his push and energy, it may be 
 mentioned that, having introduced a number of 
 new styles in agricultural machinery, plows, 
 etc., many of which still take front rank among 
 implements, Mr. Koenig was struck with the 
 fact that western farmers were neglecting their 
 old lands, instead of redeeming and bringing 
 them back to cultivation. He accordingK' issued 
 a pamphlet for free distribution among farmers, 
 urging the importance of sowing clo\er, which 
 would not only yield a good crop, but also re- 
 
 deem and improve old land. ( )ver :^<»,(i(l(i copies 
 were distributed, and the result was a general 
 sowing of clover seed in Missouri and the West 
 to such an extent that to-da\- few fanners are to 
 be found without a jjrofitable clover ]iatch. In 
 If^lill the firm introduced into this section the 
 Buckeye mowing and reaping machines, which 
 Mr. Koenig has been handling ever since. 
 
 In 18(i2 Mr. Koenig w^as elected a director of 
 the CTcrraan vSavings Institution, and has been 
 of the board of that sound institution ever since. 
 He is also a director 
 of the Washington 
 Insurance Company. 
 .Mr. Koenig is natu- 
 rally of a retiring dis- 
 position, but was 
 jicrsuadcd in \>^x\ 
 to run for the School 
 Board from the 
 Ninth Ward. His 
 record on the School 
 Board is one of the 
 most honorable ac- 
 complished, and as 
 chairman of the Fi- 
 nance Committee he 
 succeeded in hand- 
 ling tlie board's 
 funds to great ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 Mr. Koenig took 
 an active part in the 
 mo\ement for the 
 erection of a High 
 .School building. Both on the floor of the board 
 and in the public press, he pointed out the fal- 
 lacv of the proposition which involved the erec- 
 tion of this building out of the yearly revenue 
 of the school, and in this as in the other of his 
 main propositions he was successful. His 
 earnestness and integrity were highly ap]neci- 
 ated by his colleagues and were of great value 
 at critical periods. 
 
 Mr. Koenig was married on January 10, is.').s, 
 to Mi.ss Caroline Gutbrod, of St. Louis, and has 
 ten children — nine sons and one daughter. 
 
 UAH KOENIG 
 
430 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 (lANAHi,, John J., was horn in Tyrol, Austria, 
 December i;5, 1«;^8. He is the son of John J. 
 and Benedicta ( Wuerbel ) Ganahl ; attended the 
 coninion schools nntil he was fourteen years old, 
 when he went to work for his father, who, in 
 addition to superintending his two farms, was 
 conducting a butcher business and operated a 
 flour mill. He came to this country when he 
 was seventeen years old, as a passenger on the 
 sailing vessel Muehlhauseii., landing at New 
 Orleans. From there he came to St. Louis. 
 Arriving in this city in June, 185(i, he secured 
 a position on a German daily and weekly paper, 
 named Tagcs-Chro]iiL\ published by Francis 
 Saler, doing general work for the office, for one 
 dollar a week and board, for a short time; for 
 several years following he had charge of the 
 mailing department, and after that took charge 
 of the collecting and advertising department; 
 then was made book-keejier and general busi- 
 ness manager, which position he held for three 
 years, until 1<S()3, when he started in the lum- 
 l.)er l.)usiness in a small wa\-, having associated 
 with him in the business John P. Fleitz, who 
 soon afterwards moved to Detroit, Michigan, 
 leaving the business in charge of Mr. Ganahl. 
 In 1X79 he bought his partner's interest and 
 continued the business alone until 1881, when 
 he organized and secured articles of incorpora- 
 tion for "The John J. (xanahl Lumber Com- 
 pan\-,"' with general offices at Second street and 
 Park avenue, with two branch yards in the city 
 and one at Millstadt, Illinois. Mr. Ganahl also 
 operates a planing mill independent of his lum- 
 ber business, under the name of "The Nuelle 
 & Ganahl Planing Mill Comijany." This es- 
 tablishment does a very extensive business. 
 While uniformly successful in business, he suf- 
 fered a hea\'y loss in bS.SO, his planing mill 
 being destroyed by fire while he and his 
 daughter were visiting in the South. 
 
 Mr. Ganahl was also interested in, and fur 
 many years a director and the treasurer of the 
 St. Clair Ferry and Transfer Company, formerly 
 the Cahokia Ferry Company. 
 
 He was one of the incorporators and a mem- 
 ber of the first board of directors of the Lafa\- 
 
 ette .Savings liank, now the Lafayette Bank. 
 His newspaper knowledge and experience, 
 gained by seven years' hard work when a youth, 
 has recently been of great service to him in 
 enabling him, as president of the German Print- 
 ing and Publishing Association, to make a finan- 
 cial success of Dcr Ilero/d dcs (ilauhcns^ a 
 (ierman Catholic newspaper of growing circula- 
 tion and influence. 
 
 Although acti\-ely and continuously engaged 
 in business, Mr. Ganahl finds time to give con- 
 siderable attention to public affairs. In issy 
 he was one of the Democratic nominees for the 
 City Council fronr the city at large, and was 
 elected by the largest majority given to an)- of 
 the candidates, except one. His every act and 
 vote during his four years' ser\-ice as a member 
 of the Council, was characterized by the same 
 integrity and uprightness that has given him 
 his enviable reputation as a business man. He 
 was ever on the alert to conserve and promote 
 the interests of the city, and was at all times an 
 untiring and able advocate of every measure 
 that was calculated to place St. Louis in the 
 lead of the great cities of the United States. 
 In iss;; Mr. Ganahl took a trip to luirope. 
 
 Mr. (ianahl has been married twice; the first 
 time on February la, 18(58, to Miss Elizabeth 
 Steber, of St. Louis, who died on November, 
 1X7."); the second time to Miss Mar\- Louisa 
 Joseph, of St. Louis. He is the father of three 
 children by his first marriage — Louis J., Theo- 
 dore C. and Matilda, who died at the age of 
 thirteen vears. By his second marriage he has 
 five children — three girls and two boys — Octa- 
 via, Cecil, Clara, Rudolph and Hubert. 
 
 CarTTKk, Miu) S., the well-known engineer, 
 bridge l)uilder and contractor of St. Louis, was 
 born in Blandford, Ma.ssachusetts, May ;>1, l.S:i,s. 
 His father, Waterman Cartter, and his mother, 
 Lucy Cartter iicc Lncy Frisb\-, were both 
 descendants of the early Puritans. The former 
 was an engineer and bridge builder, a l)usiness 
 he followed up to the time of his death, which 
 (occurred in IXK;. Alilo S. was educated in the 
 town where he was Ijoru, attending the com- 
 

 ^U^. 
 
nn n.RAPHiCAL appendix. 
 
 Uiei 
 
 )ls()f rSlandford uptoliis sixlcciUli yea 
 left .school and went to work for h 
 
 Two vears later, while engaged in an impor- 
 tant contract, Mr. Waterman Cartter died, after 
 an illness of six months. Althongh then only 
 about eighteen years old, Milo S. was given 
 charge of the work when his father was stricken, 
 and continned to act as superintendent until the 
 contract was completed. Mr. Cartter then 
 accepted an offer from a firm of bridge builders 
 to go to Ohio, where 
 he was given charge 
 of construction of 
 bridges on the Cleve- 
 land iS: Columbus 
 Railroad. This road 
 was t h e first to 
 adojit the use of the 
 T rail, now in 
 general use. Two 
 years was the term 
 of liis cmplo>nieut 
 with this firm, from 
 it he went to the 
 com pan y whi c h 
 owned the Howe 
 truss patent, the first 
 mentioned company 
 luuing decided to go 
 out of business. 
 
 During the next 
 two \ears he super- 
 intended the con- ^,ii,, ^ 
 structiou of bridges 
 
 on roads throughout (jliio and Kentuc\-, and on 
 the Little Miami road accomplished what was 
 then considered a difficult engineering feat, by 
 taking down an old bridge and putting a new 
 one in its i)lace without any interference with 
 regular traffic. With modern appliances and 
 tools this is now often done, but it was a new 
 and difficult undertaking in l.s,')(l. 
 
 In IN.')4 Mr. Cartter came to St. Louis and 
 secured em])k)yment with the Mi.ssonri Pacific 
 road, which was then building, as superintend- 
 ent of conslruction of bridges. In l>i'>7 he 
 
 formed a parlnersliip with his brother, IL 1'.. 
 Cartter, doing his first work as a contractor on 
 the Hannibal & St. Joe road, and has been 
 actively engaged in the business ever since, 
 excepting a short time during the late civil war. 
 His work most of the time during that period 
 was included in a contract on the (ireat Western 
 Railroad, of Illinois, now a j)art of the Wabash 
 system; but in l.S(i;? and lX(i4 he was doing 
 military work, building bridges, in the Depart- 
 ment of the Ohio. .Mthough a non-combatant, 
 his title was general 
 superintendent of 
 bridges, and ranks 
 next to that of 
 general. 
 
 In l.S(i:> Mr. Cart- 
 ter returned to St. 
 Louis, and resumed 
 a ])artnership rela- 
 tion with hisbrother, 
 w h i c h continued 
 until ll^7<s, when the 
 membership of the 
 firm was changed by 
 the retirement of H. 
 r.. Cartter, and the 
 admission of A. W. 
 Hubbard and W. S. 
 Cartter, the latter 
 his son, constituting 
 a company that is 
 one of the most im- 
 ^^,iii,^ portant in its line of 
 
 business in the West. 
 In religious nuUters Mr. Cartter's views are 
 broad and liberal, and he holds that no better 
 guide of human action can be foun<l than the 
 principle embodied in tlie golden rule. Politic- 
 allv he is a Democrat, a conservative who 
 believes tliat moderation and time-tried methods 
 should be applied in the administration of pub- 
 lic affairs. Mr. Cartter married in 1H.")0 Mi.ss 
 Isabella McNeil, of .Madison county, Ohio. 
 Thev have two children — a son and a daughter, 
 and ^Ir. Cartter's home life is an exception- 
 ally haj)py one. 
 
482 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 LiXK, TiiHODORK C. — As mentioned in the 
 chapter on railroads in this book, the new Union 
 Depot is an honor to the city, and even to the 
 conntry, and, as is also mentioned in that chap- 
 ter, the thanks of St. Louis are due to the 
 financiers who made it possible to construct the 
 building, and even more to the architect who 
 displayed such signal ability in preparing the 
 plans, and who has since superintended so ably 
 the execution of his own original and magnifi- 
 cent design. 
 
 The latter is Mr. Theodore C. Link, one of 
 the most prominent architects in the cit\'. He 
 was born near Heidelberg, Germany, on March 
 17, 1850. He was educated at Heidelberg, 
 London, England, and at the Ecole des Arts et 
 Metiers at Paris, where he studied architecture 
 and engineering. When twenty years of age 
 he came to America, locating in St. Louis some 
 three years later. Before making this city his 
 home, he spent a year in New York, another 
 }-ear at Philadelphia, and then went to Texas, 
 where he executed some important commissions 
 for the Texas & Pacific Railroad at Sherman, 
 Houston and Jefferson. 
 
 His first connection in St. Louis was with 
 the Atlantic &; Pacific Railroad Company in its 
 bridges and buildings department, and here he 
 displayed talent of the highest order. After 
 serving for a short time as assistant chief en- 
 gineer at Forest park, he was appointed super- 
 intendent of public parks, a position he occupied 
 until the new scheme and charter went into 
 effect. He then went to Pittsburgh, Philadel- 
 phia and New York, carrying on his profession 
 in the East until the year 1883, when he re- 
 turned to St. Louis and opened an office. 
 
 During the last ten years he has been engaged 
 in a number of important enterprises, among 
 which may be mentioned the unique and pict- 
 uresque entrances at Westmoreland and Portland 
 places, the Monticello Seminary, St. Mark's 
 Episcopal Church, the Alton Public Library, 
 the East St. Louis Ice and Cold Storage Build- 
 ing, and the private residences of John Tracv, 
 Nicholson place and Lafayette avenue; PI H. 
 Warner, Grand avenue; J. W. Buel, Grand and 
 
 Lafayette avenues; A. Moll, Berlin, near Taylor 
 avenue; August W. Blanke, Russell avenue; 
 E. E. French, Cabanne place; L. B. Tebbetts, 
 Portland place, and others too numerous to 
 mention. 
 
 When plans were solicited for the new Union 
 Depot, IMr. Link was one of ten architects from 
 all parts of the United States who were invited 
 to the competition. The decision of the experts 
 was unanimous for his design, it being their 
 opinion that no improvement was possible on 
 the design or plan of his creation. The marked 
 success of his work on this mammoth structure 
 has been the subject of comment and congratu- 
 lation from local residents and visitors, and has 
 placed Mr. Link in the foremost position as an 
 American architect. He is a member of the 
 American Institute of Architects; was twice 
 elected president of the Missouri State Associa- 
 tion of Architects; and is a member of the 
 Architectural League of New York. He is also 
 a member of Mercantile and Noonday. 
 
 Mr. Link marriedin the year 1875 Miss Annie 
 Fuller, of Detroit, Michigan, daughter of Hon. 
 Lyman and Louise Carey Fuller. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Link have five children, Carl, Herman, Edwin, 
 Clarence, and Loni.se, and reside in West 
 Cabanne place. 
 
 HoLMAN, M. L. — One of the mo.st valuable 
 and eflJicient water commissioners St. Louis 
 ever had, is the gentleman who now occupies 
 the office, and who is the subject of this brief 
 sketch. The son of John H. and Mary Ann 
 (Richards) Holman, he was born in the little 
 town of Mexico, in Oxford county, Maine, June 
 1."), 1.S52. W'hen he was seven years old, or in 
 IN.")!', his parents came west and settled in this 
 city. Here the boy was sent to the public 
 schools until he was ready to enter Washington 
 University, where he took a thorough course in 
 civil engineering, devoting his whole time sub- 
 sequently to making himself proficient in that 
 science, and becoming most expert and skillful 
 in the hydraulic engineering branch of the pro- 
 fession. His skill in this branch finally met 
 with recognition by an appointment to a posi- 
 
■f^^^t/^ 
 
 
n IOC, R A PHIL A I. APPIINDIX. 
 
 ■(."..1 
 
 liousf, tlie sii1)jfct nf tliis skt-tcli is a dL-scfiulanl 
 of licniainin I'ranklin, his ^raniliiKitlier l)t'av- 
 in<i- tlic iiaine of llu- illustrious pliilosoplicr. 
 
 His father, Marcus A., caiiu- in St. Louis with 
 his fatlier and family, consisting of the nidllur, 
 He was reappointed by Mayor fonr sisters and three brotliers, from J^onisvillc 
 by boat to St. Lonis, the trip consuniinj^ six 
 weeks. vShortly after his arrival in vSt. Lonis, 
 Marcus Wolff, then a bo>-, started into a life 
 that was to liaxe more than a fair measure of 
 success, by selliu.i; newspajjers on the streets. 
 He afterwards 
 
 tion in the cit\- water connnissioner s depart- 
 ment. This was soon followed b\- promoticni to 
 the oflice of principal assistant eui^ineer, and 
 when Ma\-or L'rancis succeeded to the mayoralty-, 
 he appointed Mr. Hohnan to the water C(nn- 
 missioners 
 
 Noonan, and still holds over nnder Mayor Wal- 
 bridge. I'.oih as water commissioner and as 
 a member of the lioard of Pnl)lic Impro\"ements, 
 in which dinible capacitx' he acts, he nuist be 
 considered as a public benefactor. He seems 
 to ha\e administered 
 
 ,* 
 
 his office with the 
 ambition to be re- 
 membered by the 
 people as oneof their 
 most pnblic-spirited 
 officials, and it will 
 be remembered that 
 it was dnriui^ his in- 
 cnmbenc}- of office 
 that the extension of 
 the water-works and 
 the building of the 
 Chain-of-Rocks via- 
 duct was concei\ed 
 and carried ont. Mr. 
 Hohnan is a member 
 of the American 
 Society of Civil En- 
 jjineers, of the 
 American Societv of 
 ^lechanical Engi- 
 neers, of the Engi- 
 neers' Club of St. 
 
 Louis, of tlie American Water-Works Associa- 
 tion. He was married in September, ISTll, to 
 Margaret H. Holland, of St. Lonis. 
 
 Woi.KF, (;i':or(;k PKKsmKV. — (reorge Pre.s- 
 bury Wolff is a native of St. Louis, having been 
 born here December .S, IS.");',. He is the son of 
 Marcus A. and Eliza J. Wolff, the lalter's 
 maiden name being Curtis. His father, i\hircns 
 A. Wolff, was the son of a jioor tailor, who, not- 
 withstanding constant 
 very ])oor. I)\- the fer 
 
 28 
 
 OEORQE PRESBl'RV WOI.FP 
 
 ndustry, was always 
 lie side of his father'.' 
 
 learned the printer's 
 trade on tlie old .\Tis- 
 soiiri (',a~ctt(\ work- 
 ing at his trade until 
 b'^'ili, in which year 
 he formed a partner- 
 ship with S. H. Por- 
 ter, and opened a 
 real estate business 
 iu which he was en- 
 gaged until his 
 death. He thus be- 
 came one of the pio- 
 neers of tlie business 
 which is .still carried 
 on by George P. 
 Wolff and"^ his 
 brother. 
 
 The father having 
 made his own way 
 in the worhl, he 
 recognized the im- 
 portance of industry 
 and honestv in his .sons, and thus young George 
 was fitted for his battles with the world by 
 being early taught the necessity of integrity and 
 self-reliance. His mother, whose favmite he 
 was, gave the closest attention to his ])relimi- 
 narv education, and kept him at the P'ranklin 
 School in this city for several years. He next 
 attended the Edward Wyman School, llien 
 located at Sixteenth and Pine, until l.S(i4. After 
 a two years' vacation he, in 1S()I), entered St. 
 Louis University, remaining there until b'^71, 
 taking the reguhir conr.se, graduating with 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 honors, takin<; tlie first premium of his class for 
 proficiency in Greek and the second prize for 
 Latin. Early in life the boy developed a taste 
 for reading, showing also that he was of a 
 social nature, and that he was domestic in his 
 inclinations and habits; and such traits still 
 characterize him. 
 
 After leaving school Mr. Wolff went to work 
 in the office of M. A. Wolff & Company, his 
 father desiring to make a real estate man of 
 him, and starting him in at the bottom to enable 
 him to learn fully the details of the business. 
 He remained in his father's office until August, 
 ISTM, when he entered the service of Siegel & 
 Robb, plumbers and gas-fitters. He acted in the 
 capacity of ajiprentice and salesman, desiring to 
 learn the business but at the same time draw a 
 fair salary. 
 
 After working at the trade during half the 
 day and selling goods the balance, until he had 
 obtained the requisite technical knowledge, his 
 next step was to form a partnership with 
 Thomas J. Hennessey, who was also at that 
 time an employe of Siegel & Robb, and since 
 has ser\-ed a term as plumbing inspector for the 
 citv. A plumber's shop was established at til 4 
 Olive street, and the firm conducted a very 
 prosperous business until April, bST.'i, when it 
 was dissolved and Mr. Wolff went to Baltimore 
 where he entered the employ of Carruthers & 
 Son, remaining with them a year. The offer of 
 a clerkship by the Second National Bank, of 
 which George D. Capen was president, caused 
 him to return to vSt. Louis. This bank going 
 into liquidation in January, 1.S7.S, caused him 
 to accept a similar position with the Third 
 National, but he resigned this position after 
 having retained it only a few months. 
 
 His next position was with the St. Louis 
 Distilling Company, now the ]\Iound City Distill- 
 ing Company, where he remained until January, 
 ISSO, when he again went to work in his 
 father's office. There he has since remained in 
 the capacities of clerk, salesman and proprietor. 
 Mr. Wolff is liberal as well as public spirited, 
 and has always been ready to aid with his purse 
 any enterinisc tending to advance the cit\\s in- 
 
 terests, Ix'ing a heavy subscriber to such under- 
 takings as the fall festivities, exposition, etc. 
 Although in every respect a substantial Demo- 
 crat, he has never desired any official position, 
 except that of notary public, an appointive 
 office, the commissions for which he has received 
 from five separate governors. 
 
 He is an honored member of Aurora Lodge, 
 A. F. and A. M., and is also a member of Alpha 
 Council, Legion of Honor. In religion he is a 
 Methodist, and is one of the leading members of 
 the St. John's Church of this city. 
 
 Mr. Wolff was married at Cincinnati, on May 
 IH, iss;^, to Miss Alice E. Eaton, a daughter of 
 Dr. M. ^I. Eaton, a prominent physician of that 
 city, the patentee of several surgical instru- 
 ments and the author of several valuable med- 
 ical books. The marriage has l)een blessed by 
 five children — three boys and two girls. Mr. 
 Wolff is a man of a nervous and impulsive tem- 
 perament, (juick and positi\'e. He is affable 
 and socially inclined, and is a man true as steel 
 to his friends. His discernment and sound busi- 
 ness sense is a basis on which lie will yet build 
 a fortune. 
 
 \'iKKXO\v, fir.ST.WK ^I., the brick and stone 
 contractor, is a St. Louisau who has earned his 
 success by his own industrious efforts. Begin- 
 ning here in St. Louis as a laborer, he has worked 
 himself up to a position of importance and pros- 
 perit}-, and now does one of the biggest contract- 
 ing businesses in the city. 
 
 As indicated by his name, ;\Ir. \"iernow is of 
 German parentage, he l)eing the son of Gustaxe 
 and Christian \'iernow. He looks back with 
 fond recollections to the little Prussian Island 
 of Rugeu, in the Baltic Sea, as his birthplace. 
 There he passed his childhood and his early 
 youth, until the wonderful tales brought to his 
 island-home of the New World, where equal 
 chances existed for all and favors were given to 
 none, where merit and not accident was the 
 means of advancement, so worked on his ambi- 
 tion and the spirit of adventure within him, 
 that he bade his parents and friends adieu and 
 cnd)arked for the land of the setting sun. Il 
 
niOi.RAPIIK AL APPENDIX. 
 
 was in ISlif!, wlicn youui; ('rusta\e liad harelv 
 reached his eighteenth year, that he set out ti) 
 search for happiness and fortune in a new land 
 and among a strange people. 
 
 Shortly after reaching America he came to 
 St. Louis, attracted by the opportunities it then 
 offered to a young man with the fabric of his 
 prosperity yet to construct, as well as the fact 
 that many of his countrymen had found homes 
 here. Gustave tliough young in years was 
 wise enough to know that even America, with 
 its boundless oppor- 
 tunities, offered 
 nothing to him who 
 would not work for 
 it. He determined 
 that if he failed it 
 would not be because 
 of a lack of industry, 
 and he accordingly, 
 soon after his arrival 
 here, obtained a sit- 
 uation as a laborer 
 in Pauly's foundry. 
 He had learned the 
 trade of a brick- 
 layer in Germany, 
 but as n o t h i n g 
 offered in that line, 
 with the industry 
 that succeeds, he 
 took the first em- 
 ployment at baud. 
 
 He only continued 
 a short time at work 
 
 in the foundry. He was soon laying brick at 
 good wages, and continued to work at his trade 
 until l'S72, in which year he formed a partner- 
 shij) with his brother, Morris, and went into the 
 brick contracting business. The brothers did 
 a business of furnishing and laying brick and 
 stone, under the firm name of Viernow >& 
 Brother until l.S«7, when the partnership was 
 di.ssolved, Morris buying an interest in a stone 
 quarry at Carthage, Missouri. 
 
 Gnsta\e continued the business liere in St. 
 Louis, and under his able and honest adminis- 
 
 OL'STAN K M. VIERNOW. 
 
 tration it has grown to enormous ])ro])()rtion. 
 A few of the big buildings on which Mr. \'ier- 
 now has had the brick and construction con- 
 tracts are the new Wainwright Building, Wain- 
 wright Brewery, Municipal Electric Light Sta- 
 tion, Severn Building, J. C. .Meyer linilding, 
 Anheuser-Busch Brewery extensions. He had 
 also the brick contract for extending the water- 
 works at Bissell's Point. Houses for V.. Wain- 
 wright, J. C. Orrick and W. L. Xewmau are a 
 few of the finer residences he has recentlv con- 
 t r a c t e d . These 
 buildings are named 
 to illustrate that Mr. 
 \'iernow stands at 
 the head of his busi- 
 ness, and by the fact 
 that he is given the 
 contracts to do much 
 of the finest work in 
 the city, showing 
 the kind of a busi- 
 ness man he is. 
 
 Mr. \'iernow is 
 thoroughly progres- 
 sive in all things, 
 but especially in his 
 business. He has 
 the honor cjf first 
 introducing into St. 
 Louis the s t e a m 
 hoisting apparatus 
 used in the construc- 
 tion of buildings. 
 He it was also who 
 this city the machine w-hich mixes 
 steam power. Besides his brick 
 
 first used ir 
 
 mortar by 
 
 business, Mr. \'iernow furnishes fancy cut .stone 
 
 to contractors. 
 
 Mr. \'ieniow has been nuuried over a score of 
 vears, he having cho.sen .Miss Wilhelmina 
 Schanz of this city as his helpmate and life 
 partner. They were nuirried in 1S7(), and five 
 children born to them have lived to ble.ss and 
 cement the union. But while these five children 
 have lived to Ije tlie pride of their parents, .Mr. 
 and Mrs. \'ieruow have felt the bitter .sorrow of 
 
43fi 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 the loss of two little ones. Of the children liv- 
 ing all are girls bnt one. The girls are Lonisa, 
 Clara, Bertha and Cora. The son, Henry, is a 
 promising yonng man and is his father's assist- 
 ant in his bnsiness. 
 
 Bakkr, William J., was born in London, 
 England, on Boxing Day, or December 2(1, 
 1857, and hence is about thirty-six years of age. 
 His father, Mr. Joseph Baker, and his mother, 
 formerly Miss Ellen Keane, were both of Irish 
 descent. They came to this country about 1.S70, 
 and the subject of this sketch completed his 
 education at the Christian Brothers' College and 
 at the Mound City Commercial College. 
 
 While a boy he spent a great deal of time 
 among the employes of his uncle, who was 
 doing a heavy bricklaying business, and on 
 leaving college he worked as apprentice to this 
 gentleman, whom he served faithfully for a 
 period of four years, when he was promoted to 
 the position as foreman, and one year later sub- 
 sequently succeeded his uncle in the business. 
 He was in partnership with Mr. Thomas McDer- 
 mott (McDermott & Baker) until the year lS7i», 
 when the partnership was dissolved and Mr. 
 Baker continued in the business alone. He has 
 done an exceptionally extensive business, and 
 has acquired a reputation for brick-work which 
 defies criticism, and which is substantial in the 
 extreme. During one season alone he erected 
 over one hundred and ten buildings, and has 
 more than once passed the one hundred mark. 
 
 Among the edifices in the construction of 
 which the first-class character of his work can 
 be seen may be mentioned the Christian Broth- 
 ers' College, the Redemptorist Fathers' School, 
 the new 'Frisco Freight Depot, between Seventh 
 and Tenth streets, the Refrigerating House of 
 the Lafa\ette Brewery, the magnificent Con- 
 vent of the Good Shepherd, at Normandy, the 
 Catholic Protectorate at Glencoe, Missouri, the 
 new million dollar Planters' Hotel, the Martin 
 Building, the St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, the 
 building occupied by the Little Sisters of the 
 Poor, the Emilie Building, Ninth and Olive, and 
 the Hagan Opera House on Tenth and Pine. 
 
 These are only a few of his best works, the 
 bulk of his time having been devoted to private 
 residences, seventy-three of which he erected in 
 the year l-SSH alone. Mr. Baker is an intelli- 
 gent man, fully competent to draw his own plans 
 if required, and always on the lookout for 
 defects and possible failings. By making his 
 work a life study he has developed it into an art, 
 and he seems to regard bad work on the part of 
 his employes a personal injury to himself. His 
 keen personal supervision is highly appreciated 
 by those who have entrusted their interests into 
 his keeping, and cases in which complaints are 
 made by architects under whom he works are 
 rare in the extreme, nor has he on any occasion 
 since entering business been in any legal dis- 
 pute resulting from defective work. Mr. Baker 
 is an active member of the Builders' Exchange, 
 and filled the presidential chair very acceptaVjly 
 in 1893. He was a delegate to the national 
 convention recently held in Boston, where his 
 counsel was regarded as of exceptional value. 
 He has just been elected president of the Knights 
 of vSt. Patrick, is treasurer of the Elks Club, 
 and a member of the Mercantile and Marquette 
 clubs. 
 
 He married in l.'^^n Miss Laura Harrigan, 
 eldest daughter of the chief of police. He has 
 one daughter — Nellie. 
 
 P\).STHR, Robert ^LAGRunER, the second son 
 of Dr. Sterling J. and Virginia (Heard) Foster, 
 was born in Putnam county, Georgia, May IH, 
 1852, from which State his father moved early 
 in l'S58 to Union Springs, Alabama, where as a 
 planter and physician he still resides. IMr. 
 Foster comes of a long line of lawyers, doctors 
 and divines, being the direct descendant of John 
 Foster of Hallifax county, Virginia; the nephew 
 of Nathaniel Green Foster, Ex. M.C., and Judge 
 Albert G. Foster, of Madison, Georgia, Judge 
 Adam G. Foster, of Burnett, Texas, and James 
 M. F'oster, one of the leading physicians of 
 Alabama, and grand-nephew of Stephen Heard 
 and Thomas Magruder, eminent divines of Ala- 
 bama and ]\lississipi)i. 
 
 His collegiate education was received at the 
 
lUOCRAPllli A I. . irPExnix. 
 
 Ivist Alal)anui Male Colle.t^t", at Auburn, Ala- (lci)artuifnt of the law his opiuiuu is considered 
 
 hania, which he attended two \-ears, and at authoritative. In 1M7S he consented to become a 
 
 Davidson College, Mecklenburg county, North candidate for the Legislature and was elected to 
 
 Carolina, from which he received the degree the Thirtieth General Assembly by an almost 
 
 of P.. A., in 1«71, and three years later, the unanimous vote from the Second Representative 
 
 degree of M.A. Upon leaving college he ap- District of the city of .St. Louis. During his 
 
 plied himself assiduously to the law, when he term he was chairman of the committee on 
 was comi)elled to giv< 
 count of his health, 
 
 \\\) for a year, on ac- 
 dting himself during 
 
 luted one of the best 
 
 Hed chairman of tl 
 
 St. 
 
 that lime to all sorts ol 
 door sports; being act 
 wing shots in his 
 county, of which 
 sport he is still fond 
 and every year, dur- 
 ing the Christinas 
 holida\s, makes a 
 visit to his old hunt- 
 ing grouiuls. 
 
 Early in L'^T;! he re- 
 newed his law studies 
 and, deciding to 
 locate in .St. Louis, 
 entered the St. Louis 
 Law School the fol- 
 lowing fall, from 
 which institution he 
 graduated in LST.") 
 with the degree of 
 Lly.l!., ha\iiig in 
 t h e 111 e a n t i iii e re- 
 cei\-ed much jirac- 
 tical instruction in 
 the law office of 
 Drydeii X: Drydeii. 
 
 I'Veling equipped for his chosen profession, he tlie highest respect in commercial as well as 
 immediately formed a co-partnershii) for the legal circles, 
 general ])ractice of the law with his classmate, 
 
 John J. Meier, which continued two years. .Maxx, GivORCK R., son of Richard 1-'. and 
 
 From that date until Ls.Sl he practiced jointly I'.li/.abeth ( DeFrecse ) .Mann, was born in Svra- 
 with the Hon. Samuel Krskine, since which cuse, Indiana, July t-i, l>i.'>li. He took the 
 time he has practiced alone, occupying the same special course of architecture at the Institutit)n 
 office in the Temple Building. of Technology, of Boston, and then entered the 
 
 Mr. Foster has devoted his attention almost olTice of Mr. \V. H. P.rown, of Indianapolis, 
 exclusivelv to civil ])ractice, appearing in many with whom he remained for one year, alter 
 important cases in all the ct)urls, but iisualK as which he established himself in business in Min- 
 the attornev of priv.ite cor])orations, in which neapolis, Minnesota, with Edward S. Stebbins, 
 
 ROBERT MAORUDKR FOSTER. 
 
 uilitia and w; 
 
 Ivoiiis delegation. 
 
 During the winter of l.siil_!i2 and l.S!i:?-;i;> 
 
 lie filled the chair of medical jurispnidence in 
 the Marion-SimsCol- 
 lege of Medicine, and 
 of '!)o and "1'4 in the 
 Barnes .Medical Col- 
 lege. In l.s.sl Mr. 
 l'"oster was married 
 to Miss Li/./.ie Leigh- 
 Ion Ca r])eii t er , at 
 Keokuk, Iowa, 
 daughter of Dr. .\. 
 M. Carpenter, for- 
 merly of Keokuk, but 
 
 The\' ha\e three 
 children — two boys 
 and a girl. 
 
 Mr. Foster and 
 famih' reside on 
 Chestnut street, just 
 east of Grand ave. 
 The)- are pojnilar in 
 West I'.nd circles, 
 and Mr. 1-oster is 
 looked u]) to with 
 
4.'',8 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOliS. 
 
 the firm being known as Stebhiiis & Mann. 
 
 In the fall of I'STf Mr. Mann came to Kansas 
 City and worked as a draughtsman for a short 
 time, whence he moved to St. Joseph and 
 organized the firm of Eckel & Mann, Mr. 
 Edward J. Eckel being the partner. The firm 
 had a most prosperous career until 1891, during 
 which time it was frequently necessary to refuse 
 commissions owing to the immense amount on 
 hand. 
 
 In 1891 Mr. Mann .sold out his interest in the 
 St. Joe business and moved to St. Louis, where 
 at the present time he is devoting attention to 
 the erection of the magnificent new Cit\ Hall 
 on Washington Square. 
 
 The wonderful improvement in the appear- 
 ance of St. Joseph, during the last twelve years, 
 is largley due to Mr. Mann, who planned and 
 erected nearly all the large buildings in the busi- 
 ness section of that city. A few of the most prom- 
 inent of these were the establishments of Tootle 
 & Hosie, Nave-McCord Mercantile Company, 
 L. McDonald & Company, John S. Britton & 
 Company, Steel & Walker, Turner & Frazer, and 
 others too numerous to mention. The Union 
 Depot at St. Joseph, which is so frequently and 
 fa\orably commented upon by travelers, was also 
 designed and erected by Mr. Mann, as well as 
 the Union Depot at Hannibal. He also con- 
 structed the Columbia Theater at Chicago, the 
 Paxton Hotel in Omaha, and the Court House at 
 Council Bluffs, Iowa; Mount Ayr, Iowa; and the 
 Court Houses for the county seats for all of the 
 northwest counties of the State of Missouri. 
 
 Mr. Mann is also the architect of the Asylum 
 of the Sisters of St. Vincent, at St. Louis, and 
 the Martin Building at the corner of Tenth and 
 Washington avenue. In the very spirited com- 
 petition among architects for the new City Hall 
 of this city his plans were successful, his victor\- 
 being the subject of comment throughout the 
 entire country. He is carrying out his contract 
 to the entire satisfaction of the municipal 
 authorities, and his work is attracting attention 
 from all points. A deputation from Boston 
 recently was so impre.ssed with the excellence 
 of Mr. Mann's plans that they made a favorable 
 
 report on their return and suggested the embodi- 
 ment of his ideas in the new municipal build- 
 ing to be erected in that city. In the recent 
 competition for the Carnegie Library one hun- 
 dred and thirty-two plans were submitted, and 
 ^Ir. Mann received the second prize, a Pitts- 
 burgh firm being elected to carry out the work. 
 The fact that the second prize came to a west- 
 ern architect is a credit alike to the West and 
 to the western man who was thus honored. Mr. 
 Mann is looked upon in St. Louis as one of the 
 most reliable architects in this section of the 
 country. He is distinctively American in his 
 ideas and is a very practical man, combining 
 economy with excellence in every detail of his 
 work . 
 
 In 18.S(i he married Miss Carrie Rock, of St. 
 Joseph, and has three children, Elizabeth, 
 Wilhelmina and Georgia. Mr. Mann's mother 
 died in the spring of 1892, and her demise was 
 greatly regretted by an unusually large circle of 
 friends. His father, while captain of the Forty- 
 eighth Indiana Infantry Volunteers, died in 
 IfSiio, at Corinth, Mississippi. Mr. Mann's 
 elder brother. Lieutenant Jas. D. Mann, of the 
 Seventh Cavalry, was killed during the Sioux 
 Indian troubles at Wounded Knee, South 
 Dakota. 
 
 \'OGEi., Charles Frederick. — A gentleman 
 very popular with St. Louisans, and who has 
 held many offices of trust, which he admin- 
 istered with fidelity and ability, is Mr. Chas. F. 
 \'ogel, who, after almost a lifetime spent in the 
 public .service, has retired from politics, and is 
 now one of the leading real estate men of the 
 cit\-. Mr. \'ogel is a native of Switzerland, 
 where he was born in Neuchatel, March 22, 
 \>>\'k His father, John Vogel, and his mother, 
 who before her marriage was Anna Christinger, 
 emigrated to America in 1855, when Charles 
 was ten years of age, and settled in St. Louis. | 
 
 In this city the lad was first sent to school at 
 the Christian Brothers' College, and then en- 
 tered the public schools, and here and at private 
 schools he studied several years more, and then 
 left to accept a situation as clerk for Justice 
 
ii«^ 1 
 
 V \ > 
 
niOCRAPIlICAI. APPENPIX. 
 
 4811 
 
 .McMcker, wlio was a 
 liriiiciiial justices, lia\- 
 iium's Hotel, at tlie co 
 nut streets. 
 
 When the war l)roki 
 years of at^e, and while 
 to enlist as a regular s 
 
 Kit time one 
 his ollice un 
 ■ of Second a 
 
 out the lad was sixteen 
 le was almost too youno; 
 dier, his patriotism im- 
 ])elled him to ciimpromise b_\- enlistinjj iu Com- 
 pany I, Second United States Reserve Corps, 
 Missouri \'olunteers, as a drummer boy. 
 
 Afterwards he regularly enlisted for three 
 years' service as a 
 .soldier in Blair's 
 ISrigade, Twenty- 
 ninth Missouri \'ol- 
 unteer Infantry, 
 Colonel John S.Cav- 
 ender, Company I{, 
 Captain Thomas H. 
 Mc\'icker. He was 
 of that bod\- of men 
 who l.)e]ic\-ed in a 
 princi]ile, and whose 
 ji.itriotism was great 
 enough to cause 
 them to risk their 
 li\-es in its supjjort, 
 who were the bra\est 
 and best of both ar- 
 mies during the war 
 of the rebellion. .\s 
 to such soldiers as 
 he, all of the men 
 who served the re- 
 ])ublic, and those 
 wlio know the heavy sacrifices tl 
 a])preciate the great value of their ser\-ices. 
 Young \'ogel, when i)eace was declared and 
 when his services were no longer needed, was 
 mustered out and honorably discharged at Wash- 
 ington, District of Columbia, in June, l-sii."). 
 
 He immediately returned to his liome in vSt. 
 Louis, and realizing that he must liave a busi- 
 nessorprofessioii,hedeterinined toadopt the law, 
 and, acting in accord with such determination, 
 entered the law office of Jecko cS: Clover. Here 
 lie "avc his time to the stiuK- of law for a vear. 
 
 when he was tendered the position of clerk of 
 the Police Court — an event that changed his 
 plans and the course of his life entirely. He 
 accei)ted the place and filled it satisfactorily for 
 a period of four years, when he accepted a posi- 
 tion as de])uty county clerk Tinder Chief F. C. 
 vSchoenthaler, going in with that gentleman 
 when he was elected to the office. 
 
 He .served throughout Mr.vSchoenthaler's term, 
 and that he made a faithful and efficient assist- 
 ant is shown by the fact that he was continued 
 in the position by 
 the former's succes- 
 sor, Mr. K. L. Car- 
 
 he served 
 when till 
 
 CHARLES F. VOGEI 
 
 can 
 
 adoption of the 
 scheme and charter 
 the County Court 
 was legislated out of 
 existence. Mr. \o- 
 gel's next public jio- 
 sitioii was as sec- 
 retary of theCouncil, 
 or Ui)per House, be- 
 ing the first secretary 
 under the new order 
 of the scheme and 
 charter, John H. 
 Lightner being the 
 first president of that 
 body. Being thor- 
 oughly acquainted 
 with the details of 
 public service, and being urged by his friends to 
 accept an elective office, he, in l!S7<S, l)ecame a 
 candidate on the Re])ublican ticket for the office 
 of clerk of the Circuit Court. He was elected 
 and administered the affairs of the office so satis- 
 factorily, that at the end of his term he was re- 
 nominated, and, although like any ]^iiblic 
 official who tries to do his duty, he had made 
 enemies who de\eloped into a strong opposi- 
 tion, he was again elected. 
 
 At the end of his second term he determined 
 to (luit the i)ul)lic ser\ice and embark in busi- 
 
440 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ness. Concluding tliat the real estate line held 
 out the greatest hope of remuneration, he, in 
 18«7, opened an office as a real estate dealer 
 and financial agent. Since the beginning, the 
 returns of the business have more than met Mr. 
 Vogel's expectations. The influence and pres- 
 tige of the firm are steadily increasing, and it is 
 already one of the leading and responsible 
 houses of its line in St. Louis. Mr. Vogel's 
 fair and reliable methods of transacting busi- 
 ness have done much to inspire public confi- 
 dence, while good judgment and wise manage- 
 ment assure his entire .success. 
 
 In 18(i9 he was wedded to Miss Laura, 
 daughter of Mr. F. C. Fisher, a well-known 
 citizen of St. Louis. They have one son, Oli- 
 ver, and two (laughters, Estella and Fdna. 
 
 R0.SKXHKIM, Ai.KRKD F\, the well known 
 architect, is a nati\-e of this city, where he was 
 l)orn June 10, bs.")i), and is therefore still on that 
 side of the hill of life where the sunshine falls 
 the brightest. His parents, Morris and Matilda 
 ( Ottenheimer) Rosenheim, gave their boy the 
 best of patrimonies — an excellent education. 
 He started in the grammar schools of this city 
 and afterward entered the Washington Uni- 
 \-ersit\-, where he took the prescribed curricu- 
 lum. Desiring the benefits of foreign educa- 
 tional culture, he traveled to F^urope and for 
 .some time studied at the famed University of 
 F"rankfort-on-the-Main, Germany. 
 
 Then he returned to this side of the water, 
 and immediately entered the celebrated Insti- 
 tute of Technology, in Boston, taking his 
 graduation examination and terminating his 
 long course of educational training in l.s,S2. 
 One purpose of his attendance at the Institute of 
 Technology was to fit himself as an architect, 
 for which business he had always manifested a 
 natural taste and inclination, being possessed of, 
 as has since been developed, an artistic hand 
 and a constructive eye. After leaving the insti- 
 tute, he therefore .sought and found employ- 
 ment in an architect's office in Boston, and for 
 three years worked in several of the leading 
 offices of the "Hub." Convinced that while 
 
 Boston might be the place to seek instruction in 
 details of the craft, that St. Louis was abetter city 
 in which to find commissions, he therefore 
 returned in January, 1884, to this city. His first 
 employment here was in the office of that vet- 
 eran architect, Charles K. Ramsey, \vhoni he 
 finally left to form a business connection with 
 Major Francis D. Lee. 
 
 After the latter's death in August, 188.3, :Mr. 
 Rosenheim in a sense became his professional 
 legatee, inasmuch as he took charge of the 
 Major's unfinished commissions, and these were 
 the beginning of business on his own account — 
 a business which has increased year by year at 
 a most flattering rate. Results are generally the 
 standard by which the ability of any architect 
 is determined, and in 'Sir. Rosenheim's ca.se 
 they estaljlished beyond doubt the possession by 
 him of a high order of talent. Among some of 
 his most important creations are the beautiful 
 Columbian Club on Lindell boulevard, the 
 Rosenheim block, northeast corner of Ninth 
 and Washington avenue, the Phipps-Wallace 
 Building on Eighth street opposite the Post- 
 Ofiice, Hotel Rozier, and the elegant residences 
 of Messrs. Meyer, Papin, Drey, Knapp, Scharff, 
 Sprague, Bernheimer and many others in the 
 West F^nd, the big block of the express com- 
 panies' freight houses at the new Union vStation, 
 besides numerous other buildings located in all 
 parts of the city. 
 
 Combining that which is useful and sub- 
 stantial in architecture, Mr. Rosenheim has a 
 talent for elegant detail and effect, and of late 
 years has largely drifted into the study and 
 execution of interior and decorative work, in 
 which department he has already gained an 
 enviable reputation. He is by no means a local 
 practitioner in the sense that his business is 
 confined to St. Louis, for he has executed com- 
 missions, and has a list of ])atrons, in Illinois, 
 Minnesota, Arkansas and Ohio, as well as in 
 this State, outside of St. Louis. From what he 
 has thus far accomplished his friends are firmly 
 conxinced that he will attain a high degree of 
 both fame and success in his chosen field of 
 work. 
 
(^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
niOCRAPinCAL APPENDIX. 
 
 441 
 
 Krom his Inx'threu here in St. Louis, Mr. 
 Rosenheim has heeu accorded a hi|u;h compli- 
 ment by election to the secretaryship of the 
 St. Ivonis Chapter of the American Institute of 
 Architects, an office he has held since its reor- 
 i^anization in March, 1X90, after the consolida- 
 tion of the American Institute with the Western 
 Association of Architects in 1S,SH. He also 
 holds the more important office of director in 
 the parent body, the American Institute of Arch- 
 
 md sn])erin- 
 Hitz<(ibbon. 
 
 itects, and is a mend 
 Mr. Rosenheim 
 was married in LS,S4 
 to Miss Frances G. 
 W'heelock, of Bos- 
 
 )f the Royal Arcai 
 
 FiTZ 
 
 ilBBON, JaS., 
 
 was born in t 
 
 le little 
 
 town ( 
 
 f Middleton, 
 
 near C 
 
 irk, I 
 
 reland. 
 
 on Jul 
 
 e '1"^ 
 
 1.S4;'.. 
 
 I lis fa 
 
 ther. 
 
 Daniel 
 
 Fit/-il 
 
 bon, 
 
 died 
 
 when J 
 
 unes \ 
 
 vasfonr 
 
 >• e a r s 
 
 old. 
 
 His 
 
 niothei 
 
 "s m 
 
 a i d e n 
 
 ifter 
 
 lier 
 
 .XUK 
 
 ■ath she de- 
 come with 
 1 (1 r e n to 
 s e 1 1 1 i n .i,^ 
 iprinj^field. 
 
 b'^li'S, and was aj)pointed foreman 
 
 tendent by his uncle, .Morris H. 
 
 He acted in this capacity until lS7;i, when he 
 
 set up in business for himself. 
 
 Mr. Fitzgibbon doe.s a buildini,' and .y;eneral 
 contracting busine.ss, and among the important 
 buildings he has constructed are C. H. Turner's 
 building. Third .street; Hoyle building, Si.\th 
 and Locust; Patrick Burns' building, Christ)- 
 between Si.xth and Seventh; P>annerman build- 
 ing, Si.xth and Christ)-; J. S. Sullivan building. 
 Seventh andChristy ; 
 H. Liggett building, 
 T w e n t i e t h a n d 
 Chestnut; Central 
 Distillers" buildings 
 
 Cohnnbia building, 
 Ivighth and Locust; 
 Puritan l)uilding on 
 Locust; Channing 
 I-lats; Paramore 
 Mats; 1). R. Carri- 
 son, row of houses; 
 Connecticut Mutual 
 Life Insurance Com- 
 pany, row of houses; 
 Lackman School; 
 ConcordiaClnbHall, 
 and fine residences 
 for the following 
 
 nne( 
 
 P. C. -Ml 
 
 ^entlemei 
 irphv, A 
 
 ..-. Ill /.(illSBON. 
 
 .Massachusetts, as their home. It was in that 
 city tliat James was reared, and there he received 
 the rudiments of his education. He afterward 
 attended school for several \-ears in Ilolyoke, 
 Massachusetts, and also in this latter cit\- he was 
 a])i)renticed and learned the trade of a machinist. 
 When nineteen years of age he went to Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, and entered tlie Plu£ni.\ Iron 
 Works as a machinist. From the PhaMii.x he 
 went to the Hartford and New Haven sho])s, 
 where he remained four and a half years work- 
 ing at his trade. He came to St. Louis in .\pril, 
 
 bert .Mansur, Dr. 
 P.ronsou, j. H. Tier- 
 nan and Marcus P.ernlieimer. 
 
 .Mr. Fitzgibbon was married in .\pril, 1^7 1, 
 to Miss :\Iarv Jane Keating, daughter of Patrick 
 Keating, at one time the first and most jMomi- 
 nent real estate dealer of the city. He was a 
 friend of many of the old real estate liolders of 
 the city, .such as the Muiianphys, and as such 
 had the management of their real estate. The 
 couple have four children living: Francis 
 Keating, Eugene, Kdward and Louise. 
 
 Mr. Fitzgibbon's success in life is largely due 
 to a sound business sense and the fact that he 
 
442 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 has never trusted iin])ortant business to a subor- 
 dinate, Init has o;iven all liis work his personal 
 supervision. 
 
 Hoffman, Samukl, is often spoken of as the 
 leading builder of St. Louis, and this statement 
 is made without any intention of inviting invid- 
 ious comparison, for he has the reputation by 
 virtue of the fact that he has been engaged in 
 the business here for over a score of years, and 
 during that time has constructed some of the 
 largest and costliest buildings in St. Louis. He 
 was born in Stark county, Ohio, in 184(i, and 
 is the son of David and vSarah (White) Hoff- 
 man. When an infant but two years of age 
 his parents changed their residence from Stark 
 to Washington county of the same State, where 
 the boy was educated in the public schools. 
 
 Very little time intervened after he left school 
 before the war broke out, and as he was one of 
 those who had courage as well as conviction he 
 enlisted early and marched away from home in 
 Company F, of the Thirty-sixth Ohio Infan- 
 try Volunteers, the regiment commanded by 
 Gen. George Crookes. He made a record in 
 Crookes' first fight, seeing a great deal of hard 
 service and hard fighting during the three years 
 he was a soldier. He was in the second battle 
 of Bull Run, at Warreuton, South ]\Iountain, 
 Antietam and Chickamauga; he was also in the 
 important battle of Missionary Ridge, and was 
 with General Thomas at Rocky Face and Hoo- 
 ver's Gap; under Gen. Phil. Sheridan he was 
 at the bitter engagements of Winchester, Fish- 
 er's Hill, and others on the road to L>nch- 
 burg, under Hunter, and also at Cedar Creek. 
 It will thus be seen that he saw almost as much 
 hard and actual ser\ice as any soldier who 
 fought for the Union. After Cedar Creek, in 
 18(54, he was mustered out and discharged, with 
 a record for honorable service that any man 
 should be ]iroud of. 
 
 Returning home after his discharge he took 
 contracts for the erection of buildings, this be- 
 ing a line of business he had started to learn 
 before his enlistment as a soldier. The locality 
 near his home not furnishing as wide a field as 
 
 he desired for his operations, he removed to 
 Parkersburg, West \'irginia, where he con- 
 ducted operations ver}- successfully for a short 
 time; but, like thousands of other men who 
 went through the campaigns of the rebellion, 
 this great uplieaval produced a general unrest 
 and a desire for change. I\Iany thousands of 
 these returned soldiers satisfied this longing for 
 activity and a change of scene, born of the rapid 
 and shifting variations of war, by seeking the 
 new and broad territory of the West; and Mr. 
 Hoffman, becoming one of the westward moving 
 army, found himself in Missouri, where he de- 
 termined to locate. 
 
 Accepting work on several large contracts, he 
 first lived at Pleasant Hill and Kansas City, 
 Missouri, but regarding that St. Louis was des- 
 tined to be the metropolis not only of Missouri, 
 but of the Mississippi Valley, he made this city 
 the field of his future operations. He came ■ 
 here in XXl'l, a time most auspicious for him, 
 as St. Ivouis was just then taking upon herself 
 new growth and life. His rise was therefore 
 rapid, for he was a man who applied the golden 
 rule to the execution of every contract, not only 
 as a matter of principle but as a niatter of 
 policy. The promptness and honesty with 
 which he carried out his contracts, ga\-e him a 
 reputation that brought him pxosperit\- and 
 business, the man who had buildings to erect 
 preferring him at a higher figure than less 
 responsible builders at the lowest price. 
 
 Within the score or more years he has plied 
 his business in the city he has erected some o{ 
 the largest and finest buildings, including the 
 (irand ( )])era House, the Sligo Iron Works, 
 Liggett i!\: .Myers Tobacco F'^actory, the new 
 Mercantile Club, the Globe-Democrat Building, 
 and many others. His fame has extended 
 beyond St. Louis and he has executed man\- 
 contracts in other cities, making a specialty in 
 this field of opera houses. Among these con- 
 tracts are the Broadway Theater, New York; 
 Amphiton Theater, Brooklyn; National Theater, 
 Philadelphia; Luberris Theater, Memphis; Grand 
 Opera House, San Antonio, Texas, ;ind the 
 Grand Windsor Hotel at Dallas, Texas. 
 
niocRAPnrcAL appendix. 
 
 \^•^ 
 
 BakI'.k, Alfrki) AL, son of Jost-]))! and l{llfii 
 ( Keaiie ) Baker, was born of Irish parents in the 
 city of London, on May i', 1^(17. When he was 
 Init four years of age his parents came to St. 
 Lt)uis, and it was in this city that he obtained 
 tlie excellent education which has lieen so 
 in\-alnal)le to him in the profession which he 
 has chosen. 
 
 When he left school he entered the office of 
 Mr. Charles E. Illsley, where he studied practi- 
 cal architecture in all its phases. He made i^ood 
 progress, and enter- 
 ing the office of Mr. 
 J. B. Legg, he con- 
 tinued his studies 
 until he became an 
 accomplished archi- 
 tect and a very able 
 designer. 
 
 His work has been 
 of a character calcu- 
 lated to perpetuate 
 his name in the city. 
 The M a r q u e 1 1 e 
 School, generally 
 conceded to be the 
 handsomest public 
 educational building 
 in the West, was 
 designed and con- 
 structed under his 
 snjierintendence. 
 Two other very fine 
 ])ublic schools were ai.fkkd ; 
 
 also erected by him. 
 
 But it is in private residences that Mr. liaker 
 has made the most remarkable record. During 
 the last three years he has planned and sujier- 
 inteuded the erection of high-class residences, 
 costing in the aggregate considerably in e.xcess 
 of !?(;()(),()()(), although the ability and economy 
 of the architect kept the expenditure down to 
 the lowest possible point. The residences thus 
 constructed include those owned by Major Lau- 
 rence Harrigan, Peter O'Xeil, Mrs. L. Schulle, 
 John O'Xeil, Justin Steer, L. C. Doggett, 
 Joseph O'Xeil, Adam Boeck, D. C. Ball, Mrs. 
 
 K. I). Pattee, Mrs. H. D. i'itlnian, Mrs. Isal)el 
 Douglas, K. I'. Kilgen, !■. C. Tranernicht, 
 Frank Ritter, William Keane, J. P.. C. Lucas, !•. 
 A. Steer, B. Wasserman and John Long. The.se 
 houses represent almost every type of modern 
 architecture, and are marvels of convenience 
 internally. 
 
 Few men InU twenty-seven years of age can 
 duplicate such a record as this, and it is dmibt- 
 fvil if the history of architecture can furnish 
 another such example of architectural precocity. 
 .Mr. Baker is now 
 designing a number 
 of buildings of even 
 more costly and 
 intricate character, 
 and the prospects for 
 his future career are 
 of the brightest pos- 
 sible character. 
 
 He was married 
 on F e b r u a r y 14, 
 ISit;',, to .Miss Clara 
 Schultc, of Xorth 
 (rrand avenue, and 
 Mr. and Mrs. Baker 
 have a son and heir 
 who has been named 
 after his father, and 
 who, it istobe hoped, 
 will emulate his 
 good example, and 
 be as energetic and 
 s\iccessful in his 
 walk in life, 
 ior member of the 
 is the son 
 lorn in St. 
 
 iiAKi;k. 
 
 Ward, Thomas J., senior 
 contracting firm of Ward .\: Ha 
 of a well-known workman, and 
 K 
 
 Louis October in, ixdd. His lather, being a 
 workingman, well understood the importance 
 of teaching his son habits of industry and thrift, 
 and early, impressed on liis mind the fact that 
 on his own effort and labor depended the meas- 
 ure of his success in life. 
 
 He was given the advantages of the public 
 schools for several years, and then made his 
 first venture in tlie industrial field as an appren- 
 
444 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ticeof Win. Keane, the brick contractor. Under 
 hiin he served a regular apprenticeship and came 
 out a rapid and thorough brick mason. He 
 then went about his work with the purpose 
 always before him of attaining the best results 
 and the highest excellence in his line, and, as 
 a consequence, his promotion was rapid. He 
 was soon made foreman for the important con- 
 tracting firm of McDermott & Baker, and while 
 acting in this capacity, among other important 
 work, erected the Emilie Building, the Christian 
 Brothers' College 
 and the 'Frisco De- 
 pot. Ten years ago 
 he went into busi- 
 ness for himself as a 
 brick contractor. 
 
 Four years later 
 he formed the pres- 
 ent partnership with 
 William H.Hartley. 
 Both members are 
 practically acquaint- 
 ed with the details 
 of the brick business 
 and in other respects 
 constitute a well- 
 balanced firm. 
 
 Mr. Ward was 
 married in liSHH to 
 Miss Julia Passmore, 
 daughter of James 
 H. Pa.ssmore, the 
 well-known and suc- 
 cessful lumberman. 
 
 Mr. Ward is a gentleman of great popularit\- 
 and has held various official honors at the hands 
 of his fellow-citizens. From the Fourth St. 
 Loiiis District he was sent to the lyCgislature 
 eight years ago. Three different times he has 
 been elected to the House of Delegates, and 
 during two years of that time filled the chair of 
 speaker with distinction and ability. He has 
 always proved worthy of every trust that has 
 been conferred on him, and his extended popu- 
 larity places within his reach in future almost 
 any official position in the field of politics. 
 
 DowDALL, John T., the oldest Ddd Fellow in 
 the State of Missouri, is certainly entitled to 
 more than a passing mention in a work which 
 is designed to be a connecting link between the 
 old and new St. Louis, and to show how the old 
 river town has developed into a great metropol- 
 itan city. Air. Dowdall is now nearly seventy- 
 eight years of age, and he has lived in St. Louis 
 more than half a century. Being of an observ- 
 ant disposition, he has noticed from time to 
 time, with much intelligence, various local devel- 
 opments and events, 
 and the editor of this 
 
 work is mi 
 
 ch 
 
 debted to bin 
 
 fo 
 
 formation ane 
 
 1 h 
 
 given. 
 
 
 Mr. Dowd; 
 
 11 
 
 native of Kei 
 
 tut 
 
 and was Ik 
 
 )rii 
 
 Henrv conn 
 
 tv 
 
 October ol, 
 
 1 
 
 Keiitiick\', : 
 
 t 
 
 time, was aw 
 
 Id, 
 
 THOS. J. WARD 
 
 that 
 un- 
 cultivated district. 
 I''ree schools were 
 unknown and the 
 pay schools were few 
 and far between. As 
 a result the subject 
 nf this sketch had 
 few educational ad- 
 vantages, and it is 
 only because he has 
 been an indefatiga- 
 ble reader for fifty or sixty years that he is now 
 a well-informed, highly educated gentleman. 
 When he was fifteen years of age he left home 
 and was apprenticed to learn the trade of ma- 
 chinery and pattern making. In l.S4() he went 
 into business in Louisville, Kentucky, establish- 
 ing the firm of Bunn & Dowdall, and in the fol- 
 lowing year he married Miss America Owen, of 
 Franklin county, Kentucky. 
 
 ISusiness was fairly good in Loiiis\ille, but in 
 l.S4;5 Mr. Dowdall saw an excellent opportunity 
 to establish himself in St. Louis. He accord- 
 
lUOCRAPinCAI. APPEXniX. 
 
 A\- 
 
 in<ily sold out to Mr. liiinii, and in June, ISi:'), 
 opened n]i in this city as a manufacturer of ma- 
 chinery and of cotton battino;, his bein.y; the 
 first firm west of the .Mississippi river to manu- 
 facture the latter article. In 184() he disposed 
 of this branch of the business and made a spe- 
 cialt\' of iron, ojieninsij uji a large foundry and 
 supplyin<;- an immense quantity of shot and 
 shell to tlie Ciovernment during the Mexican 
 war. Several years later he supplied the Fed- 
 eral government with a larger quantity of am- 
 nmnition, which was used during the ci\-il war. 
 
 After the great fire of 1849 another depart- 
 ment was added to the factory, arid castings were 
 turned out in large numbers. Some of the 
 castings uuulc in the old Washington foundry 
 by him arc still Ijcing used in the city, and it is 
 interesting to note that his firm cast the cohtmns 
 for the jail, the largest that had ever been made 
 at that time, and also the castings and columns 
 for the Court House. 
 
 For several years the business thrix'ed under 
 various st\-les, such as Dowdall, Carr & Com- 
 ]ian\', J. T. Dowdall 6c Company, and Dowdall, 
 Page & Compau}'. The investment approxi- 
 mated a quarter of a million, and as a large por- 
 tion of the capital was borrowed, the panic of 
 Is.'iT gave the firm a hard shake. It rallied, 
 however, but before the war was over heavy 
 lo.sses had been incurred. After the foundry 
 had been twice destro\-ed by fire, it was decided 
 to close out the firm. Mr. Dowdall sulise- 
 quently went into the i)low business, but is now 
 engaged in real estate and insurance. 
 
 Througli all these long years of prosjjcrity 
 and adversity Mr. Dowdall has been the center 
 of a large circle of friends. This spring he was 
 ])resentcd with a very valuable gold-headed cane 
 bv his brother Odd I'cllows, in commemonUion 
 of his long connection with that order ami the 
 faithful manner in which he had lived up to its 
 oliligations. He joined Boone Lodge, No. 1, 
 at Ivouisville, in 1S;^!I, and has been a member 
 of Mis.souri Lodge, No. 1, for half a century. 
 For even a longer period he has been a member 
 of the Methodist-l'.piscopal Church, and is a 
 member of the Cook .\ venue Church. 
 
 Mr. Dowdall's first wife died in isd;',, leaving 
 three children, J<)sei)li A. Dowdall and two 
 daughters, who are now Mrs. Mary K. Helium 
 and Mrs. Mattie Smith. In 1H();} he married 
 Miss Elizabeth Johnson, who died three years 
 later. In 18()8 Mr. Dowdall married his pres- 
 ent wife, who was formerly Miss Leonora Wool- 
 dridge. Two sons of this marriage survive. The 
 oldest, William F., is connected with the Mis- 
 .souri Fish Commission, and the youngest, Paul 
 Leroy, has just completed his education and is 
 starting out in a ctimmercial career. 
 
 KrKXZKL, .\xi)ki;\v, was born in Bohemia, 
 .\ustria, January !.">, bs.')!. His parents were 
 nali\es of Bavaria, ('rernuuu'. His father was 
 John Kuenzel, and his mother's name before her 
 marriage was Elizabeth Guenthert. He attended 
 school in the town of Neuberg until he was 
 thirteen years old, when he went to Reichen- 
 bach to learn the trade of machinist, and was 
 apprenticed for four years. When liis term of 
 service expired, he went to the cit\- of Chemnitz 
 and entered upon a thorough course of theoret- 
 ical training in practical and applied mechanics, 
 consisting of drawing, surveying and mathe- 
 matics. He remained in that school for a year 
 and a half, and then secured a position as 
 draughtsman in the celebrated machine works 
 of Wieden & Son, where he remained for eight- 
 een months, when he came to the United States, 
 arriving in this city in the fall of 1873. 
 
 Possessing a thorough practical knowledge of 
 machinery of all kinds, he had no difficulty in 
 obtaining remunerative employment. He put 
 up the machinery in the fir.st .sash, door and 
 blind factory, which was established south of 
 Market street. He was next eurployed to put 
 up the machinery for the Great Western Sash, 
 Door and Blind Factory, and afterwards took the 
 position of superintendent of the establishment, 
 where he remained until June, 18^3, when he 
 went into business on his own account, with a 
 small capital, at his present location at 271(j-"2H 
 S(mth Third .street, where he noAV has a sash, 
 door and blind factory, with a lumber-yard in 
 connection, on the oppo.site side of the street, 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 employing in all about twenty-five workmen. 
 
 Few men in business in St. Louis have ac- 
 complished more in a few years than Mr. Kueu- 
 zel, or built up so large and profitable a business 
 from a small beginning. He gives his personal 
 supervision to his entire business, and to this 
 fact is his success to be largely attributed. 
 
 Mr. Kuenzel was married in 1876 to Miss 
 Frances Hof, of this city. They have had eight 
 children — six girls and two boys — six of whom 
 are living. 
 
 Taylor, Isaac S., sou of Isaac W. and Mary 
 (Stacker) Taylor, was born in Januar}-, 1851, 
 in Nashville, Tennessee. Young Taylor was 
 educated at the St. Louis L^niversity, taking a 
 classical course in the Jesuit College and gradu- 
 ating with honors in 18(i8. As a boy his hobby 
 was architectural drawing, and on lea\ing col- 
 lege he associated himself with Mr. George I. 
 Baruett, under whom he studied architecture for 
 six years. He was then admitted into partner- 
 ship, the firm name being Baruett & Taylor, and 
 for five years more the firm continued operations, 
 the bulk of the hard work naturally falling on 
 the energetic young partner. 
 
 In 1879 Mr. Taylor started in business for 
 himself and is now regarded as one of the best 
 architects in America west of the j\Iississippi 
 Valley. This is not the individual opinion of 
 any one man, but it is the verdict of the 
 immense number of capitalists, manufacturers 
 and merchants who have placed their interests 
 in his keeping. Few men can point to so 
 magnificent a list of public buildings con- 
 .structed under their management as "Ike" 
 Taylor. While with Mr. Baruett he was the 
 architect and superintendent of construction of 
 the Southern Hotel, the first and, indeed, only 
 fire-proof hotel in St. Louis. His other triumphs 
 include the Meyer Brothers Drug Company's 
 Building on Fourth and Clark avenue, the larg- 
 est drug house in the world, and admitted b\- 
 visitors from distant States and also from 
 Europe to be perfect in every detail; the Liggett 
 & Myers establishment on Washington avenue, 
 wdiich if not quite the largest in America is bv 
 
 far the l)est ecjuipped and best adapted for its 
 purpose; and the Drummond Tobacco Factory, 
 another marvel of success as a manufacturing 
 establishment. Among more handsome if less 
 massive structures which ;\Ir. Taylor has 
 designed and brought to perfection may be 
 mentioned the Hotel Beers on Grand avenue, 
 the Harmony Club House, the Tony Faust 
 Building on Broadway, and the Third Baptist 
 Church. Outside of St. Louis Mr. Taylor's 
 work is well known, and though he has frequently 
 refused commissions away from home on account 
 of his pressing duties in St. Louis, he has been 
 able to erect some very magnificent structures 
 elsewhere. Among the most prominent of these 
 maybe mentioned the "National" Hotel, of 
 Peoria, Illinois; the " Newcomb," at Ouincy; 
 the " Crescent," at Eureka Springs, a building 
 which has won praise from e\-ery one who has 
 visited the health king — Arkansas Springs, and 
 the elegant "Oriental," at Dallas, Texas. 
 
