»i: .f^ <5>- * o « o ^* V > ^'% ^?t/» V,7?<,\ %-_ AMi-V," .* ^V HO, A^ ^K ^ :/^"^^.. ^^&*" -^^^^ o>'^-.0-^ ^V ^^. OV" "-o' > ^-./' ••'^■•t %.*^ ■ • .>^^"t "■%.^*"' •■' .s^'% ■rf^. 05. •. N> •• >P^^. ^0' ^-^^^ ^^-^. (: "^^-Z .0^ .^" ^0 ^^ '^ .^' ,.0 xOvN *»••**••' On the Lehigh Valley The Great Double Track Scenic Highway #^ NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA TO BUFFALO AND NIAGARA FALLS Issued by The Passenger Department loot CHARLES S. LEE A. A. HEARD Gen'l Passenger Ag't Ass't Gen'l Passenger Ag't HENRY H. KINGSTON Gen'l Traffic M'g'r 26 Cortlandt Street New York Copyrighted, 1900, by Chas. S. Lee, General Passenger Agent Lehigh Valley Railroad. Second Edition, 1901 r*-„ ife^r ■ 1 HIS brochure is designed to JL acquaint the traveling pub- lic, patrons of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, with the scenic attractions, cities and towns on its line between the seaboard and the great lakes, as seen from the windows of its elegantly-equipped and fast-moving trains. It will, as a matter of course, not enter into an extensive historical exposition of the municipalities, nor draw elaborate pen pic- tures of the many scenic beauties which lure thousands annually into their delightful con- fines, but it will, in a concise way, point out what we believe would be the answer to leading questions asked by the traveler or tourist passing over the route. NEW YORK — Population, 3,437,202. The metropolis of America, and the center of its business activity. Take the ferry at the commodious depots, foot of West 23d, Des- brosses or Cortlandt streets. New York, or Brooklyn Annex, foot of Fulton Street, for Jersey City. JERSEY CITY — Population, 206,433; i mile from New York. A great industrial center. On leaving the ferryboat, a walk through the finely-arched station, with refreshment rooms, waiting rooms, and every convenience and comfort for travelers, leads one to the train platforms. Here an official carefully attends to the wants of all, until seats are found in the luxuriously fitted coaches. NEWARK — Population, 246,- 070; 8.7 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 6.5 ft. I| V The chief city of the State of New Jersey and possibly the most important manu- facturing center in the en- I \^' tire Union. Iron, steel and •^ jewelry vie with the manu- factories of textile fabrics, leather and cel- luloid goods. Breweries, malt houses, car- riage factories, and wood industries of every class are met with on every hand. Chemical works and silk mills are prominent. The cloth- ing factories are the largest in the country. ELIZABETH — Population, 52,130; 12.7 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 35 ft. A manufacturing and residence city. The Lehigh Valley station is located at what is locally known as Lyons Farms, within ten minutes ride by street-car line of the center of the city. ROSELLE — ALDENE^CRANFORD — PICTON — ASH BROOK — OAK TREE Towns in which New York business men make their homes, finding in fresh country 4 air and rural surroundings many advantages over life in the great and crowded city. SOUTH PLAINFIELD — 26.6 miles from New York; elevation above sea level, 69.4 ft. The point of divergence of the Lehigh Valley Railroad for its coal and freight traffic to its immense wharves at Perth Amboy, one of the first ports of entry in the United States, established in 1683 and incor- porated in 1784. The Lehigh Valley Railroad Company's freight yards and the large Government bonded yards are im- portant factors here. It is the great tidal shipping point for coal to New York and New England points. NEW MARKET — WEST DUNELLEN - BOUND BROOK— SOUTH SOMERVILLE— FLAGTOWN— Centers of agricultural pursuits, with sub- urban homes, also for the business men of the manufacturing towns along the coast. NESHANIC — THREE BRIDGES — Quaint hamlets nestling among the hills, and through which a branch of the Raritan winds, making them delightful, though lim- ited, summer resorts. FLEMINGTON JUNCTION —Elevation above sea level, 130 ft. Lehigh Valley Railroad, connection ^^ with the Flemington Branch, two miles long. FLEMINGTON — Population, 2,100; 52.7 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 175 ft. Flemington is the coun ty seat of , Hunterdon ^^''-^«'■^' k- m County. Many New Yorkers find desirable summer homes here. The center of a rich farming and J ) e a c h - g r o w i n g district. STANTON — A rural hamlet, '" -^-r the center of an extensive peach-growing district. LANSDOWN — 57.7 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 190.6 ft. CLINTON — Population, 816; elevation above sea level, 194 ft. PITTSTOWN — Elevation above sea level, 386.2 ft. Lansdown is the junction of the Clinton and Pittstown branches of the Lehigh Val- ley Railroad. Both Clinton and Pittstown are centers of agriculture and of a rich dairy region. The social life is enjoyable, and many city people prefer to spend the summer here. Guests are taken by a number of private families. JUTLAND — PATTENBURG — Both, stations in a farming district contain- ing large peach orchards, from which thou- sands of baskets of choice Jersey peaches are annually shipped. Pattenburg is at the east- ern entrance of the Musconetcong Tunnel, a remarkable piece of engineering skill, 280 feet less than a mile in length, double tracked. The Musconetcong Mountain, a spur of South Mountain, is the natural water- shed of New Jersey, the waters flowing east- 6 f ward into Raritan Bay and westward into the Delaware River. W^EST PORTAL — BLOOMSBURY — KENNEDY — Stations in a rich farming district. On the distant mountain top is seen the fine building of Paxinosa Inn at Easton. PHILLIPSBURG, N. J. — Population, 10,052; 76.6 miles from New York; elevation above sea level, 221.2 ft. From its earliest days iron has been its source of wealth. The Andover Iron Works, the oldest in the State, are seen on the left on entering the town. Cannon and solid shot were here cast for use in the Continen- tal army. In addition to its large furnaces it has a large silk mill, several foundries and boiler works. The Morris Canal here is an interesting item. Loaded boats are carried by plane from the lower level to the upper. Connection zs here tnade with the Belvidere Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and the Morris and Essex Division of the Dela- ware, Lackawanna &^ Wester?i Railroad. EASTON, PA.— Population, 25,238; 77 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 217.4 ft. Having crossed the Delaware, the traveler is ushered into Pennsylva- nia at Easton, called by the great Proprietor, Wm. Penn, "the Forks of the Delaware," and who caused this town to be founded (which was laid out in 1737), and named by Penn in honor of his father-in-law. Lord Pomfret, whose 7 county seat in English Nortliampton bore that name. The Forlcs of the Delaware included the entire territory between the Lehigh and Delaware rivers as far north as the Kitta- tinny or Blue Mountains, and was occupied by a part of the Delaware Nation, until the lands were released to Wm. Penn in the year 1 718. The city is on the right. On the heights, beyond the closely built portion of the lower end, is seen the Lafayette College buildings, and beyond them, on the crest of the mountain, Paxinosa Inn. This hotel, situated so as to command a view for many miles in all directions, is of modern construc- tion, supplied with all conveniences for the comfort of guests, and is reached from the city below by trolley car service, making it a model resort for summer tourists from New York and Philadelphia, on account, not only of its accommodations, but also by reason of its proximity to the cities above mentioned. On the eminence now named Plateau Paxi- nosa, the great Indian pow-wows were held in the days of the red man's supremacy here. The river Lehigh here joins the Delaware. Across the river, above Easton, the works of the National Switch & Signal Company and the extensive works of the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Company evidence the industrial life. Connection /s made at this point tvith the Easton &^ Northern Railroad for Nazareth and the slate fields. SOUTH EASTON — Population 7,000; 77.9 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 206.8 ft. The town to the left is South Easton. Its industries are large wire mills, cotton mills and bridge shops close to the Lehigh Canal, on the right, while to the left are the exten- sive shops of the Lehigh Valley Rail- road. glendon — island park — At the last named place, genuine water lilies {NelitnibiiDn spcciosinn) are found in abundance and are gathered by picnic parties organized for the purpose. REDINGTON A cluster of houses on the right. Lehigh Con- struction Company's works on the left. FREEMANSBURG— When canals ruled su- preme, before railroads triumphed, the boat yards here were centers of in- dustry. The furnace on the right is the aban- doned Northampton. On the hillside, to the left, the Lehigh Zinc & Iron Company have an extension. SOUTH BETHLEHEM — Population, 13,241; 88.6 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 237 ft. BETHLEHEM — Population, 