■^. REV. WM. A. HOUGHTON. HISTORY TOWN OF BERLIN WORCESTER COUNTY, MASS., FROM 1784 TO 1895. By WILLIAM A. HOUGHTON. WORCESTER, MASS.: F. S. Blanchard & Co., Printers, 154 Front Street. 1895. ;0w. TO THE SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF THE TOWN OF BERLIN, WHETHER AT HOME OR ABROAD, WHO RETAIN AX INHERENT LOVE FOR THE PEACE OF THEHl BUITH, AND TO ALL OTHERS WHO BY KINSHIP OR RESIDENCE STILL HAVE AN INTEREST IN THE TOWN, THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULIA' DEDICATED. Rev. Geo. F. Pratt. E. C. Shattuck. Hon. Wm. Bassett. P. B. SouTHwicK, Es(^ Miss Phebe Holder. PREFACE. In presenting this volume to the public, it becomes the duty of the committee who have had the work of completing and publishing the "History of Berlin," which was begun by the Rev. Wm. A. Houghton about the year 1885, briefly to relate the circum- stances attending the publishing of this work. The work of Mr. Houghton, in the first place, consisted of collecting the family records of the early settlers of the town. In this he spent much time and labor, but as time went on, his interest in the work increased until he resolved to combine with the ancient records those of modern times, embracing all the families now living here, and also to combine in the work a brief history of the town. The distinguishing feat- ure of his work was evidently to be genealogical rather than historical, and the whole when com- pleted was to be about one-half the size of this, volume. He labored alone, without proffered as- sistance or assurance of reward, until 1889, when the town took the matter up and chose a committee of two, consisting of William Bassett and E. C. vShat- tuck, to assist Mr. Houghton in his work, but the committee in this case were merely honorary mem- bers, never having performed any service during the lifetime of Mr. Houghton. After the death of Mr. Houghton, the town took further action and chose the Rev. George F. Pratt, VI PREFACE. Pliny B. vSouthwick and Phebe A. Holder to be added to the committee already chosen. We were fortunate in securing the manuscripts before the bui-ning of his house, but his portraits, sufficient in number for the book, were lost in the conflagration, together with the excellent steel plate from which they were made. The manuscripts, as they came into the hands of the committee, required more than ordinary assiduity and patient research in order to understand what was written, and this may be reasonably attributed in a large degree to the pe- culiar chirography of the writer, as also to the numerous erasures and interlineations of the text. The only solution of the difficulty seemed to be, in consecpaence of the many additions necessarily to be made in order to embrace more topics of interest, to rewrite the entire work, preserving at the same time, as near as practicable, the arrangement and form of expression as he left them. Now, after more than two years of labor and anxiety, the com- mittee in charge of the work present to the town this volume, hoping that sufficient material has been gathered up and preserved to warrant the expense incurred in publishing the " History of the Town of Berlin," bv Rev. William A. Housfhton. ILLUvSTRATIONS. Allen, Mr. and Mrs. C. K. B — Group B — Group Babcock, Josiah Bailey, Francis P. Balance Rock . Barnes, Geo. H., house Bartlett, Amory Adam, Esq Bassett, Daniel H. Bassett, \Vm., house Belmont House Bennett, A. F. Berry, Thos. C. Bickford, J. C. Bride, Josiah Bruce, Geo. H., house Bullard Mouse C — Group Carter, Chandler Carter, S. R. . Carter, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Carter, Mary W. Carter, Sanderson, house Centre \'illlage Durston, Rev. A. F. F — Group Felton, Henry O. G. A. R., Tost 54 . Gott, Dr. Lemuel 247 250 254 252 265 47 279 286 289 296 98 432 279 290 305 301 314 316 319 322 247 319 324 1 1 1 548 337 346 188, 190 366 Page. Gott, Mrs. Lemuel, and house 36S Green, Mr. and Mrs. Ed- ward F. L. H — Group Hartshorn, Dr. Edward Hartshorn, Mrs. Edward Hartshorn, Wm. H. Hartshorn, Wm. H., house Hartshorn, E. H. Hastings, Mrs. C. S. Hastings, Ruihven . Hastings, Leslie Hastings, Arthur Hastings, Arthur, house Hastings, R. S., store Hebard, Ella A. Holt, Mrs. Meriam Houghton, Mrs. W. A. Howe, Wm. A. Howe, S. H. . Jackson, Henry Johnson, A. J. Jones Inn Keyes, Chas. G. Larkin, J. F., house . Longley, A. W. ' M— Group Map of Lancaster Map of Berlin . Maynard, Mrs. Lucinda B 370 371 373 374 376 378 549 380 380 380 550 552 194 432 562 448 39S 397 435 401 98 401 417 40 1 423 8 58 432 ILLUSTRATIONS. Meeting-house (old) Meeting-house, ground plan Methodist Ministers Methodist Church Moore, Joseph Moore, John A. Morse, Lyman Newton, Wm. Orthodox Church Orthodox Ministers, Dea cons. Superintendents, Osgood, John O. Parker Shoe Shop (big) Parker Shoe Shop, present Parker, John H. Peters, Mrs. Luther Pollard, Thos. Powder House Priest, Jo. and the Wid. Priest, Luther and the Sow R — Group Rand, Rev. Francis A. Rand, Mr. and Mrs. Mer rick R. Rice, Nathan . Rice, Capt. Seth S — Group Sawyer, Stephen Sawyer, Josiah E. Page. II I 112 132 129 435 432 556 441 69 124, 125 445 90 91 562 448 401 98 457 457 463 464 463 463 463 471 558 487 Page. Sawyer, Frank L. . . 491 Sawyer, Edwin . . 489 Sawyer, Mrs. Edwin . 490 Sawyer, E. Irving . . 557 Sawyer, Mrs. E. Irving . 558 Sawyer, Chas. M., house . 369 Sawyer, Deacon Josiah's Leap 48 School-house (East) . loi Sleeping Rock . . 48 Soldiers Deceased 152, 154, 156, 158 Soldiers Living 162, 164, 166 Stone House . . . 269 Store, R. S. Hastings' Street in Centre Street in Carterville Town Hall Unitarian Church Unitarian Ministers . '' W — Group W, C. T. U. . Wheeler, Henry A. . Wheeler, Erastus S. Wheeler, Samuel, house and greenhouses Wheeler, Lewis B., house Wheeler, Daniel, house White, Perry H. Whitcomb, Myron L. Women's Relief Corps Women's Relief Corps 194 45 46 194 127 128 511 234 525 562 301 524 98 531 562 151 152. 154 History of Berlin. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION. We do not dignify our endeavor as a History of Berlin. A recent American author defines his at- tempt as a "History of the People of the United States." It is the people who make most that goes for histor>\ Our town has no town life till the close of the Revolutionary war. Accustomed as we are to the thrilling experiences of Lancaster and Marl- boro, the first thing some will look for will be our relation to matters before we had a town life at all. Only as connected territorily with Lancaster had the families of Berlin any experience with the Indians. The several wars between England and France, which involved the colonies, affected us only as citi- zens of Lancaster, or later, of Bolton. This does not, of course, affect our ancestral connecton with the trying events of those days. Had our territory never been divided, we should have been one in town rela- tionship from King Philip and the Lancaster massa- cre to the suiTcnder of Burgoyne and Cornwallis. What I have endeavored to show in these mat- ters is the relation of the inhabitants of Berlin ter- ritory to the events which have made up our 230 years of associated life, 1654- 1884. Six families 2 HISTORY OF THE of the fifty-five original proprietors of Lancaster have been represented in Berlin descendants. In this out relative number exceeds, I think, that of Bolton. We have the names Houghton, Sawyer, Fairbanks, Moore, Kerley and Gates. Of later settlers we have Bailey, Bennett, Butler, Carter, Hudson and Priest. Another list, of course, on the Marlboro side. To find the origin of these families and somewhat of their history, has been my purpose. I came to look upon the effort as a sacred duty. Noting from year to year the death of our most aged inhabitants, who alone had any personal knowledge of our earliest townsmen and towns women, myself hastening on, who perhaps had the best opportunity to preserve their recollections and obtain the testimony of others, my seniors and equals in age, I appreciated somewhat the statement of the Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, most eminent in American genealogy and historical re- search, in which he said: "To know nothing of our ancestry, or whence we came, to have no reverence for the precious memories of the past, or interest in those who are to succeed us, is to ignore the ele- ments and influences that have made us what we ' are." It had never occurred to me to attempt the writing' of a history of my native town before our centennial in 1884. I had, indeed, gathered items and data to a very limited extent, only thinking they might be of service to some one who should be cgilled upon or self-moved to undertake the work. Even our cen- tennial did not of itself bring me to any determina- tion of the kind. The motion of Hon. William Bas- sett in town meeting, that we observe our centennial TOWN OF BERLIN. by celebration, including a historical address by my- self, I freely accepted. That study opened the gen- eral subject in a new light; even of an obligation, as a native citizen, for most of my life, to gather to- gether and to put on permanent record such histori- cal data of our early and later families as are yet ob- tainable, in order that the living may appreciate their indebtedness to their ancestry, and that the coming generations may know something of us when we have passed away. It is a reproach to our modem civil- ization that we may go into many a respectable family and not be able to obtain even the name of the great grand parent on either side, sometimes not even the grand parents. We have been too busy with the present and too anxious for the future to ask what our forefathers did for us, and these estates, which we drive by daily, perhaps held in "fee sim- ple," how m.any can tell their origin? I confess to the greatly increased enjoyment in traversing my native town, to know the line of ownership and occu- pancy; to know the roots, virtually, of almost every estate in town. How much more to recall the own- ers and toilers thereon. But the very field we wished to explore, family history, is painfully barren of records. But for the 700 baptisms of children, the task of a history of Berlin families would have been hopeless. The old "Half-way Covenant" was a blessing to Ber- lin, historically at least. The record of marriages is imperfect, of deaths, doubly so. Of such as we have, many were hunted up by some town clerk. Cemetery records include not more than half who have been buried. In 1831 Rev. R. F. Walcutmade HISTORY OF THE a complete record of all inscriptions in the old ceme- tery. This has been a great help. Rev. D. R. Lam- son continued a record of deaths and marriages down to 1840. Dea. John Bartlett, who had been clerk of the Unitarian Church, continued it till the parishes were reunited in 1 844. Not till 1850 did registration laws compel town officers to keep public records of births, deaths and marriages as now. We have a painful gap in the decade 1840-50. For help and helpers I am much indebted to Mar- vin's "Lancaster," Hudson's "Marlboro," and, unex- pectedly, to Ward's "vShrewsbury." Hon. Henry S. Nourse's "Annals of Lancaster" has been of very much help. My associates also of the Centennial Committee have contributed aid in very many par- ticulars. Mr. Albert Babcock, many years town clerk, "posted" me in many particulars. I am much indebted to very many of our "oldest inhabi- tants." On the Sawyer families, Mr. Amory Carter, now of Worcester and blind by powder blast, has wrought an extensive work. He has communicated freely. Of others not of the committee, Mrs. Lewis Carter, born 1800, now in good possession of her mental powers, has given ma.ny points not otherwise obtain- able. Miss Kat)' Bride has been abundantly help- ful. Mrs. Oliver Fosgate has contributed valuable reminiscences. Miss Catherine Larkin and Miss Sybil Brigham had already given me useful facts, Mr. Abraham Bigelow, now of Northboro, should have been appointed genealogist of Berlin years ago. To Mr. Artemas Barnes and sisters I am also much in- TOWN OF BERLIN. 5 debtee!. Mr. Cyrus Felton of Marlboro has gener- ously aided me, in the Bailey and Jones families especially. School histories have given to the present genera- tion a moderate knowledge of the origin of our colonies, our states, and our government. When and where do we fall into the great tide of events which have made us a part of the mightiest nation on earth, and the only really Republican government ? I must assume the antecedent historic facts without elucida- tion. We find ourselves in possession of our homes, which constitute a township. What was its origin? Our fathers, who were they? The locality is perma- nent. Our ancestors have lived and wrought for us and passed on. A few of the sixth and seventh gen- erations remain. A few of these, only a few, can trace their ancestral line more than three genera- tions. Recent investigations have wrought very helpfully in that line. vSome few are able to trace their lineage to first immigrants. A smaller number go back into generations antedating the Pilgrims. I have only sought to reach, by personal investiga- tions, the head of each family at the date of arrival here. The Massachusetts Genealogical and Historical Society, Somerset street, Boston, have agencies abroad connecting American families with their ancestry across the ocean, — not to get great "estates," but to know the stock from which they sprung. Our Hast- ings families can show an ancestry as old as Alfred the Great, founder of English civilization. Lots of "peerages" they have held. Three now seem to be lying about, "with scarcely an heir," says the histo- rian, "to bear the title." They have a better history 6 HISTORY OF THE here than "peerages" would give them. The ballot, or a farm, is worth more than a peerage. HISTORY WHILE OF LANCASTER — 1653-I738. The history of Berlin would be incomplete and unsatisfactory if the more important events which transpired while the town was a part of old Lancas- ter should be omitted. The primeval causes which led to the settlement of the mother town, together with the events which followed, are essential factors in presenting a clear view of the town from the be- ginning. While it is not our intention to republish matters having no special connection with our town, it becomes our duty to briefly relate the principal events and occurrences which preceded our munic- ipal life, which had at least an indirect effect in shaping the development of this territory. Of the proprietors and early settlers of Lancaster, six of them, or their descendants, became settlers in what is now the present town of Berlin. To any who may desire a more extended account of early Lan- caster, Marvin's " History " and Nourse's "Annals" of Lancaster will give the desired information. The town of Lancaster was the earliest in settlement and in town grant in Worcester county. What led to the settlement of the town at the early date of 1643 was the trading adventure made by Thomas King of Watertown and Henry Symonds of Bos- ton, by invitation of vSholan, chief of the Nashaway tribe of Indians, whose headquarters were near the Washacum lake, in Sterling. Their trading, or trucking, post was established on the eastern slope of George hill, not far distant from the north branch TOWN OF BERLIN. of the river. The traffic consisted in the exchange of furs and peltries for cloths, hardware and trinkets. This place was quite distant from other settlements, the nearest being Sudbury, fifteen miles distant. Its isolated position was such that immediate succor could not readily be obtained in case of an Indian outbreak. The natives were friendly, and not very numerous in the immediate vicinity. Their num- bers may have been depleted by diseases, as had tribes nearer the coast, or by wars with other tribes. Hence it may be seen that this valley of the Nash- away, with its rich and extensive meadows already bearing grass in abundance for cattle, was an invit- ing field for the enterprising pioneer, who began to feel straitened for room in the older towns. This truckinof house became the nucleus around which settlements began. The tract of land bought of Sholan was ten miles north and south and eight miles east and west, and the consideration was twelve pounds. King and Symonds both died within about a year, and consequently their rights in the Nashaway Company fell into other hands. John Prescott of Watertown became the owner of the trucking house lot 1647. He was a man of great energy and enterprise, and was really the founder of the town of Lancaster. Associated with him in the new settlement was Thomas S'awyer, who married his daughter Mary ; also John Hough- ton, John Moore, Jonas Fairbanks, William Kerley and Stephen Gates. The descendants of these men were among the first settlers on our territory. The Nashaway plantation was incorporated as the town of Lancaster 1653, but the survey of the township 8 , HISTORY OF THE was delayed till 1659 (Noyes' survey), when it was found by the surveyor that Marlboro had scooped in the valley of the Assabet, which, by the terms of the grant, belonged to Lancaster. Marlboro, al- though later in settlement, was earlier in the field with suiveyor, and carved out such as best pleased them. In surveying the east line of Lancaster, running from the northeast corner southerly, the northwest corner of Marlboro was struck near the Daniel Strat- ton place in Hudson, and thence diverging westerly with the Marlboro line to a point near South Berlin. By the cutting off of this slice the south line was about six and a-half miles in length. The effect of this eventually was the irregular line on our eastern border we have to-day, whereas if the eastern line of Lancaster had been run straight through, as per grant, the whole of Robin hill would naturally have come within our limits. The most notable events which occurred in the mother town while Berlin territory was part of her domain, were the massacres and destruction caused by the Indian wars. The first of these was King Philip's war, which began 1675, and closed the next year with the death of Philip and the defeat of his savage allies. It is not necessary to detail all the events of King Philip's war. It is sufficient for the purposes of this work to present what happened to Lancaster in consequence of this outbreak. Lancaster had been settled more than thirty years, and had at- tained the proportions of a considerable town. Peace- ful relations had been maintained with the neighbor- ing tribe. Sholan was dead, and Sagamore Sam, alias 1653 - I 8 83 N oy^S- S U R V t y'. ;65! TOWN OF BERLIN. 9 Shoshanim, reigned in his place. The Indians were less friendly than at first, but no immediate rupture was entertained as probable before hostilities were commenced by the southern tribes in the summer, 1675. In the meantime Philip, or his emissaries, had succeeded in enlisting- a number of the more northern tribes in his confederacy, and among them were the Nashaways, with Sagamore Sam and Monoco, alias Maliompe (One-eyed John), of the Nipmucks, at Brookfield. The first bloody raid on Lancaster was made August i6, 1675, by Monoco, w4th the Nashaways and other Indians. Eight per- sons were killed and their bodies mangled in a most horrible and barbarous manner. As a precautionary measure of safety, soon after, five of their houses were fortified, being furnished with a stockade or flankers. The work on these garrisons, as they were called, was incomplete when one of the most bloody tragedies of Indian warfare ever known in the province occurred on the tenth day of February, 1676, in the almost entire destruction of Old Lan- caster. This has sometimes been called the "Row- landson massacre," from the fact that the Rev. Joseph Rowlandson was at the time minister there, and that his wife Mary and three children were carried into captivity, and that after her ransom and return she wrote a book, giving a vivid and thrilling account of her captivity and life among the Indians, which had an extensive circulation. After the defeat of Philip with the Narragansetts the December previous, 500 of his warriors united with the Nashaways, Nipmucks and other tribes for the destruction of the frontier settlements. The plan of lO HISTORY OF THE the attack was made undoubtedly by Sagamore Sam and Monoco (One-eyed John), chiefs of the Nash- aways and Nipmucks. The assault was made at sunrise in five places. The people were nearly all in the fortified houses. The greatest slaughter was at the Rowlandson mansion, which was burned, and nearly all the inmates were either killed or carried away captives. Nearly all the houses were burned, except the garrisoned ones. The total number of casualties appear to have been fifty-five. Of these, twenty were carried into captivity, most of whom were afterwards ransomed. Soon after this direful event the town was abandoned, and all the remain- ing houses, except the ineeting-house and two on Wataquodock hill, were burned soon after by In- dians prowling in the vicinity. Among the family names of those who suft'ered in this massacre we note those of Jonas Fairbank, William Kerley and Thomas vSawyer, whose descendants became first settlers on our territory. At the close of King Philip's war, 1676, the Nash- away tribe was broken up. Numbers joined the Penacooks, Mohawks and other northern and west- ern tribes. The chiefs. Sagamore Sam, alias Sho- shanim, and One-eyed John, alias Monoco, having sur- rendered to the authorities, were hanged in Boston, September 26, 1 676, their wives and children sent to the Bermudas and sold as slaves. The great con- spirator and ringleader, King Philip, disheartened by his failures and deserted by his former friends and allies, retired to Mount Hope, the home of Philip, near Swansea, R. I., and was hunted down and killed by one of his own tribe. This ended King TOWN OF BERLIN. I I Philip's war, the most bloody tragedy recorded in the history of New England. RESETTLEMENT OF THE TOWN. After the lapse of three or four years, former resi- dents and settlers began to return and build up the waste places. By the provisions of law they had to begin anew in the organization of the town, the same as if no grant had before .been made. Appli- cation was made to the General Court for a new charter, which was granted. The returned refugees and the other settlers constituted seventeen or eight- een families. Among these was John Prescott, the foremost man in the first settlement, and again the prime leader in the second. He died December — , 1 68 1. This famous man, so renowned in the early history of Lancaster, was one of the ancestors of all the Sawyers of Berlin. Among the new-comers was Samuel Carter, the ancestral head of the Berlin Car- ters. These, together with John Houghton, the town clerk in the new regime, and also the Moore and Fairbank families, have been largely repre- sented in Berlin. KING WILLIAM'S WAR. The English and French colonies in America became involved in war by reason of the war be- tween England and France during the reign of Wil- liam and Mar}% lasting from 1689 to 1697, and this was followed by a succession of three other Indian and French wars, ending in 1763. As early as 1608 the French had made a permanent settlement in 12 HISTORY OF THE Canada, hence at the beginning of this war, they had been there nearly a century and occupied a large portion of lower Canada. They, unlike the English, assimilated with the Indians, intermarried with them, gained their friendship and good will, and consequently their adherence as allies. The object of the French ostensibly was to gain a firmer foothold in America: by driving away the English colonists, whose settlements were mostly confined to the seaboard, and convert what is now the United States into New France; — how they suc- ceeded, the history of this and subsequent French and Indian wars will tell. In pursuance of this design, the northern tribes, led in part by French ofiicers, made frequent raids on the more exposed and isolated English settlements. Lancaster was visited by a small band of these savages July i8, 1692, but the town was well fortified, having eight garrisons scattered in different parts of the town. The family of Peter Joslin was surprised; five were killed and three were captured and carried away. About five years after, Sept. 11, 1697, the town was again attacked, with more serious and disastrous consequences. The garrisons had been increased and strengthened. The people were not apprehensive of danger and they were taken by sur- prise. Men were in the fields or in their houses and the garrison gates were left open. The result of this bloody raid and massacre was that nineteen were killed and eight carried into captivity, some of whom were afterwards ransomed and returned to their homes. Among the slain were a number of the Hudson and Fairbank families, whose descendants TOWN OF BERLIN. 13 settled in our town. This war closed 1697 and was soon followed by another, known as QUEEN ANNE'S WAR — I 704. In the Slimmer of 1704 a large force of French and Indians under Monsieur Boocore attacked Northampton, but as the place was well fortified, they gave up the contest. A part returned to Can- ada. About 400 turned eastward and made an onslaught on Lancaster. In this attack, which began early in the morning of July 3 1 , the enemy was repulsed with considerable loss. Reinforce- ■ ments having arrived from Marlboro during the day, the town was saved from other loss than the burn- ing of a number of dwellings and the meeting-house. One Lancaster man and three soldiers were killed in the affray. The next visit of the Indians with hos- tile intent was Oct. 15, 1705, when Thomas Sawyer, Jr., his son Elias and John Bigelow of Marlboro were in Thomas Sawyer, Jr.'s, saw-mill near the Deer's horn and were taken captive and carried away fo Canada. ( For further particulars, see arti- cle, "Thomas vSawyer," in the genealogical part of this work.) With this brief epitome of tragic events, we close this recital of assaults and brutali- ties inflicted on the early settlers of Lancaster. The peace of Utrecht, 171 3, brought the war to a close, and the people in their homes were undisturbed by the French and Indians to any very great extent afterwards; but in subsequent wars with tribes north and east, some of our men were participants, and among these was Jabez Fairbanks, the famous Indian scout, whose particular service is more fully 14 . HISTORY OF THE shown in Marvin's " History " and Nourse's " Annals," and brief mention may be found in this work under the head of Fairbanks families. Having briefly sketched the principal historical events which occurred while our territory was a part of the mother town and in which the ancestors of some of the first settlers of our town took an active part, we propose now to take a glance backward and see what progress had been made in the settlement of this township at the time we were disannexed from Lancaster and became a part of Bolton. At this time Lancaster had been incorporated eighty- five years and had passed through a series of tragic events incident to Indian warfare, which have be- come matters of general history, and with the recital of these in the foregoing pages and the addition of the names of the brief number of those who were settlers here prior to 1738, the time of the excision from the old town of Lancaster, we close the account, leaving all other matters, civil and religious, pertain- ing to any of our citizens when they were of the mother town, to the records of the same made in the " History " and " Annals " of the old township. It may appear at first sight singular that so long a period should have elapsed with so few settlements, but it must be remembered that land was plenty and men were few, and that Indian wars were of frequent oc- currence during the entire period. In that part of the town originally a part of Lancas- ter, we find only the following names of settlers here prior to 1738, and only two or three here before 1723, and these were John Houghton, 3d, on the Ephraim Goddard farm, and Jabez Fairbanks, Jr., on the old TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 5 Fairbanks place at the corner, and John Moore on the John M. Kelley place.* The others on the list were : James Butler (on the John Collins place), Samuel Moore (on the Stone house farm), Hezekiah Gibbs (on F. A. Woodward's), Francis McFadin (on P. A. Randall's), Ephraim Fairbanks (on corner by J. D. Southwick's), Isaac Moore, Sr., (on Wm. W. Wheeler's), Wilson Pratt, father of Abijah, (on Daniel Wheeler place), Andrew McElwain (on the Samuel Spofford farm), Philip Larkin (in Larkindale), Philip Brookins (on Jarvis Wheeler's), Daniel Bruce (on Ira Brown place), James Fife (on Jonas Carter's), Robert Fosgate (on the Gates farms), Joseph Priest (on the Rufus R. Wheeler old place). The exact time they moved on these places cannot be accurately determined at this time. The deeds are chiefly our guides in this matter. Now we must part with Old Lancaster and become an integral part of Bolton. The first move made for the separation was a petition from persons living in the east part of Lancaster, presented to the town at a meeting held May i6, 1733. The prayer of the petitioners was as follows: "Setting forth the many hardships and difficulties which we for these many years have undergone in getting to the public wor- ship of God, and in a peculiar manner in the winter season, these are, therefore, to request of you that you put it into your next warrant to see whether the town will set off all the inhabitants on the east side the river to be a separate town or precinct, begin- ning at Shrewsbury line and so down said river till "^ It is quite uncertain whether Jabez Fairbanks or John Moore lived on these places at that time. — Com. 1 6 HISTORY OF THE you come to Harvard line, excepting the interval lots of land on the east side of said river." Signed by Josiah Wheeler, William Pollard, Joshua Moore, Jabez Fairbanks, Jona. Moore, William Keyes, John Whitney, Jeremiah Holman, Nathaniel Holman,Thos. Whitney and William vSawyer. The prayer of the petitioners in this case was not granted at this time, but a second petition for the same object, signed by John Moore and others, presented to the town March, 1735-6, prevailed, and Bolton went before the Gen- eral Court with the benediction of the old mother town. The act of incorporation was passed on the 24th of June, 1738. The church was formed in Bol- ton Nov. 4, 1 74 1, when the Rev. Thomas Goss was ordained their first pastor. It will be noted that none of the names on the first petition, except possibly Jabez Fairbanks, were of Berlin territory. In passing from one environment to that of another, it iTiay be well to pause and view the situation. It will be seen that not niuch progress had been made in the settlement of this territory while a part of Lan- caster, and these were mostly in the north part, and hence nearer church and town house. It may be safe- ly assumed that the entire population at this time would not much exceed fifty, including women and children, as most of the settlers were young men just starting in life, with no families other than wife and one or two children. After this date (1738) settle- ments herein progressed very rapidly, and all the available land was taken up and occupied while this territory was a part of Bolton. No serious apprehen- sions were entertained at this time of future Indian raids or massacres by tribes of the old Bay State, but TOWN OF BERLIN. I? the more distant ones near the Canadian border made frequent forays into the more exposed settlements for some years Later, or till the close of the old French and Indian war. Settlements, too, had ex- tended in every direction, so that this was no longer a frontier town, needing block houses and garrisons to protect the people. It will be seen that many of the descendants of the first settlers while of Lancas- ter have disappeared. Only the Fosgates and Lar- kins hold the ancestral lands. The first settlements made in Berlin were evidently on that part taken from Marlboro, which comprised at the time of annexation, 1784, three farms, now four, namely, the Nathaniel Wheeler and the Aaron Morse farms, both of which constituted at that time the homestead of Silas Kerley ; the farm of EUsha Bassett was David Taylor's and Job Spofford's, and the Newsome place was John Brigham's,— but these were not the first settlers on these lands. Silas Kerley was preceded by Job, Sr., and Henry Kerley, Jr.; Taylor and Spoft'ord by Samuel Jones, Sr., and Solomon Keyes, and possibly others ; John Brigham by Joel Brigham and Joseph Rice. This Joseph Rice married Mercey Kerley, daughter of Henry, Jr., and was probably the first settler on the place about 1 7 10. This valley of the Assabet, presenting as it undoubtedly did an inviting field for the pio- neer, was the first taken up. Comparatively few settlements had been made on the Lancaster ter- ritory prior to 1738, the time Bolton, including main- ly this township, was disannexed from the old mother town. We count but two or three places where settle- ments may have been made previous to 1723, when 1 8 HISTORY OF THE Benjamin Bailey, Sr., was tax collector for Lancas- ter of all then living south of the old Bay road through Bolton. Of these we may name in the south part the Ephraim Goddard farm, first settled by John Houghton, 3d. He sold to Benj. Bailey, Sr., 1718. On Bailey's tax list appear the names of Jabez Fair- banks (?), who was the father of our Esquire Ephraim and lived on the Fairbanks place, and possibly one John Moore was on the John M. Kelley place at this date, but there is no positive proof of the fact.* As no recorded evidence at hand indicates that these latter named places were settled before John Houghton, 3d, settled on the Ephraim Goddard farm, the conclusioji is that aside from the strip taken from Marlboro, the Goddard farm and the Fairbanks place were the first settled. The dates of the settlement of most of the families will be found in the genea- logical part of this work under the respective family naines. ABOUT INDIANS. No tribe of Indians that we know of ever had their headquarters here. No records extant nor Indian relics point to the fact of any permanent lodgment within what is now Berlin territory. That Gates pond or "Kequasagansett" lake, as it may have been called, may have been a favorite resort for fishing, is quite probable. The few Indian relics found in the vicinity of the pond indicate only temporary sojourn. Clamshell pond, just beyond our limits in Clinton, abound in these antiquities more abundantly. The Larkin brothers in the immediate vicinity have a *J()hti Moore owned the land, hut may not have lived there. TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 9 large collection of Indian weapons and tools gathered from the shores of this pond. Clamshell, as also Gates pond, was nearrly in a direct line between the Ockoocangansetts at Marlboro and the Nashaways at Washacum, hence the trail leading from one place to the other would necessarily pass through this town and by these ponds. Any thrilling experiences of those who settled on our territory with the Massa- chusetts Indians must antedate the time we were dis- annexed from the old town of Lancaster, but some minor things of slight importance have been handed down by tradition, showing that Indians have been here, — one of which that Indians took up their abode occasionallv for the night in the cavity of a certain rock, since called "Sleeping rock," situated by the wayside on the Hudson road between the house of Capt. Silas Sawyer and that of George Bruce. Another tradition is Dea. Josiah vSawyer's famous leap and escape from an Indian in ambush, illustra- tions of which will hereinafter be inserted. Adieu, old town, with all thy glory, With all thy contentions and strife; We've told but a bit of thy story. Of thy early municipal life. For years to come, our life must run, With Sawyers, Moores and Houghton; And before our real life's begun, We must be a part of Bolton. HISTORY OF IHE CHAPTER II. HISTORY WHILE OF BOLTON, I 738, I 784 — THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. The second period of the history and development of this territory began in 1738 and continued until 1 784, during which time we were an integral part of Bolton, hence in the narration of events of this period we propose only to relate such occurrences as had special relation to those living here at the time, leav. ing the annals of Bolton to be told by the future his- torian of that town. Nearly the first action taken by any town after its settlement and incorporation is the matter pertaining to roads and schools, but these had been attended to in a measure by the mother town before we had or- ganic life, and will be treated on more particularly under the head of those topics. The two more important events in which quite a number of the citizens on this territory participated were the French and Indian war and the War of the Revolution. The former of these will be first con- sidered. This war commenced in 1755 and was a re- newal of the contest for supremacy in North America between the French and English colonists. The English settlements at this time were confined to states bordering on the Atlantic, extending as far south as Virginia and the Carolinas, while the French TOWN OF BERLIN. 21 had settlements and a line of forts extending from the mouth of the St. Lawrence by the Great Lakes and the Mississippi to New Orleans. These fortifi- cations were made expressly for the purpose of pre- venting the further extension of the English settle- ments into the interior of the continent. Had the French been successful in this contest, it may reason- ably be supposed that this country would have been in a much worse condition than Canada is in to-day, on account of its colonial condition and lack of en- terprise, but thanks to the heroic men of that gener- ation, impelled by the highest impulses of patriotism and unwavering devotion to their country's future welfare, they compelled the French to abandon their claim to a large portion of North America over which they claimed jurisdiction, on the ground of discovery and prior right. Some of our men were in the ex- peditions against Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and some were also in the attack on Quebec in 1759, when the army of General Wolfe vanquished the army of General Montcalm on the plains of Abra- ham, which battle was decisive, and by the treaty of 1763 all the French possessions in North America were given up to the English. It is but a just tribute to the memory of the brave men that a record should be made of their heroic deeds, which were initiatory steps that led finally to the Revolution and the independence and union of these states. Among the Bolton soldiers in the French and Indian war who lived on Berlin territory, we find the names of Nathaniel Hastings, Nathaniel Hastings, Jr., Benja- min Houghton, Joseph Priest, John Pollard, Wil- liam Pollard, Jabez Beers, John McBride, Peter Lar- 2 2 HISTORY OF THE kin, Edmund Larkin, William Larkin, Mathias Lar- kin, Abraham Bruce, Robert Fosgate and Joshua Johnson, The close of this war caused universal re- joicings in the English colonies; shoutings, bon- fires, songs and prayers ascended to heaven every- where. It was the death struggle between Protes- tantism and popery in America as to territorial pos- sessions. WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. As our territory was an integral part of Bolton up to the close of the Revolutionary war, we are neces- sarily precluded from relating ony oihcial acts of the town of Berlin before it had municipal life, but we may, and justice demands it, that we put on record the individual acts of the fathers in the struggle for independence. It is not our purpose to go into special details of this war or outline the more important TOWN OF BERLIN. 23 events connected therewith, known to all our citizens, but it is our intention and purpose to record, at least, the names of all that lived on this territory, whose patriotic and personal services contributed to the es- tablishment of liberty and independence; also some resolutions of general interest prior to the war passed by Bolton, which clearly reflect the doings of the fathers relative to the causes of the war. The events which preceded the breaking out of hostilities were .such as to cause every patriot, and especially every minute man, to be in readiness at a moment's warn- ing. Tradition has it "that Land'ord Jones," whose inn was in Berlin Centre, had a gun prepared to give warning of any approaching crisis demanding imme- diate attention. On the morning of the 19th of April, 1775, a courier arrived at Jones' Inn with the news that the British troops were marching towards Concord. Soon boom went Jones' gun; the sound caught the ears of William Babcock, who lived on the place now owned by Joseph Turner. Leaving his tools in the field, he, with gun and knapsack, has- tened to the scene of sanguinary strife, to Concord and Lexington. Judge Samuel Baker, Silas Carley, and Joseph Rice of Marlboro territory, Samuel Spofford, Sr., of Berlin and probably some others were soon on the road to the same destination. Certain acts recorded in the Bolton records prior to the war, indicative of the spirit of the times and showing the intense zeal and patriotisin of the peo- ple of the town, in which citizens on our territory took a conspicuous part, are well worthy of mention. The first matter was a protest against the use of tea and other British goods. A committee appointed at 24 HISTORY OF THE a previous meeting reported the subject matter for action at a town meeting held May 21, 1770. The records stand as follows: "Takinof into serious con- MINUTE MAX. sideration the present unhappy situation of our pub- lic affairs at this critical juncture of the times," passed the following votes, viz. : "That we highly approve of the conduct of the merchants of the town of Boston respecting the non-importation of British goods, and that we will none of us on any pretence whatsoever purchase one single article (except in cases of absolute necessity) of any merchant or trader that has im- ported goods contrary to the agreement of the merchants of the said town of Boston, and that we shall esteem such pur- chasers as enemies to this country and not fit to be employed in any business of importance, and that we will abstain from the use of all foreign teas ourselves, and that we will not suf- fer it to be used in our families until the whole of the late revenue acts are repealed, and that we will use our utmost en- deavors to promote industry, frugality and our own manufac- tures amongst ourselves, as judging it the most likely means TOWN OF BERLIN. 25; to save our country from slavery and to leave a lasting inher- itance to our posterity." "Voted unanimously." The vSelectmen at this time were: Joshua John- son, Ephraim Fairbank, vSilas Bailey, Jonas Hough- ton and Nathaniel Longley. It will be noted that all of these except the last were of Berlin territory. List of soldiers in the Revolutionary war who were at the time residents of Berlin territory as found in the Bolton records and elsewhere: The foremost in military service was John Hud- son, the grandfather of Hon. Charles Hudson, who, together with his eight sons, were in the army at one time and another during the war. In continuing the list we find the names of Bruce — Benjamin, Daniel, Timothy; McBride — James, John, Thomas; Bailey — Colonel wSilas, Lieutenant Timothy, Benjamin, Bar- nabas; Johnson — Captain Edward, Joshua, Eleazer, Nathan; Larkin — Mathias, John, John, Jr., Ephraim, Edmond, Peter; Baker — Samuel, wSamuel, Jr., Ed- ward; Meriam — Amos, Jonathan; Uriah Moore, Ben- jamin Nourse, Nathan Barber, Fortunatus Barnes, Samuel Jones, Jr., Nathan Jones, Jabez Fairbanks, James Fife, Jr., Elijah Foster, Nathaniel Hastings, Silas Howe, Silas Houghton, Hezekiah Gibbs, Jr., Abijah Pratt, John Pollard, Thomas Pollard, Joseph Priest, Job vSpofford, David Rice, Samuel Rice, Rob- ert Fosgate. Lieutenant Timothy Bailey, who lived at the time on the place now owned by IMerrick Felton, joined the army in the year 1777 at Newport, R. I., and there died the same year. The monument and statue representing "Hope" in the old cemetery, erected to 2 6 HISTORY OF THE his memory by Artemas Barnes, Esq., is a fitting memento of liis patriotic service and sacrifice. The close of the Revolutionary war substantially closed our connection with Bolton. The treaty of peace was signed 1783. We were born into munici- pal life the year after, and for the next twenty- eight years was known as the District of Berlin. We had been associated with Lancaster eighty-five years and with Bolton forty-six years. These periods embraced the early Indian wars, King Philip's and other Indian raids, the French and Indian war and the War of the Revolution. Henceforward Berlin alone must bear the responsibility of all official ac- tion, whether in the War of 1 8 1 2 or the War of the Rebellion. In the latter the town may well be proud for the valor and patriotism exhibited by her citizens. TORIES. Yery few Tories were here during the Revolution. Tradition holds that one Jabez Beers, who lived in 1767 on the hill south of Merrick Felton's, was a Tory, as also were the Duffords of the same hill ; but as Beers was in the French and Indian war and prob- ably did good service for us in that war, his fault in this should be charitably considered. There was rapid advancement made in the settle- ment of our territory while we were of Bolton. The population increased four-fold during this period. Nearly all the available land suitable for farms was taken up. We had been set off as the South Parish in 1778, and had a meeting-house before we were in- vested with town riofhts. The heads of those fami- TOWN OF BERLIN. 27 lies who have made the most enduring record in town and numerically have exceeded all others, came in while we were of Bolton. Prominent among these were the Babcocks, Barneses, Bruces, Carters, Johnsons, Sawyers and Wheelers. Having attained that period of growth and development which gave assurance of increased prosperity by a separate organic life, Ber- lin joyfully bid adieu to the mother town, whose fos- tering care and inaternal solicitude were duly appre- ciated and acknowledged, and set up housekeeping for herself by assuming the responsibilities and dis- charging the duties of one of the numerous munici- palities which cpnstitute the Commonwealth of Mas- sachusetts. 28 HISTORY OF THE CHAPTER III. BERLIN A DISTRICT, 1 784. The history of Berlin embraces a period of brief duration when compared with the older towns of the Commonwealth. In fact those who saw the dawn of its organic life have but just passed away, and yet the town can claim a respectable antiquity in com- parison with our more flourishing neighbors on our eastern and western borders. The town has been known as the "vState of Berlin" by those of its imme- diate vicinity, and the designaftion is not wholly ir- relevant, inasmuch as the people here have mani- fested during the entire history of its municipal life a stability and an adherence to certain fixed and defi- nite principles worthy of special commendation, and as states are less liable to geographical changes than towns, so Berlin has been less fluctuating and changeable internally and externally than most towns of greater pretensions. The inhabitants have been from first to last very largely of Puritanic stock, and it is quite probable that the descendants of these will continue the dominant class in the immediate future. The casual observer will readily perceive that this is a town remarkably free from class dis- tinctions. No aristocracy of blood or wealth, no high, no low, all as near on a common level as it is seem- ingly possible for a people to be, making this little TOWN OF BERLIN. 29 township a model commonwealth, where, if any- where, equality, fraternity and true contentment abide, — elements essential to the perpetuity of a true democracy and a free republic. While it is true that few descendants of the first settlers still retain the ancestral lands or live in town, it is a gratifying- fact that their places have been filled by citizens who are a credit to the community in which they live, and the town may not really have lost in the transitions which have taken place. We note but two farms in the family name which have continued from the time we were a part of Lancaster, the Fosg-ates and the Larkins ; comparatively few of the descendants remain of those who settled here while we were apart of Bolton, 1738 to 1784. There are still in town some of the posterity of those who were here before we were a district, namely: Wil- liam Babcock, David Southwick, James Brewer, James Goddard, vSamuel Jones, Jonathan Wheeler, Barnabas Maynard, Josiah Sawyer, Joel Fosg-ate, Fortunatus Barnes, Thomas Pollard (the Carter and Samuel Spofford families, also the Larkins, came in soon after). Of these the Wheeler name outnumbers all the others at the present time, with fair prospect of continuance. Many emigrated early and found homes in other states and became prominent citizens in their several localities, and this was a necessity in a town of moderate dimensions without mechanical industries or other appliances for manual labor. The emigration about the year 1800, led by the Jones and Tenneys, to Marlboro, N. H., depleted the town of its surplus of inhabitants to a considerable extent, and quite a number of the descendants of these still 30 HISTORY OF THE remain in that vicinity. Berlin contributed a fair proportion of settlers to other states, notably to Maine and Vermont. All these removals and changes so far as known will appear in the genealogical part of this work. THE NAME OF THE TOWN. There was some controversy at the time of the in- corporation of this district as to the name of the new town. They decided at first to call it "Norrage," but wisely concluded after due deliberation to name it Berlin, after the capital of Germany. There is a town of this name in nearly every state in the Union. It was frequently pronounced Barlin by the older in- habitants. The true English pronunciation is Ber- lin, accent on the first syllable, and not Berleen, as pronounced in Germany. It may be presumed that the word pronounced Norrage was spelled Nor- wich. The initiatory step which led to the formation of the district of Berlin was the previous set-off and in. corporation of the South Parish of Bolton, 1778. The new meeting-house became a centre for the as- sembling of the people, and it soon became evident and desirable that the town affairs should be attended to with like conveniences, as were the matters per- taining to the church. The territory embraced with- in the parish was of sufficient dimensions to consti- tute a snug and compact town. Moved by these con- siderations, the people of Bolton gracefully yielded to the request of the South Parish for an act of in- corporation, and joined in a petition to the General TOWN OF BERLIN. 3r Court for that purpose. The prayer of the petition- ers was granted, as also was the petition of certain citizens in Marlboro in the Assabet valley to be an- nexed to the new district. The change in the North- boro line was made some years later, as was also our line on the west by the annexation of the .Larkin farm. The number of families in the district at that time was about eighty, and among the citizens dis- annexed from the mother town was quite a number of large experience in public affairs and well qualified to transact the ordinary business of a town, and amongst these were Ephraim Fairbanks, Esq., Judge- Samuel Barker and Joshua Johnson and others, men of special mark and influence in the community. It is not intended in this work to publish the town records, or make very copious extracts from the acts and doings of the inhabitants as recorded of town meetings, believing that the history would be slightly enhanced in value by copying the dry details found in the records, and would in no wise compen- sate for the extra expense incurred. All matters of general interest will be culled from the town records and other sources of information and arranged in topics, so far as may be found practicable. We in- sert the act of incorporation of the district and the organization effected in accordance with the act, to- gether with the town officers chosen at the first town meeting, regarding these as matters of special inter- est to all, and containing desirable information in rela- tion to our town with its boundaries at the begin- ning of its municipal life. It will be noted that the only changes in town lines since the act of incorpo- ration were the annexation of the farm of Peter I^r- 32 HISTORY OF THE kin on the west, 1 790, and a piece of land from North- boro, near Parks' mills, 1 806. A copy of the map of the town made by Nathaniel Longley, Esq., and Jonathan Meriam, is herein exhibited. The first town meeting was held in the meeting- house then recently erected and continued to be there held till 1826. ACT OF INCORPORATION. COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. /;/ the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty-four. An act to incorporate the South Parish of the town of Bol- ton, together with David Taylor, Silas Carley, Job Spofford and John Brigham, inhabitants of Marlborough, with their estates, into a district by the name of Berlin. Whereas, it appears on representation to this Court that it would be productive of public good and to the benefit and satisfaction of the inhabitants and proprietors of the South Parish in the town of Bolton and the above-named inhab- itants of the town of Marlborough, should they be incorpo- rated into a distinct district, and that all persons immediately concerned are agreeing thereto : Section i. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assembled, and by author- ity of the same, that the lands hereafter described and in- cluded within the following boundaries with the inhabitants thereof, be and hereby are incorporated into a district by the name of Berlin. Beginning at a rock, a corner between the towns of Marlborough, Northborough and Bolton, and run- ning on Northborough line two miles and one-half and forty- four rods to a stake and stones, a corner between Lancaster and Bolton ; thence northwardly on Lancaster original line, three miles and one-half and sixtv-two rods to a stake and TOWN OF BERLIN. ;^;^ Stones ; thence east thirty-seven degrees south, three miles and forty rods to a heap of stones on Marlborough town line ; thence west thirty-one degrees south, on the said Marlborough line to a slump and stones, a monument on Bolton line ; thence south thirty degrees east, thirty-seven rods to heap of stones ; thence east thirty-one degrees south, twenty-one rods to a stump and stones ; thence south thirty-two degrees east, forty-two rods to a heap of stones ; thence south forty de- grees west, forty-six rods to a black oak ; thence west twenty degrees north, twenty-eight rods to a heap of stones ; thence west forty-one degrees south, sixty-eight rods to a heap of stones ; thence east four degrees south, thirty-six rods to a red oak by the river ; thence south twenty degrees east, forty- nine rods to a heap of stones ; thence twenty-two rods by a town way ; thence twenty rods by said way ; thence angling six rods ; thence south seventeen degrees west, twenty-four rods ; thence south forty-four degrees east, thirteen rods to a heap of stones ; thence west twenty-seven degrees south, fifty- six rods to a heap of stones ; thence north eight degrees west, forty-eight degrees to a heap of stones ; thence west forty rods to a heap of stones ; thence west thirty-five de- grees south, fifty-nine rods ; thence south thirty-one degrees west, sixteen rods to a red oak, a corner of Joseph Howe's land ; thence south twenty-eight degrees west, eighteen rods to a white oak ; thence south twenty-nine degrees west, thirty rods to a heap of stones on the east side of the river ; thence thirty rods on the said river to a heap of stones ; thence twelve rods by the said river to a swamp oak ; thence south forty degrees west, ii6 rods to a pine stump; thence west twenty-eight degrees north, seventy-eight rods to a heap of stones ; thence west thirty degrees south, twenty-eight rods to a stake and stones by Joel Brigham's meadow ; thence north thirty degrees west, 146 rods to the bounds fifst mentioned, and the said district of Berlin shall be and hereby is invested with all the privileges and immunities of any district within the Commonwealth. 4 34 HISTORY OF THE Sec. 2. Provided always and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the said district of Berlin shall be sub- jected to pay their proportionable part of all public debts owing by the town of Bolton at the time of passing this act, ac- cording to the present taxable property of the town of Bolton and the district of Berlin, exclusive of that part of the said district of Berlin which before the passing of this act was part of the town of Marlborough. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted by the authority afore- said, that the said district of Berlin shall be at their propor- tionable part of the expense of supporting the poor belonging to the said town of Bolton previous to the passing of this act, to be apportioned in like manner as is expressed in the fore- going proviso ; and any poor which in time to come may be turned on the said town of Bolton or shall be received and supported by that town or by the said district, in whichsoever such poor had their local situation. Sec. 4. And be it further enacted by the authority afore- said, that said district ot Berlin shall have good right to claim and receive one equal third part of all public stock of arms and ammunition belonging before the passing of this act to the town of Bolton. Sec. 5. And be it further enacted by the authority afore- said, that the said district of Berlin may join with the town of Bolton in the choice of a representative, which representative may be an inhabitant of the town of Bolton or of the district of Berlin, and shall be paid by the town of Bolton and the dis- trict of Berlin in the same proportions as they pay other pub- lic charges, and the Selectmen of Bolton shall annually, at the uiual time for issuing a warrant for notifying the voters to as- semble for coming to the choice of a representative, issue their warrant directed to some constable or constables of the district of Berlin, to warn the voters of the said district to as- semble with the said town of Bolton for that purpose. Sec. 6. And be it further enacted by the authority afore- said, that the inhabitants and proprietors of land which, before TOWN OF BERLIN. 35 the enacting hereof, belonged to that part of the district of Berlin which was part of the town of Marlborough, shall be holden to pay all taxes already assessed on them by the town of Marlborough ; anything in this act to the contrary notwith- standing. Sec. 7. And be it further enacted by the authority afore- said, that Samuel Baker, Esq., is hereby authorized to issue his warrant directed to some principal inhabitant of the dis- trict of Berlin, requiring him to notify the inhabitants of the said district qualified by law to vote in town affairs, to assem- ble at such time and place as he therein shall direct, to choose all such officers as districts within this Commonwealth are di- rected and required by law to choose in the month of March annually, and the said district of Berlin shall be considered as belonging to the county of Worcester, and the easterly boun- daries thereof shall be the boundaries between the counties of Middlesex and Worcester. This act passed March i6, 1784. The first action taken after the act of incorporation was the issuing by Samuel Baker, Esq., his warrant for a meeting of the legal voters for the purpose of choosing district officers, as follows : Worcester, ss. To Fortunatus Barnes, a principal inhabitant of the district of Berlin. Greeting. In the name of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, you are hereby authorized and required to warn the freeholdt rs and other inhabitants of the said district, qualified by law to vote in town or district affairs, to meet at the meeting-house in the said Berlin, on Monday, the twelfth day of April in- stant, at one of the clock in the afternoon of the said day. Firstly. To choose a moderator to preside at said meeting. Secondly. To choose all such officers as districts are by law empowered to choose in the month of March annually, and have 36 HISTORY OF THE this warrant with a certificate of your doings thereon at the time and place of said meeting. Given under my hand and seal this fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord, 1784, and in the eighth of the independ- ence of the United States of America. Samuel Baker, A Justice of the Peace, specially authorized by the law in- corporating the aforesaid district to issue his warrant for the purpose aforesaid. Worcester, ss. April ye 12th, 1784. These may certify that in obedience to the within warrant, I have notified and warned the inhabitants of the district of Ber- lin to meet at time and place and for the ends and purposes within mentioned, by order of the Honorable Samuel Baker, Esq. Fortunatus Barnes. In observance of the foregoing warrant, dated April 5th, 1784, the inhabitants of the district of Berlin met at the meet- ing-house in said district on the twelfth day of April, 1784, and proceeded as follows, viz. : First. Chose the Hon. Samuel Baker, Esq., moderator for this meeting on the second article ; chose Jonathan Meriam district clerk. Sworn. Selectmen : Lieutenant James Goddard, Mr. John Temple, Jonathan Meriam, Mr. William Sawyer, Captain Barnabas Maynard. Assessors: Mr. David Taylor, Jonathan Meriam and Lieu- tenant Henry Powers ; all sworn. Constable : Joel Fosgate ; sworn. Treasurer: Lieutenant Timothy Jones ; sworn. Then voted to choose the other officers by hand vote ex- cept the wardens. At adjourned meeting April 27 chose : Wardens : Samuel Jones and Fortunatus Barnes. Fence Vietver : Jesse Jewett. Fire JVarden : John Bruce. TOWN OF BERLIN. 37 Highway Surveyors: Mr. Nathan Jones, Ephraim Fair- banks, Levi Meriam, Captain Barnabas Maynard ; all sworn. Tithingmen : Messrs. Robert Fife and Ebenezer Woorster ; both sworn. Hog Reavers : Messrs. Abel Baker, Jonathan Baker ; both sworn. Culler of Hoops and Staves : Mr. Thomas McBride ; sworn. Surveyor of Boards and Shingles : Mr. Jonathan Jones; sworn. Sealer of Leather : Mr. John Temple ; sworn. Attest : Samuel Baker, Moderator. Then voted to adjourn this meeting unto Thursday, the twenty-ninth day of April instant, to meet at four o'clock in the aiternoon, and said meeting is adjourned accordingly. Attest : Samuel Baker, Moderator. April 29, 1784, Four O'clock p. m. The inhabitants of Berlin met according to adjournment at the meeting-house in said Berlin and proceeded as follows, viz., on the second article again taken up : Chose Wardens : Messrs. Samuel Jones, Fortunatus Barnes ; sworn. Fence Viewer: Mr. Jesse Jewett. Fi?'e Ward: Mr. John Bruce. Then voted to choose another constable for this district. Then chose Mr. Thomas Pollard for said constable. Then voted to adjourn this meeting to the 27th day of May next to meet at this place at five o'clock in the afternoon, and said meeting is adjourned accordingly. Attest : Samuel Baker, Moderator. Berlin, May 27th, 1784, Five O'clock p. m. The inhabitants of the district of Berlin met (according to adjournment) at the meeting-house in said Berlin and pro- ceeded as follows, viz., the former moderator not being present : First chose Mr. David Taylor moderator pro temporary. Then the question was put whether the district will accept 38 HISTORY OF THE at this place Mr. Moses Goddard as a constable in the room of Mr. Thomas Pollard, and it passed in the negative. Secondly, the question was put whether the district will ac- cept Mr. Nathan Jones as a constable in the room of Mr. Thomas Pollard, and it passed in the affirmative, the said Nathan Jones engaging that he will take no advantage by way of excusing himself from serving constable for himself when it shall be his turn. Then voted to adjourn this meeting until the first Monday in June next to meet at this place at five o'clock in the after- noon, and said meeting is adjourned accordingly. Attest : David Taylor, Moderator. Berlin, June 7 th, 1784. The inhabitants of said Berlin met according to adjournment at the meeting-house in said dis- trict and voted to dissolve this meeting, and said meeting is dissolved accordingly. Attest : David Taylor, Moderator. Thus ends the first town meeting held on the 1 2th of April, 1784, and continued by adjournment to June 7th, 1784, called under a warrant issued by Hon. vSamuel Baker, Esq., for the purpose of choosing officers for the year ensuing. The Selectmen chosen at the aforesaid meeting on the 1 2th of April, issue their warrant on the 1 4th of that month for a meet- ing April 29th, for the purpose of making grants of money for various purposes and for the transaction of other district business. The meeting held April 29th, 1784, was mainly for the purpose of raising money to defray town charges. The appropriations were as follows: Granted ;^45 (about $150) for repair of highways, to be worked out at 3s. a day for a man, is. 6d. for a yoke of oxen and 9d. for a cart, and eight hours TOWN OF BERLIN. 39 a day's work. At a subsequent meeting granted ^^66, 13s. 4d. for Rev. Reuben Puffer's salary (equal to $222.22), and £s, HS. for twenty cords of wood (about $19). Granted for schooling i^20, and for the support of the poor ^^24, and to glaze the meeting- house ;^8. The currency at this time was in pounds, shillings and pence. A pound was $3-33^, a shilling i6| cents, nine pence 1 2I cents, and 4I pence 6^ cents. Silver coins representing all these were in circula- tion, except the pound. The above grants were evi- dently made in what was called the new emission money, not the old Continental, which had become nearly w-orthless, as the following extract from the records show, May 27, 1784: "Voted, to abate Timothy Bruce's rates t.o Jotham Maynard, Jr., a former collector for the South Parish in Bolton, which sums are as follows, viz.: Of old Continental money, £2^, 9s. Of new emis- sion money, £0, 9s. 3d.," or a reduction of about fifty to one. OLD CONTINENTAL MONEY. In continuing the history of the town, we propose to cull from the records such matters as appear to be of more general interest, under the head of "Gleanings from the Annals," and arrange in topics the more important events, so far as practicable. The town officers will be classified in separate lists for convenience, embracing the entire period of its organic life. We see that the town was well on its course at the close of its first year. The machine was in good working order, competent men were at 40 HISTORY OF THE the head, and care had been taken to provide for the more pressing wants of the community; for high- ways, for schools, for the minister and for the poor, ample provision was made. No appropriations seem to have been made for the services of town officers; probably these were rendered gratis, the honor hav- ing been considered a sufficient remuneration. It is worthy of note that six town meetings were held during the year 1784. From this it luay reasonably OLD CONIINKNTAI. MONEY. be inferred that the fathers hugely enjoyed their newly acquired rights. Having given a brief synopsis of the doings in 1784, we now proceed to relate some of the more important occurrences in 1785. The first of these matters attended to was the schools. The boundaries of the town required new adjust- ments, hence at the March meeting of this year they chose a committee to divide the town into school squadrons. At the April meeting the report of the committee was accepted, and by that report the town TOWN OF BERLIN. 4 1 was divided into four school squadrons, viz., north, south, east and west. The following list contains the names of the heads of families in Berlin at that time, together with the places of residence : NORTH DISTRICT. Samuel Baker (stone house), William Bryant (southwest of Richard Wheeler's), Sam'l Baker, Jr. {'^), Enoch Southwick (John Collins), Edward Baker (?), Jotham Maynard, Jr., (old site north of Frank Bab- cock's), Dr. Hezekiah Gibbs and Hezekiah, Jr., (F. A. Woodward), Amos Meriam (Richard Wheeler's), Pe- ter Grossman (John M. Kelley ), David Southwick and Stephen Sweat (P. A. Randall), Ephraim Fairbanks (on corner), Isaac Moore (Edward L. Wheeler), Amos Allen (northwest of Thomas Berry), James Brewer (northeast of Gaptain Samuel Spofford), John Tem- ple (north of James Brewer's), Moses Goddard (Ful- ler house), Abijah Pratt and Jonathan Green (Daniel Wheeler place) ; one Samuel Gamwell lived south- east of Gaptain Spofford's, hence "Gamble hill;" Andrew MacElwain lived previously on the James Brewer place. SOUTH DISTRICT. Reuben Puffer (W. A. Houghton), Samuel Jones, Jr. (Willis Rice), Timothy Jones (Ghristopher Wheeler), Asa Witt (old shop on same), Jonathan Jones (south of Addison Keyes), Stephen Bailey (Ira Jones), Benjamin Bailey (M. M. Goddard), Ben- jamin Nourse (E. G. Shattuck), Nathan Johnson (C. S. Hastings), Eleazer Johnson (Willard Wheeler), Joshua Johnson (A. B. Allen), Barnabas Maynard 42 HISTORY OF THE (F. C. Lasselle), Joseph Priest (Rufus Wheeler's old place), John and William Brigham (west of New- some's in George W. Tyler's land), David Taylor and Job Spofford (Elisha Bassett), Silas Carley (Aaron Morse), Ebenezer Woorster (Elias L. Wheeler), Jona- than Wheeler and Jonathan, Jr., (C. A. Otterson), Holman Priest (J. J. Randall). EAST DISTRICT. Samuel Jones (tavern), Asa Bride (the old Bride place), Stephen Wheeler (Mrs. George Farwell), Solomon Jones (south of Reed Tyler), Ebenezer Bai- ley (southwest side of Sawyer hill), Aholiab Sawyer (lived near last), John Bruce (George H, Bruce), Ste- phen Coolidge (F. H. Grossman), Josiah Gaskill (E. F. Green), Benjamin Baker (Ira Brown), Joseph Howe (on north edge of pond), Joel Fosgate (George W. and Reuben), Daniel Goodnow (near the pond), Thomas Bride (L. W. Brewer), Josiah Sawyer (W. G. Bruce), William Sawyer (Reed Tyler), Nathan Jones (south end of vSawyer hill), Elijah Foster. WEST DISTRICT. Silas Bailey and Silas, Jr. (Edward Flagg), Barna- bas Bailey (W. B. Morse), Solomon Bowker (on Joseph Priest premises), Silas Wood and Martha Bailey, widow of Lieutenant Timothy (Merrick Eel- ton), James Goddard (Henry J. Sawyer), Phineas Howe (Silas Greenlief), Fortunatus Barnes (W. A. Brown), John Hudson (Ball hill), Jesse Jewett (Clar- ence Spofford), William Babcock (Joseph Turner), Nathan Barker (opposite Levi Babcock's), Nathan Eager (one-half Barber house), Henry Powers (C. B. TOWN OF KKRI.IN. 43 Rathburn), Levi Meriam (hotel), Robert Fife (Jonas Carter), Obadiah Wheeler (^Silas Mills), Nathaniel Hastings (next to Clinton line), Thomas Pollard (John Moran), Silas Houghton (lived later opposite George W. Howard's), Cyrus Houghton (late Mer- rick Sargent). The Larkins were yet of Lancaster. April 4, 17S5. "Voted, that each squadron have Uberty to provide a suitable place for their school as they think best for the present." November 4. "Voted to sell the old school-houses. One of these stood in the corner near Edward Flagg's." THE JURY BOXES ACCEPTED MAY 26, 1 785. The jury boxes as accepted stand as follows, viz. : The jury box for the Court of Common Pleas — Amos Allen, Solomon Bowker, Silas Bailey, Jr., Ste- phen Bailey, Robert Fife, Joel Fosgate, Nathaniel Hastings, Cyrus Houghton, Samuel Jones, Samuel Jones, Jr., Nathan Jones, x\mos Johnson, Jesse Jew- ett, Jonathan Meriam, Levi Meriam, Isaac Moore, Jotham Maynard, Jr., Barnabas Maynard, Henry Powers, Thomas Pollard, Josiah Sawyer* Jr., Job Spofford, John Temple, Ebenezer Worcester. The box for the Superior Court— Eleazer Johnson, James Goddard, David Taylor, Phineas How, Abijah Pratt, Fortunatus Barnes, Timothy Jones, Joshua Johnson. TOWN POUND AND STOCKS, 1 78 5. At a meeting held May 26, 1785, voted "that this district will build themselves a pound;" also voted "that this district will provide themselves stocks." "Voted, that said pound be built of stone." Novem- 44 HISTORY OF THE ber 4, 1785, "voted to allow Samuel Jones twelve shillings for land the pound is built upon and con- veniency to pass in and out of the gate." This pound was built near where Dr. Gotts' barn now stands, and the stocks were erected near the meeting-house. This pound served the wants of the town for fort}'- eight years. In 1833 the new pound (the one now in use) was built on land of Jonathan D. Meriam, h w o h UJ H TOWN OF HRRI.IN. 45 near "Pulpit rocks" (the steep rocky eminence just north). The stocks and probably a whipping post, as they usually went together, were demolished long before the new pound was made. Cost of pound, stocks and land, £g, 9s. 3d. November 4, 1785. Voted to fence the front of the burial field with stone wall four feet high, and "middling handsome." Col. Silas Bailey, Mr. Eleazer Johnson and Levi Meriam, com- mittee. BERLIN TERRITORIALLY. The town of Berlin is situated on the eastern bor- der of Worcester county, adjoining Middlesex county on the east, and is bounded north by Bolton, east by Hudson and Marlboro, south by Northboro, and west by Boylston and Clinton. It is thirty-three miles west of Boston and fourteen northeast from Worcester. Its extreme length, from north to south, is about three and three-quarters miles, and its breadth, from east to west, four and a half miles, con- taining about thirteen square miles. The town is mainly on the southern slope of the Wataquodock hills in Bolton, spurs of which, extending south into Berlin, are known as Barnes' hill in the west, Baker and Wheeler in the north, and vSawyer hill in the east. These are of moderate elevation and suitable for cultivation on their summits. In the central and southern parts, lying between these hills, is a broad plain extending southward into Northboro, rendering this portion of the town well sheltered and protected from storms and blizzards. The main water course in town is the Assabet river on its eastern border, and into this nearlv the 46 HISTORY OF THE entire drainage of the town is conveyed by North brook, one branch of which rises in the northwest part, near Bolton depot, and another in Rack meadow, with a branch from Clamshell pond in Clinton. They unite at West Berlin and form a stream of sufficient volume to operate two mills in the west and one in the south part of the town. Such is the configura-* tion of the land that the water within about a mile of the Nashua river is conveyed easterly into the Assabet and thence into the Concord river, hence the surface Inclines in a gentle descent to the south and east. There is only one natural pond within the limits of the town, known as Gates pond. This, or a place near by, was called by the Indians Kequasagansett, and lies at the eastern base of Sawyer hill. This is now the water supply for the -town of Hudson. This beautiful lake of pure, cold, crystal water, fed by springs, is the favorite resort of pleasure seekers and picnic parties in the summer season ; the eastern shore is studded with cottages and houses for enter- tainment. On the western acclivity is Lake Side, so named by Madam Rudersdoff, the famous singer, who lived there a few years ago. The highest elevation is Mt. Pisgah, a continua- tion of Wataquodock range, in the southwest part of the town. Fine and extensive views are here obtained of Wachusett mountain and the valley of the Nashua on the west, and of the Marlboro hills and valley of the Assabet on the east. Near the centre of the town is a rocky eminence of consider, able height^ called Powder-house hill. From this point charming views of the central plain, reach ing > w h < h w w a: BALANCE ROCK, WHEELER HILL. TOWN OF BERLIN. 47 to Nortliboro and beyond, may be obtained. This huge pile of rocks, from its ruggedness and elevation, serves the double purpose of both protecting the cen- tre village from the northern blasts and relieving the eye from the sameness of view of the adjoining plain. There are three villages in town: the Centre, in- cluding Carterville also; West and South Berlin, in each of which there are a post office and store. The town is distinctively agricultural, and the great variety of soils within its borders renders the town well adapted to horticulture and mixed farming. The hills and uplands are rocky and have a deep black soil suitable for grazing. The central plain and valleys are comparatively free from stones ; the soil, a sandy loam, adapted to the growth of cereals. The geologi- cal survey of the town was made by the state. The basic rock is undoubtedly gneiss. Granite of fair quality for posts and underpinning is found on Barnes' hill, and rocks, more laminated and border- ing on the slate formation, are found near the Centre. In the building of the Central Massachusetts Rail- road, a graphite quarry was opened in the west part, near Snake hill, but of inferior quality. On the sur- rounding hills are numerous boulders, and on Powder-house hill there is one apparently of the lime- stone formation. The nearest of the same kind known is at the Bolton lime-kilns, four miles distant. Pulpit rock, a huge pile, may be seen near the town pound. The well-known boulder on the ascent to Wheeler hill is shown herein. The basic rock is mostly gneiss — mica schist, which abound in the northwest part, many rocks which contain oride of iron. 48 HISTORY OF THE SLEEPING ROCK, The rock south of the Hudson road, between Capt. Silas Sawyer's and George H. Bruce's, has been known as Sleeping rock from the early times, so named in some of the* first deeds. The origin of the name appears to have been from the fact that Indians occasionally used it as a shelter and to sleep under, — two were known so to do, says tra- dition. A shelving part has probably fallen over since that time. This rock was a corner of the original Gates farm. The place was called by the Indians the same as the name of the pond, Kequasa- gansett. FOREST TREES AND ABANDONED FARMS. The forest trees are substantially of the same varieties found in the adjoining towns, the prevailing types being oak, chestnut, pine and walnut ; the hem- lock and rock maple are rarely found, and the beech is still more scarce, as nearly all of the first growth dis- appeared years ago. The acreage given up to the growth of wood has increased within the last few years, but this is the result of leaving old pastures to grow up rather than from the abandonment of farms. Abandoned farms are few in number in comparison with most towns. Three or four, in out-of-the-way places, are all that may be counted. PREPARING FOR A WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN. The town voted August 18, 1794: "That soldiers that shall engage and be ready at a minute's warning, agreeable to orders of the commander-in-chief of this Sleeping Kock. De.\( ON losiAH Sa\vver"s Fa.mols Leai^. TOWN OF BB.RLIN. 49 Commonwealth, shall have their wages made up by this dis- trict to forty shillings per month for all the time they shall be actually engaged in the service by virtue of said orders, and shall have one dollar to each man, bounty, before they muster by themselves, and another before they march to the place of rendezvous, in case they should be called for." As it happened there was no war with Great Britain. The town saved the pay and bounty. This is the first mention of the use of the dollar in our records. TO RATIFY THE TREATY WITH GREAT BRITAIN, 1 796. Soon after the French Revolution, 1792, our com- mercial and other interests suffered severely by reason of the British orders in council, on account of which American vessels trading with France or its depend- encies were seized by British cruisers and our seamen impressed into the British service, and also because of other unjustifiable measures the government of Great Britain pursued towards this country. Washington was president at the time and the matters in controversy were settled by treaty, and consequently the threatened war was averted. The part taken by Berlin was to choose a committee to prepare a memorial to representatives of the Congress, namely: "That it is the wish of this district that the treaty with Great Britain (concluded Nov. 19, 1794) may be car- ried into honorable effect." Chose Dr. Puffer chair- man of committee. Also voted, "that the said memorial when drafted be forwarded to the Hon. Dwight Foster, Esq., with all convenient speed. We find no record of this 5 50 HISTORY OF THE memorial, which probably was drawn up by Dr. Puffer, and was highly commendatory of the course pursued by Washington in the settlement of the' vexatious matters in controversy. The treaty was finally ratified by the Senate and the course of the administration sustained. The trouble grew out of the war between Great Britain and France. Public opinion was divided on the course to be pursued. One party more favorable to France was in favor of a declaration of war against Great Britain, the other party, at the head of which was Washington, was de- sirous of settling the matters in controversy without recourse to arms. This was about the beginning of drawing party lines in this country. Later one party assumed the name of Republican under the head of Thomas Jefferson, the other of Federal under Alex- ander Hamilton. shays' rebellion. The district had barely completed its organization and the affairs of the town were progressing smooth- ly, when an element of discord confronted the peo- ple. It was a test of loyalty to the government. There was a diversity of opinion here, as elsewhere, as to the best method of redressing political griev- ances, whether by the shotgun or by the ballot. The result of the insurrection of 1786 settled the ques- tion. A brief statement of the main facts pertaining to what is known in history as Shays' Rebellion, would seem to be a necessary preface to the presention of the part taken by Berlin in that unhappy contro- TOWN OF BERLIN. 5 1 versy. The country was in a deplorable, unsettled condition for several years after the Revolutionary war. The resources of the nation had been heavily drawn on to carry on the war. The currency had be- come depreciated ; Continental scrip was nearly worth- less; it took a barrel of it to pay for a bushel of com. The people as a consequence felt compara- tively poor, but the debts they had necessarily con- tracted were not lessened, and payment was vigor- ously demanded and enforced by legal process through the courts of law. The sheriffs were busy with their writs and executions issued by the courts without clemency or consideration, as many of the insurgents in this contest believed ; the state taxes were particu- larly heavy and burdensome, and the General Court was complained of for not relieving the grievances of the people ; in fact it was a time of general depression and unrest. Under these circumstances the more bold and audacious of the malcontents conceived the idea of forcibly resisting the authorities and abolish (as seemed to them) the obnoxious courts, which were regarded as mills, whose fees had grown to be excessive and exorbitant. The rebellious element was confined mostly to towns in the interior of the state, and various conventions had been held at dif- ferent times and places for the redress of grievances from the close of the Revolutionary war to 1 786. It appears by record that our town was somewhat mixed up in this affair, as Berlin sent William Sawyer as a delegate to the convention at Paxton held on the last Tuesday of September, 1786, at the house of Mr. Snow, innholder, and also at the Worcester convention, for which service the town 52 HISTORY OF THE paid him £i, los. 6d. for seven days' time and ex- penses. It may reasonably be inferred that some Berlin men were in the insurgent ranks. No record- ed report of Mr. Sawyer is found, but a letter from the town of Boston was read, which had a quieting effect. The vote of the town for governor was changed this year from James Bowdoin to John Hancock. The latter was supposed to be more in sympathy with the rebellious elements. The result of the agitation in convention and otherwise was the concentration of the bellicose elements into a mobocratic army, headed by one Daniel vShays, who had been a captain in the Revolutionary service. Our space does not admit for an extended account of this rebellion, which lasted only a few months in the latter part of 1786 and the winter of 1787. The insurgents to the number of nearly 1,000 met at Worcester Dec. 5, 1786, and prevented for the time being the sitting of the court. The same manoeuvre was repeated at Springfield the 26th of the same month. The rebels finally resolved to seize the arsenal at Springfield and help themselves to arms and ammunition. The attack was made on the 25th of January, 1787, and proved to be a Waterloo defeat to the insurgents, who retreated northerly and were followed by General Lincoln with the government troops, and the last of them were finally scattered and dispersed ^ in the vicinity of Pelham and Petersham. In closing, it is but just to say that Judge Baker was a tower of strength for the maintenance of law and order, and by his influence the town was kept from more serious entanglement in this unhappy con- flict. TOWN OF BERLIN. 53 DIVISION OF THE SCHOOL MONEY WANTED BY THE FRIENDS. March 9, 1789. "The question was put whether the dis- trict will allow Obadiah Wheeler, Jonathan Wheeler, Stephen Wheeler, Enoch Southwick, David Southwick, Thomas Holder and Thomas Watson to have their school money and lay it out for schooling amongst themselves ; it passed in the negative.' Voted, that if Jonathan Wheeler, Jr., takes the constable's oath he shall be exempted from collecting- ministerial taxes. Jonathan was probably conscien- tiously scrupulous about either paying or collecting- such taxes. ADMIT PETER LARKIN. February 3, 1790. "Voted that Peter Larkin with his fam- ily and interests be received to and incorporated with the dis- trict of Berlin, agreeable to his request and the vote of the town of Lancaster." An act to set off Peter Larkin with his family and estate from the town of Lancaster to the district of Berlin : Section i. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- resentatives, in General Court assembled and by authority of the same, that Peter Larkin of Lancaster, in the county of Worcester, with his family and estate be and hereby are set off from the said town of Lancaster and annexed to the district of Berlin, in said county of Worcester, and shall hereafter be considered as part of the same, there to do duty and receive privileges as the other inhabitants of the said district. Sec. 2. Provided, nevertheless, that said Peter Larkin shall be held to pay his proportion of all such state and county taxes as shall be laid by the Legislature upon said town of Lan- 54 HISTORY OF THE caster, before the settlement of another valuation, the passing of this act notwithstanding. This act passed February 8, 1791. 1795- The district of Berlin was surveyed by Jonathan Meriam and Nathaniel Longley and a plan sent to the state, assisted by Job Spofford, Ephraim Howe, Samuel Baker, Levi Meriam, Captain Samuel Jones and Peter Larkin. GLEANINGS FROM THE ANNALS, 1 797- The militia of the district organized this year, granted ^^40 to defray necessary charges, including cost of ammunition for the soldiers. April 3, 1797, voted that the Selectmen provide a sufhcient quantity of powder, balls and flints, legally, to equip the militia of this district. 1798. April 2d the question of dividing Worcester coun- ty was submitted to the voters, and the result was thirty-four voted against the measure and none for it. 1799. April I . Granted ;^8o to be worked out on new county road, beginning at Lancaster line and work towards the meeting-house. Voted, that the tax on dogs be for the support of the poor. 1800. April 7. Voted to petition the Court of Sessions for an allowance of $500 to enable said district to TOWN OF BERLIN. 55 make and pay for said road. Amos Johnson and James R. Parks, the committee, reported September 1 5 th and the town voted not to accept their report, which probably was adverse to the prayer of the petitioners. December 29th, "chose Jonathan Mer- iam, Levi Meriam and John Larkin a committee to signify to the representatives of Bolton and Berlin the wish of this district that the proposed turnpike road, especially from Sudbury causeway to Waltham, should be opposed with all his influence." The reason for this action does not appear. 1802. Town grants first made in Federal money. Repaired the house bought for accommodation of the poor (see article, "House for the Poor"). 1803. April 4. Voted, "that the Friends or Quakers shall have their proportion of school money, pro- vided they lay out said money in this district under the discretion of the School Committee." 1804. Granted $30 for a singing school. Voted, that the soldiers' uniform hats be paid for by this district and in care of the Selectmen. HEARSE AND HEARSE HOUSE, 1805. March 4. Granted $100 to provide a hearse and build a hearse house. Chose Levi Meriam, Solomon Howe and Henry Powers, committee. 1806. A part of Northboro annexed to Berlin. 56 HISTORY OF THE January 6. Voted, to instruct our representative to use liis influence in favor of the petition of James R. Parks for the setting" of all his land in Berlin. The prayer of the petitioner was granted, as appears by an act of the General Court passed Februar}^ 15 th, 1806. Before this date the mills in the south part and most of the pond were in Northboro. CHANGE OF THE NORTHBORO LINE, 1806. "An act to set off part of the town of Northborough and annex the same to the district of Berlin, and to set off part of said dis- trict of Berlin and annex the same to the said town of North- borough. "Section i. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- resentatives in General Court assembled and by the authority of the same, that all the lands and buildings thereon, lying northerly of the line herein described, belonging to the town of Northborough, in the county of Worcester, be and hereby are set off from the said town of Northborough and annexed to the dis- trict of Berlin, in same county of Worcester, and that all the land lying southerly of said line belonging to the said dis- trict of Berlin, be and hereby is set off from said district of Berlin and annexed to the said town of Northborough, viz. : Said line beginning at a stake and stones on the line between Marl- borough and said Berlin, twenty-four rods from the northwest corner of said Marlborough ; thence north thirty- three degrees, west 226 rods to a stake and stones on the line between said Northborough and said district of Berlin. Passed February 15, 1806." Sec. 2. About taxation omitted. 1807. January 19. Voted $500 to repair Rev. Mr. Puf- fer's house. Assessed on those liable to the minis- terial tax. TOWN OF BERLIN. 5 7 WELL ON THE COMMON. September 2. "Voted, that Mr. vSolomon Howe have liberty to dig a well on the Common." This is the well in front of the Town House. 1808. April 25. Dr. Puffer a missionary. "Agreed with Dr. Puffer that his salary should be $222.22, to begin March i, 1809, and continue at that rate while gone on a missionary service." This serv- ice was in the state of Maine. 1809. February 6. Voted, to petition the Legislature to interpose for relief, etc. (See article, "War of 18 12.") Voted $30 for a singing school. 1810. March 5. Chose Daniel Brigham, Stephen Bailey and Dexter Fay to attend to the inoculation of cow pox. October 8, voted, to procure fifty-four knap- sacks for the soldiers belonging to this district. 1811. June 3. Voted, to petition to the General Court to be incorporated into a town. Chose Stephen Bai- ley, James R. Parks and Solomon Howe to be the agents. Voted, to instruct said agents to request Hon. Silas Holman, Esq., and our representatives to use their influence to forward said incorporation. 58 HISTORY OF THE CHAPTER IV. ACT OF INCORPORATION. THE DISTRICT MADE A TOWN, l8l2. COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. In the Year of our Lord One Thousand, Eight Hundred and Twelve. An act to incorporate the district of Berhn into the town of BerUn. Section i . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- resentatives in General Court assembled^ and by the authority of the same : That the district of Berhn, in the county of Worcester, be and hereby is incorporated into a town by the name of Berhn, subject to the hke duties and requirements, vested with all the powers, privileges and immunities which other towns do or may enjoy, agreeably to the Constitution and laws of the Commonwealth. Sec. 2. Be it further enacted, that either of the justices of the peace for the county of Worcester be and he is hereby au- thorized to issue a warrant directed to a freeholder, an inhabi- tant of the said town of Berlin, requiring him to notify and warn the freeholders and other legal voters thereof, to meet at such convenient time and place as shall be appointed in said warrant, for the choice of such officers as towns are by law re- quired to choose and appoint at their annual town meetings, February 6th. Recorded March 11, 1812. Dexter Fay, Town Clerk. ».O.f \Li> / l:.U,„i.v\ ■/•• rCARTfciR^l ^ o./Vi..