 Just now Mr. Taylor's career may be regarded 
 at the zenith of its success. He has just com- 
 pleted the Globe-Democrat Building on Sixth 
 and Pine, the finest newspaper building in the 
 West, and he is also the architect in charge of 
 the Rialto Building on Fourth and Olive, the 
 ^lercautileCIub Building on Seventh and Locust, 
 the Columbia Building, Eighth and Locu.st, 
 and the Public Library on Ninth and Locust. 
 He now also has charge of the new Planters' 
 House, one of the palatial hotels of America. 
 
 Mr. Taylor is unmarried; indeed, he is wed- 
 ded to his work, and frequently spends half the 
 night thinking out new designs and planning 
 further triumphs. He is one of the laud-marks 
 of St. Louis, and his figure is a familiar and 
 pleasing one. He owes his success, in a great 
 measure, of course, to his marked aptitude for 
 his work, and the careful study which he has 
 devoted to it; but 'not second to these must be 
 mentioned his honesty and candor, and the 
 stern manner in which he resents anything ap- 
 proaching neglect of duty on the part of con- 
 tractors, and any shirking of any description. 
 ]\Ir. Taylor has never erected a building which 
 has ])n)ved unsatisfactory iu any respect. 
 
K 
 
 (vL ^. 
 
 ^ 
 
BIOdRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 vScHRArBSTADTKR, CaKI, (t., SOU of Carl G. 
 and Henrietta ( Witschieber ) Schraubstadter, 
 was born in Dresden, Oernian\-, May lil, 1.S27 
 He was educated in the school of Rath 6c That' 
 Dresden, and at the age of fourteen was appren. 
 ticed to ^leinhold & Sous, royal printers and ]iub- 
 lishers, who conducted a large establisluuent in 
 Dresden, where the\- uianufactured lluir own 
 type as well as doing a large amount of printing 
 for members of the royal family and others. He 
 served six years with this firm, and made an 
 immense quantity of 
 t\pe by hand with 
 small molds and the 
 ladle, casting ma- 
 chines being looked 
 upon as impossible 
 ideas in (rermanv 
 fifty \ears ago. 
 
 In IS 4 7, his time 
 being up, he worked 
 as a journeyman at 
 Buda-Pest, in Hun- 
 gary, Prague, Lin/, 
 in Austria, Munich 
 in I! a \- a r i a , and 
 P'rankfort-ou-t he- 
 Main, and after an 
 extensive experience 
 in (iermauy he went 
 to P^ugland, where 
 he stayed for a short 
 time. In 1.S54 he 
 came to America, carl o. >cii 
 
 originally with the 
 
 intention of seeing the country, but he was so 
 impressed with what he saw, that he determined 
 torenuiin permanently in .\merica. He worked 
 for James Connor's Sons, type founders, for a 
 short time, and while trade was slack accepted 
 a temporary position in the Boston Type 
 P'oundry, where, however, he remained for 
 twenty \ears. Being a steady and industrious 
 nuxn, he sa\ed money, and in the year ]."<()'> 
 purchased an interest in the foundry and took 
 charge of the mechanical department. He was 
 couuecled witli the hon.se during the great fire 
 
 of 1X72, whenthe building wasentirely destroyed, 
 and it was only by his vigorous efforts, with the 
 assistance of some of the employes, that tlie 
 foundry's valuable matrices were saved. He 
 remained with the house two }ears after this, 
 or until it was re-established. He then, in 1.S74, 
 came west and, in ])artuershi]i with .Mr. James 
 .\. Si. John, established the Central Type 
 I-'oundry in this city, Mr. Schraub.stadter becom- 
 ing president of the company and manager of 
 the mechanical department, while Mr. .St. John 
 acted as secretarv 
 and l)usincss man- 
 ager. 
 
 In .Xjiril, l.sss, 
 -M essrs. Schraub- 
 stadter and St. John 
 ])urchascd a con- 
 trolling interest in 
 the Boston Type 
 l''oiuulr\-, the same 
 house of which the 
 former had lieen an 
 eui])]o\e for a score 
 of \ears, and of 
 w h i c h after the 
 abo\e date he was 
 ]nesident and Mr. 
 St. John secretary. 
 ( )n Xovember, 1."), 
 l.^Iii', the Central 
 Ty]ie Foundry and 
 the Boston Type 
 iHMADTHR. P'ouudry were sold 
 
 to the American 
 Tvpe Foundrv Comjiany, and Mr. Schraub- 
 stadter and his partner retired from business. 
 The eighteen years Mr. Schraubstadter had 
 charge of the practical department of tlie 
 Central Type Foundry was the period of the 
 greatest development in the type-making art, 
 and many changes and improvements were due 
 to his ingenuity. The Central was a factor in 
 the art from almo.st its infancy to the present, 
 and at the time it was sold was one of the lead- 
 ing houses in its line west of the Mi.ssissippi. 
 The work with which Mr. Schraubstadter was 
 
448 
 
 Ol^D AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 so long connected is being continued by his sons, 
 who have established the Inland Type Foundry. 
 
 Mr. Schraubstadter is a very popular man, 
 especially in Oerinan circles. He is an excel- 
 lent singer, having frequently appeared in ])nb- 
 lic and sung in operas in Boston and vSt. Louis 
 in his younger days. He is still a member of 
 the Orpheus Musical Society, of Boston, as well 
 as of the Liederkranz Society, of St. Louis. 
 The family is a distinctly musical one, and Mr. 
 vSchraubstadter takes much interest in the 
 musical studies of his children. 
 
 In the year l-Slid he was married to Miss 
 Augusta vStern, of Cassel, Germany, and the 
 couple ha\-e nine children living. Of these, 
 Carl is in business as the head of the Western 
 Engravers' Supply Company, and also as sec- 
 retary of the Inland Type Foundry. Wilhelm 
 and Oswald, in 1893, established the Inland 
 Type Foundry, of which the former is president 
 and the latter vice-president; Ida, now Mrs. 
 Sohm, resides in Dresden, Germany; Richard 
 has fitted himself as a mining engineer; George, 
 after studying the art of brewing in Germany, 
 is now brew-master of the American Brewing 
 Association, at Houston, Texas; Allie, now 
 Mrs. Hacker, also resides in Houston; Krnst 
 graduated this year from the Manual Train- 
 ing School; Emma is now the wife of Mr. 
 Goertz, general agent of the Germania Life 
 Insurance Company of this city. 
 
 ShulTz, Johx a. J. — In presenting to the 
 public the names of men of the city of St. Louis 
 who have by force of character and energ\-, 
 together with a combination of qualities and 
 ability, made themselves conspicuous in pri- 
 vate and public life, there is no example more 
 fit to present, and none more worthy to be re- 
 membered, than John A. J. Shultz. Not only 
 does he rise above the standard in his line of 
 business, but he also possesses in a high degree 
 the excellences of human nature and christian 
 character that makes men worthy and respected 
 among their fellow-men. He is high-minded 
 and liberal in his business; one who is alive to 
 all the varying requirements of trade, whose 
 
 operations have 1)een of the most extended and 
 weighty character, who with others have suc- 
 ceeded in making St. Louis the great commer- 
 cial and manufacturing metropolis. 
 
 John A. J. Shultz was born in Grantsville, 
 Alleghany county, Maryland, in the year 1838, 
 where he received a common school education, 
 served an apprenticeship in his father's tannerv; 
 later he conducted the business of said tannery 
 and also engaged in merchandising in connec- 
 tion therewith. In the year 18t>4 he moved to 
 St. Louis and engaged in the hide and leather 
 business. In LS72 he formed a co-partnership 
 in the tanning business at the present location 
 with Captain C. W. Ford, who was then the 
 United States Collector of Internal Revenue for 
 St. Louis. In 1873 Captain Ford died, Mr. 
 Shultz purchased his interest in the business 
 and conducted the same until LSyii. In the 
 meantime he was experimenting in making the 
 surface-turned full rawhide belting, the first 
 belting turned out in ISTii. vSecuring a patent 
 for the manufacturing of the same, the belting 
 after being introduced to the public met with 
 such success that he formed a stock company, 
 and the Shultz Belting Company was organized 
 in the spring of 1877, at which time he was 
 elected president, and has been its president 
 since the company has been organized — an 
 honor which has been conferred upon him for 
 his energy and business qualities. The com- 
 pany .started with a capital of $30, ()()(); it is 
 now increased to $330,000. A glimpse, how- 
 ever, of the most important part is the extensive 
 works at the corner of Bismarck and Barton 
 streets, which stands to speak as a monument 
 unto itself. This gives but a faint idea of the 
 extent of the works. The factory covers a 
 front of 200 feet by l<jt> feet, and comprises in all 
 three four-story buildings. The business of the 
 company extends to all jiarts of the globe except 
 China and Egypt. The great demand for the 
 belting by the electric light plants throughout 
 the country has caused the Shultz company to 
 identify themselves with almost every scheme 
 that tends to promote the welfare of electrical 
 interests. As a jjromiuent member of the St. 
 
BhM.RAPHlCAL APPENDIX. 
 
 Lt)uis Klectric Clul), lie lent Iiis aid in c\erv 
 ])ossible way to push the work of prcjxiratioii for 
 the Late electric convention which met in .St. 
 Louis. He is entitled to a full measure of the 
 a]ipreciation of every one in attendance. 
 
 Mr. Shultz is the owner of a fine stock farm 
 near Lexington, Missouri, where he and his 
 family spend the summer, upon which farm he 
 raises some of the finest trottin.e; horses in the 
 .State. 
 
 Mr. Shultz was married to Miss Mary Brown 
 in 1.H59, of which 
 marriage there has 
 been ten children. 
 Seven children are 
 still li\'in.s; — four 
 daughters and three 
 sons. He united in 
 an early da}' with the 
 I^utheran Church. 
 After his arrival in 
 vSt. Louis he, with a 
 few others, started 
 and organized the 
 ])resent St. Mark's 
 Lutheran Church, of 
 which Dr. Rhodes is 
 pastor. From a few 
 m embers it has 
 grown to a large 
 church and wields a 
 large influence in the 
 community. 
 
 His father was Riiono.N 
 
 .\dam Shultz, his 
 
 mother Miss Nancy Shockey, both born in Sum- 
 erset county, Pennsylvania, the former in the 
 year ITSil, the latter in 1802. They were united 
 in marriage in ISIS, of which union there were 
 fourteen children — nine sons and five daughters. 
 His grandfather on his mother's side, Christian 
 Shockey, served his country faithfully through 
 the Rc\-olutiouary war. 
 
 Ci.KARV, RKIl^r()^•l), the well-known commis- 
 sion merchant, whose picture appears on this 
 page, was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, 
 
 :\Lay 1>J, l.S2!i 
 
 where his father w 
 
 as a 
 
 farmer. 
 
 He attended a 
 
 local private school 
 
 until 
 
 his flf- 
 
 teenth year. 
 
 when he went to \ 
 
 •ork 
 
 on his 
 
 inti 
 
 he was 
 
 father's farm, where he remained 
 twenty. 
 
 In I.S.IO he came to America and at once .set- 
 tled in St. Louis, where his brother-in-law, Mr. 
 P. Ryan, resided. For a year he drove a team 
 for Mr. Ryan, who was a contractor on Man- 
 chester road, and he ne.xt .secured a position 
 under Mr. John J. .\nderson, of Carondelet, for 
 whom he worked 
 
 until 
 
 )Lu-( 
 
 i.s:.4 
 
 taking 
 his horses 
 ng other 
 ound his 
 
 l'ortiniiextele\eii 
 \fars he was en- 
 gaged in the* retail 
 grocery and feed 
 business. In the 
 year IHIi;'), he, hav- 
 ing saved consider- 
 able monev, organ- 
 ized the firm of 
 Cleary cS: Taylor, 
 commission mer- 
 chants, with head- 
 quarters at 2() South 
 Commercial street. 
 In 1S7.') a 1)ranch 
 establishment was 
 ^,,;^i^v. opened in Chicago, 
 
 Mr. Taylor going to 
 that city to take charge of it, and two years 
 later the firm dis.solved partnership, Mr. Cleary 
 retaining the St. Louis connection. 
 
 Ill ISS.S he incorporated his business under 
 the name of Redmond Cleary Conmii.ssion Com- 
 pany, with a paid-up capital of $-200,()(KI. The 
 house does a very large and exceedingly sound 
 Inisiness, with :^Ir. R. Cleary at the head of it, 
 having forced his way to the front from a very 
 humble commencement. 
 
 The company is very ably officered. In 
 addition to having for its president one of the 
 
450 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 best known and most relial)le commission men 
 in the West, it has for its vice-president Mr. D. 
 C. Byrne, and for its secretary ;\Ir. Timothy F. 
 Cleary. It has special representatives in Illi- 
 nois, Tennessee, Texas, Kentucky, Nebraska, 
 Iowa, and other States, and is increasing its con- 
 nection every year. ?klr. CIear\- is active in all 
 details of its management. 
 
 the well-known attorney, 
 n of Higdon & Higdon^c 
 
 Hkw.on, John C. 
 and member of the fi 
 Longan, was born in 
 the little town of 
 Griggsville, Illinois, 
 in l.SliO. He comes 
 of old Maryland 
 stock on his father's 
 side, Higdon being 
 a family name that 
 has l»een respected 
 for many generations 
 in the State. His 
 f a t h e r was John 
 Erasmus Higdon, 
 while his mother be- 
 fore marriage was 
 Sarah Baldwin, of 
 Litchfield, Connect- 
 icut. On the distaff 
 side of the house, 
 our subject is there- 
 fore of Puritan 
 stock, as old as any 
 to be found in New i,,^^ ^ 
 
 England. 
 
 When John was six years old his parents 
 located in Kansas City, and it was there that he 
 received his common school education. As 
 soon as he was old enough he went to work in 
 a machine shop of which his father was pro- 
 prietor, and it was there he accjuired a practical 
 insight into the mechanism of tools, engines, 
 boilers and all kinds of machinery, a knowledge 
 that has been invaluable to the firm in the 
 practice of law involving the intricacies of all 
 kinds of patents. 
 
 After servintr a number of \ears in the ma- 
 
 chine shop, he took up the study of law, in due 
 time was admitted to college, and after gradiui- 
 tion began the practice of law, at which he 
 has been very successful. 
 
 Mr. Higdon is married, and has a family, and 
 is a member of the Masonic fraternity. In poli- 
 tics he is a Republican, and although he has 
 never sought office, was almost forced into nomi- 
 nation in 1S!I2 as candidate for Congress. 
 
 lii'Kc.ix, Michael, who died during the spring 
 of the present year, 
 had during his brief 
 life earned for him- 
 self the respect and 
 esteem of the mem- 
 bers of the fiu-nitnre 
 trade of this cil\ . 
 He was born on No- 
 vember, 1."), lS(;il, 
 his father being Mr. 
 Michael Bergin, Sr., 
 the w e 1 1 - k u o w n 
 furniture man, who 
 opened the jiresent 
 w business house when 
 
 ^k the subject of this 
 
 T^ brief sketch was but 
 
 t w o y e a r s old. 
 Young Michael com- 
 menced to attend 
 public schools soon 
 after the close of the 
 11,^1,,,^ war, and he then 
 
 entered the St. Louis 
 l'ni\ersity, where he took a full course of stud)-. 
 His father died in 1878, and although young 
 Michael was barely eighteen years of age he 
 assumed control of the business, being sub- 
 sequently assisted by his two yotmger brothers — 
 Andrew J. and Frank. Young as he was, ]\Ir. 
 Beigin largely increased the scope of the firm's 
 operations, and the old-established house became 
 still better known to the trade. As a member 
 of the iMirnitnre Board of Trade, Mr. Bergin's 
 work was valuable and continuous, and it was 
 not until the \ear l.Sil:^ that his attendance 
 
IU( n;A\l PI IK 'A I, APPENDIX. 
 
 became less re>^ular. His healtli tlicii lic-i^an to 
 fail, aiitl in January of this year he finally relin- 
 quished the cares of the business to his brothers 
 and went to San Antonio, Texas. He rallied for a 
 time, but consumption had obtained too strong 
 a hold upon him and he died quite a young man, 
 although old in general experience and useful- 
 
 higlily educated \-ouug la\v\ers of tlie St. Louis 
 bar. 
 
 On leaving Xcw Haven, Connecticut, he came 
 west and formed a co-partnership with Mr. 
 Higdon, which has probably the largest client- 
 age of any patent law firm in the .Southwest. 
 Although not yet twenty-eight years of age Mr. 
 Longan has won by indomita])le will and energ\- 
 
 M; 
 
 LoNC.Ax, KinvAKii E., an abl 
 expert on patent questions, and a 
 is a member of one 
 of the oldest and 
 most pro m i n e n t 
 families of ^lissouri. 
 He was born at Cal- 
 ifornia, in ;\Ioniteau 
 county, .September 
 S, lS(i(i, and is hence 
 quite a young man, 
 despite his promi- 
 nence as a patent 
 law>'er. 
 
 His early life was 
 spent on a farm, and 
 at the age of four- 
 teen he entered the 
 classical and scien- 
 tific courses of the 
 University of ]\Iis- 
 souri, at Columbia, 
 and graduated from 
 the institution the 
 youngest in the class 
 in June, !««(). .\t 
 
 the age of nineteen he commenced the study of 
 the law, and after three years' close reading of 
 the fundamental theories of the law he was 
 admitted to the bar, and completed his legal 
 studies and ]iost-graduate course at Vale Uni- 
 versity, New Haven, Connecticut, where he 
 graduated with honors in June, IXH!'. He 
 received his classical and legal education under 
 the most profound instructions in America, and 
 having superior advantages and being endowed 
 with a vigorous and acute mind and energetic 
 nature, he is without doubt one of tlie most 
 
 in enviable rcputati 
 ;cientific expert, a 
 ■ecei\ed the appoint 
 
 EDVV ARI) 
 
 a ])atenl law\er and 
 uld lia\e no doubt 
 )f United .States com- 
 missioner of patents 
 would he have ac- 
 cepted it. He has 
 iu>t only achieved a 
 ])heuomenal success 
 as an attorney , but by 
 shrewd and judicious 
 inxestments has ac- 
 cumulated con- 
 siderable property. 
 
 .Mthough not an 
 active politician or 
 office-seeker he is a 
 strong Democrat and 
 never loses an oppor- 
 tunity to assist in 
 advancing the causes 
 and triumphs of 
 Democracy. He is 
 a member of nt> 
 church but is spirit- 
 uall\' inclined and 
 I „^,j^„. has a veneration for 
 
 the Scriptures. 
 Though possessed with a fine honest face and a 
 singularly charming manner and affable disposi- 
 tion he has never been a zealous student of the 
 art of making himself agreeable to society — his 
 time being exclusively devoted to his profes- 
 sional and business duties, and attending per- 
 sonally to the wants of his large and ever 
 increasing clientage. 
 
 ^\x. Longan is a prominent M degree Mason, 
 and is a member of all the Masonic bodies and 
 Missouri Consistory, No. 1, of the Ancient and 
 Accepted Scottish Rites. 
 
452 
 
 OLD AND NEW Sr. LOUIS. 
 
 Dellachi,i.a, Stkphkx, one of the leading 
 American-Italians of St. Louis, is a native of 
 sunny-skied and historic Italy, and was born 
 October 4, 1850, in the little sea-port town of 
 Chiavari, situated on the Mediterranean, twenty 
 miles north of Genoa. He is the son of Eman- 
 uel and Marie Dellacella. The former was 
 fitted for the bar and practiced law in Italy, but 
 after coming to America he engaged in the mer- 
 cantile business. Mr. Dellacella attended school 
 in Italy, from his sixth to his tenth year. 
 
 When Stephen 
 had reached that age, 
 his parents had emi- 
 grated to America 
 and settled at Mem- 
 phis, Tennessee, 
 where the elder Del- 
 lacella engaged in 
 the boot and shoe 
 trade. At Memphis, 
 Air. Dellacella was 
 reared until he was 
 fourteen years old, 
 when, his youthful 
 imagination fired by 
 patriotism for his 
 adopted country, and 
 with true \outhful 
 rashness and thirst 
 for adventure, he en- 
 listed in the Federal 
 army, without pa- 
 rental consent. He 
 was fourteen years 
 
 old at that time, and probably the }-oungest 
 soldier in the lluion ranks, but he had the cour- 
 age and grit of a true veteran, and served under 
 Sherman until the cessation of hostilities. 
 
 His exjjerience, far from abating his ardor, 
 developed within him a liking for military life, 
 and at the end of the war he enlisted in the reg- 
 ular standing army. In this service he re- 
 mained three years, and received his discharge 
 in his eigliteenth year; while yet a bov, he was 
 still a veteran. 
 
 While in the regular army he was stationed 
 
 STEPHEN DELLACHl.l . 
 
 most of the time at the month of the Yellow- 
 stone. After his discharge he came east and 
 located at Sioux City, Iowa, where during the 
 two years of his stay he started to learn the 
 marble-cutting trade. Then he determined to 
 visit his old home in Memphis, but when he 
 reached that city he learned with the deepest 
 sorrow that both of his parents had died. Dur- 
 ing the few years following his return to Mem- 
 phis, he alternated between that city and vSt. 
 Louis, carrying on a general commisssion trade, 
 which in that day 
 proved \-ery profit- 
 able. 
 
 In 1.S74 he met 
 and married the lad\- 
 who is now his wife. 
 Miss Susan Sini])- 
 son, a native of Kn- 
 gland, who had only 
 been in this countrx' 
 a short time when 
 she met her present 
 husband. His mar- 
 riage had much to do 
 with Mr.Dellacella's 
 determination to set- 
 tle down. vSt. Louis 
 offered him good 
 prospects, and he 
 settled in this city 
 and embarked in the 
 general produce 
 commission busi- 
 ness. This line of 
 until about six years ago, 
 ontrol of the New K\'erett 
 h he has man- 
 
 trade he followed 
 
 when he secured 
 
 hotel, at Olive and Fourth, wli 
 
 aged ever since. 
 
 Mr. Dellacella is a thoroughly self-made man. 
 He was able to enjoy the benefit of little school- 
 ing, but his education has been obtained by the 
 .smoothing influences of actual contact with the 
 world. The adverse circumstances he has been 
 comiK'Ued to overcome, have been converted by 
 him into i)eneficial lessons, and he is to-day a 
 successful business man and a leader of the 
 
Bh H'.RA riflCA I. APPF.NI^IX. 
 
 American-Italian colony in this cit\-. He takes 
 a lively interest in public matters and is influ- 
 ential in local counsels of the Republican party. 
 He is literary in his tastes, and would have made 
 a good newspaper man, had he turned his atten- 
 tion in that direction. 
 
 It was Mr. Dellacella who was one of tlie 
 most active organizers of the American-Italian 
 Cavalry, composed of the leading citizens of 
 Italian birth in St. Louis, and which was 
 organized with the expectation of taking a lead- 
 ing part in the open- 
 ing of the World's 
 Fair. 
 
 :\Ir. Dellacella is 
 a member of the 
 Ancient Order o f 
 United Workmen, 
 and took a leading 
 part in the National 
 convention of the 
 order in this city in 
 1.S!I2, acting as 
 masterof ceremonies 
 and grand marshal 
 of the parade. He 
 is also a member of 
 the Knight s o f 
 Pythias and the 
 Crrand Arm\- of the 
 Republic. He has 
 Init one c h i 1 d — a 
 daughter nearing 
 womanhood. GEoR<ii; o 
 
 Mr. Dellacella is 
 a haud.sonie, powerful looking man, and is the 
 very picture of good health. 
 
 Barxett, Georgh D., the son of Cicorge I. 
 and Elizabeth (Armstrong) Barnett, was l)orn 
 in St. Louis on the 7th of October, l.S(i;5. He 
 was thoroughly educated at private schools and 
 the Christian Brothers' College. After complet- 
 ing his scholastic studies he entered the office 
 of his father and pursued a course of instruction 
 in architecture, both in theory and practice. 
 
 In September, 1«.S!», he formed a co-partner- 
 
 ship with John J. Ha\iies, under the firm name 
 of Barnett S: Haynes, which has been liigliK' 
 prosperous up to the present time, the firm rank- 
 ing among tlie first in St. Louis. 
 
 The more conspicuous of his many professional 
 undertakings are noticeable in the \'isitatiou 
 Convent, the Schola.stic Building of the Jesuit 
 College, the fine building occupied b\ the \- . X. 
 Drew Glass Company, the elegant residence of 
 R. E. Stockton, the St. Rose's Church, Mar- 
 quette Club, Sodality Hall, the Lewis C. Nel.son 
 Building, and many 
 others that reflect 
 honorable c r edit 
 upon the al)ilit\- and 
 .superior ta.ste of the 
 architect. 
 
 He was married 
 to Mi.ss Nellie R. 
 Haynes, of St. Louis, 
 a lad\- of many ac- 
 coinplishnients, and 
 daughter of Thomas 
 and Mary ( Parrel 1 ) 
 Haynes, by whom he 
 has one c h i 1 d — 
 George Haynes. 
 
 Mr. Barnett has 
 established a fine 
 rei)Utation as an 
 architect a n d is 
 rapidly rising in his 
 profession to be a 
 II worthy successor to 
 
 h i s distinguished 
 father, whose achievements are well known. 
 
 Mii.i.ER, Thom.X.s p., whose portrait appears 
 on the next page, has made himself exceedingly 
 popular bv his efficient management of the vSt. 
 James Hotel, which is situated on Broadway at 
 the corner of Walnut street. It practically ad- 
 joins the Olympic theater, and has always l)een 
 looked upon with favor by members of the the- 
 atrical and nuisical professions, thousands of 
 whom are personally acquainted with the sid)- 
 ject of this sketch. 
 
454 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Vlx. Thomas P. Miller has been proijrietor of 
 this hotel for about sixteen years, during which 
 time he has practically reconstructed the 
 establishment, so numerous and complete have 
 been the changes he has made in order to secure 
 the comfort of his guests. The hotel is now 
 lighted by electricity throughout and is fitted up 
 with every modern convenience. 
 
 It has two hundred rooms and, in addition to 
 a transient trade of great proportions, it also 
 does a very large business in the provision of 
 homes for residents. 
 The dining-room is 
 V e r y conmiodious 
 and will seat three 
 hundred people 
 easily. The table is 
 exceptionally good, 
 and in many respects 
 is fully equal to that 
 at the most costly 
 hotels. 
 
 Although popular 
 prices prevail, every 
 provision is made 
 for the safety and 
 comfort of guests. 
 In order to minimize 
 the risk of fire, the 
 kitchen, boiler-room 
 and bakery are 
 located in a building 
 altogether distinct 
 from the hotel itself, 
 an advantage in 
 
 many ways, in addition to the great reduction of 
 risk. 
 
 Each of the two hundred rooms is pleasantly 
 situated and substantially furnished. The hotel 
 is heated by steam, and it is also provided with 
 a very satisfactory elevator service. Its office 
 and rotunda are conveniently located, and large 
 crowds of capable actors as well as prominent 
 business men are frequently to be found in the 
 latter. 
 
 Another cause of the popularity of the St. 
 James is the street-car service within a stone's 
 
 THOMAS P. MILLER. 
 
 throw of it. The Broadway cars, taking pas.sen- 
 gers to both the north and south ends, pass the 
 door, and the Fourth Street Cable, the Cass 
 Avenue and Fair Grounds line, the South St. 
 Louis Electric, the Forest Park and Laclede, and 
 the Tower Grove and Shaw's Garden lines are 
 all within the shortest possible distance on foot. 
 ]\Ir. Miller's personal attention to the needs 
 of his patrons, and his marked ability as a hotel 
 manager and general caterer, are so conspicuous 
 that to those who have visited the hotel anv 
 reference to them 
 would appear super- 
 fluous. But it is in- 
 teresting to note 
 how much has been 
 accomplished by the 
 gentleman whose 
 ]uctureis reproduced 
 on this page. St. 
 Louis has for some 
 years suffered during 
 festivity and conven- 
 tion seasons from a 
 lack of hotel accom- 
 modations, (in these 
 occasions the St. 
 James has done more 
 than its share of the 
 work of entertain- 
 ing, and the numer- 
 ous boarders ha\e 
 cheerfully co-oper- 
 ated in the work of 
 hospitalit)-. 
 
 Havdkl, Dr. Fraxci.s L. — St. Lonis has 
 been fortunate in the men who have filled tht- 
 real estate ranks, and in none more so than 
 in the man who has the distinction of being 
 at the head of the oldest real estate agency 
 in vSt. Louis. The firm of Haydel & Son, of 
 which he is the head, was known for many 
 years as John Byrne, Jr., & Company. It was 
 established more than half a century ago by 
 Mr. John Byrne, Jr., who came to St. Louis 
 from New York in 1h;?9 and opened up a real 
 estate business the following \ear. The subject 
 
n/0(,RA/'/f/CA /. APPRNDfX. 
 
 4.'.", 
 
 of tliis sketch became associated in business 
 with Mr. Byrne just at the end of tlie war, 
 relieving the founder of much of the hard work. 
 The latter, however, always declined to retire 
 entireh- from business until he had completed 
 his se\eut\-fifth year, and durin.t^ the remaining 
 nine \ears of his life he took a great interest in 
 the firm, enjoying up to almost tlie day of his 
 death quite a reputation as an expert in values. 
 Every western historian of the time consulted 
 Mr. Hyrne frequently, and liis knowledge of 
 local histor\' and the 
 
 Louis, and es]x-cially for the real estate fraternity. 
 For many years he was a director and indeed a 
 guiding spirit in the old .St. Louis Real Instate 
 Kxcliange, and it is interesting to note that liis 
 sou, .Mr. H. L. Haydel, is now taking an equally 
 ])rominent interest in the real estate exchange 
 of to-day. 
 
 The firm with which Mr. IIa\'del lias been 
 connected for many years is as important as it 
 is old-established. When its principal first 
 went into business there was little specula- 
 tion, and the most 
 
 current events oi 
 a h a If cent u r \- 
 crowded with oc- 
 currences of startling 
 importance was 
 remarkable. 
 
 Mr. Ha>del was 
 l)oru in vSt. James 
 Parish, Louisiana, 
 in I.Sr^'S. He was 
 educated at St. 
 Xavier's College, 
 Cincinnati, and later 
 at Pope's Medical 
 College, as the St. 
 Louis Medical Col- 
 lege was then called. 
 Ha\ing obtained his 
 degree he took 
 charge of the pulilic 
 dispensary, but later 
 returned to his native 
 State and earned 
 ([uite a reputaticm ;: 
 returned to St. Loi 
 with his father-in-l;i 
 alreadv stated. Sinc( 
 medicine entirely, ; 
 clings to him. His 
 
 ipon 
 •^ted 
 
 uit 
 
 rk cor 
 
 lectin 
 
 ■; a plusician. hi l.si;.'i he 
 is and associated himself 
 iv, Mr. John Byrne, Jr., as 
 that time he has abandoned 
 Ithongh his old title still 
 oldest son, Harry L. Hay- 
 del, has been a.ssociated with him in business 
 for the last fifteen years, and four years ago the 
 1)1(1 name of John Hyrne, Jr., & Company was 
 ilroi)ped and that of Haydel & Son assumed. 
 
 In some respects Dr. Haydel's life has been 
 uneventful, but he has done good work for St. 
 
 estates. C.radually 
 the scope of the 
 operations enlarged, 
 until now Haydel & 
 .Son are cons])icnons 
 in almost e\ery line 
 of b n s i 11 e s s con- 
 nected with realty. 
 b'or many years the 
 lending of money on 
 deeds of trust has 
 been a specialty, and 
 several millions of 
 eastern capital ha\-e 
 been placed by the 
 house where they 
 liave brought good 
 r e t u r n s for liie 
 investors and also 
 enabled the borrow- 
 ers to embark iu euteriuises and effect imiirove- 
 ments of immense importance to the city. 
 
 The reputation for conservatism and probity 
 which both past and present members of tlie firm 
 have always enjo)-ed has also led to very large 
 sums of money being placed in their liands for 
 investment at their discretion, .\lways quick 
 to read the direction in which high-class 
 improvements were traveling, Mr. Haydel has 
 been able to place his clients' money in such a 
 manner as to enable them to reap very sub- 
 stantial returns without proportionate risk. 
 
 HAM)hl 
 
456 
 
 OLD AND NEW Sr. LOUIS. 
 
 Haydel & Son are now giving special attention 
 to one of the most picturesque suburban districts 
 of St. Louis. This is Fairview Park, on the line 
 of the new electric railroad to Kirkwood, and a 
 subdivision which has the benefit of electric 
 lights and improvements of by no means an ordi- 
 narv character. 
 
 s a 2:)rominent mem- 
 •ood lumber business, 
 such great 
 
 a\e assumed 
 
 Hkllkr, Michakl J., 
 ber of the St. Louis hard\ 
 whose proportions 1 
 magnitude during 
 the last few years. 
 Although quite a 
 young man, Mr. Hel- 
 ler is held in high 
 repute by his associ- 
 ates in business, and 
 is regarded as one of 
 the shrewdest and 
 most reliable buyers 
 in the trade. 
 
 He was born in 
 St. Louis November 
 24, 1867, being the 
 son of Michael and 
 Elizabeth Heller. 
 His father's name is 
 well known to those 
 w h o have studied 
 the history of St. 
 Louis during the 
 last fifty years. He 
 was for many )-ears ^, , ,, 
 
 the senior member 
 
 of the well-known firm of Heller & Hoffman, 
 chair manufacturers, relinquishing his interest 
 in that concern a few months ago, when he pur- 
 chased the St. Louis Glue Company's works. 
 Before the adoption of the scheme and charter 
 which made St. Louis an independent city with 
 no county affiliations, he was a judge of the 
 county court, and he discharged his duties with 
 great ability and with satisfaction to all. After 
 retiring from the bench he retained his reputa- 
 tion for judicial ability, and also made a great 
 reputation as a successful and exceedingly 
 
 enterprising chair and furniture manufacturer. 
 Mr. Michael J. Heller, the subject of this 
 notice, was educated in and graduated from that 
 great institution of learning, the St. Louis Uni- 
 versity, in 1884. L^pon leaving college, with 
 the business energy inherited from his father, he 
 entered the employment of Methudy S: Meyer, 
 the leading hardwood lumber dealers of the city 
 at that time, with whom he remained until 1887. 
 In that year he organized the firm of Smith & 
 Heller, associating his interests in the hardwood 
 lumber business with 
 William M. Smith. 
 
 He sold his inter- 
 est in this firm Jan- 
 uary, 18!t3, and in- 
 corporated the M.J. 
 Heller Lumber Com- 
 pany, of which he 
 holds the position of 
 secretary and treas- 
 urer. That firm has 
 achieved a gratify- 
 ing success, a n d 
 stands financially 
 and otherwise among 
 the strong firms who 
 give character and 
 widespread i n f 1 n - 
 ence to the mercan- 
 tile and industrial 
 operations of this 
 great interior city. 
 1 1 I _, An inviting future is 
 
 before h i m, a n d 
 while he grasps the energies of present activities 
 in commerce and the industries, he can look 
 forward witli confidence in his own integrity 
 and courage. 
 
 S.\uKRBRrxN, Georgk. — George Sauerbrunu 
 is one of the many German-American citizens 
 of St. Louis who have done so much to make the 
 western metropolis, and who have been so gener- 
 ally successful. The subject of this biography, 
 the son of Val and Christiana Sauerbrunn, was 
 born in Ba\aria, Germany, April 14, 18.')7. He 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 came to America with his ])arents wlicu four 
 years old, and spent his early youth in Cape 
 Girardeau county, where his parents settled. 
 There he received a good education, leaving 
 school at the age of sixteen to establish his own 
 fortune. 
 
 He at once apprenticed himself to a firm to 
 learn the bricklayer's trade, serving an appren- 
 ticeship of three years, or until a foremanship 
 was offered him by James Stewart, whose men 
 he directed for three years. In l.HiSo he 
 determined to enter 
 business for himself, 
 and since then has 
 conducted a general 
 brick contracting 
 business in a manner 
 that has made him 
 wealthy. 
 
 With the contract- 
 ing business he soon 
 combined various 
 deals in real estate 
 and the construction 
 of buildings on his 
 own account, and as 
 a result he is now 
 the owner of many 
 valuable buildings 
 in \arious parts of 
 the city. He has 
 built many of the 
 residences in \'ande- 
 venter place and 
 along Leffingwell 
 
 and Hell avenues, and built the West Kud Hotel, 
 which has proved such a great cou\-enieuce in 
 
 Mr. Sauerbrunu is also heavily interested in 
 tile .Sauerbrunu Wagon and Carriage Company, 
 and is the president of that corporation. In 
 fraternal circles he is an influential member of 
 the Knights of Pythias, and is also a member of 
 the Order of ..?igis. 
 
 -Mr. Sauerbrunu was married to Miss ICmnui 
 Lohide, daughter of Chas. Lohide, of St. Louis, 
 in l.ssi. They have five children. 
 
 QEORQE SAUERBRUNN. 
 
 Daltox, Hon. Richard .M. — Like .so many 
 men who have risen to marked success and have 
 left the impress of their individuality on the 
 affairs of this republic, Hon. Richard M. Dal- 
 ton is a native of Ireland, and like .so many other 
 of the strong and virile class of men that countrv 
 has given to this, he has worked his wa\- from 
 the bottom to the top — is the architect of his own 
 fortune. He was born February ;i, l.S4;j, in 
 Tipperary, and while he was yet a babe his 
 parents joined the tide setting toward the New 
 World, finding a 
 resting place at Leb- 
 anon, Ohio. There 
 the father, John 
 Dal ton, died, and 
 the widow, whose 
 maiden name was 
 Maria Armstrong, 
 afterward moved to 
 St. Louis, Missouri. 
 When the war broke 
 out, young Dick, 
 though but a boy of 
 si.xteen years, was 
 among the first to 
 offer his .services to 
 h i s country. He 
 enlisted in the Third 
 Missouri Cavalry, 
 and for four years 
 did hard and gallant 
 service throughout 
 Missouri, Arkansas 
 and Louisiana, and 
 was discharged after the ces.satiou of hostilities, 
 in August, l^i!'). He served under Col. John 
 M. (ilover and (icueral Steele. 
 
 Owing to the death of his father and the 
 straitened circumstances of his family, he was 
 compelled to help earn a support for him.self and 
 mother's family instead of going to school in his 
 vonth. After the war he determined to repair 
 to some extent this neglect of early education, 
 and accordingly went to Hamilton, Ohio, where 
 a brother lived, and attended school for some 
 time. In 1«()(J he returned to Mis.souri, locating 
 
458 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 in Ralls coiiiitw He sous^ht work and found it 
 as a farm hand, but he was not by any means 
 satisfied to remain in such a position, and was 
 soon at work trying to better his condition. He 
 was ambitious to become a lawyer, and began 
 study by borrowing books of friendly attorneys 
 and poring over them between the hours of 
 regular labor. It is shown that he was a most 
 industrious student by the fact that in LSiiX he 
 passed his examination and was admitted to the 
 bar at the county seat, New London. He 
 enjoyed a good practice from the start, and was 
 so prosperous that in ISTli he was enabled to 
 buy a farm in Ralls county and retire thereto, 
 as he felt himself drawn in an irresistible way 
 to the soil. 
 
 He still continued the practice of law, how- 
 ever, and as he had always taken a deep inter- 
 est in politics, his influence in that field is now 
 beginning to be felt. This resulted in his 
 election to the Thirty-sixth General Assembly, • 
 and as chairman of the ways and means com- 
 mittee he made a record that stamped him as a 
 man of political ability and understanding. 
 From 188X to 18S)() he was a member of the 
 Democratic State Central Committee, and by his 
 work as such proved himself a thorough poli- 
 tician. Such had become his prominence in 
 State affairs that at the solicitation of thousands 
 of friends he decided to become a candidate for 
 governor. He made a most brilliant campaign, 
 and led his competitors from the beginning. 
 He went into the convention at Jefferson City 
 with a plurality of the votes, and held them 
 through several ballots. His friends stuck to 
 him loyally, but through the defection of the 
 other delegates to Stone, the latter was given 
 the nomination. Nothing .showed the magna- 
 nimity and broad liberality of Mr. Dalton so 
 much as the hearty support he gave to his erst- 
 while opponent. He made a thorough canvass 
 of the State and the big Democratic majoritv 
 given to Stone must be largely credited to Dal- 
 ton. His part>- loyalty and fidelity had attracted 
 the attention of President Cleveland, and May 
 23, 18H;-i, he was named as surveyor of the port 
 and collector of customs at St. Louis, and has 
 
 held the office since his confirmation by the 
 Senate. From what he has already done it is 
 predicted that a bright political future awaits 
 him. 
 
 Mr. Dalton is a Ma.son, Royal Arch Chapter, 
 and Knight Templar, is a member of the Legion 
 of Honor, of the Royal Arcanum and Knight of 
 Maccabees. 
 
 Deceniber 21, 18()9, he was married to Mary 
 Rebecca Biggs, of Ralls county, who gave him 
 two boys and died in 1880. In 1882 he was 
 married to his present wife, who was Mrs. Lucy 
 W. Card, of Ralls connt>-. 
 
 Ram.skv, Charlk.s K., is the son of John and 
 Mary P. ( Kirkpatrick ) Ramsey. He wasborn 
 at Monticello (now Godfrey), Madison county, 
 Illinois, March 'li, 181.'); came to St. Louis 
 with his jjarents in 1S49; was educated in the 
 public schools and Lyman Institute of this 
 city, and after taking a special course at Wash- 
 ington University went to Europe in ISdii, and 
 studied architecture in Paris. 
 
 Returning from Paris in the fall uf ISTO, Mr. 
 Ramsey opened an office and went into business 
 on his own account. Afterwards he was in part- 
 nership with Mr. F'. Wm. Raeder ( Raeder & 
 Ramsey), and then with W. Albert Swasey 
 ( Ramsey & Swase>), and subsequently alone. 
 
 Many of the handsomest and most co.stly res- 
 idences, and a number of the largest buildings 
 used for manufacturing and business purposes 
 in this city were planned and erected by Mr. 
 Ramsey, and are standing and enduring testi- 
 monials of his superior architectural skill and 
 abilit\-. Notably among these nia\- be men- 
 tioned the splendid private residences of (Gov- 
 ernor D. R. Francis, John D. Perry, and Ed- 
 ward Mallinckrodt, at Vandeventer place; George 
 Wainwright, on Delmar avenue, and Mrs. Ames, 
 on Lindell a\-enue; the Houser Building, the Cat- 
 lin Tobacco F'actory, the warehouse of John A. 
 Scudder, and the magnificent new office palace, 
 the Wainwright Building, at the northwest corner 
 of Seventh and Chestnut streets ; and also the 
 Union Trust Building, in which Messrs. Adler& 
 Sullivan, of Chicago, were associated with him. 
 
ni( n .RAP I lit A A APPENDIX. 
 
 .Mr. Ramsey is also snperiiileiukiit of con- 
 struction of buildings for the ruited .States 
 government in this city. 
 
 The name of Mr. Ramsey is to be found on the 
 rolls of the Masonic order, the Knights Tem- 
 plars, the Legion of Honor, and the Knights of 
 Hduor, in all oi which societies he is active. 
 
 HKi.LMrXH, Philip Frank, is one of the most 
 ]io]nilar and competent dental surgeons in St. 
 Louis. This talented young dentist is not yet 
 forty years of age, 
 having been born in 
 this city in the year 
 IS.Vt, two years after 
 his parents, who 
 were natives of Crer- 
 nuui\-, had located in 
 St. Louis. His fa- 
 ther, Mr. Matthias 
 H e 1 1 m u t h , was a 
 prominent ci\il engi- 
 neer in the employ of 
 the (lermau govern- 
 ment, and his moth- 
 er, Mrs. Regina (Mor- 
 genstern ) Hellmuth, 
 was the daughter of 
 a iiromineutCierman 
 citizen. 
 
 In l.s.')7 .\[r. and 
 Mrs. Hellmuth 
 ni()\ed to Lebanon, 
 Illinois, and it was 
 in I h e c n ni ui o n 
 schools of that cit\- th 
 educational training, 
 inelimin 
 
 t Philip received Ins first 
 .\fter acquiring a good 
 education he entered the seminary 
 at St. James, IMissouri, where he remained until 
 he was seventeen years of age, when he became 
 associated with Dr. Louis G. Howard, at Leb- 
 anon, Missouri, where they o])eued a dental 
 office. 
 
 He remained for two years with Dr. Howard, 
 and in 1878 moved to Highland, Illinois, where 
 he ojiened an office on his own account. 
 
 During these years of early work Dr. Ilell- 
 
 uuith found time to carry on a systeuuitic course 
 of study at the Missouri Dental College, and in 
 1X78 he took the degree of L.D.S., passing his 
 examination in a highly creditable manner. 
 vStill persevering in his studies, he in the vear 
 1879 took the degree of D.D.S., and in IXIKI 
 graduated as a ]diysician in the St. Louis Med- 
 ical College, taking the degree of M.I). with 
 honors. 
 
 Since the year LSIM) Dr. Ilelhnuth has been 
 practicing both in St. Louis and at Highland, 
 Illinois, in both of 
 which cities he is 
 exceedingly popular 
 aiul much respected. 
 He is a prominent 
 member of the St. 
 Louis Dental Soci- 
 ety ami the St. Louis 
 Medical Societ\-, of 
 the .v. (). r. \V. 
 and of the Knights 
 of Honor, and is one 
 of the most popular 
 members of his pro- 
 fession in the city. 
 He is also, at this 
 date, lecturer in the 
 Woman's Medical 
 College on dental 
 pathologv and oral 
 surgery. 
 
 The Doctor niar- 
 
 Miiti. Mil. ried in the year 187() 
 
 Miss .\dele Bandy, 
 
 and has two children, Kdgar and Philip, both 
 
 heaUliy, active and iutelligeul boys. 
 
 0'H.\R.\, Hk.xrv — The subject of this brief 
 sketch was born June 1, 1844. He left his 
 parents at the age of eleven years and located 
 at New Utricht,on Long Island, Xew York, and 
 in this little town he attended school until he 
 was sixteen years of age. 
 
 When he reached that age, it was ju.st that 
 ])eriod of change and unrest which preceded 
 that mighty upheaval known in history as the 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 civil war. The hoy was infected by this lest- 
 lessness, and bidding adieu to the friends witli 
 whom he had lived so long, he set out into the 
 world to win his own fortune. His first jour- 
 ney was a long one, and ended at New Orleans, 
 where he began his search for work. Having 
 inherited a strong physique, he was stronger 
 than the average man, and was, therefore, able 
 to secure and hold a job as fireman on the New 
 Orleans, Jackson &; Great Northern Railroad. 
 He performed the arduous duties of this task so 
 well and faithfully that he drew upon himself 
 the recognition of his superiors, and within a 
 very short time was given charge of a construc- 
 tion train. 
 
 However, he ran this train but a very 
 short time, as the war was then fairl}^ inaugu- 
 rated and he could not resist the impulsive 
 promptings of his patriotism. Therefore, leav- 
 ing his train he enlisted in his country's defense, 
 joining the artillery branch of the service, under 
 General Dahlgren. Later he was changed to 
 the command of General Gardner. His alert- 
 ness and courage soon won him promotion, 
 and he was made guide of artillery. In a short 
 time he was still further promoted to the rank 
 of lieutenant. At the fiercely contested battle 
 of Decatur he was wounded almost to death, 
 one of his legs being shot away. But this calam- 
 ity did not dispirit him in the least, seeming 
 rather to increase his enthusiasm and add to 
 his courage, for after leaving the hospital he 
 secured an artificial leg, returned to his com- 
 pany and served gallantly until peace was de- 
 clared. When the surrender took place he was 
 at Demopolis, Alabama, and was there honor- 
 ably discharged. 
 
 Casting about for a livelihood after peace was 
 declared, he began by going into the lumber 
 business, a good opening having offered at Brook 
 Haven, Mississippi. This venture proved very 
 successful and he remained at Brook Haven until 
 liS74. In this year he visited St. Louis on 
 business connected with lumber, and was so 
 favorably impressed with the city that it resulted 
 in his removal and permanent location here. 
 Two years later, or in 187(), he accepted a re- 
 
 sponsible position in connection with the car 
 service of the Cairo Short Line, where he con- 
 tinued until 1891, and then resigned the place 
 to accept the presidency of the St. Louis, Chi- 
 cago & St. Paul, commonly called the "Bluff 
 Line." A year previous to this change, or in 
 1890, he was elected president of that vast inter- 
 est known as the Union Refrigerating Compan\', 
 with its capital of $2,(M)(),0()0. He is also pres- 
 ident and largest stockholder of the Landsburg 
 Brake Company. All these responsibilities he 
 has administered with signal abilit\', showing 
 conclusively that he is a man with talent to 
 successfully engineer great enterprises, and a 
 man to whom others naturally look as a leader. 
 Besides the above named undertakings, he is 
 largely interested in the Hick's Stock Car Com- 
 pany and a number of large car building com- 
 panies. 
 
 He belongs to two fraternal societies, the Le- 
 gion of Honor and the Knights of Honor. His 
 marriage took place in 1882, to Miss Eliza P. 
 Howland, of Sondovel. They have had six 
 children, the names of the five living ones being: 
 Buelah, Gertrude, Henry, Jr., Benjamin Harri- 
 son, and Onedia. 
 
 ]\Ir. O'Hara is yet in the prime of life, yet 
 few men attain such a success as his in an en- 
 tire life-time. His success, too, is all due to his 
 own efforts and has been fairly and honesth' 
 earned. He is of that class to whom, in a coun- 
 try where merit alone is used as a standard of 
 measure, Americans accord a special honor — 
 the self-made man. Most men encounter obsta- 
 cles in their careers which they are never able 
 to surmount ; he has laughed at every adverse 
 circumstance that would inevitably have dis- 
 couraged men of less strength of character, 
 while adversity has come but to increase his 
 courage. He is a genial, optimistic, a good 
 companion and an unfailing friend. He is a 
 man of great will-power, is endowed with fine 
 mental faculties, and while he seems especially 
 adapted to the railroad business, he has those 
 elements of superiority within him which would 
 make his success certain in any calling of life 
 he mio;ht have chosen. 
 
— jrS^j^^^t-t-^y 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 Harti.icv, William H. — The sul)ject of this 
 sketch is the junior member of the brick con- 
 tractino- firm of Ward & Hartley. Like Mr. 
 \\'ard, he has a thorough and practical under- 
 standing of the business which he conducts, 
 having came to such knowledge of its details 
 by making it a regular occupation and making 
 tlie start at the beginning. After all, such 
 thorough knowledge is almost absolutely neces- 
 sary to success in any line of business whatso- 
 ever. He is a native of St. Louis, wherein he 
 was Ijorn in l.S(i2. 
 He spent his youth 
 at home and at the 
 liul)lic schools, or 
 until he had attained 
 the strength to go 
 to work. 
 
 His father was a 
 bricklayer, being 
 considered a leader 
 in his trade, and was 
 for many >-ears fore- 
 man for Anthony 
 Ittner; and young 
 William determined 
 tc) follow the trade 
 of his father. He 
 ])ragressed so rapidly 
 in his chosen field 
 that he was .soon 
 rated as the fastest 
 la\er of "stock" 
 brick in St. Louis. w m. m 
 
 For several years 
 
 .Mr. Hartley had personal cliarge of important 
 details of the work of Mr. Ward, his present 
 partner. vSix vears ago he was advanced from 
 the post of emplove to ]>anuer, and since then 
 has given his entire attention to the brick con- 
 tracting business. 
 
 The firm is recognized as standing at the to]> 
 of its business, and recently secured the brick 
 contract for both the new City Hall and the 
 new Union Station. In l.s!M) Mr. Hartley was 
 married to Miss Marie Bruner, who, however, 
 died within two years after her wedding day. 
 
 GoTTSCHALK, Frkdkrick, was born in Wez- 
 lar, Rhenish Pru.ssia, August H, 1«2X. Both 
 his father and mother, Charles and Margaret 
 ( Luther) Gottschalk, lived to a mature old age, 
 the former dying in IXli.") and the latter in IHiiT. 
 Young Frederick was educated in tlie e.xcellent 
 schools of his native land, and for four years, 
 or until he decided to emigrate to America, ■ 
 made his living by teaching school in F'rance. 
 When he reached America in 1 ><.")() he .settled in 
 Cincinnati, but within three months went to 
 iM-ankfort, Ken- 
 lucky. 
 
 In the latter city 
 he met Miss .Susan 
 Ilolenian, to whom 
 lie was married in 
 IS.-, I. In I.S.-,4 he 
 moved to Louisville, 
 Kentuckv, and hav- 
 ing before this de- 
 termined to adopt 
 the law as a profes- 
 sion, he entered the 
 law school of the 
 Louisville Uni- 
 versity, and gradu- 
 ated in 18.")5. In 
 !«.")« he again sought 
 a new field, hanging 
 out his shingle at 
 Dubuque, Iowa, 
 which city later 
 elected him city at- 
 torney. .\l the first 
 call of troops to jjut down the rebellion, Mr. 
 Cxottschalk enlisted in the First Iowa Infantry, 
 and went to the field as captain of Company H. 
 In the same year he was wounded in the battle 
 of Wilson's Creek and compelled to return to 
 his home at Dubuque, where, after his wound 
 had healed, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel 
 of the Twelfth Iowa Infantry; declining to for- 
 swear his Democratic principles, the governor 
 refused to deliver his commission, and he again 
 took up the practice of law. 
 
 In 1870 the Captain came to St. Louis, where 
 
462 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 his brother, Judge Louis Gottschalk, was made 
 circuit judge. Captain Gottschalk then took 
 into partnership his son, Edward L., who is a 
 graduate of the St. Louis Law School, and 
 together they have built up a remunerative 
 business. In his practice Captain Gottschalk is 
 a painstaking and reliable attorney, and is a 
 citizen who has always taken a deep interest in 
 public affairs. 
 
 To his first wife, who died in 1.S70, four sous 
 were born — Edward L. is his father's partner, 
 Alfred is in the mer- 
 cantile business, 
 Frederick is a printer 
 and William is dead. 
 
 In 1872 Captain 
 Gottschalk married 
 again, his bride be- 
 ing Ottilie Sew^ald, 
 widow of A. Reip- 
 schlager. They have 
 
 however, as he was offered a situation as the 
 salesman for the real estate firm of Terry &. Scott, 
 but he was soon convinced that only by entering 
 business on his own account could he attain the 
 success to which he aspired, and in September, 
 185K), he accordingly opened a real estate office 
 in Carondelet, making insurance also a feature 
 of his business. 
 
 Shortly before his death, the business was in- 
 corporated under the title of Carondelet Real 
 Estate Company, with Mr. Lange as president. 
 He was a young man 
 of remarkable busi- 
 ness activity, and 
 besides holding a 
 membership in the 
 Mercantile Club, was 
 also a member of the 
 Merchant s' \\ x- 
 chaugc,aud was a di- 
 rector of the vSouth- 
 
 two children. 
 
 LAXGK, Wll.I.IA.M 
 
 B., a prominent 
 South St. Louis man , 
 who was cut off just 
 at the outset of his 
 usefulness, in Janu- 
 ary, 1894, before he 
 had completed his 
 twenty-sixth year, 
 did a great deal to 
 
 bring S o u t h S t. william b 
 
 Louis interests to 
 
 the front during his brief but enterprising career 
 as a real estate operator. He was the son of 
 William C. and Matilda ( Follenins ) Lange, and 
 was born in St. Louis, February 27, 18(>8. He 
 received his elementary education in the public 
 schools and then entered the celebrated Uni- 
 versity of Michigan, from which he graduated 
 in the class of 188!t. 
 
 On his return to St. Louis he was elected to 
 the secretaryship of the Real Estate Exchange, 
 and this was the beginning of his real estate 
 career. He held the position only a short time, 
 
 eru Commercial and 
 Savings Bank. He 
 was also honored by 
 appointment to a 
 membership on the 
 Mnllanphy Board in 
 18111, in which )ear 
 he was also a candi- 
 date for the School 
 Board. 
 
 Mr. Lange was 
 married in Decem- 
 ber, 1889, to Miss 
 Florence G., daugh- 
 ter of Mr. .\. W. Alexander, of this city. His 
 death occurred very suddenly in January, l.s;i4. 
 
 CjI.KNNN', Johx, son of Sauuiel and .Vuna 
 (Hilt) Gleuny, was born in Lebanon, Ohio, 
 March l>, 1>>27. Mr. vSamuel Gleuny was of 
 Irish descent, and was born in New Jersey in 
 the year 1804. Mrs. (jlenu)- was born in New 
 Jersey in the year 1801 of English parents. She 
 is still living and is held in very high regard b)- 
 an immense number of relatives and friends. 
 
 ;\Ir. John tileuny's early days were spent in 
 
RIOCRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 4(13 
 
 the Stale of Oliio, and lie was educated at the 
 ]ml)lic schools of Lebanon, going through an 
 entire course and graduating at the age of fif- 
 teen. Even at that very early age he developed 
 strong mercantile instincts, and liad been in busi- 
 ness on his own account for four years when he 
 attained his majority. His first commercial vent- 
 ure was in the slaughtering and pork packing busi- 
 ness, in which he continued at Lebanon until he 
 was twent\ -twi) years of age, when he came to 
 St. Louis, feeling that he had acquired sufficient 
 k now! edge of the 
 l>usiness to ctnuluct 
 it in a nietrojiolitan 
 city with large dis- 
 Ivibutiug facilities. 
 
 In the year bs.")(i 
 he established the 
 firm of ]\loone\-, 
 Clenuy & Company, 
 in the Udrlli end of 
 this city, the firm 
 doing a very large 
 business in ])ork and 
 continuing without 
 a change in the firm 
 
 latter year, .Mr. 
 Cilenuy disjiosed of 
 his interest in the 
 firm, and purchased 
 t h e grocery estab- 
 1 i s h m e n t at the 
 corner of vSeventh joh\ . 
 
 and Olive, changing 
 
 the Inisiue.ss title of the house to .Merry & 
 (ileuny. This firm continued business for fif- 
 teen \-ears with great success, ranking among 
 the leading grt)cery fi 
 the war. 
 
 In 1«7() he devoted 
 ness, establishing the firm of (ileuny I'.rothers, 
 at 112 North Si.xth street. The brothers intro- 
 duced into the city new methods in the glass 
 trade, and by handling an immense sti-)ck, and 
 selling at exceediugK- rea.sonable prices, they 
 managed to build up one of the largest gla.ss 
 
 ,f thecilv all th 
 ^elf to the glass 
 
 establishments in the city. In the vear 1SS4 it 
 was deemed advisable to still further increase the 
 capacity of the firm, and it was accordingly in- 
 corporated as the Cilenuy Brothers Glass Com- 
 pany, with a capital stock of $;")(), OOO. :Mr. John 
 (ileuny was elected president, Mr. S. H. (ilenn\-, 
 vice-president, and Mr. William .\. Rulter, 
 secretary. .At the same time the firm mo\ed to 
 larger and more convenient ])remisesat Nos. 217 
 and "ill! South Sixth street, where the company 
 now carries on an exceedingly large and profit- 
 able business in glass 
 of every description, 
 the firm making a 
 s])ecialtv of window 
 glass. ■ 
 
 During his life- 
 time Mr.C.lenny was 
 regarded in the glass 
 trade as one of the 
 ablest and best in- 
 formed men in the 
 business, and he was 
 liighh- respected by 
 a large circle of 
 friends. In addition 
 to hissnccess in busi- 
 ness, Mr.Glenny has 
 done yeoman service 
 in St. Louis in be- 
 half of a number of 
 organizations and so- 
 cieties with wliich he 
 I ^^^ was connected al- 
 
 most from boyhood. 
 He was a verv enthusiastic Mason, and was a 
 member of the (ieorge Washington Lodge, Xo. 
 '.I, .\. I'', and .\. M., from its organization until 
 his death. I""or forty-four years he was an active 
 memi)er also of the .Vncient Order of United 
 Workmen, and was treasurer of the .\. F. and 
 .v. W. Lodge for over twenty-five years. He was 
 also a member of the St. Louis R. A. Chapter, 
 No. s, and of the Hiram Council, No. 1, of R. 
 and S. Masters, as well as of the St. Louis Com - 
 manderv. No. 1. h"or over thirty years he was 
 treasurer of the comniandery, and his attention 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 to the business of the order was productive of 
 immense good to all connected with it. Mr. 
 Glenny was a great believer in members of so- 
 cieties attending lodge meetings, and he had a 
 record in one of his societies of not having 
 missed a meeting for upwards of twenty years. 
 Among other organizations designed for the 
 benefit of non-capitalists, he was a member of 
 the Garrison Mutual Building and Loan Associa- 
 tion, and as president of that institution, suc- 
 ceeded in elevating it to a very high rank among 
 building associations generally, the association 
 being regarded as one of the soundest in the 
 West. 
 
 He married in the year 1.S52 Miss ]\Iaretta W. 
 Hall, daughter of Mr. John H. Hall, one of the 
 pioneers of St. Louis, he having resided in the 
 city since the year IX-IO. Mrs. Glenny died in 
 the year 18fi(i, leaving seven children — five boys 
 and two girls. In 18(j8 Mr. Glenny married 
 Mrs. Henrietta Friedenburgh, of St. Louis, and 
 by his second marriage Mr. Glenny has one 
 daughter, Clara Jessie G. Mr. Glenny's death 
 occurred April 14, 18!*4, after having lived a life 
 of singular fidelity to himself and exceptional 
 usefulness to his fellow-man. 
 
 PiRiE, Andrew Hud.sox, son of James A. 
 and Eliza H. (Hudson) Pirie, was born at 
 Hartford, Connecticut, July 30, 185t). His 
 parents moved to Milwaukee when he was quite 
 young, Mr. Pirie being engaged in the banking 
 and insurance business. Hudson received an 
 education in a high-grade private school in Mil- 
 waukee, and made his start in life as a clerk in 
 a grain and commission house. His next work 
 was as traveling salesman, at which he achieved 
 great success. In 1884 he came to St. Louis, 
 and was appointed secretary and treasurer of the 
 Garrison-Chappell-Pirie Paper Company. This 
 corporation is now known as the St. Louis 
 Paper Company, of which Mr. Pirie is still sec- 
 retary and treasurer. 
 
 Mr. Pirie is a Republican in politics, and an 
 active member of the St. Mark's Episcopalian 
 Church. He is a sound business man and has 
 worked hard in the interests of the firm of which 
 
 he is a member, and which is now known 
 throughout the West and Southwest as one of 
 the most substantial paper houses in existence. 
 
 Mr. Pirie married in 1884 Miss Lillie Garri- 
 son, daughter of Mr. Oliver Garrison. 
 
 McCoRMiCK, D.wiD, was born on April 1, 
 1864, at Winchester, Virginia. His ancestry, 
 both on the paternal and maternal side, is note- 
 worthy as one pre-eminently distinguished. His 
 father, Dr. William A. McCormick, was a native 
 of Pennsyh-ania, yet in his youth he made Win- 
 chester, \'irginia, his home. He was a graduate 
 of Yale, receiving the degree of M.D., and also 
 of the Philadelphia College of Dentistry. Among 
 his classmates and companions was Governor 
 Curtin, known as "Pennsylvania's War Gov- 
 ernor." His health failing, he adopted the pro- 
 fession of dentistry, to which he devoted the 
 greater part of his active life. At the time of 
 his death, March 22, 1893, he was secretary and 
 treasurer of the Winchester and Potomac Rail- 
 road Company, which position he had held for 
 some years prior. 
 
 David McCormick's mother, Charlotte Fou- 
 shee-Parker, was a native of Virginia. She was 
 a direct descendant of the celebrated family of 
 Parkers known as the Navy Parkers of England, 
 and Earl of Mclnsfield. Again, David McCor- 
 mick is a great-grandson, on his maternal side, 
 of Dr. William Foushee, of Richmond, \'irginia, 
 who, in his day, was widely known and ranked 
 pre-eminent in the editorial field. 
 
 David McCormick received his primary educa- 
 tion at the public schools of Winchester, \'ir- 
 ginia. While engaged in the study of ci\il 
 engineering, preparatory to entering the navy, 
 he went to old ]\Iexico, where he worked upon 
 the Mexican National Railway, and while still 
 a youth he was entrusted with the management 
 of fi\-e thousand Mexicans and Indians employed 
 upon this work. 
 
 Upon returning from his visit to Winchester, 
 young McCormick located in the timber regions 
 of Niido, which supplied the building, bridge 
 and tie timbers for the southern end of the 
 Mexican Central. Later he was engaged as 
 
rUOC.RA PHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 engineer on the Guadalajara, which is the Pa- 
 cific division of tlie railroad; whereupon he was 
 appointed engineer and superintendent for the 
 contracting firm of Wieser & Friesch, building 
 the heavy part of the main line of the ^Mexican 
 Central over the Zacatecas ^Mountain, which 
 connected the northern and southern branches 
 of the road. 
 
 Young McCormick passed the winter of 18S-1 
 in the city of Mexico, and in the spring of the 
 same year came out of Mexico on the first 
 through train ever 
 run from Mexico into 
 the United States. 
 
 Having first passed 
 a few months of rec- 
 reation in Virginia, 
 Baltimore, Ken- 
 tucky, Washington 
 and New York, suc- 
 cessively, lirown- 
 Howard & Company 
 employed him on the 
 building of the New 
 York aqueduct, on 
 which contract he 
 was engaged during 
 the }ear of LSS."). 
 Following this he 
 was sent to Canada, 
 there to look into 
 some silver mining 
 on the north shore 
 of Lake Superior, in ija\:i) ,'. 
 
 what is known as 
 
 the Port Arthur region. In ISST, one year 
 later, the contracting firm of Brown-Howard & 
 Compan\-, who were then constructing the Du- 
 lulh. South Shore & Atlantic Railway, called 
 him to the south shore of Lake Superior, there 
 t^) act as engineer. The latter part of the year 
 1S,S7 found him stationed at Kansas City, where 
 he joined his three brothers, and under the firm 
 name of the McCormick Construction Company 
 they 1)uilt the Eighth street tunnel for the ele- 
 vated railway. He next superintended the 
 construction of the Hiawatha water-works at 
 
 Hiawatha, Kansas. Upon the completion of this 
 contract he entered a field somewhat new, yet 
 entirely in keeping with his previous occupa- 
 tion. After having been in the employ of the 
 paving contracting firm of A. J. McBean & Com- 
 pany, of Chicago, the well-known firm of J. B. 
 Smith & Company of the same place allotted 
 to him the entire management of their paving 
 contracts in Kansas and Missouri, making Kan- 
 sas City his headquarters. He continued in 
 this position until the spring of 18!»1, when the 
 Barber Asphalt Pav- 
 ing Company placed 
 him in charge of the 
 agency of their cor- 
 l)oration at .St. Louis 
 
 CllAI'l'KI,!,, \Vix- 
 TiiRoi' GiL.M.^x, son 
 of John T. and Mary 
 1'",. (Johnson ) Chap- 
 1)011, was born in .St. 
 Louis X()\-eml)er 4, 
 1S.">.;. His father 
 was a well-known 
 Si. Louisan and a 
 UK inber of the Chap- 
 ])ell-\'alle Company 
 until the year IS?."), 
 when he died. 
 
 Young Chappell 
 was educated at Wy- 
 man's Institute, and 
 .uu iicK. '''• '■''^ ^?^ *^^ seven- 
 
 teen left school, and 
 was appointed shipping clerk with Snider & 
 Holmes, then one of the leading paper houses 
 of the West. His advance in the firm was 
 rapid. He was promoted to be entry clerk after 
 a few months' service, then served as city sales- 
 man and finally as head salesman. 
 