7,293; elevation above sea level, 267 ft. WEST BETHLEHEM — Population, 3,46s; elevation above sea level, 287 ft. A short distance below the station, to the left, there stretches, for over a mile, the great forge and ordnance works of the Bethlehem Steel Company. Organized in 1857, the first stack was " blown in " January 4, 1863. The plant, originally an iron rail mill, ran for many years on rolling-mill work, until 1879, when the manufacture of iron was prac- tically abandoned, and particular attention was given to muck bar of high grade, steel rails, special grades of Bessemer steel, and iron shapes. The plant now is one of the largest steel- rail mills in the countrj^ and the largest steel forge in the world. Foreseeing the needs of the United States Government for a forge where modern guns and armor plate could be manufactured, this company erected one during the five years intervening between 1886 and 1891, which even then was second to none in existence, and its capacity has since been increased to such an extent that it now stands preemi- nently superior to all others. Here has been made more then half the armor plate supplied to our navy, besides material of the same character for vessels of foreign navies — notably Russia and Japan. It was at this plant that the Harveyized plate was manufactured, which, when subjected to the most severe tests, shattered all the steel projectiles fired at it without being penetrated or cracked. Guns of all sizes and de- scriptions, from the 4-inch, 5-inch and 6-inch rapid-fire types used in the navy, complete with their mounts, to the 1 2-inch and 13- inch breech -loading army rifles for coast defense, have been forged and put to- gether here, the lat- ■ ter being supplied, when wanted, with disappearing car- riages. Forged parts of guns now build- ing by the United ^^ States Government are also made here. Among the notable forgings of this character are those of the 1 6-inch army guns, the largest ever made, weighing complete about 126 tons, and the Gathmann dynamite gun, 18 inches in diam- eter. In addition to ordnance, the company's works include marine engine forgings of all kinds for the Government. The shafts and other engine forgings which contributed so materially to the wonderful success of our navy during the American-Spanish War were all turned out at this forge. Nor is the character of the work under- taken confined to Government orders, for commercial forgings of all descriptions and sizes are a considerable part of the output. The vessels which ply the ocean, our rivers and inland lakes, the great stationary engines which generate power to drive electric rail- ways and operate huge factories, are equipped with Bethlehem forgings. These include the largest shafts ever made for purposes of this character. This company's plant for the manufacture of hollow and other steel forgings, heavy shafting, guns and carriages, armor plate and castings of every size and kind, is equal to any, and produces work to compete with that of the finest English and German firms. Officers as inspectors for Government require- ments are stationed here. To the privileged visitor, the forging and testing of the monster armor plates, and the wonderful precision required for the deli- cately fine castings, are alike equally fascinat- ing. An excellent view of the extent of the works may be had from the train, as the Lehigh Valley Rail- road runs for nearly two miles between the river and buildings. On the opposite side of the river is the beau- ll tiful Niskey Hill Ceme- tery ; on the left, just beyond the works of the Bethlehem Steel Com- pany, is the large plant of the Lehigh Zinc & Iron Company, organ- %l ^1 ized in 1853. Back of ^ ^^ this is the closely built portion of South Bethlehem, while across the river the old town of Bethlehem is seen crowning the hills. Near the station, which is on the south side, and to the left of the train, are the offices of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, in the rear of which, on an eminence, is the beautiful home of Mr. E. P. Wilbur. On the right, as the train moves onward, is Calypso Island, used exclu- sively for Sunday school and family picnics ; in the rear of the island is seen the Cutter Silk Mill, and beyond, on the crest and hill- side, the borough of West Bethlehem. Bethlehem was founded in 1741 as a Moravian colony for mission work among the aborigines. This religious order, having its origin in the twelfth century among the Piedmontese peasantry, is the oldest Protes- tant Church in existence. Its simple and beautiful forms