-.. MAP OF BERLIN, TOWN OF BERLIN. 59 Agreeably to the act of incorporation, Levi Mer- iam, Esq., issued his warrant to Ephraim Babcock to notify and warn the inhabitants qualified to vote, to meet at their meeting-house on the second day of March at one o'clock p. m,, for the choice of town officers. didn't want the town larger. An article in a warrant issued March 23d, 18 12, was: "To see if the town will receive a certain number of the in- habitants of the town of Lancaster, that is, following Boylston line from Mr. John Larkin's to Lancaster river, running with the river fourteen rods below the bridge by Mr. John Goss', then to Bolton line with the inhabitants thereon, and act any- thing relative thereto that may be thought proper." The vote taken on the above was : "That it is not expedient to have said inhabitants with lands annexed to the town of Berlin." The reason for rejecting this application does not appear, but it may be because it would change the centre to some point more westwardly. First representative to the General Court was Cap- tain Henr}' Powers, chosen May 4th, 18 12, and was chosen seven other times until 1830. WAR OF 18 1 2. The general sentiment of the town in relation to the prosecution of the war against Great Britain, 18 1 2-1 5, was evidently in unison with that of most of the towns in this Commonwealth. While they opposed the policy of the administration, they were ready to support the government by personal service whenever called upon to defend the state from foreign 6o HISTORY OF THE invasion. The very brief records found of the doings of the town pertaining to this war indicate a degree of lukewarmship quite in contrast with the patriotic zeal manifested in the War of the Rebellion. During this period the town voted nearly unanimously for Governor Caleb Strong, although he resolutely re- fused to comply with the orders of the secretary of war to furnish 10,000 men as the quota of Massa- chusetts, but instead proposed to organize the militia and have them ready on call for the defense of the state if invaded by the enemy. In this proceeding the governor was evidently in error in thus attempt- ing to establish the supremacy of the state over that of the general government — a doctrine afterwards followed by the southern states in acts of nullifica- tion and secession under the plea of "states' rights," The vote for governor in 181 2 was: For Honorable Caleb Strong, Esq., ninety-five votes; for His Excel- lency Elbridge Gerry, Esq., two votes. Gerry was known to be in favor of prosecuting the war. The town as early as 1 808 took action against the enforcement of the embargo, and again at a meeting held February 6, 1809, "voted to petition the Legis- lature of this state to interpose for our constitutional relief against the late arbitrary and unjust violations of the rights of the people;" chose Barnabas May- nard, James R. Parks and Amos Johnson, commit- tee, to draft the petition. After hearing the petition read, "voted unanimously to send it to the Legislature of the state." At a town meeting held July 4, 1 8 1 2, a still stronger opposition to the prosecution of the war appears from the records. TOWN OF BERLIN'. 6 1 The article on which the action was taken reads thus : "To take into consideration the present alarming situation of our public affairs and act anything relative thereto that may be thought proper." "Voted the following resolutions unanimously : 'That circumstanced as this country is with respect to the principal belligerents, we cannot but deem it improper and hazardous to resign our neutral position and involve ourselves in measures which, if we escape without loss of independence and our dearest rights, must of necessity inflict a lasting wound on our national prosperity. That we view with deep emotions of grief and even horror the participation of the government in a war unexampled in the annals of civil society. A war under- taken, not in defense, but for the extirpation of the rights of man, which has long deluged Europe in blood and threatens destruction to the remaining liberties of the world. That al- though we hold ourselves in readiness to expend our lives and property for our beloved country when called to its just de- fense against foreign aggression, yet it is with extreme reluc- tance that we are compelled to take up arms in a contest which, after the best information we have been able to obtain, is, in our deliberate judgment, unnecessary, impolitic and unjust. That such is the unhappy situation in which we are placed, that success in this war in our opinion would be the greatest misfortune that could happen to our country, by weakening the resistance of Britain to the overwhelming power of France, and thereby leaving us no alternative but that of submitting without a struggle to the will of the conqueror ; that the shedding of human blood (at all times an awful consideration and never to be resorted to but in the failure of every means of considera- tion) will in the present case, we fear, enhance our national guilt and draw down upon us the righteous vengeance of heaven. That while we utterly detest and will discountenance all combinations against lawful authority, we will not fail to co- 62 HISTORY OF THE operate and unite with other towns in all lawful and constitutional methods to bring the war we so highly deprecate to a speedy and effectual termination." "Voted unanimously that the foregoing be adopted as being the sense of the inhabitants of this town." The records are silent as to the author of these resolutions. No committee was appointed to draft them and no person is named as having presented them. The resolutions are certainly clothed with vigorous language. It is quite possible that Dr. Puffer may have been the author. No one can fail to note that the principal reason assigned for the op- position to the war was that Britain might be so weakened by the war as to be unable to resist the overwhelming power of France, or in other words, our fathers here of 1 8 1 2 were fearful and apprehen- sive that Napoleon Bonaparte, then emperor of France, if not checked in his conquering career by the power of Great Britain, would, like Alexander the Great, seek other worlds to conquer. With Europe at his feet, it was thought quite probable that he would attempt to recover at least so much of America as was lost to France fifty years before, and conse- quently the liberties of our country would be crushed tinder the tread of his hostile legions, but this dread apprehension was unreal. The empire of Napoleon was then tottering on the brink of ruin, and soon fell to rise no more. The rolls of the militia are wanting; not to be found in the state archives at Boston. With these at hand we would be glad to present the names of those who stood ready at their country's call. We can only premise that a goodly number enlisted in TOWN OF BERLIN. 63: the army or navy and did good service, as their fathers did in the War of the Revolution. At a town meeting held on the 5th of April, 18 13, voted "to allow the soldiers one-quarter of a pound of powder in addition to what the law gives them." War was declared June 18, 1812, and intelligence of the same reached Boston five days later, and, as the General Court was then in session, the governor at once communicated it to the representatives of the people. Immediately the House prepared an address, which was adopted by a vote of nearly two to one, re- gretting the event and expressing their opinion of its impolicy and inexpediency. The action of the Senate was directly opposite, and that body adopted and pub- lished an address approving the war and declaring it, in their opinion, just and necessary. The fore- going resolutions, passed by the town, contain substantially the sentiments expressed by the House in their address, and these were in accordance with the views of a large majority of the people of the state. The political party opposed to the war was known at that time as the Federal party, and those in favor of prosecuting the war as the Democratic or Republican. The former of these received its death blow by the Hartford Convention, an assembly of Federalists convened at Hartford, Ct, Dec. 15, 18 14, to oppose the further prosecution of the war. The Convention was accused of treasonable designs by their opponents. However this may have been, the war party became popular with the people through- out the country. The war was brought to a suc- cessful close by the treaty of Ghent, Dec. 24, 18 14. The battle of New Orleans was fought Jan. 8, 18 15,. 64 HISTORY OF THE fifteen days after the treaty was signed. No stib- marine wire connected the two continents at that time. The victory at New Orleans, the crowning event, was everywhere applauded, and the Legisla- ture of Massachusetts, by a handsome majority, passed a vote of thanks to General Jackson and his brave associates for their defense of that place. The following lines, composed by the poet, Silas Ballou, are a part of a patriotic song published soon after the close of the war, and extensivel}^ circulated throughout the country at that time, and have oc- casionally appeared in the papers since: What wonders did brave Jackson do, When aided by high Heaven ! Their leader and four thousand slew, And lost but only seven; Some interposing angel's hand Repelled their vile intrusion — The remnant of their broken band Fled off in sad confusion. They passed through numerous trying scenes, In most of them defeated; Their grand defeat at New Orleans The bloody scene completed. , Soon after this sweet peace arrived, Our armies were disbanded; Our scattered foes who had survived The war, were home commanded. What has our infant country gained By fighting that old nation? . Our liberties we have maintained, And raised our reputation. We've gained the freedom of the seas, Our seamen are released, Our mariners trade where they please, Impressments, too, have ceased. TOWN OF BERLIN. 65 Now, in ourselves we can confide; Abroad we are respected; We've checked the rage of British pride, Their haughtiness corrected. First, to the God of wondrous power. Be thanks and adoration; Next, Madison, the wondrous flower And jewel of our nation. Next, Congress does our thanks demand. To them our thanks we tender; Our heroes, next, by sea and land. To them our thanks we render. Let us be just, in union live, Then who will dare invade us? If any should, our God will give His angels charge to aid us. THE POWDER HOUSE BUILT. At a town meeting held March 7, 18 14, "voted to huild a powder house." "Then voted to choose a committee of three persons to build said house, and chose Captain Henry Powers, Deacon Stephen Bai- ley, Captain vSolomon Howe." TITHINGMEN, 1815. Who were tithingmen ? And what were they for? These questions may be asked without creating any wonder or surprise. They long ago disappeared from the list of officers annually chosen, but why needed then and not now? They suddenly disappeared in 1 84 1, and haven't shown their heads since. Was it possible they were infected with the Millerite craze, which raged about this time, thinking their services might not be longer needed, the great conflagration being so near at hand, or was it found that they were practically of no use whatever? The latter 66 HISTORY OF THE theory is probably correct. Their principal duties were to keep order on the Sabbath, and especially to have an eye on roguish boys and sleepy heads at church. With long poles they were required to rap the craniums of such of the world's people (but more especially those of the younger ones) who were not paying due attention to the tenth, eleventh and twelfthly of the second sermon. The town usually had three ; but occasionally six, when whistles and jewsharps were plenty. PASSED USEFULNESS. GLEANINGS FROM THE ANNALS — MORE TLrHINGMEN NEEDED, 1815. Chose John Larkin, Alvan Sawyer and Silas Moss- man in addition to Theophilus Nourse and Joseph Howe, already chosen. 1816. Voted to give Captain Ephraim Howe leave to build two tombs in the burying ground. TOWN OF BERLIN. 67 Voted to remove the hearse house to land given by Hollis Johnson at the corner of the burying ground. 1 8 1 6 is remembered b}^ the older inhabitants as an exceptionally cold year. No corn ripened in New England, and to add to the discomforts of the people here, many suffered losses from the September gale, or great tornado, as it was more generally called. Many of the best timber lots in town were leveled with the ground. Nathan Johnson's wood lot was swept down. Many others in the line of the hurri- cane sustained severe losses in buildings and timber destroyed. 1817. Voted to give certain persons leave to build stables on the Common, by agreeing with the Selectmen where said stables shall stand. December 22. Voted to adjourn the meeting to Solomon Howe's Inn. The reason was probably "to warm up." DIVISION OF THE SCHOOL MONEY, 1818. May 4. "Voted to let the Friends in Berlin have their part of money which they pay for schooling and hire a master of their denomination and lay it out in any school-house in said Berlin, to be a free school." 1819. February 8. Chose Ephraim Babcock as their agent to act against the Friends drawing their school money and carrying it to Bolton. 68 HISTORY OF THE March i . Voted the Selectmen as a committee to settle with Solomon Howe on account of the late property left the town by Joseph Priest. April 5. Granted $40 for a singing school and chose Thomas Brigham, Jr., Ephraim Goddard and William Sawyer a committee to lay out the money. 1820. March 6. Accepted a plan of the Common made by Nathaniel Longley, Esq. May I . Voted to sell a piece of land to Shepherd and Dwight, near the west school-house, to build on. October 16. Voted to send Captain Amos Sawyer a delegate to the convention for the purpose of re- vising or altering the Constitution. 1821. April 9. The votes cast in favor of fourteen arti- cles of amendment to the Constitution as made by the convention of November 15, 1820, and before the time for action, was 1 23 in the aggregate in favor and 1,020 against, or an average of nearly eight in favor of each article and nearly seventy-three against. 1823. March 3. Granted by vote $50 in addition for a reading and writing school, probably the first select school in town, — where kept? In the BuUard house, probably. June 3. Voted to petition the General Court to pass an act to enable the town to assess a tax on the pews for the repair of their meeting-house ; chose Captain Amos Sawyer agent. TOWN OF BERLIN. 69 September 9. Chose Oliver Sawyer, Ephraim Babcock and William Jones to prepare for repairing their meeting'-house. Voted said committee to prepare the underpinning- stones this fall and set them next winter. 1824. April 5. Voted ''to sell the town house and land where the Widow Bruce lives." (See article, "House for the Poor.") NEW MEETING-HOUSE. September 7. The first mention of the movement for the building of a new meeting-house was at this date. The question was whether they would build a new meeting-house or repair the old one. They voted to repair, but at a meeting held November i they tried the question again, and the result was thirty-four in favor of building and thirty-four against. At a meeting held December 8, 1824, they voted to build a new meeting-house, but at the adjourned meeting April 4, 1825, the above vote was modified: "Provided they can build said house for $4,000 above the underpinning stones." NEW MEETING-HOUSE, 1 825. June 27. Voted to set the new meeting-house on or near where the old one now stands. The committee chosen to appraise the old pews was: Colonel Jotham Bush, Lovat Peters, Esq., and Silas Felton, Esq. Chose Oliver Sawyer, Hollis Johnson and Joseph Parks a Building Committee, and nine others to act as counsel to the committee. 7P HISTORY OF THE Report of the committee chosen to present a plan : May 2 "Berlin, June 27, 1825. To the inhabitants of the town of BerHn in public town meeting assembled : Your com- mittee appointed at a previous meeting to prepare a plan for a contemplated new meeting-house now present you with a plan, the dimensions and construction to be as follows, viz. : Fifty feet long and forty-seven feet wide, exclusive of the projec- tion, the pulpit to be at one end of the house, with three pews on the lower floor, the pews to be eight and one-half feet long and three feet wide. The aisles to be three in number, the broad aisle to be five feet wide, the others to be three feet, and to be by the wall of the house, instead of having wall pews. Our reasons for having no wall pews are three : "First. That in our opinion there will be a greater circula- tion of air through the house than if part of'the congregation were sitting close by the windows. "Second. That not so many of the assembly will sit under the galleries, which is generally considered not so agreeable as otherwise. "Third. That the hearers will all sit facing the speaker. The galleries to be eight or nine feet wide and at the projection to be built over it for the accommodation of the choir of singers, the projection to be seven feet wide ; also that there be a well proportioned cupola, etc. This we respectfully submit to you, gentlemen, for your consideration, wishing that so solemn a transaction as the building a house for the worship of God may be conducted with prudence, wisdom and harmony." Major Oliver Sawyer, Dexter Fay, Joseph Parks, Ephraim Babcock, Edward Johnson, Amos Sawyer and Jonathan D. Meriam, Com- mittee. 1826. March 16. "Voted that D. D. R. Puffer preach at the different school-houses the present season." "Then voted that the town meetings be held at the house of Solomon Howe the ensuing sea.son." TOWN OF BERLIN. 7 1 August 28. Chose Oliver Sawyer, Hollis John- son and Joseph Parks a committee to purchase a bell and prepare apparatus to hang the bell. November 3. The report of the Building Commit- tee accepted. Whole cost of the house, $4,516.52. Among the items which make up the above accounts was $98 for "entertainment" at the raising of the meeting-house. The house was dedicated Novem- ber 15, 1826. RETURN THANKS, 1 826. December 4. Voted the thanks of the town to Mr. Levi Meriam and Mrs, Nancy Babcock of Boston for their generous offer of a furnace for the meeting- house. 1827. March 5. Granted $400 to pay for the bell. STRUGGLE FOR A SCHOOL IN THE CENTRE. May, 1827. A petition was sent to the General Court by residents in the middle of the town for a school-house in the Centre. The town chose Daniel Wheeler to oppose it. He made a map of the town showing the location of every house. The petition- ers had leave to withdraw. December 10. The following bill was laid before the town and acted on as follows: "To give the peti- tioners the privilege of^ drawing one-fifth part of the school money that is granted and expended in said town till said town shall agree to build a school-house for the convenience of the petitioners and other in- habitants of said town to expend said money in, on condition the petitioners will withdraw their petition 72 HISTORY OF THE and provide a place free of expense to said town and make it known to the vSelectmen annuall}^ on or be- fore the day of holding" their annual March meeting." Votes taken on the bill by yeas and nays as fol- lows: Yeas 29, nays 45. WHERE TOWN MEETINGS WERE HELD, 1 828. March 3. The town meetings for 1826-7 had been held at the house of Solomon Howe. The March meeting, 1828, was held at Samuel Spofford's hall, and it was there voted the town meetings be held at the school-houses in rotation; first at the south house. This continued till 1831, when the town house on the Common was built. NEW COUNTY. April 7, 1828. At south school-house; "required to bring in their votes by yeas and nays to the Se- lectmen by ballot for or against the formation of a new county from the following towns, viz. : Royal- ston, Winchendon, Athol, Templeton, Gardner, Westminster, Ashburnham, Fitchburg, Leominster, Lunenburg, Princeton, Hubbardston, Phillipston, Lancaster, Bolton and Harvard from the county of Worcester, and the towns of Groton,_ Shirley, Pep- perell, Ashby and Townsend from the county of Mid- dlesex, as prayed for in the petition of Ivers Jewett and others." "There were fifty-seven votes brought in by ballot against the formation of said county" and none for. THE OLD TOWN HOUSE, 1830. May 27. "Voted to build a town house to do pub- lic business in." Chose Ephraim Babcock, Timothy I TOWN OF BERLIN. 73 Bailey and Jonathan D. Meriam, committee. Di- mensions 28x33, posts twelve feet, cost $500. The house was first used for a town meeting October 24, 1831. THE TOWN AND CHURCH DIVIDED, 1 838. After the death of Dr. Puffer, 1 829, the question of his successor was agitated for some time, but finally the town made choice of Rev. Robert F. Wal- cott. The church protested against the action of the town ; nearly all the members seceded, chose another minister and built a new meeting-house. (See arti- cle on " Ecclesiastical Affairs.") 1832. November 17. "Voted that the Congregational Society be set off as a parish." CHANGE TO THE SCHOOL DISTRICT SYSTEM, 1 83 5. March 7. Voted to sell the old school-houses and the proceeds appropriated for schooling in each of the five districts. The bell on the meeting-house having been broken, the town voted to pay for recasting the same. "The committee reported the west school-house is too small." March 30. "Voted that Mr. Josiah Bride have the use of the town house to keep school in." 1836. April 18. The town relinquished all right and in- terest in and to the meeting-house and all right to the bell and other appurtenances connected with said house, but an article relating to the meeting-house Common they voted to pass over. 74 HISTORY OF THE The year 1837 is remembered as one of financial distress throughout the country. Bankruptcy and ruin prevailed to an alarming extent, caused largely by over-speculation in wild-cat money. Similar dis- asters have overtaken the country nearly every twen- ty years since. TOWN CENSUS. The census of Berlin was taken by the Assessors May I, 1837. Number of inhabitants, 724. SURPLUS REVENUE, 184O. The town voted " that their proportion of the surplus revenue be brought into town, taking it from the hands of the state treasurer." Voted not to divide the money according to population, but to loan it on real estate security. The money was used later for building the Clinton and other roads. LAWSUIT, BERLIN AGAINST BOLTON, 1 843. October 23. Previous to date the town had been engaged, as plaintiff or defendant, in eight or more lawsuits, mostly pauper cases, but none assumed the importance of this, which was carried to the Supreme Court on points of law. Berlin brought an action against Bolton to recover expenses incurred for the support of Timothy Brooks Wheeler and his wife, paupers, whose settlement was alleged to be in Bol- ton. At the trial, in the Court of Common Pleas, before Wells, C. J., the only point in dispute was the settlement of the paupers. It was admitted by the defendants that Timothy B. Wheeler formerly had his settlement in Bolton, and that it still continued there, unless he had acquired one in Berlin. It was TOWN OF BERLIN. 75 agreed that said Wheeler had resided in Berlin ever since the year 1826, and no taxes had been there assessed to or paid by him. But the defendants contended that, notwithstanding the omissions of the Assessors of Berlin, he had acquired a settlement there ; and they offered evidence to prove that during more than five years, in ten successive years, said. Wheeler was possessed of real and personal estate, and that the omission of said Assessors to tax him was not on account of his age, infirmity or povert}^, or through mistake, but in order to prevent his ac- quiring a settlement in Berlin. The judge ruled that said evidence w#s inadmissible, and rejected it. A verdict was thereupon rendered for the plaintiffs, and defendants alleged exceptions to said ruling. The case was carried to the vSupreme Court on the exceptions, and the ruling of Judge Wells was sus- tained and Bolton lost the case. This Timothy Brooks Wheeler lived at vStone's corner, in the house later owned by Isaac Stone. The Assessors omitted to tax him, apprehending that he might become a pauper and the town have him to support. The agents on the part of the town to conduct the suit were Lewis Carter and Captain Samuel Spofford, and their lawyers were Rejoice Newton and B. F. Thomas. The attorney for the defendant was F. H. Dewey. THE TOWN FURNISHED COFFINS. A very singular proceeding on the part of the town occurred in 1843, in voting " that a contract be made with some person or persons to furnish coffins for the dead, at a price to be paid by the town not ex- 76 HISTORY OF THE ceeding $2.50 each for persons above the age of fif- teen years, and $1.50 each for persons below that age." In 1859 it was voted that the town furnish all its inhabitants with coffins who will accept of such as the town, will furnish, and none should cost over $4.50, and later voted to pay $5. Voted, also, the services of the sexton be paid by the town. The practice of paying as above was abandoned a few years later. The year 1 843 was one of great religious excite- ment in many parts of the country* on account of a supposed catastrophe which was about to occur. Many in various places had espoused the doctrines of one William Miller of A^ermont, who predicted, from prophetic ciphering, that the world would come to an end this year and that Christ would reappear. •Some citizens in this vicinity were affected with this mania. The day was fixed, the ascension robes pre- pared, and, at the appointed time, the believers as- sembled on a high hill, robed in their saintly regalia, to ascend to mansions in the skies, but, after waiting all day long to hear the trumpet blow, they retired to their several terrestrial abodes, wondering, no doubt, why it was that the Lord had delayed His coming. One man, a native of this town, gave his farm to a man for his support up to the appointed time, reason- ing that it would be of no use to him after his eleva- tion to a seat on high. OWNERSHIP OF THE COMMON AND REMOVING TREES, 1846. The question of the ownership of the Common was raised this year and a committee was chosen " to TOWN OF BERLIN. 77' ascertain the rights of any in the Common." The town and the parish both laid claim to it. So sure was the town of its being the rightful owner that they voted " that the persons who set out trees on the town's Common remove the same free from ex- pense to the town," and chose a committee to fix the bounds of the Common, Esquire J. D. Meriam chair- man. The sequel of this tree business was that during a night soon after the above action, most of the trees w^ere sawed off near the ground. Luther Babcock, of Berlin, was convicted of the crime and served a term in jail for the offense. One other tree of larger dimensions, near the Common, was con- sidered a public nuisance by Esquire Meriam, and he removed it. For this act he was subjected to ex- pense and costs in defending himself, which was re- funded to him by the town, as appears by the follow- ing, March I, 1847: "Voted to instruct the Select- men to indemnify Jona. D. Meriam, by giving him an order on the treasurer for his expenses and trouble in defending himself from a suit brought against him from the state, for removing a tree from the county road near the meeting house Common." The young trees now on the Common were set out 1881. The contention about the ownership of the Common was finally settled 1868, by a decision of Judge Mellen,. substantially in favor of the parish. ROADS. Berlin has ever been noted for the excellency of its roads. The main thoroughfares, when well trodden, present a hard, smooth surface like unto adamant. This is due largely to the material used„ 78 HISTORY OF THE In various parts of the town are found gravel beds, the material of which, mixed with loam,, forms a concrete not readily affected by frost or rain. It will be noted by the observer that most of the roads run in a northerly and southerly direction, owing, in part, to the fact that the hills, valleys and water courses extend the same way, and owing, also, to the fact that most of the very first settlements were made from the north, from Lancaster and Bolton, hence roads were extended into this territory as settlements were made and extended further south as farms were taken up. The earliest of these was the road in the northwest part from Lancaster, where some of the Houghtons settled. vSoon after, the road by Rich- ard Wheeler's was laid out, and the road over Wheeler hill, by Isaac Moore's. Again, about the same time, the Hog swamp road, on to Sawyer hill, but not over it, together with the road into the Holder neighborhood, was built. In 1795, as appears by the map made at that time, the main thoroughfare through town was the road over W^heeler hill and Barnes' hill by the meeting-house. None of these, or any others known, were built before about 1720, but four or five families were in town a,t that time, includ- ing those on the Assabet belonging to Marlboro. Not many settlements antedate the separation from Lan- caster, 1738, hence the demand for roads was limited to the wants of very few. After the excision from Lancaster, and while a part of Bolton, the bulk of our territory was settled and nearly all of the old roads were built during this period, and these were made where people were obliged to travel, — to go to mill, to go to meeting, to go to the County Court at rOVVN OF BERLIN. 79 Worcester and to the General Court at Boston, the latter being the market place, then as now, for their products. To meet their milling necessities, they must needs first have roads to Lancaster and then to Feltonville, before Goddard's and Pollard's mills were built. The old Boylston road was the way most used to Worcester. To go to Boston, they connected with the old Bay road through Hog swamp, by Avery Newton's and "■ Spectacle hill," or else the road by the Holder and Brigham's bridge to Marlboro (bridge built 1699). The Car-lys, and others in the south part, went by way of Robbin hill to Marlboro, and thence vSudbury and Boston. Our space does not admit of an extended record of the roads laid out before we became a town, nor shall we trespass on the time of the reader in pre- senting all the dry details of laying out, altering, ex- tending and discontinuing most of the roads since that date, but brief mention will be made of the more important thoroughfares laid out by the Com- missioners and vSelectmen from time to time. The road south of Rufus Wheeler's was laid out 1784, as also were the roads north and northeast of Francis Babcock's, to take the place of other old roads. In 1 798 the old county road was laid out, extend- ing from "Beaman's bridge to Berlin meeting- house." The same was extended eastward to vStone's corner. The mail stage ran over this road from Barre to Boston. In 1 80 1 the old Boylston road by the James God- dard place was built, or changed in location in some parts. From this date onward, for some years, no important roads were laid out or changes made, 8o HISTORY OF THE except that we note that certain bridle ways were converted into open ways. For instance, the road from Sanderson Carter's to Henry Powers' was opened 1837, also the Asa Bride bridle way in 1853, and some short pieces made. In 1 841 the road from the Aaron Morse farm to Hudson was laid out in place of the older way. In 1 843 the road from Calvin Smith's (Newsome's) to Northboro line, was laid out, diverting the travel from the old road by the Hal. Bailey place. In 185 1 the road from West Berlin to Clinton was completed. In 1852 the road from Oliver Fosgate's to New Worcester was made, and extended to the depot in 1868. In 1853 the road from vSouth Berlin, by Wheeler's mills, was built. In 1868-9 the straight road from the south part, and also the Jones road (so called), both leading tO' the depot, were made. In 1 869 the Barnes' hill road was laid out from the bridge to near L. Bruce's. In 1 87 1 the way west of Carterville to the hotel was built by the Massachusetts Central Railroad Company, in place of the old road north of the rail- road ; also, at same time, the railroad company built a road extending west of the hotel to the Rand place, including a part of the old county road. In 1 88 1 the straight road on the south side of the railroad, extending from the hotel to the Rand place, was built by the railroad company. This was made to avoid two crossings of the railroad. The road from L. W. Brewer's to M. R, Tyler's was built 1885.. TOWN OF BERLIN. 8 1 We have thirty-nine miles and forty-seven rods of roads in town, with an annual appropriation of about $i,ooo for repairs. No other roads are apparently needed for many years to come, unless some electric road courses our streets, necessitating- a change of location at certain points. BRIDGES. The iron bridge over the Assabet, east of the Aaron Morse place, was built 1888. Of those over North brook three are of stone, the rest are plank. HOUSE FOR THE POOR. In 1802 the town bought of Samuel vSpofford a small one-story house and about one-half acre of land " for the accommodation of poor persons." This was the only house at the time in Carterville. The town sold it in 1825 to Joel Gage, a tanner. Later the house was remodeled and enlarged by vSamuel M. Fuller. This house was on land originally of An- drew McElwain. Moses Goddard and others lived there awhile, previously. THE TOWN FARM. The farm formerly known as the Meriam farm, later called the Ellis place, was bought by the town in 1855 at auction. The same was sold by the town, in lots, 1857, reserving about six acres for a new cemetery. This was sold later, as the ground was found to be too wet for burial purposes. Cost of farm April i, 1855, $3,605; sold April i, 1857, for $5,025.31; 6 acres unsold; leaving a surplus of $1,203.50, plus6acres, after paying interest, taxes, etc. 82 HISTORY OF THE ROAD BOUNDS, 1850. The bounds of the roads throughout the town were renewed this year. The survey was made by Levi Bigelow, Jr., Esq., who lived at the time on the Elisha Bassett farm. 1852. Hon. Henry Wilson of Natick was chosen by this town a delegate to the Convention for the Revision of the Constitution of this state. He resigned, and Hon. Geo, S. Boutwell was chosen in his stead, May 27, 1853- RAILROADS, AGRICULTURAL BRANCH, 1 868. The first railroad to penetrate the town was the Agricultural Branch, which began running its regu- lar passenger cars July 2, 1866. This road had run up to Northboro for seven years, but was extended to Pratt's Junction at this time. The depot at the west part was then established and vSilas R. Carter had charge of the same. This corporation was merged into the Boston, Clinton and Fitchburg Rail- road Company, and after other changes passed into the hands of the Old Colony Railroad Company, and now is controlled by the New York, New Haven & Hartford Company. - The central station on this road was located at the Captain Paul Brigham place, 1868, There was con- siderable contention between the Centre and south part in relation to the location of this depot. The Centre contended for the corner near Martin Flagg's, while the south part were in favor of the Brigham TOWN OF BERLIN. 8;^ place. The latter was finally selected as the better point for the accommodation of both villages and all the people. MASSACHUSETTS CENTRAL. About two years after the completion of the Agri- cultural Branch road, 1866, the subject of building the Massachusetts Central railroad was agitated and discussed here in town with much earnestness and enthusiasm. Although the town was quite well ac- commodated with railroad facilities, having one rail- road running through the town north and south, and of easy access also to the Fitchburg road by the old stage line to Hudson, yet many thought that the in- crease of railroads would necessitate an increase of business and prosperity to the town, hence the sub- ject matter was early brought before the town, and at the November meeting, 1868, "it was voted that the Selectmen be a committee on the part of the town to petition the General Court in behalf of this town in aid of the petition of Edward Denny and others," who were the original petitioners for this road. Subsequently the town was asked to take stock in the road to the amount of five per cent, of its valuation, the limit fixed by law, and at a meet- ing held November 27, 1869, they voted to subscribe for 200 shares of stock, amounting to $20,000. The vote for taking the stock stood: Yeas 37, nays 22. This road in the beginning met with various re- verses, failed before completion, went into the hands of a receiver, was reorganized in new charter as the Central Massachusetts Railroad Company, was sub- sequently leased to the Lowell Railroad Company,, 84 HISTORY OF THE and now is operated by the Boston & Maine and is apparently doing a thriving business, and may be re- garded as one of the trunk lines out of Boston. It began running passenger trains December 19, 1881. STAGE COACH AND POST OFFICES, 1 828. An era in Berlin was the establishment of a stage line from Barre to Boston and a Berlin post office. Up to 1826 Berlin letters came to Bolton, newspa- pers came by the market man from Boston or post rider from Worcester once a week. In the AVar of 18 1 2-1 5 and the da3's of Napoleon, our market man, Hugh Bruce, would bring the weekly paper of "Esquire Howe," and many a farmer and cooper would gather to hear the news. The newspaper was opened first of all and often read aloud on the spot. In every country store were adjusted on the sides and on the posts tape lines nailed up for posting letters. There they waited for some passer-by to take them along. For Worcester a man from Berlin going to Northboro would take it so far. It was then on the "great road" and would soon reach its destination. ' Every store and bar-room became a distributing post office. Why, there was no post office system, even in England, when our fathers came over ! Lancaster had none till Berlin was eleven years old. Levi Pease of Shrewsbury, a mile this side of the town betw^een the Ward and Wyman mansions, started the first stage in America. It ran between Boston, Worcester, Hartford and New York, carrying the mail. Pease soon operated as mail distributer throughout New EnglanJl. He died 1824. In 1794 TOWN OF BERLIN. 85 the boys and some fathers went several miles to see the first four-horse stage go down from Worcester to Boston on the great road through Shrewsbury, Northboro and on. So here the excitement was considerable when "'Squire Meriam," a leading force here, with Colonel Pope and George E. Manson of Feltonville, started our Berlin stage. It broke Mer- iam down financially ; all suffered loss, but a great public good was effected. We got a post office May 2, 1828 ; so did Feltonville. J. D. Meriam was post- master here ; practically William A. Howe. Then letter postage was 6^, 12^, i8f and 25 cents. All letters to one town or city were done up in one pack- age. Each single letter to any one town was also done up by itself, with the schedule "paid" or "un- paid;" this must be registered before sending, and every letter received must be entered in like manner. It was mine to serve as substitute postmaster at times, so I know somewhat. This stage line subsided in 1837 to three trips a week between Berlin and Bos- ton, under charge of Amos Sawyer, Jr. In 1 849 Mr. Sawyer began express on the Fitchburg railroad, via South Acton, six times a week. He had succeeded Merrick Houghton as Berlin market man, who had succeeded Hugh Bruce, the first. In all, up to 1865, at his death, Mr. Sawyer had compassed an amount in miles that would have carried him ten times around the globe. John G. Peters was the successor of Mr. Sawyer in the express business, and lastly Warren Howe continued to run the old Berlin coach till February, 1 894. The following lines, composed by Phebe A. Holder, are a fit conclusion to the end of the running of that familiar old coach : — 86 HISTORY OF THE THE BERLIN COACH. "Alas, but it can live again only in memory! Alas, for the days that are gone !" The shades of night were falling fast, As through the streets of Berlin passed A youth who drove through snow and ice, The Coach with the old-time device, The old Stage Coach. His brow is sad, no sunny glow Lights up the well-known features now, And like a bell in tolling rung All dismally from faltering tongue. "The last old Coach." In happy homes, he'd seen the lights Of household fires gleam warm and bright. Above, through clouds the dimmer moon shone. And from his lips escaped a groan. "Good bye, old Coach." Some traveler's unknowing haste To take the Coach, no time to waste. No Coach, no driver, horses none. Their ancient occupation gone. With old Stage Coach. "Seek now some other way," he cried, "No more with me in stage you ride." That was the driver's last good night. As he departed from our sight,' With good old Coach. "Its course is run, its errand done." No more we hear at set of sun The rattling wheels, through life we've heard. That have with joy my child heart stirred. The old Stage Coach. No more with baggage loaded down, The passengers haste to our town. No more the children in the street Run for a ride, with nimble feet, On old Stage Coach. TOWN OF BERLIN. 87 "In summer's heat and winter's cold," The old Stage Coach would we behold, True as the sun along its way At early morn and twilight grey. The faithful Coach. And O what joy our hearts would fill; E'en now I feel the old-time thrill, When at our door the Coach would stop, A looked-for friend with us to drop. The good old Coach ! Such chill oppressive in the air, Such sense of goneness everywhere; Like loss of friend, like funeral day, The passing of the Coach away, The dear old Coach. Thus all things change, thus pass the old. New times our wondering eyes behold; But still amid the changes wrought, We give to the regretful thought, O dear old Coach ! And as the days still onward glide, And in electric cars we ride, We'll keep, old Stage Coach, true to thee, A place in tender memory. Dear Berlin Coach ! Phebe a. Holder. Berlin, February 3, 1894, last trip. The post office at West Berlin was established soon after the opening of the Boston, Clinton & Fitchburg railroad (Old Colony) May 13, 1868. Silas R. Carter was appointed postmaster, and still holds the position. The post office at South Berlin was established March 3, 1891, and Charles B. Maynard was ap- pointed postmaster. He was succeeded by H. Er- nest Lasselle, April 21, 1891, who still holds the position. as HISTORY OF THE LIST OF POSTMASTERS AT THE CENTRE. Jonathan D. Meriam, May 2, 1828. William A. Howe, February 11, 1831. James E. Woods, February 27, 183Q. Haman Hunt, June 4, 1839. Dexter B.Saunders, October 24, 1844. Joel Bullard, November 4, 1846. Rufus S. Hastings, November 22, 1848. Amory A. Bartlett, May 25, 1874. Ezra S. Moore, June 6, 1881. Christopher White, March 6, 1891. AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE. Farming ever has been the leading industry of the town, but since the advent of railroads into the town, more attention has been paid to horticulture and mixed farming. The nearness of large manufactur- ing villages in the vicinity has stimulated truck farming to a considerable extent. Formerly the hop culture was the leading cash product of the farm. This continued to pay quite well from 1800 to 1820. In one year about 6,000 pounds were raised, but times changed and the good times of hop pickers came to grief. Among the "bubbles" which burst in Berlin was the morns iimlticajilis speculation about 1840-5. This was the raising a kind of mul- berry tree for feeding silk worms. Agriculture here took a new departure about 1 8 5 5 : a farmers' club was formed, discussions held, essays read, fairs insti- tuted, new methods adopted, and the result was that earlier and lighter products were raised. Milk mak- ing for the Boston market has been a leading busi- ness since 1866, when the first railroad came into i TOWN OF BERLIN. 89 town. Of late a number have engaged in hot-house culture for raising early vegetables and flowers, car- nation pinks taking the lead. Willis Rice was the first to introduce this industry. The south part of the town is largely engaged in raising asparagus ; considerable income is derived from this product. Berlin is said to be second only to Concord in the amount raised of this vegetable in the state, Lewis B. Wheeler and some others make a specialty of raising bulbous roots (gladiolus) for the New York and other markets. Grape culture was profitable a few years ago, but now the business has gone up on account of the low price of western fruit in our mar- kets. The same is true of other products formerly remunerative, now driven to the wall by western competition, notably beef and pork, and hence farm- ers have to adapt themselves to new conditions and raise more small fruits, etc., which will not bear long transportation. The town stands fairly well in com- parison with the early times in the amount of prod- ucts raised. In 1792 the number of families was less than 100. There were 350 acres tilled, thirty yoke of oxen, 100 cows and 4,500 pounds of pork raised. As given in to the Assessors, Samuel Brig- ham had twelve tons of hay on twelve acres of fresh meadow, Stephen Bailey had twelve tons on eight- een acres, Joel Fosgate ten on ten acres, David Tay- lor had sixteen tons on eighteen acres, Nathan John- son had sixteen on twenty, Silas Bailey had twenty on twenty. At this early date and for fifty years af- ter, the farmers raised nearly all the grain they con- sumed, fed none to their stock except to beef cattle, used some for fattening pork and the bulk for the 90 HISTORY OF THE household. No tuberculosis then. How now? Most of the farmers at first marketed their own products, but later marketmen came around and gathered up the surplus, which consisted of beef, pork, veal, poul- try, eggs and butter. The returns from these kept the frugal farmer in a thriving condition. If his in- come was small, his outgoes were likewise so. There are in town about half a dozen silos. The owners claim that it is a paying investment, and that the corn ensilage fed to milch cows has produced desirable results. SHOE SHOPS. THE BIG PARKER SHOE SHOP. On the site of the Methodist Church once stood the large shoe shop, the pride of the town in the manufac- turing industries. The building was built by a com- pany of the citizens of the town in 1868. The di- mensions were 30 x 100 feet, four stories. It was oc- cupied first by Bickford, Klenart & Co., later by Charles F. Parker & Co., and finally by John H. Parker. The shop was burned February 18, 1882. Loss (shop and machinery), $20,000. THE PRESENT PARKER SHOE SHOP. This is the shop on the Clinton road, owned by John H. Parker, and was originally Dr. Hartshorn's laboratory, moved to this spot and enlarged. Mr. Parker is doing a brisk business in shoes, boots, Arctic socks, etc. The principal line of work is putting leather soles to rubber boots, for which he owns the patent and has the exclusive right to man- \^-» W'^ ^WT] PRESENT PARKER SHOE SHOP. TOWN OF BERLIN. 9 1 lafacture. These boots are shipped to all parts of the United States, including Alaska; also largely to Europe. OTHER SHOE MANUFACTURERS. Previous to the building of the large shoe shop, there had been a number of others for the manufac- ture of boots and shoes and numerous others scat- tered in various parts of the town for the bottoming of shoes. Among the manufacturers we note the fol- lowing : Grassie & Hartshorn manufactured boots about 1850-55. Elisha T. Wheeler made shoes in a shop near his house (the Otterson place) 1850-60. Dea. George W. Sawyer and Silas Houghton manufactured children's shoes in the building now Isaac Holbrook's house, about 1850. Eli Sawyer, Jr., and .William T. Babcock, 2d, manufactured shoes in the present John H. Parker shop, 1874. CUSTOM SHOEMAKERS. Stephen S. Southwick, Josiah Barnard, Oliver Barnard, Silas Fairbanks were custom shoemakers. Am.ory A. Bartlett manufactured shoes in the Acad- emy building, 1862-67. Maynard & Whitney did quite an extensive busi- ness in the manufacture of shoes in the south part, 1855-60. E. C. Shattuck manufactured shoes in the shop connected with his house, 185 5-1 865. George Henry Maynard erected a shop of respect- able dimensions near his former residence and car- 92 HISTORY OF THE ried on the business of making shoes for a short time, about 1860-70. Brigham & Stone were engaged in manufacturing shoes in Carterville about 1858. Lewis H. Barnard was a manufacturer of shoes in Carterville. He bought out James N. Fry of Bol- ton about 1840. Shop was over John Merrill's store, Pliny B. Southwick and Josiah Moore bought out L. H. Barnard, 1848, and continued the business till 1852. BOTTOMERS. Previous to the war and before the large estab- lishments were erected, the town was dotted with small shops for bottoming, nearly every other house having one. Only the larger and more important will be noted. Israel Sawyer did an extensive business in this line in the shop now standing on the old place. Henry H. Bliss employed a number of hands. Captain A. A. Powers had a shop in Carterville. Jonathan F. Wheeler was in the business for awhile. Lyman Morse had a shop, in which he did a large business till the time of his death. Edwin Sawyer had a shop near his house. James M. Hastings has a .shop, in which he has worked till recently. The Cartwright brothers (Thomas and N. H.) have been in the business many years. N. H. is still in. Marcus M. Goddard, one of the older and more continuous ones for thirty years or more, is still peg- ging away. TOWN OF BERLIN. 93 Edward P. Hastings is now and has been for many years the largest operator in this line of any in town ; has a large number of hands and uses water power at the vSouth Part mills. Henry D. Coburn was a shoe bottomer 1840 to i860. John A. Merrill had a shop in Carterville 1856 and another 1864. Employed from ten to fifteen hands. Silas R. Carter had a shop (the present West Part depot) about 1860-65. BLACKSMITHS. In the early time there were numerous black- smiths in various parts of the town. The first of these we have any account of was Joseph Priest, vSr., who settled on the old place now owned by Rufus R, Wheeler, 1733. The next in point of time was Samuel Rice, son of David, who had a shop in the middle of the town on the spot where A. A. Bart- lett's house now stands ; was probably there about 1750. He sold to James Goddard 1778. Silas Moss- man was there 18 13, Nathaniel Wilder 18 18, and finally Joel BuUard continued in occupancy from about 1 83 1 to 1850. Amos Meriam was a black- smith where Richard Wheeler lives, 1 765 . Formerly there was a blacksmith shop on the Dea. Job Spof- ford place. David Taylor lived with his brother-in- law, Spofford, at the time, 1780 to 1795, and both may have worked at the business. In the north part Marmaduke Southwick had a shop on the David Southwick farm. Daniel Wheeler had a shop near his house. Formerly there was a shop in the west part. It stood near the railroad crossing by the 94 HISTORY OF THE bridge, and was occupied successively by Simeon Bowman, Daniel Holbrook, Riley Smith, A blacksmith shop once stood near the present residence of Rufus R. Wheeler. In 1788 Cotton Newton lived on the place, later Simeon Bowman about 1800, and still later John Wallis about 1830. Riley Smith, after working a short time in the shop at the west part, removed to Carterville about 1845. Here he continued until 1875 and was suc- ceeded by Samuel M. Haynes in ownership. Haynes, not being a smith, hired men to do the work. The shop was burned. In 1 8 8 3 it was rebuilt, and since has been let to various parties. The present occupant is John H. Keating, a man well esteemed and a good workman. Tilson W. Barker had a blacksmith shop in the south part, near John O. ]\Iaynard's house, 1850. In 1867 it was burned. The shop on the Dea. Peters place was built by William A. Howe. Theodore Guertin built his shop on the road to the Old Colony depot in 1877. COOPERS. In the early time this was an inviting field for coopers. The abundant supply of oak and chestnut here afforded abundant material for barrels and casks for the Boston market, and shops for the mak- ing of these were once nearly as numerous as in later times were the shoe shops. We find the craft named among the Bruces, Bigelows, Houghtons, Pollards, Sawyers, and many others. It was no mean trade ; it took a good mechanic to make a good barrel. Hor- ace Biofelow was the last of the race. TOWN OF BERLIN. 95 CARPENTERS. Peter Larkin, Luther Priest, Amory Sawyer, Ed- ward Johnson, Curtis Carter, Silas Sawyer, Hartwell Sawyer, Josiah E, Sawyer, Abram Babcock, A. W, Longley, Amory Carter, Daniel H. Carter, Thomas Pollard, Amory Pollard, Addison Keyes, Eli Sawyer, Jr., Jabez Goddard, Willard M. Wheeler, D. P. Hart- well, E. C. Shattiick, William G. Hapgood, John Hapgood, Levi Babcock, Francis Babcock, Ebenezer Dailey. MILLS AND MILL OWNERS. The first mill built in town was the saw-mill of Philip Larkin, built on the brook west of George H. Barnes', about 1735. Parts of the old dam still re- main. The mills at the south part were built by William Goddard, the ancestor of the Berlin Goddards, about 1 760. This was the most expensive mill in town, on account of the long dam. The first mill at the west part was built by John Butler 1750. He sold to John Pollard about 1756. It stood some rods above the railroad bridge. Was later rebuilt below the bridge, the present site, by Aaron Pollard. The upper mill was built by Thomas Pollard for his son vStephen. He lived on the Moran place. Some small shops built at various times in differ- ent parts have disappeared, namely, the Conant shop for the manufacture of doors, sash and blinds, which stood on the Coburn brook, below the road to the west part. ■96 HISTORY OF THE Amory Carter had a shop for like purpose on the brook below Algernon Cartwright's. Peregrine Wheeler had a shingle mill on the outlet to Gates' pond, just north of Elias Wheeler's, as also on the ,same stream Amory vSawyer on the present Nathan- iel Wheeler place had a shop for the making of sash and blinds. Amos Meriam had a ,gi-ist-mill just south of his house (Richard Wheeler's). John Wheeler had some mills partly completed at New Worcester (so- called) about 1850. MILLWRIGHTS. Josiah Conant and his son Benjamin F. were both excellent millwrights, and had a shop on the Coburn brook. The same is now M. Burke's barn. Willard M. Wheeler is another grood millwrig^ht and inventor of water wheels. WHEELWRIGHTS. Ziba Keyes was a thorough workman at the craft, and had a shop at the west part. The building now is near the town pound. His sons, Henry F. and John G. Keyes, now of Clinton, had formerly a shop on the Clinton road, near the present Parker shoe shop. Lewis J. Jewett was a maker of vehicles in Carter- ville, 1860-70. MASONS. Josiah Wilson was probably the first in town, 1 7 5 2-70. Later Luther Carter worked at the trade ; was the inventor of plastered houses on the outside. Thomas Pollard and Amory Carter worked at the TOWN OF BERLIN. 97 business occasionally. At the present time we have Alonzo F. Green and Adin B. Allen. WIRE DRAWING. This industry was carried on by Caleb Houghton and Joel Dakin in the northwest part of the town about 1810. The shop was on the brook back of Houghton's house. TANNING.* Just west of Carterville was once a tannery of moderate dimensions. POTASH. Samuel Jones, Jr., had a potash kiln in 1795 on the lower corner of the Hudson and Northboro roads. COMB MAKING. John Wheeler manufactured combs on the present Thomas Berry place. The first shop was burned about 1828. He built another, which finally was moved .nd converted into a house for Mrs. Melissa Merrill. WOOL CARDING. This industry was carried on by Stephen Shepherd at the upper mill at the west part about 1830. PATENT MEDICINE AND EXTRACTS. Dr. E. Hartshorn established the business here about 1855. Removed the business to Boston 1872, where it is still carried on by his son, William H. HAT MANUFACTORY. Tyler & Martin made hat bodies at upper mill, west part, 1834. *This tannery appears to have been built and occupied early in the century by Aaron Barnes. He was succeeded in 1S24 by Daniel and John Gage, brothers, and they by Uockwood & Brightman, 1S30, and later Reuben Gates and some others were engaged in the business. The leather was of hemlock and oak tannage, and was largely for the retail trade. A little pond is indicated by the part of the dam still remaininar above the works. 98 HISTORY OF 'I HE INNS AND INNKEEPERS. Samuel Jones, Jr., known as Land-'ord Jones, was tlie first innkeeper in town. His house stood on the north side of the Hudson road, facing the road to Northboro, built 1 749. He died 1 797 and his real estate was sold to Solomon Howe of Marlboro 1 804. Howe bought the Bullard house 1803, which had previously been owned by John Dexter and John and Moses Pollard. He kept tavern here until he built a tavern and store building, where Dea. Peters' house now stands. The business was continued here by William A. Howe, James E. Woods, Haman Hunt, Dexter B. vSaunders and R. vS. Hastings until 1852, when the building was moved to its present location. The house now owned by P. B. Southwickin Carter- ville, built by Luther Carter about 1830, was for a few years used for an inn. The Belmont House, which stood on the site of the present Unitarian parsonage, was occupied for hotel purposes from 1868 to September, 1883, when it was burned. This was originally built by Solomon Hough- ton 1820, and was occupied by Dr. Griggs. Later was enlarged by Josiah Bride for a boarding house for his scholars, and lastly converted into a hotel. The occupants were: John Draper, Calvin Carter, Fred Wheelock, W. A. Webber and James McFarland. The house recently known as the Berlin Hotel was formerly known as the Esquire Meriam place ; later was called the Ellis place and town farm. Was prob- ably built by Levi Meriam, Sr., about 1780. Was converted into a hotel 1885 by Peter O'Toole of Clin- ton. Has had various proprietors ; part of the time unoccupied. BELMONT HOUSE. THE OLD DANIEL WHEELER HOUSE. SAM JONES" INN, 1749. POWDER HOUSE, 1814. TOWN OF BERLIN. 99 STORES AND STOREKEEPERS. The first store of which we have any account was kept in the old Bullard house. Solomon Howe had a store there about 1802. He was preceded by John Dexter and he by John and Moses Pollard. John Pollard was the first in town. The next store was on the site of Dea. Peters' house, which was moved to its present location (Mrs. R. S. Hastings) 1852. This, in the different locations, has been kept by Solomon Howe, his son William A., James E. Woods, Haman Hunt, Dexter B. Saunders, R. S. Hastings, Riley Smith, E. S. Moore, and Christopher S. White, the present proprietor. This was a place of considerable trade before Marlboro, Hudson and Clinton grew to such large proportions and absorbed so much of the trade. It is reported on good au- thority that in the early times sixty hogsheads of rum were sold in town yearly. In summer's heat and in winter's cold, Like a charm it worked, as I am told; Ten gallons oft I've heard them say Was often used to get the hay. Excuse we must these men of toil, Who redeemed for us this rugged soil, Who from early morn till late at night Dug and delved with all their might. The next store in point of time was one at the west part The town voted 1820 to sell a piece of land to Stephen Shepherd and Timothy Dwight. This was the site of the house of George H. Felton, a part of the school yard, and was erected for pur- pose of store and dwelling. Stephen Shepherd and Dwight and Stephen Moore were traders here until lOO HISTORY OF THE 1826, and were succeeded by Waldo Winter till 1830, and he was followed by Josephus Wilder, Levi Goss, George Woods and Minot Hastings, and finally by John F. Newton. The present West Berlin depot was built for a store and formerly stood where the flagman's house now is. It was built by Daniel Barnes on land claimed by Aaron Pollard. The claim was contested in suit at law. Into this new building John F. Newton moved from the old and was succeeded by C. C. Carter, who moved back again, and he finally was followed by Riley Smith for a few months. Silas R. Carter is the present storekeeper at the west part, in the build- ing built by himself about 1870. The store in Carterville was built by Luther Car- ter 1846, and was occupied first by Ezra S. Moore, then by Samuel M. Fuller till 1875, and finally by John A. Merrill, who has occupied the premises since. Thomas Pollard was in company with Moore about 1856. In the south part there was a grocery store kep't by John A. Goddard in the house now owned by Ed- ward P. Hastings about 1854. In 1858-9 William Bassett kept for sale groceries in the old Parks house. In i860 the building known as the Union Store was built on the corner nearby James Hastings'. It was used as a Protective Union store a few years and then converted into a shoe shop, and was finally burned. On the opposite corner the Hastings Bros. (Ruthven and Arthur) built the store now standing there. They continued in occupancy until 1890, when they sold to Laselle & Walter, the present pro- prietors. THE OLD EAST SCHOOL-HOUSE, 1792. TOWN OF BERLIN. lOl EDUCATIONAL. SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL-HOUSES. The excision of our territory from Bolton, 1784, necessitated a new arrangement of the schools, hence nearly the first work of the district, 1785, was to divide the inhabitants into four squadrons for school purposes. The old school-houses, under the new order of things, were illy located for the con- venience of the people. Besides, they were of cheap construction and in a dilapidated condition at this time, and were soon sold, and new houses of better style and convenience were built by the town, or district, as it then was called. The exact location of the old houses, built when we were of Bolton, are unknown; one stood near Edward Flagg's. In 1792 the town built four new school-houses, one in each squadron — north, south, east and west. There was no school in the centre of the town until 1835, when a fifth district was formed, after a prolonged struggle and much wrangling in town nieetings. The four new school-houses were built after one model — the typical old red school-house of New England. The dimensions were 18x22, and were located, as ap- pears by record, thus : One at a stake and stones near William Pollard's house, another at stake and stones near Nathan Johnson's house, another at a stake and stones near John Bruce's house, and the other at a stake and stones between Esquire Fairbank's and David Southwick's, on Jona. Meriam's land. The town grant for building was about ^^170, or about $850. The house near John Bruce's, in the east district, was enlarged, some vears after, eight feet I02 HISTORY OF THE in length. It stood longer than any of the others on the original spot, and was burned by an incendi- ary in the summer of 1894. RESIDENTS IN EACH DISTRICT, MARCH 20, 1 835. EAST. Levi Sawyer, Amory Wetherbee, Josiah Sawyer, George W. Sawyer, Rufus Howard, Asa Sawyer, Silas Sawyer, 2d, Thomas Sawyer, Asa Bride, Jarvis Wheeler, Sewall Bruce, Sylvanus Bruce, Abram Bigelow, Jonas Hale, Amory Carter, Silas Sawyer, Abram Sawyer, Oliver Sawyer, Lewis Sawyer, Hor- ace Bigelow, Ira Brigham, Moses Dudley, Samuel S. Dudley, Henry Brown, Daniel Holder, Thomas Holder, John Holder, Luke Fosgate, Joel Fosgate, Rhoda Bigelow, Sarah Holder, Amity Wheeler, Meriam Wheeler. Only two now living. SOUTH. Timothy Jones, Paltiah Jones, Ephraim Goddard (Levi Wheeler's estate), Levi Wheeler, Jesse Wheeler, Stephen Wheeler, Rufus Priest, Ephraim Hastings, Sawyer Hastings, Zenas Johnson, George W. May- nard, Joseph Park, Russell Park, Anne Johnson, Anna Park, Calvin Smith, Calvin Smith, Jr., Job Spofford, Benjamin F. Spofford, Amos Sawyer, George Brigham, Amory Holman, Dexter Fay, Pere- grine Wheeler, Maverick Johnson, Lewis Barnard. None now living. WEST. Stephen Pollard, Ephraim Babcock, Jr., Thomas Brigham, Jonah Houghton, Ephraim Babcock, Reu- ben Hastings, Oliver Moore, Elijah Edson, William Bartlett, Ira Sawyer, William Babcock, 2d, vSolomon TOWN OF BERLIN. IO3 Greene, Abram Babcock, Lewis Carter, Alvin Bab- cock, Albert Babcock, John Larkin, John F. Larkin, James E. Wood, Ziba Keyes, Rnfus Carter, Danforth Carter, Luke Whitcomb, William Barnes, Josiah Babcock, Daniel Holbrook, Oliver H. Barnard, Leonard Hartwell, William Fife, Jr., Thomas Hil- dreth, Ephraim Howe, Ephraim Howe, Jr., Benjamin Whitcomb, Leander Pierce, Oliver Stone, Ebenezer S. Sawtelle, Hannah Jewett. Two now living. NORTH. Luther Carter, Daniel Carter (tan yard and build- ings), Daniel Bartlett, Samuel and Emerson Spofford, John Wheeler, Daniel Wheeler, Jacob Goddard, Joseph Moore, Roswell Bliss, Amos Wheeler, Lewis L Bass, Alonzo Wood, Stephen S. Southwick, Oliver Young, Sanderson Carter, Ivory Carter, William Babcock, Levi Bartlett, John Powers, Henry Powers, Rufus Sawyer, Edwin Bothrick, Alden Sawyer. None now living. CENTRE. Ira Carter, William vSawyer, Micah R. Ball, Oliver Fosgate, Silas Houghton, Josiah Bride, William A. Howe, David R. Lamson, Jonathan D. Meriam, Lewis H. Johnson, John L. S. Thompson, Ebenezer S. Clarke, Josiah Conant, Amos Sawyer, Jr., Joel Bullard, Hollis Johnson, Jonathan Bartlett, vSilas Fairbank, William A. Sawyer, Philo M. Ellis, John Bartlett, Ira Brigham, James Goddard, Jr., William Jones, Levi Bruce, James Goddard, Jacob Felton, Jesse Wood, Benjamin Cofran, Simeon Bowman, Francis Balch, Timothy Bailey, Benjamin F. Bailey, Silas Bailey, David Keyes, Abel Sawyer, Josiah Ben- I04 HISTORY OF THE nett, Jolin F. Newton, Paul Brigham, Aziibah Brig- ham, Sibel Brigham, Levi Houghton, Henry H. Bliss, Susan and Amelia Johnson. All gone but one. WFST SCHOOL- HOUSE. In 1836 the west district built a new brick school- house. It stood at the railroad crossing by the road to Moran's. The north district built a school-house on the east side of the road about 1830. The first school-house in the centre district was built in 1836, was used twenty years, then sold, and is now the house of Joseph Staples. These six houses, including the brick one in the west and the new one at the north, subserved the uses of the town from the time of their erection to 1857, when the present houses were built. The pres- ent east school-house originally stood on the site of Frank H. Grossman's house; was moved 1881 to accommodate families nearer Hudson. The new houses were built on the most improved models, and were considered the best patterns of excellence and convenience then known. The houses first built were the north and south. Both cost $2,785 ; the east cost $1,360.25 ; the centre, $1,500.40; the west, $1,358.45- THE HIGH SCHOOL. About 1875 the increase in the number of scholars in the centre district so increased as to necessitate additional school accommodations. The want was supplied by utilizing "Barnes' hall," so-called, for the purpose, and the more advanced from all the districts attended this. The high school closed 1879. The school district system, which had been in TOWN OF BERLIN. IO5 •existence since 1836, was abolished by vote of town April I, 1856. THE BERLIN ACADEMY. The founder of the Berlin Academy was Josiah Bride, a self-educated man, who never had a day's schooling in academy or college, but attended Marl- boro high school. He began teaching classes in the old Town House about 1835. With commend- able energy and perseverance in study, he became proficient in the higher branches of an English edu- cation and was well mentally equipped to dis- charge the duties of principal of his academy. In 1 843 he came in possession of the Evangelical Society's meeting-house and changed the same for school purposes. In connection with this he enlarged the Dr. Griggs house and converted it into a large boarding house, which stood where the Unitarian parsonage now stands ; was later used for a hotel and finally burned. The academy continued in success- ful operation till about 1857. The last two or three years it was under the management of Rev. Gardner Rice. THE BERLIN ACADEMICAL BOARDING SCHOOL. For a quarter of a century the " Academy " was the pride and glory of the townspeople. It had patrons from nearly every state in the Union, and also several from the Cuban isles. As nearly all these young people were from families of culture, and by the testimony of the assistant teacher, re- cently given, " came with a desire to learn," the intellectual and moral stimulus to the residents of the town was very noticeable. Nearly all the young I06 HISTORY OF THE people of the town were day pupils for longer or shorter periods, and to them, as to those from abroad, the influences of the faithful teaching received in Berlin has been lifelong. " I know that I am a better woman for being under such instruction and within the circle of such influence." " I have never ceased to be grateful for the kindly and wise interest manifested for me while a pupil in Mr. Bride's school. The instruction, the influence in various ways, has been a benediction to my whole life." Such testimony received from members of the school might be multiplied indefinitely. While we are glad that all can now enjoy the benefits of free high schools, we believe that for the full development of the mental, moral and physical man and woman, no institution has done more than the well managed co-educational home schools that were the pride of New England half a century ago. The academy grew from a small and modest be- ginning — the school founded by Josiah Bride in 1832 or '33, in response to the wishes of parents whose children had been under his teaching in the district schools of South Berlin and Robin hill in Marl- boro. Thus solicited, he consented to open a private school in a room of Madam Puffer's house, on condition that each child bring a chair and stand or table for his or her own use, as he had no desks and dared not risk the necessary outlay to procure them, for fear the venture would fail. But the school grew and flourished, and in March, 1835, the town voted " to let Josiah Bride have the Town House to keep school in." TOWN OF BERLIN. IO7 The number of pupils increased, and in 1843 Mr. Bride bought the building erected for the Orthodox Church, refitted as a school room, enlarged his boarding house, etc. At this time Miss Martha Chamberlain, a former pupil, was his efficient assistant, both in the house management and in the school room, although in a letter received only a few weeks before her death (Feb., 1895), she says: "Mine was the doing of the little thino^s with thouofht and care for the welfare of those around me, and hardly worthy to be called assistance." All who received that care bear heart- felt testimony to its value, and bless the Providence that placed them under the influence of a seemingly perfect life. Although the matter of co-education added some- what to the difficulty of management, it was a cardinal point of excellence with Mr. Bride, who was a lifelong believer in woman's right to all that is good in every department of life. His methods of discipline were often original and uniformly suc- cessful. At one time a worthy lad and lass, who were members of the school, evinced a liking for each other, which did not escape the keen eyes of the principal. The lad roomed alone in the extreme end of the L of the boarding house ; in this room was a large and cozy wardrobe. The favored lass sometimes, in the late evening hours, called at her friend's room. The principal had a peculiar method of clearing his throat, known as " Mr. Bride's hem," and some who read this will distinctly hear it again on the mental acoustics. One night, slowly ap- loS HISTORY OF THE preaching the room of the lad, he repeatedly gave the familiar hem. This to the lovers' hearts was a danger signal, and the lass was quickly shut in the wardrobe. A gentle tap was heard at the door ; the principal was ushered in, and, seating himself beside his pupil, in his most instructive manner made clear to him his difficult problems in geometry, his ob- scure translations in Latin, interlarding his assistance with entertaining story or moral lesson. The clock struck eleven, twelve, and one, apparently unnoticed by the teacher ; then came the hour of two, which fell on his ear in evident surprise. With an apology for detaining his pupil so long, he stepped to the wardrobe and opened the door, saying as he did so, in his blandest tones, " Miss , it is time for you to go to your room now." Thus ended the discipline and the wooing in that room. In similar original and quaint ways he ruled a realm as difficult sometimes to manage as a kingdom. Mr. Bride's labors did not end with his teaching. For many years, on the Town School Committee, he labored for the highest good of the public schools. As superintendent of the Orthodox Sunday school, he gave much tiine to the interests represented there. A constant attendant upon the worship of the sanctuary, his advent at the head of his family procession, numbering thirty or more, was watched for by the audience as an important event. There was in town no more liberal contributor to every •cause calculated to promote the welfare of the com- munity. He was not only the enthusiastic teacher, but the public-spirited citizen and the warm-hearted friend. His memory is fragrant with good. I TOWN OF BERLIN. IO9. SCHOOL FUNDS — PRIEST AND YOUNG MONEY. We have two funds, known as the Priest and Young money, the interest of which may be appro- priated for schooling. The former, given by Joseph Priest, Jr., 1817, amounts to $S20, and the latter, by Miss Nancy Young, 1859, $1,500. At a town meet- ing held March 4, 1861, the following resolves were passed in recognition of the generous gift of Miss Young : Resolved, By the citizens of Berlin, in town meeting assembled, that we gratefully acknowledge the free and generous bequest of Miss Nancy Young, lately deceased, by which she has se- cured to the town, for the benefit of common school education,, the sum of fifteen hundred dollars. Resolved, That we cherish with deep regard the memory of the friend of our youth, and that we inculcate a like remeai- brance of her name on the part of the rising generation. Resolved, That the foregoing be transcribed by the town clerk upon the public records as a standing memento of the deceased benefactress of the town. SCHOOL TEACHER<5. Dexter Fay, Jr. Wilder Sawyer. Jacob Moore. Humphrey Sawyer. Daniel Wheeler. P. B. Southwick. Albert Babcock. Ira O. Carter. Daniel Holder. Jonathan F. Wheeler. Asa Sawyer. Silas Greenleaf. Barnabas Fay. Addison G. Smith. George A. Getting. E. C. Shattuck. Josiah Bride. Amory A. Bartlett. Lewis Sawyer. Amasa A. Whitcomb. Oliver Barrett Sawyer. Lemuel Gott, Jr. Josiah Sawyer, 3d. Charles Keyes. Winthrop Bailey, Hattie Sawyer. XIO HISTORY OF THE Abbie Sawyer. Mary J. Keyes. Mary J. Smith. Ellen L. Keyes. Abigail Wilder. Sarah Sawyer (Mrs. L. Carter) Hannah Powers. Lucy Elizabeth Howe. Harriet Fay. Sarah Fay. Lucy F. Sawyer. Sophia R. Sawyer. Zilpah E. Fay. Lois Wheeler. Mary A. Bassett. Olive Boyce. Emma Boyce. Ellen Hastings. Mary E. Felton. Mary E. Gott. Phebe A. Holder. Mary H. Holder. Olive C. Wheeler. Lucy H. Wheeler. Sarah Smith Sawyer. Florence M. Bassett. Sarah Arissa Sawyer. Lizzie E. Merrill. Nellie Reed. Harriet Susan Fay. Minnie E. Fay. Cora Belle Holbrook. Ada Berry. Clara L. Shattuck. M. Isabelle C. Shattuck. Grace W. Stetson. Alice M. Rathbun. Lois H. Wheeler. NelUe Maynard. Lilla Newsome. Hope Rice. Emma A. Flagg. ECCLESL\STICAL. THE SOUTH PARISH AND THE FIRST MEEriNG-HOUSE, 1778 TO 1830. The inhabitants of the south part of Bolton, in 1778, moved by a common impulse, which was hastened undoubtedly by the ferment and rupture in the Bolton Church, known since as the Goss and Walley controversy, petitioned the General Court to be incorporated into a new parish. The distance of many members, from four to six miles, from the Bolton Church was a sufficient reason for asking for better church accommodations. The prayer of the THE FIRST MEETING-HOUSE. CENTRE VILLAGE FROM RICE'S HILL. TOWN OF BERLIN. Ill petitioners was granted by an act passed April 13 th, 1778, and Samuel Baker, Esq., is empowered to issue his warrant to some principal inhabitant to call a meeting for permanent organization. Samuel Baker issues his warrant to Samuel Jones, innholder. At his house the inhabitants are summoned to meet April 7, 1779. On that spot our town was virtually bom. Samuel Jones' tavern stood fronting the Northboro road, on the north side of the road to Hudson. Samuel Baker was chosen Moderator ; Jonathan Meriam, Clerk; James Goddard, Abijah Pratt and Joshua Johnson, Parish Committee ; Jon- athan Meriam, Timothy Jones and William Sawyer, Jr., Assessors. One week later the parish took measures for building a meeting-house, and voted to locate it on the Little hill on the north side of the road that leads from Samuel Jones' house to Samuel Rice's shop in the crotch of the roads. There was no Common then. The road to Bolton turned by our present Town House. It was a blacksmith's shop and stood where A. A. Bartlett's house now is and was previously owned by David Rice, one of the first settlers near the middle of the town. The Little hill was considerably in front of the present church edi- fice. Esquire Meriam could not persuade the Build- ing Committee of the new church to set it so high as it now stands. He conspired with William A. Howe, and in the night they secretly lifted the stand- ards one full foot. Look at the Common and the height of the underpinning of the church, and you will see what became of that " Little hill." The frame of the first meeting-house was raised June 16, 1779, by aid, as usual, of "rum," " cider " and " spike 112 HISTORY OF THE poles." It was twelve years in building, and there was voted from time to time hundreds and thousands in the depreciated currency of the times to build that humble house of prayer. The Building Committee were Jonathan Meriam, Fortunatus Barnes, James Goddard, Sr., Timothy Jones, William Sawyer^ Second Committee: Jacob Moore, Barnabas May- nard, Henry Powers, William Babcock. In the meantime " candidates " were heard — Revs. M, Stearns, Foster and Edmunds. November 14, 1780, voted to hear Mr. Reuben Puffer. March 12, 1 78 1, Mr. Puffer was "called." No objections. " Ordination to be out of the meeting-house if the weather permit." The ordination took place Nov. 26, 1 78 1, under an oak tree easterly of the meeting- house, all the old folks say. Certainly there is some- thing inspiring in the faith and labors of the fathers, under the depression and uncertainties of war, to press forward in their circumstances, not to say poverty, to establish the ordinances, of religion. The council for ordination consisted of the churches in Sudbury, East Sudbury, Westboro, Shrewsbury, Northboro, Lancaster, Bolton and Stow. Rev. Mr. Bigelow of Sudbury, Mr. Puffer's pastor, preached the sermon. Mr. Puffer's presence and ministry seemed to be quite helpful to his struggling parish. No church meet- ing was called for nearly two years. He certainly grew in the esteem of Berlin people and all the region ; every congregation was pleased to see him ascend the pulpit steps. It was not a day for entic- ing away favorite ministers, but it was understood that he had favorable overtures. His sennons were not especially arousing, but solemnly impressive. In 1^ ,-^/s '/^ TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 13 1803 he preached the annual sermon before the governor and Legislature, An anecdote concerning him was published in print in the Lancaster "Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary." The writer of this is responsible for its appearance in type. He gave it verbally that morning to the speaker, who gave it in response for Berlin in the after-dinner speeches. Judge Brigham of Westboro had pro- cured the appointment of Mr. Puffer to the service. His son-in-law, E. M. Phillips, Esq., of Westboro, gave the anecdote to the writer personally. Accord- ing to custom, Mr. Puffer had all parts of his service written, even the prayer. In offering it he lost his bearings ; he tried to regain his ground, but only stumbled; the suspense was awful. A fellow mem- ber gave Judge Brigham a nudge, whispering, "That is your minister, is it ? " The disconcerted minister had the courage to desert his written prayer and to throw himself into the occasion, and the suspense of the assembly quickly gave way to rapt attention and delight. His own people, better than any other who did not hear him on this occasion, could tell what the effect was. He lifted his learned and dignified audience to exalted views of their position and duties to the state and to God. The prayer ended. Judge Brigham returned the nudge of his neighbor, re- sponding, " That is my minister." Berlin ever had great satisfaction in Dr. Puffer abroad. His church records show that he ranked with foremost ministers in councils, far and near, on difficult cases. To this day friends and dissentients as to religious tenets revere the "man of God." His face, his features and form and manner are fast passing out of re- 114 HISTORY OF THE membrance. "Shall we know each other there?" Not even a profile remains, much less the tones of his voice and impressive pulpit services ; — a few of the venerables yet talk it over understanding-ly. Some yet live who have seen him and can readily believe what has been related. But the most vivid impression which we septuagenarians have of the man is that of his pulpit devotions. Daniel ? Solo- mon ? Elijah ? No, Bethel and Jacob. As with awe he lifted his face heavenward and bowed again his whole body in reverence, incense from the altar above seemed to pervade the assembly, — Heaven seemed bending, earth to rise, All seemed floating in upper skies. Dr. Puffer delivered the Dudlean lecture at Har- vard College 1808. His pecuniary circumstances being made known, his address was published and sold among the students, rich men's sons subscribing largely to increase the income. They also gave him a good new suit of clothes. (Rev. Dr. Allen.) The great ecclesiastical rupture, or schism, in the churches, between Unitarians and Trinitarians, was pressing upon this quiet town, before steps were taken for a new house of worship. Yet it was inti- mated the new church would have a new order of things (when he should resign or cease from his labors), but no tongue moved against the minister. The pastor foresaw more than the people expressed. He hardly expected to escape the rupture in his life- time, but he lived to dedicate the new church, 1826, and to preach and pray there till near his death, April 9, 1829, at the age of seventy-three years. TOWN OF BERLIN. H5 At a town meeting held at the east school-house, May 5, 1828, the Selectmen were chosen a com- mittee "to consult Doct. Puffer concerning his exchanges." The intention, undoubtedly, was to ascertain his position in relation to the new de- parture. The report of the committee [was made at a town meeting held at the north school-house, Nov. 3, 1828, and the same was the reply of Dr. Puffer to a request for him to exchange with neigh- boring Unitarian ministers. Report : — To the ifihab Hants of Berlin in town meeting assembled Nov. 3, 1828 : " Brethren and Friends : — Having been notified by the Selectmen of the vote of the town last May, relative to my future exchanges, I beg leave, respectfully, to state that pre- vious to the measures for calling the town meeting, I had no knowledge of the existence of any uneasiness on the subject of exchanges. From Sabbath to Sabbath I meet a full house and a very attentive audience, and if ever a special blessing has at- tended my labors among you, it was during the past season. Judge, then, of the surprise when I heard for the first time that a general uneasiness was prevailing, and that the subject of it was preparing to be laid before the town. "Respecting my future exchanges, I can very cheerfully sub- rait the quesdon to candid decision if a minister between seventy and eighty years of age is a fit subject of the vote of last May. Aside from other considerations, such are my in- firmities, known only to a few of you, as render it improper for me to give any pledge in the case. It is well known that up to the present year I have uniformly maintained a free and liberal intercourse with all the ministers in the vicinity. For the future I can only say that while I sustain the highly responsible office of a gospel minister, the few exchanges I make, if able to make any, shall be regulated according to my deliberate judgment, in a manner the best calculated to promote your spiritual inter- ri6 HISTORY OF THE ests. My Christian friends, it is now almost fifty years since by the unanimous invitation of the parents and grandparents of the present generation I became the minister of this place, and then received a solemn charge and gave a solemn promise to preach the everlasting gospel of Jesus in its distinguishing truths and doctrines. These truths and doctrines I have en- deavored faithfully to preach, and can it now be expected in my old age that I should preach another gospel or give coun- tenance to different causes? You will certainly not say that this can reasonably be expected or required of me, as in so doing I should risk my own soul and the souls of those who hear me. Far be it from me willingly to offend a single individual. So far as consistent with duty I wish to please all, but great is my re- sponsibility, and I may not, I dare not, for the sake of pleasing men, displease God. As my first sermon was preached in this place, it is my desire that my ministerial life may close here, but I wish not to be a useless burden. It may be that my minis- tering can be no longer profitable, and if so, I have no desire for its continuance. My heart's desire and prayer for you has been, and is, that pure religion may prosper and flourish in this place. To promote an object so truly valuable, I will not de- cline any reasonable sacrifice if the cause of religion so require and I can by resigning the ministerial office facilitate the settle- ment of a faithful servant of Christ here, one who shall not shun to declare all the counsel of God and who willingly will spend and be spent for your sakes, I shall esteem it one of the happiest events of my life. Nothing better can I ask of you than that the gospel of Christ may never cease to be preached to you in its purity, simplicity and power, but this is a subject which demands the most deliberate and prayerful considera- tion before a step of this nature is taken. Let it be our united fervent supplication that nothing may be done inconsistent with the interests of Zion and the salvation of immortal souls; so prays your aged and affectionate minister, "Reuben Puffer." November meeting, 1S28. TOWN OF BERLIN. IT 7 No other move appears to have been made by the parish or church in the matter of exchanges, and Dr. Puffer was undoubtedly free from the importunities of committees on this subject during the remainder of his life. With the death of Dr. Puffer closes the first period of the ecclesiastical history of Berlin, ex- tending from 1778 to 1829, a time of great tranquil- lity and peace in the church, free from theological disputes and religious animosities. THE SECOND PERIOD. Soon after the death of Dr. Puffer the subject of his successor began to be agitated in earnest. The town, which was the parish at this time, was largely in favor of the new school of theology, while the church was nearly unanimous for the old school. The church made the first move towards settling a new minister, as will appear from the following com- munication to the town May 24, 1829: — THE church's request OF THE TOWN. To the in]iabitants of the town of. Berlin in town meeting assembled : Gentlemen : — At a meeting of the church of Berlin on the 2 2d instant at the house of Mrs. Puffer, they proceeded as follows : Voted unanimously that in our opinion the Rev. Moses B. Church is a man of sound piety, good talents, and preaches the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ the same as our deceased pastor preached, and that we wish he may continue amongst us longer as a candidate, if agreeable to the town. Voted unanimously that the above be communicated to the town when assembled in town meeting. Job Spofford, Moderator of the Church. A true copy attest : Dexter Fay, Church Clerk. Berlin, August 22, 1829. Il8 HISTORY OF THE At a town meeting held August 24, 1829 : "Then voted not to grant the request of the church." "Then voted to choose a new committee." "Then chose the following persons 1 Jonathan D. Meriam, William Barnes, Josiah Conant, Ephraim Babcock, John Bartlett." January 4, 1S30, at East School-house. Article 2d. To see if the Congregational Society of Berlin will give Mr. Robert F. Walcott an invitation to become their pastor. If so, on what terms they will agree to settle him, or act anything relative to further supplying the pulpit in the meeting-honse. On the above article voted by yeas and nays, sixty in the affirmative and twenty-eight in the negative. . An invitation to the church of Berlin, January, 1830 : To the members of the Church of Christ in Berlin, who are inhabitants of the toivn of Berlin: We, the subscribers, appointed at a town meeting on Monday last as a committee to invite you to unite with the town in the settlement of Mr. Robert Folger Walcott as our Christian minister, if he shall accept our invita- tion, we embrace the earliest opportunity to communicate this invitation, while we are happy thus to invite you in behalf of our fellow-citizens. We assure you it will afford us sincere per- sonal gratification to receive from you an affirmative answer, and that we may hope to know from joyful experience how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity. We ask as a favor that we may receive your answer on or before Thursday, the 14th instant, at 2 o'clock p. ini., either in writing or by delegation. We shall be in session at the house of Solomon Howe, Esq., Berlin, January 7, 1830. JONATHAN D. MERIAM, WILLIAM BARNES, JOSIAH CONANT, JOHN BARTLETT, Committee, TOWN OF BERLIN. II9 Voted to choose a Committee of Nine to agree on some price to offer Mr. Walcott as a salary and report at this meet- ing. Then chose the following persons, viz. : Jonathan D. Meriam, William Barnes, Josiah Conant, John Bartlett, Amos Sawyer, Timothy Bailey, Silas Sawyer, William Babcock. After hearing the report of the committee, "voted to give Mr. Walcott $400 as an annual salary." If there should be a separation desired by the Congregational Society or by the Rev. Mr. Walcott, it can be obtained by giving four months' notice, "Then voted to choose a committee of five to inform Mr. Walcott of the proceedings of the town at this meeting and to invite Mr. Walcott to settle with us in the ministry ; also to have him give an answer previous to adjournment of this meet- ing. Then chose the following persons : Jonathan D. Mer- iam, William Barnes, Josiah Conant, Ephraim Babcock, John Bartlett. "Then voted that this committee wait on the church and in- vite them to unite with us in the settlement of Mr. Walcott, and to obtain an answer before the adjournment of this meet- ing. Then adjourned to meet at the north school-house the iSth instant." THE church's answer TO THE TOWN. At a meeting of the Church of Christ in Berlin on Monday the 7th instant, voted unanimously to make the following com- munication to the Parochial Committee of the town : Gentlemen : We received a communication from you con- taining an invitation to unite with you in the settlement of Mr. Robert F. Walcott, in which a wish also was expressed that we might dwell together in unity. We can assure you if we know our own hearts that your desire to live together m unity is not greater than ours. Unity is the bond of peace. There is not anything on earth but what we would give up to preserve unity with all our brethren, but the religion of our Lord Jesus Christ — our religion — we hold too dear to part with, and we feel assured that should we disregard the solemn covenant I20 HISTORY OF THE which we have made with our God, and attempt to bring down the standard of religion so low that there was nothing in it to which the natural heart could not assent, we should give up that on which all our hopes of heaven depend, and should go to the judgment seat of Christ, charged with the blood of souls, and our children rise up in judgment against us and con- demn us. We deeply deplore the present unhappy division amongst us respecting the settlement of a minister, and would cheerfully unite with the town if we could consistently. But we believe it to be our indispensable duty to maintain and support the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, being the same which Christ Himself, the Apostles and the Pilgrim fathers preached, and which has been preached in this town for forty-eight years. In looking over the sermon delivered at the dedication of our meeting house, we find and take the liberty to insert the following sentences verbatim : ''If some of the doc- trines of the gospel are suppressed and others so modified as not to militate with the feelings of the corrupt heart, no good is to be expected. Repentance, faith and holiness with every moral and social virtue are matter of initiation in the Christian tabernacle and compose no inconsiderable portion of its duties, but these must not exclude the fundamental truths of the gospel. No doubt it is your wish that this house may be to you the gate of heaven. That it may be so, let it be your care that the doctrine of salvation by faith in the blood of Christ and His regenerating spirit be the basis of its ministra- tions. If ever the time shall come, which heaven forbid, when this doctrine shall cease to be taught here, when it shall be supplanted by a lax theology which sinks the gospel nearly down to a level with natural religion, you will have lost sight of the object for which this house is consecrated; but sooner let the stone cry out of the wall and the beam out of the tim- bers answer it, than the honor of the Redeemer and the purity of His gospel shall cease to be maintained here." In our Thanksgiving sermon of 1828 is the following remark: "When persons can conscientiously say that they are not fed TOWN OF BERLIN, I2t with the bread of eternal life and that hunger for more spiritual food, let them enjoy the liberty of going where it is to be ob- tained, but from lower motives separations are not justified." We think our views of the subject harmonize with the gen- eral sentiment of the Bible, one passage of which we will quote, 2d Epistle of John, 9th, loth and nth verses : "Whosoever transgresseth and abideth not in the doctrine of Christ hath not God : he that abideth in the doctrine of Christ, he hath both the Father and the Son. If there come any unto you and bring not this doctrine, receive him not into your house, nor bid him God speed. For he that biddeth him God speed is partaker of evil deeds." In view of the above remarks and of the solemn account we must render at the judgment seat of Christ, we are constrained to say that in our humble opinion Mr. Robert F. Walcott does not preach the gospel of Christ ; we respect him as a man and a citizen, but can not receive him as our minister. We wish just to say further that the manner in which Mr. Walcott has been called to the gospel ministry is new and unexampled. It has been the custom for many ages for the church first to give the invitation and for the town to concur if they see fit. It is very desirable that the church and society should be united, but there is no account in the Bible of bishops, elders, or ministers being set over towns or parishes, but over churches. May God in the plenitude of His mercy unite our hearts in Christ, and that peace and harmony which have characterized this place be restored and enjoyed for many years to come. Job Spofford, Moderator. A true copy attest : Dexter Fay, Church Clerk. Berlin, January 11, 1830. TOWN MEETING JANUARY 1 8, 183O. First. Read Mr. Walcott's answer to the town. Second. Read the answer from the church to the town. Then voted to choose a committee to make arrangements for the ordination of Rev. Mr. Walcott ; chose the following 122 HISTORY OF THE persons : Jonathan D. Meriam, Esq., Amos Sawyer, William Barnes, Ephraim Babcock, Silas Sawyer, Josiah Conant, Job Spofford, James Goddard, John Bartlett. Then voted that this committee designate the churches in behalf of the town that shall be invited to take a part in the ordination. They designated the following churches and were accepted : Dr. Bancroft, C. of Worcester ; Dr. Thayer, C. of Lancas- ter ; Rev. Mr. Allen, C. of Bolton ; Rev. Mr. Bucklin, C. of Marlboro ; Rev. Mr. Alden, C. of Marlboro ; Rev. Mr. Allen, C. of Northboro ; Rev. Mr. Russell, C. of Boylston. They then voted that Mr. Walcott be ordained on Wednes- day, the loth day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty. The action of the town in settling- Mr. Walcott caused a secession of a large part of the church, leav- ing but one male member, Sanderson Carter, and three females constituting the church to occupy the new meeting-house thereafter, as the First Congre- gational Society of Berlin. The seceders formed a new organization named th-e Evangelical Congrega- tional Society of Berlin. They built in 1830 a new meeting-house of moderate dimensions, which was afterwards known as the Berlin Academy, the princi- pal of which was Josiah Bride. Thishouse was con- veyed by deed from Dexter Fay and Amory Sawyer to the Evangelical Congregational vSociety of Berlin, March 25, 1831. Consideration $1,300. "It was for the worship of the Trmne God and the promotion of evangelical principles." The grantees named as members of this society were: James Goddard, Oliver Sawyer, Luke Fos- gate, Isaac Temple, Job vSpofford, John Larkin, Jacob Goddard, Joseph Parks, Levi Sawyer, Samuel Spof- TOWN OF BERLIN. 