 Ill 1884 he left the employment of Snider & 
 Holmes, and, a.ssociating himself with Mr. Gar- 
 rison and Mr. Pirie, started the Garrison-Chap- 
 pell-Pirie Paper Company, of which corporation 
 he was appointed vice-president. Three years 
 later his firm bought out the establishment of 
 
466 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Snider &; Holmes, in which he had learned the 
 business, and changed the name to the St. 
 Louis Paper Company, Mr. Chappell continu- 
 ing vice-president. The company has since 
 bought the paper department of the St. Louis 
 Type Foundry, and has now an enormous con- 
 nection in the printing and newspaper trades 
 west of the Mississippi Valley, with a large 
 number of customers east of the big river. 
 
 Mr. Chappell married, in 1881, Miss Carrie 
 Garrison, daughter of Mr. Oliver Garrison. 
 He is a member of 
 the Royal Arcanum, 
 and also of the 
 Grand Avenue Pres- 
 byterian Church. 
 Although not yet 
 forty years of age, 
 Mr. Chappell's ex- 
 perience in business 
 matters has been ex- 
 ceptionally large, 
 and he is regarded 
 with great esteem 
 by his numerous ac- 
 quaintances. 
 
 TenBroek,Ger- 
 RIT H., the subject 
 of this sketch, was 
 born in St. Louis, 
 and was educated in 
 the common schools 
 and the St. Louis oerrit h 
 
 High School. His 
 
 father was Henry and his mother Gepke ( Die- 
 kenga) Ten Broek. As will be seen by the 
 names, he is of Dutch origin. 
 
 In 1880 he established the Ten Broek Agency, 
 subsequently taking a course at the St. Louis 
 Law School, and being admitted to practice in 
 1886. He has devoted himself principally to 
 the mercantile branch of the law. Through the 
 business of the Ten Broek Agency he became 
 acquainted, either personally or by correspond- 
 ence, with several thousand attorneys scattered 
 all over this country and abroad. The idea of 
 
 uniting these correspondents into a regular or- 
 ganization occurred to him in 188(), and resulted 
 in the formation of the Associated Law Offices, 
 an organization of attorneys aiming to secure, 
 by co-operation, interchange of information and 
 emj^loyment of the same contracted correspond- 
 ents, the highest efficiency in their respective 
 collection departments. 
 
 Mr. Ten Broek has had the satisfaction of see- 
 ing this organization steadily grow in numbers 
 and influence, and its value and eflSciency ac- 
 knowledged by all 
 who are identified 
 with it. In 1885 
 ^Ir. Ten Broek es- 
 tablished The Mer- 
 cantile Adjuster., of 
 which he is .still the 
 editor, and still holds 
 the controllinginter- 
 est. It is a monthly 
 legal publication, is- 
 sued from New York 
 city, containing in- 
 formation of especial 
 interest and value to 
 credit men, collec- 
 tion managers and 
 commercial law}-ers. 
 That there was a 
 place for a magazine 
 of this kind is proven 
 In- the rapid growth 
 i;n liRoiiK. of its circulation, 
 
 nearly (),()00 copies 
 being issued monthly, and circulating not only 
 in the United States, but in every conntr)- in 
 the world which holds commercial relations 
 with this country. 
 
 While residing in St. Louis, Mr. Ten Broek 
 has offices both in this city and New York city, 
 his principal office being in St. Louis in the 
 Turner Building, and his New York office in 
 the Times Building, Park Row. 
 
 Mr. Ten Broek is a Republican in politics, 
 but is not a partisan or a bigot. He was mar- 
 ried in LSito to Miss Frances Colby, of St. Louis, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 4(i7 
 
 and thus it can lie said of him that he is a St. 
 Louis man in e\-ery respect, ha\-in.<^- been Ixnn, 
 educated and married in the city in which he 
 has established such a hi.^li reputation as a 
 hiwyer and le<;al pulilislier. 
 
 FissE, William Edmund, is one of tlie most 
 prominent members of the St. Louis bar. Mis 
 reputation for sterling integrity, as well as for 
 oratory and legal tact, is of the highest, and like 
 his partner, ^Ir. Chas. Claflin Allen, he enjoys 
 the confidence and 
 respect of the legal 
 fraternity and of the 
 mercantile commu- 
 nit>- generally. 
 
 .Mr. Fi.sse is a vSt. 
 Louisan b}- birth, 
 education and pro- 
 fessional connec- 
 tions. His father, 
 Mr. John H. Fisse, 
 was for forty years 
 a \ery prominent 
 man in this city. 
 He not only was 
 \-ery successful in 
 his own affairs, but 
 he showed great dis- 
 interestedness in his 
 actions and devoted 
 an immense amount 
 of energy and ability 
 to public matters. 
 He was constanth- 
 importuned to represent the people in various 
 capacities, and wdien he was prevailed upon to 
 accept nominations, his record invariably justified 
 the confidence, and e.xcused the importunity of 
 his constituents. 
 
 .Mr. W. E. Fisse is not yet forty years of age, 
 he having been born in St. Louis on August 20, 
 \^hl. Naturally a very bright boy, he made 
 excellent progress in the public schools, and then 
 took a very full course at Washington llni\'er- 
 sity, a seat of learning which has turned out so 
 manv of our best-known citizens. Having 
 
 determined to make his mark in the legal pro- 
 fession, Mr. Fisse entered the Cambridge (.Mas- 
 sachusetts) Law School in bsso. Here he 
 pursued his studies with praiseworthy assiduity, 
 and on his return to St. Louis continued to read 
 law and was finally admitted to the bar. 
 
 He did not have to wait long for clients, and 
 very soon established himself as a safe and 
 reliable attorney who gave to his clients' inter- 
 ests conscientious attention at every step. He 
 is, as already mentioned, a member of the firm 
 of Allen & F^isse, the 
 partnership dating 
 from January, lSil2. 
 ^Ir. Fisse has al- 
 read\- commenced to 
 
 WILLIAM EDMUND FISSK. 
 
 folk 
 
 w in the foot- 
 
 ste]) 
 
 ■; of his father. 
 
 and 
 
 the ser\-ice he 
 
 lias 
 
 •endered to the 
 
 I.ul)l 
 
 ic while on the 
 
 Sch( 
 
 >ol P.oard has 
 
 bee I 
 
 of a most \-alu- 
 
 able 
 
 character. He 
 
 has 
 
 nsisted on sound 
 
 business principles 
 
 aclu 
 
 iling not only 
 
 the 
 
 ])olicy of the 
 
 boai 
 
 d, but also its 
 
 every act, and while 
 
 n () t 
 
 ]) o s i n g as a 
 
 the 
 
 )retical econo- 
 
 mist 
 
 , he has opposed 
 
 e\ery attempted ex- 
 
 tra\'agance and 
 
 irregularity, frequently with signal success. 
 
 In October, I.S.S.t, Mr. Fisse married Miss 
 Margaret Dietrich. 
 
 Murphy, D.wid, belongs to that class of 
 those St. Louisans who have raised themselves 
 to their present position by their own unaided 
 efforts, and he is one of the public men and 
 enterprising citizens of the metropolis. He 
 was born in the artillery barracks at Woolwick, 
 where his father, John Murphy, of Belfast, Ire- 
 land, was sergeant of artillerj- and librarian of 
 
468 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 the officers' librar)-. The latter died at New- 
 ark, New Jersey, in 1880; his mother, Ann 
 (Mason) Murphy, preceded her husband, dying 
 in 1877. 
 
 In 1842, when David was very young, his 
 parents sought a new home in America. They 
 located in the old town of Hartford, Connecti- 
 cut, where the boy attended the public schools. 
 Later, in 1844, they removed to New York City, 
 and their son continued his studies in the public 
 schools of that city. When he left the New 
 York schools he went to Lawranceville, New 
 Jersey, and for three years worked on a farm. 
 Concluding he was better fitted to some mechan- 
 ical trade, he left the farm and went to Brook- 
 Ivn, New York, where he worked for a short 
 time at learning the gas-fitter's trade; but it 
 seems that the young man could not easily 
 make up his mind as to an avocation in life, for 
 we find that he stayed in Brooklyn but a short 
 time, and then went to Morrisania, New York, 
 and began learning the carpenter trade, but was 
 compelled by the stagnation of the building 
 business to abandon his desires, and in 1853 he 
 returned to New York City and secured work at 
 driving a street car on the Third Avenue Rail- 
 road; but still pursued by a dissatisfaction with 
 his surroundings, an unrest only through which 
 the condition of mankind has been bettered, ]\Ir. 
 Murphy in 18,t5 left his Third avenue car and 
 went to Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, and began work as 
 a carpenter, pursuing this vocation successfully 
 in the towns of Des Moines, Burlington and 
 Keokuk until 1858, in which year he came to 
 St. Louis and secured work on the IMissouri 
 Pacific Railway, then in process of extension. 
 The next year he changed his location to 
 Franklin county, this State, where he contrived 
 to work at the carpenter trade. But he was 
 ambitious to secure a better education, and in 
 the fall of 1859 began attendance at school. 
 The following summer he taught school, and 
 was still teaching when the war broke out. 
 
 Mr. Murphy was one of the very first to re- 
 spond to the patriotic call. April 20, isiil, he 
 organized a company, which was one of the first 
 bodies of men from the interior to reach St. 
 
 Louis, where the company became a part of 
 Frank P. Blair's First Missouri Volunteer Infan- 
 try. At the battle of Wilson's Creek, August 
 18(il, ;\Ir. Murphy was severely wounded in the 
 knee and was compelled to lie for some time in 
 a hospital. When he had recovered, a vacancy 
 was created especially for the purpose, and he 
 was promoted to be captain of Battery F, First 
 Missouri Light Artillery, Colonel James Totten, 
 who succeeded Colonel F. P. Blair, and sent to 
 Southwest Missouri, serving in that department 
 during the year 1862, when he became connected 
 with the Army of the Frontier. At the battle 
 of Prairie Grove, which was fought December 
 7, 181)2, such was the conspicuous efficiency of 
 the battery commanded by Captain ]\Iurphy, that 
 the latter was, at the special request of General 
 F. J. Herron, elevated to the rank of major of 
 said regiment. In the summer of 18H;-i he was 
 chief of artillery under Major-General Herron 
 at the siege of Vicksburg, and after the capitu- 
 lation of the city returned to St. Louis, but in 
 l.SfU entered .service again, enlisting as first 
 lieutenant and adjutant of the Forty-seventh 
 ;\Iissouri Infantry, Colonel Thos. C. Fletcher, 
 stationed at Pilot Knob. He was assigned to 
 command the artillery in Fort Davidson, and 
 when Price with 12,000 men made his raid 
 through Missouri, Lieutenant Murphy did gal- 
 lant ser\ice in the work of repulsing him. Pro- 
 motion is always certain to find such soldiers as 
 ]Mnrpliy, and he was soon made lieutenant- 
 colonel, and colonel, successively, of the Fif- 
 tieth IMissouri Infantry. As such he had com- 
 mand of the regiment and was inspector-general 
 of the di.strict of St. Louis. 
 
 On being mustered out, he returned to Frank- 
 lin county, where he was appointed circuit attor- 
 ney of the Ninth Judicial District, serving in 
 that capacity until the summer of 1866, when 
 he was made a special agent for Missouri of the 
 post-office department, serving therein until the 
 summer of 1869. In the spring of 1867 Colonel 
 ]\Iurphy established the Franklin county Ob- 
 server, which he edited and published until July, 
 l.S7(), when he determined to devote his entire 
 time and talents to the law as a profession, and 
 
)^^^ />^c:^^^^^iO^ 
 
RlOC.RArUlCAL APPENPfX. 
 
 469 
 
 therefore disposed of the Observer^ and coininj^- 
 to St. lyouis entered the St. Louis I^aw School. 
 In 1871 he graduated, and has since devoted 
 liis attention to regular practice. 
 
 Colonel Murphy being a man of natural abil- 
 ity, it was to be expected that he would ])e 
 called on to occupy- public positions. Among 
 such places, may be mentioned the presidency 
 of the MuUanphy Relief Board, in which he 
 served as a member from 1876 to 1881. In 1882 
 he was appointed circuit attorney of St. Louis, 
 to serve during the 
 disability of the in- 
 ciimbent. In the 
 \ear 18S4 he was 
 nominated for the 
 office of attorney- 
 general for the State 
 of Missouri by the 
 Republican party, 
 and made an active 
 canvass of the State. 
 The same compli- 
 ment was bestowed 
 upon him in 1892. 
 
 In February, 18(>3, 
 Colonel Murphy was 
 married to Miss Ellen 
 F. Foss, of Maine, 
 who died in the same 
 year. In 18()() hewas 
 married to his pres- 
 ent wife, Miss Mary 
 Jane Bainbridge, of 
 De Soto, Missouri. 
 
 She is a daughter of the late Colonel Allen 
 Bainbridge, who during his life was a close 
 friend and companion of General John A. Logan. 
 
 It will be seen that the career of Colonel Mur- 
 phy has been a most active and varied one. As 
 farmer boy, carpenter, street car driver, teacher, 
 editor, soldier, lawyer and public official, 
 through all changes, he has been governed by 
 an ambition to rise, and has realized that only 
 by doing the work before him well could he 
 hope to merit success. That is the rule that he 
 has applied through many changes; and that it 
 
 is a good one, is demonstrated liy the measure 
 of success he has earned. To-day, he is con- 
 sidered by the membership of the bar an able 
 lawyer, stands high in the confidence of the 
 people as a citizen, and as both soldier and 
 civilian has certainly well earned the general 
 esteem accorded him. 
 
 Kkrsh.\w, J. Martini-:, is a native of St. 
 Louis, and his parents were James M. and Mar- 
 garet E. Kershaw. In the year 1(J42 there 
 arrived at the jiort 
 of New .Vmsterdam 
 ( now New York ) a 
 Dutch Holland ship 
 with a number of 
 Huguenot refugees, 
 who had escaped 
 from France during 
 the ci\il war and 
 sought refuge in Hol- 
 land. Among the 
 number who arrived 
 at the above named 
 port was Jacques 
 Lainartine du Car- 
 shaw, afterwards 
 spelled Kershaw. 
 He was the head of 
 the Kershaw family. 
 The father of the 
 Doctor was a bank- 
 note engraver, and 
 had no superior in 
 this or any other 
 counlrv. He was an artist in the fullest sense 
 of the term. To show his .skill he engraved the 
 Lord's Prayer and the Ten Commandments on 
 a steel plate the size of a gold dollar, a feat 
 never accomplished by any other artist. He 
 was a true artist and a lover of books. His as- 
 sociates were such men as Thomas H. Benton, 
 James B. Eads, McDonald, the sculptor, and 
 Meeker, the painter. He was one of the judges 
 in the Art Department at the P^air Grounds for 
 a number of years while the late Gerard B. 
 Allen was president. 
 
 MARTI^E KERSHAM 
 
470 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 The Doctor comes from a family of lawyers 
 and ministers, Bishop Provost, at one time rector 
 of Trinity Church, New York, being a great- 
 granduncle. His paternal grandfather was a 
 Presbyterian minister. He owned a farm upon 
 which more than one-half of the city of Brook- 
 lyn now stands. Being devoted to his calling 
 as a divine, and knowing little of business mat- 
 ters, he allowed this property to slip through his 
 hands, which would have made his heirs many 
 times millionaires. 
 
 After receiving the training of excellent 
 schools of his native place. Doctor Kershaw be- 
 gan the study of medicine as the private pupil 
 of the renowned, but eccentric, surgeon, Profes- 
 sor Joseph Nash McDowell, at the old McDowell 
 College, at the northwest corner of Eighth and 
 Gratiot streets. After finishing the course with 
 Surgeon McDowell, he entered the Homceo- 
 pathic Medical College of Missouri as the pri- 
 vate student of Professor E.C. Franklin, and from 
 which institution he graduated in the early sev- 
 enties. About this time he took a special course 
 in practical anatomy with the now celebrated 
 Doctor William Tod Hehnuth, of New York. 
 Doctor Kershaw, early in his career, began to 
 devote himself to the study of diseases of the 
 brain, spine and nervous system. For several 
 years he lectured at the clinics for nervous dis- 
 eases at the Homoeopathic College of Missouri, 
 and also at the Missouri School of Midwifery. 
 For ten years Doctor Kershaw lectured on dis- 
 eases of the brain and nervous system at the 
 Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri, and 
 is now professor of the practice of medicine in 
 that institution, devoting all his lectures to dis- 
 eases of the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. 
 He is also a member of the board of trustees 
 and president of the college syndicate. Doctor 
 Kershaw has written a great deal. He is the 
 author of the several chapters on diseases of the 
 brain and its membranes in Arndt's "System 
 of Medicine," the best book on general med- 
 icine in the Homoeopathic school. He has also 
 written over fifty monographs on nervous dis- 
 eases, among them being "The Relation of 
 Brain Compression to Infantile Lock-jaw," 
 
 "Treatment of Sick Headache," "Causes of 
 Sudden Death after Si.xty Years," "The Im- 
 mediate Treatment of Apoplexy," "Auxiliary 
 Measures in the Treatment of Congestion of the 
 Brain," "The Treatment of One-sided Paral- 
 ysis," "Epilepsy versus Crime." The Doc- 
 tor's hobby is diagnosis. He has lately written 
 an able article on this subject, entitled "The 
 Value of a Medical Opinion." Several years ago 
 Doctor Kershaw invented a heat-carrier, which 
 he has used with success in the treatment of 
 paralysis. He has also made an improved 
 brace for the treatment of hunch-back — better 
 known as Pott's disease of the spine. He was 
 also the first surgeon to successfully use the 
 collodion cap in the treatment of cerebral 
 hernia. 
 
 Doctor Kershaw is a member of the Amer- 
 ican Institute of Homoeopathy, the Western 
 Academy of Homoeopath)-, the Missouri Institute 
 of Homoeopathy, the Hahnemann Club and the 
 St. Louis Homoeopathic Medical Society. Of 
 this latter society he is now the president. He is 
 an ex-president of the Missouri Institute of Ho- 
 moeopathy, and is an active worker in this and 
 every other society and body of which he is a 
 member. 
 
 He was married some years ago to Miss 
 Katrine A. Dickson, a society lady, directly 
 connected with several of the oldest and best- 
 known families of Missouri. Mrs. C. Purdy 
 Lindsley, of New Haven, and ]\Irs. William H. 
 Stevenson, of St. Louis, are sisters of Mrs. Ker- 
 shaw, while Mrs. Daniel Houser, Mrs. Charles 
 H. Turner and Mrs. Douglas Cook are cousins. 
 The late Mrs. Ellis Wainwright was also a first 
 cousin of Mrs. Kershaw. The father of Mrs. 
 Kershaw was a man of books, a student until 
 the day he died, and celebrated as an engineer, 
 inventor and scientific investigator. The Doc- 
 tor's wife has one accomplishment — she is a 
 model housekeeper. Every inch of her house, 
 from the cellar to the store-room, is in as perfect 
 order as the parlors of this well-kept and well- 
 ordered household. Mrs. David T. Breck, of 
 Ferguson, i\Iissouri, is the only sister of Doctor 
 Kershaw. 
 
BIOCRAPIflCAL APPF.NniX. 
 
 471 
 
 Havxes, John- I., of the architectural firni 
 of Barnett & Hayues, was born in St. lyouis, 
 .March 1, ISfU. His father, Thomas Hayiies, 
 was a nati\e of England, while his mother was 
 Ijorn in Ireland. They were married in Kn- 
 oland and shortly afterward came to .\merica. 
 Young John, when old enough, was sent to the 
 ]nddic school in this city, continuing in attend- 
 ance thereat until seventeen years of age. 
 
 He early developed a taste as well as a talent 
 for drawing, and when he left school he started 
 in with George I. 
 I'arnett, of Barnett 
 lK: Taylor, to learn 
 the architectural 
 business, staying in 
 this position until 
 the members of the 
 firm dissolved part- 
 nership. He then 
 secured employment 
 with Isaac Taylor, 
 and for a term of ten 
 years had charge of 
 his ofhce. This was 
 a responsible posi- 
 tion, but Mr.Ha\-nes 
 left it to accept an 
 appointment in the 
 city building com- 
 missioner's office. 
 His appointment 
 was for four years, 
 but he served only i„hv, , 
 
 one, resigning to 
 
 form the present partnership with Mr. (leorge 
 D. Barnett. 
 
 The firm lias been in existence upward of 
 five years, and at the present time enjoys a 
 reputation and patronage which entitles it to be 
 considered one of the successful finns in its line 
 in the West. Mr. Hayues personally is of 
 suave and pleasing address, is an energetic 
 worker and a thorough business man. 
 
 He was married this year, March 17, 1S!»4, to 
 Miss Harriet L. Hclery, daughter of Henry 
 Helerv, deceased. 
 
 I'iKi:, .SiiKR.MAX B. — One who in the future 
 nmsl be rated as a pioneer in St. Louis in the 
 development of electricity, that great motive 
 power whicli is to revolutionize the world, is 
 Sherman B. Pike, at tlie present time .secretary 
 and treasurer of both the .Missouri Electric 
 Light and Power Company and the Wagner 
 Electric Manufacturing Company, of this city. 
 Mr. Pike is a native of St. Louis, where he 
 was born in January, l.sr)3, his parents being 
 E. C. and Harriet .A. (Williams) Pike. He 
 acquired his educa- 
 tion at the Cit\- l"ni- 
 versity, of St. Louis, 
 of which lulward 
 Wyman was then 
 ])rincipal, and at the 
 renowned Episcopal 
 Institute, located at 
 I')U rli n gton , \'cr- 
 mont. 
 
 He adopted mer- 
 cantile pursuits after 
 leaving school, but 
 finally became en- 
 gaged in the opera- 
 tion of the Excelsior 
 electric plant, at 
 :^11 Locust street, 
 where he continued 
 until the organiza- 
 tion of the Missouri 
 l-;iectric Light and 
 ^^^.^j;^ Power Company, in 
 
 I'Ss;). He was one 
 of the active movers in its organization and 
 was made general manager, which place he held 
 until made secretary and treasurer. He is con- 
 sidered one of the best posted electricians in the 
 city. 
 
 Mkrrvman, John Frank, son of Joseph R. 
 aiul Harriet (Gabriel) Merryman, was born at 
 Mount \'ernon, Kentucky, September 14, 1854. 
 His mother died in the year l.S.")(>, and his father 
 moved the same year to Mis.souri. John P'rank 
 was educated in the public schools and attended 
 
472 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 the University of Missouri at Columbia during 
 the years 18(J9 and 1870. He then entered 
 Bethany College, West Virginia, where he grad- 
 uated in 1873, in the class in which Champ Clark 
 was first honors man. Continuing his education 
 Mr. Merryman attended St. Louis Law School 
 in 1874, and having graduated was admitted to 
 the bar in St. Louis in 187;"), and at once com- 
 menced the practice of law. 
 
 His career at the bar has been a singularly 
 successful one. Mr. Merryman's legal educa- 
 tion is second to that of no man in the State, 
 and he yields to none in points of assiduity and 
 loyalty to the interests of his clients. He was 
 elected a member of the State Legislature in the 
 year 1880 as a Democrat, Mr. Charles Clailin 
 Allen going from the same district as a Repub- 
 lican. He served in the Thirty-first General 
 Assembly with great success, making an excel- 
 lent record and bringing to bear an unlimited 
 amount of common sense in the deliberations of 
 the legislators. As a law-maker Mr. Merryman has 
 few equals and still fewer superiors, and the im- 
 press he left on the statute-book of the State will 
 l)ear record to his ability long after he has ceased 
 his career. He also rendered a good account of 
 himself in the called session of 1882, and then 
 retiring from active political life settled down 
 to the steady practice of law. During the last 
 ten years he has built up a practice at once 
 remunerative and honorable. He represents 
 .some of the oldest and best families in St. Louis, 
 as well as some of the wealthiest corporations. 
 
 He married in February, 188G, Miss Mary P. 
 Johnson, daughter of Governor Charles P. John- 
 son. He has two bright, intelligent children — 
 Elvira and Frank Johnson. 
 
 Fames, Willi.\m S., was born August 4, 
 1857, at Clinton, Lenawee county, Michigan. 
 His parents, William H. and Laura M. (Sco- 
 field) Fames, moved to St. Louis in 18(;8. He 
 was educated in the public schools of this city, 
 and in Washington University, graduating from 
 that institution in the class of 1878. 
 
 Having decided to adopt the profession of 
 architecture, Mr. Fames worked as a draughts- 
 
 man in local offices for three years, and in 1881 
 went to Furope in the pursuit of his studies, 
 making a complete tour of the continent before 
 returning to America. Shortly after his return 
 he was appointed deputy commissioner of public 
 buildings, which position he held up to the 
 year 1886, when he formed a partnership with 
 Mr. Thomas C. Young, under the firm name of 
 Fames & Young, which is still in existence and 
 is regarded as one of the leading architectural 
 firms in this city. 
 
 Although one of the youngest architects in 
 .St. Louis, Mr. Fames had conferred upon him 
 the distinction of being made first president of 
 the St. Louis chapter of the American Institute 
 of Architects, and for the last three years has 
 been a director of the National Institute. 
 
 The firm has enjoyed one of the largest and 
 best practices in the city, and has designed many 
 of the finest residences and large business blocks 
 of St. Louis. 
 
 While Mr. Fames is devoted to his profession, 
 and actively identified with its advancement, 
 he devotes considerable time to the study of 
 social and economic questions, and is fond of 
 general literature, seeking in books diversion 
 from his professional cares. His name will cer- 
 tainly be associated with the greater part of all 
 large improvements of St. Louis in the future. 
 
 Lewi.s, M.\rtrom D., the expert and author- 
 it)- on probate law, was born in St. Louis count}', 
 August 17, 18;3li. His father was a native of 
 Virginia, of excellent family and a land owner 
 and farmer. Like so many Virginians and their 
 Kentucky cousins, a bold, aggressive and daring 
 spirit, of the kind which sustained all the pio- 
 neers, explorers and leaders of men, were qual- 
 ities of marked prominence in his character and 
 no doubt impelled him to become a pioneer of 
 the then unknown western wilderness. Certain 
 it is that he has a clear title as one of the earli- 
 est pioneers of agriculture west of the Missis- 
 sippi; for he came to St. Louis in 1795, when 
 the place was a wilderness-surrounded trading 
 post of scarcel}' more than two hundred inhabit- 
 ants. The senior Lewis' eldest sister married 
 
-{l^. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENniX. 
 
 473 
 
 General Daniel Morgan Boone, eldest son of 
 Daniel Boone, and Mr. Lewis was a friend of 
 and frequently visited the old Indian fighter at 
 his cabin in St. Charles county. Martroni D. 
 Lewis' mother was, before marriage, Elizabeth 
 Darby, and she was a native of North Carolina. 
 The subject of the biograph)- here given 
 received a good common school education at the 
 schools near his home, and when sufhciently 
 educated came to the city to study law, entering 
 the office of an elder brother, Augustus W., who 
 was already estab- 
 lished here in the 
 practice of that pro- ' 
 
 fession. It was in 
 
 his office that the ' . . 
 
 )■ o u ng e r brother 
 qualified himself for 
 admission to the bar, 
 and when his brother 
 Augustus W. died in 
 1859, he succeeded 
 to his business. In 
 l.S(il) he took up the 
 practice of probate 
 law as a specialty, 
 and soon his patron- 
 age consisted almost 
 wholly of that line 
 of bu.siness, his ex- 
 tended knowledge of 
 which soon entitled 
 him to be rated as an 
 authority thereon. 
 
 His ability as a 
 probate lawyer received an official recognition 
 during the administration of Governor Silas 
 Woodson. When Henry Gambs, as public ad- 
 ministrator, became a defaulter, the governor 
 api)ointed Mr. Lewis his successor, and four days 
 later he qualified, giving a bond of $300, OOO. 
 On the expiration of his term in 187(5 he became 
 a candidate for the office on the Democratic 
 ticket, and the people indorsed the governor's 
 selection of an incumbent for the unexpired term 
 of Gambs by giving him an election to a full 
 term b>- 3,000 majority. Owing to the adoption 
 
 of the scheme and charter, he was compelled to 
 go before the people again the next spring and 
 received another handsome indorsement. 
 
 With .so much skill and ability did he adminis- 
 ter the office, that in 1878 he was elected with- 
 out opposition, and altogether was appointed 
 and elected to the office five times, at his last 
 election receiving (52, 000 votes. At the expira- 
 tion of his last term in 188-1, he could have had 
 the office again without the asking, but he was 
 then in bad health and accordingly refused to 
 become a candidate, 
 going on a visit to 
 California instead. 
 During his term of 
 ]>ublic service and 
 l)rivate practice he 
 is said to have 
 handled and settled 
 more estates than 
 au\- other adminis- 
 trator in the United 
 States. 
 
 On December 2, 
 18()-2, Judge Lewis 
 was married to Su- 
 san, the only daugh- 
 ter of Judge Pere- 
 grine Tippett. Six 
 children have been 
 horn to the couple, 
 but only one, Mary 
 Margaret, is living. 
 An overwhelming 
 affliction befell 
 Judge and .Mrs. Lewis in 18(;!i, when they buried 
 four of their little ones within eight days. The 
 fifth child, a daughter, died in 1887. 
 
 Mention has already been made of how ^Ir. 
 Lewis stepped into the breach on the occasion 
 of a defalcation by a public official. Still more 
 recently he has been called upon in a somewhat 
 similar and even more serious contingency. 
 When it was discovered that there was a .short- 
 age in the accounts of City Treasurer Foerstel, 
 .\cting :Mayor Walbridge secured the services of 
 one of the citv's leading bankers to straighten 
 
 MARTROM D. LRWIS. 
 
474 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 out the bouks, and when this had been done 
 Mr. Lewis was elected to fill out Mr. Foerstel's 
 unexpired term. That so reliable a financier 
 had accepted the position led to a general feeling 
 of relief, and no further anxiety was felt. Mr. 
 Lewis restored the oflfice to its proper condition. 
 It was generally understood that he could have 
 
 streets until l-STl, when the\- removed to Main 
 and Destrehan streets, owing to the pressure of 
 business, and the concern was incorporated in 
 1881 as the Schnelle & Querl Lumber Company, 
 Mr. Schnelle having been associated with him 
 in business for some years. 
 
 Mr. Querl was elected treasurer of the firm, 
 
 the position for another term, but he preferred to and the two young men at the head of the busi- 
 retire, and did so in the spring of 1893. ness rapidly doubling the output, it was found 
 
 necessary to select a more convenient and roomy 
 son of Charles and yard, which was finally secured on the corner of 
 
 ]\Iain and Angelica 
 
 Querl, Charles 
 Araalia (Ostman) 
 Querl, was born Oc- 
 tober 12, 1840, in 
 St. Louis. He at- 
 tended a private 
 school until fourteen 
 years of age, when 
 he secured employ- 
 ment in a drugstore, 
 where he remained 
 for two years, but 
 finding the work too 
 confining and tedi- 
 ous for a young man 
 of his aspirations, he 
 quit and after taking 
 a business course in 
 the Jones Commer- 
 cial College he se- 
 cured a position as 
 clerk in the lumber 
 business of Mr. 
 Alexander Riddle. cmarik^ 
 
 This was in 18.57, 
 
 and Mr. Querl remained in his employ until 
 1860, when, being at that time well acquainted 
 with the details of the lumber business, he 
 secured a position as book-keeper with Bryan 
 & Brothers. 
 
 He retained this position until 18(54, when, 
 a change taking place in the firm organization, 
 Mr. Querl purchased an interest in the business 
 and became a partner of Mr. Wilkinson Bryan. 
 In 18(i8 Messrs. Schnelle and Querl bought out 
 Mr. Wilkinson Bryan and conducted the busi- 
 ness at the corner of Eighth and ]\Iullanphy 
 
 streets, where the 
 company continues 
 to do business of 
 great magnitude and 
 vast extent. The 
 company ships oxit 
 a large quantity of 
 material in addition 
 to its very satisfac- 
 tory local connec- 
 tion. 
 
 In X o \- e m her, 
 ISii;'), he was mar- 
 ried to Miss Annie S. 
 Behrens, sister of the 
 late Charles W. Beh- 
 rens, a prominent 
 1 u m b e r merchant 
 of vSt. Louis. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Querl cele- 
 brated their silver 
 H. (.)i i;ri.. wedding in 18 HO, 
 
 when they received 
 the congratulations of a host of friends. They 
 ha\-e had eight children — three boys and five 
 girls, of whom there are now living one boy and 
 three girls, Willie H., Lydia M., Julia M., and 
 Laura A. Mr. Querl is now in the prime of 
 manhood. 
 
 Petersen, Lauritz, son of Lauritz and .\nne 
 (Mosehuns) Petersen, was born in the town of 
 Gram, in the northeast of Schleswig, in the year 
 18.')2. At that time the Provinces of Schleswig 
 and Holstein were a portion of the Kingdom of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 Denmark, and Lauritz was educated in a Danish 
 school in his native city, remaining there until 
 he was fifteen years of age. He was then ap- 
 prenticed to a cabinet maker in Harderleben, a 
 large city on the east coast of Schleswig. In 
 Denmark a term of apprenticeship and a very 
 thorough mastery of every little detail are the 
 rule, and young Petersen was bound for five 
 years, at the end of which time he received his 
 indentures as a first-class journeyman. He 
 worked at this trade for another year, and then 
 on attaining his ma- 
 jority he came to 
 America. 
 
 He settled in Chi- 
 cago, and being an 
 exceptionall}' able 
 workman, experi- 
 enced no difficulty 
 in finding lucrative 
 employment, but in 
 1<S74 he recognized 
 the fact that St. 
 Louis offered the best 
 opportunity for an 
 energetic, compe- 
 tent mechanic, and 
 he accordingh- came 
 to the city which 
 now regards hi m 
 as one of its leading 
 business men. For 
 ni ne years he worked 
 at cabinet making i.alriiz i 
 
 and in a planing 
 mill, saving a large percentage of his earnings. 
 
 He was now thirty years of age, and finding 
 that his means permitted such a course, he 
 started in the mill business on his own account 
 on Dakota street. These premises he leased 
 for two years, and by the time his lease had run 
 out he had established a splendid connection, 
 and found his orders getting ahead of him. The 
 next advancement in his progressive career was 
 the purchase of a lot on the southeast corner of 
 Lvon and Lynch streets, upon which he built a 
 commodious brick factory, better adapted to the 
 
 requirements of his rapidly increasing business. 
 The following year he secured the adjoining lot, 
 upon which he erected an elegant modern brick 
 residence, replete with every conxenience. 
 
 Fi\e years later his factory proved as inade- 
 quate for his 1)usincss as his leased premises had 
 done. He was compelled to build an addition 
 and add a second story, making his factory an 
 exceptionally large one, with a floor-space on 
 each story of .S")xllO feel. In addition to this 
 his two-story warehouse gave him a floor-space 
 of 7r)x;'>l) feet, and 
 equipped with the 
 latest improved ma- 
 c h i n e r y for mill 
 work, he found him- 
 self able to transact 
 an enormous busi- 
 ness. 
 
 In l.ssil.Mr. Peter- 
 sen purchased the 
 vacant lot ojjposite 
 his factory, «tixlOO 
 feet, and opened a 
 large lumber yard 
 ujxju il, his idea be- 
 ing to keej) a large 
 stock always on hand 
 for his own business. 
 Success again 
 crowned his efforts, 
 and in USUI he was 
 compelled to start 
 ^ ^1 ^ another lumberyard. 
 
 He purchased a lot 
 on the corner of Third and Ivynch, lilOxTo feet, 
 for this purpose, and is now as well equipped for 
 business as any man in the West. His latest 
 real estate purchased is a lot 10Hx;^(>() feet on 
 Magnolia and \'andeventer avenue, upon which 
 he proposes to erect a magnificent residence 
 without delay, and to thus increase the obliga- 
 tions of the city to a man whose enterprise has 
 been phenomenal. 
 
 In May, l«77, Mr. Petersen married Miss 
 Othilde Ouaade. He has six fine healthy 
 children — three bovs and three girls. 
 
476 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 LiNDSLEY, DeCourcey Bradlev, M.D., 
 D.D.S., is a skillful and popular young den- 
 tal surgeon, located at Soli Lucas avenue. 
 The Doctor is a native of St. Louis, and was 
 born May 26, 1867, and is therefore at this date 
 twenty-sev-en years of age. He is the son of 
 Fanny (Anderson) and the late DeCourcey B. 
 Lindsley, the latter for a term of many years 
 one of the city's most prosperous wholesale shoe 
 merchants. 
 
 The young Doctor was educated at Smith's 
 Academy, and im- 
 mediately after grad- 
 u at ion became a 
 student at the St. 
 Louis Medical Col- 
 lege. He graduated 
 therefrom in the class 
 of 1887. For one 
 year subsequenth" 
 he studied the more 
 practiced details of 
 the medical profes- 
 sion as an assistant 
 within the wards of 
 MuUanphy Hospital . 
 He had resolved to 
 fit himself for the 
 dental surgery- 
 branch of the med- 
 ical profession, and 
 therefore on leaving 
 the hospital, matric- 
 ulated at the Mis- uecoLRci-;'! 
 souri Dental College. 
 
 After his graduation in 1.S8S) he began practice, 
 and already has attracted to himself a clientele 
 composed of the better element of the com- 
 munity. 
 
 He stands well among his professional breth- 
 ren, and they have honored him by an election 
 to the presidency of the St. Louis Dental So- 
 ciety; he is also president of the Missouri State 
 Dental Association. 
 
 Campbell, IvKwls, son of Lewis H. and 
 Mary (Scott) Campbell, was born in Albany, 
 
 New York, January 18, 184'S. He received a 
 common school education in Sparta, Illinois, 
 whither his parents had moved while he was a 
 boy, and he subsequently spent a year and a 
 half in the State University, at Champaign, 
 Illinois. His education being completed, he 
 entered into various commercial occupations, 
 including teaching school for two years, and 
 finally entered into the employment of Doctor 
 McLean, of St. Louis, as general office clerk. 
 Doctor ;\IcLean had the reputation of what is 
 sometimes called 
 "sizing up" a man 
 very rapidly, and 
 before Mr. Campbell 
 had been in the 
 Doctor's employ a 
 month, he had rec- 
 ognized in him qual- 
 ities of great value. 
 Few men were so 
 ready to recognize 
 talent and reward 
 faithfulness as the 
 Doctor, and when he 
 saw that his first im- 
 pressions erred only 
 on the side of moder- 
 ation, he placed un- 
 limited confidence in 
 him and soon re- 
 garded him as his 
 right-hand man. 
 !. LIND5LKY Uudcr the Doctor's 
 
 sup e r\' is io n Mr. 
 Campbell became thoroughly conversant with 
 the details of the vast business conducted, and 
 at the time of the Doctor's death he was not 
 only cashier, but was also in practical control 
 of a large amount of the details in connection 
 with the establishment. At the death of Doc- 
 tor McLean, the business was incorporated and 
 Mr. Campbell, who had been named as executor 
 in his late employer's will, was made president 
 of the company, a position he has filled since 
 to the unlimited satisfaction of the stockholders 
 and patrons. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 477 
 
 Mr. Canipl)ell is an excellent organizer and 
 an exceptionally fine manager, grasping the 
 points of a difficult situation with great rapid- 
 it\-, and deciding upon a course of action while 
 many men would have been still worrying over 
 details. He has largely increased the volume 
 of business transacted by the firm, and by his 
 able management and untiring energy has well 
 filled the void caused by the death of the founder 
 of the business. 
 
 As administrator of the Doctor's will, his 
 efforts have been un- 
 tiring, and the Doc- 
 tor's family look 
 upon ^Ir. Campbell 
 as a dear friend as 
 well as a splendid 
 business man. His 
 career through life 
 has been amostcred- 
 itableone. Hestarted 
 in without an}- spe- 
 cial advantages ex- 
 cept an enterprising 
 and energetic dispo- 
 sition and the pos- 
 session of marked 
 talent, and it is only 
 by the exercise of 
 this and by his un- 
 s w e r \' i n g 1 o }• a 1 1 >• 
 that he has been able 
 to rise in the world 
 with such remark- james 
 
 al)le rapidity. He 
 
 served for one year during the war in the Eight- 
 ieth Illinois regiment, being one of the very 
 young men who enlisted in the West. 
 
 He was married in 1872 to ]\Iiss Mary fior- 
 such, of Sparta, Illinois, and has one chikl, 
 Frank D. McLean. 
 
 Malix, James D., son of Ira N. and Kli/.a- 
 beth J. ( Dalmazzo) .Malin, was born in Vevay, 
 Indiana, in LS;!!!. His father was a steamboat 
 man, away from home a great deal, and James 
 was educated at the public school of his native 
 
 town, and giving great attention to his studies 
 iiad acquired a good education by the time he 
 was sixteen. He then left school and moved to 
 LaGrange, Missouri, where he secured a posi- 
 tion as book-keeper for J. M. Ca.shman, general 
 merchant. He remained with this house for 
 two years, and then secured a more lucrative 
 position as clerk on a Mississippi steamboat. 
 He had a lengthy career of the river, and in the 
 3ear !«()() was clerk on the steamer Missouri at 
 the time of the explosion. In 1«().S Mr. Malin 
 resumed work on the 
 
 shore. 
 
 and in part- 
 i ]> w i t h his 
 
 ner.' 
 
 father s t a r I e d a 
 wholesale liquor 
 house at Ouincy, Il- 
 linois. In !«(;!» it 
 was decided to move 
 to St. Louis, in order 
 that the rapidly in- 
 creasing trade could 
 be conducted from a 
 more central point. 
 For four years the 
 partnership p r o s - 
 pered in St. Louis, 
 but in 1S7;1 .Mr. Ira 
 Malin died, and Mr. 
 J. I). Malin contin- 
 uedllie business with 
 Mr. John Fowler as 
 his partner. 
 
 , MAUN. He continued a 
 
 jxirtner in the firm 
 until I'^SIlt, when .Mr. J. D. Malin purchased his 
 interest and became sole proprietor of the estab- 
 lishment. Mr. Malin himself occupies a very 
 honorable position in St. Louis commercial and 
 social circles. He is a Mason and Past Master 
 of the George Washington Lodge, No. !•. He is 
 also a member of the Mercantile and St. Louis 
 Jockev clubs, and also of the Grand Pass Shoot- 
 ing Cinb. 
 
 Mr. Malin married in isi;2 Miss Belle L. Ows- 
 lev, of Marion county, Missouri. They have six 
 children living. 
 
478 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Lebrecht, John Charles, was born in St. 
 Louis on July 28, 18.59, his parents being Dr. 
 John and Louisa (Ludwig) Lebrecht. After 
 receiving a classical education in the St. Louis 
 University, he graduated from the St. Louis 
 Medical College in 1882 and immediately 
 entered upon the practice of the medical pro- 
 fession, for which his natural taste and training 
 had fitted him. He also followed in the foot- 
 steps of his grandfather, his father, and his 
 uncle (Dr. Charles V. F. Ludwig), each of 
 whom had established an enviable reputation 
 in the same calling; and it would certainly 
 appear as though the subject of this sketch liad 
 inherited professional ability from both branches 
 of the ancestral tree. 
 
 Dr. John Lebrecht, the father of the ph\sician 
 who is now so popular in St. Louis, died Decem- 
 ber 4, 1865. He had been surgeon in the army, 
 and was the first curator of the O' Fallon Dis- 
 pensary, and assistant to Professor Pope. 
 
 On October 21, 1S.S4, Dr. J. C. Lebrecht 
 married Mi.ss Matilda Cornet, the charming 
 daughter of Henry Cornet, the retired whole- 
 sale merchant, and one of the prominent vocal- 
 ists of St. Louis. The Doctor is a member of 
 the St. Louis Medical and the Mississippi Val- 
 ley Medical societies, as well as of the .\ncient 
 Order of United Workmen, Knights of Pythias, 
 Treubund, Turners, and several singing socie- 
 ties. In politics he is a Republican from 
 principle, and has always been prominently 
 identified with the interests of his party. 
 
 Although kept very busy by a large and ever 
 increasing practice, he nevertheless finds time to 
 spend a week or two each fall amongst the wilds 
 of Arkansas or Southeast Missouri, where he 
 recuperates himself by hunting and fishing. 
 
 The Doctor is at present located at 1401 
 Olive street, and has latterly devoted special at- 
 tention to diseases of women and children. In 
 this specialty he is regarded as one of the safest 
 and most reliable practitioners in the West. 
 
 Langenberg, Frederick J., son of Casper 
 H. and Elizabeth (Koch) Langenberg, who 
 came to this country from Germany in 18o5, was 
 
 born in Gasconade county, Missouri, July 31, 
 1851. His early education he received at home, 
 and he subsequently attended Br\'ant & Strat- 
 ton's College, in St. Louis. 
 
 His first introduction to commercial life was 
 unfortunate, for, six months after securing a 
 position in the Eagle Woolen Mills, the firm 
 failed. Young Langenberg was then seventeen 
 years of age, and he returned to college for a 
 few months' additional training. He then se- 
 cured employment in the establishment of 
 Gauss, Hunicke &. Company, now the Gauss- 
 Shelton Hat Compan\-, of which well-known 
 corporation he is now secretary. Like many of 
 St. Louis' merchant princes, he commenced at 
 the bottom of the ladder, his first work for the 
 firm, of which he is now a member, being in 
 the capacity of an errand-boy. 
 
 His employers soon saw tliat he was capable 
 of much better work than parcel-carrying and 
 message-delivering, and when he was assigned 
 to more responsible duties he responded so 
 promptly and ably that his promotion was rapid. 
 In 1882 his value to the firm had become so 
 great that he was admitted into partnership. 
 Three years later he was appointed secretary, 
 and he has held the position ever since. Upon 
 him naturally falls much of the routine work of 
 the large establishment, while all financial nuit- 
 ters are entirely in his hands. His abilities as 
 manager as well as hustler are marked, and he 
 is as hard-working and faithful now as eyer. 
 
 Mr. Langenberg is a member of the North 
 Presbyterian Church, of which he is also a 
 trustee. Having successfully sohed the j^rob- 
 lem of how to make one's way in the world 
 without any financial backing in youth, he is 
 the first to assist and advise others who are 
 making the struggle and finding out the secrets. 
 He is a warm friend of the young employes of 
 his house, and occupies a very honorable posi- 
 tion in society. 
 
 He married in 1875 Miss Annie Ten Broek, 
 and has had five children, four of whom are 
 living. These are: Edna A., Roy T., Grace 
 and Lois. Another daugliter, Bessie, died 
 No\-eniber 1, 1891. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 479 
 
 Cronp:, Christopher, was born in Gennany 
 ill 181(5, and came to this country when twenty 
 years of age, settling in St. Louis in the memor- 
 able year of LS-ift, during the time of the great 
 flood and rayage of the Asiatic cholera. Mr. 
 Crone started a small grocery store on Second 
 between Olive and Locust streets, which he con- 
 tinued until 1850, when, in partnership with Mr. 
 William Herbkesmann, he opened up a large 
 grocery store on North Broadway near Mallinck- 
 rodt street. This proved a great financial 
 success, and was 
 continued until the 
 death of :\Ir. Herb- 
 kesmann. 
 
 Mr. Ci-one then 
 opened a new and 
 much larger store on 
 Broadway near Salis- 
 Ijury street, which 
 he carried on as a 
 first-class family 
 grocery, in l^oth 
 fancy and staple 
 groceries, and en- 
 joyed the finest trade 
 at that time in North 
 St. Louis. In about 
 the year 18.') 7 he 
 transferred his gro- 
 cery business to 
 Charles and Herman 
 Obrock, two faith- 
 ful employes, and 
 entered the omnibus 
 
 business, organizing the firm of Crone, Dermon 
 & Compau)-, running busses from Salisbury 
 to Olive streets. He continued this work until 
 the busses became absorbed by the Broadway 
 line of street cars. 
 
 Being a man of push and enterprise, he saw 
 that some one should move in public affairs to 
 make St. Louis a metropolitan city. So he 
 urged the city fathers to do something towards 
 making and keeping up a few public parks in 
 the city, which they did, and :\Ir. Crone was 
 appointed park commissioner, and immediately 
 
 CHRISTOPHKR CRONE. 
 
 took hold of Hyde Park and liad it so improved 
 and beautified in a few years tliat it gained a 
 national reputation as one of the finest parks in 
 America. 
 
 In 18(),s, when the Bremen Savings Bank was 
 organized, ;\Ir. Crone was one of its incorporators 
 and directors, and became president upon the 
 death of Mr. Marshall Brotherton, who was its 
 first president. 
 
 About the year 1807 Mr. Crone, together with 
 Archibald Carr and others, under City Ordinance 
 No. ;577!l, approved 
 January 2'.l, 18.') 7, 
 organized and estab- 
 lislied the Maguire 
 Market on North 
 ISroadway, in wliat 
 was known as the 
 ..hi Teutli Ward. 
 
 .Mr. Crone always 
 was a devoted chris- 
 tian and church man , 
 and in about 18(i7 
 he, with tlie assist- 
 ance of tlie Rev. 
 Frederick Kopf, ha<l 
 a new churcli l)nilt 
 in Newhouse Addi- 
 tion for the German 
 ICvangelical congre- 
 gation, Mr. Crone 
 donating the 
 grounds upon which 
 the church was built 
 and still stands. 
 Mr. Crone was looked upon by his fellow- 
 citizens as a clear-headed and careful man, and 
 could have had any office in the gift of the 
 people, but would never mingle in politics, yet 
 was ready at all times with his money and influ- 
 ence to push any public enterprise for the benefit 
 of St. Louis. 
 
 Mr. Crone belonged to the L O. O. F., and 
 was one of the oldest members when he died. 
 He held every office of trust in the order to which 
 he belonged, and was well respected. He was a 
 member of the American Protestant Association. 
 
480 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Rohan, Philip, is a native of Ireland, bnt 
 was brought to America by his parents when 
 two 3^ears old. He was born in County Kil- 
 kenny, February 16, 1847, and is therefore yet 
 in the strength of a vigorous manhood. He is 
 the son of James and Annie (Walton) Rohan, 
 his father being a freeholder of Ireland. On 
 coming to America the Rohans at once located 
 in St. Ivouis, and here Philip, when he was old 
 enough, attended the public school. From this 
 school he was entered at the High School, and 
 here he pursued his 
 studies until the 
 school was closed 
 through the lack of 
 funds caused by the 
 war then in progress. 
 His schooling being 
 thus abruptly termi- 
 nated, he at the age 
 of thirteen was ap- 
 prenticed to the firm 
 of Wm. H. Card & 
 Corapau}-, boiler 
 makers. 
 
 In l.S(17 W. H. 
 Card, the head of 
 this business, died, 
 and this necessitated 
 a change in the firm, 
 which became Alli- 
 s o n & Rohan, 
 Philip's elder 
 
 brother, John, be- philip rohan 
 
 coming the junior 
 
 partner. In the meantime Philip had become 
 the foreman of the shops. In 1874 on the retire- 
 ment of Rlr. Allison, Philip and Michael Rohan 
 became partners, the three brothers becoming 
 equal owners. In 1880 the rapidly increasing 
 expansion of the business made incorporation 
 desirable, and of the new company thus insti- 
 tuted Philip Rohan became the secretary and 
 treasurer, an office he yet holds. 
 
 Rohan Brothers send boilers into every vState 
 in the Union. Nor is the trade of the compain- 
 confined to the United vStates. As an instance 
 
 of the firm's reputation abroad and its standing 
 among competitors at home, the action of the 
 Russian Secretary of War might be cited. When 
 there was chance of war between Russia and 
 Great Britain over the Afghan frontier in 1885, 
 an emissary of the Russian Secretary of War 
 visited America to purchase vessels and arma- 
 ments, and awarded his largest order for 
 machinery equipment of vessels to the Rohan 
 Brothers. 
 
 Mr. Rohan's popularity has caused his friends 
 to lead him into poli- 
 tics to some extent. 
 In 1887 he was 
 elected to the City 
 Council, and served 
 four years in the 
 upper house of that 
 body, to the great 
 benefit of his con- 
 stituents. In IS.S'.l 
 he was nominated 
 for sheriff on the 
 Democratic ticket, 
 and although he 
 made a noble race 
 the odds against him 
 were too great. His 
 great popularity was 
 shown by the fact 
 that in this cam- 
 paign he ran 3,000 
 votes ahead of the 
 next highest man on 
 the ticket. 
 .Mr. Rohan is an active member of the iler- 
 cantile Club, as well as a leading worker in the 
 Boiler Workers' Association of the United 
 States and Canada. At the meeting of the asso- 
 ciation in New York in 1888, he was elected 
 vice-president of that body. 
 
 In 1.S71 he was married to :\Iiss Celestine 
 Bouderdau, a lady of French descent, a native 
 of Thibadeauxville, Louisiana. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Rohan have one child, James, a bright and 
 promising young man who is now attending 
 college at ]\Iuuich, Germany. 
 
B/0(;A'. l/'///r. IL APPENDIX. 
 
 4.S1 
 
 SwASKY, W. Albert, son of John B. and 
 Hettie H. (Jewett) Swasey, was born in Mel- 
 bourne, Australia, October 11, 18(i;5. That lie 
 is an Australian by birth is due to the coincidence 
 of a trip to the island continent by his ])arents, the 
 father having business to see to in that quarter 
 
 Mr. Swasey prefers residences and club build- 
 ings to other work, though he has built many 
 fine churches, apartment houses and hotels. 
 Among his finest residences maybe mentioned 
 those of Mr. Sam'l M. Kennard and W. K. Bixby 
 in Portland place, and J. C. \ an Blarcom's at the 
 
 of the globe. Both his parents are natives of corner of King's Highway and Westmoreland 
 
 Newburyport, Massachusetts, and are direct place. The Pastime Athletic Club will always 
 
 descendants from the first settlers, and the ably represent his ability in working out com- 
 
 name of Swasey is familiar among the sons of plicated requirements to a successful result, 
 
 those who fought in the Revolutionary war. That he has merited and received a reward for 
 
 Mr. Swasey 's edu- 
 cation, after his pri- 
 mary teaching, be- 
 gan in a military 
 boarding school in 
 Paris, France, and 
 continued there un- 
 til the age of four- 
 teen, when he en- 
 tered the Boston 
 I^atin School, and 
 aftergraduating 
 there took the full 
 architectural course 
 at the Institute of 
 Technology in Bos- 
 ton, graduating with 
 honors in the year 
 1S,S2. Since that 
 \ear he has studied 
 his profession in the 
 best New York and 
 Chicago offices, and 
 abroad. In 18f^5, 
 
 attracted by the building boom which seemed 
 to be setting in at St. Louis, with a demand 
 for the higher class of architectural work. 
 
 this creation is 
 shown in the com- 
 missions he has re- 
 ceived forthreeother 
 athletic club houses 
 in various parts of 
 the country, wholly 
 because of the 
 Pastime building. 
 
 During the last 
 two years of his 
 practice, Mr. Swasey 
 has shown a decided 
 preference for colon- 
 ial work, and the 
 best examples of 
 this style in the city 
 are to be found in 
 his designs and in 
 the residences of Mr. 
 O. H. Peck ham, 
 Clinton Rowell, W. 
 C. ^IcCreery, George 
 W. Xiedringhaus, 
 W. B. Dean, V. \V. Woodworth, J. S. Fuller- 
 ton, A. H. Pirie, C. K. Barney, C. A. Young, 
 L. P:. Collins, Dr. J. G. Comstock, G. T. 
 Riddle, R. R. Hutchinson, W. G. Chappell, 
 
 ALBERT S\\ ASliV 
 
 Mr. Swasey came to the city and entered into 
 
 partnership with Mr. Chas. K. Ramsey, the D. C. Nugent, J. L. Glover, and many others, 
 
 firm, Ramsey & Swasey, existing for two years, where he has been .so successful that the resi- 
 
 Ou its dissolution Mr. Swasey continued archi- deuces above mentioned will always be a source 
 
 lectural practice alone, and during the la.st. seven of pleasure and pride to their owners as well 
 
 years has earned a reputation for which many as the people of St. Louis. 
 
 professional men have labored a quarter of a .Mr. Swasey married in October, IHStO, Miss 
 
 centnrv in vain, his position, professionally, Irene McNeal, of Tenne.s.see. He has one son. 
 
 l)eing at the top. McNeal, and one daughter, Irene Swasey. 
 31 
 
482 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Swift, William Henry, a man truly rep- 
 resentative of the American spirit and of the 
 West, was born in Cayuga county, New York, 
 March 27, 1832. As his father, Joseph P. Swift, 
 was sheriff of the county, an intimate personal 
 friend of Millard Fillmore, Judge Conklin and 
 other Whig leaders of the State, it may readily 
 be understood that the eminence the subject of 
 this sketch has attained in politics and civic 
 affairs was due almost as much to an inherited 
 tendency in this direction as to the operation of 
 environment upon his character. His robust 
 Americanism, amounting almost to a passion, is 
 accounted for by the fact that his paternal 
 ancestors came to this country in 1644, and 
 landed at Cape Cod, while his maternal ancest- 
 ors, the Stodards, reached the land of liberty 
 early in the seventeenth century. With the 
 early history of St. Louis the ancestors of ]\Ir. 
 Swift were conspicuously identified, a Major 
 Amos Stodard, his mother's uncle, having been 
 in command of the post of St. Louis when the 
 Territory of Louisiana was ceded, not without 
 regret upon the part of the Corsican, to the 
 United States. 
 
 Mr. Swift's schooling was not of that exhaust- 
 ive character that as often impedes as promotes 
 intellectual development. His attendance at the 
 public schools was of brief duration, for in 
 early life the glamour around the newspaper 
 profession, its opportunities for practical educa- 
 tion, its putting one in touch direct with the 
 whole world, attracted him, and serving an ap- 
 prenticeship in the office of the Auburn Adver- 
 tiser., published at Auburn, New York, learned 
 at the case the wisdom of the world, and gathered 
 an education in which theory was subordinated 
 to practice. Having mastered " the art pre- 
 servative " he, like all the sons of Faust and 
 Gutenberg, had his zvandcrjahre, and it was a 
 long one. He set type in all the cities of the 
 East and South, and earned a handsome liveli- 
 hood while seeing his country taking its first 
 great forward strides, and studying the forces 
 that were later to precipitate the cataclysm of 
 'lU to '65. In the year 1.S50 he found himself 
 in St. Louis, then in its first golden age, revel- 
 
 ing in the wealth that came to it by reason of 
 the passage through it of the wonderful caravans 
 of the Argonauts in search of another golden 
 fleece. He set type on all the larger papers and, 
 b}- reason of his skill, was made foreman of the 
 S/afe Journal, in which venture he also acquired 
 an interest. The paper for some years lived to 
 " fill a long-felt want," but finally succumbed, 
 published its Dying Swan editorial and filled 
 an untimely grave. 
 
 Abandoning the "case" and "stick," Mr. 
 Swift took up the pencil, and he is next found 
 as city editor of the St. Louis Dispatch, where, 
 within a very short time his executive skill, his 
 ability as a writer, and his sagacity in public 
 affairs, raised him to the supreme position of 
 editor-in-chief. The spirit of unrest that marked 
 the old-time journalist was strong in him, and 
 the next step in his career was the acceptance 
 of the control of the commercial and financial 
 departments on the Republican, which has since 
 been changed into the St. Louis Republic. 
 
 After the four years of particularly striking 
 work, and the demonstration of a strong journal- 
 istic instinct, joined with a strong character, 
 ^Nlr. Swift came to the same conclusion as tlic 
 eminent Frenchman who said, "Journalism 
 leads to anything, if one quits it in time." He 
 was personally known to every business man in 
 St. Louis, and to every politician and statesman 
 in city and State. He was popular, and when 
 he let it be known that he would like to be clerk 
 of the City Council, the ofHce immediately got 
 out and gave the man such a lively chase that 
 it caught up with him. He held the place for 
 two years, as that place was never held before 
 nor since. He was an oflficial whose forte seemed 
 to be omniscience. He was the parliamentary 
 arbiter, the legal adviser, the strategist, the 
 genius of the body, and the political skill he 
 had inherited from his ancestors, as well as the 
 marvelous judgment of human nature he had 
 acquired in his journeyman travels, made him 
 first an indispensable subordinate, and then a 
 leader of wonderful astuteness. He was not 
 turned from his purpose to win a fortune b>' his 
 political successes, and, an opportunity present- 
 
yp<r-c 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 483 
 
 in<j itself, he entered into partiiersliij) witli Jere- 
 miah Friiiii, a prominent contractor, who was 
 soon made aware of the fact that he had secured 
 an associate invahialjle in the securinjj;-of immense 
 contracts and in the manipulation, without 
 friction, of an army of emiiloxes not always the 
 most tractable. 
 
 After some years the partners in the contract- 
 injT business, Messrs. Fruin, Bambrick and Swift, 
 formed a corporation, under the title: "The 
 F'ruin-Bambrick Construction Company," of 
 which Mr. Swift is now president, and which is 
 known all o\er the United States as a concern 
 whose financial solidity is only part of its fame, 
 for its undertakings are always carried out in 
 good faith and to the satisfaction of all with 
 whom it has dealings. In politics, as well as in 
 business, jNIr. Swift has an enviable reputation 
 for square dealing. He has never been identi- 
 fied with the disreputable features of political 
 machinations, and his code of ethics has made 
 him respected, even by representatives of dis- 
 reputable politics, whose more glaring and 
 meretricious snccesses may have, from time to 
 time, eclipsed the steady and clean brillianc)- of 
 his methods. He has always been faithful to 
 his friends, and as magnanimous as consistenc)- 
 will admit of to his foes. In social life he is a 
 man welcome in all companies wherein intelli- 
 gence is an indispensable attribute of agree- 
 abilit\-. His literary skill and his experience 
 in the world make him a charming companion. 
 His wit is nimble and his humor kindly. In all 
 the minor offices of life he is a man of deep and 
 broad sympathy. He holds his wealth, without 
 Quixotism, in trust for the less fortunate of his 
 fellows, and his hand has a cunning in charity 
 that evades the gaze of the world in its opera- 
 tions. In his domestic relations Mr. Swift is 
 one of the happiest of men. Surrounded by a 
 family that loves him, he is passing the evening 
 of his days in a manner that demonstrates the 
 uprightness of his life, and that he has earned a 
 green old age. His .son, Roswell B. Swift, is 
 an eminently successful young business man, 
 and reproduces in his character all the strong, 
 as well as the kindlv, traits of his father. 
 
 Mkikr, Erxk.st Fkkdkkick Wii.i.i.vm, began 
 his business career in St. Louis as a clerk in a 
 retail grocery; to-day he is the proprietor of 
 one of the largest wholesale glass and queers- 
 ware houses in the West, and this briefly tells 
 his business success. He is the son of Frederick 
 and Sophia Meier, and was born November 18, 
 I'^^-'il, in the Province of Westphalia, Prussia. 
 His native place had excellent schools, and to 
 these young Ernest was sent until his eighteenth 
 year, in which he came to find a new home in 
 America, and locating in St. Louis, as before 
 stated, secured a position as clerk in a retail 
 grocery. Subseqnently he was employed as a 
 salesman, both in wholesale and retail clothing 
 stores, and thus gained considerable knowledge 
 of that business. He was both indn.strious and 
 economical, and eight years after he reached 
 St. Louis his integrity and industry had so far 
 gained him confidence of certain business men 
 that he was enabled to embark in business for 
 himself. Securing a partner in the person of .Mr. 
 Westermann, he opened a glass and queensware 
 store, under the firm name of Westermann & 
 Meier. The business con.stantly expanded, 
 until 1884, when Mr. Westermaijn retired. Mr. 
 .Meier assumed the entire control. The business 
 in the meantime had grown to such proportions 
 that more extensive quarters were made neces- 
 sary, and the stock was accordingly removed to 
 the premises at 511 and 51;^ North Main street, 
 where he now carries forward a wholesale glass 
 and queensware business on a very large scale, 
 doing more business, perhaps, than any similar 
 house in the West, its wares being known to the 
 farthest trade limits of St. Louis. 
 
 It is not in the business world alone that he 
 is highly esteemed; his reputation as a man of 
 character, distinguished by the soundest princi- 
 ples, is general. Mr. Meier has done his city 
 valuable service in an oflficial capacity, doing 
 such work as a duty, not as a step to subserve 
 self-interest or to gratify a personal ambition. 
 Moved by these impulses, he became a candidate 
 for the House of Delegates during the adminis- 
 tration of Mayor F'wing, ably representing the 
 FUeventh Ward, then known as the Twentv-first. 
 
484 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 He made such an excellent delegate, that subse- 
 quent to the expiration of his first term he was 
 elected to the Upper House. His course in ofilice 
 was marked b)^ conservatism, and no considera- 
 tion whatever could sway him from a course he 
 knew to be right. Every question on which he 
 was callsd to act met from him the fullest inves- 
 tigation. He was both able and fearless, and 
 never allowed political prejudice to interfere 
 with his judgment in his consideration of pub- 
 lic matters. Few men of strong character and 
 pronounced views on 
 almost every ques- 
 tion can subject their 
 political opinions to 
 public duty, and 
 that Mr. Meier was 
 strong enough to do 
 this, makes known 
 the fact that he is 
 possessed of the first 
 principle of genuine 
 statesmanship. 
 
 Mr. Meier has held 
 many positions of 
 trust and honor, 
 among the most im- 
 portant of which was 
 a directorship of the 
 Mullanphy Board , 
 and the treasurership 
 of the German Luth- 
 eran Synod. In July, 
 1887, he was elected 
 a member of the 
 Mullanphy Board, but resigned a year afterward, 
 as he was not in entire harmony with the other 
 members of the board relative to several reforms 
 he felt it necessary to inaugurate. He is a most 
 valuable and influential member of the German 
 Lutheran Synod, and for more than twenty years 
 has been the trusted treasurer of that body. 
 This is a most responsible position, as the 
 Synod embraces thirty-one States and Territo- 
 ries, and has under its control the schools of 
 this vast territory. For this reason an im- 
 mense amount of money passes through the 
 
 ERNEST FREDERICK \M 
 
 hands of the treasurer, and it is, perhaps, in 
 this office that Mr. Meier's sterling ability 
 and virtues have been best displayed. He 
 has handled the money of thirteen synodical 
 districts in a manner that proves him to be 
 a thorough financier, and since he has held 
 the office upward of a million dollars have 
 passed through his hands, ever}- dollar of 
 which has been scrupiilously accounted for 
 and applied to the best advantage. Every 
 member of the Synod recognizes the fact that 
 he is invaluable to 
 the church, and 
 pra)-s that his life 
 may be long spared 
 to carry forward the 
 good work, as they 
 feel that in case of 
 his death it would be 
 almost impossible to 
 secure a man for the 
 place who could do 
 the work with such 
 ability, and in whom 
 they could place such 
 entire and unquali- 
 fied confidence. 
 
 In April, 1858, Mr. 
 Meier was married to 
 Aliss Louisa Lange, 
 a resident of this city. 
 Nine children have 
 Ijeen born to them, 
 two of whom died 
 when very young, 
 children living are: 
 Pauline, Frederick, 
 
 the seven 
 , Louisa, 
 
 The names of 
 
 Albert, Otilie, 
 
 Alexander and Arthur. Of these, Otilie is now 
 
 the wife of a Lutheran minister located at St. 
 
 Paul, Minnesota, while Louisa and Pauline are 
 
 also married, their husbands being brothers, 
 
 who live in Chicago. 
 
 The family is an exceedingly happy and 
 interesting one, and the children are being trained 
 to follow the same rules of probity and industry 
 which have made their father not only prosper- 
 ous but liighly respected among his associates 
 
RIOGRAPHICAI. APPENDIX. 
 
 485 
 
 and fellow-men of all races and creeds. Mr. 
 Meier's life is in itself a nia<^nificent instance 
 of the trntli of tlie proverb that honesty is the 
 best policy. 
 