of service are still maintained and the admirable characteristics of its people have been deeply impressed upon the entire region. Bethlehem has for a century and a half been regarded as a great educational center, and it still maintains a claim to supe- riority. Lehigh University, located at the base of Lehigh Mountain, on the south side, is an honored institution. Bishopthorpe (Episcopal) and the Moravian Seminary for young ladies are both most worthy educa- tional institutions. The theological seminary of the Moravian Church has a fine new build- ing, and in it will continue to sustain its good reputation. St. Luke's Hospital, established through the munificence of Mr. Asa Packer, is located here at the base of Lehigh Moun- tain. There are many other industries in this triple town, each with its busy circle of dependent workers. Connection is here made %vith the BetJilehem Branch of the Philadelphia (Sn> Reading Railway for Philadelphia, Balti- more and Washington. ALLENTOWN — Population, 35,416; 93.4 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 250.3 ft. The prison tower is the first object to attract attention on the right ; then, as the curve is made, it, with the city proper, is on 13 the left. The Iowa Barb Wire Works are seen to the left just before entering the station. From the car windows to right and left the old stone bridge, erected in 1837, can be seen. The Lehigh Val- ley depot at this point is one of the finest in the State. CoJi- 7icction is here made with the East Pennsyl- vania Branch of the Phila- k,,^ del p Ilia &^ Reading Rail- way for Reading and Harrisbiirg. Allen- town is the Queen City of the Lehigh Valley. Its many and varied industries, 250 in all, with iron as the predominant power, are well worthy of a visit. Its furniture frame fac- tories are second only in importance in the Union. To the right the largely extended works of the Adelaide Silk Mills employ twelve hundred people. The AUentown Spinning Company's large thread mills arc at the Gordon Street station on the left. The works next on the left are the AUentown Hardware Company's plant. The Pioneer Silk Mill and the West End Silk Mill are on the West End Branch of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, bearing away to the left at the hardware company's plant. The AUentown 14 Rolling Mills, an important plant, are next seen on the right. FULLERTON — On both sides of the road are seen the extensive car works of McKee, Fuller & Co. ; and then on the right stand the mills of the Catasauqua Manufacturing Company. Trav- elers should note the huge piles of slag across the river from this point onward. As the motto of to-day is, " Let nothing be wasted," this refuse of the furnaces is used in making cement and brick. CATASAUQUA — Population, 3,963; 97.1 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 2S4.9 ft. The Davies & Thomas foundry and machine plant across the river at this point is an important industry. The old flour mill seen to the right also has long been a landmark, and next to it is the new Wahnetah Silk Mill. Standing out in bold relief are the towering stacks of the Crane Iron Company, where anthracite coal was first used in manufactur- ing iron. Catasauqua station proper is now reached, and still to the right and across the river a number of industrial plants line the bank of the canal for some distance. Connec- tion is here made with the Catasauqua &-=> Fogelsville Railroad leased by the Philadelphia &^ Reading Railway. HOKENDAUQUA— This town is an offshoot of Catasauqua, because " Iron is King," and demands space for this powerful development. The finely equipped works of the Thomas Iron Company are here located. COPLAY— Population, 1,581. The cement center of the Lehigh Valley. The large works on the left above the station are the cement works. Connection made Jiere luith the Ironton Railroad for Egypt, /ronton. Sieger sville and Oreficld. CEMENTON— The cement industry has of late years flour- ished greatly here, and from this the town derives its present name. LAURY'S — 102.8 miles from New York; elevation above sea level, 330 ft. The center of a rich farming district and a noted and select summer resort. The island to the right has become one of the best known and most popular picnic grounds in this part of the State. CHERRY FORD— ROCKDALE — The last named, center of an agricultural district. This point has some historical in- terest, from the fact that the opposite side of the river was the favorite camping ground of the Indians e)i route to and from the wig- wams of the Delawares on the flats at Phil- lipsburg. New Jersey, and those of the Shaw- neeson the Shawnee flats in Wyoming Valley. SLATINGTON— Population, 3,773; 109.5 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 367 ft. The long railroad bridge seen on the right, just before arriving at this station, is the Lehigh & New England Railroad bridge. On the left is an extensive wood-work- ing plant, and the new rolling mills, destined to in- crease the importance of Slatington. -^' ^ i/Tjt- o .