123 ford, Merrick Houghton, Joseph Moore, John F. Lar- kin, Samuel Griggs, Phebe Puffer, Reuben Hastings, Ephraim Goddard, Thomas Holder, Josiah Bride, Jonah Houghton, Josiah Sawyer, Mendell G. Fos- gate, Almira Puffer, Lucy Fosgate, Jonas Houghton, John Wheeler and Augustus Bigelow of Berlin ; also Benjamin Rice, Isaac Davis, Edward B. Ball, Lewis Fay and Alvan Ball of Northboro ; also Ebenezer Ball of Worcester and Willard Brigham of Marlboro. The history of the First Congregational Society is briefly told, while the seceders, or Evangelical Society, which eventually became in fact and in name the First Congregational Parish and Society, requires more ex- tended space. The first of these organizations named which held the old meeting-house first, requires our attention. The Rev. Mr. Walcott was from Nan- tucket, of a prominent family and a graduate of Har- vard ; was a cultured and scholarly man. He con- tinued in the pastorate with good acceptance until he resigned, November, 1833. He was succeeded by Rev. David R. Lampson, who continued here from 1833 to 1839. After this latter date the First So- ciety had no settled minister until 1 843, when a union was made of the two parishes. The principal cause which contributed to this union of the two parishes probably was the want of financial support. The burden was heavy on a few, hence mutual overtures were made on the part of the two parishes for re- union. This was effected in the settlement of Rev. Henry Adams (Orthodox), former pastor of Hillside Church, Bolton. The Congregational Church was remodeled in 1859 ^t an expense of $2,439.90. S200 00 lOO 00 200 00 500 00 50 00 500 00 500 00 2,000 00 1,000 00 1,300 00 124 HISTORY OF THE DONATIONS TO THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AND SAB- BATH SCHOOL TRUST FUNDS. 1866. Mrs. Sarah Robbins, 1874. Miss Sophia R. Sawyer, . 1880. Mrs. Almira P. Hastings, 1880, Mrs. Lydia Howe Peters, 1883. Miss Martha A. Sawyer, 1 89 1. Mrs. Rebecca Whitcomb, 1891. Mrs. Lucy E. Hartshorn, 1892. Mrs. Abra C. Houghton, 1892. Mr. H. Gates' Sunday school, 1893. ^^^' (jporge A. Cotting, The vote of the First Parish (Unitarian) for the settlement of Mr. Adams was twenty-two in favor and nine against, hence by this arrangement and the fact that a number of them "signed off" from the parish book, the Unitarians lost the control of the pulpit, and ceased to be distinctly an organized body until a revival of the dormant elements of this faith occurred 1 8 7 1 . Mr. Adams was installed October 2 5 , 1843, and was dismissed 1853. The Evangelical Congregational, during their sojourn in their new chapel from 1830 to 1843, were ministered unto by divers ones. The first was Rev. Abraham C. Bald- win, a graduate of Bowdoin College and student of theology under Dr. Lyman Beecher, who preached the ordination sermon October 26, 1830. In Mr. Baldwin's ministry of two years, forty-six were added to the church. He had more than ordinary qualities as preacher and pastor. Had he been quiet to re- main, very many have felt that he would have re- united the town effectively. He was dismissed from the church in Berlin, October 23, 1832. Both he and MINISTERS, DEACONS AND BENEFICIARIES OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCH. MUS. I)I,IVEI< FOSGATE. JOHN B. GOUGH. KEY. A. B. CHRISTY. KEY. H. F. MARKHAM. Al.UKKT HAliCOCK, DEA. U. II. BLI.S.S. MART11.\ .S.\WVEI<. MISS REBECCA WHIICOMB. MRS. GEO. A. COTTING. \VM. GATES. DEA. GEO. W. SAWVEU. ORTHODOX MINISTERS, DEACONS AND BENEFICIARIES. LEVI BABCOCK, SUPT. S. S. MRS. L. PETERS. DEA. JOHN F. LARKIN. DEA. L. PETERS. MISS SOPHIA SAWYER. GEO. A. COTTING. REV. HENRY HYDE. MR. AND MRS. HORACE HOUGHTON. REV. CHAS. H. WASHBURN. CHAS. B. RATHBUN, SUPT. S. S. MISS CATHERINE LARKIN. CHAS. M. SAWYER, SUPT. S. S. TOWN OF BERLIN. I 2 5: his wife died in Yonkers, N. Y., 1886. Had no children. Her maiden name was Foote, of Fairhaven, Conn. Rev. Michael Burdett, now a retired Presby- terian clergyman in Philadelphia, succeeded Mr. Baldwin July 17, 1833, to 1834. He was succeeded by Rev. Eber S. Clarke of Winchendon, June 21, 1835. Mr. Clarke was dismissed 1837 and set- tled once more in Richmond, Mass., where he died. Rev. Robert Carver followed in a successful minis- try, 1838-42. Settled next in Raynham. Entered into the Christian commission service, in which he died. This completes the list of those who ministered to the Evangelical branch during their sojourn in the chapel. Mr. Adams continued in the pastorate of the united societies, known as the First Congrega- tional, ten years, and was succeeded by Rev. Wil- liam A. Houghton, who was installed October 26, 1853, and resigned at the termination of twenty-five years October 26, 1878. He was succeeded by Rev. Albert Barnes Christy of Greenwich, Conn., a grad- uate of Andover, and was ordained and installed July 3, 1879. He gave way to a call to the church in Conway, 1881, Thence he removed to Ohio and finally to New Mexico, where he is now stationed. Rev. Henry Hyde, now of Greenfield, succeeded Mr, Christy in the same year. Rev. Charles H. Wash- burn, a graduate of Amherst, was the third succes- sor to whom Rev. Mr. Houghton has given the right hand of fellowship and received into the church at his ordination. He was ordained and installed December, 1885, dismissed November 2, 1888; called to North Woburn. The church has had no settled minister since Mr. Washburn left. The pulpit has 126 HISTORY OF THE been supplied by Rev. H. H. Osgood, Rev. J. W. Brownville, Rev. J. G. Spencer and Rev. H. F. Markham, 1894-5. CENTENNIAL OF THE BERLIN CHURCH, 1 879. The Congregational Church of Berlin observed its 1 00th anniversary in a fitting manner on July 4, 1879. The address was delivered by Rev. W. A. Houghton, and an original hymn written by Miss Phebe A. Holder was sung by the choir. Our space herein will not permit the insertion of all the pro- ceedings on this interesting occasion. Much of the address was devoted to biographical sketches of the ministers who have officiated here, which may be found in the preceding pages; also reference was made to the Goss and Walley controversy in the Bolton church, which was largely the cause of the separation. The seceders, who formed the Berlin church, were mainly Walleyites, but numbers of the women who came in afterwards were of the Gossite faction. Many of the former residents and citizens of other towns and also neighboring ministers were present. The historian, Rev. A. P. Marvin, spoke in response to the sentiment, "Our Grandmother Lancaster," with good acceptance, as did many others in response to the toasts offered. MISS holder's hymn. Amid time's mountain heights, Crowned with the circling years, A full and rounded dome, Our Century appears. 'Neath summer skies In living green, With beauty robed Its form is seen. UNITARIAN MEETING HOUSE. TOWN OF BERLIN. I 27 Let silver bells of joy Ring out with mellow chime, Upon the fragrant air Of this sweet summer time; While hearts responsive Catch the strain, And voices sound The glad refrain. Within these hallowed courts Our choral song we raise, Where saintly fathers stood. We lift our notes of praise, To Him who rules Amid the spheres, And crowns with love Earth's passing years. By loving, patient hands, One hundred years ago, These altar fires were raised That have not ceased to glow; The incense pure Of faith and prayer, Still keeps undimmed The sacred fire. May He who bought the Church, With His own precious blood. Through all the years to come. Still keep us near to God; May Zion here In light divine. With holiness And beauty shine. THE UNITARIAN SOCIETY AND MEETING-HOUSE. The society was organized November 27, 1871. The movement was started by the labors of Rev. William S. Hayward, then of Hudson, and Rev. I. F. Waterhouse of Clinton, by holding meetings at 128 HISTORY OF THE the Town Hall, beginning- June 25, 1871, alternating every other Sunday in preaching until October 10, 1872, when George W. Green of Boston was engaged to supply the pulpit for one year. Mr. Green was ordained here in the Town Hall November 12, 1872. He resigned the pastorate July i, 1873, and was suc- ceeded by Granville Pierce of Townsend, whose ordi- nation likewise was in the Town Hall, November 19, 1873. He continued here until October i, 1876. The next in succession was Rev. Francis S. Thatcher of Newton, who began his services December 3, 1876, and continued two years. The services of Rev. Sheldon C. Clark were secured from April 6, 1879, to the following September. Rev. Cyrus A. Roys supplied for a few months until the Rev. Wil- liam C. Litchfield of Scituate was engaged in the spring of 1880. Mr. Litchfield embraced the period between June i, 1880, and January i, 1882, when he removed to Athol. From this date until the return of Mr. Litchfield, April i, 1884, the society were sup- plied by Rev. E. P. Gibbs of Hudson, Prof. H. H. Lincoln of Boston, Rev. Obed Eldridge of Northboro and some others. Mr. Litchfield supplied after his return until about May, 1886, when he accepted the pastorate of a church in Gardner. The next in the line of succession was Rev. I. F. Porter of Peters- ham, who began his services May 2, 1887. The in- terregnum between the two latter pastorates was filled by various candidates. - Mr. Porter resigned October 20, 1888, and the pul- pit was supplied by various candidates until January 22, 1890, when the Rev. George F. Pratt of Clinton was installed and has since continued in the pastorate. UNITARIAN MINISTERS AND SUNDAY SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS. <; KEV. \VM. \V. LITCHFIELD. REV. GEO. W. GREEN. REV. GRANVILLE PIERL E. REV. I. F. PORTER. PROF. H. H. LINCOLN. ISRAEL SAWYER, SUPT. REV. FRANCIS S. THATCHER. REV. .SHELDON C. CLARK. REV. CVRUS C. ROVS. KEV. WM. S. HAYWARD. REV. GEO. F. PRATT. KEV. I. F. WATERHOUSE. METHODIST MEETING HOUSE. TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 29 THE CARTER FUND. Chandler Carter, moved by a strong desire to put the society on a sound financial basis, signified to the society a willingness to donate the sum of $20,000 in trust, the income of which to be used for the support of Unitarian preaching. This intention was carried into effect in a public meeting in the church May 5, 1887, Prof. H. H. Lincoln making the principal address and response on the part of the society. UNITARIAN MEETING-HOUSE. The first donation to the society available for the building of a meeting-house was made by Mary W, Carter of $1,000.* At a meeting of the society Feb- ruary 24, 1 88 1, it was voted to build a church. The records show that at a meeting held March 2, 1881, Chandler Carter then stated that he would give the society $1,000 to help them build a church, provided they were all united. In addition to this he gave $136.50 to pay for the pews. The church was built from a plan furnished by Mr. Nourse, architect of Worcester, whose father, B. B. Nourse of Westboro, was a native of this town. The cost of the church, except the work of grading, etc., given by individ- uals, was $4,504.43, and was dedicated March i, 1882, the Rev. Minot J. Savage of Boston preaching the dedicatory sermon. METHODIST CHURCH. About 1855-6 Rev. Gardner Rice, then principal of the Berlin Academy, began holding prayer and class meetings, which resulted in the organization of * See article, Mary W. Carter, in the genealogical part of this work. 10 130 HISTORY OF THE a Methodist Episcopal Church April, 1856. Mr. Rice was succeeded in the pastorate by Rev. John Goodwin for two years, and he again for two years b}^ Rev. W. W. Colburn, and Mr. Nathaniel Stevens succeeded Mr. Colburn for two years. Rev. B. F. Whittemore was the successor of Mr. Stevens and continued in the pastorate six months, and was the last minister under the first organization, which ap- parently became extinct 1862, when nearly all the male members of this church, together with the min- ister, enlisted and did good service in the War of the Rebellion. Rev. Mr. Whittemore was appointed chaplain in the army, and did good service for the government for some years in the southern states after the close of the war. Interest in the Methodist Church remained dormant here until 1880. On the 1 8th of April of this year, Rev. W. W. Colburn and C. H. Hanaford began preaching alternately. Col- burn preached the first in the Town Hall April 18, 1880, and was followed by Hanaford, and so on until the September following, when the presiding elder of the district came September i 5 to form a church. The organization was completed and Rev. C. H. Hanaford took charge of the church for eighteen months. He was followed by Rev. C. W. Wilder, who continued in the pastorate six months until April, 1883, when the Rev. Eratus Burlingham be- came his successor, and continued two years. He was followed by Rev. Luther Freeman one year, and he by Rev. Paul Desjardins two years, Rev. J. W. Barter two years. Rev. A. J. Hall one year, and Rev. E. F. Heigh way one year. The Rev. S. K. vSmith has had charge for the last three years (1895). TOWN OF BERLIN. I3I The meetings at first under tlie old organization were held in the hall over Riley Smith's blacksmith shop, and lastly in the old Town House on the Com- mon. The meetings under the new organization were for a time held at the new Town Hall, until the building of their meeting-house in 1887. The house was dedicated December 20, 1887, ser- mon by Rev. William N. Brodbeck; corner stone laid June, 1887, sermon by Rev. Dr. George S. Chad- bourne. The church cost originally $4,000. At the time of its dedication a debt of only $1,600 remained unpaid; of this, $600 was raised in 1889 through the efforts of Rev. J. W. Barter, and the remaining $1,000 was secured in 1892 during the pastorate of Rev. S. K. Smith. A grand jubilee service in cele- bration of its freedom from debt was held January 19, 1893, Rev. Dr. George S. Chadbourne, former presiding elder, preaching the sermon. Rev. Gardner Rice was born December 13, 1805, in Wayland, Mass. His parents dying when he was quite young, he was bound out to a man by the name of Devol in Leominster, Mass., where he lived till he was twenty-one. Being ambitious to secure an edu- cation, he fitted for college at Wilbraham Academy and graduated at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., in 1834. He spent two years at Newton Theological Seminary, intending to devote his life to the ministry, but was persuaded to take charge of the academy at Holliston for a year. Instead of one year, however, he remained there ten years, and this determined his life work as a teacher. Having re- ceived license in the Methodist Church as a local preacher, for forty years he performed the double 132 HISTORY OF THE work of teaching and preaching, founding not less than nine different churches, all of which are now self-supporting and prosperous. He taught in Ber- in 1855-56, and was the father of Methodism in this place. A man of deep devotion, an untiring worker, his one purpose was to live for God and the good of his fellowmen. He was married May 25, 1835, to Miss Sarah Morse of Leominster, Mass. They had nine children, four of whom are now living. Mr. Rice died in Shrewsbury, Mass., February 24, 1881. Rev. William W. Colburn was born July 16, 1834, at Wilton, Me. When quite young he came to Massachusetts and worked in the shoe shop at West- boro. In 1854 he attended school at Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, Mass., where he was con- verted. He was licensed to exhort at Oakdaie in 1858; attended the Biblical Institute at Concord. N. H. (now Boston Theological Seminary), in 1859-60 ; preparatory to the ministry, joined the New England Conference in 1 860, of which he was a member at the time of his death, which occurred at Waltham, Mass., April 13, 1895. He was a man of marked ability, winning manners, greatly beloved by all, and very successful in his ministry. In 1871-72 he was chap- lain of the Massachusetts state prison. He was married June 28, i860, to Miss Laura A. Chamber- lain of Clinton, Mass., who is still living. Two chil- dren are also living — William P. Colburn of New York city and Mrs. Laura Olmstead of Waltham, Mass. Mr. Colburn supplied Berlin while a student in 1859, and was appointed here by the Conference in i860. He also had pastoral supervision of the church in 1880 while stationed at Hudson. METHODIST MINISTERS. '% «• ~^- *?' REV. GAKDNER RICE. REV. CHAS. II. IIANAFORD. REV. LUTHER IREEMAN. REV. JNO. W. liARTER. REV. FRANK E. HIGHWAY. REV. ALLEN J. HALL. REV. W. \V. COLBURN. REV. C HAS. W. WILDER. REV. S. K. SMITH. REV. lAUL DESJARDENS. TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 33 Rev. Charles H. Hanaford was born in Northfield, N. H., February 4, 1835, was converted in 185 1, was licensed to preach in 1859, and joined the New Eng- land Conference the same year. He has preached within the bounds of the Conference ever since, hold- ing positions of trust and responsibility. At the present time he is pastor of the Allston M. E. Church, Boston. He was educated at the New Hampshire Conference Seminary at Tilton, N. H., and has been a close student during all his ministerial life. He was married July 4, 1858, to Miss Jennie A. Nason of Mason, N. H., whose father was a prominent member of the New Hampshire Conference. An only son, Fred A. Hanaford, lives at Clinton, Mass. Mr. Hanaford was stationed at Berlin in 1882, after supplying the charge for several months previous. Rev. Charles W. Wilder was born February 22, 1837, at Granville, Vt. He united with the church in 1850, was licensed to preach in i860 and joined the New England Conference in 1865, of which he is still a member ; at present pastor of the church at WoUaston, Mass. He was educated at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., graduating in 1865. In 1866-67 he taught in Newbury Seminary, Vt. In 1868-69 hewas professor in, and in 1879-81 princi- pal of, the Vermont Conference vSeminary at Mont- pelier, Vt. Hewas married May 5, 1866, to Miss Jeanette H. Davis of Dudley, Mass. Three children were bom to them, two of whom, Edith H. and Charles W., are still living. He was for a short time in the army of the Rebellion, a member of the^6th Mass. Regiment, Company G. Mr. Wilder was pastor of the church in Berlin portions of 1882-83, while re- 134 HISTORY OF THE covering his health. A man of transparent char- acter, highly esteemed by all, his life has been marked by devotion to duty and increasing useful- ness. Rev. Luther Freeman was born July 17, 1866, at Essex, Vt. He united with the Methodist Church in 1878, was licensed to preach in 1883, and joined the New England Conference in 1 890. He was edu- cated at Boston University, graduating in 1889. It was while a student there he supplied the church at Berlin in 1885. He is at present the popular pastor of the First Methodist Church at Waltham, Mass. He was married September 10, 1890, to Miss Bertha F. Mansfield, daughter of Rev. George Mansfield of the New England Conference. Mr. Freeman is a young man of magnetic influence, charming man- ners, marked ability, and gives promise of a life of great usefulness in the church. Rev. Paul Desjardins was born in Bad Axe, Michi- gan, about the year 1854. His parents were French Canadians and reside at present in Michigan. Mr Desjardins studied at the Boston Theological School, and while there, in 1886-87, supplied the Methodist Church in Berlin. It was during his pastorate and through his untiring efforts the church was built. After leaving here he had charge for some time of a French mission in New York city. He then re- turned to Michigan, where he is at present laboring, a member of the Detroit Conference. Mr. Desjar- dins was a man of fine presence, much tact and ability, and greatly devoted to his work. Rev. John W. Barter was born August 30, 1858^ at St. George, Knox county, Maine. He united TOWN OF BERLIN. 135 with the Baptist Church at St. George when seven- teen years of age. He was licensed to preach in the Methodist Church in 1878 at Heath, Mass., and re- ceived appointments from the New England Confer- ence to Heath, Cambridge, Beverly and Berlin. His educational advantages were limited, but his superior natural gifts were to a great extent a substitute for scholastic training, and soon secured for him posi- tions of responsibility and influence. He was mar- ried August 30, 1883, to Miss Carrie L. Gleason of Heath, Mass. They have three children living. Mr. Barter was pastor of the Methodist Church in Berlin in 1888-89. At the close of his pastorate here he retired from the active work of the ministry and en- gaged in business. He now resides in Berlin, living near the Centre, and is engaged in the commission trade. Rev. Allen J. Hall was born vSeptember 8, 1839, ^^ Williamstown, Mass. He united with the Methodist Church in 1858, was licensed to preach in 1864 and joined the New England Conference in 1867, of which he is still a member, his present pastorate being at Graniteville, Mass. He was educated at Cazenovia Seminary, N. Y., and the Biblical Insti- tute, Concord, N. H. He was married June 18, 1867, to Miss Sarah A. Goodell of Hillsboro, N. H. Rev. Mr. Hall was pastor of the Methodist Church in Berlin in 1890, and by his earnestness and devo- tion drew many hearts toward him. Rev. Frank E. Heighway was born in Canton, Ohio, about the year 1 864. His father when a young man moved from Thompsonville, Conn., to Ohio, residing in Canton at the present time. Mr. Heighway was 136 HISTORY OF THE educated at Mt. Hope vSeminary, Ohio, and Boston University. He supplied the Methodist Church in Berlin while a student in Boston in 1891. He is at present stationed in Cleveland, Ohio, a member of the Cincinnati Conference. A man of positive char- acteristics, with high ambition and earnest devotion, his increasing usefulness and prominence are assured. Rev. Sidney K. Smith was born March 14, 1838, at Huntington, Long Island, N. Y. At seventeen years of age he went to New York city to live, securing a position as custom house clerk in an im- porting house. He united with the York Street Methodist Church, Brooklyn, in 1856, was licensed to preach in 1859, and joined the New York East Conference in 1865. He was educated at Wilbra- ham Academy, Wesleyan University, and the Biblical Institute at Concord, N. H. He was mar- ried September 14, 1865, to Miss Mary F. Barnard of Marlboro, Mass. They have five children — three sons and two daughters. Mr. Smith is still a member of the New York East Conference, though residing at Marlboro, Mass. His pastorate in Berlin commenced April, 1892, and still continues. THE friends' society. Quite a respectable and influential number of Ber- lin families have belonged to the Friends' vSociety, whose meeting-house, built 1790, stands just over the line in Bolton. This meeting constitutes what is known as the Bolton Monthly Meeting, a branch of the Smithfield Quarterly Meeting, which holds one of its sessions yearly the second Thursday in August at the Bolton meeting-house. TOWN OF BERLIN. I37 Berlin and Bolton have known better than most towns the Friends or Quakers in their citizenship ; both towns would bear cheerful testimony to their worth. To see the commingling of the descendants of Cassandra Southwick and the Boston Puritans fraternizing in religious meetings, public and pri- vate, with kindliest regards for each other's distinc- tive views and order of worship, seems to preclude the possibility of certain historic facts, — just as fully Puritans as ever and just as fully Quakers as ever. But many of the Quakers on whom the Puri- tans' wrath descended were as unlike our worthy Quaker citizens as were the old Puritans unlike the Puritans of to-day. Not here can we discuss the merits of the case, but we rejoice together in the better knowledge of personal liberty of opinions and the harmonizing of religious faith. The Quakers have always had really the most ad- vanced and mainly correct ideas on liberty as to re- ligion. Some of the members of the society came in conflict with the town on account of the ministerial tax. By law every taxable person was liable to this tax unless he presented to the Assessors a certificate that he was a member of some other religious so- ciety. This, Jonathan Baker neglected or refused to do, hence he was assessed, and on refusal to pay he was put in jail. The town finally remitted his four- teen-shilling tax, and his certificate of Quaker mem- bership stands on record. On school matters Obadiah Wheeler was the per- sistent leader in insisting year after year, and as often refused, on a division of the school money. That is our issue to-dav with the Catholics. The Quakers 138 HISTORY OF THE finally established a school near their meeting-house in Bolton, to which all the children of Friends' fam- ilies were sent. This plan of separate sectarian schools was abandoned as impracticable and unwise, 1870, and a return was made to the common school, where every American or foreign born child here should attend and receive the rudiments at least of a sound secular education. In 1781 the following members "signed off" or presented their certificate of membership : Stephen Sweat, Obadiah Wheeler, Jr., Peter Grossman, Benjamin Baker, David South- wick, Enoch South wick, Jonathan Wheeler, Jr., Ste- phen Wheeler, Peregrine Wheeler and William Bry- ant. Of late a change is apparent in the garb and language of the Friends, probably in the line of prog- ress. At the present time members of this society are not distinguishable from the world's people in either speech or dress. OTHER BELIEFS AND NO BELIEFS. Besides the Orthodox, Unitarians, Methodists and Friends, there have been, from the early times, some living here of other beliefs. Notably among these were some Baptists who attended church in neigh- boring towns, and of more recent date we find several respectable families of the Catholic faith who attend church at Clinton and Hudson. And, again, on dili- gent inquiry, it may be learned that quite a large number, proportionately, are, and have been, of the Spiritualistic faith or belief. They have no organiza- tion, and of late have rarely held any meetings in town. Interest in this subject began here, about 1850, and meetings were held in various places until TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 39 the breaking out of the war. Since then, less activity- has been manifested, but faith in the reality of the manifestations still has a strong hold in many fam- ilies. The remaining portion of the population by some would be called "agnostics;" by others, "the world's people." They have made no particular profession of religion orally, but have left their faith to be known by their works. On close inquiry it will probably be found that most of these have faith in the Golden Rule and in the doctrine " that what- soever ye sow, that shall ye also reap." COST OF PUBLIC WORSHIP. The three churches located in town furnish ample facilities for the entire population to attend meeting. The Congregational Church was built by the town for the accommodation of all its inhabitants, when the population was nearly the same as at present. The total amount invested in the three meeting- houses amounts to nearly $15,000, and the yearly expenditure for the supply of the pulpit and other society work is probably not less than $3,000, besides the annual repairs, which amount to no inconsider- able sum. Taken altogether, the yearly appropri- ation and the interest on the church property amount to one-half of the a.verage town taxes, and "for no other purpose," says Mr. Houghton, "would the people voluntarily tax themselves for so large an amount." The number that attend meeting of any kind bear no comparison to the sums expended. Less than one-half, probably, are regular attendants, and the query arises whether some plan may be devised by 140 HISTORY OF THE •some wise head by which the people can be elevated to a higher plane, intellectually, morally and spirit- ually, by a less expenditure of inoney. Brief exam- ination discloses the fact that at least $2,000 a year could be saved in this small town for other bene- ficial purposes if people were guided less by dogma and more by reason. Just consider : In one decade there would be saved $20,000 for objects of the high- est utility — for a high school, for a magnificent library and a building for the same of ample dimensions and of artistic design, and for other purposes equally beneficial. Could people of small towns like this disrobe themselves of sectarian prej- udice, and exercise the same prudence, foresight and sagacity in this as in the ordinary affairs of life, the community would soon be elevated to a higher posi- tion in the scale of being, and advance towards that higher plane of civilization which has been the ideal life of the wisest sages of all generations. MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS — LIST OF BERLIN OFFICERS. THE OLD MILITIA. This organization is known on record as the 9th Company of the ist Regiment of Worcester County Division and attached to the 2d Brigade, the 6th and 7th Division of the infantry arm of the service. The following is a list of officers and year of commis- sion : — CAPTAINS. Barnabas Maynard, 1787 Samuel Jones, Jr., 1795 Henry Powers, 1788 Job Spofford, 1798 Josiah Sawyer, 1792 Manasseh Fairbank, iSoi >I42 HISTORY OF THE Ephraim Howe, 1803 Theophilus Nourse, 1822 Amos Sawyer, 1805 Benjamin F. Spofford, 1824 Oliver Sawyer (Pro.), 1809 Paul Brigham, 1826 William Newton, 1812 John Bartlett, 1829 Solomon Howe, 1814 Silas B. Fairbank, 1830 William Barnes, 1816 Franklin Sawyer, 1831 Curtis Howe, 1817 Silas Sawyer, 1837 All of the above-named were promoted from lieutenants or ensigns to captains, except Captain Barnabas Maynard. LIEUTENANTS. The following, not in the above list, served as lieutenants : Samuel Baker, Jr., 1788 Albert Babcock, 1831 Augustus Bigelow, 1805 William Babcock, 1838 Ira Sawyer, 181 7 Samuel M. Fuller, 1856^ John Powers, 1826 ENSIGNS. Not named in above lists : Henry Powers, 1809 Joseph Wilder, 1832 Aaron Barnes, 1822 The company was disbanded July i, 1857. Men enlisted in other organizations and those pro- moted to higher positions in the service, viz. : Samuel Spofford, cornet, ist Regiment of Horse, 1792. Samuel Spofford, captain, Battalion Cavalry, 1794. Caleb Fairbanks, cornet, " " 1798. Joseph Parks, cornet, Cavalry, 18 10. Joseph Parks, lieutenant, Cavalry, 181 1. Joseph Parks, captain, Cavalry, 18 14. Joseph Parks, major. Cavalry, 18 16. Joseph Parks, lieutenant colonel. Cavalry, 181 7. TOWN OF BERLIN. 143 Joseph Parks, colonel, Cavalry, 1818. Timothy Bailey, lieutenant, Cavalry, 181 2. Timothy Bailey, captain, Cavalry, 1816. Jonathan D. Meriam, cornet, Cavalry, 1820. Jonathan D. Meriam, lieutenant, Cavalry, 1822. Jonathan D. Meriam, captain. Cavalry, 1824. Emerson Spofford, cornet. Cavalry, 1826. INFANTRY. Silas B. Fairbank, major, 1831. Silas B. Fairbank, lieutenant colonel, 1832. Oliver Sawyer, major, 1812. ARTILLERY. Oliver Stone, lieutenant, Battalion of Artillery, 1835. Abram Babcock, lieutenant. Battalion of Artillery, 1837. BERLIN LIGHT INFANTRY. This company was formed in the spring of 1852 and is known of recorcj as Company F, 8th Regiment, 5th Brigade and 3d Division, Massachusetts Vohm- teers. The first captain of this company was Lewis Sawyer, commissioned April 15,1852, and discharged Novembers, 1854. The second captain was Chris- tophers. Hastings, commissioned March 13, 1855, and resigned January 16, 1857. Captain Hastings was commissioned second lieutenant April 15, 1852; Ira Carter, third lieutenant, April 15, 1852; James N. Johnson, fourth lieutenant, April 15, 1852; James N. Johnson, second lieutenant, March 13, 1855; Samuel M. Fuller, third lieutenant, March 13, 1855; Samuel M. Fuller, second lieutenant, April 30, 1855, 144 HISTORY OF THE Chauncey P. Hartwell, fourth lieutenant, June 30,. 1855; Chauncey P. Hartwell, second lieutenant, July 22, 1856; Lewis L. Carter, fourth lieutenant, March 13, 1855; Lewis L. Carter, third lieutenant, April 30, 1855. This company was disbanded July i, 1857; since then there has been no military organization in town, THE OLD CEMETERY, 1 768. The land for the old cemetery was given to the inhabitants of Bolton for a "burying place" by Sam- uel Jones and. David Rice, by deed May 9, 1768. The consideration named therein was : "For the love and good will of the inhabitants of the southerly part of the town of Bolton, living within the limits M^hich hath been mentioned for a precinct or district." The first interment was that of Samuel Jones of Marl- boro, probably the father of Samuel, the donor, 1 769. Previous to this burials were made in the Bolton old cemetery and in burying grounds in the adjoining towns. Some from nearly all the families of the first settlers were buried here, except those of the Society of Friends, of which there was quite a num- ber who were buried in an old cemetery back of the Thomas Fry place. Two memorial statues of fine artistic design and workmanship, erected by Artemas Barnes, 1876, adorn the grounds: the one to the memory of Dr. Puffer, representing "Faith ;" the other to the memory of Lieutenant Timothy Bailey, who was our only soldier who died in the Revolutionary war, and represents "Hope." The old cemetery sub- served the wants of the town for eighty-seven years, or till 1857, when the new cemetery was laid out. TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 45 THE NEW CEMETERY, 1 857. The first movement made by the town in relation to a new cemetery was at a town meeting held June 1 1, 1849. O^ motion made by Josiah Babcock, chose a committee "to ascertain if some suitable place for a new burial ground can be obtained." Various places were examined from time to time till April 6, 1857, when the town voted that the Committee on Burial Ground buy four or more acres at or near Pine nursery. This committee consisted of Oliver Fosgate, Edward F. Green, Oliver Smith, Eli Saw- yer and C. S. Hastings. The land was a part of the old Levi Wheeler farm, and the committee in their report to the town say that they "found there a piece of land that nature has shaped just as it should be, or just as your committee think it should be, etc., of easy access to the road. A part of the lot is covered with small growing pines." A committee subsequently chosen reported in favor of the same location. Brief inspection of this site demonstrates the wisdom of those who selected this beautiful and convenient spot for the new cemetery. No town around can in all respects present so fine a location. The grounds were laid out in 1857 and the work completed the following year. The first interment was that of Joel L. Wheeler, who died in August, 1857, ]\Iore pains are taken yearly to keep the cemetery in good order. The income of the Hunt and Bige- low funds is applied for that purpose. The tomb was first placed near the gateway, but was removed to the present location 1877. The price of lots was fixed at first at $ 5 , but was changed 1877: ' 'To parties 146 HISTORY OF THE out of town, $25 ; to those in town, $8 for inside lots and $5 for outside." thp: war of the rebellion. The first notice the people of the town had that hostilities had commenced was announced by our veteran expressman and stage driver, Amos Sawyer. The thrilling account of the attack on Fort Sumter was read from a Boston paper before the coach left the post office on the evening of April 12, 1861. It had been customary for some time for our townsmen to assemble on arrival of the mail. On this occasion more than the usual number were present, anxious to learn if the threatened intention of the rebels had been carried out. This news created intense excitement throughout the towm. The people were prepared in a measure , to expect some rash and overt act on the part of our southern brethren, still they had hopes that return- ing reason or some fortuitous circumstances might arise to prevent actual hostilities. The people of the town were quite well united in opposition to the plotters of treason, and but few if any rebel sympa- thizers were in our midst; prudence dictated to them undoubtedly that safety and security for them- selves would be best secured by silence and seclusion. This unit}^ of sentiment was highly favorable to that military enthusiasm which was quickened into inten- sity by the stirring events of April, 1861. The patriotic sentiment must have vent, must express itself in words and deeds not to be misunderstood, hence a meeting was called by the Selectmen at the old Town House on the Common May 6, 1 861, at which TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 47 it was informally proposed to raise a whole company in our representative district — Berlin, Bolton and Harvard, — and that the other towns be invited to join us. Projects for drilling were perfected. One said he understood ''tick tacs" and could perform the duties of drill master. It was finally agreed that the able-bodied should meet and parade on the Common and then march to Northboro under com- mand of Captain C. S. Hastings, and show the Northboreans that the Berlineans were alive and ready for action, and eager to obtain recruits for the new company. The programme proposed was carried out, the march was made, and each man carried a musket — an old queen's arm or a rifle; the music — a fife and drum. Such was the effervescence of the first outburst of patriotic sentiment here at this time, there would have been no difficulty in enlisting a whole company perhaps ; not all in town, but a few outsiders might have been necessary for a full com- plement, and that, too, without the large bounties afterwards paid. The first official action taken by the town for the suppression of the Rebellion was on the 6th of May, 1 86 1. The Selectmen for that year were: Henry D. Coburn, Silas Sawyer and George W. Maynard. At this meeting the sum of $2,000 was appropriated "for fitting out volunteers for the defense of the government," and chose the following committee for the expenditure of the money, viz. : Luther Peters, Abel W. Longley, RiW Smith, Eli Sawyer and William Bassett. The following resolutions, pre- sented by William Bassett, Esq., w^ere read and adopted : 148 HISTORY OF THE Resolved, That the time has come for action, resolute, deter- mined, decided action ; and that Uberty imperilled, the laws defied, the Constitution trampled upon and the old flag trailed in the dust by traitorous hands, call in tones of thunder to every patriot to arm and strike a blow at once for liberty and law, for God and justice. Resolved, That since governments were instituted among men, never was there less justification for rebellion than this which has been brought forth by a conspiracy more wicked than the world has ever seen, and all who shall give it aid and comfort by word or deed will be justly deserving the execration of all good and patriotic citizens. Resolved, That we cheerfully accept the situation and will resolutely stand on our country's defense, and in proportion to our means and numbers will contribute of the same to the support of the government, until the old flag shall wave over the whole land as the emblem of equality, liberty and law. The above action of the town was in response to the first call of the president for troops, made imme- diately after the fall of Fort Sumter, April 15, 1861, which was for 75,000 to serve for three months, and also to the second call, made May 3d, for 42,000 addi- tional volunteers, to serve for three years, or during the war. The enlistment fever subsided in a measure when it was learned from Washington that no more volun- teers were needed, and that William H. Seward, secretary of state, and others in high authority expressed the opinion that the Rebellion would collapse within three months, but the battle of Bull Rull changed all of this. The magnitude of the contest was more apparent as time went on, until all could see that it was a life and death struggle for union and libertv. TOWN OF BERLIN. 149 It appears by the report of the committee before named, made at the November meeting, 1861, "that they had paid thirty-four men $8 each." The enlist- ments to this date were mostly in the 13 th, 15 th, 2 2d and 25 th Mass. Vols. None of our soldiers were in the first battle of Bull Run. July 25, 1862. "Voted to pay the sum of $100 to each volunteer who may enlist in the service of the country to constitute the quota for the town of Berlin for three years' service." August 23. "Voted to pay $100 to each volunteer required to fill the quota for the 300,000 volunteers for nine months' service, called for by the president of the United States, the $100 to be paid when they shall be mustered into the service of the United States. A committee of five was chosen to obtain the names of all persons engaged in the war, includ- ing names, ages, occupation." November 4. "Voted that the Selectmen be instructed to contract with Adams Express Company to convey the bodies of those soldiers from this town who may die or be killed in battle, who may be delivered at their office, and the Selectmen furnish the express company with a list of names of the soldiers in service from this town." November 3, 1863. "Voted to comply with the provision of section 9 of the act for reimbursement of bounties paid by towns to volunteers." April 2, 1864. "Voted that the town appropriate $125 to pay each volunteer who may enlist in the service of the United States as a part of the quota of this town, or a like amount for recruiting purposes to fill the quota of this town." 150 HISTORY OF THE August 3. "Voted to pay the bounty in gold or its equivalent." June 9, 1866. Soldiers' monument proposed. The following committee was chosen to take the matter into consideration and report at a future meeting: Rev. W. A. Houghton, William Bas- sett, Israel Sawyer, Riley Smith, A. W. Longley. The committee reported in favor of a memorial hall instead of a monument, which report was accepted, and the same was built in connection with and as a part of the Town Hall building, and both were dedicated at the same time, March 2, 1870. The memorial address was by Rev. William A. Houghton, and was printed in pamphlet with the other exercises on that occasion. This address was largely devoted to a personal history of those who died during the war and a brief sketch of the sur- vivors. A fuller record of Berlin soldiers will hereafter appear in these pages, derived from the adjutant general's office and other sources. The following is an extract from Adjutant General Schouler's history, "Massachusetts in the Rebellion": "Berlin furnished 130 men for the war, which was a surplus of nine over and above all demands ; three were commissioned officers. The whole amount of money appropriated and expended by the town on account of the war, exclusive of state aid, was $14,013.22. "The amount of money raised and expended by the town during the war for state aid to soldiers' families and repaid by the Commonwealth was as follows: In 1861, $296.25 ; in 1862, $1,773.32; in 1863, $2,883.05; in 1864, $3,589.30; in 1865, $2,691.44. Total amount, $11,233.36. "The ladies of Berlin formed a soldiers' aid society, and did soldiers' work for the Sanitary Commission. They also col- WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS. MRS. GEO. H. ANDREWS. MRS. FRANCIS BABCOCK. MRS. J. H. GROSSMAN. MRS. SARAH STKATTON. MRS. R. c. SAWYER. MRS. PIIILO URUCE. MRS. S. E. ANDREWS. MRS. J. Q^ MAYNARD. TOWN OF BERLIN. I 5 I lected over $700 to purchase material to be made into under- clothing, socks and other garments for the soldiers. They met often, the average attendance being about sixty. The articles furnished were generally sent to the soldiers through the Sanitary and Christian Commissions." THE president's CALL FOR VOLUNTEERS — MASSA- CHUSETTS' QUOTAS — MEN FURNISHED. President's call. Mass. Men furnished. 1S61. April 15, 3 months, 75>ooo 1,560 3,736 3 months May3, 6 mos., I, 2,3 yrs. 500,000 34,868 32,177 3 years Congress approved Aug. 6, July 22, 25. 1862. July 2, 3 years, 300,000 19,080 16,519 3 years August 4, 9 months, 300000 19,080 16,685 9 rnonths 1S63. June 15, 6 months, 103 6 months October 17, 3 years, 500,000 26,597 17,711 3 years 1S64. February i, 3 years, men paid commutation 3,703 3 years March 14, 3 years, 200,000 10,639 ^ 7,332 3 years March 14, men paid commutation 1,615 3 years Apr.'23 to July 18, must'd in 100 days, 4,000 6,809 100 days 6,990 I year Julv 18, 500,000 21,965 108 2 years 24,641 3 years 1,535 1 year December 10, 300,000 1,^06 ^ " ^ ^' ^ ' '^ 2,349 3 years 2 4 years Massachusetts' quota, 139,095 ; furnished, 146,730. WAR MEETINGS. Prior to 1864 the voluntary enlistments had been sufficient to nearly fill all quotas called for, but the later calls of the president for 500,000 and 300,000 during this year necessitated going into the market for 152 HISTORY OF THE recruits. Home enlistments had ceased, and all had gone who could well leave their families or had an inclination to enter the service, hence Berlin, like most other towns, had to buy recruits by paying large bounties. Meetings were frequently held at the old Town House on the Common to devise ways and means to fill the quotas and escape the draft. Per- sons liable to the draft contributed $50 each to the general fund to pay the bounties required in filling the last calls of the president. The last enlistments of citizens of special note was on January 5, 1864, of Tyler Paine, John Robins, George E. Maynard, Oliver P. Wheeler and Rufus R. Wheeler (enlisted, but Rufus didn't go). This was a "time that tried men's souls," and men's pockets as well of those that staid at home. The last quotas were filled through Boston agencies in Washington, mostly of discharged soldiers of other states. After filling the last calls the enrolled militia felt an inex- pressible sense of relief in the belief that the beginning of the end had come, for the backbone of the Rebellion had been broken at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, and General Grant was in command of the armies. THE PERSONAL HISTORY OF THOSE WHO DIED IN THE SERVICE. Captain " C. S. Hastings," a name for years as familiar in Berlin as the name of the town, properly heads the death roll of our deceased soldiers. Christopher Sawyer Hastings, son of Ephraim and Achsah Hastings, was bom in Lancaster, now Clin- ton, in 1 8 14. Moses was the name by which he was called till he became of age, when he changed it to DECEASED SOLDIERS. CHARLES C. WRIGHT. JAMES BARRY. THOMAS F. RATHBUN. WILLIAM H. COBUKN. CAPT. C. S. HASTINGS. EDWIN BIGELOW. I. KKANK CARTER. LEMUEL GOTT, JR. JAMES M. BULLARD. WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS. MKS. s. t. ClIAMlitKl,i.\. MKS. OLIVE CARTER. MRS. AMOKV L. MAVNARD MRS. EMMA HUNTING. MR.S. O. K. UPHA.M. MKS. JESSIE SNOW JOHNSON. ■MRS. AI.HERT HAHCOCK. .MRS. JOHN ROSE. MRS. GEO. H. URUCE. MRS. FRED. MILLER. TOWN OF BERLIN. I53 Christopher. His childhood and youth were spent in Boylston, whither his parents removed. At twenty-one years he came to Berlin, his father hav- ing purchased the Nathan Johnson estate. In 1 840 he settled himself in the family state with Miss Cordelia Bigelow of Marlboro, on the homestead which he so much adorned in various improvements. He was a citizen in the true sense, active and enter- prising — a man of cheerful social habits, and public- spirited as a townsman. His fellow-citizens be- stowed upon him important trusts, which he ever met with fidelity. At the opening of the w^ar his age exempted him from military service. His offer- ing was voluntary. True, he had much at stake, with others. But he had no doubt of the final issue, yet he would not withhold his own personal service. He enlisted in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass. Vols., and entered into the service as captain, September, 1862. The regiment was about Harper's Ferry awhile, and the upper Potomac ; then at Fredericksburg, and under fire in that battle, but not engaged. Their next service was in the southwestern department. Capt. Hastings was with his regiment in the siege of Vicksburg, and three days in the engagement at Jackson. Here he sickened, and was left behind the regiment, on its return to Kentucky. He recovered, and wrote his last letter at Memphis, returning to his regiment. Was taken sick again, and died at Mound City, 111,, September 8th, 1863, at forty-nine years of age. Thomas F. Rathburn, son of Solomon H. and Hannah Rathburn, was born in Bolton 1841. Rath- burn made the first regular enlistment of our soldiers, 154 HISTORY OF THE though he did not go on that enHstment. July 4th^ 1 86 1, he was enrolled in Co. F, 13th Regt., Mass. Vols. The early service of the regiment was tedious in marches. On the upper Potomac, on picket duty, he contracted a fever, of which he died at Win- chester, March 14th, 1862, at twenty years of age. His remains, the first of our death harvest in the war, were sent home in charge of his fellow soldier, Corporal S. M. Haynes, and were buried in our own cemetery. Charles H. Mavnard, son of Charles H. and Priscilla Maynard (Mrs. Reuben Babcock), was born in Stow April nth, 1835. Resident here at the outbreak of the war, he was among the first to enlist for our defense. He joined Co. E, 13th Regt., Mass. Vols., in July, 1861. He zealously followed the fortunes of this brave regiment in all its perils and hard service of movements and battles, till the memorable day of Gettysburg, when he was taken prisoner. Exchanged, he declined in health, and died in the service of the invalid corps, at Douglas Hospital, Washington, D. C, January 24th, 1864, at twenty-eight years of age. His grave is in our own cemetery. Alonzo F. Howe, son of Lyman and Rebecca Howe, was born in Marlboro March 24th, 1831. Just before the war he raised here his domestic sanctuary, and gat±Lered his little family around him. He enlisted in Co. H, 29th Regt, Mass. Vols., December 23d, 1861. He was unable, much of the time, to do field duty, but was with his regiment at the siege of Vicksburg. Returning, he was taken sick on the way, and died at Camp Denison, Cin- DECEASED SOLDIERS. IIOLLIS L. JOHNSON EZRA liARTLETT. J. N. P. JOHNSON. CHARLES D. STARKEV. WILLIAM FLORENCE. SILAS E. GODDARD. GEORGE H. ROWERS SAMUEL A. SNOW. N. M. ALLEN. WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS. fgy' ^ \i u-^. \\ . I . i:AnriH K. MKS. JUS. STAI'LE.S. MR.S. JOHN A. MERRILL MKS. OLl\KK SWVVEK. MRS. LHAS. II. ULISS. MRS. S. II. MERRILL. MRS. BENJ. s. WALKER. MRS. JOHN L. D.\Y. :MRS. J, M. DEWEV. TOWN OF BERLIN. I 5 5. cinnati, September 7th, 1863, aged thirty-two years. His remains were brought to this place for burial. Silas F. Jillson (misnamed Gilsom on tablet), .son of Wheaton C. and Eliza B. Jillson, was born in Richmond, N. H., May 24th, 1836. Living in this town at the opening of the war, he readily enlisted for the town in Co. I, 25th Regt., Mass. Vols., October 20th, 1 86 1. Jillson was the first of our soldiers to receive a wound, — this at Roanoke Island. He re- enlisted and continued in the service through the war, but died at Charlotte, N. C, July 14th, 1865, aged twenty-nine years. He received a second wound in the summer of 1864. Silas E. Goddard, son of Ephraim and Sophia Goddard, was born in Berlin March 24th, 1832. A retiring, modest youth, a dutiful son, of infirm health, he nevertheless was urgent to go at the call of his country ; he enlisted in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass. Vols. Was in the Vicksburg campaign, but sunk in sickness on return to Kentucky, and died at Camp Nelson September loth, 1863, at twenty-one years of age. His letters were full of courage, though comrades affirm that he was often really un- able to do duty. George Ira Carter, son of Ira and Hannah Carter, was born in Berlin. He enlisted August 6th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt, Mass. Vols. Among the youngest of all our soldier boys, he followed closely the service of his regiment, and was in all its engagements. Was wounded at Poplar Spring Church, Va., being shot through the left lung; was taken prisoner, and died at Petersburg September 30th, 1864, twenty years old. It is related of him 156 HISTORY OF THE that in battle, the regiment being under fire, he re- fused to lie down at orders, but stood till the word of " charge " was given, when he tossed his gun in air and caught it as he plunged with the rest into the deadly strife, HoLLis L. Johnson, son of Lewis H. and Mary Johnson, was born in Berlin June 7th, 1838. Spent most of his youth among us. Enlisted in Co. F, 13th Regt., Mass. Vols., 1862. He was in constant service till his death, which occurred at the second battle of Bull Run, August 30th, 1862. A long and painful suspense hung over his parents and friends as to his lot in that battle. Up to this point he had kept up frequent correspondence with the family at home. Thomas Hastings, son of Reuben and Hannah Hastings, born in Berlin January 24th, 18 18. Married Elizabeth T. Houghton of Bolton, in which town he resided some years. Enlisted in Co. C, 1 5 th Regt., Mass. Vols. He went through the Peninsular campaign, and was through the battle of Antietam, from which only fifteen of the company came out. A ball passing through both his legs above the knee, he was left upon the field. He succeeded in reach- ing an old barn with others, where they remained four days, helping each other as they could, when they were removed to Campbell Hospital, Phila- delphia. Chronic diarrhoea having set in, he died October 23d, 1862, at forty-four years of age. Nathan B. Garfield was born in Shrewsbury. His youth was spent partly in Amherst, N. H. He came to this place from Marlboro, a diffident and retiring young man, the last of all, we should have DECEASED SOLDIERS. EDWIN II. KICII. GEORGE E. MAVNAUD. WILLIAAT H. IIOKTON. GEORGE I. CAKTEK. AUGUSTUS L. HASTING TYI.EK PAINE. HOMER E. STONE. S. F. JILLSON. GEORGE C. WHEEEEK. TOWN OF BERLIN. 157 said, to make a soldier. But none was more ready at duty's call for any conflict. Repeatedly rejected for bodily frailty, his spirit burned to serve his country. Was finally accepted in Co. I, 25th Regt.^ Mass. Vols., July, 1862. Garfield served his regi- ment mainly in the hospital. Yet nothing- but the field would satisfy his zeal. The field he took, and on the field he fell at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 1 6th, 1 864, aged twenty-nine years. He was tenderly buried by his fellow soldier, Eli Sawyer, Jr., of this town. Willia:\i H. Coburn, son of Henry D. and Hannah Coburn, was born in Berlin, 1841. Very thoughtfully, and with parental consent, he enlisted in Co. I, 36th Regt, Mass. Vols., August 6th, 1862, From the battle of Fredericksburg he accompanied the regiment to the siege of Vicksburg ; was taken sick after the battle of Jackson, and was brought tO' Portsmouth Grove Hospital, R. I. Was again on duty in the battle of the Wilderness, in which he was wounded in a charge on the enemy's works May 6th, 1862. The wound was in the thigh. After many removals, with great suffering, he was brought to Campbell Hospital, Washington, where he died September i8th, 1862, aged twenty-one years. He had the great consolation of his brother's attendance in his last days. James H. Barry was born in Nova Scotia 1844. Spent his youth under the fatherly care of Henry D. Coburn of this town. He eagerly enlisted in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass. Vols., July, 1862. Barry was in the battles of the regiment at Fredericksburg, Vicksburg, Jackson, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, •158 HISTORY OF THE North Anna, Cold Harbor, and was instantly killed on picket duty, in front of Petersburg, July ist, 1864, the ball passing through his right arm and body. He exclaimed, "My God, my God!" and ceased to breathe. His fellow soldier, Ansel Snow, assisted in his proper burial beside the Norfolk & Petersburg railroad. Aged twenty years. Samuel A. Snow, adopted son of Ansel Snow of Berlin, was born in Milford, son of vSamuel A. and Susan Salsbury, 1845. Enlisted in Co. I, 25th Regt., Mass. Vols., October 14th, 1861, and followed closely the service of his regiment. Was in battle at Roa- noke Island, Newbern, Kingston, Whitehall, Golds- boro, Port Walthall, Arrowfield Church, N. C. Re- enlisted as veteran when the regiinent came to Virginia, and was taken prisoner at Drury's Bluff May 27th, 1864. He endured the cruelties of Libby and Andersonville until October, when he was taken to Savannah, thence to Florence, S. C, where he died December ist at the age of nineteen. Such was the soldier life of a timid, retiring boy, hardly known among us, only as a pupil in our schools. George H. Bowers was born in Boston. Came to this town a stranger, with his family, two years before the war. Enlisted in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass. Vols., September, 1862. Died of disease at Coving- ton, Ky., September 30th, 1863, aged thirty-six years. Particulars of his death unknown. Edwin J. Bigelow, son of Horace and Almina Bigelow^, early enlisted in service of his country, in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass., Vols., but was discharged on account of ill health. Re-enlisted 1864 in 6 ist Regt., Mass. Vols., and was killed in making a DECEASED SOLDIERS. ANSEL L. SNOW. JOHN KORrtlN.s. LEWIS F. HOWE. |.\MES F. RATHHUN. KDW \I. K. I I I.I.KK. IIKNKV HUOUN. <;E0. L. HOWE. A T. MAVNAKD. UKNKV MUKAN. CIIAKLKS II. liLI.S.S. DAMEL 11. SNOW. OLI\ER F. WHEELEH. AUSTIN GILL. JCJSIAH BRIDE. TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 65 September 21st, 1861, in Co. K, 25tli Regt. Dis- charged October 20th, 1864, by expiration of term of service. Was in the battles of Roanoke Island, Kingston, Whitehall, Goldsboro, Deep Gulh^ Rocky Hock Creek, siege of Petersburg. Present residence, Hyannis, Mass. Charles H. Snow, son of Charles and Lucy (Wheeler) Snow, born in Billerica. Enlisted October, 1 86 1, in Co. I, 25th Regt. Discharged October, 1 864, by expiration of term of service. Continued with the regiment in its various movements and engagements. After the war he went to Oregon, but returned to Berlin, where he spent a few years. He died suddenly in Shrewsbury while working for Herbert Cook, March 31, 1894. Darling S. Wheeler, son of Levi of Richmond, N. H., born October 31, 1844. Enlisted while work- ing for Jonas Sawyer, September, 1861, in Co. I, 25 th Regt. Discharged October, 1864, by expiration of term of service. Was with the regiment in nearly all its engagements. vSince the war he settled in Minnesota, where he still resides. Solon Wheeler, son of Oliver P. and Harriet, born in Keene, N. H. Enlisted November, 1861, in Co. I, 25th Regt. Re-enlisted December, 1863. Discharged by expiration of whole term of service. Residence, Bolton. MEMBERS OF THE 2 2D REGIMENT. John Q. Maynard, son of Winsor and Cynthia, born in Marlboro October 2 2d, 1837. Enlisted August 28, 1 86 1, in Co. D, 22d Regt. Discharged 1 66 HISTORY OF THE September 13th, 1864, by expiration of term of serv- ice. Was stationed at Hall's Hill, Va. ; transferred to Fortress Monroe ; was at the siege of Yorktown. His regiment was the first to enter the place. Was in the battles of Hanover Court House, Malvern Hill and the second battle of Bull Run, — not actively engaged ; at the battle of Antietam, not actively engaged ; was wounded in the left foot at Fredericks- burg December 1 3th, 1862 ; was finally transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps November 15th, 1863. Residence, Berlin. Frederick Miller, son of Philip and McLean, bom in Baden, Germany. Enlisted September 6th, 1 86 1, in Co. D, 2 2d Regt. Was discharged at Bos- ton September 5, 1864, by expiration of term of service. Was promoted to sergeant, and was with the regiment during all their engagements, and was wounded in the arm at the battle of Laurel Hill, May 8th, 1864. It is thought by some of his com- rades that he performed more hard service than any of our soldiers. Residence, Berlin. Henry Moran, enlisted August, 1861, in Co. D, 22d Regt. Deserted December 13, 1862. Re-enlisted in 1st Connecticut Regt. of Cavalry and served through the war and was honorably discharged. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Conn. Augustus M. Staples, son of Joseph and Sarah, born in Oxford, Me. Enlisted September 6th, 1861, in Co. D, 22d Regt. Discharged January 26th, 1865, by expiration of term of service. Was taken prisoner; was in Libby and Andersonville prison eleven months, and endured great hardship. Resi- dence. Boston. LIVING SOLDIERS. OLIVtK SAWVEK. ELI SAWYER. FRANK E. UROWN llEN'RV K. HOLDER. CHARLES KENNER. GEO. A. ELLIS. ERANK PAGE. JOSEPH A. SAWTELLE. JOSIAH CROSnV. WEBSTER WARNER. lOWN OF BERLIN. I 67 MEMBERS OF THE 29TH REGIMENT. Joseph Staples, son of David and Elizabeth, born in Portland, Me. Enlisted December, 1861, in Co. H, 29tli Regt. Discharged February, 1864, by sur- geon's certificate. Detailed for service in hospital. Residence, Berlin. George C. Wheeler, son of Levi and Olive, born in Berlin. Enlisted as teamster December, 1861, in Co. H, 29th Regt. Discharged by expiration of term of service. Died in Worcester. ENLISTED IN VARIOUS REGIMENTS. Thomas Kerby, son of John and Ann, born in Nova Scotia. Enlisted October, 1861, in Co. H, 26th Regt. Discharged by expiration of term of service. Residence unknown. 5 3D REGIMENT FOR NINE MONTHS, Rev. Benjamin F. Whittemore, born in Virginia, age 38. Was the Methodist minister here 1862. He enlisted as chaplain of the 53d Regt. Was mustered out vSeptember 2d, 1863. (See article, "Methodist Ministers.") Samuel E. Andrews, son of James of Boylston. Enlisted on the quota of that town September 2d, 1862, in Co. K, 53d Regt., for nine months. Dis- charged September 2d, 1863. Was with General Banks' expedition up Red river ; was in the battle of Fort Bisland and the siege of Port Hudson, which lasted forty-three days, from May 27th to July 9th, 1863. The company was detailed as division pio- neers March loth, 1863, and was transferred to the 19th Army Corps the 6th of April following as 1 68 HISTORY OF THE pioneers, and continued the same during the remainder of the service. Residence, Berlin. George H. Andrews, son of James of Boylston and brother of Samuel E. They were both in the same company and regiment and performed the same service. Was on the quota of Boylston. Since the war they have resided in this town. Residence, Berlin. NINE MONTHS MEN — 5TH RECrMENT. Francis Babcock, son of Ephraim and j\Iary, born in Berlin. Enlisted August 20th, 1862, in Co. I, 5th Regt, for nine months. Discharged July 2d, J 863, by expiration of term of service. Was in the following engagements : Rawl's Mills, Kingston, Whitehall, Goldsboro, Deep Gully, Blount's Mills. Harrison T. Babcock, son of Josiahand Betsey, born in Berlin. Enlisted August 20, 1862, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged July 2d, 1863, by expiration of term of service. Was with the regiment in en- gagements at Williamstown, Tarboro, Kino-.ston, Whitehall, Goldsboro. At the last place mentioned was wounded in the leg, from which injury he did not recover during his term of service. William T. Babcock, 2d, son of Albert and Mary B, born in Berlin. Enlisted August 20, 1862. Discharged July 2d, 1863, by expiration of term of service. Was with the resfiment in engagements at Williamstown, Tarboro, Kingston, Whitehall, Golds- boro, Washington, N. C. Re-enlisted for one hundred days. Charles H. Bliss, son of Henry H. and ]Maria, born in Berlin. Enlisted August 20, 1862, in Co. I, TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 69 5th Regt. Discharged July 2d, 1863, by expiration of term of service. Was with the regiment in its various engagements. WiLLARD G. Bruce, son of Sylvanus and Hannah, born in Berlin. Enlisted as musician August 20, 186.2, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged July 2d, 1863, bv expiration of term of service, at • Camp Lander, Wenham, Mass. Was stationed at Newbern, N. C, and went in the various expeditions of the regi- ment in North Carolina. James M. Bullard, son of Joel and Judith, born in Berlin. Enlisted August 20, 1862, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged July 2d, 1863, by expiration of term of service. Continued with the regiment during its service in North Carolina. Was in the battles at Williamstown, Tarboro, Whitehall, Kings- ton and Goldsboro. Removed to Worcester after the war, and there died. George A. Ellis, son of Philo and Charlotte, born in Berlin. Enlisted August 20, 1862, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged July 2d, 1863, by expiration of term of service. Participated in nearly all the engagements of the regiment. Was taken sick at the " Old Red House" (so called), and returned by ambulance twenty miles to camp. Henry R. Holder, son of John and Caroline, born in Berlin. Enlisted as musician August 20, 1862, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged July 2d, 1863, by expiratipn of term of service. Augustus L. Hastings, son of Reuben, Jr., and Caroline, born in Lancaster. Enlisted August 20, 1862, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged July 2d, 1863, by expiration of term of service. Was in the follow- I 70 HISTORY OF THE ing engagements : Williamstown, Tarboro, Kings- ton, Whitehall, Goldsboro, Deep Gully, Washington, Gun Swamp, Cove Creek, Sandy Ridge, Wilkinson's Point. John A. Merrill, son of John D. and Mary H., born in Frankfort, Me. Enlisted August 20, 1862, in Co I, 5th Regt. Discharged July 2d, 1863, by expiration of term of service. The regiment was in the i8th Army Corps in North Carolina. Was with the regiment on expeditions in November and December, 1862 ; March, April, May and June, 1863 ; marching about 400 miles. Was in nine skirmishes and battles, which, by order of Commanding General John G. Foster, are inscribed on the regimental flag. RuFUS C. Sawyer, son of Rufus and Seraph, born in Berlin. Enlisted August 20, 1862, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged July 2d, 1863, by expiration of term of service. Was in the battles of Kingston, Whitehall and Goldsboro, N. C, and in other engage- ments of less importance. Residence, Hudson, Mass. David B. Whitcomb, son of Eliphalet and Har- riet, born in New Ipswich, N. H. Enlisted Septem- ber, 1862, Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged July 2d, 1863, by expiration of term of service. Re-enlisted for 100 days. Frank W. Paige, son of Jacob and Mehitabel, born in South Boston March 19th, 1844. Enlisted at Berlin August 20, 1862, in Co. I, 5 th Regt. Discharged April i6th, 1863, by surgeon's certificate of disability, at Newbern, N. C. Again enlisted in Co. D, 6th Regt., V. R. C, August 14th, 1863, and was with his regiment at the battle of Bailey's Cross Roads, Va., and at Early's raid on TOWN OF BERLIN. I7I the city of Washington, D., C, in July, 1864. In September of that year his regiment was sent west to Ohio, with headquarters at Johnson's island, to assist in breaking up the orders known as " The Knights of the Golden Circle" and "The Order of the Sons of Liberty." About dark on the 2d of November, while Sergeant Paige and four men of his detachment were conveying two prisoners from St. Mary's to Lima, and when about two miles from Waupaukeneta, they were fired upon from the road- side by " bush-whackers." At the first volley the two prisoners and four guards were instantly killed, and all the horses were struck. The horse the ser- geant rode, on being struck, began to rear and plunge ; the sergeant cleared his feet from the stir- rups and jumped for the opposite side of the road. While in mid-air another volley was fired, one shot of which took effect, striking the hip joint, glancing inward and upward, and finally lodged in the abdominal cavity. In falling, he landed between two dead trees that lay nearly parallel to the road. There he lay while the whackers were hunting for him ; after a while two of them came and sat down on the log behind which he lay wounded. Some of the detachment who were left behind at St. Mary's, having heard the firing, started down the road on the gallop. When the sergeant first heard them coming, he quietly drew his revolver, and said, " Hands up ; if you move you are both dead men." The whackers, not knowing where the voice came from, were taken so by surprise that their hands were thrown up in token of surrender. In this position thev remained until the detachment came to where 172 HISTORY OF THE the dead men and the l:^orses lay in the road, and not seeing Paige among the number, called to him. He' had ju.st strength enough left to tell them where to find him when he fainted. The two prisoners taken by the sergeant, together with nine others who were captured the next morning, were tried by " drum-head court martial," found guilty of murder, and were executed about noon. For this little piece of work the sergeant was given a medal of honor by Congress. He was discharged for gun-shot wounds June 30th, 1866. Again enlisted in Co. B, 42 d N. Y. Infantry, Jan- uary 9th, 1867, and was transferred to Co. B, 6th N. Y. Cavalry, March 28, 1867. Detailed as clerk at General Meade's headquarters April 27th, 1867, and was discharged February i8th, 1879. Again enlisted February 19, 1879, ii'^ the general service, U. S. A. Assigned to Co. C, 7th N. Y. In- fantry, and detailed as clerk at General P. H. Sheri- dan's headquarters at Chicago, 111. Was finally discharged March i8th, 1881, at the city of Wash- ington, D. C, to enable him to accept a clerkship in the War Department, with a record of seven wounds and over twenty-two years' service. He finally re- signed his clerkship in the War Department April 30th, 1894, completely broken down in health, the result of wounds. Total length of service in military and civil capacity was thirty-three years. George W. Howe, son of Isaac and Rebecca, born in Leominster. Enlisted September, 1862, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged July 2, 1863, by ex- piration of term of service. Was in the service with the reofiment in North Carolina. TOWN OF BERLIN. I 73 Lewis T. Howe, son of Epliraim Howe, Jr., and Susan, born in Berlin. Enlisted as musician Septem- ber, 1862, in Co. I, 5tli Regt. Discharged July 2d, 1863, bv expiration of term of service. Re-enlisted December, 1864, in Captain Scott's Light Battery. Discharged June 27, 1865. MEMBERS OF THE MASS. 3D CAVALRY. George E. Maynakd, son of George W. and Sophia, born in Berlin. Enlisted January 5, 1864, in Co. B, 3d Cavalry. Discharged by expiration of term of service. Was in the Louisiana campaign, and in General Banks' expedition up Red river. Was killed in a cyclone at Empire Prairie, Mo., June, 1880. John Robbins, son of Jonathan of vStow, born July 8, 1828. Enlisted January 5, 1864, in Co. B, 3d Cavalry. Discharged May 30, 1865, by surgeon's certificate at Dale Hospital, Worcester. Was in the Louisiana campaign and in the expedition up Red. river. Lost his horse and soon after taken sick. Was transferred to Fort Hamilton and thence to AVorcester. After the war he settled in Stow. He died suddenly in Hudson February 12, 1894. Oliver P. Wheeler, son of Joseph and Betsey, born in Swanzey, N. H. Enlisted January 5, 1864, in Co. B, 3d Cavalry. Discharged November, 1865, bv surgeon's certificate. Injured in spine at the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, La., by a fall of his horse, April 8th, 1864. Was in Banks' campaign up Red river. He is still an invalid. Present resi- dence, Hudson. I 74 HISTORY OF THE John L. Day, son of Isaac of wSouthboro, born in the town of Hill, N. H., April lo, 1843. Enlisted, first February 7th, 1862, in Co. C, U. S. Infantry. Was in the Peninsular campaign and at the siege of Yorktown. Was discharged for disability December 5, 1862. Re-enlisted December 19, 1863, in Co. D, 3d Mass. Cavalry. Was in Banks' Red river cam- paign and in the Shenandoah valley under Sheridan. Was at the grand review in Washington. Was mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, Septem- ber 28, 1865. Was one of five brothers, all in the army at the same time, but not in the same regiment. John L. Day was in the following battles and en- gagements : Henderson Hill, La., Natchitoches, Welch's Hill, Pleasant Hill, Sabine Cross Roads, Cane River, Muddy Bayou, Red River Crossing, Governor Moore's Plantation, Bayou de Glase, Yel- low Bayou. Was transferred to the army of the Potomac and in the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. Since the war he has resided mostly in Berlin. ENLISTED IN VARIOUS REGIMENTS. William B. Campbell, born in Lovell, Qonn. Enlisted June, 1861, in Co. B, nth Regt. Dis- charged by expiration of term of service. His was the first enlistment and service on the same of any in town. Thomas F. Rathburn was the first to en- list, but not the first in service. Residence un- known. Levi H. Holder, son of Daniel and Harriet, born in Berlin. Enlisted September 25, 1861, in Co. K, TOWN or BERLIN. I 75 27th Regt. Missing May 9, 1864. Left the regi- ment in mental aberration. Wood J. Burgess, who resided in Groton at the time, enlisted in Co. B, 6th Regt., and was mustered m April 22, 1861 ; was wounded in Baltimore April 19, 1 86 1 , when his regiment was attacked by a mob while passing through that city. Present residence, Berlin, and member of Post 54. Discharged August 2, 1861. MEMBERS OF 36TH REGIMENT. Nathan M. Allen, son of Nathan and Harriet^ born in Pittsfield, Vt. Enlisted August 13th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Transferred to V. R. C. July,. 1864, to Portsmouth Grove, R. I., and discharged September, 1865, by expiration of term of service. Was detailed most of the time while with the regi- ment as cook. He died May 20th, 1886, aged 55 years. George F. Fletcher, son of Ariel K. and Hannah, bom in Boston. Enlisted August 6th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Discharged June, 1865, by special order No. 22. Was in the battles of Fredericksburg, Vicksburg, Jackson, Campbell Station, Blue Springs, siege of Knoxville, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Hanover, North Anna, Cold Harbor and siege of Petersburg. At the latter place was wounded in the hand. Residence, East Brookfield, Oscar W. Holt, son of Warren E. and Miranda,, born in Iowa City, Iowa. Enlisted August, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Discharged June, 1865, by special order No. 22. He was living in town at the time of 176 HISTORY OF THE enlistment. Was with the regiment in its several campaigns. Residence, Hudson, Mass. William H. Horton, son of David and Melinda, born in Dorchester. Enlisted August 6th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Discharged June, 1865, b}' special order No. 22. Died. Amory T. Maynard, son of Winsor and Cynthia, born in Bolton December 27th, 1842. Enlisted August 6th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Promoted to corporal October i8th, 1862 ; to sergeant December' I St, 1863. Discharged November iith, 1864, by reason of disability. Was in the battle of Freder- icksburg, Va., Vicksburg, Jackson, Blue Springs, Campbell vStation, siege of Knoxville, Wilderness, North Anna, where he was taken w4th sunstroke and sent to Campbell Hospital. Residence, Marlboro. WiLLL-VM H. King, adopted son of Nathaniel King, born in Lynn. Enlisted August 6th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Discharged June, 1865, by special order No. 22. Was detailed for special service in the Ambulance Corps. Was with the regiment in its various movements in A^irginia, Mississippi and Tennessee. After the war he settled in Worcester. He naturally had a real military instinct and address. Died in California. Joseph E. Kimball, enlisted August 6th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Was detailed as teamster. John F. Martin, son of Patrick and Mary, born in Utica, N. Y. Enlisted August 6th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Discharged by expiration of term of service. He is reported to have been a good soldier, and participated in nearly all the engagements of the reofiment. Died in New York city. TOWN OF BERLIN. ryy Israel F. Carter, son of Ivory and Olive, born in Berlin. Enlisted August, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Discharged June, 1865, by special order Xo. 22, series 1865. Was in the following engagements : Fredericksburg, Vicksburg, Jackson, Campbell vSta- tion. Blue Springs, siege of Knoxville, Wilderness. At the latter he was wounded in left breast, and at the sieofe of Petersburo- the drum of his ear was ruptured by the concussion of the cannonading. He died in the Insane Asylum at Worcester February 19th, 1893, aged 54 years. Harvey J. Chase, son of Lorenzo and Judith, born in Haverhill, N. H. Enlisted August 6th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Discharged June, 1865, by expiration of term of service. He is reported to have served faithfully during the service. Was living in Berlin at the time of enlistment. Residence unknown. John F. Crossman, an adopted son of John W. Grossman, born in Bolton. Enlisted August 6th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Discharged ]\Iarch, 1865, by special order Xo. ']'], on surgeon's certificate. Residence, Berlin. Spencer C. Chamberlin, son of vSpencer C. and Lucinda F., born in Thetford, Vt. Enlisted August 6th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Discharged May, 1865, by special order Xo. 22. Was detailed as clerk during the last part of the service. Promoted to corporal. Residence, Xew Bedford. Oliver Sawyer, son of Ira and Abigail, born in Berlin May 27th, 1 830* Enlisted as musician August 1 2th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt. Discharged June Sth, 1865, by special order Xo. 22. Was in the lyS HISTORY OF THE battles of Fredericksburg, Jackson, Campbell vStation, siege of Knoxville, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Han- over, Cold Harbor and siege of Petersburg. Residence, Hudson, Mass. Ansel L. Snow, son of Ansel L. and Dorcas L., born in Nantucket. Enlisted August 6th, 1862, in Co. I, 36tli Regt. Promoted corporal August, 1862. Discharged June, 1865, by special order No. 22. Was left sick when the regiment went west, and was detailed as clerk in hospital at AVashington. On return of the regiment rejoined the same. Was in the battles of the Wilderness, vSpottsylvania, Hanover, North Anna, Cold Harbor and siege of Petersburg. He died in Berlin June i8th, 1874, at 43 years. Warren I. Stetson, son of William of Marlboro, enlisted July 16, 1861, in Co. I, 13th Regt. Was promoted to first sergeant ; was wounded in the forehead by a piece of shell at the battle of vSpottsyl- vania. Died in Berlin Mar. 19, 1887. MASSACHUSETTS HEAVY ARTILLERY. The first battalion in which our soldiers served was stationed at Fort Independence and Fort Warren, Boston harbor. Austin Kerby, son of John and Ann, born in AVorcester. Enlisted April, 1862, in the ist Bat- talion, Co. D, Heavy Artillery. Discharged Septem- ber, i865,by expiration of term of service. Residence unknown. Joseph C. Badger, enlisted December, 1863, in I St Battalion, Co. D, Mass. Heavy Artillery. Discharged September, 1865, by expiration of term of service. Residence unknown. TOWN OF BERLIN. I 79 Joseph W. Merrill, son of John D. and Mary H. Enlisted December, 1863, in ist Battalion, Co. D, Mass. Heavy Artillery. Discharged September, 1865, by expiration of term of service. Residence, Maynard, Mass. Ja.mes F. Rathburn, son of Solomon and Hannah, born in Berlin. Enlisted December, 1863, in ist Battalion, Co. D, Mass. Heavy Artillery. Discharged September, 1865, by expiration of term of serv- ice. Charles F. vStaples, son of Joseph and Sarah, born in Portland, Me. Enlisted December, 1863, in ist Battalion, Co. D, Mass. Heavy Artillery. Dis- charged September, 1865, by expiration of term of service. Residence, Leominster. PHn.o Bruce, son of Sewell and Eunice, born in Berlin. Enlisted September, 1864, for one year in Co. C, Mass. Heavy Artillery. Discharged Ma}-, 1865, by expiration of term of service. Was in service at Newbern, N. C. Detailed for transporting wood and lumber. Was sick in Foster General Hospital December, 1864. Residence, Berlin. ENLISIKD FOR ONK HUNUKED DAYS — SERVICE IN AND AROUND liALlLMORE. Wu.liam T. Babcock, 21), son of Albert and Mary B.. born in Berlin. Enlisted July 19th,- 1864, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged November i6th, 1864, by expiration of term of service. Stationed with the company in and about Baltimore. Headquarters at Federal hill. Charles A. Bartlett, son of Amory A. and Jane, born in Berlin. Enlisted July i6th, 1864. in I So " HISTORY OF THE Co. I, 5tli Regt. Discharged November, 1864, by expiration of term of service. JosiAH W. Bride, son of Amos and Hannah, born in Berhn. EnHsted July i6th, 1864, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged November, 1864, by expiration of term of service. WiLLARD G. Bruce, son of Sylvanns and Hannah, born in Berlin. Enlisted July 8th, 1864, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged November, 1864, by expira- tion of term of service. Was stationed at Federal hill, Baltimore. Edward H. Hartshorn, son of Dr. Edward and Elizabeth, born in Berlin. Enlisted July i6th, 1864, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged November, 1864, by expiration of term of service. Died in Berlin January 8th, 1887. Augustus L. Hastings, son of Reuben, Jr., and Caroline, born in Lancaster. Enlisted July, 1864, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged November, 1864, by expiration of term of service. George L. Howe, son of Lyman and Rebecca, born in Marlboro. Enlisted July, 1864, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged November, 1864, by expiration of term of service. William H. Tenney, enlisted July, 1864, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged November, 1864, by expira- tion of term of service. David B. Whitcomb, son of Eliphalet and Harriet, born in New Ipswich, N. H. Enlisted July, 1864, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged November, 1864. by expiration of term of service. Henry E. Brown, son of Ira and Amelia H., born November 21st, 1846, in Berlin. Enlisted July 8th, TOWN OF BERLIN. l8l 1864, in Co. I, 5 th Regt. Discharged by expiration of term of service November i6th, 1864. Re-enlisted December /tli, 1864, in Captain Henry D. vScott's company, i6th Light Battery. Discharged June 27th, 1865. Frank E. Brown, son of Ira and Amelia H., born May 6th, 1848, in Berlin. Enlisted July 8th, 1864, in Co. I, 5th Regt. Discharged November, 1864, by expiration of term of service. IN THE NAVAL SERVICE. Benjamin vS. Walker, a native of Loudon, N. H., but now a citizen of this town. (See Genealogy.) Was in the naval service. Enlisted September 27th, 1 86 1, for three years. vServed first on the Brandy- wine. Was transferred to the frigate Congress and was on board of that ill-fated vessel when she was run into and sunk by the rebel cruiser Merrimac ; he had a thrilling experience and a most wonderful escape from injury during this engagement. He served next on the Roanoke, and from her was sent to the Naval Hospital, N. Y., with typhoid fever. After recovery he went aboard the iron-clad monitor Montauk, and joined the fleet of monitors at Fortress Monroe, bound for Port Royal, vS. C. Among these was the Little Monitor, so-called, which pelted and disabled the Merrimac, but was finally lost in a gale oft" Cape Hatteras, which was so furious as to have sent seemingly the whole fleet to the bottom. Was engaged in the siege of Charleston until the 25 th day of April, 1863, when he was discharged. Again he entered the naval service in July, 1863, and was 1 82 HISTORY OF THE for the remainder of the war engaged in the coast survey. He was not on the quota of Berlin. John A. Riley, since changed to John A. Ray, was a blacksmith in South Berlin in 1861. He enlisted on our quota in 1861 in the naval service. Discharged 1865 b}^ expiration of term of service. OTHER RECRUITS PAID LARGE BOUNTIES. Vf/cran Reserve Corps. David C. Ritenour, enlisted May ist, 1864, in V. R. C. Charles Keisner, enlisted May 3d, 1864, in V. R. C. George Odell, enlisted May 12th, 1864. in V. R. C. George Kasilex, enlisted May 5 th, 1864, in V. R. C. Ephraim W. Howard, enlisted May 5th, 1864, in V. R. C. Lewis Cassidy, enlisted May 5th, 1864, in V. R. C. David R. Brown, enlisted September 15 th, 1864, in V. R. C. Afass. Cavalry. William Wilson, enlisted November 7th, 1864, in 5th Regt., Cavalry. Henry Gray, enlisted November 9th, 1864, in ist Regt., Cavalry. Heavy Artillery. George Off, enlisted November 2d, 1864, in ist Regt, Mass, Heavy Artillery. Thomas Sullivan, enlisted November ist, 1864, in 3d Regt., Mass. Heavy Artillery. J. W. Morrill, enlisted October 26th, 1864, in 3d Regt., Mass. Heavy Artillery. TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 83 John A. Thompson, enlisted September lotli, 1864, in 2d U. S. Heavy Artillery. George Fisher, enlisted September i2tli, 1864, in 2d U. S. Heavy Artillery. Charles Jones, enlisted September 20th, 1 864, in ist U. S. Heavy Artillery. Perry Smith, enlisted September 2d, 1864, in ist U. S. Heavy Artillery. Charles Hearsh, enlisted May 4tli, 1864. Roger Loughlin, enlisted May 3d, 1864. Simon Lent, enlisted September 8th, 1864, in ist Regt., U. vS. Infantry. Charles M. Lovejov, enlisted October 27tli, 1864, in ist Regt., Mass. Vols. Marvin J. Day, enlisted October 26tli, 1864, in 4th Mass. Battery. George Monroe, enlisted November 2d, 1864, in 2d Mass. Infantry. « Roger Murphy, enlisted May 30th, 1864. Jared S. Stone, enlisted May 20th, 1864. Charles F. Johnson. John M. Smith. Reuben A. Derby, enlisted September, 1864. 1864. Enrolled militia. May, 1864. Those having dis- abilities are marked *. Allen, Sumner D., Andrews, Samuel E.,* Babcock, William I.,* Babcock, Levi,* Babcock, George A., Babcock, William T.,* Babcock, William T., 2d,^ Age. Ase. 21 Babcock, Francis, 31 25 Babcock, John D., 19 35 Ball, Jonas T.,* 31 24 Bassett, William,* 44 19 Bartlett, Amory A., 42 31 Bartlett, Charles A., 18 23 Barnes, George H., 32 184 HISTORY OF THE Bennett, John F.,* Benway, John,* Berry, Thomas C.,* Bigelow, Elijah, Bigelow, Edwin, dis., Bruce, George H., Bruce, Willard G., Bruce, Lorenzo,* Bride, Daniel M.,* Bride, Josiah W., Bullard, James M., Burke, Michael, alien, Bliss, Charles H.,* Bullard, Chas., alien. Carter, Lewis L.,* Carter, Silas R.,* Carter, Jonas H.,* Cartwright, Thomas, alien, 24 Cart'wright, N. H., Coburn, Joseph L.,* Grossman, Frank H., Crosby, George L.,* Eastman, Timothy M., Ellis, George A., Fay, Nahum W.,* Fay, James R.,* Fay, Henry D., Frye, William H.,* Frye, George F.,* Frye, David A ,* Frye, Abram,* Felton, Merrick, Fletcher, Charles E., Faulkner, George A.,* Forbes, John W.,* Ag-e. Age. 35 Fosgate, George VV.,* 40 32 Fosgate, Reuben P.,* 37 29 Flagg, Edward W., 41 43 Gallagher, John, alien. 35 20 Garroty, James, alien. 33 26 Goddard, Marcus M., 24 24 Green, Edward F.,* 42 43 Gott, Lemuel, Jr.,* 24 24 Gurtain, Theodore, 21 iS Gill, Michael, alien. 30 27 Hale, Thomas,* 39 32 Hartwell, Chauncey P.,* 42 24 Hartwell, Daniel P.,* 29 28 Hartshorn, Levi, 36 42 Hartshorn, Edward H.,* 21 35 Hartshorn, William H., 18 23 Hastings, Rufus S.,* 38 24 Hastings, Samuel H., s. s. , 34 20 Hastings, James M., 25 24 Hastings, Timothy F.,* 27 19 Hastings, Ruthven, 21 31 Harper, Augustus,* 26 25 Harper, James, 27 20 Howe, Samuel, 36 43 Howe, George L., 20 40 Holder, Henry R.^ 28 18 Holbrook, Isaac, s. s., 26 36 Howard, George W.,* 44 32 Hastings, Augustus L., 21 24 Jones, Solomon,* 40 22 Jones, Silas E., 26 40 Johnson, George E.,* 30 24 Johnson, Andrew J.,* 28 29 Jenkins, William,* 40 37 Kelley, John M.,* 29 TOWN OF HERIIN. 