 Stevens, Alpha Tyler, was bom in P)alti- 
 more, :\Iaryland, Angust 4, 18(iO. He is the 
 son of George O. and Rebecca R. ( Tebbetts ) 
 Stevens, of that place. During his younger 
 vears he attended the public schools of his na- 
 tive citv, and afterwards took a finishing course 
 at the Baltimore 
 City College. At the 
 age of seventeen he 
 went to work in his 
 father's office as 
 book-keeper, which 
 position he filled 
 with entire satisfac- 
 tion untill^'SO, when 
 Deere, Mansur & 
 Company, of this 
 cit\', needing a good 
 man in their order 
 department, made 
 him an offer that he 
 could not afford to 
 decline. So he came 
 west, and has since 
 looked upon this as 
 his first step towards 
 fortune. He did not 
 remain in the order 
 department long, be- 
 ing soon made bill- 
 clerk, and from that was promoted to the posi- 
 tion of correspondent and salesman, waiting on 
 all customers who came to the city store to do 
 their buying, and soon so proficient did he be- 
 come that many of their best customers would 
 insist on being waited upon by him as he en- 
 joyed their fullest confidence. After he had 
 been in the employ of Deere, Mansur & Com- 
 panv for fi\e >ears, he had so advanced in the 
 confidence of his employers that much of the 
 buying was entrusted to him, and that they 
 found their confidence not misplaced is proven 
 
 by tlic fact that from tlie time that the trust was 
 first committed to him until he left tlicm to go 
 into l)u.siness for him.self ( a period of five years ), 
 he still continued to do their buying. During 
 his connection with the firm, Deere, Mansur & 
 Company dissolved, and Mansur & Tebbetts 
 Implement Company was organized, and when 
 he left the last named company in the fall of 
 I'SIIO, it was to the sincere and expressed regret 
 of his employers, for not only did they dislike 
 to lose him on account of his ability as a busi- 
 ness man, but they 
 also hated to lose a 
 man who, though 
 still \oung, had been 
 in their employ for 
 ten years, and with 
 whom their relations 
 had always been so 
 pleasant. 
 
 November 1, IHfK), 
 Mr. Stevens, in com- 
 pany with Mr. C. H. 
 Schureman and Mr. 
 William C. Abbott, 
 organized the Ste- 
 ve ns-Schu re man 
 Manufacturing Com- 
 pany — Mr. Stevens, 
 president — which 
 company was incor- 
 jiorated under the 
 laws of the State of 
 Missouri. Mr. Ste- 
 vens was a member 
 of the original syndicate who in 1884 laid out 
 the pretty suburb, Clifton Heights, where he 
 now resides. He is an official member of the 
 Clifton Heights Methodist-F.piscopal Church. 
 
 He was married. May 10, 1888, to Miss An- 
 nie A. Schureman, of this city. Two children 
 have been l)orn— Paul and Rebecca. 
 
 Kr.mss, John, was born in the year 1833, in 
 Grafensteinberg, Mittelfranken, Bavaria, and 
 he was educated at local schools until he at- 
 tained the age of thirteen and one-half years, 
 
 ^LPHA T. STEVENS. 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 when he commenced to Icani the blacksmithing 
 trade with his brother George. He continued 
 for three years at this work, and in ISoO left the 
 old country and emigrated to America. He 
 stayed for a short time in New York City, and, 
 after visiting Buffalo, Detroit and other cities, 
 he obtained employment at Saginaw, Michigan. 
 His fir-st experiences in the New World were 
 
 to the great depth of ;>,.S4.') feet. .\t the same 
 period he acquired a large interest in the Caron- 
 delet Zinc Works, of which he was appointed 
 managing director, and subsequently treasurer. 
 When the Carondelet Savings Bank suspended, 
 the zinc works were sold, and Mr. Krauss, who 
 was bondsman for the sheriffs and constables, 
 lost a large proportion of his hard-earned money. 
 
 not very encouraging, and during the winter he Just about the same time he sustained a heavy 
 walked to Detroit, where he obtained employ- loss in connection with the Klausman Brewery, 
 ment in Windsor, Canada, and subsequently in He had paid as much as $50,000 for beer from 
 
 the G e n d r i c k s 
 foundry. In l^oS, 
 Mr. Krauss moved 
 to Chicago, where he 
 was employed for 
 two years in the Mer- 
 kan car shops. 
 
 In 1855 Mr. Krauss 
 came to St. Louis, 
 and obtained a posi- 
 tion in the Wash- 
 in g t o n P h oe n i X 
 foundry. Two years 
 later, in 1857, he 
 moved to Caronde- 
 let, where he was 
 appointed first black- 
 smith for upwards of 
 nine years, with the 
 exception of the time 
 he spent as a soldier 
 during the war. He 
 rose from the rank 
 of a recruit to or- 
 derly sergeant, and was detailed to remain in 
 the shops and to protect the bridges and shops, 
 if necessary. 
 
 Being of a saving disposition, Mr. Krauss was 
 soon in a position to start in business for him- 
 self. He purchased a blacksmith shop and held 
 it for a few months, during which time he so 
 reorganized and improved it that he was able to 
 sell out at a very su1)stantial profit. 
 
 During the years 18(57 and 18(;8 he earned 
 quite a record for himself by boring the now 
 celebrated artesian well at the County Asvlum, 
 
 
 
 \^ '-■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 V / 
 
 r^. 
 
 ^^Hl ..f^ 
 
 L 
 
 JOHN KkALS>. 
 
 this establishment 
 during ten years, 
 and on the failure of 
 the brewery he was 
 prac t ical ly com- 
 pelled to purchase it 
 for S5(),000 to pro- 
 tect his own inter- 
 ests. He managed 
 the institution so 
 carefully and well 
 that its value .soon 
 increased to an 
 enormous extent, and 
 after he had held it 
 for about tweU'e 
 \ears he sold it to 
 the ,St. Louis Brew- 
 ing Association for 
 8(550,000, thus ac- 
 quiring a splendid 
 fortune out of what 
 had been in the first 
 place a forced pur- 
 chase. jVmong the prominent enterprises of 
 Carondelet that -Mr. Krauss has organized and 
 promoted to a standard of excellency may be 
 mentioned the Southern Commercial and Sav- 
 ings Bank of Carondelet, of which he is pres- 
 ident. He is president of the Carondelet Elec- 
 tric Light and Power Company, of which he 
 was principal incorporator and stockholder; of 
 the Walker Manufacturing Company; of the 
 Carondelet Milling Company; of the Carondelet 
 Home Mutual Insurance Company; and of the 
 Krauss Improvement and Investment Company. 
 
nrOGRAPHICAI. APPKNPIX. 
 
 48' 
 
 Mr. Krauss married in June, !«.")(;, Miss .Mary 
 Stomiiiel, and has one son and three daughters. 
 It is a matter of great pride to Mr. Krauss that 
 his chiklreu are among the strongest and finest 
 to l)c found in any part of the country. 
 
 HuNiCKK, Robert, is of German patentage, 
 altliough born in this counti-y, at Peoria, Illi- 
 nois, October lo, 1853. His father, William 
 Ilunicke, was a native of Bremen. His mother, 
 Ivmniy (Angelrodt) Hunicke, was a member of 
 one of the oldest and 
 uiost prominent Ger- 
 man families in St. 
 Louis, her father, 
 Mr. E.C. Angelrodt, 
 having .served for 
 several years as Ger- 
 man consul. 
 
 The subject of this 
 sketch attended the 
 Washington Univer- 
 sity of St. Louis up 
 to his seventeenth 
 vear, when he en- 
 gaged in the com- 
 mission 1) u s i u e s s 
 with his father, 
 where he remained 
 for two years, when 
 he accepted the po.si- 
 tion of assistant 
 teller and discount 
 clerk in the United 
 States Savings Insti- 
 tution of St. Louis, which position he was forced 
 to relinquish after three years, on account of ill 
 health. 
 
 Several months' rest at the northern lakes so 
 far restored him to health that in May, 1875, he 
 entered the employ of the Kan Claire Lumber 
 Company, remaining with them up to their 
 removal from St. Louis, and advancing step by 
 step until during the la.st three years of their 
 ■itav in St. Louis he held the important and 
 
 ROBERT HUNICK 
 
 He then determined to strike out for himself, 
 and in l.s.ss he purchased the branch yard. 
 Since then he has built up the business and con- 
 ducted the rapidl)- growing trade that he now 
 enjoys, and no man in tlie lumber trade is more 
 cou\-ersant with the business in its different 
 ramifications, his training while with the Eau 
 Claire Lumber Company, under Mr. Richard 
 vSchulenburg, having afforded him every ojjpor- 
 tuuity to manage the details of the business. 
 His domestic relations are of the mo.st pleasant, 
 and at his beautiful 
 home at Glcndale, a 
 suburb of St. Louis, 
 the surroundings are 
 all that a man of Mr. 
 H u n i c k e " s taste 
 could desire. 
 
 Mr. Ilunicke was 
 married b'ebruary 
 ■>i, ISSO, to Miss 
 Minnie Clark, of 
 S]Hiugfield. Mis- 
 souri. Thex- have 
 three children- 
 Paul August , Ri.bert. 
 Jr., a u d V. m m >■ 
 Prances, aged re- 
 spectively thirteen, 
 seven and two years. 
 In his private life 
 Mr. Hunicke is as 
 happy as he is suc- 
 cessful in his busi- 
 ness operations. 
 RiTi.KiK'.K, RoHHKT. — There are very few 
 men in St. Louis who were born west of Mis- 
 souri, but Robert Rutledge, the subject of this 
 sketch, has that distinction, having been born 
 at Gold Hill, Eldorado county, California, March 
 4, 1857, and is, therefore, thirty-six years of age. 
 His father, Edward Rutledge, caught the pre- 
 vailing gold fever in the early fifties, when men 
 rushed to California from every part of the globe. 
 
 Robert's mother, whose maiden name was J-Cliza- 
 espousible p'^sitim, of manager of their ])ranch beth Wray, could not consent to the years of 
 vard at I-ourteeuth street and Cass avenue. separation which she knew her husband'sdepart- 
 
488 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ure for the gold coast meant, and, tlierefore, 
 insisted on accompanying him. For this and 
 other reasons, the elder Riitledge did not attempt 
 the hardships and dangers of an overland jour- 
 ney, but made the trip by the way of the isth- 
 mus, which, in that day, although the safer 
 route, was not without its hardships and j^erils. 
 On reaching California the elder Rutledge 
 engaged in mining, a business he followed with 
 varying success for a number of years, and it 
 was while he was pursuing this avocation at 
 Gold Hill that Rob- 
 ert was born. 
 
 The lad received 
 his education in the 
 common schools of 
 California, attend- 
 ing them until about 
 sixteen \ears of 
 age. When seven- 
 teen years old, or in 
 1874, he left Cali- 
 fornia for St. Louis, 
 and on reaching this 
 city secured employ- 
 ment with the real 
 estate firm of S. D. 
 Porter &: Company. 
 Duringthe following 
 six years he acted as 
 the chief lieutenant 
 of this firm, being 
 in constant touch 
 
 with real estate af- 
 fairs, and not neg- 
 lecting to learn all that he could from the oppor- 
 tunities offered. His employers, realizing his 
 disposition to become a thorough real estate 
 man, and considering his value as such, made 
 him a member of the firm in 1880. Another 
 change in the personnel of the companv took 
 place four years later, or in 1884, when, Mr. 
 Porter desiring to retire, Claude Kilpatrick was 
 taken into the firm, the style of which became 
 Rutledge & Kilpatrick, and is so known at the 
 present time. 
 
 Both memljers of the firm are voung men and 
 
 ROBERT RUTLEDGE 
 
 have applied both brains and energy to the con- 
 duct of their business. The firm buys, sells and 
 rents real estate and houses, negotiates loans 
 and acts as a collector of rents. They repre- 
 sent one of the oldest real estate firms in St. 
 Louis, as the business which they now manage 
 has been in existence nearly half a century. 
 Mr. Rutledge is accounted one of the best versed 
 men in matters pertaining to real estate in the 
 city of St. Louis. 
 
 He is a student of all the conditions which 
 surround and enter 
 into that business, 
 and his judgment in 
 such niatters is sel- 
 dom at fault. In 
 his business affairs 
 his actions is mark- 
 ed with progressive- 
 uess, but at the same 
 time he is imbued 
 with a conservatism 
 which never allows 
 his progressiveness 
 to take him into the 
 field of wild and un- 
 certain speculation. 
 He is popular in- 
 side of his profession 
 as well as out of it, 
 and his urbanity and 
 affability have oper- 
 ated largely to ex- 
 tend the business of 
 his house. He is an 
 influential member of the Mercantile Club, and 
 is a person of athletics and a member of the 
 Pastime Athletic Club. 
 
 Mr. Rutledge has also taken some part in 
 local public work, and is regarded as an exceed- 
 ingly useful man in every capacit}-. His work 
 on the St. Louis School Board, although not in 
 au}- way sensational or designed to curry favor 
 with any class, has been marked by very distinct 
 business-like effort, and several of the reforms of 
 the last few years have been instigated by 
 him. His great argument has always been 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 that the same principles of economy and care 
 used in every-day business shonld be the polic\- 
 of a public body. 
 
 On November 17, l.s.Sl, Mr. Rntled,i;e was 
 nnited in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Cowden, 
 of Washington, Iowa. They have six children, 
 two sons and four daughters, named, respect- 
 ively, Robert C, Edward A., p;iizabeth W., 
 Marv E., Helen \V., and Alice R. 
 
 Abbott, William Ci 
 and Louisa C. ( Tay- 
 lor ) Abbott, was 
 1)0 rn in Pittsfield, 
 Illinois, Eebruary 2, 
 IS.')."!. He received 
 his early education 
 in the public schools 
 of Pittsfield, grad- 
 uating fro m the 
 High School, after 
 which he came to 
 St. Louis and took 
 a course at Jones' 
 Commercial College. 
 In the spring of 
 l!^71 he took a posi- 
 tion as ofhce-boy in 
 the wholesale fancy 
 grocery h o u s e of 
 Scott, Collins & 
 Company, then lo- 
 cated at ;")I<S North 
 Second street. 
 
 ARLKS, son of George 
 
 WILLIAM CHARLES ABBOTT. 
 
 He stayed with 
 this firm for five years, ha\-ing during that time 
 been advanced to the position of bill clerk, when 
 he left to accept a position as traveling salesman 
 with Pope, Lockwood & Company, dealers in 
 farm machinery and implements, at Ouincy, Illi- 
 nois. His territory was Northern Missouri, and 
 he carried it for ten years, building \\\i a mag- 
 nificent trade. 
 
 In l.S.SC he returned to St. Louis and took a 
 position with Mansur & Tebbetts Implement 
 Company, as traveling salesman, co\-ering the 
 same territor\- for them that he had worked on 
 
 for Pope, Lockwood & Company. His personal 
 ])opularity with his trade in North Missouri 
 made him a very valuable addition to the force 
 of .Mansur, Tebbetts & Company, and they 
 retained him until fall of ISIK), when he resigned 
 his position to become a member of the firm of 
 Stevens & Schureman Manufacturing Company, 
 Mr. .-Vbbott being elected secretary. The com- 
 pany was incorporated according to laws of the 
 State at its formation. 
 
 Mr. Abbott is a member of the Ouincy Lodge, 
 No. 2;m), Ouincy, 
 Illinois, of the Ma- 
 sonic Order, and of 
 the Pittsfield Com- 
 mandery, No. 49, of 
 Knights Templar. 
 He is also a member 
 of the Farmers' Ma- 
 chinery and Vehicle 
 .\ssociation of St. 
 Louis. 
 
 McNair.JoiixG., 
 sonof AntoineReigh 
 and Cornelia (Tiffen) 
 McNair, and grand- 
 son of the Hon. A. 
 R. McNair, first Gov- 
 ernor of the State of 
 Missouri, was born 
 in St. Louis, Decem- 
 ber 16, 1858. He 
 received an ^uca- 
 tion in the public 
 schools of St. Louis, and his first work after 
 leaving school was to engage as a messenger 
 for the Kansas Pacific Railway, a position he 
 filled for a year and then accepted a situa- 
 tion with the Greeley-Burnham Grocer Com- 
 ]ian\-, as messenger, later being promoted to 
 buyer of that house, which position he filled 
 for a term of si.x years. .A. nuich l^etter offer 
 being made him, he severed his connection 
 with the (yreeleN-Burnham Grocer Company 
 and accepted the ])osition of buyer for the firm 
 of Meyer P.rothers, in which capacity he served 
 
490 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 for four years, with honor to himself and profit 
 to the house. 
 
 He next embarked in the brokerage business, 
 with offices in St. Louis and Chicago, dividing 
 his time equally between the two places. In 
 1887 he moved to St. Joseph and embarked in 
 the real estate business, in which he was most 
 successful. In 1889 he returned to St. Louis, 
 where he purchased one hundred acres at Nor- 
 mandy, which he subdivided and platted as 
 "Normandy Heights." Next he subdivided 
 and platted the " Edgar Ames Addition to East 
 St. Louis." His business becoming very large, 
 Mr. J. H. Parish, who was then secretary and 
 general manager of the St. Joseph Gas Light 
 Company, resigned that position and associated 
 himself with Mr. McNair, and later on Mr. 
 F. R. Harris, of Memphis, Tennessee, became 
 a member of the firm. This co-partnership 
 proved a most solid and fortunate combination 
 of talent, and later on, upon the withdrawal of 
 Mr. Parish, was merged into the McNair & 
 Harris Real Estate Company. 
 
 Mr. McNair has made many large deals, hav- 
 ing purchased, subdivided and sold a number 
 of important additions, thus adding very mate- 
 rially to the growth and prosperity of the city. 
 Among the most important of these, after Nor- 
 mandy Heights and Edgar Ames Addition to 
 East St. Louis, maybe mentioned Tuxedo Park, 
 McNair's Addition to Madison, Illinois, and 
 Avery's Addition to Webster. 
 
 He has organized and is connected with a 
 great^ many companies and associations for the 
 purpose of controlling and improving real estate, 
 and is also interested in several of the largest 
 and most solid of building and loan associations, 
 notably the Superior Building and Loan Asso- 
 ciation, No. 1, capital $(500,000, of which he is 
 president, and the Superior Building and Loan 
 Association, No. 2, capital $600,000, of which 
 he is vice-president. 
 
 In addition to his vast real estate interests 
 Mr. McNair is also very largely engaged in the 
 fruit business, being the president and general 
 manager of the Inter-State Pruit and Land 
 Company, which company owns and cultivates 
 
 two of the largest fruit farms in the United 
 States, viz.: the ]\IcNair Pruit Parm, of Clay 
 county, Illinois, and the St. Elmo Pruit Parm, 
 of Oregon county, Missouri. 
 
 Mr. ]\IcNair has made an eminent success of 
 the line of work he has chosen, and he is looked 
 upon as a man who can accurately tell the value 
 of real estate, and is thoroughly conversant 
 with the conditions which affect its price. He 
 has business instincts which naturally fit him 
 for a real estate dealer, and no man is shrewder 
 or quicker in seeing all the advantages of a 
 trade than he. He knows all the details of the 
 real estate business, and realizing that it is bet- 
 ter to know one thing well than to know many 
 tilings, he has devoted himself to the task of 
 becoming a past master in his business, and is, 
 in fact, a real estate specialist. As a man he is 
 endowed with man}- amiable qualities, and in 
 contact with his fellow-men is inclined to be 
 genial, courteous and accommodating. Gener- 
 osity is one of his marked characteristics and 
 he is gifted with the power to make friends and 
 hold them. 
 
 Although he is a member of both the Univer- 
 sity and Jockey clubs, he devotes most of his 
 time, outside of business hours, to his home, 
 which is graced by a handsome and affectionate 
 wife, to whom he was married September 2;^, 
 1891. Before her marriage Mrs. IMcNair was 
 Miss Helen M. Bennett, of iMinneapolis, Min- 
 nesota. In politics Mr. McNair is a Democrat, 
 while in religious matters he gives his adher- 
 ence to the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Mi'RPHV, Joseph, son of James and Mary 
 (Holland) Murphy, was born on a farm near 
 Drogheda, in Ireland, Pebruary 2, 1805, and 
 when only thirteen years of age came to St. 
 Louis. His grandfather purchased a farm of 
 oOO acres near Creve CfEur Lake, and young 
 Murphy was sent out to him. On his arrival 
 here he found the farm mortgaged and out of his 
 possession, so he hired out to a farmer at Ploris- 
 sant, at a salary of $() a month. He kept the posi- 
 tion for two years, but in 1820 moved into the city 
 and commenced an ajjprenticeship to the wagon 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 491 
 
 making trade in tlie shop of Daniel Caster. He 
 kept close to the bench for fonr years, and by 
 the time he was twenty he was a competent 
 and exceptionally intelligent wagon maker. As 
 soon as he was ont of his time he entered into 
 the employment of John B. Gerard and vSamnel 
 and ]'.. Mount. 
 
 In l.Si'.'i .Mr. Murphy decided to engage in 
 business for himself, and he accordingly rented 
 half of the shop on East Main street in which 
 he had served his apprenticeship some years ago. 
 
 The hard-working 
 \oung Irishman soon 
 found his hands full, 
 and being compelled 
 tt) secure larger 
 quarters, rented a 
 shop on Second 
 street, between Mor- 
 gan and Cireen ( now 
 Christy). In IS."..') 
 the business again 
 outgrew the prem- 
 ises, and Mr. Murphy 
 ])urchased a lot on 
 Seventh and Mor- 
 gan, upon which he 
 erected a large and 
 convenient shop. 
 For twenty years he 
 carried on the busi- 
 ness here, and then 
 purchased a larger 
 lot from Jonas Moore 
 on Broadway, be- 
 tween Cass andO'Fallon, upon which he erected 
 a still larger shop. To these quarters he moved 
 his business and continued to carry it on success- 
 fully until in the year 1888, when, after a career 
 of sixty-three years, he retired from actixe work, 
 disposing of his interest to his sons. 
 
 Mr. Murphy had no capital to start with, and 
 it was nothing but hard work and discretion 
 that ha\-e made his fortune for him. Tlie Mexi- 
 can war and the Califoruiau exijcditimi brought 
 him an immense number of orders. Mr. Murphy 
 built a type of wagon which would stand the 
 
 J05LPU ,MLk 
 
 knocking about the absence of roads made in- 
 evita))le, and so honorably did he fulfill his 
 contracts during the Mexican war, that the 
 Government continued to patronize this St. 
 Louis pioneer until the building and opening of 
 raili-oads made them less dependent on wagons 
 for purposes of transportation. It was hard 
 work filling the orders, and it was often neces- 
 sary to travel sixty and .seventy miles up the 
 Missouri river in search of suitable timber, 
 which was rafted down to St. L,onis, and then 
 sjjlit up by hand, 
 there being no saw 
 mills in (operation. 
 
 To construct a 
 good wagon and one 
 that the Government 
 officials would ac- 
 cept was a serious 
 task, because no 
 ]xunt was used, and 
 it was therefore im- 
 ])()ssible to hide any 
 little defects by 
 means of an extra 
 coat, as feasible now. 
 Altogether over 
 i'(K),()0() w a g o n s 
 were built by Mr. 
 Murphy under his 
 immediate supervis- 
 ion, for not only did 
 he supply the Gov- 
 ernment almost ex- 
 clusively, but he also 
 k of the wagons used by 
 Thousands of 
 families moving to California in 1849, along the 
 much worn vSanta Fe trail, journeyed in Murphy 
 wagons, and those who were not so fortunately 
 equipped were dela\ed by constant break-downs 
 and accidents. 
 Mr. Murphy 
 he is a strong 
 
 He resides in a comfortable home on Washii 
 ton avenue, just west of Grand, where he 
 spending his honorable old age with his fami 
 
 provided the great 
 
 the earlier travelers westward 
 
 nearh- ninety years of age, but 
 arty man and a good talker. 
 
492 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Mr. Murphy has been thrice married, his present 
 wife being the daughter of John Higgins, of St. 
 Louis, who died in 1832. By this estimable 
 lady he has had ten children, of whom eight are 
 now living. He has also eight grandchildren. 
 
 Briggs, Waldo, M.D. son of Dr. William T. 
 and Anna (Stubbins) Briggs, was born at Bow- 
 ling Green, Kentucky, July 2,1854. He acquired 
 a liberal degree of education before entering the 
 University of Nashville, where he pursued a 
 literary course and 
 graduated with hon- 
 ors in 1870, secur- 
 ing the degree of 
 A.B. So great was 
 his ambition and de- 
 sire to pursue a 
 higher course of 
 study a n d develop 
 within himself the 
 natural characterist- 
 ics of a professional 
 man, that he entered 
 the medical depart- 
 ment of the \'ander- 
 bilt University o f 
 Nashville, Tennes- 
 see, where he toiled 
 and labored unceas- 
 ingly during a four 
 years' course, and 
 graduated in 1875, 
 among the first of his 
 class, when he well 
 
 merited the degree of Doctor of Aledicine. So 
 great was the Doctor's scope and natural ability 
 in his chosen profession that he was received 
 by the medical fraternity of the city of St. Louis, 
 to which city he came in 1877, and was given a 
 lectureship in the College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons of St. Louis as lecturer of operative 
 surgery, which chair the Doctor occupied in 
 1881. Having secureda hard-earned reputation, 
 as well as the confidence and esteem of his 
 associates, the Doctor was further tendered the 
 chair of professor of clinical surgery and genito- 
 
 urinary surgery in the Beauniont Medical Col- 
 lege, which he accepted in 1884. He has also 
 been chosen as consulting surgeon of the City 
 and Female hospitals. The Doctor stands among 
 the first surgeons of to-day, and as a professor, 
 second to none of his contemporaries. The op- 
 eration upon which the fame of Dr. Briggs will 
 probably re.st in the future is that called by him 
 "The extra-abdominal method of treatment of 
 wounds of the intestines." It consists briefly 
 of laparotomy performed in the usual way. The 
 wounded intestine is 
 brought into view 
 and the wound re- 
 paired as described 
 later on. A ring of 
 peculiar form is then 
 inserted into the ex- 
 ternal wound, and 
 the intestine is se- 
 cured thereto by 
 means of pins passed 
 through the mesen- 
 tery, .so that it re- 
 mains for the time- 
 being outside of the 
 abdominal c a \- i t \- 
 ( instead of b e i n g 
 dropped back to its 
 natural position, as 
 hitherto). It is cov- 
 ered with a pad of 
 absorbent cotton by 
 liivKids. suitable means until 
 
 reparation has pro- 
 gressed to a point where there is no further 
 danger of any of the accidents which formerly- 
 made laparotomy for wounds of the intestines 
 so fatal, viz.: tearing out of sutures, escape of 
 fecal matter into the cavity, and consequent 
 peritonitis, etc. The pins are then removed, 
 the intestine replaced, and at the proper time 
 the external wound is closed. The method of 
 reparation of the injury to the intestine is en- 
 tirely new, and involves some very interesting his- 
 tological questions that are not yet satisfactorily 
 worked out. We can, of course, merely allude 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 493 
 
 to the matter here, and would refer the reader 
 wIk) takes interest in it to Dr. Bri<jgs' article on 
 the operation, which appeared in the St. Louis 
 Medical and Surgical Journal inthe yearsof 18!:K) 
 and 1891. When the wounds in the intestine 
 are located, they are treated by the usual sur- 
 gical method, except that the sutures are less fre- 
 quent than has hitherto been customary. Dr. 
 Briggs then envelops the intestines at the site 
 of the wound in a prepared animal membrane 
 (from the kidney fat of sheep or bullock), 
 which is very lightly stitched to place. In the 
 course of a very short time the membrane 1)e- 
 comes firmly adherent to the intestine through- 
 out, changes its color, and to all intents and 
 purposes becomes a part of the intestinal walls, 
 thus reinforcing them so that a rupture at the 
 wounded point is impossible. 
 
 This principle (the extra-abdominal ) is appli- 
 cable to a vast range of injuries hitherto con- 
 sidered almost necessarily fatal. Strangulated 
 hernia, with gangrene of the intestines, for in- 
 stance, is easily reparable in this manner; and 
 as a matter of fact. Dr. Briggs has several times 
 within the past years operated successfully in a 
 number of desperate cases of this sort, remov- 
 ing inches, and even feet, of gangrened intestine 
 and reuniting the healthy ends of the gut by 
 the membranous method. Complete and rapid 
 recovery ensued in every instance, though in at 
 least two cases the sufferers were aged people, 
 and their condition was dangerous before an op- 
 eration would be permitted. Dr. Briggs has 
 also distinguished himself by other departures 
 from old rules and operations in surgery, nota- 
 bly in his "lumbar method" of nephrectomy 
 and nephrotomy, and by his successes in the 
 direction for which his father has earned so high 
 ' and well-deserved a reputation, viz.: lithotomy. 
 His benevolent disposition is proverbial among 
 all who know him, and is only second to his 
 (juiet, uno.stentatious demeanor, which never 
 fails to elicit the esteem and respect of all who 
 come in contact with him — a truly high-minded 
 and polished gentleman. But few men possess 
 in a more marked degree the well-merited con- 
 fidence and the warm friendship of his fellow-men . 
 
 The Doctor married Miss N. G. (iraN-, of Cen- 
 tralia, Illinois, in April 1888, from which union 
 they have one child, Ma.ster Gray Briggs, now 
 in his seventh year. 
 
 GLOG.\r, E-MiLE William, born 11th day of 
 February 1857, in Teplitz, in the northern part 
 of Austria. His father's name was William; his 
 mother's, Babette. His father was a manu- 
 facturer of all kinds of knitted goods, mostly on 
 contract for the government. He was the first 
 one to give employment to females in a factory. 
 
 E. W. Glogau was educated in the Freemason 
 School (Freimauerer Schule) in Friedrichstadt, 
 near Dresden, Germany. From there he was 
 sent by his father to England for two years, and 
 then to Rlieims, France, to a weaving school. 
 His father's intention was to make him a manu- 
 facturer, so that he might some day take the 
 succession of the works in the northern part of 
 Austria. Instead of returning to .\ustria he 
 settled in Paris, where he entered into a general 
 commission business — a specialty of rags and 
 shoddy. The latter was imported from Eng- 
 land exclusively. He brought this business to 
 such a climax that the attention of some of the 
 "Grand Industriels" was drawn to it, and they 
 succeeded in 1878 to form a syndicate for the 
 erection of large factories for this article, and also 
 the passage of a tariff which placed a high duty 
 on shoddy and also an export duty on every bale 
 of rags which went out of France. This natu- 
 rall\- brought Mr. Glogau's business to a close. 
 
 In 1879 Mr. Glogau came to America, more 
 upon the warm invitation of his .Vmerican 
 friends, whom he met in Paris, who kej)t 
 telling him "your place is America." But 
 his first visit to America was of short dura- 
 tion. He felt too homesick for "beau Paris," 
 and went back, but returned again to America 
 in 1881, backed by a French syndicate, and 
 introduced in this country the first grand Battle 
 Panorama. The first one in New York was 
 the Siege of Paris, painted by Phillippoteaupere, 
 which took the New York public by storm, and 
 it was at the opening of this panorama that Gen. 
 Grant, who was present, suggested to Mr. 
 
494 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Glo<^au that tlie artists engajjed by the syndicate 
 paint some of the American battle scenes, and 
 he wrote in Mr. Glogau's memorandnm book, as 
 most interesting subjects, the battle of Gett\s- 
 bnro ( Pickett's charge on the third da\- ) and 
 the siege and surrender at Vicksburg. 
 
 Both these subjects were executed — the former 
 was placed in Chicago, in 18X3, and has been 
 open to the public ever since, and the latter was 
 taken to New York, and subsequently to San 
 Francisco. 
 
 Mr. Glogau event- 
 ually purchased all 
 the interests of the 
 French syndicate 
 and formed an Amer- 
 ican syndicate, com- 
 posed mostly of Chi- 
 cago, New York and 
 San Francisco ca]H- 
 talists, remaining at 
 its head until he re- 
 tired from this busi- 
 ness in 188(3, after 
 dividing among his 
 partners over one 
 million dollars i n 
 ])rofits. 
 
 Returning to New 
 York, he found 
 tilings awfully slow 
 there. He returned 
 west again and pur- 
 chased from one of 
 the Chicago capital- 
 ists an interest in the ground lease of the prop- 
 erty on Sixth and Olive streets, where the pres- 
 ent Commercial Building stands, but not with 
 the intention of locating in St. Louis. 
 
 His frequent visits to St. Louis soon convinced 
 him that St. Louis was a splendid field for iu- 
 ve.stment in real estate, and in the fall of 1S.S7 
 he decided to locate here. His transactions in 
 real estate since have been very numerous, 
 among others, he leased the property where the 
 present Union Trust Building stands, and in the 
 same manner in which he organized the corpora- 
 
 EMILE WILLI 
 
 tion which erected the Commercial Building he 
 financiered and supervised the erection of the 
 Union Trust Building, and also the St. Nicholas 
 Hotel, now in course of completion, at Eighth 
 and Locust, also the closing of lease for corner 
 of Market and Twentieth street, for the Termi- 
 nal Railroad Association, for the erection of the 
 Union Depot Hotel, which is to be completed by 
 January first next. 
 
 In LS8il he married Miss Eleanor B. Bunzl, 
 daughter of M. Julius Bunzl, of New York, a 
 highly esteemed 
 merchant of New 
 York, and noted 
 philanthropist. 
 
 Air. Glogau comes 
 from parents who 
 were "free think- 
 ers," and so does his 
 wife, though he only 
 joined, since his lo- 
 cating in St. Louis, 
 the Ethical Culture 
 Society. He visits all 
 churches, and takes 
 a great deal of inter- 
 est in church mat- 
 ters. His great 
 hobby is the making 
 of rounds of all 
 churches, visiting a 
 different church 
 e\'ery Sunday. 
 
 Politically he is a 
 staunch Republican, 
 but is willing to admit that there are two sides to 
 every argument, and he is always glad to dis- 
 cuss, on neutral ground, questions of special 
 importance. 
 
 Lkwi.s, Br.\xsford. — St. Louis is excep- 
 tionally fortunate, not only in the standing 
 of its numerous medical practitioners, whose 
 reputation has extended beyond the limits of 
 the city or State, but also in its medical 
 writers and editors. Prominent among these 
 is Dr. Bransford Lewis, who was born in 
 
BIOCRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 495 
 
 November, l!S(i2, at St. Charles, ^Missouri, 
 his father, Edward A. Lewis, being asso- 
 ciate judj^e of the State Supreme Court of 
 ^Missouri. His early education was acquired 
 at the local public schools, and later at Wash- 
 ington University. In 1881 he entered the 
 Missouri Medical College, where he graduated 
 in 1.S.S4. After passing a competitive exam- 
 ination, he was appointed assistant physi- 
 cian at the City Hospital, occupying a similar 
 position later at the Female Hospital and the 
 Poor House. His 
 services were found 
 to be sufficiently val- 
 uable to warrant his 
 advancement to the 
 assistant s u p e r i n- 
 tendency of the Cit\- 
 Hospital, which po- 
 sition he maintained 
 for two years, resign- 
 ing in 1889, in order 
 to commence private 
 practice. In 18!H) 
 he was appointed 
 editor of the ll'cckly 
 Mcc/ical Rcz'ic-u\ and 
 also lecturer in gen- 
 ito-urinary surgery 
 and venereal dis. 
 eases at the ^lissouri 
 Medical College. In 
 1891 he resigned the 
 editorship of the 
 Weekly Medical Rc- 
 
 vietVy and went to Europe, where he continued his 
 studies in some of the leading hospitals of the 
 Old World. Returning in 1892, in connection 
 with a number of eminent physicians, some re- 
 siding in St. Louis, and some in other cities, he 
 commenced the publication of the Medical Forl- 
 nig/itly, of which he is editor. The /•'orhiig/illy 
 has already attracted great attention, and is 
 destined to become one of the most important 
 medical periodicals published. 
 
 Dr. Lewis is a member of the American Asso- 
 ciation of Genito-Urinary Surgeons, of the St. 
 
 Louis Medical Society, the City Hospital ]\Ied- 
 ical Society ( in the organization of which he 
 was largely instrumental ), the Missouri State 
 Medical Society, the Mississippi Valley Medical 
 Association, and the American Medical Associa- 
 tion, the National Association of Railway Sur- 
 geons, the American Medical Editors' Associa- 
 tion, the Missouri Valle}* Medical Association, 
 Missouri Medical College Alumni Association, 
 member of the Mercantile Club of St. Louis. 
 He is also an honorary member of the St. Charles 
 County Medical So- 
 ciety. He is con- 
 sultant in genito-uri- 
 nary surgery to the 
 Missouri Pacific and 
 Iron Mountain Hos- 
 pital, the City Hos- 
 pital, Female Hos- 
 pital, Baptist Sani- 
 tarium and Hospital, 
 and to St. ^Mary's In- 
 firmary of St. Louis. 
 Dr. Lewis is un- 
 married. He is one 
 of the brightest 
 \oung physicians of 
 Missouri, and has a 
 brilliant future be- 
 fore him, both local 
 and national. He 
 has originated sev- 
 eral surgical devices 
 DR. B. LEWIS. and methods of treat- 
 
 ment that have mer- 
 ited the emphatic praise of his medical breth- 
 ren, both at home and abroad. 
 
 Gr.wes, Spen'CKR Colkm.\n, M.D., son of 
 George O. and Kizzie Hood Graves, was born 
 June (3, 1858, in Montgomery county, Kentucky, 
 where his father was practicing as a physician. 
 He was educated in the common schools of 
 Fayette county, Kentucky, after which he at- 
 tended the Winchester High School and Center 
 College, at Danville, after which he pursued his 
 studies at Cornell University, where he nuule 
 
496 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 rapid progress and secured a classical educa- 
 tion. 
 
 Selecting medicine as a ijrofession, he entered 
 the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New- 
 York City, where he studied for three years, 
 graduating with honors in 1888. He then en- 
 tered the competitive examination for admittance 
 into the Charity Hospital on Blackwell's Island, 
 and, being successful, remained with that insti- 
 tution for eighteen months, and then again 
 graduated. In 188;'^ he came to St. Louis, in 
 which city he has 
 since practiced medi- 
 cine. He was instru- 
 mental in the organ- 
 ization of the Beau- 
 mont Hospital Med- 
 ical College, among 
 othereminent physi- 
 c i a n s , and was 
 elected to the chair 
 of professor of minor 
 and operative sur- 
 gery. 
 
 The Doctor is a 
 prominent member 
 of the St. Louis Med- 
 ical Society, the 
 American Medical 
 Association, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society, 
 Mississippi Vallev 
 Medical Association 
 and other societies of 
 physicians and sur- 
 geons. He is a well-known contributor to a large 
 number of prominent medical journals, and his 
 writings are always read with a great deal of in- 
 terest, having in them the expression of much 
 thought and deep study. He is one of the col- 
 laborators of the Medical Fortnightly, a young, 
 but substantial journal, which is rapidly coming 
 to the front. As a physician. Dr. Graves is very 
 popular, and has gained a large and lucrative 
 practice. His medical education has been ex- 
 ceptionally complete, and as he is one of those 
 men who consider a num must be alwavs learn- 
 
 ing and acquiring information in order to keep 
 up with the times, he studies continuousl)- and 
 allows no important medical discussion or dis- 
 covery to pass without investigation and close 
 He is a well-known societ}' man, highly re- 
 spected by a large circle of friends, in addition 
 to those who recognize his ability in the profes- 
 sion he has made his own. 
 
 ;\IcLarax, 
 and Annie i 
 
 ROKKR'I 
 
 Jennini; 
 
 ROBERT L. Mcl.ARAN. 
 
 L., a son of Charles 
 ) McLaran, was born 
 January 27, 18t)2, 
 St. Louis being the 
 place of his nativity. 
 Here he has also 
 lived all his life, was 
 here educated, and 
 this city has been the 
 scene of the begin- 
 ning of his life-work 
 in his chosen profes- 
 sion, the law. He 
 entered the Wash- 
 ington University in 
 his boyhood, and re- 
 ceived his entire ed- 
 ucation at that insti- 
 tution. Subsequent 
 events have devel- 
 oped the fact that he 
 was fortunate in his 
 choice of a profes- 
 sion, as his talents 
 seem well adapted to 
 the practice of law. 
 He began his legal studies by attending a 
 course of lectures for a year at the St. Louis 
 Law School (a branch of the Washington Uni- 
 versity), was admitted to the bar in 1884, and 
 then entered the law office of Laughlin & Taylor, 
 where he continued the prosecution of his studies, 
 which were supplemented by practical law work. 
 UjJon the dissolution, in 1886, of the partner- 
 ship existing between Judge Laughlin and Mr. 
 Mortimer F. Taylor, Mr. McLaran became asso- 
 ciated with the latter, forming a partnership 
 which was maintained until 1892. 
 
BIOGRAPHIC A r. APPENDIX. 
 
 497 
 
 Although he has given every branch of juris- 
 ])rucleiice careful study, Mr. McLaran has adopted 
 the practice of corporation law as his specialty; 
 and his connection with Mr. Taylor, whose abil- 
 il\- and learning in that branch of law is gener- 
 allv recognized, has given him exceptional op- 
 portunities of becoming thoroughly acquainted 
 with all its diflficult details. 
 
 Mr. ]\IcLaran, although a young man, has 
 won for himself, through energy and integrit}-, 
 a well-defined position in the courts, and is now 
 regarded as a sound 
 and reliable lawyer. 
 He takes a lively in- 
 terest in political and 
 public affairs, but is 
 too deeply devoted 
 to his profession to 
 ever become what is 
 known as a "prac- 
 tical politician." In 
 political faith he is 
 a Democrat, and is 
 one of the active pro- 
 moters of the success 
 of that party. Mr. 
 McLaran is a bach- 
 elor. 
 
 The future con- 
 tains much that is 
 Ijrilliant and grati- 
 fying for this ]iopu- 
 larand talented law- 
 yer, who is iini\ers- 
 ally admired. 
 
 EsTES, Fr.\nk M. — Frank M. Estes bears a 
 family name that is as old and as honored as any 
 in the South, and many noted men have added to 
 its luster. He was born in Haywood county, 
 Tennessee, August 2(5, l!S.'i4. He received his 
 early collegiate education at McGill University, 
 Montreal, Canada, completing it at that re- 
 nowned seat of learning, the University of Vir- 
 ginia, where he received special instruction in 
 the ethics of law, having early in life determined 
 to adopt that noble profession as his life-work. 
 
 Quitting school, he came to St. Louis, reach- 
 32 
 
 FRANK M. ESTES 
 
 ing the city in IST.'i. He at once set about giv- 
 ing his legal equipment the polish of a post- 
 graduate course at the St. Louis Law School, 
 following the completion of which he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, and ever since has been a 
 successful practitioner. His course has been 
 constantly upward from the beginning, and but 
 few years had elapsed ere he had won high rank 
 in the membership of a bar noted for its brill- 
 iancy and ability. 
 
 In the two decades he has practiced in the 
 courts of St. Louis 
 and the Mississippi 
 \'alley he has figured 
 in many cases of im- 
 portance, and in all 
 has shown himself a 
 lawyer of learning, 
 shrewdness and abil- 
 ity. As an orator his 
 st\le is graceful and 
 polished, but these 
 qualities in no sense 
 detract from the force 
 and vigor of his ex- 
 pression. He is a 
 genuine American of 
 many generations of 
 natural development 
 and, therefore, is a 
 thorough politician 
 in the broader mean- 
 ing of the word. 
 Not withstanding 
 that he has taken the 
 nterest in every political campaign for 
 is far too devoted to the law to lav it 
 
 liveliest i 
 }ears, he 
 aside to become a holder of an oflfice. 
 
 Although he has frequently been solicited, he 
 has only accepted offices, the nature of which 
 showed his patriotic and disinterested motives, 
 such as chairman of the Democratic Central Com- 
 mittee. His kindnes has been also taken ad\-an- 
 tage of by the Missouri Bar Association, of which 
 he acted as secretary for some time. He likewise 
 served the Elks Club as president, and was at one 
 time Supreme Chancellorof the Legion of Honor. 
 
498 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Mr. Estes returned to his native State to find 
 a wife, in the person of Miss Donie Phillips, 
 of Dyersburg, Tennessee, a lady of excellent 
 family, and of great beauty. Two children 
 have blessed this union. 
 
 Nelson, W. P. — One of the progressive and 
 public-spirited men who have done much to 
 bring St. Louis into the proud position of one of 
 the great cities of the earth is W. P. Nelson, the 
 real estate agent. Of course, in working to ex- 
 tend, advertise and 
 build up the city, he 
 has built up and ad- 
 vanced his own inter- 
 ests, but the credit 
 for what he has done 
 for St. Louis is no 
 less due him on tliat 
 account. 
 
 Mr. Nelson is a 
 nati\-e of the cit\- in 
 which he lives, hav- 
 ing been born here 
 June 25, 1.S47. He 
 is the son of Wni. vS. 
 and Catharine Nel- 
 son, who came from 
 the Sjiate of New 
 York, whither, when 
 he was seven years 
 of age, the parents 
 again sent him to 
 obtain the benefit of 
 that invigorating 
 
 climate. In the northern part of that State, the 
 boy, whose brief biography is here written, 
 spent his boyhood. The rugged climate of that 
 region assisted in giving him a hardy constitu- 
 tion, thus conferring the most valuable of all 
 gifts as a foundation on which to build alonglife. 
 
 When William was fifteen j-ears of age he 
 returned to St. Louis. The northern part of 
 New York has excellent public schools, and in 
 these the lad mastered the common branches of 
 learning, but shortly after he returned to St. 
 Louis, where intendiu": to obtain a finislied 
 
 education, he entered Wyman University , at that 
 time one of the first colleges of the city, and 
 which was located at Sixteenth and Pine. He 
 industriously applied himself, and as a result, 
 graduated from the institution as valedictorian 
 of his class with high honors. 
 
 When he left school, he had reached his nine- 
 teenth year, and clerked for the mill furnishers, 
 G. and W. Todd & Company, for two years, when 
 he took charge of his father's books, who was a 
 contracting engineer, and was formerly a part, 
 ner of Jas. B. Eads. 
 At the time to which 
 we refer, the elder 
 Nelson had the con- 
 tract for building the 
 caissons of the Ead's 
 bridge and the ap- 
 proach and he was 
 given employment 
 in connection with 
 this and other con- 
 tracts. On the com- 
 pletion of these, his 
 father went south to 
 assist Capt. Eads in 
 the Jetties project. 
 W. P. Nelson had a 
 desire to be inde- 
 pendent, and being 
 entirely without 
 means, he started a 
 collection business. 
 Seeing the great 
 
 =LSON. * '^ 
 
 profit real estate 
 would return to the man with enough foresight 
 to get in on the ground floor, as the city was 
 ju.st then shaking off the lethargy induced by 
 the war, and was just beginning her real growth , 
 he added the business of real estate agent in 
 1874 and 1875, as W. P. Nelson & Company. 
 
 In 1881 the style of the firm was changed to 
 Gray & Nelson, Mr. B. V. Gray, Jr., being part- 
 ner, which lasted seven profitable years, being 
 amicably dissolved in 1887. In 1888 he asso- 
 ciated with him ;\Ir. O. L. Mersman, under the 
 name of Nelson & ^lersman, which firm is 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 W 
 
 now one of the foremost in the cit\- in its Hue. 
 
 Mr. Nelson is a memberofthe Mercantile and St. 
 I/mis clubs. He is abeliever in cluband society 
 organizations, audislikewiseamemberof the Or- 
 der of United Workmen, and the Royal Arcanum. 
 
 Mr. Nelson is a very domestic man in his 
 tastes and habits; his wife was a Miss Lilian 
 Waters, daughter of Jaures L. Waters, one of 
 the oldest and most substantial wholesale grocers 
 of St. Louis. 
 
 It may be noted here, that Mr. Nelson is one 
 of the progressive 
 l)usiness men of St. 
 Ivouis. He belongs 
 to that class of 
 \'ounger St. Louis 
 men with iron in 
 their l)lood, who by 
 their combined en- 
 ergy and industry 
 ha\-e builded a great 
 city. 
 
 Not the least in- 
 dustrious and in- 
 fluential of these is 
 Mr. Nelson, whose 
 work has been of a 
 high order, and 
 whose success has 
 been well earned. 
 He is now in the 
 jirinie of life and is 
 still gi\iug his best 
 a 1 1 e n t i o n to his 
 work. 
 
 ()RK, I.S.\.\C H., the well known and success- 
 ful lawyer of thi.s city, is the son of William C. 
 and P^liza Orr, liis mother's maiden name hav- 
 ing been Jordan. 
 
 Mr. Orr is a member of that distinguished 
 vSt. Louis colony, known as the " Pike counts- 
 people." Pike county has produced dozens of 
 men who have come to St. Louis, and by their 
 native ability and industry have walked steadily 
 forward to j^ositions of leadership in law, poli- 
 tics and business. Pike county has been espe- 
 cially kind to vSt. Louis in the gift of men wluj 
 
 ISAAC H. ORR. 
 
 ha\'e become distinguished lawyers. .And when 
 the list is cited of able lawyers who look back 
 to old Pike as their birthplace, the name of 
 Isaac H. Orr is never omitted, for he is consid- 
 ered as one of the able sons of whom that great 
 county is proud. 
 
 Mr. Orr first saw the light of da>- on February 
 14th (St. Valentine's day ), IsCi!, in the town of 
 Louisiana. Hepas.sed his youth as do most bovs, 
 attending the excellent public school at Louisi- 
 ana, until he had acquired a thorough common 
 school education. 
 He took the regular 
 course at the St. 
 Louis Law School, 
 and graduated there- 
 from in June, 1.S.S8, 
 and was at once ad- 
 mitted to the bar, and 
 opened an office and 
 huugout his shingle. 
 At first the shingle 
 contained o u 1 }■ 
 his own name, but on 
 November 1, l.ssc, 
 he formed a partnei"- 
 ship with Harvey L. 
 Christie, and the 
 firm of Orr & Christie 
 thus constituted, 
 continued until Fel.i- 
 ruary 1, I.S!i;i, at 
 which time Mr. John 
 L. liruce entered the 
 c o - p a r t n e r s h i ]5 , 
 nider the firm name of 
 
 which still continues 
 ( )rr, Christie & Bruce. 
 
 Mr. Orr takes an active interest in politics, 
 for all Pikers are natural born politicians, but 
 he is in no respect a seeker of official prefer- 
 ment at the hands of his party. He is a staunch 
 and conscientious Republican. 
 
 Mr. Orr was brought up in a chri.stiau family, 
 and received a religious training. He has never 
 departed from the faith taught him by his mother, 
 and is to-day an active and influential member of 
 theCumberland Presbyterian Church of thiscity. 
 
500 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 He has been for some )-ears one of the direct- 
 ors of the Law Library Association, which is 
 considered a position of no small honor among 
 the legal profession. 
 
 On Jnly 19, 1893, Mr. Orr was married to 
 Miss Ella Virginia Pitman, daughter of the well- 
 known Professor R. H. Pitman, of Sau Jose, 
 California. 
 
 Darst, Joseph C, son of James E. and 
 Mary Anne (Hartnett) Darst was born in Alay, 
 1858, on the home- 
 stead now so popu- 
 lar as a suburban 
 home site, at Fergu- 
 son, just beyond the 
 city limits of St. 
 Louis. He attended 
 the public schools 
 for three years, and 
 then entered the old 
 St. Louis University 
 on Ninth and Wash- 
 ington aveniie, 
 where he remained 
 for five years, recei\- 
 ing a splendid edu- 
 cation, and gradu- 
 ated in 1876. For 
 the following nine 
 years, he had charge 
 of the farm, on which 
 he was born, thereby 
 acquiring a great 
 amount of practical 
 information as the result of 
 
 In 1886, he removed to tl 
 diately became interested i 
 
 JOSEPH C. DARST. 
 
 ird work, 
 city, and imme- 
 
 the Cantine Coal 
 Company, in which business he continued until 
 1889, when having become sole proprietor, he 
 sold out to Messrs. Mathews and Nicholson. 
 During this time he had taken an active inter- 
 est in the real estate of the city, and finding 
 himself unencumbered by other business ties, 
 he formed a co-partnership with his brother-in- 
 law, under the firm name of Darst & Milten- 
 berger, for the purpose of dealing in real estate. 
 
 as brokers. The offices of this firm were located 
 at 804 Chestnut street. The firm did a verv 
 profitable business, until the year 1891, when 
 the partnership was dissolved by mutual con- 
 sent, and each member continued business on 
 his own account. 
 
 ]\Ir. Darst is an exceptionally successful real 
 estate operator. While not by any means con- 
 fining his operations to suburban property, he 
 has made a specialty of this class of business, 
 and has made many thousands of dollars for his 
 clients by his good 
 advice, and by per- 
 suading them to act 
 upon it before the 
 rise in value which 
 he was able to fore- 
 see. Darst Place, his 
 old home and birth- 
 place, at Ferguson, 
 is becoming one of 
 the most popular and 
 best improved of the 
 many suburban sub- 
 divisionsof St. Louis 
 and some of the prop- 
 erty controlled by the 
 Fruit Hill Realty 
 Company, of which 
 Mr. Darst is secre- 
 tary and treasurer, 
 is also exceptionally 
 desirable in ever}- re- 
 spect. He is also in- 
 terested in other 
 elegant home districts, and is able to put appli- 
 cants in possession of the choicest residences and 
 locations. He is an expert in building associa- 
 tion's methods, and is treasurer of the Hum- 
 boldt, admitted to be one of the soundest institu- 
 tions of the kind in existence. His genial man- 
 ner, earnestness in his work, and constant watch- 
 fulness for the interests of his clients, account 
 in a great measure for his success, and promise 
 to make him one of the most prominent realty 
 men in the West. Mr. Darst is a member of the 
 Marquette Club, and a popular West End man. 
 
RIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 501 
 
 He married in the year 188(), Miss Annie 
 ^liltenberger, daughter of Eugene Miltenberger, 
 wlic) was a prominent and very highly esteeured 
 business man in this city, and for a num1)er of 
 years in partnership witli his ljrother-in-ia\v, 
 Boge. 
 
 j\[r. Darst has four children, Marion, Josf])h 
 A., and Lawrence M. and Alice. 
 
 Kn.PATRiCK, Ci.AUDK, is a successful and ]K)p- 
 ular real estate agent and operator, and a mem- 
 ber of the firm of 
 Rutledge & Kilpat- 
 rick. He was born 
 in Huntsville, Ala- 
 bama, November 11, 
 I.SIO, his father be- 
 ing Dr. Thomas J. 
 Kilpatrick, who was 
 practicing medicine 
 at that period i n 
 Huntsville. His 
 mother was, prior to 
 her marriage, ]\[iss 
 Mary Gibbins. 
 
 Young Kilpatrick 
 was educated at pri- 
 vate school in Mem- 
 phis, Tennessee, 
 whence he came to 
 St. Louis and entered 
 Prof. Wyman's Uni- 
 versity where he took 
 a course of study. 
 In 1<S()4, he returned 
 
 to Memphis, and for seven mouths served in the 
 Quartermaster's Department. Just after the 
 close of the war he returned to St. Louis, and 
 was appointed book-keeper and cashier for Jesse 
 Arnot, who, at that time, owned by far the finest 
 livery establishment in the West. Mr. Kilpat- 
 rick retained this position for fourteen years, 
 during which time he made an immense number 
 of friends by his strict attention to business, and 
 his courteous and affable manner. 
 
 Having given a good deal of attention in his 
 spare time to real estate questions, and having 
 
 CLAUDE KILPATRICK 
 
 made a few small investments, he, in the year 
 1854, secured a partnership in the firm of S. T. 
 Porter &; Company, which firm, in tlie year 188t>, 
 changed its name to Rutledge &. Kilpatrick, by 
 which it is still known. During the phenome- 
 nal but steady rise in real estate values in St. 
 Louis, the firm of Rutledge & Kilpatrick has 
 taken a \er)- active part in the large transfers of 
 property, and the method of procedure adopted 
 by them has been so uniformly honest and 
 straightforward, that there has never been any 
 hesitation about re- 
 posing in them the 
 most absolute confi- 
 dence. The firm 
 makes a specialty of 
 the management of 
 estates and of the 
 collection of rents, 
 and Mr. Kilpatrick 
 gi\-es his personal 
 attention to many of 
 these details. 
 
 In addition to his 
 .'irduous real estate 
 duties, Mr. Kilpat- 
 rick is an active and 
 busy club man, be- 
 ing a member of the 
 St. Louis, Xoon-Day 
 and Jockey Clubs. 
 
 He married i n 
 June, IS?;-}, Miss 
 Dollie L. Liggett, 
 daughter of Mr. 
 James E- Liggett, of the firm of Liggett &. Myers 
 Tobacco Compan\'. Mr. and Mrs. Kilpatrick 
 have two children, E^lizabeth and Mary Louis. 
 The family resides in a \-ery handsome residence 
 at ;'i()l.") Delmar a\-enue. 
 
 Si'KLBRiNK, Louis, is well known as one of 
 the most successful livery and boarding stable 
 keepers in the city. His establishment is known 
 as the '■ Montezuma," and is located on Franklin 
 avenue, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth 
 streets. This establishment has been in ojjera- 
 
502 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 tioii a large number of years, and has been under Bikr.max, Lkwis, was born in a quaint, old- 
 
 the control of Mr. Spelbrink for about a qiuuter fashioned farm-house on the l:)anks of the Weser, 
 
 of a centur\-, prior to which time it was run by close to the city of Bremen, Ciermanv, on the 
 
 Mr. P'rederick lyeuman, his father-in-law. 17th day of December, l-Sot;. When he was 
 
 It seems hardly necessary to say, that -Mr. scarcely four years old, his parents emigrated 
 
 Spelbrink is a St. Louisan by birth, his inter- to this country and settled in St. Louis, 
 
 ests being so inseparable from the city, that the Having attended Wyman's High School for 
 
 idea of his being born elsewhere seems out of two years, young Lewis, at the age of fifteen, 
 
 the question. He is rather more than fifty years struck out for himself, his first employment 
 
 of age, having been born December 9, 1842. being with H. Miller, who kept a retail cigar 
 
 He was educated in the public schools where he store under the Planters' House. 
 
 remained until h e 
 was about fourteen 
 yearsofage. Inl.'>.')l 
 his mother died leav- 
 ing nine children, of 
 whom he was the 
 oldest, and he was 
 then taken from 
 school and placed 
 with an uncle in the 
 grocery business. 
 After carefully study- 
 ing the business for 
 some years, he started 
 out for himself in the 
 same line, and in 
 ISIiC. he married 
 Miss .\nielia Leu- 
 man, daughter of 
 Frederick Leuman, 
 one of the most 
 prominent ]:> o 1 i t i - 
 cians and li\-erymen 
 of his day. 
 
 A few years after his marriage, .Mr. Spell)rink 
 retired from the grocery business, and his father- 
 in-law wishing to retire from active work, sold 
 to him the livery and undertaking business with 
 which he had been connected. Mr. Spelbrink 
 has continued the business upon the old lines, 
 improving many of the details of management, 
 and giving especial attention to the undertaking 
 department. He is regarded as one of the most 
 successful and reliable emlmlmers in the West, 
 and his services have fi'equeutly been requisi- 
 tioned from a great distance. 
 
 LOUIS C. SPELBRINK. 
 
 This did not satis- 
 fy his ambition, and 
 an opportunity pre- 
 senting itself to enter 
 the business of F. M . 
 Wood & Company, 
 retail clothiers, he 
 a\-ailed himself of it. 
 Their business was 
 located at the north- 
 west corner of Main 
 and Market streets, 
 opposite the old 
 French Market, 
 which was at that 
 time the center of 
 the general retail 
 trade of St. Louis. 
 
 .\t the expiration 
 of about two years, 
 in consequence of the 
 death of one of the 
 partners, the firm of 
 F. M. Wood & Com - 
 ])any discontinued business, and Levi Stern .S; 
 Company, who dealt in the same line next door, 
 gave him a position in their house. About 
 a year and a half after this the latter firm con- 
 cluded to enter the live-stock business, and 
 in this short period young Lewis had gained 
 their confidence to such an extent that they 
 entrusted him with their entire stock of goods, 
 and he was sent down to Cape Girardeau to 
 close the same out for them. Upon his re- 
 turn to St. Louis he entered the employ of 
 .Martin Brothers, also in the retail clothing line. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AP/'IiNPIX. 
 
 503 
 
 oil the northeast corner of Main and Market 
 streets. This firm, appreciating liis energy and 
 ability, Mr. Chas. G. Martin, the manager of 
 tlic St. Louis branch, tendered him the ])()sit,ion 
 of general salesman and tra\'eler in their whole- 
 sale department at ll'S North ^laiii street — at 
 that time probabh' the largest business of its 
 kind in this city. With this firm he remained 
 six or seven years, traveling extensively 
 through the southern and western country as gen- 
 eral collector and confidential representative. 
 
 In the early part 
 of the war, about the 
 year lSi;i>, Martin 
 Krotliers decided to 
 close up their busi- 
 ness in the West, and 
 Mr. Bierman a.ssisted 
 them in winding up 
 their affairs travel- 
 ing about the coun- 
 t r y a n d p a s s i n g 
 through the lines of 
 both armies to col- 
 lect the outstanding 
 debts due the firm, • 
 in doing which he 
 met with some thrill- 
 ing and interesting 
 experiences. After 
 this he connected 
 himself with the firm 
 of Will. Young ^ 
 C o in p a n )• , wit h 
 whom he remained 
 
 until February, l.S7:^, when they sold out ti 
 vSahlein, Singer & Company. Entering the 
 business of the latter firm he at once became one 
 of their most active and prominent salesmen, and 
 in IfSHO, upon a reorganization of the firm, Mr. 
 liierman was admitted as one of the general 
 ixirtuers. On .Vjjril C, l.s,S2, ^[r. Uernard 
 vSinger, at that time the senior niember, died, 
 and ^[r. P.ierman and his co-partners bought 
 out the interest of their deceased partner, and 
 have since continued the business under the 
 st\le of Baer, Seasongood i.\: Company. 
 
 LEWIS BIERjMAN 
 
 From the abo\-e, it will be seen that Mr. P>ier- 
 niau is intimateh- familiar with all the details 
 of his business, and his co-partners, Messrs. 
 Adolph Baer and Simon .Seasongood, also hav- 
 ing large experience and thorough training, 
 the}' have contributed much toward making 
 St. Louis an important market in their line. 
 They occupy commodious quarters at 717 and 
 71!l Washington avenue, where they manufact- 
 ure a general stock of clothing, giving employ- 
 ment to a large force of hands and doing an 
 extensive trade in 
 the South and West. 
 In l.S(;2 Mr. Bier- 
 man married Miss 
 .Vnna M., daughter 
 of S. F. Merry, of 
 I'tica, Xew York. 
 This lady died in 
 Jul\- 1.S77, Iea\iiig 
 two sons and adaugh- 
 ter. In l.s.SH Mr. 
 Bierman married his 
 present wife, Mrs. 
 Kmma F. Bierman, 
 who was the }-oung- 
 est sister of his first 
 wife, and b\' whom 
 he has one daughter. 
 ^Ir. Bierman at- 
 tends closely to his 
 business and never 
 speculates, unless it 
 be on an occasional 
 deal in real estate, 
 in which he has been very successful, being in- 
 terested in some of the choicest "West End" 
 property of St. Louis. He loves a good horse, 
 always keeping one or two for his own use, and 
 is considered one of the best amateur drivers in 
 town, and greatly enjoys taking a friend out for 
 a dri\-e, or showing a stranger through our 
 beautiful ])arks and sul)iirbs. As may be imag- 
 ined, he is a ])romiuent and familiar figure down- 
 town, being one of the organizers of the Mer- 
 cantile Cbib, and also a member of the Fair 
 
 Grounds Jt 
 
 Clul 
 
504 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Wenneker, Charles Frederick, is a na- 
 tive of St. Louis, in which city he was born on 
 October 10, 1853, or rather more than fort\' 
 years ago. His father was ]\Ir. Clemens W. 
 Wenneker, well known to the older generation 
 of St. Louisans, and his mother's maiden name 
 was Blanke. He was educated in the public 
 schools, and subsequently attended Bryant & 
 Stratton's Business College, where he took a 
 full course. His relatives being connected with 
 the candy business, it was but natural that he 
 took an interest in 
 that manufacture, 
 and for twenty years 
 he was connected 
 with the firm of 
 Blanke Brothers. 
 He learned every de- 
 tail in the trade and 
 soon came to be re- 
 garded as an expert 
 in every branch of it. 
 In 18!K) he connect- 
 ed himself with Mr. 
 R. B. Morris, and 
 the firm known as 
 the Wenneker-Mor- 
 ris Candy Comijany 
 was organized, with 
 Mr. Wenneker pres- 
 ident, Mr. Morris as 
 vice-president, and 
 Mr. A. Ellerbrook 
 as secretary. A 
 magnificent estab- 
 lishment was secured for the purpose of the 
 business, in which upwards of fifteen hundred 
 varieties of confectionery are mamifactured. 
 The entire South and Southwest territory is 
 covered by traveling men from the house, and 
 the business transacted is of a very extensive 
 and profitable character, the firm ranking among 
 the first in America. 
 
 In politics Mr. Wenneker is a Republican, 
 and his sentiments are expressed in no uncer- 
 tain terms. Although giving an immense 
 amount of time to the candv business, and con- 
 
 CHARLES FREDERICK WENNEKER. 
 
 tributing largely to the magnificent success this 
 firm has attained, ]Mr. Wenneker has, also, for 
 years regarded it as a dut)- to study up the ques- 
 tion and assert his views with no uncertain 
 voice. In 188i;l he was appointed by President 
 Harrison, Internal Revenue Collector for the 
 district of St. Louis, the third largest in the 
 United States. He made an ideal executi\e 
 ofificer, performed his duties faithfully and well 
 and gave so much satisfaction that he served 
 several months over his term. President Cleve- 
 land being in no hur- 
 ry to supplant him 
 by a Democrat. 
 
 Prior to this ap- 
 pointment he was 
 strongly urged to 
 make the race for 
 Congress in the 
 eighth district, Imt 
 declined. 
 
 Mr. Wenneker is 
 now able to give his 
 full attentitm to the 
 company of which 
 he is president, and 
 new triumphs in the 
 field of commerce 
 will be the result. 
 
 Mr. Wenneker is a 
 member of the Mer- 
 cantile Club, and of 
 a number of other 
 local institutions and 
 social and commer- 
 cial organizations. He is a high degree Mason 
 and a member of the Ancient Order United 
 Workmen. 
 
 He has traveled very extensively and has 
 visited nearly e\-ery State and Territory in the 
 Union. He has been married about fifteen 
 years, and is regarded as one of the leading 
 members of the commercial and social circles of 
 the city. 
 
 Mrs. C. F. Wenneker was formerly IMiss Jo- 
 hanna Heidereda. She has one child, a daugh- 
 ter, aged eight. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 505 
 
 Hari'Kr, John Geddes, D.D. S., son of 
 James W. and Mary Ann (Lydic) Harper, was 
 born on a farm in Crawford county, Ohio, in 
 1.S48.- His parents removed to Illinois in 1851. 
 He was educated in the common schools near 
 his home, and sirbsequently taught school him- 
 self. He then entered the University of Minne- 
 sota in 1870, where he studied zealously. 
 
 Commenced the study of dentistry under Dr. 
 Bowman in 1873, a high-class practitionerof Min- 
 neapolis. Not content with the knowledge he thus 
 acquired, he next 
 entered the Missouri 
 Dental College in 
 18 74, where he took 
 a three years'conrse, 
 graduating in 1877. 
 He was appointed 
 demonstrator of me- 
 chanical dentistry in 
 the fall of the same 
 year, and in 1884 
 was made professor 
 in the same branch, 
 still holding the po- 
 sition. 
 