-vr^i/^rcj BIRD'S-EYE MAP Lehigh Valley Railroad Route of the BLACK DIAMOND EXPRESS •^■T, ,-i^^ Musco- netcong Mountain ■■ri*t, . The town stands on the hill to the left and a quarter of a mile from the depot. Slate is here manufactured into everything possible or probable — mantelpieces, lavatories, sur- basing, stairs, tiling, blackboards, school and roofing slates. About one thousand boys and girls are employed in the school slate factories to be seen just beyond the station. Coniicciion is here made with tJie Slatedale Branch, also the Schuylkill &^ Lehigh Branch of the Philadelphia &^ Reading Railway and the Lehigh &^ Neiu England Railroad for Katellen, Wind Gap, Pen Argyl, Bangor, Port- land and Hainesbiirg. LEHIGH GAP — III. 4 miles from New York ; eleva- tion above sea level, 391.9 ft. Here the Lehigh River bursts through the Blue Mountains. A hotel, with several annex buildings and fine grounds, may be seen on the left. It enjoys great popularity in sum- mer. Beyond and across the river, the long two-storied stone-built inn, with porch also two stories, was a famous relay station in colonial days. LIZARD CREEK JUNCTION — Connection is here made with the Pottsville Branch of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, 19 which passes through a rural district for many miles, touching at Balliet, German's, Andreas, Longacre, West Penn, Dorset, Kep- ner, Rene Mont, Rausch's, McKeansburg, Frisbie, Orwigsburg, Spring Garden Junction, Schuylkill Haven and Pottsville. BOWMAN'S — PARRYVILLE - The picturesque cluster of stacks and fur- naces seen to the right were originally iron furnaces, but competition made them a non- paying investment, and for years they were idle. The plant is now worked by the Carbon Iron & Steel Company, and its product is cast-iron pipe, for which ready sale is found. LEHIGHTON — Population, 4,629; 119.3 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 466.7 ft. WEISSPORT — Population, 601; elevation above sea level, 481.7 ft. Lehighton to the left and Weissport to the right are the oldest settlements in this sec- tion. Here, in 1745, the Moravian Colony established a frontier mission, calling it Gnadenhiitten (tents of mercy). Its pros- perity was great. The Indians willingly ac- cepted Christianity and in every possible way tried to emulate their white brethren. Fields and gardens bloomed as the rose, and the settlement was happy and contented until dissensions between the white and red men grew and spread over the section, culminat- ing in the Braddock campaign and defeat (1755), ^^'^ did not end until the Christian Indians and their teachers with their families were killed (1757). The pretty mission was totally destroyed. The fertile soil, however, soon caused the places to be populated again. But the Lehigh Valley Railroad devel- oped the mineral wealth, and the mills on right and left are of greater importance now than the agricultural pursuits. PACKERTON — 120.7 miles from New York; eleva- tion above sea level, 501.3 ft. This is the large yard of the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Trains car rying coal to the seaboard are made up here, and the weigh ing of the coal keeps many men busy. At the shops at this point nearly all the freight cars now in use by the company were made, as well as the great major ity of the coal cars. MAUCH CHUNK — Population, 4,029 ; 122.2 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 548.6 ft. Pronounced Mok Chunk, the Indian for Bear Mountain. This is justly termed the Switzerland of America. Mount Pisgah and the Switchback can be seen on the left. The handsome residences against the mountain side at the base of Mount Pisgah are those of the Packer and Leisenring families. Mauch Chunk is built in natural terraces above and around the val- ley of the creek. The Mansion House and the former general offices of the Lehigh Valley Railroad are prominent build- ings to the left of the train. The Switchback carries over 40,000 passengers annually bent on sight- seeing. The anthracite coal of the Lehigh region was first discovered On the Lehigl ^ near here by Philip Giinter. To the right is Bear Mountain. Its rocky sides, cut into, reveal the history of the past, in the con- gealed mass that was once molten. Ai tliis point the change zs made for points in the coal regions. As the train moves forward, East Mauch Chunk is seen lying to the right, while on the left there are the immense coal pockets, making an interesting feature in the landscape. Here the coal shipped by canal is loaded into the boats. Still onward, and Mount Pisgah plane is seen distinctly at the left, and in a few minutes Glen Onoko is reached. Lehigh University GLEN ONOKO — 125 miles from New York; eleva- tion above sea level, 593.4 ft. A park and dell replete with charming attractions, made accessible and fitted up for the convenience of excursion parties by the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company. It is the annual rendez- vous of hundreds of excursion parties from points as distant as New York and Philadelphia. The falls and cas- cades are both varied and beautiful. The pavilions, swings, merry-go- rounds, etc., are most enjoyable. Winding along the tor- tuous Lehigh, the scenic attractions are very enthu- siastically commented on. The wire bridge spanning the Lehigh, a mile or two from the Glen, is part of the " pipe line "constructed to more easily convey the coal oil from the wells to the New York market. PENN HAVEN JUNCTION — 130.S miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 728 ft. In the earlier days this point was one of the bus- iest on the Lehigh. Im- mense coal pockets re- ceived the coal from the cars, and through chutes it was loaded into the boats of the Lehigh Canal and trans- ported to market. The great freshet of 1862 put an end to this, and the coal thereafter was shipped by rail. The coal branches of 23 the Lehigh Valley Railroad diverge at this point, and the traveler or tourist is by them taken to the great anthracite centers of Lehigh and Schuylkill, viz: Hazleton, Pottsville, Mahanoy City, Shenandoah, Ashland, Mount Carmel, Delano, Morea, Au- denried, Jeanesville, Beaver Meadow, Freeland, Jed do, Drifton, etc., the change of cars being made at Mauch Chunk. As the train crosses the Lehigh here the abandoned .rr"' planes of the Hazleton Coal Company can be seen to the left. STONY CREEK — DRAKE'S CREEK — HICKORY RUN — Tributaries to the Lehigh, and favorite streams with local Izaaks, for fine-flavored trout. 24 WHITE HAVEN— Population, 1,517 ; 145.7 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 1,144 ft. In the earlier days the great lumber center of the Lehigh. The only remaining industry is the kindling-wood factories, seen on the right across the river. Connection is here also tnade with the branch trains for the Hazleton and Schuylkill coal fields. BEAR CREEK JUNCTION — 151. 7 miles from New York. BEAR CREEK— Elevation above sea level, 1,519 ft. The Dear Creek Branch of the Lehigh Valley Railroad here Joins the main line. This branch is six miles long, leading into the Bear Creek lumber district. An artificial lake at this point supplies the road with clear, pure ice for its trains. GLEN SUMMIT — 156.4 miles from New York; ele- vation above sea level, 1,723.8 ft. A most popular summer colony clustered round the large and comfortable hotel. From the porches of the hotel the view of the valley and ranges is magnificent, and the sunrise is only rivaled by the sunset. The cottages are owned by New York, Philadel- phia and Wilkes-Barre business men, and every year adds to their number. The air and water are perfection. FAIRVIEW— The point of the intersection of the Moun- tain Cut-Otf, a short line devoted to freight. A sort of a terminal and relay station for locomotives. After leaving the summit, the finest view is on the right, although that to the left excels many a noted scene. Here the most 25 experienced travelers all agree that nowhere else in the world is there such a magnificent panorama of terraced hills as that surround- ing the Wyoming Valley and Susquehanna River. In the freshness of spring verdure it is exquisite in coloring ; in hot summer, laurels, rhododendrons and flowers of every hue make it hanging gardens of beauty ; in autumn, the gorgeous colorings of crimson, brown and gold alike defy pencil and pen. " Once seen never forgotten." NEWPORT — WARRIOR RUN- SUGAR NOTCH — All centers of anthracite coal trade. WILKES-BARRE— Population, 51,721 ; 176 miles from New York ; elevation above sea level, 553.2 ft. County seat of Luzerne County. Connec- tion is here made with Pennsylvania Division of the Delaware