185 Keyes, Addison,* Kimball, Joseph E.,* Lawrence, Edward H.,* Larkin, John F.,* Larkin, Dana M., s. s., Lewis, Jno. B., Longley, Abel W.,* Maynard, George H., Merrill, Seth W., Merrill, Jno. A., Merrill, Sewall H.,* Merrill, George W., Moore, Marshall, Moore, Samuel W.,* Moore, Josiah, Morse, Winslow B., Morse, Emory,* Morse, Walter, Morse, Lyman, s. s.. Miller, William,* McCarty, Florence, alien, Nourse, Rufus S ,* Osgood, Jno. O., Peters, Warren S., Pollard, Amory,* Proctor, Joel,* Rathbun, Charles B ,* Randall, Paul A ,* Rand, Merrick R., Rich, Elliot,* R issell, Frank B., dis. sol. Riley, John A., Sawyer, Edwin,* Sawyer, Joseph B.,* Sawyer, Rufus C., '\se. Age. 37 Sawyer, William G., s. s., 30 37 Sawyer, William H., 18 32 Sawyer, Amory B., 42 37 Sawyer, Henry J., 22 35 Sawyer, Edward N.,* 20 29 Sawyer, J. Henry, 18 40 Sawyer, Ira J., 44 25 Sargent, John E., 21 44 Sargent, Stephen W., drafted 36 and rejected. 20 25 Southwick, Jona. D., 33 18 Shattuck, EUjah C., 43 44 Shattuck, Hartwell,* 29 29 Spofford, James R., 43 30 Smith, Riley, 42 40 Smith, Addison G.,* 35 38 Simonds, James I\L, 40 3' Sibley, Augustus, drafted 25 and rejected, 28 30 Stone, George D., 30 43 Tenney, William, dis. 2 (1 41 N. H., 26 30 Wheeler, David B., 40 18 Wheeler, Nathaniel, 3^ 42 Wheeler, Robert B.,* 29 44 Wheeler, Richard M., s. s. , 29 27 Wheeler, Rufus R., enrolh ?d 33 and rejected. 39 35 Wheeler, Reuben A., 41 22 Wheeler, Willard M.,* 39 23 Wheeler Francis A.,* 28 39 Wheeler, Frederick W. ) 43 too small. 26 31 Wheeler, Elias L., drafted and rejected, 1 29 HISTORY OF THE Age. Ase 31 Whitcomb, David B., 26 26 Woodbury, George, (lis. 44 13th Regt., 27 Wolcott, David K., 26 Vinal, Charles F., 29 186 AVheeler, Erastus S., Wheeler, Lewis B., Wheeler, George F., Wheeler, Edward L., Wheeler, Alfred C., Whitcomb, Amasa A., 32 Number enrolled, 158 ; number claimed to be in- validvS, 66 ; aliens, 7 ; 6 drafted and sent substitutes, marked s. s., or paid commutation, $300. GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, POST 54. Post 54, G. A. R., was organized June 23, 1868, bv Comrade Ira B. Goodrich, of Post 9 of Hudson, with ten charter members, viz. : S. E. Andrews, Donald Ross, I. F. Carter, E. H. Hartshorn, G. H. Andrews, William vSmith, J. M. Bullard, D. B. Whitcomb, Frederick Miller and W. T. Babcock, 2d, taking its number from the fact of its being the fifty- fourth Post to organize in the Department of Mas- sachusetts. Its first commander was William H. Horton. On September 25 th, after much discussion, the Post adopted the name of John B. Gough, which they retained until February ist, 1881, when a committee was chosen to act in regard to changing its name. This committee reported the name of Captain C. vS. Hastings, which was adopted. The entire number of names on the roll is sixty-nine, the greatest num- ber of members in the Post at any one time be- ing forty-eight. The present number is nineteen. They have lost eight of their number by death, and many more by removal and transfer. The objects TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 87 for which this Post was organized, as set forth in the rules and regulations of the Grand Army .of the Republic, are: I. To preserve and strengthen those kind and fraternal feelings which bind together the soldiers, sailors and marines who united to suppress the late Rebellion, and to perpetuate the memory and history of the dead. ■ 2. To assist such former comrades in arms as need help and protection, and to extend needful aid to the widows and orphans of those who have fallen. 3. To maintain true allegiance to the United States of America, based upon a paramount respect for, and fidelity to, its Constitution and laws, to discountenace whatever tends to weaken loyalty, incites to insurrection, treason or rebellion, or in any manner impairs the efficiency and permanency of our free institutions, and to encourage the spread of universal liberty, equal rights and justice to all men. It is also worthy of note that no member can in any manner use this organization as a political in- strument, and no political discussions are permitted at any of its meetings. In chapter V, article XII of the regulations is found this provision. A relief fund for the assistance of needy soldiers, sailors and marines, and widows and orphans of deceased soldiers, sailors and marines, shall be established by the several posts, and any donations to this fund shall be held sacred for such purpose. In accordance with this a fund was duly estab- lished in our Post. Since its establishment the Post has expended $530 for the relief of soldiers and their families. At present they have in their fund $330. In addition to this they have expended about 1 88 HISTORY OK THE . $300 for the purchase of the pictures of those soldiers of Berhn who died during and since the war. In connection with the rehef fund, they have been greatlv aided both by the Ladies' Aid Society and Sons of Veterans. In 1870 Memorial day was established by the National Encampment, for the purpose of commem- orating the deeds and memory of the fallen com- rades. Since then, on each 30th of May, they have tenderly decked their graves with flowers. Their number has slowly but steadily increased, until on last IMemorial day they decked the graves of twenty- seven of our soldier dead. Roster of members of Post 54, G. A. R., Berlin, Mass., from the time of its organization, June 23, 1868 :— Frederick Miller, Berlin. Samuel E. Andrews, Berlin. George H. Andrews, Berlin. Donald Ross, removed to Hudson. E. A. Hartshorn, died Jan. 18, 18S7. \V. T. Babcock, Berlin. James M. Bollard, transferred to Post 10, Worcester ; died at Worcester. D. B. Whitcomb, removed to Clinton. I. F. Carter, died at the hospital at Worcester. William Smith, removed to Brockton. Joseph Staples, Berlin. William H. Horton, transferred to Fitchburg ; died at Fitchburg. O. W. Holt, transferred to Post 9, Hudson. J. F. Keyes, removed to Clinton. James F. Rathbun, dead. A. L. Snow, died June 18, 1874. J. Q. Maynard, Berlin. G. A. R., POST 54. ' f ' IKNJAMIN S. WAI.KEK. JOHN L. DAY. S. K. ANDREWS. K. C. SAWVKK. JOHN JONIiS. JOHN Q_. MAVNAKD. JOHN H. CHOSSMAN. WILLIAM T. HABCOCK, 2ND. JOHN ROSE. TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 89 S. C. Chamberlain, transferred to New Bed for I. S. E. Fuller, transferred to Post 9, Huds m. S. M. Haynes, discharged, removed to Hu.lson A. T. Maynard, transferred to Post 43, Marr'orij. Joseph E. Kimball, residence unknown. Waldo Kimmins, residence unknown. G. F. Fletcher, removed to Barre. Charles C. Wright, died at Marlboro. Eli Sawyer, removed to Westboro. Edward Chamberlain, died May, i^iyo, at Oakham. John F. Rose, Hudson. N. M. Allen, died at Berlin. R. C. Sawyer, Hudson. S. H. Merrill, Berlin. Francis Babcock, Berlin. George L. Howe, removed to Marlbo''o. John F. Klenart, transferred to Post 43. John F. Grossman, Berlin. H. A. Gunnison, removed to Hudson. S, Foster Goss, removed to Marlboro. H. E. Graves, residence Bi^lton. B. F. Allen, residence unknown. John A. Merrill, Berlin. H. H. Bartlett, residence unknown. G. VV. Goodwin, dropped from the rolls, residence unknown. C. H. Bliss, Berhn. S. H. Parker, transferred to Post 9. C. F. Staples, removed to Leominster. A. M. Staples, removed to Northb )ro. L. P. Parker, transferred to Post 43. Charles McDavitt, removed to Lynn. John L. Bruce, removed to Concord. George E. Bigelow, residence unknown. John L. Day, Berlin. Charles F. Hale, Berlin. Augustus Harper, Berlin. igo HISTORY OF THE Otis K. Upham, Berlin. Warren I. Stetson, died at Berlin. A. C. Rivers, removed to Lowell. John Adams, dead. Francis Gleason, residence unknown. E. S. Bryant, dead. Z. B. Woodbury, Berlin. John A. Jones, Berlin. Charles H. Snow^ died at Shrewsbury. James Morra, died at Waltham. Philo Bruce, Berlin. Wood J. Burgess, Berlin. Benjamin S. Wa'ker, Berlin. Eben S. Daily, residence Berlin. Number of members . 66 Number of deaths 12 Present number .... 19 Amount in relief fund ■ $330 Amount expended for relief • 530 The following comrades have served as post com- manders since its organization : William H. Horton, from June 2, 1868, to Jan., 1869. S. C. Chamberlain, from Jan. 8th, 1869, to July, 1869. Frederick Miller, from July, 1869, to Jan., 1870. E. H. Hartshorn, from Jan., 1870, to Jan., 187 c. John F. Rose, from Jan., 187 1, to Jan., 1872. Araory T. Maynard, from Jan., 1872, to Jan., 1873. R. C. Sawyer, from Jan., 1873, to Jan., 1874. W. T. Babcock, from Jan., 1874, to Jan., 1S75. John F. Rose, from Jan., 1875, to Jan., 1876. Warren I. Stetson, from Jan., 1S76, to Jan., 1877. S C. Chamberlain, from Jan., 1877, to Jan., 1878. Ctiarles H. Bliss declined to serve and G. H. Andrews served in his place, from Jan., 1878, to Jan., 1879. G. A. R., POST 54. "•I ?" V ^^1P^ rillLO HKICE. FRANCIS HABCOCK. GEO. H. ANDKEWS. ZOHETH WOODBURY. FREDERICK MILLER. JOSEPH STAPLES. SEWELL H. MERRILL. JNO. A. MERRILL. WOOD ]. BURGESS. TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 Q I Lvsander P. Parker, from Jan., 1879, to Jan., 18S0. S. H. Merrill, from Jan., 1880, to Jan., 1881. John L. Bruce, from Jan., 1881, to Jan., 1885. John A. Merrill, from Jan., 1885, to Jan., 18S7. G. H. Andrews, from Jan., 1887, to Jan., 1889. John L. Day, from Jan., 1889, to Jan., 1892. William T. Babcock, from Jan., 1892, to Jan., 1S93. John A. Merrill, from Jan., 1893, to Jan., 1895. "The Grand Army of the Republic as to Post 54 of Berlin is sadly diminishing, but the sons of the veterans are already organized. May the Grand Army of the Republic Jong survive! Our last sur- vivor of the War of 181 2, many 3^ears seated on the platform on Memorial day, died in 1886: John D. ^Merrill, eighty-eight years. " The above was taken from ;Mr. Houghton's history of Berlin in the History of Worcester County. SONS OF VETERANS. The " E. H. Hartshorn Camp, No. 43, Division of ^lass. vSons of Veterans," was organized March 26, 1888, with twelve charter members, all residents of Berlin, mustered in April 23, 1888, viz.: Elmer E. Allen, son of Nathan M. Allen, age 26. . James E. Andrews, son of George H. Andrews, age 22. Arthur K. Andrews, son of Samuel E. Andrews, age 20. George E. Andrews, son of Samuel E. Andrews, age iS. Spencer C. Chamberlin, Jr., son of S. C. Chamberlin, age 25. Forest E. Day, son of John L. Day, age 22. l.cvvis E. Day, son of John L. Day, age 20. Frank E. Knight, son of George W. Knight, age 21. <. hailes L. Knight, son of George W. Knight, age 18. 192 HISTORY OF THE Walter E. Merrill, son of John A. Merrill, age 18. Robert M. Pratt, son of Wheelock Pratt, age 25. Fred R. H. Stetson, son of Warren I. Stetson, age 18. Members who have joined since the organization of the Camp, viz. : Mervin N. Burdett, son of George Burdett, age 37. Christopher S. White, son of Daniel A. White, age 25. Edward F. Saltmarsh, son of Alonzo F. Saltmarsh, age 18. Eugene Mitchell, son of E. A. Mitchell, age 18. Christopher W^heeler, son of Oliver P.Wheeler, age 37. William A. Hartshorn, son of Edward H. Hartshorn, age 18. Perry H. White, son of Daniel A. White, age 18. Fred E. Hebard, son of E. A. Hebard, age 18. Zoheth H. Woodbuiy, son of Zoheth B. Woodbury, age 21. Officers chosen at date of organization, viz. : Cap- tain, Robert M. Pratt ; First Lieutenant, James E. Andrews ; Second Lieutenant, Lewis E. Dry ; First Sergeant, Spencer C. Chamberlin, Jr. ; Second Ser- geant, Walter E. Merrill; Color vSergeant, George E. Andrews ; Sergeant of the Guard, F. E. Kniofht , Principal jNIusician, F. E. Day ; Corporal of the Guard, E. E. Allen ; Picket Guard, A. K. Andrews ; Camp Guard, C. S. Knight ; Camp Council, F. E. Knight, F. R. H. Stetson and F. E. Day ; Chaplain, F. R. H. Stetson. Officers, 1895 : Captain, Walter E. Merrill; First Lieutenant, George E. Andrews ; Second Lieutenant, C. S. Knight. coxsrnunoN of the order. CHAPTER I. Aiticle I. — Title. This association shall be known as the " S ms of Veterans of the United States of America." TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 93 Article II. Section i. A firm belief and trust in Almighty God and a realization that under His beneficent guidance the free institu- tions of our land, consecrated by the services and blood of our fathers, have been preserved, and the integrity and life of the nation maintained. Sec. 2. True allegiance to the government of the United States of America, based upon a respect for and devotion and fidelity to its Constitution and laws, manifested by the dis- countenancing of anything that may tend to weaken loyalty, incite to insurrection, treason or rebellion, or in any manner impair the efficiency and permanency of our national Union. Article III. — Objects. Section i . To keep green the memories of our fathers and their sacrifices for the maintenance of the Union. Sec. 2. To aid the members of the Grand Army of the Republic in the caring for their helpless and disabled veterans ; to extend aid and protection to their widows and orphans ; to perpetuate the memory and history of their heroic dead and proper observance of Memorial day. Sec. 3. To aid and assist worthy and needy members of our order. Sec. 4. To inculcate patriotism and love of country not only among our membership, but among all the people of our land, and to spread and sustain the doctrine of equal rights, universal liberty and justice to all. Articles 4 and 5 on organizations, etc., omitted. GIFT REJECTED, 1 865. Luther Carter, in his last will and testament, be- queathed to the town, for the benefit of the poor widows, fatherless, motherless and orphan children of Berlin, a certain portion of his estate. The gift was rejected vSeptember 25, 1865. 194 HISTORY OF THE THE HUDSON CONTROVERSY — NO DIVISION OF THE TOWN WANTED. The petitioners of the new town of Hudson pro- posed to include in the Act of Incorporation a por- tion of the east part of Berlin. To this the town demurred, and. chose at a meeting held December 5, 1865, a committee, consisting of Dr. Hartshorn, William Bassett and A. W. Longley, to oppose the project. As is well known, the committee were successful and the town remained intact. THE NEW TOWN HOUSE, 1 869. The town was greatly in need of better accommo- dations for the transaction of town business, for social parties and for public gatherings in general. The diminutive old Town House on the Common had subserved the town since 1831, when the wants and needs of the people were less and more easily satisfied. Impelled by a common impulse the people would be content no longer with the old, and resolved to have a new house more in accord with the progres- sive spirit of the age. The first movement to this end was made at the March meeting, 1868, when a committee was chosen to procure plans and estimates and report localities, and also for tablets for the soldiers to be placed in said house: Josiah E. Sawyer, P. B. Southwick, Israel Sawyer, Samuel H. Hastings and A. W. Longle}^ On report of the committee March i, 1869, they voted to build a Town House the present year, the cost not to exceed $6,500, and chose for a Building Committee Dr. E. Hartshorn, Silas Sawyer, Daniel Cartwright, George H. Barnes and Riley Smith. March 20th, R. S. HASTINGS' STORE. TOWN HALL. TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 95 voted that the Town House be located on the lot of Mr. Artemas Barnes, who had tendered the lot as a free gift to the town for that purpose. The following resolutions, presented by William Bassett, were accepted and adopted, and ordered to be placed upon the records of the town, and a copy be presented to Mr. Barnes: Resolved, That we, the legal voters of Berlin, in town meet- ing assembled, having under consideration the location for a new Town House, hereby gratefully accept the site generously presented to the town by our former townsman, Artemas Barnes, for the purpose of erecting thereon a Town House, and we tender to him our thanks for the timely gift Resolved, That these resolutions be entered on the records of the town, that the name of our generous donor, Artemas Barnes, may be held in continued remembrance as a benefactor of the town. Resolved, That the town clerk be and hereby is instructed to present to Mr. Barnes a copy of these resolutions. The Town House was dedicated March 2, 1870. The services on the opcasion embraced exercises pertaining to the Town hall and Memorial hall, both being in the same building. The proceedings on this occasion were printed in pamphlet, containing the presentation of the house to the town by the Building Committee, the acceptance of the same by the Selectmen, together with interesting remarks from others present. The dedicatory address was delivered by Rev. W. A. Houghton, a large portion of which was devoted to matters pertaining to our soldiers in the late war, and hence was called a memorial address, a copy of which may be found in the archives of the town, as also in manv families 196 HISTORY OF THE The cost of the building above the underpinning was $6,000 ; other expenses, as the fitting of the ground, foundations, etc., $446.64; making in all, $6,446.64; the cost of furniture, $952; making entire cost of building and furniture, $7,398.64. The following extract from poem by Josiah Bride, delivered by him on this occasion, is well worthy of insertion herein. POEM. In Doctor Brigham's day we had Not half as many people; One little store, just one, no more, A church without a steeple. No Town House neat in which to meet, Discuss each public measure, And there and then select the men To execute our pleasure. In the house of God, however odd, It seems, were held all meetings. Where, without noise, the girls and boys Exchanged their social greetings. And in the pews all talked of news Profane and sacred matter. Where, sitting down, the entire town Made a tremendous clatter. In the altar stood our Puffer good. Though mercury was at zero, And frozen nose, fingers and toes, Showed heroine and hero. But the desire to have a fire. Might then have raised a question. Whether the thought were not inbrought By Satan's vile suggestion. Having thus wandered through the dear old past With heartfelt gratitude, we now may cast Our vision forward, and with faith may see A far more dear, a brighter yet-to-be. Honor the present as the ancient men, For now true worth inheres in man as then; TOWN OF BERLIN. I97 Hence honor to our citizens, that they Have built the house we dedicate to-day. All honor to the brain that drew the plan, All honor to the workmen, every man, All honor to the man that gave the site. All honor for sweet harmony, all right. May heart to heart be bound with stronger ties. Higher and higher may this people rise, And, mid diversity of mind, God given. No more may social bands be rudely riven. Sadly we consecrate Memorial Hall In honor of the brave men doomed to fall, 'Mid crash of arms and harsh, wild battle cry. Or in the crowded hospital to die. Imperishable as time be every name, Let none despoil them of their dear bought fame. But let the hand to infamy be wed That mars the laurels of the martyred dead. ARTEMAS BARNES' PORTRAIT, 1 8/ 1. In the spring of 1871 Mr. Artemas Barnes pre- sented to the town his portrait, painted in oil, to be hung in the Town Hall. The town took action on the matter at a meeting held May 2, 1871, and passed the following vote: "That as citizens of Ber- lin, in town meeting assembled, we gratefully ac- knowledge the good will of our former fellow-citizen, Mr. Artemas Barnes, now of Worcester, in so gener- ously presenting to his native town the very perfect portrait of himself, which now adorns our new hall. In accepting the same, with the m.ost cordial desire for the donor's length of days and future usefulness in society, we would assure Mr. Barnes of our high appreciation of the gift, not only as a work of art, but as preserving to us and our children a true like- ness of one bearing a family name which has been so honorably associated with all the history of Ber- 198 HISTORY OF THE lin." A copy of the foregoing was sent to Mr. Barnes, and the following letter is a reply by Mr, Barnes to the same : Worcester, May 27, 187 1. Rev. William A. Houghton : Dear Sir: — I received your very friendly letter the day it was written and now answer it. The friendly spirit of your letter and the willingness of the citizens of the town to receive my portrait to be hung in your new Town Hall, awakened in me pleasant recollections. I prize the painting very much as a work of art and hope it will interest the young in what art can accomplish, and to the older inhabitants the recollection of one who has always been a warm friend of the town. Respectfully yours, etc., Artemas Barnes. resolutions in memoriam. The following resolutions in memory of Mr. Artemas Barnes were passed by the town March 5, 1877, presented by Rev. W. A. Houghton: That we, the legal voters of the town of Berlin, in town meeting assembled, in the death of our late fellow citizen, Artemas Barnes, mourn the loss of a friend and benefactor of the tovvn, who repeatedly manifested his interest in the town of his nativity, even after his removal from our midst, not only by his timely benefactions in years gone by, but by his more recent gifts of highly wrought statues in marble, erected in the old cemetery in memory of the first minister of the town and of the first citizen of Berlin, who died for the liberty and inde- pendence of our country in the Revolutionary war. Resolved, That while we gratefully accept these testimonials of his good will to the town, we promise to preserve them as sacred mementoes of his high regard for religion, education and patriotism, principles momentous in value, of which we would deeply impress on those that come after us by a fre- TOWN OF BERLIN. 1 99 quent recurrence to the representation and delineation of those sterling virtues as personified in the speaking marble, made such by the highest art of sculpture. DIVISION OF WORCESTER COUNTY, 1 874. November 3. The town at this time, as they had on all former occasions, voted unanimously against the proposition for the division of Worcester county, making Fitchburg the shire town of the new county. Berlin was to remain in the old county, it is true, but then taxes may have been increased, so thought the people. THE MAYNARD LAWSUIT, 1 87 5. The only lawsuit the town has had of any account since the celebrated Timothy Brooks Wheeler case, grew out of an accident to George Henry Maynard at West Berlin, where the Mass. Central R. R. Co. were putting in an abutment to the great bridge. By advice of counsel, the matter after one trial was compromised in 1875 with Maynard at a cost of $1,490. In 1 88 1 the town sued the railroad com- pany, which was the party in fault, and finally recover- ed in 1 8 8 7 of the corporation, after paying all expenses, the sum of nearly $1,900. William Bassett, agent for the town ; Hon. George F. Hoar, attorney. FIRE-PROOF SAFES. The first safe was bought in 1850; cost, $106.29; the second one in 1873; cost, $375 ; freight, $16.75 ! total, $39175- 200 HISTORY OF THE gates' pond leased, 1875. At the April meeting, 1875, the town granted the petition of E. H. Hartshorn and others for the lease of Gates' pond for a tenn of fifteen years for the "cnlti- vation of fish." The company organized for the purpose and stocked the pond with "black bass." The sequel of the enterprise has shown that the adventure was not a paying investment. CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION, 4TH OF JULY, I 876. June 27. The town appropriated $200 for the Centennial celebration of the Declaration of Inde- pendence. The day was appropriately observed by speeches, fireworks and illuminations. TRAMP HOUSE. The small brick building in the town pound was built in 1877 especially for the accommodation of tramps. The influx of these was so great during the great depression as to demand additional quarters ; Building Committee : D. H. Carter, Jonas Sawyer and Ruthven Hastings. DECORATION DAY, 1 878. At the annual meeting March 4 it was voted to pass over the article concerning decoration services. At the adjournment of this meeting March 12, the town passed the following resolution: ]Vhereas, it is befitting a people to remember with grati- tude the services of those who have been pubUc benefactors and made great sacrifices for the good of the country ; there- fore TOWN OF BERLIN. 20I Resolved, That we, as citizens of the town of Berlin, will observe the coming Memorial day in a way befitting the occa- sion. CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. The town at the adjournment of the annual meet- ing-, 1878, respectfully invited all town officers to re- duce their pay for services, in consequence of the hard times, as appears by the following action : Whereas, in consequence of the depression of business in the country generally and the consequent low price of labor and the industrial products thereof in our town, it is incum- bent on us to husband our resources that we may pay our debts and taxes ; therefore Resolved, That we, the inhabitants of the town of Berhn, in town meeting assembled, believing the policy of civil service reform should be applied indiscriminately to all arms of the service, from the general government down to the lowest pre- cinct, therefore we would respectfully invite all town officers, of whatever grade or kind, for the year ensuing to reduce the pay for their services at least one-fifth from last year's prices. YELLOW DAY, 1 88 I. The 7 th day of September, 1881, is remembered as presenting a strange phenomenon in nature. The atmosphere w^as changed to a yellow hue, and all objects assumed an unnatural color. This continued nearly all day. Some thought the world was coming- to an end. Saloon keepers in some places refused to minister to their customers, fearing the day of judg- ment was at hand. The phenomenon is supposed to have been caused by the smoke of western fires. 20 2 HISTORY OF THE THE POWDER HOUSE, 1 882. The old powder house on the hill back of the Town Hall, built 1 8 14 for the safe storage of ammunition, was given to the town with the land adjoining by deed from Rev. W. A. Hoiighton, for which gener- ous gift the town, May 4, 1882, voted that a vote of thanks be extended to him for his timely and liberal gift. THE TOWN CLOCK, 1 882. March 7. The clock on the steeple of the Orthodox Church was donated to the town by the will of Mrs. Lydia H. Peters for the use of the inhabitants of the town, and was accepted by the towm as a memorial of her late brothers, William A. and Solomon H. Howe. FIRE APPARATUS, 1 883. In consequence of the numerous fires which had occurred in the middle of the town about this time, the town resolved to procure some apparatus to as- sist in the extinguishment of fires, and instructed the Selectmen to purchase hooks, ladders, buckets, and carriage for transporting the same, in case of fire, but neglected to provide any supply of water, except two old mud holes, of no practical use whatever in a dry time, when fires are quite likely to occur. STREET LAMPS, 1 883. Voted to have three in the Centre. THE town's CENTENNIAL, 1 884. At the anntial town meeting of this year the town voted to celebrate its centennial, and chose Rev, W. TOWN OF BERLIN. 203. A. Houghton, William Bassett, Josiah E. Sawyer, A. A. Bartlett and P. B. Southwick a committee to have entire charg^e of the matter. At a meeting:, August 13, chose in addition to the above commit- tee: Albert Babcock, Horace Bigelow, William W. Wheeler, Chandler Carter, Silas Sawyer, Samuel Wheeler, John D. Merrill, Anthony S. Starkey, E. S. Sawtelle and Winsor Maynard. Voted that the committee do not exceed in expense the sum of $ioo. The day of the celebration, September lo, was a very warm day, and the meeting was held out of doors. Rev. W. A. Houghton delivered the address. Ex-Gov. George S. Boutwell, who was our delegate in 1853 to the Convention for the Revision of the Constitution, was present and spoke on topics pe:cti- nent to the occasion. Rev. A. P. Marvin and others from^ adjoining towns and former residents of the town participated in the festivities of the occasion. As the subject matter of the address may miostly be found in different parts of this work, a repetition of the same would be superfluous here. BERLIN GRANGE — PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY, 1 886. After several weeks of earnest labor, Dr. Ahaz Bassett, late of Hudson, secured the names of forty- two who agreed to become the chartei: members of Berlin Grange, No. 1 34, P. of H. The same was organized on May 11, 1886, by Arthur A. Brigham of Marlboro, with Samuel Wheeler, master; P. B. Southwick, overseer, and H. A. Wheeler, lecturer. The master's chair has been occupied by Samuel Wheeler, C. D. Eager, H. A. Wheeler, F. H. Cross- man and Walter Cartwright. H. A. Wheeler, Mrs. 2 04 HISTORY OF THE Addison Keyes, Mrs. L. B. Wheeler, Mrs. S. C. Chamberlain, Miss Lilla Newsome and Mrs. H. A. Wheeler have served as lecturers, while the secretary's post, "the most arduous of all," has been filled by Mrs. Addison Keyes, Miss A. O. Boyce, Mrs. S. C. Chamberlain, P. B. vSouthwick, Mrs. E. Coulson and Mrs. L. W. Brewer. The Grange holds semi-monthly meetings on the first and third Wednesdays, which are well attended. Whole number of members January i, 1895, 145. STONE WATERING TROUGH, 1 887. March 7. Voted thanks to Mr. Joel Proctor of Bol- ton for the gift of a stone watering trough at the west part. THE CHANDLER CARTER DONATION, 1 887. April 9. A special town meeting was called April 9 to take action in relation to the donation made by Chandler Carter to the town of $20,000, which was the amount due the state of ^Massachusetts on a loan made to pay for the town's stock in the Massachu- setts Central Railroad. The town gratefully accepted the gift by a unanimous vote, and expressed a wish that a portrait of Mr. Carter might be obtained and placed on the walls of the Town Hall by the side of that of Artemas Barnes. Mr. Carter arose in town meeting and said their desire should be gratified, as he had an oil painting of himself recently made, which he was ready to present to the town. The Selectmen were authorized to receive the portrait, and the following Tuesday was fixed upon for the public reception at the Town Hall, when the gift TOWN OF BERLIN. 205 would be presented and the picture be placed on the walls of the hall. A committee, consistingf of Wil- Ham Bassett, W. A. Houghton and P. B. Southwick, were chosen to draft resolutions expressive of the sentiment of the town as follows, passed unani- mously : Resolved, That we, the inhabitants of the town of Bedin, in town meeting assembled, with grateful hearts accept the liberal donation of $20,000 presented to the town by our generous townsman. Chandler Carter, and that his name shall ever be kept in perpetual remembrance as a benefactor of the town. Resolved, That the best token of regard we can ever hereaf- ter manifest for his memory is so to conduct the business of the town as to be clear of debt, the burden of which is now lightened by his generosity. Resolved, That we tender our sincere thanks to our most worthy fellow-citizen for the presentation he has this day made to the town, of his excellent portrait recently painted, and that the same be hung on the walls of this hall as a reminder to the town in the transaction of its business, ever to be prudent and careful that no burdensome debt ever hereafter be con- tracted, however plausible the pretext. Resolved, That we recommend that a public reception be tendered to Mr. Carter for his beneficence, and that the ar- rangement of the time and place and proceedings be left with the Selectmen. Resolved, That these resolutions be entered on the records of the town, and be published in the local papers, and a copy of them be sent to the donor. RECEPTION GIVEN TO CHANDLER CARTER, 1 887. April 12. The town having at the meeting of April 9 accepted the gift of Air. Carter, resolved that :206 HISTORY OF THE a public reception should be given to the town's benefactor on delivery of the donation, and the even- ing- of Tuesday, April 12, at the Town Hall, was fixed upon as the time and place for the occasion, and at the same time his portrait was to be hung on the walls of the hall. This was a memorable occa- sion, never to be forgotten by those who participated in the exercises. Our space does not permit of more than a brief epitome of the exercises, but a full report may be found in the Berlin Enterprise of April 16, 1887, from which we make some extracts. The meeting was called to order by Mr. J. D. Tyler, who acted as master of ceremonies. After making some opening remarks he called on Rev. W. A. Houghton to offer prayer. "Following this was a song by the Choral Union, led by Mr. vSawyer." "To E. F. John- son, Esq., of Marlboro, attorney for A'Ir. Carter, was as- signed the pleasant duty of presenting to the town the gift of $20,000, which he did in his usual graceful and dignified manner." "F. A. Woodw^ard, chairman of the Selectmen, accepted the gift with few and well chosen words, thanking the giver for his noble gen. erosity." "Rev. W. A. Houghton was then intro- duced to the company and occupied the close atten- tion of the audience while he made tJic speech of the evening." "To James T. Joslin, Esq., of Hudson, was delegated the duty of presenting to the town the life-size oil painting of Mr. Carter, which was hung over the platform and covered with white drapery, and which at the conclusion was unveiled to the audience, who received it with prolonged ap- plause." Following this presentation, Mr. Joslin addressed the citizens of Berlin with some very in- TOWN OF BERLIN. 207 teresting- remarks specially pertinent to the occasion. In behalf of the town William Bassett in response said: Be assured, Mr. Chairman, that this portrait will ever be preserved with reverence and respect for the original through all generations to the latest posterity so far as within us lies, and that we are most thankful for this valuable orift. After sins'inQ- by the Choral Union, the following poem, by Miss P. A. Holder, was read by Mr. Joslin : Berlin's response For the Generous Gift of her Son, Chandler Carter. Well hast thou chosen — wisely — To see thy good bestowed, — Thine own right hand to scatter Its blessings on life's road. The aureole of silver, Years to thy head have brought, Is tinged with golden lustre. This golden deed hath wrought. We'll write thy name in brightness As with a golden pen, Beside the good Ben Adham's, Who "loved his fellowmen." The soul that gives is blessed. The life made sweet and bright, — Bearing the loads of others. Makes our own burdens light. The Town accepts with gladness. This timely, generous gift. Freed from the long borne burden, Thy hand doth kindly lift. Onward we go, rejoicing. Where thou hast safely led. Praying that dews of blessing, May fall upon thy head. 208 HISTORY OF THE And may the richest portion — The giver's — be thine own, Return in largest measure, With joy thy life to crown. Berlin — thy childhood's cradle, Receives thy manhood's gifts, And for the princely offering. Her head, rejoicing, lifts. She'll keep within her annals, Upon her roll of fame. Another Son remembered. Another honored name. The Son in filial homage, The Mother comes to greet. To bring his manhood's tribute, And lay it at her feet. As Berlin takes the largess From hand of generous Son, She breathes her benediction, With pride she says, " IVell done,'''' And so we twine with gladness. This laurel in thy crown, Glad in the light and blessing With which thy sun goes down. "Frank H. Pope of the. Boston Globe was next in- troduced, and, after a few preliminary remarks, pro- ceeded to render a recitation in his own inimitable and thrilling style, the character of which visibly affected the audience." The remaining" portion of the time was taken up in brief remarks by citizens and invited guests. "The collation in the hall be- low, which followed the exercises, did great credit to those having this important part of the programme in charge, the tables being elegantly and beautifully laid." TOWN OF BERLIN. 2O9 Thus closed the exercises commemorative of an event the most important perhaps in the history of the town. ORGAN OR PIANO, 1 888. March 5. The Selectmen instructed to purchase an organ or piano to be used in the Town Hall. PRESENTATION OF REV. WILLIAM A. HOUGHTON'S PORTRAIT. November 28, 1890. At a meeting held at this date, a committee chosen at a former meeting for the purpose of procuring a portrait of the Rev. William A. Houghton, reported that they had attended to the duty assigned them and were ready to deliver the picture. The report was signed by William Bassett, E. C. Shattuck and P. B. Southwick. Voted "to ac- cept the report and that they be requested to present the picture. Mr. Bassett, the chairman of the com- mittee, in a few well-chosen words presented the portrait, and Lewis L. Carter of the Board of Select- men accepted the same in behalf of the town." "Listened to a response from Mr. Houghton, after which listened to music from the Berlin Brass Band." Miss Clara Shattuck read the following poem by Miss P. A. Holder : POEM, rev. william a. houghton. Read at the Meeting for Presentation of his Picture to the Town of Berlin, Nov. 28, 1890. 'Tis meet within the afterglow Of glad Thanksgiving time, To sing an added song of joy, And "build the lofty rhyme," 15 HISTORY OF THE For one whose true, sweet life has been A joy to crown our days, And waken in our loving hearts A canticle of praise. So now we sing Doxology, Our grateful thoughts in metre, For this glad eventide, to make Thanksgiving joy still sweeter. We joy in all the well-spent years, For duty nobly done. For earnest work, for sterling worth, Gold in thy manhood's crown. The record of the useful life O'er which we love to look, Is like one of the grand aniens From out the Holy Book. The Town upon her walls will keep The picture of her Son, Feeling an honor in the name. Thy pure, good life has won. Living epistles of all time Are Calebs ever young; Still helpful to their fellowmen. The life a "grand, sweet song." We thank Thee, Father, for the gift Of such a life to earth, A life of loving ministry. That shows Thy glory forth. A grateful Town here gives to thee The homage of the heart. Praying that when the day shall come Which calls thee to depart. On all the people still may rest. Descending from above. In double portion, peaceful, pure. The spirit of thy love. May the rich gifts of Love Divine, Drop in their fullness down. And useful days of peace and joy The added years still crown; TOWN OF BERLIN. 211 The onward way still sweeter grow With sunset gold made bright, The Master's presence guide thy steps, Into the world of light. After the poem came the following- rCvSoliitions, presented by William Bassett : Resolved, That the inhabitants of the town of Berlin, in town meeting assembled, tender to the Rev. William A. Houghton our most sincere thanks for the excellent life-like portrait he has this day presented to the town. Resolved, That we will guard with watchful care this por- trait, to preserve it from desecration, that it may ever hang on these walls a lasting reminder of one who, by both pre- cept and example, has been a promoter of the highest inter- ests of our citizens and an honor to the town. Resolved, That this portrait completes the trio — the three the town has especially delighted to honor, — all natives of the town, and all of them important contributors to its welfare and prosperity. On motion of Charles M. Sawyer the resolutions were unanimously adopted and entered upon the records of the town. HEALTH, LONGEVITY AND ETHICS OF THE TOWN. The sanitary condition of the town is worthy of special note. The town nas never been visited with epidemic or contagious diseases to any great extent, which fact is due, no doubt, to its excellent drainage and the purity of its waters. It has no pestilential swamps within its borders breeding malaria and typhus. The healthiness of the town is indicated by the fact that doctors have never found this an in- viting and remunerative field, and have finally aban- HISTORY OF THE doned the ground in despair, without hope of ever getting a living here. The longevity of the people will bear favorable comparison with those of other towns ; while we have had none whose age was more than a century, we have had many nonagenarians whose ages came near it. A native of the town was living at the time of this writing, at the age of ninety- four, born 1 800. The town has been remarkably free from fatalities caused by lightning. No one that we have ever heard of has been killed here by the electric fluid; no houses or barns have been burned from this cause. This locality on the whole seems to have been highly favored by the action of the elements and forces of nature. The climate, also, seems to be more genial and agreeable and healthful than in some other towns in the immediate vicinity, owing in part to the southeasterly slope of a large portion of the town, combined with other sanitary causes. The conclusion reached from the above facts is obvious, — that Berlin is a good town in which to live, enjoy life, and take comfort. If any should question the truth of the above, ask any native Ber- linean, and he will verify the facts. The morality of the town will bear favorable com- parison with other towns. From the first settlement to the present time the town has been saved from the record of but few of the more heinous crimes against society, but few have ever been incarcerated in jail, and these for minor offenses, and none have been sentenced to the state prison (except in one case, --not a Berlin man). One murder case, it is true, occurred within the limits of the town at the old Reuben Hastings house, but this is not properly TOWN OF BERLIN. 213 chargeable to Berlin, as the parties were foreigners from Clinton, occupying the house at the time. The underlying cause was rum, which, in fact, is the potent factor in the commission of nearly all crimes. (See article, "Livingston.") Few communities prob- ably are freer from profanity and low vulgarity than Berlin. It may be premised that the influence of Dr. Puffer and his successors has been salutary. The efforts of the leaders of other denominations have also contributed materially to purify the moral atmosphere of the town. While not intending to claim ethical superiority over other communities, we may justly affirm that we have had no "hardscrabble" or "den of thieves." ACCIDENTAL AND VIOLENT DEATHS. It is presumed that the following list comprises but a part of those who may from the early settlement to the present time have died by accident or from violence. The first of which we have any knowledge was one John Canouse, a German, a deserter from Burgoyne's army in 1777; M. Phebe Butler, He was one of the six that gave the name of Six Nations to a district in Boylston. He was thrown from a horse and killed near Bolton depot ; no date. Nancy (Bride) Bruce, widow of Benjamin Bruce, was burned to death in the chimney corner w^hile the family were at church. Thanksgiving day, 1824. A child of Obadiah McBride, who may have been living at the time on the William Fry place, was caught in a window of the old east school-house by the falling of the sash, and suffocated. She had returned to the school-house for her books. The 214 HISTORY OF THE door being- locked, she gained ingress by the window^ with the result above stated; 1828. A young man by the name of Converse, a son-in-law of Samuel Gage, who lived at the time on the Newsome place, was killed by a cart tongue falling upon him, 1 8 1 9. Joseph Pollard, son of Luther, was killed when about eight years old by falling on a corn cutter, 1822. Henry Powers, Jr., son of Henr}^ 2d, was stabbed and killed by one Brooks, at Grafton, 1834, Through the leniency of the father, who didn't believe in capital punishment, Brooks only received a short term of imprisonment. Eliza Ann (Walker) Rice, wife of Nathan Rice (who was living at the time of the accident on the Dea. Oliver Sawyer farm), was thrown from a carriage while descending the hill north of Willard G. Bruce's on a Sunday morning on the way to church. She was accompanied by Miss Sophia Sawyer, who escaped without serious injury, but Mrs. Rice sur- vived but a short time after the accident. The cause of this fatal disaster was that the harness broke. The horse ran down the hill and upset the carriage. This occurred October 4, 1863. Luther Babcock, while picking apples for David and Abram Fry, October 9, 1878, fell from the tree on which he was working and received internal injuries, from which he died soon after. Dea. John Bartlett was killed by being thrown from a wagon in descending the hill west of Geo, H. Barnes', July 6, 1864. Mrs. Mary A. Livingston, wife of James Livingston, TOWN OF BERLIN. 215 who had moved from Clinton into the Reuben Hastings house, was murdered by her husband, Feb. 5, 1883. Miss Sarah I. Hastings, daughter of R. S. Hastings, met with a fatal accident November 14, 1893. This sad and distressing event awakened the sympathies of the entire community ; universal sorrow brooded over the town ; all felt that it was an irreparable loss that one so active, useful and capable in many ways should so suddenly be snatched away. The circum- stances were these : She was on her way to Clinton with a livery team, by way of Barnes' hill ; stopped at George H. Barnes', took in his daughter Lucy and proceeded on their way. In descending the hill northerly, the horse became ungovernable and ran at a furious gait down the incline towards the long bridge of the Central railroad, on nearing which the horse turned to the right, upsetting the carnage and throwing them both out. Sarah struck her head against the abutment of the bridge; she never regained consciousness, and lived but a short time. Her companion escaped without serious injury. PAUPERS. At the first town meeting (1784) began a practice, then common in most towns, of putting up at vendue the keeping of the poor to the lowest bidder. All see the liability of the poor to suffer thereby, but public sentiment would resent abuse no doubt. The practice was discontinued here fifty or more years ago. William A. Howe, then but just in his ma- jority, was, I believe, the first to oppose the practice' in town meeting. The first person named on our 2l6 HISTORY OF THE record of the poor is Mary Piper. The next year, voted to allow the account of Joseph Howe, for bringing Polly Kitty from Bolton to his house, four shillings, and for cleansing said Polly, four shillings and ninepence. Polly's board is also allowed at four shillings per week. The town has never seen fit to found a pauper establishment. It had, it is true, a small house for the poor, which would accommodate only a very small family. (See article, " House for the Poor.") The town may have had in mind in the purchase of the Meriam farm the probability of con- verting it into a farm for the poor, but the paupers were too few to warrant the expense. In recent times the poor are well cared for by the Overseers of the Poor, and placed in good families. FIRES — BUILDINGS BURNED. Within twenty years past there have been more fires in town than in all its prior history. In the early times we learn of comparatively few. For- merly people were not so well insured as of late, and the losses seem to have been proportionately small. Less the insurance, less the fires. That some of the fires have had an incendiary origin there is no doubt, and this element is an important factor in raising the percentage of insurance, from which we all suffer. The first in our list of which we know anything about was the house of Leonard Hartwell, who lived at the time on the place now owned by Lorenzo Bruce (next east of George W. Howard's). It was a house built by Mr. Hartwell, and was burned in the night time. In 183- he erected the present one in its place. TOWN OF BERLIN. 21 7 After the Hartwell fire we learn of no other for about thirty years. The two-story tenement house of Capt. C. S. Hastings was burned September, i860, and was replaced by the present one on the same site. This fire took from hot ashes in a bai^rel in an adjoining- wood-shed. The next in point of time was the blacksmith shop of Albert Peterson in the south part. This occurred in the night, in the autumn of 1868. The shop was built by T. W. Barker. Well insured. The building known as the Grassie & Hartshorn shop in the Centre, on the Clinton road, was burned June 17, 1867. The shoe shop in the south part, built for the Union Store Co., and owned and operated by one Budreau of Marlboro, was burned about one o'clock on night of January 25, 1878. Probably well in- sured ; no known cause of fire. The large shoe factory in the middle of the town, known as the Parker shoe shop, was burned in the day-time of February 18, 1882. This was not in- cendiary. It took fire on the roof, and there was no means here to extinguish it. Help came from Clinton and Hudson, but too late to save the building. Henry A. vStone's shop for blacksmithing and wheelwrighting was burned May 6, 1882. The fire took, undoubtedly, from natural causes. Madam Rudersdoff's buildings seemed to have been marked for a play of the elements. First a new barn, by her then recently erected, was burned, 1879 ; and again a strange fatality attended her barns, a second one in process of completion being blown down in a furious gale, July 16, 1879, and two men 2l8 HISTORY OF THE were killed — Jonathan Nourse and Thomas Cheney, both of Hudson. The present one on the Reed Tyl^r place was the third she built. The old mansion built by Deacon Oliver Sawyer was finally doomed. It went up in smoke in the night of January 31, 1881, no one living in it at the time. The cause of the fires is a query, — no doubt about the blowing down. The devouring element seems to have made sad havoc in 1882 and 1883. No less than six fires oc- curred during this period. The old Joseph Priest house, more than one hundred years old probably, and owned by Rufus R. Wheeler, was burned in the night-time, no one living in it. This old house was consumed May 13, 1883. The hotel, which stood on the present site of the Unitarian parsonage, called the Belmont House, was burned in the day-time September 26, 1883; Fred Wheelock, proprietor. Mrs, R. S. Hastings' build- ings were barely saved from the flames. A query how it caught. The old blacksmith shop in Carterville, erected by Riley Smith, then owned by Samuel M. Haynes, was- burned September, 1883. Horace A. Gunnison's house, just north of the Oliver Smith place in Carterville, was burned March 18, 1883, the family being absent at the time. Arad Taylor's house and barn on the Jonathan F,. Wheeler place were reduced to ashes, April 9, 1885, The parsonage of the Rev. W. A, Houghton, and it also had been that of Dr. Puffer, was consumed by the devouring flames May 14, 1894. The house at the time was occupied by tenants, and the flre took from sparks from the chimney. This was regarded TOWN OF BERLIN. 219 as a special calamity, on account of the associations connected with the place and the prominence of the house as a village residence. The typical old red school-house on the Hudson road, which had been known by the oldest inhabit- ant from childhood (built 1792), was burned at mid- night, July, 1894. The old Joshua Johnson house, owned by A. B. Allen, was burned, 1886. BERLIN DOCTORS. Dr. Hezekiah Gibbs appears first on the list ; was here some years prior to 1784, and was probably from Framingham. Lived on the Fred A. Woodward place. No other record. Dr. Benjamin Nourse, son of Deacon David Nourse of Bolton, from 1784 to 1804. Dr. Nathaniel Martin, of whom I am unable to report; 1792. Dr. Daniel Brigham from Westboro studied with Dr. James Ball of Northboro. Settled on the Crosby place, near the Old Colony depot, 1 800 ; removed to Marlboro 1825. Dr. Samuel Griggs, born at Saxton's River, Vt., studied with Dr. Twitchell of Keene, N. H. Was here from 1824 to 1831. He removed to West Boylston, thence to Westboro 1843. Died in 1879 at 86 years. Dr. John L. S. Thompson succeeded Dr. Griggs from 1831-1840. He removed to Bolton and thence to Lancaster. Died 1885. Dr. Edward Hartshorn was the successor of Dr> Thompson. Practiced here from 1840 to 1854. 2 20 HISTORY OF THE Dr. Lemuel Gott, the last resident physician in town, continued in practice from 1854 to 1888, the time of his death. Some other doctors have had oiSces here at brief intervals. At present, Dr. F. L. Harvey has an office at the Dr. Hartshorn place. THE BERLIN TOTAL ABSTINENCE SOCIETY. The organization of this society dates back to 1855. No organization in town has exhibited greater vitality during all these years. The interest in the meetings, as shown by the well-filled houses, is worthy of special note. The young people of the town have generally constituted a large proportion of the audi- ence, attracted no doubt in part by a desire for social intercourse as well as to enjoy the music, singing and lectures. The clergymen of the town have generally been active in these meetings, and have gratuitously given their time and labor to the promotion of the cause of temperance. The meetings of the society have been latterly held at the ToAvn Hall on the evening of the third Sunday in each month. The three religious societies frequently hold union services. There can be no question but that these meetings have contributed largely to the formation of a public sentiment here in favor of temperance, sobriety and good order in town. GOLDEN CROSS. A branch of the Golden Cross was organized in Berlin March 19th, 1879, with eleven charter mem- TOWN OF BERLIN. bers, E. H. Hartshorn, noble commander. Whole number that have belonged since its organization, forty-six ; the largest number at any time, thirty-six ; present number, thirty. Five members have died. We have paid in benefit assessments $11,948, and the families of those that have died have received $10,800. The present noble commander is Andrew J. Johnson. FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY. In 1888 Mr. Houghton wrote: "Sadly, Berlin has no public library. Sectional influences have prevented united action. When we separated from Bolton, a generous library became a bone of contention. A division of it was finally effected. The Berlin share, with "additions, was kept alive during the pastorate of Dr. Puffer. " Happily this town is no longer open to reproach as being so exceptional a Massachusetts town as to be withoiit a public library. Thanks to a fortunate combination of circumstances,, Berlin now has a small but steadily growing and highly appreciated public library. One of the acts of the State Legislature of 1890 was the appointment of a Free Public Library Com- mission, authorized to assist towns of low assessment valuation to establish free public libraries. By the terms of the act the Commission was empowered to buy and present to such towns $100 worth of books on certain conditions, such as making satisfactory provision for the accommodation and care of the books, an annual appropriation for the support of the library, etc. HISTORY OF THE At the town meeting of March 2d, 1891, the terms of the legislative act were accepted, and a Board of Library Trustees elected, which consisted of Rev. G. F. Pratt, Hon. William Bassett and F. H. Grossman. To the State Free Public Library Commission our Trustees were indebted not only for advice as to further purchase of books and many other particulars, but also for a manifestation of personal interest. On the part of individual members of the Commission, this went as far as the collection of many books from their friends, which they presented to our library, so that it was able to start with more than the hundred dollars' worth of books donated by the state. For this exhibition of personal interest and zeal for the good cause in which they were enlisted, Berlin has occasion to record with gratitude the names of Hon. Henry S. Nourse and Miss Elizabeth P. wSohier of the State Free Public Library Commission. The first appropriation for the library made by the town was $50. This has since been increased to an annual appro- priation of $70. Berlin Grange was prompt to show its public spirit in this direction by a gift from its treasury of $26.50, to be expended for the purchase of a set of Chambers' Encyclopaedia for the library. It is but just to the Grange to recognize the fact that from its members came the first effectual impulse in town toward securing the library. Next after the state's donation, the largest and most welcome gift to the library was that of Mrs. Cordelia S. Hastings, of $100 in cash. This gift was very opportune, enabling the infant library at once to assume propor- TOWN OF BERLIN. 223 i tions commensurate with the demands made upon it at the outset. Other gifts of books and money have been received from time to time ; notable for its helpfulness at the time, $io from Miss H. E. Bigelow of Marlboro. In establishing the library the most perplexing problems met by the Trustees was to find house room for it. Not without much difficulty did the town clerk (also a member of the Board of Trustees) con- trive a suitable lodgment for the library in a corner of the Selectmen's room in the Town House. This solves the problem for a time, but only for as long as the books are few in number and we have no reading room. Soon some larger space must be provided, either by an addition to the Town House or the erection of a separate library building. It would be hard to devise a nobler benefaction to the town than a gift, through legacy or otherwise, for this object. The work of cataloguing a library in the scientific manner of to-day requires an expert. Fortunately this operation and the task of setting the machinery successfully in motion were rendered comparatively easy by the quiet assistance of one who had been a trained and experienced librarian in a larger town — Mrs. Pratt, wife of one of the Trustees. On July II, 1 89 1, the library was first opened to the public with 190 books on the shelves, and Miss Sarah I. Hastings in charge as librarian. To-day, May, 1895, the library has 858 volumes. For a time the library was open for an hour on Saturday afternoons and for two hours on Saturday evenings. 2 24 HISTORY OF THE For the past year it has been open on Saturday- evenings and every other Wednesday evening. It is proposed to open it also on Saturday afternoons again. After a year's trial had shown the advantages of a public library, it was suddenly enriched and doubled in size by the donation of the entire library of 380 volumes belonging to the Union Library Association of South Berlin. For some years enterprising citizens of the section of the town known locally as South Berlin, had maintained a circulating library for the benefit of residents of that neighborhood. Their collection of books was of excellent character, and made a valuable and timely addition to the Public Library. In October of 1893, the library, in common with the whole community, met a sad loss in the sudden, death of Miss S. I. Hastings, who was thrown from a carriage while driving. Miss Hastings was a young lady endowed with many talents and great energy of character. On November 18, 1893, Miss Mary M. Babcock entered upon the duties of librarian, for which she had received some special training as assistant to her predecessor. She has proved a very efficient and popular librarian, and under her administration the patron- age of the library has made most gratifying progress. THE SHAKESPEARE CLUB. December 27th, 1877, the teachers and School Committee with several others, by invitation of Miss TOWN OF BERLIN. 225 Fiske, then teacher of the high school, met and organized the Shakespeare Club, with Mr. E. C. Shattuck, president, and Miss Mary Bassett, secre- tary. The first meeting and several following were held in the old Town House, standing near the house of J. E. Sawyer, and occupied by the primary department of the Centre school. After the first year the meetings were held at the homes of the members. During the seventeen years of its exist- ence, the club has been highly prosperous in the keeping up of the interest, the harmony prevailing, and the amount of work accomplished. The club made choice of the best in the beginning: the immortal Shakespeare, at whose feet for two years the}' sat as willing learners and loath to part company, has ever been the most frequent guest at their intel- lectual feasts. Much time was given to the study of the life and writings of the trio — Longfellow, Holmes and Whittier, and to the Concord celebrities — Emerson and Hawthorne ; the life of James Russell Lowell in his Cambridge home, and the study of his writings, with their treasures of wit and wisdom ; Sir Walter Scott, Milton, Ruskin, Hannah Moore, Mrs. Browning, Harriet Beecher Stowe ; taking up many more of the standard English and American authors, besides the lesser poets and authors, none of whom have been exhausted, holding within them mines of wealth yet to be explored by the club. A large range of subjects, literary and scientific, has been taken up : the study of precious stones and geologi- cal formations from specimens collected by the club ; electricity ; architecture ; music ; travels ; history ; the evenings spent in trips to the White mountains, 2 26 HISTORY OF THE Yellowstone park, up tlie Hudson, in which the tourists, real and imaginary, with their delightful sketches and the aid of maps, stereoscopic views and specimens, making them real, were full of pleasure and profit ; the memorable event when the fledgling poets of the club assayed to use their wings at the request of the most honorable member. Many papers and essays were prepared upon the subjects taken up, some of which have appeared in print, and others equally worthy still remain in the archives of the club. No history of the Shakespeare Club would be com- plete without some record of its social features, which were interspersed as recreations from its more solid work, — With friendship's golden chain we're bound, Its brightest links, our social joys. Among these the cherry parties and other social gatherings with Mr. and Mrs. Addison Keyes, Mrs. Keyes being for many years the secretary of the club ; repeated visits to Hunnewell's gardens ; trips to the Wachusett mountain; a 'day spent in the Bloom- ingdale nursery, Worcester; — with their delightful reminiscences and the unique experiences connected with them, which have become legends in the club ; the memorable ride to Concord August 17th, 1881, "Coldest day on record," the oft-quoted remark of one of the members who came near freezing ; sleigh- rides long deferred, sleigh-rides shortened by mishaps, and sleigh-rides most enjoyable were the order of the winter. For the summer annual picnics with the pleasant associations of Elm farm, Larkin homestead, and the Bassett grounds, at which some of the mem- TOWN OF BERLIN. 227 bers immortalized their names in the club by their preparation of chowder for the picnic of 1884. Elves who brewed for us the witch's broth So fowl and so feline, will live When other names are long forgot. The crowning feature of the social gatherings of the season, was the annual suppers given as surprises to the gentlemen by the ladies, each season vieing with the last in making them more delightful and attractive. Culling From out the realm of cuisine art, Savory viands, sweets delectable, Salads, jellies, ices, creams delicious. Choicest fruits from tropic lands. With nuts to eat and nuts to crack. For each guest some souvenir Holding the past in mem'ry's shrine, The genii their work completed. Behold a fairy bower, In which to serve the fair repast. Where friendly cheer and sparkling thought Go round the board, where all partake. The wit and wisdom of the club combining in an entertainment literary and otherwise, fitting for the closing up of these annual festivities, our allotted space is filled and only a bare outline appears, — just a hint here and there of the good things of the Shakespeare Club. The present officers: P. B. vSouthwick, President; Addison Keyes, Vice-President; Miss Jennie Morse, Secretary; the president and vice-president having held the offices for a number of ^^ears. THE OLD BERLIN LYCEUM AT THE CENTRE. The first lyceum in town of which we have any account was held in the old Town House on the 2 28 HISTORY OF THE Common about 1837. It was a time when the Berlin Academy was a flourishing institution here, and the principal, Josiah Bride, took an active interest in the debates and other exercises of the Lyceum, which largely contributed to its success. The topics dis- cussed were such as began about that time to engage the public attention, especially temperance and anti- slavery being themes often dwelt on, and public sentiment here may have been largely moulded by the free debates and earnest discussions held in the old Town House. Among the numerous names of those who took an active part were Daniel Holder, Amory Carter, Daniel H. Carter, Rev. Eber S. Clarke, George Ball, A. A. Bartlett, L. L. Carter and P. B. Southwick. The organization continued only three or four years, and was succeeded later by the South Part Lyceum. THE SOUTH BERLIN LYCEUM. No organization in town ever more completely filled a gap in the social and literary institutions of the period than did the Lyceum as it existed before and some years subsequent to the war. The one held at the south part school-house was famous for the matchless debates and intellectual sparring, which drew large audiences from all the region around. The great latitude given to discussion gave opportu- nity to all to air their individual theories on law, theology, medicine and political economy. Indeed, the debates embraced the whole category of subjects which came within the range of the intellectual sharp- shooters of the time. The participants in these forensic exercises were by no means confined to TOWN OF BERLIN. 229 persons within our limits, but it may fairly be main- tained that home talent usually held its own with the giants from abroad, w^ho contributed in no small degree to the celebrity and success of the Lyceum, Among the familiar names of those here who took an active part were Rev. W. A. Houghton (when held at the Town Hall), E. C. Shattuck, Solomon Jones, Nathaniel Wheeler, Lyman Morse, Amasa A. Whitcomb, William Bassett. Of those from out of town, A. J. Bigelow, Welcome Cook and Myles Wood were frequent attendants from Robin hill, and never to be forgotten were the representatives of Feltonville — Abram Tyler, Charles Brigham and Wilbur F. Brigham, Esq., who contributed, whenever present, largely to the success of the Lyceum. George Forbes from the East Woods, Boylston, was interested in the Lyceum, and gave essays and lec- tures on various topics. The teachers in some of the schools frequently took an important part in the exercises. The part taken by the ladies of the town is worthy of special mention. Continued interest was largely kept up by their papers and essays, con- taining pungent hits and sharp criticisms. The exercises were interspersed with dialogues, declama- tions and conundrums. The latter finally became exceedingly attractive to the crowd on account of the sharp hitting puns contained therein, flying hither and thither, to the amusement of all. The Berlin Lyceum may well be counted among the former educational institutions of the town, and filled an important place at a time when public entertain- ments were less numerous than at present. Long be remembered the South Berlin Lyceum. 230 HISTORY OF THE Another lyceum was instituted at the north school- house after the old Lyceum at the Centre was given up. No record at hand. It is reported to have been profitable and isstructive lo the north enders ; was aided by talent from Fryville and elsewhere. THE FARMERS AND MECHANICS* CLUB. This club was organized October loth, 1868, with D. H. Carter as president and Erastus Wheeler as secretary. The meetings were held the first winter in the old Town Hall. In the fall of 18.69 the first exhibition of stock, fruit and vegetables was held. Central hall in the Congregational Church was used for fruit and vegetables. The first attempt at a cattle show was a success, and so they were continued annually, the last being held September, 1892. In the twenty-three exhibitions held a large amount of money was paid in premiums. The office of president was held by a number of our farmers. P. B. Southwick was secretary fifteen years. Notwithstanding our annual exhibitions have been given up, the club as an organization still continues, and the officers chosen January, 1895, were the fol- lowing : President, P. B. Southwick ; Vice-President, G. H. Barnes ; Secretary, J. D. Southwick; Treasurer, Robert B. Wheeler ; Executive Committee, J. D. Southwick, Edward L. Wheeler and L. W. Brewer. The starting of the Worcester East Agricultural Society has tended to draw some interest from the town clubs in the district and prevented the holding of town shows, ^ — still no injury has resulted to the farmers of this town. This club is worthy of special mention in these TOWN OF BERLIN. 231 pages ; it infused the elements of new life into the agricultural industries of the town, and was largely instrumental in introducing a higher and more scientific method of farming. Free discussions, lec- tures and readings on agricultural subjects, embracing mechanical appliances and improved machines to lessen the manual labor of the farmer, were the subjects which engaged the attention of the club at the regular monthly meetings. In the summer sea- son field meetings were held from time to time at various farms, the culture of which was supposed to give new ideas in raising special crops. The annual "fair or cattle show" was an institution long to be remembered. It was a gala day for the town. Old residents and people from the surrounding towns were present in large numbers. A marked and interesting feature of the show was the exhibition of fruits, flowers and artistic work exhibited in the Town Hall. Dinner was provided for all at a mod- erate charge; usually in Central hall, else in a tent on the Common. After-dinner speeches were always in order, and all the exercises were enlivened by the Berlin or some other brass band. A fair and unbiased estimate of the club would place it with the educa- tional institutions of the town. It was superseded practically by the Grange, an institution of greater vitality and of a larger scope of usefulness. The club is still alive with promise of future potency and power. A BRANCH OF THE HOPEDALE COMMUNITY. A notable interest was awakened here about 1849 in what was called "The Practical Christian Com- 232 HISTORY OF THE munion of Berlin, " by the efforts of the Rev. Adin Ballon of Hopedale and others of the same faith. Meetings were held in the old Town House, and occasionally at private houses of interested parties. As the adherents to the cause here were too few for effectual work, a number emigrated to Hopedale, where more enlarged opportunities seemed to be offered for material and spiritual growth and develop- ment. Most of those who joined the Hopedale community returned some years later, wiser, no doubt, from the experience gained. The principles and obligations embraced in the constitution, if practically exemplified in daily life, would indicate a state of society approximating earthly perfection. The records of the organization closed March 3, 1850. CONSTITUTION. A general association of Practical Christians is hereby con- stituted, to be called The Practical Christian Communion. It consists of all adhering subscribers to the subjoined "Declaration. " It is in unity and cooperation with The Practical Christian Ministry. Any seven or more members, resident in any locality where they can more conveniently associate with each other for religious purposes than with their fellow- members elsewhere, may organize themselves into a local Communion, with all the rights, powers and privileges necessary to their edification as a distinct branch of this general Communion. Such local branches of The Practical Christian Communion shall hold regular monthly meetings for the special discipline and improvement of all the members in practical Christian TOWN OF BERLIN. 233 excellence, and for the transaction of such business as may properly demand their consideration. Every such local Communion shall open a book of records, with this Constitution to be subscribed by all its members, and shall register therein such statistics, events and proceedings as may be deemed worthy of historic preservation. Every such local Communion shall be competent to establish for itself any rule or regulation necessary to its edification, good order and efficiency in promoting the common cause of practical Christianity ; provided that the same be not incom- patible with the general harmony under this Constitution. The internal discipline of this Communion shall always be in conformity with the precept of Christ, recorded in the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth verses of the eighteenth chapter of Matthew. Declaration. I believe in the religion of Jesus Christ as He taught and exemplified it, according to the Scriptures of the New Testa- ment. I acknowledge myself a bounden subject of all its moral obligations. Especially do I hold myself bound by its holy requirements never, under any pretext whatsoever, to kill, assault, beat, torture, enslave, rob, oppress, persecute, corrupt, slander, revile, injure, envy or hate any human being — even my worst enemy ; never, in any manner, to violate the dictates of pure chastity ; never to take or administer an oath ; never to manufacture, buy, sell, deal out or use any intoxicating liquor as a beverage ; never to serve in the army, navy or militia of any nation, state or chieftain ; never to bring an action at law, hold office, vote, join a legal posse, petition a legislature,^ or ask governmental interposition in any case involving a final authorized resort to physical viole?ice ; never to indulge self-will, bigotry, love of preeminence, covetousness, deceit, profanity,, idleness, or an unruly tongue ; never to participate in lotteries, games of chance, betting or pernicious amusements ; never to resent reproof, or justify myself in a known wrong ; never to aid,. 2 34 HISTORY OF THE abet, or approve others in anything sinful ; but, through divine assistance, always to recommend and promote, with my entire influence, the holiness and happiness of all mankind. And, trusting that the work of spiritual regeneration has effectually commenced in my heart, by the exercise of sincere repentance toward God and faith in His Son, Jesus Christ, I will earnestly endeavor to live a true life, according to the foregoing acknowledgment of duty ; to walk in unity with all my fellow disciples of this Communion wherever I may have intercourse with them ; to contribute liberally of my temporal goods towards the prevention of poverty, ignorance and vice, and for the dissemination of practical Christianity ; and to •cooperate cordially in establishing local Practical Christian Communities, so constituted as to harmonize the interests and •obligations of the members, without destroying their proper individual freedom, enterprise and responsibility. Names, Leonard Hartwell, Pliny B. Southwick, Abigail Hartwell, Addison G. Smith, Daniel H. Carter, Edwin Sawyer, Lucy H. Carter, Emily P. Sawyer, Mary J. Hartwell, John A. Merrill, Israel Sawyer, Josiah Moore, Louisa Sawyer, Ellen L. Moore. woman's christian temperance union. The Berlin W. C. T. U. was organized Oct. 27, 1879, by Mrs. Emma Molloy, with twenty-nine mem- bers. It early endeavored to secure the enforcement of the law against illegal liquor selling, obtaining over two hundred signatures to a petition to the Selectmen for that purpose ; and in years when the town officers have been faithful in this regard, the WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION. MRS. L. W. BREWER. MRS. FKED'k miller. MRS. A. PARMENTER. MISS MARY KEYES. MRS. HENRY A. WHEELER. MRS. SILAS SAWYER. MISS CLARA L. SHATTUCK. TOWN OF BERLIN. 235 W. C. T. U, members have stood by them with prayers and encouragement. Union temperance concerts by the different Sun- day schools were inaugurated by the Union, and have been successfully held for years. At one time, when the Total Abstinence Society became so disabled as to be threatened with dissolution, it was revived by the work of a W. C. T, U. committee in providing attractive programmes for the meetings. Three times children's societies have been started by the Union ; twenty-four lectures have been given under its auspices ; children's picnics have been arranged ; mass meetings and gospel temperance meetings have been held ; lunch has been furnished and literature circulated at cattle shows. Bouquets have been sent to hospitals and prisons, and to the sick in town, and temperance literature has likewise been distributed at home and abroad. Various temperance petitions have been circulated. Delegates have been sent to twenty conventions — county, state and national. The Union now has twenty members, and is doing good work in the following departments : Sunday school, evangelistic. Loyal Temperance Legion, scientific temperance instruction, press, flower mis- sion, railroad and good literature. We wage our peaceful war for God, and home, and native land. THE REPUBLICAN CAMPAIGN FLAG STOLEN. In the fall of 1868, after the nomination of Grant and Colfax, a flag was purchased, and on a Saturday afternoon there was a flag raising. It was suspended across the street from the oak tree on land of John 236 HISTORY OF THE F. Bennett to the Parker shoe shop opposite. A very enjoyable time was had and the citizens retired to their beds feeling- happy, thinking, no doubt, that a duty had been performed, but an early riser on Sunday morning was surprised to find that the rope had been cut at the shop, and was lying across the street and the flag stolen. The news spread through the town like wildfire, and the excitement that Sun- day far surpassed anything that had ever happened before or since. Search was continued all day, and the services at the church were slimly attended. A paper was circulated, and never was money more freely paid than for the purchase of another flag. One was procured much larger and much more expensive than the one stolen. Arrangements were made for another rally on the next Saturday after- noon. The papers reported the affair and the people came from far and near. The crowd that gathered exceeded the first rally as much as the new flag exceeded the old one. The new flag was suspended from a rope extending from the Parker shop to a flagstaff on the opposite side of the road. The emblem of liberty was flung to the breeze amid the shouts and hurrahs of the enthusiastic multitude. Watch was kept nights till after the election, but the flag was not molested. The stolen flag was found hidden in a stone wall some two years later, but was nearlv ruined. BERLIN STATISTICS. POPULATION AND VALUATION. 1790 512 I81O 591 1800 590 1820 625 TOWN OF BERLIN 237 1830 692 1870 1016 1840 763 1880 987 1850 866 1890 884 i86o 1 106 Val. 1784, $396,170 Val. 1884, 492,317 a 1870, 423,547 (< 1890, 519,711 a 1875, 483,909 li 1894, 486,801 a 1880, 495,996 From the above it will be seen that the town has made an increase in its population of 372 from 1790 to 1890, 100 years. Our greatest number was in i860, of 1 106, when the town was filled with small shops. The decrease since is attributable to the con- centration of the shoe business in large establishments using improved machinery. The valuation increased from 1784 to 1884 $96,147; it reached its maximum, in 1890 of $519,711. As taken from the Assessors' books of 1894, the number of male polls was 251; female, 7 (right to vote on school matters); dwelling houses, 231 ; horses, 271 ; cows, 555; sheep, 28; neat cattle, other than cows, 72; swine, 94; acres of land assessed, 7,642!. The most marked change in the stock on farms has been the substitution of horses for oxen in farm work ; but three or four yoke of oxen are now kept in town. Sheep husbandry and pork fattening have of late decreased in volume. PARISH, PRECINCT AND TOWN OFFICERS, I 7 78- I 895. Af(?{fe razors. Samuel Baker, 1778, '84, '88. Jacob Moore, 1781. Ephraim Fairbank, 1779, '83. Fortunatus Barnes, 1782. JamesGoddard, 1 78o,'86, '87. David Taylor,i 785,'89,'9i,'93. 238 HISTORY OF THE Barnabas Maynard, 1790, '92, '94-96, '98, '99, 1801, '02, '06, '08, '09. Stephen Bailey, 1797, 1800, '03. '11-13- James R. Park, 1804, '07. Jonathan Meriam, 1806. Solomon Howe, 18 10. Henry Powers, 18 14, '15. Oliver Sawyer, 1816-29. x^sa Sawyer, 1830-46, '48, '51- William Jones, 1847. Silas S. Greenleaf, 1849, '50. Amos Sawyer, 1852-58. Lewis L. Carter, 1859-61. William Bassett, 1862. Amory A. Bartlett, 1863-66, '79-81, '85 '90. Abel W. Longley, 1867-69, '72, '74, '75» '77- Elijah C. Shattuck, 1870, '71, '73, '76. Leslie Hastings, 1878. Edward H. Hartshorn, 1882- 84, '86. James D. Tyler, 1887, '88, '89. H. A. Wheeler, 1891, '92, '93, '94, '95- Town Clerks. Jonathan Meriam, 1778-85, '89-99, 1800-04. John Temple, 1786-88. Stephen Bailey, 1805-07. Dexter Fay, 1 80S- 15. Amos Sawyer, 18 16. Solomon Howe, 1817-26. Josiah Conant, 1827-31. Wm. A. Howe, 1832-37. Lewis Sawyer, 1838-45, '50-5 5. Oliver B. Sawyer, 1846. John F. Newton, 1847-49. Otis L. Larkin, 1856. Albert Babcock, 1857, '58, '74-82. Josiah E. Sawyer, 1859-73. Frank H. Grossman, 1883-88, '89, '90, '91, '92, '93, '94^ '95- Select)nen. James Goddard, 1778-80, Jonathan Meriam, 1779-83, '82-84, 181 7. -85, '87, '89-94, '98, '99, Abijah Pratt, 1778. 1817. Joshua Johnson, 1778, '79, William Sawyer, 1780, '85, '81, '88, '89. '87, '99, xSoo. TOWN OF BERLIN. 239 William Sawyer, Jr., 17S1, Solomon Howe, 1S07-11. '82. Oliver Sawyer, 1 807-11, '17- Josiah Sawyer (3d), 1783, 22, '28, '29, '33, '34. '90, '92, '94, '97. Silas Houghton (2d), 1808- Samuel Baker, Jr., 1788-94. 10, '20. John Temple, 1785, '86, '88. Amos Sawyer, 1S09-T1, '17- Barnabas Maynard, I 785, '86. 19. Henry Powers, I 785, '86, '88- Ephraim Babcock, 1813-16, 92, '94, '99, 1800, '01, '18, '19, '23-26, '28-33. '14-76. Adam Bartlett, 1813-16. Timothy Jones, 1787. Wm. Jones, 1S14-16, '20-22, Josiah Sawyer, Jr., 1788, '89, '24. '91, '99, 1800. Silas Sawyer, 1815, '16. Amos Johnson, 1790, 1807, William Barnes, 1817-19, '24, '08. '25. Levi Meriam, 1791-98, iSoi. Hollis Johnson, 1820-22, '28- Stephen Bailey, 1795-9^, 30, '33. '34- 1812-14. Timothy Bailey, 1820-22. Samuel Jones, i 795, '96, '98. Joseph Park, 1823-27, '33-35, Samuel Spofford, 1795, '9^- '4^? '43- Job Spofford, 1795, '97, '98. Luke Fosgate, 1823-26. Ephraim Howe, 1796. Benjamin F. Spofford, 1S23- Joel Fosgate, 1797. 27, '33-35, '42, '43. Nathan Johnson, i 799-1801. Peltiah Jones, 1825, '26. Jonathan Meriam, 1800, '17- Welcome Barnes, 1S26. 19, '21-23. John Bartlett, 1S27, '31, '32, James R. Park, 1801-06, '12, '37, '38. '13. Edward Johnson, 1827. Caleb Fairbank, 1802-04. Ira Sawyer, 1827. Ephraim Howe, 1802-06. Luther Carter, 1827, '28. James Goddard, Jr., 1802 07, Levi Wheeler, 1 828- 30. '12. Wm. Babcock, 1830-32. Alvah Sa>vyer, 1802-06, '12, Abram Sawyer, 183 1, '32. '13. Lewis Carter, 1831, '^2, '35,, David Barnes, 1805, '06, '12. '36, '41, '49, '50 Dexter Fay, 1S07-11. Timothy Jones, 1832. 240 HISTORY OF THE Thomas Erigham, 1833-35. Paul Brigham, 1836, '37, '48. Samuel Spofford, 1836-38/41. Ephraim Babcock, Jr., 1838, '39, '49; '50- Asa Bride, 1839. Jonas Hale, 1839. Wm. Jones, 1840, '41. Daniel Bartlett, 1840, '44-47. Oliver Fosgate, 1842, '58. John F. Larkin, 1842, '43. Peregrine Wheeler, 1843. Silas Sawyer, 1844-48, '51- 53, '59-6i- Jonas Robbins, 1844, '45. Samuel H. Wheeler, 1846, '47^ '49, '50- Seth Rice, 1848. Silas Houghton, 1851, '54. Lewis L. Carter, 1 85 1-53, '66- 72, '77-85. '90. Abram Bigelow, 1852. Hartwell Sawyer, 1853. Jonas Sawyer, 1854, '63-65. Elisha M. Whitney, 1854. Oliver Smith, 1855. Josiah E. Sawyer, 1855, '56. Ezra S. Moore, 1855, '56. George VV. Maynard, 1856, Asa Sawyer, 1857. Josiah Babcock, 1857. Christopher S. Hastings, 1857, Henry D. Coburn, 1858-61, '69, '70. George H. Barnes, 1858. Luther Peters, 1862. Abel W. Longley, 1862, '63. Riley Smith, 1863. Wm. Bassett, 1864-69, '73-76. Israel Sawyer, 1864-68. Lyman Morse, 1870-72, '88, '89, '90. Edwin Sawyer, 1871-73. Robert B. W' heeler, 1873-86, '90, '91, '92, '93, '94, '95. Frederick Miller, 1874-76. Winslow B. Morse, 1877. Arthur Hastings, 1884, '91. Fred. A. Woodard, 1885-87. John Q. Maynard, 1886, '87. James D. Tyler, i887,'88,'89. Samuel Wheeler, 1888, '89, '9h '92, '95- Ruthven Hastings, 1878-83. Levi Babcock, 1892. S. Rolla Carter, 1893, '94. D. P. Hartwell, 1S93, '94. James E. Andrews, 1895. '59-62. Assessors. Jonathan Meriam, 1778-85, Jonathan Jones, 1781-83 '89-1804. Timothy Jones, 1778-80. William Sawyer, Jr., 1778-83, '89-94. David Taylor, 1784, '85. Henry Powers, 1784, '90- 1803. Barnabas Maynard, i 788, '89. TOWN OF BERLIN. 241 Amos Allen, 17S5. Josiah Sawyer, Jr., 1785-S7. John Temple, 1786-88. James Goddard, 1786, '87. Stephen Bailey, 1795-1802, '04. David Barnes, 1803, '04. James Goddard, Jr., 1805. Amos Johnson, 1806, '07. Dexter Fay, 1806-08, 'zS. Solomon Howe, 1806-12, '14, '16, '21-24. Wm. Newton, 1808, '09, '13, '14. Alvan Sawyer, 1S09-11. Ephraim Babcock, 18 10, '11, '21-24. Amos Sawyer, 1S12, '13, '15- 20, '22-27. Silas Houghton, 18 12- 14. Jonathan D. Meriam, 18 15- i9j '31. '32, '40. Stephen Pollard, 1 8 1 5 . Ira Sawyer, 1816-18, '25, '26. Oliver Sawyer, 1819. Thomas Brighara, 1827-37. Theophilus Nourse, 1820. Daniel Holder, 1825-27. Samuel Spofford, 1828, '^^, '34, '36-38. Asa Sawyer, 1829-33, '39-42, '48, '49, '5 7- Peltiah Jones, 1829, '30. Benjamin F. Spofford, 1S33- 3S. Benjamin Cofran, 1835. Jonas Hale, 1S38, '39. Eli Sawyer, 1839. Daniel Bartlett, 1840, '41. Peregrine Wheeler, 1841 43. Oliver B. Sawyer, 1842-46. Oliver Fosgate, 1843, '5°? 'S^' Wm. Jones, 1844-47. Oliver Moore, 1844-46. Christophers. Hastings, 1847. Ira H. M. Brown, 1847. Levi Bigelow, 1848-50. Solomon Jones, 1848, '49, '57, Seth Rice, 1850, '52. Silas S. Greenleaf, 185 1. Albert Babcock, 1851/53, '56. Josiah E. Sawyer, 1852, '53. Samuel H. Wheeler, 1852, '54/55/60. Jonas Sawyer, 1S53. Lewis L. Carter, 1854, '60, '61, '65, '73, '76. Thomas Pollard, 1854. Tyler Paine, 1S55. Willard Southwick, 1855, '59. Riley Smith, 1856. Henry D. Coburn, 1856. Samuel H. Wheeler, 1S57, '58, '60-62, '67-69. Edward VV. Flagg, 1858. Winslow B. Morse, 1858, '62. Josiah Sawyer, 1859, '63-75. Riley Smith, 1S59. Willard Southwick, 1859. Wm. Bassett, 1S60, '61, '72, '78-82. Nahum \V. Fay, 1862. 242 HISTORY OF THE Albert p]abcock, 1S63-70. Oliver Fosgate, 1863. Amory A. Bartlett, 1864. Henry D. Coburn, 1866. Abel W. Longley, 1870. Silas Sawyer, 1870-73. Josiah Moore, 1871-72. Arthur Hastings, 1873-76, '86. Wm. Tho. Babcock (2d), 1874. Jonas H. Carter, 1875. Elijah C. Shattuck, 1876. Silas S. Greenleaf, 1877. Israel Sawyer, 187 7-8 1. Geo. W. Fosgate, 1878-81. Paul A. Randall, 1882. Ruthven Hastings, 1882-85. John A. Merrill, 1883-87. Henry A. Wheeler, 1883-88. Robert B. Wheeler, 1887. Charles M. Sawyer, 1888, '89, '90, '91, '92. Walter E. Brown, 1888. Willis Rice, 1889, '90, '91, '93» '94, '95- A. J. Johnson, 1889, '90, '91, '92, '93- Adin B. Allen, 1892, '93, '94, '95- John E. Moran, 1894, '95, Treasurers and Collectors. Samuel Jones, 1778-82. Ephraim Fairbank, 1783-87. William Sawyer, 178S, '93, '94. Stephen Bailey, 1789-92, '95. Barnabas Maynard, 1896-98. Amos Johnson, 1799-1804. Levi Meriam, 1805-11. Solomon Howe, 1812-22. Jonathan D. Meriam, 1823- 27. Samuel Spofford, 18 28- 30, '33, '45- Peltiah Jones, 1831, 'i-- Wm. A. Howe, 1834. Amos Sawyer, Jr., 1835-37. Oliver Fosgate, 1838, '39. George W. Babcock, 1840, '41. Oliver B. Sawyer, 1842-44. Ira Jones, 1846-48. Solomon Jones, 1849. Christophers. Hastings, 1850- 63- Elisha M. Whitney, 1S64, '65. Edward H. Hartshorn, 1866- Josiah Moore, 1872, '76-87. Ruthven Hastings, 1873-75, '88, '89, '90, '91. Arthur Hastings, 1892, '93, '94, '95- TOWN OF BERLIN. 24: Joel Fosgate, 1784. William Babcock, 1785. Jonathan Meriam, 1786. Nathan Johnson, 1787. James Goddard, Jr., 1788. Jonathan Wheeler, 1789. Barnabas Maynard, 1790. Levi Meriam, 1791. Silas Bailey, Jr., 1792. Samuel Spofiford, 1793, 1809, '32, '33> '45- Samuel Jones, 1 794. Nathaniel Hastings, 1795'. John Larkin, 1796-99, 1800, '10, '11. Amasa Holt, 180 1-4, '07. Solomon Howe, 1808. William Newton, 1805. James Goddard, Jr., 1806. Stephen Pollard, 1812, '14-16. Joseph Moore, 18 13. Asa Sawyer, 1817-22. Barnabas Brigham, 1823-24. Luther Carter, 1825-27. John Bartlett, 1828-33. Amos Sawyer, Jr., 1834-37. Oliver Fosgate, 1838-40. Josiah Bride, 1841-42. R. S. Hastings, 1843-46. Silas Houghton, 1850-53. Constables. Thomas Pollard, 1854. A. A. Bartlett, 1855, '85. William G. Hapgood, 1856. Samuel M. Fuller, 1857, '64- 68. John F. Bennett, 1857, Geo. Q. Sawyer, 1858. Andrew A. Powers, 1859-61. Josiah Moore, 1862-63. Frederick D. Kallom, 1863- 64. William H. Frye, 1865. Samuel E. Fuller, 1869- 72^ '74, '75- George H. Andrews, 1872, '78, '79, '81. John L. Bruce, 1873-79, '82- 84. Henry D. Coburn, 1873. Thomas Hale, 1876. Warren S. Howe, 1877. Charles B. Bancroft, 1886. Leonard W. Brewer, 1 88 7-89. Appleton D. Parmenter, 1887. John O. Osgood, 1888, '90- 94. George W. Knight, 1891. Benj. S. Walker, 1892-94. Arthur L. Brewer, 1895. Henry A. Wheeler, 1895. L. L. Carter, 1854. Sell ool Co m III it tee . R. F. Walcott, 1832, 't^-i,. Asa Sawyer, 1832, '36-38, '40, A. C. Baldwin, 1832. '41, '46. 244 HISTORY OF THE Wm. A. Howe, 1832-34. Wm. Sawyer (2d), 1832. Horace Bailey, 1833, '35. Willard Howe, 1833. Michael Burdett, 1834. Josiah Bride, 1834-39, '52-55. S. G. A.Tyler, 1834. Josephus Wilder, 1834. David R. Lamson, 1835-39. Eber S. Clarke, 1835-37. J. L. S. Thompson, 1S35-37. Robert Carver, 1838-39. Albert Babcock, 1838, '71, '73- John F. Larkin, 1839, '44, '45. Lewis Sawyer, 1839, '49, '50. Wm. Jones, 1840. G. W. A. Babcock, 1840. Edward Hartshorn, 1841-44, '52-55. '64, '67- Dexter Fay, 1841, '42. Oliver B. Sawyer, 1843-45. Henry Adams, 1844-48, '52. Solomon Jones, 1844, '46, '51. Jonathan F. Wheeler, 1844- Sfth Rice, 1845. Edwin A. Larkm, 1846. Ira H. Brown, 1847. Representatives Henry Powers, 181 2. Incorporation of the town. Henry Powers, 1813-16, '20, '22, '25-27,'29 ; 1817, voted not to send ; '18, voted the same. Levi Bigelow, 1848-50. Silas S. Greenleaf, 1851. Addison G. Smith, 1851. Elijah C. Shattuck, 1856, '57, '59, '69, '76-83, '89. Charles G. Keyes, 1856. Wm. A. Houghton, 1853-58, '6o-66,'7o, '73,'8o, '83/86. Gardner Rice, 1857. Lemuel Gott, 1858, '62. Wm. Bassett, 1858, '62, '65, '68, '71, '78. Ira O. Carter, 1861. Daniel H. Carter, 1871. Ansel L. Snow, 1872. Miss Mary Bassett, 1875. Mrs. Sarah H. Sawyer, 1875. Pliny B. Southwick, 1876, '77. Miss Mary J. Keyes, 1881. Mrs. Addison Keyes, 1885-88. Amasa A. Whitcomb, 1884. Henry W. Hastings, 1887-90. Henry A. Wheeler, 1890 (I year vacancy), 1891 (3 years), 1894. Geo. F. Pratt, 1 89 1 (2 years ) ; (Hastings resigned), 1893. Mrs. Isaac F. Parmenter, 1892, '95- to General Court. Amos Sawyer, 1819, '23, '24. Jonathan D. Meriam, 1828, 'ZO-Z2, '36, '1%. Joseph Park, 1833, '34, '3 7^ '39- Ira Sawyer, 1835. TOWN OF BERtlN. 245 Win. Jones, 1840; '41 and Amos Sawyer, Jr., 1849, '5°- '42, did not send. Lewis Sawyer, 185 i, '52. Oliver B. Sawyer, 1843. Lyman Morse, 1889. Seth Rice, 1846. Arthur Hastings, 1893. Representxiives of the Fifth Worcester County District. George W. Maynard, 1859. Edward H. Hartshorn, 1869. Lewis L. Carter, 1879. Samuel Haynes, 1873. Rev. Henry Hyde, 1884. John C Bickford, 1874. Dr. Edward Hartshorn, 1862. E.G. Shattuck, 1875. Abel VV. Longley, 1865. Senators. Hon. Samuel Baker, I 780-94 ; Hon. William Bassett, 1864. less two years. Justices of the Peace frofn 1778 to iSQj. Hon. Samuel Baker. Lewis Sawyer. Ephraim Fairbank. Albert Babcock. Amos Johnson. Josiah E. Sawyer. Levi Meriam. Wm. Bassett. Solomon Howe. Pliny B. Southwick. Jonathan D. Meriam. Amory A. Bartlett. Thomas Brigham. Samuel M. Haynes. Asa Sawyer. Abel W. Longley. Amos Sawyer. James D. Tyler. Wm. A. Howe. Ruthven Hastings. Josiah Babcock. Arthur Hastings. 246 HISTORY OF THE CHAPTER V. GENEALOGICAL. The committee in charge of preparing the manu- script for the press have followed the form and arrangement of families as left by Mr. Houghton as nearly as possible, making only such additions and corrections as would make the work more clear and comprehensive to the reader. The limits of the work do not permit the insertion of every name who may have lived in town, but only such families as may have resided here long enough to have become identified with the town either by residence or official relation. vSome may have been omitted which should properly appear herein, and other names appear which might with propriety have been left out, but no invidious distinction has actuated the compilers in this regard. The abbre- viations are comparatively few, and it is believed will be readily understood by the reader. In some of the families with numerous branches the pedigree is indicated by the numerals i, 2, 3, etc. ; in the others by b., born; d., died; s. or dau., son or daughter; rem., removed; res. stands for residence, resides, or resident. That mistakes in dates will appear is more than probable, as the material from which they have been ^.^^ptfc^^^ ■M a. .Mr. and Mrs. Charles K. Ali.kx, p. ^-^-. Mr. and JMrs. I.i.wis 1^. CARXtR. TOWN OF BERLIN. 