 Prior to graduat- 
 ing he had practiced 
 successfully as assist- 
 ant under Dr. Ho- 
 mer Judd. He has 
 now been in jiractice 
 for himself since 
 
 ^r 
 
 -^ '* ^^\ 
 
 ^H^<'A ?' 
 
 ^^H|||^H|r^- Jj^f^-: . 
 
 ^^^v 
 
 !■''<■''. JOHN OEDDE-^ 
 
 Dr. Harper has 
 been a constant contributor to the dental litera- 
 ture of the day, having served a number of years 
 as associate editor and two years as editor of the 
 Aniiivcs of Dcnlislry. 
 
 He has lieen for some time a member of the 
 Missouri State Dental Association and the St. 
 Louis Dental Society, and has been honored as 
 president and secretary of both. 
 
 Dr. Harper married Miss Mary Hauston 
 in July, 1880. His family consists of two 
 boys and three girls, all of these full of 
 promise. 
 
 Orr, William Anderson, son of William 
 C. and Mary (Anderson) Orr, was born in St. 
 Louis, February Ki, 18(i2. He was educated at 
 Washington University, where he proved an apt 
 and intelligent student, making rapid progress 
 in all branches, and finally graduating with 
 honors in the year 188.'). On leaving college 
 he entered the wholesale boot and shoe house of 
 Orr & Lindsley, of which his father was the 
 senior partner. A year later the business was 
 incorporated under the laws of the State as the 
 Orr& Lindsley Shoe 
 Company, Mr. W. A. 
 Orr being one of the 
 incorporators. In 
 1888 Mr. W. C. Orr 
 died and his son be- 
 came vice-president 
 of the company, Mr. 
 Lindsley being elect- 
 ed president. In De- 
 cember, 18it(), Mr. 
 Lindsley retired from 
 business and the 
 name of the com- 
 pany was changed to 
 the William A. Orr 
 vShoe Company, with 
 Mr. Orr as president. 
 Mr. ( )rr is a young 
 man to have charge 
 of a corporation as 
 extensive and im- 
 l^ortant as the Wm. 
 A. Orr Shoe Com- 
 panv, but he has proved him.self fully able to 
 meet the responsibilities of the position, and 
 under his management the business has in- 
 creased rapidly and the already high reputation 
 of the firm has been improved and extended. 
 Mr. Orr has traveled over nearly the entire ter- 
 ritory supplied by the house of which he is 
 president, and he is thoroughly well known and 
 respected on the road. He has introduced a 
 number of new lines and is ever on the alert to 
 kee]) up with the times and to provide the 
 very best the market affords at the lowest possi- 
 
rm 
 
 OLD AhW NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ble prices for first-class material. The company 
 ■now ranks among the largest in the city, and, 
 indeed, in the Uiiited States. It does an espe- 
 cially large business in the city, and, also, in 
 Missouri, Kan.sas, Texas, and, indeed, all States 
 and Territories of the West, Southwest and 
 South. 
 
 Mr. Orr is looked uidou as one of the rising 
 men of St. Louis. He has had the benefit of a 
 first-class education, and also of an European 
 trip, which he took in the year 188(j. He is in- 
 terested in every movement designed to increase 
 the commercial and social importance of St. 
 Louis, and he has been largely instrumental in 
 building up the shoe manufactures of the city 
 to its present large and substantial condition. 
 He is a member of the Mercantile Club and a 
 Mason. He devotes a considerable amount of 
 time to semi-philanthropic matters, and is an 
 unselfish, courteous and obliging gentleman. 
 
 Scott, Thoii.\s A., is known as one of the 
 most daring real estate operators St. Louis has 
 ever seen; as a member of the firm of S. F. & 
 T. A. Scott he became prominently connected 
 with St. Louis real estate in the year 1888, and 
 since then he has been connected with several 
 deals of maninioth proportions. The experi- 
 ence he had acquired in realt}' operations in 
 Chicago and Kansas City before locating here 
 served him in good stead, and he came to St. 
 Louis just at a time when the Eastern public 
 was awakening to the fact that this city must 
 be taken into consideration, in all calculations 
 bearing upon the future of the great West and 
 the commercial progress of the country. The 
 firm inaugurated their establishment here by 
 expending $25,000 in one year in advertising the 
 advantages of St. Louis real estate in Eastern 
 papers. The result of their enterprise was re- 
 markable, and the benefit of it was felt through- 
 out the entire real estate; trade, without being 
 by any means limited to their own house. 
 
 Messrs. Scott conceived the idea of offering 
 at public auction Tyler Place, a magnificent 
 tract of two hundred and forty acres, just north 
 of Tower (irove Park and west of Grand av- 
 
 enue. This tract was purchased for three-quar- 
 ters of a million, and the sale proved the greatest 
 ever managed in St. Louis. The firm then ac- 
 quired the title to Dundee Place and Gibson 
 Heights, which they have also operated with 
 great success. Mr. S. F. Scott has generally 
 taken charge of the Kansas City business, while 
 Tom Scott, as the subject of this sketch is gener- 
 ally called, has given his exclusive attention to 
 the St. Louis business, and is hence the more 
 popular member of the firm local h'. 
 
 Mr. Thomas A. Scott was born at Port Hope, 
 Canada, October 1«, 18.54. His father was 
 Mr. James M. Scott, and in I'S.IK this gentle- 
 man located in McHenr\- county, Illinois, sut)- 
 sequently moving to Rock county, Wisconsin. 
 Here Thomas A. Scott was educated, attend- 
 ing school during the winter and working on 
 his father's farm in summer. In 187H, when he 
 was but nineteen years of age, he utilized his 
 savings in a real estate investment in Chicago. 
 This was very successful, as were some later 
 ventures in the same city. Five or six years 
 later he thought it advisable to enter a new field 
 of work in Kansas City, where his elder brother, 
 Mr. S. F. Scott, was already located. Great 
 success attended the enterprise of the brothers, 
 both in Kansas Cit}', Missouri, and Kansas 
 City, Kansas. (Jf the success of their work 
 in St. Louis, mention has already been made. 
 
 The absolute faith and confidence of Mr. 
 Thomas Scott in St. Loxiis has proved of great 
 advantage from an investment standpoint, and 
 of the hundreds of buyers he induced to come 
 here, very few have had occasion to regret fol- 
 lowing his advice. Naturally an optimist in 
 disposition, Mr. Scott combines with his enter- 
 prise a reasonable amount of conservatism, and 
 does not allow his enthusiasm to get the better 
 of his judgment. He works quietly but contin- 
 uouslv, and is seldom known to tire of any work 
 he undertakes. 
 
 He is a member of the order of Knights of 
 Pythias, and of the Elks. He is a great lover 
 of home, and idolizes his three children, An- 
 toinette N., aged twelve, Thomas A., aged ten, 
 and .Samuel ()., aged five. 
 
"^^-^5^ 
 
nrocRAPHiCAr. appendix. 
 
 507 
 
 Flitckakt, Pkmhrook R., of the firm of Mills 
 & FHtcraft, is the sou of Isaiah R. and Mary 
 (Atkinson) FHtcraft, and was born in Salem 
 county, New Jersey, January S, 1S47. Both 
 parents were members of the Societ\- of Friends. 
 In December, 1847, the family moved to Ohio, 
 llis father, who was a physician, died fiohtini;' 
 that dread scourge, the cholera, in ISl'.i. In 
 lis')fS, his mother having re-married, moved to 
 Lenawee county, Michigan, and located on a 
 farm, where the subject of our sketch lived and 
 worked until he en- 
 tered college. 
 
 He prepared for 
 college in the Raisin 
 \'alley Seminary, in 
 IvC n a w e e count\-, 
 Michigan, and en- 
 tered the University 
 of Michigan in l.si;?, 
 and graduated in the 
 classical course, re- 
 ceiving the degree 
 liachelor of Arts in 
 1 'S7 1 , and the degree 
 of Master of Arts in 
 1.S74. 
 
 Pie was admitted 
 to the bar in Kansas 
 City, M issou ri , in 
 bS7."i, and during 
 ihatyearcommenced 
 the practice of law 
 in Girard, Crawford 
 county, Kansas, 
 where he formed a partnershi]) wi 
 \'oss, one of the oldest and ablest 
 the bar in Southern Kansas, under tl 
 of \'oss lS: FHtcraft. 
 
 In 1878 he left Kansas and came to St. Louis, 
 and resumed the practice, and, in INSl, entered 
 into partnership with Henry E. Mills, under the 
 firm name of ;\Iills &: FHtcraft, as now existing- 
 
 Mr. b'litcraft is a nurn of sterling integrity, a 
 lawyer of ability, and is justly recognized as one 
 of the leading members of the St. Louis bar. 
 Ills practice is purely civil, and extends through 
 
 PRMBROOK R 
 
 iin T. 
 )ers of 
 name 
 
 all of the courts, both State and F'ederal. He is 
 a Republican in politics, and is a prominent 
 member of the Masonic Fraternity, being Past 
 Master of George Wa.shington Lodge, No. 9; 
 Past High Prie.st of St. Louis Royal Arch Chap- 
 ter, No. 8; Pa.st Thrice Illustrious Master of 
 Hiram CoTincil, No. 1, Royal and Select Mas- 
 ters; Past linnnent Connuander of St. Louis 
 Commandery, No. 1, Knights Templar, all of 
 St. Louis, Missouri, and is Past Most Illustrious 
 Grand Master of the Grand Council Royal and 
 Select Masters of 
 Missouri. 
 
 Mr. FHtcraft was 
 married to Emma B. 
 P>renneman, of Pitts- 
 burg, Pennsylvania, 
 in the fall of 1883, 
 and one child, a 
 daughter, Ada \'ir- 
 ginia FHtcraft, has 
 blest this union. 
 
 Although a hard 
 worker in his pro- 
 fession and always 
 eager for a contest 
 against the ablest 
 men at the bar, ;\Ir. 
 FHtcraft finds time 
 to devote to the in- 
 terests of the numer- 
 ous societies to which 
 he belongs, and is 
 also quite prominent 
 in .social circles. 
 R L., sou of James and Mary 
 •as born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 He was educated in his 
 
 H. 
 
 (Jo. 
 Ant 
 
 r,AX, (_)i.i 
 s ) Hagan 
 
 St ;ii, \> 
 
 native city, and graduated with honors from the 
 Cincinnati College in 1871. His first position, 
 after leaving school, was as money clerk in the 
 B. & O. Express office, at Cincinnati, where he 
 remained for three years. He made himself 
 \ery useful and popular to the company, who 
 received his resignation with regret when, after 
 three years' service, he decided to join his father, 
 who was the owner of large liverv and boardino: 
 
508 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 stables, with a lucrative horse-tradiiig business 
 in connection. He remained with his father for 
 about two years, and again showed evidence of 
 marked ability and shrewdness as a businessman. 
 
 While in business, young Mr. Hagan was 
 elected a niember of the City Council, and 
 served for eight years, doing good work for his 
 constituents. During this time he had control 
 of all the theater programmes of the city, and 
 also of other advertising mediums, and contin- 
 ued a very prosperous career in Cincinnati in 
 this line, until 1887, 
 when he finally came 
 in more direct con- 
 nection with the the- 
 atrical profession by 
 becoming connected 
 with Mr. John H. 
 Havlin, the well- 
 known theater owner 
 and lessee. After 
 two years of very 
 successful work for 
 Mr. Havlin, Mr. 
 Hagan was admitted 
 to partnership, and 
 in 1887 lie came to 
 St. Louis as lessee 
 of thePo]3e'stlieater. 
 
 Not long after his 
 arrival he also be- 
 came lessee of the 
 old People's theater, 
 which, remodeled "liver 
 
 and rechristened as 
 
 Havlin's, became at once a popular favorite, its 
 hold on the people being maintained and in- 
 creased by Mr. Hagan's public spirited manage- 
 ment. Prior to securing the People's at St- 
 Louis, and changing its name to Havlin's, Mr. 
 Hagan had become lessee of Havlin's theater in 
 Chicago, which he also managed with great 
 success, and the Havlin-Hagan combination be- 
 came known in the theatrical world for its liber- 
 alit)' and its success. 
 
 In December, 18!l(), ]\Ir. Hagan found his 
 interests were too much divided, and he dis- 
 
 posed of his stock and rights in all theaters con- 
 trolled by him, with the exception of Pope's, 
 which, under his management, had become, 
 probably, the most popular family theater in 
 St. Louis. The cozy, comfortable theater, on 
 Ninth and ( )live, under Mr. Hagan's manage- 
 ment, has long since become the home of legiti- 
 mate drama and popular farce comedy, while all 
 the best melodramas on the road have had dates 
 at it for the last two or three years. As a result 
 of the careful and consistent management, the 
 theater has been do- 
 ing remarkably good 
 business, its mati- 
 nees having become 
 exceptionally popu- 
 lar with all classes. 
 Being convinced 
 that there was an 
 opening in St. Louis 
 for another first-class 
 theater, Mr. Hagan 
 proceeded, early in 
 18i)l, to construct 
 the Hagan Opera 
 House, on the south- 
 east corner of Tenth 
 and Pine. The new 
 ( )pera House is ver\- 
 handsomeh- deco- 
 rated, and is prob- 
 ably the best uphol- 
 stered a n d most 
 "■^^'^''*- comfortable home of 
 
 the d r am a in the 
 West. Its popularity, from the booking of its 
 first date, was assured, and it at once took its 
 place in the front rank as a high-class theater 
 and opera house. 
 
 Mr. Hagan is one of the best-known men, 
 to-day, in both St. Louis and Cincinnati, and 
 his popularity in the theatrical profession has 
 long since become proverbial. He is a generous 
 and kind friend to all who come in business con- 
 tact with him, and in all matters of politics and 
 religion he is liberal-minded in the extreme. 
 He married, in the vear 187.S, :\Iiss Ellen 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 509 
 
 Duiiham, of Cincinnati. Mis. Haj^an died in 
 St. lyonis, May 4, 1890, leaving one daughter, 
 AIi.ss Nellie, who is now attending school. In 
 spring, 18!t2, he married Miss Cora Dunham. 
 
 Whitakkr, Kdw.vrd.s, in addition to being a 
 jirominent citizen of St. Louis, and a leader in 
 some of the most important enterprises of mod- 
 ern times, is also a broker of much more than 
 local reputation. He is the senior partner of 
 the firm of Whitaker & Hodgman, and is presi- 
 dent of the Ivindell Railway Company, a corpo- 
 ration whose faith in the city of St. Louis, and 
 the magnificent future before it, has been so 
 signally proved by the continued extension of 
 their tracks, which, to-day, are covering almost 
 the entire city with every prospect of most use- 
 ful county extensions. In another portion of this 
 work the great importance of St. Louis inde- 
 pendent terminals and tracks of the Chicago, 
 liurlington & Ouincy Railroad in the northern 
 ptntion of the city has been enlarged upon. 
 Mr. Whitaker acted as agent for the railroad 
 company in the purchase of this terminal prop- 
 erty, and the confidence bestowed in him was 
 well merited. He is also at the present time a 
 director in the Boatman's Bank, the St. Louis 
 Trust Company, the Bell Telephone Company, 
 the Missouri Electric Light Company, and has 
 had, at various times, large interests in the 
 Piellefontaine Railroad Company. 
 
 Mr. Whitaker's connection with St. Louis 
 has been lengthy and exceedingly profitable 
 Iwth to himself and the city. General Albert 
 G. Edwards, while Assistant United States Sub- 
 Treasurer in St. Louis, gave a partnership to 
 Mr. Leonard Matthews and formed the firm of 
 Edwards & Matthews, with an ofhce o\er the 
 Commercial Bank on Olive street, east of Third. 
 Mr. Edwards Whitaker was chief clerk to Gen- 
 eral Edwards, and in 1872 he resigned his posi- 
 tion in the treasury oilice and joined the firm of 
 lulwards, Matthews & Company, which removed 
 to larger offices and extended the scope of their 
 operations, taking in, for the first time, bank 
 brokerage and exchange work. 
 
 Two years later General Edwards retired from 
 
 the firm, and the name was changed to Mat- 
 thews & Whitaker. A large business was done 
 l)articularly in organized securities, and it be- 
 came necessary to secure more commodious 
 quarters at 121 North Third street, where, for 
 fourteen years, the business was conducted 
 under the active management of both partners. 
 City and State bonds were handled in large 
 Ijlocks, and finally the present office on the cor- 
 ner of Olive and Fourth streets was secured. 
 Soon after this Mr. Matthews, who had acquired 
 a large private fortune, retired from active work, 
 and Mr. Charles B. Hodgman, who had for sev- 
 eral years been confidential clerk, became a 
 partner in the house, which has continued to 
 increase its reputation and business steadih- 
 ever since. 
 
 Mr. Edwards Whitaker is a typical business 
 man, generous to a fault, and exceedingly pop- 
 ular among leading members of the financial 
 and commercial world. 
 
 Handlan, Alkxander Hamilton, Jr., one 
 of the memljers of the firm of M. M. I5uck il\: 
 Comi^any, and vice-president of the Citizen's 
 Bank, is a Virginian by birth, but he has re- 
 sided in St. Louis for more than a quarter of a 
 century, and is now prominently identified with 
 its leading industries and its most important 
 financial and commercial interests. The firm of 
 which Mr. Handlan is a member ranks among 
 the very first in the country, and during the last 
 twenty years Mr. Handlan has divided with the 
 president the responsibility of managing the im- 
 mense interests connected with it. During Mr. 
 Buck's absence from the city, Mr. Handlan is 
 in absolute control of its management, and he 
 pioves himself to be thoroughly qualified for the 
 important work thus entrusted to his care. 
 
 Mr. Handlan was born in Wheeling, \'irginia, 
 April 25, 1844, and is thus about fifty jears of 
 age. Wheeling is described as in Virginia, be- 
 cause Mr. Handlan has ne\er taken kindly to 
 the division of the State, and he maintains 
 \igorously his right to be munbered among the 
 natives of the ( )ld Dominion. His father, after 
 whom he was named, was a well-known river 
 
510 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOL'IS. 
 
 mail a quarter and a half a century ago, and was 
 highly respected by pilots and captains in the 
 old days, when river trade was of paramount 
 importance. Captain Handlan was for several 
 years partner and pilot of the "Wing and 
 Wing," a steamer which worked between Cin- 
 cinnati and New Orleans and did a large and 
 very profitable traffic. 
 
 Mr. Handlan, Sr., died December 2d of last 
 year, at the age of eighty-three, retaining the 
 possession of his faculties to the last, and de- 
 lighting to tell anec- 
 dotes of his early ad- 
 ventures and experi- 
 ences. Mrs. Handlan 
 was formerly Miss 
 Katherine Kineon. 
 
 Young Mr. Hand- 
 lan received an edu- 
 cation at Herrons 
 Seminary, Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio, where he 
 graduated in 1<S()1. 
 His parents having 
 removed to Cincin- 
 nati when he was 
 about six years of 
 age, his early life 
 was principally 
 spent in what was 
 then one of the most 
 important cities west 
 of the Atlantic 
 States. He spent a 
 considerable period 
 
 during the war in Nashville, Tennessee, where 
 he was attached to the quartermaster's depart- 
 ment in the Union army of that city. Leaving 
 Nashville for Memphis, he became connected 
 with the wholesale and retail hat and shoe busi- 
 ness of his uncle, Mr. J. D. Handlan, for whom 
 he kept the books. He was next interested in 
 planting and merchandi.se, in Granville, Missis- 
 sippi, where he made considerable progress 
 towards prosperity. 
 
 In 18(;.S he was convinced that St. Louis 
 offered him far greater facilities for work and 
 
 ALEXANDER H, HANDLAN 
 
 advancement, and he accordingly came here and 
 was given a position in the railroad supply house 
 of Mr. I\L AL Buck. His sterling worth was 
 promptly appreciated by the house, and after 
 six years he became a partner and, as mentioned 
 above, has since shared with Mr. Buck the great 
 responsibilities attached to a concern of such 
 magnitude. 
 
 In other matters Mr. Handlan has shown his 
 faith in St. Louis and his general business fore- 
 sight. vSome six years ago he became vice- 
 president of the Citi- 
 zen's Bank, on the 
 occasion of the re- 
 organization of that 
 financial institution. 
 Since that time the 
 bank has increased 
 its business rapidly, 
 and now stands well 
 to the fr(.)Ut among 
 the I^anks of the 
 West. MorerecentK- 
 Mr. H and Ian be- 
 came connected with 
 the new Planters' 
 Hotel project, and he 
 owns a large interest 
 in that enterprise. 
 He has been a uieui- 
 ber of the :\Iav(iuellt-- 
 Club for some )-ears, 
 and has been its pres- 
 ident twice. He is 
 also a member of the 
 Mercantile, Noon-Day and Jockey clubs, and 
 the Agricultural and Mechanical Association. 
 
 On September 11, l.S(i8, Mr. Handlan mar- 
 ried Miss Marie DePrez, daughter of a French 
 gentleman who had left his home in search of a 
 free country, in consequence of political perse- 
 cution, and who had located in Nashville. ]\lr. 
 and Mrs. Handlan have seven children. 
 
 The family resides in a handsome residence 
 on Olive street, just west of Grand avenue, and 
 is looked upon with much respect in social 
 circles. 
 
BlOGRAPHfCA/. APPENDIX. 
 
 511 
 
 MooNEv, Fletcher D., M.D., was bom in 
 (ireeue county, Southwestern Missouri, Novem- 
 ber, l.s,")(;. His father was David Mooney, his 
 niotlier, Mary Sims. 
 
 Dr. Mooney acquired his early education in 
 the common schools of his birlliphice, i)repar- 
 atorv to entering Drury College, of C'.reene 
 countv, Missouri; here he acquired a thorough 
 knowledge of such matters as would best fit 
 him for a professional career in life. \i an 
 earh- age he manifested a studious disposition, 
 and after leaving col- 
 lege, in 1.S7S, came 
 to vSt. Louis to take 
 u[) the study of med- 
 icine. He matricu- 
 lated in the Missouri 
 Medical College, ap- 
 plied himself dili- 
 gently to his course, 
 graduated and re- 
 cei\ed the degree of 
 Doctor of Medicine. 
 The Doctor now 
 found himself in a 
 large city, with an 
 admirable profession 
 but without means 
 or the helpful influ- 
 e n e e of f r i e n d s 
 around him, )ct so 
 great was his ambi- 
 tion to rise in his 
 chosen profession p„^ 
 
 and rank among the 
 
 eminent physicians of the city, that lie worked 
 unceasingly and with an inflexible pur])ose; 
 slowly yet surely did he begin to gain the confi- 
 dence and esteem of the people, and gather about 
 him a circle of friends and an encouraging cli- 
 entel. The Doctor later identified himself with 
 the Health Department of the city, and for four 
 \ears was physician to the Insane As\duni. 
 He has been connected with the ■Missouri Med- 
 ical College in various capacities, as assistant 
 demon.strator of anatomy, assistant i)rofe.ssor to 
 the clinic for diseases of women, and at present 
 
 holds the chair of clinical jirofessor of disea.ses 
 of women. 
 
 The Doctor has been connected and .still is 
 identified with St. John's Ho.spital as gynaecol- 
 ogist. He is con.sulting physician to the Fe- 
 male Hospital; is a member of the St. Louis 
 Medical Society, Missouri State Medical and 
 .\merican Medical Associations. 
 
 The Doctor is a i)urely self-made man, and 
 while he has already done much to benefit hu- 
 manity, he will >et accomplish great results. 
 
 P.\LIVIER, DON.\LD 
 .M.VcNeil, was born 
 in the State of Con- 
 necticut, on Novem- 
 ber 7, 184:). 
 
 When only sixteen 
 \earsold he left home 
 and went to New 
 York, where he se- 
 curedemployment in 
 a wholesale dry 
 goods store. He re- 
 mained two \ears, 
 but young and am- 
 bitious as he was, 
 the houses and walls 
 of the city seemed to 
 confine his efforts, 
 and when he left the 
 employ of the dry 
 goods house, it was 
 to strike out for the 
 [j^gy boundless West. In 
 
 the fall of ISlio he 
 reached ^^lissouri, antl located in the pine 
 woods of Washington count>', wdiere, until 
 the following spring, he gratified his taste 
 for the wild life of a hnnter. In the spring 
 of l'SiI4 he went into the business of man- 
 ufacturing turpentine and rosin, and had 
 fairly established his industry when General 
 Price came through Missouri on his last raid. 
 Mr. Palmer was captured at the battle of Potosi, 
 and after being kept a prisoner a few da\s was 
 conscripted into the Confederate service, .\bont 
 a month later he watched his opportunit}- and 
 
512 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 escaped at the battle of the Bhie, near Kansas 
 City, and after considerable hardship made his 
 way back to St. Louis. 
 
 As his turpentine interests had suffered dur- 
 ing his absence, he decided to return to New- 
 York, and did so. There he remained until 
 the war was over and then returned to Missouri , 
 locating at Glasgow, in Howard county, but 
 only remained there until the fall of 186(5, when, 
 again seized with the western fever, he deter- 
 mined to seek his fortune as a miner among the 
 Rockies. There were no railroads in that day, 
 and there was considerable hardship connected 
 with a journey overland across the plains, but 
 after traveling sixteen days and nights, Austin, 
 Nevada, was reached, and that being his object- 
 ive point, he began a career as a miner, which 
 lasted through the next seventeen years, during 
 which time he served in almost every capacity, 
 from miner to manager, and lived in most of 
 the mining districts of the United States and 
 Mexico. 
 
 But it is as manager of the St. L,ouis Union 
 Stock Yards that Mr. Palmer has scored his 
 greatest success in life. In 1<S8;3 he was offered the 
 superintendency of the yards, and came on from 
 the West, and in the summer of that year as- 
 sumed charge. He proved the right man for 
 the right place from the beginning. His west- 
 ern life and training fitted him in an eminent de- 
 gree for dealing with the western stock grower 
 and shipper on the one side, and his experience 
 in cities adajited him for business dealings 
 with butchers, packers, etc., and he has there- 
 fore greatly extended the trade of the yards in 
 both directions. He has made the yards one of 
 the best markets in the country for the sale of 
 cattle for stockers and feeders, and has recently 
 added a horse and mule department, $oO,()0() 
 having been expended for improvements to 
 accommodate that line of trade. The yards are 
 models of their kind, and under Mr. Palmer's 
 administration they have been brought to a 
 capacity to handle daily ;'),()()() cattle, .5, ()()() 
 sheep, 15,000 hogs, and 1,000 horses and 
 mules. He is one of the most active and ener- 
 getic factors of the live stock trade in the West, 
 
 and has contributed very largely toward keep- 
 ing St. Louis to the front among the leading 
 live stock and meat distributing centers of the 
 world. 
 
 Mr. Palmer is a hard worker, and can be 
 found at his desk daily at the stock yards. It 
 is a characteristic of his to always carry for- 
 ward any work he has to do with all the zeal 
 and energy he can summon to his aid, and in 
 his work as superintendent he is actuated by 
 a genuine and deep desire to promote the suc- 
 cess of the great corporation over whose inter- 
 ests he presides. He was one of the promoters, 
 and in his office was organized the St. Louis 
 Butchers' Union, from which sprang the Butch- 
 ers' National Protective Association. 
 
 Reis, Hknry Ferdinand, the prominent 
 South End lumberman, is a native of Minnesota. 
 He was born in the town of Shakopee, on February 
 21, 1860. His father's given name was Valen- 
 tine, and his mother's maiden name was Josephine 
 Apfeld. Henry received the benefit of the schools 
 in his native town until he was thirteen years 
 old, when his parents left Minnesota and settled 
 at Belleville, Illinois, at the grammar school in 
 which town he continued his studies until he 
 graduated. When eighteen years old com- 
 menced to learn the carpenter's trade. 
 
 His father, after coming to Belleville, had 
 erected a planing mill, of which the son took 
 charge after mastering a knowledge of carpenter 
 work and architecture. Three years after he 
 entered the mill he resigned the position, and 
 in 1887 went to Los Angeles, California, where 
 he began the business of contracting and build- 
 ing. Southern California was then at the height 
 of her boom, and he was very prosperous from 
 the start, but after a year he began to feel a long- 
 ing to again see familiar home-faces and scenes, 
 and this prompted him to return to St. Louis. 
 
 On January 1, 188;i, he bought the Caronde- 
 let Lumber Yard of Fedal Ganahl, and since 
 then has devoted his whole attention to increas- 
 ing the business of the establishment, at which 
 he has met with a most flattering degree of suc- 
 cess, several years' business showing an increase 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 over tlie jirevious year of fifty per cent. He is 
 tlie owner also of the Carondelet Planing Mill, 
 which is attached to the Inmber yard. 
 
 On the 25th day of September, 1893, Mr. Reis 
 was married to Miss Emily E. Ganahl, of Los 
 Angeles, California. The lady is a niece of John 
 J. Ganahl, the prominent Inmberman of this 
 city. The conple have two children, named, re- 
 spectively, Ferdinand E. \'. and Edith Petronila. 
 
 Shaplkigh, Alfred L., is a member of the 
 well-known firm now 
 incorporated as the 
 A. F. Shapleigh 
 Hardware Company, 
 which has been in 
 operation for half a 
 centnry, nnder vary- 
 ing styles and titles. 
 Mr. Alfred L. Shap- 
 leigh is the youngest 
 of the six sons of 
 Mr. Angnstus F. 
 Shapleigh, w h o 
 worked his way up 
 from small begin- 
 nings, and finally 
 became a clerk in tlie 
 leading h a rd w a re 
 firm of Philadelphia, 
 in which afterward 
 he assumed an inter- 
 est. Fifty-one years 
 ago this house, nnder 
 the style of Rogers, 
 vShapleigh 8: Company, opened a branch in St. 
 Louis, and of the western house Mr. Shapleigh 
 took charge. He finally purchased the interest 
 of his partners, and now has been for several 
 years the head of the firm. In 1834 he married 
 Miss Elizabeth Ann Umstead, of Philadelphia, 
 and Mr. A. L. Shapleigh is one of the promi- 
 nent men who are sons of the estimable conple. 
 
 ?klr. .\Ifred L. Shapleigh is about thirt\-two 
 \ears of age, having been born in St. Louis on 
 February lt>, ISd^. He was educated at Wash- 
 ington University, going through every course 
 33 
 
 ALFRED L. SHAPLEIGH. 
 
 in that great school of learning, and graduating 
 with distinction in the year 1880. His passage 
 through the regular academy, and two years' 
 special course of study at college, gave him a 
 splendid university education, and he supple- 
 mented this by fifteen months' clerkship in the 
 Merchants' National Bank, thus acquiring an 
 insight into finance and book-keeping difficult 
 to obtain outside the doors of a National Bank. 
 For about a year, he was connected with the 
 Hanley & Kinsella Company, and then accepted 
 the cashiership o f 
 the Mound City 
 Paint and Color Com- 
 pany. In Jul), l.SHU 
 he accepted the sec- 
 retaryship of the 
 A. F. vS h ap 1 e i gh 
 Hardware Company, 
 a position he still oc- 
 cupies with marked 
 ability. 
 
 Although his sec- 
 retarial duties take 
 up a large amount of 
 time, Mr. Shapleigh 
 is also a public man 
 in e\ery sense of the 
 term. He is a di- 
 rector of the bank in 
 which he was for- 
 merly a clerk. He is 
 also a director in the 
 Union Trust Com- 
 jxiny, and vice-pres- 
 ident of the Imjjerial Building Company, to 
 which St. Louis is indebted for the magnificent 
 Union Trust Building. He is also vice-presi- 
 dent of the American Credit and Indemnity Com- 
 pany of New York City. As director of the 
 Mercantile Club, Mr. Shapleigh has been called 
 upon to work in a variety of ways for the bet- 
 terment of that colossal commercial men's club. 
 He has also done excellent work as director of 
 the Mercantile Library, and as president of the 
 Ciiunlry Club. l'"<ir three years he was adjutant, 
 and for three years captain, of Company D 
 
514 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 of the First Regiment of the Missouri National 
 Guards. 
 
 Few men of Mr. vShapleigh's age are so well- 
 iuformed. In addition to his careful study at 
 home, he has traveled extensively all over Amer- 
 ica, and has also enjoyed the advantages of an 
 extensive European tour. On November 21, 
 1888, he married Miss Mina E. Wessel, of Cin- 
 cinnati. One child has resulted from the union. 
 
 Hills, William G.— The life of William G. 
 Hills, the tobacco manufacturer, has been full 
 of activity and stirring events. His military 
 career during the late war was pregnant with 
 changing occurrences and constant dangers dur- 
 ing three \-ears of service on the Union side, 
 and he went through an hundred important en- 
 gagements. He was twenty years old when he 
 enlisted in the Ninth New York Cavalry, Co. E., 
 at Westfield, N. Y., and reached W'ashington 
 in November, 1861. His regiment helped de- 
 fend that city until after the second Manassas, 
 when it was ordered into the Peninsular, and 
 ser\ed in ^IcClelland's campaign against Rich- 
 mond. In 18(32, the regiment joined the Army 
 of Virginia, and went through all the hard- fought 
 engagements of that year. After arduous de- 
 tached duty as courier on Gen. Geary's staff in 
 the Chancellorsville campaign, he joined his 
 regiment, and with them participated in all the 
 great events against Lee in Maryland and Penn- 
 sylvania. It was the Ninth Cavalry that fired 
 the first gun, took the first prisoner, and lost 
 the first man on the Federal side at Gettysburg. 
 As Lee was forced back toward Richmond, and 
 during Grant's Wilderness campaign in 18(;4:, 
 the Ninth was at the front in almost daily fight- 
 ing. Young Hills participated in all the en- 
 gagements under Sheridan in the Shenandoah 
 campaign, and was one of the fifty men selected 
 from his regiment to go with Gen. Kilpatrick 
 on his perilous raid on Libby Prison in Febru- 
 ary, 18(54. At the end of his three years, or 
 October 27, 18(54, he was mustered out. This 
 is a rough outline of his military career; his 
 civil career since the war has been scarcely less 
 active and eventful. 
 
 He was born in Cattaraugus county, New 
 York, June 2(5, 1841. His parents, Calvin and 
 Mary (Watkins) Hills, were among the early 
 pioneers of that section, having settled in that 
 Western New York county as early as 1(531. 
 W'illiam was the youngest of three sons, and 
 spent his youth on his father's farm, attending 
 the district school, and after he was ten years 
 old helping with the farm work. It was hard 
 work, this subjugation of forest and earth, and 
 it taught him frugality and gave him strength, 
 health and character. This industrious and sim- 
 ple life, in conditions similar to which nearly 
 every man who has proved his right to survive 
 has laid the foundation of his success, continued 
 up to the time he entered the army. After he 
 had been honorably discharged from service, 
 he returned to his home, and went to work on 
 the farm assisting his father, who was then an 
 old man, but lived until 1889, dying at the age 
 of 91, nevertheless. But to the virile and en- 
 ergetic boy, who, in the war, had a taste of ac- 
 tion, the quiet home-place was too narrow, and 
 he determined to seek a wider field in the 
 West. 
 
 He reached St. Louis in March, 1><()(5, and 
 at once accepted a position as shipping clerk 
 in the wholesale grocery of Perley, Hills & 
 Company, his brother being one of the firm. In 
 18(58 he is found at Kansas City, engaged in 
 business as a manufacturers' agent, but returned 
 to St. Louis in 187(J, and became the superintend- 
 ent of Rumsey & Company's pipe and lead works. 
 January 1, 1892, he accepted a position with 
 D. Catlin, afterward The Catlin Tobacco Com- 
 pany, as traveling salesman, covering all territory 
 west of the Mississippi river. In 1882, he left 
 the Catlins, and entered into business for him- 
 self, forming a partnersnip with Max Fritz, 
 manufacturing tobacco, under the firm name of 
 Hills & Fritz. Through purchase in 1889, Mr. 
 Hills became sole proprietor of the business, 
 which has grown in volume, and brought an 
 increase of profit year by year since the begin- 
 ning. 
 
 Mr. Hills was married on February 25, 1884, 
 to Miss Mattie J. Miller, of Kankakee, Illinois. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 515 
 
 iliK.MKXz, Hi':\RV, Jr., is entitled to a high 
 position in the list of successful real estate oper- 
 ators and agents in St. Louis. He has been con- 
 nected with the local realty business for about 
 twenty-one years, and during that time he has 
 injected an immense amount of vim and energy 
 into the work. He has been exceptionally suc- 
 cessful with auction sales, and has brought into 
 the market an immense quantity of i)ropert\- 
 which had not pre\-iously been looked upon as 
 available in any way for residence purposes. 
 
 Among his most 
 successful operations 
 may be mentioned, 
 subdividing and 
 placing upon t h e 
 market of ]\IcRee 
 Place, Tower throve 
 Place, Cherokee 
 Place, ]\Iinnesota 
 Place, Gravois Place 
 andArsenal Heights. 
 It will lie obser\-ed 
 that most of these 
 subdivisions are lo- 
 cated in the south- 
 western sectiou o f 
 St. Louis to which 
 Mr. Hiemenz has 
 gi\eii his most care- 
 ful atteulion. 
 
 It is largely the 
 result of his indefat- 
 igable efforts that 
 due recognition has 
 
 been given at last to the \alue of propcrtx' south 
 of Mill Creek \'alley, and some slight distance 
 from tlie river. For many years the march of 
 improvements, and of values was limited to the 
 extreme West P^ud. Mr. Hiemenz was one of 
 the first to recognize that there were many acres 
 of desirable property to be obtained in the south- 
 west wards at very low prices. Taking his 
 clients into his confidence, and convincing them 
 of the logic of his argument, he prevailed upon 
 several of these to invest heavily in conjunction 
 with himself. That he merely anticipated pub- 
 
 lic opinion by a few years has been proved by 
 the rapid increase in values, and the large re- 
 turns from the investments referred to. 
 
 Mr. Hiemenz was born at Millersburg, Iowa, 
 August 21 , 1855. His father's name was Henry, 
 and his mother, prior to her marriage, was Miss 
 Barbetta Bender. When nine years of age, 
 young Hiemenz came to St. Louis, and went 
 through a full course of study at the Christian 
 Brothers' College. At a very early age he em- 
 barked in the real estate business at 421 Chest- 
 nut street, subse- 
 quently moving to 
 No. 614 on the same 
 thoroughfare, where 
 he is now located. 
 He almost innnedi- 
 ately sprang into the 
 front rank of enter- 
 j)rising real estate 
 men, and, although 
 it was not until ten 
 years after his initia- 
 tion into the ranks 
 of the profession 
 that the marked re- 
 \i\al in St. Louis 
 real estate took 
 place, Mr. Hiemenz 
 was one of the eight 
 or ten active workers 
 who did so much to 
 bring it about. 
 
 Mr. Hiemenz is 
 now in the prime of 
 ti\e and useful career before 
 him. He stands well with the business and 
 professional men of the city, and is an active 
 member of the Mercantile Club. He is Re- 
 publican in politics, but is liberal minded in his 
 views. He married in lS7(i ]\Iiss Ottilie Stephen 
 of this city. 
 
 Cole, Amedee B., is a member of the Cole 
 Commission Company, one of the largest houses 
 of its kind in the West. His father, Mr. Nathan 
 C, is too well known to need anv introduction 
 
516 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 to the readers of this work, and the subject of 
 this sketch inherits from his father many of his 
 most striking characteristics and virtues. 
 
 Young Mr. Cole was born in this city Sep- 
 tember 21, 1855. He was educated at Wash- 
 ington University, and at quite an early age 
 entered the commission house of Cole Brothers, 
 of which his father was partner. In 1891 the 
 firm was incorporated as the Cole Commission 
 Company, and Mr. Amedee became its \ice- 
 president. He takes an active part in the man- 
 agement of the concern, and is looked up to as 
 a rising man, and a well informed and talented 
 member of the business fraternity. He is a 
 member of the Mercantile Club and a pro- 
 nounced Republican in politics. His connec- 
 tion with the Merchants' Exchange has been 
 length)- and pleasant, and he has been fre- 
 quently spoken of by his associates as a man 
 in whom absolute confidence could be placed 
 in any office placed at his disposal. In com- 
 mercial circles generall}', Mr. Cole is looked 
 up to with much respect, and his name fre- 
 quently appears in enterprises of importance. 
 
 lu IS79 Mr. Cole married Miss Annie Jackson, 
 daughter of John Jackson, of St. Louis. Mr. 
 Jackson was for several years president of the 
 St. Louis Elevator Company, and a very 
 wealthy citizen. Five children resulted from 
 the union: Annie, John Jackson, Cliester Ernest, 
 Reba and Marjory. 
 
 Ad.\ms, John Willard, although an Ohioan 
 by birth, is a Kentuckian b}- descent, his father, 
 Mr. Alonza .\. Adams, being a native of Lexing- 
 ton, Kentucky. His mother was, prior to her 
 marriage. Miss Katherine Sevringhaus. Both, 
 Mr. and Mrs. Adams, Senior, are still living. 
 
 Mr. J. \V. Adams was born in Cincinnati, 
 November 12, l.S()(i, and is hence not yet thirty 
 years of age. His life has been so active, 
 however, that he is as old and experienced 
 as many men born ten or twenty years 
 sooner than he, and he has developed marked 
 abilities as a draughtsman and architect. 
 He was educated in the public schools of 
 Cincinnati, and this was followed up by 
 
 three years' instruction from a private tutor. 
 
 From boyhood Mr. Adams displayed a marked 
 taste for drawing and designing, and he thought 
 out many unique ideas in architecture before 
 his ordinary course of study was completed. 
 His parents wisely allowed him to follow the 
 bent of his own inclinations, and selecting ar- 
 chitecture as his profession, he entered the office 
 of Crapsey & Brown, of Cincinnati, where he 
 studied architecture for four years. He next ac- 
 cepted a very favorable offer from the Santa Fe 
 Railway Company, and for two years was head 
 draughtsman in the architect's office at Topeka, 
 Kansas. Promoted to the important position 
 of superintendent of buildings on the Santa Fe 
 Road between Chicago and Kansas City, he 
 served in that capacity for a year, giving great 
 satisfaction to his employers. Returning to 
 Topeka he became assistant architect with 
 J. W. Perkins of the Santa Fe for two years. 
 
 In I'SiH Mr. Adams was attracted to St. Louis 
 b)- the acti\'ity in the building operations in 
 this city. He served in the office of Mr. Theo- 
 dore C. Link, as chief assistant architect, and 
 it was while he was working in this capacity 
 that the magnificent new Union Station was 
 designed. He resigned his position in Mr. 
 Link's office to accept a partnership in the firm 
 of Adams & Chandler, and entered into the 
 general contracting business. This firm is quite 
 a young one, but it has already executed a large 
 number of contracts in a highly satisfactory 
 manner, and has built a large number of sub- 
 stantial and handsome houses. It also con- 
 structed twenty-eight miles of the K. C, Ark. 
 & N. O. Railroad, in Arkansas. 
 
 The work, however, which will make the 
 firm of which Mr. Adams is a member famous 
 in vSt. Louis, was done on the new Union Sta- 
 tion. Adams & Chandler took the contract for 
 the depot, and furnished all the material, as 
 well as executing all the building from the 
 ground up, with the single exception of the sheds. 
 The magnificent work on the depot, and the 
 way in which it exceeds expectation in almost 
 every detail, is the best evidence that could be 
 forthcoming of Mr. Adams' ability. 
 
BIOGR.'iPH/CAL .iPPEND/X. 
 
 511 
 
 111 addition to his important oreneral contract- 
 iiiw interests Mr. Adams has a large interest in 
 one of the most extensive stone yards in Chicago. 
 He is also a member of the Pastime Athletic 
 Clnl), and a member of the Masonic fraternit\-. 
 
 In .Vpril, bS.SSI, Mr. Adams married Miss 
 Nellie Coleman, of Topeka, Kansas, and has 
 two children, a hoy and a girl. 
 
 Ivigland, 
 Hampden 
 
 Smith, Ford, is a native of N 
 and was born March (>, 1S42, 
 connty, Massachu- 
 setts. Both father 
 and mother were of 
 excellent stock and 
 descended from old 
 and respected fami- 
 lies. The father, 
 John Ford Smith, 
 was a native of the 
 s a me c o u n t y in 
 which his son was 
 b o r n, w h i 1 e his 
 m o t h c r, w h o s e 
 maiden name was 
 Espercia Caroline 
 Seward, was born at 
 Albany, New York. 
 His common school 
 edncation was ob- 
 tained in the public 
 schools of his native 
 county, where he 
 continued up to the ^^y^^^, 
 
 time of his com- 
 ing west in search of both fame and fortune. 
 
 Any regular plans he may have had after 
 reaching his destination were interrupted by 
 the war. He enlisted from Illinois in the 
 b'ifty-ninth Illinois Infantry Volunteers, of 
 which he became sergeant-major. At the bat- 
 tle of Pea Ridge he w^as severely wounded and 
 incapacitated from further service. When 
 partly recovered he returned to his home in 
 Massachusetts, and while there resolved on com- 
 pleting his education. He entered Williams 
 College, subsequently took the necessary courses 
 
 at Harvard Law vSchool, and returning to the 
 West located in vSl. Ltniis in l.sdll. He was 
 admitted to the bar in the same year by Judge 
 Rombauer, and has been actively engaged in 
 legal practice ever since. 
 
 Mr. Smith has been most successful in his 
 profession, and has laid up considerable of this 
 world's goods against the coming of old age. 
 He has attained a reputation as an able lawyer 
 and elocjueut advocate that extends beyond the 
 confines of his State, and has been engaged as 
 counsel in a great 
 number of cases that 
 have attracted uni- 
 versal attention. As 
 a counselor he is 
 noted for the tenac- 
 ity and determina- 
 tion with which he 
 fights legal battles, 
 and his antagonists 
 know that he never 
 gives up a case until 
 e\ery expedient, 
 legal and otherwise, 
 is exhausted. 
 
 While he has in 
 no sense neglected 
 liis extensive prac- 
 tice, he has devoted 
 much attention to 
 political matters, is 
 an ardent Repub- 
 ^j, , „ 1 i can , and is rated one 
 
 of the influential 
 leaders of his party in this part of the State. 
 Municipal political affairs he has at his fingers' 
 end, and he has been a power in almost every 
 political contest that has taken place in the city 
 in recent years. Notwithstanding his extended 
 influence, he has always asked office for others, 
 not himself. Part\- fealty has been with him 
 an article of political faith, and he has there- 
 fore been always a supporter of the regular 
 organization and the regular nominees. The 
 only offices he has ever accepted were held to 
 the end that, not himself, but his party should 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 be served. He has acted as a member of the 
 State Republican Central Committee; for a 
 number of years he was secretary of the City 
 Republican Committee, and did faithful service 
 while a member of the Eighth District Congres- 
 sional Committee. 
 
 Mr. Smith is domestic in his inclinations, and 
 has an interesting family, consisting of a wife 
 and two children. The former before marriage 
 was Miss Carrie Lathrop, also a native of Mass- 
 achusetts, to whom he was married June 11, 
 1874. Both children are girls, named Caroline 
 and Irene. 
 
 Moore, Wm. Grant, M.D., son of Wm. 
 (kant and Sara B. (McConnell) Moore, was 
 born in Fayette county, Kentucky, February 
 Ki, l.s.');>. His father was a descendant in a 
 direct line of Daniel Boone, and his mother be- 
 longed to a well-known family of Scotch-Irish 
 law}-ers. His early education was received in 
 the common schools of Fayette, Kentucky, 
 whence he went to the State University at 
 Lexington, studying there for a time, and sub- 
 sequently took a collegiate course at the Wash- 
 ington-Lee University at Lexington. He then 
 attended the medical department of the Louis- 
 ville University for one session, and went from 
 there to the Jefferson Medical College, at Phila- 
 delphia, where he graduated in 1875, receiving 
 his degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 In 1876 Dr. Moore came to St. Louis and at 
 once commenced a general practice. Although 
 only twenty-three years of age and compara- 
 tively unknown, yet, inspired with ambition 
 and controlled by a determination to rise in his 
 chosen profession, he worked hard and continu- 
 ously until by degrees he began to develop to 
 his friends and brother practitioners his ability 
 to handle most skillfully all cases in his charge, 
 and thus merited the esteem and confidence of 
 all who knew him. 
 
 In 1879 he was appointed to the chair of pro- 
 fessor of histology, materia medica and thera- 
 peutics in the College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons. He was foremost among the physicians 
 who, in the year 1887, organized the Beaumont 
 
 College, in which institution he received the 
 chair of clinical medicine. In the following 
 vear he held the chair of professor of principles 
 and practice of medicine and clinical medicine, 
 which position he now fills. Though the Doc- 
 tor has no particular specialty, yet he is giving 
 his attention to, and may soon adopt as his spe- 
 cialty, the diseases of the chest and lungs. 
 
 Dr. Moore is associated with a number of 
 societies, among which may be mentioned the 
 St. Louis Medical Society, the Medico-Chirur- 
 gical Society, the American Medical Association 
 and the Delta Psi, a secret association in con- 
 nection with the Washington-Lee University. 
 He is also medical examiner of the Royal Arca- 
 num and Legion of Honor; referee of the Amer- 
 ican Life Insurance Company, of Vermont, Vir- 
 ginia; clinical lecturer of the St. Louis City 
 Hospital, and on the staff of the St. Louis Prot- 
 estant Hospital. He is also a contributor to 
 several medical journals, and is a very talented 
 and logical writer. 
 
 In March, 1.S79, Dr. Moore married Miss 
 Etolia T. North, daughter of one of the oldest 
 merchants of St. Louis. He has two bright 
 boys and one attractive daughter. Miss Jessie 
 A., who is attending school. 
 
 ^IcDoN.\LD, M.A.RSHALL Franklix, was boru 
 .March 1-t, 1854, near Council Bluffs, Iowa, on 
 his father's old homestead. His parents were 
 Milton and Adelpha (Wood) McDonald. Like 
 most farmers' sons, he worked on the farm dur- 
 ing the spring, summer and fall, and attended 
 the district school during the winter. At the 
 age of sixteen he entered a drug store as clerk, 
 and remained in that business until 1875. In 
 187;'), during the time of his employment as a 
 drug clerk, he graduated from a college of phar- 
 macv in Chicago. He then began the study of 
 medicine and surgery, applying himself more 
 particularly to the study of surgery, attending 
 one course of lectures under Professor Boyd, of 
 Chicago. It was thus that he became possessed 
 of that thorough knowledge of chemistry, ther- 
 apeutics and surgery that has enabled him so 
 often to startle the medical and surgical profes- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 519 
 
 sion l)y liis familiarity with those subjects in the 
 trial of important law cases involvino; expert 
 medical and surgical testimony. 
 
 In 187(j, when the excitement incident to the 
 discovery of gold in the Black Hills was at its 
 height, Mr. McDonald concluded to try his 
 fortune there, and returning to his old home 
 in Council Bluffs, he scraped together all his 
 worldly effects and fitted out a four-mule team, 
 and together with three companions drove over- 
 land to Sidnev, Nebraska, and from there to the 
 
 Black Hills 
 he engaged 
 
 .-here 
 
 Wliilc working in 
 the mines, Mr Mc- 
 Donald contracted a 
 severe case of mount- 
 ain fever, and during 
 the long and severe 
 illness that followed 
 his mining interests 
 were necessarily 
 neglected, and he 
 finally found him- 
 self left without a 
 dollar. 
 
 Unable to secure 
 proper care or med- 
 ical attendanceinthe 
 mining camp, he 
 prevailed upon some 
 freighters to haul 
 him out of the hills, 
 and he was accord- 
 
 ingl)- placed in a trail wagon and conveyed to 
 Cheyenne, a distance of three hundred miles. 
 Having partially recovered from his illness, he 
 worked his way to Denver, Colorado, and from 
 there walked to Deer Trail, a distance of fifty 
 miles, and being entirely out of money and still 
 weak from his long illness, he was unable to go 
 farther. After remaining at Deer Trail for two 
 or three weeks, during which time he worked 
 at odd jobs for his board, he engaged with a 
 cattle shipper, which enabled him to work his 
 passage from Deer Trail to St. Louis, and on 
 
 MARSHALL l-RANKLIN McOONALD, 
 
 November 2.S, 1.S77, he landed at the National 
 vStock Yards, at East St. Louis, with a train 
 load of cattle consigned to the firm of Irons iS: 
 Cassidy. 
 
 On the following day Mr. McDonald found 
 himself in the great city of St. Louis without 
 a nickel in his pocket and not even an ac- 
 quaintance upon whom he could call for a meal. 
 While strolling down what is now Broadway, he 
 observed a load of coal on the sidewalk, in front 
 of a small restaurant, and he immediately struck 
 a bargain with the 
 proprietor to shovel 
 inthecoal, for which 
 service he obtained 
 the magnificent sum 
 of twenty-five cents 
 and the first square 
 meal he had eaten 
 for many a da}-. 
 Having informed 
 the proprietor of the 
 restaurant of his 
 misfortunes, the 
 latter generously 
 allowed Mr. Mc- 
 Donald the pri\-ilege 
 of working around 
 the restaurant for his 
 board, which posi- 
 tion Mr. McDonald 
 filled for six weeks, 
 at the end of which 
 time, through the 
 kindness of IMeyer 
 Brothers & Company, the wholesale druggists, he 
 obtained a position as drug clerk with Mr.Beatty, 
 who then kept a drug store on Tenth and Olive 
 streets, which position he filled until 1880, 
 when he was appointed clerk in the office of the 
 circuit attorney by Joseph R. Harris, who had 
 been elected to that office. Believing that Mr. 
 McDonald possessed ability of a high order, 
 Mr. Harris persuaded him to read law, and he 
 was admitted to the bar in Lssi. During Mr. 
 Harris' illness, Mr. McDonald conducted the 
 business of that important office, and in LSS4 he 
 
520 
 
 OLD AND XFAV ST. LOriS. 
 
 was elected assistant circuit attorney on tlie 
 Republican ticket for a term of four years. It 
 was while holding this office that Mr. McDon- 
 ald began to attract attention as a lawyer, and 
 soon became known as a vigorous prosecutor. 
 During his term of office some of the most cele- 
 brated trials in the history of criminal cases 
 were tried in St. Louis, in which he took the 
 leading part, among which were the Preller- 
 Maxwell, and the Chinese Highbinder murder 
 cases, in which his matchless handling of the 
 facts and his wonderful knowledge of the 
 medico-legal questions involved attracted uni- 
 versal attention among the bar throughout the 
 West. 
 
 Since retiring from office Mr. McDonald has 
 still further added to his legal reputation by suc- 
 cessfully conducting the defense in several im- 
 portant criminal cases, the most recent being 
 the celebrated Vail case, in which Mr. McDon- 
 ald was pitted against four of the leading crim- 
 inal lawyers of the West. 
 
 His practice is not by an}- means confined to 
 the criminal law. He is regularly employed by 
 a large number of business firms and corpora- 
 tions. He has a large and growing general 
 practice, and has acquired in less than ten years 
 a standing at the bar of the city and State that 
 many lawyers have not been able to achieve in 
 a life-time. 
 
 Hough, Warwick, was born in Loudon 
 county, Virginia, January 2(5, 183(5. In th.e 
 autumn following, his parents, George W. and 
 Mary C. (Shawen) Hough, moved to St. Louis 
 county, Missouri, and thence, in 1838, to 
 Jefferson City, where they resided until the be- 
 ginning of the civil war in 18(51. His father, 
 George W. Hough, was a man of high char- 
 acter and of recognized ability and influence, 
 and took an active and prominent part in the 
 politics of Missouri from 1842 until the disrup- 
 tion of the social conditions and industrial inter- 
 ests of the State consequent upon the civil war, 
 when he retired from active participation in 
 public affairs. He continued to reside in Jef- 
 ferson Citv until his death, in February, 1878. 
 
 The subject of this sketch graduated from the 
 State University of ^lissouri in 1801, and three 
 years later the degree of Master of Arts was 
 conferred upon him, and afterwards, in 1883, 
 the degree of LL.D. In 1854 he was selected 
 from the graduating class by W. W. Hudson, 
 professor of mathematics in the university, to 
 make barometrical observations and calculations 
 for Professor George C. Swallow, the head of 
 the Geological Survey of Missouri at that time. 
 During the same year he was appointed assist- 
 ant State geologist by Governor Sterling Price. 
 His work in this field was eminently satisfac- 
 tory, and the full details of it are to be found in 
 the reports of B. F. Shumard and A. B. Meek, 
 printed in the geological reports of the State. 
 
 Early in 1857 he entered the law office of 
 Judge E. L. Edwards, of Jefferson City, and for 
 the next two years devoted his entire time to 
 the stud\- of law, and was admitted to the bar 
 ill January, IM.');!. 
 
 At the meeting of the Twentieth General As- 
 sembly he was elected secretary of the Senate, 
 and served in that capacity during the winters 
 of l«58-59, 1859-(50 and 18(50-61. In 18(50 he 
 formed a law partnership with Hon. J. Proctor 
 Knott, then attorney-general of the State, sub- 
 sequently a member of Congress from Kentucky, 
 and recently governor of that State. He was 
 appointed adjutant-general by Governor Clai- 
 borne F. Jackson, going south with governor 
 Jackson and serving with him until the gov- 
 ernor's death, when he was appointed secretary- 
 of state by Governor Thomas C. Reynolds, who, 
 as lieutenant-governor, succeeded Governor 
 Jackson, which position he resigned in Decem- 
 ber, 1863. In February, 1864, he was assigned 
 to duty on the staff of Lieutenant-General Polk. 
 After General Polk's death he served with Gen- 
 eral Stephen D. Lee, and afterwards on the staff 
 of General Dick Taylor, with whom he surren- 
 dered in May, 1865. Unable to return to the 
 practice of law in Missouri after the close of the 
 war, on account of the proscriptive provisions 
 of the Drake Constitution, he opened a law of- 
 fice in Memphis, Tennessee, in 18(55, where lie 
 resided until the abolition of test-oaths for 
 
>^ p. 
 
 4^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 -.21 
 
 attoriie\s in l.S(i7. In the fall of that \-ear he 
 came back again to Missouri, locating in Kan- 
 sas Cit}-, where he engaged in the practice 
 of his profession nntil 1(S74, when he was 
 reconniiended for the position of judge of the 
 vSuprenie Court by the entire bar, without dis- 
 tinction of party, of Jackson and adjacent 
 counties. 
 
 He received the nomination of the Democratic 
 vState Convention for that office, and in Novem- 
 l)er, 1<S74, was elected a judge of the Supreme 
 Court of the State of Missouri for the period of 
 ten years, from the first day of January, 1875. 
 At the expiration of his term of service on the 
 Supreme Bench, on January 1, LS.S;'), he removed 
 from Jefferson City to the city of St. Louis, and 
 that day entered into partnership, for the prac- 
 tice of the law, with Messrs. John H. Overall 
 and Frederick N. Judson, under the firm name 
 of Hough, Overall &: Judson. This copartner- 
 ship was dissolved by mutual consent on the 
 first day of January, ISIM), Judge Hough contin- 
 uing the practice, in cojiartnership with his 
 son, Warwick M. Hough, uiuler the firm name 
 of Hough & Hough. More recently Judge 
 Hough has received the appointment of Receiver 
 of the Souix City & Northern and Sioux City, 
 O'Neill iS: Northern railroads, (the Pacific 
 short line. ) 
 
 While he has always been ardenth- devoted 
 to his profession. Judge Hough has found time 
 to gather a vast fund of knowledge and a wide 
 range of infornuition on e\-ery ct)ncei\-able sub- 
 ject. 
 
 Even his scholastic studies did not end with 
 his college days. As a result of this pains- 
 taking study and research he is known as one 
 of the best equipped and most scholarh- mem- 
 bers of the legal profession in the West. 
 
 Judge Hough is above the medium height, 
 strongly and compactly built, easy and graceful 
 in his deportment, combining that suavity and 
 dignity that at once bespeaks the man of strong 
 character and indi\idualit\-, while possessing 
 that gentleness and kindliness of manner that 
 so distinctively mark the courteous, well-bred 
 gentleman. 
 
 Judge Hough was married in May, 1.S(>1, to 
 Miss Nina E. Massey, daughter of Hon. Benja- 
 min F. Massey, of Springfield, Missouri, then 
 secretar\- of state, and has five children. 
 
 Force, Hou.ston T., son of Benjamin Ward 
 and Julia (Harper) F'orce, was born in Charles- 
 ton, South Carolina, in l.S;')2. Both his parents 
 were thoroughgoing Americans, and their son 
 was taught from infancy to appreciate at their 
 true worth the privileges of true American citi- 
 zenship. During the early days of South Caro- 
 lina the Forces were prominent people, and for 
 many years before the war between the States 
 his father was a prominent and wealthy whole- 
 sale merchant of Charleston. He received a 
 common school education in Charleston, which 
 was interrupted by the outbreak of the war. 
 When the Federals bombarded Charleston, the 
 Force family sought refuge in middle Georgia, 
 the father and three elder brothers being in the 
 Confederate service. At the age of fifteen 
 young F'orce secured employment as a book- 
 keeper in a New York manufactor)-. 
 
 He remained in New York until 1870, when 
 he returned to the South and clerked for his 
 father in the wholesale shoe business at Atlanta, 
 Georgia. After two years of this work, and 
 when he was barely twenty years of age, he 
 mo\ed to IMemphis, Tennessee, where he en- 
 gaged in the hat jobbing business. The marked 
 success which crowned his effort in this work 
 prompted him to again seek employment in 
 a metropolitan city, and he accordingly came 
 to St. Louis in 1S77, and associated him- 
 self with the firm of Watkins & Gilliland, 
 wholesale hat dealers. His services proved to 
 be extremely valuable, and the opening of the 
 year 1882 found him a member of the firm, 
 which was incorporated as the Kimbrough-Scott 
 Hat Company. The company has remained in 
 business ever since, though on the death of IMr. 
 Kimbrough the style was changed to the Scott- 
 Force Hat Company, with Mr. Force as presi- 
 dent. The company now stands high in the 
 hat trade, and does an enormous business in all 
 parts of the West and vSouthwest. 
 
522 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Mr. Force is a self-made man and a genuine 
 philanthropist, doing much good in a quiet, un- 
 ostentatious manner. He was reared in the 
 Presbyterian faith. He was married in 187(j to 
 Miss Anna Lumpkin, daughter of Colonel John 
 W. Lumpkin, of Tennessee, of the prominent 
 Georgia family of that name, conspicuous in the 
 literary and political history of the State of 
 Georgia. 
 
 Joy, Cn.\RLES Frederick, ranks among the 
 most prominent lawyers in St. Louis, and he 
 has also proved himself to be a legislator of 
 marked ability and integrity. Mr. Joy is still 
 quite a young man, and has before him a career, 
 both on the bench and in Congress, which is a 
 source of unlimited gratification to his countless 
 friends. He is at the present time practicing his 
 profession in St. Louis, on account of the action 
 of a section of the Democratic members of 
 the fifty-second Congress, who recently unseated 
 him on a technicality. That he was fairly elected 
 over his Democratic opponent in 1892 has never 
 been questioned in St. Louis, or, indeed, in 
 Washington, and his unseating was one of those 
 political blunders which, to use the language of 
 the great French emperor, are worse than 
 crimes. 
 
 When the news reached St. Louis that the 
 wishes of the voters of the Ninth ^lissouri Dis- 
 trict had been treated with contempt, and that 
 the congressman of their choice had been turned 
 down to make room for his defeated opponent, 
 the greatest indignation was expressed, and at 
 the time of this writing efforts are being made 
 to compel Mr. Joy to accept a renomination and 
 to allow the more honorable among his political 
 opponents an opportunity to vote for him as a 
 protest against an act they all denounce. 
 
 The man who will represent the Eleventh 
 District in the fifty-fourth Congress was born in 
 Jacksonville, Illinois, December 11, 1849, his par- 
 ents being Charles and Georgiana Eunice ( Ames ) 
 Joy. His preliminary education was received 
 in his native city, after which he entered Yale 
 and graduated in the class of 1874. From Yale 
 young Mr. Joy went to Shamokin, Pennsyl- 
 
 vania, where, after studying law for a year, he 
 was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar. He 
 almost immediately came to St. Louis, where 
 he was examined for the State courts by Judge 
 Hamilton, and for the United States courts by 
 Hon. John W. Xoble. Passing his examina- 
 tions without difficulty, he entered into a part- 
 nership with Mr. Joseph R. Harris, and prac- 
 ticed with that gentleman until his election for 
 the circuit attorneyship. 
 
 Since then Mr. Joy has practiced alone, and 
 has enjoyed a most lucrative and honorable 
 practice. He is regarded as an expert in civil 
 and corporation law, but has also distinguished 
 himself in several criminal cases, notably in the 
 defense of John A. Cockrell for the sensational 
 killing of A. W. Slayback. 
 
 In the fall of ISttO he was nominated for 
 Congress for the Ninth District in spite of his 
 protest. The demands of his law practice pre- 
 vented him from conducting an active cam- 
 paign, and he was not elected. Two years later 
 he was renominated, but again was unable to 
 make as vigorous a race as he desired, and he 
 repeatedly requested to have his name removed 
 from the ticket. His great personal popularity 
 and Ills untarnished reputation resulted in his 
 running several hundred votes above his ticket 
 and in his election. His opponent, who had 
 made the race of his life to hold his seat, con- 
 tested the election, and although the result of 
 the recount increased Mr. Joy's niajorit\- consid- 
 erably, he was, as already stated, unseated to 
 meet a political exigency and without regard 
 to the merits of the contest. 
 
 Mr. Joy married, in Salem, Connecticut, ^liss 
 Arabel Ordway, daughter of the Rev. Jairus 
 Ordway of that city. Mrs. Joy died in Decem- 
 ber, 1880, leaving one child which has since 
 died. 
 
 N1CHOLL.S, Charles C, although not yet forty 
 years of age, is one of the prominent real estate 
 operators in the West, and St. Louis is greatly 
 indebted to him for his persistent energy and 
 the faith he has shown in the future ^owth 
 both of the city and of its realtv values. He is a 
 
BIOCRA PHICA L APPENDIX. 
 
 52S 
 
 man of very decided convictions and of the 
 strictest possible business probity. He is one 
 of those men whose word is accepted on every 
 occasion on every subject, and this unique rep- 
 utation has brought into his hands transactions 
 of an exceptionally large character. 
 
 Mr. Nicholls was born in Camden, New Jer- 
 sey, January 4, bS.");"). He combines Ijoth Old 
 and New England blood, his father being a 
 member of an English family, while his mother 
 was a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
 Young Nicholls re- 
 ceived an excellent 
 education in the pub- 
 lic schools of Phil- 
 adelphia, and al- 
 though he left school 
 at quite an early age 
 he first passed 
 through the Phila- 
 delphia High School, 
 and being exception- 
 ally studious and 
 well adapted to ac- 
 quiring information, 
 he was fully equip- 
 ped for a profes- 
 sional career when 
 he commenced the 
 battle of life. 
 
 His first work was 
 as a clerk in a music 
 store, where he re- 
 mained for five years . 
 During that period 
 
 he paid a visit to St. Louis, and although at 
 that time the city had not commenced its second 
 growth, he saw at once that its location was 
 such that it was destined to grow from its then 
 existing proportions to those of a great metro- 
 politan city. He accordingly, iu September, 
 lcS74, located here and secured a position in the 
 very old-established firm of Beard & Brother, 
 manufacturers of iron safes and cotton ties. I'\>r 
 one year he acted as assi.stant book-keeper, dur- 
 ing which time his sterling worth was so appar- 
 ent that he was appointed general manager. 
 
 CHARLES C. NICHOLLS 
 
 Three years later he had about completed ar- 
 rangements to go into business, when he was 
 offered an interest in the firm if he would re- 
 main in it. He accepted the proposition, and 
 the Beard & Brother Safe and Lock Company was 
 formed, Mr. Nicholls being made secretary of 
 the company and receiving as reward for meri- 
 torious service a large interest iu it. When Mr. 
 Beard died the company was wound up, Mr. 
 Nicholls acting as administrator and closing 
 out the estate, which was valued at about a 
 (juarter of a million. 
 .Vbout eight years 
 ago he opened up a 
 real estate office at 
 7-2<l Chestnut street, 
 and in 1888 he se- 
 cured a more favor- 
 able location at 71;^ 
 Chestnut street. In 
 .Vpril, 1.S'.I2, Mr. E. 
 P. \'. Ritter, who 
 had just severed his 
 connection with the 
 Fa mo us Shoe and 
 Clothing Company, 
 purchased a half in- 
 terest iu thebusiness, 
 a n d the Nicholls- 
 Rilter Realty and 
 l-'inancial Compau\- 
 was formed. 
 
 P>oth while he was 
 iu business alone 
 and since the forma- 
 tion of the last named company very extensive 
 operations have been successfully carried out. 
 Forest Park Place, north of Forest Park, was 
 laid out and a very handsome profit realized on 
 the transaction. The Bonhomme Heights tract 
 is also managed by this company, and also the 
 Chouteau Place tract. Other very large trans- 
 actions are either in course of progress or just 
 completed, and at this time the firm stands in 
 the front rank of leading real estate operators 
 in St. I^ouis. 
 
 In 1881 Mr. Nicholls married :\Iiss Julia C. 
 
524 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Chamberlain, of this city. iMr. and Mrs. Nich- 
 olls have two children. 
 
 The family are regular attendants at the 
 Grand Avenue Presbyterian Church, of which 
 church Mr. Nicholls has been an elder about 
 three years. 
 
 Hezel, Walter M. — Although yet a young 
 man not beyond his twenties, there are few at- 
 torneys in St. Louis better known, or more pop- 
 ular, than Walter M. Hezel. He was born 
 August 29, lS(j(), at P.elleville, Illinois, and is 
 the son of Morris and Mary ( Bauer) Hezel, the 
 names indicating that from both stems of the 
 genealogical tree he inherited pure German 
 blood. 
 
 He acquired a knowledge of the comuion or 
 rudimentary educational branches in the town 
 in which he was born and spent his )'outh. 
 Subsequetitly he received the higher and finish- 
 ing courses at the Christian Brothers" College, 
 in this city. 
 
 In making his choice of a profession, after 
 leaving college, he was fortunate in adopting 
 the law, a profession to which he is well adapted, 
 as subsequent circumstances have proved. He 
 became a student at the St. Louis Law SchooL-' 
 and in June, 1884, graduated, and within the 
 same month was admitted to the bar for jMac- 
 tice. 
 
 Some >ears since, he became associated with 
 Broadhead & Haeussler, and in October, I.SIU, 
 entered into partnership with Charles S. Broad- 
 head. Mr. Hezel overcame the adverse cir- 
 cumstances that usually beset a young attor- 
 ney in beginning practice within a time and 
 manner which was very flattering to his ability, 
 and now has a reputation and practice which 
 many attorneys more than twice his age may 
 well envy. 
 
 He is enthusiastically interested in public af- 
 fairs, and was urged a few years ago to become 
 a candidate for prosecuting attorney on an inde- 
 pendent ticket. He refused to allow the use of 
 his name, one of his reasons being that he is a 
 staunch Democrat. 
 
 Personally he is a good fellow, entertaining 
 
 and genial; and taking his wide-extending 
 popularity as a basis, it may confidently be 
 predicted that he may some day have any re- 
 sponsible ofhce to which he may aspire in the 
 gift of either municipality or State. 
 
 Mr. Hezel was married October 2(5, 1892, to 
 Aliss Ida L. Gempp, daughter of H. Genipp, a 
 leading druggist of St. Louis. 
 
 Haa.se, Charles, a successful busine.ss man, 
 and a carriage manufacturer who is thoroughly 
 conversant with every detail in connection with 
 the business, is a native of Germany, in which 
 country he was born October 7, 1841. His 
 parents were Christ and Sophia ( Cook ) Haase, 
 by whom he was well educated. 
 
 When about twenty-five years of age he de- 
 cided to emigrate to America, and came to vSt. 
 .Louis in l.S()8. He secured employment as a 
 woodworker for various firms, and continued as 
 a journeynuiu for some three years, when he 
 started in business for himself in connection 
 with the old firm of McCall, Lancaster & 
 Haase. 
 
 His complete attention was given to carriage 
 manufacturing, and several very valuable im- 
 'jirovements were devised and carried out by the 
 partners, and especially by the subject of this 
 sketch, who was a hard worker and an old be- 
 liever in thoroughness in every detail. Mr. 
 Lancaster died two years after the firm was es- 
 tablished, and the name was changed to McCall 
 & Haase. In 1885 the business had assumed 
 such magnitude that it was decided to incorpo- 
 rate under the laws of the State, and the McCall 
 & Haase Carriage Company of to-day came into 
 existence. 
 
 The depository of this firm is an exceptionally 
 large one. It is situated at Eighteenth and Pine 
 streets, within two blocks of the new Union Sta- 
 tion, and where an immense stock of carriages 
 is carried. 
 
 Mr. Haase is well known in social and society 
 circles, and is a popular member of the Legion of 
 Honor, the Royal Arcanum, and the A. O. U. W. 
 In December, 1874, he married Miss Elizabeth 
 Williams, of this city. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 mh 
 
 Tat.TV, Johx a., a proinincnt lawyer, and a 
 mail who is thorouijhly versed in every point 
 and technicality of civil law, has worked his waj' 
 up to his present eminence from small begin- 
 nincrs. He is still quite a young man, his life 
 having commenced just at the outbreak of the 
 war. But, although scarcely thirty-four years 
 of age, he has made his influence and power 
 felt, both in legal and political circles, and has 
 also shown a judicial ability which points very 
 conclusively towards his future success as a judge 
 of one of the higher 
 courts. 
 
 Judge Talty is the 
 son of Patrick H. 
 a u d C a t h e r i u e 
 (Vaughn) Talty, 
 
 v'as 
 
 )rn m 
 
 Moline, Illinois, 
 August i'2, l.S(;o. 
 He received h i s 
 education in t h e 
 schools of his native 
 town, and his first 
 work was as a sten- 
 ographer in a local 
 mercantile concern. 
 He had already 
 acquire d qui te a 
 liking for the legal 
 jnofession, and in 
 May, IS.SO, he came 
 to .St. lyouis, act- 
 uated very m u c h 
 bv a desire to study 
 
 law and become a member of the legal profession. 
 With this end in \-iew he accepted a position 
 as stenographer with the firm of Johnson, Lodge 
 & Johnson, working at his desk during the 
 day and studying law at intervals, and especially 
 during the evenings. He made rapid progress 
 with his studies, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1882, shortly after attaining his majority. 
 He commenced practice almo.st immediately, 
 and in bS83 he formed a copartnership with 
 Mr. Joseph G. Lodge. He continued with tliis 
 gentleman until 18<I0, when Mr. Lody-e ditil, 
 
 JOHN A. TALTY. 
 
 and Mr. Talty continued practicing alone. He 
 was appointed judge of the Court of Criminal 
 Correction in 18!K), and served about a jear. 
 He was nominated by the Republican conven- 
 tion in 18ill for the same oflSce, and made an 
 excellent race. 
 
 Mr. Talty is by conviction an ardent Repub- 
 lican, and he has taken great interest in local 
 political affairs, being regarded as a party man 
 of great value, both on account of his conserva- 
 tive tendencies, and also of his willingness to 
 work. He is one of 
 the leaders of the lo- 
 cal Republican party 
 and, as already inti- 
 mated, is marked for 
 early advancement. 
 Judge Talty is un- 
 married. He is a 
 memberof the Royal 
 -Vrcanum, and is a 
 charter member of 
 the Oriental Lodge 
 of the A. O. U. \V. 
 His handsome per- 
 sonal appearance, 
 his genial manner, 
 and his conspicuous 
 ability, make him 
 one of the most 
 prominent and best 
 respected members 
 of the local bar, and 
 his future is an 
 enviable one. 
 F., is one of the suc- 
 popular physicians of 
 
 Lui)WiG, Ch.\rlks V 
 cessful and justly and 
 vSt. Louis. Having had the benefit of educa- 
 tion and experience, both in Europe and Amer- 
 ica, he has made the best of his advantages, and 
 has attained an eminence in the medical pro- 
 fession which is a source of much gratification 
 to his friends. 
 
 Dr. Ludwig was born May 5, 1836, in Lan- 
 dau, one of the fortified cities of Rhenish Ba- 
 v:nia. His father, Df. John V. Ludwig, was a 
 miluarv surgeon in the Ninth Infantry Regiment 
 
526 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 of the Bavarian Army. His mother, Josephine J. 
 (Bellon) Lndwig, was the daughter of the ex- 
 mayor of Landau. On both sides of his ances- 
 tral tree, Dr. Ludwig is of distinguished descent, 
 and he inherits many of the characteristics 
 which made his ancestors successful and re- 
 spected in their native country. 
 
 Dr. Ludwig graduated from the high school 
 at Landau, and then entered the university at 
 Speyer, where he remained until his parents 
 migrated to America. He accompanied them, 
 and settling in St. 
 Louis continued 
 his studies and grad- 
 uated from the St. 
 Louis Medical Col- 
 lege, March 6, l«a.s. 
 After receiving his 
 degree he was ap- 
 pointed resident 
 physician of the 
 O'Fallon Dispensary 
 of the St. Louis 
 Medical College, and 
 assistant surgeon to 
 Dr. Charles A. Pope. 
 He also became cura- 
 tor of the college, an 
 ofhce which he held 
 until the outbreak of 
 the war. He was 
 mustered into the 
 service of the United 
 States Army on the 
 occasion of Lincoln's 
 
 first call for troops, and was commissioned assist- 
 ant surgeon of the Third Regiment of Missouri 
 Infantry Volunteers. He accompanied the regi- 
 ment through all its engagements during the 
 southwestern expedition under Generals Lyon 
 and Sigel. He was present at the battles of 
 Carthage and Wilson's Creek, and also subse- 
 quently he was promoted to the position of reg- 
 imental surgeon of the First Regiment, Mis- 
 souri Volunteers. After the battle of Pea Ridge, 
 Arkansas, he became s(irgeon-in-chief of the 
 Post Hospital at Pacific City, Missouri. 
 
 CHARLES V. F. LUDWIO. 
 
 After the war was over Dr. Ludwig resumed 
 the practice of medicine, and in liSdii he in- 
 vented a system of water filtration of an exceed- 
 ingly valuable character. Unfortunately, it was 
 not adopted in St. Louis, or the supply from the 
 mains would be of a far more agreeable charac- 
 ter. He is a member of the St. Louis Medical 
 Society, the State Medical Association of Mis- 
 souri, the American Medical Association, the 
 Alumni Association of the St. Louis Medical 
 College, of the Knightsof Honor, the A. O. U. W. , 
 and is a ^lason in 
 good standing. The 
 Doctor is also post 
 surgeonof the Frank 
 P. Blair Post of the 
 Grand Army of the 
 Republic. 
 
 The Doctor is a 
 Republican in poli- 
 tics, and cast his first 
 \-ote for President 
 Lincoln. In 18(^5 he 
 was president of the 
 Charcoal Club, which 
 was f<.)rmcd in the 
 P'ifth Ward, now the 
 Third, in opposition 
 to the Claybank 
 Democratic Club. 
 
 The Doctor mar- 
 ried, September 'I'l, 
 l.sr)8. Miss Emily 
 Gantie, only daugh- 
 ter of Mr. Theodore 
 and Mrs. t;mily Gantie, both from Paris, France. 
 Mr. Gantie was a prosperous merchant and im- 
 porter of fine cloth, whose place of business 
 was on Main street, between jNIarket and Wal- 
 nut. 
 
 The great fire of IS-I.S destroyed his en- 
 tire building and large stock of goods. He was 
 one of the first to rebuild and re-establish his 
 business, in which he continued to be pros- 
 perous. 
 
 He retired from lousiness in l<S(;o, and died 
 in 1.S77. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 527 
 
 Dr. Liulwig was always fascinated with the 
 study of nature's laws and forces. One of his 
 pet studies was aerial navigation, embracing a 
 system the principle of which is jet motion, for 
 which he claims priority. 
 
 Bi.KSS, Harmox J. — Of the younger members 
 who are competent to take up the burden and 
 sustain the brilliant record made by the able 
 men who have reflected honor and credit on St. 
 Louis as members of her bar, there is none who 
 excites greater ex- 
 pectations, and none 
 more worthy than 
 the you n g m a n 
 whose name is writ- 
 ten at the beginning 
 of this brief biogra- 
 phy. He has been 
 a member of our bar 
 only a comparati\'eh- 
 short term of years, 
 and \'et he has won 
 a reputation and suc- 
 cess that any }oung 
 attorney might well 
 be proud of. 
 
 Harmon J. Bliss 
 was born in West- 
 field, Chautau qua 
 county, Xew York, 
 November Ki, l.s.')Sl 
 His father, Harmon 
 J., died in l.S(;;3, 11 vk.mon 
 
 leaving his son and 
 
 namesake fatiierless at the age of five years. 
 I>ut his mother was a woman of high principles 
 of rectitude, self-reliant, and of a strong and ex- 
 cellent character, and the rearing of her son 
 being thus left entirely to her, he was given the 
 best capital that can be inherited b>- any bo\- — 
 the knowledge and principles instilled b>' a 
 mother's teaching. The mother's name, before 
 her marriage, was Mary E. Plumb, and she is 
 yet living at Detroit, Michigan. His mother 
 knew the inestimable advantages of a good edu- 
 cation, and the subject of this sketch was early 
 
 sent to the common school, and to the academy 
 of his native place, and having finished his 
 course there, he entered Hamilton College, near 
 Utica, New York, from which institution he 
 graduated in 1881, standing high in his class. 
 
 Soon after graduation, having selected the 
 law as a profession, he entered the office of 
 Messrs. Williams and Potter, in Buffalo, New 
 York, as a student. After some time passed in 
 the study of the law in Buffalo, he accepted the 
 position of classical instructor in a private school 
 for boys, in New Or- 
 leans, where he re- 
 moved in the fall of 
 l'*^'"^o, still pursuing 
 his legal studies 
 when not engaged 
 in the duties of his 
 position. In May, 
 llS'Sy, he removed to 
 St. Lou is , with a 
 \iew of peimanently 
 locating for the prac- 
 tice of his profession, 
 and in October of the 
 same year was ad- 
 mitted to the bar. 
 He at once opened 
 an ofifice for practice, 
 and has since con- 
 tinued alone. 
 
 Mr. Bliss is con- 
 sidered a young law- 
 I- HI isi. yer of much promise. 
 
 He is ambitious, 
 talented, and a student, and his friends do not 
 doubt that he will compel success in his chosen 
 vocation. He is liberal in all his views, and 
 while in political belief he is a staunch Demo- 
 crat, in nothing is he a bigot. ^Ir. Bliss is 
 unmarried. 
 
 I'"Ktix, Jkrkmiah, is a man of ceaseless energy 
 and great personal magnetism. He has risen to 
 his present prominent position in the city by 
 dint of hard work and by introducing into his 
 business the best methods and the most concise 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 system. He is vice-president of the F'ruin-Bam- 
 brick Construction Company, and has worked 
 for many years in connection with Mr. William 
 H. Swift, of whose career we have spoken at 
 length on a preceding page. 
 
 Mr. Fruin is a member of the large class of self- 
 made men which has had and still exerts such a 
 conspicuous influence on the destinies of the 
 great West and Southwest. He is not by any 
 means a conspicuous politician, although he 
 has given to practical legislation a great deal 
 of study and attention. His worth as a citizen, 
 and his reliability as a business and professional 
 man, was recently recognized by Governor Stone, 
 who appointed him a police commissioner in 
 St. Louis. 
 
 When the appointment was first announced 
 there was some doubt as to whether ]\Ir. Fruin 
 would accept it. The salary attached to the 
 office is purely nominal, and to a man of Mr. 
 Fruin's wealth was a matter of no importance. 
 He had, moreover, no " fish to fry" and no 
 particular ends to serve. A sense of public duty, 
 however, constrained him to accept the appoint- 
 ment, and he has already proved himself to be 
 admirably adapted for the position, displaying 
 executive ability and marked impartiality on 
 every occasion of importance. 
 
 To-day Mr. Fruin stands in the foremost rank 
 of reliable, progressive St. Louis men, and he 
 never refused his sanction to any project of a 
 legitimate character calculated to benefit the 
 city in any way. 
 
 Mr. Fruin was born in Ireland, on July ti, 
 1831, but he carries his years so well that he is 
 seldom suspected of being in the sixties. When 
 he was a mere child his parents, John and Cath- 
 erine Fruin, decided to make their home in this 
 country, and they accordingly landed in New 
 York in 1834 with their young son. His 
 father obtained several contracts from the New 
 York and Brooklyn municipalities, and young 
 Fruin, as soon as he was old enough, com- 
 menced to assist in the work. Hence his edu- 
 cation was somewhat interfered with, but he 
 obtained at the common schools a good smatter- 
 ing of the rudiments, and being a good reader 
 
 and student soon equipped himself for a busi- 
 ness career. Life did not prove a bed of roses 
 to him during his boyhood and early manhood, 
 and the lessons of adversity he learned while 
 completing his growth have probably done as 
 much towards insuring his success as the most 
 complete university education and lengthy ap- 
 ]3renticeship could possibly have accomplished. 
 
 When the war broke out Mr. Fruin's sympa- 
 thies were naturally with the North, and early 
 in 1861 he came on to St. Louis to accept a po- 
 sition in the quartermaster's department of the 
 Army of the West, under General Fremont. 
 His military service was not a sinecure, for he 
 went through the entire western campaign and 
 was present at such important engagements as 
 Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Fort Henr\-, Ijehnont 
 and several others. 
 
 After doing his duty to his coiintry, in reganl 
 to military service, ^Ir. Fruin, who was quick 
 to foresee the future in store for St. Louis, 
 promptly decided to locate here, and he at once 
 opened up in a small way in the contracting busi- 
 ness. The experience he had acquired in New 
 York and Brooklyn stood him in good stead, 
 and he soon obtained a number of contracts for 
 street excavating, water-works construction and 
 similar work. The prompt and able manner in 
 which these contracts was executed made him 
 exceedingly popular with the municipal author- 
 ities, and he carried out a great deal of emer- 
 gency work with marked success. He also 
 obtained a number of railroad contracts of vari- 
 ous kinds, and from the earliest date of his 
 work earned a reputation for thoroughness and 
 reliability. 
 
 Uniting himself with Mr. W. H. Swift, he 
 and his partner largely increased their business, 
 and in January, 1885, the Fruin-Bambrick Con- 
 struction Company was incorporated, with ]\Ir. 
 Fruin as vice-president. At the present time 
 the firm has in hand a large number of most 
 important contracts, and the house is probably 
 without a peer in this line of work in the West. 
 Some of its rapid work in connection with 
 street railroad building during the transit boom 
 in St. Louis has been phenomenal in character. 
 

 /7^^-i-^<^--cy^ 
 
DIOGRAPHICA L APPENDIX. 
 
 and lias attracted uni\-ei'sal praist-, especiallv a.s 
 tlie work lias been invariably ,y;t)()d, irrespecti\-e 
 of the time given for its coiiiplction. 
 
 Prior to locating in St. Lonis, Mr. Fniiii 
 married Miss Katherine Carroll, of IJrookUii. 
 He has two grown children — one of them a 
 st)ii and the other a daughter. 
 
 vSciti'XMAX, Chari.k.s HI';xrv, son of Henrv 
 and Jane C. ( Smith ) vSchuiiman, was Ijorn in 
 .St. Louis, May 14, l.s.")4. He recei\'ed his earh- 
 education in the 
 
 th 
 
 I) 1 i c schools of 
 city, graduating 
 
 from the H i g h 
 School, after which 
 he s])eiit two years 
 at Cornell Univer- 
 sit>-. At the age of 
 twenty-one he went 
 into his father's 
 office as collector, 
 his father being in 
 the coal and street 
 sjninkling btisiness. 
 T h i s position he 
 filled for some \ears, 
 when he was ad- 
 \aiiced to the posi- 
 tion of book-keeper, 
 and kept the books 
 of the firm until his 
 lather's death, which 
 occurred in J u n e, 
 I''^l'<l, just as he was 
 making arrangements to retire from active busi- 
 ness. After settling up his father's estate he, 
 in company with his brother-in-law ( Mr. A. T. 
 Ste\eiis) and Mr. William C. Abbott, founded 
 the firm of vSte\ens, Schunman &. Company 
 — .Mr. Schunman becoming vice-president and 
 treasurer — dealers in all sorts of farm imple- 
 ments and machinery, as well as a fine line of 
 buggies, surreys, phaetons, etc., for both country 
 and city trade. 
 
 October 1, bS'.H, or jiisl one year alter they 
 had started, the firm became an incorporated 
 
 :has. h. schunhan. 
 
 company-, and their display at the St. Louis 
 Fair of !•"->!• 1 was one of the features of that 
 exhibition, and was much remarked on. 
 
 Mr. Schunman was married on April 20, 1887, 
 to ?*Irs. Nellie Uhl Bacthly, but had the mis- 
 fortune to lose her by death June ;!0, 1888. 
 
 ^fAKTix, TiLLV Alkxaxdkr, was boru near 
 the town of Miami, Saline county, ^lissouri, 
 January 11, 1.S41I. He attended the common 
 schools until the age of seventeen, when betook 
 a course at Prichett 
 Institute at Glas- 
 gow, ]\Iissouri. He 
 then , under the tutor- 
 ship of Dr. Benson, 
 of Miami, began the 
 study of medicine. 
 At the age of nine- 
 teen he matriculated 
 at Bellevue Hospital 
 Medical College, 
 New York, and after 
 attending two winter 
 and one summer 
 course of lectures at 
 that college, passed 
 a successful com- 
 petitive examination 
 for a position as 
 liouse physician for 
 the Children's Hos- 
 pital, of New York. 
 He ne.xt accepted 
 the position of house 
 physician to the lunatic asylum on Blackwell's 
 Island, containing at that time about twelve 
 hundred patients. After a service of one year 
 he resigned and came west, locating at Dalton, 
 Chariton county, Missouri, entering very soon 
 into a large and general practice. 
 
 .\mong the poor he was especiall\- helpful 
 and s\ nipathetic: not only when necessary did 
 he furnish his services free, but also medicines, 
 and not infrequently the necessaries of life. 
 Although not rich himself, he invariably refuses 
 compensation from those who are palpably 
 
530 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 unable to pay. Many a fee has he returned 
 with the advice to wait until better able to liqui- 
 date the debt. He is of robust physique, in 
 stature six feet, in weight something over two 
 hundred pounds, of a rather modest and retiring 
 disposition, but to friends always jovial and 
 companionable. After a large and extensive 
 practice in the country of fifteen years' duration, 
 he located at St. Louis in 1885. 
 
 In 1886 he accepted the position of lecturer 
 on the diseases of children in the Missouri 
 Medical College. In 1887 he was called to fill 
 the position of clinical professor of diseases of 
 children, and lecturer on hygiene and dietetics. 
 In addition to these responsible duties he has 
 charge of and attends the largest children's 
 clinic — at the Missouri Medical College — prob- 
 ably west of New York. 
 
 Bernays, Augustus Charles, son of Au- 
 gu.stus Charles and i\Iinna Bertrand (Doering) 
 Bernays, was born at Highland, St. Clair county, 
 Illinois, October 13, 1854. His father was a 
 prominent physician, and his mother a woman 
 of the highest culture. The latter was a teacher 
 at St. Mary's Hall, lyondon, and a member of a 
 devout Christian family, and while in London, 
 Dr. Bernays, Sr., who was of Hebrew parent- 
 age but had been Christianized, met Miss Doer- 
 ing, and after locating in St. Louis sent for her 
 and married her here. 
 
 Young Bernays' early education was superin- 
 tended by his mother and an aunt, who carefully 
 instructed him in German, grammarand French. 
 His first schooling was received at a common 
 school in St. Louis, Missouri. He was gradu- 
 ated at McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois, 
 in 1872, taking the degree of A.B. In Octo- 
 ber of the same year he entered the University 
 of Heidelberg, matriculating as a student in the 
 medical department. He was kept closely at 
 his studies for four years and then passed the 
 examination for the degree of M.D., in July 
 1876, taking the highest honors. He was the 
 first American-born student to take that degree 
 '■'■ stmima ctira laiidc"' at the University of 
 Heidelberg, which fact was commented on in 
 
 the English and American university magazines. 
 After graduating he served a term as assistant 
 house surgeon in the Academic Hospital at 
 Heidelberg, under the great surgeon Prof. Gus- 
 tav Simon, and Prof. Hermann Lossen. 
 
 In 1877 Dr. Bernays went to England, and in 
 the autumn of that year qualified for and passed 
 the examination for the degree of Member of the 
 Royal College of Surgeons of England, which 
 is equal to the State's examination in Germany, 
 and entitles the holder to practice anywhere in 
 Great Britain and the Colonies. 
 
 Having returned to this country, Dr. Bernays 
 began the practice of surgery in St. Louis, 
 Missouri, and in 1883 was elected professor of 
 anatomy and clinical surgery in the College of 
 Physicians and Surgeons of this city. Besides 
 teaching anatomy, which is his special and most 
 favorite work, he has been the leader in aggress- 
 ive and original surgery. A series of mono- 
 graphs, about twenty-five in number, published 
 under the title of " Chips from a Surgeon's 
 Workshop," have recorded the progress of his 
 work. 
 
 In 1889 Dr. Bernays performed the first suc- 
 cessful Csesarean section in the State of Mis- 
 souri, saving both mother and child. At the 
 International Congress of Medicine at Berlin in 
 1890, where Prof. Bernays was secretary of the 
 surgical section, he read a paper on the treat- 
 ment of intestinal wounds which caused much 
 favorable comment and was reprinted in every 
 ci\-ilized country. Another contribution is a 
 new operation for the treatment of retroflexion 
 of the uterus, February, 1890. 
 
 Professor Bernays' practice is, jDcrhaps, the 
 largest of any surgeon in the West, and besides 
 his private work he devotes a great deal of time 
 to teaching surgery and operating in the charita- 
 ble institutions of the city of St. Louis. 
 
 " Dr. Bernays' strongest points," writes Dr. 
 I. N. Love, the eminent medical journalist, 
 " are as a teacher of anatomy and as a clinical 
 teacher. He has the gift of being able to change 
 the usual didactic and very tiresome method of 
 lecturing on anatomy into a most interesting 
 demonstration. By using colored chalk upon 
 
^M^M-^ 
 
 :^-t^^/^z^^^-d--. 
 
RIOGRAPIirCAL APPENDIX. 
 
 tlu- blackboard to ilhistrate every detail of form 
 and relative location of the parts, the points nsn- 
 ally difHcnlt to explain to stndents are made clear 
 and are readily nnderstood. It is in the snry;ical 
 clinic as a diagnostician and operator, ho\vc\-cr, 
 where Dr. Bernays finds the most admirers. His 
 very strict and careful training in jjathology have 
 given him an insight into the processes of dis- 
 ease which give him such knowledge as he can 
 use to the greatest advantage in the clinics in 
 making diagnoses. 
 
 " Nature has been very lavish in giving Dr. 
 Bernays such organs of sense and motion as 
 were capable of being trained to a high degree 
 of acuteuess and of dexterity. As an operator 
 he is an artist. His results are such as to com- 
 mand the admiration and receive the highest 
 praise from his co-workers in the profession. 
 Perhaps no operator was ever more sought after 
 by younger men in the profession who desire 
 to perfect themselves in the most advanced de- 
 partments of surgery, and it may be truthfully 
 said that Dr. Bernays is sent for to perform 
 surgical work by a larger number of his col- 
 leagues in the city than an)- other surgeon 
 since the death of the lamented Dr. John T. 
 Hodgen. 
 
 "One of the striking characteristics of Dr. 
 Bernays is his utter disregard for money for 
 money's sake. He is so absorbed with the 
 scientific and artistic features of his work as to 
 ha\e almost a morbid distaste for the financial 
 part of it. This latterly he has escaped by 
 ha\ing a lousiness manager, who takes charge 
 of all the financial details of his life. Dr. Bernays 
 is professor of anatomy and surgical pathology 
 in the Marion-Sims College of Medicine and the 
 Woman's Medical College of St. Louis. His 
 reputation is wide-spread, and his cases come to 
 him from ever\- State in the Union, he having 
 been called repeatedly into the Territories and 
 e\en as far west as ,San Francisco to do sur- 
 gical work. His generosity, not only in the 
 matter of money, but in the direction of assist- 
 ing other operators to learn by example all the 
 details of surgical technique, is unparalleled. 
 He is consistently exclusively a surgeon. 
 
 "After having observed him carefully from 
 every standpoint for nearly twenty years, I do 
 not hesitate to say he is one of the most remarka- 
 ble men within my knowledge. To sum up, he 
 is a consummate artist, skirting the border line 
 of genius, possessing that which is rare among 
 such, the genius of hard work, and in his family 
 relations with his aged relatives and affectionate 
 sisters he is as tender as a woman, and in addi- 
 tion possesses tho.se qualities essential to the 
 making of a good friend, the disposition to stay 
 with his friend through thick and thin. He 
 belongs not to the class that work their friends, 
 but to those who work for them. He is a born 
 optimist and ready to forgive tho.se who offend. 
 He is in the prime of life, in the zenith of his 
 fame, which is world-wide." 
 
 Spencer, Hor.\tio N., .son of Horatio N. 
 and Sarah Marshall Spencer, was born at Port 
 Gibson, Mississippi, July 7, 1X42. He attended 
 the private schools of his native county and 
 then entered the Alabama University, where he 
 graduated at the age of eighteen. 
 
 His sympathies were naturally with the South, 
 and he served in the Confederate Army, suffer- 
 ing much privation and hardship, but never 
 flinching or shirking a duty. .\t the close of the 
 war he took up the study of medicine, and, in 
 order to thoroughly qualify himself, he entered 
 the College of Physicians and Surgeons at New 
 York City, where he graduated in 1868. He 
 then crossed the Atlantic, and after continuing 
 his studies in Europe, and perfecting himself 
 for his chosen profession, he came to St. Louis 
 in 1870, where he settled permanently, entered 
 upon the practice of medicine and speedily ob- 
 tained a large and lucrative practice. 
 
 He is professor of diseases of the ear at the 
 Missouri Medical College, and ranks high as a 
 physician of skill and reliability. 
 
 His first wife, a Miss Kirkland, died in the 
 year 188o, and the Doctor married Miss Lila 
 Dwight, of Charleston, South Carolina, two years 
 later. 
 
 By his first marriage he had five children — 
 three daughters and two sons. 
 
532 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 winters 
 age of ten 
 
 PoLLMAN, Henry Clay, president of the firm 
 of H. C. Pollman & Brother, coal merchants and 
 sprinkling contractors, was born in New York, 
 October 7, 1847. He is the son of Frederick C. 
 and Elizabeth Pollman, the former being at one 
 time lieutenant-colonel in the Fourth Missouri 
 Regiment. 
 
 When Henry Clay was quite young, Mr. and 
 Mrs. Pollman moved to St. Louis, and such edu- 
 cation as the lad received was acquired in 
 this city. He went to school during three 
 but at the 
 he was 
 sent to work in a 
 brick yard. 
 
 He continued at 
 this work until he 
 was thirteen, when 
 he enlisted under 
 Colonel Stiefel in the 
 FifthMissouri Volun- 
 teer militia. He only 
 enlisted for three 
 months' service, but 
 as soon as he was 
 mustered out he re- 
 enlisted in theF'ourth 
 Missouri Volunteers, 
 serving with this reg- 
 iment for two years 
 and six months. His 
 active service in the 
 field terminated at 
 the battle of Big Riv- 
 er in Southeast Mis- 
 souri, when he was captured b\- the enemy 
 while on a foraging expedition. 
 
 The war over, he was apprenticed to the plas- 
 tering business, at which he served for five 
 years, learning it very thoroughly. He then 
 served for two years as a journeyman, and after 
 this went into business for himself, continuing 
 until the year 1877. 
 
 Then, with a nominal capital, he commenced 
 the coal and wood business, at his present loca- 
 tion. He opened up under most unfortunate con- 
 
 HENRY C. POLLMAN 
 
 having lost heavily on a row of houses which 
 he built, and which the panic of 1876 depreci- 
 ated in value to sucli an extent as to well-nigh 
 ruin the young plasterer. But his credit was 
 good, and his reputation for honesty and hard 
 work was so high that he made rapid strides 
 in his business, and within two years had not 
 only the satisfaction of having paid off the 
 entire debt, but had also laid the foundation for 
 a successful business. P'or upwards of eight 
 years he drove a team of his own, kept his own 
 books and attended 
 to his own work eu- 
 tireh'. 
 
 In addition to 
 sprinkling work Mr. 
 Pollman does a large 
 jobbing coal busi- 
 ness, and is also 
 working up one of 
 the largest retail coal 
 businesses in the 
 city. 
 
 Mr. Pollman's ca- 
 reer is a remark- 
 able one, for he is 
 now, at the age of 
 fort \- -six, on the 
 high road to wealth 
 and prosperity. He 
 has maintained 
 through the vicissi- 
 tudes of his career a 
 highly upright and 
 honorable repiita- 
 tion, and is looked upon, generally, as a man in 
 whose word implicit reliance can be placed. 
 
 Mr. Pollman married on June 17, 18()il, Miss 
 Violet Morange, of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 
 daughter of the late vice-president of the Erie 
 Central Railway. ]\Irs. Pollman died on No- 
 vember 24, ISSM), leaving one daughter. Miss 
 Florence ^lercedes, who is now a handsome 
 young lady of sixteen years. Mr. Pollman has 
 subsequently married Miss Ellen Koops, of St. 
 Louis, and has one baby daughter, Violet Mar- 
 
 ditions, as he was over a thousand dollars in debt, garet. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 533 
 
 .MoTT, Frederick W. — One to whom the 
 people of South St. Louis and Caroudelet are 
 deeply indebted as one of the most energetic 
 and progressive factors in the growth of that 
 part of the metropolis, is the aforementioned 
 gentleman, who was born in New York City, 
 December 2, 184,l, and is the son of John and 
 Annie (Thiel) Mott. When but eight years of 
 age he was brought west, locating at Carlin- 
 ville, Illinois. In this village he received the 
 elements of an education at the common schools, 
 and later attended , 
 
 Blackburn Univer- 
 sity in that town. 
 In ISi;.") young -Mott, 
 being then about six- 
 teen years old, came 
 to St. Louis. His 
 father had died pre- 
 vious to this time at 
 I! r o o k 1 )■ n , X e w 
 York, aiul the young 
 man realized that he 
 was left in a posi- 
 tion where he must 
 largely depend on 
 his own efforts for 
 whatever worldly 
 benefits he received 
 in f u ture. After 
 reaching St. Louis 
 he continued his 
 schooling, and was 
 the first pupil ad- 
 mitted to the Blow 
 
 School of South St. Louis, after its completion. 
 After completing his common school course, he 
 was, in l.S()7, admitted to the High School, 
 which institution he left to begin the active 
 business of life. 
 
 His first employment was as messenger boy 
 for the Life Association of America. He did 
 not here have to earn promotion by tiresome 
 and long-continued efforts, as his shrewdness 
 and ability were so apparent to his employers 
 that after but ten days' service he was promoted 
 at one stage from messenger to private secretary 
 
 of the general manager. That this gentleman's 
 estimate of his capacity was wholly correct was 
 shown by a promotion which followed, and by 
 which he was made assistant secretary of the 
 company. In 1X7H honors of a still wider and 
 deeper complimentary character were conferred 
 on him, when by his fellow-citizens he was 
 elected to the State Legislature as the represent- 
 ative of a St. Louis district, and he accord- 
 ingly resigned his office with the company to 
 enter the service of the people. That he proved 
 both w o r t h \- and 
 
 able in this, as 
 trusts of a less re 
 sponsible nature, i: 
 
 in 
 
 by the fact 
 ; represented 
 
 FREDERICK 
 
 shown 
 
 that h 
 
 this district three 
 
 successive terms. 
 
 While yet one of 
 the State's legislat- 
 ors he began agi- 
 tating the scheme of 
 building a rapid 
 transit line of street 
 railway from Caron- 
 delet to a central 
 part of the city. He 
 was not content with 
 agitation merely, but 
 soon began the work 
 of organizing the 
 Southern Railway 
 Company, which 
 constructed the elec- 
 tric line that now connects Carondelet with 
 Sixth and Market streets. This appreciated 
 wonderfully the real estate values in the South 
 End, and Mr. Mott, realizing the profit to be 
 gained by investment therein, after a time re- 
 signed his office as vice-president of the South- 
 ern Railway Company and became a real estate 
 dealer and agent. But one thing has never 
 seemed to furnish enough work to absorb all his 
 extraordinary energy, and in a short time he 
 began the organization of the vSyenite (iranite 
 Company, under the instructions of Wm. R. 
 
 noTT. 
 
534 OLD AND NliW ST. I.OCIS. 
 
 Allen, Tliis is tlif coiiii)aiiv wliicli first intio- into the nicrcaiitilc hnsiiu-ss at I'losix-cl, Ohio, 
 
 (iiiced and paved the city with },nanite. where tiiey did a },'.,.„| hnsiness nntil the fall <.f 
 
 At the solicitation of liis friends, Mr. Molt, \>^y.\, wlieii the\- sold out their inhiesl in I'ros- 
 iii I««;^., again entered jKditics in an olficial ])e(t, and Mr. I'ield went to C(;hnnl)ns, Ohio, 
 capacity. In that )car he wa.s a factor in break- where lie hecanie a teaelier in " (iranj^er's Com- 
 ing a dead-lock in the City Council, which went inercial Colle)j;e." This position he held for fisc 
 to pieces wlien his name was ])resented as the \-ears, when he i|nil and attain went into iIk 
 collector of water rates. To this ])laee he was mereantilt' hnsiness, (his time ;il I'Unioulli, 
 nnanimonsly elected and served four years, or ()hio, where hc' lemaincd for I wo \ cars, or niU il 
 nntil liie a])]iointnient of his successor, Joseph the wai broke out, wlun, in order to oflei his 
 'l"em|)le, by the incoming Democratic ndniin- services to his eonntry, he sold onl his business 
 istralion. in IMMH he became a standard bearer for a second time, and rai.sed a ronii)an\ . 
 on his ])art\'s .Slate ticket, being a c-.indidale I.ater, he went to Marion, ( )hio, and became 
 for seeretarv of st.ate. Fie was beaten bv I/s- ,a menib<r of (he firm of C. II. Kling .S: Com- 
 siienr, but reeei\ed a majority of I 1 ,<tO<l soles in p,in\-, where he s(:i\(il for ei.^lK \-ears, when he 
 .St. Louis. Mr. Mott hasalwa\s been an ar<lent soKI on( liis inleres( lo his i)ai(ners, and in < )e- 
 Reiniblicau, and is a power in bo( h t-ommeivial (ober, b^CS, came (o Si. l<onis ,ind (ook charge 
 and political affairs of (he Sondi luid, ,in<l his of the agricultural ini]. lenient deparlnicnl of 
 friends say his fu(uic in bodi fields is of (he Swan, ( )gden tS: Compain (of wliieh linn In 
 brightest. It shoul.l not be foruo((eii, in (his was a meud)er ), ;it i;02 Nor( h Main st reel , Cpoii 
 eonneelion, dial he served eight ve.irs as, •iniem- the de.ilh of Mr. Sw.iii in Ih7l', the firm dis- 
 bi r of the Slate Repnbli.'.in Committee, and w.as solved, .in.] Mr. b'ield reorg,ani/e<l itniulerthe 
 the .secretary of the bod\- during that ])criod, or, n;iine of I'.nford X: I'ield, doing business ;it '.'i^i' 
 that he was a deleg.ite to the Chicago Natii>nal N'orth Steoiid slreel. In ISTS (s])ring) (he 
 Convention wdiich nominated I'daine and Logan, firm dissolved, Mr. linford going to Kansas Cil\, 
 
 Mr. Mott is still in tlic real estate business, and Mr. iMcld bnuieliing out as a manufacturer 
 
 whicdi lie h;is c-arried forward successfully, ex- of sugar cane maehiner\- and tre.id mills, ,is 
 
 ei-pt when interrupted by the duties of i)ublic Jas. A. I'ield 60 Com].;in\ . In (he s.ime \ear 
 
 ofru-e. lie is an active Mason, ;iiul has been a he removed his c-nlire |)lanl (o KIl^l' .\'or(li 
 
 mendier of Cood Hope Lodge, No, ai«, since I'ighdi slreel, where he has been ever since, 
 
 IH7.'), and is a I'ast .Master of the same, and where e.ieh ve.ir shows ;in increase of busi- 
 
 Mr. Mott married, in 1«7I, Mi.ss Isal)ella S. ne.ss ovei the preceding. 
 Rutherf(n-d, of this city. ^ .She is tlie danglitcr Mr. I'ield is .1 meinber of die ( '...ode Aveiim- 
 
 of Archibald .S. Rutherford, who was one of tlie M. \%. Church, and he is also a director of the 
 
 city's earliest merchants, and was tlie founder Piasa lilnffs Assembly; of the St. Louis Deacons' 
 
 of the present house of Scruggs, Vandervoort & Home; of the I{islio])'s Residence Com|)any, .iiul 
 
 I'.arney. Mr, and Mrs, Mott have two children of the McKendree College a( Lebanon, Illinois, 
 
 — both sons — aged, respectively, eighteen and and secretary of the board of directors of the 
 
 twenty-two years. Carleton ColUge, ;it I-'armington, .Missouri. 
 
 On the ixth of March, lHil2, he was elected 
 
 I'"!!';!.!), Ja.mivS AiDKN, son of James and .Mary la)- delegate to the general conference of the 
 
 (Landon) Field, was born at Delaware, Ohio, M. K. Church, which met May 1st, at Om.ilia, 
 
 Angu.st 2(i, 1><;U. He received liis education at Nebraska, receiving seventy-six of the ninelv- 
 
 the Oliio We.sleyan University, and also took a two votes cast. Mr. I'ield has ue\(r held polif- 
 
 course and graduated at Lukes' Commercial Col- ical oflices, nor had political ,is].ii.i(i(nis, l.ikiiig 
 
 lege at Ciucinn.id, Ohio. ,\fter he left school, no furdur in(eris( in ])olilies (h.iii eiioii-h 
 
 he, in iXal), in eoni]>any with his brother, went to be verv careful to .lei.osil his b.illot for 
 
/i/()(,h'.i /'///( Ai. Arri-.NPix. 
 
 535 
 
 tlu- n^rlit i).itt 
 
 lie was man-: 
 
 A. SI 
 
 It, 
 
 .I.INS, 
 
 ismaiii 
 
 C.h 
 
 Martin. 
 •c- c-xiK-rt 
 
 nil :.';'., 
 IS, Olii. 
 
 U<^- 
 
 I I'vc-rv ck-clioii. tioiis of lailroatl. I'oi nine years Mr. C.lliiis 
 <.■>•;, to Miss I,\(lia worked ilia fancy dry K'""'^ ^t'"c '" t'''^ 'ily) •''"'' 
 ill IH.")2 lie liad saved chohkIi iiioney from lii.s 
 eariiiii).;stostartin business for 1i i nisei f. .Assoeiat- 
 iioinineiit Mason iiij^ liini.self witli a frieiirl, tlic linn of Kosenlieiin 
 (Is of sixty years X: Collins was formed, and for six years it eoii- 
 Lancister eoiinly, ducted ;i i.ros].eroiis l.nsiness. It was then di-.- 
 ■M\. lie is, how- solved, .ind Mr. Collins w.is ai-poinlcl, hy Mayor 
 •ser\alion, and is Daniel C. Taslor, re>;ister of w.itei i,il<s. II( 
 .ve.l llie ri^hi ni.ni in I he ri^dil phiee, ,ind 
 s re,i|i|)oiiited lis two snceessive iiia)<>rs, an 
 Iwnior to wliicli few 
 
 >1 h 
 
 'k'<' 
 
 having l.cen Ik 
 I'i-iinsvlv;iiiia, in the \ 
 ever, a man of exc.lh 
 very fre(|iientl\ niist.ak 
 ni.iii. His excellent ] 
 manner make him 
 coiis])iciioiis aiiionj^ 
 his co-workers, and 
 <liiriii>j liis lonj,' con- 
 nection wilhtliiseity 
 he has earne.l and 
 maintained the ri- 
 spect of all with 
 
 whom he lias come T ;,ji§ ¥«■ I 
 
 in contact, and more 
 especially of mem- 
 bers of the .Masonic 
 fraternity. 
 
 Ills early cdnca- 
 tioii was received in 
 country .schools in 
 
 -^^^^^^^^*^ ^^^^^-''^^^^^^^^^ 
 his first work ^^^^^^^^^ li^P" ^^^'"^-T^^^IH^^^^H 
 
 was ill a coiintr\- 
 drnj^ store, where lie 
 combined the f^fTiccs ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 and salesman, and K""'l .standing, and 
 generally sn peri n - ''^'"" ""'"'■ I'as kIvci. to tlie af- 
 tended the business. All tlie work which de- fairs of the orfler his most careful and con- 
 volved upon him was well carried out, but the spicuous attention, having; held a hir^e num- 
 utter absence of any prospect of advancement bcr of offices in it, and having; earned the 
 induced him to ^u we.st in search of a more reputation of beinjj exceptionally loyal, even 
 promising field of labor, althouj^h his friends anions such a traditionally loyal class as the 
 tried to di.ssuade him on account of tlie difficul- Masons. 
 
 ties in the way. He married, durinj{ the days of his compara- 
 
 Hence it was that just half a century aj,'o he tive poverty, a daughter of Captain Crab, u\ the 
 
 found himself in St. I^onis, after a tedious (nited States Marine Service, 
 
 jonrney from I'hiladelphia, which occiii)iefl .Mr. and Mrs. Collins have had seven diildren, 
 
 nearly three weeks, durinj^ which time he had of whom three are now livinij and beyond the 
 
 to ride on canal-boats and stages, and short sec- stage of childho<jfI. 
 
 lien have attained 
 n innni. ipal affairs. 
 Alioiit thirty years 
 luo Mr. Collins 
 nriicd his attention 
 
 ,. v., ,.,,.d was ap- 
 oinl.d a^^.iil for 
 ,.„.• u\ the lai-Kest 
 
 i.ntinent. Ilisbusi- 
 ess gradually iii- 
 reased, nnlil he is 
 ow the head of the 
 nil of Martin Coi- 
 ns, Son cS: Coni- 
 ;iii\-, which ranks 
 niong the most ini- 
 ort.int linns in the 
 
>36 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Pauly, Peter Joseph, son of Christian and 
 Catharine (Holtzhaner) Pauly, was born near 
 Coblentz on the Rhine, Germany, May 23, 1832. 
 He was educated in the Government free schools 
 until fourteen years of age, when his family came 
 to America, and located in St. Louis. In 1846, 
 the year the Pauly family settled on the banks 
 of the Mississippi, Peter was hired out at $3.00 
 a month to learn the trade of blacksmith, in 
 which his father was engaged. He assisted his 
 father in the shop until he was about sixteen, 
 when the family moved to Illinois, where Mr. 
 Pauly, vSr., combined agriculture and black- 
 smithing. His son accompanied him, but finding 
 little scope for himself in the country, returned 
 to St. Louis in 1849 and entered the foundry 
 and machine shop of Samuel Gatey to learn the 
 trade of machinist and ])lacksmith. He served 
 for two years, and then for another year with 
 Mr. Jno. T. Dowdall. His next position was in 
 the Missouri Pacific Machine Shops, just opened, 
 and after working for a year and a half he 
 secured a position in an extensive foundry, 
 where he was appointed foreman of the black- 
 smith shop. After holding this position for a 
 year he returned to Mr. fiatey, and for another 
 year took charge of his first fire. 
 
 In 18y(i Mr. Pauly, joined by his brother John, 
 established the business of P. J. Pauly & Brother, 
 steamboat blacksmiths. The firm continued in 
 this business until IJ^TO, when, owing to the de- 
 crease in the number of boats plying on the 
 Mississippi, the brothers made a specialty of 
 jail and prison building, Mr. Pauly securing 
 a number of very valuable patents and soon 
 becoming the greatest jail builder in the United 
 States, and probably in the world. 
 
 In 1877 Pauly Brothers found it necessary to 
 secure larger premises, and the factory occupy- 
 ing half a block was erected at 2215 South 
 DeKalb street. Business continued to grow in 
 a most satisfactory manner, and in 1885 the firm 
 was incorporated as the Pauly Jail Building and 
 Manufacturing Company, with a capital stock 
 of $150,000. Since the incorporation, the busi- 
 ness has grown even more rapidly than before, 
 and the company has erected jails in nearly 
 
 ever\- State in the I'uion, great satisfaction be- 
 ing expressed with all the work transacted. In 
 1889 Mr. Pauly retired from the active manage- 
 ment and took a trip to Europe, visiting the 
 scenes of his childhood and remaining for sev- 
 eral months on the banks of the Rhine. 
 
 Mr. Pauly is a member of several clubs, in- 
 cluding the Union of St. Louis. He is also a 
 prominent member of the Merchants' Exchange, 
 and president of the Commonwealth Casualty 
 Company of Missouri. He is also one of the 
 old fire laddies, having been a member of the 
 Company No. 4, of the Volunteer Firemen, and 
 being now a member of the \'eteran Firemen's 
 Historical Society. 
 
 Mr. Pauly is a Democrat in politics, and has 
 always taken an active interest in the welfare of 
 the party. In 1856 he canvassed the city for 
 the Buchanan ticket, with great success. He 
 has been a member of the Democratic Central 
 Committee on several occasions, but has always 
 refused to hold office or acce])t any remunera- 
 tion for political work. He has figured promi- 
 nenth' on the Democratic State Committee, and 
 was a member of that body when the great po- 
 litical change from radicalism to conservatism 
 was nrade, and he was also prominent in the 
 efforts wliich resulted in restoring the franchises 
 to 60,000 or 70,000 residents of the State. In 
 the same year, l'S70, lie was nominated for the 
 State Legislature, nuich against his will, but 
 having accepted the nomination, he worked so 
 zealou.sly that although the district had a 
 Republican majority of 750, he was easily 
 elected. 
 
 While in the Legislature he was influential 
 in securing the passage of a bill giving to 
 St. Louis Forest, O'Fallon and Carondelet 
 parks. 
 
 In 1873 he was specie collector for a short 
 period, and then retired finalh' from politics, 
 on account of the pressure of his business 
 affairs. 
 
 Mr. Pauly married October !', IS,'),",, :\Iiss 
 Catharine Halm, of St. Louis. Mr. and Mrs. 
 PauK' ha\c had six children, of whom four are 
 now living. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 537 
 
 McCrkkrv, Wav.man Crow, son of Phociau 
 R. McCreery and Mary Jane (Hynes) McCreery, 
 was born in St. Louis in the year 1 .Si)! . His father 
 wasborn in Kentucky, but had settled in St. Louis 
 eleven years previous to Waymau's birth , and had 
 gone into the dry goods business in partnership 
 with Mr. Wayman Crow, the firm being known 
 as Crow, McCreery &; Company. It did a very 
 large amount of profitable business, and Mr. 
 ]\IcCreery invested much of his share of the 
 profits in real estate. His name is connected 
 with some of the 
 best buildings in the 
 city, including the 
 building at the cor- 
 ner of Broadway and 
 Chestnut street, now 
 known as Hurst's 
 Hotel, which was 
 erected in 18H1, and 
 which was, at that 
 time, the finest build- 
 ing in the cit\'. 
 His enterprise prov- 
 ed a great stiuuilus 
 to the erection of 
 costly ofhce and puli- 
 lic buildings, and his 
 example was very 
 generally followed. 
 His mother, Mary 
 Jane McCreery, was 
 a daughter of Colo- 
 nel Andrew Hynes, 
 of Nashville, Ten- 
 nessee, who was a bosom 
 Andrew Jackson. 
 
 Young Wayman received his educational 
 training at the Washington University, where 
 he remained until he was eighteen years of age. 
 He was an apt and industrious pupil and made 
 rapid progress in his studies. On leaving the 
 Washington University he went to Racine, Wi.s- 
 cousin, where he received a thorough university 
 education, graduating with high honors in the 
 year 1X71. 
 
 Returning to the city of his birth and early 
 
 WAYMAN CROW McCREERV. 
 
 friend of General 
 
 days, he became connected with the dry goods 
 firm of Crow & McCreery, remaining with it for 
 three years. He then entered the real estate 
 business in partnership with Mr. James Towers, 
 the firm name being iMcCreery cS: Towers, with 
 offices at 705 Pine street. The firm continued 
 as thus constituted for a period of twel\-e years, 
 when Mr. Towers withdrew from the partner- 
 ship, and Mr. McCreery continued in business 
 alone, at 715 Chestnut street. There is no real 
 estate agent in the West more highly respected 
 or looked up to than 
 Mr. McCreery. He 
 has been appointed 
 sole agent for the 
 nuignificent Security 
 Ihiilding on Fourth 
 and Locust streets, 
 iu which his offices 
 are now located. His 
 principal work dur- 
 ing recent years has 
 been the manage- 
 ment and control of 
 large and valuable 
 estates, and he has 
 lieen uniquely suc- 
 cessful iu the plat- 
 ting out and develop- 
 ment of valuable 
 tracts of land. He was 
 i u practical control of 
 the Concordia tract 
 containing fourteen 
 acres, which he sub- 
 ;)1(1 at a very substantial profit for 
 He also negotiated the ninety-nine 
 f the corner of Tenth and Olive 
 the Bell Telephone 
 
 divided and 
 
 the owners. 
 
 years' lease 
 
 streets, now occupied by 
 
 Company, and he is practically the pioneer of 
 
 the long term system in this city. 
 
 Mr. McCreery is now consulted by large cap- 
 italists as to the best method of investing in 
 St. Louis realt>-, and is known as one of the 
 most impartial and conscrwative men in the 
 city. His advice is invariably accepted, and 
 his clients following it have almost invariably 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 made exceedingly handsome profits. Mr. Mc- 
 Creer}- is now a \ery wealthy man, but he is 
 kind and courteous to all, and may be regarded 
 as a type of the business men who have forced 
 St. Louis to the front and made it one of the 
 most important cities in the world, commer- 
 cially, socially and otherwise. He is a notary 
 public, and, although not in practice as an 
 attorney, is well read in real estate law. 
 
 Mr. McCreery is a member of the Legion of 
 Honor, and a very active worker in its behalf. 
 A great deal of his spare time is devoted to 
 music. He is the composer of the opera 
 " L'Afrique," which was produced at the Olym- 
 pic in 1880 with great success. He was also at 
 the head of the St. Louis Musical Union in con- 
 nection with Mr. Waldauer, and for upwards of 
 seventeen years he has been musical director 
 at Christ Church Cathedral, and he is also pres- 
 ident of the St. Louis Glee Club. :\Ir. :Mc- 
 Creer}- has always labored earnestly with a 
 view of elevating the music of the city. 
 
 He married in the year 1875 Miss Mary Louisa 
 Carr, daughter of Dabney Carr, and grand- 
 daughter of Judge Carr, so well known in East 
 St. Louis. They have four children — ^lary 
 Louisa, Christine, Wayman and Andrew. 
 
 SiMMOXS, Staxlf.v Wells, son of Charles 
 W. and Emily (White) Simmons, was born in 
 New York City, in 1845. Mr. C. W. Simmons 
 was a merchant in active business, and Stan- 
 ley's early days were spent at Yonkers andTar- 
 rytown, on the beautiful Hudson. His early 
 education was received at the Collegiate Insti- 
 tute at Yonkers and at the Paulding Listitute, 
 Tarrytown. At the age of seventeen he entered 
 upon his business career as clerk in a whole- 
 sale millinery house in New York Cit}-, where 
 he remained until 18(5(3, when, with his parents, 
 he removed to Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 Having now attained his majority he engaged 
 with his father in the wholesale millinerj- busi- 
 ness in their new home. At the expiration of 
 five years, in 1871, Mr. Simmons severed his 
 connection with his father and came to St. 
 Louis. He here accepted a position with the 
 
 wholesale millinery firm of Waters, Todd & Com- 
 pany. This firm underwent several changes, 
 and for some years previous to July 1, 1887, was 
 known as Pratt, Todd & Company. At this 
 time, Mr. Todd having died, Mr. Simmons be- 
 came associated with Mr. Pratt, and the firm 
 name was again changed to Pratt, Simmons & 
 Krausnick, with much of the active management 
 falling under ]\Ir. Simmons' care. 
 
 Mr. Simmons is looked upon as an expert by 
 members of the millinery trade. He is of good 
 family, his father having served as secretary of 
 the St. Louis Cotton Exchange and held several 
 other important positions, but being one of 
 twelve children, he had to a great extent to make 
 his own way in the world, and he has climbed 
 to the top of the ladder by combining tact and 
 industry to a niaked degree. During the last 
 fi\e years the volume of business transacted by 
 his firm has more than doubled, but there has 
 never been any confusion or anything in the way 
 of a rush. By adopting a good system and ad- 
 hering to it, Mr. Simmons has been able to map 
 out a very ambitious programme, and then to 
 set out and carry it to perfection in ever)- detail. 
 He is a very prominent citizen of St. Louis, al- 
 though of a somewhat retiring disposition. He 
 resides at Webster Groves, owning one of the 
 handsomest residences in that popular suburb. 
 He is a member of the Mercantile Club and of 
 other commercial associations. 
 
 Mr. Simmons was married in I8(jy to Miss 
 Rashil, of Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 Atwood, Johx C, son of Dr. LeGrand and 
 Mrs. E. J. Atwood, was born in the old Manna- 
 duke mansion near ^Marshall, Saline county, 
 Missouri, on June 3, 18(53. The Doctor is a na- 
 tive of Cowan, and had resided up to the time 
 of his marriage at Shelbyville, Tennessee. He 
 moved to St. Louis while John C. was a boy, 
 and it was in the public schools of St. Louis 
 county that the latter was educated. At the age 
 of sixteen he was nominated as a cadet mid- 
 shipman in the United States navy. He passed 
 the necessary examination at Annapolis, and 
 received his appointment as a cadet midship- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 539 
 
 man in Jiint-, ISSO, just as he attained his sev- 
 enteenth birthday. 
 
 He at once entered the ser\ice on l)oard the 
 United States steamship DaU\ and took a cruise 
 on that vessel. In September, 1880, he returned 
 to Annapolis and pursued his studies at that 
 point with a \-ie\v to securing a commission as 
 an officer in tlie United States navy. He con- 
 tinued studying until April, 1883, taking a sum- 
 mer cruise each year on the steamship Consfc/- 
 latinn. After further traveling he came back 
 to vSt. Louis, where 
 h e was appointed 
 clerk at the Lindell. 
 
 He next became 
 entry and bill clerk 
 for a large whole- 
 sale furniture and 
 carjict house, and 
 in Ma}-, l'S?>i), he 
 again bettered his 
 position by Ijecom- 
 ing ganger in the 
 United States Inter- 
 nal Revenue service. 
 Before he had held 
 this position for more 
 than a month lie was 
 promoted to deputy 
 collector of internal 
 revenue for the first 
 district of ^lissouri. 
 He demonstrated his 
 a])ility in this capac- 
 ity so rapidly that 
 
 four months later, when he was but twenty-two 
 )-ears of age, he was made chief deput\- col- 
 lector of internal revenue for the district, hav- 
 ing the honor of being the youngest collector 
 e\-er appointed. 
 
 While acting as deputy collector he studied 
 commercial law for a period of eighteen months 
 at the St. Louis Law School, and, retiring from 
 the internal revenue service in November, ISHU, 
 accepted a position as assistant manager of the 
 Xational Ammonia Company, which he still 
 holds. Mr. Atwood, while \oung in years, has 
 
 proved himself to 
 ness man, and is 
 the numerous 
 to his office. 
 
 l)e an exceedingly able busi- 
 fully competent to discharge 
 1 important duties which fall 
 
 i 
 
 Collins, Moxroe R., Jr., is a man whose 
 name is familiar to most St. Louisans. He was 
 born and reared in this city, and his family is a 
 conspicuous one, he being the grand-nephew of 
 Jesse and Peter Lindell, and one of the princi- 
 pal heirs of the vast estate of that wealthy 
 family. Especially 
 is ]\Ir. Collins well 
 j known in real estate 
 
 circles, not only on 
 account of the wide 
 extent of his deals in 
 that line, but also 
 because of the rare 
 business energy and 
 a 1) i 1 i t >■ he has 
 brought to bear on 
 the business. 
 
 He was born Feb- 
 ruary 8, 1854, and 
 received the finish- 
 ing courses of his 
 education at Wash- 
 ington L'uiversity. 
 On leaving school 
 he entered on a mer- 
 cantile career, be- 
 ginning as a clerk 
 in the wholesale gro- 
 cery house of J. D. 
 Wells & Company. In 187^1 he entered into a 
 partnership with Delos R. Haynes, and together 
 they embarked in the real estate business. This 
 arrangement continued up to 1884, when the 
 partnership was dissolved and he organized the 
 firm of which he is the present head. 
 
 He does a regular real estate business, rents, 
 buys, sells, collects, acts as agent for investors, 
 etc., and the hi.story of his transactions have 
 been marked by the large number of important 
 transfers he has closed and the number of big 
 foreign investors he represents here. Remark- 
 
 .MONkOH k. COLLINS, J«. 
 
o40 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ably sound judgment has characterized all his 
 moves in the real estate field, and to this is 
 doubtless due his conspicuous success. Mr. 
 Collins was induced by his friends several years 
 ago to become a candidate for the House of 
 Delegates. He was elected, and during his 
 incumbency made a most efficient and able 
 jiublic servant, acting as chairman of the ways 
 and means committee and as speaker /ro tevi. 
 Mr. Collins is a young man, and from what 
 he has already accomplished gives great promise 
 of rising to a high position in the commercial 
 world. 
 
 J.A.NNOi'OuU), Demetrius, Consul of Greece 
 at St. Ivouis, Ro}al fireek Commissioner at the 
 W^orld's Columbian E.xposition, and the most 
 ]:)rominent tent and awning manufacturer and 
 merchant in the United States, i.s a man with a 
 most interesting history. His discouragements 
 have been sufficiently numerous to have broken 
 the spirit of almost any man, but to him every 
 trouble has been an incentive to further exer- 
 tion, and as a result he has risen to a position 
 of eminence and wealth which entitles him to 
 the respect of the citizens of the country of his 
 adoption, as well as the subjects of the King of 
 (ireece, of which country Mr. Jannopoulo is a 
 native. 
 
 He was born in Thessaly, in Volo province, 
 at the foot of the historical Mount Pelion. His 
 father, Mr. John Jannopoulo, was one of the 
 organization known as the ' ' Friends of Greece, ' ' 
 and fought in the heroic struggle for liberty 
 against the Turks, some seventy years ago. 
 Although the struggle for liberty was in the end 
 successful, the province of Thessaly, in which 
 Mr. Jannopoulo resided, did not become a por- 
 tion of the kingdom of Greece until after his 
 death, so that he did not live to see the consum- 
 mation of his most devout wish. 
 
 Young Demetrius received a rudimentary edu- 
 cation in Thessaly, and then went to Smyrna, 
 Turkey, where he studied for a short time. He 
 came on to this country when a mere boy. 
 Landing in New York practically without funds, 
 he sought a position and obtained one in a mer- 
 
 cantile house, where he remained for about 
 eighteen months. He then returned to Europe, 
 rather as a visitor than otherwise, as he had 
 fully determined to make the United States his 
 permanent home. Connecting himself with a 
 large exporting house in the English metropo- 
 lis he traveled as a buyer for merchandise 
 shipped to Europe and Asia, and it was during 
 this time that he perfected himself in his educa- 
 tion and became the master of several different 
 languages, all of which he speaks fluently. 
 
 After a year and a half of this work the firm 
 with which he was identified closed up its busi- 
 ness, and Mr. Jannopoulo returned to this coun- 
 try. After a short sojourn in New York he 
 went on to Chicago, where he was overtaken by 
 the great fire, which consumed nearly all his 
 earthly possessions. 
 
 In November, 1^71, he came to St. I^onis, 
 and purchased a patent covering a heating ap- 
 paratus for buildings. He devoted his atten- 
 tion to this work for about a year and a half, 
 and then, finding insufficient scope for his 
 energy, he, in the year 1873, started in the tent 
 and awning business on a very small scale, on 
 Market street, near Main. His capital was 
 about three hundred dollars, and it was only his 
 indomitable push and energy which enabled 
 him to establish a business on such an insig- 
 nificant foundation. Before many years had 
 elapsed, however, he had the largest tent and 
 awning business in the country, and for some 
 years he has been absolutely at. the head of the 
 profession, no other city in the country being 
 able to compete with his house for large con- 
 tracts. Combining exceptional commercial tact 
 with unique inventive ability, Mr. Jannopoulo 
 has made the very best of his opportunities. 
 Twelve different patents on his own inventions 
 have proved remarkably successful, and he was 
 the first man in this line to introduce steam 
 power and the latest improvements, so as to 
 make it possible to manufacture tents on a whole- 
 sale scale. During the great railroad building 
 boom in the West and Southwest Mr. Janno- 
 poulo supplied thousands of tents for use b\' the 
 constructors, and he has also filled some excep- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 541 
 
 tionally large contracts for the United States 
 government. On the occasion of the Grand 
 Army of the Republic holding its encampment 
 at Colnmbns, he shipped ten car-loads of tents to 
 tliat town for the convenience of the old soldiers, 
 and to many other cities for snch occasions. 
 
 In liSSO the Market street premises being 
 entirely outgrown, Mr. Jannopoulo leased a 
 house on Chestnut street, and in the following 
 year purchased the house, as well as some ad- 
 joining property. On this land he built an 
 addition four stories high, and completed the 
 most complete and model tent and awning fac- 
 tory in the world. Ten years after he had 
 started in business with a nominal capital he 
 incorporated his concern, with a capital of a 
 hundred thousand dollars, retaining ninety-five 
 ]H>r cent of the stock, and being appointed 
 jMesidcnt of the compau}-. The Jannopoulo 
 Tent and Awning Company to-day is the largest 
 concern of its kind in the United States, and 
 its president also occupies the position of a dry 
 goods commission man. In I.SST Mr. Janno- 
 poulo contracted for the entire su])ply oi two 
 large duck nrills, of which no one could 
 purchase the product, except from him. In 
 l.S'id the cotton duck mill at West Point, 
 Oeorgia, sirspended in consequence of internal 
 difficulties. Mr. Jannopoulo hurried down 
 South, advanced the necessary money to reor- 
 ganize the company, reopened the works, and 
 was appointed president and treasurer. He 
 ran the mills for about two years, and then dis- 
 pi)sed of his interest. 
 
 In 1X84 r^Ir. Jannopoulo took a trip to Europe, 
 and on his return purchased a country residence 
 at Webster Groves. He immediately drew up 
 his own plans, superintended the construction 
 of the house, and laid out the grounds, consist- 
 ing of twenty-two acres, into a magnificent 
 ])ark and flower garden. He has expended 
 about .seventy thousand dollars on this work, 
 and his home is now the mo.st elegant in St. 
 Louis county. 
 
 AlK)ut two years ago Mr. Jannopoulo installed 
 as mistress in this palatial home .Miss Helen 
 Phiambolis, of Athens, Greece. The lady is 
 
 the daughter of the minister of the Greek ()r- 
 thodo.x Ciiurch in Chicago. On \-isitiug Clii- 
 cago Mr. Jannopoulo made the acquaintance of 
 Mr. Phiambolis" family, and, after a very short 
 engagement, made Miss Phiambolis his wife. 
 