247 taken has been often veiled in partial obscurity. We ask for a charitable judgment of the work, which has cost immense labor from first to last in its com- pilation. ADAMS. Rev. Henry Adams, son oiChQsier Adsivcis, president of Charlestown Bank, m. Sophia Field, b. in London Jan. 15, 1800. She was sister to Elizabeth, the mother of George B. Grasse of Bolton. They were cousins to Macadam, the originator of macadamized roads. He was a graduate of Amherst College and Andover Theological Institute. Was some years pastor in Worthington; next at "Hillside Church," Bolton, originated by Hon. S. V. S. Wilder. Mr. Wilder, after his return from France, attended church mostly in Berlin till Hillside was organized, 1827, and dissolved 1843. Mr. Adams settled here the same year. Mr. Adams was later pastor in Peoria, 111. ; afterwards took orders in the Episcopal church; had charge in Akron, O., and in New Jersey. He d. with his dau., Elizabeth, in Wichita, Kan., 1881, a. 88 years. His wife died at Elgin, 111., Jan. 10, 1885, with son Henry W. Had Elizabeth, Sarah, Henry W. and Chester. He was succeeded here by Rev. W. A. Houghton. ALLEN. Charles K. Allen, b. in Reading, s. of John A. Allen, who was born in Salem 181 3. Charles K. m. Harriet B. Pratt May 9, 1876. Came to Berlin 1893, res. on the Lyman Morse farm. Had Henry M., b. 248 HISTORY OF THE Oct. 26, 1883, d. May 27, 1893 ; Florence B., b. Nov. 12, 1886; Arthur B., b. Oct. 5, 1889; Walter J., b. Oct. 19, 1891 ; Charlotte, b. Jan. 8, 1894. Ajiws Allen, m. Mary, dau, of Abijah Pratt. In 1 788 Pratt bought "the farm where Amos Allen now lives," across the swale southwest of the Daniel Wheeler house ; old cellar visible. Jonathan Greene, resident on the hill, also m. a dau. of Pratt. No other record. Nathan M. Allen, s. of Nathan and Harriet, b. in Pittsfield, Vt, 1829, m. Lovisa, dau. of William Bab- cock, 2d, Feb. 21, 1850. Settled on the place next north of Duncan McPherson's. The town opened a road for him a few years ago. He was three years in the army; was much incapacitated by the service. He d. May 20, 1886, at 57 years; wife d. Oct. 29, 1890. Had W^illiam N., b. 1850; Isaac E., b. vSept. 21, 1853 ; Joseph A., b. Aug. 17, 1855 ; Mary H., b. Aug. 16, 1857, i^- George Davis of Worcester, who d. same year; m., 2d, Charles Davis, 1882; Charles vS., b. Nov. 9, 1859 ; and Elmer E.,b. Feb. 6, 1862, who retains the homestead, and m. Mary S. Barnes, dau. of Millen Barnes, June 29, 1892 ; they have had Walter M., b. July 12, 1893. Adi)i B. Allen, from West Springfield, b. Nov. 10, 1852, m. Jennie E. Clapp Feb. 14, 1879. Lives in south part on the old Joshua Johnson farm. The old house was burned in 1 886. He built the new one now on the premises. By trade a mason. Had Harry E., b. April 24, 1881 ; Howard R., b. Jan. 9, 1883; Abbie S., b. April 14, 1886; May A., b. July 12, 1888; Dwight Adin, b. Sept. 25, 1894. TOWN OF BERIJN. 249 AMES. George W. Ames, from Cambridge, m. Caroline, dau. of Pel tiah Jones, May 20, 1838. She d. Dec. 5, 1873; m., 2d, Emily, dau. of Ephraim Babcock, Jr., June 17, 1874; she d. Nov. 25, 1875 ; m., 3d, Lucy E. (Babcock) Eager, dau. of Josiah Babcock, June 28, 1876; he died July 29, 1882. His widow still occupies his place on the road from the Centre to the Old Colony depot. ANDREWS. The Andrews of this town are a branch of the Boylston family of Andrews, who appear to have been descendants of one Robert Andrews, who set- tled in Ipswich in 1635. His great grandson, Robert, was the head of the Boj'lston families and d. 1789. James Andrews, s. of Robert of Boylston and a descendant of the first Robert, m. Persis, dau. of Samuel Kendall of Boylston. He was a grocer in Worcester, and d. there in 1 8 5 1 . Had two sons, Samuel ElHot, b. Feb. 11, 1839, ^^d George H., b. Nov. 22, 1840. They came here early in life and learned the shoemakers' trade. Samuel Elliot Andrews, s. of James, m., Jan. 30, 1864, Mary A. Barnard, dau. of Winsor Barnard of Boylston. Has a pleasant residence facing the Common, next -east of the Town Hall. Was a soldier in the late war in the Louisiana campaign. Had Cora A., b. April 15, 1866, d. May 4, same year; Arthur K., b. May 19, 1867; George E., b. Feb. 14, 1870. George H. Amirews, s. of James, m. Adeliza J., dau. of Rufus Howard, Sept. 7, 1862. He resides in Carterville. 250 HISTORY OF THE Was a soldier in the campaign with his brother. Had James E., b. Sept. 12, 1865; Cora E., b. Aug. 12, 1874, d. Oct. 15, 1875; Nettie E., b. March 26, 1876. James E. Aiidrcivs, s. of George H., m. Flora M., dau. of William T. Babcock, 2d, Jtine 10, 1885. vShe d. Nov. 21, 1892. He is foreman of Par- ker's shoe factory. Had William H., b. Sept. 4, 1 8S5. George E. A)idrezvs, s. of Samuel E., m. vSuvSie L,, dau. of Daniel P. Hartwell, Aug. 5, 1894. Is a shoe, maker and lives with his father. BABCOCK. The families of this name in Berlin are descendants of David Babcock, who was in Dorchester 1640, d. 1 67 1. He, by wife Mary, had eleven children. The second was Benjamin, who had by his wife Hannah Daniels, m. 1674, seven children; the second son was William, b. 1684, m. Lucy of Marlboro in 1 7 10. He had by Lucy (one son only on record), William, b. 171 1, and this William settled in the west part of Northboro, on the place since owned by Asa and David Mahan. His wife was Lydia . Had three sons— William, Reuben and Jonas. Wil- liam, Sr., died in Chesterfield 1801 or 1802. The two younger sons, Reuben and Jonas, settled probably on the ancestral lands : Reuben on the Lowell Hol- brook place and Jonas on the Stone farm. William, the oldest, came to Berlin and settled on the place now owned by Joseph Turner. William Babcock, s. of William of Northboro, m. vSibyl, dau. of Aaron Green of Northboro. Had MK.S. I'ALL HKK.IIA.M. El.ISllA liAStSETT. EXEKETT 11. BAILEV. 1' l< hllh.KICK S. I!A1 1.1'.\ . MKS. ELIJAH IIK.ELOW. MKS. JOHN K. BENNETT. KKANCIS \V. HAILEV. ELIJAH HIGELOW. GtOKGE II. HARNES. JOHN F. BENNETT. TOWN OF BERLIN. 25r Aziibah, b. Oct. 15, 1764, m. Thomas Brigham; Abraham, b. June 9, 1770, settled in Boston; his dau., Nancy, m. Chandler Carter; his s., George Abram, built the house now owned by Edward Flagg; Ephraim, b. March 22, 1772; Wheeler, b. April 4, 1774, d. Oct. 4, 1778; Sibyl, b. Sept. 13, 1776, m. John Howe; William, b. April 29, 1780; Peter, b. Sept. 9, 1782, m. Betsey Wilder; hed. 1837, and she m., 2d, Levi Bartlett; Lucy, b. June 29, 1785, m. Ephraiin Fairbanks, 3d. Wife, Sibyl, d. June 23, 1790, at 46. He m., 2d, Hephzibah (Bush), widow of Robert Fife; she d. July 30, 1826, a. 72 ; he d. Dec. 31, 1820, a. 79. At the signal guns April 19, 1775, he left his work in the field and hastened to Lexington. Ephraim Babcock', William' of Berlin, m. May 4, 1793, Eunice Sawyer, dau. of Josiah, Jr. Their homestead was that of Ephraim Larkin, now Duncan McPherson's. Had Josiah, b. Jan. 9, 1795; Ephraim and Eunice, twins, b. June 9, 1798; Eunice cl. 1803; Abraham, b. May 20, 1802, d. Sept. 14, 1803; William, b. Aug. 12, 1804; Abraham, b. May 20, 1806; Alvin, b. Nov. 21, 1808; Curtis, b. Oct. 9, 1 8 10, d. Nov. 7, 1830; Lois Moore, b. Sept. 10, 181 2, m., Sept. 10, 1834, Oliver Stone of Clinton; Harriet, b. Nov. 10, 1 8 14, m., Oct. 16, 1835, William, .son of Ira vSawyer; Eunice, b. March 30, 18 17, m. Josiah E. Sawyer. Ephraim, Sr., d. Feb. 15, 1852, at 81 years, in a house built by his son, William, near the O. C. R. R. water tank. West Berlin. Eunice, his widow, d. March 10, 1863, at 88 years, with her dau., Mrs. Josiah E. Sawyer. Williarii Babcock', William' of Berlin, m. Hannah, dau. of Uriah Moore of Princeton. He settled on 252 HISIORV OK I'HE the farm now owned by Richard M. Wheeler; he bought the place of Jonathan Merriam 18 18. Had Luther, b. July 3, 1808, d. Oct. 9, 1878, unm. ; Albert, b. Sept. 10, 1 8 10; Abigail, b. x\ug. 26, 18 12, d. Jan. 5, 1834; Edwin, b. March 8, 181 5, d. Nov. 2, 1825; Sarah, b. March i, 1817, d. April 11, 1839 ; Jonathan, b. July 25, 1 8 19; William Thomas, b. Feb. 20, 1822; Lovisa, b. Aug. 28, 1824, m. Nathan M. Allen. He d. Sept. 14, 1 861, at 81 years; she d. Jan. 7, 1845. JosiaJi Babcock\ Ephraim', William', m. Betsey Bowman, dau. of Simeon, April 4, 1820; res. in West Berlin, where his son, Levi, now lives. Had Eunice Alma, b. Feb. 9, 1822, m. Curtis, son of Daniel Carter, Jr., Nov. 24, 1842, res., Kennedy, N. Y. ; Aaron B., b. Aug. 28, 1823, m. Mercey K. Sparrow Sept., 1849, rcs., Boston; shed. ]\Iay 14, 1886; m., 2d, Mrs. EUzabeth Stevens; Elnor M., b. Oct. 13, 1825, d. Dec. 5, 1826; Lucy B., b. Aug. 17, 1827, d. May 4, 1829; William Ira, b. July 21, 1829; Curtis, b. Feb. 5, 183 1, d. March, 1894, res., Rockland, Mass. ; Lucy Ellen, b. Dec. 28, 1832, m. Augustus Eager of Westminster; they had Charles D. and W^illiam S.; Augustus d. 1871; she m., 2d, George W. Ames of Berlin; Josiah G., b. Jan. 12, 1835, m. Abbie M. Burgess, res., Clinton; Dexter, b. Feb. 15, 1837, d. July I, i860; Levi, b. March 28, 1839; Harrison Tyler, b. April 17, 1841, m. Adelaide Hix, res., Green- field ; Ann Maria, b. Nov. 18, 1843 ; George Abraham, b. Dec. 21, 1845. Josiah d. Dec. 4, 1859, at 64 years ; wid. Betsey, d. Mar. 5, 1889, at 85 years. Abraham Babcock\ Ephraim", William', m. Patience Fife June 6, 1830; was a carpenter; lived in Marl- boro, Worcester, and other places ; had res. in West JOSIAH BABCOCK. TOWN OF BERLIN. 25 J Berlin. His wife, Patience, d. Oct. 9, 1857; had no child ; m., 2d, Sabra Wood, widow of William Wood of Marlboro; by her had Waldo S., b. Nov. 13, i860. Abraham d. May 3, 1874. Alvin Babcock\ Ephraim^ William', m. Hannah Wood of Bolton 1830, res., Bolton, Boylston, Lancas- ter and Clinton. Had Hannah Amanda, who m. George Colbiirn of Boylston, now Clinton. Their child, Alvin, d. May 12, 1845, aged 10 years; Alvin, Sr., d. April 7, 1880. EpJiraiin Babcock\ Jr., Ephraim", William', m. ]\Iary Ann, dau. of Francis Barnard of Marlboro and grand- dau. of Robert Barnard, who m., 2d, the widow of Benjamin Bailey 1729. This Robert was connected with the mills at Hudson. Ephraim lived on the place now owned bv his son, Francis, and before owned b}^ Luther Pollard. Had Waldo, b. July 20, 1828, d. Sept. 7, 1 831; Elizabeth B., b. Sept. 21, 1830, m. Joel L. AVheeler, m., 2d, Ebenezer Dailey ; Francis, b. July 18, 1832; Emily, b. 1839, m. George W. Ames; Augusta A., b. 1841, m., June 23, 1871, Waldo Brigham of Hudson; John D., b. Sept. 30, 1844. Ephraim d. Jan. 18, 1864; his widow is still living, jMarch, 1S95. William Babcock\ Ephraim', William', m. Catherine Hastings of Boylston. Had no children; he d. in Lancaster ; he built the house opposite L. L. Carter's, West Berlin. William Ira Babcock\ Josiah', Ephraim', AVilliam', m. Ellen, dau. of William Jones. Settled in Clinton; is a wheelwri2:ht. 254 HISTORY OF THE Levi Babcock\ Josiah', Ephraim", William', m. Maria C. Felton, dau. of Henry O., Jan. 30, 1869. He lives in the west part on the place before occupied by his father ; is a carpenter and part owner of the Pollard mills. Had by Maria C, Ethel May, b. April II, 1877; Irving- L., b. Jan. 24, 1882. Wife, Maria C, d. Aug. 14, 1885; m., 2d, Addie L., June 27, 1888, sister to Maria C. Francis Babcock\ Ephraim', Ephraim', William', m. Jennie E. (Miller) Bigelow of Holliston Nov. 15, 1 87 1. He continues on the homestead of his father, the Luther Pollard place ; he was a soldier in the late war; the}- have one child, C. Edith, b. March 13, 1876. John Davis Babcock\ Ephraim", Ephraim", William', m. Ella S., dau. of Chauncey P. Hartwell Apr. 30, 1870. He is a carpenter and resides in Westboro ; they have had five children, of which three are living. Albert Babcock\ William% William', m. Mary B., dau. of Thomas Sawyer, May 7, 1836. He settled on the homestead of his uncle, Ephraim, where McPherson now lives; he taught school when a young man and was town clerk many years; he removed to the Riley Smith house in Carterville 1873; his wife, Mary B., d. Nov. 19, 1892; rem. to Hudson Feb., 1884, and lived with his dau., Sarah A. Had Edwin, b. Aug. 6, 1838, m. Irene, dau. of Dea. Luther Peters, Jan. 5, 1864, removed to Worcester; William Thomas, b. Oct. 18, 1840; Sarah A., born July 24, 1850, m. George M. Shattuck; he died; m., 2d, Joseph vStratton, Jan. 8, 1879. Jonathan Babcock\ William", William', m. vSusan (Cutting), wid. of Oliver Moore. He occupied his WILLIAM BAKNES. MKS. SYLVANUS BRUCE. SYLVANUS BRUCE. AKTtMAS ISAKNKS. PAUL BKIGHAM. L. W. BREWER. CAPT. WM. BARiNES. MRS. WILLIAM BARNES. IRA H. BROWN. KnWARD BLISS. TOWN' OF BERLIN. 255 father's house until 1857, when he removed to Barre, Mass., where he died 1888. William Thomas Babcock\ William", William', m. Eliza Maynard, dau. of Mrs. Priscilla (Maynard) Bab- cock, Nov. 7, 1850. He settled on the farm formerly owned by Luther Carter in the north part of the town. Had Hannah, b. July 6, 1854, m. Frank Davis, res., Hubbardston; Frank E., b. Aug. 11, 1861 ; Mary A., b. March *20, 1857, m. Charles Walcott, she d. 1880; Josephine, b. March 20, 1864, m. WaiTen Clifton Pierce of Northboro; Herbert, b. Jan. 20, 1859, d. 1864; Charles W., b. Nov. i, 1865; Sarah J., b. March 19, 1867, m. William R. Eraser; Abbie S., b. March 12, 1870, m. Wilfred March, res., Westboro. Wife, Eliza, d. Nov. 3, 1872. William Thomas Babcock, s. of Albert, m. Harriet M., dau. of Hartwell Sawyer, Nov. 19, 1865. He lives in the Centre on the Clinton road, house built by Levi Hartshorn. Had Flora j\L, b. Jidy 1 7, 1 866, m. James E. Andrews; Alice E., b. July 3, 1870; Mary M.. b. June 29, 1874; Effie M., b. April 7, 1872. d. June 30, 1872, at 3 mos. He is a shoemaker and was a soldier in the late war. Riiibcn Babcock, s. of Reuben of Northboro and Hannah Goddard, m., 1822, Sarah Bond of Marlboro. He lived on the John Collins place in northwest part of the town 1840-50. Their children were Elisha, d. 1824; Charles D., d. in California; James W., d. in California; Sarah R., m. Ezra Crocker, lives in South Wellfleet, Mass., her husband died in the army. Reuben's wife, Sarah, d. 1842; m., 2d, Mrs. Grace (Kelley) Young, mother of Nancy, Oliver and John 256 HISTORY OF THE M. Young. Wife, Grace, d. 1843; n^-. 3^1- Mrs. Priscilla (Hawes) Maynard of Stow Oct. 3, 1843; had by her, Martha A., b. March 30, 1845 ; she now lives in Berlin Centre in a house built by herself and her half sister, Josephine. Priscilla had by her former husband, Eliza A. Maynard, Charles H. Maynard, George J. Maynard, who lives in Minneapolis, and Josephine Maynard, b. July 8, 1840, d. May 16, 1891 ; Charles H. was in the Berlin quota in the fiirmy, was taken prisoner at Gettysburg, was exchanged, and d. in the Invalid Corps, 1864, in Washington; Reuben d. Dec. "9, 1 870, at 83 ; his wid, d. May 1 8, 1 88 1 , at 8 1 . BAILEY. In the earlier settlement of this part of Lancaster the Bailey family occupied a prominent position. They became large land owners, and were influential and respected in this section of the town. Benjamin, the first on our territory and the head of the family here, moved from Marlboro here about 1722. He was probably a grandson of Rev. Thomas Bailey and son of John of Scituate. Rev. Thomas was a brother of Rev. John Bailey of Watertown and Boston, and was b. in Lancashire, Eng., 1644, and was assistant to Rev. Samuel Willard at the Old South in Boston, 1692. Bcnjaviin Bailey, b. 1682, m. Deborah, dau. of Eleazer Howe of the John Howe line, Marlboro. He settled on the place now owned by Marcus M. God- dard, which he bought of John Houghton, 3d, 1718; 120 acres "lying upon or near a brook called the Great brook, not far from the southeast corner of Lancaster, and is the land on which the said John TOWN OF BERLIN. 257 has built and now liveth, the house near a little brook, 120 rods from the Great brook." He was a constable and tax collector in Lancaster 1723. Had by Deborah, Benjamin, b. 171 3; Barnabas, b. 171 5; Benoni, b. 1 7 1 7. Wife, Deborah, d. 1 7 1 8 ; m., 2d, Eliza- beth, dau. of Daniel Howe, of the Abraham Howe line, and had by her Daniel (no record of date); Elizabeth, m. Josiah Wheeler, s. of John, Sr., and settled in Boylston; Silas and Timothy, the latter probably d. unm. He d. 1726, age 44; his wid. m, Robert Barnard of Marlboro (owner of the Hudson mills) 1729. Benjamin Bailey", Benjamin', m. Sibella, dau. of James Howe of Westboro, iVpril 4, 1738. He occu- pied the homestead (the ^M. M. Goddard place); he largely added to his acres until his domain extended from the Johnson land on the south to what is now Carterville and including a part of Powder House hill on the north, and from the Israel Sawyer place on the cast to Merrick Felton's on the west. He d. Feb. 14, 1790; his wid. d. Oct. 4, 1803. Had Israel, b. Sept. 8, 1741 ; Deborah, b. Aug. 5, 1743; Joseph, b. Sept. 8, 1745 ; these three by Bolton records d. in same Sept., nth, 17th and 29th; Benjamin, b. Aug. 29, 1747; Ebenezer, b. July i, 1749; Desire, b. ^Iay5, I75i,m., 1768, Jonathan Moore, Jr. ; Stephen, b. Sept. -9' 1753; Sibella, b. Jan. 19, 1756, m. Dr. Benjamin Nourse; she d. 1797; Catherine, b. 1758, m., 1799, Dr. Benjamin Nourse. Tradition holds that two of the sons never married. Ebenezer held land west of Sawyer hill, called in will, 1790, "the Sawyer place and buildinsfs." 258 HISTORY OF THE Bcnoni Bailey', Benjamin.' He owned land north of his bro., Barnabas ; also land in Stow, (No rec.) Barnabas Bailcf, Benjamin', m. Elizabeth, dau. of Samuel Stephens of IMarlboro, July 21, 1748. He lived on the place recently owned by Winslow B. Morse. Their son-in-law, Jacob Moore, built the Dr. Brig-ham house, just above, retained probably by Barnabas, as Asenath gave it to her daughter, Seraphina, who m. Josiah Crossby ; Jacob Moore set- tled in Searsmont, N. H. Had Elizabeth, b. April 2, 1749; m. Jacob Moore, s. of Isaac, Sr. ; Mary, b. Feb. 13, 1751, m. Richardson; Phebe, b. June 13, 1754, m. Peter Richardson of Grafton; Asenath, b. Aug. 12, 1760, m. Samuel Brigham. Barnabas d. May 23, 1790; his wid. d. April 25. 18 13. Col. Silas Bailcf, Benjamin', m. Lucy, dau. of Jedediah Brigham of Marlboro. He settled on the place now owned by Edward Flagg. Had Timothy, b. Feb. 9, 1749; Bertha, b. Oct. 4, 1752 ; Silas, b. July 22, 1756; Lucy, b. Jan. 6, 1759, m. Jabez Fair- banks, who was grandfather to Col. vSilas B. Fair- banks, lately of Hudson; Amherst, b. Jan. 27, 1761 ; Calvin, b. Jan. 2, 1763. Wife, Lucy, d. May 14, 1778, aged 52 years; he m,, 2d, Mrs. Elizabeth (Rice), wid. of Capt. Paul Brigham of Marlboro ; wdfe, Eliza- beth, d. (no rec); m., 3d, Catherine, dau. of Eleazer Howe of Marlboro. Col. Silas was a plucky patroit ; though entangled in the Shays embroglio, he squarely refused to be impaneled on the jury should a certain judge preside. He d. Oct. 30, 1793. at 70 years ; Catherine, wid., d. April 16, 181 1, at 74 years. TOWN OF BERLIN. 259 Lieut. Timothy Bailey'^, Col. Silas^, Benjamin^ m. Martha, dau. of Luther (?) Barnard. Had Bethia, b. 1775, m. Jesse Wood; Jedediah, b. 1777; Levi, b. 1778. Lieut. Timothy lived on the Merrick Felton place ; he was early in the American army, and his early promotion vShows his soldierty qualities ; he left his home in 1777 for Rhode Island; he d. at New- port the same year; all records fail us as to his particular service or manner of death. Artemas Barnes, Esq., erected in 1876 the monument in the old cemetery, which commemorates his patriot- ism. Si/as Bailcy\ Col. Silas', Benjamin', m. Levina Bartlett of Northboro. He settled just over the line in Northboro on the place of E. Warren Pierce, where William Goddard, the miller, lived before. Had Timothy, b. Aug. 2, 1780; vSilas, b. June 8, 1782; Holloway, b. May 18, 1784; Calvin, b. Feb., 1786; Betsey, b. 1789, d. same year; Levina, b. July 18, 1790, m. Martin Houghton of Bolton; Lewis, b. Jan. 4, 1792. All these, except Timothy, were bap- tized in Berlin. He d. Oct. 23, 1840: wife d. Oct. 12, 1840. AmJierst Bailef, Col. Silas', Benjamin', m. Lydia, dau. of Fortunatus Barnes, March 28, 1785. He succeeded to the homestead, now the Edward Flagg place. Had Lucy, b. Feb, 18, 1787, m. Peter Larkin, 2d, d. in Holliston; William, b. Aug. 15, 1789, d. unm., 1834; Silas, b. Feb. 28, 1796, d. 1797; Persis, b. 1793, m. Leonard Carter of Boylston March 9, 18 17: Sarah, b. Dec. 23, 1799, m. Benjamin Gould of Bos- 26o HISTORY OF THE ton, d. in Lancaster; Calvin, b. Jan. lo, 1801, d. unm., 1833; Hannah, b. Jan. 7, 1804, m. Simeon Bowman of Lancaster and Clinton ; Zilpah, b. Nov. 6, 1 806, m. Arad Newton of Philadelphia ; Lucinda, b. Aug. 25, 1810, m. George Stratton of Lancaster. Amherst d. Nov. 9, 1830; wid., Lydia, d. Dec. 14, 1844. Dca. Stephen Bailef, Benjamin", Benjamin', m. Sally, dan. of Dr. Samuel Crosby of Shrewsbury. Dr. Crosby was a surgeon in the Revolutionary war. Dea. Stephen's homestead was the present residence of Ira Jones, of 86 acres; he was chosen deacon 1807. Had Clarissa, b. March 10, 1779, m. Jedediah Bailey, she d. in Pelham April 24, 1838, buried in Ware; an infant son d. Alarch 13, 1781; Algernon Sidney, b. May II, 1782, d. in preparation for the ministry, 1808; Winthrop, b. May 7, 1784. Eusebia, b. June II, 1787, m. Jonas Sawyer, d. at Pelham Feb. 27, 1821; Sally, b. Feb. 9, 1789, d. Sept. 22, 1789; Emma, b. Oct. 27, 1790, m. Esquire Asa Sa,wyer; Horace, b. April 23, 1793, m. Elizabeth Whitney of Westboro, where he lived, except a few years in Berlin, on the place now owned bv Robert Newsome; s., Alfred, d. here 1831 ; he d. March 24, 1870 ; had also Frederick, who lives in Brooklyn, N. Y., and Alvina W., m. George E. Fisher of West- boro ; his wid. d. 1893 ;''Myra, b. Nov. 15, 1795, m. John Tyler of North Brookfield 1821, she d. Nov. 21, 1868; Stephen, b. April 19, 1798, m. Olive Ham- ilton^of North Brookfield, he d. March 27, 1861 ; had Joseph E., b. March 12, 1823, d. Nov., 1894, at Spring- field; Ca.roline H., b. Jan. 2, 1825, m. Enos King TOWN OK BERLIN. 26 1 of Hopkinton; Adelaide H., b. March i8, 1827, m. Joseph B. Knox of Worcester. Dea. Stephen's wife, Sally, d. Oct. 13, 1812 ; hem., 2d, a cousin of his first wife, wid. of Rev. Mr. Dudley; he d. Feb. 12, 181 5. Holknvay Bailcy\ Silas', Silas\ Benjamin', m. Lucy, dau. of Benjamin Sawyer of Bolton. They had three sons. In the oldest the venerable patronymic reap- pears "Benjamin," and perhaps ancestral ministerial bias; he graduated at Harvard College 1854; has been pastor in Portland, Marblehead and jSIalden ; he m., 1864, Emily F. Sampson. They have Salina W., Henry H. and Benjamin P.; two others have d. S. Henry, the second s. of Holloway, responded to his country's call in the late war; w^as captain of Com- pany G in the 36th Regiment; he was killed by a musket ball in the head at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864. John, the third s., m. a dau. of Judge Dewey of Williamstown ; res. in Newton; holds the clerkship of the estate of Hon. Mr. Roach of New Bedford. Thus the last representatives of this once numerous and influential family have disappeared from us and this vicinity; may the stock revive. He d. F'eb. 12, 1872; wife Lucy d. Feb. 9, 1 86 1. He m. 2d, Richardson; d. 1877. JedcdiaJiBailcy\\AQ\!i\..'Y'\riio'(kvf, Silas", Benjamin', m. Clarissa, dau. of Dea. vStephen Bailey, April 17, 1800. Lived on the Merrick Felton place; the family moved to Athol about 1824. Had Eliza, b. 1801, d. 1806; Clarissa, b. Dec. 22, 1802, d. 1805; Sally Crosby, b. May 17, 1805; Clarissa, bap. 1807; 262 HISTORY OF THE Eusebia, b. 1809; Sophy Spooner, b, 1812 ; Algernon Sidney, b. 18 16. Dca. Timothy Bailcy\ Silas', Silas', Benjamin', m. Sarah Whitney of Westboro 1806. He lived on the place now owned by Rufus R. Wheeler; the house was burned a few years ago. Had Benjamin F., b. Jan. 29, 1807, he m., Dec. 31, 1831, Sarah B. Whit- ney of Worcester, where he has since resided ; Sarah E., b. Jan. 25, 1809, d. Jan. 27, 1837; Silas, b. Oct. 13, 1 8 1 1 , lives in Princeton ; George L., b. Dec. 18, 18 1 7, m. Cox of Hudson. Dea. Timothy d. Sept. 3, 1837 ; wife d. April 1 1, 1840. At the request of Everett H. Bailey, Esq., of St. Paul, Minn., a descendant of the Rev. Winthrop Bailey, who was a son of Dea. Stephen Bailey of this town, we insert herein the genealogical record of the family of the Rev. Winthrop, which certainly will be of special interest to the members of the Bailey family scattered abroad, but few of the descendants of the Bailey family are still within our limits ; they have sought more enlarged and enticing fields of usefulness in other localities. They gave character and standing to our town in its early history, and it is a gratifying fact to know that the name is still honored in other communities where they may reside. Rev. Thomas Bailey, b, in Lancashire, Eng., 1644. J oJin Bailey, b. in Scituate, Mass., before 1670, m. Sarah White Jan. 25, 1672 ; m., 2d wife, Ruth Clothier, Dec. 9, 1699. TOWN OF BERLIN. 263 /. Boijauiin Bailey of Berlin, Mass. (moved from Marlboro 1722), b. 1682, d. 1726; m. Deborah Howe, dau. of Eleazer Howe, of John Howe line of Marl- boro; m., second wife, dau. of David Howe of Abram Howe line. 2. Benjamin Bailey, b. 171 3, d. Feb. 14, 1790, m. April 4, 1738, Sibella, dau. of James Howe of West- boro. Dea. Stephen Bailey, b. Sept. 29, 1753, d. Feb. 12, 181 5, m., Feb. 8, 1779, Sarah Crosby, dau. of Dr. Samuel Crosby of vShrewsbury. Rev. Winthrop Bailey, b. May 7, 1784. Graduated at Harvard College 1807; entered a three years' course at Andover Theological vSeminary ; settled in Brunswick, Me., in 18 10, as minister of the Congre- gational Church, and was tutor in Bowdoin College to 1 8 14; m., Jan. 6, 18 14, Martha Stanwood, dau. of Col. William Stanwood of Brunswick; settled in Pelham, Mass., 1814; was minister of the Congre gational Church there until 1823, when he became a Unitarian and moved to Greenfield, taking charge of the new Unitarian Church; lived in Deerfield 1831- 1835 ; was principal of Deerfield Academy ; died there ]\Iarch 16, 1835. Children: Sarah Crosby, b. in Pelham April 5, 181 5; Hannah Stanwood, b. in Pel- ham Jime 8, 1817; Martha Grey, b. in Pelham Feb. 19, 1 8 19; Francis Parkman, b. in Pelham Nov. 26, 1820; Elizabeth Lee, b. in Pelham Nov. 21, 1822; Annie J., b. in Greenfield Feb. 12, 1826; Isabella, b. in Greenfield Feb. 12, 1828; Mary Duncan, b. in Deerfield May 23, 1831. N 264 HISTORY OF THE Sarah Crosby, dan. of Rev. Winthrop Bailey, b. April 5, 181 5; m., at Deerfield, Mass., Dec. 4, 1834, vSamuel T. Hallock of Milton, N. Y. ; resided for many years at Riceville, Pa. Children : Martha Elizabeth, b. Nov. 6, 1835; Winthrop, b. Feb. 2, 1838; Seraphina Joy, b. Nov. 13, 1840, d. Nov. 5, 1850; Sara Isabella, b. April i, 1843, d. JuneQ, 1850; Hannah Stanwood, b. Nov, 26, 1845; Patrick Falco- ner, b. March 30, 1849; Nicholas Edward, b. Aug. 29, 1852; Nathaniel, b. Feb. 21, 1858, d. Aug. 26, 1858. Mrs. Hallock d. Oct. 12, 1881; Mr. Hallock d. Sept. 25, 1877. Martha Elizabeth, m., Aug. 5, 1868, Newton A. T. Carroll; reside in Buffalo, N. Y. Children: Theo- dora May, b. May 8, 1869; Horace Greeley, b. Jan. 12, 1873; Winthrop Thomas, b. Feb. 11, 1877. Dr. Winthrop Hallock, m., Jan. 20, 1859, Mary Kent Shew ; reside at Cromwell, Conn. Children : Frank Kirkwood, b. Aug. 18, i860; Susan Clarke, b. April 21, 1869, m., vSept. 6, 1893, William Couch of Du- buque, Iowa. Patrick F. Hallock, m., Oct. 27, 1877, Julia Anna Barto of Oyster Bay, L. I. Children : Robert Patton, b, March i, 1879, d. Sept. 3, 1881 ; Edith, b. Jan. i, 1882, d. Nov. 2, 1889; vSara Barto, b. Sept. 8, 1884. Nicholas Edward Hallock, m., May 21, 1878, Phebe Keith of Rome, N. Y. ; reside at Bradford, Pa. Children: Annie Constance, b. Feb. 20, 1883, d. inf.; Charles Samuel, b. April 19, 1884; Florence Bailey, b. March 15, 1886. Hannah Stanwood, dau. of Rev. Winthrop Bailey, b. June 8, i8i7;m., June 26, 1842, at New York, ^^^ff^^* h •1 FRANCIS PARKMAN BAILEY. TOWN OF BERLIN. 265 Horatio N. Conant ; lived in Milwaukee, Wis., where tie died Sept. 20, 1859. Children: Ella Stanwood, b. March 16, 1843, d. Jan. 27, 1847; Ernest, b. March 26, 1847, d. Dec. 20, 1884; Frederick Holland, b. June 18, 1849, d. Feb. 26, 1854. ]\Iartha Grey, dau. of Rev. Winthrop Bailey, b. Feb. 19, 1 8 19; m., at Milwaukee, Wis., Sept. 11, 1 845, Rufus W. Pier of Jamestown, N. Y. Children : William Stanwood, b. July 20, 1846, d. Dec. 27, 1892; Caroline B., b. July 23, 1848 ; Clarence, b. July 15, 185 I, d. inf.; Charles ]M., b. July 15, 185 1. Mrs. Pier d. .at Pittsburg Dec. 24, 1888; Mr. Pier d. at Pittsburg- Sept. 30, 1893. William Stanwood Pier, b. July 20, 1846, m., Jan. 4. 1 87 1 , Alciphron Moore of Linmore, Pa. Children : Arthur Stanwood, b. Nov. 9, 1871, d. inf.; Arthur Stanwood, b. April 21, 1874; Florence, b. Nov. 21, 1876; Roy, b. Oct. 2, 1880; Evelyn, b. Dec. 30, 1882, d. July 31, 1883 ; Winthrop Bailey, b. June 19, 1886. Mr. Pier d. at Pittsburg Dec. 27, 1892. Charles M. Pier, b. July 15, i85i,m., May 13, 1877, Anne Elizabeth White. Children: Martha Grey, b. Feb. 16, 1878; Mary Catherine, b. Aug. i, 1880, d. May 5, 1881; Florida, b. Sept. 24, 1883. M., 2d wife, Ida E.Richardson Dec. 14, 1887. Children by her: Clifton Willard, b. Jan. i, 1889, d. Aug. 20, 1892; Albert Floyd, b. Aug. 19, 1890, d. inf. ; Stanwood Bailey, b. Aug. 4, 1892, d. inf. Francis Parkman Bailey, s. of Rev. Winthrop Bailey, b. Nov. 26, 1820. Engaged in business at Utica, N. Y.. 1839; at Dexterville, N. Y., 1840-2; at Milwau- kee, Wis., 1843 (with H. N. Conant & Co.); moved 2 66 HISTORY OF THE to Jamestown, N. Y., in 1844, and was associated w4th Frank W. Palmer and Ebenezer P, Upham as proprietors of ih.Qjajncstozi<)iJo?(r)ialMnt\\ about 1850; m., Oct. 12, 1847, Caroline Pier, dau. of Rufus Pier of Jamestown, N. Y. ; moved to Erie in 1850; was clerk with Lester, Sennett & Chester (foundry) ; in 1852 was teller and general clerk for the banking house of Williams & Wright; in October, 1853, was formed the banking firm of C. B. Wright & Co., composed of C. B. Wright, F. P. Bailey, C. E. Gun- nison, who continued until the latter part of 1858, w^hen C. B. Wright bought out Bailey and Gunnison and rented banking rooms to the Bank of Commerce. F. P. Bailey closing up the affairs of C. B. Wright & Co. in 1860, was formed the banking firm of Vincent, Bailey & Co., composed of B. B. Vincent, F. P. Bailey, William Bell, Jr., W. S. Lane and John Wood, which continued until 1865. In 1864 a charter was procured for the jMarine National Bank of Erie, of which F. P. Bailey was cashier until his decease, December 17, 1888. Children: Everett H., b. April 10, 1850; Katharine, b. , d. inf. Airs. Bailey d. July 14, 1859. M., Feb. 7, 1861, 2d wife, Martha Pier, dau. of Norman Pier, Titus- ville, Pa. Children by her : Francis Winthrop, b. July II, 1866; Florence E., b. Feb. 8, 1868. Everett H. Bailey, b, April 10, 1850, m., June 2, 1874, Jennie L. Jones, dau. of Judge F. A. Jones of Toledo, O. ; res. at St. Paul, Minn. Have one s., Frederick Stanwood, b. Oct. 31, 1880. Elizabeth Lee, dau. of Rev. Winthrop Bailey, b. Nov. 21, 1822, m. Oct. 20, 1842, wSamuel Erastus TOWTS^ OF BERLIN. 267 Foote of Jamestown, N. Y. Children : Francis Bailey, b. July 24, 1844, d. Aug, 23, 1851; Charles Stanwood, b. March 7, 1847, d. Aug, 15, 1847 Emerson Lee, b. Nov. 25, 1848; Annie Cheney, b March 10, 185 1 ; Elizabeth, b. Sept. 20, 1854, d. inf, Mary Isabella, b, July 23, 1856, d. Sept. 26, 1857 Arthur Hoyt, b. July 28, 1858; Emily Kneval, b Jan. 18, 1862. Samuel Erastus Foote d. at St. Louis July 7, 1884. Emerson Lee Foote, m. June 28, 1887, Julia C. Chase of St. Louis; res. at Sligo, Mo. Children: Francis Bailey, b. Nov. 20, 1888; Edward Chase, b. Oct. 4, 1890; John Alden, b. Sept. 2, 1892. Arthur Hoyt Foote, m., Nov. 7, 1882, Gertrude E. McGill, Northeast, Pa. ; res. at St. Louis, Mo. Children: Eleanor Bailey, b. Sept. 21, 1883; Lucy Dodds, b. Feb. 20, 1885 ; Arthur, b. Oct. 24, 1889, d. April 12, 1891; Horace Stanwood, b. Dec. 28, 1891. Annie Jean, dau. of Rev. Winthrop Bailey, m., June 5, 1843, J. Warren Fletcher of Jamestown, N. Y. Children : Francis, b. — , d. inf. ; Frank Winthrop, b. Jan. 20, 1849; Belle, b. 185 i, d. Jan. i, 1857; Charles Baile}', b. July 12, 1856; Sarah Maria, b. , d. inf.; Susan, b. , d. inf. Mrs. Fletcher d. March 3, 1872. Frank Winthrop Fletcher, m., June 15, 1872, Mary H. Buck ; res. at Minneapolis, Minn. Children : Harry Bny^ant, b. April 29, 1875; Annie Jean, b. , d. inf.; Fred Bailey, b. May 22, 1880; Bessie Stark, b. Sept. 10, 1882; Cyrus Don, b. July 14, 1885 ; Robert Buck, b. March 9, 1891. Charles Bailey Fletcher, b. July 12, 1856, m. Kate 2 68 HISTORY OF THE E. Cunningham, at Centralia, 111., Nov. 27, 1878. Children: Howard, b. Feb. 12, 1880; Annie Jean, b. Feb. 22, 1882; Florence Mabel, b. Aug. 8, 1884; Warren, b. Feb. 2, 1890. Mary Duncan, dau. of Rev. Winthrop Bailey, b. May 23, 1831, m., May 15, 1852, Knute Alfred Peter- ■son, Milwaukee, Wis. Children : Knute Duncan, b. May 6, 1854; Mary Elizabeth Kemper, b. Sept. 29, 1857; Alfreda Hallstrom, b. March 4, 1861, d. June 19, 1861 ; Helena Mabel Hallstrom, b. Feb. 26, 1863, d. Oct. 6, 1881 ; Maude Evangeline, b. Oct. 25, 1865, d. July 17, 1866; Miriam Grace Birdseye, b. Feb. i, 1 87 1. Mr. Peterson d. April 9, i876;j\Irs. Peterson d. July 20, 1886. Knute Duncan, in., April 22, 1878, Sarah Caroline Nicholson of Milwaukee. Children : Frank Alfred, b, March i, 1879, d- J^^b" -3» ^^79 '1 Harold Stuart, b. Aug. 4, 1880; Robert Duncan, b. May 15, 1888, d. April 13, 1 891; Anne Elizabeth, b. July 26, 1890; George Duncan, b. June 9, 1892. Everett H. Bailey, s. of Francis P. Bailey and Catherine Pier, was b. in Jamestown, Chautauqua •Co., N. Y., April 10, 1850. His parents moving to Erie, Penn., he received his primary schooling at the Erie Academy. In 1867 he entered Antioch College at Yellow Springs, Ohio, where he pursued his studies for three years. In July, 1 87 1 , he went to Minnesota, entering the First National Bank of St. Paul as clerk ; the following autumn went to Winona, Minn., ac- cepting with Mark Willson, formerly of Sugar Grove, Penn., a position in the newly organized Second J^^ational Bank of that city. Was appointed cashier THE OLD STONE HOUSE. (judge SAMUEL BAKER's.) TOWN OF BERLIN. 269 of that bank in 1872. In the spring of 1873, havmg sold his interest in the Winona Bank, he returned to St Paul re-entering the First National Bank of St. Paul as receiving teller; afterwards paying teller, and in May 1880, was elected a director and cashier of that institution, which position he still retains after twenty-two years of continuous service m the bank Was m., June 2, 1874, to Jennie L. Jones, dau. of Tudo-e F. A. Jones of Toledo, Ohio. Two children were born to them: a dau., d. in infancy, and a s., Frederick Hanwood Bailey, b. Oct. 31, 1880. JUDGE BAKER FAMIT>Y. Hon Samuel Baker settled on our territory when we were a part of Bolton, 1748. His pedigree ap- pears from any records at hand to be exceedingly obscure and perplexing, and but for the aid rendered by Dr H P Walcott of Cambridge, "a descendant ot Tudo-e Baker, we should be unable to clear up the mvstery of his birth and parentage. It is evident that Edward Baker, who came to this country m 1630 and settled in Saugus, now Lynn, on a hill still known as "Baker's hill," was the ancestor of our Hon. Samuel Baker, the lineage running down throuo-h son Edward^ to grandson Edward\ b. July 16 1 6^96 who was one of the first settlers of West- boro and the father of Samuel of our town. This Edward^^ m. Persis, dau. of Samuel and Elizabeth ^Howe) Brigham, Nov. 22, 1 781, and had ten children, the oldest of which was Samuel, b. Aug. 27, 1722. Samuel Baker, s. of Edward of Westboro, m., Nov. 24, 1747, Susanna Taintor, b. Dec. 18, 1720, 270 HISTORY OF THE dau. of Simeon of Westboro. In 1765 he boug-ht of John Houghton, 3d, 200 acres or more, with house in which "he liveth," situated on what since has been called "Baker's hill." The records indicate another house on the premises besides John Houghton's. He probably moved on to this place previous to 1765. His earliest record here was the birth of his dau., Persis, in 1750. He built the large two-story stone house on the premises, still in good repair. It is on the southern slope of the Wataquodock hills, and com. mands an extensive view of the surrounding country. This house was built soon after the close of the Revolutionary war, and the stones for its construc- tion were quarried on the place. The farm was sold by the heirs of Judge Baker in 1 804 to Adam Bartlett. Since Bartlett's decease it has been in the hands of Levi Bartlett and Alden wSawyer, and is now owned by J. Henry Sawyer. The record of Judge Baker's public life is honorable. Tradition tells of his hurry- ing to Lexington on the 19th of April, 1775. He is known to have been a staunch opposer of the "Shays rebellion," and was once assaulted on his way home from court by some rebel sympathizer, but this inci- dent failed to intimidate him, or dampen his zeal in the maintenance of good government. He was one of the seven delegates in the Worcester convention who voted for the adoption of the Constitution in 1789; was senator for Worcester county from 1780 to 1793, two years excepted; was one of the trustees of Leicester Academy; was judge in the Court of Common Pleas from 1775 to 1795, and was councilor at his death. Such is the record of this distinguished TOWN OF BERLIN. 27 I man, whose name has reflected more honor on the town than an}' other in its history. Had by wife, Susanna: Susanna, b. 1748, m., Nov. 3, 1774, Eli Harrington of Alstead, N. H. ; Persis, b. Feb. 16, 1750, m. Josiah Sawyer, Jr. ; Samuel, b. July 3, 1753 ; Edward, b. June 15, 1755; Abel, b. Aug. 8, 1757 ; Mary, b. May 5, 1760, m. Jabez Walcott; Betty, b. March i, 1763, m. Jabez Fairbanks; he d., she m., 2d, Eli Harrington, her deceased sister's husband ; he d., she m., 3d, Thurston of Fitchburg; he d., and lastly she m. Dea. Isaac Davis of Northboro; she survived him and d. at the age of 87, and was buried in Northboro. Susanna, wife of Judge Baker, d. April 14, 1781. He m., 2d, April 20, 1786, Mary Bigelow of Worces- ter ; what her maiden name was does not appear ; she had a s., Augustus Bigelow. Jr., who lived on the Sanderson Carter place ; had no children by last wife ; she survived him and d. in Worcester 1825. Judge Baker d. May 4. 1795. and was buried in the old Cemetery here in Berlin beside his first wife. The inscription on the headstone reads: Erected in memory of Samuel Baker, Esq., who departed this life May 4, 1795, in the 73d year of his age. A more enduring monument and one worthy of his name should be erected to perpetuate his memory. Lieut. Samuel Baker, Jr., s. of Judge Baker, m. Hannah Bush of Bolton May 25, 1778. He lived in this vicinity until about 1807, when the family moved 272 HISTORY OF THE toTempleton, wherehe d. Jime2 2, 1825. Had eleven children, b. from 1781 to 1801, namely: Samuel, Susanna, Artemas, Eli, Joseph, Levi, Jonas, Calvin, Luther, Hannah, Oliver and Otis. The two last were graduates of Yale College, in 1829 and 1831 re- spectively; both d. 1834. Edward Baker, s. of Judge Samuel, m. Hephzibah Fairbanks Oct. 13, 1778. He lived in Bolton until after his father's decease, when he removed to Waterford, Me. Had seven children, b. from 1781 to 1 796, namely^: Sally, Luke, Keria, Edward, Hepsy, Persis and Betsy. Abel Baker, the other s. of the judge, m. Polly, dau. of Phineas Howe, Feb. 19, 1784. They resided in Bolton until about 1789, when the family removed to Concord, N. H. ; before removal had four children, namely: Polly, Betsey, John and Marshall; after removal had seven children, as we learn from Con- cord records, namely : Abel, P.arna, Achsah, Susan, Samuel, Sophia, Clarissa. This Abel, Jr., s. of Abel and Polly (Howe) Baker, settled in Henniker, N. H., and w^as the father of Nathaniel B. Baker, who was governor of New Hampshire in 1856, and was adju- tant general of Iowa during the late war. He removed from New Hampshire to Clinton, Iowa, and d. in Des Moines Sept. 13, 1876. It appears from Barton's "History of Concord" that Abel, Sr., had a saw and grist mill, and the saw-mill was the first in Concord; that his w^ife was indeed a "helpmate;" that she handled the grists while he tended the saw- mill ; could carry three bushels of corn in one bag. (See Phineas How^e.) TOWN OF BKRI.IN. 273 Mary Baker, dau. of Judge vSamuel Baker, m. Jabez Walcott 1781. Had several children, of whom Samuel Baker Walcott was the seventh, b. March 7, 1 795 ; he graduated at Harvard College in 1 8 19 ; filled many offices of responsibility ; was a lawyer by pro- fession; res., Salem; he d. Dec. 4, 1854. His wife was Martha, dau. of Hon. Benjamin Pickman, a prominent citizen of §alem. Of his children, Dr. H. P. Walcott of Cambridge was the fifth, b. Dec. 23,1838; graduated at Harvard College in 1858; studied medicine ; spent several years abroad in the prosecution of his studies ; has been chairman of the Mass. State Board of Health since 1886; was previ- ously a member of the State Board of Health, Lunacv and Charity, from 1880 to 1884; has been president of the Association of the Local Boards of Health; was the orator of the Mass. Medical Society in 1879; delivered the address on medicine at Yale College in 1893 ; also an address at the opening of the Hygienic Institute of the University of Pennsylvania in 1892; has been one of the Board of Overseers of Harvard Col- lege, and is now one of the Board of Presidents and Fellows of that institution and a member of the American Academy of Arts and vSciences and also of the ]Mass. Historical Society, and for three years he was president of the Mass. Horticultural Society. A bjother of his. Gen. Charles F, Walcott of Cambridge, b. Dec. 22, 1836, graduated at Harvard College in 1857; studied law; entered the army on the breaking out of the war; was captain in the 21st Regt., Mass. Vols., and was promoted to lieutenant colonel and colonel of the 6ist Regt., and finally was made a brigadier general, having achieved a most honorable 2 74 HISTORY OF J'HE distinction while in the service. He d., prematurely, it would seem, in 1887, at the age of 51 years. The above record of these distinguished men is sufficient of itself to show the high character and ability of the descendants of one who was born and matured on Berlin soil. Bcnjaviin Baker, from Gloucester, R. I., m., 2d wife, Dinah Wheeler, May 4, 1787. He was a black- smith; he owned and lived on the present Farwell farm ; first in an old house somewhat back of the present one; he sold to Stephen Wheeler, his son-in- law, and bought of Joseph Howe in 1790 "the place on which Howe now lives;" sold this to Moses Coolidge ; the old cellar on the north edge of Gates' pond marks the house spot; Coolidge sold to Joel Fosgate in 1795 ; Baker lived last on the Ira Brown farm, bought of Benjamin Bruce. Had children, b. from 1758 to 1774: Jonathan; Miriam, m. Stephen Wheeler; Dinah, m. Ephraim Larkin ; Eliza- beth; Stephen; Hulda; Hannah, m. James Rich; Esther, m. William Faulkner; Amity, m. vStephen Wheeler. JonatJiaii Baker, s. of Benjamin, m. Thankful Wheeler. Had Anna, b. May 13, 1789, m. David Wheeler of Bolton 1808, father to our David B. Wheeler. Wife, Thankful, d. He m., 2d, July 18, 1792, Mary, dau. of Benjamin Bruce. They had Dinah, b. May 11, 1793. He d. April 7, 1798. Jonathan Baker is our Quaker victim of persecution a hundred years after the Salem and Boston suf- ferers. TOWN OF BERtlN. 275 Stephen Baker, s. of Bejamin, m. Katy Brown 1795, both of Berlin. He settled on the homestead of his father, the Brown farm, 181 5. No other record. BALL. Micali R. Ball, s. of Elijah of Boylston, m. Sarah Lincoln of the Hingham family. In early life Mr. Ball learned the saddlers' trade of Amasa Holt, who lived on what was formerly the E. C. Shattuck place ; was here 1 804-7 : '^^ moved to Leominster, but re- turned and built the house owned afterwards by Dr. E. Hartshorn in 1834; two infant children d. here. Dau., Relief, m. Charles Woodbury of Boston; she d. in 1880; William L. of Louisville was killed in the Mexican war; Sarah m. Obed Rice, lives in Hud- son; Nancy M., m. Milton Thorn of Salem, N. H., where she d. ; George S., m. Hannah B. Nourse of Bolton; he has been pastor of the Unitarian Church in Upton since 1849; they have had seven children. Mark, bro. to George S., d. in Harrisville, N. Y. Alvin Ball, s. of Nathan of Northboro, lived in the Hartwell house in the west part; d. here March 16, 1870, a. 69. BARBER. Nathan Barber, probably a s. of Mathew of Shrews- bury and a descendant of Joseph of Watertown, bought the mills at the west part, lately owned by Henry O. Felton, of William Pollard in 1777; this William bought of his brother, John Pollard, in 276 HISTORY OF THE 1756; his purchase included "the mill place" and a saw-mill. John had bought the mill of John Butler, and his house was back of the house where George Felton now lives. The "Barber house," which stood opposite Levi Babcock's, was built by William Pollard in 1760. The first mill, built by Butler was some distance up the stream, and a long bridge spanned the stream where the road now runs. He m. Mar- garet in 1766. Had Lucy, b. May 28, 1788; she m. Nathan Rice of Northboro; their s., Dennis, m. Laura, dau, of Amasa Holt of Berlin ; their only s., John Rice, is professor of mathematics in the U. S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md. Had other children; some went to Maine and some to Marlboro, N. H. ; his name appears last on the tax list of 1 8 1 1 . BARKER. Tilson W. Barker, from Bethel, Me., b. Sept. 27, 1 8 18; came to town in 1854; m. Catherine, dau. of Lyman Howe of Marlboro ; was a blacksmith ; lived where John Q. ]\Iaynard now resides; had a shop near by; he removed to Bolton. Had George D., b. in 1849, d. in 1855; Alanson W., b. Sept. 27, 1851 ; Ella G., b. Sept. 23, 1854; Herbert D., b. Aug. 15, 1859. Wife d. Dec. 24, 1885, a. 60 yrs. BARNES. Fortimatus Barms, the first of the name here, was a descendant of Thomas Barnes, who came over in the Speedwell in 1656 and settled in Marlboro. Abigail Goodnow came with him from England, and TOWN (»F HF.RLIX. 277 she became his wife a year later. The records do not sav whether they made love on the way. The line of descent is through John and Jonathan to Fortunattis, great grandson of Thomas. (A sister of Fortunatus m. Solomon Bowker, who once owned the Joseph Priest place.) Tradition holds that Mr. Barnes held a claim on our Phineas Howe estate, on which cattle were kept and fed in racks on "Rack meadow." (He bought eighty acres of the Howe farm, eighty acres of the Lancaster proprietors and 119 acre'^s of John Hudson, and some more of John Fry.) This extensive ownership determined the name of -Barnes hill." vSouth of the present home- stead was an old house occupied by the Goodnows. Daniel Goodnow's tax was abated in 1787. Further on up the hill lived a Dafford family and also a Foster familv. I«)bn Hudson was on top of the hill (he was grandfather of Hon. Charles Hudson). The Barnes purchase included the most of these. "Barnes hill" gives a view of Wachusett seldom equaled. The centennial of the homestead was impressively observed in 1 866. A generous collation was prepared by the family under the beautiful arbor of maples which adorn the home and the town. Hon. Charles Hudson made an interesting address. Many senti- ments were offered and responded to by citizens and guests. These maples were planted by Artemas Barnes. Fortunatus Barnes, s. of Jonathan of Marlboro, b. Sept. 25, 1738, m. Persis Hosmer of Concord Oct. 18 1764; settled on Barnes hill. Had David, b. Aug. 27, 1765; Lydia.b. July 20, 1767, m. Amherst Bailev; Hannah, b. June 20, 1770, ni. Ephraim HISTORY OF THE Howe; William, b. April 5, 1773; Persis, b. May 5, 1779, m. Silas Priest; m., 2d, Peltiah Jones. He d. Nov. 9, 1807; vvid. d. Sept. 16, 1821. Capt. William BaniL's\ Fortunatus', m. Hannah Goddard, dau. of James, Sr., May 28, 1795. He occupied a part of the homestead where his dau., vSarah, has since lived ; he built the house now stand- ing on the premises. The place now, 1894, is in possession of William H. Brown. Had Artemas, b. June 7, 1796; Betsey, b. Dec. 20, 1798, m. Josiah Cotting; Hannah, b. Sept. 18, 1801, d. Jan. 8, 1864, unm. ; Lucy, b. Jan. 20, 1804, m. Lowell Holbrook of Northboro, 1838; vSarah, b. May 5, 1808, retained the homestead, unm., d. Oct. 3, 1894, at 86; Martha W.,b. April II, 181 1, d. Aug. i, 18 14. Had. Oct. 24, 1853; wid. d. Jan. 6, 1863, at 89; Mrs. Cotting d. at the homestead Jan. 28, 1883. David Barnes", Fortunatus', m. Asenath Moore May 4, 1 790. He lived on a part of the homestead, the same now owned by George H. Barnes ; built the old red house now standing on the premises. Had Welcome, b. Aug, 15, 1793 ; Daniel, b. Jan. 24, 1795; David, b. Dec. 25, 1800, m. vSubmit Willard of Boylston, res. in Barre; Asenath, b. vSept. 13, 1802, m. Jonathan Fawcett of Northboro; John, b. Oct. II, 1805, m. Patience Harlow of Shrewsbury. He d. May 9, 1837; she d. May .26, 1847. Welcome Barnes', David", Fortunatus', m. Hannah Jewett, dau. of Jesse. He lived on the place now owned by Alfred C. Derby ; built the brick house now on the premises. Had no children; he d. THOMAS C. BERRY'S HOUSE. GEORGE H. BARNES' HOUSE. TOWN OF BERLIN. 279 Nov 9, 1830; she m., 2d, Luke Wliitcomb of Bolton, who occupied the homestead several years. Luke s dau., Mary, m. John B. Gough. Daniel Barnei, David\ T^ortunatus', m. Betsey Lono-lev of Bovlston June 13, 182 1. He remained on the homestead of his father. Had Mary Sophia, b. June i-y 1 822, m. Oliver Carter; Caroline E., b. Aug. "16 18-3 m. Levi L. Flagg of Boylston; Israel L., b. May 19, 1825; Angenette, b. Dec. 10, 1826, m. Levi Brigham of Boylston; James \\., b. July i, ,830 d Dec. 28, 1830; Rhoena, b. Oct. 21, 1828, m. Charles Whitcomb of Bolton; George Henry, b. Dec. 18 1831 ; Harriet J., b. Aug. 10, 1833, m. Samuel H. Hastings, res., Worcester; James W.,b. May 15, i835, d 1840; Asenath,b. July2 5,i839,ni.JohnF.Bartlett, res Bovlston; Martha, b. March 30, 1837; D^vid, b. Oct'. 19,' 1843, m. ^liranda Parker, res., Shrewsbury; child, Daniel Webster, b. June 6, 1841, d. May 21, 1848. He d. Nov. 6, 1854; wid. d. Sept. 13, 1881, at 82 ; she left more than seventy descendants. Israel L. Barncs\ Daniel', David\ Fortunatus', m. Mrs Maria Bates, wid. of Clarendon of Sutton ; res. on the Ruggles place in the east part of Boylston. Had Bessie M., b. March 9, 1870; Charles I., b. Nov. 23, 1871 ; Daniel H., b. Feb. 22, 1875. Gcoroc H. Barncs\ Daniel', David\ Fortunatus", b. Sept ^9 1832; m. Eliza Batcheller May >i, 1859, dau of Simeon of Upton. He continues on the homestead of his father ; built the elegant new house now on the premises. Had Mary Imogene, b. Oct. .6 i860, d. Dec. 10, 1874; John Henry, b. April 26, 2SO HISIORV OF THE 1864; Lucy vSopliia, b. Nov. 18, 1865 ; George Daniel, b. Dec. 25, 1868. Mcllcii Barnes, b. in Marlboro Oct., 1809; moved here from Boylston Oct., 1888; m. Eliza R. McNeil. Had Laura A., b. April 20, 1835 I Ellen M., b. Aiv^-. 14, 1839; Harriet A., b. Aug. 19, 1841; Eliza J., 1 . May 28, 1843 ; Sarah A., b. March 3, 1849; Mary vS., b. April 8, 1857, m. Elmer E. Allen. He d. Jul\- 26, 1892; wife d. Nov. 27, 1892. Artcnias Banns, s. of William, m., April 15, 1822, Nancy Merriam of Leominster. Born: Martha Washington, Jan. 29, 1823, m., May 6, 1858, George A. Chamberlain of Worcester; Wil- liam Merriam, Jan. 3, 1825; Betsey Maria, Aug-. 25, 1826, m., Ma3% 1848, John C. Tabor of Mont- pelier, Vt. ; she d. Jan. i, 1883; Nancy Jane, Feb. 14, 1828, m.. May 5, 1850, William H. Brown of Princeton; she d. May 26, 1854; vSarah Ellen, April 15, 1832, m., Oct. 17, 1861, William H. Brown. Wife, Nancy, d. July 16, 1832. He m., 2d, Alice Stetson of Boston Sept. 3, 1835, she d. Nov. 16, 1849, i^ Princeton. He d. in Worcester Feb. 2, 1877, aged 80. Mr. Barnes, though much away from Berlin, was a most hearty townsman, earnest in its religious, social and financial welfare. Personally he was a devoted New Churchman. He gave the land for .the Town House. Erected, at generous ex- pense, the beautiful monuments commemorative of Rev. Dr. Puffer and of Lieut. Timothy Bailey. "Barnes hall" is commemorative of his naine and generosity. His portrait adorns our Town hall. TOWN OF BERLIN. 28 I Capt. Williaui M. Barnes, s. of Artemas, was a sea cap- tain ; never resided here, but we counted him as of us. His active life is indicated above. He was more than thirty-five years on ocean voyages, and much of the time in command. vSailed mostly from New Bedford in the oil trade. He m. Emilv F. Cummino-s of Nashua and was there settled. They have Anna F. Barnes. He d. in Nashua, N. H., March 8, 1887. A TRIBUTE TO THE MEMORY OF CAPF. WILLIAM M. BARNES [Taken from a Nashua Paper.] Capt. William M. Barnes, for eight years past a resident of this city, died at home on Walnut street at four o'clock this morning. The deceased was a man of so rare and deserving qualities as to merit more than a passing notice. He was born in Lancaster, Mass., on the third of January, 1825. His father was an intelligent farmer of Puritan ancestry. Capt. Barnes in early boyhood manifested the industrious and scholarly habits which marked his maturer years, ranking at Leicester Academy at the head of his class. The day he became of age he left New Bedford and began a voyage of three years before the mast on an Arctic whaleship. Gradually gaining the confidence of his employers, he advanced step by step till he became com- mander — a position he held for more than twenty-five years. His voyages were uniformly successful, and his services were always in demand. It is remarkable that during his long experience as commander no one of his crew was lost by acci- dent or disease. He was familiar with most of the islands of the central and northern Pacific, had sailed through Behring straits more than thirty times, and coasted along the Arctic shore of Alaska beyond Point Barrows. By constant study on shipboard, he had acquired an extensive and accurate knowl- edge of history and of almost every department of science and literature. 282 HISTORY OF THE All who have ever known Capt. Barnes will bear witness to the kindness of his heart and the generosity of his nature. It is no exaggeration to say that no thoughtless act or word of his ever caused a moment's pain to others. His courtesy and sympathy were as spontaneous as the pulsations of his heart. In April, 1875, he married Emily F., daughter of R.M.Cummings- of this city. More recently he had passed several years in this city and at his summer home at Asquam lake. One year ago he took command of a whaleship at San Francisco, and made the customary voyage to the Arctic ocean. He returned to this city on the 24th of last November. During this voyage he suffered much from illness. On reaching home he failed rapidly from a fatal disease of the heart. During the past few weeks his sufferings were intense ; his mind was unclouded to the last. His tender affection for his family — his wife and only child, a daughter of ten years — was unbounded, and his lingering thoughts were for their welfare. He passed quietly away. Two sisters survive him : Mrs. Chamberlin of Worces- ter, who was with him in his last hours, and Mrs. Brown of Berlin, Mass. BARNARD. Robert Barnard of Andover bought in 1723, of Jeremiah Barstow, son-in-law of Joseph Howe, 350 acres, including most of the present centre of Hud- son, dwelling house, housings, corn mill, orcharding, fencing, etc. The purchase was bounded on several sides by "common land ;" the house was on the site of Col. Wood's residence. Mrs. Ephraim Babcock was of this Barnard family. Elizabeth Barnard, dau. of Robert, m. Paul Brigham of Marlboro, and was the mother of our Thomas Brigham, Sr. ; she m., 2d, Col. Silas Bailey; Robert m., 1729, Elizabeth Bailey, wid. of Benjamin, Sr. TOWN OF BERLIN. 283, John Barnard, probably a grandson of Robert, had as., John, b. 1760: this John, Jr., m. the wid. of Lieut. Timothy Bailey, and had a dau., Sally, who m. Timothy Jones. Another s. of this first named John, named Josiah, was the father of Oliver and Lewis H. His wife was Kate Wilder of Lancaster, m. June 20, 1800. Had Oliver, b. July 3, 1805; Lewis H., b. March 28, 18 17. He d. Dec. 23, 1831 ; wid., Kate, d. Nov. 28, 1825. Josiah lived in the Centre at the corner house of the Clinton road in 1808. Oliver Barnard, s. of Josiah, m. Mary Ball. Had Sarah H., b. July 5, 1830; Anna E., b. July 28, 1834; Lewis G., b. Aug. 23, 1836; Charles F., b. Oct. 27, 1838; George H.,b. Oct. 5, 1830, d. 1832; Mary J., b. Oct. 17, 1 83 1, d. July 2, 1842. He d. Oct. 22, 1840. The family moved to Westboro. Lcivis H. Barnard, bro. of Oliver, m. Hannah Carter, dau. of Luther. He lived in the Fuller house ; also' Josiah Moore's, in Carterville. Had Henry H. Lewis H. d. June 19, 1851 ; wife d. May 16, 185 1. Henry H. Barnard, s. of Lewis H., m. Lucy Hapgood,. dau. of Gilman Hapgood of Hudson. Has been largely engaged in the hotel business, was proprie- tor of the Mansion House, Greenfield, also had charge of the hotel at Lake Pleasant, Montague. Is now in California. Winsor Barnard, b. in Berlin Dec. 15, 1789' "i. Phebe Severy of Sutton. He settled in Boylston. Had eleven children, four of whom are now residents- of this town : Benajah, Mrs. E. H. Lawrence, Mrs„ .284 HISIOKV OF I'HE vS. E. Andrews and Mrs. Annise Lee, wid. of Albeit. :and before wid. of George Tracy. He d. Oct. 29, 1861. Bciiajah Barnard, b. Nov. 15, 1817, s. of Winsor, m. Eliza A. Pratt of Sterling June 23, 1846. Came to Berlin 1891 ; lives in Carterville; was truckman in Worcester. Had George AV., b. Jan. 23, 1848, d. March 20, 1848; Hattie E., b. May 10, 1856, d. June 29, 1873. HAKTLETT. All persons in this country named Bartlett are without doubt of Norman ancestry. There is a large estate at vStopham, Sussex, England, consisting of about 8,000 acres, which has been in possession of the Bartletts for hundreds of years. From junior members of this family came the first settlers on these American shores. The ancestral mansion was built in 1 309, and is of stone. Near it stands the old- Norman Church built in the 13th centur}-, and on the stone floor along the aisles of the church are marble slabs with inset figures of brass, showing a regular succession of Bartletts. The first of the family was Adam, an esquire and knight, and came into England with AVilliam the Conqueror. Both were granted lands. The origin of the name is un- known; being at such a remote period would vseem to prevent an intelligent supposition of its origin. Jcviatlian Bartlett of Northboro, s. of Daniel and grandson of Henry of Marlboro, was the ancestor of the Bartletts of our town. He was b. Jan. 26, 1725. His wife was Marv . They had, besides TOWN OF BERLIN. -^85- other children, Adam, b. July 27, 17 54, who became- the head of the Berlin families and was a soldier m the war of the Revolution. Adam Barilctt, s. of Jonathan of Northboro, m May 28, 1792, Persis, dau. of Jonas Babcock of" Northboro. He lived at first on the Joseph Priest place in 1790. In 1804 he bought the judge Samuel Baker farm (the stone house), where he lived the remainder of his life. Had Seraph, b. Oct 8 1792, m. Rufus Sawyer; Harriet, b. Jan. 21, 1794 d 1847, unm. ; John, b. March 4, 1796; Daniel, b \ov u, 1797: Levi, b. Aug. i, 1799; Persis, b. Auo- 1801, m., Oct. 28, 1830, Parker Howe of Boyl- ston' Miriam, b. Nov. 26, 1804, m., April 19, 1831, lotham Holt of Trov, N. H. ; Mary, b. Jan. 10, 1806, m April 1 5. 1834, Lewis H. Johnson; Jonathan, b.. ^uo 7 18 10, res., Charlestown; William, b. March 13, 181 3, m., 1838, Hannah, dau. of Wil- liam Ball of Bolton, res.. West Troy, N. \ . ; enlisted past age with his three sons m the ..rmy He d. on return after two years' service m 1864. Adam d. July 22, 1828. Persis, wid., d. June iS, 1 86 1, at 88. Persis Howe d. Oct. 18, 1880. John Bartlctt, s. of Adam, m. ^lary, dau. of Daniel Carter April 19,1821. He settled on the place now owned bv Mr. Carville; later removed to Carterville m the house latelv of Albert Babcock; was a stone mason; he was killed by being thrown from a wagon while descending a hill west of George H. Barnes Tulv 6, 1864. Mary, wid., d. Jan. 5, 1878. Had AmorvAdam, b. April 17, 1822 ; John F., b. April 18. 18^30, m. Asenath, dau. of Daniel Barnes, res.,, Bovlston. He d. 1895. 12 86 HISTORY OF THE Daniel Bartlctt, s. of Adam, m. Zilpah, dau. of Sanderson Carter, Nov. 21, 18 19. Resettled on the place now owned by Silas Mills. Had Zilpah M., b. , m. Hartwell Sawyer. Daniel, d. April 10, 1869. Zilpah, wid., d. July 11, 1882. Levi Bart Ictt, s. of Adam, m., 1842, Betsey, wid. of Peter Babcock, res., the stone house. Her children by Peter were : Wheeler and Hephzibah. vShe d. Feb. 17, 1854; hed. Aug. 22, 1875. Hephzibah, m. Thayer Hastings of Hudson, where they reside. JonatJian Bartlctt,'' Adam^ Jonathan' m. Mary E. Seaward Apr. 24, 1834. Six children born, one now living — Susan E. of Charlestown. Held office in Charlestown Artillery from 1844 to 185 1 inclusive, last two years being captain. When about 1 6 years of age, 1826, joined Bolton Rifles, doing military duty till 1 85 1. Also was one of three men to fire first salute from top of Bunker Hill monument, con- cussion being so great as to deprive him of his hearing, and from that time being quite deaf through life. He d. Mar., 1890; wife d. July, 1887. Auwry Adam Bart left, s. of John, m. Sarah Jane, dau. of Ira Sawyer, res. in Berlin Centre, house west of the Orthodox Church ; was a shoe manufacturer ; is now largely engaged in care of the sick. Wife, vSarah Jane, d. Oct. 6, 1 887. Had Charles A., b. April 9, 1 846, res., Detroit, Mich.; Lewis M., b. March 31, 1857, d. July 1 1, 1859; Lester M., b. Aug. 4, i860, m.. May I, 1889, Nettie Louise, dau. of Langdon P. Spooner of Natick ; he is a musician; res., Boston. John Francis Bartlett, s. of John, m. Asenath M. Barnes, dau. of Daniel, Nov. 9, 1859; res., Boylston; A. A. BARTLETT. TOWN OF BERLIN. 287 occupation, a farmer. Had Frank, b. Sept. 13, i860, m. Bertha A. Burnham ; Julia A., b. July 18, 1865, m. Charles E. Cutter; Solon, b. April 13, 1867, graduated from Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1889, became a teacher at Lawranceville Academy, N. J., d. there Feb. 25, 1891 ; John Forrest, b. Apr. 12, 1869, graduated at the aforenamed institute, 1892, now holds a position in the patent office at Washington, D. C; Nancie B., b. Aug. 29, 1871, is a trained nurse ; Welcome, b. Aug. 18, 1874, a farmer ; Chester A., b. Sept 2"] , 1880. Four children d. in infancy. John Francis d. Feb., 1895. Wiliiaui Bartlctt, from Alstead, N. H., m. Betsey Ball of Bolton ; he settled in the northwest part of the town, near the Bolton station, the place lately occupied by his son-in-law, Samuel J. Moore. Had Elizabeth, m. S. J. Moore; Jonathan, m. Sarah Bowers; William, b. 1820, d. unm., Oct. 9, 1850. W^ife, Betsey, d. He m., Aug. 9, 1828, Sally B. Lyndes of Boston. Had by Sally, Henry W., b. May 25, 1829; Salucia A., b. May 13, 1831, m. David Florence; she d. June 2, 1857; George A., b. July 2. 1835, m. Mary Hoffman, m., 2d, Leora Parmenter; vSarah M., b. March 17, 1839, m. George Seaver; he d., she m., 2d, Oliver P. Wlieeler; Joseph F., b. Oct. 8, 1842, a jeweler in Clinton, m. Julia Ladd; Ezra K., b. July 30, 1845, was a soldier in the late war, d. Oct. 10, 1864, at Indianapolis, Ind. ; Lewis W., b. June 21, 185 I, m. Jenny Harris, and lives in Holden. William Bartlett, d. Jan. 4, 1874. at 80; wife, vSarah. d. vSept. 13, 1863; death of Betsey not on record. HISTORY OP^ THE BARTER. Kn'. Jauii's IV. Barter, b. Aug. 30, 1858, from St. George, Me., 111. Carrie L, Gleason of Heath, Mass., Aug. 30, 1883 ; educated at Kemp's Hill Academy; ordained minister in Methodist Church 1887; came to town 1889. Had Maud A., b. Aug. 28, 1885; Lila May, b. May 5, 1890, d. April 22, 1891 ; Clifford H., b. Dec. II, 1891 ; Marion S., Sept. 12, 1893. BASSETT. Daniel Basse//, the father of the two families of the name here, was a s. of William of Uxbridge and a descendant of William Bassett, who settled in Lynn about 1640. Daniel was b. in Uxbridge Dec. 19, 1784; removed with his father to Richmond, N. H., when he was nine years old ; was a tanner and currier and carried on that business about thirty years ; had three sons who grew up and had families, viz.: Elisha, b. March 11, 181 1; Ahaz, b. Oct. 26, 181 2; William, b. Oct. 5, 18 19. He with his wife, vSusanna, came to Berlin in 1856 and lived with his s., Elisha; he d. Sept. 18, 1861, at yy yrs. ; she d. Feb. 8, 1862, aged 75 ; they were members of the Society of Friends. ElisJia Basse//, s. of Daniel, came from Richmond, N. H., and settled on the Dea. Job Spofford farm May, 1856; m., ist, Olive B. Stewart 1843, who d. March 18, 1845; m., 2d, Mrs. Maria L. Howland, dau. of Job Whitcomb of vSwanzey, N. H., Nov. 27, 1847; she had by former husband, Ellen M. Howland, who m. George E. Maynard. He had by Olive B. one child, Olive S., b. March 7, 1845; by Maria L., had Daniel H., b. July 9, 1849; Pliny E., b. May 29, DANIEL H. BASSETT. TOWN OF BERLIN. 289 1853, and Anna S., b. in Berlin June 28, 1856, m, James D. Tyler. William Basset t, s. of Daniel, m. Patience, dau. of Moses Tyler of Richmond, N. H., Dec. 13, 1846; carried on the tanning and currying business there until 1852, when he removed to Worcester, where he was engaged in trade until he removed to Berlin in 1857; he bought the Col. Joseph Parks place and lived there twenty-eight years ; removed to Carter- ville in 1885 on the place where A. Barnard now lives, and in 1891 took up his res. in the house built by Rev. Henry Adams in the Centre. Wife, Patience, d. June 13, 1880, aged 60 yrs. Had by her, Mary A., b. July 21, 1848; Laura E., b. Sept. i, 1850, d. Nov. 10, 1852; Julia Ida, b. Oct. 26, 1854, m. Charles M. vSawyer; Florence M., b. April i, 1858 ; Helen E., b. Feb. 17, i860, m. Edward F. Fletcher of Worcester, d. Dec. 16, 1894. Daniel H. Bassctt, s. of Elisha, m. Susan E., dau. of Winslow B. Morse, May i, 1883 ; he remained on the homestead with his father, but d. in early man- hood Jan. 19, 1886, Had by wSusan E., Eugenia L., b. Dec. 12, 1883; Fred EHsha, b. April 9, 1885. Pliny E. Bassett, s. of Elisha, m. Helen Morse of Framingham ; has been engaged in the shoe busi- ness ; was clerk for Boyd & Corey a number of years, and later manufactured shoes in Brockton, where he now res. ; no children. BENNETT. JoJin F. Bcntiett, b. May 7, 1829, s. of Simeon and grandson of Asa Bennett of Boylston. Asa was a large land owner at one time in the vicinity of Saw- 20 290 HISTORY OF THE yer's mills; Asa was of one branch of the Lancaster Bennetts and a son of Josiali; John F. came here in 1854, and has worked in various shoe shops; he lives in a house in the Centre, fronting- the Common, opposite the iSIethodist Church ; m. Caroline L. Lovell May 5, 1858; she was b. June 14, 1835. Had Alfaretta F., b. March 27, 1861 ; Carolyn L., b. Oct. 6, 1867, m. David C. Hastings Nov. 19, 1890. AVife, Caroline, d. Nov. 15, 1891. i;exwav. John Bcincay, a native of Canada, b. April i, 1861, lives in the east part at the Four Corners, near the George Brigham place. Had George, Henry and Mary, ages respectively 5, 3, 2. BERRV. Thovias C. Berry, b. 1835; came from Poland, Me., 1852; m. Alvina vS., dau. of William W. Wheeler, May 16, i860, res. on Wheeler hill, in house built by John Wheeler ; is a shoemaker arid farmer. Had L. Ada., b. Jan. 16, 1861 ; Lulu Ann, twin sister, d. Jan. 17, 1861; Lester E., b. Jan. 15, 1863; Adelia L., b. Dec. I, 1870; Cora A., b. July 7, 1879. BICKFORI). John C. Bickford, s. of Richard of Alton, N. H., b. Aug. 17, 1836. m. vSarah M., dau. of Adrian Hebard of Sturbridge, Jan. 16, 1865; came to town in 1868; belonged to the firm of Bickford, Klenart & Co. ; was foreman with the Parkers till the shop was burned in 1882 ; since has been in business in Worcester; res.. JOHN C. BICKFORD. TOWX OF BERLIN. 29 1 still here ; was representative to the General Court in 1875. Had Ernest A., b. Nov. 23, 1872; m. Alice B. Grossman June 5, 1895. Wife, Sarah M., d. Feb. 2, 1890. Charles J. Bickford, bro. of the above, b. Nov. 24, 1838, m. Jennie Blake of Marlboro. Had Lillian F., b. Feb. 20, 1871 ; Charles J., b. June i, 1872; Harry A., b. July 12, 1874; Herbert F., b. July 28, 1875. He d. Julv, 1892 ; he was a soldier in the late war, of Co. F, 7th N. H. ; was six months in Libby and Andersonville prisons; went in with 114 men; came out with fourteen. They were divorced ; he m. ai^^ain, and lived in Worcester at the time of his death. She m., 2d, Abel Howe of Marlboro. BIGELOW. Most of the Bigelow name who have resided here were descendants of John Bigelow, who settled in Marlboro about 1695, whose wife was Jeru.sha Gar- field of that town, m. June 12, 1696, and was grand- son of the John Bigelow who settled in Watertown about 1640. He was the John Bigelow who was taken captive by the Indians at Lancaster, together with Thomas and Elias vSawyer, and conveyed to Canada in 1705. (For particulars of this captivity see Thomas Sawyer.) Christopher Banister Bigchnv*, Ivory', Gershom', John', of Marlboro, m. Rhoda, dau. of Joseph Gleason of Marlboro. He settled on a farm in the east part of Berlin, near the Moses Dudley place; the build- ings are now mostly gone. He d. April 7, 1830, aged 65 ; she d. Aug. 7, 1850, aged 84. Had Betsey, b. Jan. 21, 1786; Lucy, b. March 10, 1788, m. Luther 292 HISTORY OF THE Carter; Sarah, b. Feb. 12, 1791, m. Thomas Sawver; Mary, b. July 26, 1794, m. Ephraim Goddard, cL 1 816; Aaron, b. April 29, 1796; Sophia, b. April 5, 1798, m. Ephraim Goddard; Francis, b. Alarch 24, 1800; Persis, b. ]\Iarch 22, 1802, m. Ira Hapgood of Marlboro; Joel, b. Feb. 26, 1804; Abram, b. June 8, 1806; Ira, b. May 22, 1808; Horace, b. Nov. 29, 1810. Boijaviiii Bigcloii\ bro. of Christopher Banister, lived on the Moses Dudley place; d. in 1829. Abram Bigcloic'', Christopher B\, Ivory", Ger- shom", John', m. Eliza, dau. of Jonas Sawyer, s. of Silas, Jan. 24, 1830; he lived on Sawyer hill on the place now owned and occupied by Jonas Sawver until about i860, when he removed to Northboro with his s., Jonas wS., with whom he and his wnfe lived some years; they now res. with s., Franklin E. Had Mary Eusebia, b. March 10, 1831, d. May 7, 1834; Jonas S., b. Dec. 26, 1833; Franklin E., b. Feb. 29, 1836; Joseph Abraham, b. Nov. 13, 1838, d. Aug. 13, 1863. Jonas S. Bigcloiu\ Abram", Christopher B.,' Ivory", Gershom', John", m. Cleora M., dau. of Joseph P'lagg, res. near Wood's factory in Northboro. Franklin E. Bigclow\ Abram', Christopher B\, Ivory", Gershom", John\ m. Lucilla A. Loomis vSept, 15, 1859, 3. sister to Mrs. Edward Flagg; removed to Northboro, where he still res. ,Wife d. June 7, 1874, aged 32, and also child Nellie d. in 1870, six mos. old. TOWN OF BERLIN. 293 Horace Bigclinv\ Christopher B\, Ivory", Gershom', John', m. Almina, dau. of Rufus Sawyer, Oct. 5, 1834; he lived near the Centre school-house on the Boylston road ; was a cooper by trade. Had Lucinda, b. Oct. 29, 1 84 1, m. wSamuel vStratton of Grafton; Edwin J., b. Dec. 8, 1844, was three years in the army, was killed in front of Petersburg April 2, 1865 ; Eleanor S., b. June 10, 1850, m. Nelson Bruso and had one child, Edwin Bigelow; Eleanor, d. Jan. 7, 1873. Horace d. Nov. 30, 1888; Almina d. Apr. 25, 1890. Elijah Bigclozv, m. Sarah, dau. of Amorv Carter, and wid. of Jonas Hale ; he formerly lived on the place now owned by Alonzo F. Green ; was a shoe- maker and farmer. vShe d. June 24, 1885. Augustus Bigi'lcn^', with wife from Worcester, were on the Sanderson Carter place in 1790- 1800; he was s. of Judge Baker's 2d wife and of no known connec- tion with the Marlboro Bigelows. Had Mary, vSalh', Augusti:s, Job and James ; no other record. Augustus Bigcloic, Jr., m. Hannah, dau. of Samuel vSpofford (s. of Job), Alarch i, 1798; she d. and he m., 2d, Lydia Bride. Had by Hannah seven children. What became of the familv does not appear. Levi Bigiiozv, Jr., Esq., s. of Levi Bigelow, Esq., of Marlboro, whose pedigree runs back through Ger- shom, Ivory and Gershom, to John Bigelow of Marlboro, of Indian captivity fame, m. Abigail, dau. of Ephraim Hastings, Feb. 4, 1846; he bought the Dea. Job Spofford farm, the place now owned by Elisha Bassett; removed to Marlboro in 1856, and there d. May 5, 1879, aged 58. Wife d. May i. 2 94 HISI\)RV OF IHF. 1873. He was a surveyor and convevancer, and did much public and private business in both of the towns in which he lived ; was buried in the South cemetery in the lot with Capt. C. S. Hastings. Had Martha A., b. Nov. 15, 1846, d. Jan. 6, 1871 ; Han- nah E., b. Sept., 1848; Francis A., b. , 1850, d. Sept. 25, 1869; Levi L., b, Dec. 4, 1852, d. in in- fancy. The above-named Hannah E., the onlv sur- viving member of the familv, is a practicing phvsician in Marlboro, whose medical education was completed in foreign countries. vShe has very generously given this town $500 in trust for the purpose of keeping the vSouth cemetery in order. BLISS. The father of the Blisses who have lived here was Gideon Bliss, who m. ^Mary Woodworth of Wilbra- ham in 1790. Had twelve children, viz.: Roswell, b. ]Slarch i 5, 1791 ; Mary and Betsey (twins), Betsey m. Levi Wheeler, Jr. ; Chloe ; Austin ; Gideon ; Sylvester; Catherine, b. Feb. 12, 1802, m. Samuel M. Fuller, then of Ludlow ; James ; Willard ; Lewis T. ; Henry Harrison, b. Aug. 12, 181 3. Gideon, vSr., d. here , aged 81 yrs. ; Mary, wid., d. in 1856, aged 86 yrs. Roswell Bliss, s. of Gideon, m., Oct, 27, 181 5, Matilda, dau. of Israel Chase of Worcester, and sister of Anthon}- Chase of Worcester, treasurer of Worces- ter county for many years ; he lived in the north part of the town on the place now owned by Francis Dewey. Had Lyman C, b. July 5, 18 16, d. Oct. 14, 1873; Minerva F., b. Sept. 10, 1818, m., Sept. 10, 1846, William Chadwick; he d. May i, 1850; she d. TOWN OF BERLIN. 295 Sept 13, 1856; Edward F., b. July 4, 1821; Mary W b. Tuly 3, 1823, m., April 19, 1846, Otis Kendall of Framingham, d. March 20, 1857; Jesse E., b. Dec. ^ 18-5 • Matilda C, b. Nov. 22, 1827; Lydia E., b. April 19, 1832, d. Feb. 21, 1857- He died April 30, 1869, aged 78 yrs.; Matilda, wid., d. July 15, 1872, aged 76 yrs. Jesse E. Bliss\ Rosweir, m. Lucinda M., dau. of George ^laynard, May 3, i849. res. in east part, near Hudson. Echcard Bliss, s. of Austin and grands, of Gideon, m Zilpah H., dau. of Amory Sawyer; he lived on the place now occupied by his wid. and son-in-law, Oliver C Rice. Had Marie A., b. June 18, 1846, d. Oct. 7, 1851; Martha Augusta, b. Dec. 9, i849. m- O^^^er C Rice; Amorv E., b. Nov. 12, 1855, d. March 2, 1 867. Edward d. Jan. 7,1871; wid. m. Nathan Rice. Hcnrv H. Bliss, s. of Gideon, m. Lucy M., dau. of Amor^Sawver, Sept. 27, 1840; came to his present place of res. in 1848, a place previously occupied by Rev David R. Lamson; occupation shoemaker and farmer. Had Charles H., b. Aug. 16, 1841. Wife, Lucy, d. June 19, 1885. Charles H. Bliss, s. of Henry H., m., Sept. 28, i860, Martha A., dau. of William Staples of Maine; he is a shoemaker and lives on his father's place. Had Lucy E., b. March 14, 1861, m. Frank E. Gammon,, res "^ Portland, Me.; Mary G., b. Jan. 4, 1863, m. Arthur F. Sawyer of Bolton, res., Clinton; Maud E., b April 2, 1 87 1, m. Frederick G. Bliss, res., Norwich, Conn.; Helen A. and Helena A. (twins), b. July i9> 1875. 296 HIS'lOKV OF THE BOVCE. Jacob Boycc, s. of vSilas of Richmond, N. H., b. June 27, 1807, m., April 9, 1829, Olive, dan. of Russell Ballon; she d. Oct. 8, 1843; m., 2d, VilroyA., dan. of Job Whitcomb of vSwanzey, N. H., April 4, 1844; he was engaged in farming and in the shook business in Richmond until 1853, when he removed to Troy, N. H. ; came to Berlin 1871 and settled in the south part. Wife, Vilroy, d. Oct. 29, 1*883; he d. Jan. 29, 1892. Had by Olive, Francis R., b. May 26, 1831, res. in Keene, N. H., and is the father of Mrs. Arthur Hastings. Had by Vilroy, Anna O., b. July 23, 1848; Charles E.,b. June 22, 1852. Charles E. Boycc, s, of Jacob, m., Julv 4, 1877, Alfreda, dan. of Ahaz Bassett of Hudson, who is a veterinary surgeon and brother to Elisha and Wil- liam Bassett; he lives in the south part, where Samuel Hastings formerly lived ; he is a dealer in carriages, robes and harnesses. BOWMAN. Shnco)i Btnv]na)i, s. of James and Mary (Gashet) Bowman of Westboro, b. March 3, 1772, m. Betsey Bartlett, sister to Adam Bartlett, Aug. 21,1 797 ; he was a blacksmith ; he bought of Cotton Newton the blacksmith stand and house in 1798 on the place now owned and occupied by Rufus R. Wheeler. Had Hollowa3% b. May 30, 1799, d. young; Simeon, b, March 18, 1801; Betsey, b. April ly, 1803, m. Josiah Babcock; Jonathan, b. July 28, 1805, res., Bolton; Mary, b. 1807, m. Abel Farwell. Wife, Betsey, d. June 4, 1822. Hem., 2d, Persis Gibson "^i^ttm:. ■•- .;. ,a._^.Wi:fi?> WILLIAM BASSETT PLACE. TOWN OF BERLIN. 297 ■of Hopkinton. Had Persis, b. 1825 ; Martha, b. 1827. Wife, Persis, d. April 9, 1833. He m., 3d, Mrs. Phebe Temple ; he d. Nov. 23, 1845. SiJiicon Bcnvjiian, Jr.^ m. Hannah, b. Jan. 7, 1804, dau. of Amherst Bailey, res., vSouth Lancaster and Clinton. He d. Aug., 1856; wife d. March i. 1889, at 85. Had Charles, the hardware dealer in Clinton. BRUCE. Daniel Bruce' m. Bathsheba Bowker Dec. i, 1732; he was s. of Roger and grands, of John of Sudbury ; he d. 1775. Had Ruth, b. May 22, 1733- m- Gates; his dau., Hannah, m. Solomon Jones, father of Peltiah; Abraham, b. Dec. 23, 1735- was in the expedition against Crown Point in 1755, and was killed in the fall of Quebec in 1 759 : Lucy, b. Nov. 6, 1737, d. Mav 8, 1832, unm., at 95 yrs. ; Benjamin, b. Dec. 24, 1739; John, b. May 9. I744, our centena- rian; Bettv,b. Jan. 22, 1746. m. John Brown; Mary, b. Aug. 9.' 1748, m. Nathan Jones; Daniel, b. Sept. 21, 1752. Benjamin Bnicc\ Daniel', m. Nancy, dau. of Alex- ander ^IcBride, otherwise Naomi or Agnes; he was a cooper; was in the old French and Indian war in I7S7 and was aminute man in 1775 and was at the surrender of Burgoyne in 1777; ^e settled near his father on the George Maynard place. Had Mary, b. April 29, 1769, m. Jonathan Baker; Katy, b. March 6 1771; Otis, b. April 17, 1773: Calvin, b. May 2, 1775; Anna, b. Sept. 6, i777, d- ^"^^i. ; William, b. 1780- Oliver, b. Mav 6, 1782; Franklin, b. June 21, 1784 res Vermont; Amos, b. Oct. 16, 1786. Nancy, 298 HISTORY OF THE his wid., was burned to death while alone on a vSun- day, Nov., 1824. Calvin Bntcc\ Benjamin', Daniel', m. Ruth Priest, niece of Holman Priest, res., Berlin and Northboro. Both d. here; he d. Nov. 30, 1857. John Bnicc\ Daniel', m. ]\Iartha Moore Feb. 8, 1770; he settled on the place now owned bv his grandson, George H. Bruce; he was at the battle of Lexington in 1775. Had Hugh, b. Aug. 5, 1770; Dorcas, b. April 25, 1772, m. John Brewer Feb. i, 1810, d. 1852; Nancy, b. June 30, 1774, d. ; Asenath, b. April 16, 1776, m. Luther Priest; Anna^ b. Sept. 6, 1777; Eunice, b. 1779, m. Asa, s. of Wil- liam Sawyer, June 19, 1800, res., Ohio; John, Jr., b,. May 15, 1781 ; Nancy, b. 1783, m. Lawrence, res., Vermont; Parnell, b. May 30, 1788, m. Josiah Bennett; m., 2d, Solomon Greene; had Josiah, now of Marlboro, by first husband; Sewell, b. July 15, 1790; Sylvanus, b. Dec. 15, 1792; Sophia, b. April 10, 1795, d. in 1884. He d. Feb. 13, 1843, at the age of 99 yrs. 9 mos. 15 days; was the oldest of any per- son who has lived in town ; his death was caused by a fall ; had prospects before of some years ; his wife d. Oct. 27, 1835, at 85. Daniel Brucc\ Daniel', m. Mary Bruce, dau. of Timo- thy Bruce, Sr., res. in Berlin and ALarlboro. This Timothy's wife was Susanna Joslin; she d. in 1832 at 99 yrs., res., Marlboro. Had Abraham, b. ; Lydia, b. , m., June 23, 1816, Timothy Austin of Marlboro, res., Vermont; Linda Mira, b. in 1798, m. David Keyes; Lois, b. Oct. 30, 1802, m. Ziba Keyes ; Sally, m. James Rich, Jr. TOWN OF BERLIN. !99 Hugh Brucc\ John', Daniel,' m. Sally, dau. of Jacob Moore, May 25, 1796. He was our marketman ; lived on the Chandler Carter place, old house. Had Chandler, b. Nov. 9, 1797; Roxana, b. Feb. 23, 1800, d. Aug-. 7, 1804: Louise, b. Jan. 12, 1802; Levi, b. March 7, 1806, res., Clinton, unni. ; Ira, b. Jan. 23, 1808, d. Aug. 4, 1876, res., Neponset, was buried here; Ezra T., b. Jan. 18, 181 1 ; Sarah Ann, b. Aug. 6, 181 3; John, b. Xov. 20, 18 16. Hugh d, in Boston Sept. 14, 1821 ; wife d. May 10, 1840. John Bruce, Jr'., John", Daniel', m. Prudence Priest. Had Eusebia, b. Dec. 29, 1 806, m. William Jones ; Persis, b. Oct. 11, 1808, d. in 1872 ; Olive M., b. April 4, 1 8 10, m. William Farnsworth ; Silas, b. Dec. 11, 181 1, d. in 1880; Ira, b. ^larch 30, 18 14, m. , res.. West Boylston ; Zilpah, b. March 11, 1815, m. Merrick Holt, m., 2d, Knowlton, m., 3d, White. Scii'dl Bruce', John", Daniel', m., Nov. 8, 18 12, Eunice Bennett, b. March 30, 1786, dau. of Ephraim and Priscilla Wellington. He d. Nov. 3, 1846; she d. Feb. II, 1873. Had Martha ]\I., b. ]\Iay 24, 1813, m. Anthony S. Starkey, d. July 7, 1850; Roxana, b. Dec. 9, 18 1 5, m. Ebenezer S. Sawtell; Joanna, b. Dec. II, 18 1 8, m. William H. Horton ; Lorenzo, b. June 5, 1820; Horatio, b. June 23, 1822, res., Hudson; Simeon, b. Feb. 6, 1824, res., Worcester; Philo, b. May I, 1826; Phidelia, b. Sept. 21, 1830, d. in 1832. Sylvaiuis Bruce , John', Daniel', m. Hannah Read, b. in Providence, R. I., 1798; he was a cooper and farmer and retained the homestead ; built the house now standing thereon. Had Christiania R., b. Feb. 23, 1824, m. vSamuel ^lason of Boston; Lyman, b. 300 HISTORY OF THE June 31, 1826, d. Aug. 7, 1843; Hannah, b. Nov. 19, 1827, d. March 23, 1834; Leverett W., b. May 11, 1830, d. April I, 1834; Lewis B., b. May i, 1833, d. July 5, 1853; Leverett W., b. April 21, 1835, d. May 9, 1886; Willard G., b. Oct. 19, 1839; George H., b. Aug. 7, 1837. wSylvanus d. July 30, 1879, ^^ ^6 ; wife, Hannah, d. May 22, 1880, at 82. Lorenzo Br2icc\ Sewell', John', Daniel', m. Mary, dau. of Silas Coolidge, April 19, 1841 ; m., 2d, Nov. 24, 1870, Mary Adeline, wid. of Moses A. Coolidge and dau. of ]Manasseh Ball; he lives in West Berlin on the Daniel Carter place. Had by first wife, John L., b. May 23, 1843; Charles A., b. in 1847, ^- iii 1849; ^iary R., b, Dec. 9, 1845, m. Charles Carr Nov. 13, 1880. PJiilo Brucc\ Seweir\ John"', Daniel', m. Sarah A. Muzzey of Needham Sept., 1846; shed. May i, 1861. He m., 2d, Lavina S., dau. of Ariel K. Fletcher, Dec. 21, 1862. He lives in the west part on the Ephraim Howe, Jr., place. Had. by vSarah, Edgar O., b. ]\Iay 21, 1847, d. Aug. 3, 1851 ; Frances Eldora, b. July 31, 1849, d. July 26, 1851; George L., b, Jan. 17, 1 85 1, res., California; Edgar M., b. Oct. 30, 1853, res., Leominster; Anna C, b. vSept. 27, 1855, m. Fred F. Boyden of Leominster; Clarence O., b. July 19, 1857, res., Nashua, N. H. ; W. Oscar, b. Jan. 27, i860, d. Sept. 24, same year. Had by Lavina, ArolineE.,b. Sept. 12, 1863, m. Joseph H. Walker; Viola, b. May 3, 1865, m. Frank Powers of Leomin- ster; Eunice, b. July 10, 1869, m. Oliver D. Derby Nov. 29, 1891 ; Estella E., b. Dec. 20, 1871 ; Fred- erick H., b. Nov. 2, 1877. GEORGE H. BRUCE'S HOUSE. SAMUEL WHEELER'S HOUSE. TOWN OF BERLIN. Lcvcrctt IV. Briicc\ Sylvanus', John', Daniel', m. of Vienna, Me., Jan. 12, 1874; she d. in New York city; he m., 2d, Emma ; was a shoe manufacturer, res., Rochester, N. Y. Had Abbie MoUie, b. Jan. 19, 1876; Pearl, b. Feb. 21, 1881; Percy L., b. Jan. 31, 1883. Leverett d. in Sharpsville, Pa., May 9, 1886. Willard G. Brucc\ Sylvanus', John', Daniel', m. Mrs. Rachel (Holder) Frv', dau. of Joseph Holder, Sept. 23, 1867, res. on Sawyer hill, the place settled by Dea. Josiah Sawyer. George H. Bniee\ Sylvanus', John", Daniel', m. i\ugusta Goddard, dau. of Ephraim, Oct. 4, 1862; he retains the old Bruce homestead of his grandfather. Had Delia G., b. Sept. 2, 1864, m. I. Porter Morse Oct. 14, 1890; Harry M., b. July 9, 1881, d. July 9, 1 88 1. Wife, Augusta, d. Feb. 20, 1885. John L. Bniee, s. of Lorenzo, m. ISlary Ann, dau. of Isaac S. Stone. He lived some years in West Berlin on the Hartwell place; is now an officer in the Re- formatory prison at Concord; was a soldier in the late war ; by trade, a shoemaker. TiniotJiy Briiee, from another branch of the Bruce family, m. in 1762 Susannah Joslin, who d. in 1832, aged 99 years ; he lived on the left of the ^larlboro- road, below Ira Brown's. Had Benjamin, Timothy,, and Sally, who m. Fortunatus Howe. Timothy Bruee, Jr., m. Matilda Wheeler April 9,. 1781. Had Abel, Timothy, Samuel, Eliza, Susan, Nancy, Carrie, Sophia, Achsah, Rebecca, who m.. Luther Pollard in 1 806. 302 HISTORY OF THE BRIDE OR MACBRIDE. Alcxaiidcr Mac Bride was the ancestor of the Bride f amih' of this town. The Mac was dropped by some of his descendants as superfluous, and most of the family have retained only Bride. He came from Ireland in the •earl)^ part of last century. His wife's name was Mary. He settled on the farm recently owned by Florence McCarty and now owned by Arthur L. Brewer ; he built the lower part of the house now standing therein 1748. The original house stood northeast of the present. They came to Charlestown first and afterwards removed here. He d. Sept., 1779; no record of his wife's death. He was a stone mason or chimney builder. They were original members of the Berlin church. Had John, b. 1727; Thomas, b. 1739; Thomas, b. 1741 ; James, b. ; Agnes, b. 1744, took the name of Nancv, m. Benjamin Bruce. The Lancaster records give the names of Alexander and Mary, both d. young. Thomas Bride'' , Alexander', m. Sarah Snow April 19, 1769. He settled first east of Josiah Sawyer's on the Fosgate land ; later on the present L. W. Brewer place ; he was a soldier in the old French and Indian war; was in the expedition against Fort William Henry in 1757, and again, in 1759, he was at the fall of Quebec, and during the early part of the Revolutionary war when the armv was near Boston, he went weekly to Boston with supplies for the Berlin soldiers. Our non-combatant Quakers were generous in furnishing "aid and comfort." He d. about 1793. Had William, b. 1769, m. Susan Bailey, settled in New York; Prudence, b. 1 77 1, m. in 1791 Rufus TOWN OF BERLIN. 303 Whitcomb of Bolton; Gardner, b. 1775, m. in 1796 Abigail, dau. of John Hastings of Bolton; John, bap. here in 1787, m. and settled on the present place of Truman P. Felton, but moved to New York ; Ruth, bap. in 1 790, m. Luther Moore of Bolton ; another dau. m. Farmer, record incomplete. Javics Bride", Alexander', m. Lydia, dau. of Josiah Wilson, Dec. 8, 1763. Hence our names of Wilson and Josiah Wilson Bride. He lived awhile adjoin- ing Joel Fosgate's, between Gates' pond and our Hudson road ; he retained the homestead of his father ; he was with his brother Thomas in the expedition against Fort William Henry in 1757. He d. 1806. Had Josiah, b. Sept. 19, 1764; Catherine, b. Feb. 15, 1766, m, vStephen Phelps of Marlboro; Achsah, b. Nov. 26, 1767, m. Henry Temple of Northboro; Abi- gail, b. March 31, 1769, m. Stanton Carter, Jr., res., Maine; Asa, b. Feb. 8, 1771; Hannah, b. Nov. 25, 1772, m. Henr}" Brigham of Northboro; Amos, d. 3-oung; Lydia, b. Sept. 22, .1776. Josiah Bridc-\ James", Alexander', m. Lydia, dau. of Noah Howe of Marlboro July 22, 1788; m., 2d, Susan Eager of Northboro in 1831. Had Wilson, b. 1 79 1 ; Calvin, b. 1792; Lydia. b. Nov. 5, 1798, d. Nov. 3, 1857, m. Augustus Bigelow; Amos, b. Oct. 31, 1800; James, b. 1797, d. 1823; Josiah, b. 1802; Lucinda, b. July 13, 1808, d. Aug. 6, 1872, m. Curtis Rice of Northboro. Wilson Bride, s. of Josiah, d. in Dec, 1863; he removed from town when young, w^as. m. twice, returned and d. here. Asa Bridc\ James", Alexander', m. Lucy Brown June 6, 1803. He remained on the old homestead. 304 HISTORY OF THE He d. Oct. 21, 1809; she d. in 1842. Had Lucy, b. 1804, d. Nov. 3, 1872, unm. ; Asa, b. 1805; Caty, b. 1806, d. May 12, 1890, unm. Asa Bridc\ Asa', James", Alexander', occupied the old Bride homestead, together with his two sisters, Lucy and Catv, all unm. He was a thrifty farmer, a man of good judgment, and dealt considerably in cattle, of which he was a good judge* Had no open road to town until 1853. After the Hoosac tunnel was opened, he took a ride on the cars through that great bore, which was the first by rail he had ever taken. He d. Aug. 23, 1872, at 67. Caty Bride, sister of Asa', after the death of her brother and sister in 1872, sold the old farm and bought the place in Carterville now owned by Rufus R. Wheeler. She built a barn on the same; not liking the location she sold and bought the Rev. Henry Adams place, now occupied by William Bas- sett in the Centre. By her will she left $2,000 to the town in trust, the income of which to be expended for the benefit of poor, deserving women of Berlin (not paupers), for which gracious gift her memory is held in kindly regard and esteem by all. Calvin Br id c\ Josiah', James", Alexander', m. Eager. Lived in Northboro ; had no children. Amos Bridc\ Josiah', James", Alexander', m. Abi- gail Sinith of Peru and sister to Oliver Smith. He d. Nov. 13, 1882; she d. April 24, 1864. Had David M., b. Jan. 6, 1839; Lydia, b. May 15, 1 84 i,m. William L. Ward Feb. 19, 1861 ; Lucinda A., b. June 9, 1843, m. Chaplin , m. 2d, Isaac Ryan,, d. Nov. 21^ r*|l^^ ■'V' h^- 't^^ MARY CARTER. TOWN OF BERLIN. 319 b. Oct. 4, 1834, d. Feb. i6, 1874, unm. ; Eugenia S., b. June 25, 1838, m. Winslow B. Morse; Jonas H., b. Jan. 23, 1840. He d. Sept. 8, 1878; wife, vSarah, d. Feb. 27, 1895, and was the oldest person in town at the time of her death. Danforth Carter", Danie?, Stanton', m., April 3, 1827, Louisa Hastings of Boylston; he lived on the H. D. Coburn place. Had Elbridge G., b. Jan. 17, 1828, res., Hudson; Nancy H., b. Sept. 4, 1830, m. Howard M. Campbell of Hudson May 25, 1876; Dolly E., b. Feb. 3, 1833, d. Jan. 18, 1854; Thomas Steadman, b. June 25, 1839, m., Sept. 16, 1863, Mary Leland of Sherborn, res., Hudson. H& d. Oct. 8, 1852; wid. d. Oct. 5, 1853. Rufus Carter'', Daniel', Stanton', m. vSarah, dau. of John Goss of Lancaster, May, 1834. Had Mary W., b. Jan. 9, 1835, d. Dec. 28, 1876; she bequeathed $1,000 to the Unitarian Society of Berlin; Adeliza, b. Feb. 13, 1836, d. June 6, 1841; John Gilbert, b. Jan. 9, 1838, m., in Clinton, Ellen M. Henry. Rufus d. Nov. 9, 1842, and his wid. m. Eli Sawyer, s. of Rufus. Chandler Carter", Danie?, Stanton', m. Nancy, dau. of Abraham Babcock of Boston, April 28, 1839; ^^ lived on the Northboro road, next south of the Dr. Puffer place. Had Jane Elizabeth, b. April 8, 1840, m. David Barrett of Concord ; she d. . Wife, Nancy, d. March 7, 185 1. He m., 2d, Leah H. Lin- coln of Pembroke, Me.; she d. Aug. 16, 1879, age 57. Both wives d. by like surgical operations of painful interest. He was a great benefactor to the town; he gave the town $20,000 to clear it of debt; 320 HISTORY OF THE he gave in trust $20,000 to the Unitarian Society,, and gave $10,000 to the Children's Mission, to the- children of the destitute of Boston ; his name will be long remembered with gratitude by the people of Ber- lin for the great good he did with a portion of his wealth. He d. Feb. i, 1891. Ira Cartcr\ Amor^'", Daniel", Stanton', m. Hannah Jones Aug. 3, 1834; he lived in Boylston and Berlin at various places; d. on Henry Powers' place. Had Calvin H., b. March 27, 1837, was in the battle of Bull Run, was wounded and discharged; George Ira, b. June 19, 1847, d. in the army, a prisoner at Peters- burg, Va., Sept. 30, 1864; Caroline E., b. Oct. 24,. 1836, d. young. Ira, Sr., d. Oct. 19, 1859; wid. d.. Nov., 1890. Amory Cartcr\ Amory', DanieP, Stanton', m. Persis, dau. of Benjamin Franklin vSpofford, April, 1839; he first settled where Algernon Cartwright lives ; rem, to Worcester, but returned and built the house where Mrs. George Ames lives ; he res. in AVorces- ter with his dau., Persis, at the time of his death ; he was a natural mechanic and carpenter; built many houses in Worcester and elsewhere. Had Persis H. S., b. Feb. 12, 1840, she m. William H. King. Wife, Persis, d. Feb. 15, 1840. He m., 2d, Nancy, dau. of James Davenport of Boylston. Had by her, Fred- erick, b. 1848, d. Aug. 5, 1862, age 14; Adelaide, m. Leander Comstock, res., Brooklyn, N. Y. Wife, Nancy, d. ; he m., 3d, Comfort Quimby ; she d., no- date; he d. vSept., 1892. He was a contractor in house building; in 1881 he lost his eyesight in blast- ing a rock; he then devoted his time to a history of the Sawvers. TOWN OF BERLIN. 3^1 Daniel H. Cartcr\ Amor/, Danie?, Stanton\ m. Lucy Ann, dau. of Leonard Hartwell, April 8, 1840; he settled first in the west part, on the place where Ebenezer Dailey now lives; rem. to Hopedale m 1849- was one of the early members of the commu- nity thence he returned to the homestead of his mother on Sawyer hill in 1863; went to Athol m 188- returned and bought the place where he now lives in Carterville, in 1884; they have an adopted dau.,' Flora Jane, who m. Benjamin S. Walker, wha res. with them. Oliver Cartcr\ SamueF, Daniel\ Stanton', m. Polly Warner April 30, 1834: l^e lived on Barnes hill after he came to Berlin, on the place recently owned l)y S. S Greenlief. Had bv Polly, Oliver W., b. April 10,. 