 Among the marks of distinction which I\Ir. 
 Jannopoulo has won in the course of his event- 
 ful and honorable career may be mentioned the 
 Greek consulship at St. Louis, which was given 
 him about seven years ago, and also the decora- 
 tion of the Cro.ss of Chevalier of the Royal 
 Order of the Savior. This latter decoration is 
 the most distinguished within the gift of the 
 King, and it was given him in recognition of 
 services to the Greek nation and to Greeks 
 in America. He was also Royal (ireck Com- 
 missioner at the World's Fair, and had the sat- 
 isfaction of seeing the country of his birth carr\- 
 off fifty-six awards. 
 
 Locally, Mr. Jannopoulo is respected \ery 
 highly, and, although still in the prime of life, 
 has the satisfaction of knowing he has achieved 
 an enviable destiny and li\ed a most honoraljle 
 and u.seful life. 
 
 J.\COB.SOX, Hen'RV, M.I)., is a rising young 
 pliNsician whose talent and ability gives promis- 
 ing indications of what he will some day accom- 
 plish. He has i^assed his whole life in St. Louis, 
 and it will very likely be the scene of his future 
 and final jjrofessional triumphs. He is the son of 
 Simon and Ernestine (Bresler) Jacobson, and 
 was born in this city in 18()5, and is, therefore, 
 at this date ( 18St4) but twenty-nine years of 
 age. He received his primary education at the 
 common schools, finishing at Washington Uni- 
 versity, where he took the full course and grad- 
 luited at the age of eighteen. 
 
 Having previously determined to become a 
 physician, as his tastes all inclined that way, he 
 entered the ]Missouri Medical College, and after 
 a three-years' course graduated therefrom in 
 l<S.St) with high lionors. P'ollowing this grad- 
 uation he passed a competitive examination and 
 entered the City Hospital, where he remained 
 for a year as assi.stant physician. Here lie gave 
 the best of satisfaction. .\t the end of year 
 
542 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 left the City Hospital to take up similar position 
 ill the Female Hospital, where he likewise re- 
 mained a year, when he was appointed assistant 
 physician at the City Dispensary, remaining in 
 that place nntil May, 1892. It was here that 
 he made a most enviable reputation, dealing 
 with every variety of surgical and medical dis- 
 ease with which he came in contact with uni- 
 form courtesy, and treating the patients brought 
 to the dispensary with such skill that all were 
 convinced of his fitness for the office, as well as 
 his ability as a physician. Although he is 
 young in years, yet he is old in experience, the 
 v.iriou.s public positions he has held being well 
 adapted to giving the practice and experience 
 so necessary to the making of the skillful phy- 
 sician. 
 
 It might safely be said that he has had more 
 practical instruction in this way than could he 
 obtained in a score of years in the course of or- 
 dinary practice. He therefore has in his favor 
 youth, experience, energy and knowledge, and 
 it would be a surprise, indeed, did he not yet rise 
 to a high place in the profession. His learning 
 and ability have met with recognition from an- 
 other quarter than the field of regular and hos- 
 pital practice, and he is at present clinical pro- 
 fessor of genito-urinary and rectal diseases at 
 the College of Ph\'sicians and Surgeons, and 
 also at Women's Medical College; he is like- 
 wise attending surgeon and physician at Wom- 
 an's Hospital. He is also surgeon for several 
 in.surance companies, and being a believer in 
 the theory that men of every calling should 
 profit by the ideas of their fellow-men, he is ac- 
 cordingly a member of the St. Louis Citv" 
 Hospital Society and the St. Louis IMedical 
 Society. 
 
 Few physicians a score of years older than 
 Dr. Jacobson have had his experience and prac- 
 tice. His positions in public institutions have 
 given him great opportunities — and practice 
 is more than any other factor in medicine. Dr. 
 Jacol)son was married in l.SiK) to Miss Laura 
 Davis, an estimable and handsome young ladv 
 of St. Louis, graduate of St. Louis Public High 
 School. 
 
 B.^UDUv, Jkrome Keating, M.D., son of Dr. 
 Peter Bauduy and Amelia Keating, daughter of 
 John Keating, of Ca.stle Keating, Limerick 
 county, Ireland, who was most prominently 
 identified with the Irish Brigade, and after 
 removing to Philadelphia, was supposed to be 
 the last surviving officer of the celebrated Irish 
 Brigade, and the last who received the Cross of 
 Louis XVI. Jerome was born in 1840 in Cuba, 
 but came to this country with his parents when 
 but ten days old. They settled in Philadelphia, 
 where his father enjo}-ed a good practice in his 
 chosen profession. 
 
 His earl)- education was first obtained at 
 Georgetown College, where he prepared himself 
 for a more extensive course of study, and later 
 he went to Belgium, where he pursued a course 
 in classics for three years, subsequently finish- 
 ing his course at the University of Louvian, 
 graduating with distinguished honors and 
 obtaining the academic degree of Bachelor of 
 Philcsophy. Returningto Philadelphia in ISoit, 
 he began the study of medicine as private stu- 
 dent of Dr. -Vcosta, under whose instructions and 
 guidance he was prepared to enter the medical 
 department of the University of Pennsylvania, 
 attending one session, when he matriculated in 
 the Jefferson College of Medicine, of Phila- 
 delphia, where he completed a three-years' 
 course and graduated in l.S(;.'(. 
 
 The Doctor entered the .\rmy of the Potomac, 
 and was in the famous second battle of Bull Run. 
 He was transferred to the Army of the Cumber- 
 land and became attached to the staff of General 
 Rosecraus. During his army career in 18til 
 he was commissioned by President Abraham 
 Lincoln second lieutenant of the Fourth Regi- 
 ment Artillery, U. S. A. The Doctor resigned 
 his connection with the army to engage in the 
 practice of medicine. He turned his way to St. 
 Louis about the year \Mh. One of the first 
 positions the Doctor held in his new field of 
 labor was that of physician-in-chief to St. 
 Vincent's Hospital for the Insane. In this 
 institution the Doctor retained his position for 
 twenty-four years, made a success beyond the 
 most sanguine expectations of those associated 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 543 
 
 witli liiiu. He resigned the post of dut>' in 188!l. 
 The Doctor treated nearly 2,000 inebriate 
 patients, and rednced the mortality from seven- 
 teen per cent to eleven per cent. This marvel- 
 ous success was brought about by the Doctor 
 changing the treatment from the old theory of 
 administering opium, to the celebrated and 
 more recent treatment of Anstie, of London. 
 During the close of the year of the administra- 
 tion of the old vSl. Louis County Court the 
 Doctor was appointed visiting and consulting 
 p h y s i c i a n to the 
 t h e n S t . L o u i s 
 County Lunatic 
 Asylum, the present 
 City Insane Asylum, 
 which position he 
 held for one \ear and 
 resigned in conse- 
 q u e n c e of t h c 
 amount of time it 
 cousiuned, thereby 
 interfering with his 
 general practice. 
 He has held numer- 
 ous other public 
 positions for over 
 twenty years. 
 
 In ISTOthe Doctor 
 was elected to the 
 chair of professor of 
 diseases of the mind 
 and nervous system 
 in the College of o^. j. k 
 
 Physicians and Sur- 
 geons. In 1.H71 he was elected to the same 
 chair in the ^Missouri ?tledical College, and con- 
 tinues to hold same. 
 
 In bST'.t the Doctor delivered an address before 
 the St. Louis University when he had conferred 
 upon him the degree of LL.D. The tenor of 
 his discourse on this occasion was the study of 
 the "Cultivation of the Will-Power." The 
 Doctor has written quite extensi\ely, and besides 
 having contributed to nearly all the leading 
 medical magazines and journals, both in this 
 city and elsewhere, he published in 187(> a work 
 
 on "Nervous Diseases," and since, at the 
 repeated solicitations of his students and fellow- 
 practitioners, he has edited a more complete 
 work upon the same subject, having already 
 published the first volume of this, the second 
 edition; the second volume jiromises to complete 
 a work which will be tliorough and exhaustive 
 of the subject, iIk- whole the result of original 
 research and constant study. 
 
 In medico-legal matters the Doctor has figured 
 quite prominently and ver)- successfully. He 
 was very useful in 
 developing the sali- 
 ent points, and in- 
 strumental in event- 
 ually bringing about 
 proper decisions in 
 I lie celebrated Max 
 K 1 i n g e r case, of 
 1.S70, in which the 
 question of epilepsy 
 was extensively dis- 
 cussed, and likewise 
 has been identified 
 in all celebrated 
 cases in this and ad- 
 joining States. 
 
 The Doctor has 
 figured prominently 
 in all charitable 
 works and instilu- 
 lious, among wliich 
 ma\- be mentioned 
 „^^,„^,, his appointment as 
 
 l)hysician to the 
 \'isitation Academy, House of (iood Shepherd, 
 Female Orphan .Asylum, under the Sisters of 
 vSt. Joseph. The Doctor is a member of the St. 
 Joseph Obstetrical and Oymecological Society, 
 oi . which he was president in 1890, the 
 Medico-Chirnrgical Association of St. Louis, 
 tiie American Neurological Association, the 
 New York Medico-Legal Society, American 
 .Vssociation of INIedical Superintendents of 
 Insane Asylums, and a prominent member of the 
 (Irand Army of the Republic. 
 
 In April last the Doctor distinguished him- 
 
544 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 self in the annual address delivered before the 
 Alumni Association of the Jefferson Medical 
 College, of Philadelphia. The Doctor married, 
 in Nashville, Tennessee, Miss Caroline Bank- 
 head, daughter of General Bankhead, of the 
 United States Army, and related to army and 
 navy people generally. They have an interest- 
 ing family of eight children living, the oldest 
 of which is Dr. W. K. Bauduy, a young and 
 promising physician, now connected with the 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons — a professor 
 of neurology. The Doctor has seen the ins and 
 outs of a long practice, both successful and 
 lucrative, having practiced generally for almost 
 a quarter of a century. He has now established 
 a special practice of the diseases of the mind 
 and nervous system. 
 
 Hrppp;RT, William Emv.A.Ri). — One of the 
 acti\'e and successful citizens of the South Knd 
 of St. Louis, and one who is interested in a 
 great variety of enterprises, is the gentleman 
 above named, who is proud of the fact that his 
 success is wholly due to his own energ)- and 
 industry. The son of Jacob and Catherine 
 (Stoehr) Huppert, he was born at Bethalto, 
 Madison county, Illinois, November 2(3, 1S')!I, 
 and attended the schools of his native place 
 during his earlier childhood. When he was 
 eleven years old his parents moved to Carondelet, 
 and within a short time thereafter the son 
 entered Jones' Commercial College, of this city, 
 taking the full course within the short space of 
 four months. His father had in the meantime 
 gone into business in Carondelet, and after 
 leaving school the son assisted him for about 
 five years. After leaving his father he worked 
 for a short time for John Krauss of this city, and 
 for a few months at Terre Haute, Indiana, and 
 then returning to St. Louis engaged himself as 
 book-keeper to F. Ganahl, the lumberman, wath 
 whom he remained about a year, and then 
 accepted a position with the Klausmann Brewery 
 Company. For this company he was clerk and 
 book-keeper and assistant secretary successively, 
 and on the death of Secretary Rathgeber was 
 elected to his place, holding it until the brewery 
 
 was absorbed by the syndicate in 18cS!i, when he 
 was transferred to the Klausman Brewery branch 
 as chief clerk and cashier. The place which he 
 yet holds is a very responsible one, being next 
 in importance to that of general manager, a 
 position he has often filled in the absence of that 
 ofTicer. Yet the brewery is by no means the 
 only interest that occupies Air. Huppert's 
 attention. He is a most public-spirited citizen, 
 and has proved his local pride and iDatriotism 
 b)- lending his time and investing his money in 
 a great many Carondelet enterprises. One of the 
 organizers and incorporators of the Carondelet 
 Milling Company was Mr. Huppert, and he is 
 now one of its directors and its secretary. He 
 is also secretary of the Krauss Improvement and 
 Investment Company, of which he was also one 
 of the incorporators, holding a one-fourth inter- 
 est. He did active work in the organization of 
 the Southern Commercial Savings Bank, and is 
 a director and its assistant cashier. Besides he 
 is a director of the South End Building and 
 Loan Association; is secretary of the board of 
 directors of the Carondelet Germania Gymnastic 
 Society; is a Royal Arch Mason and a Knight 
 of Pythias. By industry and perseverance he 
 has forced his way to the front, but attributes 
 much of his success in life to his excellent wife, 
 whom as Miss Anna K. Leiss, of St. Louis, he 
 married January 11, 1881. 
 
 Lange, Alexander P. — Alexander P. Lange, 
 the prosperous manufacturer, and secretary of 
 the Lange Fence and Wire Company, was born 
 in this city and has spent his whole life here. 
 June 1, 18(iH, was the day on which he first .saw 
 the light, and it will thus be seen that he is still 
 in his youth. He was given a good education 
 by his parents, attending the common schools 
 of the city. Smith's Academy and the St. Louis 
 High School. This was followed by the full 
 courses at the St. Louis Manual Training 
 School, from which he graduated with a fund of 
 knowledge that has proved of exceptional utility 
 to him in his business relations. After the com- 
 pletion of his education, feeling that he had a 
 taste for commercial pursuits he entered the 
 
/.'A ^CRAPIflCAL APJ'ICNPIX. 
 
 54S 
 
 i.-mplo\- of llu- Lu(lli)\v-,Sa\lor \\\\x- C<iin])aii\-. 
 Aflt-r a term of two \ears had hctu spent in the 
 service of tliis company, inihicements were 
 offered liim 1)\- the Freeman Wire Com])any, 
 and he, lieini;- aml)itions and e\cr-alert for 
 ad\ancement, accepted. This position lie held 
 three )-ears, diirintj that time saving every siir- 
 jilus cent of his wages, and applying his whole 
 energy to learning thoronglily every detail of 
 the process of wire mannfacture. vSo success- 
 ful Iv did he apply himself to these ends, that 
 he was" enabled to resign his position and enter 
 business forhimself at theend of thejicriod above 
 named. Throngh his industry and efft)rt the 
 Lange Fence and Wire Comi)any was t)rganized, 
 and in April, ISilt), opened for business with 
 oflfices on Franklin avenue. The business is 
 incorporated under the laws of Missouri, with a 
 cajiital of >;l(),(l()(), with William B. Lauge, 
 president, and Alexander 1'. lyange, secretary. 
 The company engages in a general manufactur- 
 ing business, its principal (lutput being wire 
 fences, elevator inclosni-es, scroll work, bank 
 railings, window guards, etc., and it is largely 
 throngh the technical knowledge of Air. .Alex- 
 ander P. I.ange that the business has been 
 administered so successfully. He is a young 
 man of remarkable energy, which, united with 
 good judgment and natural business capacitx', 
 augurs that he will attain a high success in the 
 commercial world if the usual span of life is 
 allowed him. 
 
 Lri'.llKMANX, ClIAKI.H.S F. , SOU of Henry H. 
 and .Mar\- ( Me^■er ) Luehrmann, was liorn at 
 West Oldendorff, (knmany, March IC, bs;'.-"'. 
 lie came to this country with his parents when 
 under three years of age, and the\- settled in 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, where he attended the ])nl>lic 
 schools until twelve years of age, when he was 
 aiijireuticed to a carpenter to learn that busi- 
 ness. He ser\-ed for three \ ears, and when se\- 
 enteen years of age moved to .St. Louis, where 
 he obtained employment as a journeyman. 
 
 At the outbreak of the war he enlisted as a 
 volunteer on the ninety-days' call in the b'onrth 
 Missouri Infantry Regiment, and at the expira- 
 
 tion of the ninet\- days he received a couunission 
 as captain in the Ivlexenth Regiment, Comi)an\- 
 G, Mis.souri Infantry. On being nnistered out 
 he returned to his trade as carpenter. 
 
 .After working a short time at the bench and 
 comi^leting his education in this line, he decided 
 to enter into business for him.self, and joining 
 an elder brother started a planing mill. The\ 
 continued in partnership for eleven years, dur- 
 ing which time the establishuu-nl was burned 
 out, incurring a loss of s IK, (ion. Xothing 
 daunted by this calamitx' Mr. Luehrmann started 
 afresh, and bv dint of untiring energy and most 
 careful economy he was soon able to get himself 
 again in a sound financial condition, and to 
 liquidate every obligation which existed at the 
 time of the fire. 
 
 This high-spirited aiul vigorous man ])ro- 
 ceeded to build a new mill of double capacitN'. 
 Aided b\- the \ery best machinery that money 
 could inu'chase, an enormous amount of work 
 was turned out, and from the commencement 
 nothing but the highest class of goods were 
 produced. Mr. Luehrmann continued in busi- 
 ness until I'STi), when he sold out, and since that 
 time he has confined his attention exclusively 
 to the lumber business. 
 
 For about thirteen years after the date named 
 he was in the commission business, building up 
 one of the largest trades the West has ever seen, 
 and he then opened a hardwood lumberyard on 
 Carroll and Kosciusko streets, near the Iron 
 Mountain freight depot, where he is still in 
 business. 
 
 He has established a i-ei)ntation for first- 
 class work as well as for integrity which makes 
 him at once the eiuy of his ri\als, and he has 
 no dilTicult\- in securing as much business as 
 even his enormous establishment can easily 
 attend to. 
 
 Mr. Luebrmaun married, in the year ls;)(;. 
 Miss Louise Kurtz, of St. Louis, and had two 
 children, both daughters. His wife died in 
 IS(U, and he subsequently married Miss Mary 
 Welker, of this city. By his second marriage 
 he has had a famih- of six — all boys— three of 
 whom died in intancv. 
 
54fi 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 IMansur, Alvah, was born in Lowell, Mass- 
 achusetts, December .'), l.s;5;5. His father, also 
 named Alvah Mansur, came from the little town 
 of Wilton, in the hills of New Hampshire, where 
 his ancestors had lived since early colonial days. 
 He came to Lowell early in its history, attracted 
 thither by the prospect of the upbuilding of a 
 flourishing manufacturing center, by reason of 
 its great natural water power, then being im- 
 proved. Here he engaged in the manufacture 
 of woolens, and became prominent in many 
 enterprises in the early life of the city. 
 
 Elizabeth Wood, the mother of the subject of 
 this sketch, was a native of Massachusetts, and 
 her family also for several generations had lived 
 in that state. The present Alvah Mansur was 
 educated in the public schools of Lowell, and 
 fitted for Harvard University at Phillips' Acad- 
 emv, .\ndover, Massachusetts, under Samuel H. 
 Tavlor, but never entered, preferring to engage 
 at once in the active business of life. 
 
 Believing that the largest commercial center 
 contained the largest commercial prizes, he left 
 his native cit}' and accepted a clerkship in a 
 wholesale importing hardware house in New 
 York city, where he served for three years, when, 
 catching the western fever, he migrated to Illi- 
 nois, embarking in the hardware business at 
 Moline. Here he continued until IHJil, when 
 somewhat bruised from the general shakingupby 
 the great financial disaster of 1857, and still fol- 
 lowing Horace Greeley's advice, he again started 
 westward, crossing the plains (now the states of 
 Kansas, Nebraska and Wyoming) by team, to the 
 so-called Pike's Peak country in search of gold. 
 Returning to Moline the same year with nothing 
 gained save, perhaps, something in experience, 
 he entered the employ of John Deere, the pio- 
 neer plow manufacturer of the West. 
 
 In this employment he continued until the 
 outbreak of the rebellion, when he assisted in 
 raising a company of men in response to Presi- 
 dent Lincoln's first call for three-months' troops. 
 So many more tendered their services than were 
 called for that all were not accepted, and his 
 company was among the latter. Under the sec- 
 ond call "for three years, unless sooner dis- 
 
 charged," however, he entered the service with 
 his company, the Nineteenth Illinois Infantry, 
 and followed the fortunes of the .\rmy of the Cum- 
 berland for nearly three years. At the close of 
 the war he spent four years in the then territory 
 of Colorado, engaged in quartz mining and mill- 
 ing, with a fair measure of success. 
 
 In IHHit, forming a copartnership with his old 
 employer, he opened an agricultural im])lement 
 house in Kansas City, Missouri, under the name 
 of Deere, Mansur & Company. In l.'>74 he opened 
 a similar house in St. Louis, and under the same 
 name, but having an additional associate in the 
 person of his brother-in-law, IMr. L. B. Tebbetts. 
 These two houses he continued to run until l-SiK), 
 when he sold his interest in the Kansas City 
 house, at same time buying Mr. Deere's inter- 
 est in the St. Louis business. Then was organ- 
 ized the Mansur & Tebbetts Implement Com- 
 pany, which still continues, with Mr. Mansur as 
 its president. In the year 187(i, together with 
 Mr. Charles H. Deere, at Moline, Illinois, he 
 commenced the manufacture of agricultural im- 
 ]5lements, under the corporate name of Deere 
 (S: Mansur Company, which still continues, 
 with Mr. Mansur as vice-president and a large 
 owner. He is president of the Forest Park 
 Improvement .\ssociation, which company gave 
 to St. Louis the beautiful semi-suburban re- 
 treat which includes Westmoreland and Port- 
 land places. 
 
 He is an acti\e director in the .\nierican Kx- 
 change P>ank, in the St. Louis Trust Comjjany, 
 the Crystal Plate Cilass Company, and the St. 
 Louis Pair Association. He is also an active 
 member of the Commercial Club, and its vice- 
 president. His other clubs are the St. Louis 
 and the Noonday. 
 
 Mr. Mansur has shown an intelligent interest 
 in e\-ery movement for the betterment of St. 
 Louis during the last quarter of a century. His 
 standing in commercial and financial circles is 
 very high, and he is one of the reliable, con- 
 servative, and at the same time enterprising, 
 men who have helped to give to St. Louis in- 
 stitutions their deservedly high reputation in all 
 j)arts of the country. 
 
--^^:^^-^ .^/^ 
 
BIOGRAPIIICAI. APPENDIX. 
 
 54; 
 
 Allkx, En.Mrxi) Thompsox, is <iiie of tla- 
 most successful lawyers in the West, and his 
 reputation as a corporation attorney isexception- 
 allN' hio;h. Like many other men who achieved 
 great success, he graduated from the newspaper 
 
 ]irogress when lie devotcf 
 practice of the law, and 1 
 pointed land commissioner, 
 the war he ])racticed alon 
 then enteied into i)artnersl 
 
 entire tune to 
 ■as sjiecdih' ap- 
 niiK-diately after 
 
 St. l,ouis, and 
 rt-illi Mr. James 
 
 ranks. For several years he was 
 
 a short-hand 
 
 K. Knight, wIk 
 
 reporter on the vSt. Louis papers. 
 
 .\t that lime 
 
 of the' Circuit C 
 
 short-hand writers were less nun 
 
 K-rous oil the 
 
 several vears Ik 
 
 ])ress than they are now, and A 
 
 r. .\llen was 
 
 F:dgar L. Maisl, 
 
 much appreciated, for his rapid 
 
 stenographic 
 
 York Citv. Oi 
 
 work. For a year or two after the war he was 
 
 Allen >S: ALirsto 
 
 associated with Mr. 
 
 
 
 L. L. Walbridge in 
 
 
 
 
 short-hand work in 
 
 
 
 
 the civil courts of 
 St. Louis. He thus 
 
 
 .^" 
 
 
 acquired an iiisi^lu 
 
 
 
 
 into ^Missouri jirac- 
 
 
 
 
 tice which, po.ssil)l\, 
 
 
 W^"^ 
 
 could not have been 
 
 
 Pr * 
 
 ^^ .. 
 
 better ol)taiued i u 
 
 
 1: 
 
 
 aii\- other wa\-, aii<l 
 
 
 
 when he resumetl 
 
 
 
 
 the practice of his 
 
 
 
 
 ]n'ofession, he did so 
 
 
 , ; 
 
 with main- ach'auta- 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^^||g|gg| 
 
 t 
 
 ges in his fa\or. 
 
 M 
 
 ■^^^ 
 
 •r 
 
 Mr. Allen is alK.ut 
 
 
 
 
 fifty-eight years of 
 
 
 
 
 age,lia\-iiigl)eeiiborii 
 
 
 
 
 iuFairhaven, Massa- 
 
 
 
 
 chusetts, August 10, 
 
 
 
 
 l-'^ot). His parents, 
 -Mr. Kdmuiid a 11 d 
 Mrs. Sarah R. ( Free- 
 
 
 
 
 
 III).-\LNI) THOIPSON ALLEN. 
 
 man ) Allen, jdaced him in the W 
 
 llistou Semi- 
 
 egraph Compan 
 
 nar\- after he had recei\ 
 
 ed the 
 
 rudimeuts of 
 
 the Harrison W'l 
 
 1 was subsequently elected clerk 
 )urt. .\fter practicing alone for 
 ' formed a paTtnership with .Mr. 
 )ii, who is now a banker in New 
 the dissolution of the firm of 
 1, the remaining member took 
 into the firm his 
 
 education in the public schools and 111 the 
 I'"riends Academy at New Bedford. 
 
 F'rom tlie celebrated East Hampton seat of 
 learning he entered Yale and graduated in the 
 class of IS.'m. After obtaining his degree he 
 was admitted to the bar at New Bedford, Ma.ssa- 
 cliusetts, and there entered into general i)ractice. 
 He came to St. Louis in August, l<Sli;-5. 
 
 Of his success as a .stenographer, we have al- 
 ready si)okeu. He was equally rapid in liis 
 
 dr. Clifford B. 
 , who gradu- 
 froiu Vale in 
 
 jnacnce e\er since. 
 Mr. .Mien has acted 
 as altorue\-, director 
 and secretary of the 
 CvNstal Plate Glass 
 Company , as director 
 of the South St. Louis 
 Iron Company, and 
 president of I li e 
 ISrusli l-;k-ctric Light 
 .\ssociation, the first 
 comi)aii\- to intro- 
 duce electric light- 
 ing into this cit\'. 
 He has also served 
 as attorne\- for the 
 Wesleni I'liion Tcl- 
 Mounlain Compaiu', 
 Chouteau, Har- 
 (1 the b'armers' 
 
 th 
 
 Coiii]>; 
 rison ,S: \'alle Iron Coiiii 
 Loan and Trust Comi)aiiy. 
 
 .Vfter his appointment by the I'liiled States Cir- 
 cuit Court as special master in chancer}- in the 
 Wabash Railroad foreclosure proceedings, he de- 
 voted a large part of his time to the important ques- 
 tions which arose in that case, the determination 
 of which occupied between four and five years. 
 
 While exceedingly attached to his profession, 
 Mr. .VUen has been interested in scientific studies 
 
548 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 and is a member of tlie St. Louis Academy of 
 Science. He has been president of tlie .St. 
 Louis Bar Association, and of tlie St. Louis 
 Civil Service Reform Association. 
 
 In 1863, four j-ears after his admission to the 
 bar, Mr. Allen married Miss Sylvia T. Kowen, 
 of Fairhaven, Massachusetts. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Allen have three children, Clif- 
 ford B., to whom reference has already been 
 made, Kdniund and .Anna M., who is now 
 the wife of Dr. L. T. Stevens, of this city. 
 
 Mersman, Otto 
 L., a member of the 
 firm of Nelson. iS: 
 Mersman, is a highly 
 educated young pro- 
 fessional man who, 
 after an extensive 
 tour through Europe 
 and a brief connec- 
 tion withcominercial 
 life, identified him- 
 self with the real es- 
 tate interests of this 
 city, and has easih- 
 demonstrated the 
 fact that he is well 
 adapted for the pro- 
 fession of his choice. 
 The firm of Nelson 
 & Mersman has not 
 been connected with 
 any sensational boom 
 movements. It is oi ki i 
 
 rather regarded as a 
 
 conservative and reliable house, and the inter- 
 ests entrusted to its care are very large. 
 
 Mr. Mersman is about thirty years of age, 
 having been born in St. Louis, September 18, 
 18<>4. His parents were Joseph J. and Claudine 
 C. (Crusbar) Mersman. After a preliminary 
 educational training he entered Washington 
 University, whence he graduated with honors 
 at the age of twenty. He became connected with 
 the Pacific Oil Company, of which he was presi- 
 dent, when, in 1.S8S), it was absorbed by the 
 Standard ()il C>nniian\-. 
 
 Mr. Mersman then entered into partnership 
 with Mr. William P. Nelson, who for about fif- 
 teen \ears had been conducting business under 
 the style of W. P. Nelson & Company, and 
 Gray & Nelson. Aluch of the hard active work 
 of the business has fallen to the \'ounger mem- 
 ber, who enjoys the confidence of a large num- 
 ber of in\-estors and property holders. Natu- 
 rally refined and intelligent, Mr. Mersman has 
 the entree into the best society circles of the 
 city. He is a member of the Mercantile, Noon- 
 day, St. Louis and 
 Jockey cluljs, and 
 takes an intelligent 
 interest in local en- 
 terprises of every 
 character. He is 
 also secretar\' of the 
 St. Louis Country 
 Polo Club, and is 
 quite an expert polo 
 player. He is a di- 
 rector in the Impe- 
 rial liuilding Ciiui- 
 pan\ , which owns 
 the I'nion Trust 
 Building, the finest 
 office building in the 
 cit\-, and also a di- 
 rector in the Mer- 
 chants N a t i o n a 1 
 Bank. 
 
 :^^^ In October, 1S77, 
 
 ii.i_,,,^,^^ he married Miss 
 
 Mary vScudder, the 
 daughter of Mr. John A. Scudder, of St. lA)uis. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Mersman lia\-e three children, 
 Scudder, Isabel and Otto L. The family re- 
 sides in a very handsome residence. No. 71 
 \'andeventer place. 
 
 Mr. Mersman has had the ad\antage of an 
 European tour. Before starting in commercial 
 life he spent a \ear in the principal capitals of 
 the old world, and gained valuable ideas and 
 experience, of which he has since made full 
 use in his successful business and professional 
 career. 
 
BIOCRAPHICAI. APPENPIX. 
 
 549 
 
 JoHXSox, Mosi.-.s I'., was Ix.ni in Ilnl.l.avd- 
 sloii, MassacluiSL-tt-s, Alaich i', l.s.j-i. Mis latlitT, 
 David L. Johnson, was a leading citizen of the 
 place, though a man of moderate circumstances. 
 His mother's maiden name was Lois Wilbur. 
 Her family is one of the best known in Massa- 
 chusetts. Its founder came from Kngland in 
 the latter part of the seventeenth century, among 
 the earliest settlers of the state, and the family 
 has been conspicuous in its history ever since, 
 and its members are among the wealthiest peo- 
 ple in lioston. 
 
 Mr. Johnson was 
 educated in the pub- 
 lic schools and be- 
 came clerk in a coun- 
 try store when about 
 fifteen years old. At 
 the end of two years , 
 he was offered the 
 uuiuagement of the 
 business. He had, 
 however, caught the 
 western fever. He 
 declined the offer, 
 came west, reaching 
 .St. Lmiis in Febru- 
 ary, 1.S7I. He se- 
 cured a place in the 
 
 ^c C.regory, on Main 
 street, as stock clerk. 
 He remained in this 
 capacity long 
 enough tothoroughl\' k 
 started out to sell good 
 
 chuK-ry business. I 'pen tlu- death of Mr. Robert, 
 in l.S.sr., Mr. Johnson bought out the interest of 
 his estate and shortly after incorporated the 
 business under its ])reseut name, the Moses P. 
 Johnson .Machinery Com])auy, of wliich l)usi- 
 ness he is chief owner and numager. 
 
 He was married in l-STT, to Miss Marv Petti- 
 grew, a dangliterof one of ,Sl. Louis' oldest citi- 
 zens. This unit)n has been ble.ssed with a large 
 famil\- of interesting children. The familv now 
 li\es on Plymouth avenue, in a roomy mansion, 
 which, with its spa- 
 
 cious 
 
 (Is 
 
 ontljuildings, repre- 
 sents in part the sub- 
 stantial success of 
 his career. 
 
 .Mr. Johnson is a 
 Repul)lican, and al- 
 though not a politi- 
 cian, is always ready 
 to do his part in the 
 ])erformance of jMib- 
 licdulies. Heisjusl 
 l)ast fort\-, but looks 
 much younger; of 
 slight, but rather 
 delicate build, his 
 face still retaining 
 its l.)o\ish fresliness. 
 His ai)])earai)ce 
 liardK indicates the 
 
 MO.SKS p. JOHNSON. 
 
 lehusiues.-., andtneu 
 traveling salesman. 
 He was given a territory in the .southwest which 
 lay largely off therailroad, and his trips were gen- 
 erally much by wagon. He succeeded in build- 
 ing up a large and profitable trade for his hou.se 
 through a countrv which had been considered 
 almost be\ond reach. 
 
 He remained with the same firm until l^i'^O, 
 when, after a successful and profitable career as 
 drv goods salesman, he formed a partner- 
 ship witli William ,S. Robert, in the ma- 
 
 >f w: 
 
 ^ful bus 
 ends, w 
 le nuini 
 
 which 
 him at tl 
 iness. He 
 lom he ha> 
 ler. 
 
 iced 
 .)f a 
 irge 
 
 T.wi.oK, I).\.\ii:i. S. — This young 'out very 
 successful attornex- is a vSt. I.,ouisan in e\er\- 
 sense of the word. Xot only was he born in 
 this cilv, but his father was twice cit\- treasurer, 
 and also occupied the position of mayor with 
 marked ability. In the days when the river 
 trade was at its height, Mr. Daniel S. Taylor, 
 .Sr., was a ])rominent steamboat man with nincli 
 
550 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 influence among the river fraternity. Mrs. 
 Taylor was formerly Miss Emily Le Beau, a 
 member of one of the oldest French families of 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Mr. Taylor was born April 23, 18(i.s, and is 
 hence not yet twenty-seven years of age. His 
 parents being desirous of giving him a first- 
 class education, sent him to the Notre Dame 
 University at South Bend, Indiana, where he 
 took a scientific course and graduated in 1.SS4. 
 Continuing his education, he spent .several years 
 on a protracted tour throughout tlie United 
 States, remaining for a considerable period in 
 California. 
 
 In IHiK) he returned to St. Louis and entered 
 the Law School, where he graduated in DSiU. 
 He immediately established himself in general 
 practice and has now § large clientage. Al- 
 though a Democrat In- conviction, and taking a 
 lively interest in legislation, .Mr. Taylor is not 
 a politician, preferring to devote his entire ener- 
 gies to his profession, and believing that law 
 and politics cannot successfully run hand in 
 hand. He is a member of the Noonday, ]Mer- 
 cantile. University and Jockey clubs, and is a 
 very popular man in commercial and legal 
 circles. 
 
 On December 9, ISiil, Mr. Taylor married 
 Miss Emma Whitelaw, daughter of Mr. (yeorge 
 T. Whitelaw, of this city. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Taylor have one child. 
 
 IjOOTh, Daviij S., was born in Enter])rise, 
 McDonald county, Missouri, on April l>, 1 >>(>;). 
 His father, David S. Booth, Sr., was from good 
 old Quaker stock, his early ancestors having 
 come to this country in company with William 
 Penn. He was born in Philadelphia. Pennsyl- 
 vania, where his father was a practicing physi- 
 cian of prominence, but in his early years he 
 came west and located in Southwest Missouri. 
 
 His mother was Miss Cyntliia (rrounds, whose 
 parents were Pennsylvania Dutcli, but came 
 west and settled near Eredericktown, Missouri. 
 
 Young Booth received his early education at 
 the High vSchool at Sparta, Illinois, whither 
 his father moved when he was but a vear old. 
 
 Having pursued a classical course, he graduated 
 with high honors in June, 1882. He pursued 
 the post-graduate course, preparatory to enter- 
 ing the Southern Illinois Normal University, 
 where he completed his literary education. 
 
 Dr. Booth early manifested a desire for the 
 study of medicine, and in 1883 he attended 
 lectures at the St. Louis ^Medical College, where 
 he graduated in 188(), the latter tweh'e months 
 of wliich time he spent in the office, as a private 
 pupil, of Dr. H. H. Mudd. He immediately 
 went to Palestine, Texas, having accepted the 
 position of assistant house physician and phar- 
 macist of the International and Great Northern 
 Railway Hospital, a part of tlie ilissouri Pacific 
 Railway Hospital system. He held this position 
 until the latter part of 188(i, when he was trans- 
 ferred to the Missouri Pacific Railway Hospital at 
 St. Louis, Missouri. In 1887 he was appointed 
 surgeou-in-charge of the Palestine, Texas, Hos- 
 pital. Early in 1888 the International & 
 Great Northern Railway went into the hands of 
 receivers, and for several months he was acting 
 chief surgeon of that railway, and after tlie 
 nominal appointment of a chief surgeon, a posi- 
 tion to which he was ineligible on account of 
 his youth, he was retained as surgeon-in-cliarge, 
 with a salary in excess of any other ofhcer in 
 the hospital department, resigning Ajn-jl 1. 
 18851. 
 
 He located in Webster (irnxes, Missouri, but 
 remained only tliree months, when he moved 
 witli his father to Belleville, Illinois, where lie 
 practiced for more than a year. In April, LsiH, 
 he became assistant to Dr. Charles H. Hughes, 
 with whom he is still associated, though finding 
 time to attend to a growing private practice. He 
 is consulting physician to the Missouri Pacific 
 Railway Hospital department, and was clin- 
 ical instructor of neurology, psychiatry- and 
 neuro-therapy in the Marion-Sims Medical Col- 
 lege until 1>^!'2, when he resigned to become 
 identified with the Barnes Medical College in 
 the same capacity-. He is a member of the Na- 
 tional Association of Railway Surgeons, and of 
 the ^lississippi Valley Medical Association. He 
 is associated editoriallv with tlie Alienist and 
 
RTOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 551 
 
 Xciiro/(\o;/s/, of wliich 1il- is liusiness inaiias^t-v. 
 Dr. Booth nianied, June .'iO, l.s;i2, Miss 
 Basniath Ariadne, dano;hter of Dr. Wasliinj^ton 
 West, of Belleville, Illinois. 
 
 H.wcK, EuGEXK P., is a native of St. Louis, 
 where he was born on October 1:^, l.*<.")i), his 
 parents being Charles F. and Antonie Hauck. 
 Dr. Hauck received his education in his nati\c 
 cit\-, and his first entry into business was in 
 the dru.y; line in 1^74. He soon yearned for the 
 wider field of medi- 
 cine, and educated 
 himself for his pro- 
 fession, which lias 
 recei\-ed his undi- 
 \i(lecl attention ever 
 since. He has been 
 practicing medicine 
 since ISSd. His 
 father, the late Dr. 
 Charles F. Hauck, 
 was a very prominent 
 ph\sician who came 
 to .St. Louis in 1S47 
 and died in LS^'i. 
 
 The doctor natu- 
 rally took his father's 
 ])lace, and tt)-day he 
 has a very e.\teiisi\e 
 family practice, de- 
 \oting considerable 
 attention to obstet- I 
 
 rics, gvnrecologvand 
 
 ^- , , .''- llqem: 
 
 diseases of children. 
 
 Dr. Hauck is a member of the St. Louis .Med- 
 ical vSociety, the .Medico-Chirurgical Society, 
 .American Medical Society, and Mississippi \'al- 
 le\- Medical Association. He was at one time 
 chief physician for the treatment of diseases of 
 children at the South Side Dispensary. When 
 first starting out in practice he was for along time 
 first assistant ph\-sician and surgeon at the Cit\' 
 Hospital, and later held the same position at the 
 Female Hospital. 
 
 The Doctor was formerly a director of the 
 Gennania Club, and one of its leading members 
 
 lor fifteen \ears. He is now a member of the 
 Liederkranz, the I'nioii Club, a director and 
 examining physician of the (ierman Mutual 
 Life Insurance Company. 
 
 Dr. Hauck was married to Miss Tony Metz, 
 of Omaha, Nebraska, on .May lH, bS.SS. His 
 wife is the daughter of Hon. Fred. ]\Ietz, the 
 well-known brewer and president of the Germ.in 
 National Bank of that city. The Doctor has 
 his office in his residence at the southeast cor- 
 ner of Jefferson avenue and Whittemore ])lace. 
 
 T.\l S.src,, (iEOKGH 
 
 W. — .\inong the tal- 
 ented members of 
 the local bar, .Mr. 
 George W. Taussig 
 occupies a promi- 
 nent i)ositioii. He 
 has been practicing 
 as an attorney for 
 about twenty-two 
 years, and during 
 that time he has 
 made for him.self a 
 large circle of friends 
 as well as built up a 
 Incratixe and exten- 
 si\e practice. Nat- 
 urally adapted for 
 the legal profession, 
 he has taken a per- 
 sonal delight in the 
 study of law and is 
 thoroughly posted 
 on all ]ioiiits and in 
 islatioii. Mr. Taiissie 
 
 (ALCK. 
 
 fed 
 
 all state 
 
 was born in this cit\- on Independence Da)-, 
 
 1S.'>1. His father was Mr. Charles T. Taussig, 
 
 a native of .\iistria, who was engaged for 
 
 some years in this city as a merchant. His 
 
 mother was, prior to her marriage. Miss Annie 
 
 Abeles. 
 
 Ha\ing decided to adopt the legal profession 
 he iininediately entered the Law School. He 
 was admitted to the bar in 1X72, and practiced 
 alone for several years. During the present 
 vear he has as.sociated himself with Mr. S. C. 
 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 15ra.L;a\v and .Mr. L. K. HiiiUni, establisliino" the 
 firm of Taussii^, Braj^aw (S: Hiutoii. 
 
 ( )ii Deceinljer l.'>, lissi;, Mr. Taussig married 
 Miss .\iiiia Wriglit, of Cincinnati, and lie now 
 resides witli his family at Kirkwood. 
 
 SP.AtiNHORST, Henry J., .son of .\dara H. and 
 Anna Maria (Tiemeyer) vSpaunhorst, wa.s born 
 Jannary 10, l-S-iS, in Behn township, near ( )sna- 
 bnick, Kingdom of Hanover, now Prnssia. His 
 parents came to .\merica when he was seven years 
 old, first locating 
 in Louisville, K\-., 
 thence coming tovSt. 
 Louis in February, 
 1. s;'> 7. The\- remained 
 in tliis city for six 
 vears, during which 
 H e n r \- a 1 1 e n d e d 
 school at the old Ca- 
 thedral and such 
 parochial schools as 
 then existed. He re- 
 mained at school un- 
 til he was ten years 
 of age. His parents 
 then m o v e d to 
 Franklin county, 
 Missouri, wdierethey 
 located on a farm, 
 and subsequen tl >• 
 moved to Washing- 
 ton, Missouri. His 
 father died there in 
 1870, aged sevent\- 
 two. Hismotherdied in LS!H),aged ninet\- \ears. 
 
 Young Spaunhorst served his term at Plant's 
 Mill to learn the trade of miller, and during the 
 Mexican war took a position as clerk in a gro- 
 cery store. He afterwards returned to liis par- 
 ents' home in Franklin county, Mi.s.souri, where 
 he remained until I.S4N, when he returned to 
 St. Louis, where he has since resided. 
 
 In l«-i!l he .secured a position as porter, after- 
 wards as clerk, in the wholesale grocery house 
 of Mc]\Iechan & Ballentine, with whom he re- 
 mained until ix."i2. In the fall of that vear he 
 
 HENRV J. >F.AL'NHORST 
 
 entered into partnership with Mr. Joseph Hack- 
 nu^nn and Henry Petring, under the firm name of 
 Spaunhorst & Company, carrying on a whole- 
 sale grocery business for twenty-five vears. Siib- 
 seciuently the firm was changed to Spaunhorst 
 iS: Hackmann, and continued until bs77, when 
 the firm cjuit and wound up its business, Mr. 
 Spaunhorst turning his attention to general 
 office, notar)- and probate btisiness. 
 
 Mr. Spaunhorst was elected a director of the 
 Life Association of America in LS(;s,and con- 
 tinued in that office 
 until its winding up. 
 In l.S7."> he became 
 president of the Cen- 
 tral Savings Bank; 
 and he was one of 
 the organizers of the 
 iMankliu Fire and 
 Marine Insurance in 
 lx.">.'), of which he is 
 still vice-president; 
 also of the Franklin 
 Savings Institution. 
 In 1^7;'), at a con- 
 vention held in De- 
 troit, .Michigan, he 
 was elected jiresi- 
 dent of the (lerman 
 Ro man Catholic 
 Central Societv of 
 the United States, a 
 position he held for 
 eighteen consecutive 
 years, and when in 
 l-'^l'l he retired, he was elected honorary presi- 
 dent of that organization for life. He was also 
 a member of the great Catholic Congress at Balti- 
 more, and subsequently on the executive com- 
 mittee for the Columbian Congress. In connection 
 with his labors on behalf of the German Catho- 
 lics in America, he organized the Aiucrilca, 
 and was president of the corporation until in 
 1^<7(), when he resigned. He was one of the 
 founders of the (lerman St. \'incent Orphan 
 .\ssociation, of which he has been an officer 
 from l.s.')2. In ISilli he organized the St. Joseph 
 
niocR. ii'uiCAi. Arni-.xnix. 
 
 Bene\-olent Societ>-, and lias l)et'n its ]ircsi- 
 (Ifut ever since; lie was for many years president 
 of the npper conncil of the Society of wSt. Vin- 
 cent de Paul. In IsiiT he was elected to the 
 state senate from the tliirt\-tliird district, hein.i^ 
 re-elected in ISd'.), and making a s]ileiulid record 
 dnrinij- his two terms. The insurance laws of 
 our state are his work. He was a member of 
 the Constitutional Convention of IST.'i, and in 
 l.SSl was ap])()iiite(l l)y (iovernor Crittenden 
 lal)or commissioner, a position he held until 
 I'SS;;, when lie resigned. 
 
 In l.'^iJl Mr. Spaunhorst married Miss Cather- 
 ine Richter, of vSt. Louis, who died two years later. 
 .Mr. Spaunhorst afterwards married Miss Anna 
 P>ruiismanii,of St. Louis. Tliey ha\-efonrchildreii 
 li\ing, namely : Rosa, Aoatlia, .Vniia and Heiirv. 
 
 .Mr. Spaunhorst at this time holds several re- 
 sponsible positions; in ISNl ht- was elected secre- 
 tary of the "Widow and Orphan Fund of the 
 Crerman Roman Catholic Central Society" of 
 the I'liited States, which position he still holds; 
 the latter organization numbering 4i!l) societies 
 with .")7, .')()() members throughout the Ignited 
 States. Mr. Spaunhorst is director and vice- 
 president of the Catholic Publishing Societ\-, 
 and now past sixtv -six. It is moi'e than fifty- 
 sex'eii years since he came to vSt. Louis, then a 
 comparatively small place. 
 
 l>R<i\V.\KI.I., HkxJ.\MIX H., son o{ Charles and 
 Luc\ (Adams) Hrowiiell, was born .March Hi, 
 I'Sfi', at Tro\ , Xew York, in which city his 
 father was in linsiness as a builder. He was a 
 bright, intelligent boy, and made good progress 
 in the Tro\' public schools, where he remained 
 until si.xteen )-ears of age. On leaving school 
 he set to work at once to learn the tailoring 
 business, commencing in a Troy house. In 
 1>>()4, although still a resident of Troy, b\ 
 special order of Adjutant-(ieneral Townsend, he 
 enlisted in the Second Illinois Light .\rtiller\ 
 and served for nine months, when, actixe warfare 
 being o\er, he was mustered out. 
 
 Mr. P.rownell came at once to St. Louis, where 
 hisl)rollu-r,Ca])laiii Frank Hrownell, theavenger 
 of Colonel I'Usworth, was then stationed. He 
 
 jiaid a short visit to his brother and then ac- 
 ce])led a position as cutter in the taihning 
 establishment of Tichnor .X: Company. In LsCii; 
 he went into the tailors' trimming business, but 
 in the following year returned to his own trade 
 and worked for I). vS. Thompson till the year 
 l.S(;!i. He then went into the eiiiplo\- of I). R. 
 .Sunickner, with whom he remained for three 
 years, and in 1.S72, having saved considerable 
 money from his earnings, he opened a merchant 
 tailoring establishment at 71-H Olive street. He 
 was e\en then, twent\' years ago, an expert in 
 the trade, and it was not long before he had 
 bitilt \\\i a \-alnabIe business. In the year l^^TT 
 he secured a lease on the f|narlers he now occu- 
 l)ics. Til) Oli\e street, for a period of ten years, 
 and in D^'SS he .secured a further lease, remodel- 
 ing the premises according to his own ideas. 
 The result is that his show-rooms are the finest 
 and most modern of any in the I'nited States. 
 
 .Mr. P>rownell carries only the finest lines of 
 ini])orled and domestic cloths and suitings, and 
 his styles are always the latest. He has made 
 himself what he is to-day, the leading tailor of 
 vSt. Louis. He worked at his trade for a li\-eli- 
 liood, but had a keen liking for it, and ne\er 
 tired studying out new ideas and watching 
 fashion develo])nienls. .\s a cutter he had the 
 reputation in his jonrne\inen da\ s of being with- 
 out a superior, and he insists on all work in his 
 establishment being done in the same conscien- 
 tious method he adojited while at work himself. 
 He makes a high grade of clothes and is ])atron- 
 ized generally by the local " Four Hundred." 
 On the eve of society balls and special events 
 his establishment has to run overtime to keep 
 pace with the orders, and Brownell clothes liave 
 so good a name that mail orders are constaiUlv 
 received from those who have been measured at 
 the house but are now away from St. Louis. 
 
 .\s a business man .Mr. Hrownell is very pop- 
 ular in ,St. Louis, and in societx' circles he is 
 looked upon as a distinct ae<niisitioii. He is an 
 active member of the Mercantile, .St. Louis and 
 I''air (ironiuls Jockey clubs, and is an Inmored 
 member of the Ransom Post. ('.. .\. R. 
 
 In ISSJ he married .Mrs. Marie 1-asbender. 
 
554 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 PORTKR, William, sou of the Reverend 
 Byron and Agnes Rankin Porter, was l)orn in 
 Beaver, Pennsylvania, in the year ]«,')(). He 
 went through an academical course at the 
 Elderton Academy, Pennsylvania, and gradu- 
 ated from Westminster College, at the age of 
 twenty, with first honors. He studied for the 
 next two years at the Jefferson Medical College, 
 of Philadelphia, whence he graduated in the 
 
 year 
 
 1872. In order to complete his education 
 
 as a physician he crossed the .\tlantic and 
 walked the London 
 h osjjitals for two 
 years. During that 
 period he occupied 
 various resident staff 
 positions at the great 
 " I^o n d o n Hospi- 
 tal," and had the 
 benefit of studying 
 directly under such 
 eminent physicians 
 as Sir Andrew Clark, 
 Dr. Sutton and Mr. 
 Jonathan Hutchi- 
 son. He also acted 
 as assistant at the 
 London Throat and 
 Chest Hospital to 
 Sir Morel! Mac- 
 kenzie, for whom he 
 recorded over five 
 hund red cases of 
 
 laryngeal phthisis, wiiii ■ 
 
 which are tabulated 
 
 and acknowledged as Dr. Porter's work in Dr. 
 Mackenzie's classical treatise on diseases of the 
 throat. The doctor was .so pleased with his 
 assistant's work that he strongly urged him to 
 make a specialty of throat and chest di.seases, 
 the result being that Dr. Porter spent several 
 months among the throat and chest clinics of 
 Berlin, Vienna and Paris, and afterward return- 
 ing to London was given entire charge of Dr. 
 Mackenzie's large clinic at " London Hospital." 
 Returning to America Dr. Porter located in 
 St. Louis in 1875 and two vears later was 
 
 elected secretary of the St. Louis Medical Soci- 
 ety, and then of the ^Missouri State Medical 
 Society. He speedih- l)uilt up a lucrative prac- 
 tice as a specialist, and particularly as a con- 
 sulting physician in this city, and in 187it he 
 was offered an appointment on the medical staff 
 of the London Throat and Chest Hospital by 
 Dr. Mackenzie, who visited Dr. Porter a few 
 years later, and continued his friend during his 
 life-time. Dr. Porter has continued to increase 
 his St. Louis practice and to build up his repu- 
 tation as one of the 
 first specialists in 
 throat and chest dis- 
 eases in the L^nited 
 States. He is a 
 member of all the 
 leading medical so- 
 cieties and a fellow 
 of the Laryngologic- 
 al Association. He 
 has also 1) e e n 
 h o n o r e d by his 
 brother physicians 
 by the presidenc)- of 
 the American ]\Ied- 
 ical Editors' .-Associ- 
 ation and of the Mis- 
 sissippi \'alley Med- 
 ical Association. He 
 is enthusiastic in his 
 advocacy of higher 
 medical education 
 and teaching, and is 
 professor of diseases 
 throat and cliest in the College of Physi- 
 cians and Surgeons. 
 
 Dr. Porter is consulting physician to four 
 of our largest hospitals, and has been edito- 
 rially connected with several influential med- 
 ical journals. 
 
 In 1884 Dr. Porter married Miss Pearl E). 
 Dickinson, of vSchenectady, New York. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Porter are an unusually happy couple, 
 and to the devotion and assistance of Mrs. 
 Porter her husband unhesitatingly says that 
 much of his success is due. 
 
lUOCRAPIfrCAI. APPENDIX. 
 
 Hii.i., Harry M.- 
 virile southern fan 
 Xapoleon Hill arc \ 
 is Harrv M. Hill, ; 
 
 -( )nc uf the nienihcrs of that 
 
 ily, of which Jerome and 
 
 cll-knn\vn representatives, 
 
 brother of the ijentlenien 
 
 abo\-e named. The former was born in Mar- 
 shall county, ;\Iississippi, Xo\'ember :^4, jsi;'), 
 was educated in the public schools and at Frank- 
 lin county, Nashville, Tennessee. When six- 
 teen he enlisted in the Thirty-ei<rhth Tennessee 
 Infantry, C. S. A., and his war career, to say 
 the least, was both active and stirriu.i>-. He soon 
 won the commission 
 of orderly sergeant, 
 but at Shiloh was 
 taken prisoner and 
 sent to .\lton. While 
 on his wayfrom there 
 to Cam]) Douglas 
 with ^)<»ll others, he 
 escaped, walked to 
 Clinton, Illinois, 
 where he w o r k e d 
 some time as hod- 
 carrier, a u d w a s 
 thus enabled to get 
 to Chicago, where, 
 under a disguise, he 
 worked in a hotel, 
 until he could get to 
 Canada and to Hali- 
 fax, Nova Scotia, 
 where he took a 
 southern bound \es- 
 sel, successfully ran 
 the blockade at Wil- 
 mington, North Carolina, ^ 
 of the struggle. After the 
 to Memphis, read law in 
 .\rch. Wright, and was ad 
 ISCT. 
 Ht 
 and i 
 
 HENRY 
 
 ud served to the end 
 surrender, he went 
 the office of Judge 
 
 iiitled to practice in 
 
 t once won reputaticui and popularity, 
 l.ssts represented a Memphis district at 
 the convention which nominated Cleveland. In 
 issji lie came to St. Louis and fornic<l a i)art- 
 uership with Judge Thos. 15. Ilarvex', and to- 
 dav the firm of Harvey & Hill, in legal ability, 
 is rated among the best. 
 
 I'h.i.i.s, Hkxrv (i., son of N. (i. ami /,il])ha 
 \\. (Case) Kllis, was born in Blenheim, Brock 
 District, Canada West (now Ontario), February 
 2<), 1S4.'). His ])arents were of .\merican birtli 
 and connections, and when he was a mere bo\' 
 tlie\' returned to Jefferson county. State of New 
 York, and in the spring of 1<S")7 moved with his 
 ])arentst(> SoutlK-ru Michigan. His early years 
 were sjient on a farm. He was educated in the 
 public schools and in the academy. After leav- 
 ing school he taught in various parts of Mich- 
 igan and Northern 
 Indiana seven terms. 
 In the sjiriug of 
 I.S(;;i he sold his first 
 reaper and mower. 
 I'-ngaging in the ma- 
 chinebusiness, he fol- 
 lowed this for a few 
 seasons, and demon- 
 strated his capabili- 
 ties as a salesman in 
 a local way. Recog- 
 nizing a larger field 
 open for operation in 
 this line in the then 
 western c o u u try, 
 and a broader scojie 
 for his and)itiou and 
 energ)-, he soon be- 
 came restless for a 
 uu)re extended field 
 of (jperation, a n d 
 ELLIS. identified h i m s e 1 f 
 
 with an extensive 
 reaper and mower factory, in the capacity of a 
 traveling salesman, being advanced to the ])o- 
 sition of manager of the southern branch house 
 of this factory, which position he held until 
 1X8H. Later he resigned this position, and 
 associated himself with Kingman & Company, 
 Peoria, Illinois, becoming a stockholder, and 
 immediateh' remoxed to .St. Louis as manager 
 of the St. Louis house, which was then opened. 
 He -Still holds this position. 
 
 He was married .\pril i'^^, l-sii.s, to Miss Clara 
 \'., daughter of ^L C. Waite, of Wisconsin. 
 
556 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Prossek, Tiio.MAS Jkfkhrson, was born in 
 Pittsburg, February 11, l.S.")l. He passed his 
 childhood and early youth in the vSnioky City. 
 He ran away from lioine when thirteen years of 
 age, and joined the Union Army at Alexandria, 
 Virginia. He enlisted with the Sixt\--second 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served 
 until July, 1>>()4. On his return home from the 
 army he was not yet beyond the school-age, and 
 he at once resumed his attendance at the ])ublic 
 school, completing the cour.se in liS()(;. Tlien 
 he went to work 
 under his father t(.) 
 learn the carpenter's 
 trade. 
 
 In the vear 1.S7.S, 
 while the oil fields 
 of Pennsy 1 \- a n i a 
 were still giving a 
 good output, Mr. 
 Prosser engaged in 
 the business of 
 building oil tanks 
 throughout that 
 district. He (li.l 
 a large contract- 
 ing business in this 
 line for about eight- 
 een months, and thus 
 laid the foundation 
 of his present pros- 
 jierity. The price 
 of oil dropped so low 
 that the business of 
 building tanks was 
 affected. Because of this Mr. Prosser returned 
 to his native city, and, no other opening pre- 
 senting itself ju.st then, he went to work at the 
 bench as a journeyman carpenter. 
 
 In 1881 he came west and secured a contract 
 to build water-tanks in the swamps of Arkansas. 
 He went into the enterprise with an undaunted 
 purpose to succeed, and to that end took up the 
 tools and worked every day beside his men, and 
 did harder work than any of them, too. In his 
 ability and readiness for hard work is found the 
 reason of liis success. The man who fears 
 
 wink, Mr. Prosser says, will ne\er ha\e success. 
 In 1X<'^7 he had over two hundred carpenters 
 steadily employed, scattered all over Arkansas, 
 Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas and Colorado, and 
 during the same \ear over S2, (KM), ()(»() passed 
 through the St. Louis banks to his credit. His 
 business had increased to such proportions that 
 he began to seek a new outlet for his capital 
 and energy. He projected and organized the 
 Pacific Railway in Nebraska, secured right-of- 
 way and franchise, negotiated the sale of the 
 bonds, took the con- 
 
 tract 
 
 and 1 
 
 milt the 
 
 road 
 
 b'or 
 
 the first 
 
 \ear 
 
 he h; 
 
 (1 entire 
 
 c >nti 
 
 ol of 
 
 I ho road 
 
 and 
 
 was i 
 
 ts presi- 
 
 dent 
 
 .\n important 
 
 husii 
 
 less \-euture in 
 
 v.hic 
 
 h he 
 
 is inter- 
 
 cslec 
 
 at th 
 
 s time is 
 
 the 
 
 South 
 
 western 
 
 Street P o 
 
 s t Coni- 
 
 pan\ 
 
 , of wl 
 
 ich he is 
 
 jnesi 
 
 dent. 
 
 
 M 
 
 . Prosser was 
 
 nuuried in 
 
 Septem- 
 
 ber, 
 
 l.S!i-_\ 
 
 to Miss 
 
 \-irg 
 
 nia S 
 
 itton at 
 
 THOMAS J. PROSSE 
 
 Pittsburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and to the wife 
 who then plighted 
 her troth to him he 
 credits much of his 
 successin life. They 
 have four children — Rea>' Cooper, Alice Pearl, 
 Perc\- Smith and Thomas Ja\-. 
 
 In commercial circles no nurn in St. Louis 
 enjoys to a higher degree the confidence and 
 esteem of his fellow-citizens; and in private life 
 he is one of the most genial and companionable 
 of men. 
 
 Mr. Prosser is a Republican in politics, but 
 has ne\-er sought oflice of any kind. In 
 the year ISiK) he was persuaded, against his 
 will, to run for Congress, and made an excel- 
 lent race. 
 
nrOCR. I PUR A I. . I /VV-.AW.V. 
 
 IJRiCrHT, JamiCS H., is one of tlie citizens of 
 this metropolis who has secured success by earn- 
 in;^ it. Frotu workintj l)y the clay at his trade 
 lo heino; one of the leadiu.u; contractors of ,Sl. 
 Louis are conditions widel\- separated, but he 
 has bvidoed llie distance from one to the other 
 b\' industr\', ])atience and careful and hmicst 
 business methods, and is certainly entitled to 
 his present prosperity. James H., the son of 
 Jackson and Nancy Jane (Riley) Brii^ht, is a 
 native of Kentucky, and was born in (iallatiu 
 countv, that state. 
 
 Au-ust 
 He c; 
 
 i, 1.S41. 
 ime to Mis- 
 souri with his par- 
 ents when a child 
 of six )ears, and wa> 
 enabled to attend 
 school until about 
 eleven years of atje. 
 Later his parents 
 moved to St. Louis, 
 and here he was ap- 
 prenticed to a brick- 
 layer to learn the 
 trade. When he had 
 reached the a.y;e of 
 ei.y;hteeu, his term of 
 service had been 
 'completed, and that 
 he had learned his 
 trade well is shown 
 by the fact that he 
 was able to secure a 
 position as a fore- 
 man almost immediately 
 years old he formed a part 
 and under the firm na 
 went into the brick cont 
 
 Wlu 
 rship 
 
 -n lie was l\\enl\- 
 with his brother, 
 L- of Brioht r.rothers 
 ctinu; business. This 
 firm was prosperous and continued in business 
 for twenty years, or until the death of John C. 
 Bright in ISSl. James H. continued the busi- 
 ness after his brother's death, makini; brick 
 contraclino his s]iecialty up to about five years 
 a.^o, when the scope of the business was en- 
 lar.Ljed to include .s>;eneral contractin.y;, in 
 line he has since continued. A> slunvi 
 
 high i)lace he occupies in liis field, the new 
 Public Library, the Roe Building, the New Wa- 
 ter Tower, the Third National Bank, the Cupples 
 Warehouse, and the Cuh-er Building, are named 
 as structures on which he did the contracting. 
 Mr. Bright has been twice married, his first 
 wife being .Miss Laura Mayhew, to whom he 
 was wedded in 1S72, and who died in 1S7;'.. 
 In iSTi; he was married to Miss I'anny I). 
 Dukes. Three children are mendiers of tlieir 
 family— Wm. R., Fanny Mav and Ida L. 
 
 Bki.i., Jamk.s W., 
 was born in Wheel- 
 
 1 ing,- West \'irginia, 
 
 ; August Hi, Ls-jd. 
 
 He was educated in 
 the private schools 
 of his native cit\' 
 until about twche 
 vears of age, when 
 he went to work 
 opening crates of 
 crockery at a sala- 
 rv of two dollars a 
 week. He display- 
 ed ability to do bet- 
 ter work than this, 
 
 apiirenticed as 
 a cabinet maker. 
 When eighteen years 
 of age he decided lo 
 locate in the West, 
 and not being par- 
 ticularly well su])- 
 is wa\- as a cabin-boy. 
 as shi])])ing clerk for 
 hum he remained lor 
 
 whi 
 
 plied with funds, workt. 
 
 He secured emplo\ ni 
 Mr. ('riles F. Fille\ , wit 
 t\venty-.seven years. 
 
 In lf<<s;5 he was appointed .secretary of the 
 Continental Cattle Company. In 1-S!><> he organ- 
 ized the .St. Louis Safe Deposit and Sa\ings 
 Bank, of which he was elected president. 
 
 Mr. Bell is a popular citizen, an able financier, 
 and liberal in commercial circles. He married 
 Miss Jane Major, of Bradford, England, and has 
 had six children. 
 
558 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Davis, Albert C, son of George J. and E. 
 Cornelia (Smith) Davis, the latter a daughter of 
 Judge Albert Smith, of Milwaukee, was born in 
 Genessee, New York, July 20, 1856. He received 
 a little preliminary education near his home, 
 and before he was nine years old his parents 
 moved to St. Louis, arriving here on New Year's 
 day, 181)5, when the river was frozen over, and 
 they crossed it on the ice. 
 
 Mr. A. C. Davis was educated in the public 
 schools here and at Washington Uni\ersity, 
 where he graduated 
 in 1878, being at 
 once admitted to the 
 bar. He practiced 
 law with hisljrother, 
 Mr. H.U. Davis, tlie 
 lirm name l)eing 
 A.C. 6cH.B. Davis. 
 The firm continued 
 under this name for 
 a while, when they 
 final ly associated 
 themselves with Mr. 
 George G. Davis, the 
 firm being then Da- 
 vis & Davis, and con- 
 sisting of father and 
 two sons, a family 
 of lawyers, all equal- 
 ly bright and com- 
 petent. The firm 
 was d issol ved i n 
 1888, since whicli 
 .time Mr. A. C. Da- 
 vis has been practicing alone. He has a very 
 large and lucrative practice, and his face is a 
 well-known one on the St. Louis streets and in 
 the St. Louis courts. In February, 18.S0, :\Ir. 
 Davis married Miss May G. Cooper, of this cit\-. 
 He has one boy, J. Cooper. 
 
 MORRLS, Tho.mas, son of .Michael and Ho- 
 nora (Eagan) Morris, was born in Tipperary, 
 Ireland, January 28, 1842. His parents came to 
 America in the year l'S4!^i, arriving in St. Louis 
 on April 22d of that year. Young .Morris at- 
 
 VLBERT C. DAVIS. 
 
 tended the public schools and then entered the 
 St. Louis Universit\-. After completing his 
 course he studied law under Mr. Mackey and 
 Wx. Charles Conlon, the latter a partner of 
 Judge John S. Phelj^s. He was admitted to the 
 bar in l.S7,S and entered the office of Fruin ^: 
 Company, ha\-ing charge of all their business 
 for a period of three years. 
 
 In l-S.sl he as.sociated himself with Mr. Frank 
 I). Turner, the firm name being Turner & Mor- 
 ris. In l.S'S4 Mr. Turner went to Chicago and 
 Mr. Morris entered 
 into partnership 
 with Mr. James 
 Rowe, the partner- 
 ship firm of Rowe ,S: 
 .Morris continuing 
 until .\pril, bSiH, 
 when Air. Morris was 
 elected judge. 
 
 •Mr. Morris mar- 
 ried Miss Johanna 
 Cantwell, of Tliur- 
 1ns, Tipperary, the 
 lub bfing a first 
 LDUsin of James 
 Cantwell, of the well- 
 know 11 .Star and (lar- 
 tei Hotel at Dublin. 
 He has had tweh-e 
 childien, of whom 
 six are now lixiiig. 
 Judge I^Iorris is a 
 \er\- practical com- 
 mon-sense lawyer. 
 He insists on dealing with cases on their merits, 
 without allow'ing legal quibbles to interfere 
 with the administration of justice. He is a 
 stern believer in personal liberty, and refuses to 
 allow any infringement upon it in the name of 
 law and order, and although very stern and 
 severe in bad cases, he is apt to be lenient when 
 he believes a little mercy will be appreciated 
 and will have a reformatory effect. 
 