1836; Sarah F., b. Dec. 6, 1838. Wife, Polly, d Feb 28 1842; m., 2d, Marv Sophia, dau. of Daniel Barnes ' Feb. 8, 1848. Had by Mary Sophia, Mary Dillv m., April 22, 1875, Dennis E. Wheeler of Ber- lin res., Leominster; Samuel Marshall, b. March 3, 1851 m., March 4, i«75, ^^^^h L., dau. of Silas S. Greenlief, res., Gardner; Julia B., b. Oct. 31, i853; Everett M., b. March 8, 1858. He d. Jan. 3L 1871 i. the family rem. to Lancaster. William Barnes Carter', Leonard\ Daniel, Stanton', m Mary Adella, dau. of Amos Sawyer, Jr., ; he set- tled in Georgia; wife, Mary, d. during the war; he returned with children. Had Addie Adella. b. July II 1858 m.GeorgeM.Southwick; William A., b. Mar. 4 '186 1 ;' m., 2d, July 12, 1870, Mary A. Fowler of Springfield; had Horace Choate, b. April 7, 187U He now res. in Springfield ; is a music teacher. 32 2 HISTORY OF THE Lewis L. Carter', Lewis', Daniel'', Stanton', ni., April 5, 1849, vSiisan E. Phelps of Marlboro and dau. of Mrs. Paul Brigham ; he lives on the Thomas Brig- ham farm in the west part. Had Sidney Brigham, b. Sept. 23,' 1852; Lewis Paul, b. Jan. 17, 1856; Cora Isabelle, b. June 17, i860, m. Feb. 21, 1879, Calvin Hastings of Boylston; two children d. in infancy. Silas R. Carter', Lewis', Daniel", Stanton', m., July 13, 1856, Emily Crowell of Barnard, Vt. ; he is station agent at the Old Colony railroad at the west part, and dealer in grain, coal and groceries. Had Willard Crowell, b. March 8, 1858; Eugene Francis and Eugenia Frances, twins, b. Aug. 12, i860, Eugenia F. d. ; Lucy A., b. Aug. i, 1862, m., Oct. 20, 1 89 1, Albert R. Carter of Leominster; Silas RoUa, b. April 8, 1868; remains at home with his father, Ira O. Carter*, s. of Lewis', Daniel', vStanton', m. Susan F. Shattuck of Groton March 6, 1 860. Had two children, d. in infancy. He d. Feb. 13, 1885; "wife d. Oct. 1 8, 1 892. He was substantially a self-made man. Aside from the meagre advantages of the west school, he attended Mr. Bride's school one term and was at the New Ipswich Academy six months ; after, wards went to Kentucky and was a professor in Paducah College; came home on the breaking out of the war; later attended the Harvard Law vSchool six months, and then engaged in the practice of the law at Arlington; was judge of the District Court at the time of his death. Jonas H. Carter', Lewis', DanieP, Stanton', m. An- netta L., dau. of Lemuel R. Draper of Hopkinton, SILAS R. CARTER. TOWN OF BERLIN. 323 Nov. 30, 1 87 1 ; he remains on the homestead of his father. Had Lemuel D., b. Oct. 25, 1873; Eva L., Id. April 6, 1881 ; Lucie H., b. Oct. 7, 1884. Sidney B. Carter'', Lewis L'., Lewis', Daniel", vStan- ton', m. J. Etta, dau. of George W. Fosgate, Dec. 25, 1878; he lives in the west part on the Clinton road in house he built for himself ; he is a carpenter. Had Ruea E., b. Feb. 16, 1887; George L., b. March 16, 1 89 1. Leivis P. Carter, s, of Lewis L., m. Ada E., dau. of James M. Simonds, July 2, 1881 ; is a machinist, res., Worcester. Had L. Herbert, b. Jan. 31, 1885; Ralph S., b. Dec. 12, 1887, d. Nov. 26, 1889; Irving E., b. Aug. 22, 1889; Milton P., b. Sept. 4, 1892. Wife d. 1894. Willard C. Carter, s. of Silas R., m., Nov. 17, 1880, Jennie F., dau. of Josiah Moore, res., Clinton; station .agent of Old Colony Railroad. Eugene F. Carter, s. of vSilas R., m., Feb., 1891, Georgiana, dau. of Theodore Hendricks, res., Nor- walk, Conn. Elbridge G. Carter*, Danforth', Daniel', Stanton', m., Aug. 4, 1850, Betsey C, dau. of Asa Carter; she ■d. Sept. 20, 1850; m., 2d, July 20, 1852, Georgiana, dau. of George Maynard, res., Hudson. Two chil- dren: George L, b. Mar. 5, 1854, Leona L., b. May 2, 1850. Thomas Steadnian Carter', Danforth', Daniel', Stan- ton', ni., Sept. 16, 1863, Mary Leland of Sherborn, res., Hudson. 324 HISTORY OF THE SaiuLrsoH Carter, wStanton', m., Nov. 10, 1788^ Hannah Allen, dau. of Jotham Maynard, 2d ; he settled on the farm later known as the John M. Kellev place, the house probably the oldest in town. Had Luther, b. Jan. 15, 1790; Hannah, b. Feb. 28, 1793, m. Warren Moore; Zilpah, b. July 9, 1798, m. Daniel Bartlett ; Chloe, b. April 12, 1812, d. Sept. 27, 1873, unm. He was deacon of the old Unitarian Church; d. Aug. 30, 1841 ; wid. d. July 9, 1859. LutJicr Carter'', Sanderson", vStanton', m., March 24, 1 8 1 I , Lucy, dau. of Christopher B. Bigelow ; he set- tled first on the place now owned by William T. Babcock, thence rem. to Carterville and was the founder thereof ; was the inventor of plastering- houses on the outside. Had by wife, Ivory, b. Feb. 29, 181 2; Betsey, b. March 20, 1814, m. Ira Brigham, she d. April 12, 1856; Hannah, b. Feb. 17, 1818, m. Lewis H. Barnard; Persis, b. March 15, 1821, m. Thomas Pollard; Lucy, b. Oct. 27, 1825, m. Ezra S. ]\Ioore. Wife, Lucy, d. Nov. 27, 1850. He m., 2d, Betsey Andrews, wid. of Asa of Boylston ; he d. Aug. 8, 1865. Ivory Carter', Luther', Sanderson", Stanton', m.,. Nov. II, 1833, Olive Smith, sister to Riley Smith and Mrs. Israel Sawyer ; he lived in Carterville, where his s., I. F. Carter, has since occupied. Had Laura E., b. Aug. 22, 1834, m. John A. Merrill, d. Aug. 28, 1866; Israel Francis, b. Feb. 6, 1839. Ivory d. Nov. 6, 1850; Olive, wid., d. Jan. 30, 1887. Israel Francis Carter', Ivory', Luther', Sanderson', Stanton', m. Susan M. Wood, dau. of Alonzo Wood of Marlboro; he continued on his father's REMAINS OF OLDEST HOUSE. (SANDERSON CARTER PLACE.) rOWX OF BERLIN 325 place ; was a soldier in the late war, and was partially deaf after his return from service. Had Emma E., b. vSept. 16, 1861, m. Charles H. Green Jan. ii, 1880, d. Dec. 4, 1885 ; Laura M., b. March 25, 1870. He d. Feb. 19, 1893 ; wife, vSusan, d. April i, 1887. Stanton Carter", vStanton', m., April 5, 1797, Chloe Maynard, sister of the wife of Sanderson Carter ; settled in vStockton, jMe. Had Asa, b. March 10, 1798. Wife, Chloe, d. 1799; m., 2d, Dec. 10, 1800, Abigail Bride, dau. of James. Asa Carter, vStanton', Stanton', m., Sarah A Lamphire ; she d., he m., 2d, Eleanor Carlton of Deer Isle, Me. ; they came thence to Berlin in 1848 with nine daughters. He d. Oct. 3, 1850, at 53 yrs. ; she d. Dec. 19. 1876, at 75 yrs. Children: Eleanor C, b. Mar. 17, 1824, m., Aug. 16, 1846, Riley Smith; Susan B.,b. Oct. 23, 1825, m., Nov. 28, 1846, Joseph W. Ivlerrill; she d. July 2, i849;Thirza A., b. Nov. 4, 1827, m. Seth W. Merrill, 1844; she d. in Berlin Nov. 4, 1850; Betsey C, b. 1830. m. Elbridge Carter Aug. 4, 1850; she d. Sept. 20, 1850; Margaret S., b. Oct. 2, 1833, m., July 25, 1850, Phineas vStratton ; m., 2d, May 17, 1861, D. W. Warner, res., Boylston; Huldah A., b. Dec. 26, 1835, m., Jan. 2, 1853, vSeth W. ]\Ierrill, res., Hudson; Mary E., b. Feb. 14, 1838, m.. May 1, 1856, Charles T. Vinals; she d. Nov., 1865; Zilpah M., b. May 6, 1S40, m., March 15, 1857, Gustavus Smith; she d. Nov. 23. 1857; Julia Alice, b. Nov. 26, 1843, m., vSept. 3, 1862, James G. Ramsdell of Philadelphia. They have, besides these, a dau., Chloe, m. Thomas Lamphire of Lubec, Me.- They 326 HISrORY OF THE had three sons killed in the army; had also a s., Asa,, in Stockton, Me. ; Jemima, dau. of vStanton, Sr., m. Levi Ellis of Stockton. CARTWRICiHT. Francis JcDiics Ldrtwright, b. Aug, 8, 1787, in Co, Derby, Eng., m. Mary Barker; came over in 1844;. two sons preceded him, viz.: Daniel, b. Nov. 18, 1815; Algernon, b. March 31, 18 18; Elizabeth, b. 1827, came over with parents, d. May 9, 1874; Frances J., d. Oct. 7. 1871, at 84; wife d. Nov. 20,. 1868, at 82; lived last with Algernon. Daniel Car tier iglit, s. of James F., m. Salina, dau, of James Horsley, Co. Derby, Eng., 1838; was a carpenter; lived in the south part. Had Thomas, b, July 3, 1839 ;. Nathaniel H., b. Oct. 19, 1841 ; James, b. Dec. 24, 1843, d. Jan. 12, 1861 ; Charles D., b, April 29, 1847; Eliza A,, b. vSept. 28, 1849, d. Jan, 18, 1869; Lucy E., b. Nov. 19, 185 1, m. George L, Howe; Mary S., b. vSept. 4, 1854, d. July» 14, 1856. He d. Dec. 28, 1890 ; she d. ^Larch 23. 1892. Algernon Cartzuright, s. of James F., m. vSarah E.,, dau. of Lewis Carter, March 31, 1858; a custom shoemaker; res. on the Hudson road, place before owned by Smith Dyar. Had Mar\'. b. July 15, 1859, m. A. F. Pierce June 10, 1879; vSarah E., b, June 20, 1 86 1, m. vSamuel H. Wheeler of Bolton June 24, 1886; Walter A., b. vSept. 23, 1863, m, Annie L. Orr of Lynn; James L,, b. March 15, 1865,. m. Oct. I, 1890, Hattie F. Pike, res., Hud.son; Annie S., b. Nov. 27, 1869. TOWN OF BERLIN. 327 Nathaniel H. Cartivrighi, s. of Daniel, m. Abbie, dau. of William George Hapgood, March i, 1865 ; is a shoemaker, res., South Berlin, house built byAlonzo F. Howe. Had Cora Belle, b. April 25,1 866, d. young ; Fred H., b. March 13, 1867; George Herbert and Harry Elroy, twins, b. Oct. 19, 1874, The three sons excel as musicians. CARVEI.LE. Charhs IV. Carvel U\ s. of Daniel W., b. Feb. 23, 185 1, m., July 31, 1869, Margaret F., dau. of Nathan Stowell, b. June 2^, 1848; moved to Berlin in 1877 on the Samuel J. Moore place; in 1887 came to the old Daniel Carter farm. Had Wesley D., b. June 30, 1873; Laverna C, b. Jan. 27, 1875, d. Dec. 30, 1879; Nathan vS., b. Aug. 23, 1879. CHAMBERLIN. spencer C. Chaviberlin from Thetford, Vt., m, Hen- rietta J,, dau. of Henry Hastings; was a shoemaker; was in the service in the late war in Co. I, 36th Regt. ; rem. to New Bedford, where he still resides. Had by Henrietta, Ola L., b. April 11, 1859, d. Nov. 4, 1887; wSpencer C, b. June 21, 1862; Erwin H., b. Aug. 29, 1865, m. in 1893, res., New Bedford; Lula M., b. May 15, 1868, m. and d. in New Bedford. Wife d. Aug. 12, 1884 ; m., 2d, in New Bedford. Spencer Carlton Chaiiiberlin, Jr., s. of Spencer C, m. Minnie E. Fay, dau. of Nahum W., Jan. 26, 1893; he is our mail carrier and lives in the Centre. 328 HISTORY OF THE COBURN. Henry D. Coburii, s. of Leonard Coburn of Lynn and grands, of Job of Dracut, was b. Aug-. 16, 18 14, m., Nov. 13, 1833, Hannah, dau. of Daniel Sawyer of Bolton ; he settled on the place now occupied by liis s. Joseph's wid., Mary E. Coburn; he was a shoe- maker; had a shop near his house, where he carried on the business of bottoming shoes. Had by wife, Hannah, Hannah M., b. March 5, 1835, m. Ansel L. Snow; Susanna, b, March 8, 1838, d. young; Joseph L., b. March 10, 1840; William H., b. Feb. 16, 1842; enlisted in the army under age, and d. of wounds received in the battle of the Wilderness. Wife, Hannah, d. Dec. 19, 1866, age 55 ; he m., 2d, April 27, 1870, Mrs. vSarah H., wid. of Amos Sawver; an adopted dau., Izora, d. Oct. 14, 1863, age 17. He d. in Lynn May 21, 1.892.. Joseph L. Cobnrn, s. of Henry D., m. Mary E., dau. of George W.'Maynard, Oct. 18, i860; he was a shoe- maker; lived on his father's place; he d. Nov. 26, 1883. Had Cora Mabel, b. Dec. 27, 1864, d. March 3, 1872; William Henry, b. Oct. 5, 1874; Roscoe E., b. Jan. 19, 1882. William Coburn, bro. of Henry D., m. Catherine, dau. of Daniel Sawyer of Bolton, in 1836; she d. March 2, 1852, age 36 yrs. ; m., 2d, Ann Maley; slie d. June 5, 1866. He d. March 25, 1876, at 63; lived at various places. COLLINS. John Collins, b. in Ireland ; worked several years in Northboro ; finally settled on the Joel Proctor place TOWN OF BERLIN. 329 in the northwest part of this town; he d. Oct. 20, 1887; wife, Mary A., d. Aug. 2, 1886. Had James, b. : John, b. Aug. 2, 1863. John Collins, Jr., m. :Mary A. :McNulty April 22, 1890: he retains the homestead. Had John F., b. March 27, 1891, d. Aug. 25, 1891 ; James R., b. May 10, 1892; Benjamin H., b. May 26, 1894. CONANT. Josiali Conant m. Lucy Harris of Concord; lived in the Amos Sawyer house ; he was the most thorough millwright of this region ; he had a shop and water power on land now owned by Granville Butler. Had Harriet A., b. Oct. 19, 1814, d. April 19, 1884, unm.; Lucy Ann, b. Oct. 18, 18 16, m. Levi Houghton; William Franklin, b. vSept. 14, 1 8 18 ; Mary, b. May 29, 1825, m. Franklin INIoore of Monson. He d. June 10, 1848, age 57; wid. d. July 17, 1875, age 86. William F. Conant, s. of Josiah, m. Mary A. Bur- dett of Clinton; she d. June 30, 1855; he m., 2d, IMarv Houghton of Bolton; they left one child, Arthur; he lived on the place now owned by Zoheth B. Woodbury; built that house; he was a good mill- wright and put in many water wheels. He d. Aug. .21, 1882; Mary, wid., d. in Pawtucket, R. L, 1884. COOLIDGE. John Coolidgc is counted ancestor of those in this vicinity; he was in Watertown in 1636. Moses Coolidgc bought house and land of Benjamin Baker at north end of Gates" pond in 1779; sold to 330 HISTORY OF THE Joel Fosgate in 1795 ; Joseph Howe once owned the premises; no other record. StcpJioi Coolidgc, m., May 31, 1785, Lavina, dau. of Samuel Jones, Jr. ; he lived on the place now owned by Frank H. Grossman. Had Luther, b. Jan. 9, 1786; Caleb, b. Dec. 21, 1787; Sally, b. Sept. 29, 1789; John B., b. Aug. 29, 1791 ; Merrick, b. Jan. 13, 1794. Wife, Lavina, d. ; m., 2d, Betsey Wetherbee Sept. I, 1818. Caleb Coolidge, s. of Stephen, m. vSophia, dau. of Martyn Newton of Northboro. Had Albert, b. Jan. 7, 1818; Henry, b. June 22, 18 19; Merrick, b. April 12, 1821; Amory, b. Oct. 11, 1823. Caleb d. in Berlin in 1824. The s., Merrick, at two yrs. old strayed from home at dusk; all the neighbors were searching the brooks and woods through the night ; next day hundreds came together; the child was found at the "Fountains," near present home of N. ]\L Allen, about i o'clock, with chilled and swollen limbs, but soon recovered. Albert d. in Worcester in 1884; Henry went to Michigan, d. in 1893; Mer- rick lived on the Taylor ^laynard place in Northboro, m. Mary Ann Stone Nov. 27, 185 1; he d. Oct. 11^ 1888 ; had three children ; Amory lived in Northboro was a seaman, d. in 1869. COTTING. JosiaJi totting, s. of Dr. Josiah of Southboro and descendant of Josiah who settled in Roxbury in 1637, n^- Betsey, dau. of Capt. William Barnes, in 1820. Had George Augustine, b. 1821 ; Sarah B., b. 1823 ; Ella H., b. 1825 ; both daus. d. young. TOWN OF BERLIN. 33 r George A. Cotting,^ Josiah,' m. Jerusha Vose of Sud- bury ; he settled first just over the line in Boylston, the first house west of George H. Barnes' ; thence rem. to Hudson, where he d. in 1892; they were mostly connected with Berlin ; he was a school teacher in his young-er days; was justice of the peace. This generous descendant has honorably erected a fine granite monument in our cemetery commemorative of his ancestry, ''Ex nno disce ouuies." Had no chil- dren. COULSON. /. EdnuDul Conlson, from Cambridge, Eng., m., April II, 1893, Carrie P., dau. of Ira Jones; lives on the Jones homestead. Had Cyril Edmund, b. March 4, 1894. GROSSMAN. JoJui \V. Crossnian, s. of Abishur of Boylston, b. Jan. 9, i8o6,m.. May 4, 1837, Evelina Phelps of Lancaster^ b. Nov., 1806; he lived on the place formerly occu- pied by Stephen Coolidge and now owned by his s., Frank H. Had one child d. in infancy; Frank H., b. Jan. 12, 1846. Frank H. Crossnian, s. of John W., m. LeliaM. Farwell of Fitchburg Jan. 12, 1870, dau. of Abel and Sarah; he is a machinist; worked some years in Fitchburg; is our present town clerk. Had Alice B., b. July 29,. 1872, m. Ernest Bickford; Walter I., b. Nov. 5, 1874; Harrison A., b. Sept. 21, 1876; Agnes B., b. July 1 1, 1882. The parents of wife, Lelia M., both d. here. JoJin F. CrossDian, an adopted s. of John W., b. Apr. 10, 1843, ni- Annie M. Evans, dau. of Amos of Clinton;, 332. HISrORY OF -J HE he lives on the Hudson road, next beyond ^rank H. ; was a soldier in the late war of Co. I, 36th Regt. Had Ernest L., b. May 17, 1870, m., Nov. 30, 1892, Sarah T. Phillips, res., Hudson ; Charles L., b. Dec. 10, 1873, d. April 10, 1876; Charles E., b. Oct. 18, 1881 ; Cora Bell, b. April 27, 1883; Alia B.. b. Dec. 7, 1886. Peter Crossuiaii and wife, Elizabeth, were Quakers from Gloucester, R. I., 1785 ; he d. on the Sanderson Carter place in 1795. CROSIJV. Josiah Crosby, from vScotland, m. Seraphina, dau. of Samuel Brigham ; lived on the Dr. Daniel Brigham place; was a tailor. He d. here Sept. 15, 1866, age 84 yrs. ; she d. in Nashua, N. H., 1870. Had Nancy, d. young; Josiah O., b. Feb. 28. 1830, was a soldier in the late war, lost an arm, is in the treasury depart- ment, Washington, D. C. ; William H., b. Dec. 26, I §33, lives in Washington, D. C, a proprietor of the National Hotel. CHRISTY. Rev. Albert Barnes Christy, s. of Dea. Moses Christy of Greenwich, Conn.; ordained here July, 1879; m., vSept 6, 1879, Wilhelmina Lindsey of Fairhaven, Conn. ; he was pastor of the Orthodox Congregational Church ; was dismissed in 1882 to answer a call to the church in Conway; later had pastorate of the Congregational Church, Hudson, Ohio, and now is settled in New ]Mexico. Had two children while here, Bertha and Martha Peters. TOWN OF BERLIN. 333 CLARKE. Rc7: Ebcr L. Clarke was res. hereabout 1830-40 with family. Julius L. Clarke, late state auditor, was his s. Julius L. m. vSarah, dau. of Alvin vSaw- yer, May 27, 1840. CUTTING. George Cutting, s. of Asa of Templeton, m. Sarepta, dau. of Cornelius Moore of Lancaster, res. near Bol- ton depot. Had George H., b. July 26, 1837, m. Lavinia K., dau. of Capt. Silas Sawyer, res., Lancaster; Persis B., b. July 12, 1S40; Emily T., b. Dec. 20, 1845; Oliver B., b. Aug. 18, 1848; Hannah L., b. Feb. 23, 185 1 ; Sarah L., b. June 12, 1853. Shed. July 20, 1854. DAKIN. Joel Deiki)!, from Sudbury, m., Nov. 30, 181 5, Betsey Powers, dau. of Capt. Henry; he was a partner with Caleb Houghton in the wire drawing business. DAII.KV. Ebenezer Dailey, b. Oct. 29, 1823, s. of Gideon, m. Elizabeth (Babcock) Wheeler, dau. of Ephraim Bab- cock, wid. of Joel L. Wheeler, Nov. 29, i860; is a carpenter; lives in the west part on the Winship place; came here in 1866. Had Cora A., b. Jan. 6,. 1862, ra. William E. Smith April 21, 1886; Alice, b. Sept., 1863, m. Sullivan Stevens; Edward E., b. April I, 1866; Mary E., b. Jan. 15, 1868, m. Wil- liam Whitman. Mr. Dailey was in the late war in Co. F, 13th Regt., Mass. Vols. 334 HISTORY OF THE DAVIS. George C. Davis and family res. here about 1870, lie built the house now owned by John Burke, north of the Central Mass. railroad, northwest of Carter- ville; had four children; present res.. Hudson. I>AV. Jo/ill L. Day, s. of Isaac of Southboro, b. April 10, 1843, m. Julia A., dau. of George F. Wheeler, April 5. 1866: came to Berlin in 1869; lives on the place lately occupied by his father-in-law ; he was out in service under two enlistments; is a musician and barber. Had Forest E., b. Dec. 23, 1866; Lewis E., b. July 3, 1869. Forest E. Day, s. of John L., m., Nov. I'j , 1889, Grace H., dau. of Sewell H. Merrill ; he is a provision -dealer; lives in the Bullard house. Lezcis E. Day, s. of John L.. m., Feb. 6, 1890, Alice P., dau. of Paul A. Randall, res., Fryville, Bolton. Had Myra A., b. July 22, 1890; Lena J., b. 1892. Milton Day, b. April 7, 1832, s. of Ambrose of Westfield. m., June 19, 1857. Joanna, dau. of Dea. John Parker; was a shoemaker and farmer, res. on Sawyer hill, where Willard G. Bruce now lives. He d. July I, 1889. DERBY. Alfreei C. Derby, b. in Randolph. Vt.. Aug. 13, 1824. m.. May 15, 1856. Charlotte, dau. of Seth Fisher of Northfield. ^Lass., b. Feb. 10. 1836; he lived in Sterling about twelve years ; bought the Welcome TOWN OF BERLIN. 335 Barnes place in 1874, where he still resides. Had Lizzie Jane, b. June 6, 1858. m. Clarence E. Spofford; Oliver Dexter, b. May 20, 1869, m. Eunice, dau. of Philo Bruce, Nov. 29, 189 1. DEWEY James M. Di'iccj,h. July 31, 1826, m. vSusan, dau. of Abel B. vStevens, May 14, 1873; she was b. Feb. 18,1833. They moved here from Orange Oct. 9, 1884, and live on the Roswell Bliss place. DEXTER, John Dcxtir, Jr., bought the Bullard house and store in 1 796 of Moses Pollard ; sold same to Solomon Howe in 1 803 ; no record of family. DIXSMORE. Pcrlcy Diiisuwrc m. tiannah (roldthwait in 1831 ; he lived on the John Hudson place; later on the William Fry place. DUDLEY. Moses Dudley, s. of Benjamin of vSudbury, b. Nov. 25, 181 1, m. Susan M. Bliss of Walpole, Mass., Dec. 7, 1837; ^^ lived in the east part on the Willard Brigham place. Had Elizabeth N., b. May 28, 1839, d. young; Mary A., b. June 19, 1841, m. John L. Cashman; Luman B., b. March 9, 1843, ^- June 23, 1858; Adelaide E., b. April 4, 1845, in. George W. Houghton; Martha A., b. June 29, 1847, m., Jan. 26, 1867, Frank Pierce; George A., b. June 9, 1849, 336 HISTORY OF THE m. Frances A. Goodwin, res., Hudson; Edward H.,. b. May 23, 1852, d. Jan. 8, 1868. jSIoses d. April 29, 1891. PUGAN. MicJiacI J. Dugaii, from Bolton, b. July 12, 1869, s. of Thomas, m. Annie O. Malley of Clinton Dec. 25, 1893 ; he settled on the Silas Greenlief farm in 1892. Had George Francis, b. Sept. 24, 1894. DUNN. Abncr C. Dunn, lived near the Marlboro line, east of the Lyman Morse place ; the road to his house was across Joseph Carley's place. EAGER. Augustus Eager of Westminster m. Lucv Ellen, dau. of Josiah Babcock; he d. ]\Iarch 24, 1871. Had Charles D., b. Jan. 27, 1861 ; William S., b. Jan. 28, 1868; wid., Lucy E., m., 2d, George W. Ames, and s., W^illiam S., res. with her; he is a florist and a raiser of early vegetables ; unm. Char Us D. Eager, s. of Augustus, m. Lilla M., dau. of Pliny B. Southwick, ]\Iay 14, 1885 ; has been a provision dealer here, but now is living in Boston. Had Harold, b. Sept. 18, 1886, d. July 13, 1887; Mil- dred, b. April 29, 1889, d. June 23, 1890; Marion, b. Feb. 16, 1 89 1. Wife d. Feb. 25, 1893. EGERV. Nathan Egcry m. Sibella, dau. of Dr. Benjamin Nourse, in 1 797 ; he lived on the Chandler Carter TOWN OF BERLIN. 32 1 Daniel H. Carter', Amory', Daniel"', Stanton', m. Lucy Ann, dan. of Leonard Hartwell, April 8, 1840; he settled first in the west part, on the place where Ebenezer Dailey now lives; rem. to Hopedale in 1849; was one of the early members of the commu- nity; thence he returned to the homestead of his mother on Sawyer hill in 1863; went to Athol in 1882; returned and bought the place where he now lives, in Carterville, in 1884; they have an adopted dau.. Flora Jane, who m. Benjamin vS. Walker, who res. with them. Oliver Carte?-', vSamuel', Daniel', Stanton', m. Polly Warner April 30, 1834; he lived on Barnes hill after he came to Berlin, on the place recently owned by S. S. Greenlief. Had by Polly, Oliver W., b. April 10, 1836; Sarah F., b. Dec. 6, 1838. Wife, Polly, d. Feb. 28, 1842; m., 2d, Mary vSophia, dau. of Daniel Barnes, Feb. 8, 1848. Had by Mary Sophia, Mary Dilly, m., April 22, 1875, Dennis E. Wheeler of Ber- lin, res., Leominster; wSamuel Marshall, b. March 3, 185 1, m., ^March 4, 1875, vSarah L., dau. of Silas S. Greenlief, res., Gardner; Julia B., b. Oct. 31, 1853; Everett M., b. March 8, 1858. He d. Jan. 31, 1871 ;, the family rem. to Lancaster. William Barnes Carter", Leonard', Daniel', Stanton', m. Mary Adella, dau. of Amos Sawyer, Jr., ; he set- tled in Georgia; wife, Mary, d. during the war; he returned with children. Had Addie Adella, b. July II, i858,m. George ^L Southwick; William A., b. Mar. 4. 1861 ; m., 2d, July 12, 1870, Mary A. Fowler of Springfield; had Horace Choate, b. April 7, 1871. He now res. in Springfield ; is a music teacher. 32 2 HISTORY OF THE Lewis L. Carter*, Lewis', Daniel', Stanton', ni., April 5, 1849, Susan E. Phelps of Marlboro and dau. of Mrs. Paul Brigham ; he lives on the Thomas Brig-- ham farm in the west part. Had Sidney Brigham, b. Sept. 23, 1852; Lewis Paul, b. Jan. 17. 1856; Cora Lsabelle, b. June 17, i860, m. Feb. 21, 1879, Calvin Hastings of Boylston; two children d. in infancy. Silas R. Cartcr\ Lewis', Daniel"', vStanton', m., July 13, 1856, Emily Crowell of Barnard, Vt. ; he is station agent at the Old Colony railroad at the west part, and dealer in grain, coal and groceries. Had Willard Crowell, b. March 8, 1858; Eugene Francis and Eugenia Frances, twins, b. Aug. 12, i860, Eugenia F. d. ; Lucy A., b. Aug. i, 1862, m., Oct. 20, 1 89 1, Albert R. Carter of Leominster; Silas Rolla, b. April 8, 1868; remains at home with his father. Ira O. Carter', s. of Lewis', Daniel"', vStanton", m. Susan F. Shattuck of Groton March 6, i860. Had two children, d. in infancy. He d. Feb. 13, 1885; wife d. Oct. 18, 1892. He was substantially a self-made man. Aside from the meagre advantages of the west school, he attended Mr. Bride's school one term and was at the New Ipswich Academy six months ; after, wards went to Kentucky and was a professor in Paducah College; came home on the breaking out of the war; later attended the Harvard Law School six months, and then engaged in the practice of the law at Arlington; was judge of the District Court at the time of his death. Jonas H. Carter', Lewis', Daniel', Stanton', m. An- netta L., dau. of Lemuel R. Draper of Hopkinton, SILAS R. CARTER. TOWN OF BERLIN. 323 Nov. 30, 1 87 1 ; he remains on the homestead of his father. Had Lemuel D., b. Oct. 25, 1873; Eva L., b. April 6, 18S1 ; Lucie H., b. Oct. 7, 1884. Sidney B. Carter", Lewis L'., Lewis', Daniel', Stan- ton', m. J. Etta, dan. of George W. Fosgate, Dec. 25, 1878; he lives in the west part on the Clinton road in house he built for himself ; he is a carpenter. Had Ruea E., b. Feb. 16, 1887; George L., b. March 16, 1891. Lewis P. Carter, s. of Lewis L., m. Ada E., dau. of James ]\L vSimonds, July 2, 1881 ; is a machinist, res., Worcester. Had L. Herbert, b. Jan. 31, 1885; Ralph S., b. Dec. 12, 1887. d. Nov. 26, 1889; Irving E., b. Aug. 22, 1889; Milton P., b. Sept. 4, 1892. Wife d. 1 894. Willard C. Carter, s. of Silas R., m., Nov. 17, 1880, Jennie F., dau. of Josiah Moore, res., Clinton; station agent of Old Colony Railroad. Eugene F. Carter, s. of vSilas R., m., Feb., 1891, Oeorgiana, dau. of Theodore Hendricks, res., Nor- walk, Conn. Elbridge G. Carter', Danforth', Daniel", Stanton', m., Aug. 4, 1850, Betsey C, dau. of Asa Carter; she d. Sept. 20, 1850; m., 2d, July 20, 1852, Georgiana, dau. of George Maynard. res., Hudson. Two chil- dren: George L, b. Mar. 5, 1854, Leona L., b. May 2, 1850. Thomas Steadman Carter , Danforth', Daniel', wStan- ton', m., Sept. 16, 1863, Mary Leland of Sherborn, res., Hudson. 324 HISTORY OF THE Sa)ui/crson Carter, Stanton', m., Nov. 10, 1788^ Hannah Allen, dan. of Jotham Maynard, 2d ; he settled on the farm later known as the John M. Kelley place, the house probably the oldest in town. Had Luther, b. Jan. 15, 1790; Hannah, b. Feb. 28, 1793, m. Warren Moore; Zilpah, b. July 9. 1798, m. Daniel Bartlett ; Chloe, b. April 12, 181 2, d. vSept. 27, 1873, unm. He was deacon of the old Unitarian Church; d. Aug. 30, 1841 ; wid. d. July 9, 1859. Luther Cartir\ Sanderson"', Stanton', m., March 24, 181 1, Lucy, dau. of Christopher B. Bigelow ; he set- tled first on the place now owned by William T. Babcock, thence rem. to Carterville and was the founder thereof ; was the inventor of plastering" houses on the outside. Had by wife. Ivory, b. Feb. 29, 181 2 ; Betsey, b. March 20, 18 14, m, Ira Brigham, she d.. April 12, 1856; Hannah, b. Feb. 17, 18 18, m. Lewis H. Barnard; Persis, b. March 15. 1821, m. Thomas Pollard; Lucy, b. Oct. 27, 1825, m. Ezra S. Moore. Wife, Lucy, d. Nov. 27, 1850. He m., 2d, Betsey Andrews, wid. of Asa of Boylston ; he d. Aug. 8, 1865. Ivory Cartcr\ Luther', vSanderson\ Stanton', m., Nov. II, 1833, Olive Smith, sister to Riley Smith and Mrs. Israel Sawyer ; he lived in Carterville, where his s., I. F. Carter, has since occupied. Had Laura E., b. Aug. 22, 1834, m. John A. Merrill, d. Aug. 28, 1866; Israel Francis, b. Feb. 6, 1839. Ivory d. Nov. 6, 18 50; Olive, wid., d. Jan. 30, 1887. Israel Franeis Carter", Ivory', Luther', vSanderson% Stanton', m. Susan j\I. Wood, dau. of Alonzo Wood of Marlboro; he continued on his father's REMAINS OF OLDEST iiuUSE. ( SANDERSON CARTER I'LACE.) TOWN' OF BERLIN 325 place ; was a soldier in the late war, and was partially- deaf after his return from service. Had Emma E., b. Sept. 16, 1861, m. Charles H. Green Jan. ii, 1880, d. Dec. 4, 1885 ; Laura M., b. March 25, 1870. He d. Feb. 19, 1893; wife, Susan, d. April i, 1887. Stanton Carter", Stanton', m., April 5, 1797, Chloe Maynard, sister of the wife of Sanderson Carter ; settled in Stockton, Me. Had Asa, b. March 10, 1798. Wife, Chloe, d. 1799; m., 2d, Dec. 10, 1800, Abigail Bride, dau. of James. Asa Carter, Stanton', Stanton', m., Sarah A Lamphire ; she d., he m., 2d, Eleanor Carlton of Deer Isle, ^Nle.; they came thence to Berlin in 1848 with nine daughters. He d. Oct. 3, 1850, at 53 vrs. ; she d. Dec. 19, 1876, at 75 yrs. Children: Eleanor C, b. Mar. 17, 1824. m., Aug. 16, 1846, Riley Smith; Susan B., b. Oct. 23, 1825, m., Nov. 28, 1846, Joseph W. Merrill; she d. July 2, i849;Thirza A., b. Nov. 4, 1827, m. Seth W. Merrill, 1844; she d. in Berlin Nov. 4, 1850; Betsey C, b. 1830. m. Elbridge Carter Aug. 4, 1850; she d. Sept. 20, 1850; Margaret S., b. Oct. 2. 1833, m., July 25, 1850, Phineas Stratton ; m., 2d, May 17, 1861, D. W. Warner, res., Boylston; Huldah A., b. Dec. 26, 1835, m., Jan. 2, 1853, Seth W. Merrill, res., Hudson; Mary E., b. Feb. 14, 1838, m., May i, 1856, Charles T. Vinals; she d. Nov., 1865; Zilpah M., b. May 6, 1840, m., :SIarch 15, 1857, Gustavus Smith; she d. Nov. 23, 1857; Julia Alice, b. Nov. 26, 1843, m., Sept. 3, 1862, James G. Ramsdell of Philadelphia. They have, besides these, a dau., Chloe, m. Thomas Lamphire of Lubec, Me. They 326 HISrORY OF THE had three sons killed in the army ; had also a s., Asa^ in vStockton, Me. ; Jemima, dau. of Stanton, vSr., m. Levi Ellis of Stockton. CARTWRIGHT, Francis James Cartivright, b. Aug". 8, 1787, in Co, Derby, Eng., m. Mary Barker; came over in 1844;. two sons preceded him, viz.: Daniel, b. Nov. 18, 1815; Algernon, b. March 31, 18 18; Elizabeth, b, 1827, came over with parents, d. May 9, 1874; Frances J., d. Oct. 7, 1871, at 84; wife d. Nov. 20,. 1868, at 82; lived last with Algernon. Daniel Cartxvright, s. of James F., m.. Salina, dan., of James Horsley, Co. Derby, Eng., 1838; was a carpenter; lived in the south part. Had Thomas, b> July 3, 1839; Nathaniel H., b. Oct. 19, 1841 ; James, b. Dec. 24, 1843, d. Jan. 12, 1861 ; Charles D., b. April 29, 1847; Eliza A., b. Sept. 28, 1849, ^- J^^i, 18, 1869; Lucy E., b. Nov. 19, 1851, m. George L> Howe; Mary S., b. Sept. 4, 1854, d. July 14, 1856, He d. Dec. 28, 1890; she d. j\Iarch 23, 1892. Algernon Cartzvrig/it, s. of James F., m. Sarah E.,, dau. of Lewis Carter, March 31, 1858; a custom shoemaker; res. on the Hudson road, place before owned by Smith Dyar. Had Mar\% b. July 15, 1859, m. A. F. Pierce June 10, i879r vSarah E., b. June 20, 1 86 1, m. Samuel H. Wheeler of Bolton June 24, 1886; Walter A., b. vSept. 23, 1863, m. Annie L. Orr of Lynn; James L,, b. March 15, 1865,. m. Oct. I, 1890, Hattie F. Pike, res., Hudson; Annie S., b. Nov. 27, 1869. TOWN OF BERLIN. 327 Nathaniel H. Cartwright, s. of Daniel, m. Abbie, dau. of William George Hapgood, March i, 1865 ; is a shoemaker, res., South Berlin, house built bv Alonzo F. Howe. Had Cora Belle, b. April 25,1 866, d. young ; Fred H., b. March 13, 1867; George Herbert and Harry Elroy, twins, b. Oct. 19, 1874. The three sons excel as musicians. CARVELLE. Charles W. Carve lie, s. of Daniel W., b. Feb. 23, 185 1, m., July 31, 1869, Margaret F., dau. of Nathan Stowell, b. June 27, 1848; moved to Berlin in 1877 on the Samuel J. Moore place; in 1887 came to the old Daniel Carter farm. Had Wesley D., b. June 30, 1873; Laverna C, b. Jan. 27, 1875, d. Dec. 30, 1879; Nathan S., b. Aug. 23, 1879. CHAMBERLIN. spencer C. Chamberlin from Thetford, Vt., m. Hen- rietta J., dau. of Henry Hastings; w^as a shoemaker; was in the service in the late war in Co. I, 36th Regt. ; rem. to New Bedford, where he still resides. Had by Henrietta, Ola L., b. April 11, 1859, d. Nov. 4, 1887; Spencer C, b. June 21, 1862; Erwin H., b. Aug. 29, 1865, m. in 1893, res.. New Bedford; Lula k., b. May 15, 1868, m. and d. in New Bedford. Wife d. Aug. 12, 1884 ; m., 2d, in New Bedford. Spencer Carlton Chamber lin, Jr., s. of Spencer C, m. Minnie E. Fay, dau. of Nahum W., Jan. 26, 1893 ^ he is our mail carrier and lives in the Centre. 328 HISTORY OF THE COBURN. Henry D. Cobnrn, s. of Leonard Coburn of Lynn and grands, of Job of Dracut, was b. Aug. 16, 18 14, m., Nov. 13, 1833, Hannah, dau. of Daniel vSawyer of Bolton; he settled on the place now occupied by his s. Joseph's wid., Mar}' E. Coburn; he was a shoe- maker; had a shop near his house, where he carried on the business of bottoming shoes. Had by wife, Hannah, Hannah M., b. March 5, 1835, m. Ansel L. Snow; vSusanna, b. March 8, 1838, d. young; Joseph L., b. March 10, 1840; William H., b. Feb. 16, 1842; enlisted in the army under age, and d. of wounds received in the battle of the "Wilderness. Wife, Hannah, d. Dec. 19, 1866, age 55 ; he m., 2d, April 27, 1870, Mrs. vSarah H., wid. of Amos Sawyer; an adopted dau., Izora, d. Oct. 14, 1863, age 17. He d. in Lynn ]\Iay 21, 1892. Joseph L. Coburn, s. of Henry D., m. ]\Iary E., dau. of George W. Maynard, Oct. 18, i860; he was a shoe- maker; lived on his father's place; he d. Nov. 26, 1883. Had Cora Mabel, b. Dec. 27, 1864, d. March 3, 1872; William Henry, b. Oct. 5, 1874; Roscoe E., b. Jan. 19, 1882. William Coburn, bro. of Henry D., m. Catherine, dau. of Daniel vSawyer of Bolton, in 1836; she d. March 2, 1852, age 36 yrs. ; m., 2d, Ann Maley; she d. June 5, 1866. He d. March 25, 1876, at 63; lived at various places. COLLINS. JoJin Collins, b. in Ireland ; worked several years in Northboro ; finally settled on the Joel Proctor place TOWN OF BERLIN. 329 in the northwest part of this town; he d. Oct. 20, 1887; wife, Mary A., d. Aug. 2, 1886. Had James, b. ; John, b. Aug. 2, 1863. JoJui Collins, Jr., m. IVIar)- A. jMcXulty April 22, 1890: he retains the homestead. Had John F., b. March 27, 1891, d. Aug. 25, 1891 ; James R., b. May 10, 1892; Benjamin H., b. May 26, 1894. CONANT. Josiali Coiumt m. Lucy Harris of Concord; lived in the Amos Sawyer house ; he was the most thorough 'millwright of this region; he had a shop and water power on land now owned by Granville Butler. Had Harriet A., b. Oct. 19, 1814. d. April 19, 1884, unm.; Lucy Ann, b. Oct. 18, 18 16, m. Levi Houghton; William Franklin, b. Sept. 14, 1818; ]Mary, b. May 29, 1825, m. Franklin Moore of Monson. Fled. June 10, 1848, age 57; wid. d. July 17, 1875, age 86. \Villiai)i F. Co]iaiii, s. of Josiah, m. Mary A. Bur- dett of Clinton; she d. June 30. 1855; he m., 2d, Mary Houghton of Bolton; they left one child, Arthur; he lived on the place now owned by Zoheth B. Woodbury; built that house; he was a good mill- wright and put in many water wheels. He d. Aug. 21, 1882; Mary, wid., d. in Pawtucket, R. L, 1884. COOLIDGE. John Coolidgc is counted ancestor of those in this vicinity; he was in Watertown in 1636. Moses Coolidgc bought house and land of Benjamin Baker at north end of Oates' pond in 1779; sold to 330 H1>T0RY OF THE Joel Fosgate in 1795; Joseph Howe once owned the- premises ; no other record. Stephen Coolidge, m., May 31, 1785, Lavina, dan. of Samuel Jones, Jr. ; he lived on the place now owned by Frank H. Grossman. Had Luther, b. Jan. 9, 1786; Caleb, b. Dec. 21, 1787; Sally, b. Sept. 29, 1789; John B., b. Aug. 29, 1791 ; Merrick, b. Jan. 13, 1794. Wife, Lavina, d. ; m., 2d, Betsey Wetherbee vSept. I, 18 18. Caleb Coolidgc, s. of Stephen, m. Sophia, dau. of Martyn Newton of Northboro. Had Albert, b. Jan. 7, 18 18; Henry, b. June 22, 18 19; Merrick, b. April 12, 1821; Amory, b. Oct. 11, 1823. Caleb d. in Berlin in 1824. The s., Merrick, at two yrs. old strayed from home at dusk; all the neighbors were searching the brooks and woods through the night ; next day hundreds came together; the child was. found at the "Fountains," near present home of N. ^L Allen, about i o'clock, with chilled and swollen limbs, but soon recovered. Albert d. in Worcester in 1884; Henry went to Michigan, d. in 1893 ; Mer- rick lived on the Taylor Maynard place in Northboro, m. Mary Ann Stone Nov. 27, 185 i; he d. Oct. 11, 1888 ; had three children ; Amory lived in NorthborO' was a seaman, d. in 1869. COTTING. Josiah Cotting, s. of Dr. Josiah of Southboro and descendant of Josiah who settled in Roxbury in 1637, i^- Betsey, dau. of Capt. William Barnes, in 1820. Had George Augustine, b. 1821 ; Sarah B., b. 1823 ; Ella H., b. 1825 ; both daus. d. young. TOWN OF BERLIN. 33 r George A. Cotting,^ Josiah,' m. Jerusha Vose of Sud- bury ; he settled first just over the line in Boylston, the first house west of George H. Barnes'; thence rem. to Hudson, where he d. in 1892; they were mostly connected with Berlin ; he was a school teacher in his younger days; was justice of the peace. This generous descendant has honorably erected a fine granite monument in our cemetery commemorative of his ancestry, ''Ex uno discc onincsr Had no chil- dren. COULSON. /. Edimind Con /sou, from Cambridge, Eng., m., April II, 1893, Carrie P., dau. of Ira Jones; lives on the Jones homestead. Had Cyril Edmund, b. ^March 4, 1894. GROSSMAN. Joliii ]]\ Crossjiian, s. of Abishur of Boylston, b. Jan. 9, i8o6,m.. May 4, 1837, Evelina Phelps of Lancaster, b. Nov., 1806; he lived on the place formerly occu- pied by Stephen Coolidge and now owned by his s., Frank H. Had one child d. in infancy; Frank H., b. Jan. 12, 1846. Frank H. Crossmaii, s. of John W., m. LeliaM. Farwell of Fitchburg Jan. 12, 1870, dau. of Abel and Sarah; he is a machinist; worked some years in Fitchburg; is our present town clerk. Had Alice B., b. July 29,. 1872, m. Ernest Bickford; Walter I., b. Nov. 5, 1874; Harrison A., b. vSept. 21, 1876; Agnes B., b. July 1 1, 1882. The parents of wife, Lelia M., both d. here, John F. Crossman, an adopted s. of John W., b. Apr. 10, i843,m. Annie M. Evans, dau. of Amos of Clinton; 332 HIsrORV OF J HE he lives on the Hudson road, next beyond ^■'''rank H. ; was a soldier in the late war of Co. I, 36th Re<^t. Had Ernest L., b. May 17, 1870, m,, Nov. 30, 1892, vSarah T. Phillips, res.. Hudson ; Charles L., b. Dec. 10, 1873, d. April 10, 1876; Charles E., b. Oct. 18, 1881 ; Cora Bell, b. April 27, 1883; Alia H.. b. Dec. 7, 1886. Piter Crossuian and wife, Elizabeth, were (Juakers from Gloucester, R. I., 1785 ; he d. on the vSanderson Carter place in 1795. CROSBV. JosiaJi Crosby, from Scotland, m. Seraphina, dau. of Samuel Brigham ; lived on the Dr. Daniel Brigham place; was a tailor. He d. here vSept. 15, 1866, age 84 yrs. ; she d. in Nashua, N. H., 1870. Had Nancy, d. young; Josiah Q., b. Feb. 28, 1830, was a soldier in the late war, lost an arm, is in the treasury depart- ment, Washington, D. C. ; William H., b. Dec. 26, 1833, lives in Washington, D. C, a proprietor of the National Hotel. CHRISTV. Rev. Albert Barnes Christy, s. of Dea. Moses Christy of Greenwich, Conn.; ordained here July, 1879; m., Sept 6, 1879, Wilhelmina Lindsey of Fairhaven, Conn. ; he was pastor of the Orthodox Congregational Church ; was dismissed in 1882 to answer a call to the church in Conway; later had pastorate of the Congregational Church, Hudson, Ohio, and now is settled in New Mexico. Had two children while here. Bertha and Martha Peters. TOWN OF BERLIN. 333 CLARKE. Ri'v. Ehcr L. Clarke was res. hereabout 1830-40- with family. Julius L. Clarke, late state auditor, was his s. Julius L. m. Sarah, dau. of Alvin vSaw- yer. May 2"], 1840. CUTTING. George Cutting, s. of Asa of Templeton, m. Sarepta, dau. of Cornelius Moore of Lancaster, res. near Bol- ton depot. Had George H., b. July 26, 1837, m. Lavinia K.. dau. of Capt. Silas Sawyer, res.. Lancaster; Persis B., b. July 12, 1840; Emily T., b. Dec. 20,. 1845; Oliver B., b. Aug. 18, 1848; Hannah L., b. Feb. 23, 1851; vSarah L., b. June 12, 1853. Shed. July 20, 1854. DAKIX. Joel Dakiii, from Sudburv, m., Nov. 30, 1 8 i 5, Betsey Powers, dau. of Capt. Henry; he was a partner with Caleb Houghton in the wire drawino- business, DAII.KV. Elhiiezer Dailey, b. Oct. 29, 1823, s. of Gideon, m. Elizabeth (Babcock) Wheeler, dau. of Ephraim Bab- cock, wid. of Joel L. Wheeler, Nov. 29, i860; is a carpenter; lives in the west part on the Winship place; came here in 1866. Had Cora A., b. Jan. 6,. 1862, m. William E. Smith April 21, 1886; Alice, b. Sept., 1863, m. Sullivan Stevens; Edward E., b. April I, 1866; Mary E., b. Jan. 15, 1868, m. Wil- liam Whitman. ]Mr. Dailey was in the late war in Co. F, 13th Regt., Mass. Vols. 334 HISTORV OF THE DAVIS. George C. Davis and family res. here about 1870, he built the house now owned by John Burke, north of the Central Mass. railroad, northwest of Carter- ville; had four children; present res., Hudson. DAY. Jo/ni L. Day, s. of Isaac of Southboro, b. April 10, 1843, ni. Julia A., dau. of George F. Wheeler, April 5 , 1 866 ; came to Berlin in 1 869 ; lives on the place lately occupied by his father-in-law ; he was out in service under two enlistments; is a musician and barber. Had F'orest E., b. Dec. 23, 1866; Lewis E., b. July 3, 1869. Forest E. Day, s. of John L., m,, Nov. 27, 1889, Grace H., dau. of Sewell H. Merrill; he is a provision dealer; lives in the Bullard house. Lcivis E. Day, s. of John L.. m., Feb. 6, 1890, Alice P., dau. of Paul A. Randall, res., Fryville, Bolton. Had Myra A., b. July 22, 1890; Lena J., b. 1892. Milton Day, b. April 7, 1832, s. of Ambrose of Westfield, m., June 19, 1857, Joanna, dau. of Dea. John Parker; was a shoemaker and farmer, res. on Sawyer hill, where Willard G. Bruce now lives. He d. July I, 1889. DERBY. Alfred C. Derby, b. in Randolph, Vt., Aug. 13, 1824, m., May 15, 1856, Charlotte, dau. of Seth Fisher of Northfield, Mass., b. Feb. 10, 1836; he lived in Sterling about twelve years ; bought the Welcome TOWN OF BERLIN. 335 Barnes place in 1874, where he still resides. Had Lizzie Jane, b. June 6, 1858. m. Clarence E. vSpofford; •Oliver Dexter, b. May 20, 1869, m. Eunice, dau. of Philo Bruce, Nov. 29, 1891. DEWEY. James M. Dewey, h. ]\.\\y 2,1, 1826, m. vSusan, dau. ■of Abel B. Stevens, May 14, 1873; she was b. Feb. 18, 1833. They moved here from Orange Oct. 9, 1884, and live on the Roswell Bliss place. DEXTER. John Dexter, Jr., bought the Bullard house and store in 1 796 of Moses Pollard ; sold same to Solomon Howe in 1803 ; no record of family. DINSMORE. Perley Diiisviore m. Hannah Goldthwait in 1831 ; he lived on the John Hudson place ; later on the William Fry place. DUDLEY. Jl/oses Dudley, s. of Benjamin of Sudbury, b. Nov. 25, 181 1, m. vSusan M. Bliss of Walpole, Mass., Dec. 7, 1837; h^ lived in the east part on the Willard Brigham place. Had Elizabeth N., b. May 28, 1839, d. young; Mary A., b. June 19, 1841, m. John L. Cashman; Luman B., b. March 9, 1843, d. June 23, 1858; Adelaide E., b. April 4, 1845, m. George W. Houghton; Martha A., b. June 29, 1847, m., Jan. 26, 1867, Frank Pierce; George A., b. June 9, 1849, 336 HISTORY OF THE m. Prances A. Goodwin, res., Hudson; Edward H.,. b. May 23, 1852, d. Jan. 8, 1868. Moses d. April 29, 1 89 1 , DUG AX. Michael J. Diii^aii, from Bolton, b. July 12, 1869, s. of Thomas, m. Annie O. Malley of Clinton Dec. 25, 1893 ; he settled on the Silas Greenlief farm in 1892. Had George Francis, b. Sept. 24, 1894. DUNN. Abncr C. Duiui, lived near the Marlboro line, east of the Lyman ]\Iorse place ; the road to his house was across Joseph Carley's place. EAGER. Augustus Eager of Westminster m. Lucy Ellen, dau. of Josiah Babcock ; he d. March 24, 1871. Had Charles D., b. Jan. 27, 1861 ; WilHam S., b. Jan. 28, 1868; wid., Lucy E., m., 2d, George W. Ames, and s., William S., res. with her; he is a florist and a raiser of early vegetables; unm. Charles D. Eai^er, s. of Augustus, m. Lilla M., dau. of Pliny B. Southwick, ]SLay 14, 1885 ; has been a provision dealer here, but now is living in Boston. Had.Harold, b. Sept. 18, 1886, d. July 13, 1887; Mil- dred, b. April 29, 1889, d. June 23, 1890; Marion, b. Feb. 16, 1 89 1. Wife d. Feb. 25, 1893. EGERV. Nathati Egery m. Sibella, dau. of Dr. Benjamin Nourse, in 1 797 ; he lived on the Chandler Carter f"'' >^ V .^^KkMff^^' mm* ■ OLIVER FOSOATK. GEO. W. KO.SGATE. JOHN G. FOSGATE. NIKS. H kK. FOSGATK. MEM RICK KEl-TO.N. Ll'KE KOSGAIE. JACOH KKI.TO.N. MRS. <;. \V. 10.>)GATE. JOEL 11. lr)SGATE. REUHEN r. KOSGATE. TOWN OF BERLIN. 337 place when the old house stood on the premises. Had Nabby, b. Nov. 13, 1797: Daniel N., b. Nov. 26, 1805 ; no other record. ELLIS. PJiilo J/. Ellis and wife, Charlotte, from Boston, succeeded Jonathan D. Meriam, Esq., on the present "Berlin Hotel" place; no record of their deaths. Had George S. Abbott, b. Oct. 16, 1843, m. Amada, dau. of John Wheeler, res., Leominster; he was a soldier in the late war on the quota of Berlin. Philo had two other children, viz., George M. and Mary Jane, who d. within two days of each other, Feb. 14 and Feb. 16, 1842. EM). John End, a native of Ireland, came to Berlin in 1856, m. Ellen McCarty in 185 i ; lived on the Clinton road, next to the shoe shop. Had Mary C, b. Feb. 26, 1852; vSarah, b. Oct. 25, 1853; Thomas, b. Jan, 4, 1855, ^- J"ne 15, 1882; Mary E., b. July 19, 1857; Ellen L., b. Aug. 8, 1859; Caroline M., b. Sept. 8, 1861 ; Daniel F., b. Oct. 20, 1863; Ann J., b. Feb. 7, 1865, d. May 20, 1883. He d. vSept. 8, 1882, at 74. FAIRBANKS. Ephraini Eairbanks, who settled on our territory, was a descendant of Jonas Fairbanks, one of the first proprietors of Lancaster. This Jonas had a s., Jabez, b. 1670, who was noted as an Indian fighter and a terror to their tribes; he had good reasons; his 23 33 S HISTORY OF THE father and brother Joshua were killed in the Lancas- ter massacre of 1676, when Mrs. Rowlandson was carried away a captive, and also in 1697, his s., Jonas, and dan., Grace, together with another bro., Jonathan, were killed, hence we may well believe that Jabez's native energy was terribly urged by his childhood reminiscences and manhood experiences ; he settled on the homestead of his father in South Lancaster. Had a s., Jabez, b. 1694, who was the father of our Ephraim, b. 1724; this Jabe/. was prob- ably the first settler on the I^^iirbanks place hereafter described. Ephraim Fairbanks m. Achsah ; he Hved in the north part of the town; his house stood at the corner of the vSouthwick road with the main road to Bolton; he was a prominent and an influential citizen of the town in all its early history; he d. Nov. 18, 1799, and was buried in Bolton old cemetery. Had Thankful, b. Jan. 31, 1746, d. in Berlin unm. ; Mar}% b. Feb. 4, 1748, d. 1765; Achsah, b. March 18, 1751, d. young; Ephraim, b. June 28, 1753, m. Prudence Wilder in 1774; Jabez, b. Nov. 22, 1755 ; Hephzibah, b. Feb. 26, 1758 ; Jonathan, b. Feb. 26, 1761 ; Kesiah, b. April 26, 1763, m. James Goddard, 2d; Manasseh, b. Dec. 20, 1765; Caleb, b. July 30, 1768, m. Molly, dau. of Dea. James Goddard, res., Canada. Ephraim Fairbanks', Ephraim', m. Prudence Wilder Nov. 21, 1774. Had Molly, b. Jan. 7, 1776; Ephraim, b. June II, 1778 ; no other record. Ephraim Fairbanks', Ephraim^ Ephraim', m. Lucy, dau. of William Babcock, vSr., May 30, 1807. Had Nancy A., b. Dec. 4, 1808; Charles P., b. April 15, TOWN OF BERLIN. 339 1810; Sarah M., b. 18 14. The family skipped to Canada. Jabcz Fairbanks", Ephraim', m., July 27, 1778, Lucy, dau. of Col. vSilas Bailey; they lived between Leom- inster and Westminster. Had by Lucy, Lucy and Silas. This Silas was father to our Col. Silas B. Fairbanks, who settled in Hudson. Wife, Lucy, d. ; he m., 2d, Betty, dau. of Judge Samuel Baker; by her had Jabez and Polly. He d. about 1 794. Jonathan Fairbanks", Ephraim', m. Parna, dau. of Phineas Howe, Jan. 12, 1786. Had Jonathan, Phineas, Achsah and Parnell, twins. Wife d. 1793; m.. 2d, Susannah Koon of Maine in 1795. Had by vSusannah, Cressy, b. Nov. 26, 1 796 ; vSophia, b. Aug. 16, 1779. The family rem. to Marlboro, N. H. By tradition he became a Methodist preachei. Manassih J-'airbanks\ Ephraim', m. Abigail, dau. of vSilas Howe, in 1785; he retained the homestead. Had Polly, b. ]\Larch 3, 1786, m. Jonathan Hastings of Boylston; Abigail, b. Feb. 23, 1788 ; Silas, b. Aug. 16, 1790; Persis, b. July 6, 1793, d. 1837; Tamer, b. June 5, 1796, m. Joseph Hall of Xewton; Manasseh, b. March 1 1 , 1 799, was a comb-maker and went to sea, d. here 1866 unm. ; John, b. Aug. 10, 1801, m. Han- nah Howe in Northboro ; Sally, b. March i, 1804, m. Isaiah McClench of Hall790.ni. Lucinda Wilkins. dan. of Edward and Sarah W.lfans of Marlboro, in June. ,8.4; he moved to Princeton. Mass.. and carried on the machine eardmg busmess twelve vrs.; in .828 they were living m Feltonv.Ue. and the next year rem. and settled on the place now owned by his grands., Truman P. Felton : he was abro. of Silas Felton, Esq.. the founder of Feltonv.Ue. His wife, Lncinda, d. May 30. .865, at 74 yrs.; m 2d. Mar • Wilkins of Hudson, wid. of Edward Wdkms hro. of Mr. Felton's first wife, March, .868, he hved with her in Wilkinsonville until her death May .8, .875- he later moved back to Berlin, wtoe he d. Au^ 23. .883. aged 9^ yrs. 9 mos.. the oldest man fn town at the time. Had by his w.fe, Lue.nda, HenrvOtis, b. in Marlboro Dec. .2, .8.4; Sylvester, b in Princeton Sept. 5. .8.8. d. in BerUn unm. Sept. 27, .85. ; Merrick, b. in Princeton Aug. 31. 'S^S- 34 6 HISTORY OF THE Henry O. Ju/Zo/i, s. of Jacob, m. in T^imenbiirg' May 7, 1840, Charlotte Phelps; he was a carpenter and had charge of a sa\v-mill in Lunenburg several years and lost a few of his fingers ; some forty years ago he purchased what was known as Barber's grist and saw-mills and also as Pollard's mills at West Berlin, and moved to that place; his wife was instantly killed June 6, 1891, while crossing the Old Colony railroad at West Berlin ; he bought the place lately owned by Rev. Francis Rand, where heandhisdau., Marv E., did reside. Plad by his wife, Charlotte, Maria C, b. March 23, 1841, m. Levi Babcock, d. Aug. 14, 1885; Mary E., b. April 21, 1843, h^s been a school teacher of large experience; George H., b. Aug. 7, 1847; Sarah A., b. April 22, 1850, d. ]\Iarch 2, 1852; Addie L., b. Nov. 6, 1854, m. Levi Babcock. Henry ()., d. ]\Larch 4, 1895. George If. l-elion, s. of Henry C)., m. vSarah Alackey of Xorthboro Aug. 3, 1S84; he succeeded his father in the mill business at West Berlin. Had Walter L., b. Oct. 30, 1884; Gertrude, b. May 8, 1886; Bertha, b. Sept. 27, 1888; ]\Label, b. July 3, 1892. Merrick J''e/toii, s. of Jacob, m. Elizabeth Page of Lunenburg; he is a carpenter ; worked at his trade in Southboro, Clinton and Lawrence, Mass. ; some thirty-five years ago he returned to the old home- stead here in Berlin ; he has now sold the farm to his s., Truman P., retaining, however, for his own use, the cottage house and barn and a few acres con- nected therewith ; he has a house in Fitchburg and spends a portion of his time there. His wife, Elizabeth, d. Sept. 30, 1871, aged 47; hem., 2d, Mary HENRY O. FELTON. TOWN OF BERLIN. 347 B. Priest of Leominster Aug. ii, 1872. Had bv liis wife, Elizabeth, Charles M., b. Jan. 25, 1850, d. Jan. 27, same yr. ; Martha E., b. Oct. 14, 1852, m. George H. Dyer Sept., 1869, was divorced April, 1873; Abbott S., b. Aug. 14, 1855, res., Fitchburg; Marion A., b. Aug. 30, 1858; Truman P., b. Jan. 25, 1862, m. Mary L. Whitcomb, dau. of Amasa A., June 24, 1890; Lucinda E., b. Oct. 10, 1864. Wife, Mary B., d. Dec. 18, 1893. Truman P. Felton is a graduate of the Mass. Agricultural College. FIFE. William and Janus Fife came from Fifeshire, Scot- land, about 1728; the former settled near Bolton depot, where Daniel Marsh now lives ; the latter, James, settled on our territory, the place now owned by Jonas H. Carter. The Fifes of Scotland were distinguished for their bravery and heroism in many a conflict among the Highland clans, and were connected with some of the most notable and distin- guished families of the realm of Scotland. The above-named William, who settled just over the line in Bolton, has had representatives of his family in that vicinity to the present time. William E. Fife of Clinton is of this line. James Fife, above-named, b. 1720, m. Patience, dau. of James Butler, who lived on the John Collins place. He d. June 25, 1779; Patience, his wid., d. March 3, 18 16, at 90. Had James, b. Nov., 1742, d. young; Silas, b. Oct. 4, 1743, m. Abigail Houghton and settled in Monadnock No. 5 ; Molly, b. 1745, m. Robert Hudson, a refugee from the enrollment of the king's armv in Ireland ; Robert, b. March 1 1 , 348 HISTORY OF THE 1747, retained the homestead; Relief, b. 1750, m., 1773, Jonathan Whitcomb. settled in Templeton and had ten children; Patience, b. 175 1, d. youn^; Susannah, b. 1752, m. Capt. Samuel Woods of Marl- boro; Patience, b. 1757, m. her cousin, William Fife of Bolton, in 1786; James, b. 1760, was a soldier in the Revolution, d. tmm. in 1790; Deliverance, b. 1760, m. Israel Maynard; Samuel, b. 1763, d. young; Sarah, b. 1766, d. 1782, "a sweet girl followed to her grave by all her schoolmates ;" Martha, b. 1767, m. James Britain, res., Barre. Vt. Robert Fife, s. of James, m. Hephzibah Bush of Marlboro, now Hudson ; succeeded his father on the homestead. Had Lucy, b. Nov., 1777, d. young; Hannah, b. July 29, 1778. m. Solomon Moore, res., Hillsboro, N. H. ; Lucy, b. May 18, 1780, m. Curtis Pollard of Bolton; Hephzibah, b. Sept. 30, 1781, m. Asa Goss of vSterling; Robert, b. vSept. 3, 1783 ; Jesse, b. Aug. 3, 1785; Sarah, b. 1787, d. 1803. He d. 1787; wid. m., 2d, William Babcock and d. 1826. Robert and Jesse settled in Florida, Mass. FLAGG. Joseph F/(igg, s. of Benjamin Flagg, came from Boyl- ston with family in 1845; he was probably a descendant of Thomas Flagg, who was in Watertown in 1643 ; 1^6 bought the place where his s., Edward W., now lives; from thence rem. to the place recently occupied by Caty Bride in the Centre. His wife was Martha Hastings of Boylston, a sister of Ephraim Hastings, the father of Capt. C. S. Hastings. Had Persis. b. , m. Dana- Rice of Northboro; TOWN OF BERLIN. 349 Levi Lincoln, b. , res., Boylston; Alartha, b. , m. Alexander Grassie Dec. 28, 1853 ; Edward W., b. Jtme 7, 1822; Ezra A., b. 1826, d. March 19, 1856; Seth A., b. , d. ; George E., b. , res., Michigan: Henry Martin, b. Aug. 19, 1830; Cleora ]\I., b. 1834, m. Jonas Bigelow of North- boro March 17, 1858. He d. Oct. 16, 1877, at 75 yrs. ; wid. d. March 16, 1882, at 'jj yrs. Edward JV. F/agg'', Joseph', m. Charlotte Loomis of vSouthboro Nov. 3, 1859; he lives on the old Silas Bailey place ; the house was built by George Abram Babcock of Boston. Had Charles A., b. Aug. 27, i860, was a merchant in Chicago, d. in Berlin May 16, 1883 ; Ella j\L, b. Oct. 4, 1866, m. Silas L. Mills Dec. 24, 1885; Sadie E., b. Feb. 22, 1886; Gertrude May, a protegee of Mr. Flagg, b. Sept. 19, 1881. Henry Martin Flagg\ Joseph', m. Auretta A. Jones, res. on the place formerly owned by George E. John- son ; has been extensively engaged in wood and lumber. Had Emma, b. June 15. 1872. FLETCHER. And K. Fletcher, s. of Joel of New London, N. H., m. Harriet Somes; had lived in Cambridge; came to Berlin in 1855; settled on the place now owned by Charles W. Carvelle. Had Lavina, b. June 30, 1839, in. Philo Bruce; Charles E., b. June 17, 1841, m. Lynda Stanley, res., unknown ; George F., b. Aug. 22, 1842, m. ]Maria Connor May 6, 1875, res.. East Brookfield ; Ann E., b. July 10, 1844, m. Eugene D. Colby of Boston; Harriet M., b. March 31, 1847, ^• John Adams; Frances E., b. Nov. 11,. 1848, m. John 35 O HISTORY OF THE White of Charlestown ; Ada jM., b. July 4, 1852, m. AVilliam Caldwell, he d. of hydrophobia, she m., 2d, Charles Sargent. Ariel K. d. Jan. 15, 1879; the family rem. to Northboro. FOLEY, Patrick Foley, a native of Ireland, m. Catherine Lynch in Marlboro Feb. 1 7, 1865 ; he res. at the most -easterly part of the town, near Hudson. Had Mar- garet A., b. Nov. 18, 1865; Daniel E., b. April 25, 1867; Patrick H., b. Nov. 5, 1869; Michael D., b. Nov. 2, 1871 ; John F., b. Jan. 22, 1874, d. July 21, 1874; Nellie M., b. Feb. 27, 1876; Jennie J., b. Dec. •6, 1879; Catherine W., b. April 17, 1884. FOSTER. Elijah Foster m. Elizabeth Knights; he is named in the east school district in 1785. Elizabeth Foster •of Berlin m. Abel Goulding of Shrewsbury in 1 806 ; she d. here at Dea. George W. Sawyer's in 1878 ; may have been of this family. The same family probably lived on South Barnes hill when the Hudsons were there. It was reported that the Fosters, seeing their neighbors, the Hudsons, at work on the Sabbath, said nothing, presuming they would keep Mon- day for Sunday, which they did devoutly. The Fosters had it for a standing joke on the Hudsons. FOSGATE. The ancestor of the Fosgate family was John Tosgate of Charlestown, b. 1636, m. Elizabeth Leach; he had a s., Robert, b. 1672, m. Mercy Good- TOWN OF BERLIN. 35 ^ win in 1700, and he a s., Robert, b. 1704, m. Sarah Howe, who was in ]\Iarlboro in 1731 ; he settled on a place in the east part of Berlin, known as the Gates farm, where his descendants are now living ; he was a soldier in the war of the Revolution and in the expedition against Crown Point. Robert and vSarah had a large family of children, five sons and eight daughters, namely : ^lary ; Elizabeth ; Ezekiel ; Patience; Ketina; Joel, b. 1 75 1 ; Oliver ; Anna ; John, m. Abigail Jones of Lunenburg in 1761, res., West- minster; Zibia. m. Solomon Bowker in 1789; Phebe, m. John Brown in 1764; Asa Nourse, bro. to our Dr. Nourse. m. a dau. of Robert Fosgate; Jacob, m. Lois in Marlboro in 1745; Robert gave his homestead farm to his s., Joel, which was somewhat encumbered. Joel was feeble in his youth, but be- came strong and endured immense labor on farm and in the brick yard at the foot of "Clay Pit hill.'" That pond hole on the left as we turn upon the Fosgate road is artificial. To improve time he worked nights at coopering; he was a favorite of his father ; a good neighbor and a worthy citizen. Joel Fosgatc\ Robert\ Robert^, John', m. Xaomi Gilbert Dec. 11, 1777. Had Robert, b. Aug. 15. T779, m. Hannah, dau. of William Sawyer, res., Winchester, X. H., she d. March 13, 1871 ; Mendall. b. June 13, 1781 ; Gilbert, b. Feb. 15, 1783. d. July 25, 181 1 ; Joel. b. Dec. 18, 1784, d. ; Luke, b. Aug. 5, 1787; Betsey, b. Jan. 5, 1789, m. Samuel, s. of Job Spofford, also m., 2d, Josiah Bride ; Sally, b. April 2, 1791. m. Stephen Puffer Sept. 15, 18 12, res.. Sterling and Amherst; Sophia, b. Aug. 4, i793. m., Sept. 28. 181 3, James Maynard of Northboro. she d. 35 2 HISTORY OF THE in 1872; vSusannah, b. July 28, 1795, m. Moses Brig- ham of Marlboro March 20, 181 5; Lucy, b. Aug. 16, 1798, m. Thomas Holder. Joel, Sr., d. March 24, 1824, age 73; his wife, Naomi, d. Oct. i, 1839, at 83. Luke Fosgatc, s. of Joel, m. jMary, dau. of Gershom Rice of Marlboro, May 21, 1 8 1 7 ; he retained the homestead; he settled his four sons on his extensive domain ; he and his wife finally joined the Shakers of Harvard and there d. He d. Nov. 26, 1873; she d. vSept. 28, 1 87 1. Had Joel H., b. March 16, 1818; John G., b. Dec. 8, 1820; George W., b. Feb. 25, 1824; Reuben P., b. Dec. 7, 1826; Caroline, b. March II, 183 1, m. Willard M. Wheeler; Mary S., b. Jan. 28, 1833, d. Oct. 9, 1845. Moidall I'osgatc, s. of Joel, m. vSally Spofford, dau. of Samuel, Sr., Aug. 3, 1801. HadPersis,b. , m. Everett of Princeton; Oliver, b. Aug. 8, 1803; Mendall G., b. in Vermont May 16, 1809. Joc-/ H. Fosgaic, s. of Luke, m. Ruth A. Brigham, dau. of Aaron of Bridgton, Me., Sept. 5, 1843 : settled on part of the old homestead near Gates' pond. Had Francis O., b. Nov. 11, 1845, m. Emma S. Symmes, res., Shrewsbury; Emily, b. June 28, 1847, i^- Her- bert A. Cook of Marlboro, res., Shrewsbury; Frederick A., b. June 17, 1852; Angeline B., b. Oct. 13, 1855, m. Henry H. Davis of Shrewsbury; Alva Dana, b. April 23, 1859. John G. Fosgatc, s. of Luke, m. Martha Rice; he settled on a part of the old homestead, next to his bro., Joel ; later rem. to Stone's corner, near South Bolton depot. Had by Martha, Eliza O., b. May 23, 1853, m. Lewis O. Sawyer, res., Hudson; Marshall TOWN OF BERLIN. 153 A., b. ^lay ii, 1856. Wife, Martha, d. July 14, 1856. He m., 2d, Elizabeth T. Heywood Nov. 9, 1857, and by her had Leo E., b. Oct. 2, i860; he is a fruit merchant tti Boston. Wife, Elizabeth, d. vSept. 21, 1880, at 57. George W. Fosgate, s. of Luke, m. Eunice C. Dodge Oct. 25, 1848; he had a part of the old farm; lived in the old mansion. Had Mary L., b. Aug. 5, 1849, d. June 3, 1851; Julia Etta, b. July 18, 1857, m. vSidney B. Carter; Lilla F. and Lewis B., twins, b. July 29, 1863; Nellie N., b. Aug. 23, 1865, m. Ernest Ross June 20, 1895. George W. d. Dec. 30, 1891. Reuben P. Fosgate, s. of Luke, m. Sarah D. Loomis of Southboro June 12, 1851, res. on the old home- stead in the old mansion. Had Hattie A., b. July 13, 1856; William L., b. Aug. 5, i860. Oliver Fosgate, s. of Mendall, m. Lucy, dau. of vSilas Houghton, March, 1832; he lived on the place now owned by Willis Rice. He d. June 29, 1870; wid. d. Jan. 20, 1886. Had Charles O., b. June 22, 1840, m. Nellie Hastings of Concord; he is a profes- sional musician, res., formerly Boston, now California. They had a s., Charles H., b. April 9, 1867, res., Boston. Mendall G. Fosga/e, Jr., s. of ]\lendall, m. Harriet Parker of Westboro April 19, 1834, res., Westboro and other places. Had Harriet, Martha and Louise. He d. in Washington, D. C, Feb. 2, 1885. Frederiek A. Fosgnte, s. of Joel H., m. Ella F. vSwan July 11. 1881; he is the proprietor of the picnic grounds at Gates' pond; has several cottages on the eastern shore. Had Ruth E., b. Jan. 6, 1883 ; 354 HISTORY OF THE Jennie I., b. I\Iarch 23. 1884; Fred H., b. Feb. 20, 1890. Ahui Dana Fosgatc, s. of Joel H., m. Nellie S. Clarke of Boston ]March 5, 1 8*6.2; he lives with his father. Marshall A. Fosi^atc, s. of John (>., m. Ella Jacobs, dau. of George, res., near South Bolton depot, just in Hudson; is engaged in the wood and lumber business. Lnuis E. Fosgatc, s. of George W., m. Ella G., dau. of Clifford Walcott, June 9, 1894; lives on the place formerly owned by his uncle, John G. FOX. August F. h'o.\\ b. Jan. 10, 1842, m., Aug. 12, 1869, Augusta Copar, b. June 19, 1844; came from wSaxony, Germany, 1881 ; lives on the old Bartlett place, near Bolton depot. Had Mary A., b. Dec. 3, 1869; Alvina L., b. July 19, 1876; Clara I., b. May 19, 1879; Willie Otto, b. ]^^'^- -6- i^^'^S: Emma R., b. Feb. II, 1888. FRY. The Frys of Berlin are a branch of the more numerous families of the name in Bolton. The head of these was William, the fifth in descent from John Fr}', who settled in Andover in 1645. This William settled in Bolton and had a s., John, who m. Merriam, dau. of Obadiah and Eleanor Wheeler, June 21, 1762. They had Obadiah, William, Mary, Merriam, John. Jonathan. James, and Abigail m. Daniel Wheeler of our town. Wife, jMerriam, d., TOWN OF BERLIN. 355 and he m., 2d, Rachel vStearns of Uxbridge July 4, 1787, and by her had Thomas, the famous school teacher of Bolton ; also Anna, m. Ira Aldrich of Northbridge, and Rachel m. Joseph Holder. William, the s. of John and Merriam, had a numerous family, and among- these was William, who settled in Berlin. Williavi, s. of William and grands, of John of Bolton, b. July 26, 1800, m. Fanny Fuller of War- wick, res. on road from George H. Bruce's to Friends' Meeting House. Had Adaline B., b. May 19, 1827, d. Nov. 20, 1853 ; William Henry, b. April 19, 1829; George F., b. Sept. 25, 1831 ; Sampson W., b. May '^9j 1^33- Wife, Fanny, d. ; he m., 2d, Sarah Ray of Stow, and by her had Fanny, b. Sept. 28, 1838, m. Timothy N. Eastman, he d., she m., 2d, Brigham Rowe; David A., b. March 23, 1840; Abraham, b. Nov. 6, 1 841; Sarah, b. July 9, 1843, d. same year. He d. March 16, 1877, at '/6\ wife, Sarah, d. March 12, 1864, at 5o. William Henry Fry, s. of William and Fanny of Berlin, m. ]Mary E., dan, of Ephraim Goddard; lived awhile in the south part, thence rem. to Marlboro, where he still resides; shoemaker; no children. Sampson Fry, s. of William ; was a soldier in the late war; settled in Minnesota. George F. Fry, bro. of William H., m. Zilpah A., dau. of Ephraim Goddard; he lived some years where Christopher Wheeler now res. ; was a shoemaker. Had Nellie G., b. 1853, she d. Nov. 11, 1870 ; Chester J., b. ]\Iarch 21, 1855, d. in Marlboro in 1894; Charles 356 HISTORY OF THE A., b. Feb. 15, 1857, d. 1877, while in his academical studies; George E., b. Dec. 8, 1859; Leslie M., b. 1862. George F. d. 1870; wife, Zilpah, d. ]\Iay 13, 1867. David A. and Abraham Fry, sons of William and vSarah Ray Fry, continue on the homestead of their father and keep bachelors' hall. FULLER. Sautncl M. Fuller, s. of Ely Fuller of Ludlow, Mass., b. June 22, 181 2, m. Catherine B., dau, of Gideon Bliss, Xov. 24, 1833; became to town in 1848 and lived in the house next south of the Massachusetts Central depot in Carterville ; he was engaged for some years in the making of shoes ; he kept the store in that village for awhile and finally sold out to John A. Merrill, the present occupant. They had six children: Catherine, b. Oct. 19, 1835, m. Rufus C. Sawyer; Elizabeth, b. Feb. 5, 1837, m. Charles H. Hartwell April 10, 1853, who d. June 27, 1879; Samuel Ely, b. Feb. 23, 1839, m.. May 6, 1868, Julia ;^L Bailey, dau. of the 2d wife of George W. ^Laynard, she d. some years ago and he now res. in Hudson; James B., b. Dec. 8, 1840, m. Anna B. Shilliber Dec. 9, 1876, he resides in Boston and is engaged in mer- cantile affairs; Mary Jane, b. May i, 1843, m. Henry W. Welch Nov. 7, 1863, resides in Clinton; Almy B.. b. July 24, 1846, m. Charles Russell Feb. i, 1865. He d. Jan. 3, 1883, aged 76 yrs. ; his wife, Catherine, d. July 26, 1880, at 70 yrs, Caroline, a sister of Samuel M. of Ludlow, d. here April 17, 1877, at 74 yrs. TOWN OF BERLIN. 357 GAGE. Daiiic/ Gage with family and brc, John, succeeded Aaron Barnes as tanners ; yard near Carterville, in 1824; followed by Rockwood & Brightman in 1830. Samuel Gage, bro. of Daniel, settled on the William Jones place (now Robert Xewsome's) ; his son-in-law. Converse, was fatally injured and d. there Oct. 5, 1829, age 19: the family left town soon after. Daniel d. on Ball hill. GAMBLE. Sajiiiiel Gamble; his name appears in connection with the Bolton road over "Gamble hill;" he lived on the Andrew McElwain place (Samuel Spofford's); he lived also on the Prentice Keyes place in North- boro, GIBBS. Ilezekiah Gihbs m., May 24, 1745, Elizabeth, probably a sister of Abijah Pratt; it seems probable that he established the present Fred Woodward homestead; William Bryant was there in 1784. Had Sarah, b. 1749; Hezekiah, b. 1752. He.zekiah Gibbs, Jr., m., March 4, 1775, Miriam Powers ; he was called Doctor Gibbs ; indications are that the Boylston family was of this stock. Had Jonathan, b. 1775 ; Sarah, d. young; Miriam, b. 1778, m. Samuel Heard in 1797. GATES. Not many of the Gates name have lived here for any great length of time. People have become 358 HISTORY OF THE familiar with the name from the name of the princi- pal pond in town which bears this name. It derived its name from the fact that a tract of land in the eai^t part, embracing nearly all of Gates' pond, was owned by the heirs of Stephen Gates, one of the early proprietors of Lancaster in 1654. His stay in Lancaster was brief. He d. in Cambridge in 1662, leaving five children — vStephen, Simon, Thomas, Elizabeth and Mary. Some of these remained in Lancaster, others settled in wStow and Sudbury. On the second division of upland in 171 7, the tract above named was set off to the estate of Stephen Gates, and a few years later was sold by his heirs to Robert Fosgate, Josiah Sawyer and others. We have no positive proof by record that any of the posterity of Stephen Gates settled on this territory, but tradition has it that one Gates lived between the pond and the Moses Dudley place, and also one of the name lived north of the Holders. It is of interest to note the description of the land and the boundaries thereof, as contained in the original set-off, namely: "He hath his second division of upland lying to the of Hog Swamp meadow, a considerable part of a pond lying within the said land and bounded on all sides of it by common un- divided land ; a rock called the Sleeping Rock is on the outside of it, near the northwest corner. The place where it Lyes by the Indians was called Kequasagansett, and is laid out to the estate of the said Stephen Gates for 314 acres." Mary Gates, dau. of Stephen Gates, Sr., seems to have been of a decidedly tropical nature ; she very boldly contradicted the minister in Lancaster in the TOWN OF BERLIN. 359 public assembly on the Sabbath, for which offense she was reprimanded and fined ; she indignantly shook off the dust of her feet against them ; moved to Sud- bury and m. John Maynard, from whom originated some of the more prominent families of this town. Rciibcii Gates, of what family does not appear, m. Sally Tenney in 1 808 ; he was the occupant of the tannery west of Carterville in 18 10. Had a s., William, b. vSept. 24, 1808, m. Sally Potter of Concord; he has recently donated to the Orthodox Sabbath school the sum of §1,000; res., Arlington. GARRITV. Janus Garrity, a native of Ireland, b. Oct. 15, 1833, m. Bridget E. Mullen; came to Berlin about 1853; lives on the Clinton road ; a shoemaker and laborer. Had one child b. 1857, d. in infancy ; Mary A., b. Aug, 25, 1859; John T., b. Jan. 26, 1862; Delia E., b. April 6, 1865, m. John McXift'; James vS., b. Dec. 23, 1867; Ellen C, b. Dec. 7, 1870; Agnes E., b. June 23, 1876. GILL. MkJiacl Gil/,h. 1835 in Ireland, m., April 12, 1854, Bridget Gill. Had Mary A., b. Jan. 13, 1858, m. : Meaner, d. Aug. 25, 1891 ; John A., b. April 17, 1859; ^lichael A., b. May 17, 1862, d. Sept. 14, 1864; Catharine L., b. Feb. 15, 1865; Elizabeth B., b. May 5, 1868; William J., b. April 15, 1870, d. 1872; Margaret, b. Oct. 15, 1872; Agnes Ellen, b. Jan. 25, 1876; Charles M., b. Dec. 8, 1878 ; Walter F., b. Nov. 30, 1886. 360 HISTORY OF THE GODDARD. The Goddards of Berlin are descendants of William Goddard, who came from London and settled in Watertown in 1665. The next year his wife and three children came over and joined him. He had been a grocer in London ; he lost his household goods by the great fire, which destroyed a large portion of the city in 1666. His wife was Elizabeth Miles. He d. in 1 69 1 and she d. in 1697. Three sons survived them. One s., Edward, was a schoolmaster and a justice of the peace, and settled in Framingham ; this Edward had three sons, who settled in Shrews- bury, who became prominent citizens of that town. Josiah, another s. of William and Elizabeth (Miles) Goddard, retained the Watertown homestead; he m. Rachel Davis of Roxbury. Had a s., William, b. 1 694, who was the ancestor of the Goddards of this town. This William m. Keziah Cloyes of P'raming- ham June 26, 1726; he settled on the farm in North- boro, now owned by E. Warren Pierce, but formerly owned by Holloway Bailey; it contained 234 acres with dwelling house and barn ; ^he bought of Edward Johnson of Woburn forty acres, where the mills are, in 1 744, and other lands until he became a large land owner. Much land at this time was common. He built the dam and mills at South Berlin; began the work in 1752; the outlay was so great that it nearly ruined him financially and probably hastened his death. William Goddard d. Feb. 19, 1762, age 68 yrs. ; his wife, Keziah, d. March 10, 1794, age 90 yrs. ; his grave is in Northboro old cemetery, back of the TOWN OF BERLIN'. 36 1 Unitarian Church; his wid., Keziah, for the affection she bore to her s., James, "for his great kindness," desired burial with him and his family. Had ]\Iary. b. 1727; Josiah, b. 1729; James, b. 1731; Rachel, b. 1732; Solomon, b. 1734; Hannah, b. 1736; Lydia, b. 1737; Jane, b. 1739: John, b. 1740; Moses, b. 1742; Ruth, b. 1744; Richard, . Mary m. John Houghton, 3d, and moved to Brattleboro, Vt. ; Josiah m. Lydia Ball of Northboro and lived on the home place; James will come into our record of families; Rachel m. Asa Howe of ]\Iarlboro; Solomon m. Thankful Bowers, lived on the farm known as the Dana Stone place; Hannah m. Collister; Lydia "m. Eliphalet Stone ; Jane m. William Barker, who was the first settler of ]\Iarlboro, X. H. This was the beginning of the Berlin emigration to that northern Eldorado. Hannah and Lydia with their husbands followed them; then the Tenneys and Joneses. John went to Connecticut with his wife, Lucy Walker. ISIoses will appear in our record of families. Ruth tried the Granite State in Henniker with her husband, Jacob Rice. Dca. James Goddard, Sr., s. of William of Northboro and fourth in descent from William of Watertown, m. Hannah Rice, dau. of Jacob Rice of Northboro ; he settled on the farm now owned by Henry J. Saw- yer, containing then 157 acres, but was enlarged by eighty-two acres, embracing a part of the farm now owned bv Charles ]M. Sawyer; this addition included a house and barn on the north side of the road, which were built by Josiah Wilson, and which James, Jr., and James, 3d, successively occupied, as did also Rev. Dr. Puffer, until his house was built in 1788. 362 HISTORY OF THE James Goddard, Sr., was one of the more wealthy land owners of the town, a man of sterling worth, and a deacon of the church from 1778 to 1807. Had by his wife, Hannah, William, b. 1 764, m. Anna Moore, dau. of Isaac, Nov. 27, 1788 (they had Lydia, Lucy and Josiah); he d. and she m., 2d, Elijah Ball of Boylston; Hannah, b. Oct. 27, 1761, m. Reuben Bab- cock of Northboro; she was mother of Reuben, Jr., lately deceased here; James, b. April 15, 1763; Eunice, b. 1765, m, Capt. Samuel vSpofford, vSr., m. 2d, Capt. Henry Powers; vSarah, b. June 8, 1772, m. Alvin vSawyer, d. at 35 yrs. ; Betsey, b. March 9, 1774, m. William Barnes; Molly, m., Nov. 10, 1785, Caleb Fairbanks, who built first house on the place, now held by A. C. Derby, and earlier owned by Wel- come Barnes. He d. Jan. 13, 1 8 1 5, aged 84 ; his wife, Hannah, d. March 21, 1807. J/oscs Godaard, s. of ^Villiam, m. ^lolly Walker of Stukely, Canada; he lived at first in Marlboro and Northboro ; rem. to Monadnock, No. 5 (Marlboro, N. H. ), of which he was one of the grantees ; returned to Berlin and lived in the old Fuller house in Carter- ville; the family finally rem. from town about 1795. Had Eber, b. April 5, 1766; Abel, b. Sept. 22, 1767; (Moses, b. Feb. 23, 1771, and Elijah, b. March 17, 1773, in Monadnock, No. 5); Archelius, b. May 13, 1775; Silas, b. March 7, 1778; Abraham, b. May 22, 1780; Solomon, b. July 16, 1782; Molly, b. Oct. 30, 1785 ; Lydia, who m. Aaron Greene, not m record. Ebcr Goddard, s. of ]\Ioses, m. Luc}^ Johnson, sister to Prudence, wife of Josiah Sawyer. Had Joseph W., b. 1792, res., Fitchburg; Asa, b. 1796, res., TOWN OF BERLIN. Brattleboro, Vt; Sylvia, b. 1797: Lucy, b. 1800, m Berlin; Maria, b. 1803, d. 1805 ; Mary, b. 18 10; Eber, b. 1 8 1 3. Eber or Moses moved the old Town House for the poor from "Larkin pasture" to "Corner;" Larkin house just northeast of Samuel Spof- ford's. A sad mishap as often told, Of Deacon G. the story's old ; To patch the barn was his intent, But this he did before up he went, Tied by a rope secure which led From plow below to leg o'er head. The Deacon slipped through want of care, Down came he hanging in mid-air ; He yelled and screeched— perhaps he swore, As deacons did some years before. This hubbub caused the Deacon's wife To go at once and save his life. •Jauu-s Goddard, 2d, m. Keziah, dau. of Ephraim Fairbanks, Tuly 28, 1785; ^^e lived awhile m the old house built by Josiah Wilson on the fann owned bv C. ^I. Sawyer, but finally rem. to the old homestead and there spent the remamder of his days- he was a shrewd money-getting man; was alwavs interested in town affairs and a willmg sup- porter of the church. Had by his wife, Keziah, James, b. Feb. 6, 1786, d. Nov. 4, 1801; Betsey, b. Oct 6 1787, d. March 10, 1808 ; William, b. Feb. 22, 1789 d. Jan. 18, 1808, was a student in Leicester Academv preparatory for the ministry; Jacob, b. Mav 6, i'79i ; Ephraim, b. June 19, i793; I^eziah, b. July 4, 1795, d. 1796; Keziah, b 1796, d 1807; Jabez,b. 1807, d. 1811; Rebecca, b. Jan. 18, 1801, m Theodore Nourse; 2d, m. Calvin Smith; Eusebia, b Mav 5, 1804, m. Calvin Smith in 1828, she d. m 364 HISTORY OF THE 1841 ; James, 3d, b. March 8, 1806. Of eleven children six d. young. James, 2d, d. June 19, 1842. Keziah, his wid., d. in 1848. James Goddard, 3d, m. Betsey, dau. of Samuel Spofford, vSr., Nov. 12, 1824; he settled on the farm which then belonged to his father, but is now owned by Charles M. Sawyer; he sold his farm to Dea. George W. Saw3'er, and went to jNIaine, leaving his family behind. His wife, Betsey, d. and he soon after m. again. He d. in Manchester, N. H. Had by his wife, Betsey, Catherine B. vSawyer, b. April 5. 1825, d. Nov. 1 1, 1838; vSamucl W. Emerson, b. March 23, 1827, m., Nov. 3, 1853, Sophia Dwight, dau. of Myron Lawrence of Belchertown, where he settled in the practice of law; Christiana W., b. ]\Iarch I, 1829, m. Harvey Carter of Marlboro, he d. April 22. 1872, she m., 2d, Brethwaite of Marlboro ; Lucy, b. March 26, 1831, m. Isaiah H. Beals of West- boro; James Richardson, b. March 21, 1834, m. Harriet M. Jennison of Southboro Oct. 18, 1854; he lived awhile in Southboro and later in Nonantum, and has held prominent positions and public trusts in both places; Benjamin F., b. June 12, 1836, d. July 24, i860; Betsey S., b. Dec. 11, 1838, m. Henry E. Graves of Marlboro; Catherine, b. June i, 1841, m., June 10, 1856, Henry Greenwood of Marlboro; Pliny M.. b. Feb. 13, 1844, m. Mary E. Wood Dec. 7, 1865, she d. in 1872, he m., 2d, Mary S. Fairbrother; Virgil, b. Dec. 15, 1846, m. Orilla J. Bemis of South- boro Nov. 26, 1867. None of the family are now living in town. EpJiraivi Goddard, s. of James, 2d, m. Alary Bige- TOWN OF BERLIN. ;65 low dau. of Bannister Bigelow, she d. and he m., .d her sister, Sophia, Sept. 28, 1818 ; he lived at first on the Dea. George Sawyer place, thence rem. to the farm now owned by his s., Marcus M. ; he demohshed the old house and erected the one now standmg on the place. Had bv his wife, Sophia, Betsey F., b. March 8, 1819, d. 1834; William F., b. May 19, 1820, m Marv Brvant, he d. March 15, 1874, res., Rock- bottom'; Marv E., b. July 19, 1825, m. William H. Frv John A.', b. July 1 1, 1827, m. Augusta Brigham, dau' of George Brigham of Hudson; he kept a store in the south part, where Edward P. Hastings now lives- has since resided in Rockbottom, Hudson and Stow and now lives in Westboro, was a soldier m the late war; Alvira, b. Oct. 29, 1829, m. Baxter Wheeler of Hudson; Jabez F., b. July 22, 1832, m. Sarah Cotton, has lived in Chattanooga and Nashville, Tenn and is now in California; Zilpah, b. Oct. 15, 1835 m George F. Fry; ^larcus Morton (named for Gov.' Morton), b. April 28, 1840, unm., res. on the father's old place and has always been engaged m shoemakmg; he carries on his farm and ''keeps old bachelor's hall," and is now the only Goddard left in town; Silas E.,b. March 24, 1842, went to the war and d. in the service; his name will appear m the Ust of soldiers; Augusta V., b. May 22, 1844, m George H. Bruce Oci. .4, 1862. Ephraim Goddard d. June 7, 1871; his wife, Sophia, d. March, 1890, with her dau., Mary E., in Marlboro. Jacob Goddard, s. of James, 2d, m., April 10, 18 11, Abigail Morse of Marlboro; she d. Oct. 10, 18 14; he m ^d Marv H. Sawyer of Bolton; he lived at first 366 HISTORY OF THE on his grandfather. Ephraim Fairbanks', phace, in the north part of the town, near the eorner, beyond Mrs. IMerrill's ; the buildings are now gone ; he afterwards bought a farm in Bolton; he became a Millerite; gave his farm for his support until he should "go up,'' but didn't go at the time fixed upon, so became destitute in his old age. Had by his wife, Abigail, William, b. Nov. 19, 181 3, d. in 1834. He d. June 17, 1870; wid. d. . GOTT. Dr. Lcviucl (jott, s. of John, b. in Gloucester, now Rockport, Dec. 23, 1808, m., June 22, 1836, Mary, b. Oct. 7, 181 2, dau. of Levi vShaw of Minot, Me.; he was the sixth in descent from Charles Gott, who set- tled in Salem in 1628; he was educated at Hampton Academy, X. H., and Bowdoin College, and was a graduate of the Harvard Medical vSchool and practiced at the Marine Hospital in CheLsea as a student; he practiced in Rockport from 1836 to 1854; at the latter date he rem. to Berlin and went into partnership with Dr. E. Hartshorn in the manufacture of patent medicines and family extracts, and also in medical practice ; they soon dissolved the copartnership, and he continued as the sole resident physician here to the time of his death. From, early manhood he was largel}' interested in all reform moveinents ; was a prominent member of the Free vSoil party and an active advocate of temperance, and in town affairs gave his influence in favor of all measures tending to the commonweal. Had three children b. in Rockport: Lemuel, b. Feb. 26, 1840, was a soldier in the late war, d. Aug. 29, 1 864 ; Mary Elizabeth, b. LEMUEL GOTT, M. D. TOWN OF BERLIN. 367 June 12, 1842, m. Frederick Miller; James G.,b. Jan. 23, 1845, d. young. Dr. Gott d. June 12, 1888 ; M'id. d. Aug. 13, 1893. GRASSIE. Alexander Grassie was a s. of George Grassie, and bro. of George B. Grassie, late of Bolton. The family came from Scotland and settled in Bolton in 1843. The mother of Alexander was sister to the wife of Rev. Henr}" Adams. He m. Mary IM., dan. of Joseph Flagg, Dec. 28, 1853 ; had William Alexander, b. Feb. 24, 1855, m. Charlotte Barnes of Ohio; res., North Dakota. Alexander Grassie was associated with Levi Hartshorn in the manufacture of boots and shoes, 1850 to 1856, firm known as Grassie & Hartshorn. On account of financial trouble, he left suddenly Jan. 10, 1856, for parts unknown and has never returned ; his wife, ]\Iarv M., res. in Worcester. GKEEXLIEF. Silas Sazvyer Greenlief, b. Alarch 4, 18 14, s. of Moses and Experience (wSawyer) Greenlief of Bolton, and a descendant of Edmund, who settled in Newburv in 1635, m.. May 30, 1838, Sarah Nowell of Lancaster; he first lived on the Daniel Carter farm, the place now owned by Mr. Carville, but soon rem. to Wata- quodock hill in Bolton ; returned to town and bought the Oliver Carter farm, where he continued till his death, March 22, 1892 ; wife d. March 10, 1892. Had Alice E., b. Dec. 26, 1849, ^^- Lampson; Sarah L., b. July 4, 1854, m. vSamuel M. Carter March 4, 1875. 368 HISTORY OF THE GRIGGS. Dr. Saunicl Griggs from Saxon River, Vt., was the successor of Dr. Daniel Briijham in 1824; he con- tinued here in successful practice until 1831, when he rem. to West Boylston and thence to Westboro in 1848, where he d. in 1879 at 86 yrs. Hem. Sarah Bancroft of Rindge, N. H., by whom he had Samuel M., b. 1822, who became a prominent citizen of Westboro. Dr. Griggs was a pupil of the renowned Dr. Twitchell of Keene, N, H. GREEN. All of the name in this town are evidently descend, ants of Aaron Greene, who settled in the northwest part of the town of Northboro ; the place is still known as the "Green farm." He had one s. and one dau., who became citizens of Berlin, viz. : Jonathan and vSib}^, the latter m. William Babcock, Sr. ; another s., Nathan, who remained on the home place, was the father of Peter, who was the father of Edward F. Green of our town, and another s. of Nathan, Aaron, who m. Lydia, dau, of Moses Goddard, was a res. here for many years. Nathan was in battle of Btmker Hill. Aaron Green, s. of Nathan and Abigail Williams Green of Hubbardston, m., Nov. 17, 1793, Lydia, dau. of Moses Goddard; he resided on the Fuller place in Carterville at one time. Had Solomon, b. Sept 29, 1794; Lydia, b. Aug. 30, 1798, m. Parker Longley of Boylston, she d. 1873; Levi, b. Oct. 12, 1801; Asa, b. Nov. 10, 1804, d. 1824, by explosion of some mix- ture for liquid blacking. William, b. May 17, 1807; Oliver, b. Nov. 13, 1809; Anna, b. April 12, 18 12, m. M K-;. I.I Mill. (IdTT. Dr. Gott's Mouse. TOWN OF BERLIN. 369 Russell Park, d. early ; Lambert, b. April 13, 18 14. Charles Roscoe, 2d s., rem. to Maine and became somewhat eminent in the politics of that state; before leaving his native town he taught private grammar classes with success. Aaron d. Jan. i, 1840, at 70 yrs. So/oijwii Green, s. of Aaron, m., March 20, 18 17, Mrs. Parnell (Bruce) Bennett, wid. of Josiah Bennett of Boylston, res. in an old house where A. B. Saw- yer's now stands. She had by ist m., Josiah; bv 2d m., had Dolly, Lydia and George. Jonathan Green, s. of Aaron of Northboro and bro. of Nathan, m. dau. of Abijah Pratt; lived here a few years in the Abijah Pratt house. No other record. Levi Green, s. of Aaron, m. Achsah, dau. of Jacob vStone, Nov. 5, 1829; settled in Clinton ; of six children not one is now living ; he was an enterprising citizen of the town of his adoption and did much to promote its highest interests. His wife, Achsah, d. Oct. i, 1843 ; he m., 2d, Lucy Harris of Lunenburg. Eck^'ard F. Green, s. of Peter of Northboro, m., March 5, 1848, Louisa A., dau. of Leonard Hartwell; he lived at first in the west part and built the house recently owned by Rev. Francis Rand, about 18 50; his present place is the old Holder farm in the east part. Had Abbie L., b. Nov. 26, 1849, m. J. Henry Sawyer; Alonzo F., b. Dec. 13, 185 i ; Chester O., b. Aug. 23, 1853, res., Westboro; Charles H.,b. Aug. 7, 1855, m. Emma Carter, she d. , res., Marlboro; John E., b. July 17, 1859, m. , res., Overbrook, Kansas; Walter, b. July 8, 1863, d. young; Alice vS., b. May 4, 1867. Wife. Louisa, d. Feb. 2, 1870; he 370 HISTORY OF THE m., 2d, March 28, 1871, ]\lrs. Sarah A. (Menser) Styles of Boylston, b. Feb. 12, 1835. Alon:^o F. Green, s. of Edward F., m. ]Mary A., dau. of David A. Fry of Bolton , he is a mason by trade, and res. on the place formerly owned by Elijah Bigelow. Had Edith L., b. Dec. 13, 1872; Sarah M., b. Dec. 4, 1874, d. Jan. 21, 1892; Edward F., b. Dec. 28, 1876; Fred A., b. Dec. 21, 1878; Blanche A., b. Oct. 31, 1882; Clifton J., b. April 9, 1885; Jesse M., b. Jan. 22, 1888; Marion H., b. May 31, 1889. GUERTIN. Theodore G Iter till, s. of Joseph of Fairfield, Vt., m. Clara Estelle, dan. of Israel vSawyer, Aug. 29, 1868; he is a blacksmith and wheelwright ; house on the Clinton road on a part of the Esquire Alerriam place. Had Alice, b. 1868, m. Harry Betts ; Edna Z., b. Sept. 2, 1873 : Augustus E., b. Oct. 22, 1881. GUNNISON. Horaee A. Guiiiiisoii oi l^Qva-psier, N. H., m., June 10, 1866, Mrs. Emily (Wheeler) Pierce, dau. of Jona- than Wheeler, s. of Levi ; he built a house in Carterville, which was burned, just north of the Oliver Smith place; res., Hudson, and is a shoemaker. Had Alvin W., b. P^eb. 18, 1869; Mary. Etta, b. Dec. 18, 1877. James Hoyt Gunnison, brother of the above, m. Matilda J., dau. of Samuel H. Hastings, June 17, 1874; he built the house in Carterville, where Benajah Barnard now lives. He d. April 8, 1 880, age MR. AND MRS. EDWARD F. GREENE. CHARLES M. SAWYER'S HOUSE. . y \' .-^ V - ,f.. J v! - ■< 1 \ 1 1 1 1 LEONARD HARTVVELL. MKS. ADAM BAKTLETT, THDMAS HOLDER. <.Kim(,h iioL GinuN. FREDERICK E. HEUARD. DANIEL HOLDER. .MK.S. I., il AK 1 W l:.LL. .SAMUEL HOLDER. MR.S. IR.A HAPGOOD. TOWN OF BERLIN. 371 33. Had Westley, d. in infancy; Elno, b. Aug. 26, 1875, d. in Grafton. Wid. m., 2d, George H. Hast- ings, lives in Grafton. HALE. Jonas Hale, s. of Ephraim of Stow, m. Sarah, dau. of Amory Carter, Sr., 1830; he lived on the Dea. Josiah Sawyer place, now owned by Willard Bruce. Had Lucinda, b. April i, 1831, m. John Robbins ; Abigail A., b. Dec. 14, 1833, d. Jan. 4, 1840; Henrietta C, b. April 19, 1836, d. June 18, 1847; Sarah Ann, b. March 17, 1842, m. Zoheth B. Woodbury; Jonas E., b. Feb. 21, 1846, d. Nov., 1846. He d. April 23, 1846, age 41 ; his wid. m. Elijah Bigelow. Thomas Hale from Leominster m. Mrs. Eliza Chase of Marlboro. She by former husband had Caroline, b. Nov. 15, 1838, m. David Bride; Charles F., b. Dec. 5, 1842; Elizabeth, b. , m. Charles H. But- trick. He d. Feb. 28, 1891, at 66. vShe d. Aug. 4, 1895. Charles F. Hale m. Caroline E. Wyman; shed.; m., 2d, Nov. 9, 1872, Nancy S. Hastings of Boylston; res.. Stetson house in middle of the town. Had R. Burton, b. July 8, 1876; Charles F., b. Feb. 3, 1880; George W., b. Sept. 30, 1886; Marion S., b. Aug. 21, 1891. HAPGOOi). William G. Hapgood, b. Dec. 2, 1819, s. of Thomas of Marlboro, m. Caroline B. Howe, dau. of Lyman; is a carpenter and built the house in which he now lives, at South Berlin. Had Caroline Eldora, b. Nov. 15, 1845, m. John O. Maynard; Abbie A., b. 372 HISTORY OF THE Jan. 3, 1847, '^^- N- H. Cartwright ; Mary R., h. June II, 1850, d. Aug. 11, 1858; John W., b. Nov. 29, 1852; Erving E., b. Mar. 21, 1865. "Wife d. March 24, 1889. HARPER. James B. Harper, b. in England in 1796, m. Judith Carter. Came here 1855. He d. May 14, i860, at 64; she d. Aug. 22, 1870, age 73. Had i\ugustus, b. Jan. 10, 1840; James H., b. in West Roxbur}- March 22, 1837 ; vSarah E., b. Dec. 14, 1833, m. Merrick R. Rand. HARTWELL. Leonard HartivelLh. Aug. 25, 1795. s. of Jonathan of Leominster, m., Oct. 8, 1 8 1 8, Abigail, b. May 3, 1 797, dau. of Joel and Lucy Pierce, who d. here. He lived first at W^est Bo3dston, where his four oldest children were b. ; came to W^est Berlin about 1830; he built a two-story house, which was burned in 1 8 5 1 , and soon erected another on the same spot ; rem. to Hopedale in 1854; returned here in 1864, and d. where D. H. Carter now lives, June 11, 1870. Wife d. Nov. 21, 1877. Had Harriet Moore, b. Dec. i, 18 19, m. Michael Fanning, she d. Jan. 9, 1841, d., also, same mo., her infant child; Chaunce}' Pierce, b. Ma}- 20, 1821; Lucy Ann, b. Aug. 3, 1822, m. Daniel H. Carter; George Emerson, b. May 24, 1824, m. Celia Clausky April 22, 1849, res. in W^estboro; Louisa Abigail, b. July 2, 1827, m. Edward F. Green; Emily Pollard, b. June 27, 1829, m. Edwin vSawyer ; Charles Henry, b. Jan. 28, 1831. m., in 1853, Elizabeth Fuller, he d. in Clinton; Mary Jane, b. June 5, 1833, m. Pliny B. wSouthwick; Daniel Pollard, b. May 5, 1835. EDWARD HARTSHORN, M. D. TOWN OF BERLIN. 373 Chauiu-cy P. HartivcW, Leonard', m., Jan. 4, 1844, :\Iary Ann, dati. of Daniel Carter; he lived on his father's old place in the west part; rem. to James- town, N. Y. Wife d. in 1893. Had Edward, b. Dec. 8, 1844. d. unm.; Ella L., b. March 31, 1848, m. John D. Babcock; Sarah H., b. Oct. 21, 1854; Hattie H., b. Sept. 2, 1856; Eugene, b. April 4, 1859; Lewis E., b. vSept. 2, 1863; Anna L., b. 1865. Daniel P. Hartivdl\ Leonard', m., Nov. 5, 1854, Susan R. Moore, sister of Ezra and Josiah; he is a carpenter and lives near the depot in Carterville. Had by Susan, James A., b. Sept., 1861, res., Cleve- land, O. Wife, Susan, d. Sept. 17, 1861 ; m., 2d, Ellen M. W^heeler, dau. of Jonathan, s. of Levi, and by her had Bertillo L., b. March 31, 1865, m. Grace E. Smiley, res., Fitchburg; Susan L., b. April 9, 1 87 1, m. George E. Andrews. HARTLEY. James B. Hartley, b. in Boston, 18 18, of English parents; he returned with them to England and there remained till 1855, when he came back to America, m. Abbie Elmira (Wheeler) :Merrill Nov. 28, 1868; he res. with her on Wheeler hill. She d. Feb. 2 1 , 1895, and he d. Feb. 22, 1895; the funeral of both was at the same time. HARTSHORN. The name is modern in Berlin. Reading seems to have been the fountain head. Edward Hartshorn and three bros. located in Amherst, N. H. He had Levi, Jotham and Lucy. Of these, Levi m. Hannah 374 HISTORY OF THE Elliot and graduated at Dartmonth College, and was ordained pastor of the Congregational Church in Gloucester. He d. suddenly of fever. Left two sons, Edward and Samuel ; Samuel d. young. The wid. settled in Reading. Her s., Edward, walked back and forth from there to the Medical College of Harvard University; graduated there in 1840; he settled in Berlin the same year, being 23 yrs. of age, the youngest physician in the county. His mothei d. here Oct. 18, 1867, aged 78 yrs. Dr. Reheard Hartshorn m. Lucy Elizabeth, dau. of Solomon Howe, ]\Iay 13, 1841 ; he lived on the place now owned by Nellie vSawyer and Mary Keyes ; he followed his profession till, on account of ill health, he sold his practice to Dr. Lemuel Gott, and entered into the manufacture of medicine and flavoring ex- tracts ; he transferred his business to Boston, and in 1 87 1 rem. with his family to Somerville, his present res. Had Edward Howe, b. Dec. 16, 1842; William Henry, b. Sept. 21, 1846. In 1878 he engaged as foremost in the development of the Golden Cross, a family protecting fraternity, which has already paid several millions of dollars to families of deceased members. He also established the Golden Cross Journal, a widel}' circulated and influential paper, and at the age of 78 still conducted it. Edzcard H. Hartshorn, s. of Dr. Edward, m. Lucinda H., adopted dau. of Rev. William A. Houghton, May 28, 1869; he lived with Mr. Houghton and was en- gaged in business with his father. Had by Lucinda, Mary Grace, b. Feb. 25, 1871 ; William Addison, b, Feb. 28, 1874, and Solomon Henry, who d. an infant M RS. EDWARD HARTSHORN. TOWN OF BERLIN. 375 with its mother, Dec. 26. 1876. He m., 2d, Oct. 7, 1880, Louisa vS., dau. of R. S. Hastings, by whom he had Lucinda Howe, b. Oct. 8, 1881 ; Ralph E., b. Oct. 21, 1883; Edward Howe, b. June 8, 1887. He d. Jan. 8, 1887. Williavi H. Hartshorn, s. of Dr. Edward, m., Ma}- 28, 1869, Ellen A., dau. of James F. Maynard of Clin- ton : he lives in Somerville and carries on the medicine and extract business, originally established bv his father in Berlin ; his parents reside with him. Had Edward H., b. July 13, 1870 ; James Henry, b. Nov. I, 1874. In 1895 he purchased the Solomon Howe estate (his grandfather) and resides upon it during the summer months. Levi Hartshorn, s. of Jotham of Amherst, N. H., m. Harriet Holman ; he was of the firm of Grassie & Hartshorn, who manufactured boots in a shop (now burned) about 1850. He lived in the house built by Dr. E. Hartshorn, later owned by Fred Miller. Wife d. Oct. 22. 