 Junge Morris will complete his term on the 
 bench next spring, and will then actively re- 
 sume the practice of law. 
 
niocRAPniCAi. APPF.ynrx. 
 
 5o9 
 
 
 vSi'iKCKi.iiALTKR, JoSEnni, was liorn in ( )l)ern- 
 (loif a Nekar in Wiirteinbei\s^, (iermauy, Au- 
 gust t>, 1H;}4, the second son of Josejili and 
 JoliannaSpiegellialter,//<vZipfelili. He received 
 a liberal edncation in the schools of his birth- 
 place, and in 1S.")4 he emigrated to the I'nited 
 States. He went to Reading, Penns\-l\-ania, 
 and passed his examination as a ])nblic school 
 teacher. 
 
 In the spring of l.s.'i.') 
 and fonnd employment 
 a few months he left 
 this position to take 
 charge of a drng 
 store owned by Dr. 
 \'asey. I.ater, in 
 IS.") 7, he visited St. 
 Lonis, and in is.^s 
 he located here and 
 fou\id a position in 
 a drng store, an<l 
 went to work in 
 earnest to save 
 nione\- eiiongh to at- 
 U-nd lectures. 
 
 TIr- Hnm'holdi 
 Medical Institute 
 had been started by 
 Dr. H a \\\ m e r in 
 l.s.');t, and there he 
 
 ■nt 
 
 ittt 
 
 nres, ntilizmg the 
 morning and even- 
 ing honVs at the drng 
 store to sa\-e ex- 
 penses. In bS(;i I) 
 students of tlie Hnml 
 a military company, 
 sworn in a 
 
 I, h'ifth Missouri \'olnntcers, participating in 
 the battles of Carthage and Wil.son's Creek. 
 After he was discharged, in the fall of ISHl, he 
 took up his medical .studies again. In the spring 
 of 18(;2 he graduated and immediately afterwards 
 passed his examination before the military board 
 of medical examiners, of which Dr. I. T. Hodgen 
 was president. 
 
 .\lthough by the percentage of his examina- 
 tion he was entitled to a surgeon's position, he 
 ]>referred to go where his friends were, and took 
 the then vacant posi- 
 tion of assistant sur- 
 geon of the Twelfth 
 Missouri \"olnnteer 
 Infantry Regiment 
 (()slerhans' regi- 
 ment). 
 
 .\fter Dr. Spiegel- 
 halter was mustered 
 out of the service he 
 started to practice 
 his profession in St. 
 Louis. In l«(ir> he 
 wasai>]iointed health 
 othcer by Ma yor 
 Thomas. When 
 choUra appeared in 
 the Ivuropean sea- 
 ports in the winterof 
 ISIkViW;, Dr. Spiegel- 
 halter warned tlie 
 l!oanl of Health of 
 
 t e n 1 
 
 organ 
 1 Insti 
 
 Hami 
 
 (It Medical Institute into 
 This comiKui)' had been 
 pecial j5olice, and did guard (lut\- 
 at night near and around the arsenal, with head- 
 quarters at Dr. Hammer's residence, west of the 
 arsenal. When the president's call came, mo.st 
 of the students entered the army — .some in the 
 medical department and others in the line. 
 Dr. Spiegeihalter enlisted in the Fifth Missouri 
 \'olunteer Infantry, ami served during the 
 tliree months' service as lieutenant of Company 
 
 danger, and urged 
 them to prepare f(n- the eindemic. When it 
 finally reached St. Louis, the board had no 
 money for extra sanitary work. With the aid 
 of Hon. Krastus Wells the money was linally 
 raised, and the work of thoroughly cleaning the 
 streets and alleys was commenced. 
 
 In recognition of his hard and effective work 
 in the interest of the city. Dr. Spiegeihalter was 
 nominated and elected coroner of St. Louis 
 county in the fall of IXtili, and after the expira- 
 tion of his first term he was re-elected in 1^(18. 
 When Dr. Spiegeihalter entered upon his duties 
 
r)60 
 
 OLD AND NFAV Sr. LOriS. 
 
 as coroner, he (^ave uj) his practice and devoted 
 all his time to his official duties. 
 
 In 187(i he was once more called into public 
 service, Mayor Overstolz having appointed him 
 medical member of the Board of Health. He 
 was reappointed by Mayor Overstolz in 1877 
 and 1S7!I. In 1883 Mayor Ewing also appointed 
 him for the same position, which he filled until 
 1887, thus serving for eleven years as uiedical 
 member of the Board of Health, where his 
 knowledge of sanitary affairs and the topograpln- 
 of the city were highly appreciated. 
 
 Dr. Spiegelhalter has been a uiember of the 
 St. Louis Medical Society since 1864, he is also 
 a member of the Verein Deutscher Aerzte ( Soci- 
 ety of German Physicians), of the Microscopical 
 Society, the Mississippi Valley Medical Society, 
 the Academy of Science, the American Medical 
 Association, and the .Vmerican Public Health 
 Association. 
 
 .\s an old soldier he belongs to the (irand 
 Arnn- of the Republic, the Loyal Legion and 
 the Army of the Tennessee. He is a member 
 of the St. Louis P^thical vSociety, one of the 
 founders of the vSt. Louis Swimming School and 
 of the ^lissouri Crematory Association; he is a 
 director in both of these institutions and takes 
 great interest in their management and success. 
 
 Charuk.s M. Hav.s, vice-president and gen- 
 eral manager of the Wabash Railroad, was born 
 at Rock Island, Illinois, on May Ki, 18;")(i. He 
 embarked in the railwa\- business November 10, 
 lf^7;!, when he went to work as a clerk in the 
 office of the passenger department of the At- 
 lantic & Pacific Railroad, at that time leased 
 and operated by the Missouri Pacific Railroad. 
 From January to March of the next year he was 
 employed in freight accounts in the auditor's 
 office. 
 
 After a few mouths" service in that capacity 
 he entered the office of the general superintend- 
 ent of the same company. He then entered the 
 service of the Mis.souri Pacific Railway, serving 
 in various capacities until April 1, 1884, when he 
 accepted the position of secretarv to general 
 manager of the Wabash, St. Louis S: Pacific 
 
 Railway. On October 1, l.s.sii, he was jnomoted 
 to the position of assistant general manager of 
 the same road, and upon the death of Col. A. .\. 
 Talmage, Juh- 1, l!^'S7, he was appointed to suc- 
 ceed him as general manager of the Wabash 
 Western Railway, which road was consolidated 
 with the Wabash Railway on July 1, 188;i, under 
 the name of the Wabash Railroad Compan\-, 
 ^Ir. Hays being appointed general manager of 
 the con.solidated system. On February 1, is;i4, 
 he was elected vice-president, and has since held 
 the dual position of vice-president and general 
 manager. 
 
 .Mr. Hays maybe considered as a representative 
 vSt. Louis man, this city having l)een the scene 
 of his entire business career. 
 
 His father was Samuel Hays, who st-rxed one 
 term as treasurer of the State of .Missouri, anil 
 has also served as postmaster of St. Louis, l)e- 
 ing appointed by President Hayes, while his 
 mother came of the well-known ^Morris famih 
 of New Jersey, her maiden name being Sarah 
 Elizabeth Morris. It was at the house of Maj. 
 John Ford, of Morristowu, New Jerse\-, the 
 great-grandfather of Mr. Hays, that (xeneral 
 George Washington made his headquarters dur- 
 ing his final campaign against the British, who 
 then occupied New York City. 
 
 He was married on October Li, l^i^l to Miss 
 Clara (i. Gregg, the daughter of William H. 
 Gregg, of this city, their domestic life being 
 blessed with four interesting daughters. 
 
 Crxxixc.HAM, F^DWARi), Jr., son of Fxlward 
 and Catharine (Miller) Cuuninghaiu, was Ijorn 
 in Cumberland count)', \'irginia, August :^1, 
 1841. He received a good education from pri- 
 vate tutors at home, then in the \'irginia .Mili- 
 tary Institute, at Lexington, Mrginia, where he 
 . was studying during the troublous da\s ])reced- 
 ing the war. Being in the first class, he went 
 along under Stonewall Jackson, who commanded 
 the corps of cadets during the John Brown raid. 
 On being ordered to Charleston, being a cadet- 
 captain, he was put in command of the section 
 of artillery accompanying the corps. He was 
 then ordered back with the troops to Lexington, 
 
nn ^CRAPHIL A I. APPENDIX. 
 
 5(;l 
 
 wlicre he reiiiaiued uiUil llif hreakiii;^ o\\\. of 
 tlif war, !))• wliich time lie had o^raduated and 
 was assistant professor of mathematics. 
 
 He was commissioned l)y the j^overnor as 
 lieutenant of engineers, and instructed the 
 cadets at Richmond, \'iry:inia, being the first 
 adjutant-general. 
 
 In the \'ear b'^iil, when Major Jackson was 
 appointed colonel of the \'irginia forces, he was 
 assigned the c(.)nimand of the northern depart- 
 ment of the state, with headquarters at Harper's 
 Ferry. Mr. Cun- 
 ningham was aji- 
 pointed ca])tain of 
 engineers, and as- 
 signed to that de- 
 partment as chief 
 engineer. He re- 
 mained under Col. 
 Jackson until \'ir- 
 ginia joined the Con- 
 federate States, wdien 
 the dejiartment was 
 placed under t h e 
 command of (General 
 Joseph E. Johnston, 
 after which time he 
 .served as a.ssistant 
 to .Major W. H. T. 
 Whitney, chief en- 
 gineer until the 
 battle of Manassas. 
 
 When the Arm\- 
 of the Shenandoah 
 was ordered to Man- 
 assas to join General Beauregard, Mr. Cun- 
 ningliam was assigned to duty on the staff of 
 Crcncral Kirby Smith. In December, bStll, 
 he was commissioned first lieutenant of artil- 
 ler\- for engineer duty in the regular .\rmy of 
 the Confederate States, and was ordered to re- 
 port to (reneral Mansfield Lovell,at Xew Orleans. 
 
 HOWARD CL'NNINOHAM 
 
 report at Kno.vville. He served under (General 
 Smith in Kentucky and Tenne.s.see until the 
 year ISi;;;, when, with General Smith, he was 
 transferred to the department of the Trans-Mis- 
 sissippi. In the following year he was commis- 
 sioned major of the artillery in the Provisional 
 Arm\- of the Confederate States, and served 
 until the close of the war as chief of ar- 
 tillery of the Trans-Mississippi department, 
 which embraced Arkansas, West Louisiana, 
 Texas and the Indian Territorx . 
 
 ( )n June 7, l.S(;;i, 
 Mr. Cunningham 
 was ])aroled at 
 Shre\-e])ort, Louisi- 
 ana, and was subse- 
 (|nentl\- instructor 
 in the Norwood 
 .\cadem\', in Nelson 
 count\-, \'irginia, 
 and also in the 
 1! e 11 e v u e Hi g h 
 .School, in Bedford 
 count}-, \'irginia. 
 While teaching he 
 studied law under 
 James P. Holcomb, 
 formerly professor 
 of law in the Uni- 
 \ersity of \'irginia, 
 but before complet- 
 ing his law studies 
 he moved to New 
 Castle, Kentucky, 
 where, under his old 
 friend. General K. Kirby vSmith, he acted as in- 
 structor in the Western Military .\cademy. He 
 came to this city in the winter of l.S7:^-;5. He 
 was admitted to the bar and practiced alone 
 until 1887, when he entered into partnership 
 with Mr. Edward C. Eliot. In the fall of 18!l() 
 these gentlemen associated themselves with 
 
 He served on engineer duty in the erection of Judge J. W. Phillips and Mr. A. C. Stewart. 
 
 the defenses of New Orleans until .\pril, 18(;i, 
 when General E. Kirby Smith having been as- 
 signed to the department of East Tennessee, 
 Mr. Cunningham was, at his request, ordered to 
 
 In 1871) he married Miss Cornelia \'. Thorn- 
 ton, daughter of Charles A. Thornton, E.sq., of 
 Louisiana. They have only one child, a son, 
 Edward Thornton, born in I87;i. 
 
562 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Greexe, Frank S., the successful contractor 
 and builder, was born in England, although lie 
 is an American in everything but that, as he 
 was brought here when but one year old. He 
 refers to Warwickshire, England, as the place, 
 and September 11, 1848, as the date of his birth. 
 On reaching the New World his parents settled 
 in Ohio, which in 1849 was yet a new country. 
 
 In this state young Frank lived until ten 
 years old, when, left an orphan by the death of 
 Ijoth father and mother, circumstances became 
 so shaped tliat the 
 boy was sent to St. 
 Louis, the date of | 
 
 his arrival 1j e i n g 
 1858. He was at 
 once started to the 
 common schools, but 
 owing to tlie cir- 
 cumstance tliat he 
 was compelled to 
 make his own way 
 in the world, he was 
 compelled to leave 
 school when about 
 fourteen years old, 
 an opening having 
 offered to learn the 
 trunk maker's trade. 
 He applied himself 
 diligently to this 
 during the period of 
 the civil war, but 
 after he had mas- 
 tered its details, he 
 
 became convinced that the trade of a carpenter 
 and builder was better adapted to his tastes and 
 offered better opportunities of success than the 
 other. At eighteen years of age, therefore, he 
 went to work for Noah Dean, a well-known 
 builder of this city, with whom he worked until 
 1869. As soon as he had acquired proficiency, 
 he boldly started in business for himself. It 
 was only in a small way then, but his business 
 and reputation for honest and excellent work 
 have grown with the years, and he reckons some 
 of the wealthiest men of the city as his patrons. 
 
 FRANK S. GREENE. 
 
 Mr. Greene was married in 1874 to Miss 
 Beckie Buck, of St. Louis county. They have 
 two children — ^Jessie and Mary. 
 
 BuTLKR, Edward. — The well-known capital- 
 ist and politician, Edward Butler, was born in 
 Ireland, iift}-nine years ago. Like so many other 
 of his countrymen, he early came to America in 
 search of fortune. In New York he learned the 
 blacksmith's trade, and coming to St. Louis 
 afterward, worked several years as a journey- 
 man in various shops 
 of the city. It was 
 early his ambition 
 to open a shop of his 
 own, and as soon as 
 he could save enough 
 money he did so. 
 He also soon recog- 
 nized the fact that 
 it is the specialist 
 who wins in this 
 latter day, and he 
 accordingly merged 
 his business into 
 the horseshoeing 
 Inanch of the trade 
 exclusively, apph-- 
 iug all his energy to 
 learning all about a 
 liorse's foot, how to 
 make a shoe and ap- 
 ply it. By reason 
 of the fact that he 
 then applied his 
 efforts to the narrow limits of doing one thing 
 and doing that thing well, patronage began to 
 pour in on him, and the number and size of his 
 shops had to be increased. 
 
 Shortly after beginning business he became 
 interested in local politics, and his power and 
 influence have increased with the years. As 
 time has passed his business interests have 
 become diversified, until at the present time he 
 is interested in a great number and variety of 
 enterprises. In 1885 his son, Edward, Jr., was 
 made a partner in the horseshoeing business. 
 
W j^L:i^Z^ 
 
niocRAPiiiCAi. A pp]-:.\'nrx. 
 
 ->r,:', 
 
 Schmidt, Hkxrv Arci'ST. — .Mr. vSclnnidt 
 was born in tlie Kinj^doniof Hanover, (rernian\-, 
 March 12, 1S4.S, and is tlie son of Cliristoplicr 
 and Lottie ( Krnse ) Schmidt. His father was 
 a captain in the Hanoverian army, and fonght 
 gallantly in that country's war against the old 
 Napoleon at Leipsic in LSI 4. Young Henry 
 received his education in the public schools of 
 the Cit\' of Bremen. At fourteen years of age, in 
 conformit\- with the Cjerman custom, he left 
 school and began to receive instrncticms in the 
 mechanical arts. He 
 chose the tailoring 
 trade, and was ap- 
 prenticed to a master 
 of his art in the 
 City of Bremen. 
 After three and one- 
 half years' service 
 with the master, he 
 left him to begin 
 work in one of llie 
 leading establish- 
 ments of that city. 
 From early bo y- 
 hood his young 
 heart was stirred In- 
 reading the accounts 
 of the golden oppor- 
 tunities for success in 
 .\inerica. Later on, 
 those of his country- 
 men returning on a 
 visit from the New hf;nr\ a 
 
 World, gave such 
 
 glowing descriptions of it, that his young, am- 
 bitious heart was so fired that lie determined to 
 go at once to the Eldorado of so many of his 
 countrymen. He was only nineteen years of 
 age when he left the scenes of his boyhood 
 and set sail for the New World. After landing 
 in New York, and with an energy that has 
 alwavs been one of his characteristics, lie at 
 once sought employment, which he was not 
 long in obtaining. 
 
 He began work for the well-known house of 
 Croiiev & Ivcnt, 753 Broadway, New York City, 
 
 and then, uiuler llie tutorship of (jiie of the 
 skillful artists of that da\-, soon became only 
 less skillful than his master in all the details of 
 the sartorial art. Being a very aspiring man, 
 and desiring to see more of his adopted country, 
 he left New York and went to Savannah, 
 Georgia, when after a short time he made his 
 way to Memphis, Tenne.s.see. After a stay of 
 several years in the latter cit\-, he went to 
 \'icksburg, Mississip])i, where he was made the 
 manager of the business of Geo. C. Cress & 
 Company, tai lors, 
 the largest house of 
 its Hue in the .state. 
 Working steadily 
 for a number of 
 \ears, and practic- 
 i 11 g economy, h e 
 determined to open 
 a business for him- 
 self. In seeking for 
 a location he came 
 to tlie Cit\- of St. 
 Louis, and in the 
 year l^TS opened a 
 merchant tailoring 
 establishment at (US 
 Washington avenue. 
 His business pros- 
 pered, and in l!S!^:i 
 he sought better 
 (| u a rle rs in the 
 South e r 11 Hotel 
 ;hmidt. Building, where he 
 
 remained for five 
 \ears, and in LS.S7 he removed to (idS Olive 
 street. On the first day of Januarx , 1.S!I4, he 
 again sought more commodious <iuarters, which 
 he found in the magnificent Union Trust Build- 
 ing, where upon the second floor he occupies 
 the large corner room, with light and facilities 
 unsurpassed for the transaction of his business. 
 During his career in St. Louis, Mr. Schmidt 
 has established a reputation which is at present 
 worth thousands of dollars to him annually. He 
 is justly considered the high-class tailor of this 
 citv,andnotonlvishistradeof the most lucrative 
 
5fi4 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 kind, but his establislimeut is also the most 
 extensive in its line in the West. Mr. Schmidt 
 believes that success is obtainable by constant 
 and unremitting attention to one thing, and he 
 has therefore become interested in but few 
 outside private enterprises, except his invest- 
 ments in real estate in this city as well as in 
 Kansas City. He has lent every assistance 
 possible to all plans of a public nature for the 
 general welfare of the city, and has been in- 
 strumental in bringing many of his countrymen 
 with their families 
 to this cit)-. 
 
 He is a Christian 
 in belief and prac- 
 tice, and with his 
 family are attend- 
 ants at Pilgrim Con- 
 gregational Church, 
 to which he is a 
 liberal contributor, 
 as he is also to many 
 of the public chari- 
 ties of the cit\-. In 
 1882 Mr. vSchmidt 
 was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Bertha 
 Leonora \' o 1 k e r 
 of this cit\', and 
 their union has been 
 blessed with a large 
 f a ra i 1 }• of }• o u n g 
 Schmidts, who in 
 time, we hope, will 
 prove a blessing to 
 
 them as well as the comnuinity, and emulate 
 the excellent example set them by their father. 
 
 Th.\lm.\nn, Berxh.\rd, head of the Thal- 
 mann Printing Ink Company, of this city, 
 has attained by industry, straightforward and 
 progressive business methods his present pros- 
 perous and prominent condition. Everything 
 he owns is due solely to his own efforts. He is 
 a self-made man. He is a native of the province 
 of Saxony, Germany, where he was born in 
 18;-52. He received instructions in the public 
 
 BERNHARD THALMAN^ 
 
 schools until he was fourteen, at which age 
 most German boys leave school to learn a trade. 
 It was his fortune to be apprenticed to learn 
 the trade of a lithographic printer, at which, 
 when liis term was completed, he worked in 
 various shops in his native land throughout his 
 youth and early manhood. 
 
 In 18(U, when he was thirty-two years of 
 age, he left the Fatherland to seek his fortune 
 beyond the seas in the New World. After land- 
 ing he came direct to St. Louis, where he at 
 once dropped into a 
 good position as 
 foreman of Gast's 
 extensive establish- 
 ment. For five and a 
 half years he ad- 
 ministered the affairs 
 of this establishment 
 ami only resigned 
 his place in 18(i9 
 to follow out a reso- 
 lution he had pre- 
 viousl)- made to 
 enter business on his 
 own account. He 
 saw that a denuind 
 existed for a high- 
 grade printers' ink, 
 and r e s o 1 \- e d to 
 create the .supply. 
 He had practiced 
 frugality and saved 
 some money, and in 
 a small way he 
 erected a plant at Twenty-first and Singleton 
 streets. From this insignificant beginning, the 
 plant has been enlarged from year to year, 
 until at present it ranks among the important 
 manufacturing enterprises of the city. 
 
 ]\Ir. Thalmann is a member of the I. O. O. F., 
 as well as the Knights of Honor. He has been 
 married twice. The first time he was wedded 
 in 1877 to Miss Carolina Sanftleben, who died 
 .some years later. In 1887 he married his pres- 
 ent wife, whose maiden name was Gnndlach. 
 Mr. Thalmann has four children, all daughters. 
 
nii. M-.RAPiriCAL APPENDIX. 
 
 m^ 
 
 LocKwooD, Richard John, was born in Kent 
 county, Delaware, September H, l.SOS, and died 
 in St. Louis, June 17, 1X70, son of Caleb and 
 Araininta ( Day ) Lockwood, and grandson of 
 Richard Lockwood, a member of the convention 
 which organized Delaware into a state in 177(>, 
 and also signed some of the first notes issued by 
 that state. Richard J. was an only sou. His 
 mother died in the fall of IS-iii, and in the 
 spring of the following year he, with his fatlicr 
 and two sisters, removed to >St. Louis. 
 
 In l«;52his father, 
 Caleb, was elected 
 a member of the 
 City Council from 
 one of the t h re c 
 wards into w h i c h 
 the city was then 
 divided, its popula- 
 tion then being from 
 si.K to seven thou- 
 sand. 
 
 lu 1S;;(; Richard 
 J. l)ecamc a clerk 
 upon one of the river 
 steamers. Two years 
 later he took com- 
 mand as captain. 
 In \M-2 he left the 
 ri\'er, but retained 
 an interest in river 
 properties, and en- 
 gaged in the ship 
 chandler and grocery ,, , ,, 
 
 business with Mr. 
 
 James Hill, under the firm name of IlillX: Lock- 
 wood. This firm name (as one iiartiu-r after 
 another retired or came into the firm ) became 
 successively Lockwood, Voorhes & Company, 
 Lockwood, Pierson & Company, Lockwood & 
 Wider, and finally R. J. Lockwood. In 1S7(), 
 and shortly before his death, .Mr. Lockwood re- 
 tired from business. 
 
 In isi.') he married IMiss Jane Herenieu ^Un- 
 risou, youngest daughter of the late Major James 
 M(nrison, of St. Charles, and sister of the late 
 William M. Morrison (of the firm of Morrison it 
 
 Lockwood ), and of the first ]\Irs. (ieorgc Collier, 
 and Mrs. William G. Pettus, of St. Louis, and 
 Mrs. Yosti, of St. Charles. Mrs. Lockwood 
 died in 1848, leaving one son, William M. Lock- 
 wood, secretary of the St. Louis .\gvicuUural aud 
 Mechanical .Association. 
 
 In December, IS.')1, Mr. Lockwood married 
 .Miss Angelica Pcale Robinson, a daughter of 
 Archibald Robinson, of Jefferson county, \'ir- 
 ginia, and sister of George R. and Archi Robin- 
 son, of this city. Mrs. T.,ockwood is still li\ing. 
 ( )f this m arr i a g e 
 seven children were 
 born, \i/..: George 
 Robinson, Richard 
 Robinson, James 
 \'eatman, .V r c h i 
 Robinson ( who died 
 unmarried at Santa 
 b'e, Xew Mexico, in 
 Oct obc r, 1 8;»2), 
 Jcomi .Morrison ( now 
 .Mrs. Walker Hill), 
 Charles .\ndrews and 
 Sarah Bell. 
 
 Richard J. Lock- 
 wood was f(n- mau\' 
 \ ears a director in a 
 number of local cor- 
 porations, a m o n g 
 them the State Sav- 
 ings .\ ss o c i a tion 
 I now Slate Piank ) 
 aud .St. Louis Gas 
 Light Company. 
 He was an earnest Ciiristi.m and devout mem- 
 ber of the Protestant P^^iscopal Church, though 
 reared in the Methodist faith, his paternal grand- 
 father havingbeena memberof the first Methodist 
 church erected in Delaware, and his maternal 
 grandfather a minister of that denomination. 
 He was a liberal contributor to many charities 
 and an active member and di.strict visitor of the 
 Provident Association for many years. 
 
 .\ portrait of Mr. Lockwood, by Kichl)anm, 
 is in the possession of the Missouri Historical 
 Societv. 
 
566 
 
 OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 
 
 KURTZEBORX, AiGiST, SOU of Godfrey and 
 Dorothea Kurtzeborn, was born at Diez, Prussia, 
 June 1, 1840, and in his native place received 
 at the common schools the education usually 
 accorded the Cxerman youth. He was a pupil 
 in the schools of Diez until he emigrated with 
 his parents to America, the event occurring when 
 the lad was about fifteen years old. Reaching 
 St. Louis, he determined to make this his abid- 
 ing place, and here attended school for one year. 
 On completing his education, he chose the 
 jeweler's trade as an 
 avocation , and to 
 learn the business 
 entered the estab- 
 lishment of L. Ban- 
 man, a house that **^ 
 was established in 
 St. Louis in 1.S44. 
 
 It was in Januar\ , 
 18.^7, that he became \ 
 
 connected with the 
 
 house, and so steadi- "*' 
 
 ly and diligently did J^^ 
 
 he go about the busi- 
 ness, that, January 
 1, 1867, ten )ears 
 later, he became a 
 junior partner in the 
 house, the style of 
 the firm becoming 
 B a u m a n &; Co m - 
 pany. In 1872 Mr. L. \ 
 
 Baumau retired from 
 the firm and from 
 
 the business, and his two sons, Solomon and 
 Meyer Bauman, M. A. Rosenblatt and Mr. 
 Kurtzeborn succeeded to the proprietorship. In 
 1880 the membership of the firm was still fur- 
 ther reduced by the retirement of ]\Ir. Rosen- 
 blatt, owing to his election to the city collector- 
 ship. In 18.S2 the l)usiness was incorporated, 
 and Mr. Kurtzeborn became the company's 
 president. This office he held up to January 1, 
 18it4, on which date he purchased the firm's 
 retail department, and resigned the presidency 
 of the corporation. Since the above date he 
 
 has given his attention wholly to the retail 
 jewelry business, and is the head of one of the 
 soundest and most extensive houses in that line 
 in the West. For over thirty-seven years he 
 has been actively connected with that trade in 
 this city, and has seen St. Louis from a com- 
 paratively small city become the metropolis of 
 the West, and has seen the house with which 
 he was connected, from a small beginning build 
 lip a trade extending from the Alleghanies to 
 the Rockies; such a wide experience has made 
 of him an authority 
 on all the details of 
 his business, a line 
 of trade in which ex- 
 pert knowledge and 
 experience are of 
 paramount impor- 
 tance. As at present 
 constituted the 
 house of which he is 
 the head consists of 
 himself and his two 
 sons, August, Jr., 
 and Louis G. Kurtze- 
 born. 
 
 Mr. Kurtzeborn 
 holds membership in 
 both the Mercantile 
 and U n i o n clubs. 
 In fraternal club cir- 
 cles he is recognized 
 as a brother by mem- 
 bers of the Legion 
 of Honor, Royal .\r- 
 cauum and Woodmen of the World. He has 
 always taken an active part in the furtherance of 
 the city's interests in every legitimate manner, 
 and his reputation as a business man, as well as 
 a jeweler, extends far beyond the city limits. 
 
 In 18(it) Mr. Kurtzeborn was married to Miss 
 Lizzie Probst, daughter of ;\Ir. J. D. Kurlbaum, 
 of St. Louis. They have five children — August, 
 Jr., and Louis G., who assist their fatlier in the 
 jewelry business; Lilly, now ]\Irs. Wm. H. 
 Gregg, Jr.; Edwin, who is being educated at 
 Princeton, and another. 
 
 IZKBOkN. 
 
niOGRAPIIlCAL APPHNPIX. 
 
 -.67 
 
 Campkki.i., William C, son of Jesse and An- 
 nie (Stewart) Campbell, was iK.rn in New York 
 City, in 18ijr). 
 
 Mrs. Campbell died when he was only eleven 
 \ears of age, and six years later Mr. Campbell, 
 vSr., also died, leaving the subject of this sketch 
 jiracticalh' alone in the world with fonr brothers 
 Nounger than himself. 
 
 When quite a boy he went to work in a plan- 
 ing mill, learning the trade pretty thoroughly 
 in about four years, when he turned his atten- 
 tion to the furniture 
 business, and at the 
 age of seventeen oc- 
 cupied the responsi- 
 ble position of head 
 cutter in Dana & 
 Smith's furniture 
 factory, South St. 
 Lous, he luMing 
 come to this city 
 when a boy. 
 
 When only nine- 
 teen years old he 
 started business on 
 his own account. 
 His capital at this 
 time was but forty 
 dollars, and his 
 premises consisted of 
 one room, the rental 
 of which, including 
 power, was fifteen 
 dollars a month. 
 To this small estab- 
 lishment, which was located on Twenty-third 
 street, near Cass avenue, a partner was admitted 
 with a capital of one hundred and fifty dollars, 
 and seven months later the building was torn 
 down and Mr. Campbell bought the interest of 
 his partner. 
 
 ;\Ir. Campbell then purchased a twenty-fool 
 lot on Twenty-second street and erected a small, 
 but convenient brick building, in which he re- 
 sumed the manufacture of furniture, still renting 
 power, .\fter six months he associated himself 
 with a Mr. Dier and proceeded to organize the 
 
 WILLIAM C. CAMPBEl 
 
 Missouri Furniture Company, with a capital 
 stock of fi\'e thousand dollars. Mr. Campbell 
 was made president of the new company, which 
 at the end of three moutlis was compelled to in- 
 crease its capital and to build an addition to the 
 factory. 
 
 In IS.Sl' Mr. Campbell sold his stock in the 
 comjiany and, purchasing a lot on Thirteenth 
 street, near Cass avenue, he erected the factory 
 now occupied by the Scarritt F'urniture Com- 
 ]ianv. Here he continued for one year, when 
 he organized the 
 C a ni p b e 1 1-H e s s 
 M anu fact n ring Com - 
 ])any, with a capital 
 stock of seven thou- 
 sand five hundred 
 dollars. He shortly 
 afterwards bought 
 out -Mr. Hess and 
 changed the firm 
 name to the Camp- 
 bell Manufacturing 
 Company. 
 
 Mr. Campbell's 
 next venture was the 
 erectionof aten thou- 
 sand-doll ar build- 
 ing on a \ery eligi- 
 l)lc site at the cor- 
 ner of vSecond and 
 Hempstead streets, 
 in which a large 
 business was trans- 
 acted and seventh- 
 five skilled mechanics were kept busy. 
 
 .\fter a very prosperous career of four years 
 the Merchants' Terminal Railroad Company, 
 requiring the ground for their system, purchased 
 it, and tore down the factory. 
 
 .Mr. Campbell snb.sequently bought out the 
 St. Louis Glass Works Company on Broadway, 
 .Monroe and Xinth streets, paying thirty thou- 
 sand dollars for the plant. He tore down the 
 building and erected in its place one of the finest 
 furniture factories in the country. It occupies 
 a floor space of 300x1411 feet, is three stories high. 
 
568 
 
 OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 
 
 and is the largest factory of its kind under one 
 roof in tlie United States. The capital invested 
 in this magnificent structure and its equipments 
 amounts to over one hundred and thirty thou- 
 sand dollars, and there is a capacity for three 
 hundred men. The most costh- and j^erfect ma- 
 chinery in the market is to be found on the 
 premises, and the work put out is unexcelled. 
 
 Mr. Campbell's career has been an active one, 
 and the amount of capital and business he has 
 brought to St. Louis is enormous. He ranks 
 very high in com- 
 mercial and trade 
 circles, and is one of 
 the most popular em- 
 ployers of labor in 
 the West. He ships 
 goods both East and 
 North, as well as 
 South and West. 
 
 He has sisent near- 
 ly a quarter of a mill- 
 ion of dollars in the 
 erection and equip- 
 
 ment of factories in ! 
 
 St. Louis, and at this 
 writing he is but | 
 
 thirt>--se\-en years 
 o\A. He has been 
 engaged in a number 
 of enterprises out- 
 side of his business. 
 
 He has been a very ■■ ■ ^ 
 
 active member of t.he ,^,l 
 
 Knights of Honor, a 
 
 great reader, has traveled considerablv, and is 
 a strong Republican. 
 
 He married in 1874 Miss Mamie Dillon, and 
 has had two children, a boy and a girl. The 
 latter is still li\-ing, and is a handsome young 
 lady of fifteen. 
 
 Hatck, Lon.s, third son of the late Doctor 
 Charles F. Hanck, who came to St. Louis from 
 Germany in 18451, was born in St. Louis, March 
 8, 18")H. He was educated in the public 
 schools, and graduated from the High vScliool in 
 1877. 
 
 He entered the St. Louis Medical College in 
 1877, and graduated on March 5, 1880, at the 
 age of twenty-one. In April of the same year 
 he passed a successful examination for a posi- 
 tion as assistant physician to the City Hospital, 
 where he ser\e(l un- 
 til :\Iay, 18,S1. 
 
 He then entered 
 i n t o practice w i t h 
 his father, but in 
 August, 1.S.Sl\ went 
 to Europe to attend 
 the universities of 
 Berlin, \'ienna and 
 Strassburg. He re- 
 turned in August, 
 l''^8o, and resumed 
 the practice of his 
 profession with his 
 Ijrother, Dr. Eugene 
 F. Hanck, at the 
 old stand of his 
 father, who had died 
 during his absence 
 abroad. Heisamem- 
 ber of St. Louis 
 M ed ical Societ\'; 
 im^^ was for one year 
 
 chief surgeon South 
 Side Dispensary; is a member of Royal Ar- 
 canum, American Legion of Honor and Knights 
 and Ladies of Honor, and examining physician 
 for last two years. He is a member of Union 
 Club, Liederkranz, St. Louis Turn-\'erein and 
 Art Society. 
 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Al)l)ott, Will. C 
 Adams. Elmer R 
 Ailams, J. \V 
 
 .Agricultural 
 .\f;ricultural 
 
 iH<l Mechanical 
 Iniplemeuts 
 
 Allen, Chas. ClaHiii 
 Allen, K. T 
 Allen, C.eo. W 
 Alt, A.lolpli 
 
 American Central Kuild 
 Anderson, W. T 
 Annals of St. Louis 
 Annan, Thos. H 
 .\nne de Coup 
 .Anzeiger des Weslens 
 
 .Armstrong, David H 
 
 -Arnold, Henry 
 
 .\tcliison R. R. Sj'stem 
 Atkinson, Robert C 
 Atwood, John C 
 Autumnal l'"estivities .As 
 
 Bacon, Williamson 
 
 Baker, A. M 
 
 Baker, Jas. E 
 
 Baker, Jas. L 
 
 Baker. Joseph E 
 
 Baker, Win. J 
 
 Baltimore & Oliio 
 
 Bank of Si. Louis 
 
 Bank of State of Missouri 
 
 Bank Failures, None for Nine Vi 
 
 Bank, Official Statement of 
 
 Banner Building Year 
 
 Bannermau, Jss 
 
 Bar Association 
 
 Barlow, Stephen D 
 
 Baruett, Geo. I 
 
 Barnett, Geo! I) 
 
 Barstow, Chas. W" 
 
 Barton, Joshua 
 
 Base-Ball Champions 
 
 Hauduy, J. K 
 
 Bell, Nich. M 
 
 Bell. Leverelt 
 
 Bellefontaiiie, l-"ort, Established 
 
 Hellefontaine Railroad 
 
 Bench and Bar 
 
 P.\Gf5. 
 
 
 •xw 
 
 Benton, Thomas H 
 
 4.S!) 
 
 Hergin. M 
 
 ;i7ii 
 
 Bernays, A. C 
 
 5u; 
 
 Biebinger, Fred. W 
 
 S(i 
 
 Bierman, Lewis 
 
 27 
 
 Big Four 
 
 .")8 
 
 Biggs, W. H 
 
 :is;! 
 
 Blair, Jas. L 
 
 •")I7 
 
 Bliss, Harmon J 
 
 112 
 
 Hlodgett, Wells 11 
 
 :!l.-> 
 
 Blossom, Henry M 
 
 lis 
 
 BUimer, Esaias W 
 
 L'oS 
 
 Hoeckeler, Adolphus 
 
 17 
 
 Bohnier, JohuG 
 
 316 
 
 Bond, H. W 
 
 . 17 
 
 Boot and Shoe Interests 
 
 130 
 
 Booth. David S 
 
 142 
 
 Booth, John \ 
 
 3(1!) 
 
 Boulevard System 
 
 56 
 
 Bowmau. Sam'l 
 
 316 
 
 Boyd, T. B 
 
 538 
 
 Boyd, W. G 
 
 U. 12S 
 
 Bovle, Wilbur l' 
 
 
 Branch, Jos. W 
 
 
 Breweries 
 
 •2-2r, 
 
 Brick and Sewer I'ipe 
 
 443 
 
 Briggs. Waldo 
 
 4(!1 
 
 Bright, Jas. H 
 
 157 
 
 Bright, Wm 
 
 41S 
 
 Broadhead, Jas. O 
 
 436 
 
 Brockmau, Phil 
 
 5!l 
 
 Brokaw, A. Von 1. 
 
 IS 
 
 Brown, A. D 
 
 l!t 
 
 Brown, Geo. W 
 
 UO 
 
 Brownbacks 
 
 91 
 
 Brownell, B. H 
 
 114 
 
 Bryson. John I' 
 
 nil 
 
 Buck, M. M 
 
 IL'II 
 
 Building Associations 
 
 L'73 
 
 Building Improvenlellt^ 
 
 164 
 
 Building Permits 
 
 4.53 
 
 Builders' Exchange 
 
 322 
 
 Burleigh, W.J 
 
 IS 
 
 Burlington Route 
 
 S7 
 
 Busch, .Adolphus 
 
 542 
 
 Butler, Edw 
 
 2011 
 
 
 302 
 
 
 17 
 
 Cnble Road, First I-ranc 
 
 72, 77 
 
 Cairo Short Line 
 
 12S 
 
 Cale, Geo. Wni 
 
bio 
 
 GENERAL /NDEX. 
 
 Calhoun, James L 
 Cameron, Ed. A 
 Campbell, Lewis 
 Campbell, James 
 Campbell, Wm. C 
 Capen, Geo. D 
 Capital, Home and I-^oreign 
 
 Carlisle, James L 
 
 Carnival City of America 
 
 Carondelet 
 
 Cartter, Milo S 
 
 Cass Avenue and Fair Grounds Ry 
 
 Cathedral 
 
 Catholic Church, First Dedication 
 
 Census of 1890 
 
 Centenary Church, Corner-stone Laid 
 Central Reserve City, St. Louis Made 
 
 Chancellor, Eustalhius 
 
 Chappell, W. G 
 
 Chicago & Alton R. R 
 
 Chicago and .St. Louis, Race BeUveeu 
 
 Choral Society 
 
 Chouteau, Auguste 
 
 Chouteau, Charles Piern. 
 
 Chouteau Family 
 
 Chouteau, Pierre, Jr 
 
 Chouteau, Pierre 
 
 Christian Brothers' Colle.<,'e 
 
 Christopher, Jacob 
 
 Christy, Andrew 
 
 Chronicle 
 
 Church, Alouzo C 
 Churches of St. Louis 
 Church of the Messiah 
 Citizens Railroad 
 
 City Hall 
 
 City Halls Past and Present 
 
 City Limits, Proposed Extension of 
 
 Claiborne, James R 
 
 Clark, S. H. H 
 
 Clearings, Comparative Statement 
 Cleary, Redmond 
 
 Clover, Ashley C . 
 
 Clover Leaf Road 
 
 Coal Receipts for Ten Years 
 
 Cole, Amedee B 
 
 Collections of Water Rates . 
 
 Collins, Martin 
 
 Collins, Monroe R. Jr 
 
 Collins, R. E 
 
 Columbia Building 
 
 Columbia Club 
 
 Columbian Street Illuminations 
 
 Columbus, Statue of 
 
 Commercial Building 
 
 Commercial Club 
 Comparative Health Table 
 Compton Hill Reservoir 
 Concerts and High Opera 
 Convent of Sacred Heart 
 
 813 
 
 Conventions in St. Louis 
 
 348 
 
 Cook, D. G 
 
 476 
 
 Cook, Francis E 
 
 247 
 
 Copp, Sam'l 
 
 ■iCu 
 
 
 T., 310 
 
 Cotton Belt Road 
 
 •25 
 
 Cotton Exchange 
 
 .. L'87 
 
 County Electric Roads 
 
 S] 
 
 Cox, James 
 
 7S 
 
 Cram, George T 
 
 430 
 
 Crawford, Dugald 
 
 72, 75 
 
 Crawford, Hugh A 
 
 18, 124 
 
 Creveling, Wm. C 
 
 17 
 
 Crone, Christopher 
 
 31 
 
 Crow, Wayman 
 
 l!l 
 
 Crundeu, F. M 
 
 27 
 
 Cummings. J. C 
 
 287 
 
 Cunningham, E.Jr 
 
 , 5ti 
 30 
 
 D 
 
 Dalton, R. M 
 
 
 Daniel Webster's Visit. 
 
 
 Darst, Joseph C 
 
 l.{3 
 
 Davis, A. C 
 
 Nil, 132 
 134 
 
 Davis, John T. . 
 
 Degnan, Patrick H 
 
 Dellacella, Stephen. 
 
 41!l 
 
 Delano, R. J 
 
 Dierkes, Bernard 
 
 
 Dillon, Daniel 
 
 
 
 
 Douglas, Walter B 
 
 120 
 
 DowdalLJ.T 
 
 Drach, Chas. A 
 
 '•' 
 
 Drew, Francis A 
 
 112 
 
 Drummond, Jas. T 
 
 Dry Goods 
 
 . 300 
 264 
 
 Duels 
 
 Duffy, Jos. .\ 
 Durant, Geo. l' 
 
 4411 
 
 Dyer, John M 
 
 280 
 
 61 
 
 E 
 
 28 
 
 Eads Bridge and Terminal 
 
 515 
 
 Fames, W. S 
 
 110 
 
 Earthquake 
 
 .535 
 
 Easton Avenue, Development of 
 
 .-.30 
 
 Edenborn, Wm 
 
 39:! 
 
 I-;hrliar,lt, J. G. Dr 
 
 lOll^l-isenian, Beuj 
 
 1112 
 
 Klectricitv, Street Cars First Lighted 
 
 ■2- 
 
 Electric Car, First Run From St. Louis 
 
 117 
 
 Elks Club 
 
 97 
 
 Ellerbrock, H. A 
 
 20, 24 
 
 Ellis, Heurv G 
 
 111 
 
 Episcopal Church, First Erected 
 
 109 
 
 Equitable Building 
 
 125 
 
 Estep, T. I? 
 
 IS 
 
 Estes, Frank M 
 
 P.A.GE. 
 
 . 84-8.5 
 339 
 232 
 
 30S 
 49 
 61 
 20 
 74, 79 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 571 
 
 ving, Ma 
 Lpositioi: 
 
 Fagin Building 
 Fant, Fred. \V 
 Ferry, First Kstablishe 
 Ferguson, D. !■: 
 Ferriss, Franklin 
 Field. Jas. A 
 Finance and Banking 
 Fire Company, First ii 
 Fire-Proof Structures 
 Fisher, Cleves S 
 Fisher, Dan. D 
 
 Fisse, W. E 
 
 Fitzgibbon, James 
 Flitcraft, Pembrook K 
 
 Floods 
 
 Force, Houston T 
 Forster, O. F) 
 Fordyce, Sam. W 
 Foster, R. M 
 Fout, Fred. \V 
 Francis, D. R 
 Franciscus, Jas. M 
 Franciscus, J. M. Ji 
 French, Pinckney 
 Frost, D. M 
 Kruin.J 
 
 Fiiiikhouser, R. M 
 Furniture and Chairs 
 I'urniture Board of Tra 
 
 Gain on Eastern Ci 
 Gaiennie, Frank 
 Gale, Arthur H 
 Ganahl, John J 
 Garrison, D. R 
 Garrison, O. I, 
 Garesche, A. J. I' 
 Garesche, E. A. B 
 Gas Companies am: 
 Gauss, Chas. F 
 Gaylord, S A 
 Gehner, August 
 Gibson, C. E 
 Gibson, Sir Chas 
 Glasgow, Wm. C 
 Glenuy, John 
 Glogau, Emile W 
 Goldman, J. 1) 
 Gordon, John S 
 Gottschalk, Fred 
 
 Gould, Jaj- 
 
 Grand Avenue Brii 
 Granite Streets 
 Graves, S. C 
 Greeley, Carlos S 
 
 Thirtv Years 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 
 
 I'AGE. 
 
 10(i 
 
 Greene, F. S 
 
 
 562 
 
 •20, sr, 
 
 Greenwood, Moses Jr 
 
 
 249 
 
 
 Gregg, W. H 
 Griswold, J. I, 
 
 
 288 
 223 
 
 !I,S 
 4(18 
 
 Grocery Trade 
 
 
 17-48 
 
 17 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 ITS 
 
 Haarstick, Hy. C 
 
 
 L'50 
 
 L'lll 
 
 Haase, Chas 
 
 
 524 
 
 .-.:i4 
 
 S!) 
 18 
 
 Hagan, Oliver I, 
 
 Hagerman, James 
 Half-Million Buildings, T 
 
 wenty-Six 
 
 .5( l7 
 271 
 IdU 
 
 97 
 
 Hamniett, Benj. F 
 
 
 8IS 
 
 321 
 
 Haudlan, A. H. Jr 
 
 
 509 
 
 ■J6U 
 
 Hardware 
 
 
 48 
 
 441 
 .-p07 
 
 HarmonieCliili 
 Harper, John G 
 Harris, Wm. T 
 
 
 s 
 
 17, 111 
 
 Harrison, James 
 
 
 : l.'JS 
 
 521 
 
 Harrigan, Laurence 
 
 
 389 
 
 881 
 
 Hartley, Wm. 11 
 
 
 461 
 
 251 
 43U 
 
 Hauck, Louis 
 Hauck, E. F 
 
 
 568 
 551 
 
 408 
 
 Haydel. F. L 
 
 
 454 
 
 ;is, 175 
 
 14!l 
 
 Haydock.W. T 
 Haves, Jos. M 
 
 
 N2. 117 
 171 
 
 8-1(1 
 
 Haynes, John 1 
 Hays, Chas. M 
 
 
 471 
 560 
 
 277 
 
 Healthiest Larjje Citv in 1 
 
 llie World 
 
 m, 116 
 
 •")L'7 
 
 Hebrew Churches 
 
 
 125 
 
 3.87 
 
 Heckel, Geo. P 
 
 
 895 
 
 36 
 
 Hellmuth, Phil. F 
 
 
 4.59 
 
 .86 
 
 Heller, Michael J 
 
 
 456 
 
 
 Hereford, J. E 
 
 
 852 
 
 
 Herthel, Adolpli 
 
 
 820 
 
 31 
 
 Hezel, Walter M 
 
 
 524 
 
 ■i(i, KiS 
 
 Hibbard, H. W 
 
 
 258 
 
 Vli\ 
 
 Hiemenz. Hv. Jr 
 
 
 515 
 
 1811 
 187 
 
 Higdon, John C 
 
 Highest Building in St. I,^ 
 
 nui^i 
 
 450 
 
 9.>< 
 
 1811 
 
 High School 
 
 
 122 
 
 2!l(i 
 
 Hill, H. M 
 
 
 555 
 
 297 
 
 Hills, W. G 
 
 
 514 
 
 89 
 
 Hoffman, Sam'l 
 
 
 442 
 
 185 
 
 Holmau, M. L 
 
 
 482 
 
 882 
 
 Holthaus, Louis J 
 
 
 178 
 
 ■<2. 3()(i 
 
 Horse-Cars, Last Run Dow 
 
 n-Town 
 
 •Tl 
 
 883 
 1S3 
 
 Hospes, R 
 Hotels of the City 
 
 
 198 
 128 
 
 812 
 462 
 
 Hough, W 
 Houser. Dan. M 
 
 
 520 
 256 
 
 498 
 
 Howe. E. W 
 
 
 812 
 
 4(l(; 
 
 Hughes, C. H 
 
 
 240 
 
 424 
 
 Hughes, Wm. V. 
 
 
 309 
 
 461 
 
 Humphrey, 1-. W 
 
 
 187 
 
 96 
 
 Hunicke. Robert 
 
 
 487 
 
 112 
 
 Hunicke, W. G 
 
 
 827 
 
 24. 2<; 
 
 495 
 
 Huppert, W. V. 
 Huse, Wm. L 
 
 
 544 
 
 200 
 
 146 
 
 Hutchinson, R. R 
 
 
 3(;5 
 
572 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 I 
 
 Illumiuatioiis 
 
 Incorporation of St. Louis 
 
 Indians 
 
 Iron Industries 
 Isaacs, H G 
 Ives, Halsev C 
 
 Jacksouville Southeastern 
 
 Jacobson, Henry 
 
 James, F. L 
 
 Jannopoulo, I) 
 
 Jefferson Barracks 
 
 Jockey Club, First in the Cit\ 
 
 Jockey Club, St. Louis 
 
 Johnson, C. P 
 
 Johnson, Moses P 
 
 Jones, Geo P 
 Jones, Wni. C 
 Jones, Jas. C 
 Jones, Breckiiiricij;e 
 Joy, Chas. F 
 Judson, Fred. X 
 
 Kainie, Jas. H 
 Keber.J. B 
 Kehlor, Jas. B. W 
 Kenna, Ed. D 
 Kennard, Samuel M 
 Kershaw, J. M 
 Kilpatrick, Claude 
 King, Goodman 
 Kingsland, L. D 
 Kiusella, W. J 
 Kinealy, Michael 
 Kinealy, J. R 
 Kirchner, A. H 
 Klein, Jacob 
 Koenig, Wui 
 
 Krauss, John 
 
 Kuenzel, Andrew 
 Kurtzeborn, Aug 
 
 I. 
 
 Laclede Building 
 
 Lafayette 
 
 Laidley, Leonidas H 
 
 Lange, Wm. B 
 
 Lange, A. P 
 
 Langenberg, Fred. J 
 
 Largest Brewery 
 
 Largest Brick I'ailories 
 
 Largest Exclusive Carpet House 
 
 Largest Horse and Mule Market 
 
 Largest Hardware Establishment 
 
 Largest Inland Shoe Distributing 
 
 Largest Jail Factory 
 
 »AGH- 
 20 
 
 3S3 
 H04 
 212 
 20cS 
 ,160 
 4(59 
 .501 
 83 
 284 
 285 
 337 
 343 
 
 IS 
 328 
 462 
 .544 
 
 Largest Jean Factory 
 
 Largest Order for Steam Railroad Ca 
 Largest Shot Tower in .America 
 
 Largest Stamping Plant 
 
 Largest Shoe Factory 
 
 Largest Terra Cotta Factory 
 
 Largest Tobacco Factory 
 
 Largest Tobacco Output 
 
 Largest Woodenware Factory 
 
 Largest White Lead Factory 
 
 Largest Woodenware Establisliiiient 
 
 I<asher, Rob. E 
 
 Laughlin, Hy. I) 
 
 Law Library 
 
 Lawrence, J. J 
 
 Lead Industry 
 
 Lebrecht, Juo. C 
 
 Lee, Bradley 1) 
 
 Leighton, Geo. E 
 
 Lewis, Bransford 
 
 Lewis, J. M 
 
 Lewis, Martrom D 
 
 Lewis, Merriweather 
 
 Libraries, Public and Private 
 
 Liederkrauz 
 
 Liggett, J. E 
 Liguest, Pierre Laclede 
 Lindell Hotel 
 Lindell Railway 
 Link, Theo. C 
 Lindsley, DeC. I! 
 Lindsley, DeC. B. Jr 
 Liouberger, J. R 
 Live Stock Interests 
 Livingstone, Robert R 
 Lock wood, R. J 
 
 Long, E. H 
 
 Longan, Ed. E 
 Louisville & Nash 
 Lubke, Geo. W 
 Lucas, Charles 
 Lucas, James H 
 Lucas, J. B. C 
 Ludiugtou, Francis I 
 Ludwig, Chas. V. F 
 Luedingliaus, Hy 
 Luehrman, Chas. F ^^ 
 
 Lutz, Frank J 
 
 Lvnch, Geo. N 
 
 le Rail. 
 
 M 
 
 McClure, R. P 
 McCortnick. David 
 McCreery, W. C 
 McCullagh, Joseph B 
 McDonald, Marshall 
 McKeighan, J. I-; 
 McLaran, Rob. L 
 McNair, John G 
 McNair, Lil. G 
 
 432 
 
 358 
 476 
 224 
 50 
 45 
 .5(15 
 245 
 451 
 
 311 
 525 
 392 
 545 
 329 
 320 
 
 489 
 354 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 573 
 
 Maffitt, Charles C 
 Maliii, James D 
 Mallinckrodt, E 
 Mann, George R 
 
 Mausur, Alvali 
 
 Manual Training School 
 Manufactures, General 
 Marj' Institute 
 Marquette Club 
 Marshall, Wm. C 
 
 Martin, John I 
 
 Martin, Edward 
 Martin, Tilly A 
 Marriage, First in St. Louis 
 
 Mason, Isaac M 
 
 Masonic Charter, First iu St. Lou 
 
 Maxon, John H 
 
 Mayors of St. Louis 
 
 Meier, E. F. \V 
 
 Men's Clothing 
 
 Merchants' Bridge and Terminal! 
 Merchants' Exchange, History of 
 Merchants' Exchange, Preside; 
 
 Years 
 Mercantile Club 
 Mercantile Club Building 
 Mercantile Library 
 Mersmau, Otto L 
 Merrell, J. S 
 Merryman, John F 
 Methodist Churches 
 Meyer, C. F. G 
 Meysenburg, Theo. A 
 Miller, Thos. P 
 Miller, L. Cass 
 Missouri Bank 
 Missouri Botanical Gardens 
 Missouri Fire Company 
 Missouri, Kansas & Texas R R 
 Missouri Pacific System 
 Missouri Railway Company 
 Missouri Territory 
 Mobile & Ohio R. R. 
 
 Mofi5tt, John S 
 
 Money Center, St. Louis as 
 Mooney, Fletcher D 
 Moore, W. G 
 Morris, Thos. 
 Morgan, George H 
 Morton, Turner B 
 Mott, Fred. \V 
 Mullanphy Bank 
 Municipal Finances 
 Municipal Credit 
 Municipal Development 
 Municipal Street Sprinkliui; 
 Murphy, JI. J 
 Murphy, Jos 
 Murphy David 
 Museum of Fine .-^rts 
 
 PACE. 
 
 N 
 
 p.\r.n. 
 
 135 
 
 Napton, C. McC 
 
 307 
 
 477 
 
 Nasse, .\ug 
 
 374 
 
 .S2r, 
 
 Nelson, Lewis C 
 
 202 
 
 4:i7 
 
 Nelson, W. P 
 
 498 
 
 546 
 
 ll!l 
 
 New Buildings, Number of 
 New Buildings, Quality of 
 
 95 
 95 
 
 27 44 
 
 New St. Louis, How It Was Created 
 
 20-27 
 
 Hit 
 
 New Planters' House 
 
 27, 81, 84, 100 
 
 127 
 
 New Route to Alton 
 
 65 
 
 :hi7 
 
 New Union .Station, Description of 
 
 66-68 
 
 411 
 
 Newspapers 
 
 129 
 
 :<14 
 
 New Water-Works 
 
 27 
 
 .529 
 
 New Water-Works at Chain of Rocks 
 
 110 
 
 18 
 
 Nicholls, C. C 
 
 522 
 
 2.i4 
 
 Nicholson, Peter 
 
 192 
 
 18 
 
 Nidelet, J. C 
 
 355 
 
 199 
 
 Niemann, Gus. W 
 
 347 
 
 105 
 
 Nies, John A 
 
 319 
 
 4S.3 
 
 Nolker, W. F 
 
 33S 
 
 35 
 
 Noonan, E. A 
 
 no, 112. 274 
 
 27, 63-t>4 
 
 Noonan, Robert M 
 
 305 
 
 87 
 
 Noonday Club 
 
 99 
 
 liirty 
 
 Normal School 
 
 122 
 
 88 
 
 Normile.J. C 
 
 352 
 
 20, 126 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 o 
 
 
 UU, 123 
 
 O'Hara Heurv 
 
 459 
 
 ' .n 18 
 
 O'Reilly, Thomas 
 
 359 
 
 173 
 
 O'Reilly, M. B 
 
 421 
 
 471 
 
 O'Shea, Jos. M 
 
 114 
 
 124 
 
 O'Sullivan, John 
 
 424 
 
 179 
 
 Odd Fellows, First Lo.lgi- Established 
 
 19 
 
 313 
 
 Odd Fellows' Building 
 
 97 
 
 4.'53 
 
 Office Buildings, I-irc-Pr. o'^ 
 
 26, 96 
 
 307 
 
 Oklahoma and .St. Louis 
 
 46 
 
 IS 
 
 Oliver, Fielding 
 
 2(13 
 
 117 
 
 Omnibus Lines 
 
 70 
 
 17 
 
 Opp, Fred 
 
 . .390 
 
 58 
 
 Orr, Isaac H 
 
 499 
 
 59 
 
 Oir, Wni. A 
 
 505 
 
 74. 75. 77 
 
 Orrick, John C 
 
 362 
 
 IS 
 
 Orthwein, Chas. F 
 
 252 
 
 GO 
 
 Ottofy, L. Frank 
 
 3.59 
 
 82, 214 
 
 Overall, John H 
 
 220 
 
 93 
 
 
 
 511 
 
 P 
 
 
 518 
 
 Palmer, D. M 
 
 511 
 
 558 
 
 Parks of St. Louis 
 
 117 
 
 S8 
 
 Parks, Transportation to 
 
 7.-. 
 
 390 
 
 Parochial Schools and Colleges 
 
 122 
 
 533 
 
 Pattisou, Hugh T 
 
 365 
 
 m 
 
 Pauly, P. J 
 
 .■i3i; 
 
 114 
 
 Paxsou, Alf.A 
 
 209 
 
 ll.T 
 
 Peckham, O. H 
 
 386 
 
 1115 
 
 People's R. R 
 
 72 
 
 11 1 
 
 Peterson, L 
 
 474 
 
 107 
 
 Philharmonic Society 
 
 125 
 
 490 
 
 Pike, Sherman B 
 
 47! 
 
 4ti7 
 
 Pirie, Andrew H 
 
 4ta 
 
 119 
 
 Planters Hotel 
 
 3, 27, «1, 84, 100 
 
)74 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Piatt, Henry S 3GS 
 
 Pollard, Henry M :i"l' 
 
 Pollman, H. C -JSi 
 
 Polytechnic Building 118 
 
 Pontiac 1" 
 
 Population, Largest Within Five Hundred Miles Ra- 
 dius -iO 
 
 Porter, Wm 5'"'-i 
 
 Porter, Robert D., Superintendent of Census, on .St. 
 
 Louis 32, 53 
 
 Post-Dispatch 1^0 
 
 Prather, J. G ^"il 
 
 Prange, Fred. W 3'.I2 
 
 Presbyterian Church, First Erected IS 
 
 Presbyterian Churches 1-4 
 
 President Cleveland, Visit of Ss, HI 
 
 Priest, Henry S -I'-l 
 
 Prosser, Thos. J "'Sd 
 
 Public .School System l-'O 
 
 Public School, Free System Created lii 
 
 Pullis, Aug H,T 
 
 Pullis, T. R 410 
 
 Querl 
 
 Railroad Conventions 
 
 Railroads Centering in .St. Louis 
 
 Railroad Supplies 
 
 Railroads, Forecast in 1849 
 
 Railroad Growth iu Ten Years 
 
 Railroad and River Facilities 
 
 Ralph, Julian, on St. Louis 
 
 Ramsey, Charles K 
 
 Randall, J. Harry 
 
 Rapid Transit, The FIkIU for 
 
 Rapid Transit, History of 
 
 Rapid Transit, Influeuct of 
 
 Rapid Transit and Property Values 
 
 Realty Values 
 
 Reis, Hy. F - 
 
 Republic 
 
 Retail Center, St. Louis as a 
 Reyburn, Valle B 
 
 Reynolds, Thos. F 
 
 Reynolds, Mat. G 
 
 Rialto Building 
 
 Richardson, J. Clifford 
 
 Richardson, William C 
 
 Richardson, Jack P 
 
 Riesmeyer, Louis T 
 
 River Improvements 
 
 Rivers, Arrivals and Depaitures for Twent 
 
 Robinson, A. C 
 
 Robinson, E. C 
 
 Rock Church 
 Rohan, Phil 
 Rombauer, Rod. E 
 Rood, Horace E 
 
 r,4 
 
 53 
 
 53-7!) 
 
 53, S3 
 
 ... 458 
 
 . . 340 
 
 •22 
 
 70 
 
 15, 102, 103, 104 
 
 Roos, Leonard 
 
 Root, Aug. K 
 
 Rosenheim, .Alf. F 
 
 Rowse, E. S 
 
 Rowell, Clinton S 
 Rutter, Wm. A 
 Rutledge, Robt 
 Ryan, O'Neil 
 Ryan, Frank K 
 
 St. Ange de Bellerive 
 St. Louis Clearing House 
 
 St. Louis Club 
 
 St. Louis Railroad 
 
 St. Louis Sketch Club 
 
 St. Louis Theater Corner-Stone Laid 
 
 St. Louis Transfer Co 
 
 St. Louis T'niversilv 
 
 Sad 
 
 W. 
 
 M 
 
 .Samuel 
 .Sauerbruun, (ieo 
 
 Scheer, Jacob 
 
 Scheme and Charter 
 
 Schlegel, Robert .A 
 
 Schmidt, Hy. A .- 
 
 Schnelle, August H 
 
 School, First F;iiglish in St. Louis 
 
 School of Fine Arts 
 
 School Trustees First .Appointed 
 
 Schwarz, Dr. Henry 
 
 Schott, August H 
 Schotten, Hubertus 
 Schunman, C. H 
 Schraubstadter, Carl G 
 
 Scott, Thos. A 
 
 Scruggs, R. M 
 
 Scudder, Chas 
 
 Scudder, Rlisha G 
 Scudder, Jas. W 
 ScuUiu, John 
 Second Baptist Clunch 
 
 Security Building 
 
 Shapleigh, A. F . 
 
 Shapleigh, A. L 
 
 Shapleigh, J. B 
 
 Shaw, Henry 
 
 Sheltou, Theodore 
 
 Sherwood, Adiel 
 
 Shultz, J. A.J 
 
 Simmons, S. W 
 Simpson, Wm. S 
 Skinker, T. K 
 Smith, A. J 
 
 Smith, Ford 
 
 Smoke .abatement Association 
 
 Social .Advantages 
 
 Soldan, Frank L 
 
 Southern Hotel 
 
 South St. Louis Railway 
 
 \ 
 
I 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 575 
 
 Spanish Club 
 
 Spauuhorst, Henry J 
 Spelbrink, Louis 
 
 Speucer, H. N 
 
 Spiegelhalter, J 
 Stauard, E O 
 
 Star-Sayings 
 
 Stark, Chas.B 
 
 Steamboat, First to Reacb St. 
 
 Steedman, I. G. W 
 
 Stevens, A. T 
 
 Stewart A. C 
 Stifel, Otto F 
 Stoddart, Thos. A 
 
 Stoffel, R. J 
 
 Stoves and Ranges 
 
 Straub, Aug. W 
 
 Street Cars, First Run 
 
 Street Car Manufacturers 
 
 Street Illuminations 
 
 Street Paving 
 
 Street Railroads, ISIIL'-O:) Com 
 
 Street Railroads, I'irst Trip 
 
 Suburban Railroad 
 
 Summer Gardens 
 
 Swasey. \V. Alljert 
 
 Swift, \\m. H 
 
 Tally. J. A 
 Tansey, Geo. J 
 Tansey, R. P 
 Taussig, Geo. \V 
 Taylor, D. S 
 Tavlor, Isaac S 
 Teichmaun, Chas. II 
 Ten Broek, G. II 
 Terry, J. H 
 Thalniann, li 
 
 Theaters 
 
 The Burlington Bridges 
 
 Thompson, Wm. H 
 
 Thompson, Geo. II 
 Thoroughman, Thomas 
 Tobacco and Cigars 
 Tower Grove Park 
 Tra<le With Mexico 
 Trade and Commerce 
 Traffic Commission 
 Transfer System, Introduc 
 
 Trinity Church 
 
 Tnholski, Herman 
 Turner, T. T 
 Turner, John \V 
 Turner Buihliug 
 Tult, Thos, K 
 
 :i7-47 
 45-0-2 
 
 T T ■-.VOK. 
 
 Union Club 127 
 
 Union Trust Huildiug 9S 
 
 Union Depot, Old 20 
 
 I'nion Depot Railway "2, 77 
 
 United States Bank 18 
 
 University Club 127 
 
 V 
 
 Valle, Jules l' .3^9 
 
 Valliant, L. B 301 
 
 Vandalia Railroad (il 
 Veiled Prophet 2ll, 23, 7!) 
 
 Viernow, Gus. M >t. 434 
 
 Vogel, Chas. F 438 
 
 w 
 
 Waiuwright Building 1110 
 
 Walbridge, Cyrus P 212 
 
 Walsh, Julius S 153 
 
 Walsh, Edward 151 
 
 Walker, D. D I'.m; 
 
 Walker, Robt 30.5 
 
 Ward, Thos. J . 443 
 
 Warner, Chas. G 261 
 
 Washington University Charlen d 10, lis 
 
 Washington Observatory 1111 
 
 Waterhouse, Sylvester 233 
 
 Water-Works, First in City 18 
 
 Water Service, History of 10,s 
 
 Water Commissioners, Board of iC) 
 
 Watson, Howard .((12 
 
 " We Have Moved " 130 
 
 Wehner, Chas. E 3711 
 
 Wells. Eraslus 7|. \\\ 
 
 Wells, Rolla 3i;3 
 
 Wenneker, C. I' ."04 
 
 Wenzlick, Albert 403 
 
 West, Thos. H 226 
 
 West, Stillman .\ 399 
 
 Westliche Post 130 
 
 Wetmore, M. C 82-84 
 
 Wheat and Grain 50 
 
 Whittemore, F. C 396 
 
 Whittemore, R. B 382 
 
 Whitaker, Edwards 509 
 
 Whitman, Chas. Ed 265 
 
 Wilkerson, Edward 254 
 
 Williams, E. F 230 
 
 Woerner, J. G 197 
 
 Wolff, Geo. P 433 
 
 Wolff, Ed. B 231 
 
 Wveth. H. B 401 
 
 , Jas. '.