1864; adopted dau., Agnes, d. March 6, 1 87 1 , at 9 yrs. He returned to Amherst and m. Mrs. E. (Melindy) Page. Had s., Charles P. He d. Sept. 7, 1872. HASTINGS. P'our branches of this family of ancient history have given character to Berlin. It is pleasant to know that we have some earl}- blood in America besides the British and Irish. No doubt the Hast- ings are true Danes. Thomas, b. in England in 1605, and Margaret Cheney of Roxbury are the progenitors. 376 HISTORY OF THE NatJianiel Hastings, b. 1738, s. of Nathaniel of Boylston and of the fourth generation from Thomas, m. Elizabeth Goodnow and settled in the west part of Berlin, next to the Clinton line, in 1765 ; he was a soldier in the French and Indian war in 1755-62, and also in the Revolutionary- service. Had Frances, settled at the West; Abel, d. in infancy; Parney, m. Moses Chase of Groton; Nathaniel, settled in vS tan- stead, Canada; Sylvanus, settled in Wardsboro, Vt. ; Elizabeth, d. in Berlin, age 12 yrs. ; Nahum, b. 1779, settled in Oakham; Reuben, b. Aug. 5, 1781 ; Benja- min, b. 1783, m., Dec. 17, 1805, Abigail Hager of Waltham; he settled in Shirley, d. there, had s., Benjamin, now living in Hudson ; Thomas, b. Jan. 8, 1786, d. in Berlin June 12, 18 13, of typhus fever, two mos. after marriage. Nathaniel, Sr., d. in 1820, at 82 ; wife d. in 1830 at 87. Reuben Hastings, s. of Nathaniel, Jr., m., Aug. i, 1804, Hannah, dau. of Rev. Reuben Puffer; settled on the homestead of his father. He d. Nov. i, 1873, at 92; she d. Sept. 20, 1870, at 84. Had Lucy, b. May 8, 1805, m. William P. Homer of Boston; Elizabeth, b. May 4, 1807, m. Alexander S. Randall, res., Newton; Joel, b. Oct. 9, 1809, res., ]\Iarlboro; Reuben, b. Jan. 27, 1812; Hannah P., b. Dec. 13, 1813, d. Jan. 10, 1816; Anna P., b. April 30, 1815, m., April i, 1840, Warren Hunt of Wayland, he d. at Newton by railroad accident April 30, 1846, no children; Thomas, b. Jan. 24, 18 18, m. Elizabeth I. Houghton of Bolton April, 1 849, where he settled, was a soldier in the late war, v>^ounded at Antietam and d. in hospital at Philadelphia Sept. 24, 1862, WILLIAM H. HARTSHORN. TOWN OF BERLIN. 37 7 wife d. May 26, 1 860 (they had two children, viz. :. Alonzo F., b. Jan. 12, 1850, and Mary E., b. Sept. 21, 1852); Nathaniel, b. Oct. 3, 1820, m., Jan. 22, 1843, Ai^i^ Elizabeth Packard, granddau. of Rev. Asa Packard of Marlboro, is a farmer, settled in Boylston; Sarah P., b. Dec. 26, 1822; Charles H., b. Sept. 10, 1825, lived on the home place; Oliver P., b. Oct. 20, 1828, m. Hannah A. Bryant of Alarlboro, she d. Nov., 1857, he is a clerk in Boston. Reuben Hastings'", Jr., s. of Reuben", Nathaniel', m. Caroline Hall Sept. 15, 1836, res., the old homestead; he d. July 20, 1864. Had Ellen E., b. Sept. 13, 1837; Emily A., b. April 17, 1840; Augustus I., b. Oct. 6, 1842; Stella F., b. Jan. 6, 1846; Charles, b. Aug. 3, 1848. Ephraini Hastings, s. of Silas and Hannah (Reed) Hastings of Boylston, b. Feb. 4, 1783, m. Achsah Sawyer of Lancaster ; he settled in the east part of Boylston in the Six Nations district as a farmer, and continued there until he rem. to the Nathan Johnson place in South Berlin in 1834. His wife, Achsah, d. in 1829, by whom he had Christopher Sawyer, b. Dec. 2, 181 5; Abigail, b. June 11, 18 16, m. Levi Bigelow, Jr., of Marlboro Feb. 4, 1846 ; also had four others who d. in infancy. Hem., 2d, Almira, dau. of Dr. Reuben Puffer. He d. Aug. 23, 1855; wid., Almira, d. July 11, 1879. Christopher Sazoyer Hastings, s. of Ephraim, m. Cordelia, dau. of Levi Bigelow, Sr., of Marlboro, Jan. 1 , 1 840 ; he succeeded his father on the old Johnson homestead; when the war broke out, although ex- 37^ HISTORY OF THE empt from service by reason of age, lie enlisted Aug. I, 1862; he was promoted to the captaincy of Co. I, 36 Regt., Mass. \'ols. ; was at the battle of Freder- icksburg; went with the Ninth Army Corps to Vicksburg and shared in the capture of Jackson, ]\Iiss. ; here he had the small-pox ; recovering from this and on his way to Kentucky he was seized with malarial fever and d. at I^Iound City, 111., Sept. 8, 1863; his body was interred at Berlin with military honors Sept. 16, 1863. Had Ellen, b. June 9, 1841, m. Daniel A. White of Clinton June 20, 1861 ; Ruth- ven, b. July 30, 1843 ; Arthur, 1). Dec. 9, 1846; Leslie, b. April 15, 1849. Rut liven Hastings, s. of Christopher vS., m. Caroline, dau. of Aaron Morse, April 18, 1867; he remained on the homestead with his bro., Arthur, in management of the farm, and in trade at South Berlin under firm name of Hastings Bros. He d. March 7, 1893. Had Eva M., b. Jan. 30, 1868. Arthui- Hastings, s. of Christopher vS., m. Emma F., dau. of Francis R. Boyce, Aug. 10, 1881; was asso- ciated with his bro. as above, and representative to the General Court in 1894. Had Ralph B., b. Dec. I, 1882, d. young; Florence E., b. Feb. 9, 1886. Leslie Hastings, s. of Christopher S., m. Mary Grace, dau. of Solomon H. Howe of Bolton, March 9, 1882; he graduated at Harvard College; was admitted to the bar in Boston, where he practiced law in the office of his uncle, E. M. Bigelow. Had Ethel, b. Sept. 20, 1883, d. ; Leslie, b. Oct. 9, 1885. He d. May 31, 1887, res., Cambridge, where his wid. still resides. TOWN OF BERLIN'. 3 79 Henry Hastings, b. Dec. 24, 1798, s. of Capt. Henry Hastings of Northboro, m. Mary Hutchinson of New Hampshire Dec, 1825; the}- had seven children, all of whom were born before he came to Berlin ; he settled in the south part on the place now owned by Adin B. Allen ; before coming to Berlin he lived in Boston; was a hotel keeper there, and res. in other places. Had Mary Ann, b. in Boston March 27, 1827, m. C. C. Thurston of Boston Feb. 8, 1847; she d. Nov., 1852, leaving two children; Samuel Henry, b. at Middleboro March 20, 1830; Elizabeth L., b. at Freetown Sept. 16, 1832, m. William H. Paige of vSouth Boston ; Susan M., b. at Freetown Dec. 16, 1834, m., Jan., 1854, David B. Jones of vSouth Boston; .she d. June 8, 1865; Edward P., b. at Northboro March 20, 1836; James M., b. at Northboro April 6, 1839: Henrietta J., b. Dec. 6, 1843, m. Spencer C. Chamberlin. Sanincl H. Hastings, s. of Henry, Jr., m., Jan. i, 1853, Harriet Jane, dau. of Daniel Barnes; he is a carpenter ; owned the mills at one time at the south part ; rem. to Grafton ; res. now in Worcester. Had Matilda Jane, b. vSept. 18, 1855, m. J. Hoyt Gunnison; m., 2d, George H. Hastings of Grafton; Lunette M., b. Dec. 24, 1858, m. Robert W. McOrmand of Clin- ton, had four children ; Leo Lincoln, b. July 1 1 , 1865, m. Mary S. Nelson, had five children, res., Grafton; Herman S., b. Feb. 2, 1873. Edivard P, Hastings, s. of Henry, Jr., m. Sarah E., dau. of Winsor Maynard, April 24, 1865; he is a shoemaker; res. in South Berlin. Had David C, b. April 13, 1866; Clarence E., b. May 15, 1872; Mary 380 HISTORY OF THE L., b. Feb. 17, 1874, m. Raymond Coolidge. Wife, Sarah, d. Sept. 12, 1875; m., 2d, Alvira A. Gardner, Sept. 13, 1877 ; divorced; had by Alvira, Sarah 'M., b. Aug. 8, 1878. James M. Hastings, s. of Henry, Jr., m., Nov. 20, 1862, Lucy A. Atherton, a protege of Elisha M. Whitney ; he also is by trade a shoemaker, and res. in South Berlin ; has two sons, viz.: Henry IVhitncy Hastings, s. of James M., b. Sept. 5, 1863; he graduated at the Boston School of Oratory and is now teacher of elocution in Moody's school, near Northfield (Sli. Hermon), m. Annie George of Delaware. Atherton Hastings, bro. of Henry W., b. Sept. 7, 1868 ; a law student in Boston. David C. Hastings, s. of Edward P., m. Carolyn L., dau. of John F. Bennett, Nov. 19, 1890; is a shoe- maker; res. with Mr. Bennett. Rnfns Saiuyer Hastings, b. Nov. 10, 1825, s. of Rufus and Isabella (Howe) Hastings of Sterling, m. Louisa S. Blood of Worcester Jan. 3, 1849; he was a successor of others in the Howe store at Berlin Centre. He d. July 5, 1874, at 49. Had George R., b. April 15, 1855, d. June 19, 1856; Louisa wS., b. May 9, 1858, m. Edward H. Hartshorn; Sarah L, b.- Feb. 5, 1869, d. unm. Nov. 14, 1893, by being thrown from a carriage at West Berlin against an abutment of the C. M. R. R. bridge. IIAYNES. Samuel Morse Hayjies, s. of Emory, b. in Wayland Feb. 24, 1832, m. Julia A. Houghton, dau. of Stephen, Mks. C. S. Hastings UriiivKN IlAsriN<;s. Leslie Hastinc.s, Esri^ TOWN OF BERLIN. 38 1 in Bolton March 26, 1856; he enhsted in Co. F, 13th Regt., and when his term of service expired he re-en- listed in Co. F, 59th Regt.; was wounded Sept. 30, 1862, in the battle of Poplar Grove Church, from the effects of which he lost a leg. The family came to Berlin in 1862, and a few years later he bought the Joshua Johnson farm in South Berlin ; later he purchased the blacksmith shop and business in Carterville, living in the Fuller house; in 1883 he removed to Hudson. Children: Anna, b. vSept. 14, 1857; Olive, b. Dec. 3, 1859; both the children were born in Bolton, from which town they came to Berlin. HEB.\RI). Everett A. Hebard, from North Brookfield, m. Ella A., dau. of Frederick Miller Jan. 12, 1871 ; shoe- maker. Had Frederick E., b. Sept. i, 1875. HOAR. Two of this name were occupants of a tract of land northwest of the Sanderson Carter place, about 1 790 ; the land is still known by that name. Joseph Hoar m. Sophia Bigelow, dau. of Augustus, Aug. 18, 1 790 ; David Hoar m. Lucy Whitcomb in 1 794 ; m., 2d, Nancy Moore in 1802; by her had Sanford, Anna and Eliza. IIOLBROOK. Isaac Holbrook, b. Dec. 17, 1837, from Hamden, Me., m. Persis J., dau. of Capt. John D. Merrill, Nov. I. 1857; he resides in Carterville, nearly opposite the blacksmith shop; is a shoemaker and farmer. Had 38 2 HISTORY OF THE Cora Belle, b. July 12, 1858, m. Arthur Pierce of Concord; Grace Lille, b. x\pril 8, i860, m. Walter Rice of Clinton. Daniel Holbrook, blacksmith in the west part about 1830-40 ; m. Hannah, wid. of Amasa Holt, Dec. 21, 1828. vShe d. Sept. 8, 1843; he died a short time before, no date ; res., the old Barber house. HOLDER. Daniel Holder, b. about 1720, came directly from England ; lived in Nantucket in 1 760 ; a shipwright ; his wife's name was Hannah ; this marriage is on the records of Nantucket; this is as far back as we can go. Thomas, his s., b. on the island of Nantucket in 1756, m. Sarah Gaskill of Mendon, now Blackstone, about 1778 ; he came to Berlin during the last decade of the last century ; built the house upon the long known Holder place, now owned by Edward Greene ; his wife was a preacher among the Friends, He d. Feb., 1830, aged 75 yrs. ; his wid. d. Nov. 6, 1836, aged "J"] yrs. Their children were: Phebe; Han- nah; Joseph; David: Daniel, 2d, b. ^May 19, 1791; Thomas, 2d, b. June 6, 1794; John, b. July 22, 1799; Phebe m. Silas Coolidge of Bolton, d. 1832; Hannah d. in Berlin April 20, 1848: Joseph and David settled in Bolton ; Joseph d. in 1 867 ; David d. in 1 864 ; Daniel m. Harriet Hutchins, b. May 13, 1793, of Concord, N. H., Sept. 15, 18 19; their children were: Maria, b. June 28, 1820, d. Sept. 18, 1863; Samuel H., b. Aug. 26, 1821, d. April 24, 1822; Samuel, 2d, b. March 2, 1823, m. Louisa M. Rice of Marlboro ; Phebe A., b. Nov. 27, 1 824 ; Jane, b. July 30, TOWN OF BERLIN. 1827, m. Charles Bigelow of Hudson ; !Mary H., b. July 8, 1833; Levi H., b. Aug. 17, 1837; lie was a musician in the 27th Regt., Mass. Volunteers, d. at Andersonville. Daniel lost his right arm by acci- dental discharge of a gun May, 1824; built the house just north of the homestead, now the home of the daus., Phebe and Mary. He d. May 18, 1863; his wid. d. Aug. 4, 1 866. Phebe and Mary are graduates of the Westfield Normal School ; their life-work teaching ; many terms of service both have given in the schools of Berlin ; the former taught many years- amid the Berkshire hills in the high schools of Lee and Hinsdale; delighting in literary pursuits she has written much, especially poetry, for various periodi- cals. After closing her work in public schools j\lary taught in the families of Hon. S. H. Howe of Bolton, Judge Dewey of Worcester, Hon. C. G. vStevens of Clinton, and Daniel Dewey of Newton. vShe has an artist soul, her specialty is in painting — flowers. Thomas Holder, 2d, m. Lucy Fosgate. Their children were: Lydia V. B., b. Aug. 3, 1834, m. Andrew Hubbard of Worcester ; vSusan M., b. Dec. 20, 1837, m. Theodore Morse of Cleveland, Ohio; Sarah G., b. Feb. 5, 1840, m. Edwin Noxon of Buf- falo, N. Y. Thomas d. Oct. 20, 1856; his wife d.. April 14, 185 I. He lived on the homestead. JoJin Holder m. Caroline Russell of Springfield, Mass.; twin sons d. in infancy. Had Henry R., b. June 9, 1835, res. next east of the old Holder house. John d. Feb. 6, 1864; his wid. d. in 1881. He had rare musical ability; was a teacher of much note. Henry R. Holder, s. of John, m. Almira Crosby of 384 HISTORY OF THE Marlboro, res., East Berlin, in the house built by his father; was a soldier in the late war; a musician. Had John H. R., b. Feb. 29, i860; Leslie E., b. March 19, 1862; Minnie, b. Feb. 13, 1863; Winifred E., b. Dec. I, 1864; Herman, b. Dec. 28, 1867; Edith I., b. April 20, 1870; Elsie, b. Dec. 25, 1875. HOLMAN. Auiory Hoi man came from Bolton in 1830, m. Lucy AVhitcomb of Bolton in 181 1 and settled on the Merrick Rand place; rem. to the Joshua Johnson farm, now owned by Adin B. Allen, in 1835. Had Nathaniel, b. June 14, 181 3; vSilas W., b. May 16, 18 14, m. Nancy Turner, m.. 2d, Anna E. Holman, he d. Dec. 18, 1855 ; Lucy, b. June 19, 18 16, m. Capt. Silas Sawyer ; Roxana, b. Jan. 21, 1818, d. Nov. 23, 1846, unm.; Rebecca, b. Oct. 26, 18 19, m. Edwin Bathrick, d. Apr. 29, 1861 ; Amor}-, b. Oct. 24. 1 82 1, iTL. vSarah J. Farwell, m., 2d, Julia Lee, res., Bolton, d. Mar. 28, 1895; Jonas, b. Mar. 24, 1824, d. May 16, 1843; Mary L., b. Oct. 20, 1826, m. Capt. Silas Sawyer; Charles, b. Sept. 29, 1828, d. Oct. 11, 1857; Emeline, b. May 25, 1831. m. Jonas H. Brown, she d. April 22, 1886; Harriet, b. Oct. 18, 1833, m. Levi Hartshorn, d. Oct. 22, 1864; Franklin, b. Aug. 30, 1836, m. Martha Bemis, res., Westboro. He d. Jan. 14, 1847; Lucy, wid., d. Aug. 11, 1878, at 83. NatJianicl Holman, s. of Amory, m. Mary B., dau. of Levi Rice of Marlboro. Had Lucinda, b. , d. ; Amory, b. , d. ; and Charles. lives in Ohio. Was a soldier in the late war. He d. >Sept. 29, 1880; wife d. in Marlboro. TOWN OF BERLIN. 385 HOLT. Aniasa Holt m. Nabby, dau. of Dr. Benjamin Nourse, June 25,1 799 ; the family was first on the Israel Saw- yer place in gift to Nabby by her grandf., Benjamin Bailey ; was next on her father's place ; sold same to Alexander j\Iarsh in 1805, and Marsh sold to Hugh Bruce in 1808, and last lived on the old Barber place with his second wife. Wife, Nabby, d. July 7, 1807; he m., 2d, Hannah Moore April 12, 1808 ; he d. Nov, 3, 181 5, at 43; was by trade a saddler. Had Eliza, d. young ; Laura May, m. Altemont Rice of Northboro ; Adaline, m. Amory Wetherbee. Had by Hannah, Erskine, b. 18 10; Eliza, and John T. Erskine Holt, s. of Amasa, m. Phebe B. Francis of Holden. Had John M., b. March 4, 1837; George W., b. Feb. 20, 1840; Phebe Ann, b. ; Ange- nette, b. Aug. 29, 1842 ; rem. to West Boylston. Oscar IV. Holt, from Iowa, s. of Joseph W. and Miranda (Shattuck) Holt, m. Grace, dau. of Amos Sawyer; he is a shoemaker and lives in Hudson. Was a soldier in the late war. HOUGHTON. Two Houghtons came to Lancaster in its beginning in 1652-60. Ralph and John, cousins, were both eminent in public esteem and in public service. The family of Ralph mostly disappear on the records after the Indian massacre in 1676. The families of this region are almost wholly of the John Houghton line. John was b. in Lancashire, Eng., about 1620. His wife's name was Beatrix. Had John, b. 1650; Robert, b. 1658; Jonas, b. 1660; Benja- .386 HISTORY OF THE mill, b. 1668; Mary, Beatrix and Sarah were the daus. ; his first home was between Clinton and South Lancaster on Dean's brook; after the massa- cre he settled on the Old Common, south of the road, nearly opposite the present Reform School ; he possessed a large land estate, situated in Berlin, Clinton and Bolton, as the territory of old Lancaster is now divided, and extendinc^ from near Clamshell pond to the William Fife lands ; thence southerly, including Baker hill. These lands were designated in ancient deeds by names which forcibly remind one of their English origin, such as "Hough- ton's park," "Rosemary meadow," "Cranberry mead- ow," "Three Fountains meadow," "Little Meadow plain," "Job's Corner conveniency." I can locate most of these pieces, but the last named piece stag- gers me. The Fountains is in the N. M. Allen region; "Cranberry meadow" is the northwest corner of Alden Sawyer's farm, and "Little Meadow plain" joins it and takes in the upland to near the Bolton depot. The Beaver dams, named in a deed of Cranberry meadow, were visible in our day. John, Sr., d. on the old Common in 1684, and on the division of his lands his s., John, retained the homestead on the Common and gave the land for a meeting-house there; Robert settled on what is now called the "Acre" in Clinton; Jonas on Vaughn's hill in Bolton, and Benjamin on Little Meadow plain, south of Bol- ton depot. Of the next generation I can only locate Jonathan, s. of John, Jr., on the homestead on the Common; Benjamin, Jr., on the Little Meadow plain; Cyrus, s. of Ebenezer and grands, of Robert, just west of Benjamin, across the Causeway; and John. TOWN OF BERLIN. 387 3d, s. of John, Jr., on the Ephraim Goddard farm, which he sold to Benjamin Bailey in 1718; John, 3d, d. in 1724; another John Houghton, called John Tirtius, 3d, sold the place "where he lately dwelt" to Judge Samuel Baker in 1765. No record of his lineage, but his wife was Mary Goddard, the dau. of William Goddard, the miller. They rem. to Brat- tleboro, Vt., and later to Guilford, where he d. in 1826, aged loi yrs. Cyrus Houghton, s. of Ebenezer and grands, of Robert, settled west of Benjamin (who was on the Merrick Sargent place), just across the Causeway; he was there in 1 785 ; d. in 1 786-7. Had a s., Cyrus, b. 1745, who became a deacon and was known by that designation. Dca. Cyrus Houghton, s. of Cyrus, m. Experience Pike of Framingham ; he settled first in the west part on the place now owned by Silas L. Mills ; sold the same to Obadiah Wheeler in 1 768 ; he was a moving char- acter; was in Putney, Vt., where several Berlin peo- ple settled ; in Framingham and in Boylston ; in the latter place was made deacon ; he returned finally to his old homestead in West Berlin in 1798, after an absence of thirty years. Had by wife. Experience, William, d. in youth of hydrophobia; Achsah, bap. 1777, m. Ephraim Barber 1803, also Pelatiah Gibbs of Livermore, Me.; Eunice, bap. '1777, m., 1807, Silas Carruth of Northboro ; Caleb, b. 1780. Wife, Experience, d. ; he m., 2d, Mary Taylor of Boylston in 1 790 ; she was aunt to Mrs. Job Spofford. Had by Mary, Jonah, b. 1792. Dea. Cyrus d. June 10, 1834, at 89; Mary, wid., d. May 25, 1838, at 86. 388 HISTORY OF THE Some of the land comprising this farm at the west part was bought by his father of Benjamin Wilson in 1747 (eight acres at Wilson Flagg holes); also of James Fife, eighteen acres on both sides of the brook that runs out of Roper's and wSumner's meadows. Caleb Houghton, s. of Dea. Cyrus, m. Susannah, dau. of Josiah Sawyer, Jr., Oct. 3, 1803 ; res. in the north- west part of the town on the Merrick Sargent place ; was a cooper and was at one time engaged in wire drawing. Had Cyrus, b. Aug., 1804, m. Eliza A. Sawin of Gardner, res. in Lancaster and Holliston, in the latter of which he d. in 1868; this Cyrus, 3d, and Eliza had three sons: Edward, who res. in Lancaster; Lucius, who res, in Middleboro; and William A., a professor in New York City University, also was five years in the Imperial College, Japan. Three daus. d. unm. Caleb had, also, Persis, b. Jan. 4, 1808, m., 1830, John Burdett of Clinton; both d. in Holliston; they had sons, JohnM., LeRoy S., and dau., Louisa; George, b. Jan. 19, 18 10, m. in Kingston, Pa., and d. there in 1845 ; William A., b. June 2, 1812; Amory, b. 1816, d. 1819. Wife, Susannah, d. Aug. 23, 18 18. He m., 2d, Jan. 19, 1 8 19, Abigail Merriam, by whom he had Lewis M., b. Oct. 23, 1820, m. in Holliston, where he d. in 185 1, and had one s., Charles; Susannah S. and Abigail M., twins, b. Aug. 15, 1821 ; Susannah d. Feb. 2, 1847; Abigail m. Ira Sawyer, Jr., she d. 1852. Caleb d. here about ; wid., Abigail, m., 2d, Elijah Edson and d. in Holliston May 7, 1866 ; interment here. Jonah Houghton, s. of Dea. Cyrus, m. Zilpah, dau. TOWN OF BERLIN. 3^9 of Tohn Howe of Boylston. Had Jonah Taylor, b. Feb 24, 1819, d. Dec. 15, 1839, having changed his name to Henry T. ; Mary Ann, b. April 8, 1820, m. Houghton of Bolton; he d., she m., 2d, Timo- thy Fairbanks, he d. ; Amory, b. Sept. 21, 1821, d. 1834; Horace, b. Nov. 9, 1822, m. Abra , by whom he had Henry and Charles, both d. young; ^ ^^ Hayes, res., Boston, by whom had Charlotte, b. 1864: d. 1879. Jonah d. 1838; wid. ^^ Sawtell of Grafton; he d., she m., 3d, Wheeler; she d. 1880. William Addison Houghton, s. of Caleb, and the seventh gen. from the first John of Lancaster, m. Marv Grace, dau. of Solomon Howe of Berlin; he lived with his parents on the paternal homestead, never in the hands of any but the Houghtons (save one mere change), until the death of his father, about 18-- his home afterwards during his minority was with 'his guardian, Jonathan D. Meriam, Esq.; at twentv-two vears he began preparations for college; graduated at Yale in 1840, also at Yale Divinity School in 1843 ; was settled the same year over the Cono-regational Church of Northboro, with which he had united in 1 843 ; resigned in 1 8 5 1 ; res m Berlm in 1852; installed over the Congregational Church m Berlin Oct. 25, 1 8 5 3 ; resigned Oct. ^5, 1878, after a pastorate of twenty-five years. The church m 1887, by motion of the pastor, Rev. C. H. Washburn, con- ferred upon him the relation of pastor anerUns He was a member of the School Committee nearly all the time during his pastorate; took great interest m the public schools and in all matters pertainmg to education; he was a prominent figure m the towns 390 HISTORY OF THE municipal life ; was ever ready to promote all meas- ures calculated to advance the best interests and prosperity of the community. The last years of his life were spent in collecting and collating the material for this work, which, through failing health, he was unable fully to complete. He lived on the old Dr. Puffer homestead, bought in 1857; the buildings were remodeled in 1866. Had an adopted dau., Lucinda Howe, who m. Edward H. Hartshorn. His wife, Mary Grace, d. Oct. 16, 1882. He d. of no special disease, but of debility incident to old age, Sunday, March 21, 1891. The funeral, which occurred on the Thursday following, was attended by a very large concourse of people of all denominations. Rev. Henry Hyde of Greenfield, but formerly of Berlin, officiated on the occasion. No one in the daily life of Berlin has been more missed than William Addison Houghton. Jonas Houghton, from Bolton, the fourth of the name Jonas and descendant of John Houghton, vSr., of Lancaster, m. Lucy, dau. of Eleazer Johnson of Berlin. The lineage of this branch of the family stands: John, Sr., d. 1684; Jonas, b. 1660, m. Mary Burbeane of Woburn; Jonas', b. 1682, m. Mary Brig- ham of Marlboro; Jonas', b. 1726; Jonas', b. 1750, m. Lucv Johnson, dau. of Eleazer, and lived with his father-in-law on the place now owned by Willard M, Wheeler. Had Silas, b. 1777 ; no other record. Silas Houghton, s. of Jonas', m. Lucy Farnsworth of New Hampshire March 9, 1799 ; he succeeded his father on the Johnson homestead. Had Merrick, b, Oct. 28, 1799; Emily T., b. Jan. 25, 1801, m. TOWN OF BERLIN. 39 ^ Tilton, res. at the West; Lucy, b. Feb. 28, 1804, m. Oliver Fosgate; Sabra, b. April 27, 1805, m. Alben P. Howe, res., Amherst; Jonas, b. March 3, 1808, m. Fanny Eager of Northboro, he settled in the West ; Silas, b. Jan. 18, 1810; Levi, b. 1812; Eleazer J., b. Oct. 14, 1818; Amory, b. 1816. Silas, Sr., d. Oct. 16, 1820, at 43; wid. m. Benjamin Bailey of Bolton; she d. Nov. 27, 1826. Merrick Houghton, s. of Silas, m. Ruth, dau. of Abram Howe of Marlboro ; his homestead was our pres- ent Chandler Carter place, bought in 182 1 of the wid. of Nathan Egery; house was built in 1830 of funds obtained from a lottery, $2,000 ; rem. to Lancaster, where he d. Had Elihu R., b. Dec. 11, 1820; Ann Eliza, b. Nov. 13, 1822, m. James Penniman, res., Worcester; vSilas B., b. Oct. 7, 1824; Edwin H., b. Dec. 13, 1826; Merrick F., b. Aug. 13, 1828; Ruth Jane, b. May 15, 1830, m. Rev. Mr. Simson; Jonas A., b. April 6, 1832, res.. New York city, policeman and detective; Lewis, b. , deaf and dumb, is professor in Knoxville Asylum, Tenn. ; ^Mathew, b. , res., Long Island; Charles M., b. , res.. New York city. Silas Houghton, bro. of :Merrick, m. Susan Coffran of Goshen, N. H., 1834, and dau. of Benjamin, who came on the Amherst Bailey place in 1831, rem. to Goshen. Had Mary E., b. Dec. 28, 1837, m. John H. Sprague; Frank E., b. Oct. 28, 1843, d. in the army at St. Marv's Church June 24, 1864, was in the 15th Mass. Regt.; Joseph C, b. Jan. 3, 1852, m. Abby Trull of Marlboro. Silas d. in Lancaster July 10, 1882. 392 HISTORY OF THE Levi Houghton, bro. of the above, m. Patience Har- low of Shrewsbury. She d. March 15, 1848; he m., 2d, Lucy Ann, dau. of Josiah Conant. Levi d. March 20, 1851 ; wid. res. in Hudson. Nahuin Houghton m.., Sept. 26, 1786, Leovitia, dau. of Joseph Howe and sister to wife of Amos Sawyer, Sr. ; they rem. to Marlboro, Vt. He d. 1841 at 75 ; she d. 1843 a-t 78. The lineage of this Nahum ap- pears to be down through John, vSr. ; John, Jr. ; John' ; Benjamin; Ezra; Nahum, b. 1767; no other record. Solomon Houghton and wife, Betsey (Pratt), came here from Boylston in 1 8 1 6 ; bought land opposite the Congregational Church and built what was the front part of the hotel ; remained in town four or five years ; he was a descendant of Robert. Thus Robert', Joshua", Solomon'. Had vSerena, William Pratt, vSolomon and Richard Baxter; no other record. The Silas Houghton of West Berlin, just opposite George Howard's, I cannot place genealogically. In 1 8 10 he paid Joshua Johnson ten dollars for that irregular piece of land; the shape was determined by a new location of the road east of the Barber mills. The present well-sweep indicates the house spot. That he was of the Benjamin line might be inferred from his occupancy of a slipe (slips) of meadow. "vSlipes," as they were called, came in by irregular boundaries, — space between defined lots; squatters took possession. Robert Houghton names in deed to Cyrus the "slipes" east of the brook, near the present McPherson place. Later, these slipes were owned by Capt. Henry Powers and his s., John. TOWN OF BERLIN. 393 HOWARD. Timothy Howard, Jr. (s. of Timothy, who m. Dorcas 'Greene and lived in the Fuller house, Carterville), m. Abigail Temple ; he lived at various places in town. Had James; Emeline, m. Gardner Jacobs; Rufus, b. May 18, 1805; Lucinda Sophronia and Dexter, d. young; George W., b. Sept. 27, 18 19. Timothy, Jr., d. Nov., 1846; Abigail d. Aug., 1842. Rufus Hoii'ard, s. of Timothy, Jr., m. Louisa, dau. of Oliver Sawyer of Heath ; res. on south road, where Nelson Larkin now lives. Had Sarah P., b. Jan. 10, , m. David A. Fry; m., 2d, Joshua Wolcott; she d. April 3, 1890; Elmira G., b. Feb. 19, 1829, m. William J. Davenport; Susan B., b. June 14, 1831, m. Jonathan B. Ray, she d. Dec. 16, 1894; Louisa S., b. Dec. 20, , m. vSamuel N. Marsh; Martha A., b. Aug. 4, , m. Abel G. Haynes; Mary W., b. Oct. 8, , m. Ralph Safford; Adeliza J., b. March 8, 1842, m. George H. Andrews in 1862; Augusta M., b. Aug. 21, 1843, m. Wilham Smith. He d. July 23, 1865 ; wid. d. March 18, 1886. Hon. William N. Davenport, now mayor of the city of Marlboro, is a son of the above-named Elmira G. Howard and William J. Davenport, Esq., of Boyl- ston. George IV. Howard, s. of Timothy, Jr., m. Hulda (Forbes) Sargent, wid. of Curtis Sargent, Dec. 8, 1855 ; tie lives in the west part. Had Marshall E., b. Nov. 24, 1857, ^- Etta E. Perkins of Lexington, Me., Oct. II, 1893; had Elwin W., b. July 12, 1894. 394 HISTORY OF THE HOWE. PJdncas Howe, b. 1733,8. of Phineas and Abigail (Bennett) Howe of Marlboro and later of Boylston, who was a descendant of John Howe, one of the first settlers in Marlboro, m. Experience, dau. of William and Experience (Wheeler) Pollard of Bolton ; he settled on Barnes hill on the farm recently owned by Silas S. Greenlief. Had nine children b. from 1760 to 1776, namely: vSilas, b. April 28, 1760; Lucretia, b. Oct. 4, 1761, m. vSamuel Goss of Bolton; Polly (Mary), b. Nov. 10, 1763, ni. Abel Baker, res., Concord, N. H. ; Parna, b. May 24, 1765, m. Jonathan Fairbanks; Sarah, b. March i, I767,m. Silas Sawyer; Phineas, b. March 25, 1769; Experience, b. April, 1771, d. young; Betty, b. April 19, 1773; Abraham, b. July 24, 1776. His three sons settled in Rumford, Me., about 1800, while he in his old age rem. to Concord, N. H., and probably lived with his dau., 'Polly, for Bouton's "History of Concord" tells us that our Phineas Howe was six feet nine inches in height, and his dau., Polly, Abel's wife, was six feet and weighed 202 lbs. ; Susan, dau. of Polly, was six feet two inches. It was reported here in 1825 that a granddau. of Abel Baker led the Lowell factory girls, being the tallest, dressed in white, to greet Gen. Lafayette in 1824. Silas HoiL'c, b. 1737, bro. of Phineas of Barnes hill, m. Abigail, dau. of Isaac Moore, Sr., Feb. 2, 1764; he was the successor of Phineas on the hill, but finally rem. to Rumford, Me., about 1800. Had Silas, b. 1764; Abigail, b. 1766, m. Manasseh Fair- TOWN OF BERLIN. 395 banks; Ephraim, b. 1767; Levi, b. ; Persis, b. ; Tamer, b. 1779; Abraham, b. 1782. Silas Hoive m., 1780, Silence Moore; from the records it is not clear whether this Silas is a s. of Phineas or not. Had Jeremiah N., b. 1781 ; Rebecca H., b. 1782; vSamson, b. 1786, m., 1812, Betsey Howe of Boylston ; Experience, b. 1787; Rumford records add Hannah, b. 1798; Lydia, b. 1802. Capt. Ephraim Hotve, s. of Silas, Sr., m. Hannah, dan. of Fortunatus Barnes, Nov. 11, 1 790 ; he lived on the Merrick Felton farm ; later rem. to Northboro. Had Curtis, b. June 9, 1791, m. Dec. 15, 18 19, Alo- thena Bartlett of Northboro (their early life was in Berlin, later in Northboro, where he d. Oct. 22, 1854, had no children, his wid. d. 1892); Abel, b. Oct. 16, 1795; Lois, b. Nov. 3, 1799, m. Roswell Keyes; Ephraim and Hannah, twins, b. July 7, 1808; Han- nah d. young; Zilpah, b. Aug. 17, 1802, m. William Sawyer, s. of Amos, Sr. ; Lucinda, b. Oct. 16, 1797; Lucy, b. , m. Whitney of Marlboro. Capt. Ephraim d. March 28, 1855, at 87; wife d. June I, 185 I, at 81. Ephraim Hence, Jr., m. Susan Jones; he lived on Philo Bruce's place about 1830; rem. to Northboro. Had seven children ; Lewis T., b. Dec. 15, 1843, is on our list of soldiers. Warn)! S. Hotve, s. of Willard of Marlboro, m. Lucy S., dau. of Amos Sawyer, Jr., Nov. 24, 1870; she d. Jan. 29, 1884; m., 2d, Laura Elizabeth, dau. of John A. Merrill, Jan. 18, 1888. He has been expressman and drove the daily coach to Hudson. He removed to Brookline. .396 HISTORY OF THE Abel Hozi'c, s. of Ephraim, m., Dec. 17, 1817, Betsey Sawyer ; was living on the old Phineas Howe place about 1830; rem. to Maine. Had Hannah, ni. Fran- cis Eager of Northboro: Ellen Gertrude, m. John A. Lane of Northboro. He d. 1 843 in Canton, Me. ; wife d. 1833. Samuel Hence, from Bolton, m. Mary G. Wheeler, dau. of Levi, Jr., Nov. 28, 1849; rem. to Marlboro. Had Ellen M., b. Oct. 23, 1850; Bertha J., b. June 22, 1855; Sumner L., b. Apr. 9, 1859; Henry E., b. Aug. 6, 1866; Clarence, b. Dec. 22, 1870, d. Aug. 12, 1871. Aloirzo F. Hozui\ s. oi Lyman of Marlboro, m. Melinda Lawrence of Marlboro ; he settled in the south part on the place now owned by N. H." Cart- wright in 1857 and built that house; he was in the army in the 29th Mass. Vols. ; d. at Camp Dennison, Cincinnati, Sept. 7, 1863, age 32 ; after his death the family rem. to jMarlboro in 1863. Had Frank D., b. March 7, 1857; Fred W.. b. May 13, 1859. d. young; Stella G., b. June 7, 1861. Solomon Hon'c came to Berlin in 1803. This con- catenation of names preceded him genealogically: John and Mary, Josiah and Mary ( Haynes), Josiah and Mary (Marble), Josiah and Mary (Goodale), Josiah and Molly (Mary) Adams. He m. Sarah, dau. of John Stow; her mother was Grace Newton. The Stows antedated the Howes in Marlboro, but were less numerous. "'Squire Howe" was a kind of town official in public affairs; he was innholder, .storekeeper and farmer ; ventured in card manufac- .turing. a losing enterprise. The writer has "used SOLOMON H. HOWE. TOWN OF BERLIN. 397 tip" variously much of the chimsy machinery. My father, I suppose, furnished the wire in part in his "wire shop" at the foot of Cranberry meadow, "Houghton & Dakin;" "drawing wire," it was called.. The Howe tavern on the present William H, Harts- horn corner was known "on the road" as a dining place, especially after the Boston and Barre stage was started and "summer boarders" were known in Berlin fifty years ago. William Addison, his elder son, at sixteen bought and sold in the store ; he was a merchant by instinct ; he had his eye on Boston from his youth; he reached it in 1837; was wholesale dry goods dealer; became president of the Elliot Ins. Co. and of the Elliot Bank; was mainly instrumental in their organization ; he was stricken by paralysis in Oct., 1858. Solo)/ioii Henry Have was taken from the farm into partnership with his bro. in 1844 after apprentice- ship ; later with others. Pierce, Howe & Co. ; later, Howe, Pierce & Co., bro. of first partner; the senior Pierce said Howe was the best salesman in Boston ; he retired with competence to the old Holman farm on Wataquodock in 1 86-. The tower there on the highest land between Wachusett and Boston was built by him. The long line of evergreens further south will long be reminders of him. Weary with the monotony of retirement, he unhappily entered into complications with the B. C. & F. R, R. (from the O. C. Northern branch), of which he became president when it was extended to New Bedford ; he was stricken by apoplexy in a public meeting in Boston. Died Feb., 1879. Hem. in 1851 Lucinda, dau. of James Savage of Boston, later of Southboro. 398 HISTORY OF THE His children are : Mary Grace, m. Leslie Hastings ; James Sullivan, physician in Boston ; Solomon Henry, merchant in New York city; William Addison, in Oregon. These brothers have a personal record in the late "History of Worcester County," but by tem- porary loss of the manuscript, the record is inserted in the appendix. Solomon Hoivc m. May 19, 1802, Sarah Stow. Had Isabella, b. July 19, 1803, m., March 24, 1822, Major Rufus Hastings of Sterling; she d. in West- boro Nov., 1876, he d, there June, 1883; William Addison, b. July 4, 1806, d. in Berlin Oct. i, 1863, unm. ; Sarah, b. March 21, 1809, d. June 29, 1826; Lydia, b. Aug. 27, 181 1, m., April 25, 1854, Capt. Amos C. Leland of Holliston; he d. May, 1855, she m., Sept. i, 1857, Dea. Luther Peters ; she d. June 2, 1882; Mary Grace, b. May 12, 181 5, m.. May 28. 1844, Rev. William A. Houghton, then of North- boro; Luc}- E., b. May 2, 181 7, m.. May 13, 1841, Dr. Edward Hartshorn ; Solomon Henry, b. Nov. 29, 1822. HUDSON. John Hudson, b. 171 3, s. of Nathaniel and grands, of Daniel and (Joanna) Hudson, who settled in Lan- caster in 1665, m. Elizabeth McAllister of NorthborO; she d. May 16, 1786, age 66; he m., 2d, March 28, 1787, Bertha Wood, who survived him; he settled in the southwest part of the town on the hill south of the Barneses, later known as the Dinsmore place. Had b}' Elizabeth, Elisha, m. Susanna Brigham, rem. to Canada; Elijah, m. Hannah Goodnow, moved WILLIAM A. HOWE. ;i fortune and won the reputation ot a sKUltui nnancier. >v ,.ii^ X* "■;■;;•■ 7 -J-y^^, \.' cess as president of the Eliot Bank and the Eliot Fire Insurance Co.. both of which he founded, he was stricken with paralysis and died in Berlin in 1S3,. His internient was at Mt Auburn. While in health he purposed to build a mansion on the old site, and removed and refitted the old house on a site opposite the old churcfi. TOWN OF BERLIN. 399 to Clarendon, Vt. ; Merriam, m. Jonas Babcock of Northboro, and was the mother of Mrs. Adam Bart- lett; Moses, res., Bolton, unm. ; Aaron, was in the Lexington alarm in 1775; Hannah, d. in Berlin unm.; Ebenezer, d. in the Revolutionary army; John, moved to Oxford, was three years in the army; Charles, was a three years' man in the Continental army, and when his time was about expiring he was accidentally killed by one of our own men: two scouting parties met in the night time, and one mistaking the other for the enemy, fired and killed him and another man. Stephen, b. 1761, settled in Marlboro, was three years in the Continental service ; was the father of Hon. Charles Hudson, the historian of Marlboro ; Elizabeth, the youngest of the family of eleven children, m. Levi Fay of Marlboro. The military record of this family of John Hudson is certainly remarkable, when we consider that he was in the expedition against Crown Point in 1755, and two of his sons also were in the old French and Indian war, and he and all of his sons were in the Revolutionary war at some period of its contin- uance. John Hudson d. in Berlin Aug. 6, 1799, age 86 ; was an original church member in Berlin. Daniel, the grandf. of John, together with his wife, Joanna, and two daus. and two grandchildren, were killed by the Indians in Lancaster in 1697; they lived on Gibson's hill. HUNT. Hainan Hunt, from vSudbur}', was the successor of William A. Howe in the old corner store. Wife, Harriet, d. here Oct. 10, 1843. 400 HISTORY OF THE HUNTING. Martin R. Hunting, from Marlboro, m. , dau. of Stephen — . Houghton of Bolton ; he lived in the south part in 1858 in the house now of Edward P. Hastings; was a wheelwright and worked in Wheeler's mill ; rem, to Gardner. Had a s. Stephen in the late war, who was killed in a battle near Petersburg, Va. Joseph Hunting, from , m. Emma Miller,. sister to Mrs. Frank Babcock. He d. here Nov. 15,, 1874, age 34; wid. m. George C. Rathburn. JACKSON. Henry Jackson, better known as General Jackson,, a colored man, born a slave in New Jersey, emanci- pated in middle life, drifted to Berlin about 1844. Had a wife and children ; lived in the old tan-yard house in Carterville; the family left him about 1855 (no great loss); he afterwards mainly supported himself by sawing wood; had quarters in Wm. Fry's house, until at last he found a home at Tewks- bury, 1879, and there died. A lowly life — yet Berlin gives To this humble Afric son An honored place upon this page For faithful serving done. " Honor and fame," we learned in youth, " From no condition rise; " Act well your part," in every state, "There all the honor lies." JENKINS. William Jenkins, from Southbridge, m. Joanna Donovan Oct. 4, 1 864 ; he lived in the east part of A. W. LONGLEY, p. 423. A. J. Johnson, p. 406. Chakles . J/ors,, b. Nov. 15. 1823. s. of Jesse Morse of Mariboro, m. Susan C, dau. of Lewis Car- ter, March 31, 1^47; she d. April 20, 1855, leaving no children ; he m., 2d, Eugenia S., sister of Susan 440 HISTORY OF THE C, May I, 1856; he lived in his minority with Capt. Paul Brigham ; after his marriage he occupied the Welcome Barnes place; rem. to the Capt. Paul farm in 1865; sold the same in 1892 and bought the Edwin Sawyer place in Carterville, which he enlarged and repaired; was on the Board of Assessors in 1858-62, and selectman in 1877; he d. Aug. 18, 1893. Had Susan C, b. Aug. 31, 1859, m. Daniel H. Bassett; Lucy S., b. Dec. 20, -1862, d. Aug., 1865 ; Fred W., b. Dec. 6, 1865 ; Jennie E., b. June 9, 1868, graduated Northboro high school, has taught school five years; Sibyl E., h. Sept. 6. 1871, d. May 3, 1873- Ainory C. Morse, bro. of Winslow B., m. Mary S,, dau. of Capt. Samuel Spofford, July 7, 1847; he lived on the place owned by his wife, Mary vS., a part of the Capt. Samuel Spofford farm. Had Thirza M., b. May I, 1852, d. March 11, 1853; Charles E., b. Aug. 14, 1856, d. Aug. 14, 1861 ; Mary Amanda, b. Dec. 20, 1859. He d. Feb. 14. 1885. Fri'd ]]'. J/orsr, s. of Winslow B.. m. Delia L., dau. of Daniel A. White of Clinton, Oct. 29, 1891 ; he is a graduate of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute ; professor of chemistry in the N. H. Agricultural College and state chemist in the experiment station. MOSSMAX. St/as Moss man of Sudbury m. Elizabeth Goodale of Marlboro. Had Abner, bap. 181 3; David, 18 16; George, 1 8 1 7. vSilas was brother to Mrs. Eli Sawyer ; the mother d. here Jan. 10, 1839. 4 3i?^i^ ip^' -^^ wtz^^Vt;^ TOWN OF BERLIN. 44 1 NEWSOME. Robert Xczvsojiie, b. in Yorkshire, Eng., Sept. 26, 1823, m. Ann Hall in 1846; by her had an infant, d. young, and William, b. Feb. 18, 1848, lives in New York. \Vife, Ann, d. in England in 1848; m., 2d, Mary A. Williams of Lunenburg; she d. in 1866 m., 3d, Marv' J. Kinders June 21, 1869; by her had Lilla, B. b. May 29, 1871, m. Hugh E. MacPherson Ida B. Rice, protegee and niece of Mrs. Newsome, lives with them; res. in south part, near the corner of Northboro and Marlboro roads. House and barn burned July 24. 1895; rem. to the Daniel Cartwright place. NEWTON. Two families of this name lived here in the early times, both of which by marriage became connected with some of the more prominent families of the town. Cotton Xewton, the s. of Dea. Paul Newton. who lived just over the line in Northboro, will first be considered, and secondly, William Newton, the grandf. oi the late John F. Newton, will claim our attention. Cotton XitL'to//, h. Nov. 13. 1759, s. of Dea. Paul Newton, b. 17 18, was a s. of Josiah, b. 1688, and he a s. of Moses, b. 1646, whose father was Richard, b. in England in 1600, and settled in Sudbury, now ^^larlboro, in 1640. On account of the connection of the family of Dea. Paul with Berlin families, we give space to his family record. His wife's name was Mary Farrar, and he lived on the place recently owned bv his grands.. Isaac Newton; was a tanner 442 HISTORY OF THE by trade; had six children: William, b. Dec. 20, 1746, d. May 29, 1758; Moses, b. Dec. 16, 1750, m., Jan. 30, 1785, Elizabeth Munroe; Paul, b. vSept. 13, 1754, m., April 2, 1778, Keziah Maynard ; josiah, b. July 24, 1757. d. May 9, 1763; Cotton, b. Nov. 13, 1759; ]\Iartyn, b. in Northboro May 2, 1767, m., Sept. 17, 1790, Eunice Johnson of Berlin. Dea. Paul d. May 18, 1797, at 78; wid., Marv, d. 181 2, at 80. Cotton Xci^'toir ni., Oct. 25, 1785, Abigail, dau. of William and Flannah (Barrett) Sawyer of this town ; the marriage ceremony was performed by Dr. Puffer at the parsonage; they both rode the same horse, she on a pillion behind him; such was the fashion in those days ; thev lived at first on the Josiah Wil- son place, then owned by James Goddard, where his first child, Sabra, was b. ; in 1786 he bought of Silas Bailey the place where Rufus R. Wheeler now lives ; his name appears on our records as one of the town officers in 1795: he sold to Simeon Bowman in 1798 and rem. to Marlboro, Vt. ; he was a soldier in the Revolutionary war in Col. Cushing's regiment, and was present at the surrender of Oen. Burgoyne to Gen. Gates at Saratoga in 1777; he heard the im- petuous message which (jcn. Gates sent to the British commander: "If you don't surrender in fifteen minutes, I'll make your lines as hot as ." Cotton Newton had Sabra, aforenamed, b. here vSept. 2, 1786, m. and settled in Brattleboro, Vt., d. July 30, 18 19; William, b. Aug. 17, 1788, was famous as a school teacher and mathematician, and was repre- sentative to the Legislature of Vermont; he had a s., William Sawyer Newton, who is a merchant of TOWN OF BERLIN. 443 Brattleboro, and has been postmaster and town clerk there many years. Cotton Newton d. April 8, 1847. at 87; wife d. Dec. 26, 1852, at 87. MILITARY SERVICE. Taken trom the rolls of Revolutionary war service : "Cotton Newton appears with rank of private on muster and pay roll of Capt. Edmund IJrigham's company, Col. Job Cushing's regi- ment ; enlisted Sept. 12, 1777; discharged Nov. 29, 1777 ; residence, Crafton ; served two mos. eighteen days, travel in- cluded." [jikc Ncivton, a native of Marlboro, N. H., lived for some years previous to his death in the house on the Hudson road, now owned by Mrs. Dyar ; he lived alone and d. alone wSept. 12, 1859. Hiiirv Nrwtoii, from Fitzwilliam, N. H., a shoe- maker, unm. ; while working for Maynard & Whit- ney d. Oct. 29, 1856, by suicide. Williaiii Nctuton m., Nov. 15, 1798, vSarah Hoar; both of Berlin. Had a family of nine children, namely : Dorinda, Sally, William, Dinah, Anselm, Alvin, David, vSusan, Amelia, and Benjamin F., who d. while preparing" for practice of law. Of the above-named, only Alvin and David appear to be connected by inarriage or residence with this town ; Alvin m. vSarah Whitcomb of Berlin Jan. 7, 1809, and David m. Beulah Johnson June 18, 1807; David and Beu- lah had as., John P., b. Feb. 6, 1809, m. Elizabeth Brigham, sister of Capt. Paul Brigham ; was several years town clerk here ; kept a store at West Berlin and finally rem. to Northboro, where he d. It is not known wdiat connection, if any, this family had with the other Newton familv. 444 HISTORY OF THE NOURSE. Dr. Benjamin Nonrsc, from Bolton, m. Sibella, dau. of Benjamin Baile}^ of Berlin, Nov., 1777 ; she d. Feb. 20, 1799, and he m., 2d, Kate, sister of vSibella; he practiced first in New Hampshire ; he settled here on the place recently occupied by E. C. Shattnck, but finally rem. to his father-in-law's place, where Marcus M. Goddard now lives, and there d. Feb. 24, 1804. Kate, his wid.. d. Oct. 14. 1S19. Had by his wife, Sibella, Sibella. who m. Nathan Eg-ery; Nabby, m. Amasa Holt; Theophilus, b. April 9, 1787; by his wife, Kate, had Theodore, b. Oct. 25, 1801. Theophilus Nourse m. Lois, dau. of Daniel Brigham, Mav 3, 181 5 ; the family rem. to Westboro. Had Benjamin Bailey, b. March 31, 18 16, m. in West- boro, has been a prominent man in that town, and has held many public trusts, has a s., an architect in AVorcester, who gratuitously furnished the plan of the Unitarian Church; Jane, m. Charles Rice of Westboro; Catherine, m. Stevens of West- "boro, now ^Marlboro; Lois Brigham, m. Henry W. Baldwin of Shrewsbury. Capt. Theophilus d. April 24, 1824; his wid. was alive and in good health a few years ago at the age of 9 1 . Theodore Xonrse m. Rebecca, dau. of James God- dard, 2d, in 1822; they lived on the old Bailey place, Avhere Marcus M. now lives. Had Rufus, b. March 9, 1823; James G., b. Jan. 24, 1828, d. April 3, 1834. Theodore d. June 21, 1866; she m., 2d, Calvin Smith, by whom she had Angenette, b. Nov. 11, 1843, d, Nov. 16, 1876; Rebecca d. in Hudson with her nephew, Stephen Smith. JOHN O. OSGOOD. TOWN OF BERLIN. OSGOOD. 445 John O. Osgood, s. of Daniel Osgood, b. in Bolton June 12, 1833, m. Harriet Jane, dau. of George W. Maynard, Aug. 4, 1852; lives in south part; house erected by himself ; a farmer. Had Sophia, b. March 3, 1853, d. Dec. 24, 1853; George E., b. April 27, 1855 ; Emma J., b. Jan. 6, 1858, d. May 4, 1868 ; John W., b. June 6, 1873, d. Aug. 23, 1873. Gi'ori^c li. Osgood, s. of John O., m. Ida May, dau. of Andrew J. Johnson, June 24, 1877; res., Hudson; shoemaker and poultry farmer. Had George R., b. April 17, 1878; Charles E., b. Feb. 20, 1880. r.\RMKXTER. App/itoti D. Pariiicnicr, s. of Isaac of Sudbury and a descendant of John Parmenter, one of the early settlers of vSudburv, came to Berlin with his family in 1875; he m. Julia Bancroft of Nelson, N. H., and lived awhile on the old Parmenter place in Sud- bury; his present res. is in New Worcester (so-called)^ and is by trade a painter and paper-hanger. Had Ella R., b. May i, 1852, m. Edward P. Holden ; Etta F., b. June 8, 1856, m. Charles D. Mills, res., Florida; Emma N., b. March 10, 1858, m. James W. McLaren, killed by Indiajis in 1877 in the Custer massacre; m., 2d, William Allen, he d. 1888; Isaac F., b. vSept. 14, i860; E. Jennie, b. April 6, 1862, m. John K. Mills, res., Northboro. Isaac F. Pariiicntcr, s. of Appleton D., m. Adelaide R. Cottle of Martha's Vineyard Sept. 28, 1887; lives in the house he built near New Worcester. 446 HISTORY OF THE PARKS. James Russell J^arks, s. of James Parks of Holliston and grands, of Richard Parks of Watertown in 1636, m. Anna Leland in 1786; he bought the mills at the south part, together with the farm now owned by (jeorge W. Tyler in 1 790 ; he was one of the suc- cessors of William Goddard, the miller, who made the long dam and erected the first mill at the south part; the original house stood in the lot southeast of the present buildings; he was a prominent citizen and influential in town affairs. Had Joseph, b. Nov. II, 1787; Anna, b. Oct. 13, 1790, m. Edward John- son; Charlotta, b. 1794, d. 1796; Pamelia, b. Oct. 3, 1797, m. John Powers. He d. Julv 13, 1813, at 53 ; wid. d. 1828. Co/. Jose I'll l\vks\ James R.', m. Anna Meriam Nov. 29, 1807; wife, Anna, d. 1825; he m., 2d, Mrs. Eliza (Blood) Cole of Bolton; she d. 1842; he d. in Holliston in 1 881, at 94; he was the successor of his father in the mill and farm property and continued in possession until he sold the mills and farm to Samuel Williams, about 1844. when he rem. to Holliston; he was a highly esteemed citizen of the town and his de- parture was much deplored. Had by Anna, Beulah Leland, b. Feb. 8, 1808, d. June 21, 1834; Russell, b. Aug. 21, 18 TO; Melissa,»b. Tune 18, 18 12, d. Nov. 28, 185 I ; Lawson, b. Sept. 2, 181 5, d. 1821. Russell /\vks\ lames'"', James R.', m. Ann Green April 16, 1834; he built the house where Elisha M. Whitnev lately lived; worked with his father in the mills and on the farm ; rem. with his father to Hol- liston, but lived a part of the time afterwards in TOWN OF BERLIN. 447 Worcester. Had by wife, Ann, one child, Beulah Ann, b. March 3, 1835. Wife, Ann, d. 1839; he m., 2d, Harriet Newell Fay, dau. of Dea. Dexter Fay, April 2, 1840, and by her had: Harriet Josephine, b. Aug. 3, 1843; Joseph Russell, b. 1847. Wife, Har- riet, d. May 21, 1848; m., 3d, a Mrs. Bemis April 4, 1849. PALM-:. Tyler I\iim\ s. of Tyler Paine of vSmithfield, R. I., m. Mary Ann, dau. of Asa Wheeler of Bolton, May 7, 1848; he lived on the farm where Robert New- some now res., for several years; he finally bought of vSamuel Williams the place where Philo Bruce now lives, where he continued until after the death of his wife, which occurred suddenlv Oct. 20, 1862; he enlisted in 1864 in the 3d Regt. of Cavalry, Mass. Vols., and d. in New Orleans June 15, 1864, age 40. Had Asa W., b. May 28, 1849; Lewis W., b. Nov. 17, 1850; Abbie Alice, b. Dec. 7, 1851, m. Clifford Walcott, res., Hudson; Ruth, b. Sept. 6, 1854, m. Henry A. vStonc, d. March 4. 1883. TAKKKK. Dca.JoJui Parker, b. in Framingham June 16, 1798, m. Mary iVnn Fales of Shrewsbury Sept. 3, 1823; he was s. of John, the sixth in descent from Thomas Parker, who was one of the first settlers of Reading in 1638 ; he was the father of Charles F. and John H. Parker, the shoe manufacturers here, as also the father of Mrs. Milton Day and Mrs. Sarah L. (Parker) Sawyer, the noted singer; he lived while here in the Dr. Hartshorn homestead, then owned by his dau., Mrs. Sawver ; he is well remembered here as a man 448 HISTORY OF THE of sterling integrity and high moral worth. His wife d. here July 16, 1885 ; he d. in Marlboro. PETERS. Dca. Luther Peters, s. of George Peters of Felton- ville, now Hudson, b. April 20, 1806, m. Abigail Holman of Bolton May 31, 1832; she d. June 4, 1839; m., 2d, Maria Gould April 12, 1848, she d. Nov. 12, 1855 ; m., 3d, Lydia (Howe) Leland Sept. i, 1857, she d. June 2, 1882; his father was a black- smith in Hudson previous to 1 800, and I^ither con- tinued the business at the old stand for many years until he exchanged his estate in Hudson for a farm in Sterling; after the death of his second wife, he came to Berlin and built the splendid house in which he now resides; is now living with his s., John G., and is at the date of this writing (Jan. i, 1895) the oldest man in town. Had by Abigail, Luther H., b. May 30, 1833, res., Boston: Irene F., b. Feb. 16, 1838, m. Edwin Babcock; Onslow B., b. May 21, 1839; War- ren S., b. Oct. 7, 1845, res., Maynard. Had by Maria, John G., b. May 8, 1850; Edwin R., b. March 30, 1853, d. May 3, 1855. Dea. Peters d. Feb. 27, 1895. John G. Peters, s. of Luther, unm. ; occupies the homestead with his father on the site of the old Solomon Howe store; was the successor of Amos Sawyer in the express business from Berlin, Hudson and Maynard to Boston. PIERCE. Rev. Granville Pierce, from Townsend, was the second pastor of the Unitarian Church; m., 2d, Georgiana H. Damon Dec. 24, 1881. MRS. W. A. HOUGHTON. MRS. L. PETERS. Marv (;iacu ( 1 Inw t) 1 Inunliloii, daughter of Solomon ;iiid Sarah Howe, born liuri- iti i'yer\ Hartwell', Ira", Josiah", Dea. Josiah', m. Abbie M,, dau. of George Farwell, June 14, 1871. Had Elsie G., b. Dec. 5, 1871, d. July i, 1892; Ivers E., b. April 22, 1874; George H., b. May 8, 1876; Perley B., b. Oct. i, 1878; Ethel M., b. May 15, 1881 ; MRS. EDWIN SAWYER. FRANK L. SAWYER. TOWN OF BERLIN. 49 1 Hattie W., b. March 21, 1886; Elcia G., b. Aug. 21, 1892. Lexvis N. Sawyer", Oliver', Ira', Josiah", Dea. Josiah", m. Eliza O., dau. of John G. Fosgate, res., Hudson; L. Agnes, b. Apr. 18, 1878, m. Beatrice, b. June 29, 1883. Joseph Henry Sawyer", Alden', Rufus', Josiah', Dea. Josiah', m., June 13, 1869, Abbie Green, dau. of Edward F. Green; he succeeds his father on the Judge Baker farm at the stone house. Had Walter A., b. June 28, 1880; Carl E., b. March 5, 1882; Louisa P., b. Feb. 26, 1883; Lucy M., b. Nov. 28,. 1887; Ralph H., b. May 5, 1892, d. Aug. 17, 1892. A. AugusUis Sawyer", Israel', Rufus', Josiah", Dea. Josiah', m., May 9, 1877, Ellen E., dau. of Elisha T. Wheeler. Had Louisa E., b. Sept. 17, 1878; Nellie M., b. May 8, 1882 ; Ina O., b. May 4, 1886. He d. Oct. 17, 1893. Eawin Erving Sawyer", Edwin', Rufus", Josiah\, Dea. Josiah', m. Lizzie Arabella, dau. of George E. Johnson, Oct. 17, 1877 ; has been connected with the Herbert Howe Shoe Co. for many years, and been on the Board of Aldermen of Marlboro. Had one child, d. young. Daniel Saivyer of Bolton, and wife, Catherine, both d. here; she d. Jan. 20, 1862; dau., Betsey, d. Jan. 12, 1862, at 39; other children were: Josiah C, whO' m. Fatima, a sister of George W. Maynard, had Daniel, Josiah, and a dau. who m. Calvin Smith, Jr.; Hannah, wife of Henry D. Coburn, and Catherine, wife of William Coburn ; Erastus O. m. Sarah Jane,, dau. of Oliver Smith. 492 HISTORY OF THE SAWTELLE. Ebcnczcr S. Sazvtclle, b. Sept. 15, 18 10, s. of Zacha- riah, who was b. in Northboro, m. Roxana, b. Dec, 9, 181 5, dau. of Sewell Bruce, March 5, 1834; .settled next north of George H. Barnes'; farmer and stone mason. Had Martha F., b. Dec. 19, 1834, m. Jonas 5. Ball, she d. Nov. 27, 1878, Jonas d. Oct. 5, 1865; Ebenezer S., b. Dec. 21, 1836, d. Sept. 21, 1841; Joseph M., b. June 23, 1840; Frances A., b. Oct. 5, 1844, m. Richard M. Wheeler; Ebenezer S., b. Nov 6, 1846; Henry L., b. Sept. 20, 1849. Wife, Roxana, d. March 27, 1890. Joseph M. Satvtcllc, s. of Ebenezer S., Sr., m. Mary Jane Hayden; no children; res,, West Brookfield ; was a soldier in the late war. Ebenezer S. Sawtcllc, Jr., m. Harriet A., dau. of Elisha T. Wheeler, June 20, 1869, res., the Esq, Asa Sawyer place. Had William H., b, April 13, 1870, res., Waltham. Wife d. Sept. 22, 1890. Henry L. Saivtelle, s. of Ebenezer S., Sr., m. Ellen E. Shaw Oct. 5, 1870; he is station agent at Marlboro Junction. Had Harry A., d. 1890. SEVERANCE. Nathan Severance, b. in Danbury, N. H., Sept. 27, 1850, m. Elizabeth S. Griffith March 3, 1892; came to Berlin 1 892 ; res. on the Capt. Paul Brigham place. SHATTUCK. This has been a prominent New England family. Among the eminent of the name, Lemuel Shattuck TOWN OF BERLIN. 493 was foremost in local historical researc. He was a graduate of Harvard and a cultivated scholar. His "History of Concord," 1855, was among the earliest of its kind, and gave inspiration to many students of New England life. He also wrote a genealogy of the Shattucks. More than any other man, perhaps, save Marshall P. Wilder, he laid the foundation of the Historical Society, worthy of his calling. The earliest family of Shattucks in America was founded by William, "weaver," of Lancashire (?), England, b. 1621 ; he was one of the first proprietors of Watertown. Stephen Shattnck'\ Jr., Stephen"', Samuel', SamueF^ Samuer, William', b. in Pepperell Aug. 10, 1785 ; his father served three years in the Continental army; was at Valley Forge in that memorable winter, and was a pensioner from 18 18; Stephen, jr., lived in Francestown, N. H., North Reading, Marl- boro, Northboro, Boylston and Berlin, Mass.; m., 1 8 16, Hannah, dan. of Carter of North Reading. Had Miranda N., b. Jan. 11, 1818; Elijah C, b. Aug. 27, 1820; Hannah A., b. June, 1822; Stephen A., b. June 12, 1824, m., Jan. i, 1856, Harriet, dau. of Capt. Seth Rice, lives in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Hannah, wife of Stephen, Jr., d. in Northboro Aug. 8, 1824; he m., 2d, Dolly Longley, wid. of Ira B. and dau. of Daniel and Dolly Carter. Both d. in Berlin — he March 24, 1867; she Feb. 28, 1870. Elijah C. Shattiick\ vStephen", Stephen', Samuer, SamueV, Samuer, William', b. in Marlboro, m. Olive C, dau. of Levi Wheeler, Sept. 25, 1848. They had 494 HISTORY OF THE Georg-e M., b. Jan, 19, 1850; Miranda Grace, b. July 29, 1858, d. Jan. 6, 1862; Clara L., b. July 9, 1863; Mary Isabelle C, b. April 19, 1868. He moved to Berlin in 1852 and was in the shoe business a num- ber of years ; bought the house built by Mrs. Abram Babcock, near Chandler Carter's, where he lived thirty-three years; he then sold out and moved into the Fuller house in Carterville, where he now lives. Harhvcll Sliattuck\ s. of Edmund" of Francestown, N. H., came to Berlin in 1862, m., Aug. 18, 1863, Mary E., dau. of Charles and Lucy (Wheeler) Snow. They had Charles Hartwell, Lucy Lincoln, George Andrew, who d. in infancy, and Henry Snow. Hart- well d. Aug. 5, 1873, and Mary d. May 23, 1877, each at the age of 38 yrs. George Marshall Sliattuck*, s. of Elijah C.'.m., May, 1870, Sarah Abbie, dau. of Albert and Mary (Sawyer) Babcock. Children : Sarah Bigelow and Pierson Howland. He d. May 20, 1876; his wid. m. Joseph Stratton and now lives in Hudson. SHEPHERD. Stephen Shepherd, trader in part of present resi- dence of George Felton, m,, April 17, 1820, Lucy Goodnow of West Boylston, where he rem. Cyrus Shepherd, bro. to above and to first wife of Zenas Johnson, went as missionary to the Flathead Indians, Oregon, where he d. after years of labor ; his wid. returned to Lynn ; Cyrus and sister were brought up in the family of Solomon Howe; Cyrus and W. A. Howe planted the noble elms just west of the Peters house. TOWN OF BERLIN. 495 SMALL. Charles E. Small, h. Feb. 3, 1863, from Gardner, Me., m. Lucy J. Randall, dau. of Paul A., Nov. 11, 1886 ; lives on her father's place in old house. Had Ralph B., b. Jan. 11, 1S89; Myron R., b. July 21, 1890. SMITH. Oliver Smith, b. Oct. 3, 1803, s. of David and grands, of John vSmith of Marlboro, m. Selina E. Hixon April 20, 1826; res. in Carterville; built the house now owned by the Central R. R. Co. Had Addison Gilbert, b. July i, 1829, was a graduate of Harvard College, class of i860, was a teacher in high schools, d. Nov. 16, 1874, unm. ; also they had Sarah Jane, b. May 10, 1836, m.. May, 1854, Erastus O. Sawyer, s. of Daniel Sawyer from Bolton, he d., and Sarah J., his wid., res. in the south part and is still engaged in teaching. Oliver d. Aug. 22, 1865 ; Selina, his wid., d. Sept. 19, 1871. Calvin Smith, s. of Calvin and grands, of John Smith above named, m. Eusebia, dau. of James God- dard, 2d; she d. Dec. 5, 1841 ; m., 2d, Rebecca, wid. of Theodore Nourse, and sister of Eu.sebia; he lived in the south part on the Newsome place. Had by Eusebia, Francena, m. John Johnson ; Calvin, b. July II, 1833; James G., b. Aug. 13, 1836; Stephen, b. Dec. 23, 1838. By Rebecca had Angenette, b. Nov. II, 1843, d. Nov. 16, 1876 ; Charles, b. 1846, d. 1851. He d. in Nelson, N. H., Dec. 5, 1883. Rebecca d. in Hudson Dec. 6, 1879. David Smith m., Aug. 11, 181 5, Catherine Chace, sister of Mrs. Roswell Bliss. Children : Richard 496 HISTORY OF THE- R., b. Dec. 7, 18 17, m. Julia E. Burrill of Lynn, who, after his death, m. Pliny B. Southwick ; David Anthony; also Anna and Lydia, who retained the homestead now owned by Sewell Merrill. Mr. Smith of the Society of Friends was among the earliest of the town School Committee. Riley Smith, s. of Asa, b. in Lunenburg, Vt., Aug.- 19, 1 82 1, m., Aug. 16, 1846, Eleanor C, dau. of Asa Carter, who was b. in Berlin May 10, 1798, and d. here Oct. 3, 1850. Riley was ourprincipal blacksmith for twenty-five years or more ; he was engaged in trade at the R. S. Hastings store in 1874-79; rem. to Hud- son Nov. 26, 1879, ^i^d. carried on blacksmithing there till Jan. 20, 1888, the time of his death. Had Addie C, b. May 8, 1848, m. Austin F. Smith of Fitchburg Jan. 4, 1871 ; Charles A., b. May 8, 1850, d. Oct. 8, 1886; Nellie C, b. Feb. 18, 1868. SNOW. Ansel L. Snow, b. in Nantucket, m. Hannah M., dau. of Henry D. Coburn, Nov. 28, 1852; he settled on the place now owned by Granville Butler ; was a soldier in the late war; a shoemaker. He d. June 18, 1874; wife d. Oct. 27, 1872. Had Irene Estella, b. Feb. 17, 1854, d. Oct. 19, 1855; Jesse C, b. April 7, 1856, m. Percey Johnson in 1875, she d. July, 1876; Henry Clifton, b. Jan. 16, 1859; Elmer E., b. Jan. 2, 1862, d. in California unm., Dec. 14, 1887. Henry C. Snow, s. of Ansel L., m. Annie Cox of N. S. Shed. 1887. He d. May 12, 1893. Had Elmer A., b. Nov. 6, 1886. TOWN OF BERLIN. 497 SOUTHWICK. Personal names often suggest much public history. We have two such connecting us with Salem witch- craft and the Quaker persecution — Nourse and Southwick. The foundation head of the American Southwicks is Lawrence and Cassandra ; they were bap. in the Salem Church Feb. 24, 1639, about ten years from the settlement ; they were the first sepa- ratists from the church some years later in 1656, an influx of the Quaker sect or followers of George Fox having arrived. Of all who suffered persecution these two seem to have been really the most gentle and Christian-like in their peculiar views and bear- ings ; thev were not of those who suffered death, as some four others did ; they were banished and d. in want and suffering on Shelter island. David South- wick, the first Berlin Southwick, was of the fifth generation: Lawrence', Daniel", Lawrence", Law- rence', David'. It is somewhat singular that two others of Berlin names so far back as that date are associated at least with the sufferers. Then, too, as later, they were mixed by marriage — Gaskill and Holder; Gaskill was a preacher. vSamuel Gaskill in 1662 m. Provided, dau. of Lawrence and Cassandra. The persecution of the Quakers began about the time of the founding of Lancaster, witchcraft persecution later in 1690-95. We yield the foremost position to the Quakers in their ideas of the rights of conscience. We are tolerant, too, of the religious frenzy of those who certainly seemed to court persecution and martyrdom. It is small palliation of the cruelties inflicted to show 498 HISTORY OF THE up the small provocations on the part of those who were condemned to punishment. David Soiithwick oi the fifth generation, b. March 24, 1754, m., April 16, 1779, Elizabeth Sweet, or Swett, as sometimes written; he d. April 16, 18 19; he came to town about 1780 and settled on the place now owned by Paul A. Randall ; vStephen Sweet, probably the father of his wife, lived on the same place with him. Had Tamson, b. March 19, 1780, m., Feb. 5, 1807, John Hoag, he d. April 10, 1807; Stephens., b. July 12, 1781; Hulda, b. April 6, 1783, d. Oct. 22, 1800; Hannah, b. Feb. 20, 1785, d. April 23, 1809; David, Jr., b. Jan. 11, 1787, m. Jan., 1 809, Polly Coolidge, was killed by powder blast in the Bolton lime-kilns April 26, 1826; Georg-e, b. April 10, 1789, rem. to Upper Canada about 1818, d. there; Elizabeth, b. Jan. 11, 1791 ; Daniel, b. June 2, 1793, rem. to Upper Canada in 18 18; Elisha, b. March 31, 1795 ; Mary,b. April 23, 1797, d. Aug. 30, 1797: Mary, b. Oct. 27, 1798, m., Nov. 5, 18 19, Timothy Varney of Kennebunk, Me. ; Marmaduke, b. Dec. 23, 1800, d. at Centreville, vSt. Joseph county, Mich., March 24, 1870, unm., was a blacksmith and a very genial man; Ruth, b. May 17, 1804, d. in Berlin unm. Stephen S. Sout/nvick, s. of David, m., Oct. 28, 1806, Mary, dau. of Jonathan Wheeler, Jr. ; he settled where the wid. of Reuben A. Wheeler now res. Had Milton, b. July 26, 1807, d. in infancy; Sylvester, b. Jan, 25, 181 1, d. June 29, 18 12; Meriam, b. Oct. 29, 18 1 2, m. Thomas W. Wheeler of Bolton; Pliny, b. Dec. 5, 1 8 14, d. July 18, 18 16; Willard, b. April TOWN OF BERLIN. 499 7, 1817, m., April 5, i860, Sarah C, dau. of Thomas Fry of Bolton, he d. Feb. 22, 1877 ; Daniel, b. June 18, 1819, d. June 29, 1834; Pliny B., b. Sept. 7, 1821; George M., b. June 25, 1824, d. March S, 1846; Stephen H., b. March 9, 1827 ; Jonathan D., b. April 29, 1 83 1, m., Nov. 29, 1855, Jerusha, dau. of Nathaniel King, res. near the homestead of his father, house built by his bro., Stephen H. Pliny B. Sout/nvick, s. of Stephen S., m., Oct. 3, 1850, Mary J., dau. of Leonard and Abigail Hartwell; she d. April 4, 1867; m., 2d, Feb. 24, 1868, Julia E. (Burrill) Smith, dau. of Nathaniel Burrill of Lynn ; she d. Jan. 5, 1885, res., Carterville. Had George Milton, b. Jan. 4, 1857; Lilla Maria, b. May 19, i860, m. Charles D. Eager; Mary Susan, b. Aug. 29, 1866, m. Christopher S. White ; children all b. in Hope- dale. Stephen Hanson Southwick, s. of Stephen S., m. Sophia H. Whitcomb of Bolton; he settled on the place now owned by his bro., Jonathan D. ; built that house. Had Edward E., b. July 7, 1853, m. and res. at Nashua, N. H.; Chester, b. May 26, 1855, m. Hattie Ayers of Clinton. George M. Sout/nvick, s. of Pliny B., m., Jan. 9, 1878, Addie Adelia, dau. of William B. Carter, res., Marl- boro. Had Harry B., b. July 28, 1878; Carl A., b. Nov. 23, 1879, she d. July 26, 1889. Elisha Sonthwick, s. of David, Sr., m. Lydia Houghton, dau. of Abel of Hudson, b. March 20, i8o3;he d. Aug. 13, 1830; she d. Sept. 20, 1852; rem. to Upper Canada ; returned to Berlin and d. 500 HISTORY OF THE there Aug. 13, 1830. Had Earl, b. July 23, 1822; in March, 1837, he changed his name to George Houghton, res., Hudson; Sarah, b. April 28, 1825, d. May 6, 1853, m. Rufus Williams Sept. 20, 1841, one child living; Freeman, b. Dec. 9, 1846; Abel, b. March 4, 1826, d. Aug. 5, 1847. Earl Southwick (George Houghton) m., June 10, 1845, Sophia Morse; she d. Nov. 29, 1857; m., 2d, April 10, 1858, Clarinda Miller; she d. June 9, 1876. Had Sophia E., b. Oct., 1847, d. Aug. 5, 1864. Had by Clarinda, Charles M., b. May 3, i860; Willie A., b. Dec. 10, 1 86 1, d. Dec. 5, 1863; Hattie S., b. May 21, 1864, d. June 28, 1887; Frank S., b. May 13, 1867, d. Feb., 1868; Herbert A., b. .Sept. 8. 1869; Lizzie G., b. .Sept. 4, 1871, d. Oct. 23, 1888; infant, b. June 9, 1876, d. Sept. 23, 1876. The subject of this sketch, though not a resident of this town since his boyhood, is of Berlin stock, and is connected with some of the more influ- ential and respected families here. There can be no question but that he has been an important factor in the growth and development of our neighboring town- of Hudson, hence his name deserves more than a passing notice on these pages. By his enterprise and perseverance he rose from the shoe bench to be one of the larger shoe manufacturers of this vicinity. He was the founder of the large tanning and curr\'- ing establishment there, besides he contributed to the upbuilding of other industries which have made the Hudson of to-day a place of far more importance as a business centre than it would have been but for the labors, push and enterprise of George Houghton. TOWN OF BERLIN. 501 Enoch Southwick, of the fifth generation from Law- rence and cousin of David of Berlin, b. April 4, 1753, m. Mary Sweet 1778; res. while here was where John Collins now lives ; rem. to Richmond, N. H., about 1802, thence rem. to the Holland purchase 181 1. Had Cynthia, b. June 17, 1779. m. John BoUes; Nancy, b. Aug. 18, 1780, m. Hosea Eddy; Betsey, b. Feb. 20, 1782, m. George Harkness; Abigail, b. March 2, 1784; Jesse, b. Dec. 14, 1785 ; Stephen, b. Feb. 2, 1788; Hannah, b. Aug. 29, 1789; Mary, b. Sept. 20, 1 791; Amey, b. July 26, 1 793 ; Elizabeth, b. March 24, 1795 ; Enoch, b. March 12, 1797 ; Hulda, b. July 18, 1799; Watson, b. 1801, d. 18 19. Chester Southivick m. Hattie M. Ayers Nov. 23, 1881. Had Minnie May, b. Dec. i, 1882, d. March 18, 1885. Chester d. Sept. 30, 1884. SPOFFORI). Job and Samuel Spofford, formerly written Spafford, who settled here, were the ancestors of all the family name who have res. in Berlin. They were the sons of Samuel Spofford, who settled in \,\\c north part of Boylston, killed in a clay pit in that town, and he was a descendant of John vSpofford. who settled in Rowley in 1643. Job Spofford, s. of Samuel of Boylston, m., Nov. 21, 1776, Esther, dau. of David Taylor; he settled on the farm now owned by Elisha Bassett ; this place was owned earlier by Samuel Jones, Sr. ; he was in the battle of Bunker Hill and performed other military service during the Revolutionary war; he was deacon of the First Church in Berlin thirty-one 502 HISTORY OF THE years ; built the brick house now on the premises. He d. March 21, 1840, at 87 ; wid. d. May 15, 1849, at 90. Had David, b. Aug. 8, 1777; Betsey, b. Feb. 12, 1779, m. Augustus Bigelow; Sally, b, Aug. i, 1 78 1, m. Uriah Sawyer, res., Ohio; Samuel, b. Aug. 7, 1783, m.. May 24, 1808, Betsey Fosgate, he d. Oct. 7, 1822; his wid. m. Josiah Bride; Job, b. Oct. 17, 1785; Benjamin Franklin, b. June 30, 1789; EvSther, b. Jan. 7, [793. Capt. Samuel Spofford, s. of Samuel of Boylston, m. Eunice, dau. of James Goddard, S. V., Jan. 30, 1785 ; he settled on the Andrew McElwain farm, now owned by his granddau., Mrs. Mary S. Morse. Had James, b. 1785, d. 1790; Sally, b. March 15, 1786, m. Men- dall Fosgate 1803, he d., she m., 2d, John Eager of Northboro; Eunice, b. July 18, 1 791, m. Amos Keyes of Northboro; James R., b. Nov. 2, 1789, d. 1795; Samuel, b. Oct. 30, 1795; Job, b. 1798, d. 1801; Betsey, b. Nov. 3, 1802, m. James Goddard, 3d; Emerson, b. 1804, m., 1825, Mrs. Catherine (Witt) Tenney of Marlboro, she d., he m., 2d, Mary Temple, had one s., Oliver, lived in West Boylston; Emerson d. 1863, his wid. d. 1884. Capt. Samuel Spofford, Jr., s. of the above, m., Dec. 21, 1817, Mary, dau. of Silas Sawyer, Sr., she d. March 21, 18 19, leaving an infant d., ; hem., 2d, Betsey, dau. of John Sawyer of Bolton March 30, 1 82 1, Had James Richardson, b. Sept. 21, 1821 ; Mary Sawyer, b. June 25, 1828. Capt. Samuel retained the homestead and d. there April 9, 1858; wid., Betsey, d. Feb. 26, 1879. Benjamin F. Spofford, s. of Dea. Job Spofford, m. TOWN OF BERLIN. 5^3 Polly, dau. of Dea. Amos Sawyer, June 28, 1821 ; he retained the homestead until 1844; rem. to North- boro. Had Persis, b. . m. Amory Carter, Jr. ; Caroline, b. , d. unm. Nov. 3, 1842, age 18; Benjamin F., Jr.,b. 1828, d. in the late war ; Amanda, b. March 9, 1833, m. John McDonald, res., Califor- nia ; Clarendon, b. 1 83 1, d. 1853, age 21. Wife, Polly, d. April 25, 1845 ; he m., 2d, Lucy Pannenter of Northboro; she d. 1873 ; he d. Sept. 12, 1878. James R. Spofford, s. of Samuel, Jr., m. Olive B., dau. of Israel Woodbury of Bolton, Oct. 16, 1850, res. in west part on the Jesse Jewett place. Had Herbert E., b. Sept. 5, i^S^ m. Mabel Rawson of Hudson April 27, 1876; Walter R., b. April 13, 1853, d. Aug. 5, 1888; Elmer F., b. Jan. 6, 1855, m. Flora, dau. of Henry Holden, res.. Turner's Falls ; Clarence "E., b. Sept. 12, 1858; Flora B., b. March 31, 1862; Philander W., b. Aug. 4, 1864, d. Nov. 4, 1892; Orrin L., b. Dec. 23, 1866, res., New Haven, Conn. James R. d. ^larch 19, 1880; wid., Olive, d. Feb. 26, 1883. Clari'itcc E. Spofford, s. of James R., m. Lizzie J., dau. of Alfred C. Derby, :^Iay 18, 1891 ; res. on the homestead of his father. STARKEY. AHthcmv S. Starkey, s. of Peter of Troy, N. H., m. Martha, dau. of Sewell Bruce, April 7, 1835; res. in west part; farm laborer. Had Charles D., b. July 18, 1838. Wifed. July 7, 1850; he m., 2d, Eliza Starkey of Swanzey, N. H., she d. July 11, 1874 ; he 504 HISTORY OF THE m., 3d, Lynda Taft of Swanzey, N. H.. Sept. 6, 1876, she d. He d. Aug. 13, 1893, at 83. Charles D. Star key, s. of Anthony S., m. Lticinda E., daii. of Curtis Sargent. Had Thirza J., b. Dec. 17, i860, d. March 6, 1861 ; Alice J., b. Dec. 5, 1861 ; he was a soldier in the late war; d. at Newbern, N. C, May 26, 1863. His wid. m. Dana M. Larkin. STAPLES. Joseph Staples, s. of David, b. in Portland, Me., March 10, 18 19, m. Sarah E. Lunt, b. June 26, 1818 ; came to Berlin in 1854; lives near the Centre on the old Boylston road ; was a soldier in the war ; by trade a shoemaker. Had Augustus Milton, b. May 28, 1843, res., Northboro; Charles F., b, June 17, 1847, res., Leominster; Josiah W., b. July 26, 1851, m. Rosa A. Foster May 23, 1869, they had George W., b. Feb. 14, 1870, m. May M. Osgood Dec. 31, 1891. STETSON. Warren I. Stetson, s. of William of Marlboro, b. June 16, 1844, m. Clara T. Richmond, of Nashua, N. H. ; came to Berlin in 1868 ; was a soldier in the late war; was wounded in the battle of Spottsylvania ; by trade a machinist ; foreman in Parker's shoe shop. Had Grace W., b. Aug. 17, 1869; Frederick R. H., b. Jan. 20, 1871 ; Florence E., b. May 21. 1878; Blanche M., b. June 26, 1879; Roy A., b. June 16, 1884, d. Feb. 10, 1886. He d. March 19, 1887; familv rem. to Worcester in 1 892. I TOWN OF BERLIN. 505 STONE. Isaac S. Stone, s. of Isaac of Boylston, m. Martha A. Farmer, dau. of Jesse of Chelmsford, res. in east part at Stone's Corner, and by her had Homer E., b. June 20, 1843, was a rare mechanic and draughtsman, was a soldier in the late war, d. July 24, 1864; Mar>^ Ann, b. Oct. 5, 1844, m. John L. Bruce; Isaac, b. vSept. 20, 1846, d. young; Henry A., b. May 24, 1850. Wife, Martha, d. May 4, 1855; he m., 2d, Mary A. Farmer in 1856; she d. June 29, 1871, at 68 jx^. ; he d. March 25, 1883, at 76. Henry A. Stone, s. of Isaac vS. of Berlin, m. Ruth E., dau. of Tyler Paine; he is a machinist; res., Stone's Corner. Had Olive A., b. Jan. 13, 1877. Wife, Ruth, d. March 4, 1883 ; he m., 2d, Hattie L. Coolidge Oct. 13, 1883. Had by Hattie L., Homer L., b. Sept. 23, 1884. STR.\TTO\. Samuel Stratton, b. in Rindge, N. H., 1840, went to Grafton, Mass., 1848; has lived there most of the time since; m. Lticinda, dau. of Horace Bigelow, 1859; they came to BerHn in 1892 and occupy her father's place near the Centre ; have seven children now living. Joseph Stratton, s. of Lorenzo of Hudson, b. April 22,1842. m. Sarah A. (Babcock) Shattuck, dau. of Albert Babcock and wid. of George Marshall Shat- tuck, June 8, 1875; lived on her father's place in Carterville; rem. to Hudson in 1894. Had Albert L., b. June 20, 1882; Mary G., b. June 25, i 5o6 HISTORY OF THE SWEET. Stephen Sweet (or Swett) was one of the early set- tlers ; came to town with David Southwick, who m. his dau., Elizabeth. Had Mary, who m. Enoch Southwick ; he and David lived together on the place first settled by Francis McFadin, now owned by Paul A. Randall; he was a member of the Friends' Society ; no other record. TAFT. Walter A. Taft, s. of Millens Taft of Uxbridge, res. on Wheeler hill with his mother, Mrs. Reuben A. Wheeler, came to Berlin in 1891 ; m. Esther Clarkson May i, 1884. Had Ada F., b. April 5, 1885 ; Millens W., b. Nov. 17, 1887. Henry A. Taft, from Uxbridge, m. Elizabeth F. Wheeler, wid. of Elisha T. Wheeler; lived on the Elisha T. Wheeler place ; returned to Uxbridge and there d. ; his wid. res. in town with her dau., Grace. TAYLOR. David Taylor, s. of Eleazer of Marlboro and great grands, of William Taylor, m., April 8, 1746, Hasa- diah Wheeler of Marlboro ; he lived on the Job Spofford farm, now Elisha Bassett's. The Hapgoods, into which the father of David m., were nearer Hudson. Wife d. 1754; no child; m., 2d, 1756, Esther Jones of Marlboro ; her father, Samuel, lived on our Elisha Bassett place at that time. Had Hannah, b. 1760, d, 1823; Lucy, b. 1762. He d, here Aug. 30, 1795, at 72 ; Esther, wid., d. June 10, 1801, at 74. TOWN OF BERLIN. 5<*7 Arad Taylor, s. of Luke Taylor of AVaterloo, Canada East, b. Oct. 16, 1842, m. Laura Ella, dau. of Capt. John D. Merrill, Oct. 22, 1870; res. on Wheeler hill the place before owned and occupied by wife's parents. Had John E., b. July 13, 1871 •< Melissa J., b. May 19, 1878; May Winnifred, b. Dec. 11, 1885. The most tragic and sorrowful event that ever took place in this town occurred on the morning of the eleventh day of September, 1895. Arad Taylor, in a fit of passion or insanity, killed his wife by repeated blows with an axe on her head. The incit- ing and immediate cause of this horrid murder may no't be known until after a legal investigation of the case. He is now in Worcester jail awaiting the action of the grand jury. For twenty-five years or more he has been largely eagaged in cutting off lots of wood and lumber in this and other towns near by. JohuE. Tavlor, s. of Arad, m., March 24, 1893, Laura A., dau. of Robert B. Wheeler; did live at his father's place on Wheeler hill ; is a railroad employee. TEMPLE. John Temple was an early settler on Wheeler hill, north of James Brewer's, 1788. Isaac Temple, from Boylston, was living on the Edward Flagg place in 1831, d. here Oct. 6, 1831, at 39; wid., Lucy, d. Jan. 26, 1834, at 37. TENNEY. The name of Tenney is much mixed up with our Joneses : they seem to have led our emigration to Marlboro and Jaffrey, N. H. From the history of 5o8 HISTORY OF THE the latter town we learn that Thomas Tenney, b. in Rowley, Eng., 1614, came over in 1638 with wife, Ann. They had John, b. 1640; John had Samuel, b. 1667; Samuel had Samuel, b. 1697, m., 1720, and settled in Littleton in 1727, d. in i 'j'j'j ; William, s. of vSamuel, 2d, b. in Littleton in 1749, m. Mehitable, dau. of our Samuel Jones, 2d, 1772 ; Jonathan, s. of William and Mehitable, m., 1803, Betsey, dau. of Samuel Jones, 4th. rem. to Landsgrove, Vt., where they had Lyman, b. 1804; Archie Tenney, bro of Jonathan, m., 1809, Susanna, sister to Betsey, rem. to Keene; their s., William, still resident. The William Tenney who d. here in 1867, aged 95 yrs. 7 inos. 6 days, b., there- fore, in 1772, was doubtless s. of William and Mehitable, by Bolton records was b. Oct. 15, 1771 ; William Henry Tenney, m. in Berlin Dec. 16, 1883, to Sarah F. Grant of vSomerville, is recorded as s. of William and Betsey, and b. in Marlboro, N. H., 1837; Betsey, a dau. of Silas Fife, b, in Marlboro, N. H., 1775, m. a William Tenney, perhaps a grands, of Betsey Fife; Jonathan and Betsey had, b. 1804, Lyman ; wife of Samuel Gage on the Newsome place was dau. of William Tenney, Sr., and b. on our Timothy Jones place; William Tenney, Jr., m. a dau. of Robert Fife, who also pitched his cabin in Monadnock No. 5, which developed into Marlboro and Troy, N. H.; .she d. and he m., 2d, Betsey (Tenney) Lewis, mother of Mrs. Henry Bigelow. THOMPSON. Dr. John L. S. Thompson in. Mary, dau. of Rev. William Nash of West Boylston; was here i830-'40 ; TOWN OF BERLIN. 509 rem. to Bolton, thence to Lancaster; had extensive practice; d. in Lancaster in 1885 ; was a pupil of Dr. Carter. TISDALE. James Tisdalc, from Clinton, m. Jane E. — ■■ ; she d. Aug. 11, 1863, at 76; he lived in West Berlin on the place now of George H. Felton; rem. to Clinton. TOWNSEND. James Toiunsemi, or James, Jr., m. Hannah, dau. of Amos Meriam ; was first settler on a place north of Francis Babcock's; sold to Jotham Maynard, Jr., 1783; buildings gone long ago. TURNER. Joseph Turner, from Newton, b. Oct. 14, 1834, s. of Robert, m. Harriet M., dau. of Samuel Stone, March 2, 1863 ; came to Berlin in 1867; res. on the Daniel Williams place, first settled by William Babcock. Had Carrie S., b. Feb. 17, 1865. TVI.ER. The Tylers of this town are descendants of Moses Tyler, b. in Attleboro 1750, emigrated to Richmond, N. H., 1775 ; he had a s., Moses, who occupied the paternal homestead and his oldest s., Danford, settled in Warwick, Mass., and was the father of James D. and ^I. Reed Tyler of BerUn. James D. Tyler, b. June 15, 1848, m. Anna S., dau. of Elisha Bassett; he res. with his father-in-law on 5IO HISTORY OF THE the old Job Spofford farm; is a justice of the peace and was selectman i887-'88. Had Emily Grace, b. Dec. 23, 1889; Danford Bassett, b. Aug. 23, 1893. Moses Reed Tyler, b. June 19, 1850, m. Catherine, dau. of Edward Mayo of Warwick, now of North- boro; res. on the Dea. Oliver Sawyer farm, lately owned by Madam Rudersdoff and known as "Lake- side;" he and his bro., James D., built in 1885 the house now on the premises on the site of the old one burned in 1882; the surroundings of the place are attractive; the house is large and commodious, and designed especially for the accommodation of summer boarders. George IV. Tyler, b. April 10, 1857, s. of David Tyler, bro. of Danford of Warwick; George W. set- tled on the old Parks farm in 1883; m. Mrs. Lilla (Sibley) Wilton of Lawrence. Had David S., b. Sept. 29. 1889; Marion wS.,b. May 20, 1891 ; Charlotte S., b. March 10, 1893, d. young. UPHAM. Otis K. Uphain, s. of Willard, b. in Royalston Sept. 17, 1843, m. Mary Ellen, dau. of Rufus Howe, Oct. 18, 1866; moved here from Ashburnham in 1881, res., house next north of Silas R. Carter ; is section foreman on the Old Colony R. R. Had Lena E., b. Nov. 23, 1867, d. Feb. 13, 1885 ; Edgar O., b. Jan. 6, 1870, d. Dec. 14, 1870; Etta E., b. April 22, 1872; Ida May, b. June 9, 1874, d. Sept. 10, 1874; Gracieiib. Aug. 25, 1877; Nettie L., b. Aug. 19, i88i,,^[^)ct. 17, 1 881; Dexter L., b. Aug. ^4, 1883, d. Oct. ^, 1883. Wife d. Feb. 13, i: {' >> ^■ \5^.« MKS. K. 11. WIII'.tI.EK. WM. \V. WIIEELEK. KOBT. B. WMEELER. MR'S. SAM'L II. WIIEELEK. mks. e. whitney. mks. w.vi. w. wiieei.er. elisiia whitney. nath'i, wiikei.ek. MKS. H. II. WIIEELEK. SAM'L II. WHEELER. RllLS K. WHEELER. MKS. R. K. WHEELER. ^■.^.^t;o/*C.. TOWN OF BERUN. 51I VINALS. Charles T. Jlnals, from Scituate, Pa., m. Mary E., dau. of Asa Carter; shoemaker; res., Hudson. Had Arthur L., b. March 3, 1857. WALCOTT, David K. Walcott, b. Dec. 15, 1837, s. of Temple of Bolton, m. Persis B., dau. of George Cutting; came to Berlin in 1 890 ; he was living on the Dakin place in 1894; he formerly owned the McPherson farm. Had Chester D., b. Aug. 20, 1879; Clifton H., b. Feb. 26, 1882. Rev. Robert Folger Walcott, b. in Nantucket; ordained here Feb. 10, 1830; m. Mary Ann Powers of Boston Sept., 1832, by whom he had Mary Ray, b. Sept. 17, 1833 ; dismissed from pastorate Nov., 1833 ; his later years were on The Liberator, published by William Lloyd Garrison. He d. in Boston in 1882. WALKER. Benjamin S. Walker, s. of Abiel and Hannah (Smith) Walker of Loudon, N. H., b. July 25, 1844, was in the naval service in the late war; m., Dec. 23, 1889, Flora J., adopted dau. of Daniel H. Carter; he lives with Mr. Carter and is section foreman on the Mass. Central R. R. WALLIS. John Wallis, b. in Exeter, N. H., m. Susan Parker of Reading; came here in 1836; lived on the Bow- man place. Had Benjamin, res., Waltham; John, 512 HISTORY OF THE graduate of Amherst College, settled in Bolton, was representative to the General Court ; Jonas P., res., Sudbury; William, graduate of Dartmouth College, d, here March i, 1842; Mary Jane, d. here July 22, 1848, at 26 yrs. ; Sereno, d. in Mexico. He d. here Jan. 29, 1865, at 82; wife d. July 22, 1856. The family were of English descent and of Puritan stock. WALTER. John E. Walter, s. of Theodore Walter, b. in New Jersey Sept. 17, 1863, m. Grace D. Crooker of Ded- ham ; he is partner with Henry E. Lasselle in the store at South Berlin. Had E. Thornton, b. May 27, 1889; Faustina, b. Aug. 30, 1891. WIIKELER. It appears from legal documents in possession of the family and authentic papers furnished by Henry M. Wheeler of Worcester, who has spent much time in tracing the Wheeler genealogy in New England, that Jonathan'' Wheeler was the first one of the Wheeler name who settled in Berlin. He was b. in Lancaster July 3, 1720, s. of Jonathan and Mary. Jonathan' was the s. of Obadiah, Jr., b. in Concord 165 I. He was the fifth child of Obadiah, who set- tled in Concord 1638, b. in England 1608, d. in Concord Oct. 29, 1671, the first settler of the name in New England. Jonaihati Wheeler, above mentioned, m. in Swan- sea, Mass., May 9, 175 i, Thankful, dau. of Abraham and Mehitable Baker ; a few years later he purchased the farm where Charles A. Otterson now lives; in TOWN OF BERLIN. 513 the deed he is called a glazier, and for some years of his life we are told he was engaged in brick making in addition to the cultivation of his farm. His children were: Jonathan, b. April 6, 1752 ; Mary, b. Aug. 5, 1754, m., 1778, Thomas Watson, d. Jan. i, 1807; vStephen, b. March, 1756; Peregrine, b. July 4, 1759 ; Dinah, b. June 10, 1761, m. William Aldrich of Uxbridge May 7, 1789, d. Feb. 8, 1839; Thankful, b. Aug. 7, 1764, m. her cousin, Jonathan Baker of Swansea; Levi, b. April 29, 1768. Jonathan d. Aug. 10, 1791 ; his wife. Thankful, d. Aug. 25, 1779. Joiiat/ian Whcclcr.Jr., s. of Jonathan, Sr., m. ]\Iary Buffum of vSmithfield, R. I., 1775; he settled on AVheeler hill on the place formerly owned by Jona- than F. Wheeler ; the old house was demolished in 1859; another was built, but that and the barn went up in smoke about ten years ago. Had Daniel, b. Nov. I, 1776; Elizabeth, b. June i, 1779, m. Josiah Babcock of Bolton (came from Fitchburg) ; Ruth, b. Oct. 4, 1780, m. Gideon Mowry of Uxbridge; Hannah, b. Dec. 2, 1782, d. unm. ; Mary, b. P'eb. i, 1785, m. Stephen S. Southwick ; Jonathan, b. May 13, 1787, m. Phebe Kimmins, res., Bolton; she d. at David B. Wheeler's in Berlin 1867. He d. ; wid. m. David Brayton. Stephen Wheeler, s. of Jonathan, Sr., m. JMeriam, dau. of Benjamin Baker; she d. and he m., 2d, Amity Brown Nov. i, 1798; he settled on the place now owned by ^Mrs. George Farwell; the records of the family are scanty. Had by his wife, IMeriam, Benjamin, b. Nov. 27, 1780, d. young; Jonathan, b. Feb. 16, 1783, d. young; Stephen, b. Feb. 15, 1785, 5 14 HISTORY OF THE d. in Keene, N. H. ; Meriam, b. July 22, 1787, d. unm. ; Joseph, b. Dec. 22, 1794, m. Betsey Prime, res. in Winchester and Keene, N. H. Had by Amity, Mary, b. Dec. 3, 1799, d. in 1826; Jesse, b. Jan. 31, 1802; Jarvis, b. March 16, 1805; Elizabeth, b. Jan. 15, 1807; Jonathan, b. Aug. 10, 18 10, settled in Bolton. He d. Feb. 4, 1827 ; his wife. Amity, d. Oct. 5, 1850. Peregrine Wheeler, s. of Jonathan, m. vSarah, dau. of Stanton Carter; he settled on a farm adjoining his father's, where Elias L. Wheeler now lives, but finally rem. to Richmond, N. H., 1801. Had Thank- ful, b. here 1800, d. here, had after removal, Levi, b. 1802. She d. about 1803 ; he d. 1824. Levi Wlieeler, s. of Jonathan, Sr., b. April 29, 1768, m. Mary, dau. of Stanton Carter, April 12, 1792; she d. June I, 1813; he m., 2d, Olive Colburn of Wilton, N. H., July 2, 1 8 14; he spent his life on the farm inherited from his father, since owned by his sons, Samuel H..and Elisha T. ; the house stood on the spot where Mr. Otterson now resides ; was a thrifty farmer, and often went to Boston market with the products of his farm. Had by his wife, Mary, Amos b. Dec. 27, 1792; Lucy, b. Feb. 22, 1794, d. Nov. 30 1794; Peregrine, b. Oct. 10, 1796; Mary, b. Aug. 12 1798, d. Nov. 21, 1850; Rhoda, b. Ma}^ 26, 1800, ra John Timson of Northboro, d. April 7, 1877 ; Levi, b March 20, 1803 ; Lucy, b. April 21, 1806, m. Charles Snow; Sarah, b. Sept. 16, 1809, m. Frederick D Killam. By wife, Olive, had Samuel H., b. Dec. 22 181 5 ; Elisha T., b. Dec. 6, 1817; Jonathan, b. Feb 22, 1820; Lois, b. Nov. 2, 1822, m. William Holder TOWN OF BERLIN. 5 t 5 George C, b. Nov. 5, 1826; Olive C, b. April 4, 1829, m. Elijah C. Shattuck. He d. Feb. 27, 1835 ; his wife, Olive, d. Nov. 25, 1875, age 89. Daniel Wheeler, s. of Jonathan, Jr., m. Abigail, dau. of John Fry of Bolton; he occupied the home- stead of his father on Wheeler hill. Had John, b. June 17, 1803 ; Elizabeth, b. June 9, 1806, d. young; Mary, b. Feb. 22, 1809, d. ; vSabra, b. Nov. 8, 181 1, m. William W. Wheeler; Merriam, b. -, d. 1828; Daniel, Jr., b. ' June i, 18 14, d. ; Jonathan Fry, b. Nov. 8, 181 5 ; Melissa, b. June 20, 18 19, m. Jonathan Wheeler, s. of Levi, m., 2d, Capt. John D. Merrill; Alpheus, b. April 8, 1822; Abby E., b. Sept. 9, 1826, m. Joseph Merrill, m., 2d, James B. Hartley. He d. Jan. 17, 1853, at 76 yrs. ; wid., Abigail, d. May 24, 1875, at 92 yrs. 4 mos. 18 days. Jolui Wheeler, s. of Daniel, m. Betsey Jones of Leominster Oct. 12, 1829; he settled on Wheeler hill on a part of the homestead of his father and built a house on the same; the place is now owned by Thomas C. Berry. Had DeUtia A., b. July 12, 1828, m. Abraham G. Bigelow of Princeton Nov. 27, 1850; Amasa Gilbert J., b. Oct. 6, 1830, d. 1839; L. Mar- shall, b. June 10, 1833, m. Harriet F. Fitch of Sterling, res., Fitchburg; Carrie E., b. Sept. 29. 1835, m. Elliot Ball Sept. 20, 1855, res.. Boston; Abby F., b. June 7, 1838, m. Andrew Fitch of Sterling, d. Mar. 21, 1893; Oriana E., b. Dec. 17, 1844, m. Wyman C. Fickett, a high school teacher, graduate of Tufts College and superintendent of schools in Spencer ; Amanda M., b. Feb. 2, 1847, m. George A. Ellis, res., Leominster; Mary L., b. Jan. 29, 1840, d. Feb. 25, 5l6 HISTORY OF THE 1844; Dennis E., b. Feb. 28, 185 1, m. Mary Dilly Carter, dan. of Oliver Carter, April 22, 1875, res., Leominster; Albert B., b. May 5, 1843, ^- Feb. 28, 1844. He d. June 13, 1856; wid., Betsey, d. Feb. 7, 1872. Jcviathaji F. Wheeler, s. of Daniel, m. Jemima, dau. of Capt. John D. Merrill, Nov. 6, 185 i ; he remained on his father's old place until he rem. to Marlboro about twenty years a^o ; res. now Chelsea ; Sherman Wheeler now owns the place ; the buildings were burned some years ago. Had Marilla Evora, b. Aug. 28, 1852, d. young; Josephine, b. 1854, d. Dec. 12, 1855; Cora M., b. June 18, 1855, m. John Cole of Marlboro; Emma A., b. April 11, 1857, m. Felix Blanchard; Floretta A., b. Feb. 10, 1859, ^- Wm. H. Reeley; Eva Lunette, b. Dec. i, 1861, m. Charles W. Parker. Joseph Wheeler, s. of Stephen, who emigrated to New Hampshire and d. in Keene, had two sons, Oliver P. and Nathaniel, wdio returned to town, hence their families are upon our records. Had others, res. elsewhere. Jesse Wheehr, s. of Stephen, m. ALary Aldrich of Smithlield, R. L; he lived on the farm now owned by Joseph J. Randall, formerly known as the "Priest place." Had Thomas A., b. Jan. 10, 1825, m. Susan C. Randall, she d. Aug. 4, 1866, m., 2d, Hannah Kelly of Worcester, he lives in Bolton on the James Fry place; had by Susan, Alice M. and Abbott R., — by Hannah had Jesse A. and Ellwood O. ; Joanna H., b. vSept. 27, 1826, m. Josiah C. Babcock, m., 2d, Amos Kimmins of Bolton; vSusan E., b. Jan. 16, 1828, TOWN OF BERLIN'. 5 I J m. Amos Wheeler, Jr., she lives in Bolton; Jesse B., b. June 30, 1829, m. Martha Sykes, m., 2d, Dorcas Aldrich of Uxbridg-e, he lived on the Thomas Fry place in Bolton and was representative to the Gen- eral Court at the time of his death, May 24, 1886; had Arthur Y., Walter J. (d. voung). Homer J., by wife Martha; Stephen L., b. Aug. 18, 1832, d. in in- fancy. He d. Aug. 9, 1838; wid., Mary, m., 2d, Jos. Randall of Bolton, and d. Jan. -18, 1S91. Wid., Dor- cas, m., 2d, Henr}' Babcock. Jarvis Whcclcr, s. of Stephen, m. ]Mary B., dau. of Josiah Babcock of Bolton, Sept. 29, 1830; he remained on the old homestead now owned by Mrs. George Farwell. Had no children, but made a home for several orphans. He d. Feb. 1 1, 1868 ; after his death his wid. moved to Carterville and lived in the house now owned by Mrs. Longley, where she d. Sept. 29, 1889. Oliver P. Whcchr, b. March 5, 1822, s. of Joseph, m. Phileann, which was changed to Harriet, dau. of Amory Faulkner of Bolton, Oct. 28, 1842; shed. March 6, 1878, aged 53 yrs. ; he m., 2d, Sarah, dau. of William Bartlett of Berlin, July 29, 1879. Oliver lived in Bolton and Shrewsbury a few years after his marriage; in 1856 he moved on to the place now owned by Robert Newsome ; he remained here until about 1870, when he rem. to the place where he now lives in Hudson ; he and his oldest s., Solon, went to the war, and their names will appear in our list of soldiers. Had by Harriet, Solon, b. Nov. 14, 1843, res., Bolton; Susan, b. Nov. 29, 1845, "^- Albert Peterson April 8, 1857, who became insane, she has 5l8 HISIORY OF THE had two husbands since, now lives in Worcester; Simon, b. April ii, 1848; Charles, b. vSept. 6, 1851, m. and res. in Westboro ; Christopher, b. May 28, 1853; Edward, b. Sept. 3, 1856; Harriet Ella. b. Jiily 29, 1859, m. and d. in Worcester; Milton E., b. Feb. 25, 1862, d. Oct. 9, 1878; Leslie E., b. Feb. 9, 1867. Had by Sarah M., Sylvia E., b. Nov. 23, 1880. Solon Wheeler, s. of Oliver P., m. Augusta Dunn of Sullivan, N. H.; they parted; he m., 2d, Abbie Jane Heath of Stoddard, N. H. ; she d.; he m., 3d, wid. Mary Sheffler March 24, 1890. Had by Abbie Jane, Lewis S., Nathaniel P., George L, Clifford O., Ellen A., Su.sannah A.; by Mary had Mabel R. Present res., Bolton; about 1870 he lived in town ; built a house, now gone, near where his father formerly lived — the Ncwsome place. He was a soldier in the late war. Simon Wheeler, s. of Oliver P., m. Nancy A. Bliss, sister to Christopher Wheeler's wife, and by her had Arthur, d.; Austin; Charles; Milan, d.; Eva, adopted by John L. Day; Elmer, d.; Edward. vSimon and Nancy parted ; he m., 2d, Emma Seaver. Present res., Hudson ; has lived mostl}' in Westboro, but settled in Berlin after first marriage, and iDuilt a small house of short duration on the straight road near the O. C. depot. ChristopJier Wheeler, s. of Oliver P., m., March 14, 1869, Mary J. Bliss of Gilsum, N. H. ; he lives on the Timothy Jones place on the Northboro road. Had Lester C, b. Aug. 27, 1874; Clarence, b. Oct. 14, 1875; Mabel E., b. Dec. 6, 1877, m. Leonard vSasse- TOWX OF BERLIN. SI9 field; Effie L., b. Aug. 28, 1880, d. yonng; Mary L., b. Dec. 28, 1884; Eva I., b. Nov. 24, 1885. Edward W/urlcr, s. of Oliver P., b. Aug. 7, 1861, m., Oct. 14, 1886, Annie A. Lewis, dau. of Joel Wheeler, s. of David; res., Carterville. Had Charles E., b. June 2, 1894; George iSI., b. Dec. i, 1887; Nellie M., b. June 2, 1890. Lcs/k W/urlcr, s. of Oliver P., m. Jennie F. Bow- man of Westboro; res., South Berlin. Had Grace B., b. Dec. 15, 1890, d. young. Nathaniel Wlurlcr, s. of Joseph, b. Sept. 20, 1826, in Keene, N. H., m., Aprils, 1853, AlminaN. Stone, dau. of Walter H. Stone of Framingham ; he settled on the farm formerly owned by Amory Sawyer, in the southeast part of the town, in 1855. Had Elvin C. b. Jan. 3, 1854, a machinist, and is m. and lives in Marshalltown, Iowa; Emily B., b. Nov. 11, 1857, m. Ossian D. Wheeler and lives in Marlboro, has two children; Ernest M., b. July 30, 1866, d. Nov. 6, 1873. Amos W/urlcr, s. of Levi, m. Lydia, dau. of Reuben Randall of Richmond, N. H. ; he settled first on the place now owned by Elias L. Wheeler, thence rem. to the farm where his s., Robert B., now lives ; finally lived in Carterville in the house now of Mrs. Longley; wife, Lydia, d. March 3, 1843; he m., 2d, Ann (t. Carter, wid. of Leonard. He d. Oct. 6, 1867, at 74; wid., Ann G., d. Sept. 29, 1874. Had by wufe, Lydia, Julia Ann, b. July, 18 17, m. Hosea Smith of Leominster; Sarah R., b. Nov. 15, 1818, m. George F. Wheeler; Amos, b. March 3, 1822; Reuben A., b. March 21, 1823; Moses B., b. April 21, 1825, d. 520 HISTORY OK THE 1826; Rufus R., b. March 21, 1827; Levi, b. April 5, 1829; Oliver S., b. Feb. 4, 1831; infant, d. 1833; Robert B. and Richard M., twins, b. March 19, 1835. Amos W/u'clcr,Jr., m. Susan, dau. of Jesse Wheeler, Sept. 2, 1848; he first settled in Bolton, then rem. to Marlboro. Had Alvin A., b. April 16, 1850 ; Ade- laide E., b. April 2, 1853, m. Arthur V. Wheeler; Jerome H., b. Feb. 28, 1855, res., Worcester; S3'lvia R., b. Feb. 20, i860, d. March 11, 1882; Lilla G., b. June 16, 1864, d. July 21, 1885; Susan M., b. Feb. 8, 1865, res. with her mother. He d. July 9, 1871 ; wid., Susan, lives in Bolton. Rciihcn A. Wlicclcr, s. of Amos, Sr., m. Jane F. Kimmins of Bolton; she d. vSept. 3, 1873, at 48 yrs., and he m., 2d, Jan. 29, 1875, Sarah Jane, dau. of Richard Battey of Smithfield, and wid. of Millens A. Taft of Blackstone ; he settled on the Priest place, now owned by Joseph J. Randall; rem. to vSmithfield in 1883; returned and bought the Stephen vSouth- wick farm in 1884; he built the house and barn of each of these places ; had no children. He d. Sept. 14, 1891. Riifns R. W heeler, s. of Amos, vSr., ni. Lucy , dau. of Jonas Temple Walcott of Bolton ; he settled on the old Timothy Bailey place in the southwest part of the town ; present res., the Bowman place. Had Rosanna C, b. March 13, 1857, m. Charles W. Hol- brook, she d. May 3, 1882; Mary L., b. Jan. 13,1 860, m. Charles F. Walcott; Walter Amos, b. Feb. 22, 1862; Wilbur T., b. Jan. 8, 1865, d. May 20, 1867; Lester R., b. Aug. 15, 1867, m. Eva E. Bryant, dau. of Edward S., res. in Sullivan, N. H. TOWN OF BERLIN. 5 21 Levi Wheeler, s. of Amos, Sr., m., April 6, 1854, Jane M. Haynes, dan. of Samuel Haynes of Bolton; he lived in Bolton with his father-in-law. Had Orice L., b. Feb. 25, 1855; Samuel H., b. March 4, 1861 ; Jane M., b. July 9, 1872. He d. April 10, 1886. Oliver S. Wheeler, s. of Amos, Sr., m., August 10, 1862, Hannah Blodgett of New Hampshire; she d. Jan. 15, 1875; m., 2d, Lydia M. Newcomb of Nova vScotia Sept. 11, 1875; he settled on a farm in the east part of Marlboro, where he still res. Had by wife, Hannah, Louisa J., b. Aug. 29, 1864; Barrett R., b. Oct. 6, 1866; Gracie R., b. May 11, 1870, m. Chester Howe of Marlboro; Joseph C, b. June 10, 1872; Benjamin N., b. May 21, 1876. By wife, Lydia, had Clinton O., b. Dec. 16, 1877, d. July 16, 1892; Hiram E., b. Oct. 23, 1884, d. Jan. 23, 1885; Percy E., b. Nov. 7, 1886. Robert B. Wheeler, s. of Amos, Sr., m. Nancy ]\L, dau. of Thomas W. Wheeler of Bolton ; he inherited the homestead of his father on Wheeler hill and lives there still ; has served on the Board of Select- men a great number of years. Had Miranda L., b. Dec. 2, i860, d. Nov. 28, 1864; Alice S., b. Nov. 8, 1863, m. George Dow of Bolton ; Gilbert H., b. Sept. 13, 1866, m. Ida G. Burham Oct. 31, 1889, res., Bolton; Bertha M., b. Oct. 28, 1869, m., Sept. 17, 1890, Walter Cole of Bolton; Laura A., b. Nov. 9, 1873, m. John E. Taylor; Amos Chester, b. Jan. 25, 1886. Wife, Nancy, d. July 16, 1890; m., 2d, Marion Jeffrey Oct. 18, 1893. Richard M. Wheeler, s. of Amos, Sr., m. Frances 5 22 HISTORY OF THE A., dau. of Ebenezer vS. Sawtell, July 3, 1862; he settled on the farm formerly owned by William Bab- cock, and earlier by Amos Meriam. Had Richard M., b. June 20, 1863, d. Feb. 27, 1867: Hattie L., b. Jan. 4, 1866, d. March i, 1867; Orrin M., b. Feb. 15, 1868; Charles C, b. March 30, 1871 ; Arthur B., b, Oct. 14, 1872; Willis E., b. Dec. 3, 1874; Amy F., b. Nov. 27, 1877; Ralph E., b. Nov. 25, 1880; Chester L., b. July 10, 1883. Richard M. d. March 1 1, 1895. Wa/tn- A. W heeler, s. of Rufus R., m., May 3, 1886, Ella L., dau. of Alanson Howe; lives in South Berlin. Had Emily C, b. June 3, 1887; Otis C, b. Aug. 31, 1888; Freeman W., b. Oct. 28, 1891. Peregrine Wheeler, 2d, s. of Levi, vSr., m. Rhoda, dau. of Reuben Randall of Richmond, N. H. She was b. June 12, 1798 ; he settled on the place now owned by his s., Willard M. Wheeler; he built a mill on the Gates pond brook, back of Elias L. Wheeler's, for the purpose of making shingles, etc. ; he d. June 4, i860; she d. April 7, 1877. Had Hannah Maria, b. April 3, 1823, m. Joshua Clough and rem. to Maine, where she d. in Oct., 1888; Willard M., b. Feb. 5, 1825; Joel L., b. May 14, 1827. Willard M. Wheeler, s. of Peregrine, 2d, m. Caroline F., dau. of Luke Fosgate, Sept. 18, 1849; he settled in the south part ; built the house where Daniel Cartwright lived ; rem. to Upton ; returned and bought the mills at the south part; then rem. to North Grafton and went from there to Canaan, N. H. ; returned finally to his father's old home, where he now res. ; has since been engaged in the mill TOWN OF BERLIN. 523 business with his s., Edmund W. ; he is a carpenter, millwright and an inventor of water-wheels. Had Ida C, b. Oct. 20, 1857, iTi- Frank W. Forehand of Croydon, N. H., Nov. 3, 1884, res. in Bolton; Edmund W., b. Oct. 20, 1854; Mary G., b. Jan. 3, 1867, d. Dec. 7, 1873. Joel L. Whcclcr, s. of Peregrine, 2d, m. Elizabeth B. Babcock Oct. 24, 1 849, dau. of Ephraim, Jr. ; he built the house where Leslie Wheeler now lives, in the south part; lived awhile in Upton and then returned to his father's house, where he d. Aug. 9, 1857, and was the first buried in the South cemetery; Had Edgar L., b. Dec. 7, 1852, d. in Marlboro; Willis and Wilbur, twins, b. 1855. His wid. m., 2d, Ebenezer Daily. Edmund W. Whcelci', s. of Willard M., m. Olivia A., dau. of Alanson Howe, June 30, 1879; lives in South Berlin; owns the mills. Had Alice C, b. Jan. 7, 1 88 1 ; Sidney W., b. April 11, 1887; Herman H., b. June 20, 1894. Levi Wheeler, Jr., s. of Levi, m. Betsey, dau. of (jideon Bliss ; he suffered a severe accident in eaily manhood, a tree falling upon his head, crushing the skull ; it was successfully trepanned by Dr. Calvin Carter of Lancaster, and he lived several years after, though suft'ering somewhat from the effects of the injury during his life; he d. Sept. 26, 1840. Had Mary C, b. April 28, 1824, d. 1826; Mary C, b. Nov. 28, 1827, m. Samuel Howe of Marlboro Nov. 28, 1849 ; Catherine, b. Dec. 28, 1829, d. 1831; Erastus S., b. Dec. 15, 1832, is a botanist and is living in Berlin; Levi, d. an infant; Elias L., b. Feb. 23,. 524 HIS'n)RY OK THE 1835; Lewis B., b. Nov. 26, 1837. Betsey, his wid., d. Dec. 28, 1 88 1. Elias L. Wlicclcr, s. of Levi, Jr., m., Feb. 17, 1880, Sarah A., dan. of Josiah Sawyer; he lives on the place first settled by David Howe; has built a new hoiise and barn; is largely engaged in raising fruit and vegetables. Had Myron vS., b. Feb. 7, 1881 ; Lucy M., b. Aug. 13, 1882. Lcivis B. Whcclcj-, s. of Levi, Jr., m. Annie L., dau. of Eber Howe of Marlboro, June 6, 1872; he settled on his father's place ; has built an elegant two- story house ; is largely engaged in fruit raising and gives special attention to poultry. Had Waldo L., b. June 3, 1873. Samuel H. Wheeler, s. of Levi, Sr., m. Sarah, dau. of Joseph Holder, Ma}^ 29, 1839; he settled on a part of the homestead of his father ; erected new buildings thereon ; was on the Board of Assessors for some years. Had Luc}^, b. Feb. 13, 1840, m. Amasa A. Whitcomb ; Martha, b. Jan. 20, 1842, m. Onslow E. Chase, res. in Hudson, vshe d. Feb. i , 1 893 ; Levi, b. May 5, 1845, d: Dec. 22, 1852; Mary Greene, b. May 25, 1847, m. Lewis L Hapgood, res., Marlboro; Samuel, b. Nov. 3, 185 1 ; Levi, b. vSept. 5, 1854, d. Nov. 29, 1864; Henry A., b. March 31, 1857 : Joseph A., b. April 19, 1859, d. Jan. 3, 1865. Wife, wSarah, d. April 6, 1879; he d. Oct. 21, 1894. Samuel Wheeler, s. of vSamuel H., m. Emil}', dau. of William Bruce of Hudson, Aug. 15, 1871 ; he built a new house and barn near the residence of his father ; is extensively engaged in market gardening ; has w CO D O CO 'ix UJ UJ w HENRY A. WHEELER. TOWN OF BERLIN. 525 several greenhouses ; has been on the Board of Selectmen several years. Had Cora E., b. ]vlarch 14, 1872, m. Arthur L. Brewer; Herbert L., b. Oct. 18, 1875; Edwin E., b. Sept. 13, 1877; Marion G., b. Dec. 21, 1885 ; Bernice A., b. Oct. 2, 1894. Hoiry A. W heeler, s. of vSamuel H., m. Nellie F. Reed, dau. of Mrs. Ira Jones by a former husband, March 31, 1877; he lives on the old place; is en- gaged with his brother in market gardening, etc. ; has been on the Board of School Committee for some years. Had Carlon E., b. oSIarch 12, 1880; Annella M., b. Aug. 18, 1882; Roland R.,b. March 9, 1892, d. ]\Iay 20, 1892; Raymond H.,b. March9, 1892. Elis/ia T. Wheeler, s. of Levi, Sr., m. Elizabeth, dau. of Jonathan Fry of Bolton, Nov. 23, 1842; he occupied the house of his father ; had part of the old farm ; built a new house in place of the old, the same where C. A. Otterson now lives; manufactured shoes a number of years; the shop (now gone) was near his dwelling. Had Anne M., b. Dec. 11, 1843,. d. unm. ]\Iarch 18, 1882; Harriet A., b. ]Ma\^ 14, 1848, m. Ebenezer S. Sawtell, Jr. ; Ellen E., b. June 21, 1854, m. A. Augustus vSaw3'er; Olive L., b. July 5, 1856, m. Richard E. Taft Feb. 4, 1880, d. Jan. 10, 1887; Gilbert H., b. June 28, 1859, i^- Lizzie, dau. of Richard Yates of Northboro, res., Marlboro; Lucy Grace, b. Oct. 13, 1861. He d. Jan. 15, 1875; wid. m. Henry \. Taft of Uxbridge. Jonathan ]\ heeler, s. of Levi, Sr., m. Melissa, dau, of Daniel Wheeler, 1840. Had Ellen M., b. July 9, 1 84 1, m., ]\larch 31, 1864, Daniel P. Hartwell ; Emma A., b. April 13. 1843, m. Joseph W. Pierce, he d. 526 HISTORY OF THE Aug. 10, 1865, she m., 2d, June 10, 1866, Horace A. Gunnison. Jonathan d. ISIarch 5, 1845 ; wid. m., 2d, Capt. John D. Merrill. Gcorgv C. Wheeler, s. of Levi, Sr.* m. Mary Martin Jan. 31, 1850; was a marketman ; lived on the J. D. Meriam place ; rem. to Clinton, thence to Worces- ter ; was a soldier in the late war. Had Jonathan T., b. Apr. 3, 1853, m. Lurana, dau. of Welcome Cook, she d. Dec. 28, 1874, he m., 2d, Nettie Brig-ham of Providence, R. I., res., Worcester ; Julia E., b. April 29, 1854, m. Henry H. Hosley, res., Lancaster, now Fitchburg; Lois H., b. Aug. 2, 1856, m. Wal- lace Plaisted of Worcester; George L., b. Sept. 25, 1858, d. July, 1884. George C. d. in Worcester Dec. 4, 1886, where his wid. still res. Williaut //'. U7iee/er, h. Dec. zy, 1812, s. of Abel of Bolton, and a descendant of Obadiah Wheeler, who settled in Bolton on the Allen Wheeler place, m. Sabra, dau. of Daniel Wheeler; he lived where his son, Edward L,, now resides, known formerly ^s the Isaac Moore farm. Had Frederick, b. Aug. 9, 1837; Alvina S., b. Oct. 29, 1839, m. Thomas ^• Berry; Edward L., b. Aug. 22, 1844; Louisa E., b. July 22, 1847. William d. Jan. i, 1888; wid., vSabra, d. April 29, 1895. George Fox Wheeler, s. of Abel of Bolton, m. Sarah, dau. of Amos Wheeler, Sr., Nov. 9, 1843; he lived in the north part of the town on the place now owned by his son-in-law, John L. Day. He was a carpenter; built the house where he lived. Had Lydia R., b. vSept. 23, 1844, m. Charles H. Timson of Northboro Aug. 6, 1 86 1, m., 2d, Henrv Howe of Northboro; TOWN OF BERLIN. 527 Julia Ann, b. Aug. 29, 1847, m. John L. Day; Sarah A., b. July 29, 1849, m. Mervin M. Burdett Feb. 8, 1872, d. vSept., 1895; Horace A., b. Mar. 9, 1854, m. Lucy E. Montgomery iVpril 8, 1875, he d. March 22, 1878, she m., 2d, Lewis Paine. Wife, Sarah, d. Nov. 10, 1873. Hem., 2d, Anna McDavitt of Lynn; he d. Dec. 29, 1889. Francis A. Wheeler, s. of Abel of Bolton, m. Sarah, dau. of Nathaniel King, Nov. 25, 1858; she d. Dec. 4, 1859, age 27 years; left an infant, Holman K. Wheeler, b. Oct. 26, 1859. M., 2d, May 4, 1864, Jen- nie H.' Manchester of Clinton, b. 1839. Had by her, Sarah Lizzie, b. Feb. 19, 1865, m. John E. Phinney Jan. 30, 1884, lives in Clinton; Francis Sherman, b. Dec. 22, 1866, m., Mar. 29, 1889, Eva L., dau. of A. J. Johnson, he owns the Daniel Wheeler farm, a shoemaker, res. with father-in-law; Lilla Geneva, b. Sept. 27, 1868; Clarence Edgar, b. April 22, 1871; John Abel, b. Oct. 19, 1873. He is by trade a shoe- maker and lives on Wheeler hill. Wife, Jennie H., d. Sept. 6, 1874. Frederick W. \Vheeler\ William W.% Abel', m., Oct. 30, 1864, Adaline Kent of Monrovia, N. Y., res. was in Bolton, now in Berlin. Wife d. Nov. 18, 1878. Had James D., b. Sept. 11, 1866; Loren C, b. July 7, 1869; Mary J., b. May 22, 1874. Ecizvard L. Wheeler\ William W.,= Abel', m. May 5, 1869, Sarah E. Dakin of Conn.; he remains on the homestead. Had Walter E., b. Oct. 17, 1872; Wil- liam E., b. Feb. 3, 1879; Genella E., b. April 19, 1 88 1, d. Oct. 26, 1881 ; Warren E., b. Nov. 17, 1890. 5 28 HISTORY OF THE Abraham Whcclcr, a brother of Asa, Sr., who was son of Obadiah of Bolton, was a blacksmith and had a trip-hammer shop and made scythes, just below Stone's corner on the Hudson road. He built the house where Truman Walcott lived, now burned. He removed to Stratton, Vt., where he died. Had son, David, who m. Anna Baker, dau. of Jonathan ; he lived in Bolton and many other places ; they had Joel W., b. 1818, m. Mary Jane Faulkner; David B., b. June II, 1823. David B. \VJui'Icr\ David"', Abraham', m. Alartha Ann, dau. of Jona. Wheeler' of Bolton. He came to town 1857 ; built his house in South Berlin i860, and removed to Northboro 1891 ; he was a repairer of clocks and watches. Had Alfred C, b. June 10, 1845, d. July 10, 1869; Laura A., b. Oct. 31, 1850, d. Aug. 20, 1870; Charles W., b. March 9, 1854, m. Hattie E. Stowers from Maine, he was in trade at Sawyer's mills, res. now Leominster; Arthur B., b. May 10, i860, m. Carrie A. Cross of Cambridgeport, he is in trade at Northboro, she d. i895- Wife, Martha A., d. Dec. 25, 1890; he d. in Northboro with son, Arthur, Oct. 17, 1893. Timothy Brooks \V heeler, of no known connection with the Berlin Wheelers, lived in the old house at Stone's corner, which house was once Abraham Wheeler's trip-hammer shop. The case in law, which attracted much attention at the time, grew out of suit of Berlin vs. Bolton, as to which town was liable to his support; the case went to the Supreme Court. Berlin beat. TOWN OF BERLIN. 529 WHITCOMB. Aiiiasa A. Whit comb, b. April 13, 1832, s. of Amory of Bolton, and whose mother was Mrs. Winsor May- nard, m. Lucy H., dan. of Samuel H. AVheeler, vSept. 8, 1859; l^^''' been a teacher; was a graduate of Bridge- water Normal School ; worked shoemaking in Marl- boro; sold his place in the south part to John Las- selle, res with dau., Mary L. Had Mary L., b. Aug. 10, i860, m. Truman P. Felton ; Myron L., b. Jan. 19, 1862, is a shoe manufacturer in Haverhill, Mass. Wife, Lucy H., d. Aug. 24, 1874. David li. Whitcomb, from New Ipswich, N. H., m. Mary E. Carter, dau. of Leonard. He was a shoe- maker and lived in Carterville ; removed to Clinton ; was a soldier in the late war of Co. I, 5th Regt., Mass. Vols. Had Amy Foster, b. Feb. 10, 1863. Luke Whitconib of Ijolton m., 2d, wid. Hannah (Jewett) Barnes, wid. of Welcome. Lived on the A. C. Derby farm. Had In- first wife, Mary E., m. John B. Gough; was hereabout 1840, returned to Bolton. Rebecca W'/tiicoiiib, dau. of Silas and Lucy Whitcomb of Bolton, was b. Nov. 27, 1799; was one of eleven children. Her ancestors were noted for their lon- gevity; in early life she was a school teacher. Lived manv \-cars with Dr. Hartshorn ; of late has lived with Capt. Silas Sawyer. vShe is now (vSept. 25, 1895) the oldest person in town. Enoc/i ]Vliiieomb,h. , m. Hannah, dau. of Jos. Priest, Sr., on whose place he for awhile lived. Had, probablv, a son, Enoch. No other record. 3r> 530 HISTORY OF THE Enoch WJiitcoiiib, Jr., m. vSarah Tooker 1 78 1 . In 1 784 he bought the homestead of Cyrus Houghton, vSr., and sold the same to Caleb Houghton. He lived in the house on the Cranberry Meadow road, near the Merrick Sargent place. Had Sally, David, Joseph, Polly, Levi, Silas, Anna, Rebecca. The family, or a part of them, were in Rindge, N. H., 1806. He and wife d. in Surry, N. H. WHITE. Daniel A. White, b. Aug. 1 2, 1 836, s. of Samuel White, formerly of Marlboro, N. H., m. Ellen, dau. of Capt. C. S. Hastings. He is a grocer in Clinton ; his res. is in Bolton near the O. C. R. R. depot. He is a lineal descendant of Peregrine White of Pilgrim notoriety, who was born on the Mayflower Nov. 20, 1620, and was the first white male child born in the Colony. Daniel A. is of the seventh generation ; the lineage runs thus : Peregrine', Daniel", Thomas', Samuel', Enoch', vSamuer, Daniel A.' Samuel' settled in Bol- ton, m. Sarah Fosgate and had eight children. One of these, Enoch, b. in Bolton Dec. 18, 1754, m. about 1800 Hannah Hale. He and his father rem. to Marl, boro, N. H., probably about the time of the great emigration of the Joneses, Tenneys and others to that locality. Samuel, s. of Enoch, and father of Daniel A., was b. Dec. 23, 1803, m. Harriet Newell Wade. Had two sons, Charles H. and Daniel A., with the latter of whom he now resides, hale and heartv at nearly 92 yrs. Daniel K. White had by wife, Ellen, Christopher S., b. Aug. 13, 1863; Lelia L., b. Dec. i, 1865, m. TOWN OF BERLIN. 53^ Fred W. Morse; Charles L., b. April 12, 1868, d. May I, 1887; Cordelia H., b. Sept. 20, 1873; Pere- grine H., b. July 20, 1875. Christopher S. White, s. of Daniel A., m., June 30, 1891, Mary vS., dau. of Pliny B. Soutliwick. Has been postmaster and storekeeper at Berlin Centre since 1 890. Has now (Dec. i , 1 895) sold his business to H. E. Lasselle. Peregrine H. White (or Perry, as generally called), s. of Daniel A., while living in South Berlin with the family of Mrs. C. S. Hastings, at the age of thir- teen years started to publish the Berlin News, the first paper ever printed in Berlin. The first issue was July 25, 1888. The entire process of printing a paper was carried out by him at his home in South Berlin, he being editor, type-setter, printer and "devil" all at the same time. ' In the edition of July 24, 1889, directly after his birthday, the following appeared : Fourteen long yenrs have passed away Since we first saw the light of day; For thirteen years we had no views, The fourteenth we started the Berlin A^eius. The size of the Neivs at its initial issue was 7^ X 5 inches before it was folded. When folded, mak- ing four pages, it was just one-half that size. The paper continued for four years, retaining its original size. It became a very popular sheet, not only in Berlin, but in adjoining towns. Hardly a week passed when some of the larger daiUes or weeklies did not have something to offer for the good of the 53- HISTORY OF THE ''iVi-Zi's." The Clinton CounDit appeared one week with the following' verse : If you want a little paper, To instruct you and amuse, We advise you to subscribe For the newsy Berlin Aems. V(>f..i. WEDNESDAY, JL'LVj^ ibSS XI). i. INfRODL'ClTOX. Tiiis xi, ;i ii-,v cicparturc. Uatil tlic pres- ent dav no one has had the grit, sar.d, or energy to start a paper in the village ot So. Udrlin. We claim thi;-. honor. Wi; inte';id to keep up witli the times — not the Marluoro Times, bi t wo do think W2 can furni>h as much new.>, wit, and wisdon^ ai the BkrliN" Keportf.p:. Wc do not propose to chaigc ^ou $2.00 a year for our services noi 50 cti. even but v/e will furnish yau uith the Niivvs every Wednesday for the utleily in'>ignirc?.nt, meagre, and ahv.ost inadequate sum of 3 ct.%. a rnonih. You see wo do liot propoe to have our paper called ^'nothin' but a J ct. ean..;ar.;". Our intention is to publish ail the local new^, a sh.QtJt story, and the cuir^ni notes 01 t!ie dav as our space' will admit.' Wz would like }o.jr name on our s«i:bscription list. Siiai.i u r: (JF.T IT? Nearly 6000 persons finvc died in Bo ;toi) >ince January i Gen. Harrison is .-aid to be ouly li\e tcct five inchc . tall. On Jnlv 27, 1S92, the Nczvs appeared in an en- larged form, this time measuring 9x13 inches before folded, and one-half that size when folded, making it a four-page folio, with the leaves measuring 6^ x 9 inches. AVith this size the paper continued until TOWN OF BERLIN. 533 July 19, 1893, Avhen it was stopped for various reasons, the principal one being on account of the town not being large enough to warrant its publica- tion, and, secondly, the editor, when eighteen, con- sidered he was too large to print so small a sheet. That the Berlin Nczl's was a great benefit to the town of Berlin no one has ever denied. The editor, who was more or less interested in railroad business before suspending the publication of the Ncti.-s, now took hold of it in earnest, and to-day holds a position in the superintendent's office of the North- ern Division of the New York, New Haven & Hart- ford Railroad. The circulation reached nearly 400. Many regrets were expressed when the paper was discontinued. Every volume, except the first, will soon be placed in the librarv for ])ublic use. WIIITXKV. Elislia ill. Whitiuy, s. of Israel, from Marlboro, m. Electa, dau. of Levi Bigelow, Esq., vSr. He bought of Sam Williams the mills at south part about 1 844; sold same to Willard Wheeler 1856 ; was a partner with Geo. W. Maynard in the shoe business till 1862. Had no children. He d. Jan. 3, 1879, aged 61 ; she d. April 2, 1892. He lived on Russell Parks' place. WILDER. Nathaniel Wlldi'?- with wife, Lucy, was here about 1 820-'25 ; were from Keene, N. H. He succeeded Silas Mossman as blacksmith, and preceded Joel BuUard. 534 HIS'lORY OF THE WILLIAMS. Sajiiucl Williams of Marlboro m. Abby Gleason Dec. 14, 1845. He lived on the Col. Parks place and also on the place where Philo Bruce now lives ; re- moved to Sterling about 1862, where he and his wife died; his mother also d. there Dec. 27, 1876, at 100 years. The writer (Rev. ^\^m. A. Houghton) offici- ated at her funeral, also at the funeral service of Winsor Howe of Bolton 1879, age 102 yrs. They had Harriet A., b. March 8, 1848; Caroline M., b. June, 1850, d. March 21, 1856; Orilena, b. July 9, 1852, and George H., d. young. Daniel E. Williams, brother of Samuel, m. Caroline M. . He settled on the place now owned by Joseph Turner. Had Caroline M., b. 1847; Caroline M., b. 1848, both d. young; Sarah A. and Lovell A., who d. young; also Affie G., b. Oct. 2, 1850. He d. June 26, 1 864, by suicide. WINSHIP. Stcplicii Winship, s. of John of Lexington, m. Eliza- beth Williams, dau. of Moses Pollard. Was in busi- ness in Faneuil Hall Market, Boston. Came to West Berlin, where Ebenezer Daily now lives, 1 846, for his health; removed 1857; his children were all b. in Boston. Had Albert C; Henry A.; Elizabeth W., m. Francis U. vStowe, a grandson of Madam Puffer; also Harriet, Laura, vStephen D., Emma, and also Julia A., m. Otis Larkin. WINTER. Waldo Wititcr, late of Clinton, with wife, Mercy, was in West Berlin i826-'30. Was partner in store after Stephen Shepherd and vStephen Moore. TOWN OF BERLIN. 535 WOOD. Joseph Wood m. Kesia, dau. of Lieut. Timothy Bai- ley, who d. in the army 1777. Silas Woodvsi. Sibyl . Had Silas, b. 1785; Polly, b. 1786. Joseph R. Wood, b. Aug. 16, 1859, s. of Charles E., m. Mary E., dau. of Isaac N. Whitaker, Feb. 2, 1880. Came from Northboro, and settled on the Samuel J. Moore place 1 892 ; is a painter. Had Winifred H., b. June 17, 1882; Harold S., b. Sept. 27, 1883; Ken- neth R., b. Dec. 5, 1888; Stanley C, b. Aug. 9, 1890. WOODHURV. Zoheth B. Wooddurj',s. oi Israel of Bolton, m. vSarah Ann, dau. of Jonas Hale, Nov. 19, 1865. He is a shoemaker, and lives on the Conant place in the Centre. Was in the service in the late war in Co. I of the 36th Rcgt., Alass. Vols. Had Zoheth H., b. Jan. 2, 1875. WOODWARD. Frederiek A. Woodzvard, from Lancaster, b. Nov. 12, 1846, m. Angeline V., dau. of Joseph B. Moore of Lancaster, May 25, 1869. Came to town and settled on the Rufus Sawyer place 1870 ; is a stone mason, contractor and farmer; has been on Board of vSelect- men. WORSTER. Ebenezer W'orster, from Harvard, with wife, Eliza- beth, lived in house near Elias L. Wheeler's 1785; removed to Brandon, Vt. Had sons, John and Jona- than. 536 HISTORY OF THE YOUNG. Oliver YoiDig, of Phillipston, m. about 1800 Grace, dan. of Joel Kelly of Northboro. He was crippled for life by the kick of a horse. His son, Oliver, settled on the farm now owned by Paul A. Randall; he d. in Northboro. ^Vid., Grace, m., 2d, Reuben Babcock, who lived at the time on the John Collins place. Had Nancy, b. 1803, d., unm., in Berlin Dec. 24, 1858; Oliver, b. 1805, d., unm., Ma}^ 19, 1857; William L., b. i8o9-'io, d., unm., Aug. 9, 1856; Joel and John M. (no dates of births), — all b. in Phillipston. John M. was a captain of one of the New Bedford whalers and followed the sea for twenty-three years ; his home was in vSoutli Framing-ham; d. 1889. Has a son of same name resident there. The name of Nancy Young is highly cherished in Berlin, and deservedly so, as the principal gift to our school fund came from her; she by her will gave to the town in trust $1,500 for schooling. She lived nine years in the family of Rev. Dr. Bancroft of Worcester. Oliver, Jr., lived with Capt. vSamuel Spofford; William L. lived in Northboro and Westboro ; of Joel no record. Two of the sons and the daughter died here within about two years of each other, and the familv name in Berlin became extinct. ADDENDA TO GENEALOGY COFFRAN. Boijaniiii Coffraii, from Goshen, N. H., settled on the place now owned by Edward Flagg, 1831. Had Susan, m. Silas Houghton, brother of Merrick; Lucina, m. Amory B. vSawyer. Mr. Coffran re- turned to Goshen; no other record. DAVIS. George G. Davis, s. of Horatio E., b. Aug. 6, 1849, in., Sept. 27, 1 87 1, Mary I. Perkins of Gardiner, Me.; res. in house of Capt. Silas Sawyer. Had Alice, b. April 24, 1873, d. vSept. 24, 1873; Ralph G., b. Nov. 27, 1875. DAW SOX. Auianda A. Dawson, wid. of William W. Dawson, a former resident of the west part, owns and occupies for a summer residence the Anthony vS. Starkey place. DVAR. SniitJi Dyar, from Charlestown, b. 1 802, m. Maryjane, dau. of Ebenezer Gage; he lived here when a boy five years ; was a leather merchant in Boston ; came to Berlin 1857; settled on the place now owned by Algernon Cartwright ; rem. to Charlestown ; d. there May 14, 1882; she d. Aug. 24, 1877. Had Mary 538 HISTORY OF THE Jane, b. , m. Abram vShedd of Charlestown ; Ebenezer, b. , res., Rochester, N. H.; Ann Adelia, b. , m. Alonzo Hall ; Albert, b. , d. ; Edward F., b. , m. Fanny E. Devan, dau. of William of Marlboro, he d. Feb. 7, 1894; Ellen M., b. , m. Luther, son of Dea. Luther Peters, she d. July i, 1883; George H., b. , m. Emma, dau. of Alerrick Felton, divorced, m., 2d, Ella Flanders, divorced, m., 3d, Carrie . Fanny E., the wid. of Edward F., lives in house next east of L. W. Brewer's. GODDARD. Emerson N. Goddard, from Westminster, has re- cently bought the Moran place in the west part. It appears by the history of Westminster, recently pub- lished, that he is the son of Nathaniel Goddard of Templeton; was b. iVug. 17, 1839, m.. May i, 1861, Jane L., dau. of Lysander Jackson; she d. June 30,^ 1870, aged 28. They had but one child: Emma J., b. Nov. 18, 1864. Mr. Goddard was formerly pro- prietor of the Central Hotel in Westminster. The following complimentary notice is taken from the history aforesaid: "Under his administration the house has maintained a good standing in the com- munity, and extended to travelers, festive parties, and whomsoever might lend it patronage, a hearty welcome, and a generous hospitality. No known connection with the Berlin Goddards. howp:. Chester A. Howe, s. of Alanson S. of Marlboro, m. Grace R., dau. of Oliver S. Wheeler, May i, 1895, TOWN OF BERLIX. 539 res. in South Berlin in a new house just built for himself. JEW EFT. Walter S. Jcivctt, b. April 7, 1863, s. of Henry P. of Bolton, m., May 17, 1884, Bertha L., dan. of Sewell H, Merrill. He lives on the Dakin place. Had Ralph S., b. Nov. 20, 1891. I..\V150LT. David Laybolt, from N. S., b. Aug. 12, 185 1, m., March, 1881, Mary Ross, b. May 17, 1845; came to Berlin 1882; res. at the Asa Bride place. Had Mur- dick, b. Jan. 14, 1883; Harry, b. June 10, 1885. MERKIIJ,. Capt. John D. Merrill was b. in Gilmanton, N. H., ]\Iay 26, 1796, m. Mary H. Barter, res. Belfast, Cas- tine and Deer Isle, Me., came to Berlin 1848; was a soldier in the War of 1 8 1 2 ; was a sea captain. He lived on Wheeler hill, the place recently occupied by Arad Taylor. He was the oldest person in town at the time of his death, Oct. 29, 1886, at 89 yrs. 5 mos. Had bv wife, Mary H., Ammi C, res. Frankfort, Me., d. 1868; Seth W., b. July 21, 1820 ; Mary Jane, b. May 19, 1822, m., Oct. 28, 1841, Thos. S. Barter, she d. here Oct. i, 185 i ; Joseph W., b. July 6, 1825; John A., b. wSept. 7, 1827; Jemima D., b. April 11, 1830, m. Jonathan F. Wheeler; Sarah F., b. Aug. 9 1832, m. Amory Pollard, m., 2d, Jona. Ridley; Persis J., b. Aug. 31, 1835, m. Isaac Holbrook; Sewell H., b. Nov. 3, 1838; Elba M., b. Nov. 21, 1841, m. Wm. 540 HISTORY OF THE Tasker of Steven's Point, AVis. Wife, Mary H., d. Nov. 28, 1843, in Frankfort, Me.; m., 2d, May i, 1 849, Mrs. Melissa, dau. of Daniel Wheeler, and wid. of Jonathan Wheeler, s. of Levi. Had by Melissa, Laura Ella, b. Oct. 22, 185 i, m. Arad Taylor; Ber- tillo J., b. Dec. 27, 1853, d. April 29, 1861 ; Mary H., b. Oct. 21, 1856, d. March 23, 1862. Wid., Melissa, d. Aug. 27, 1893. Sct/i JV. Merrill, s. of John D., m. Thirza A., dau. of Asa Carter, in Frankfort, Me., 1844; removed to Berlin 1845. Had George W. and Mar\^ Susan. She d. Nov. 4, 1850; m., 2d, her sister, Hulda A., dau. of Asa Carter, Jan. 2, 1853, in Bolton. Had by her, T. Ella and May E. He settled in Hudson ; a dealer in paints, oils and paper hangings; now removed to vSomerville. Rev. Joseph W. Merrill, s. of John D., m. Susan B., dau. of Asa Carter, Nov. 2, 1846; she d. June 2, 1849, in Berlin; m., 2d, Abbie E., dau. of Daniel Wheeler, 1850, res. on Wheeler hill, the place where James B. Hartley and wife, Abbie E. (former wife of Jos. W.), now live. Had by Abbie E., E. Eugene, b. Feb. 26, 1 85 1, Jos. W. left town about 1868 ; has m., 3d, L. M. Hinckley, res. Maynard. JoJui A. Merrill, s. of John D., m. Laura E., dau. of Ivory Carter, April 9, 1 8 5 1 ; in early life he was a shoemaker, but later succeeded Samuel M. Fuller in store at Carterville, where he still continues ; was a soldier in the late war. Had by wife, Laura E., Alice M., b. May 13, 1856, m. Henry S. Houghton, Jr., Sept. 28, 1876, res., Northbridge ; Laura Eliza- TOWN OF BERLIN. 541 beth, b. June 9, 1861, m. Warren S. Howe Jan. 18, 1888, res., Brookline. Wife, Laura E., d. Augf. 28, 1866; m., 2d, Lurinda E. Mansfield of Ashby July 3, 1869, and by her had Walter E., b. Dec. 24, 1870; Efde A., b. June 17, 1874. Sczuc/l H. Merrill, s. of John D., m., Nov. 2, 1863, Augusta D. Lawrence of Acton, a sister of Mr. E. H. Lawrence; res. in north part of town on the David Smith place; is a shoemaker and farmer. Had Bertha L., b. Aug. 24, 1864, m. Walter S. Jewett of Bolton; Grace H., b. March 19, 1870, m. 1^'orest E. Day. lidgar Eugene Merrill, s. of Joseph W., m. Nellie Howard of Brooklyn, N. Y., June 10, 1889; res. on the mother's old place on Wheeler hill. Had three children: Joseph W., b. June 2, 1891 ; Margaret A., b. July 29, 1893; Lester E., b. July 28, 1895. MILLS. Silas L. Mills, s. of John K. Mills of Nelson, N. H., came to Berlin 1885, m. Ella M., dau. of Edward Flagg, Dec. 24, 1885 ; he lives in the west part on the place formerly owned by Hartwell Sawyer. Charles D. Mills, a brother of Silas, m. Etta F. Par- menter of this town, res., Florida. Had Lula E., b. ]\Iay 19. 1888; Roy E., b. Dec. 2, 1890. •MORSE. /. Porter Morse, s. of Fred Morse of Marlboro, m. Lelia G., dau. of George H. Bruce, Oct. 14, 1890; has made Berlin his home a part of the time since 542 HISTORY OF THE his marriage; res. with wife's father, Geo. H. Bruce. He is a musician of superior attainments, a teacher of music, and the leader of the Hudson Brass Band. Has had two children, Porter B., b. Dec. 22, 1891, d. young; George V., b. Jan. 22, 1893. OTTER SON. Charles A. Ottcrson, s. of John A. and grands, of James Otterson, natives of Hooksett, N. H,, was b. in Lowell, Mass., June i, 1835. Margaret W., his wife, was b. Feb. 2, 1842, near Glasgow, Scotland. He resides in the southeast part of the town, on the place formerly owned by Elisha T. Wheeler; he is a machinist, plumber and farmer, and is engaged in hot-house culture of plants and flowers. Had John A., b. in Clinton i\.ug. 25, 1867 ; Helen M., b. in Clin- ton May 12, 1872. "The first Otterson we have any account of lived 600 years ago. The naine was spelt Otson ; he was poet to the King of Denmark and belonged to the king's household. When the Danes invaded Eng- land, the king fitted out a vessel and made him cap- tain ; he settled in England, afterward in the north of Ireland, then the name was changed to 'Oughter- son.' His descendants, after coming to America, spelt the name Otterson." PAIGE. Willia)ii H. Paige, of South Boston, m. Elizabeth L., dau. of Henry Hastings; res. here about 1858 on the place now owned by William King in the south part; later he lived on the farm now owned by A. TOWN OF BERLIN. 543 B, Allen ; present res., Onset, Mass. Had one son, William H., a professional musician. PERRY. Eugene O. Perry, from Concord, s. of Joseph, m.. May 12, 1887, vSarah L., dau. of Eugene Smith of Bolton; came to Berlin 1895. He is a blacksmith at Guertin's shop in the Centre. Had George F., b. May 14, 1889; Carl E., b. Aug. 19, 1892; Clarence R., b. March 5, 1894. PIERCE. Arthur Franklin Pieree, b. in Peru, Mass., Oct. 28, 1853, m. Mary V., dau. of Algernon Cartwright, May 10, 1879; lived in Northboro some 3'ears after mar- riage; present res., South Berlin; he is a painter and carpenter and has plenty to do. Had Eliza V., b. Nov. 3, 1880; Lillian E., b. April 15, 1883. ROIUCHAUD. Louis Kobiehaud, b. in New Brunswick March 30, 1853, m., 1882, Marceline Comeau of New Bruns- wick, b. 1858 ; came to the states 1888 ; is a section hand on the B. & M. R. R.; res., Oliver Smith place. Had Mary Ann, d. young; Mary, b. Oct. 15, 1884; Joseph A., b. Dec, 1885, d. Aug., 1886; Joseph, b. May 5, 1887 ; Mary Agnes, b. Sept. 2, 1888 ; Anna, b. May 3, 1890, d. Sept. 5, 1890; Willie, b. July — , 1891, d. Jan. 20, 1892; Antony, b. Sept. i, 1892, d. Sept. 5, 1S93; Mary Emma, b. Feb. 9, 1894; John L., b. Aug. 29, 1895. 544 HISTORY OF THE SEGAR. JHss Ainiic A. Scgar, from Boston, came to town 1894; res. in summer on the Caty Larkin place on the road to O. C. depot. SIIUBERT. Car/ B. Schubert, b. in Germany Sept. 3, 1854, m., Mav 25, 1 88 1, Annie L. Kneipel, res., Renben Hast- ings' place; came to Berlin 1890. Had Annie, b. [line 12, 1883; Clara, b. Dec. 16, 1884; Martha, b. Jan. 26, 1887; Althea, b. July i, 1890; Charles W., b. July I, 1892. SMITH. Calvin SiJiii/i\ Calvin", Calvin", John', b. July 11, 1833, m. Louisa J., dau. of Josiah C. Sawyer; he and Mr. vSawyer owned for a short time, about 1858, the farm since owned b}^ Richard M. Wheeler ; he rem. to Hudson, where he still res.; wife d. March 4, 1 87 1. Had Nellie, d. ; Charles; (rrace, m. Frank Glines. Janus (7. Smith, s. of Calvin', m. Ellen Jones, sister of Everett; lived in Nelson, N. H., now res. in Lan- caster. Had Lizzie, m. and lives in Lancaster. Stephen Smith, s. of Calvin', m. Helen A. Sanderson, dau. of Jesse of Lunenburg, ]\Lay 3, 1864. Had Herbert W., b. Nov. 20, 1867, m. Alice E. Phillips, res., Hudson. (iATES' POM) TAKEN. Gates' pond, or " Kequasagansett" lake, was taken by the town of Hudson for a water supply for domes- TOWN OF BERLIN. 545 tic purposes by act of Legislature of 1883, for which the town received no remuneration, although the town may need the same at no distant day for its own uses. The rights, privileges and immimities of a town should ever be watched and guarded with zealous care and wise discernment. ORTHODOX SUNDAY SCHOOL AND TEACHERS. The .Sunday school in the ( )rthodox Congregational Church was organized May, 18 18, in the latter part of Dr. Puffer's ministry. At first it was only for the children, and was adjourned through the winter months. There was some opposition to the move- ment lest it should supersede the teaching of the Bible in the family. Dea. Dexter Fay was the first superintendent ; a (jodly man, and faithful in all the duties of the office. The church records show many additions to the church from the .Sunday school while he was super- intendent. He was succeeded at his death by Josiah Bride, who brought to the work culture and education united with energy, and an earnest Christian spirit. Under his successor, Dr. Edward Hartshorn, gifted in prayer and speech, with zeal for the work, the school greatly prospered. On his removal to Somer- ville, his son, Edward H. Hartshorn, was elected to the office, which he held till his death, a period of fifteen years. Talents and energy, united with entire devotion to the interests of the school, won for him the reputation of a model superintendent. C. B. Rathbun, assistant superintendent, succeeded him^ and labored earnestlv and faithfullv for the school 546 HISTORY OF THE under the great loss it had sustained. Truman P. Felton followed him; removing from town, served less than one year. Levi Babcock was chosen in his place. At the close of two years of faithful and effi- cient service, he resigned, Chas. M. Sawyer, present superintendent, was elected April i, 1892. BIOGRAPHICAL KARNES. It appears by the records that Fortunatus Barnes is named in the warrant calling the first town meet- ing April 12, 1784, as "a principal inhabitant of the district of Berlin," and such he undoubtedly was in general intelligence, enterprise and thrift. vSome other parts of the town had been settled fifty or more years before his advent here. By his posterity we may judge somewhat of the fountain head; all have borne an honorable record, and the name still adheres to the ancestral lands. May the founders of states be remembered. (vSee Cren., p. 276.) BROWN. Ira H. M. Brotvn, one of the schoolmasters of the olden time, deserves more than a passing notice. His education was obtained in our common schools, with the exception of one term in Mr. Bride's Academy. He taught in Northboro, Marlboro and Berlin. In addition to his other qualifications, he was a good musician, — playing in Brigham and Sawin's Orchestra, also in the choir at Feltonville, in the brick church on Gospel hill. He was of a quiet, unassuming nature, honest and upright in all his dealings. 548 HISTORY OF THE COTTING. Gi'orgc A. Cottiiii;\ although never an inhabitant of the town, ever took a lively interest in its affairs, and was quite often present at public gatherings here. On one occasion he expressed his intention of leav- ing a donation to the town. His intention has been carried into effect bv a provision of his will giving to the town in trust the sum of $500, the income to be used for repairs in South cemetery. His name will be gratefully remembered. DTRSTON. Kci^ Alfred S. Dursion. The subject of this sketch came to Berlin in the .spring of 1877 as "book can- vasser," being engaged in raising funds wherewith to complete his studies, preparatory to entering the ministry, which he then had in view. The Rev. Mr. Houghton being quite ill at the time. Mr. Durston was engaged to supply liis pulpit, which service he performed for about eighteen months, or until Sep- tember, 1878. His ministrations during this period were highly satisfactory to the congregation, and were approved of by Mr. Houghton in terms of high commendation. Mr. Durston gained many warm friends while here, and his name is still held in high regard by the people of the town. In addition to his effective work in the church, he was a strong advo- cate of temperance, and a warm friend and supporter of the G. A. R., the Lyceum and the Brass Band. After leaving Berlin, he finished his universitv course in Syracuse, X. Y., and soon thereafter verv acceptably filled ^Methodist pastorates in Borodino .^ ^ '■ ir ^ 1 ^L d r ^^^^ ^■1 H^^^^^^H|^^¥ REV. A. F. DURSTON. EDWARD H. HARTSHORN. TOWN OF BERLIN. 549 and Syracuse, N. Y. Since 1883 he has filled the office of general secretary of the Y. M. C. A. of vSyracuse with good acceptance. He is prominent in Good Templar circles in New York, having been twice grand chaplain of the state. AVas a delegate to the convention of Y. M. C. A. at Amsterdam, 1891, and to the Jubilee in London, 1894. Mr. Durston was born in Somersetshire, Eng., Mav i, 1848; he lost his parents in early youth : came to this country when two years old ; passed his childhood in Mar- cellus, X. Y.; in 1887 he married Florence M. Wilson of Ogdensburg. X. Y. Have two children, ISIary A. and James A. FOSGATK. Charles O. Fosgatc, s. of Oliver Fosgate, is one of the musical fraternity of the town. He evinced early in life a predilection for music. His natural genius, aided by competent instruction, developed into a first-class teacher of music. His special forte was on the piano, but was proficient on other instru- ments. The field here was too limited and he sought the metropolis of Xew England, where he remained for twenty years or more. He now res. in San Diego. Cal. (^See Gen., p. 353.) IIAKTSIIOKX. Edward Hcnuc Hartshorn, though in business with his father and brother, W. H. Hartshorn, under the firm name of E. Hartshorn & Sons, resided in Berlin till his death and was active in town, church and society affairs, and was superintendent of the ConsfreQ^ational Sabbath school sixteen vears. At 55" HISTORY OF THE the age of 23, and for some years, was town treasurer, and in 1869 represented the seventh Wor- cester district in the Legislature. During the war he served in Co. I, 5th Regt., M. V. M., and was greatly interested in the G. A. R. Post of the town. Was a member of the E. A. M., and of Berlin No. 49, U. (). G. C. An intimate clerical friend gave the following summary of his life in the public press : *']\Ir. Hartshorn was a man of intellectual strength, vigor of mind, intense activity and reliability of character. The church, vSunday school, fraternal societies and all local interests of his town will feel his loss most keenl}^ His relation to his only brother was especially tender and ideal in constancy; indeed, few men have left such rare records as son, brother, husband and father." (See Gen., p. 374.) HASTINGS. ArtJiur Hastings. The subject of this sketch is entitled to special mention for his generosity in aid- ing the town in the cost of the illustrations of this work; but for him the large number of soldiers' por- traits herein would necessarily have been considera- bly abridged, for which gracious act his name will be held in grateful remembrance by all who may have any interest in the history of the town. The numer- ous offices and positions of trust and responsibility held by him in town are a sufficient testimonial of the high regard in which he is held. He was our last representative to the General Court, 1894. (For genealogy, see p. 378). Henry Whitney Hastings, s. of James j\I. Hastings, is justly entitled to further notice at our hands. N ARTHUR HASTINGS. TOWN OF BERLIN. 551 Impelled by a commendable ambition to acquire an education and fit himself for usefulness in some vocation congenial to his feelings, he took a course of study in the Boston University, and later gradu- ated from the Emerson School of Oratory in Boston. vSince graduation, he has given readings in various places with good acceptance. He is now professor of elocution in Mt. Hermon Institute at Northfield, Mass. Leslie Hastinos, Esq. Among the young men of the town who gave high promise of great usefulness was Leslie Hastings, the youngest son of Capt. C. S. Hastings. He was proficient in good scholarship, a graduate of Harvard College, and a lawyer by pro- fession. He was successful in practice, and had largely the confidence of those with whom he came in contact. His geniality and pleasant greetings won for him many friends. His early demise was a very serious loss to his friends and also to the community at large. (See Gen., p. 378.) Ruthven Hastings. We cheerfully record the fact that Ruthven Hastings should be classed among our most sagacious and far-seeing citizens. From early youth he was never free from liability to asthmatic attacks, which continued at intervals dur- ing his life. He sought the more balmy air of the south and of California, but of no avail as to per- manent cure. He was largely intrusted with the affairs of the town, as was his father before him. He passed away in mid-life at the age of 49, much lamented by his fellow townsmen. (See Gen., p. 378-^ 552 HISTORY OF I'HF, Rufus Sawyer Hastings, our former storekeeper and postmaster in the Centre, was the successor of William A. Howe and others in the old Howe store. By dint of good management and natural aptness for trade, he succeeded in maintaining the high reputa- tion of his predecessors for good accommodation and fair dealing. His trade was extensive (there being less competition then than now) and embraced much from out of town. Owing to his position, he knew more people and was known by more than anv other person in town. He never aspired for political honors, but confined his ambition mainly to the legitimate business in which he was engaged. He was for many years considered authority in matters of finance, and his judgment was largely sought and relied on in appraisement of estates and in the values of property generally. He was director for some years of the Clinton National Bank, and held other positions of trust and responsibility. He was cut off in mid-life in the midst of his usefulness at the age of 48 years. (See Gen., p. 380. 1 IIODGKINS. Aseiiatk [Hoiio/iioii] [Hodgkins] Brown, probably a dau. of one Silas Houghton, whose residence was in the west part nearly opposite George W. Howard's, was a queer specimen of humanity truly. vShe was not devoid of a fair share of intellectual and natural capacity. Perhaps the characteristic for which she was most noted was her attachment to domestic fowls, from which for years she gained the prin- cipal means of her subsistence. These shared with ARTHUR HASTINGS PLACE. TOWN OF BERLIN". 553 her the Uixuries of her table and kept vigil over her by night bv roosting on the footboard of her bed. She married in early life one Hodgkins in Boston, where she was employed a number of years. Her husband enlisted in the navy in the war of 1 8 1 2 ; was taken prisoner and carried to England and died in Dartmoor prison. She tried in vain for years for a widow's pension, but there were some links lack- ing in the chain. While a resident here she had other pseudo-husbands. One of these is still remem- bered, for his military title at least, as Col. Lewis Fagan — not the Fagan first on the David vSouthwick farm. Another, and the last, was a ]\Ir. Brown. Aunt 'vSeene was noted as a constant attendant on all festive occasions where there were free suppers. In consequence of over-indulgence at one of these she died Mar. 6, 1 869, age 79 years, at Henry D. Coburn's shop, where she was living at the time supported l)y the town. HOLDER. Saiiiml Holder, son of Daniel Holder, present resi- dence. Hudson, is one on whom nature has lavished a largfe share of her gifts in the line of music. His abilitv in this regard is certainly superior. In the Holder blood there is a musical vein. John Holder, uncle, was a prodigy at the time in musical perform- ances. Samuel has been in demand for fifty years or more to play on the clarinet or other instruments. He has played for public and private assemblies more than two thousand and three hundred times. This record shows the public regard for him as a musician. (See Gen., p. 382.) 554 HIS'JORY OF THK JONES. Solojiioii Jones, son of Pelatiah Jones, is worthy special mention. He settled here in our midst ; had just completed his domestic domicile when he was taken away. He was a schoolmaster of the olden pattern. Had a special gift in debate, and was one largely relied on in the discussions at the South Part Lyceum. (See (ien., p. 410.) KEYES. Charles G. A'cyes, son of Ziba and Lois Keyes, was born in Berlin Oct. 19, 1831. After the education in the public school, with several terms at the Berlin Academy, he continued his studies, attending the Academy at Leicester, also at New Ipswich and Monson. He chose the profession of the law, and engaged in teaching as a means for prosecuting his studies ; teaching in his native town and vicinity, also in select schools in Holden and Williamsburg, Mass., being several times elected member of the School Board. He studied law at the Law School, Cambridge, and read law with Judge Chapin in Worcester. Was admitted to the bar in 1858, and commenced the practice of law at East Douglas ; re- moved from there to Hyde Park. In 1874 went to Jamaica Plain, his present residence, opening a law office at 28 State street, Boston, where he has re- mained. Served in the Legislature in 188 1. Tn 1884 was appointed judge of the Municipal Court of the city of Boston for the West Roxbury district. (wSee Gen., p. 413). TOWN OF BERLIN. 555 MaCELWAIN. Andrew MacEiwain and wife, Hasadiah, were among the first settlers on Wheeler hill ; lived just northeast of the great boulder ; the old cellar hole still goes by that name ; their land included the Spofford farm and all of Carterville and part of Powder House hill; his wife had land in her own right from John Moore, whose dau. she probably was ; no other record. MAVNARI). George \V. Mayiiard. Probably no man in Berlin took a greater interest in town affairs than the sub- ject of this sketch. In political matters he was pos- itive and influential; quick at retort, his thrusts were not easily parried. He will long be remem- bered for the good work he did as road commissioner; he was a positive force in the repairing and keeping in good order the roads of our town. Was success- ful in business as a shoe manufacturer in company with Elisha ]\I. Whitney. (See Gen., p. 426.) George liniersoii Mayiiard. The subject of this sketch was one of great promise in matters per- taining to business and trade. He early developed the faculty of clearly perceiving the value of things ; he sought wider fields for his adventurous spirit on the wide prairies of western Missouri. After the war (see his war record elsewhere), he returned to Missouri and made rapid strides in the acquisition of property ; did extensive trading in cattle ; fattened stock for the Chicago market, and carried on a large acreage of various crops. In the midst of prosperity 556 HISTORY OF THE in early life he was cut off by that fatal cyclone which swept over his premises in June, 1880, killing him and his oldest daughter, Grace, leaving destruc- tion and desolation in its path ; his buildings, crops and cattle were destroyed. Oh, who can picture the horrors of that scene? (vSec Gen., p. 426.) MKRIAM. Dca. Jonathan Mcriavi, Esij. Whoever mav have studied the early history of Berlin may have per. ceived that the name of Meriam is frequentlv men- tioned among the names of prominence in church, district and town. Dea. Jonathan ]\Ieriam was an important factor in the development and regulation of affairs, public and private, in district and town ; in him was a clear, comprehensive intellect joined to high moral purpose; he possessed a diversity of talents ; was a safe counselor on matters pertaining to church or town affairs, in each of which he was deeplv interested ; as a scribe his records show much care in copying and recording ; as a land surveyor he was fully equal to those of his time. Men of his calibre and character give immense prominence and standing to any town in which they live. His brother, Amos, settled in Leominster, and from him may have sprung some of the more prominent fami- lies of this name in that locality. (^See Gen., p. 430.) MORSK. Lyman Morst\ Among the names of Berlin citizens worthy of special mention is that of Lvman Morse. The name stands for integrity, industry and frugality; by the exercise of these virtues he acquired a compe- LYMAN MORSE. E. IRVING SAWYER. TOWN OF BERLIN. 557 tencv ; he was a man whose word was as trood as his bond ; he carried on the farm and made shoes in the little shop just north of his honse. He took quite a number of boys from the reform school and gave them good instruction in the way of right living as well as in the art of making shoes. He held various places of trust and responsibility, and was highly respected by his fellow citizens. His early death was regarded by all as a public calamity ; he d. at the early age of 54. (vSee Gen., p. 439.) I'OWERS. Major AiidniK' Apple ton Potocrs, s. of Dea. John Powers, m. vSarah Ann, dau. of Ephraim Howe, Jr.; was a shoemaker; res., hrst, Carterville, thence Hud- son, where he d. in mid-life much lamented. His wid. m. Parkman Nourse. He was first lieutenant of Co. I, 5tli Regt., ^lass. Vols., for nine months; was captain of same company for 100 days' sei-vice, and was promoted after the war to major of the 5 th Regt., Mass. ]\Iilitia. (vSee Gen., 453.) SAWYER. E. Irviui!:; Saivycr. Among the natives of the town who have won eminence and distinction in other localities is the subject of this sketch. The acquire- ments attained in our common schools he supple- mented by a course in Bryant & Stratton's Com- mercial College in Boston. He secured a place as clerk in S. H. Howe & Co.'s shoe manufactory in Marlboro. By his ability, fidelity and perseverance, has acquired an interest in the concern, and has been 558 HISTORY OF THF. honored by his fellow-citizens to the office of alder- man of the City Council of Marlboro. Dea. Oliver Sazvyer was held in high esteem by his fellow townsmen, and deservedly so, as is shown by the repeated trusts and responsibilities in church and town he had in charge. He was one of those solid, substantial men whose opinion had weight in the community; he was frequently called to arbitrate in vexatious cases and to untangle the twisted web of neighborhood broils, ever counseling harmony and peace instead of contention and strife. He was one of those men who was an honor to the town in which he lived. It is the life and character of such men that have helped to make New England what it is. Long may his name be remembered for his good deeds and pious example. Stephen Saivyer, s. of A Ivan, after he attained his majority, spent a year in the store of Haman Hunt in Berlin. The outlook did not seem wide enough and he concluded that a larger field would be more promising to his hopes. In the spring of 1841, he left Berlin and at once found employment in the dry goods house of H. B. Claflin & Co., in Worcester. At that time the house of H. B. Claflin & Co. was the liveliest business house in the Commonwealth. When Mr. Claflin sought a larger field, Mr. Sawyer was retained as salesman in the succeeding firm. That firm was soon reconstructed under the name of B. L. Hardon & Co., Mr. Sawyer having an interest. After remaining in this position some years, on account of ill health, he was obliged to go out of business. After years of rest — a seeming waste of STEPHEN SAWYER, ESQ. MRS. E. IRVING SAWYER. TOWN OF BERLIN. 559 time, lie went into business with T. A. Clark and E. W. Ball, buying the stock of crockery, glassware, etc., of John Firth & Co., and renting the store they occupied. They soon outgrew^ their accommodations, and hired two large stores in Taylor's block. A few years more and these premises were too small, and they hired the third store, together with upper rooms. They now occupy more square feet of floor room than any other business house in their line of mer- chandise in New England. Mr. Sawyer has held many positions of public trust. He is director in the Mechanics National Bank, also in the Worcester Mutual Insurance Company; trustee in the Five Cents Savings Bank. Was one of the aldermen of the city under the mayorship of JiUson, Pratt, and Kelley,' together with other important trusts. SIIATTUCK. Elijah C. S/iattuck has ever been prominent in town since his advent here nearly a half century ago. He early in life devoted his time to study, and having completed the preparatory course in the classical department at Phillips Academy, Andover, entered Amherst College in 1846. Here he took first rank in his class, and would have graduated from this institution but for ill health, which com- pelled him to resign his studies in the midst of the course. After regaining his health in 1853, Mr. Shattuck settled in Berlin and engaged in the manu- facture of shoes, in which business, either as em- ployee or employer, he has been engaged to the present time. He was early elected a member of the School Committee, in which capacity he has 560 HISTORY OF THE served for twenty-five years. He has also held other town offices of trust. In 1875 he was elected repre- sentative to the General Court from his district, em- bracing^ the towns of Clinton, Northboro and Berlin. He was a member of the original committee chosen to compile a town history, and assisted in that work until its completion. SMITH. j\ (Edison (j. SmitJi, son of Oliver vSmith, was one of youthful promise. He was endowed with superior talents ; was a graduate of Harvard College ; after graduation he became a high school teacher, which occupation he followed for several years with good acceptance until failing health compelled him to retire. He passed away early in life much lamented bv his fellow townsmen, Nov. 16, 1H74, at the age of 45- ?>OUTHWlCK. Pliny B. Sontlnvick, Esq., a native of Berlin, of pious ancestry, brought up in the good order of the Society of Friends, has ever been a stanch defender of religious liberty and the rights of man. In this he seems to have inherited the ancestral traits of his far-back progenitors, who suffered at Puritanic hands for opinion's sake. His education was obtained at the Friends' school in Bolton, supplemented by at- tendance at Thomas Fry's school and the Friends' Boarding vSchool at Providence, R. I. He early engaged in teaching school with good success in various jDlaces ; having a predilection for business he engaged in the manufacture of shoes in Carter- TO\\-N OF BERLIN. 56 1 ville. Impressed with the truths taught by Rev. Adin Ballou, he quit the business here and joined the Hopedale community, where he continued until 1866, when the institution disbanded, and he re- turned to his native town and settled in Carterville ; here he engaged in the coal, grain and livery busi- ness. His most distinguished characteristics have been his intense interest and unflagging zeal in all reform movements. The temperance cause has claimed his attention, perhaps, more than any other, although his activity and efficiency have been notable in the Farmers' Club, the Shakespeare Club, the Cyrange, and other organizations calculated to benefit humanity. He has held various positions of honor and trust; was president for a series of years of Worcester N. E. Temperance Society ; presi- dent of the Farmers' Club, as also of the Shakespeare Club ; was on the Board of Superintending vSchool Committee. WHEEI.ER. Erastus S. W heeler, mentioned in the foregoing genealogy, is worthy of further not.ce in these pages. He seems to have been a natural botanist and orni- thologist. With no special instruction other than that attained by his own observation and research, he acquired a knowledge of nearly all the plants and birds of this localitv, and could classify and arrange them in scientific order. At different periods he has lived in other sections ; first, in Tennessee, later in Georgia and South Carolina, and lastly in North Carolina. Berlin is specially indebted to him for his labors in setting out shade trees by the way-side in 37 562 HISTORY OF THE many places. His life work has been largely a labor of love for humanity, and he has well carried out the Scriptural injunction, "Lay not up for yourselves treasures on earth where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal." He d. Dec. 14. 1895. WIIITCOMP,. Myron L. Whitcoiiib. We record with genuine sat- isfaction a brief account of the well merited success of Myron L. Whitcomb since he left Berlin — the place of his birth and early education. After pass- ing through our common schools, he attended the high schools of Bolton and Northboro, and finally, in order to equip himself with the essential qualifica. tions for business, he took a course in the Bryant & Stratton Commercial College in Boston. After serv- ing as clerk in various places, he engaged with James H. Winchell, a large shoe manufacturer of Haver hill, Mass., and as luck would have it, he married the only daughter of his employer, and became a partner in the business. He has three sons. Mr. Winchell died Jan. 15, 1896, hence the management of a large estate will necessarilv devolve on him. W.M. .\. HOUGHTON'S SPEECH, APRIL 12, 1887. In reviewing our work we are impressed with the fact that the speech made by the Rev. W. A. Hough- ton, Apr. 12, 1887, at the Town Hall, on the occasion of the reception given to Chandler Carter, and on the presentation to the town of his portrait, should ap- pear in full on these pages. The report of the same, /" /^^-^ v^ I John H. 1'akkek, Si-f p. fjj. J MVUON I,. \\'llTT(()Mli. Mk EkASH-, S. \\'lItELE.J<. Mks. Mkrkiam (Baktlett) Holt. Sec p. 2S5. B., 1804. TOWN OF BERLIN. 563 as published in the Berlin Enterprise, is as follows : Mr. Chairman : It is ever a pleasure to me to represent my native town. The longer I live the more I appreciate the privilege, and my gray hairs and so many years' companionship with our special benefactor have, perhaps, won me this opportunity. Having remembrance, somewhat, for three score years, of the familiar names of Berlin, and knowing much of their history, including the life of Mr. Carter as "schoolmate," "fellow soldier," when there was no fighting to do, as citizen, from his first vote, as nearest neighbor for thirty years, there may be some fitness in my position. And I want to say, just here, to the young that the longer 1 live the more confidence I have in the general good heartedness of men, and the more intimate my personal acquaintance, the more good qualities I find in them. If you would touch the real core of a man's life, do him a kindness. Probably Mr. Carter, in all his good will for us before, never thought so well of our responsively generous sentiment as he does now, and if any of you have failed to see his own respon- sive interest in us, you see it is because you could not look upon the heart. This good will to us is not the impulse of a moment. It is the maturing of long cherished good will. You do not know how many good wishes are breathed upon you which the lips do not utter. And you, Mr. Carter, my worthy fellow citizen, native with me of the town, you will not hear one-half of the benedictions, yes, and prayers, which will breathe in many hearts while you live. Indeed, coords seem so inadequate to express our obH- gation that many will restrain the words that come to them. We know our thanks are all you ask. But mere thanks seem Uke air bubbles. But in the name of these fathers of the town, in office, and in the name of all our citizens, I beg of you to believe that every citizen, uttering or restraining his words, is truly grateful. Let me add, also, the motherhood of the town, and our modest maidens. Our children will hold 564 HISTORY OF THE you in remembrance. And, perhaps, more than I have said has been wrought into a few lines by that graceful poetic pen which has already given our native town a good reputation in that line. It will be read to you. One thing just here, fellow citizen. Not that I have the least occasion to say it in connection with this free gift ; I have not. The contrary every way. But! have heard, in my life time, when some person of larger means than others has made a generous gift, or generous subscription, even in com- mon, the contemptible remark, "he is able," "she is able," " can afford to do it." Such a spirit prevalent would sink any community. That is the spirit that doesn't thank God for His gifts because He is "able" to give. Doesn't cost Him any self-denial. True " the earth is the Lord's, and the fullness thereof, gold and silver, the cattle upon a thousand hills." But God docs like to be acknowledged and thanked. He does not like to be told He is able and could do it as well as not. Now, somehow, I cannot, of late years, talk much about anybody without getting into their "genealogy." "Mr. So and So." "Yes, I know that name." " What was your father's given name?" "Why, Abel." " And your grandfather's ? " "Well, I //^/'///(' his name was Abel." "Yes; and your great- grandfather's? " " Well, there's where you've got me." Here is Neighbor Bassett ; I don't believe he will get through with that picture without some genealogical tangle ; for my Neighbor Chandler's own aunt married into Richmond. But \ don't mean he shall use my thunder. I am speaking for the town, but I don't propose to give you Berlin genealogies ; I'll furnish that one of these days. But you ask Mr. Bassett if he knows anything about a man till he knows his genealogy. It is blood that tells. " Stock in trade " is nothing to stock in blood. The year we were set off from Lancaster into Bolton was signalized by the birth of the first Berhn Carter, Stanton, 1738. He appears first in a purchase on east side of Third Division hill, probably the later Sanderson Carter place, 1763. But the TOWN OF BERLIN. 565 homestead was on land now traversed by the Central Massa- chusetts railroad beyond Larkindale. The Carter stock, founded in Samuel of Cambridge College, England, was stanch Puritanic. The first two Samuels were Orthodox ministers. In Lancaster it became an even game which should be the most numerous — the Carters, the Wilders, or the Houghtons. It became more dubious when the second Samuel married Dorothy Wilder, and the third Samuel married Jemima Houghton. Samuel, 3d, and Jemima kept the record good in twelve Carter-Houghton children. I put this in to make out my kinship to my neighbor. Jemima Houghton was Chandler's great-great-grandmother. I have not been able to tell exactly my i-oiisaiiginnify with Jemima. The Carters sought for good blood in matrimony. They took in the Sawyer stock by way of Dorothy Wilder, whose mother was daughter of the famous saw-mill builder in Canada. She had in her also the John Prescott blood, the most vigorous probably of all Lancaster stock. No wonder that in the great Carter gathering, two years ago at Woburn, " there was not a bald head among them." We would not deprive the Carters of the high price of their original blood, but no doubt the present Carters are considerably indebted to the Sawyer and the Houghton stock. We don't think they owe it " twenty thousand dollars," but we trust they will not take offense at our showing of kinship. So we have made out the pedigree of our generous bene- factor thus : Thomas, Samuel, Samuel, 2d, Samuel, 3d, Stanton, Daniel, Chandler — seven generations. The Carters and the Houghtons were about equally repre- sented in the west school, Berlin. The house stood very near the present residence of George Felton. Chandler was my seat-mate, I don't know for how long, but he was certainly one of the most honest school-boys I ever sat with. I don't believe he ever "laughed out" in school or "in meeting." He was very diligent in his lessons. Of course I was a good boy in such 566 HISTORY OF THE company, but I used to astonish him by my fluency in gram- mar. He seemed very much dazed when I stood up in my seat beside him and recited to Baxter Woods, say the 21st rule of Murray, "When the (juality of different things is compared, the latter noun or pronoun is not governed by the conjunction than or as (for conjunctions have no government of cases), but agrees with the verb, or is governed by the verb, or by the preposition expressed or understood ; as. Thou art wiser than I, that is, than I am." I did not know then why C!handler spent so much of his time on arithmetic ; still I used to hear it ever enjoined that we must know how to reckon money at interest. I see now how much more arithmetic did for Chandler than grammar did for me. Let the boys give heed to arithmetic, especially interest : grammar has gone out of date. The old idea was to put language together, the latter is to tear it into shreds till it doesn't mean anything. The wealth of school-boys in those days consisted mainly in a jjin-box made of elder, the pith pushed out, filled with dis- torted pins ; a pop-gun, made in like manner ; a home-made metallic lead pencil to rule the writing book, and a shaky jack- knife. I think Chandler was a lucky fellow in pins, as he has been in interest. I never was in luck on pins more than in simple interest. He and I attempted once to trade in jack- knives ; not in school, we didn't do that. I wanted his knife, but he wanted two cents " to boot." He said he "candidly" thought it was worth it. That was my first idea of the word "candid," "candidly." I learned that of my seat-mate, out of school, of course, and never hear of a candid man to this day without thinking of Chandler Carter. He was a candid boy ; he made a candid man ; he has dealt candidly with all men, in all business transa6lions. I think his candor has done as much for him in gathering in his interest as his diligence in arithmetic. " As the twig is bent, the tree is inclined." I don't think he would sleep o' nights if he had dealt uncan- didlv. He came over to my house once to persuade me that I TOWN OF BERLIN. 567 had just paid him too much interest. In school sports, my seat-mate was a hard one to handle, as I could see, keeping out of his grasp. It was said, too, by those who knew, that he was great in the dance. He and I had nothing in common on that line. I want just to say publicly, before I leave his school days, that I think 1 beat him in penmanship. He may have been better looking than I was, but that didn't make him handsome. You couldn't have got that fine picture out of his face then, l^pright living improves a man's face. Turning now to more sober facts of life, I was called at midnight, at my guardian's. Esquire Meriam, in 1824, to carry tidings to I,ancaster of the dying condition of Mr. Daniel Car- ter. In those days every family sorrow was felt through the town. Mr. Carter was little more than three score when he died. His mother was then living. I recall her tottering step, bending form and convulsive emotions as she placed her .trembling hand on her son's brow in his coffin, and then the family train, five sons and two daughters with families and two sons unmarried. It seems strange to me that I need say to any Berlin citizen that this was on the homestead now owned by Mr. Bancroft. They tell an anecdote of Mr. Carter and his minister. Dr. Puffer came across him by the highway loading heavy logs. Mr. Carter was wrestling with one of them. The minister deliberately watched the tussle, when the log got the better of the man, and they both went down .together. Mr. Carter was not the man to whine, but he did groan that time. " I de- clare," said Mr. Puffer, " did it hurt you? " " Hurt me, yes ! " with a wish uj^on the minister not to be put on paper. Dr. Puffer was not a man to wrestle with logs. From the death of his father, our friend and benefactor ' made his way in life on his own responsibility. Nobody had heard of ten hours for a day's work ,; nor for a hired man "from sun to sun." The light of the sun was not long enough for the longest days sixty years ago. 568 HISIORY OF THE Many of you have heard Mr. Carter tell of his labor experi- ences. But money hard earned spent well ; gains well by prudent accumulation. A kind Providence has attended the industrious frugal young man up to his three score and ten, plus. Two most worthy wives have been helpmeets for him. The children have been stricken down ; the wives are no more, and now in declining years our fellow-citizen seeks to make a worthy use of all his prudent accumulations. Content, him- self, to live in simplicity when he might be in the enjoyment of most abundant luxury, he includes in his good will not alone those akin by flesh and blood, but his townsmen ; the religious society which he has before so much fostered, and orphan children, not one of whom, perhaps, he ever saw. It devolves on me to speak only, at this time, of his munifi- cent gift to the town. In this Mr. Carter illustrates one of the noblest traits of American citizenship. Next to one's family and one's most preferred church, citizenship is a tie most ennobling. " My native town " is a sentiment next to " my native country." I think the stirring of his heart in the Carter name of late has, perhaps, cjuickened his interest in us as fellow-citizens. For one I can say that my search and find- ings in the memorial I have made out of Berlin families have greatly intensified my interest in the living families. Mr. Car- ter feels, with nie, the short tenure we ha\e in our hold on the living. He would leave to those we must leave so soon such an expression of his interest in them as will, in some measure, make our bonds perpetvial. "We live in deeds." I believe nothing would be more congenial to Mr. Carter's sentiments and desire than that his generosity should serve as a bond of good fellowship in the promotion of sympathy one with another as citizens of the same town, identified in our aims and purposes to help one another. He has never sought to increase his wealth at the expense of another, be he citizen or stranger, above all a citizen, neighbor, or kindred. C'on- vince him that he had and he would restore four-fold. As citizens we are a township, one body bound, naturally, TOWN OF BERLIN. 569 by common interests. We are a small town, surely, therefore we should each seek the welfare of every other, even as we know each other better because we are a small town. Less than a thousand ? For that reason we know each other better than we should know any other thousand persons were ten thousand on the same territory. Town relationship is very sacred. This is the reason so many go back in their sympa- thies, in sunset years, and remember in some generous way their native town. It is not so often that a man who has spent his life in the place of his birth, amid the divisions of the town into parties and sects — not so often that such an one holds on upon his nati\e town with so much common symi)athy as to make gen- erous donations for its welfare — as our fellow-citizen has done. We have often contravened his judgment in town affairs ; in nothing, perhaps, so much as in incurring a heavy debt. But he does not leave us to smart under it. Rather, proposes to lift us out of the difificulty which his vote would have avoided. Berlin is not alone in her errors, but she is alone, I think, in having one who ojjposed our errors to lift us out of it. The management of town affairs is a great responsibility, and public officers do well to weigh opposing opinions in steady balances. Our benefactor could easily have expended on himself what he has bestowed upon us and no man would ha\e said aught. Of course we have only praise to bestow. But this cannot be as gratifying to him as the assurance, which we trust he may feel, that the town not only responds to his gift, but that we will hereafter endeavor to exercise generous good will in town relationship, and to use all prudence in our business transactions. Few, propably, will attain to Mr. Carter's finan- cial ability, but we can, one and all, take the lesson which his course teaches us, namely, to make our prosperity a mutual matter. Let every man seek another's prosperity as well as his own. It is a divine law that help begets help to the helper. I do not like to say in all our comforts that Berlin is a poor town. Our financial wealth is certainly small ; our financial 570 HISTORY OF THE expenses must still continue to be great. There are few towns, I am sure, where voluntary contributions for religious societies- so nearly equal, and in many cases exceed, town assessments. AVe congratulate the society which is relieved of such a burden by the same generous benefactor. We rejoice in the lessening of life's burdens everywhere. The occasion may warrant the suggestion of better hopes for the town in time to come. There is more inducement for good citizens and families to come into a town not encumbered by debt. J.arge business is yet shy of us, but a current is setting in, which, by encouragement, might make the town a summer resort for a very worthy class of boarders for the open season. One hour and little more from Iioston, with several opportunities daily for coming and going, cannot long fail of bringing about good results, taken in a business view. In short, if the spirit of good will and mutual helpfulness which this great help to us all suggests and urges upon usr shall be cherished and exemplified, the future of Berlin is hope- ful. Should we fail to show this spirit it will be our reproach, but the deed of our benefactor will still stand as a memento of his earnest desire for our good and an assurance of his noble generosity. TESTIMONIAL. The undersigned, members of the eommittee, de- sire to put on record a brief statement in relation to the completion of the history, as left by Mr. Hough- ton, The work of rewriting, compiling and publish- ing the work has been left largely in the hands of Mr. Bassett, who has acted as chairman of the com- mittee. From previous experience in writing a history of his native town (Richmond, N. H.), he possessed superior qualifications for the work in hand. The positions of honor, trust and responsi- TOWX OF BERLIN. 57 I bility held by him in town will be found by an ex- amination of varioiis pages of this book. We accord to him diligence and faithfulness in the performance of the arduous and difficult task imposed, and be- lieve that the result of his labors is alike credit- able to the town and the author who began the work. E. C. Shattuck, P. B. vSOUTHWICK, Geo. F. Pratt, i oDiniiticc. NOTABLE REMOVALS AND CHANGES IN TOWN NEAR TI[E CLOSE OE THE YEAR 1895. The Metropolitan Water Works' loeation for tun- nel and aqueduct fixed from Larkin's mountain tc Northboro line. A branch of the Lyman School for Boys established on the Edward Flag-^^ farm. Flagg sold the farm and bought the Mills place in New Worcester (so called). The old Stephen Southwick farm sold by the pres- ent incumbent, Mrs. Reuben A. Wheeler, to Charles |. (j. Hubbard of Fitchburg. The R. vS. Hastings store at the Centre changed occupancy, from C. vS. White to H. E. Lasselle, for- merly of the vSouth Berlin store. The Unitarian stables built, December, 1895. E. C. Shattuck appointed postmaster in place of C. vS. White, December, 1895. John Draper, a former hotel keeper here, is now (Jan. I, 1896) occupant of the Berlin Hotel (the old Meriam place). John F. Larkin sold his farm to Lyman Kendall of Boylston. The tunnel goes under the farm near the house. The Arad Taylor place has been sold by Jos. B. Moore to Joseph Welch of Fitchburg. Lewis I^. Carter has bargained his farm to his brother, Jonas H. Carter. CONCLUSION. As the weary mariner, after a long voyage of ex- ploration, is about to enter the port from which he took his departure, laden with the fruits of his research, rejoices in the near prospect of relief from continual observation, so we, who have been journeying amid the faded memories of the aged and the musty manuscripts of past ages, exult and rejoice that our diversified observations and numerous peregrinations are prospectively drawing to a close; but to one who has been for a considerable time de- voted to a particular line of study or research, the laying aside of what may be considered a heavy burden is fraught with lively sensations of joy, mingled with modified feelings of regret. (The work of writing a town history, when perfection is aimed at, but hardly attainable, is truly an Herculean task under ordinary circumstances.) The committee who have had the work in charge bear cheerful tes- timony to the great value of the labors of Mr. Houghton in laying the foundation by collecting the statistics of early families, and by gathering valuable historical data which must be of special interest to all having any connection with the town. The town certainly owes a debt of gratitude to the author for his labor of love. The original design seems to have been to publish mainly family history and biography. We have seen fit to broaden the 574 HISTORY OF THE scope intended by inserting such topics of town history as appear worthy of preservation. It will be noticed that considerable space has been allotted to our soldiers who served in the War of the Rebellion; for this we make no apology, and none is demanded. Their names should be kept in perpetual remembrance for the sacrifices they made for liberty on their country's altar. Probably the most novel feature of our work will be found in the large number of its illustrations ; especially the por- traits of citizens and soldiers, so largely presented, may truly be regarded as a new departure from old beaten paths. In this we have only attempted to keep pace with the progress of the age in the line of art. Our aim and intent have been more particularly to transmit to posterity the looks of Berlin people as well as their acts. Not alone the portraits of the more distinguished have been sought, but those of all others of the people — of the common people, who constitute the bulk of the town. We regret that we have been unable to secure the pictures of some one of many families, which would have added materially to our collection. From motives of delicacy, or, pos- sibly, of fear that their looks might not reflect the goodness of their hearts, they have hesitated to have their pictures examined by the thousands who will first or last peruse the pages of this book. We re- gret that some misplacements will be found in both the genealogical and historical parts of the work, but all will be found by reference to the index. We fondly cherish the hope that this book, so long in preparation, may be of permanent value, not only to those now living, but also to those who may come TOWN OF BERLIN. 575 after us. It is quite probable that copies of this work may be found when not a single descendant of the first settlers, or even of those now living here, will occupy this territory, such are the changes wrought by time. It may truly be regarded as fortunate for the town that so many of the frag- ments have been gathered up which might have been lost for all time but for the labors in the first place of the Rev. William A. Houghton. Berlin, January, 1896. HISTORICAL INDEX. PapTC A PiiaC. Constables 243 Abandoned Farms Academy, Bride's Agnostics Agriculture and Ilorticu Assessors 48 105 . 138 Iture 88 240 Continental Money . County, Division of . County Roads . Convention to Alter the Constitution 39 72 54 68 B D Bell Purchased Bell Broken Berlin Surveyed Berlin Territorially . 71 73 54 45 Deaths, Accidental, etc. . Decoration Day Delegates to Convention District of Berlin 213 200 82 28 Blacksmiths Bridges 93 81 Doctors .... Donations to Cong. Church 219 124 c E Carpenters Carter Fund 95 129 Ecclesiastical Ecclesiastical Controversy 1 10 "5 Carter Donation 204 Emigration . . - . 29 Carter Reception and Pc jrtrait 205 Exchanges by Dr. Puflfer . 115 Cemetery, Old 144 F Cemetery, New 145 Centennial Celebration, 200-202 Farmers' Club 230- Church Centennial . 126 Federal Money, Grants in 55 Church's Request to To\ vn 1 1 7- 1 19 Fire Apparatus 202 Civil Service Reform 201 Fire-proof Safes 199 Clamshell Pond . 18-46 Fires, Buildings Burned 216 Clock 202 Forest Trees 48 Coffins Furnished 75 G Cold Year 67 Comb Making . 97 Gates' Pond . . 18 46-200- Common, Ownership of 76 Gift Rejected . 193 Common, Plan of 68 Golden Cross . 220 Coopers . 94 Grange, P. of M. 203 577 H Hat Making Hearse .... Hearse House Removed . History while Part of Bolton History while Part of Lancaster Hopedale Community House for the Poor . Page. 97 55 67 20 6 231 I Incorporation . Incorporation of District Indians Inns and Inn Keepers Inoculation Introduction Jury Boxes Justices of the Peace Kequasagansett Lake King Philip's War . King William's War Knapsacks 55-69-81 57-58 32 18 98 57 1-6 43 245 18 -10 II 57 Lamps Lancaster Inhabitants Re jected Lancaster Resettled Larkin, Peter, Admitted to Town Lawsuit with Bolton Lawsuit with Maynard Library Lyceum . M Masons Medicine and Extracts Meeting House, First Meeting House, New Methodist Church Methodist Ministers . Memorial Hall Military Organizations Militia, Enrollment of Militia Organized Millerites Mill Owners Millwrights Moderators N Nashua Plantation Nashua Tribe Indians Nipmucks Northboro Line Noyes Survey . 59 II 55 74 199 221 228 Page. 96 97 no 69-73 129 131 150 140 1S2-183 54-140 76 95 96 237 7 6-10 910 55 Map of Town Marines . 38 P Parish, South . . . no Paupers . . ■ • 215 Penacook Indians . 10 Petition to Court . . 54 Petition for Relief . . 57 Piano Purchased . . 209 Portrait Artemas Barnes . 197 Portrait Rev. W. A. Houghton 209 Population . ■ • 236 Post 54, G. A. R., . . 186 Postmasters, List of 88 Post Offices, ... 84 Potash .... 97 Pound and Stocks . 43 Powder House . - 65-202 President's Call . • 151 Public Worship, Cost of . 139 81 Puffer's, Rev. Dr., Exchanges 115 ;2 181 5 78 INDEX. o Oueen Anne's War 12 R Kailroads 82 R. \\., Agricultural l^ra ich 82 R. R., Mass. Central 83 Recruits 182 Representatives 244 Roads 77 Road Bounds . 82 Rowlandson Massacre 9 School Districts N. & S. . 41 School Districts E. iv W. . 42 School Districts . . 73-101 School Committees . . 243 School Funds . . . 109 School Money, Division of 53 55 School in Centre . . 71 School-house, West . 73 School-houses, Religious Services in . . 70 Schools and School-houses loi School in Town House . 73 School, Select ... 68 Schools, .Singing . 55-57-68 School Teachers . . 109 Selectmen ... 238 Senators .... 245 Shakespeare Club . . 224 Shays' Rebellion . . 50 Shepherd & Dwight . . 68 Shoe Shops, Parker's . 90 Shoe Shops, Other . 91-92-93 Sleeping Rock . . . 19-48 .Society of Friends . . 136 Soldiers, History of Deceased 152 Soldiers Who Survived the War . . . . 162 Soldiers of i6th Reg. . 162 Soldiers of 25th Reg. .Soldiers of 22nd Reg. Soldiers of 29th Reg. .Soldiers of 26th Reg. Soldiers of 53rd Reg. .Soldiers of 5th Reg. Soldiers of nth Reg. Soldiers of 27th Reg. Soldiers of 6th Reg. -Soldiers of 36th Reg. Soldiers of 3rd Cavalry Soldiers of Heavy Art. Soldiers' Uniform South Parish Stables on Common . Stage Coach Stores and Store Keepers .Surplus Revenue T Tanning . Tax on Dogs Tax on Pews Temperance Society . Tithingmen Town and Church Division Town Census . Town Clerks Town, Division of Town Farm Town Grants Town House, Old Town House, New . Town Meeting . 35 Town, Name of Town's Health Town Vote of Thanks Tories Tramp House . Treasurer and Collector Treaty Ratified Trees on Common 164 165 167 167 167 168 174 174 175 175 173 178 55 30 67 84 99 74 97 54 68 220 65 73 74 238 194 81 3S 72 194. 70-72 30 21 r 71 26 200 242 49 76 INDEX. 579 u Unitarian Society Unitarian Meeting House V Valuation Veterans, Sons of w War, King Philip's . War, French and Indian War of the Revolution War, Preparation for Warofi8i2 . War of Rebellion War Meetings . . • Washacum Lake Page. 127 129 236 191 S 20 22 48 59 146 151 19 Page. Water Trough . 204 Well on Common 56 Wheelwrights . 96 Wire-drawing . 97 W. C. T. U. . 234 Wool-carding . 97 Worcester County, Div of 54-199 Y Year of Disaster 74 \-^n«,„ I">a^^ 201 ADDENDA. 544 545 Gates' Pond Taken . Orthodox Sunday School, W. A. Houghton's Speech, 562-570 Testimonial, . . • 57 BIOGRAPHICAL. Harnes, Fortunatus Brown, Ira H. M. Cotting, Geo. A. Durston, Rev. A. S. Fosgate, C. O. Hartshorn, E. H. Hastings, Arthur Hastings, Henry W. Hastings, Leslie, Hastings, Ruthven Hastings, R. S. Hodgkins, Asenath Holder, Samviel Wm. A. Howe lonts, Solomon Page. rage. 547 Keyes, Chas. G. 554 547 MacElwain, Andrew 555 548 Maynard, Geo. W. . 555 548 Maynard, Geo. E. 555 549 Meriam, Jona., Esq. 556 549 Morse, Lyman 556 550 Towers, A. A. . 557 550 Sawyer, E. Irving 557 551 Sawyer, Dea. Oliver 558 551 Sawyer, Stephen 558 552 Shattuck . 559 552 Smith, A. G. . 560 553 Southwick, P. B. 560 563 Wheeler, Erastus S. . 561 554 Whitcomb, Myron L. 562 GENEALOGICAL INDEX. A Page. I'ugc. Bruce 311 Adams 247 Bryant 312 Allen 247-24S Burke 312 Ames 248 Butler 313 Andrews . 249 Bullard . 314 B c Babcock . 250-256 Caldwell . 314 Kailey 256-269 Canouse . 315 Baker, Hon. Sam'l 269-274 Carter 315-326 Baker, Benj. 274 Cartwright 326-327 Ball 275 Carvelle . 327 Barber 275 Chamberlin 327 liarker . 276 Coburn . 328 Barnes 276-282 Collins . . 328 Barnard . 282-284 Conant 329 Bartlett . 284-288 Coolidge . 329-330 Barter 288 Cotting . 330 Bassett . 288 Coulson . 331 Bennett . 289 Crossman 33' Benway . 290 Crosby 332 Berry 290 Christy . 332 Bickford . 290-291 Clarke . 333 Bigelow . 291-294 Cutting . 333 Bliss 294-295 D Boyce 296 Bowman . 296 Dakin 333 Bruce 297-301 Dailey 333 Bride 302-306 Davis 334 Brigham . 306-309 Day 334 Brewer . 309-10 Derby 334 Brooks 310 Dewey 335 Brown • 310-11 Dexter 335 58: Dinsmoie Dudley Dugan Dunn Eager Egery Ellis End Fairbanks Fagin Farwell Fay Felton Fife Flagg Fletcher Foley Foster Fosgate Fox Fry Fuller Gage Gamble Gibbs Gates Garrity Gill Goddard Gott Grassie Greenleaf Griggs Green Guertin Gunnison E IXl KX. Pai^e. 335 335 Hale 33^ Hapgood . 336 Harper Hartweli . Hartley . 336 Hartshorn 336 Hastings . 337 Haynes . 337 Hibbard . Hoar Holbrook 337-341 Holder . 341 Ilolman . 34' Holt 341-345 Houghton 345-347 Howard . 347-348 Howe _^. 348 Hudson . 340 Hunt 350 Hunting . 350 4 350-354 354 Jackson . 354-356 Jenkins 356 Jewett Johnson . Jones 357 357 357 Kerley 357-359 Keyes 359 Keating . 359 Kelley 360-366 Killam 366 King 367 Knight 367 368 368-370 Larkin 370 Livingston 370 Lawrence H 1 'aae. 371 371 372 372 373 373 -375 375 -380 3S0 38. 381 381 382 -384 384 385 385 -392 393 394 -398 398 -399 399 400 401 401 401 402-407 407-411 411 41: ■415 415 415 416 416 417 41: •-422 422 422 INDEX. 583 Page Paare. L°"g'^>' . • • • 4^ Richardson ... 469 M Robbins . . . • 469-470 Mccarty . . . • 423 Rose . . • • 470 McPhearson 424 Rudersdoff ..-47^ Marsh • '"' S 424-429 ^ Maynard . Meriam . 420-432 Sawyer 471-491 Miller 432-433 Sawtelle . 492 Moore 433-43° Severance 492 Moran 438 Shattuck . 492-494 Morse 439-440 Shepherd 494 Mossman 440 Small 495 Smith 495-496 N •^ Snow 496 Newsome, • • • 44 ' Southwick 497-501 Newton .. • • 441-443 Spofford . 501-503 Nourse . • • • ^^'^ Starkey . 503-504 Staples . Stetson . 504 504 Oscood . . • • 445 Stone 505 Stratton . 505 A Sweet 506 Tarmenter Parks 445 446 T Paine . . • 447 Taft . • • • ,506 Parker 447 Taylor . 506-507 Peters 448 Temple . 507 Pierce 448 Tenney . . 507-508 508 Pollard 449-452 Thompson Power-s 452-454 Tisdale . 509 Pratt 454 Townsend 509 Priest 457-461 Turner . 509 Proctor 461 Tyler 509-510 I'ry Puffer . . . 461 462 u „ L pham . • • • ^ Rand . . • 463-464 V Randall . . • 464-465 ;ii Rathbun 465-466 \ inals ;84 INDKX. w ADDENDA. Page. I'age. VValcott . 5" Coffran .... 537 Walker . 5" Davis, Geo. C. 537 Wallis 511 Dawson, . 537 Walter . 512 Dyar 637 Wheeler . 512-529 (ioddard, E. M 538 Whitcomb 529 Howe, C. A. . 538 White 530-533 Jewett 539 Whitney . 533 Laybolt 539 Wilder . 534 Merrill 539-541 Williams . 534 Mills 541 Winship . 534 M orse 541 Winter 535 Otterson 542 Wood 535 I'aige 542 Woodbviry 535 Terry 543 Woodward 535 Tierce, A. F. 543 Worster . . • 536 Segar 544 Y Schubert 544 Smith 544 Young 536 7^60^ t/ (^^^' ai.